document_title: List of Doc Martin episodes

question_text: how many episodes are in doc martin season 7

text: List of Doc Martin episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
DVD release
Avg. UK Ratings

Series premiere
Series finale
Region 2
Region 1

1
6
2 September 2004 (2004-09-02)
7 October 2004 (2004-10-07)
31 October 2005 (2005-10-31)[1]
12 June 2007 (2007-06-12)[2]
9.32 million

2
8
10 November 2005 (2005-11-10)
5 January 2006 (2006-01-05)
3 April 2006 (2006-04-03)[3]
28 July 2009 (2009-07-28)[4]
8.68 million

TV film
25 December 2006 (2006-12-25)
29 September 2008 (2008-09-29)[5]
28 July 2009 (2009-07-28)[4]
5.88 million

3
7
24 September 2007 (2007-09-24)
5 November 2007 (2007-11-05)
18 February 2008 (2008-02-18)[6]
2 February 2010 (2010-02-02)[7]
9.12 million

4
8
20 September 2009 (2009-09-20)
8 November 2009 (2009-11-08)
1 March 2010 (2010-03-01)[8]
6 July 2010 (2010-07-06)[9]
9.15 million

5
8
12 September 2011 (2011-09-12)
31 October 2011 (2011-10-31)
5 March 2012 (2012-03-05)[10]
5 June 2012 (2012-06-05)
10.60 million

6
8
2 September 2013 (2013-09-02)
21 October 2013 (2013-10-21)
24 March 2014 (2014-03-24)
10 December 2013 (2013-12-10)
8.97 million

7
8
7 September 2015 (2015-09-07)
2 November 2015 (2015-11-02)
16 November 2015 (2015-11-16)[11]
8 December 2015 (2015-12-08)
7.61 million[A]

8
8
20 September 2017 (2017-09-20)
8 November 2017 (2017-11-08)
TBA
TBA
TBA

9
8
September 2018
November 2018
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2004)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers
(millions)[12]
Original airdate

1
1
"Going Bodmin"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
9.93
2 September 2004 (2004-09-02)

Martin attends an interview for the post of general practitioner (GP). Having unwittingly offended local teacher Louisa Glasson, he spontaneously diagnoses her glaucoma. Although pleased to renew his acquaintance with his Auntie Joan with whom he spent holidays as a boy, he is less than enamoured of the other locals he encounters and the state of his predecessor's surgery. He also inadvertently uncovers an affair between a teenager and the wife of the Lieutenant Colonel, leading to threats of a divorce, a reconciliation and then a punch on his nose. Disillusioned, Martin decides he has made a mistake and plans to return to London.[13]

2
2
"Gentlemen Prefer"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
8.98
9 September 2004 (2004-09-09)

Martin's surgery officially opens for business, but patients continue to treat it as a drop-in cafe. Former teacher Roger Fenn is hoarse and has a lump on his neck, so Martin refers him to a specialist for a biopsy. He is diagnosed with cancer and must have surgery which may cost the former singer his voice. Martin also sacks Elaine as his receptionist for her general attitude and incompetence after she inaccurately takes down the name or phone number of a boy with suspected appendicitis.[13]

3
3
"Sh*t Happens"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
8.91
16 September 2004 (2004-09-16)

A stomach bug sweeps the village, filling Martin's surgery with patients. Martin appears on the local radio station in an attempt to alert the village to a potential health scare, but his efforts misfire. Bert Large and his son have an argument over college and the future of their family businesses.[13]

4
4
"The Portwenn Effect"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
9.31
23 September 2004 (2004-09-23)

Louisa buys two tickets to the Portwenn Players Dance and invites Martin. He doesn't want to go so Louisa offers the ticket to Mark instead. Peter Cronk, a boy at Louisa's school, causes trouble on a wildlife trip and Martin meets the Park Ranger Stewart, who believes he lives with a 6 foot squirrel named Anthony.[13]
Special Guest: Ben Miller

5
5
"Of All the Harbours in All the Towns"
Ben Bolt
Kirstie Falkous & John Regier
9.45
30 September 2004 (2004-09-30)

John Slater, an old flame of Joan's, returns to the village hoping to rekindle his love affair with her, but Martin discovers he has a life-threatening heart condition. Fifteen-year-old Melanie Gibson (Stephanie Leonidas) has a crush on the doctor after he mends her dislocated shoulder.[13]
Special Guest: John Alderton

6
6
"Haemophobia"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
9.31
7 October 2004 (2004-10-07)

Martin is forced to confront his fear of blood, first when the town plays a prank on him involving ketchup as a fake injury, and then when Peter, a young lad of the town, suffers a ruptured spleen that needs an urgent operation.[13]

text: Series 2 (2005–06)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers
(millions)[12]
Original airdate

7
1
"Old Dogs"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
8.86
10 November 2005 (2005-11-10)

Louisa's old flame, Danny Steel, comes to Portwenn hoping to rekindle their romance. He is furious with Martin for interfering with his mother's move to a nursing home. A man who has a habit of inexplicably injuring himself consults Martin. Elaine has resigned and moved away with her boyfriend Greg and has been replaced by her cousin, Pauline Lamb.[14]

8
2
"In Loco"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8.19
17 November 2005 (2005-11-17)

Louisa interviews for a position as headmistress and crosses Martin by insisting that children with a highly contagious disease should still come to school against the doctor's wishes. Peter stays with Martin after Peter's mother suffers serious burns. Bert Large steps in to maintain the chip shop whilst Mrs Cronk is hospitalised, only to find his "experience in the catering trade" is a little wayward.[14]

9
3
"Blood is Thicker"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
9.26
24 November 2005 (2005-11-24)

Al discovers that Bert is not his natural father; Martin diagnoses food poisoning for a rural family with a mysterious unseen mother.[14]

10
4
"Aromatherapy"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
8.99
1 December 2005 (2005-12-01)

An old man, inexplicably emanating a horrible stench, consults Doctor Ellingham; and the local radio host, Caroline, seems to have a serious drinking problem. Julie Mitchell arrives in Portwenn and immediately catches the attention of PC Mark Mylow.[14]
Special guest: Hugh Lloyd

11
5
"Always on My Mind"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8.56
8 December 2005 (2005-12-08)

Martin examines Helen Pratt, but she collapses and dies. Her husband, Phil, is angry with the doctor and blames him for his wife's death. A feud develops between Phil and Helen's long-time friend Joan after Phil becomes convinced that Joan knew something secret about him. Joan encourages Martin to explain the circumstances of Helen's death to Phil, having previously been extremely cold and insensitive following her death. Pauline begins training to become a member of the lifeboat crew, flirting with her instructor, Ross, in the process, causing Al to become jealous.
Special guest: Roger Lloyd-Pack [14]

12
6
"The Family Way"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
8.83
15 December 2005 (2005-12-15)

Martin's cold and difficult parents come to stay with him. He hasn't seen them for seven years, and is puzzled as to why they should turn up out of the blue. Mark and Julie get engaged. Danny Steel's lung collapses whilst renovating a house and Martin examines a woman with what she claims is a thyroid, but the results turn out to be rather different.
Special guests: John Woodvine & Claire Bloom[14]

13
7
"Out of the Woods"
Minkie Spiro
Jack Lothian
8.11
22 December 2005 (2005-12-22)

PC Mark Mylow plans to spend his stag night sleeping rough in the woods with Al Large, but gets bitten by an adder. The doctor doesn't have a clue where they are and his only hope lies with the area's park ranger – Stewart.[14]

14
8
"Erotomania"
Minkie Spiro
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
8.60
5 January 2006 (2006-01-05)

Martin tries to persuade Mrs. Tishell, the pharmacist, to remove her collar, which she has worn for years. Louisa breaks up with Danny after career disagreements. A man from the Salvation Army arrives in Portwenn trying to trace a girl who left her home. Whom could he be after?[14]

text: TV film (2006)[edit]

text:
No. overall
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers
(millions)[12]
Original airdate

15
"On the Edge"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
5.88
25 December 2006 (2006-12-25)

Martin learns that he is under investigation for rude and condescending behaviour with the end result that he may have to go on a 2 week course to improve his people skills. Pauline advises him that he will have to find a new receptionist as she is returning to university to study nursing. Bert Large thinks he's struck gold when word gets out that a rare bird is nesting in the local cliffs so he borrows the police van to offer guided tours. Louisa Glasson's father Terry suddenly re-appears in the village accompanied by his friend, Jonathan. Terry had left the village under a cloud when he was accused of stealing money from the lifeboat fund but he has always maintained his innocence and Louisa remains his staunchest defender. Things get serious when Jonathan stops taking his medication and takes Martin, Louisa and Pauline prisoner and the problems in the town heat up.[15]

text: Series 3 (2007)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers
(millions)[12]
Original airdate

16
1
"The Apple Doesn't Fall"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8.10
24 September 2007 (2007-09-24)

Martin believes Louisa may be anaemic after she passes out in front of her class. A young girl is treated for hyperactivity and it's suspected that she's been taking her Mum's diet pills. After the horror and shock of discovering his fiance Julie's secret, Constable Mark Mylow has left — PC Joe Penhale (John Marquez) arrives in Portwenn to replace him, arousing attention from the doc, who discovers him unconscious at the wheel of his police car.[16] Titled Tick Tock in American release.

17
2
"Movement"
Ben Bolt
Nick Vivian
8.58
1 October 2007 (2007-10-01)

Bert Large abandons his plumbing business in favour of running a restaurant. Following the restaurant's opening, several cases of food poisoning occur with Louisa being one of the victims.[16] Titled The Morning After in American release.

18
3
"City Slickers"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8.84
8 October 2007 (2007-10-08)

A couple and their son move in next door to Louisa causing problems for her, Martin and the local people. Residents also begin to discover something unusual about PC Penhale[16] Titled Love Thy Neighbor in American release.

