document_title: Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic

question_text: in star wars knights of the old republic what is the name of the spaceship you travel in

text: Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Players choose from three basic character classes at the beginning of the game, and later choose from three Jedi subclasses. Beyond class, a character has "skills" stats, tiered "feats", and later on, tiered Force powers, similar to magic spells in fantasy games. Feats and Force powers are unlocked every level-up, while the player is given skill points to distribute among their skills every level.

text: Combat is round-based; time is divided into discrete rounds, and combatants attack and react simultaneously, although these actions are presented sequentially on-screen. The number of actions a combatant may perform each round is limited. While each round's duration is a fixed short interval of real time, the player can configure the combat system to pause at specific events or at the end of each round, or set the combat system to never automatically pause, giving the illusion of real-time combat. Combat actions are calculated using DnD rules. While these are not displayed directly on the screen, the full breakdown for each action (including die rolls and modifiers) is accessible from a menu.

text: For much of the game, the player can have up to two companions in their party. These companions will participate in combat. They can be manually controlled by the player, or act autonomously if the player does not give them any input. Outside of combat, the companions will randomly engage the player or each other in dialogue, sometimes unlocking additional quests. They will also participate in conversations the player has with other non-player characters.

text: Non-combat interaction with other characters in the game world is based upon a dialogue menu system. Following each statement, the player can select from a list of menu responses. The dialogue varies based on the gender and skills of the main character.

text: The alignment system tracks actions and speech—from simple word choices to major plot decisions—to determine whether the player's character aligns with the light or dark side of the Force. Generosity and altruism lead to the light side, while selfish or violent actions will lead the player's character to the dark side, which will alter the character's appearance, turning their eyes yellow and their skin pale.

text: In addition to the standard role-playing gameplay, there are several minigame events that come up over the course of the game. The player can engage in swoop racing to gain money, and sometimes interplanetary travel will be interrupted by enemy starfighters, which begins a minigame where the player controls a turret to shoot down the opposing starcraft. The player can also engage in a card game known as pazaak, which is similar to the game of blackjack, to gamble money.

text: Story[edit]

text: The story takes place approximately 4,000 years before the rise of the Galactic Empire. Darth Malak, a former Jedi, Dark Lord of the Sith and Darth Revan's former apprentice, has unleashed a Sith armada against the Republic. Malak's aggression has left the Jedi scattered and vulnerable; many Jedi Knights have fallen in battle and others have sworn allegiance to Malak.

text: The game opens with the player's character—the player can choose a face and be male or female (canonically a male[3])—awakening aboard a Republic ship, the Endar Spire, which is under attack by Malak's forces over the city world of Taris. Republic soldier Trask Ulgo soon arrives and informs the player character that they are under attack. Fighting their way to the escape pods, Trask and the player character are soon confronted by Sith Lord Darth Bandon. With no other options, Trask sacrifices himself while the player continues to make their way to the escape pods. The player character soon meets up with Carth Onasi, a skilled pilot and Republic war hero, and they escape the doomed warship.

text: Crashing on the surface of Taris, the player character is knocked unconscious and Carth pulls them away from the wreckage. After suffering a strange vision, the player character awakens in an abandoned apartment with Carth, who explains that Taris is currently under martial law by Malak's forces who are currently searching for the Jedi Knight Bastila Shan, known for her mastery of battle meditation, a Force technique which strengthens one's allies and weakens one's enemies during battle. Carth and the player character go in search of her and manage to meet new companions along the way, such as the Twi'lek street urchin Mission Vao and her Wookiee companion Zaalbar. The group eventually finds and rescues Bastila from the Black Vulkar gang. With the help of utility droid T3-M4 and Mandalorian mercenary Canderous Ordo, the group escapes Taris aboard the Ebon Hawk, moments before the planet surface is decimated by Malak's fleet in a vain effort to kill Bastila.

text: While taking refuge at the Jedi Academy on Dantooine, the player's character trains to be a Jedi, discovers a "Star Map", and learns of the "Star Forge", the probable source of Malak's military resources. The player's character and their companions search planets across the galaxy—Dantooine, Manaan, Tatooine, Kashyyyk, and Korriban—for more information about the Star Forge, gaining new companions along the way such as the Cathar Jedi Juhani, assassin droid HK-47, and 'Grey' Jedi Jolee Bindo. Through the course of their travels, the player will eventually discover their character's true identity—the brainwashed Darth Revan, whom the Jedi Council on Dantooine took in and subjected to memory modification so that he would no longer be a threat to the galaxy, the various visions they had been experiencing being Revan's memories. Darth Revan had been injured when attacking a Republic planet because Darth Malak turned his ship's guns on his former master, intent on usurping him. Because Bastila was aboard Revan's ship with a Jedi strike force, she was able to heal him and bring him to the Jedi Council on Dantooine. Her actions lead to the force bond between her and Revan, which plays a role later in the game.

text: Depending on the character's alignment, upon ultimately reaching the Star Forge they either defeat the Sith (the light-side path) or usurp control from Malak (the dark-side path). A light-aligned character is hailed as a savior and hero; a dark-side character stands before the remaining Sith forces as the new Dark Lord of the Sith.

text: Characters and locations[edit]

text: Eventually joining the main character's quest are veteran Republic pilot Carth Onasi, the Twi'lek teenager Mission Vao and her Wookiee companion Zaalbar, the Jedi Bastila Shan, 'Grey' Jedi Jolee Bindo, utility droid T3-M4, Mandalorian mercenary Canderous Ordo, and assassin droid HK-47 if he is bought. Juhani, another Jedi, may also join the party if she is not killed fighting the main character. Several of these characters, including Canderous Ordo, HK-47 and T3-M4, also appear in the sequel, Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II – The Sith Lords. Republic soldier Trask Ulgo is also playable briefly on the Endar Spire. Antagonists include Black Vulkar gang leader Brejik, crime boss Davik Kang, bounty hunter Calo Nord, Zaalbar's twisted brother Chuundar, Malak's Sith apprentice Darth Bandon, Sith Admiral Saul Karath, Sith Overseer Uthar Wynn, Rakatan tribe leader The One, and Darth Malak, the Dark Lord of the Sith. On several planets the main character deals with Czerka Corporation, a company operating on several planets that allied itself with the Sith, engaged in slave trade and other nefarious practices. Major allies that help the player's party along the way are Hidden Bek gang leader Gadon Thek, Jedi Masters Vandar Tokare and Zhar Lestin, game hunter Komad Fortuna, Zaalbar and Chuundar's father Freyyr, Uthar's Sith apprentice Yuthura Ban, Republic representative Roland Wann, the Rakatan tribe "The Elders", and Republic Admiral Forn Dodonna.

text: Action takes place on the planets Tatooine, Dantooine, Kashyyyk, Korriban, Manaan, Rakata Prime, and Taris; aboard the Republic cruiser Endar Spire and Saul Karath's ship Leviathan; and on the Star Forge space station. A space station near Yavin is a playable location in the PC, Mac OS X, and mobile versions of the game and is available to Xbox players via download from Xbox Live. Travel between these locations happens aboard the freighter Ebon Hawk, which is also a playable location.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In July 2000, BioWare announced that they were working with LucasArts to create a Star Wars role-playing video game for the PC and next-generation consoles.[4] Joint BioWare CEO Greg Zeschuk commented that "The opportunity to create a richly detailed new chapter in the Star Wars universe is incredibly exciting for us. We are honored to be working with the extremely talented folks at Lucas Arts, developing a role-playing game based upon one of the most high-profile licenses in the world."[5] The game was officially unveiled as Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic at E3 2001. At this point, the game had been in development for around six months.[6] "Preproduction started in 2000, but the discussions started back in 1999," LucasArts' Mike Gallo said, "The first actual e-mails were in October or November of '99. That's when we first started talking to BioWare. But some really serious work finally started at the beginning of 2000."[7]

text:
“
The thing that seems to stand out is that the current game is almost exactly what we envisioned almost three years ago.
”

