document_title: List of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia characters

question_text: who plays frank in it's always sunny

question_tokens: who plays frank in it 's always sunny

text: The Gang[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Charlie Kelly
Charlie Day
Main

Ronald "Mac" McDonald
Rob McElhenney
Main

Dennis Reynolds
Glenn Howerton
Main

Deandra "Dee" Reynolds
Kaitlin Olson
Main

Frank Reynolds
Danny DeVito

Main

text: Charlie Kelly[edit]

text: Charlie (Played by Charlie Day) is the former co-owner at Paddy's and a childhood friend of Mac and Dennis. Frank is his roommate and possible biological father. Charlie is the janitor at the pub, and a known illiterate. Charlie is also an alcoholic and chronic inhalants user who suffers from various psychological problems including but not limited to anger management issues and possible borderline personality disorder. Charlie often screams to get his point across and refers to the dirty work of the bar as "Charlie work". His intentions are often pure, but his plans almost always end up affecting the entire plotline in a negative way.

text: Ronald "Mac" McDonald[edit]

text: Ronald "Mac" McDonald is Charlie Kelly's childhood friend and Dennis's high school friend and later roommate. He is a co-owner of Paddy's and its bouncer. He brags about his incredible hand-to-hand combat skills, strength, and general athletic ability though it is quite obvious he lacks any real skill or even a proper sense of balance. His full name is revealed to be Ronald McDonald in the seventh-season episode "The High School Reunion", though his last name involving "Mac" had been established since the introduction of his father. It is heavily implied throughout the series that Mac is gay, even momentarily coming out of the closet in season 11, and again in season 12, although this time permanently. He also displays anti-semitic views, driven by his Catholic upbringing. He is played by Rob McElhenney. His character has special relations with Dennis.

text: Dennis Reynolds[edit]

text: Dennis is Deandra's twin brother and co-owner of Paddy's. He is narcissistic, selfish, histrionic and vain, perpetuated by his Ivy League education at the University of Pennsylvania. Dennis is repeatedly implied to be a sociopath, and in one episode was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and prescribed medication. His sense of self-worth is entirely dependent on what others think of his appearance and he often suggests the best way to sleep with a woman is to make her think she may be raped or by using his personal system, the D.E.N.N.I.S. system (a satire of seduction community techniques for bedding women). Some episodes hint that Dennis may be a serial killer and rapist, though this remains ambiguous, with one episode suggesting that he collects suitcases made of human skin. He even threatens to kill his sister, cut her body into small pieces, and put those pieces into a glass box and put it on display. He is revealed to be an atheist in the season 7 episode "Sweet Dee Gets Audited." Multiple episodes have shown Dennis to be bisexual, often as a result of his pandering to attention or his need to "get off" no matter the situation. He is also a big fan of the music of Rick Astley and Steve Winwood. He is played by Glenn Howerton.

text: Deandra "Sweet Dee" Reynolds[edit]

text: Deandra (usually called Dee or Sweet Dee) is Dennis' twin sister, the main bartender at Paddy's, and the show's main female character. She is most often subject to ridicule from The Gang in many different forms: they call her extremely ugly (resembling a bird in a negative and humorous way), lazy, and completely talentless. They don't count her as one of the gang, but rather as just someone who works for them. Dee dreams of becoming an actress even though she has no acting experience and no talent; however, she deludes herself into falsely thinking she is a talented actress, comedian, and singer. Like her brother, Dee is egocentric and often states that she thinks she is talented and pretty, although she is constantly told otherwise; as an example, she has been told she is "a disgusting whore" and "looks like a Holocaust victim". She is played by Kaitlin Olson.

text: Frank Reynolds[edit]

text: Frank is the legal (but not biological) father of twins Dennis and Dee, and possibly the biological father of his roommate Charlie. He constantly carries a gun with him and frequently pulls it out for any number of situations. He used to be a successful businessman with a long history of illegal operations (such as running sweat shops and drug-dealing) and dealings with sordid characters. Owning fifty one percent of shares at Paddy’s Pub, Frank 'The Captain of the Gang' is considered to be the defacto boss and makes a majority of the business decisions at the bar. Though he is fairly wealthy and has the money to live elsewhere, he chooses to live in squalor with Charlie in order to add excitement to his life following his split from his ex-wife Barbara, who he frequently refers to as his "whore wife". This lifestyle choice involves eating cat food, living on about five dollars a week, keeping a mini meats fridge in his apartment, as well as sausages in his shirt pocket and sharing a bed with Charlie, which is also their couch. He is the only member of the gang to involve himself with politics, frequently ranting about how bad the government is. He doesn't believe in or trust psychiatrists, and was admitted into a school for clinically insane children for a short while as a child, before he was cleared of any legal mental issues and received a certificate stating that he did not have donkey brains. He is frequently seen in strip clubs, and sleeping with prostitutes (even becoming engaged to a "crack whore" in the season 7 premiere). He is portrayed by Danny DeVito.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