19
4
"The Admirer"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
8.81
15 October 2007 (2007-10-15)

Hotel owner Carrie Wilson has her sights on Martin much to Louisa's chagrin. Joan has an admirer in painter Edward Melville, who is 30 years younger than she.[16] Titled The GP Always Rings Twice in American release.

20
5
"The Holly Bears a Prickle"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
9.21
22 October 2007 (2007-10-22)

Pauline's gambling addiction finally comes to a head after an explosive confrontation in the surgery. Martin and Louisa go out on a date, but it is ruined by an inappropriate remark, and Louisa ends their relationship. Louisa's friend, Holly (Lucy Robinson), injures her back while walking in Portwenn. The episode ends with Martin proposing to Louisa, telling her he can't imagine life without her. [16] Titled Breaking Up Is Hard to Do in American release.

21
6
"Nowt So Queer"
Ben Bolt
Keith Temple
9.92
29 October 2007 (2007-10-29)

The news of Martin and Louisa's engagement spreads like wildfire through Portwenn. A mysterious respiratory infection breaks out in the village. Martin becomes concerned about a patient who lives with her domineering and sinister sister, a biochemist. Al Large is concerned about his finances. [16]Titled The Two of Us in American release

22
7
"Happily Ever After"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
10.37
5 November 2007 (2007-11-05)

On the day of their wedding, Louisa's bridesmaid is hit in the eye with a party popper; the local florist gets arrested and his shop shuttered. Bert Large has to make contingency plans for the wedding party. Martin suggests the vicar has a drink problem and later catches him with a bottle of whiskey. The vicar ends up in hospital after falling over and fracturing his hip. Martin has to find a replacement, and pays a high price for his services. Louisa's maid of honor has another emergency.[16] Titled In Sickness and In Health in American release.

text: Series 4 (2009)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers
(millions)[12]
Original airdate

23
1
"Better the Devil"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
8.30
20 September 2009 (2009-09-20)

Life in the beautiful Cornish village of Portwenn has become ever more infuriating for Dr. Martin Ellingham since his and Louisa's heart-wrenching decision to call off their wedding. Louisa has left the village, and Martin has begun to question what keeps him in Cornwall. It's certainly not his relentlessly annoying patients. Mrs Tishell's husband Clive returns to his wife and concerns the doctor with his lack of hearing. Martin's ex-girlfriend Dr. Edith Montgomery aids a patient of his, and the pair immediately come to a disagreement over the patient's need for an operation. The episode ends with the return of Louisa and her surprise news.[17]

24
2
"Uneasy Lies the Head"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
8.03
27 September 2009 (2009-09-27)

Dr. Martin Ellingham struggles to deal with Louisa's news, and is conflicted over what action to take. But Louisa is adamant she does not want Martin involved. Auntie Joan, however, is highly insistent that she help Louisa through the pregnancy. Louisa takes a job back at Portwenn Primary School, where the headmaster is creating suspicion and public concern over his increasingly erratic behaviour. Martin realises the schoolmaster is unwell when he evacuates blue urine. Things come to a frightening turn when he takes a class of schoolchildren to the beach.
Special guest: David Haig[17]

25
3
"Perish Together as Fools"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8.71
4 October 2009 (2009-10-04)

Dr. Martin Ellingham is shocked to find Louisa and Aunt Joan knocking at his door before the Surgery has opened. Louisa has had a medical scare and wants Martin's reassurance that everything is fine. PC Joe Penhale's big brother Sam comes to Portwenn. Louisa moves in with an old man who wants to move to a nursing home but Martin refuses his request. The doctor is less than pleased when he hears the surgery needs to be re-decorated. Al Large goes to lengths in order to convince Pauline he is good enough for her.[17]

26
4
"Driving Mr. McIynn"
Minkie Spiro
Richard Stoneman
9.21
11 October 2009 (2009-10-11)

Dr. Martin Ellingham is called to Louisa's new home after she has a dizzy spell while shifting furniture. Martin urges her to slow down, but is shocked to learn that Louisa has applied to be her school's headteacher again, with the previous one getting porphyria and having to leave. Martin refuses an application to an elderly couple for a disabled parking badge when the wheelchair bound man refuses to prove he is indeed disabled, thus when Martin tries to gain proof anyway, he ends up stabbing the man in his hand with a surgical pin.[17]

27
5
"The Departed"
Minkie Spiro
Jack Lothian
9.49
18 October 2009 (2009-10-18)

Dr. Martin Ellingham is in London to meet Robert Dashwood, who is leading the selection process for the prestigious Imperial College London surgeon's job that Martin has applied for. Robert can tell that Martin is excited to be back in the world of surgery, and is pleased when Martin says he has finally conquered his debilitating blood phobia. Robert is confident that Martin will get the job. Meanwhile, a family sues Joan after she traps their highly troublesome child in her chicken coop, after which he develops a mysterious malaise.[17]

28
6
"Midwife Crisis"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
9.23
25 October 2009 (2009-10-25)

Dr. Martin Ellingham meets Portwenn's new midwife, Molly, who will be looking after Louisa. Martin is dismissive of her profession and irritated by her prejudiced attitude towards him and by her insistence that men aren't needed to help pregnant women. Thus the two of them do not hit it off. In the meantime, Bert hires Marigold to work in the restaurant kitchen. She responds by bringing him game to use in the restaurant. Her husband Michael becomes deathly ill, Marigold shows some milder, but similar symptoms, and when Bert calls in Martin to look at Michael, the Doc finds spoiled roadkill (the very same game Marigold has been supplying Bert) in the kitchen cupboard. He determines that they both are suffering from toxoplasmosis from eating bad meat. [17]

29
7
"Do Not Disturb"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
9.95
1 November 2009 (2009-11-01)

Dr. Martin Ellingham seeks out Louisa to talk about his new surgeon's job at Imperial College London, but they are interrupted by Bert, who wants to plan a baby shower for Louisa. Joan opens up her house to the public as a B&B, and her first guest is an old friend with disgusting breath and a constipation issue. Martin and Pauline exchange angry words when she discovers a letter offering him a job at Imperial College London, with Martin incensed that she opened his mail in the first place.[17]

30
8
"The Wrong Goodbye"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
10.28
8 November 2009 (2009-11-08)

Dr. Martin Ellingham and Pauline are surprised by the number of patients coming to see him on the last day before his Surgery closes and he moves to London, but after a series of mishaps, including the taxi driver crashing his car with Louisa inside it, Louisa goes into labour and the Doc is facing a dilemma; should he move away or stick around to support Louisa and their newborn child?[17]

text: Series 5 (2011)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers (millions)
includes ITV1 HD and ITV1 +1 broadcasts[18]
Original airdate

31
1
"Preserve the Romance"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
10.24
12 September 2011 (2011-09-12)

Curmudgeonly Martin Ellingham's plans to resume his career as a consultant in London are put on hold with the birth of the son he fathered with his now estranged partner, Louisa Glasson. At the surgery, new doctor Diana Dibbs is excited to begin work, but Martin begins to have serious doubts about her competence after she misdiagnoses patients, dishes out prescriptions for totally inappropriate drugs and advises patients to up dosages if problems persist. Pauline has left and got a job in Bristol, and replaced as receptionist by the new doctor's husband, much to Dr Ellingham's shock. Later, Ellingham receives some devastating news: the day previously when driving over Bodmin Moor to visit Louisa in hospital with the new baby, Aunt Joan had a heart attack and died at the wheel of her parked car.

32
2
"Dry Your Tears"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
10.66
19 September 2011 (2011-09-19)

Determined to get to grips with fatherhood, Martin asks Louisa to move into his house so he can help to raise their son. He even suggests that Louisa and 'baby' could move to London with him. Louisa is none too sure about the move to London. Meanwhile, Aunt Joan's sister Ruth Ellingham turns up at Portwenn for Joan's funeral. Aunt Ruth is a doctor like Ellingham and his father Christopher, but she is a psychiatrist. Aunt Ruth, Aunt Joan, and Ellingham's father Chris were all siblings. Ellingham turns Joan's funeral into a medical warning. Aunt Ruth has no intentions of staying until Martin reveals that Aunt Joan's farm is all Ruth's.

33
3
"Born with a Shotgun"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
10.37
26 September 2011 (2011-09-26)

Ellingham has a new receptionist, Morwenna Newcross, an attractive teenage girl to replace Pauline. Morwenna fails to make a good impression on the doc by arriving late on her first day. Her grandfather William Winchelcy gives her some 'magic pills' to make sure she is on time, and bright as a button at work. Sleepless nights are taking their toll on Martin and Louisa. Tempers are frayed as they try to find ways to comfort their constantly wailing baby. Meanwhile, Aunt Ruth is dealing with an artistic intruder on the farm, Michael Dunwich, who has stolen the hub caps from her car and whose mother, Mrs Dunwich, is having mysterious abdominal and mental problems, and also believes her son is trying to poison her. Can Dr Ellingham and Constable Penhale solve the mystery?

34
4
"Mother Knows Best"
Ben Bolt
Chris Hurford, Tom Butterworth
10.43
3 October 2011 (2011-10-03)

It's Portwenn Fun Day and the village is buzzing with excitement about this major fund raising event. PC Penhale is in his element rallying the runners and whipping up support. The event sparks culinary rivalry between Bert Large who runs Large's restaurant with son Al and Mark, the landlord of the Crab and Lobster pub. They are both keen to take advantage of the day to boost their takings by providing food for the runners and spectators. Also, Louisa's mother Eleanor (played by Louise Jameson) arrives unexpectedly, and Martin and Louisa find their son is sleeping through usual feeds until they find out her mother gave him some of her brew to calm him down.

