document_title: Season

question_text: if you live in the southern hemisphere what season do you have in august

text: Season

text: Causes and effects[edit]

text: Axial tilt[edit]

text: The seasons result from the Earth's axis of rotation being tilted with respect to its orbital plane by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees.[5] (This tilt is also known as "obliquity of the ecliptic".)

text: Regardless of the time of year, the northern and southern hemispheres always experience opposite seasons. This is because during summer or winter, one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the Sun (see Fig. 1) than the other, and this exposure alternates as the Earth revolves in its orbit. For approximately half of the year (from around March 20 to around September 22), the Northern Hemisphere tips toward the Sun, with the maximum amount occurring on about June 21. For the other half of the year, the same happens, but in the Southern Hemisphere instead of the Northern, with the maximum around December 21. The two instants when the Sun is directly overhead at the Equator are the equinoxes. Also at that moment, both the North Pole and the South Pole of the Earth are just on the terminator, and hence day and night are equally divided between the two hemispheres. Around the March equinox, the Northern Hemisphere will be experiencing spring as the hours of daylight increase, and the Southern Hemisphere is experiencing autumn as daylight hours shorten.

text: The effect of axial tilt is observable as the change in day length and altitude of the Sun at solar noon (the Sun's culmination) during the year. The low angle of Sun during the winter months means that incoming rays of solar radiation are spread over a larger area of the Earth's surface, so the light received is more indirect and of lower intensity. Between this effect and the shorter daylight hours, the axial tilt of the Earth accounts for most of the seasonal variation in climate in both hemispheres.

text:
Illumination of Earth by Sun at the northern solstice.

Illumination of Earth by Sun at the southern solstice.

Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the north. Far right: southern solstice

Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the south. Far left: northern solstice

Play media

Animation of Earth as seen daily from the Sun looking at UTC+02:00, showing the solstice and changing seasons.

Two images showing the amount of reflected sunlight at southern and northern summer solstices respectively (watts / m²).

text: Elliptical Earth orbit[edit]

text: Compared to axial tilt, other factors contribute little to seasonal temperature changes. The seasons are not the result of the variation in Earth's distance to the Sun because of its elliptical orbit.[6] In fact, Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the Sun) in January, and it reaches aphelion (the point farthest from the Sun) in July, so the slight contribution of orbital eccentricity opposes the temperature trends of the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere.[7] In general, the effect of orbital eccentricity on Earth's seasons is a 7% variation in sunlight received.

text:
Orbital eccentricity can influence temperatures, but on Earth, this effect is small and is more than counteracted by other factors; research shows that the Earth as a whole is actually slightly warmer when farther from the sun. This is because the Northern Hemisphere has more land than the Southern, and land warms more readily than sea.[7]
Any noticeable intensification of southern winters and summers due to Earth's elliptical orbit is mitigated by the abundance of water in the Southern Hemisphere.[8]

text: Maritime and hemispheric[edit]

text: Seasonal weather fluctuations (changes) also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans or other large bodies of water, currents in those oceans, El Niño/ENSO and other oceanic cycles, and prevailing winds.

text: In the temperate and polar regions, seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight, which in turn often causes cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals. These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water. For example, the South Pole is in the middle of the continent of Antarctica and therefore a considerable distance from the moderating influence of the southern oceans. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water. The result is that the South Pole is consistently colder during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter.

text: The seasonal cycle in the polar and temperate zones of one hemisphere is opposite to that of the other. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern, and vice versa.

text: Tropics[edit]

text: The tropical and subtropical regions see little annual fluctuation of sunlight.  However, seasonal shifts occur along a rainy, low-pressure belt called the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ICZ). As a result, the amount of precipitation tends to vary more dramatically than the average temperature. When the Zone is north of the Equator, the northern tropics experience their wet season while the southern tropics have their dry season. This pattern reverses when the Zone migrates to a position south of the Equator.

text: Mid-latitude thermal lag[edit]

text: In meteorological terms, the solstices (the maximum and minimum insolation) do not fall in the middles of summer and winter. The heights of these seasons occur up to 7 weeks later because of seasonal lag. Seasons, though, are not always defined in meteorological terms.

text: In astronomical reckoning by hours of daylight alone, the solstices and equinoxes are in the middle of the respective seasons. Because of seasonal lag due to thermal absorption and release by the oceans, regions with a continental climate, which predominate in the Northern Hemisphere, often consider these four dates to be the start of the seasons as in the diagram, with the cross-quarter days considered seasonal midpoints. The length of these seasons is not uniform because of Earth's elliptical orbit and its different speeds along that orbit.[9]

text: Four-season calendar reckoning[edit]

text: Calendar-based reckoning defines the seasons in absolute rather than relative terms.  Accordingly, if floral activity is regularly observed during the coolest quarter of the year in a particular area, it is still considered winter despite the traditional association of flowers with spring and summer.  Additionally, the seasons are considered to change on the same dates everywhere that uses a particular calendar method regardless of variations in climate from one area to another.  Most calendar-based methods use a four-season model to identify the warmest and coldest seasons, which are separated by two intermediate seasons.

text: Meteorological[edit]

text:
Meteorological seasons are reckoned by temperature, with summer being the hottest quarter of the year and winter the coldest quarter of the year. In 1780 the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (which became defunct in 1795), an early international organization for meteorology, defined seasons as groupings of three whole months as identified by the Gregorian calendar. Ever since, professional meteorologists all over the world have used this definition.[10]
Therefore, for temperate areas in the northern hemisphere, spring begins on 1 March, summer on 1 June, autumn on 1 September, and winter on 1 December. For the southern hemisphere temperate zone, spring begins on 1 September, summer on 1 December, autumn on 1 March, and winter on 1 June.[11][12]  In Australasia the meteorological terms for seasons apply to the temperate zone that occupies all of New Zealand, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, the south-eastern corner of South Australia and the south-west of Western Australia, and the south east Queensland areas south of Brisbane.

text:
Australasian seasons

Season
Start date
End date

Summer
1 December
28 February[13]

Autumn
1 March
31 May

Winter
1 June
31 August

Spring
1 September
30 November

text: In Sweden and Finland, meteorologists use a non-calendar based definition for the seasons based on the temperature. Spring begins when the daily averaged temperature permanently rises above 0 °C, summer begins when the temperature permanently rises above +10 °C, summer ends when the temperature permanently falls below +10 °C and winter begins when the temperature permanently falls below 0 °C. "Permanently" here means that the daily averaged temperature has remained above or below the limit for seven consecutive days. This implies two things: first, the seasons do not begin at fixed dates but must be determined by observation and are known only after the fact; and second, a new season begins at different dates in different parts of the country.   In Great Britain, the onset of spring used to be defined as when the maximum daily temperature reached 50 °F (10 °C) in a defined sequence of days.   This almost always occurred in March.   However, with global warming this temperature is now not uncommon in the winter.

text:
Surface air temperature

 Diagram was calculated (Abscisse: 21. of each month) Calculation based on data published by Jones et al. [14]