— Project director Casey Hudson in April 2003[8]

text: The decision to set the game four thousand years before Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace was one of the first details about the game made known.[4] LucasArts gave BioWare a choice of settings for the game. "LucasArts came to us and said that we could do an Episode II game," BioWare CEO Raymond Muzyka said. "Or LucasArts said we could go 4,000 years back, which is a period that's hardly been covered before."[9] BioWare chose to set the game four thousand years before the films as it gave them greater creative freedom.[9] They aimed to create content similar to that from the films but different enough to be a definite precursor.[10] Concept work had to be sent to "the ranch" to be approved for use. Muzyka noted that very little of their content was rejected: "It was more like, 'Can you just make his head like this rather than like that.' So it was all very feasible. There were good suggestions made and they made the game better, so we were happy to do them. It was a good process really and I think we were pleasantly surprised how easy LucasArts was to work with."[9] Zeschuk said that "Overall, we were really happy with the results. We felt like we had enough freedom to truly create something wonderful."[10]

text: Gallo said that BioWare and LucasArts were aiming for a gameplay time of around sixty hours: "Baldur's Gate was 100 hours of gameplay or more. Baldur's Gate 2 was 200 hours, and the critical-path play through Baldur's Gate 2 was 75 hours... We're talking smaller than that [for Knights of the Old Republic], dramatically, but even if it's 60 percent smaller, then it's still 100 hours. So our goal for gameplay time is 60 hours. We have so many areas that we're building--worlds, spaceships, things like that to explore--so we have a ton of gameplay."[7]

text: Project director Casey Hudson said that one of the greatest achievements and one of the greatest risks was the combat system. "We wanted to create something that combined the strategic aspects of our Baldur's Gate series and Neverwinter Nights but which presented it through fast, cinematic 3D action," Hudson said. "That required us to make something that hadn't really been done before."[10] The developers intended to make the game have more open-ended gameplay. Gallo compared some situations to Deus Ex: "You have several ways to get through an area and you might need a character who has a specific skill to do that."[7]

text: Technical[edit]

text: LucasArts and BioWare settled on developing Knights of the Old Republic for the PC and Xbox. The Xbox was chosen over other consoles because of BioWare's background of developing PC games and greater familiarity with the Xbox than other consoles: "We could do the things we wanted to do on the Xbox without as much effort as we'd need to do it on the PS2 or GameCube," Gallo said.[7] Other factors included the console's recent success and the opportunity to release one of the Xbox's first RPGs.[7] BioWare had previously developed MDK2 for the Dreamcast and PlayStation 2. Hudson said that "Having experience in developing for other consoles gave us the proper mindset for implementing this game on the Xbox, and, by comparison, the Xbox was relatively easy to develop for."[10]

text: Hudson did, however, note that there were some challenges during development. One of the difficulties was in deciding how much graphical detail to provide. "Since our games generally have a lot of AI and scripting, numerous character models, and huge environments, we stress the hardware in a very different way than most games," Hudson said.[10] This made it difficult to predict how well the game would run.[10] The game uses the Odyssey Engine, based on the Aurora Engine (previously developed by BioWare for use in Neverwinter Nights) but completely rewritten for Knights of the Old Republic.[7] It was highly detailed for its time: grass waves in the wind, dust blows across Tatooine and puffs of sand rise as the player walks across the seabed.[9]

text: Hudson noted that the differences between consoles and PCs mean that the graphics would have to be modified. "You typically play console games on a TV across the room while PC games are played on a monitor only inches away."[10] Console games put effort into close-up action and overall render quality; PC games emphasize what can be done with high resolutions and super-sharp textures. Hudson also noted that the difference between a game controller and mouse-and-keyboard setup influenced some design decisions.[10] The PC version features an extra location the player can visit and more NPCs, items and weapons; these additions were later made available on the Xbox version through Xbox Live. The PC version supports higher display resolutions (up to 1600x1200) and has higher-resolution textures.[11]

text: Sound[edit]

text: While the main game, graphics engine and story were developed by BioWare, LucasArts worked on the game's audio.[7] Knights of the Old Republic contains three hundred different characters and fifteen thousand lines of speech. "One complete copy of the Knights of the Old Republic script fills up 10 5-inch binders," voice department manager Darragh O'Farrell noted.[12] A cast of around a hundred voice actors, including Ed Asner, Raphael Sbarge, Ethan Phillips, Jennifer Hale, and Phil LaMarr was assembled. "Fortunately, with a game this size, it's easy to have an actor play a few different characters and scatter those parts throughout the game so you'll never notice it's the same actor you heard earlier," O'Farrell said.[12]

text: Voice production started six months before the game's beta release. The voice production team were given the script 90% complete to work with. "There were a few changes made during recording, but most of the remaining 10 percent will be dealt with in our pickup session," O'Farrell said, "The pickup session is right at the end of the project, where we catch performance issues, tutorial lines, verbal hints, and anything else that we might have overlooked."[12] A game the size of Knights of the Old Republic would typically take seven weeks to record; two weeks of recording all-day and all-night meant LucasArts were able to record all voices in five weeks. Actors were recorded one at a time, as the non-linear nature of the game meant it was too complicated and expensive to record more than one actor at a time.[12]

text: Most of the dialogue recorded was spoken in Galactic Basic (represented by English); however, around a tenth of the script was written in Huttese. Mike Gallo used Ben Burtt's Star Wars: Galactic Phrase Book & Travel Guide to translate English into Huttese. "The key to recording alien dialogue is casting the right actor for the part," O'Farrell said, "Over the years I've had actors take to Huttese like a fish to water, but the opposite is also true. In the past I've had to line-read (when an actor copies my performance) 150-plus Huttese lines to an actor in order to make it work."[12]

text: Award-winning composer Jeremy Soule was signed to compose the game's score.[13] "It will be a Star Wars score, but it will all be original, and probably the things that will remain will be the Force themes and things like that," Gallo said.[7] Soule was unable to write a full orchestral score for Knights of the Old Republic due to technical limitations: "At the time we only had an 8 megabit per second MIDI system. That was state of the art... I had to fool people into thinking they were hearing a full orchestra. I’d write woodwinds and drums, or woodwinds, horns and drums, or strings and drums and brass. I couldn’t run the whole orchestra at once, it was impossible."[13]

text: Release[edit]

text: When announced at E3 2001, Knights of the Old Republic was originally scheduled for a late 2002 release.[6] In August 2002 it was announced on the game's forums that its release had been delayed: the Xbox version was to be released in spring 2003 and the PC version in summer 2003.[14] A further delay was announced in January 2003, with both versions of the game expected to be released in fall 2003.[15] Zeschuk attributed the delay to BioWare's focus on quality: "Our goal is to always deliver a top-notch gameplay experience, and sometimes it can be very difficult to excel in all areas. We keep working on tackling each individual issue until we feel we've accomplished something special."[10]

text: The Xbox version of Knights of the Old Republic went gold on July 9, 2003 with a release date of July 15.[16] It sold 250,000 copies in the first four days of its release, making Knights of the Old Republic the fastest-selling Xbox title at the time of its release.[17] Following the game's release, it was announced that free downloadable content would be available through Xbox Live at the end of the year.[18] The PC version of the game went gold on November 11, 2003 and was released on November 18.[19] It was re-released as part of the Star Wars: The Best of PC collection in 2006.[20]

text: The game was released on Steam on May 14, 2012 for Mac OS X. The game was released for the iPad on May 30, 2013. The iPad version includes the Yavin Station DLC that was previously released for Xbox and PC. The game was released as DRM-free download on GoG.com in October 2014.[21]

text: The game was also launched on Android's Google Play Store on December 22, 2014.

text: In October 2017, Microsoft made the Xbox One console backward compatible with the Xbox version of the game, as part of a 13 game curated catalog.