35
5
"Remember Me"
Paul Seed
Jack Lothian
10.66
10 October 2011 (2011-10-10)

PC Joe Penhale has an unexpected visitor in the shape of his ex-wife Maggie, who appears to have completely forgotten that they split up a couple of years ago. Joe takes her to Large's restaurant, where fellow diner Martin quickly spots that Maggie is showing symptoms of amnesia. Louisa's mother Eleanor catches up with her old school friend Paul, a local fisherman, who takes her out on a date. Morwenna arrives at the surgery with an injured foot and the doctor grimaces at the sight of the blood as he treats the wound. Ellingham notices that Morwenna avoids having an injection and realises she is frightened of needles. PC Penhale warns Martin and Louisa that if they do not register a name for their son soon, the state will be forced to step in. In the end they name their son James Henry Ellingham.

36
6
"Don't Let Go"
Ben Bolt
Chris Hurford, Tom Butterworth
10.86
17 October 2011 (2011-10-17)

In an effort to get Maggie to stay in Portwenn after she gets the all-clear, PC Joe Penhale tries to prove that he is the man for her – and even engineers situations where he can show off his macho side to impress her. Maggie does eventually leave but she and PC Penhale part on good terms. Martin steps in when school caretaker Mr Coley becomes confused after breathing carbon monoxide and puts the children of the school at risk. Tensions mount between Martin and Louisa as they find themselves unable to agree on anything, from schooling for their son to what to have for dinner. Feeling that things will never change, not wanting to move to London and that Martin is incapable of showing affection Louisa takes James and moves in with her mother.

37
7
"Cats & Sharks"
Paul Seed
Richard Stoneman
10.92
24 October 2011 (2011-10-24)

Bert Large's restaurant business is in financial trouble. He can't even afford the food and drink for a charity event to raise money for Florence Dingle's cat sanctuary. Mrs Dingle is distraught. She desperately needs the money to continue to look after the cats and kittens in her care. Bert is also being chased by loan sharks Alastair Tonken and his son Norman for the repayment of £1,000 they gave him to clear his debts, warning of repercussions if he doesn't pay up. Mrs Tishell's infatuation for Martin increases, encouraged by his continued separation from Louisa. Martin, assisted by Morwenna, performs an emergency hernia operation on Louisa's mother Eleanor and saves her life when the ambulance's arrival is delayed.

38
8
"Ever After"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
10.65
31 October 2011 (2011-10-31)

Mrs Tishell discovers that she can no longer hide her infatuation with Dr Ellingham and she decides that she must take drastic action, fuelled by a cocktail of drugs that are affecting her judgment. Martin asks her to look after James for the day. Mrs Tishell mis-dispenses eyedrops to PC Penhale causing him to crash his Land Rover. Mrs Tishell mistakenly thinks that Martin has sent her a covert message through a young couple he has treated and vanishes with James to a nearby holiday home. The drugs, for a few hours, cause her to think that James is her and Ellingham's son. Martin, Louisa, Aunt Ruth and PC Penhale chase after her. To coax her out of the locked house, Martin pretends to profess his love for Mrs Tishell and a desire to stay in Portwenn, while actually aiming his remarks at Louisa. James Henry is rescued, Martin and Louisa profess their love, kiss and reconcile.

text: Series 6 (2013)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers (millions)
includes ITV HD and ITV +1 broadcasts[18]
Original airdate

39
1
"Sickness and Health"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
9.51
2 September 2013 (2013-09-02)

Wedding bells are ringing for the Doc and Louisa. But will the marriage finally go ahead? The Doc is irritated by PC Penhale, who wrongly presumes he is best man, plus Louisa is late. The Reverend has his doubts as to whether she will turn up, putting Martin on edge. Meanwhile, Ruth is having a rough time looking after James. He refused to eat his dinner and he won't settle, crying continuously. To make matters worse, they have a power cut.

40
2
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?"
Nigel Cole
Ben Bolt
9.05
9 September 2013 (2013-09-09)

It is Louisa's first day back at school and their new child minder, Mel, is late for work. When Mel finally does arrive Martin is dubious about handing James over to this woman who is constantly scratching. Martin insists the new nanny have a medical appointment to diagnose the cause of the itch. Meanwhile, Ruth has been roped into doing a phone-in programme on Radio Portwenn with Caroline the DJ, and a listener called 'Cliff' phones in saying he finds it difficult to make friends.

41
3
"The Tameness of a Wolf"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
8.36
16 September 2013 (2013-09-16)

Two fishermen wake the Doc and Louisa at the crack of dawn - they found a man collapsed on the beach. Martin examines the mystery man. His name is Robert Campbell. When Robert realises the Doc is Dr Ellingham, he starts to probe Martin about his family. Meanwhile, It's Mike's first day looking after James. Louisa is frosty with him. When she gets to school she can't help but feel uneasy and sneaks back home to check up on Mike. Al rents Morwenna's spare room.

42
4
"Nobody Likes Me"
Paul Seed
Charlie Martin
8.89
23 September 2013 (2013-09-23)

Louisa wants Martin to engage more with James, so she arranges for him to take their baby to playgroup, where he has to pair up with a mother and daughter and sing songs. Meanwhile, Al signs up to a dating website, Bert is suspicious when he catches Jennifer in the bathroom with a needle, and Ruth moves into a cottage in the village, but soon has a spot of trouble with her grumpy new neighbour.

43
5
"The Practice Around the Corner"
Paul Seed
Julian Unthank
9.17
30 September 2013 (2013-09-30)

Mrs Tishell returns to the village, and her affection for Martin quickly disappears when he refuses to pass her fit for work. As if he didn't have enough on his plate, Martin must also face his fear of blood when tests show that Lorna has a high level of ferritin, which is placing a strain on her heart and liver. Meanwhile, Penhale hopes to be selected for an elite police squad by taking part in a survival training course, which goes horribly wrong when he shoots himself in the foot.

44
6
"Hazardous Exposure"
Paul Seed
Charlie Martin
9.09
7 October 2013 (2013-10-07)

Bert pops the question to Jennifer, and Ruth finds fault with Al's business proposal. Hypochondriac Malcolm Rayner is struggling with his breathing and Martin asks him if he has ever worked with asbestos. Penhale then spreads pandemonium by putting up warning notices about the substance's harmful properties throughout the village.

45
7
"Listen with Mother"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
8.58
14 October 2013 (2013-10-14)

Mrs Tishell finds herself falling in love with Martin all over again. Al receives a visit from two military policemen who are trying to track down Baby James's babysitter, Mike Pruddy. Martin becomes convinced that something is wrong with him following a conversation with his mother. The school sports day ends up in disaster, and Louisa's attempts at getting him to open up about the loss of his father prove futile.

46
8
"Departure"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
9.07
21 October 2013 (2013-10-21)

Louisa decides to leave for Spain with baby James and says an awkward goodbye to Martin, but when he finds the scan of her brain, he spots a malformation and realises she could suffer a haemorrhage if she gets on the plane. Will the doctor make it to the airport in time? Meanwhile, disaster strikes at Bert and Jennifer's engagement party.

text: Series 7 (2015)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers (millions)
includes ITV HD and ITV +1 broadcasts[18][A]
Original airdate

47
1
"Rescue Me"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
6.64
7 September 2015 (2015-09-07)

With Louisa visiting her mother in Spain to get some perspective on their marriage, Martin knows he needs to try to change for the sake of their relationship, so he endeavours to keep his promise to her to see a therapist. Aunt Ruth arranges an appointment for him with Dr Rachel Timoney, but a lifeboat training exercise causes problems for the doctor.

48
2
"The Shock of the New"
Nigel Cole
Julian Unthank
7.33
14 September 2015 (2015-09-14)

Al welcomes his first fishing guests but an uninvited one means that a good review is definitely not guaranteed, while Bert decides to try to rejuvenate trade at the restaurant by joining an online voucher scheme. Morwenna asks Martin for a pay rise, and Louisa has to find a new babysitter to look after James Henry and reluctantly decides to offer Janice a trial. Penhale is excited to receive his new police issue Taser, but Portwenn does not exactly offer him plenty of opportunities to try it out.

49
3
"It's Good to Talk"
Nigel Cole
Charlie Martin & Jack Lothian
6.72
21 September 2015 (2015-09-21)

Martin decides to move out of the Surgery to give Louisa space, leaving Mrs Tishell concerned he will not be able to look after himself on his own. Penhale helps Janice babysit, and Al is very concerned when he finds out about Bert's behaviour and when he hears there are bailiffs at the restaurant.

50
4
"Education, Education, Education"
Charles Palmer
Richard Stoneman
8.26
28 September 2015 (2015-09-28)

Louisa and Martin have their first therapy session together - though neither of them was expecting they would be given homework. Morwenna is not amused when Peter Cronk, who is on work experience starts trying to boss her around in the surgery. Mrs Tishell is surprised when her husband Clive returns and tells her he wants to give things another go, and Louisa has to call Martin when one of her pupils collapses during a school excursion.

51
5
"Control-Alt-Delete"
Charles Palmer
Julian Unthank
8.06
5 October 2015 (2015-10-05)

Reaching breaking point with being followed around by Buddy, Martin resolves to find a vet to have the dog put down once and for all. Meanwhile, Ruth finds out that Bert has been trying to make his own whisky. Clive is suspicious of Mrs Tishell and who she might be cooking meals for, Penhale makes a hash of asking Janice out, and Louisa and Martin's therapy homework results in a picnic on the beach, where they are interrupted by local vet Angela Sim - who appears to be hallucinating.
Special Guest: Caroline Quentin

52
6
"Other People's Children"
Ben Gregor
Julian Unthank
7.82
19 October 2015 (2015-10-19)

Louisa helps out her ex-boyfriend Danny when he brings seven children from London to camp on Ruth's farm - supervised by Al and Bert - while she and Martin plan a date on the advice of Dr Timoney. However, their night at the restaurant is interrupted when Danny calls saying one of the youngsters has gone missing. Things get worse for the couple when Martin uncovers a health scare at James's first birthday party that makes all the guests leave very quickly.

