document_title: 2017 Tour de France

question_text: where did the 2017 tour de france end

question_tokens: where did the 2017 tour de france end

text: 2017 Tour de France

text: Teams[edit]

text: The 2017 edition of the Tour de France consisted of 22 teams.[1] All eighteen UCI WorldTeams were entitled, and obliged, to enter the race.[2] On 26 January 2017, the organiser of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the four second-tier UCI Professional Continental teams given wildcard invitations, of which three were French-based (Cofidis, Direct Énergie and Fortuneo–Oscaro) and one was Belgian (Wanty–Groupe Gobert, which participated in the race for the first time).[3] Fortuneo–Oscaro were initially invited to the race as Fortuneo–Vital Concept,[4] before a change of sponsorship prior to the opening day of racing.[5] The presentation of the teams – where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place in front of a crowd of 15,000 at the Burgplatz (de) square in Düsseldorf, Germany, on 29 June, two days before the opening stage held in the city.[6]

text: Each squad was allowed a maximum of nine riders, resulting in a start list total of 198 riders.[7] Of these, 49 were competing in their first Tour de France.[8] The total number of riders that finished the race was 167.[9] The riders came from 32 countries. Six countries had more than 10 riders in the race: France (39), Italy (18), Belgium (16), Germany (16), the Netherlands (15), and Spain (13).[7] The average age of riders in the race was 29.4 years,[10] ranging from the 22-year-old Élie Gesbert (Fortuneo–Oscaro) to the 40-year-old Haimar Zubeldia (Trek–Segafredo).[11][12] Cannondale–Drapac had the youngest average age while Team Dimension Data had the oldest.[13]

text: UCI WorldTeams

text:
AG2R La Mondiale
Astana
Bahrain–Merida
BMC Racing Team
Bora–Hansgrohe
Cannondale–Drapac
Team Dimension Data
FDJ
Team Katusha–Alpecin
LottoNL–Jumbo
Lotto–Soudal
Movistar Team
Orica–Scott
Quick-Step Floors
Team Sky
Team Sunweb
Trek–Segafredo
UAE Team Emirates

text: UCI Professional Continental teams

text:
Cofidis
Direct Énergie
Fortuneo–Oscaro
Wanty–Groupe Gobert

text: Pre-race favourites[edit]

text: In the lead up to the 2017 Tour de France, Chris Froome (Team Sky) was seen by many as the top pre-race favourite for the general classification.[14][15][16][17][18] His closest rivals were thought to be Richie Porte (BMC Racing Team), Nairo Quintana (Movistar Team), Alberto Contador (Trek–Segafredo), Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale) and Fabio Aru (Astana).[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Alejandro Valverde (Movistar Team), Jakob Fuglsang (Astana), Thibaut Pinot (FDJ), Esteban Chaves (Orica–Scott), Geraint Thomas (Team Sky), Dan Martin (Quick-Step Floors), Simon Yates (Orica–Scott), and Louis Meintjes (UAE Team Emirates).[17][20][21][22]

text: Froome, who won the 2013, 2015 and 2016 editions of the Tour, had not won a race in the 2017 season prior to the Tour's start. His best result was fourth overall at the Critérium du Dauphiné, a race considered to be the warm-up for the Tour and one he has won before his three previous Tour victories. Despite this, he was thought to have one of the strongest teams in the race that would ride in total support of him.[16][18] The 32-year-old Porte, who placed fifth in the 2016 Tour, won the general classification in two stage races so far in 2017, the Tour Down Under and the Tour de Romandie, and came second in the Dauphiné.[18] Quintana, third in the 2016 Tour, placed second at the Giro d'Italia, with overalls wins at the Tirreno–Adriatico and the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana earlier in the season.[21] The two-time winner (2007 and 2009) 34-year-old Contador came second overall in four stage races in 2017 before the Tour, Paris–Nice, the Vuelta a Andalucía, the Volta a Catalunya and the Tour of the Basque Country.[21] Bardet, the 2017 Tour runner-up, placed sixth overall in the Dauphiné, with his best other result sixth in the one-day Classic race Liège–Bastogne–Liège.[18] Aru started the Tour sharing team leadership with the Dauphiné winner Fuglsang. Aru won the Italian National Road Race Championships a week before the Tour and placed fifth at the Dauphiné.[21]

text: The sprinters considered favourites for the points classification and wins on the flat or hilly bunch sprint finishes were Peter Sagan (Bora–Hansgrohe), Marcel Kittel (Quick-Step Floors), Mark Cavendish (Team Dimension Data), André Greipel (Lotto–Soudal), and Alexander Kristoff (Team Katusha–Alpecin). Others expected to contend for sprint finishes included Michael Matthews (Team Sunweb), Arnaud Démare (FDJ), Dylan Groenewegen (LottoNL–Jumbo), John Degenkolb (Trek–Segafredo), Sonny Colbrelli (UAE Team Emirates) and Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis).[19][23][24][25][26][27] Double reigning world road race champion Sagan had won the five previous points classifications of the Tour, one away from matching Erik Zabel's record of six from 1996 to 2001.[19][28] His form in the 2017 season before the Tour included winning the one-day race Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne and the points classifications in Tirreno–Adriatico, the Tour de Suisse and the Tour of California.[29] Kittel had gained eight wins so far in 2017, as well as the general and points classifications in the Dubai Tour at the start of the season.[30] Cavendish's season before the Tour was affected by glandular fever, missing around three months;[19] his only success had been a stage win and the points classification at the Abu Dhabi Tour.[31] Greipel had amassed four wins in 2017 before the Tour, including one at the Giro.[26] Kristoff had taken six wins so far in 2017, and the points classifications at the Tour of Oman, the Étoile de Bessèges and the Three Days of De Panne.[32]

text: Route and stages[edit]

text: The start of the 2017 Tour de France (known as the Grand Départ) was originally scheduled to be in London, United Kingdom; this would have been the third time the Tour had visited London, following the 2007 and 2014 editions. In September 2015, a week before this was due to be announced, Transport for London pulled out of the bid.[33] It was later revealed that this was the decision of the then Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, on the grounds of cost: hosting the Grand Depart would have cost £35 million.[34] In December 2015, the ASO announced that the Grand Départ would take place with stages based in Düsseldorf; the fourth time the Tour has begun in Germany and the first since 1987. The bid to host the Tour was only narrowly approved by the city council. The return to Germany followed a resurgence in German professional cycling.[35] On 14 January 2016, details of the opening two stages were announced. The first stage would be a 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) individual time trial in Düsseldorf itself. The second stage would also begin in Düsseldorf.[36] The full route was announced by race director Christian Prudhomme on 18 October 2016 at the Palais des Congrès in Paris.[37]

text: After the first time trial, the race left Germany during stage two, which finished in the Belgian city of Liège.[38] Stage three headed south, and after a brief passage through Luxembourg, ended with a climb in Longwy.[39] After a transitional stage, stage five saw the first major climb, the finish at La Planche des Belles Filles.[38] The next two stages headed south-west,[38] before stage eight in the Jura Mountains, featured three categorised climbs.[40] The ninth stage included the steep climbs of the Col de la Biche (fr), the Col du Grand Colombier, and, after a 42-year absence, the Signal du Mont du Chat, its summit 25 km (15.5 mi) from the finish in Chambéry.[41][42] After a transfer during the rest day, stage ten took place in the Dordogne region, between Périgueux and Bergerac. Stage eleven was a transitional stage, followed by two stages in the Pyrenees. Stage twelve started from Pau and ended at the Peyragudes ski resort.[38] The next stage was short, at 110 km (68 mi), but included three climbs before a descent finish into Foix.[43] After leaving the Pyrenees, the riders headed north-east; stage fourteen finished with a climb towards the end of the stage.[44] Stage fifteen featured the first appearance of the Col de Peyra Taillade, with its conclusion in Le Puy-en-Velay.[45] Stage sixteen, the first after the final rest day, was a transitional stage, heading east, towards the Alps.[38] Stage seventeen included the Col d'Ornon, the Col de la Croix de Fer, the Col du Télégraphe and the highest point of elevation in the race, the Col du Galibier, before a descent finish into Serre Chevalier.[46] Stage eighteen was the final day of mountains; it had two climbs, the Col de Vars and the finishing climb, the Col d'Izoard.[47] It was the first time the Tour finished on the 2,360 m (7,743 ft)-high mountain pass.[48] After another transitional stage, heading south, came stage twenty, a 23 km (14.3 mi) individual time trial in Marseille.[38] Starting at the Stade Vélodrome, the course headed around the city, designated 2017 European Capital of Sport, before ending also at the Stade Vélodrome.[49] The final stage started in Montgeron, which hosted the start of the first Tour, before concluding with the traditional laps of the Champs-Élysées.[37][38]