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reception

Aggregate score

Aggregator
Score

Metacritic
XBOX: 94/100[22]
PC: 93/100[23]

Review scores

Publication
Score

CVG
9/10[30]

Eurogamer
9/10[24]

Game Informer
9.5/10[28]

GamePro
4.5/5[32]

GameSpot
9.1/10[25]

GameSpy
5/5[29]

IGN
9.5/10[27]

text: In the United States, Knights of the Old Republic's computer version sold 470,000 copies and earned $14.7 million by August 2006, after its release in November 2003. It was the country's 32nd best-selling computer game between January 2000 and August 2006.[33] The game's Xbox release received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA),[34] indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom.[35] By July 2006, the Xbox release had sold 1.3 million copies and earned $44 million in the United States alone. Next Generation ranked it as the 38th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined sales of Knights of the Old Republic console releases reached 2 million units in the United States by July 2006.[36]

text: Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic received "universal acclaim" according to review aggregator Metacritic, and won numerous awards, including Game Developers Choice Awards' 2004 game of the year,[37] BAFTA Games Awards' best Xbox game of the year, and Interactive Achievement Awards for best console RPG and best computer RPG.[38]

text: Knights of the Old Republic has seen success as the game of the year from many sources including IGN, Computer Gaming World, PC Gamer, GMR, The Game Developers Choice Awards, Xbox Magazine, and G4.[38] Computer Games Magazine named it the best computer game of 2003, and presented it with awards for "Best Original Music" and "Best Writing". The editors wrote, "The elegance and accessibility that BioWare made part-and-parcel of this game should be the future standard for this genre."[39] According to the review aggregator Metacritic the PC version received an average score of 93 based on 33 reviews.[40] In total, the game has won over 40 game of the year awards from various publications. Interactive Achievement Awards awarded it for Best Story and Best Character Development.[38] IGN gave KotOR additional awards in Best Sound (Xbox category), Best Story (PC category), Xbox RPG of the Year 2003, PC RPG of the Year 2003, Xbox Game of the Year 2003, PC Game of the Year 2003, and Overall Game of the Year 2003 across all platforms. In 2007, IGN listed it at #27 on its list of the Top 100 Games of All-Time.[41] In 2010, IGN placed the game at #3 on its Best games of the Decade (2000–2009), beaten by Shadow of the Colossus and Half-Life 2.[42]

text: At the 2004 Game Developers Choice Awards, HK-47 won the category of "Original Game Character of the Year".[43] In 2007, the plot twist in KotOR was ranked number two in Game Informer's list of the top ten video game plot twists of all time[44] and number 10 on ScrewAttack's "Top 10 OMGWTF Moments".[45] The game is also part of The Xbox Platinum Series/Classics for sales in excess of 1 million units.[46]

text: The Los Angeles Times listed Knights of the Old Republic as one of the most influential works of the Star Wars Expanded Universe.[47] In 2010, Game Informer named the game the 54th best game on their Top 200 Games of All Time list.[48] In November 2012, Time named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time.[49]


document_title: List of Sex and the City characters

question_text: who does stanford marry in sex and the city

root

text: List of Sex and the City characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Carrie Bradshaw[edit]

text: Carrie Bradshaw (born October 10, 1966), is the literal voice of the show, as each episode is structured around her train of thought while writing her weekly column, "Sex and the City", for the fictitious newspaper, The New York Star. A member of the New York glitterati, she is a club/bar/restaurant staple known for her unique fashion sense;[citation needed]yoking together various styles into one outfit (she often pairs inexpensive vintage clothing with high-end couture). A self-proclaimed shoe fetishist, she focuses most of her attention and finances on designer footwear, primarily Manolo Blahnik, though she has been known to wear Christian Louboutin and Jimmy Choo. She often goes on shopping sprees, and pays much attention to her evolving and bold dress style, which is not fettered by professional dress codes.[citation needed] Although her only income is from her freelance weekly newspaper column, she often overspends her limit and maxes out her credit card in a single shopping trip. To some viewers, her lack of shoe-shopping self-control and overall seemingly immature spending might be a flaw,[citation needed]and her money management misadventures follow her through a few episodes. However, her priorities are later brought into perspective when she is forced to buy her once rent-controlled apartment to avoid moving out when the building goes co-op; she acquires a mortgage by supplementing her income with other writing assignments, and takes a sizeable loan from Charlotte in the form of Charlotte's engagement ring to Trey. Her apartment is her home for the entire series and is another source of pride; it is an open-planned studio in an Upper East Side brownstone that is enviable for its stabilized rent, space, large closet, and good location. She eventually purchases back the apartment from Aidan in the fourth season. In later seasons, her essays are collected as a book, and she begins taking assignments from other publications, like Vogue and New York, as well.

tag: p

text: Charlotte York[edit]

text: Charlotte York (born May, 1967), is an art dealer and graduate of Smith College with a wealthy Connecticut blue-blooded upbringing. She is the most conservative and traditional of the group, the one who places the most emphasis on emotional love as opposed to lust, and is always searching for her "knight in shining armor". As the youngest of the group, she is also the most idealistic about romance and love. Presenting a more straightforward attitude about relationships, usually based on "the rules" of love and dating, she often scoffs at the lewder, more libertine antics that the show presents (primarily by way of Samantha), but despite her conservative outlook, she makes concessions (while married) that even surprise her sexually freer girlfriends (such as her level of dirty talk, oral sex in public and "tuchus-lingus"). She gives up her career soon after her first marriage, divorces upon irreconcilable differences around in vitro fertilization and receives a Park Avenue apartment in the divorce settlement. She eventually remarries to her less than perfect, but good-hearted divorce lawyer, Harry Goldenblatt, after converting to Judaism. In the final episode, they adopt a daughter from China, Lily, and in the first movie, Charlotte gives birth to daughter Rose, with Harry proclaiming, "now we have a Lily and a Rose!".

text: Miranda Hobbes[edit]

text: Miranda Hobbes (born July, 1966), is a career-minded lawyer with extremely cynical views on relationships and men. A Harvard University graduate from Philadelphia, she is Carrie's confidante and voice of reason. In the early seasons, she is portrayed as masculine and borderline misandric, but this image softens over the years, particularly after she becomes pregnant by her on again-off again boyfriend, Steve Brady, whom she eventually marries. The birth of her son, Brady, brings up new issues for her type A, workaholic personality, but she soon finds a way to balance career, being single and motherhood. Of the four women, she is the first to purchase an apartment, (an indicator of her success), which she gives up in the final season when she moves into a Brooklyn townhouse to make room for her growing family.

text: Samantha Jones[edit]

text: Samantha Jones (born April 28, 1958), the oldest of the group, is an independent publicist and a seductress who avoids emotional involvement at all costs, while satisfying every possible carnal desire imaginable. She believes that she has had "hundreds" of soulmates and insists that her sexual partners leave "an hour after I climax." In Season 3, she moves from her full-service Upper East Side apartment to an expensive loft in the then-burgeoning Meatpacking District. Over the course of the show, she does have a handful of real relationships, but they are more unconventional than those of her friends, including a lesbian relationship with Brazilian painter played by Sonia Braga.

text: Significant others[edit]

text: Significant others of Carrie Bradshaw[edit]

text: John James Preston (Mr.Big)[edit]

text: Mr Big (Chris Noth) is Carrie's central relationship. They first meet in season one but then have a nasty break up because he doesn't say what she wants to hear ('You're the one'). In season two they start to date again but it, again, ends badly due to Mr Big moving to Paris with work and not telling Carrie until a few days prior. When Big returns, Carrie discovers that, whilst in Paris, he got engaged to a 25-year-old woman named Natasha, whom he later married. In season 3 she meets Aidan Shaw (see below) who she cheats on with Big while he is still with Natasha. The relationship is on and off through all the 6th season and in the final series, Carrie is in Paris with Aleksandr Petrovsky (see below) and Big declares his love for her and chases her down. He finds her in the hotel after her fight with Aleksandr and they go back to NY together. They go on to marry at the end of the first film.