53
7
"Facta Non Verba"
Ben Gregor
Richard Stoneman
8.04
26 October 2015 (2015-10-26)

Louisa is not best pleased when her new art teacher Erica wants to try out some rather alternative ideas on the children, while Dr Timoney is involved in a car accident outside the school. Penhale is confused when he is offered a transfer to Exeter, Bert decides to go back to being a handyman, and Louisa and Martin are intrigued when Dr Timoney invites them for an additional therapy session.
Special Guest: Sigourney Weaver & Gemma Jones

54
8
"The Doctor Is Out"
Ben Gregor
Jack Lothian
8.03
2 November 2015 (2015-11-02)

Louisa worries Dr Timoney's suggestion that she and Martin aren't meant to be together might have prompted him to leave Portwenn for good. Calling on Ruth, Morwenna and Janice for help, she tries to track the down the missing GP, with no luck. However, what Dr Ellingham's friends and family fail to realise is that he is actually trapped up at the Wilton farm, where desperate wife Annie is trying to coerce him into curing her seriously ill husband Jim. Meanwhile, Ruth and Bert offer Al a proposition regarding the whisky and the B&B..
Special Guest: Gemma Jones

text: Series 8 (2017)[edit]

text:
No. overall
No. in series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Viewers (millions)
includes ITV HD and ITV +1 broadcasts[18][A]
Original airdate

55
1
"Mysterious Ways"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
7.04
20 September 2017 (2017-09-20)

56
2
"Sons and Lovers"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
6.67
27 September 2017 (2017-09-27)

57
3
"Farewell, My Lovely"
Nigel Cole
Julian Unthank
TBA
4 October 2017 (2017-10-04)

58
4
"Faith"
TBA
TBA
TBA
11 October 2017 (2017-10-11)

59
5
"From the Mouths of Babes"
TBA
TBA
TBA
18 October 2017 (2017-10-18)

text: Notes[edit]

text: A. ^ Episode 1 is based on 28 day data from BARB for ITV and ITV+1. Episodes 2 and 3 are based on 28 day data from BARB for ITV and ITV+1 and 7 day data for ITV HD. Episodes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are based on 28 day data from BARB for ITV, ITV+1 and ITV HD.


document_title: This Is Us (TV series)

question_text: when is jack's birthday on this is us

question_tokens: when is jack 's birthday on this is us

root

text: This Is Us (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series follows siblings Kevin, Kate, and Randall (known as the "Big Three") as their lives intertwine,[4] and their parents Jack and Rebecca Pearson. It is shown in both present day and in flashbacks.

tag: p

text: Kevin and Kate are the two surviving members of a triplet pregnancy, conceived after Super Bowl XIV at "Froggy's" in Pittsburgh.[5] Their due date is October 12, 1980, but they are born six weeks early on August 31 (Jack's birthday); their biological brother is stillborn.[6] After losing their third baby, Jack and Rebecca decide to adopt Randall, a black child born the same day and brought to the same hospital after his biological father abandons him at a fire station.[4]

text: Episodes weave through the stories of the past and present of the characters, with most scenes taking place in four periods: c.1980–1981, c.1988–1990, c.1995–1998, and the present day (2016–2018). Most flashback scenes occur in Pittsburgh, where the "Big Three" are born and raised. Current scenes are typically split among Los Angeles, New Jersey, and New York City. In each episode, most flashback scenes, relate to current scenes, shows Jack, who dies when the "Big Three" are 17[7]—and Rebecca when they are either babies, ages 8–10, or ages 15–17.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson: Rebecca's husband, and Kate, Kevin, and Randall's father.
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson (née Malone): Jack's wife, and Kate, Kevin, and Randall's mother.
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's adopted son, and Kate and Kevin's brother. Also played by Niles Fitch (ages 15–17) and Lonnie Chavis (ages 8–10).
Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin and Randall's sister. Also played by Hannah Zeile (ages 15–17) and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8–10).
Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's son, and Kate and Randall's brother. Also played by Logan Shroyer (ages 15–17) and Parker Bates (ages 8–10).
Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson: Randall's wife, and mother of Tess and Annie.
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon: Kate's fiancé.
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill: Randall's biological father. Also played by Jermel Nakia as a young adult.
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas: Jack's best friend and Rebecca's second husband. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[8]
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie: Kate's childhood best friend as well as Kevin's childhood love and ex-wife. Also played by Amanda Leighton (ages 15–17) and Sophia Coto (age 10). (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[8]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson: Randall and Beth's older daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson: Randall and Beth's younger daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K): An elderly widower, who delivers Kate and Kevin.
Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine: Kevin's former stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg: Kevin's stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette: A family friend of the Pearsons.
Denis O'Hare as Jesse: William's friend and former romantic partner.
Adam Bartley as Duke: The stable worker at the weight-loss camp Kate attends.
Jill Johnson as Laurie: A member of Toby and Kate's weight-loss support group.
Lyric Ross as Deja: Randall and Beth's foster child.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Avg. viewership (inc. DVR)
(in millions)

1
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
6
14.70[9]

2
18[3]
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)[10]
TBA
TBA

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
1AZC01
10.07[11]

2
2
"The Big Three"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
1AZC02
8.75[12]

3
3
"Kyle"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
1AZC03
9.87[13]

4
4
"The Pool"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman & Donald Todd
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
1AZC04
9.71[14]

5
5
"The Game Plan"
George Tillman
Joe Lawson
October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
1AZC05
8.68[15]

6
6
"Career Days"
Craig Zisk
Bekah Brunstetter
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
1AZC06
8.48[16]

7
7
"The Best Washing Machine in the World"
Silas Howard
K.J. Steinberg
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
1AZC07
9.50[17]

8
8
"Pilgrim Rick"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
1AZC08
9.00[18]

9
9
"The Trip"
Uta Briesewitz
Vera Herbert
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
1AZC09
10.53[19]

10
10
"Last Christmas"
Helen Hunt
Donald Todd
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
1AZC10
10.95[20]

11
11
"The Right Thing to Do"
Timothy Busfield
Aurin Squire
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
1AZC11
10.48[21]

12
12
"The Big Day"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Laura Kenar
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
1AZC12
9.59[22]

13
13
"Three Sentences"
Chris Koch
Joe Lawson & Bekah Brunstetter
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
1AZC13
9.63[23]

14
14
"I Call Marriage"
George Tillman Jr.
Kay Oyegun
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
1AZC14
9.57[24]

15
15
"Jack Pearson's Son"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
1AZC15
9.03[25]

16
16
"Memphis"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
1AZC16
9.35[26]

17
17
"What Now?"
Wendey Stanzler
K.J. Steinberg & Vera Herbert
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
1AZC17
11.15[27]

18
18
"Moonshadow"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
1AZC18
12.84[28]

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"A Father's Advice"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
2AZC01
12.94[29]

20
2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
John Fortenberry
Dan Fogelman & Bekah Brunstetter
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
2AZC02
11.06[30]

21
3
"Déjà Vu"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
2AZC03
11.02[31]

22
4
"Still There"
Ken Olin
Vera Herbert
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
2AZC04
10.65[32]

23
5
"Brothers"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Tyler Bensinger
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2AZC05
10.60[33]

24
6
"The 20's"
Regina King
Don Roos
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2AZC06
8.43[34]

25
7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
Chris Koch
Kay Oyegun
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2AZC07
9.89[35]

26
8
"Number One"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2AZC08
10.05[36]

27
9
"Number Two"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg & Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
2AZC09
9.34[37]

28
10
"Number Three"
Ken Olin
Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
2AZC10
10.94[38]

29
11
"The Fifth Wheel"
Chris Koch
Vera Herbert
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
2AZC11
9.65[39]

30
12
"Clooney"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
2AZC12
9.82[40]

31
13
"That'll Be the Day"
Uta Briesewitz
Kay Oyegun & Don Roos
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
2AZC13
9.37[41]

32
14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 4, 2018 (2018-02-04)
2AZC14
26.97[42]

33
15
"The Car"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
2AZC15
10.13[43]

34
16
"Vegas, Baby"[44]
TBA
TBA
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
2AZC16
TBD

text: Release[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In May 2017, Hulu acquired the SVOD rights to new and past episodes of the series to air exclusively on Hulu, in addition to NBC.com and the NBC app.[45]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 89% approval rating for the first season with an average rating of 7.72/10 based on 63 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, This Is Us will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since Parenthood went off the air."[46] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[47] Season 2 received a 94% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews.[48]

text: Entertainment Weekly gave the first few episodes of This Is Us a rating of B, calling it "a refreshing respite from the relational violence and pessimism that marks the other buzz soaps that have bubbled forth from a culture of divisiveness". Moreover, they praised all the actors, specifically Sterling K. Brown, for being able to navigate "his scenes with such intelligence, authenticity, and charisma".[49]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Tuesday 10:00 pm (1–2, 11)
Tuesday 9:00 pm (3–10, 12–18)
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
10.07[11]
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
12.84[50]
2016–17
6
14.70
4.6/16[9]

2
Tuesday 9:00 pm (1–13, 15–18)
Sunday 10:30 pm (14)
18[3]
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
12.94[29]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
African-American Critics Association Awards
Top Ten TV Show
This Is Us
Won

American Film Institute Awards
TV Program of the Year
This Is Us
Won
[51]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[52]

Most Exciting New Series
This Is Us
Won
[52]