 The picture shows Figure 7 as published by Jones et al.[14]

text: Astronomical[edit]

text:
UT date and time of equinoxes and solstices on Earth[15]

event

equinox

solstice

equinox

solstice

month

March

June

September

December

year

day
time
day
time
day
time
day
time

2010

20
17:32
21
11:28
23
03:09
21
23:38

2011

20
23:21
21
17:16
23
09:04
22
05:30

2012

20
05:14
20
23:09
22
14:49
21
11:12

2013

20
11:02
21
05:04
22
20:44
21
17:11

2014

20
16:57
21
10:51
23
02:29
21
23:03

2015

20
22:45
21
16:38
23
08:21
22
04:48

2016

20
04:30
20
22:34
22
14:21
21
10:44

2017

20
10:28
21
04:24
22
20:02
21
16:28

2018

20
16:15
21
10:07
23
01:54
21
22:23

2019

20
21:58
21
15:54
23
07:50
22
04:19

2020

20
03:50
20
21:44
22
13:31
21
10:02

text: Astronomical timing as the basis for designating the temperate seasons dates back at least to the Julian calendar used by the ancient Romans.  It continues to be used on many modern Gregorian calendars worldwide, although some countries like Australia, New Zealand, and Russia prefer to use meteorological reckoning. The precise timing of the seasons is determined by the exact times of transit of the sun over the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn for the solstices and the times of the sun's transit over the equator for the equinoxes, or a traditional date close to these times.[16]

text: The following diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth's elliptical orbit.  The orbital ellipse (with eccentricity exaggerated for effect) goes through each of the six Earth images, which are sequentially the perihelion (periapsis—nearest point to the sun) on anywhere from 2 January to 5 January, the point of March equinox on 19, 20 or 21 March, the point of June solstice on 20 or 21 June, the aphelion (apoapsis—farthest point from the sun) on anywhere from 4 July to 7 July, the September equinox on 22 or 23 September, and the December solstice on 21 or 22 December.

text: These "astronomical" seasons are not of equal length, because of the elliptical nature of the orbit of the Earth, as discovered by Johannes Kepler.  From the March equinox it currently takes 92.75 days until the June solstice, then 93.65 days until the September equinox, 89.85 days until the December solstice and finally 88.99 days until the March equinox.

text: Variation due to calendar misalignment[edit]

text: The times of the equinoxes and solstices are not fixed with respect to the modern Gregorian calendar, but fall about six hours later every year, amounting to one full day in four years. They are reset by the occurrence of a leap year. The Gregorian calendar is designed to keep the March equinox no later than 21 March as accurately as is practical. Also see: Gregorian calendar seasonal error.

text: The calendar equinox (used in the calculation of Easter) is 21 March, the same date as in the Easter tables current at the time of the Council of Nicaea in AD 325.   The calendar is therefore framed to prevent the astronomical equinox wandering onto 22 March.   From Nicaea to the date of the reform, the years 500, 600, 700, 900, 1000, 1100, 1300, 1400 and 1500, which would not have been leap years in the Gregorian calendar, amount to nine days, but astronomers directed that ten days be removed.

text: Currently, the most common equinox and solstice dates are March 20, June 21, September 22 or 23 and December 21; the four-year average slowly shifts to earlier times as the century progresses.   This shift is a full day in about 128 years (compensated mainly by the century "leap year" rules of the Gregorian calendar) and as 2000 was a leap year the current shift has been progressing since the beginning of the last century, when equinoxes and solstices were relatively late.   This also means that in many years of the twentieth century, the dates of March 21, June 22, September 23 and December 22 were much more common, so older books teach (and older people may still remember) these dates.

text: Note that all the times are given in UTC (roughly speaking, the time at Greenwich, ignoring British Summer Time). People living farther to the east (Asia and Australia), whose local times are in advance, will see the astronomical seasons apparently start later; for example, in Tonga (UTC+13), an equinox occurred on September 24, 1999, a date which will not crop up again until 2103. On the other hand, people living far to the west (America) whose clocks run behind UTC may experience an equinox as early as March 19.

text: Change over time[edit]

text: Over thousands of years, the Earth's axial tilt and orbital eccentricity vary (see Milankovitch cycles).   The equinoxes and solstices move westward relative to the stars while the perihelion and aphelion move eastward.   Thus, ten thousand years from now Earth's northern winter will occur at aphelion and northern summer at perihelion. The severity of seasonal change — the average temperature difference between summer and winter in location — will also change over time because the Earth's axial tilt fluctuates between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees.

text: Smaller irregularities in the times are caused by perturbations of the Moon and the other planets.

text: Solar[edit]

text: Solar timing is based on insolation in which the solstices and equinoxes are seen as the midpoints of the seasons.  It was the method for reckoning seasons in medieval Europe, especially by the Celts, and is still ceremonially observed in Ireland and some east Asian countries. Summer is defined as the quarter of the year with the greatest insolation and winter as the quarter with the least.

text: The solar seasons change at the cross-quarter days, which are about 3–4 weeks earlier than the meteorological seasons and 6–7 weeks earlier than seasons starting at equinoxes and solstices.  Thus, the day of greatest insolation is designated "midsummer" as noted in William Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream, which is set on the summer solstice.  On the Celtic calendar, the start of the seasons corresponds to four Pagan agricultural festivals - the traditional first day of winter is 1 November (Samhain, the Celtic origin of Halloween); spring starts 1 February (Imbolc, the Celtic origin of Groundhog Day); summer begins 1 May (Beltane, the Celtic origin of May Day); the first day of autumn is 1 August (Celtic Lughnasadh).

text: The traditional calendar in China forms the basis of other such systems in East Asia. Its seasons are traditionally based on 24 periods known as solar terms.[17] The four seasons chūn (春), xià (夏), qiū (秋), and dōng (冬) are universally translated as "spring", "summer", "autumn", and "winter" but actually begin much earlier, with the solstices and equinoxes forming the midpoint of each season rather than their start. Astronomically, the seasons are said to begin on Lichun (立春, lit. "standing spring") on about 4 February, Lixia (立夏) on about 6 May, Liqiu (立秋) on about 8 August, and Lidong (立冬) on about 7 November. These dates were not part of the traditional lunar calendar, however, and moveable holidays such as Chinese New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival are more closely associated with the seasons.

text: Six-season calendar  reckoning[edit]

text: Some calendars in south Asia use a six-season method where the number of seasons between summer and winter can number from one to three. The dates are fixed at even intervals of months.

text: In the Hindu calendar of tropical and subtropical India, there are six seasons or Ritu that are calendar-based in the sense of having fixed dates: Vasanta (spring), Greeshma (summer), Varsha (monsoon), Sharad (autumn), Hemanta (early winter), and Shishira (prevernal or late winter). The six seasons are ascribed to two months each of the twelve months in the Hindu calendar. The rough correspondences are:

text:
Hindu season

Start

End

Hindu Months

Mapping to English Names

Vasanta

Mid-March

Mid-May

Chaitra, Vaishakha

spring

Greeshma

Mid-May

Mid-July

Jyeshtha, Ashadha

summer

Varsha

Mid-July

Mid-September

Shraavana, Bhadrapada

monsoon

Sharad

Mid-September

Mid-November

Ashwin, Kartika

autumn

Hemanta

Mid-November

Mid-January

Maargashirsha, Pausha

early winter

Shishira

Mid-January

Mid-March

Magh, Phalguna

prevernal or late winter

text: The Bengali Calendar is similar but differs in start and end times. It has the following seasons or ritu:

text:
Bengali season

Start

End

Bengali Months

Mapping to English Names

Bosonto বসন্ত (ঋতু) (Spring)