text: Aidan Shaw[edit]

text: Aidan Shaw (John Corbett) is one of Carrie's long-term boyfriends. He is a sweet, good-natured furniture designer and Mr. Big's emotional opposite. At first Carrie questions their seemingly perfect relationship, but over time accepts his sincerity. However, Aidan ends their relationship after her confession of an affair with Big. They get back together six months later at Carrie's urging, eventually moving in together. When her apartment building goes co-op, he buys the apartment and proposes. Despite her initial misgivings, she accepts his marriage proposal but then becomes panicked and feels suffocated by the relationship, and realizes he still does not fully trust her, given her past affair with Big, and they break up for good.

text: Six years later, Carrie runs into Aidan in Abu Dhabi at a market. Aidan is there to buy some samples for his furniture company. They resolve to meet for dinner to catch up. It's revealed that Aidan has married Kathy, a fellow furniture designer and has three sons : Homer, Wyatt, and Tate. In a moment of passion, they kiss. Carrie stops herself and runs away. After this, Aidan is not seen again.

text: Jack Berger[edit]

text: Jack Berger (Ron Livingston) is Carrie's intellectual counterpart, a sardonic humorist writer. Hailing from Downer's Grove, Carrie first meets him when he walks into a meeting between her and her publisher. Theirs is a relationship of witty banter and common thoughts, and honesty.[citation needed] Berger's advice to Miranda when she questions the lack of a phone call after a first date, "He's just not that into you," became a pop culture catchphrase. Berger's and Carrie's relationship is then strained by their career issues; a book deal of his falls through just as her columns are being published as such. He memorably breaks up with her on a Post-It: "I'm sorry, I can't, don't hate me."

text: Aleksandr Petrovsky[edit]

text: Aleksandr Petrovsky (Mikhail Baryshnikov), referred to by Carrie occasionally as "The Russian" or "My Lover" is a famous conceptual artist who becomes Carrie's lover in the final season. He sweeps her off her feet with huge romantic gestures and shows her the foreign pockets of New York that she has never seen before. Her relationship with him brings up all sorts of questions in Carrie's mind about finding love past "a certain age" and whether or not she wants children. When he's preparing to return to Paris for a solo exhibit he invites Carrie to come live with him, which, after several deliberations (and one fight) with her friends, she does. After spending some time with him in Paris, she realizes that he will never reciprocate the level of emotional involvement that she offers because his life and career will always come first. (Casting Baryshnikov as Petrovsky was noteworthy because in real life, Candace Bushnell, the author on whom Bradshaw is based, married real life ballet dancer Charles Askegard of the New York City Ballet.)

text: Significant others of Samantha Jones[edit]

text: James[edit]

text: James (James Goodwin) is a man Samantha meets while out by herself at a jazz club. She makes a conscious effort to not sleep with him until she gets to know him first. When they finally do have sex, she discovers that he is under-endowed to the point that she cannot enjoy herself (his fully erect penis is 3 inches long.) She begins pulling away physically and cannot bring herself to tell him – until she is faced with the prospect of couples counseling.

text: Maria Diega Reyes[edit]

text: Maria Diega Reyes (Sônia Braga) is a Brazilian sensual lesbian artist that Samantha meets at a solo exhibit while admiring her work. Maria is immediately attracted to her, but since Samantha doesn't believe in relationships they try to maintain a friendship. The chemistry proves to be too strong and it isn't too long before Samantha is introducing her lesbian lover to her stunned friends. At first, Samantha has a great time "getting an education" as Maria teaches her about lesbian sex and how to make an emotional connection while making love. Unfortunately, Samantha begins to grow uncomfortable when the relationship talk starts to replace the sexual activity and Maria is equally uncomfortable with Samantha's sexual history, and they separate.

text: Richard Wright[edit]

text: Richard Wright (James Remar) is a successful hotel magnate who doesn't believe in monogamy until he meets Samantha. He seduces her, and when their no-strings-attached sexual relationship begins to escalate, both parties struggle to keep their emotional distance. Eventually, they give in and attempt exclusivity, but Samantha becomes suspicious that he is cheating on her. When she does catch him cheating, after putting on a wig and spying on him, she breaks up with him, but eventually takes him back after he begs for her forgiveness. In the end, Samantha still has her doubts about his fidelity, and she breaks up with him, saying "I love you Richard, but I love me more." Towards the end of the series, Richard re-surfaces, admitting that Samantha was the best thing that ever happened to him. But after having sex with him again, she realizes how empty his emotions are and she rejects him for Smith Jerrod.

text: Smith Jerrod[edit]

text: Jerry Jerrod/Smith Jerrod (Jason Lewis) is a young waiter Samantha seduces in a trendy restaurant called "Raw." She tries to maintain her usual sex-only relationship with him, but he slowly pushes for something more. He is a wannabe actor whose career Samantha jump starts using her PR connections (including changing his name from "Jerry Jerrod" to "Smith Jerrod"), getting him a modeling job that turns into a film role. Just when she thinks Smith's age and experiences aren't enough for her, he gives her unconditional support during her fight with breast cancer. In the final episode, Smith flies back from a film set in Canada just to tell her that he loves her, which she counters with "You have meant more to me than any man I've ever known," which, for Samantha, is a far greater statement.

text: Significant others of Charlotte York[edit]

text: Trey MacDougal[edit]

text: Dr. Trey MacDougal (Kyle MacLachlan) is Charlotte's knight in shining armour archetype. It was a fairytale beginning when Trey's cab screeched to a stop in the street to avoid hitting her as she was fleeing a bad date. Charlotte was a damsel in distress, he, a knight in a yellow cab.

text: Trey is a Park Avenue cardiologist with blue blood and deep brown eyes. With his pedigree comes social status, a country house and lots of money. Add to that chiseled chin his perfectly coiffed hair and he is the stuff that dreams (especially Charlotte's) are made of. He also has exceptional manners and is always considerate in an old-fashioned way. However, despite Trey being exactly the perfect model of what Charlotte looks for in a husband, she finds the reality to be quite different. While on the surface, Trey seems Charlotte's perfect match, behind closed doors the couple faces some real-life problems: Trey is impotent, and his overbearing mother tries to maintain her power over Trey and drive a wedge between the married couple. They try to work things out, and do succeed in conquering his sexual dysfunctions. But when they start to have problems conceiving, Trey ultimately becomes too overwhelmed. On the day when Charlotte succeeds in projecting the ultimate in connubial bliss—a photo spread in a magazine featuring her Park Avenue apartment—she and Trey split up and he moves back in with his mother.

text: Harry Goldenblatt[edit]

text: Harry Goldenblatt (Evan Handler) is Charlotte's divorce lawyer and second love, helping bring an end to her marriage to Trey. When beginning divorce proceedings, she found herself unable to be cold-blooded and severe around her extremely attractive lawyer, so she asks to switch to a different lawyer in the same firm: Harry Goldenblatt, the antithesis of what she seeks in a man. He was bald, pudgy, messy, sweaty, crude, had poor manners, and had an excess of body hair. But Harry was very attracted to Charlotte, and seduced her. She declared it "the best sex of my life" and began what she thought to be a meaningless sexual affair with him. However, she began falling for him. Initially, she tried to change him to suit her image of what a man should be, but ultimately she accepted him as he was and the two were married.

text: Significant others of Miranda Hobbes[edit]

text: Skipper Johnston[edit]

text: Skipper Johnston (Ben Weber) is a geeky, sensitive twenty-something web designer whom Carrie introduces to Miranda. From the moment they meet, Skipper is enamored of her, but Miranda is unimpressed and irritated by him, calling him "Skippy". They date for a short time, before Miranda breaks up with him due to their "being in different places".