2017
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Commercial Television
David L. Bertman (for "Pilot")
Won
[53]

Creative Arts Emmy Awards[a]
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield
Nominated
[55]

Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Brian Tyree Henry
Nominated

Gerald McRaney
Won

Denis O'Hare
Nominated

Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Zoe Hay, Heather Plott, Elizabeth Hoel-Chang, Judith Lynn Staats, John Damiani
Nominated

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Ron Cephas Jones
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated
[56]

Mandy Moore
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Outstanding Music Supervision – Television
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[57]

MTV Movie & TV Awards
Best Actor in a Show
Mandy Moore
Nominated
[58]

Show of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Tearjerker
Milo Ventimiglia and Lonnie Chavis (Jack and Randall at Karate)
Won

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[59]

Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Peabody Awards
Entertainment and Children's programs
This Is Us
Nominated
[60]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Actor in a New TV Series
Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated
[61]

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Mandy Moore
Nominated

Favorite New TV Drama
This Is Us
Won

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[62]

Seoul International Drama Awards
Best Director
Dan Fogelman
Nominated
[63]

Grand Prize
This Is Us
Won

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Breakout Star
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Choice TV Show: Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Television Critics Association Awards
Individual Achievement in Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[64]

Outstanding Achievement in Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding New Program
This Is Us
Won

Program of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Writers Guild of America Awards
Episodic Drama
Vera Herbert (for "The Trip")
Won
[65]
[66]

New Series
This Is Us
Nominated

2018
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[67]

Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[68]

Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
Best Music Supervision in a Television Drama
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[69]

Best Song/Recording Created for Television
"We Can Always Come Back To This"
Nominated

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[70]

Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Susan Kelechi Watson
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series
Vera Herbert (for "Still Here")
Nominated

Satellite Awards
Best Musical Or Comedy Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[71]

Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
This Is Us
Won

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ In 2017, Hala Bahmet, Marina Ray and Elinor Bardach were nominated for Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie. The nomination was rescinded after it was determined that the submitted episode "Moonshadow" was primarily set in the 1970s, violating the TV Academy's rule that "more than 50 percent" of the episode must be contemporary (within 25 years of the air date).[54]

tag: ol


document_title: Norman architecture

question_text: who was responsible in bringing to england the norman romanesque architecture

text: Norman architecture

text: Origins[edit]

text: These Romanesque styles originated in Normandy and became widespread in north western Europe, particularly in England, which contributed considerable development and has the largest number of surviving examples. At about the same time a Norman dynasty ruled in Sicily, producing a distinctive variation incorporating Byzantine and Saracen influences which is also known as Norman architecture, or alternatively as Sicilian Romanesque. Ancient Rome's invention of the arch is the basis of all Norman architecture.

text: The term may have originated with eighteenth-century antiquarians, but its usage in a sequence of styles has been attributed to Thomas Rickman in his 1817 work An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture from the Conquest to the Reformation which used the labels "Norman, Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular". The more inclusive term romanesque was used of the Romance languages in English by 1715,[1] and was applied to architecture of the eleventh and twelfth centuries from 1819.[2] Although Edward the Confessor built Westminster Abbey in Romanesque style (now all replaced by later rebuildings) just before the Conquest, which is still believed to be the earliest major Romanesque building in England, no significant remaining Romanesque architecture in Britain can clearly be shown to predate the Conquest, although historians believe that many surviving "Norman" elements in buildings, nearly all churches, may well in fact be Anglo-Saxon.

text: Norman arch[edit]

text: The Norman arch is a defining point of Norman architecture. Grand archways are designed to evoke feelings of awe and are very commonly seen as the entrance to large religious buildings such as cathedrals.

text: Normandy[edit]

text: Viking invaders arrived at the mouth of the river Seine in 911, at a time when Franks were fighting on horseback and Frankish lords were building castles. Over the next century the population of the territory ceded to the Vikings, now called Normans, adopted these customs as well as Christianity and the langue d'oïl. Norman Barons built timber castles on earthen mounds, beginning the development of motte-and-bailey castles, and great stone churches in the Romanesque style of the Franks. By 950 they were building stone keeps. The Normans were among the most travelled peoples of Europe, exposed to a wide variety of cultural influences including the Near East, some of which became incorporated in their art and architecture. They elaborated on the Early Christian basilica plan, longitudinal with side aisles and an apse, and a western façade with two towers as at the Church of Saint-Étienne at Caen begun in 1067, which formed a model for the larger English cathedrals beginning some twenty years later.

text: England[edit]

text: In England, Norman nobles and bishops had influence before the Norman Conquest of 1066, and Norman influences affected late Anglo-Saxon architecture. Edward the Confessor was brought up in Normandy, and in 1042 brought masons to work on Westminster Abbey, the first Romanesque building in England. In 1051 he brought in Norman knights who built "motte" castles as a defence against the Welsh. Following the invasion Normans rapidly constructed motte-and-bailey castles, and in a burst of building activity built churches and abbeys, as well as more elaborate fortifications including Norman stone keeps.

text: The buildings show massive proportions in simple geometries, the masonry with small bands of sculpture, perhaps as blind arcading, and concentrated spaces of capitals and round doorways and in the tympanum under an arch. The "Norman arch" is the round arch. Norman mouldings are carved or incised with geometric ornament, such as chevron patterns, frequently termed "zig-zag mouldings", around arches. The cruciform churches often had deep chancels and a square crossing tower which has remained a feature of English ecclesiastical architecture. Hundreds of parish churches were built and the great English cathedrals were founded from 1083.

text: After a fire damaged Canterbury Cathedral in 1174 Norman masons introduced the new Gothic architecture. Around 1191 Wells Cathedral and Lincoln Cathedral brought in the English Gothic style, and Norman became increasingly a modest style of provincial building.

text: Ecclesiastical architecture[edit]

text:
Oxford Castle 1074: church tower doubles as a place of refuge
St John's Chapel (c. 1087), Tower of London
Durham Cathedral (from 1093) was the first to employ a ribbed vault system with pointed arches
Winchester Cathedral (from 1079)
Ely Cathedral (1083–1109)
Peterborough Cathedral (from 1118)
Kilpeck Church, Herefordshire
St Nicholas Church, Pyrford, Surrey (c. 1140)
Southwell Minster
St Mary the Virgin, Iffley, Oxfordshire (1170)
St Swithun's in Nately Scures, Hampshire (1175), an example of a Norman single-cell apsidal church.
Norwich Cathedral (1096–1145)
St Edward's Church (eleventh century)
St Botolph's Priory, Colchester
St John's Abbey, Colchester
St Peter’s Church, Tickencote, Rutland – Norman chancel

text: Bibliography

text: Sedding, Edmund H. (1909) Norman Architecture in Cornwall: a handbook to old ecclesiastical architecture. With over 160 plates. London: Ward & Co.

text: Military architecture[edit]

text:
White Tower (Tower of London)
Rochester Castle
Norwich Castle
Colchester Castle, the largest Norman castle built and the first stone Keep in England[3][4]
Hedingham Castle, Essex

text: Domestic architecture[edit]

text:
Jew's House, Lincoln
Boothby Pagnell Manor, Lincolnshire
Oakham Castle, Rutland
Moyse's Hall Museum Bury St Edmunds Suffolk (c.1180)[5]

text: Scotland[edit]

text: Scotland also came under early Norman influence, with Norman nobles at the court of King Macbeth around 1050. His successor Máel Coluim III overthrew him with English and Norman assistance, and his queen Margaret encouraged the church. The Benedictine order founded a monastery at Dunfermline. Her sixth and youngest son who became King David built St. Margaret's Chapel at the start of the 12th century.

text: Ecclesiastical architecture[edit]

text:
Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline (founded about 1070 by St Margaret) grid reference NT089872
St Andrew Cathedral (from about 1070) grid reference NO516166
St. Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh Castle (early 12th century) grid reference NT252735
Dalmeny parish church (from about 1130) grid reference NT144775
St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall (from about 1137) grid reference HY449112
Jedburgh Abbey, Jedburgh (founded about 1138 by David I) grid reference NT650204
St Athernase Church, Leuchars (12th century) grid reference NO455215

text: Kirkliston Parish Church. With rare examples of late 12th century "Norman Transitional" architecture[3

text: Ireland[edit]

text: The Normans first landed in Ireland in 1169. Within five years earthwork castles were springing up, and in a further five, work was beginning on some of the earliest of the great stone castles. For example, Hugh de Lacy built a Motte-and-bailey castle on the site of the present day Trim Castle, County Meath, which was attacked and burned in 1173 by the Irish king Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair. De Lacy, however, then constructed a stone castle in its place, which enclosed over three acres within its walls, and this could not be burned down by the Irish. The years between 1177 and 1310 saw the construction of some of the greatest of the Norman castles in Ireland. The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland, later known as the Pale, and among other buildings they constructed were Swords Castle in Fingal (North County Dublin), Dublin Castle and Carrickfergus Castle in County Antrim.[6]

text: Italy[edit]

text: Mezzogiorno[edit]

text: The Normans began constructing castles, their trademark architectural piece, in Italy from an early date. William Iron Arm built one at an unidentified location (Stridula) in Calabria in 1045. After the death of Robert Guiscard in 1085, peninsular southern Italy experienced a series of civil wars and fell under the control of increasingly weaker princes. Revolts characterised the region until well into the twelfth century and minor lords sought to resist ducal or royal power from within their own castles. In the Molise, the Normans embarked on their most extensive castle-building programme and introduced the opus gallicum technique to Italy. Their clever use of the local stone artisans together with the vast riches amassed from their enslaved population, made such tremendous feats possible as majestic as some of the ancient Roman structures they tried to emulate.