Mid-February

Mid-April

Falgun, Choitro

Spring

Grishmo (গ্রীষ্ম) (Summer)

Mid-April

Mid-June

Boishakh, Joishtho

Summer

Borsha (বর্ষা) (Monsoon)

Mid-June

Mid-August

Asharh, Srabon

Monsoon

Shorot (শরৎ) (Autumn/ Fall)

Mid-August

Mid-October

Bhadro, Ashwin

Autumn

Hemonto (হেমন্ত) (Frost/ Late Autumn)

Mid-October

Mid-December

Kartik, Ogrohayon

Late Autumn

Sit (শীত) (Winter)

Mid-December

Mid-February

Poush, Magh

Winter

text: The Tamil calendar follows a similar pattern of six seasons

text:
Tamil season

Gregorian Months

Tamil Months

IlaVenil (Spring)

April 15 to June 14

Chithirai and Vaikasi

MuthuVenil (Summer)

June 15 to August 14

Aani and Aadi

Kaar (Monsoon)

August 15 to October 14

Avani and Purattasi

Kulir (Autumn)

October 15 to December 14

Aipasi and Karthikai

MunPani (Winter)

December 15 to February 14

Margazhi and Thai

PinPani (Prevernal)

February 15 to April 14

Maasi and Panguni

text: Polar day and night[edit]

text: Any point north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle will have one period in the summer when the sun does not set, and one period in the winter when the sun does not rise. At progressively higher latitudes, the maximum periods of "midnight sun" and "polar night" are progressively longer.

text: For example, at the military and weather station Alert located at 82°30′05″N and 62°20′20″W, on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island, Canada (about 450 nautical miles or 830 km from the North Pole), the sun begins to peek above the horizon for minutes per day at the end of February and each day it climbs higher and stays up longer; by 21 March, the sun is up for over 12 hours. On 6 April the sun rises at 0522 UTC and remains above the horizon until it sets below the horizon again on 6 September at 0335 UTC.  By October 13 the sun is above the horizon for only 1 hour 30 minutes and on October 14 it does not rise above the horizon at all and remains below the horizon until it rises again on 27 February.[18]

text: First light comes in late January because the sky has twilight, being a glow on the horizon, for increasing hours each day, for more than a month before the sun first appears with its disc above the horizon. From mid-November to mid-January, there is no twilight.

text: In the weeks surrounding 21 June, in the northern polar region, the sun is at its highest elevation, appearing to circle the sky there without going below the horizon. Eventually, it does go below the horizon, for progressively longer periods each day until around the middle of October, when it disappears for the last time until the following February. For a few more weeks, "day" is marked by decreasing periods of twilight. Eventually, from mid-November to mid-January, there is no twilight and it is continuously dark. In mid January the first faint wash of twilight briefly touches the horizon (for just minutes per day), and then twilight increases in duration with increasing brightness each day until sunrise at end of February, then on 6 April the sun remains above the horizon until mid October.

text: Non-calendar-based reckoning[edit]

text: Ecologically speaking, a season is a period of the year in which only certain types of floral and animal events happen (e.g.: flowers bloom—spring; hedgehogs hibernate—winter). So, if we can observe a change in daily floral/animal events, the season is changing.  In this sense, ecological seasons are defined in absolute terms, unlike calendar-based methods in which the seasons are relative.  If specific conditions associated with a particular ecological season don't normally occur in a particular region, then that area cannot be said to experience that season on a regular basis.

text: Modern mid-latitude ecological[edit]

text: Six seasons can be distinguished which do not have fixed calendar-based dates like the meteorological and astronomical seasons.[19] Oceanic regions tend to experience the beginning of the hibernal season up to a month later than continental climates. Conversely, prevernal and vernal seasons begin up to a month earlier near oceanic and coastal areas. For example, prevernal crocus blooms typically appear as early as February in coastal areas of British Columbia, the British Isles, but generally don't appear until March or April in locations like the Midwest USA or parts of eastern Europe. The actual dates for each season vary by climate region and can shift from one year to the next.  Average dates listed here are for mild and cool temperate climate zones in the Northern Hemisphere:

text:
Prevernal (early or pre-spring): Begins February (mild temperate), to March (cool temperate). Deciduous tree buds begin to swell. Some types of migrating birds fly from winter to summer habitats.
Vernal (spring): Begins mid March (mild temperate), to late April (cool temperate). Tree buds burst into leaves. Birds establish territories and begin mating and nesting.
Estival (high summer): Begins June in most temperate climates. Trees in full leaf. Birds hatch and raise offspring.
Serotinal (late summer): Generally begins mid to late August. Deciduous leaves begin to change color in higher latitude locations (above 45 north). Young birds reach maturity and join other adult birds preparing for autumn migration.  The traditional "harvest season" begins by early September.
Autumnal (autumn): Generally begins mid to late September. Tree leaves in full color then turn brown and fall to the ground. Birds migrate back to wintering areas.
Hibernal (winter): Begins December (mild temperate), November (cool temperate). Deciduous trees are bare and fallen leaves begin to decay. Migrating birds settled in winter habitats.

text: Tropical ecological[edit]

text: In the tropics, where seasonal dates also vary, it is more common to speak of the rainy (or wet, or monsoon) season versus the dry season.  For example, in Nicaragua the dry season (November to April) is called 'summer' and the rainy season (May to October) is called 'winter', even though it is located in the northern hemisphere. In some tropical areas a three-way division into hot, rainy, and cool season is used.  There is no noticeable change in the amount of sunlight at different times of the year. However, many regions (such as the northern Indian ocean) are subject to monsoon rain and wind cycles.

text: Floral and animal activity variation near the equator depends more on wet/dry cycles than seasonal temperature variations, with different species flowering (or emerging from cocoons) at specific times before, during, or after the monsoon season. Thus, the tropics are characterized by numerous "mini-seasons" within the larger seasonal blocks of time.

text: In the tropical parts of Australia in the northern parts of Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory,  wet and dry seasons are observed in addition to or in place of temperate season names.[20]

text: Indigenous ecological[edit]

text: Indigenous people in polar, temperate and tropical climates of northern Eurasia, the Americas, Africa, Oceania, and Australia have traditionally defined the seasons ecologically by observing the activity of the plants, animals and weather around them. Each separate tribal group traditionally observes different seasons determined according to local criteria that can vary from the hibernation of polar bears on the arctic tundras to the growing seasons of plants in the tropical rainforests.  In Australia, some tribes have up to eight seasons in a year,[11] as do the Sami people in Scandinavia. Many indigenous people who no longer live directly off the land in traditional often nomadic styles, now observe modern methods of seasonal reckoning according to what is customary in their particular country or region.