text: Steve Brady[edit]

text: Robert Leeds[edit]

text: Dr. Robert Leeds (Blair Underwood) is a sports medicine doctor who moves into Miranda's building during season six. He is the seemingly perfect man: successful, sexy, attentive to Brady, and utterly devoted to her. Robert and Miranda have lots of fun and great chemistry, but when the time comes she is unable to declare her love for him, in part because she still loves Steve.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Stanford Blatch[edit]

text: Stanford Blatch (Willie Garson), often referred to as the show's "Fifth Lady," is Carrie's best friend outside of the three women. A gay talent agent from an aristocratic family with a sense of style paralleled only by Carrie's, viewers receive the impression that they have a long-standing relationship built within their younger, wilder days in the New York City club and bar scene in the 1980s. He had said that they have been friends since Carrie was riding the subways and wearing Candie's. The only supporting character to receive his own storylines on occasion, Stanford represents the show's most constant gay point of view to sex on the show, generally based around the physical insecurities and inadequacies of someone who does not "have that gay look." In the last two seasons of the show, he is partnered with Broadway dancer Marcus Adente (Sean Palmer). We are led to believe this relationship does not last, however, as in the film he arrives at a New Year's party alone and has no one else to kiss except long-time rival Anthony Marentino, whom he weds in the sequel.

text: Anthony Marentino[edit]

text: Anthony Marentino (Mario Cantone) is a Sicilian-American event planner who becomes close to Charlotte after styling her first wedding — he goes on to style Charlotte's H&G photo shoot, her second wedding and Carrie's book release party. He is not self-effacing like Stanford and freely doles out blunt, sometimes bawdy, advice to Charlotte. (For instance: Upon hearing that she hadn't had sex since her divorce, he exclaims: "If you don't put something 'in there' soon, it'll grow over!"). In Season 4, Episode 2, Charlotte tries to set up Anthony and Stanford. Anthony snubs Stanford, which results in resentment and competition ensues for the entire show run. However, in the first film, the two are seen kissing at a New Year's Eve party, and then get married in the sequel, with Anthony proclaiming at their wedding that Stanford is "the first man to accept me for the man that I actually am."

text: Magda[edit]

text: Magda (Lynn Cohen), the Ukrainian housekeeper/nanny who was introduced in the third season becomes an ersatz mother figure and a thorn in Miranda's side. Her attempts to push traditional marriage/motherhood attitudes on Miranda are both subtle (buying her a rolling pin "To make pies. It's good for a woman to make pies.") and intrusive (replacing her vibrator with a statuette of The Virgin Mary). She is friendly to Steve even before he and Miranda are back together, and adores Brady to the point of making a collage of his pictures. Magda comes to accept Miranda's lifestyle choices and continues working for Miranda, even when she and Steve move to Brooklyn. Although Miranda is reluctant to accept help, Magda makes life manageable for Miranda after the birth of Brady by serving as both a housekeeper and a nanny.

text: Bitsy von Muffling[edit]

text: During the last episode of Season 5, the girls meet aging socialite Bitsy von Muffling (Julie Halston) right before and during her Hamptons wedding to flamboyant, and presumably gay, cabaret entertainer Bobby Fine (Nathan Lane). We see her again in the middle of Season 6 pregnant with Bobby's baby. She advises Charlotte, who's also had trouble becoming pregnant, to try acupuncture like she did. In the movie, we do see a brief reappearance of Bitsy, seated halfway down the table (right next to Stanford) during the dinner party.

text: Cameos[edit]

text: As Sex and the City gained popularity, a number of celebrities had cameo appearances on the show, some playing themselves and some playing characters. These include the following:

text:
La La Anthony as herself in "The Post-it Always Sticks Twice"
Will Arnett as Jack in "La Douleur Exquise!"
Kevyn Aucoin as himself in "The Real Me"
Candice Bergen as Enid Mead/Enid Frick in "A 'Vogue' Idea", "Plus One is the Loneliest Number" and "Splat!"
Jon Bon Jovi as Seth in "Games People Play"
Carole Bouquet as Juliette in "An American Girl in Paris, Part Deux"
Bobby Cannavale as Adam Ball in "Easy Come, Easy Go"
Cécile Cassel as Chloe in "An American Girl in Paris, Part Une"
Margaret Cho as Lynn Cameron in "The Real Me"
Jennifer Coolidge as Victoria in "The Perfect Present"
Bradley Cooper as Jake in "They Shoot Single People Don't They?"
Alan Cumming as O in "The Real Me"
Miley Cyrus as herself in Sex and the City 2
Kat Dennings as Jenny Brier in "Hot Child In The City"
Anthony DeSando as Siddhartha in "The Drought"
David Duchovny as Jeremy in "Boy, Interrupted"
Linda Evangelista as Saleswoman in "A Woman's Right to Shoes"
Carrie Fisher as herself in "Sex and Another City"
Dan Futterman as Stephan in "Evolution"
Sarah Michelle Gellar as Debbie in "Escape from New York"
Heather Graham as herself in "Critical Condition"
Tony Hale as Tiger in "The Real Me"
Geri Halliwell as Phoebe in "Boy, Interrupted"
Hugh Hefner as himself in "Sex and Another City"
Kristen Johnston as Lexi Featherston in "Splat!"
Michael Patrick King as Mental Patient in "Boy, Interrupted"
Heidi Klum as herself in "The Real Me"
Ed Koch as himself in "The Real Me"
Nathan Lane as Bobby Fine in "I Love a Charade"
Lucy Liu as herself in "Coulda, Woulda, Shoulda"
Matthew McConaughey as himself in "Escape from New York"
Liza Minnelli as herself in Sex and the City 2
Isaac Mizrahi as himself in "Plus One is the Loneliest Number"
Alanis Morissette as Dawn in "Boy, Girl, Boy, Girl..."
Matthew Morrison as Young Busboy in "They Shoot Single People, Don't They?"
Kelli O'Hara as wedding guest in Sex and the City 2
Timothy Olyphant as Sam in "Valley of the Twenty-Something Guys"
Tatum O'Neal as Kyra in "A Woman's Right to Shoes"
Carrie Preston as Madeline Dunn in "The Chicken Dance"
Ron Rifkin as Julian in "A 'Vogue' Idea"
Amy Sedaris as Courteney Masterson in "Unoriginal Sin", "Cover Girl", "Plus One is the Loneliest Number" and "Pick-a-Little, Talk-a-Little".
Molly Shannon as Lily Martin in "Unoriginal Sin", "Cover Girl", and "The Big Journey"
Wallace Shawn as Martin Grable in "Splat!"
Michael Showalter as Billy in "The Post-it Always Sticks Twice"
John Slattery as Bill Kelley in "Where There's Smoke..." and "Politically Erect"
Julia Sweeney as Nun in "Catch-38"
Chris Tardio as Matt in "Boy, Girl, Boy, Girl..."
Justin Theroux as Jared in "The Monogamists" and Vaughn Wysel in "Shortcomings"
Donald Trump as himself in "The Man, The Myth, The Viagra"
Tamara Tunie as Eileen in "The Cheating Curve"
Vince Vaughn as Keith Travers in "Sex and Another City"
Chandra Wilson as police officer in "Anchors Away"

tag: ul

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Sex and the City by Candace Bushnell

Episodes

Season 1
2
3
4
5
6 ("To Market, to Market")

Characters

Carrie Bradshaw
Samantha Jones
Charlotte York Goldenblatt
Miranda Hobbes
John James "Mr. Big" Preston
Steve Brady

Films

Sex and the City

soundtrack

Sex and the City 2

Miscellaneous

Book
Sex and the City: Music from the HBO Series
The Carrie Diaries

episodes
1
2

Accolades

tag: table

text: Lists of American comedy-drama television series charactersLists of American sitcom television charactersLists of romance television charactersSex and the City characters

text: All articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from August 2013


document_title: Anne of Green Gables (1985 film)

question_text: where did they film anne of green gables

text: Anne of Green Gables (1985 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: 13-year-old orphan Anne Shirley is living in servitude with the cruel Hammond family in Nova Scotia. However, when Mr. Hammond dies, Anne is sent to an orphanage where she eventually receives the wonderful news that she has been adopted by a couple on Prince Edward Island (P.E.I). Upon arriving in P.E.I, Anne is met at the train station by the elderly Matthew Cuthbert who is surprised to find a girl there instead of a boy.