text: Besides the encastellation of the countryside, the Normans erected several religious buildings which still survive. They edified the shrine at Monte Sant'Angelo and built a mausoleum to the Hauteville family at Venosa. They also built many new Latin monasteries, including the famous foundation of Sant'Eufemia (it).[7] Other examples of great importance are the portal of the Shrine of Mary Queen of Anglona and the ambulatory and radiating chapels of the Aversa Cathedral. In Salerno, however, remember Fruscione Palace.

text: Here is a list of Norman architecture in the Mezzogiorno :

text:
Castle of Circello.
Castle Monforte (Campobasso).

text: Sicily[edit]

text: Sicily's Norman period lasted from circa 1070 until about 1200. The architecture was decorated in gilded mosaics such as that at the cathedral at Monreale. The Palatine Chapel in Palermo built in 1130 is the perhaps the strongest example of this where the interior of the dome (itself a Byzantine feature) is decorated in mosaic depicting Christ Pantocrator accompanied by his angels.

text: During Sicily's later Norman era early Gothic influences can be detected such as those in the cathedral at Messina consecrated in 1197. However, here the high Gothic campanile is of a later date, and should not be confused with the early Gothic built during the Norman period, which featured pointed arches and windows rather than the flying buttresses and pinnacles later to manifest themselves in the Gothic era.

text:
Edifices in Palermo

Norman palace with its Palatine Chapel
Zisa
Cuba
Castle of Maredolce
Cathedral of Palermo
San Giovanni dei Lebbrosi
San Giovanni degli Eremiti
Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio also known as Martorana
San Cataldo
Church of the Holy Spirit (Sicily) also known as Chiesa del Vespro
Santissima Trinità (it) known as Chiesa della Magione
The Admiral's Bridge ("Ponte dell'Ammiraglio")

Monreale Cathedral and Benedictine cloister
Cefalù Cathedral
Edifices in Messina

Messina Cathedral
Church of Chiesa di Santa Maria della Valle
Church of the Santissima Annunziata dei Catalani

Erice the Venus Castle and the main church ("Duomo dell'Assunta")
Castelvetrano, Church of the Santissima Trinità di Delia
Casalvecchio Siculo, Church of Santi Pietro e Paolo d’Agrò
Itala, the Arabic Norman Church of Saints Peter and Paul
Montalbano Elicona, Palatine Chapel
Sciacca, Church of San Nicolò la Latina and Church of Santa Maria della Raccomandata
Caltanissetta, Abbey of the Santo Spirito
San Fratello, Shrine of the Tre Santi
Bronte, Norman bridge and Castle of Nelson (old Abbey of St. Mary in Maniace)
Syracuse, Church of San Nicolò ai Cordari and Church of San Giovanni alle catacombe (St. John the Catacombs)
Nicosia (Sicily), Norman castle
Castle of Milazzo
San Marco d'Alunzio, Ruins of the Norman Church of St Saviour(S. Salvatore) and ruins of the Norman castle
Adrano, Norman castle
Aci Castello
Motta Sant'Anastasia, Norman tower (Dongione)
Caronia, Norman castle
Catania Cathedral
Ponte dei Saraceni (Norman bridge), Adrano
Ponte Calatrasi (Norman bridge), Roccamena
Ponte di Cerami (Norman bridge), Cerami

text: Malta[edit]

text: After its Norman conquest in 1091, Malta saw the construction of several Norman pieces of architecture. Many have been demolished and rebuilt over the years (especially after the 1693 Sicily earthquake which destroyed many old Norman buildings), however some fortresses and houses still exist in Mdina and Vittoriosa.

text: Transitional style[edit]

text: As master masons developed the style and experimented with ways of overcoming the geometric difficulties of groin vaulted ceilings, they introduced features such as the pointed arch that were later characterised as being Gothic in style. Architectural historians and scholars consider that a style must be assessed as an integral whole rather than an aggregate of features, and while some include these developments within the Norman or Romanesque styles, others describe them as transitional or "Norman–Gothic Transitional". A few websites use the term "Norman Gothic", but it is unclear whether they refer to the transitional style or to the Norman style as a whole.[8][9]

text: Neo-Norman[edit]

text: A style of architecture that emulates works of Norman architecture from the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque in Britain and Normandy. These works are prominent in many 20th-century buildings and spaces, particularly the arch and pillars. There are two examples in Manchester: the former Stock Exchange building and a synagogue in Fallowfield.

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Abbaye-aux-Hommes, Caen

Greencastle, County Down

Castle at Raviscanina: redoubt of the rebel Andrew of Rupecanina

The Palazzo dei Normanni in Palermo

The Pantocrator in the apse of the Cathedral of Cefalù

The Cathedral of Palermo was erected in 1185 by Walter of the Mill, the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister

New Romney church tower, an example of English small-town Norman architecture

Winchester Cathedral, an example of Norman architecture in England

Example of a small village church in Pyrford, Surrey, England

St Bees Priory, Cumbria, west door, Circa 1160

Archway, Norman Tower, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, c. 1120–1148

Arches in the southern nave of the Church of St Lawrence, Alton, Hampshire, c. 1070–1100

St Michaels Mickleham c. 950-1180

Palazzo Falson, Mdina, Malta c.1494

Palazzo Santa Sofia, Mdina, Malta c. 1233 (first floor)


document_title: School corporal punishment

question_text: when was corporal punishment banned in uk schools

question_tokens: when was corporal punishment banned in uk schools

text: School corporal punishment

text: Definitions[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in the context of schools in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has been variously defined as: causing deliberate pain to a child in response to the child's undesired behavior and/or language,[5] "purposeful infliction of bodily pain or discomfort by an official in the educational system upon a student as a penalty for unacceptable behavior",[6] and "intentional application of physical pain as a means of changing behavior" (not the occasional use of physical restraint to protect student or others from immediate harm).[7]

text: Prevalence[edit]

text: Corporal punishment used to be prevalent in schools in many parts of the world, but in recent decades it has been outlawed in 128 countries including all of Europe, most of South America, as well as in Canada, Korea, South Africa, New Zealand and several other countries. It remains commonplace in a number of countries in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East (see list of countries, below).

text: While most U.S. states have outlawed corporal punishment in state schools, it continues to be allowed mainly in the Southern and Western United States.[8] According to the United States Department of Education, more than 216,000 students were subjected to corporal punishment during the 2008–09 school year.[9]

text: Much of the traditional culture that surrounds corporal punishment in school, at any rate in the English-speaking world, derives largely from British practice in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly as regards the caning of teenage boys.[10] There is a vast amount of literature on this, in both popular and serious culture.[11][12] Britain itself outlawed the practice in 1987 for state schools[13][14][15] and more recently for all schools.[16][17]

text: The doctrine of in loco parentis lets school officials stand in for parents as comparable authority figures.[6] The doctrine has its origins in an English common-law precedent of 1770.[7]

text: Many schools in Singapore and Malaysia use caning (for boys) as a routine official punishment for misconduct, as also some African countries. In some Middle Eastern countries whipping is used. (See list of countries, below.)

text: In most of continental Europe, school corporal punishment has been banned for several decades or longer, depending on the country (see the list of countries below).

text: From the 1917 Russian revolution onwards, corporal punishment was outlawed in the Soviet Union, because it was deemed contrary to communist ideology.[18] Communists in other countries such as Britain took the lead in campaigning against school corporal punishment, which they viewed as a symptom of the decadence of capitalist education systems.[19] In the 1960s, Soviet visitors to western schools expressed shock at the caning of boys there.[20] Other communist regimes followed suit: for instance, corporal punishment was "unknown" by students in North Korea in 2007.[21] In mainland China, corporal punishment in schools was outlawed in 1986,[22] although the practice remains common, especially in rural areas.[23]

text: According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, there are three broad rationales for the use of corporal punishment in schools: beliefs, based in traditional religion, that adults have a right, if not a duty, to physically punish misbehaving children; a disciplinary philosophy that corporal punishment builds character, being necessary for the development of a child's conscience and their respect for adult authority figures; and beliefs concerning the needs and rights of teachers, specifically that corporal punishment is essential for maintaining order and control in the classroom.[6]

text: Effects on students[edit]

text: School officials and policymakers often rely on personal anecdotes to argue that school corporal punishment improves students' behavior and achievement.[24] However, there is a lack of empirical evidence showing that corporal punishment leads to better control in the classroom. In particular, evidence does not suggest that it enhances moral character development, increases students' respect for teachers or other authority figures, or offers greater security for teachers.[25]

text: A number of medical, pediatric or psychological societies have issued statements opposing all corporal punishment in schools, citing such outcomes as poorer academic achievement, increases in antisocial behaviour, injuries to students, and an unwelcoming learning environment. They include the American Medical Association,[26] the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,[5] the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP),[6][27][28] the Society for Adolescent Medicine,[7][29] the American Psychological Association,[30] the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,[31][32] the Royal College of Psychiatrists,[33] the Canadian Paediatric Society[34] and the Australian Psychological Society,[35] as well as the United States' National Association of Secondary School Principals.[36]

text: According to the AAP, research shows that corporal punishment is less effective than other methods of behaviour management in schools, and "praise, discussions regarding values, and positive role models do more to develop character, respect, and values than does corporal punishment".[6] They say that evidence links corporal punishment of students to a number of adverse outcomes, including: "increased aggressive and destructive behaviour, increased disruptive classroom behaviour, vandalism, poor school achievement, poor attention span, increased drop-out rate, school avoidance and school phobia, low self-esteem, anxiety, somatic complaints, depression, suicide and retaliation against teachers".[6] The AAP recommends a number of alternatives to corporal punishment including various nonviolent behaviour-management strategies, modifications to the school environment, and increased support for teachers.[6]

text: Injuries to students[edit]