text: There were 21 stages in the race, covering a total distance of 3,540 km (2,200 mi), 13 km (8.1 mi) shorter than the 2016 Tour.[38][50] There were two time trial events, both of which were individual, a total of 36 km (22.4 mi).[38] Of the remaining nineteen stages, eight were officially classified as flat, six as medium mountain and five as high mountain.[51][38] The longest mass-start stage was stage 19, at 222.5 km (138 mi), and the shortest was stage 13, at 101 km (63 mi).[38] For the first time since the 1992 edition, the route included all five of mainland France's mountainous regions; the Vosges, the Jura, the Pyrenees, the Massif Central and the Alps.[52][53] There were summit finishes on stage 12 to Peyragudes and stage 18 to the Col d'Izoard. Additionally, the hilly stage 3 had a hilltop finish in Longwy, and stage 5 ended at La Planche des Belles Filles.[54] The highest point of the race was the 2,642 m (8,668 ft)-high Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage seventeen.[55] It was among seven hors catégorie (English: "out of category") rated climbs in the race.[54] There was ten new start or finish locations. The rest days were after stage 9, in the Dordogne, and 15, in Le Puy-en-Velay.[38]

text:
Stage characteristics and winners[56][38]

Stage
Date
Course
Distance
Type
Winner

1
1 July
Düsseldorf (Germany)
14 km (9 mi)

Individual time trial
 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

2
2 July
Düsseldorf (Germany) to Liège (Belgium)
203.5 km (126 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

3
3 July
Verviers (Belgium) to Longwy
212.5 km (132 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Peter Sagan (SVK)

4
4 July
Mondorf-les-Bains (Luxembourg) to Vittel
207.5 km (129 mi)

Flat stage
 Arnaud Démare (FRA)

5
5 July
Vittel to La Planche des Belles Filles
160.5 km (100 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Fabio Aru (ITA)

6
6 July
Vesoul to Troyes
216 km (134 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

7
7 July
Troyes to Nuits-Saint-Georges
213.5 km (133 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

8
8 July
Dole to Station des Rousses
187.5 km (117 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)

9
9 July
Nantua to Chambéry
181.5 km (113 mi)

High mountain stage
 Rigoberto Urán (COL)

10 July
Dordogne

Rest day

10
11 July
Périgueux to Bergerac
178 km (111 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

11
12 July
Eymet to Pau
203.5 km (126 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

12
13 July
Pau to Peyragudes
214.5 km (133 mi)

High mountain stage
 Romain Bardet (FRA)

13
14 July
Saint-Girons to Foix
101 km (63 mi)

High mountain stage
 Warren Barguil (FRA)

14
15 July
Blagnac to Rodez
181.5 km (113 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Michael Matthews (AUS)

15
16 July
Laissac-Sévérac-l'Église to Le Puy-en-Velay
189.5 km (118 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Bauke Mollema (NED)

17 July
Le Puy-en-Velay

Rest day

16
18 July
Le Puy-en-Velay to Romans-sur-Isère
165 km (103 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Michael Matthews (AUS)

17
19 July
La Mure to Serre Chevalier
183 km (114 mi)

High mountain stage
 Primož Roglič (SLO)

18
20 July
Briançon to Col d'Izoard
179.5 km (112 mi)

High mountain stage
 Warren Barguil (FRA)

19
21 July
Embrun to Salon-de-Provence
222.5 km (138 mi)

Flat stage
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)

20
22 July
Marseille
22.5 km (14 mi)

Individual time trial
 Maciej Bodnar (POL)

21
23 July
Montgeron to Paris (Champs-Élysées)
103 km (64 mi)

Flat stage
 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)

Total
3,540 km (2,200 mi)

text: Race overview[edit]

text: The opening stage's individual time trial was won by Geraint Thomas with a time of 16 min 4 s over the 14 km (8.7 mi) course. Thomas took the yellow and green jerseys as the leader of the general and points classifications respectively. Chris Froome was the highest placed of the general classification favourites, in sixth place, sixteen seconds down.[58] Overall contender Alejandro Valverde crashed on the wet roads and his injuries forced him to withdraw from the Tour.[59] Marcel Kittel won stage two's bunch sprint, and with it the green jersey. Breakaway rider Taylor Phinney (Cannondale–Drapac) took the first polka dot jersey as the leader of the mountains classification.[60] The uphill sprint finish of stage three was won by Peter Sagan; Nathan Brown (Cannondale–Drapac) took over the polka dot jersey.[61] The fourth stage ended with a bunch sprint and was won by Démare, with him also taking the green jersey.[62] There were two crashes leading up to the finish, the first was in the peloton around 1 km (0.6 mi) to go and the second involved the sprinters at the end. In the sprint finish, Mark Cavendish crashed into the barriers at the side of the road, withdrawing later that day from the race from his injuries. Sagan, second in the stage, was disqualified after race officials judged that he caused Cavendish to crash, with the jury president Philippe Marien saying that he "endangered some of his colleagues seriously".[63][64]

text: In the fifth stage, a group containing the overall contenders caught the last of the breakaway riders 5 km (3.1 mi) from the summit finish at La Planche des Belles Filles. With 2.4 km (1.5 mi) remaining, Fabio Aru attacked and won with a margin of sixteen seconds over the group. Thomas lost twenty seconds on the group and lost the yellow jersey to teammate Froome. Aru took over the lead of the mountains classification.[65] Kittel won the following two stages which ended in bunch sprints.[66][67] The latter stage was decided by a photo finish, with Kittel 6 mm ahead of Edvald Boasson Hagen (Team Dimension Data); Kittel regained the green jersey.[67] In stage eight, the first high mountain stage, Lilian Calmejane of Direct Énergie attacked over the category 1 climb of Montée de la Combe de Laisia Les Molunes from a six-strong lead breakaway and soloed for 11.5 km (7.1 mi) to take the win 37 seconds ahead of second placed and lone chaser Robert Gesink (LottoNL–Jumbo). Calmejane put himself into the polka dot jersey.[68] The ninth stage saw a select group of general classification favourites join Warren Barguil (Team Sunweb) after the final of the Mont du Chat and contest a sprint finish, won by Rigoberto Urán (Cannondale–Drapac). Barguil took lead of the mountains classification.[69] Richie Porte crashed descending the Mont du Chat whilst in the group of overall contenders and withdrew from the race.[70] The following day was the Tour's first rest rest day.[38]

text: Stages ten and eleven were won from bunch sprints by Kittel, taking his total of wins at the race to five.[71] The twelfth stage saw the overall contenders all reach the foot of the short steep climb to Peyragudes; Romain Bardet won by a margin of two seconds. Froome came seventh, 22 seconds down, and lost the overall lead to third-placed Aru.[72] The 101 km (62.8 mi)-long stage thirteen was won by Barguil, who won the sprint after a descent from an elite group with Nairo Quintana, Alberto Contador and Mikel Landa (Team Sky). The chasing group of overall contenders came in 1 min 39 s down.[73] In the fourteenth stage, a reduced peloton contested the uphill sprint finish at Rodez, which was won Matthews. Aru's advantage of six seconds over Froome was changed to a deficit of eighteen, after Aru came in thirty seconds down in thirtieth place and Froome was seventh, one second behind the Matthews.[74]

text: Stage fifteen saw Trek–Segafredo's Bauke Mollema attack a breakaway group over the top of the Col de Peyra Taillade with 31 km (19.3 mi) to go and solo to victory. In the large group containing the overall contenders, Bardet's team AG2R La Mondiale forced a high pace on the Peyra Taillade. A further 6 km (3.7 mi) later on the climb, Froome suffered a broken spoke, and, after receiving a new wheel from a teammate and some assistance from three other teammates, he was able to chase back up to the group.[75][76] The next day was the second rest day of the race.[38] In the sixteenth stage, the high pace set by Matthews's Team Sunweb dropped the green jersey wearer Kittel; Matthews, who was second to Kittel in points classification, won the stage.[77] Primož Roglič (LottoNL–Jumbo), second behind Barguil in the mountains classification, won the following mountainous stage after a solo attack on the Col du Galibier, finishing in Serre Chevalier after a descent over a minute ahead of a four-man group containing the new top overall top three in the general classification Froome, Urán and Bardet, respectively, and also Barguil. Aru dropped from second overall to fourth. Kittel crashed and withdrew from the Tour, putting Matthews in the green jersey.[78]