text: Matthew and his sister Marilla had requested a boy to help them with the farm chores. He decides that he couldn’t very well just leave the girl at the train station. Matthew takes Anne to meet Marilla and on the buggy ride home becomes completely smitten with the red-haired orphan girl.

text: When Anne Shirley arrives at the Cuthberts' farm, called "Green Gables", she is a precocious, romantic child desperate to be loved and highly sensitive about her red hair and homely looks. In her own unique headstrong manner, Anne manages to insult the town gossip, Rachel Lynde, in a dispute over her looks; smash her slate over Gilbert Blythe’s head when he calls her "Carrots" on her first day of school; and accidentally dyes her hair green in an effort to turn her red hair black and salvage her wounded pride.

text: Marilla Cuthbert is shocked and beside herself to know how she will ever cope with this sensitive, headstrong child so desperate to fit in. But shy, gentle Matthew is always there to defend Anne and hold her up on a pedestal.

text: It seems like Anne is destined to cultivate disaster. She becomes "bosom" friends with Diana Barry from across the pond and succeeds in getting Diana drunk by accidentally serving currant wine instead of raspberry cordial at a tea party. Diana’s mother and Rachel Lynde turn on Marilla for making wine in the first place. Anne moves from one mishap to the next as her wild imagination and far-fetched antics combine to constantly land her in trouble.

text: Anne finds her element in the academic world, ultimately competing neck and neck with Gilbert Blythe who becomes her arch opponent. Anne and Gilbert go on to win the highest academic accolades, constantly vying for honors at every level. Eventually their fierce rivalry turns to a secret affection, which blossoms into love.

text: Marilla tries to prevent Anne from seeing Gilbert because Anne is still quite young and Marilla wants Anne to continue her education. In the end, however, when Matthew dies and forces Marilla into considering selling Green Gables, Gilbert gives Anne his teaching post in nearby Avonlea so she can stay at Green Gables and continue to support Marilla.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Megan Follows – Anne Shirley
Colleen Dewhurst – Marilla Cuthbert
Richard Farnsworth – Matthew Cuthbert
Patricia Hamilton – Rachel Lynde
Marilyn Lightstone – Miss Stacy
Schuyler Grant – Diana Barry
Jonathan Crombie – Gilbert Blythe
Charmion King – Aunt Josephine Barry
Jackie Burroughs – Amelia Evans
Rosemary Radcliffe – Mrs. Barry
Joachim Hansen – John Sadler
Christiane Kruger – Mrs. Allan
Cedric Smith – Rev. Allan
Paul Brown – Mr. Phillips
Miranda de Pencier – Josie Pye
Trish Nettleton – Jane Andrews
Jennifer Inch – Ruby Gillis
Jayne Eastwood – Mrs. Hammond
Dawn Greenhalgh – Mrs. Cadbury
Jack Mather – Station Master
Samantha Langevin – Mrs. Blewett
Vivian Reis – Mrs. Spencer

Mag Ruffman – Alice Lawson
Sean McCann – Dr. O'Reilly
Roxolana Roslak – Madame Selitsky
Robert Haley – Professor
Robert Collins – Mr. Barry
Morgan Chapman – Minne May Barry
David Roberts – Tom
Nancy Beatty – Essie
David Hughes – Thomas Lynde
Wendy Lyon – Prissy Andrews
Zack Ward – Moody Spurgeon MacPherson
Anna Ferguson – Punch Woman
Rex Southgate – Section Head
Julianna Saxton – Pink Woman
Molly Thom – Lace Woman
Jennifer Irwin – Student
Sandra Scott – Mrs. Harrington
Peter Sturgess – Porter
Ray Ireland – Mr. Hammond
Martha Maloney – Fairview Nurse
Stuart Hamilton – Mme. Selitsky's Accompanist

text: Production[edit]

text: Kevin Sullivan adapted the novel into his own screenplay, collaborating with industry veteran Joe Wiesenfeld. Sullivan developed a co-production between the CBC and PBS in order to film Anne of Green Gables. Sullivan amalgamated many of Montgomery’s episodes into the film's plot. While the film diverged from Montgomery’s original, he relied on strong characterizations and visuals in order to render the story for a contemporary audience.

text: Primary locations for filming the movie included Prince Edward Island, Stouffville, Ontario, Jacksons Point, Ontario, and Westfield Heritage Village in the Hamilton, Ontario neighbourhood of Rockton. Filming was done over a consecutive ten-week shoot. Sullivan used several locations as Green Gables farm and combined them to appear as one property.

text: The original film and sequels (including Road to Avonlea and the animated Anne films and series covering over 130 hours of production) have been seen in almost every country around the world. The films have now been translated and seen in more places than even the original novels.

text: During filming of the original movies an open casting call was held throughout Canada in order to find a young actress to play Anne Shirley. Katharine Hepburn recommended that her great niece, Schuyler Grant, play the role of Anne Shirley. Director Kevin Sullivan liked Grant’s performance and wanted to give her the role. However, broadcast executives were resistant to cast an American as a Canadian icon. Schuyler Grant ended up playing Anne’s best friend, Diana, and Anne Shirley was ultimately played by Megan Follows.

text: In her first audition, Megan Follows came highly recommended. But, she was quickly dismissed by Kevin Sullivan. For her second audition, after a turbulent morning leading up to her audition, a frantic Megan made a much better impression and was given the role.[1]

text: Sequels and spin-off TV series[edit]

text: Film series[edit]

text: Anne of Green Gables is the first film in a series of four based on the titular character. In 1987, the film's sequel, Anne of Avonlea, was released. (It was subsequently retitled Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel on home video.) The final movie, Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story, was aired on March 5, 2000 in Canada and on July 23, 2000 in the United States. The final film passed over Anne's House of Dreams – the corresponding Anne novel – in favor of a plot not featured in Montgomery's series, and did not receive the same critical praise as the first two films. In 2008, the fourth in the series, titled Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning was completed. The film stars Barbara Hershey, Shirley MacLaine, and Rachel Blanchard and it introduces Hannah Endicott Douglas as the new Anne Shirley. The film is both a sequel and a prequel to Sullivan's trilogy.

text: TV series[edit]

text: The first two Anne films generated a spin-off television series which aired from 1989 to 1996 and starred Sarah Polley. The Road to Avonlea series featured characters and episodes from several of Montgomery's books. Anne herself did not appear in the episodes, but Gilbert Blythe, Marilla Cuthbert, and other characters from the Anne books were included.

text: Other productions[edit]

text: In 2000 – 2001, Sullivan Animation produced Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series consisting of 26 half-hour episodes. The series was developed for PBS and each episode contained an educational and/or moral component. In 2005, Sullivan Animation also produced the feature-length animated film Anne: Journey to Green Gables which is an imaginative, whimsical prequel to Sullivan's live action Anne of Green Gables film.

text: A year after the mini-series originally aired, Canadian comedy duo Wayne and Shuster created and starred in a parody entitled Sam of Green Gables, in which a curmudgeonly old man named Sam is sent to Green Gables instead of Anne.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The film swept the 1986 Gemini Awards, winning the following:

text:
Best Dramatic Miniseries
Best Actress in a Single Dramatic Program or Miniseries: Megan Follows
Best Supporting Actor: Richard Farnsworth
Best Supporting Actress: Colleen Dewhurst
Best Writing (TV Adaptation): Kevin Sullivan and Joe Wiesenfeld
Best Music Composition: Hagood Hardy
Best Costume Design: Martha Mann
Best Photography: René Ohashi
Best Production Design/Art Direction: Carol Spier
Most Popular Program

text: The film was also nominated for Best Direction in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series and Best Picture Editing in a Dramatic Program or Series.