text: An estimated 1 to 2 percent of physically punished students in the United States are seriously injured, to the point of needing medical attention. According to the AAP and the Society for Adolescent Medicine, these injuries have included bruises, abrasions, broken bones, whiplash injury, muscle damage, brain injury, and even death.[6][7] Other reported injuries to students include "sciatic nerve damage"[6] "extensive hematomas", and "life-threatening fat hemorrhage".[7]

text: Promotion of violence[edit]

text: The AAP cautions that there is a risk of corporal punishment in schools fostering the impression among students that violence is an appropriate means for managing others' behaviour.[6] According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, "Corporal punishment signals to the child that a way to settle interpersonal conflicts is to use physical force and inflict pain".[5] And according to the Society for Adolescent Medicine, "The use of corporal punishment in schools promotes a very precarious message: that violence is an acceptable phenomenon in our society. It sanctions the notion that it is meritorious to be violent toward our children, thereby devaluing them in society's eyes. It encourages children to resort to violence because they see their authority figures or substitute parents doing it [...] Violence is not acceptable and we must not support it by sanctioning its use by such authority figures as school officials".[7]

text: Alternatives[edit]

text: The Society for Adolescent Medicine recommends developing "a milieu of effective communication, in which the teacher displays an attitude of respect for the students", as well as instruction that is stimulating and appropriate to student's abilities, various nonviolent behaviour modification techniques, and involving students and parents in making decisions about school matters such as rules and educational goals. They suggest that student self-governance can be an effective alternative for managing disruptive classroom behaviour, while stressing the importance of adequate training and support for teachers.[7]

text: The AAP remarks that there has been "no reported increase in disciplinary problems in schools following the elimination of corporal punishment" according to evidence.[6]

text: Student rights[edit]

text: A number of international human-rights organizations including the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have stated that physical punishment of any kind is a violation of children's human rights.[37][38][39]

text: According to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, "Children do not lose their human rights by virtue of passing through the school gates [...] the use of corporal punishment does not respect the inherent dignity of the child nor the strict limits on school discipline".[40] The Committee interprets Article 19 of the Convention on the rights of the child, which obliges member states to "take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse […] while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child", to imply a prohibition on all forms of corporal punishment.

text: Other international human-rights bodies supporting prohibition of corporal punishment of children in all settings, including schools, include the European Committee of Social Rights and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. In addition, the obligation of member states to prohibit corporal punishment in schools and elsewhere was affirmed in the 2009 Cairo Declaration on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and Islamic Jurisprudence.[41]

text: By country[edit]

text: Corporal punishment of minors in the United States

text: According to the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, all forms of corporal punishment in schools are outlawed in 128 countries as of 2016.[4] (46 of these countries also prohibited corporal punishment of children in the home as of May 2015).[41]

text: Argentina[edit]

text: Banned in 1813, corporal punishment was re-legalised in 1817 and punishments by physical pain lasted until the 1980s. The instruments were rebenques, slappings in the face and others.[42][43] All corporal punishment has now been prohibited; the ban came into effect in 2016.[44]

text: Australia[edit]

text: In Australia, laws on corporal punishment in schools are determined at individual state or territory level.[45][46] While still legal in private schools in some states, in practice, very few schools impose corporal punishment.[47]

text:
State
Government schools
Non-government schools

Victoria
Banned in 1888.[48]
Banned in 1990.

Queensland[49]
Banned in 1994.[50]
Not banned.[51]

New South Wales[52]
First banned in 1987.[48][53][54] Ban repealed in 1989 but was in disuse.[55]
Banned again in 1995.[56][57]
Banned in 1997.[56]

Tasmania[58]
Banned in 1999.[59][60]
Banned in 1999.[59]

Australian Capital Territory[61]
Banned in 1988.[62][63]
Banned in 1997.

Northern Territory[64]
Banned in 2016.[citation needed]
Banned in 2009.

South Australia
Banned in 1991.
Not banned

Western Australia
Banned in 1999.[65]
Effectively abolished by Education Department policy in 1987.[66]
Banned in 2015.[67][68]

text: Austria[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in schools was banned in Austria in 1974.[69]

text: Bolivia[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in all settings, including schools, was prohibited in Bolivia in 2014. According to the Children and Adolescents Code, "The child and adolescent has the right to good treatment, comprising a non-violent upbringing and education... Any physical, violent and humiliating punishment is prohibited".[70]

text: Brazil[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in all settings, including schools, was prohibited in Brazil in 2014. According to an amendment to the Code on Children and Adolescents 1990, "Children and Adolescents are entitled to be educated and cared for without the use of physical punishment or cruel or degrading treatment as forms of correction, discipline, education or any other pretext".[71]

text: Burma (Myanmar)[edit]

text: Caning is commonly used by teachers as a punishment in schools.[72] The cane is applied on the students' buttocks, calves or palms of the hands in front of the class. Tramline cane marks could be left. Sit-ups with ears pulled and arms crossed, kneeling, and standing on the bench in the classroom are other forms of corporal punishments used in schools. Common reasons for punishment include talking in class, not finishing homework, mistakes made with classwork, fighting and truancy.[73][74]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada (2004) the Supreme Court outlawed school corporal punishment.[75] In public schools, the usual implement was a rubber/canvas strap applied to the hands,[76] while private schools often used a paddle or cane administered to the student's posterior.[77][78] In many parts of Canada, 'the strap' had not been used in public schools since the 1970s or even earlier: thus, it has been claimed that it had not been used in Quebec since the 1960s,[79] and in Toronto it was banned in 1971.[2] However, some schools in Alberta had been using the strap up until the ban in 2004.[80]

text: School Corporal Punishment Bans in Canadian Provinces[edit]

text: In 2004, the Supreme Court of Canada outlawed corporal punishment in all schools, public or private. The practice itself had largely been abandoned in the 1970s when parents placed greater scrutiny on the treatment of children at school.[81] The subject received extensive media coverage, and corporal punishment became obsolete as the practice was widely seen as degrading and inhumane. Despite the fact that the tradition had been forgone for nearly 30 years, legislation banning the practice entirely by law was not implemented until 2004.[82]

text: Some Canadian provinces banned corporal punishment in public schools prior to the national ban in 2004. They are, in chronological order by year of provincial ban:[citation needed]

text:
British Columbia - 1973
Nova Scotia - 1989
New Brunswick - 1990
Yukon - 1990
Prince Edward Island - 1993
Northwest Territories - 1995
Nunavut - 1995* (banned while Nunavut was still part of Northwest Territories. Remained banned in Nunavut when it became a separate Territory in 1999.)
Newfoundland and Labrador - 1997
Quebec - 1998

text: China[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in China was officially banned after the communist revolution in 1949. The Compulsory Education Law of 1986 states: "It shall be forbidden to inflict physical punishment on students".[22] In practice, beatings by schoolteachers are common, especially in rural areas.[23][83]

text: Colombia[edit]

text: Colombian private and public schools were banned from using "penalties involving physical or psychological abuse" through the Children and Adolescents Code 2006, though it is not clear whether this also applies to indigenous communities.[84]

text: Costa Rica[edit]

text: All corporal punishment, both in school and in the home, has been banned since 2008.[85]

text: Czech Republic[edit]

text: Corporal punishment is outlawed under Article 31 of the Education Act.[86]

text: Denmark[edit]

text: Corporal punishment was prohibited in the public schools in Copenhagen Municipality in 1951 and by law in all schools of Denmark in 1967.[87][88][89]

text: Egypt[edit]

text: A 1998 study found that random physical punishment (not proper formal corporal punishment) was being used extensively by teachers in Egypt to punish behavior they regarded as unacceptable. Around 80% of the boys and 60% of the girls were punished by teachers, using their hands, sticks, straps, shoes, punches and kicks as most common methods of administration. The most common reported injuries were bumps and contusions.[90]

text: Finland[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in public schools was banned in 1914, but remained de facto commonplace until 1984, when a law banning all corporal punishment of minors, even by parents, was introduced.[91][92]

text: France[edit]

text: The systematic use of corporal punishment has been absent from French schools since the 19th century.[93] There is no explicit legal ban on it,[94] but in 2008 a teacher was fined €500 for what some people describe as slapping a student.[95][96][97]

text: Germany[edit]

text: School corporal punishment, historically widespread, was outlawed in different states via their administrative law at different times. It was not completely abolished everywhere until 1983.[98] Since 1993, use of corporal punishment by a teacher has been a criminal offence. In that year a sentence by the Federal Court of Justice of Germany (Bundesgerichtshof, case number NStZ 1993,591) was published which overruled the previous powers enshrined in unofficial customary law (Gewohnheitsrecht) and upheld by some regional appeal courts (Oberlandesgericht, Superior State Court) even in the 1970s. They assumed a right of chastisement was a defense of justification against the accusation of "causing bodily harm" per Paragraph (=Section) 223 Strafgesetzbuch (Federal Penal Code).