The Waitress
Mary Elizabeth Ellis
Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Ernie
David Zdunich
Recurring

Bonnie Kelly
Lynne Marie Stewart
Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Guest

Recurring

Guest

Liam McPoyle
Jimmi Simpson
Guest
Recurring

Guest

Guest

Ryan McPoyle
Nate Mooney
Guest
Recurring

Guest

Guest

Artemis Dubois
Artemis Pebdani
Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Guest

Carmen
Brittany Daniel
Guest

Guest

Recurring

Barbara Reynolds
Anne Archer

Recurring

Matthew "Rickety Cricket" Mara
David Hornsby

Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Mrs. McDonald
Sandy Martin

Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Guest

Recurring

Guest

Margaret McPoyle
Thesy Surface

Guest
Recurring

Guest

Guest

Guest

Luther McDonald
Gregory Scott Cummins

Guest
Recurring

Guest

Guest

Guest

The Lawyer
Brian Unger

Guest

Recurring
Guest

Guest

Guest

Duncan
David Gueriera

Guest

Recurring

The Waiter
Michael Naughton

Guest

Guest

Recurring

Ben Smith
Travis Schuldt

Recurring

Guest

Brad Fisher
Nick Wechsler

Guest

Recurring

Maureen Ponderosa
Catherine Reitman

Recurring
Guest

Guest

Bill Ponderosa
Lance Barber

Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Z
Chad Coleman

Recurring

Guest

Guest

Brian McIntyre
Dave Foley

Recurring

Guest

Nick
Windell Middlebrooks

Recurring

Old Black Man
Wil Garret

Guest
Recurring

text: Artemis Dubois[edit]

text: Artemis Dubois (Artemis Pebdani) is one of the more frequently recurring secondary characters, introduced in "Charlie Gets Cancer" as Dee's friend from her acting classes who acts out a scene from Coyote Ugly (a film that featured Kaitlin Olson in a small part). Artemis is overly serious about her craft and displays bizarre habits and outbursts. She is very open about her sexuality and often offers to perform in the nude, even when it is unnecessary. Recently, she was involved in a sexual relationship with Frank and the two shared a food fetish. She likes having sex with bacon bits in her hair because it "makes her feel like a cobb salad." She and Frank once had makeup sex in a dumpster behind Wendy's, where she incorporated a bun. She has openly proclaimed that she has a "bleached asshole". In the Season 11 episode "Being Frank" it is shown that Artemis' family is Jewish.

text: Brad Fisher[edit]

text: Brad Fisher (Nick Wechsler) is first introduced as the Waitress' fiance in the season 5 episode "The Waitress Is Getting Married". Brad dated both Dee and the Waitress in High School but both dumped him because of his acne. He rekindles both relationships in a plot to humiliate them. Charlie gives Brad a wedding gift of a box full of hornets. Brad returns in the season 7 episode "The High School Reunion" where his face is scarred from the hornet stings. He gets "revenge" on Charlie for this by attempting to give him a wedgie when Charlie has passed out from huffing chemicals in a restroom, but is horrified when Charlie's filthy underwear splinters into shreds in his hands.

text: Carmen[edit]

text: Carmen (Brittany Daniel) is a trans woman who was dating Mac. She first appears in the season 1 episode "Charlie Has Cancer", then reappears in the season 3 episode "Mac Is a Serial Killer". She is attractive but displays an obvious bulge in her pants. She keeps Mac interested in her with promises of undergoing sexual reassignment surgery and with constant flattery of Mac's physique. In "Mac Fights Gay Marriage", she has had genital reassignment surgery and has gotten married to Nick, much to Mac's dismay. In "Dee Gives Birth" it is revealed that Carmen is the father of Dee's baby (she had her sperm frozen before she had GRS) and that they used an anonymous egg donor and Dee was merely a surrogate. Dee gave the baby to Carmen and her husband Nick to raise. In the unaired pilot Carmen is portrayed by Morena Baccarin.