text: The final high mountain stage of the Tour, the eighteenth, saw Barguil claim his second victory of the race on the summit finish at Col d'Izoard; he was initially caught by the group of overall favourites on the final climb after being the one of last survivors from the breakaway, with only Darwin Atapuma (UAE Team Emirates) ahead. Barguil's winning move came with 3 km (1.9 mi) remaining, passing Atapuma to win by twenty seconds. A three-way sprint for fourth place saw Bardet finish just ahead of Froome with Urán placing fifth; Bardet moved up to second overall, six seconds ahead of Urán, with Froome holding a 23 second advantage.[79] Boasson Hagen won stage nineteen with an attack from a reduced breakaway with 2.5 km (1.6 mi) to go.[80] Maciej Bodnar of Bora–Hansgrohe won the 22.5 km (14.0 mi) individual time trial of the penultimate stage, setting a time of 28 min 15 s. Froome was third, six seconds down, increasing his lead in the general classification to 54 seconds. Bardet dropped to third overall after he lost over two minutes in the stage, and Urán was 31 seconds in arrears.[81]

text: The final stage in Paris was won by Dylan Groenewegen in a bunch sprint on the Champs-Élysées. Froome finished the race to win his fourth Tour de France.[82] Urán placed second overall, 54 seconds down, with Bardet 2 min 20 s behind, just one second ahead of Landa (fourth overall). Matthews won the points classification with a total of 370, 136 ahead of André Greipel in second. Barguil won the mountains classification with 169 points, 89 ahead of second-placed Roglič. The best young rider was seventh-placed overall Simon Yates, who was followed by Louis Meintjes (eighth overall) in second, 2 min 6 s down. An Orica–Scott rider won the classification for the second consecutive year, after Yates' twin brother Adam won in 2016. Team Sky finished as the winners of the team classification, 7 min 14 s ahead of second-placed AG2R La Mondiale.[9]

text: Classification leadership[edit]

text: There were four main individual classifications being contested in the 2017 Tour de France, as well as a team competition. The most important was the general classification, which was calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage.[83] Time bonuses were awarded at the end of every stage apart from the two individual time trials. The first three riders get 10, 6, and 4 seconds, respectively.[84] For crashes within the final 3 km (1.9 mi) of a stage, not including time trials and summit finishes, any rider involved received the same time as the group they were in when the crash occurred.[85] The rider with the lowest cumulative time was the winner of the general classification and was considered to be the overall winner of the Tour.[83] The rider leading the classification wore a yellow jersey.[86]

text:
Points classification points for the top 15 positions by type[83]

Type
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Flat stage
50
30
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Medium mountain stage
30
25
22
19
17
15
13
11
9

High mountain stage
20
17
15
13
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Individual time trial

Intermediate sprint

text: The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing among the highest placed in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints during the stage. The points available for each stage finish were determined by the stage's type.[83] The leader was identified by a green jersey.[86]

text: The third classification was the mountains classification. Points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit of the most difficult climbs first. The climbs were categorized, in order of increasing difficulty, as fourth-, third-, second-, and first-category and hors catégorie.[83] Double points were awarded on the summit finish of the Col d'Izoard on stage 18.[83] The leader wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[86]

text: The final individual classification was the young rider classification. This was calculated the same way as the general classification, but the classification was restricted to riders who were born on or after 1 January 1992.[84] The leader wore a white jersey.[86]

text: The final classification was a team classification. This was calculated using the finishing times of the best three riders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time. The number of stage victories and placings per team determined the outcome of a tie.[84] The riders in the team that led this classification were identified with yellow number bibs on the back of their jerseys and yellow helmets.[86]

text: In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have "made the greatest effort and who demonstrated the best qualities of sportsmanship".[84] No combativity awards were given for the time trials and the final stage.[87] The winner wore a red number bib the following stage.[84] At the conclusion of the Tour, Warren Barguil won the overall super-combativity award,[9] again, decided by a jury.[84]

text: A total of €2,280,950 was awarded in cash prizes in the race.[87] The overall winner of the general classification received €500,000, with the second and third placed riders getting €200,000 and €100,000 respectively.[88] All finishers in the top 160 were awarded with money.[88] The holders of the classifications benefited on each stage they led; the final winners of the points and mountains were given €25,000, while the best young rider and most combative rider got €20,000.[89] The team classification winners were given €50,000.[90] €11,000 was given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places 2–20.[88] There was also a special award with a prize of €5,000, the Souvenir Henri Desgrange, given to first rider (Primož Roglič) to pass the summit of the highest climb in the Tour, the Col du Galibier on stage seventeen.[87][78]

text:
Classification leadership by stage

Stage
Winner
General classification

Points classification

Mountains classification

Young rider classification

Team classification

Combativity award

1
Geraint Thomas
Geraint Thomas
Geraint Thomas[a]
no award
Stefan Küng[a]
Team Sky
no award

2
Marcel Kittel
Marcel Kittel
Taylor Phinney
Yoann Offredo

3
Peter Sagan
Nathan Brown
Pierre Latour
Lilian Calmejane

4
Arnaud Démare
Arnaud Démare
Guillaume Van Keirsbulck

5
Fabio Aru
Chris Froome
Fabio Aru
Simon Yates
Philippe Gilbert

6
Marcel Kittel
Vegard Stake Laengen

7
Marcel Kittel
Marcel Kittel
Dylan van Baarle

8
Lilian Calmejane
Lilian Calmejane
Lilian Calmejane

9
Rigoberto Urán
Warren Barguil
Warren Barguil

10
Marcel Kittel
Élie Gesbert

11
Marcel Kittel
Maciej Bodnar

12
Romain Bardet
Fabio Aru
Steve Cummings

13
Warren Barguil
Alberto Contador

14
Michael Matthews
Chris Froome
Thomas De Gendt

15
Bauke Mollema
Bauke Mollema

16
Michael Matthews
Sylvain Chavanel

17
Primož Roglič
Michael Matthews
Alberto Contador

18
Warren Barguil
Darwin Atapuma

19
Edvald Boasson Hagen
Jens Keukeleire

20
Maciej Bodnar
no award

21
Dylan Groenewegen

Final
Chris Froome
Michael Matthews
Warren Barguil
Simon Yates
Team Sky
Warren Barguil

text: Final standings[edit]

text:
Legend

Denotes the winner of the general classification[86]

Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[86]

Denotes the winner of the points classification[86]

Denotes the winner of the young rider classification[86]

Denotes the winner of the team classification[86]

Denotes the winner of the combativity award[86]

text: General classification[edit]

text:
Final general classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Time

1
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
86h 20' 55"

2
 Rigoberto Urán (COL)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 54"

3
 Romain Bardet (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2' 20"

4
 Mikel Landa (ESP)
Team Sky
+ 2' 21"

5
 Fabio Aru (ITA)
Astana
+ 3' 05"

6
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 4' 42"

7
 Simon Yates (GBR)
Orica–Scott
+ 6' 14"

8
 Louis Meintjes (RSA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 8' 20"

9
 Alberto Contador (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 8' 49"

10
 Warren Barguil (FRA)
Team Sunweb
+ 9' 25"

text:
[show]Final general classification (11–167)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Time