text: The series also won an Emmy Award in 1986, for Outstanding Children's Program.

text: Other Awards

text:
Peabody Award – to Kevin Sullivan for Outstanding Contribution to Broadcasting in the United States, 1986
Prix Jeunesse: Best Drama, 1988 (Germany)
TV Guide Award: Most Popular Program, 1986
Grand Award – International Film and Television, New York
Emily Award – American Film and Video Festival, 1986
Macleans Medal of Merit – Macleans Magazine, 1986
Chris Award – Columbus International Film Festival, 1986
Silver Hugo Award – Chicago International Film Festival, 1986
International TV Movie Festival: Nomination for Movie of the Year, 1986
American TV Critics Award: Best Drama, 1986
Grant Award: Best TV Program, Houston International Film Festival, 1987
Golden Gate Award – San Francisco Film Festival, 1986
CRTA Award: Outstanding Personal Achievement in TV, 1986
Ohio State Award – Performing Arts and Humanities Award, 1987
First Prize – Odyssey Institute Media Award, 1987
The Ruby Slipper: Best Television Special, 1987
Parents Choice Award – Parents Choice for TV Programmings, 1987
Excellence in Programming – Award from Association of Catholic Communications in Canada, 1987
Golden Apple Award – Best of National Educational Film and Video Festival, 1987

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Anne of Green Gables series was released on DVD in a collector's edition set on February 5, 2008 in the U.S., April 29, 2008 in Canada and Japan and on September 22, 2010 in Hungary. The set is the most comprehensive edition of all three movies ever released. In addition to the series, it also includes several DVD extras such as feature length commentary from director Kevin Sullivan and Stefan Scaini, 2 New Documentaries: L.M. Montgomery's Island and Kevin Sullivan's Classic featuring new cast and crew interviews, missing scenes, lost footage and a condensed, 10-minute version of the missing "Road to Avonlea" episode "Marilla Cuthbert's Death".

text: In 2016, Sullivan Entertainment announced it would launch their own streaming service called Gazebo TV. It will feature the Anne of Green Gables series among other titles produced by the company. It is slated to launch in early 2017.[2]

text: Lawsuits[edit]

text: In 1908 Lucy Maude Montgomery signed a contract with the LC Page Co. in Boston that permitted them to publish all of her books for 5 years on the same terms: the main terms were a 10% royalty and world rights to all of the author's books;part it also included the right to publish all of her future works. The relationship with Pageant actually spanned nearly ten years and resulted in the publication of nine novels and collections of short stories. However, when Montgomery contracted with a Canadian publisher (McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart), LC Page claimed that they had the exclusive rights to her new books and threatened to sue her. Montgomery instead took LC Page to court to recover withheld royalties.[3]

text: The lawsuit resulted in a settlement in 1919 whereby LC Page bought out all of Montgomery's rights to all of her novels published by them. The settlement excluded any reversionary rights that might become due for the benefit of either her or her heirs if such rights were to become enacted.[4][5] The settlement paid Montgomery a flat sum of $18,000; at the time an amount she would have expected to see earned from her works during her lifetime.[3]

text: Sullivan purchased dramatic rights from the Montgomery's heirs in 1984, believing that they owned reversionary rights that had come into place as a result of changes to the copyright act subsequent to Montgomery's death.[6]

text: After Sullivan's films were successful around the world and brought legions of tourists to Prince Edward Island the Montgomery heirs established an Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority with the Province of Prince Edward Island to control trademarks to preserve Montgomery's works, through the mechanism of official trademarks.[3][7] The heirs and the AGGLA became successful at asserting control over the booming Anne-themed tourist industry that the province enjoyed, because of the lack of clarity about the different protections afforded by copyright, trademark and official marks in Canada.[7]

text: AGGLA and the heirs tried to assert control over trademarks Sullivan had established to their various Anne movies (Anne of Green Gables, Anne of Avonlea, Anne of Green Gables—the Continuing Story) and Road to Avonlea properties both in Canada, the US and Japan.[7]

text: A Japanese court then determined that the heirs were not entitled to the reversionary rights that they claimed they had sold to Sullivan and that the AGGLA was set up for pursuing private interests and not for serving public interests such as maintaining or managing the value, fame or reputation of the literary work, the author or even the main character of Anne. The Court determined that the AGGLA was the heirs' private profit-seeking enterprise as far as its activities were concerned.[4][5]

text: Sullivan and the heirs came into further conflict during the 1990s. Sullivan was sued by the heirs. Their contractual agreement with Sullivan said that he would pay them a flat $425,000 (CAD) fee for the right to adapt the first book (and another $100,000 to do the second movie, Anne of Avonlea), plus 10% of the profits of Anne 1 and 5% of the profits of Anne 2. The contract also gave them the right to examine Sullivan Entertainment's financial records. However, when Sullivan claimed that neither of the movies had earned a net profit and (the heirs assert) refused to allow them to audit his books[citation needed], they served a claim against him.[8][9] Sullivan argued that the heirs and the AGGLA had enjoined the films by usurping the Sullivan trademarks and drastically reduced the profitability of the ventures.[7][9] The heirs staged a press conference in 1998 at exactly the time when Sullivan was about to close a public offering to take his company public, to force Sullivan to pay them further receipts. The offering however was pulled by the underwriters and Sullivan counter-sued for libel, insisting that the heirs should pay damages of $55 million to all parties involved.[8][9] A Superior Court of Ontario judge dismissed his suit on January 19, 2004.[10][11][12] The Montgomery heirs subsequently dropped their claim for Sullivan to pay them any royalties however a settlement between Sullivan, the Montgomery heirs and the AGGLA was reached in 2006 to deal with all of their outstanding disagreements.[5] Although Kevin Sullivan's works were initially based upon the works of Montgomery, Sullivan developed most of his successful Anne-related film properties (Anne of Avonlea, Anne -the Continuing Story, Anne – A New Beginning and Road to Avonlea) based on original material, not directly adapted from Montgomery's books.[3] Many questions have been raised in court as to the author’s heirs’ rights in her copyright. The heirs have tried to extend the copyright in Montgomery's unpublished works until 2017 but lost that opportunity in 2004 when the Canadian Parliament rejected the provision they had pursued so ardently for the unpublished works of dead authors.[13] In a Japanese court decision which addressed the heir’s challenge to the validity of Sullivan’s ownership of Japanese trademark’s in the movie property, the Japanese High Court commented on the heirs' entitlement to reversionary copyright which formed the basis of the rights that the family claimed to have sold to Sullivan. The Court stated that the heirs' reversionary copyright was non-existent and that there was no need for Sullivan or any other entity to account to the heirs for the use of the trademark in Japan.[4][5]

text: The Court stated: "It is not clear from a legal point of view why permission from the heirs of the author or its related entity the Anne of Green Gables Licensing (AGGLA) authority was necessary."[4]

text: The Japanese Court also extensively scrutinized whether the copyright in the book Anne of Green Gables had ever devolved to the heirs and called for extensive filing of evidence on this point. Sullivan filed an original 1919 agreement between Montgomery and L.C. Page & Co. which specifically excluded the heirs’ reversionary claims. Montgomery sold all of her publishing and copyright to her series of novels, in perpetuity, to her original American publisher in 1919, to the exclusion of her heirs.[4][5]

text: The Court further questioned whether the heirs' licensing authority was engaged in activities of sufficient public interest as to qualify as a controlling body of Montgomery's works. The Court stated: "...the possibility cannot be denied that the Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority is the heirs' private profit-seeking enterprise as far as the activities with which the heirs of the subject case are involved are concerned. It is not proved from the evidence submitted in the subject case that the Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority is involved in activities of public interest that are sufficient for the Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority to be qualified as the owner of the registration of the subject mark as a controlling body of the subject literary work."[4][5]

text: Trademark and copyright[edit]