text: Duncan & Z[edit]

text: Duncan (David Gueriera) and his right-hand man, Z (Chad Coleman), are Frank's bizarre friends that he met under a bridge. They appear in "Charlie Kelly: King Of The Rats" where Frank wants the gang to invite them to go to the gang's luau. They later appear in "Dee Gives Birth" to provide music for their party/interrogation of Dee's potential baby's daddies. Z also makes a brief appearance in "The Gang Tries Desperately to Win an Award," as The Gang attempts to show that they are a diverse crowd; the episode then makes a pointed reference to the no-Emmy wins-ever show Coleman formerly starred on, The Wire when Dennis flatly states that "black bars don't win awards." Z appeared in the season 12 premiere, "The Gang Turns Black."

text: Da Maniac[edit]

text: Da Maniac (Roddy Piper) is a deranged, homeless wrestler. The gang enlists him for their wrestling act in season five, and he drifts into both their timeshare scam and pyramid scheme in season 9, the latter of which he proves surprisingly adept at.

text: Da Maniac is legitimately disturbed, with Dennis noting that "his mania is NOT confined to the ring." He is seen reacting violently over a fifteen dollar debt, foraging chestnuts for food, and displaying extreme PTSD. When the guys suggest that he adopt a terrorist-themed persona for a match, his response is simply to repeat the phrase "I'm... da Maniac" until it is clear he will not respond to anything else. When asked if he has children, he ominously replies, "Naw... not anymore." He also claims to love the members of the gang, "even with [their] feathers," all while calling Mac the N-word behind his back.

text: Despite his mental illness, da Maniac is a competent wrestler, with props, determined rates, and a sense for wrestling trends. He also displays marked skills as a salesperson in "Mac and Dennis Buy a Timeshare", far outselling all other Invigaron distributors.

text: Ernie[edit]

text: Ernie (David Zdunich) is the "Barfly" who is commonly seen in the background in the bar. He is in every single episode that is shot in the bar, but he is noticed in the episode "Paddy's Pub: The Worst Bar in Philadelphia." handing over the paper to the "gang" for them to see the journalist's article as well as "Sweet Dee is Dating a Retarded Person" in which he sets up Mac, Frank and Charlie's band equipment. David Zdunich died in 2009. A portrait of Ernie (David) is hung behind the bar in memoriam.

text: Gladys[edit]

text: Gladys (Mae Laborde) is a senior citizen the gang calls upon who has a penchant for long rambling stories. She played the piano during Charlie's play in the season 4 finale "The Nightman Cometh". Dennis pretends she is his grandmother to win back a former girlfriend in "The D.E.N.N.I.S. System". She claims she was friends with Calvin Coolidge and that her grandmother was the lesbian lover of Susan B. Anthony.

text: Josh Groban[edit]

text: Josh Groban (himself) is a famous singer. Dee and Artemis are huge Groban fans, calling themselves "Grobanites". Dee's love of the singer leads her to self-tan and wear white shorts, explaining "Josh Groban likes his ladies to pop". Dee and Artemis get backstage passes to a Groban show, but Dee is unable to attend because Frank had poisoned her and tied her up. In the season nine episode "The Gang Saves the Day," Groban appears in a fantasy of Dee's. In the fantasy, Dee is a celebrity who achieves fame after entering witness protection through her portrayal of an English butler character, in an allusion to the 1980s television series Mr. Belvedere. She marries Groban, but their marriage lasts only 17 minutes with Dee divorcing Groban for Brad Pitt.

text: Jack Kelly[edit]