11
 Damiano Caruso (ITA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 14' 48"

12
 Nairo Quintana (COL)
Movistar Team
+ 15' 28"

13
 Alexis Vuillermoz (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 24' 38"

14
 Mikel Nieve (ESP)
Team Sky
+ 25' 28"

15
 Emanuel Buchmann (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 33' 21"

16
 Brice Feillu (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 36' 46"

17
 Bauke Mollema (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 37' 43"

18
 Carlos Betancur (COL)
Movistar Team
+ 37' 47"

19
 Serge Pauwels (BEL)
Team Dimension Data
+ 39' 36"

20
 Tiesj Benoot (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 42' 04"

21
 Tony Gallopin (FRA)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 42' 39"

22
 Jan Bakelants (BEL)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 50' 04"

23
 Guillaume Martin (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 53' 52"

24
 Roman Kreuziger (CZE)
Orica–Scott
+ 59' 58"

25
 Sylvain Chavanel (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 04' 22"

26
 Romain Hardy (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 1h 12' 51"

27
 Daniel Navarro (ESP)
Cofidis
+ 1h 15' 26"

28
 Sergio Henao (COL)
Team Sky
+ 1h 16' 32"

29
 Pierre Latour (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 18' 45"

30
 Mathias Frank (SUI)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 21' 16"

31
 Robert Kišerlovski (CRO)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 1h 25' 25"

32
 Amaël Moinard (FRA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 32' 02"

33
 Nicolas Roche (IRL)
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 32' 35"

34
 Thomas Degand (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 1h 34' 02"

35
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 35' 16"

36
 Rudy Molard (FRA)
FDJ
+ 1h 35' 55"

37
 Ben Gastauer (LUX)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 38' 33"

38
 Primož Roglič (SLO)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 1h 44' 41"

39
 Diego Ulissi (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 1h 45' 23"

40
 Marco Minnaard (NED)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 1h 48' 11"

41
 Darwin Atapuma (COL)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 1h 50' 31"

42
 Pierre-Luc Périchon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 1h 57' 29"

43
 Nathan Brown (USA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 1h 57' 52"

44
 Andrey Zeits (KAZ)
Astana
+ 1h 59' 09"

45
 Janez Brajkovič (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 2h 00' 38"

46
 Jarlinson Pantano (COL)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 01' 30"

47
 Daryl Impey (RSA)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 01' 59"

48
 Cyril Gautier (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 03' 24"

49
 Andrew Talansky (USA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 03' 27"

50
 Kristijan Đurasek (CRO)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2h 04' 53"

51
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 2h 05' 36"

52
 Haimar Zubeldia (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 06' 30"

53
 Gianluca Brambilla (ITA)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 2h 06' 57"

54
 Pierre Rolland (FRA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 11' 54"

55
 Maxime Bouet (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 13' 23"

56
 Luis Ángel Maté (ESP)
Cofidis
+ 2h 15' 28"

57
 Michał Kwiatkowski (POL)
Team Sky
+ 2h 17' 48"

58
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 19' 14"

59
 Jens Keukeleire (BEL)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 22' 26"

60
 Jonathan Castroviejo (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 22' 44"

61
 Michael Valgren (DEN)
Astana
+ 2h 25' 36"

62
 Esteban Chaves (COL)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 27' 34"

63
 Oliver Naesen (BEL)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 28' 02"

64
 Simon Geschke (GER)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 28' 57"

65
 Eduardo Sepúlveda (ARG)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 31' 05"

66
 Romain Sicard (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 33' 24"

67
 Laurens ten Dam (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 34' 56"

68
 Axel Domont (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 35' 33"

69
 Michael Matthews (AUS)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 36' 36"

70
 Koen de Kort (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 38' 33"

71
 Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ)
Astana
+ 2h 39' 10"

72
 Michael Schär (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 41' 54"

73
 Tsgabu Grmay (ETH)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 2h 42' 15"

74
 Tiago Machado (POR)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 2h 43' 36"

75
 Maurits Lammertink (NED)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 2h 44' 01"

76
 Nicolas Edet (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 2h 45' 11"

77
 Dylan van Baarle (NED)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 47' 11"

78
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 2h 48' 12"

79
 Stefan Küng (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 49' 17"

80
 Paweł Poljański (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 2h 53' 42"

81
 Danilo Wyss (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 53' 51"

82
 Paul Martens (GER)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 2h 54' 14"

83
 Ben Swift (GBR)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2h 54' 48"

84
 Nikias Arndt (GER)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 54' 54"

85
 Élie Gesbert (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 55' 13"

86
 Simon Clarke (AUS)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 55' 27"

87
 Andrey Amador (CRC)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 56' 43"

88
 Damien Howson (AUS)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 56' 57"

89
 Angelo Tulik (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 57' 05"

90
 Alberto Bettiol (ITA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 57' 56"

91
 Thomas Voeckler (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 58' 51"

92
 Imanol Erviti (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 00' 21"

93
 Bakhtiyar Kozhatayev (KAZ)
Astana
+ 3h 04' 11"

94
 Jay McCarthy (AUS)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 05' 13"

95
 Nils Politt (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 05' 52"

96
 Marco Marcato (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 05' 53"

97
 Jesús Herrada (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 06' 05"

98
 Michael Albasini (SUI)
Orica–Scott
+ 3h 06' 55"

99
 Alessandro De Marchi (ITA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 3h 07' 25"

100
 Pieter Vanspeybrouck (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 09' 38"

101
 Tony Martin (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 10' 18"

102
 Zdeněk Štybar (CZE)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 12' 12"

103
 Florian Vachon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 3h 13' 10"

104
 Daniele Bennati (ITA)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 13' 44"

105
 Jack Bauer (NZL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 15' 13"

106
 Perrig Quéméneur (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 15' 40"

107
 Scott Thwaites (GBR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 16' 28"

108
 Jasha Sütterlin (GER)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 17' 53"

109
 Yukiya Arashiro (JPN)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 18' 16"

110
 Yoann Offredo (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 20' 50"

111
 Matteo Bono (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 20' 59"

112
 Vasil Kiryienka (BLR)
Team Sky
+ 3h 21' 15"

113
 Adam Hansen (AUS)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 22' 31"

114
 Patrick Bevin (NZL)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 3h 23' 00"

115
 Dmitriy Gruzdev (KAZ)
Astana
+ 3h 24' 42"

116
 Maciej Bodnar (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 26' 58"

117
 Julien Simon (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 29' 21"

118
 Reinardt Janse van Rensburg (RSA)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 30' 54"

119
 Javier Moreno (ESP)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 32' 06"

120
 Andriy Hrivko (UKR)
Astana
+ 3h 32' 14"

121
 John Degenkolb (GER)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 35' 14"

122
 Sonny Colbrelli (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 36' 22"

123
 Lars Bak (DEN)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 37' 04"

124
 Dion Smith (NZL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 39' 24"

125
 Laurent Pichon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 3h 39' 45"

126
 Adrien Petit (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 41' 34"

127
 Vegard Stake Laengen (NOR)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 41' 52"

128
 Cyril Lemoine (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 43' 45"

129
 Mike Teunissen (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 3h 43' 52"

130
 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 45' 40"

131
 Marcus Burghardt (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 45' 57"

132
 Frederik Backaert (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 46' 36"

133
 Christophe Laporte (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 46' 47"

134
 Yohann Gène (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 47' 08"

135
 Markel Irizar (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 47' 10"

136
 Jürgen Roelandts (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 47' 20"

137
 Andrea Pasqualon (ITA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 51' 18"

138
 Nacer Bouhanni (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 51' 29"

139
 Julien Vermote (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 52' 54"

140
 Thomas Boudat (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 53' 08"

141
 Stephen Cummings (GBR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 53' 10"

142
 Roy Curvers (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 3h 53' 38"

143
 Grega Bole (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 55' 29"

144
 Christian Knees (GER)
Team Sky
+ 3h 55' 31"

145
 Rick Zabel (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 55' 48"

146
 Michael Gogl (AUT)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 59' 06"

147
 Guillaume Van Keirsbulck (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 59' 48"

148
 Ramon Sinkeldam (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 4h 01' 54"

149
 André Greipel (GER)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 4h 02' 54"

150
 Reto Hollenstein (SUI)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 4h 03' 45"

151
 Mathew Hayman (AUS)
Orica–Scott
+ 4h 05' 17"

152
 Davide Cimolai (ITA)
FDJ
+ 4h 06' 15"

153
 Bernhard Eisel (AUT)
Team Dimension Data
+ 4h 10' 18"

154
 Fabio Sabatini (ITA)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 4h 10' 25"

155
 Marco Haller (AUT)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 4h 13' 50"

156
 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 16' 02"