text: "Official" designations[edit]

text: As noted, a variety of dates are used in different countries to mark the changes of seasons, especially those that are calendar based. These observances are often declared "official" within their respective jurisdictions by the local or national media, even when the weather or climate is contradictory.[21]  However they are mainly a matter of custom only, and have not generally been proclaimed by governments north or south of the equator for civil purposes.[22][23]


document_title: Yes Bank

question_text: total number of branches of yes bank in india

root

text: Yes Bank

text: Products and services[edit]

text: This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Corporate and Institutional Banking-The Corporate & Institutional Banking (C&IB) division at Yes Bank contribute a major part of the bank with a turnover of over ₹ 1,000 crores.[6]
Commercial Banking
Investment Banking-Yes Bank's is a major player in Investment Banking in India and is involved in the identification, structuring and execution of transactions for its clients in diverse industries and geographies. Some of the typical transactions include mergers & acquisitions, divestitures, private equity syndication and IPO advisory.[7][8]
Corporate Finance-YES BANK's Corporate Finance practice offers a combination of advisory services and customised products to optimise risk based on "Knowledge Arbitrage" [9]
Financial Marketing-The Financial Markets (FM) business model provides Risk Management solutions related to foreign currency and interest rate exposures of clients.[10]
Retail Banking-YES BANK has banking network of over 600 branches and 2,000 ATMs giving it a major presence in urban India. Yes bank is one of the fastest growing private bank in India.[11]

tag: ul

text: Operations[edit]

text: As on 31 Dec 2015, the bank had 630 branches and 2000 ATMs. It had a balance sheet size of ₹ 1,23,200 crore and Gross NPA of 0.42% fourth largest bank in private sector.[12]

tag: p

text: Listings and shareholding[edit]

text: Yes Bank equity shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.

text:
Shareholders (as on 31-Mar-2013)
Shareholding[12]

Promoter Group
25.72%

Foreign Institutional Investors (FII)
48.95%

Individual shareholders
09.44%

Insurance Companies
09.27%

Banks/Financial Institutions/Mutual Funds/UTI
03.87%

Others
02.855%

Total
100.0%

text: News[edit]

text: Yes bank was listed in the stock exchanges of India post its IPO in May 2005 at an issue price of Rs.45.[13]

text: In September 2016, Yes bank scrapped its proposed $1bn share sale due to market conditions.[14] The pull out of the deal caused all round embarrassment as miscommunication and misunderstanding among various players led to a round of public blame game among various participants.[15] The company is looking to relaunch its failed capital raising exercise after appointing new set of bankers.[16]

text: Awards and Recognitions[edit]

text:
Yes Bank, received “India’s Fastest Growing Bank of the Year” award at the Bloomberg UTV Financial Leadership Awards 2011[17]
Bank of the Year India, The Banker London - 2015 [18]
YES BANK was voted India's 3rd Most Trusted Private Bank in 2014 according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics company.[19]
YES BANK won the GOLDEN PEACOCK INNOVATIVE PRODUCE/SERVICE AWARD-2017 [20]


document_title: X-Men: Days of Future Past

question_text: who plays quicksilver in days of future past

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a dystopian future, Sentinels have been programmed to identify and hunt down mutants and their human allies who carry the mutant gene for extermination. During a Sentinel raid which overwhelms nearly every mutant in Russia, Kitty Pryde sends Bishop's consciousness back in time a few days before the attack, in an effort to warn the X-Men so as to ensure their survival.

text: Professor Charles Xavier meets Kitty Pryde at a remote Chinese temple with other mutant survivors, and explains the history of the Sentinels, which were designed by Bolivar Trask, whom Mystique assassinated in 1973; Mystique's DNA was then modified by scientists to advance the Sentinel program. Using Kitty's ability to send a mutant's consciousness back in time, Xavier and Magneto plan to alter history by preventing Trask’s assassination. While Xavier initially plans to be the candidate, Wolverine volunteers instead since his regenerative powers would allow him to survive the process.

text: After awakening in his younger body in 1973, Wolverine arrives at the X-Mansion, discovering the school has been shut down, and that the younger Xavier can walk, lacking his powers under a specialized serum suppressing his mutant abilities. Hoping to reunite with Mystique, Xavier agrees to help Wolverine bust Erik Lensherr out of his prison cell under the Pentagon, aided by Hank McCoy and Peter Maximoff.

text: Mystique discovers Trask has been experimenting on mutants and in revenge plots to assassinate him at the Paris Peace Accords. Her vengeance results in failure after Xavier, Hank, and Wolverine intervene and Erik attempts to kill her to prevent the Sentinel takeover from happening. During a fight, Hank, Erik, and Mystique expose themselves as mutants to the world. Trask takes advantage of this event and successfully convinces President Richard Nixon to initialize the Sentinel program.

text: Erik (now Magneto) obtains his signature helmet to block out Xavier’s psychic powers, and secretly takes control of the constructed Sentinels. Xavier abandons the serum, regaining his mutant power, and communicates with his future self, who inspires him to protect the relationship between mutants and mankind. After using Cerebro to track Mystique, he, Hank and Wolverine take flight to Washington, D.C. and put an end to her assassination plot on Trask.

text: At a ceremony where Nixon unveils the Sentinels, Xavier, Hank, and Wolverine search for Mystique, disguised as a Secret Service agent. Magneto appears, controlling the Sentinels, and uses the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium to surround the White House. Hank transforms into Beast and fights a Sentinel. Wolverine confronts Magneto, but is thrown far into the Potomac River. Nixon, Trask, and Mystique hide in a safe room beneath the White House, but Magneto rips it out of the building with the intention of killing the U.S. President.

text: In the future, the Sentinels launch an attack on the X-Men, slaying most of them, including Storm, while Magneto is wounded. In the present, Xavier persuades Mystique to spare Trask after she saves President Nixon from Magneto, altering history and erasing the Sentinels from existence. Magneto and Mystique both leave, one a criminal, the other a hero. Trask is put behind bars for attempting to sell U.S military secrets to Vietnamese officials.

text: Wolverine wakes up at the mansion in the present day to find Iceman, Rogue, Colossus, Kitty, Beast, Storm, Jean Grey, Scott Summers and Xavier all alive. Wolverine speaks to Xavier, aware of the changes in history. Back in 1973, the younger Wolverine is rescued by Mystique, disguised as William Stryker.

text: In a post-credits scene, an Egyptian crowd is seen chanting to En Sabah Nur, who telekinetically elevates building blocks to forge pyramids as four horsemen observe him from afar.[5][6]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Hugh Jackman as Logan / Wolverine

text: James McAvoy and Patrick Stewart as Charles Xavier / Professor X

text: Michael Fassbender and Ian McKellen as Erik Lehnsherr / Magneto

text: Jennifer Lawrence as Raven Darkhölme / Mystique

text: Nicholas Hoult and Kelsey Grammer as Dr. Henry "Hank" McCoy / Beast

text: Halle Berry as Ororo Munroe / Storm

text: Anna Paquin as Marie / Rogue

text: Ellen Page as Kitty Pryde / Shadowcat

text: Shawn Ashmore as Bobby Drake / Iceman

text: Omar Sy as Bishop

text: Peter Dinklage as Bolivar Trask

text: Evan Peters as Peter Maximoff / Quicksilver

text: Josh Helman as Major William Stryker

text: Daniel Cudmore as Peter Rasputin / Colossus

text: Fan Bingbing as Blink

text: Adan Canto as Sunspot

text: Booboo Stewart as Warpath

text: Additionally, Famke Janssen and James Marsden reprise their roles as Jean Grey and Scott Summers / Cyclops respectively in cameo appearances. Lucas Till reprises his role as Alex Summers / Havok. Evan Jonigkeit portrays Mortimer Toynbee / Toad. Gregg Lowe portrays Eric Gitter / Ink. X-Men comic-book writers Len Wein and Chris Claremont appear as United States congressmen. Michael Lerner plays Senator Brickman. Mark Camacho portrays U.S. President Richard Nixon. Singer cameos as a man with a small film camera as Magneto walks away after Mystique's escape in Paris. In a post-credits scene, Brendan Pedder portrays the ancient mutant, En Sabah Nur.[41]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Producer Lauren Shuler Donner stated in August 2006 that a continuation of the X-Men main film series would require a renegotiation. New cast members of X-Men: The Last Stand were signed, while the older cast members were not.[42] Donner said, "There is forty years worth of stories. I've always wanted to do 'Days of Future Past' and there are just really a lot of stories yet to be told".[43] She later pitched the idea of a fourth installment of the X-Men franchise to director Bryan Singer, following the completion of the 2011 prequel X-Men: First Class.[44] In March 2011, Donner said the film was in "active development at Fox"; she said, "We took the treatment to Fox and they love it... And X4 leads into X5".[45]