text: Uncle Jack Kelly (Andrew Friedman) is Charlie's uncle (the brother of Charlie's mother Bonnie) and a lawyer. He first appeared in the season 1 finale "Charlie Got Molested" wherein Charlie's family gives him an intervention to get him to admit he had been molested by his elementary school teacher (this belief was fostered by the scam the McPoyles were running to extort money from the school system). Uncle Jack appears again in the season 5 episode "The Great Recession." When Charlie tries to move back in with his mother after Frank kicks him out of their apartment, she reveals that she sublet Charlie's room to Uncle Jack to earn extra money. Jack insists they share the room and spend time wrestling there. In the season 6 episode "Dennis Gets Divorced," Charlie and Frank call in Jack, who is revealed to be a lawyer, to handle their divorce. Later, Dennis and Mac use him to try to get their apartment back from Dennis' ex-wife, only to find that she hired The Lawyer. Jack proves to be incompetent, getting the apartment back in exchange for Dennis taking his wife's $90,000 debt. Jack has a bizarre fixation on the size of his hands, constantly worrying that they may appear to be too small. It is heavily implied that Uncle Jack is a pedophile and wants to have sex with his nephew. Charlie has mentioned how, as a child, he would stay awake at night because Uncle Jack would want to sleep in his bed. Coincidentally, Charlie's lyrics to "Nightman" seem to revolve around a man sneaking into his room at night and raping him.

text: The Lawyer[edit]

text: The Lawyer (Brian Unger) is first seen in "Dennis and Dee's Mom Is Dead" where The Gang mistake him for having personal involvement as the executor of Barbara Reynolds' will. He returns in Season 5, eager to personally stop Frank—he represents a family that Frank is trying to force out of their house. After Charlie makes an attempt to prove that he's more legally apt than the actual lawyer, he challenges him to a duel; the lawyer immediately accepts, claiming to have a loaded gun in his office desk. He also appears again in "Paddy’s Pub: Home of the Original Kitten Mittens" when The Gang goes to him to get patents for products that they have created. He later tricks them into signing a document that grants him all the profits from the products as well as imposing a restraining order on them. He is also present at the end of "Dennis Gets Divorced" where he works pro-bono for Maureen Ponderosa, securing a deal with Charlie's Uncle Jack Kelly, who is a lawyer, where Dennis can keep his apartment in exchange for assuming $90K of Maureen's debt. In Season 11 he represents one of the McPoyles in a lawsuit against Bill Ponderosa over a bird attack that cost his client an eye, but in addition to being hit with nonsensical anti-Semitic baiting from Frank and Dee (even though he's not Jewish), he ends up injuring one of his eyes in another bird attack that leads to Bill's acquittal.

text: Lil Kev[edit]

text: Kevin Gallagher (Kyle Davis) a potentially retarded rapper who dates Dee in "Sweet Dee Is Dating A Retarded Person". Dennis convinces Dee to dump Kevin because he's retarded only for her to later discover he isn't. He later returns as one of Dee's baby's potential fathers in "Dee Gives Birth".

text: Korean busboy[edit]

text: The Korean Busboy (Maxie J. Santillan Jr.) worked at the Korean restaurant that threatened to steal business away from Paddy Pub's in "The Gang Solves The North Korea Situation". Dee sleeps with him to get information about their secret microbrew recipe. He gives her a note written in Korean purportedly containing the recipe, but when the Gang has it translated it turns out to read "Bony American is dirty dirty whore. She bring much shame to herself and country." He later returns as one of Dee's potential baby's fathers in "Dee Gives Birth".

text: Rickety Cricket[edit]

text: Rickety Cricket (David Hornsby), also commonly known as Street Rat. Formerly known as Father Matthew Mara, a Roman Catholic priest who becomes defrocked, destitute, abducted, assaulted (both non-sexually and sexually), threatened, hunted, severely injured and addicted to cocaine all directly or indirectly resulting from the influence or action of Dee, Dennis, Charlie, Frank and Mac. As a boy he suffered from a medical condition that required the use of very conspicuous complex leg braces which inspired the pejorative nickname "Rickety Cricket". He first appears in "The Gang Exploits a Miracle" where it is revealed that he has continued to harbor a high school crush on Deandra (who at the time used an elaborate semi-permanent aluminum medical back brace earning her the moniker "The Aluminum Monster"). He admits he was convinced to eat horse feces for a chance to kiss Dee, which she refused since, as she says, "his breath smelled like shit". Mac and Dennis have been teabagging Cricket at every opportunity since high school. Dennis claims that he has a shoebox full of pictures of him and Mac doing this, and pictures are surfacing on the Internet.