157
 Albert Timmer (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 4h 16' 21"

158
 Olivier Le Gac (FRA)
FDJ
+ 4h 17' 21"

159
 Taylor Phinney (USA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 4h 18' 15"

160
 Borut Božič (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 4h 18' 41"

161
 Florian Sénéchal (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 4h 19' 17"

162
 Jaco Venter (RSA)
Team Dimension Data
+ 4h 20' 16"

163
 Dimitri Claeys (BEL)
Cofidis
+ 4h 25' 01"

164
 Robert Wagner (GER)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 25' 12"

165
 Rüdiger Selig (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 4h 26' 43"

166
 Tom Leezer (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 32' 21"

167
 Luke Rowe (GBR)
Team Sky
+ 4h 35' 52"

text: Points classification[edit]

text:
Final points classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Points

1
 Michael Matthews (AUS)
Team Sunweb
370

2
 André Greipel (GER)
Lotto–Soudal
234

3
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)
Team Dimension Data
220

4
 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
174

5
 Sonny Colbrelli (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
168

6
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
149

7
 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
144

8
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
133

9
 Rigoberto Urán (COL)
Cannondale–Drapac
106

10
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
106

text: Mountains classification[edit]

text:
Final mountains classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Points

1
 Warren Barguil (FRA)
Team Sunweb
169

2
 Primož Roglič (SLO)
LottoNL–Jumbo
80

3
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
64

4
 Darwin Atapuma (COL)
UAE Team Emirates
55

5
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
51

6
 Romain Bardet (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
47

7
 Mikel Landa (ESP)
Team Sky
45

8
 Bauke Mollema (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
37

9
 Alberto Contador (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
36

10
 Serge Pauwels (BEL)
Team Dimension Data
32

text: Young rider classification[edit]

text:
Final young rider classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Time

1
 Simon Yates (GBR)
Orica–Scott
86h 27' 09"

2
 Louis Meintjes (RSA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2' 06"

3
 Emanuel Buchmann (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 27' 07"

4
 Tiesj Benoot (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 35' 50"

5
 Guillaume Martin (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 47' 38"

6
 Pierre Latour (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 12' 31"

7
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 29' 02"

8
 Michael Valgren (DEN)
Astana
+ 2h 19' 22"

9
 Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ)
Astana
+ 2h 32' 56"

10
 Dylan van Baarle (NED)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 40' 57"

text: Team classification[edit]

text:
Final team classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Team
Time

1
Team Sky
259h 21' 06"

2
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 7' 14"

3
Trek–Segafredo
+ 1h 44' 46"

4
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 49' 49"

5
Orica–Scott
+ 1h 52' 21"

6
Movistar Team
+ 1h 55' 52"

7
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 15' 25"

8
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 18' 18"

9
Lotto–Soudal
+ 2h 28' 18"

10
Astana
+ 2h 28' 39"

text: UCI rankings[edit]

text: The race was the 25th of the 38 events in the UCI World Tour,[91] with riders from the WorldTeams competing for individually and for their teams for points that contributed towards the rankings. Riders from both the WorldTeams and Professional Continental teams also competed individually and for their nations for points that contributed towards the UCI World Ranking, which included all UCI races.[92] Both rankings used the same points scale, awarding points to the top sixty in the general classification, each yellow jersey given at the end of a stage, the top five finishers in each stage and for the top three in the final points and mountains classifications.[93] The points accrued by Chris Froome moved him up to sixth from twentieth in the World Tour and kept his fifth in the World Ranking. Greg Van Avermaet (BMC Racing Team) held the lead of both individual rankings, with Etixx–Quick-Step and Belgium also holding the lead of the World Tour team ranking and World Ranking nation ranking respectively.[94][95]

text:
UCI World Tour individual ranking on 23 July 2017 (1–10)[94]

Rank
Prev.
Name
Team
Points

1
1
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
2628

2
4
 Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
Movistar Team
2105

3
21
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
2040

4
3
 Richie Porte (AUS)
BMC Racing Team
1882

5
2
 Tom Dumoulin (NED)
Team Sunweb
1851

6
20
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
1824

7
9
 Michał Kwiatkowski (POL)
Team Sky
1771

8
11
 Philippe Gilbert (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
1765

9
5
 Nairo Quintana (COL)
Movistar Team
1711

10
6
 Peter Sagan (SVK)
Bora–Hansgrohe
1570

text:
UCI World Ranking individual ranking on 24 July 2017 (1–10)[95]

Rank
Prev.
Name
Team
Points

1
1
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
5057.25

2
9
 Peter Sagan (SVK)
Bora–Hansgrohe
3896

3
2
 Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
Movistar Team
3295

4
8
 Nairo Quintana (COL)
Movistar Team
3275

5
5
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
3066

6
5
 Philippe Gilbert (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
2419.4

7
25
 Michael Matthews (AUS)
Team Sunweb
2409

8
4
 Tom Dumoulin (NED)
Team Sunweb
2402

9
11
 Alberto Contador (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
2400

10
7
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
2349


document_title: The Grand Budapest Hotel

question_text: where is the grand budapest hotel supposed to take place

root

text: The Grand Budapest Hotel

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the present day, a teenage girl approaches a statue in a courtyard. In her arms is a memoir by "The Author." She begins reading about a trip he made to the Grand Budapest Hotel in the late 1960s. He discovered that the nearly deserted hotel, located in the Republic of Zubrowka, a nation ravaged by war and poverty, had fallen on hard times and become dilapidated. The Author meets Zero Moustafa, the hotel's owner, who tells him over dinner the tale of how he took ownership of the Grand Budapest and why he is unwilling to close it down.

tag: p

text: Moustafa's story begins in 1932 during the final years of the hotel's glory days. Zubrowka is on the verge of war but this is of little concern to M. Gustave, the Grand Budapest's devoted concierge. When he is not attending to the needs of the hotel's wealthy clientele, managing its staff or training the new lobby boy, Zero (a younger Moustafa), Gustave courts a series of aging, blonde women who all flock to the hotel to enjoy his "exceptional service."  One of these, Madame D, spends the night with Gustave prior to her departure.

text: A month later, he is informed that Madame D has died under mysterious circumstances. He and Zero race to her wake where he learns that she bequeathed him a valuable painting, Boy with Apple, in her will. This enrages her family, all of whom hoped to inherit it, especially her son, Dmitri Desgoffe-und-Taxis. Gustave and Zero take the painting and hide it in a safe at the Grand Budapest. Gustave is then arrested and framed for the murder of Madame D.

text: In prison, Gustave befriends a group of hardened cons who include him in their escape plan. With the aid of Zero's new fiancée Agatha, the group escape the maximum security prison. They part ways and Gustave enlists Zero to prove his innocence. Their adventure takes them to a mountaintop monastery where they meet with Madame D's butler Serge X, the only person who can provide Gustave with an alibi for the night of Madame D's murder. However, Serge is murdered by J.G. Jopling, a henchman hired by Dmitri.  Zero and Gustave steal a sled and chase Jopling as he flees the monastery. During a clash on the edge of a cliff, Zero kills the assassin and rescues his mentor.

text: Zero and Gustave return to the Hotel, which the military has commandeered as war has just broken out. They find that Dmitri has also appeared, chasing Agatha, who was entrusted with the painting. A chase and a gunfight ensue, and a different version of Madame D's will is discovered hidden in the painting by Serge X, in which she bequeaths her entire fortune, including the Grand Budapest, to Gustave in the event that she should be murdered.

text: During a train trip, soldiers search Gustave's carriage and he is killed while trying to protect Zero. A heartbroken Zero vows to continue his legacy at the Grand Budapest, but the ongoing conflict and the ravages of time take their toll. Agatha succumbs to a disease and dies a few years later.

text: Moustafa confesses to the Author that he cannot bring himself to close the hotel because it is his last link to his dearly departed wife. The Author later departs for South America and never returns to the hotel. The hotel is eventually demolished, though Moustafa's ultimate fate is left unknown. Back in the present, the girl continues reading the author's story about the Grand Budapest.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ralph Fiennes as M. Gustave
F. Murray Abraham as Mr. Moustafa
Mathieu Amalric as Serge X.
Adrien Brody as Dmitri
Willem Dafoe as Jopling
Jeff Goldblum as Deputy Kovacs
Harvey Keitel as Ludwig
Jude Law as Young Writer
Bill Murray as M. Ivan
Edward Norton as Henckels
Milton Welsh as Franz Müller
Saoirse Ronan as Agatha
Wolfram Nielacny as baker Mendl
Jason Schwartzman as M. Jean
Léa Seydoux as Clotilde
Tilda Swinton as Madame D.
Tom Wilkinson as Author
Owen Wilson as M. Chuck
Tony Revolori as Zero Moustafa
Larry Pine as Mr. Mosher
Giselda Volodi (it) as Serge's sister
Florian Lukas as Pinky
Karl Markovics as Wolf
Volker Michalowski (de) as Günther
Neal Huff as Lieutenant
Bob Balaban as M. Martin
Fisher Stevens as M. Robin
Wallace Wolodarsky as M. Georges
Waris Ahluwalia as M. Dino