text: 20th Century Fox saw X-Men: First Class as the first film of a new X-Men trilogy.[46] Donner compared the franchise plans to the darker, more mature content of the Harry Potter film series.[47] Early reports said Matthew Vaughn and Singer were returning to direct and produce the sequel, respectively.[48] While still attached to the project as a director, Vaughn said, "First Class is similar to Batman Begins, where you have the fun of introducing the characters and getting to know them, but that takes time. But with the second one, you can just get on with it and have a rollicking good time. That's the main difference between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight".[49] Describing the possible beginning of the film, Vaughn said, "I thought it would be fun to open with the Kennedy assassination, and we reveal that the magic bullet was controlled by Magneto".[50] Singer said the film could be set around the civil rights movement or the Vietnam War,[51] and that Wolverine could once again be featured.[52] Singer also talked about "changing history" in an interview with Empire magazine. He said he does not want people to panic about events in the past "erasing" the storylines of the previous X-Men films, as he believes in multiverses, explaining the possibility of certain events can exist equally in the histories of alternate universes.[53]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Kinberg said the main focus of this film was the future of the X-Men film series. With the use of cast members from the original trilogy and from First Class, they needed to decide the sequels' destination.[19] In preparation for the film, Kinberg studied films about time travel, including Back to the Future, The Terminator, and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Singer originated a philosophy and a set of rules for the time travel in the film so the story would be as plausible as possible.[19]

text: According to Kinberg, as they were writing the script, they thought it is sensible that Wolverine was traveling between time periods, because of his ageless look and ability to heal rapidly.[19] He further stated of making Wolverine the time traveler, "We made the decision for a lot of reasons ... he's the protagonist of the franchise, and probably the most beloved character to a mass audience".[54] Kinberg and Vaughn considered Bishop and Cable candidates for the role of time traveler.[9] Kinberg said Rachel Summers was in the first draft of the script; she sent Wolverine back to 1973. The character was later replaced with Kitty Pryde, to whom Kinberg gave a secondary power of sending people's consciousnesses into the past.[55] Juggernaut, Jubilee, Nightcrawler and Psylocke were also considered for the film.[56][57][58][59]

text: Singer was asked how the film integrates the themes of the earlier X-Men films; he said, "It establishes that some villain characters may have been right with their fears. It confronts the notions of hope and second chances. It's characters that are lost trying to find themselves. In X-Men 1 and 2, the characters had come into their own and knew who they were. In this one, they're all lost and they're trying to keep it together".[60]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: In November 2011, Simon Kinberg—co-writer of X-Men: The Last Stand and co-producer of X-Men: First Class—was hired to write the film's screenplay.[61] In May 2012, 20th Century Fox announced the film would be released on July 18, 2014.[62] The release was later moved forward to May 23, 2014.[63] In August 2012, the title for the film was confirmed to be X-Men: Days of Future Past. The film is inspired by Chris Claremont and John Byrne's X-Men comic book storyline, "Days of Future Past", which introduced the idea of an alternate future for mutants that grew from the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants' killing of a senator, leading to a future in which mutants are hunted by Sentinels.[64]

text: In October 2012, Vaughn left the role of director to focus on Mark Millar's Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014).[65] Singer was later announced as the film's director; it was his third directorial role in the X-Men film series.[66] In preparation for the film, Singer approached James Cameron to discuss time travel, string theory and multiverses.[67] In the same month, Richard Stammers was approached to be the visual effects supervisor, as Singer liked his work in the 2012 film Prometheus.[68]

text: Singer brought back most of the crew he had in X-Men and X2. In December 2012, two long-absent designers were hired: production designer John Myhre, who had only done X-Men, and costume designer Louise Mingenbach —who also did X2 and X-Men Origins: Wolverine.[69][70] In February 2013, John Ottman—who aside from X-Men, collaborated on all of Singer's works since the 1995 film The Usual Suspects—was confirmed to work on the music and the editing of the film.[71]

text: Casting[edit]

text:
"I decided that the next time I got myself involved in a movie that had a huge amount of attention already that I would use Twitter. As a way of connecting with fans, principally. And also as a way of clearing up misunderstandings so that people know. You know, they may hear that an actor is cast or hear somebody is going to be in it, but until I say it's so, that's the confirmation".[72]

—Bryan Singer explaining the Twitter presence of the film.

tag: div

text: Singer used the online social networking service Twitter to announce casting of the film.[72] In November 2012, he announced that James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Jennifer Lawrence and Nicholas Hoult would reprise their roles from X-Men: First Class. Later the same month, he announced that Patrick Stewart and Ian McKellen would reprise their respective roles as the older versions of the characters played by McAvoy and Fassbender.[73][74][75] In December, Singer announced that Hugh Jackman would reprise his role as Wolverine.[76]

text: In January 2013, Singer announced that Anna Paquin, Shawn Ashmore, and Ellen Page would reprise their roles of Rogue, Iceman, and Kitty Pryde.[77][78] In February, Singer announced that Peter Dinklage would star in the film as the main antagonist.[79] In March, Singer announced that French actor Omar Sy had joined the cast.[80] Halle Berry said in an interview that she would reprise her role as Storm, which was followed by an announcement from Singer that Berry would be in the film.[81][82] Singer tweeted a picture of the cast, which confirmed that Daniel Cudmore would return as Colossus and that Fan Bingbing and Booboo Stewart had joined the cast.[83]

text: In April, Singer announced that American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga had joined the cast as Dazzler,[84] but it was later revealed as an April Fools' Day prank.[72] Singer retweeted a photograph of himself, Adan Canto, and confirmed cast members Patrick Stewart, McKellen, and Ashmore, which was followed by a confirmation from Canto that he had joined the cast.[85] In May, Singer announced that Evan Peters had been cast as Quicksilver.[86] In June, Australian actor Josh Helman was cast in a role.[87] In July, Singer tweeted a picture of actor Lucas Till on the set of the film, which confirmed that he was returning as Havok.[88] In January 2014, Evan Jonigkeit had been cast as the younger version of Toad.[89]

text: Filming[edit]

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past had a production budget of $200 million.[3] Principal photography began on April 15, 2013, at Mel's Cité du Cinema in Montreal, Canada, and ended on August 17, 2013.[90][91][92] Filming had to begin in April 2013 to accommodate the cast's individual schedules.[19] Olympic Stadium, Montreal City Hall, and McGill University were also used as filming locations.[93][94] An aerial plate unit was sent to film in Washington, D.C.[68] Additional filming took place in Montreal in November 2013 and February 2014.[95][96] According to the Calgary Herald, the film is the second most expensive produced by 20th Century Fox after Avatar (2009).[97] Comic book writer Chris Claremont said in an interview that he was consulted for the film.[98]