text: One recurring theme in the series is Cricket's downward spiral; due to his involvement with the Gang he leaves the priesthood, supports himself by grifting or panhandling, becomes addicted to crack cocaine, has his legs broken by members of the Philadelphia Mafia, has his throat sliced by Frank in a wrestling match, is hunted by Mac and Dennis for sport, and suffers a gunshot wound in his hand when he is trespassing at Paddy's and Frank accidentally shoots him. He is then left bleeding in the car by Frank and Dee while they go into a store full of hurricane-panicking people, and he ends up driving through the doors of the place and further injuring himself. The wound to his throat wasn't fatal, but got badly infected, severely damaging his vocal chords and giving him a gravely voice. He has since carried a vendetta against The Gang and attempts to get his revenge in various episodes, but consistently fails to do so. He shows up in "Mac's Big Break", when he appears on Dennis and Dee's inaugural podcast, remarking about his life as a homeless person - during this episode he reveals that he stopped believing in god since "a Chinaman stole my kidney". He also shows up in "Dee Gives Birth" because Frank was trying "to cast a wider net" in finding out the identity of Dee's baby's father and he considered Rickety Cricket to be "the wildcard". He shows up at his high school reunion claiming to have returned to being a priest but actually uses the opportunity to steal jewelry from the other alumni. The other alumni mock him and physically eject him when it is discovered he has ring worm, but his rants about how Dee loved and left him leads the cool crowd to reject her. In the season eight premiere, "Pop–Pop: The Final Solution", he is working at a local pound for community service. He has a new scar over his now-blind left eye, which he says was from a "skirmish" with a stray chocolate lab, in which he paralyzed the dog; later on he makes numerous references to either raping or being raped by feral dogs. He claims to be a dog executioner, but then admits he's a janitor.

text: In Season 9, he suffers horrific facial burns when he's locked in Mac and Dennis's apartment during "The Gang Squashes Their Beefs" when a fire breaks out (ironically, he was not even invited because the Gang didn't consider him someone they'd wronged), leaving the entire left side of his head covered in scar tissue. In Season 10 when Charlie and Mac seek him out to help make their old friend Psycho Pete crazy and fun again, he is fully homeless and describes in disgusting detail the sex acts he must perform to earn money for alcohol and other drugs (frequently remarking that it will cost "a whole sixer" (a six pack of beer) for him to perform oral sex). Also from Season 10 onwards his crack-addicted life on the streets has resulted in him losing many of his teeth. By Seasons 10 and 11 he often casually appears in the bar to use its bathroom to smoke PCP in, and/or to perform sex acts for money. After having half of his head nearly burned off, he also stops giving any thought whatsoever to his physical appearance, with long, filthy, matted hair and scraggly beard. While he occasionally gives himself wipe-down showers in the bar's bathroom, he is almost always covered in an extensive coating of dirt and grime. In Season 11's "Dee Made a Smut Film", Cricket says that a cat bit off one of his toes at some point, and describes in exacting detail how he was involved in a dog orgy (almost bragging about it). In Season 12, the gang casually mention that they injected a GPS pet tracking chip into Cricket's body, without his knowledge.

text: Dr. Larry Meyers[edit]

text: Dr. Larry Meyers (René Auberjonois) is the high-school drama teacher who taught Dee. He appeared in The Gang Gets A New Member in which, Dee and The Gang open a time capsule and in it was a check from Dee to him for a million dollars. Dee goes back to her high-school to talk to Dr. Meyers. He tells her that he was an alcoholic and that she must give up. He also reminds her of a musical she was in, Frankenstein. Later he trips and gets injured as a result of Charlie becoming a member of the school's custodial staff and waxing Dr. Meyers's classroom. He does not appear again in the series due to the injury. Dee takes over as a substitute.

text: Principal Brian McIntyre[edit]

text: Principal Brian McIntyre (Dave Foley) is the high school principal who hires Dee as a substitute teacher and Charlie as a janitor in "The Gang Gets A New Member". He fires both of them in the next episode "Dee Reynolds: Shaping America's Youth" because Dee took her students on a field trip to Paddy's Pub to watch Mac and Dennis's Lethal Weapon 5 movie and because Charlie's mentoring of a student named Richie led to him dressing up in blackface after watching the movie. The principal laments that he probably won't be employed at the school much longer either due to their shenanigans. Principal McIntyre appears again in the episode "Gun Fever Too: Still Hot", where he is now the principal of a middle school. It is revealed that because of tenure, rather than being terminated, he was reassigned.