text: After recent speculation as to who owned the copyrights and trademarks concerning Anne of Green Gables today, there are principally two entities that control rights relating to Anne of Green Gables. The Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority (AGGLA – which includes Lucy Maude Montgomery’s heirs and the Province of Prince Edward Island)[14] and Sullivan Entertainment (the producers of the well-known films and TV series based on Montgomery’s novels).[15]

text: The Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority controls certain exclusive trademarks relating to Anne of Green Gables commercial merchandise and service related to Montgomery's literary works and any copyright in the Montgomery books which have not reverted to the public domain.[14]

text: Sullivan Entertainment Inc, under agreement with the Anne of Green Gables Licensing Authority, retains all of the dramatic copyright and motion picture copyright in over 125 hours of their original movies, mini-series and television series based on both the Anne and Avonlea series of novels and certain trade-marks relating to Sullivan sourced Anne of Green Gables merchandise and services. Sullivan's use of the Anne of Green Gables trademarks extends from motion picture products and books, DVDs, CDs etc. to all commercial merchandise related to Sullivan’s films and television series based on their visual images, costume and production designs, settings, themes and original characters. Sullivan Entertainment also solely controls the commercial trademarks to Anne of Avonlea, Anne of the Island, and Road to Avonlea.[16]


document_title: Forbes' list of world's highest-paid athletes

question_text: who are the 10 highest paid athletes in the world

text: 2017 list[edit]

text: The 2017 list:[1]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$93 million
$58 million
$35 million

2
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$86.2 million
$31.2 million
$55 million

3
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$80 million
$53 million
$27 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$64 million
$6 million
$58 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$60.6 million
$26.6 million
$34 million

6
Andrew Luck
American football
 United States
$50 million
$47 million
$3 million

6
Rory McIlroy
Golf
 Northern Ireland
$50 million
$16 million
$34 million

8
Stephen Curry
Basketball
 United States
$47.3 million
$12.3 million
$35 million

9
James Harden
Basketball
 United States
$46.6 million
$26.6 million
$20 million

10
Lewis Hamilton
Auto racing
 England
$46 million
$38 million
$8 million

text: 2016 list[edit]

text: The 2016 list:[2]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$88 million
$56 million
$32 million

2
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$81.4 million
$53.4 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$77.2 million
$23.2 million
$54 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67.8 million
$7.8 million
$60 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$56.2 million
$20.2 million
$36 million

6
Novak Djokovic
Tennis
 Serbia
$55.8 million
$21.8 million
$34 million

7
Cam Newton
American football
 United States
$53.1 million
$41.1 million
$12 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$52.9 million
$2.9 million
$50 million

9
Jordan Spieth
Golf
 United States
$52.8 million
$20.8 million
$32 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$50 million
$25 million
$25 million

text: 2015 list[edit]

text: The 2015 list was released on 10 June 2015.[3]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$300 million
$285 million
$15 million

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$160 million
$148 million
$12 million

3
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$79.6 million
$52.6 million
$27 million

4
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$73.8 million
$51.8 million
$22 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67 million
$9 million
$58 million

6
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$64.8 million
$20.8 million
$44 million

7
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$54.1 million
$19.1 million
$35 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$50.8 million
$2.8 million
$48 million

9
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$50.6 million
$0.6 million
$50 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$49.5 million
$23.5 million
$26 million

text: 2014 list[edit]

text: The 2014 list was released on 11 June 2014.[4]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$105 million
$105 million
$0

2
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$80 million
$52 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$72.3 million
$19.3 million
$53 million

4
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$64.7 million
$41.7 million
$23 million

5
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.5 million
$30.5 million
$31 million

6
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$61.2 million
$6.2 million
$55 million

7
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$56.2 million
$4.2 million
$52 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$53.2 million
$5.2 million
$48 million

9
Rafael Nadal
Tennis
 Spain
$44.5 million
$14.5 million
$30 million

10
Matt Ryan
American football
 United States
$43.8 million
$42 million
$1.8 million

text: 2013 list[edit]

text: The 2013 list was released on 5 June 2013.[5]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$78.1 million
$13.1 million
$65 million

2
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$71.5 million
$6.5 million
$65 million

3
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.9 million
$27.9 million
$34 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$59.8 million
$17.8 million
$42 million

5
Drew Brees
American football
 United States
$51 million
$40 million
$11 million

6
Aaron Rodgers
American football
 United States
$49 million
$43 million
$6 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$48.7 million
$4.7 million
$44 million

8
David Beckham
Football
 England
$47.2 million
$5.2 million
$42 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$44 million
$23 million
$21 million

10
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$41.3 million
$20.3 million
$21 million

text: 2012 list[edit]

text: The 2012 list was released on 18 June 2012.[6]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nationality
Total earnings
Salary/winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$85 million
$85 million
$0

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$62 million
$56 million
$6 million

3
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$59.4 million
$4.4 million
$55 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$53 million
$13 million
$40 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$52.7 million
$7.7 million
$45 million

6
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$52.3 million
$20.3 million
$32 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$47.8 million
$4.8 million
$43 million

8
David Beckham
Football
 England
$46 million
$9 million
$37 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$42.5 million
$20.5 million
$22 million

10
Peyton Manning
American football
 United States
$42.4 million
$32.4 million
$10 million


document_title: Lehigh River

question_text: where do the delaware and lehigh rivers meet

text: Lehigh River

text: Course[edit]

text: The river flows in a highly winding course through valleys between ridges of the Appalachian Mountains. Its upper course is characterized by numerous whitewater rapids and supports a broad range of recreational pursuits including whitewater rafting, kayaking and canoeing. Its lower course forms the heart of the Lehigh Valley, a historically important anthracite coal and steel-producing region of Pennsylvania.

text: The river rises in the Pocono Mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania, in several ponds in Lehigh Township, Wayne County, approximately 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Scranton. It flows initially southwest, through southern Lackawanna County, through Francis E. Walter Reservoir. Near White Haven it turns south, following a zigzag whitewater course through Lehigh Gorge State Park to Jim Thorpe, then southeast, past Lehighton. Southeast of Lehighton, it passes through Blue Mountain in a narrow opening called the Lehigh Gap.

text: From the Lehigh Gap, the river flows southeast to Allentown, where it is joined by Little Lehigh Creek, then northeast past Bethlehem, where it joins the Delaware River in Easton, along Pennsylvania's border with New Jersey.

text: The PA Gazetteer of Streams shows that the Lehigh River begins as the outflow of Pocono Peak Lake. Flowing south from the south end of the lake (a natural but dammed body of water) it turns west after a mile and receives water from many lakes and ponds as it flows past the borough of Gouldsboro.

text: Fishing[edit]

text: The Lehigh River holds many species of fish, such as trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, pickerel, panfish, carp, catfish and muskellunge (muskie). Trout, both rainbow and brown in the 18"-20" range are average while some have been caught into the mid to upper 20" range. Smallmouth bass are large in numbers but are of smaller size with most between 8"-14" with an occasional fish from the 18"-21" range. There is an increasing number of muskie being reported within the 30"-52" range. There are both pure and tiger muskie, the usually sterile, hybrid offspring of the true muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) and the northern pike (Esox lucius) being caught in the river.

text: White Water Boating[edit]

text: The Lehigh River is a white water river with Class I, II, and III rapids. The most popular section of the Lehigh River for white water rafting, kayaking, and canoeing is through the Lehigh Gorge State Park.[2] The Lehigh Gorge State Park begins at the Francis E. Walter Dam and ends in the town of Jim Thorpe, PA. Several white water outfitters operate guided white water rafting trips in various sections of the river. The first rafting outfitter on the Lehigh River was Whitewater Challengers, which was founded in 1975. Water releases from the Francis E. Walter Dam provide enough water to make the river deep enough for boating. Three popular boating trips on the Lehigh River are:[2]

text:
White Haven to Rockport – 8.7 miles
Rockport to Glen Onoko – 12.2 miles
White Haven to Glen Onoko – 20.9 miles