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past is the first X-Men film to be filmed in native 3D; it was shot using Arri Alexa-M cameras with Leica Prime lenses and Fujinon Zoom lenses, along with 3ality Technica TS-35 camera rigs and Stereo Image Processor (SIP) technology systems.[99][100] Director of photography Newton Thomas Sigel was asked about using Arri Alexa-M cameras; he said, "For Bryan and myself, the Alexa has been almost the gateway to getting the look we like in film". Sigel added that the Arri Alexa-M camera's small size was a big advantage to the film's main unit, which carried three 3D rigs. The film also used the Alexa XTs for the production's 2D work.[101]

text: Production designer John Myhre said his work load was "six months squeeze[d] down in to 3-4 months", given the sets were massive but he did not have the usual time to design and build before principal photography began. The lue underground hallways and Cerebro sets were faithful recreations of the sets seen in the first X-Men, albeit ransacked and damaged to imply the government had raided the mansion.[69] The sets had many hidden "Xs", including the staircase of the X-Mansion. Myrhe said he wanted to embrace the 1970s setting in the same way First Class embraced its 1960s setting,[19] and costume designer Louise Mingenbach also drew heavily from 1970s styles for the clothing seen in the 1973 scenes. Hoult wore corduroys, Jackman a wooden-paneled buckle and a peacock-print shirt, and McAvoy wore a brown leather jacket. Peters wore 1981-inspired clothing; this was Mingenbach's way of showing Quicksilver's irreverence for the exact time and place. In one scene, Mingenbach gave Fassbender as the younger Erik Lehnsherr a fedora as a nod to the one the character wore in the first X-Men film.[12] For the future period of the film, Mingenbach wanted a darker, slightly futuristic and tactical look for the characters. This included changing the suit Patrick Stewart had previously worn as Xavier to battle fatigues.[12]

text: The Sentinels had two separate versions, to depict how the earlier prototypes built by Trask in the 1970s evolved into the adaptable killing machines of the dystopian future.[102] Singer described the 1973 version as "a little fun and stylish but also a little retro", with a key element being that they are made of plastic to be unaffected by Magneto's powers. Myhre used styles from molded plastics from the 1970s to design Sentinels from that period,[19] and cited inspiration from both the cars of the decade and "those wonderful TV sets that were round with smoked glass panels". The overall style was bulky to fit "the traditional idea of a robot looks like",[102] and drew the most from the comics version, such as the purple color and a humanoid shape, while trying to stand out on its own with its retro design.[103] The robots' ability to fly was compared to a Harrier Jump Jet, as the Sentinels had vertical takeoff and could glide. Life-sized Sentinels were built by Legacy Effects to be featured on the set, and had articulated joints to be fully poseable. The sound effects averted metallic noises, while adding woof effects on the Sentinels' footsteps to display its weight on the ground.[102]

text: On the other hand, the future Sentinels would resemble "giant versions of Mystique" to show how their technological development was based on studying the shapeshifting mutant's DNA. Thus their design is sleek and feminine, with a body covered in mechanical scales that move during the process of adapting to a mutant's attack, while also featuring angular and dark faces to enhance the intimidation. The future robots would feature what Singer described as "biomechanical technology to transform to adapt to other mutants, to take on their physicality and some of their powers to use against mutantkind", which the director imagined to be fueled by nanotechnology and "the ability to really change things almost at a molecular level". The Sentinels' heads would also open up as an extra weapon, and for straighter combat the robots could create blades and spikes out of their limbs. The crackling sound of the robots' scales was made by rubbing riveted belts on shale rocks.[14][102]

text: For the future setting of the film, a set featuring a hillside monastery was built. Myhre was inspired by Chinese temples built on the sides of cliffs. The future set also featured a mixture of architectural styles from China, India, and Indonesia. Part of the set was a big wall, which was inspired by the Great Wall of China.[103]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past had 1,311 visual effects shots produced by twelve studios. Richard Stammer served as the overall effects supervisor based on his work for Prometheus.[68] The leading company was Moving Picture Company, who created the future Sentinels and worked on the sequences involving the X-Jet and Cerebro's red virtual world.[68] The Sentinels' scaled bodies were created by adapting a tool originally developed to create hair and fur, which would later evolve into creating a proxy representation of each individual scale as a "follicle".[14] Another major contributor was Digital Domain, with effects from the 1973 portion that encompassed nearly a third of the work. These included the Sentinels, Mystique's transformations and eyes, and various digital environments. Digital augmentation turned a remote airstrip into a Vietnam prisoner camp and added Paris' famed mansard rooftops to the Montreal locations. The environment work based on Washington, D.C. required the team to study period references of the National Mall and White House, and photograph almost all of RFK Stadium to create a detailed digital replica.[104] Rising Sun Pictures created a sequence considered by many reviewers the centerpiece of the film's effects, where Quicksilver uses his super speed in the Pentagon kitchen. Depicting how, to a speedster, actions in real time come down to a virtual standstill, objects float around in slow motion. After doing LIDAR scan of the kitchen set, the digital recreation added many computer generated props - cooking gear, cutlery, vegetables and water released by a fire sprinkler system - rendered in near microscopic detail regarding placement and lighting, particularly because the footage had to work in 3D. To simulate Quicksilver running on the walls, Evan Peters and a stunt double were filmed in both the set being suspended by a harness and on a treadmill that stood in front of a chroma key green screen. Only Peters' legs were digitally replaced.[14][105] Despite the sequence only having 29 effects shots,[68] it required nearly seven months of work from RSP's team of 70 artists.[106]

text: Rhythm and Hues Studios worked on Beast's transformations, the creation of Xavier's plane, and speed effects for Quicksilver. They also worked with Digital Domain on the sequence featuring the inside of the 1973 Sentinel. Mokko Studio worked on Mystique's eyes and costume fixes. Cinesite worked on the future New York City in the opening prologue along with clean-ups, wire removals, and production fixes. Fuel VFX worked on holographic effects and Havok's mutant powers. Vision Globale worked on visual effects relating to a dream and flashback sequence. Hydraulx, Lola and Method Studios handled a number of compositions and production fixes. The Third Floor worked on extensive story-boarding and visualisation.[68]

text: Music[edit]

text: Director Bryan Singer’s regular collaborator John Ottman worked on the score of the film, in addition to being its editor.[107] Ottman is the first composer to score more than one film in the X-Men film series, having previously scored X2 (2003). This also marked the first time a theme from a previous X-Men film has been retained; Ottman re-used some of his themes from X2, most notably the main title theme. While Ottman retained the same style of "lyrical and build upon character themes that would weave in and out of the film and done in a straight orchestral sense" that he had used in X2, following Singer's request he tried to compose "something more 'modern'" that could be compared to other contemporary superhero scores, and not follow Henry Jackman' score for First Class. The 1970s setting inspired the inclusion of "synthesized elements with some analog synths and electric piano and bass and some guitar".[108] The film score was released on digital download on May 16, 2014, on CD on May 26, 2014, and on vinyl on August 4, 2014.[109][110][111] The Rogue Cut also got a soundtrack album, released on July 10, 2015, by Sony Classical Records.[112]

text:
X-Men: Days of Future Past (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by John Ottman