text: The McPoyles[edit]

text: Brothers Liam (Jimmi Simpson) and Ryan McPoyle (Nate Mooney) are creepy former elementary-school classmates of Mac and Charlie. They are introduced in "Charlie Got Molested" when they falsely accuse a former teacher of pedophilia and Charlie and the rest of the gang foil their plan and turn them in to the police, which sparks the McPoyles' antipathy toward the Paddy's Pub gang. Their clan is built entirely from inbreeding and Liam and Ryan have an incestuous relationship with each other and their deaf-mute sister Margaret (Thesy Surface). As seen in "The Gang Gets Invincible", they have at least 14 other siblings and family members, who all sport the McPoyle unibrows, acne, and eczema. The most notable relative is Doyle McPoyle (Bob Rusch), an aspiring football player who lost his chance to play for the Philadelphia Eagles when a hallucinating Frank accidentally shot him in the leg. Ryan, Liam, and Margaret avenge this in the episode "The Gang Gets Held Hostage" by faking a raid on the bar. Ryan seems to have a strange addiction of inhaling Pledge furniture cleaner, and all the McPoyles seem to exclusively drink milk and to prefer warm, clammy conditions, which explains their constant sweaty appearance. Liam later becomes engaged to Maureen Ponderosa in the episode "The Maureen Ponderosa Wedding Massacre" however the marriage does not occur, after Dennis sleeps with her again. During the events of the wedding Liam loses his right eye as the result of a riot triggered by Bill Ponderosa spiking the McPoyles' milk with bath salts. Ryan and Liam later reappear in the episode "The Gang Squashes Their Beef" as part of an ensemble invited to Dennis and Mac's apartment to make amends for past transgressions. During the events of the episode Liam displays immense difficulty adapting to his disability, relying on Ryan for assistance in most situations, as well as insecurity surrounding his missing eye prominently sporting a flesh-colored eye-patch and later painting on an eye in the hopes of making his injury less visible. As retribution for Liam's disfigurement the brothers demands a new eye from Dennis and Mac to no avail. As the episode ends Frank manages to set fire to Dennis and Mac's apartment, the McPoyles along with the other guests are locked inside the burning apartment by the gang but seemingly escape unharmed. The McPoyle family return in the episode "McPoyle vs. Ponderosa: The Trial of the Century" pursuing legal action against Bill Ponderosa for spiking the milk at the wedding and the subsequent mutilation of Liam. Though many members of the family are present at the trial (including Margret McPoyle) Liam and Ryan do not attend, as it transpires Liam contracted pink eye after pouring "healing milk" into his eye. The legal case is later thrown out of court due to a revelation made by Charlie and his self-proclaimed in-depth knowledge of "bird law" that the true culprit responsible for Liam's injury was Royal McPoyle, the pet Poconos Swallow of Pappy McPoyle (Guillermo del Toro) the standing patriarch of the McPoyle family.

text: Ingrid "Fatty Magoo" Nelson[edit]

text: Ingrid Nelson AKA Fatty Magoo (Judy Greer) was a high school friend of Dee's who appeared in the season 3 episode "The Aluminum Monster Vs. Fatty Magoo". In High School Dee wore a back brace and was dubbed the Aluminum Monster while Ingrid was morbidly obese and was given the name Fatty Magoo. Dee would always build herself up and put Ingrid down. Ingrid grew up to be a rich and successful fashion designer. Dee, feeling threatened by Ingrid's success, tried to get the Gang's help in destroying Ingrid while Dennis tried to sell his dress design to her, even going so far as to wear it himself. Ingrid later returns in the season 7 finale "The High School Reunion: The Gang Gets Revenge".

text: Nick[edit]

text: Nick (Windell Middlebrooks) is Carmen's portly African-American husband. Mac is initially annoyed that Carmen had moved on to Nick instead of calling him after she had her penis removed. Mac does not agree with gay marriage and quotes the Bible verse Romans 1:27 to Nick, to which Nick responds with the Bible quote Exodus 21:20 endorsing slavery. Nick later appears in "Dee Gives Birth" where it is revealed that Dee is a surrogate for the couple since Nick cannot have kids but Carmen had frozen her sperm before her operation.