text: Greece[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in Greek primary schools was banned in 1998, and in secondary schools in 2005.[99]

text: India[edit]

text: Corporal punishment is still used in most of India. The Delhi High Court banned its use in Delhi schools in 2000. 17 out of 29 states claim to apply the ban, though enforcement is lax.[100] A number of social and cultural groups, including Shankaracharya, are campaigning against corporal punishment in India. In many states, corporal punishment is still practised within most schools. Society for Prevention of Injuries & Corporal Punishment (SPIC) is actively running awareness campaigns to educate the teachers and students through conferences and scientific publications.[101]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: In the law of the Republic of Ireland, corporal punishment was prohibited in 1982 by an administrative decision of John Boland, the Minister for Education, which applied to national schools (most primary schools) and to secondary schools receiving public funding (practically all of them).[102] Teachers were not liable to criminal prosecution until 1997, when the rule of law allowing "physical chastisement" was explicitly abolished.[103]

text: Italy[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in Italian schools was banned in 1928.[104]

text: Japan[edit]

text: Although banned in 1947, corporal punishment is still commonly found in schools in the 2010s and particularly widespread in school sports clubs. In late 1987, about 60% of junior high school teachers felt it was necessary, with 7% believing it was necessary in all conditions, 59% believing it should be applied sometimes and 32% disapproving of it in all circumstances; while at elementary (primary) schools, 2% supported it unconditionally, 47% felt it was necessary and 49% disapproved.[105] As recent as December 2012, a high school student committed suicide after having been constantly beaten by his basketball coach.[106] An education ministry survey found that more than 10,000 students received illegal corporal punishment from more than 5,000 teachers across Japan in 2012 fiscal year alone.[107]

text: Luxembourg[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in schools was banned in 1845 and became a criminal offence in 1974 (Aggravated Assault on Minors under Authority). [108][109]

text: Malaysia[edit]

text: Caning is a common form of discipline in many Malaysian schools. Legally it should be applied only to male students, but the idea of making the caning of girls lawful has recently been debated. This would be applied to the palm of the hand, whereas boys are typically caned across the seat of the trousers.[110]

text: Netherlands[edit]

text: Banned in 1920.[111]

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in New Zealand schools was abolished in 1987, but wasn't abolished legislatively until 23 July 1990, when Section 139A of the Education Act 1989 was inserted by the Education Amendment Act 1990. Section 139A prohibits anyone employed by a school or ECE provider, or anyone supervising or controlling students on the school's behalf, from using force by way of correction or punishment towards any student at or in relation to the school or the student under their supervision or control.[112] Teachers who administer corporal punishment can be found guilty of physical assault, resulting in termination and cancellation of teacher registration, and possibly criminal charges, with a maximum penalty of five years' imprisonment.[113]

text: As enacted, the law had a loophole: parents, provided they were not school staff, could still discipline their children on school grounds. In early 2007, a southern Auckland Christian school was found to be using this loophole to discipline students by corporal punishment, by making the student's parents administer the punishment.[114] This loophole was closed in May 2007 by the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which enacted a blanket ban on parents administering corporal punishment to their children.

text: Norway[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in Norwegian schools was strongly restricted in 1889, and was prohibited outright in 1936.[citation needed]

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: School corporal punishment in Pakistan is not very common in modern educational institutions although it is still used in schools across the rural parts of the country as a means of enforcing student discipline. The method has been criticised by some children's rights activists who claim that many cases of corporal punishment in schools have resulted in physical and mental abuse of schoolchildren. According to one report, corporal punishment is a key reason for school dropouts and subsequently, street children, in Pakistan; as many as 35,000 high school pupils in Pakistan are said to drop out of the education system each year because they have been punished or abused in school.[115]

text: Philippines[edit]

text: Corporal punishment is prohibited in private and public schools.[116]

text: Poland[edit]

text: In 1783, Poland became the first country in the world to prohibit corporal punishment.[117] Peter Newell assumes that perhaps the most influential writer on the subject was the English philosopher John Locke, whose Some Thoughts Concerning Education explicitly criticised the central role of corporal punishment in education. Locke's work was highly influential, and may have helped influence Polish legislators to ban corporal punishment from Poland's schools in 1783. Today, the ban of corporal punishment in all forms is vested in Constitution of Poland[118][119]

text: Russia[edit]

text: Corporal punishment was banned in USSR (and hence, Russian) schools in 1917.[18] In addition,the Article 336 (since 2006) of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that any teacher who has used corporal punishment on a pupil shall be dismissed.

text: Singapore[edit]

text: Corporal punishment is legal in Singapore schools (for male students only, it is illegal to inflict it on female students) and fully encouraged by the government in order to maintain strict discipline.[120] Only a light rattan cane may be used.[121] This must be administered in a formal ceremony by the school management after due deliberation, not by classroom teachers. Most secondary schools (whether independent, autonomous or government-controlled), and also some primary schools, use caning to deal with misconduct by boys.[122] At the secondary level, the rattan strokes are nearly always delivered to the student's clothed buttocks. The Ministry of Education has stipulated a maximum of six strokes per occasion. In some cases the punishment is carried out in front of the rest of the school instead of in private.[123]

text: South Africa[edit]

text: The use of corporal punishment in schools was prohibited by the South African Schools Act, 1996. According to section 10 of the act:

text: (1) No person may administer corporal punishment at a school to a learner.

text: (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a sentence which could be imposed for assault.[124]

text: In the case of Christian Education South Africa v Minister of Education the Constitutional Court rejected a claim that the constitutional right to religious freedom entitles private Christian schools to impose corporal punishment.

text: South Korea[edit]

text: Liberal regions in South Korea have completely banned all forms of caning beginning with Gyeonggi Province in 2010, followed by Seoul Metropolitan City, Gangwon Province, Gwangju Metropolitan City and North Jeolla Province in 2011.[125] Other more conservative regions are governed by a national law enacted in 2011 which states that while caning is generally forbidden, it can be used indirectly to maintain school discipline.[126] but it is still known to be practised[127]

text: Spain[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in Spanish schools was banned in 1985.[128]

text: Sweden[edit]

text: Corporal punishment at school has been prohibited in folkskolestadgan (the elementary school ordinance) since 1 January 1958. Its use by ordinary teachers in grammar schools had been outlawed in 1928.[129]

text: Taiwan[edit]

text: In 2006 Taiwan made corporal punishment in the school system illegal,[130] but it is still known to be practised (see Corporal punishment in Taiwan).

text: Thailand[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in schools is illegal under the Ministry of Education Regulation on Student Punishment (2005) and the National Committee on Child Protection Regulation on Working Procedures of Child Protection Officers Involved in Promoting Behaviour of Students (2005), pursuant to article 65 of the Child Protection Act.[131]

text: Thai proverb "If you love your cow, tie it up; if you love your child, beat him." is still considered "wisdom" and is held by many parents and teachers.[132]

text: Ukraine[edit]

text: Corporal punishment was banned in USSR (and hence, Ukrainian) schools in 1917.[18] In Ukraine, "physical or mental violence" against children is forbidden by the Constitution (Art.52.2) and the Law on Education (Art.51.1, since 1991) which states that students and other learners have the right “to the protection from any form of exploitation, physical and psychological violence, actions of pedagogical and other employees who violate the rights or humiliate their honour and dignity”.[133] Standard instructions for teachers provided by the Ministry of Science and Education state that a teacher who has used corporal punishment to a pupil (even once), shall be dismissed.

text: United Arab Emirates[edit]

text: A federal law was implemented in 1998 which banned school corporal punishment. The law applied to all schools, both public and private.[134][135] Any teacher who engages in the practice would not only lose their job and teaching license, but will also face criminal prosecution for engaging in violence against minors and will also face child abuse charges.[136]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In state-run schools, and in private schools where at least part of the funding came from government, corporal punishment was outlawed by the British Parliament in 1986.[137] In other private schools, it was banned in 1998 (England and Wales), 2000 (Scotland) and 2003 (Northern Ireland).[138] Schools had to keep a record of punishments inflicted,[139] and there are occasional press reports of examples of these "punishment books" having survived.[140][141]

text: The implement used in many state and private schools in England and Wales was often a rattan cane, struck either across the student's hands or (especially in the case of teenage boys) the clothed buttocks. "Slippering"—striking the buttocks with a rubber-soled gym shoe, or plimsoll shoe—was widely used in many schools, for example King's School, Macclesfield, a boys grammar school in Cheshire.[142] In a few English cities, a strap was used instead of the cane.[143] In Scotland a leather strap, the tawse, administered to the palms of the hands, was universal in state schools,[144] but some private schools used the cane.[145]

text: Prior to the ban in private schools in England, the "slippering" of a student at an independent boarding school was challenged in 1993 before the European Court of Human Rights.[146] The Court ruled 5–4 in that case that the punishment was not severe enough to infringe the student's "freedom from degrading punishment" under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The dissenting judges argued that the ritualised nature of the punishment, given after several days and without parental consent, should qualify it as "degrading punishment".[147]

text: R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment (2005) was an unsuccessful challenge to the prohibition of corporal punishment contained in the Education Act 1996, by several headmasters of private Christian schools who argued that it was a breach of their religious freedom.

text: In response to a 2008 poll of 6,162 UK teachers by the Times Educational Supplement, 22% of secondary school teachers and 16% of primary school teachers supported "the right to use corporal punishment in extreme cases". The National Union of Teachers said that it "could not support the views expressed by those in favour of hitting children".[148][149]

text: United States[edit]

text: There is no federal law addressing corporal punishment in public or private schools. In 1977, the Supreme Court ruling in Ingraham v. Wright held that the Eighth Amendment clause prohibiting "cruel and unusual punishments" did not apply to school students, and that teachers could punish children without parental permission.

text: As of 2015, 31 states and the District of Columbia have banned corporal punishment in public schools, though in some of these there is no explicit prohibition. Corporal punishment is also unlawful in private schools in Iowa and New Jersey. In 19 U.S. states, corporal punishment is lawful in both public and private schools.[150] It is still common in some schools in the South, and more than 167,000 students were paddled in the 2011-2012 school year in American public schools.[151] Students can be physically punished from kindergarten to the end of high school, meaning that even legal adults who have reached the age of majority are sometimes spanked by school officials.[152]

text: Venezuela[edit]

text: Corporal punishment in all settings, including schools, was prohibited in Venezuela in 2007. According to the Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents, "All children and young people have a right to be treated well. This right includes a non-violent education and upbringing... Consequently, all forms of physical and humiliating punishment are prohibited".[153]


question_text: how to get a random page on wikipedia

question_tokens: how to get a random page on wikipedia

text: Wikipedia:Random

text:
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