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The Grand Budapest Hotel is an American-German-British co-production of Wes Anderson's American Empirical Pictures (US), Indian Paintbrush (US),[19][20][21] Neunzehnte Babelsberg Film GmbH (Germany) and Grand Budapest Limited (UK).[6][7][22][23] The film was funded by the German Federal Film Fund (DFFF), Mitteldeutsche Medienförderung, Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg as well as Medien- und Filmgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg.[6][24]

text: Anderson and Guinness' story was inspired by several works by the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig, particularly the novella Twenty-Four Hours in the Life of a Woman (1927), the novels Beware of Pity (1939) and The Post Office Girl (1982), and his autobiography The World of Yesterday (1934–42).[25][26] Wes Anderson suggested editor Barney Pilling watch Ernst Lubitsch's The Shop Around the Corner and the films of Jacques Tati as references.[27]

text: Filming[edit]

text: It was filmed for the most part on location in Germany, mainly in Görlitz and other parts of Saxony, as well as at Studio Babelsberg.[28] Principal photography began in January 2013 on location in Berlin and Görlitz.[29] One of the principal locations was the defunct Görlitz Department Store, a huge Jugendstil department store with a giant atrium, one of the few such department stores in Germany to survive World War II. It served as the atrium lobby of the hotel.[28] The widow's mansion was filmed partially within Schloss (castle) Waldenburg.[30] Filming concluded in March 2013.

text: Anderson shot the film in three aspect ratios, 1.37, 1.85, and 2.35:1, one for each timeline.[31]

text: For wide shots of the hotel, Anderson used a three-meter-tall (10 ft) handmade miniature model, as he felt that audiences would know that the shot was artificial, computer-generated effects or otherwise, commenting: "The particular brand of artificiality that I like to use is an old-fashioned one."[32] He had previously used miniatures in The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou and more extensively in Fantastic Mr. Fox. In designing the hotel, Anderson and production designer Adam Stockhausen did extensive research, looking at vintage images at the Library of Congress of hotels and European vacation spots, as well as existing locales such as the pastel-pink Palace Bristol Hotel[33] prominently featured on movie advertisements and the Grandhotel Pupp in the spa town of Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czech Republic and the Grandhotel Gellért in Budapest.[34][35] The model used varying scales: the hotel model was 4 meters (14 ft) long and 2 meters (7 ft) deep, the tree-spotted hill on which it stood was a different scale, and finally the funicular railway in the foreground was built to a third scale to capture it best cinematically.[32]

text: The painting in the film, Boy with Apple, supposedly a Renaissance masterpiece by one Johannes Van Hoytl the Younger, is a fictional piece commissioned by Anderson and painted in four months by professional artist Michael Taylor.[36] Likewise the much sought after pastry, Herr Mendl's courtesan au chocolat, is a humorous fictional creation of Wes Anderson's, as a symbol of the courtesan lifestyle of the concierge, the triple tier form of the story, and as an element to escape prison.[37] The bespoke pastry was produced by a local baker in Görlitz. The brief was to come up with something related to a classic religieuse, which is French for 'nun', with chocolate covered stacked profiteroles resembling a nun in black robes.[38] The fake newspapers in the film feature mainly original text, but also use some excerpts from three Wikipedia articles.[39]

text: The Visual Effects were done by the German VFX Company LUXX Studios.[40][41]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Grand Budapest Hotel: Original Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Alexandre DesplatReleased
2 February 2014Studio
Air Studios, Abbey Road Studios, Studio Guillaume Tell, St. Jude-on-the-Hill (London).[42]Genre
SoundtrackLength
59:50Label
ABKCO 1877181302Producer
Wes Anderson, Randall PosterWes Anderson film soundtrack chronology

Moonrise Kingdom(2012)Moonrise Kingdom2012

The Grand Budapest Hotel(2014)

Isle of Dogs(2018)Isle of Dogs2018

tag: table

text: Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[43]

text: The soundtrack is composed by Alexandre Desplat, who worked with Anderson previously on Fantastic Mr. Fox and Moonrise Kingdom. It is co-produced by Anderson with music supervisor Randall Poster; they, too, worked together on Moonrise Kingdom. The original music is by Desplat, along with Russian folk songs together with pieces composed by Öse Schuppel, Siegfried Behrend, and Vitaly Gnutov,[44] and performed by the Osipov State Russian Folk Orchestra.[45]

text: Wes Anderson and Randall Poster chose the distinctive sound of the balalaika to establish the musical voice of the film[46] and managed to gather two orchestras for a total of 35 balalaika musicians for the recording of the soundtrack including the France-based "Saint Georges" Balalaika Orchestra (fr) and the State Academic Russian Folk Ensemble "Russia" (ru) from Moscow.[47][48] Desplat’s use of the balalaika begins with “Mr. Moustafa” but it returns over and over again.[49] Other instruments in this soundtrack include alphorns, whistles, organ, male choir, bells and cimbalom.[50][51]

text: The 32 tracks, with orchestral elements, keyboard instruments and balalaikas, feature eclectic variations and central European melodic themes. Balalaikas are used in "Overture: M. Gustave H" and church organs in "Last Will and Testament". A music box interlude punctuates "Up the Stairs / Down the Hall", and there are haunted-house piano stylings in "Mr. Moustafa". Harpsichords and strings are featured in the baroque piece, "Concerto for Lute and Plucked Strings I. Moderato".[52] The opening song, the Appenzell yodel "s'Rothe-Zäuerli" by Ruedi and Werner Roth, is from the Swiss folk group's Öse Schuppel's album Appenzeller Zäuerli.[53]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Alexandre Desplat, except where noted.

text: No.TitleLength1."s'Rothe-Zäuerli" (Rüdi Roth & Werner Roth, performed by Öse Schuppel)1:122."The Alpine Sudetenwaltz"0:363."Mr. Moustafa"3:034."Overture: M. Gustave H"0:305."A Prayer for Madame D"1:206."The New Lobby Boy"2:177."Concerto for Lute and Plucked Strings I. Moderato" (Antonio Vivaldi, performed by DZO Chamber Orchestra (cond. Siegfried Behrend))2:528."Daylight Express to Lutz"2:169."Schloss Lutz Overture"0:3210."The Family Desgoffe Und Taxis"1:4911."Last Will and Testament"2:1612."Up the Stairs/Down the Hall"0:2713."Night Train to Nebelsbad"1:4414."The Lutz Police Militia"0:4915."Check Point 19 Criminal Internment Camp Overture"0:1116."The Linden Tree" (Pavel Kulikov, performed by the Osipov State Russian Folk Orchestra (cond. Vitaly Gnutov))2:2417."J.G. Jopling, Private Inquiry Agent"1:2818."A Dash of Salt (Ludwig's Theme)"1:3219."The Cold-Blooded Murder of Deputy Vilmos Kovacs"2:4720."Escape Concerto"2:1221."The War (Zero's Theme)"1:0122."No Safe-House"1:3223."The Society of the Crossed Keys"2:2124."M. Ivan"1:1525."Lot 117"0:3026."Third Class Carriage"1:2027."Canto at Gabelmeister's Peak"5:3528."A Troops Barracks (Requiem for the Grand Budapest)"5:1829."Cleared of All Charges"1:1030."The Mystical Union"1:2631."Kamarinskaya" (Mikhail Glinka, performed by the Osipov State Russian Folk Orchestra (cond. Vitaly Gnutov))2:4332."Moonshine" (Traditional, arr. Alexandre Desplat)3:21Total length:59:50