Released
May 26, 2014 (2014-05-26)

Genre
Film score

Length
76:28

Label
Sony Classical

John Ottman chronology

Non-Stop
(2014)Non-Stop2014
X-Men: Days of Future Past
(2014)
Krampus
(2015)Krampus2015

X-Men soundtrack chronology

The Wolverine
(2013) The Wolverine2013
X-Men: Days of Future Past
(2014) X-Men: Days of Future Past2014
Deadpool
(2016) Deadpool2016

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"The Future – Main Titles"
2:44

2.
"Time's Up"
4:18

3.
"Hope (Xavier's Theme)"
4:48

4.
"I Found Them"
2:52

5.
"Saigon/Logan Arrives"
4:36

6.
"Pentagon Plan/Sneaky Mystique"
3:25

7.
"He Lost Everything"
1:51

8.
"Springing Erik"
3:33

9.
"How Was She"
1:47

10.
"All Those Voices"
3:19

11.
"Paris Pandemonium"
7:45

12.
"Contacting Raven"
1:48

13.
"Rules of Time"
3:07

14.
"Hat Rescue"
1:30

15.
"Time's Up" (Film Version)
3:34

16.
"The Attack Begins"
5:04

17.
"Join Me"
3:20

18.
"Do What You Were Made For"
2:56

19.
"I Have Faith in You/Goodbyes"
2:27

20.
"Welcome Back/End Titles"
3:58

21.
"Time in a Bottle" (Performed by Jim Croce)
2:27

22.
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" (Performed by Roberta Flack)
5:20

Total length:
76:28

text: Release[edit]

text: The world premiere of X-Men: Days of Future Past occurred at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York City on May 10, 2014.[113][114] It was released in international markets in 2D and 3D theaters on May 21, 2014, and in the United States on May 23, 2014.[3] Premiere events were also held in London, Beijing, Moscow, Singapore, São Paulo, Melbourne, and Tokyo.[115]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In June 2013, 20th Century Fox presented a set tour video of X-Men: Days of Future Past at the CineEurope conference in Barcelona; director Bryan Singer acted as the tour guide.[116] The set tour video was included with the home video release of the 2013 film The Wolverine.[117] In July 2013, Singer, writer Simon Kinberg, producers Lauren Shuler Donner and Hutch Parker, together with cast members Jennifer Lawrence, Evan Peters, Omar Sy, Ellen Page, Shawn Ashmore, Anna Paquin, Halle Berry, Ian McKellen, Patrick Stewart, Hugh Jackman, James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Nicholas Hoult, and Peter Dinklage presented at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International. Footage from the film was screened.[118] In August 2013, Singer presented footage from the film at the Fantasia International Film Festival.[119] In March 2014, 20th Century Fox presented footage from the film at CinemaCon.[120] In April 2014, Page presented footage from the film at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards. Kinberg and Dinklage attended WonderCon to discuss the film.[121][122] Singer withdrew from the publicity rounds for the film because of a lawsuit alleging sexual abuse filed against him.[123] In July 2014, 20th Century Fox and Oculus Rift presented a "virtual reality experience" in 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International. Attendees were given a chance to sit in a replica of Professor X's wheelchair and virtually hunt Mystique in the San Diego Convention Center.[124]

text: In July 2013, a mid-credits scene teasing X-Men: Days of Future Past was attached to the theatrical release of The Wolverine.[125] The scene, set two years after the events of The Wolverine, depicts Wolverine going through an airport security checkpoint while a commercial for Trask Industries plays in the background. Suddenly, Wolverine notices that all the metal objects around him start to shake and levitate. He turns around to see Magneto, who says he needs Wolverine's help to combat a threat to all mutants. When Wolverine asks Magneto why he should trust him, the people around them freeze as Xavier approaches Wolverine and assures him that Magneto is telling the truth. Adam Pockross of Yahoo! Movies described the mid-credits scene as the coolest part of The Wolverine and wrote, "Boom! And that's how you tease the next film: by giving us so much to chew on, yet so few answers".[126]

text: The first official trailer for X-Men: Days of Future Past was released in October 2013.[127] Jason Callina of Herald News gave the trailer a positive response, saying, "it is fantastic to see characters that I grew up with in the flesh ... we still have to wait till the end of May to see if Fox succeeded, but for now they have my interest".[128] Ben Child of The Guardian criticized the trailer for the number of characters that will appear in the film. Child wrote, "overloading the movie with superheroes might please fans of the comic books, but the rest of us will be chewing on our own spleens when the umpteenth brightly coloured dude turns up to spout one line of dialogue, then drop off the map".[129]

text: A mid-credits scene teasing X-Men: Days of Future Past was attached to the theatrical release of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 in April 2014. In the scene, which is set during the Vietnam War, Mystique tries to infiltrate a military camp led by William Stryker to recruit fellow mutants Havok, Ink, and Toad. The Amazing Spider-Man 2 director Marc Webb had an existing contract with Fox Searchlight Pictures to direct another film following 500 Days of Summer (2009). After The Amazing Spider-Man, Webb's negotiations with Sony Pictures Entertainment stalled because of his commitment to Fox. Fox eventually agreed to allow Webb to direct the sequel of The Amazing Spider-Man, and in exchange, Sony promoted the X-Men film without charge.[130] In addition, three viral websites were launched before the release of the film—Trask-Industries.com in July 2013, TheBentBullet.com in November 2013 and 25Moments.com in April 2014.[131][132][133] To further promote the film, Jackman made a guest appearance on the April 28, 2014, episode of WWE Raw.[134][135][136] The segment received mixed reactions.[137]

text: Promotional partners[edit]

text: In July 2013, CKE Restaurant Holdings, Inc. and 20th Century Fox announced a promotional partnership for the theatrical release of X-Men: Days of Future Past. The promotion included advertising, in-restaurant merchandising, collectors' cups, and a film-themed burger—The Western "X-Tra" Bacon Thickburger[138] sold it CKE Restaurants outlets Hardee's and Carl's Jr.. Zachary Eller, senior vice president of marketing partnerships & promotions at 20th Century Fox, said, "their fun and irreverent advertising campaigns are a great fit with our film and we couldn't be more thrilled to join together to feed mutants everywhere!".[139]

text: Mountain Dew partnered with the film to promote it globally; the promotion included prizes, a television commercial, online exclusives, in-store and in-theater advertisements, and commemorative packaging featuring X-Men characters from future and past. Anna Roca, senior vice president of international promotions at 20th Century Fox, stated, "The adventurous, energetic attitude of [Mountain Dew's] fan base mirrors the franchise's own—and their international reach helps bring our beloved mutants to more corners of the world than ever before".[140]

text: In March 2014, Virgin Trains launched an 11-car Pendolino train, which featured the film characters on the carriages, at London's Euston station to promote the film. Hugh Jackman and James McAvoy attended the launch.[141]

text: Kia Motors collaborated with 20th Century Fox to promote the home media release of the film with a Wolverine-themed Sorento. The SUV made its debut at the 2015 Australian Open, with a series of videos featuring Rafael Nadal teaming up with the X-Men to save the tennis event from the Sentinels.[142]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In June 2014, cable network FX acquired the television rights to X-Men: Days of Future Past.[143] The film was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on digital download on September 23, 2014, and on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on October 14, 2014.[144] In the United Kingdom, it was released on November 10, 2014.[145] Three versions were released; a Deluxe Edition containing the Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray and digital download; a Blu-ray and digital download combo pack; and a single-disc DVD.[144]