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on 7 March 2014 and was the opening film for the 64th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2014.[54] At Berlin, the film won the Jury Grand Prix Silver Bear award.[55]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Grand Budapest Hotel was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 17 June 2014 in the United States[56] and on 7 July 2014 in the United Kingdom[57]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Film aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 91% based on 276 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Typically stylish but deceptively thoughtful, The Grand Budapest Hotel finds Wes Anderson once again using ornate visual environments to explore deeply emotional ideas."[58] Metacritic reported a weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[59] Many ranked it one of the best films of 2014.[8][9][10][11]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, saying "In a very appealing if outre way, its sensibility and concerns are very much those of an earlier, more elegant era, meaning that the film's deepest intentions will fly far over the heads of most modern filmgoers."[60] Dave Calhoun of Time Out gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The film's shaggy-dog, sort-of-whodunit yarn offers laughs and energy that make this Anderson's most fun film since Rushmore."[61] Jocelyn Noveck of the Associated Press gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "In the end it's Fiennes who makes the biggest impression. His stylized, rapid-fire delivery, dry wit and cheerful profanity keep the movie bubbling along. Here's to further Fiennes-Anderson collaborations."[62] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A-, saying "I've had my Wes Anderson breakthrough – or maybe it's that he's had his. The Grand Budapest Hotel is a marvelous contraption, a wheels-within-wheels thriller that's pure oxygenated movie play."[63] Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News gave the film three out of five stars, saying "As with all of Anderson's films, the magic is in the cast. Fiennes, with his rapid-fire delivery and rapier mustache, is hilarious, dapper and total perfection."[64]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three and a half out of four stars, saying "It's a filigreed toy box of a movie, so delicious-looking you may want to lick the screen. It is also, in the Anderson manner, shot through with humor, heartbreak and a bruised romantic's view of the past."[65] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying "Anderson works so assiduously to create obsessively detailed on-screen worlds that the effect has sometimes been hermetic, even stifling. "The Grand Budapest," however, is anything but."[66] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "While Anderson delights in creating a fictional (but very real) mittel-Europe, he also does it with the craft of old Hollywood, using carefully made miniatures and handpainted backdrops."[67] A. O. Scott of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "This movie makes a marvelous mockery of history, turning its horrors into a series of graceful jokes and mischievous gestures. You can call this escapism if you like. You can also think of it as revenge."[68] Peter Howell of the Toronto Star gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The entire movie is like a giant, elaborately decorated cake, created by this most exacting of film craftsmen. And how tasty it is!"[69]

text: Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "With The Grand Budapest Hotel, Wes Anderson is up to his old tricks but with a magnanimous new confidence that feels like a gift."[70] Bruce Ingram of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It's quintessential Anderson, in other words, but also an unabashed entertainment. And that's something to see."[71] Steven Rea of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The Grand Budapest Hotel is by far the most headlong comedic affair in Anderson's canon. It's practically Marx Brothers-ian at moments. And Fiennes – who knew he was capable of such wicked, witty timing?!"[72] Christopher Orr of The Atlantic gave the film a positive review, saying "The comedy in The Grand Budapest Hotel is among the broadest yet undertaken by Anderson. But amid the frenzied hubbub, there are intimations of a darker, sadder history unfolding."[73] A.A. Dowd of The A.V. Club reviewed the film positively, saying "Anderson's latest invention, The Grand Budapest Hotel, may be his most meticulously realized, beginning with the towering, fictional building for which it's named."[74]

text: James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It offers an engaging 90+ minutes of unconventional, comedy-tinged adventure that references numerous classic movies while developing a style and narrative approach all its own."[75] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Every frame is carefully composed like the illustrations from a beloved book (characters are precisely centered; costumes are elaborately literal); the dialogue feels both unexpected and happily familiar."[76] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film four out of four stars, saying "I'm not sure what the formal definition of a masterpiece is, but 'The Grand Budapest Hotel strikes me as something very close."[77] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post gave the film three out of four stars, saying "If Anderson buries relatively little moral substance under lavish dollops of rich cream, at least he, like his fascinating protagonist, sustains the illusion with a marvelous grace."[78] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The movie's sad undertone saves The Grand Budapest Hotel from its own zaniness – or better yet, elevates the zaniness, making it feel like an assertion of some right to be silly, or some fundamental human expression."[79]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In its theatrical release, The Grand Budapest Hotel has grossed US$174.8 million worldwide.[4]

text: The film was Anderson's most successful live-action film in the United Kingdom, reaching number one at the UK box office in its third week with a gross of £6.31 million.[80] The film was also Anderson's first number one film in the UK.[80]

text: In North America, the film opened in four cinemas at number 17 in its first weekend, with US$811,166.[81] In its second weekend, the film moved up to number eight, grossing an additional US$3,638,041.[82] In its third weekend, the film moved up to number seven, grossing US$6,787,955.[83] In its fourth weekend, the film moved up to number six, grossing US$8,539,795.[84]

text: Accolades[edit]


document_title: List of FIFA World Cup finals

question_text: when is the last time brazil won the world cup

text: List of FIFA World Cup finals

text: List of finals[edit]

text:
Key to the list of finals

Match was won during extra time

Match was won on a penalty shoot-out

text: The "Year" column refers to the year the World Cup was held, and wikilinks to the article about that tournament. The wikilinks in the "Final score" column point to the article about that tournament's final game. Links in the "Winners" and "Runners-up" columns point to the articles for the national football teams of the countries, not the articles for the countries.

text:
List of finals matches, their venues and locations, the finalists, and final scores

Year

Winners

Final score[2]

Runners-up

Venue

Location

Attendance

References

1930

Uruguay

4–2

 Argentina

Estadio Centenario

Montevideo, Uruguay

80,000

[7][8]

1934

Italy

  2–1[n 3]

 Czechoslovakia

Stadio Nazionale PNF

Rome, Italy

50,000

[9][10]

1938

Italy

4–2

 Hungary

Stade Olympique de Colombes

Paris, France

45,000

[11][12]

1950[n 4]

Uruguay

2–1[n 5]

 Brazil

Estádio do Maracanã

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

199,854[13]

[14][15]

1954

West Germany

3–2

 Hungary

Wankdorf Stadium

Bern, Switzerland

60,000

[16][17]

1958

Brazil

5–2

 Sweden

Råsunda Stadium

Solna, Sweden

51,800

[18][19]

1962

Brazil

3–1

 Czechoslovakia

Estadio Nacional

Santiago, Chile

69,000

[20][21]

1966

England

  4–2[n 6]

 West Germany

Wembley Stadium

London, England

93,000

[22][23]

1970

Brazil

4–1

 Italy

Estadio Azteca

Mexico City, Mexico

107,412

[24][25]

1974

West Germany

2–1

 Netherlands

Olympiastadion

Munich, West Germany

75,200

[26][27]

1978

Argentina

  3–1[n 7]

 Netherlands

Estadio Monumental

Buenos Aires, Argentina

71,483

[28][29]

1982

Italy

3–1

 West Germany

Santiago Bernabéu

Madrid, Spain

90,000

[30][31]

1986

Argentina

3–2

 West Germany

Estadio Azteca

Mexico City, Mexico

114,600

[32][33]

1990

West Germany

1–0

 Argentina

Stadio Olimpico

Rome, Italy

73,603

[34][35]

1994

Brazil

  0–0[n 8]

 Italy

Rose Bowl

Pasadena, United States

94,194

[36][37]

1998

France

3–0

 Brazil

Stade de France

Saint-Denis, France

80,000

[38][39]

2002

Brazil

2–0

 Germany

International Stadium

Yokohama, Japan

69,029

[40][41]

2006

Italy

  1–1[n 9]

 France

Olympiastadion

Berlin, Germany

69,000

[42][43]

2010

Spain

  1–0[n 10]

 Netherlands

Soccer City

Johannesburg, South Africa

84,490

[44][45]

2014

Germany

  1–0[n 11]

 Argentina

Estádio do Maracanã

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

74,738

[46][47]

2018

France

4–2

 Croatia

Luzhniki Stadium

Moscow, Russia

78,011

Upcoming finals

Year

Team 1

v

Team 2

Venue

Location

Attendance

References

2022

Lusail Iconic Stadium

Lusail, Qatar

2026

MetLife Stadium

East Rutherford, United States

text: Results[edit]

text:
Results by nation

National team

Wins

Runners-up

Total finals

Years won

Years runners-up

 Brazil

5

2

7

1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002

1950, 1998

 Germany

4

4

8

1954, 1974, 1990, 2014

1966, 1982, 1986, 2002

 Italy

4

2

6

1934, 1938, 1982, 2006

1970, 1994

 Argentina

2

3

5

1978, 1986

1930, 1990, 2014

 France

2

1

3

1998, 2018

2006

 Uruguay

2

0

2

1930, 1950

–

 England

1

0

1

1966

–

 Spain

1

0

1

2010

–

 Netherlands

0

3

3

–

1974, 1978, 2010

 Czechoslovakia

0

2

2

–

1934, 1962

 Hungary

0

2

2

–

1938, 1954

 Sweden

0

1

1

–

1958

 Croatia

0

1

1

–

2018

text:
Results by confederation

Confederation

Appearances

Winners

Runners-up

UEFA

28

12

16

CONMEBOL

14

9

5

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ This follows FIFA's consideration that the national teams of West Germany/Germany, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, and USSR/Russia are combined respectively for record-keeping.[3]

Jump up ^ Technically the 1958 final was also between two first timers, but Brazil's 1950 group game defeat is generally counted as a previous "final" appearance for the team.

Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[9][10]

Jump up ^ The 1950 FIFA World Cup did not have a final, rather, the tournament was decided by a 4-team round robin phase.

Jump up ^ Not the final but the decisive match of the final group stage.

Jump up ^ Score was 2–2 after 90 minutes.[22][23]

Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[28][29]

Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 120 minutes. Brazil won 3–2 on penalties.[36][37]

Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 120 minutes. Italy won 5–3 on penalties.[42][43]

Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[44][45]

Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[46][47]

tag: ol


document_title: Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)

question_text: how many movements are in the moonlight sonata

text: Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)

text: Names[edit]

text: The first edition of the score is headed Sonata quasi una fantasia, a title this work shares with its companion piece, Op. 27, No. 1.[4] Grove Music Online translates the Italian title as "sonata in the manner of a fantasy".[5] Translated more literally, this is "sonata almost a fantasy".

text: The name "Moonlight Sonata" comes from remarks made by the German music critic and poet Ludwig Rellstab. In 1832, five years after Beethoven's death, Rellstab likened the effect of the first movement to that of moonlight shining upon Lake Lucerne.[6] Within ten years, the name "Moonlight Sonata" ("Mondscheinsonate" in German) was being used in German[7] and English[8] publications. Later in the nineteenth century, the sonata was universally known by that name.[9]

text: Many critics have objected to the subjective, romantic nature of the title "Moonlight", which has at times been called "a misleading approach to a movement with almost the character of a funeral march"[10] and "absurd".[11] Other critics have approved of the sobriquet, finding it evocative[12] or in line with their own interpretation of the work.[13] Gramophone founder Compton Mackenzie found the title "harmless", remarking that "it is silly for austere critics to work themselves up into a state of almost hysterical rage with poor Rellstab", and adding, "what these austere critics fail to grasp is that unless the general public had responded to the suggestion of moonlight in this music Rellstab's remark would long ago have been forgotten."[14]

text: Form[edit]

text: Although no direct testimony exists as to the specific reasons why Beethoven decided to title both the Op. 27 works as Sonata quasi una fantasia, it may be significant that the layout of the present work does not follow the traditional movement arrangement in the Classical period of fast–slow–[fast]–fast. Instead, the sonata possesses an end-weighted trajectory, with the rapid music held off until the third movement. In his analysis, German critic Paul Bekker states: "The opening sonata-allegro movement gave the work a definite character from the beginning... which succeeding movements could supplement but not change. Beethoven rebelled against this determinative quality in the first movement. He wanted a prelude, an introduction, not a proposition.”[15]

text: The sonata consists of three movements:

text:
Adagio sostenuto
Allegretto
Presto agitato

text: Adagio sostenuto[edit]

text: The first movement,[16] in C♯ minor, is written in an approximate truncated sonata form, especially considering the "introduction" function of mm. 1–5.[17] The movement opens with an octave in the left hand and a triplet figuration in the right. A melody that Hector Berlioz called a "lamentation", mostly by the right hand, is played against an accompanying ostinato triplet rhythm, simultaneously played by the right hand. The movement is played pianissimo or "very quietly", and the loudest it gets is piano or "quietly".

text:
1st movement (Adagio sostenuto)

Performed by Paul Pitman for Musopen (6:03)

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The adagio sostenuto has made a powerful impression on many listeners; for instance, Berlioz said of it that it "is one of those poems that human language does not know how to qualify".[18] Beethoven's student Carl Czerny called it "a nocturnal scene, in which a mournful ghostly voice sounds from the distance".[3] The movement was very popular in Beethoven's day, to the point of exasperating the composer himself, who remarked to Czerny, "Surely I've written better things."[19][20]

text: Allegretto[edit]

text:
2nd movement (Allegretto)

Performed by Paul Pitman for Musopen. (2:12)

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The second movement is a relatively conventional scherzo and trio, a moment of relative calm written in D♭ major, the more easily notated enharmonic equivalent of C♯ major, the parallel major of the first movement's key, C♯ minor. Franz Liszt is said to have described the second movement as "a flower between two chasms".[21] The slight majority of the movement is in piano, but a handful of sforzandos and forte-pianos helps to maintain the movement's cheerful disposition.

text: Presto agitato[edit]

text: The stormy final movement (C♯ minor), in sonata form, is the weightiest of the three, reflecting an experiment of Beethoven's (also carried out in the companion sonata Opus 27, No. 1 and later on in Opus 101), namely, placement of the most important movement of the sonata last. The writing has many fast arpeggios and strongly accented notes, and an effective performance demands lively and skillful playing.

text: Of the final movement, Charles Rosen has written "it is the most unbridled in its representation of emotion. Even today, two hundred years later, its ferocity is astonishing."[18]

text: Beethoven's heavy use of sforzando notes, together with just a few strategically located fortissimo passages, creates the sense of a very powerful sound in spite of the predominance of piano markings throughout.

text: Beethoven's pedal mark[edit]

text: At the opening of the work, Beethoven included the following direction in Italian: "Si deve suonare tutto questo pezzo delicatissimamente e senza sordino" ("This whole piece ought to be played with the utmost delicacy and without damper[s]."[22]). The way this is accomplished (both on today's pianos and on those of Beethoven's day) is to depress the damper pedal throughout the movement - or at least to make use of the damper pedal throughout, but changing the pedal as the harmony changes.

text: Performers often hesitate to follow Beethoven's direction, particularly when playing on a modern piano. This is because the modern piano has a much longer sustain time than the instruments of Beethoven's time, so that a steady application of the damper pedal creates a dissonant sound. In contrast, performers who employ a historically based instrument (either a restored old piano or a modern instrument built on historical principles) tend to be more willing to follow Beethoven's direction literally.

text: For performance on the modern piano, several options have been put forth.

text:
One option is simply to change the damper pedal periodically where necessary to avoid excessive dissonance. This is seen, for instance, in the editorially supplied pedal marks in the Ricordi edition of the sonata.[23]
Half pedaling—a technique involving a partial depression of the damper pedal—is also often used to simulate the shorter sustain of the early nineteenth century pedal. Charles Rosen suggested both half-pedaling and releasing the pedal a fraction of a second late.[18]
Joseph Banowetz suggests using the sostenuto pedal: the pianist should pedal cleanly while allowing sympathetic vibration of the low bass strings to provide the desired "blur". This is accomplished by silently depressing the piano's lowest bass notes before beginning the movement, then using the sostenuto pedal to hold these dampers up for the duration of the movement.[24]

text: Influences[edit]

text: The C♯ minor sonata, particularly the third movement, is held to have been the inspiration for Frédéric Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu, and that the Fantaisie-Impromptu was actually a tribute to Beethoven.[25] It manifests the key relationships of the sonata's three movements, chord structures, and even shares some passages. Ernst Oster writes: "... With the aid of the Fantaisie-Impromptu we can at least recognize what particular features of the C♯ minor Sonata struck fire in Chopin. We can actually regard Chopin as our teacher as he points to the coda and says, 'Look here, this is great. Take heed of this example!' ... The Fantaisie-Impromptu is perhaps the only instance where one genius discloses to us — if only by means of a composition of his own — what he actually hears in the work of another genius."[26]