text: The Rogue Cut[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released an alternate version of the film, titled The Rogue Cut, on July 14, 2015. It added 17 minutes of previously unused footage, including a subplot involving Anna Paquin's character Rogue, whose role was reduced to a brief cameo in the theatrical release.[146] The Rogue Cut was also screened at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International.[147]

text: In the Rogue Cut, Rogue's role is more consequential, and the narrative is more complex: When Kitty Pryde is accidentally wounded after Wolverine's consciousness experiences a phase between past and future from seeing Stryker in 1973, Bobby Drake (Iceman) proposes breaking into the heavily guarded remains of Cerebro at the former X-Mansion, the one place where Xavier's mind cannot reach others from the outside, in order to rescue Rogue, who is being held captive there. Xavier, Magneto, and Iceman succeed in rescuing Rogue, but at the cost of Iceman's life. Rogue uses her power to take over for Kitty in regards to keeping Wolverine's mind in 1973, for the remaining time until the moment history is changed, with a suggestion that Wolverine is aware of the switch as he appears to feel Rogue's presence. The Sentinels are able to find the X-Men through a tracking device inside a Sentinel's hand that was severed from the X-Jet during their escape. In another scene, Mystique visits the X-Mansion at night, revisits her previous romance with Beast, and destroys Cerebro the next morning in order to prevent Xavier from finding her. A new mid-credits scene shows Bolivar Trask imprisoned at the Pentagon cell for selling military secrets to foreign countries.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Worldwide, X-Men: Days of Future Past earned $262.8 million during its opening weekend, the highest worldwide opening weekend for an X-Men film.[148] The film grossed $233.9 million in the USA & Canada and $513.9 million in other markets for a worldwide gross of $747.9 million, making it the highest-grossing entry in the X-Men film series before being surpassed by Deadpool two years later.[3]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film earned $8.1 million from Thursday night showings, which is the highest late night opening for an X-Men film.[149] It was also the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend, earning $90.8 million, which made it the second-highest opening weekend of the series, at the time, behind X-Men: The Last Stand ($102.8 million).[150] During the four-day Memorial Day weekend, it earned $110.6 million.[150] The audience was 56% male and 59% were older than 25.[150]

text: Elsewhere, the film was the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend, taking $172 million, making it Fox International's highest opening weekend.[151] The film's highest-grossing debuts were in China, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta.[152] It was also the highest-grossing debut for a 20th Century Fox film in 11 markets, including South Korea, Brazil, the Philippines, and India.[150] It became the highest-grossing X-Men film in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Lebanon, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom & Ireland, and Venezuela.[152] [153][154][155][156][157][158]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes X-Men: Days of Future Past has an approval rating of 91% based on 295 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "X-Men: Days of Future Past combines the best elements of the series to produce a satisfyingly fast-paced outing that ranks among the franchise's finest installments".[159] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 74 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[160] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[150]

text: Sean O'Connell of Cinema Blend gave the film four and a half stars out of five, and said it was "the greatest, most complete and staggeringly entertaining [X-Men film] to date".[161] Empire gave it four out of five stars and called it, "The best X-Men film since the second one".[162] Steve Rose of The Guardian rated the film three stars out of five; he said, "Non-devotees might struggle, but director Bryan Singer whips up the action towards a symphonic climax".[163] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter said, "While it's more dramatically diffuse than the reboot and lacks a definitive villain, the new film is shot through with a stirring reverence for the Marvel Comics characters and their universe".[164] Justin Chang of Variety said, "If the characters' quandaries at times feel overly circumscribed, they're also advanced with a bracing emotional directness, devoid of either cynicism or sentimentalism, that touches genuine chords of feeling over the course of the film’s fleet 130-minute [sic] running time".[165] In 2016, James Charisma of Playboy ranked the film #8 on a list of 15 Sequels That Are Way Better Than The Originals.[166]

text: In contrast, Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph rated the film two stars out of five and called the plot "a curate's egg, thoroughly scrambled". He concluded, "The film squanders both of its casts, reeling from one fumbled set-piece to the next. It seems to have been constructed in a stupor, and you watch in a daze of future past".[167] Simon Abrams, writing for RogerEbert.com, gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it a "visually driven and paint-by-numbers-plot". Abrams was critical of the undeveloped subplots that built up because the film's pacing left little time to develop each element of the story set in the 1970s.[168]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

2014
Golden Trailer Awards
Best Summer 2014 Blockbuster Trailer
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[169]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Nominated
[170][171]

Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Halle Berry
Nominated

Choice Movie: Villain
Michael Fassbender
Nominated

Choice Movie: Scene Stealer
Nicholas Hoult
Nominated

Ellen Page
Nominated

Young Hollywood Awards
Best Cast Chemistry – Film
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[173]

Favorite Flick
Nominated

Fan Favorite Actor – Female
Jennifer Lawrence
Nominated

Super Superhero
Nicholas Hoult
Nominated

2015
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[174]

Favorite Action Movie
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture
Nominated
[175]

AACTA Awards
Best Visual Effects
Nominated
[176]

Visual Effects Society Awards
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects Driven Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Ricard Stammers, Blondel Aidoo, Lou Pecora, Anders Landlangs, Cameron Waldbauer
Nominated
[177]

Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Austin Bonang, Casey Schatz, Dennis Jones, Newton Thomas Sigel for the "Kitchen Scene"
Won

Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Adam Paschke, Premamurti Paetsch, Sam Hancock, Timmy Lundin for "Quicksilver Pentagon Kitchen"
Won

British Academy Film Awards
Best Special Visual Effects
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[178]

Academy Awards
Best Visual Effects
Nominated
[179]

Saturn Awards
Best Comic-to-Film Motion Picture
Nominated
[180]

Best Director
Bryan Singer
Nominated

Best Editing
John Ottman
Nominated

Best Costume
Louise Mingenbach
Nominated

Best Make-up
Adrien Morot, Norma Hill-Patton
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Female Action Star
Halle Berry
Nominated
[181]

Ellen Page
Nominated

Favorite Male Action Star
Hugh Jackman
Nominated

Favorite Movie Actor
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Best Villain
Peter Dinklage
Nominated
[182]

Empire Awards
Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Won
[183]

2016
Saturn Awards
Best DVD/BD Special Edition
X-Men: Days of Future Past (The Rogue Cut)
Won
[184]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In December 2013, Singer announced X-Men: Apocalypse, an X-Men film acting as a sequel to X-Men: Days of Future Past.[185] Singer directed from a script by Simon Kinberg, Dan Harris, and Michael Dougherty.[186] Kinberg said it would take place in 1983 and would also complete a trilogy that began with X-Men: First Class. Released in 2016, Apocalypse features the ancient mutant En Sabah Nur, who was introduced in the Days of Future Past post-credits scene,[5] awakening in the 1980s and deciding to destroy modern civilization and take over the world.[59][187] Jennifer Lawrence, James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Nicholas Hoult, Evan Peters, Lucas Till and Hugh Jackman reprise their roles, along with Rose Byrne, who returned as Moira MacTaggert from X-Men: First Class.[188] Filming began in April 2015 in Montreal, Quebec for a May 27, 2016, release.[185][189]