text: Bill Ponderosa[edit]

text: Bill Ponderosa (Lance Barber) first appears in "Mac Fights Gay Marriage" and the follow-up episode "Dennis Gets Divorced" as Dee's high school crush and the brother of Dennis's high school girlfriend Maureen Ponderosa. He has put on a lot of weight since high school. Dee eventually becomes his mistress when Dee thinks he bought her a new car when in fact the car belongs to another of Bill's mistresses. Bill returns to his wife. Bill later returns in "Dee Gives Birth" as one of Dee's potential baby's daddies. Bill reveals that he tells girls he's had a vasectomy so he doesn't have to use a condom. He appears in the episode "The Maureen Ponderosa Wedding Massacre" where he spikes a punch bowl with bath salts and it is revealed that Frank is his AA sponsor. He also displays an affinity for cocaine. Ponderosa also appears in the Season 11 episode "Being Frank," where it is revealed that he and Frank have developed a friendship based on hard partying and other social activities, and Frank has nicknamed him "Pondy." Frank borrows Ponderosa's car to help the rest of the Gang spring Dennis' Land Rover from a city impound lot without paying, dropping Ponderosa off at a roller rink where he ends up being brutally beaten by a group of men for hitting on underage girls. Ponderosa also makes a brief appearance in the season 12 episode "Making Dennis Reynolds a Murderer," where in an interview he implies that he does not miss his dead sister and that Dennis "did us all a favor. You ever seen a grown woman take a dump in a sandbox?" He states that Dennis did not kill Maureen, who "died three years ago," he killed Bastet, a reference to Maureen having come to identify as a cat and begun transitioning, having renamed herself after the Egyptian cat goddess.

text: Maureen Ponderosa[edit]

text: Maureen Ponderosa (Catherine Reitman) is Dennis's high school girlfriend and the sister of Bill Ponderosa. Dennis eventually gets back in touch with Maureen and marries her in "Mac Fights Gay Marriage". She has a dead tooth that makes her breath "smell like she nibbled on little pieces of shit". Dennis gets tired of Maureen fairly quickly and in "Dennis Gets Divorced" she hires the Lawyer as her divorce attorney, ending up in a total demolition of Dennis where he has to assume her tens of thousands of dollars in debt as well as pay her monthly alimony. She later appears in "The High School Reunion" and reveals she's spending her alimony money on a diamond for her dead tooth. Maureen eventually got her dead tooth removed, as well as getting a breast enhancement sometime between seasons 7 and 8. She became engaged to Liam McPoyle but on the day of the wedding, upon seeing Maureen's new body, Dennis sleeps with her again. By Season 10 she has undergone a series of bizarre plastic surgeries into order to turn herself into a literal "cat lady" and in Season 11 she says in a courtroom that he wants to be referred to as just a "cat", period. She dies in a Season 12 episode and Dennis is the prime suspect (considering the aftermath of their divorce), until it's revealed neither he nor anyone else murdered her; she was trying to walk along the edge of a roof like a cat and fell off it, landing in an alley headfirst where she broke her neck and died. Despite these revelations, Charlie and Mac try to paint Dennis as the killer via a Making a Murderer-style documentary.

text: Rex[edit]

text: Rex (T. J. Hoban) first appears in "America's Next Top Paddy's Billboard Model Contest" as one of the male models vying for the spot on Paddy's Pub's billboard. Although an early favorite of Frank's eventually Frank himself appears on the billboard. He also appeared in the season 5 episode, "Dee Gives Birth" as a potential father of Dee's baby although it is later revealed that Dee was acting as a surrogate for Carmen and her husband Nick. Rex also appears briefly in the season 9 episode "The Gang Saves the Day" as an angel in part of Mac's fantasy. Rex also made an appearance in the finale of season 10, " Ass Kickers United: Mac and Charlie Join a Cult".

text: Peter "Schmitty" Schmidt[edit]

text: Peter Schmidt aka Schmitty (Jason Sudeikis) A former member of the gang back in high school. Mac and Dennis kicked Schmitty out of the gang (and a moving car) to make Charlie happy. Charlie and Schmitty used to be roommates and Charlie always feels upstaged by Schmitty. The gang kicks Charlie out and welcomes Schmitty back in the season 6 episode "The Gang Gets A New Member" but he quickly earns their ire when he upstages Mac and Dennis and is kicked out again. He returns in the Season 7 finale "The High School Reunion: The Gang Gets Revenge" and appears right at the end of the reunion, seemingly now forgiving the gang, to take the Waitress up on her drunken offer to bang 'the next guy who talks to her', (just seconds before Charlie can utter a word).

text: Ben Smith[edit]

text: Ben Smith aka Ben the Soldier (Travis Schuldt) is first introduced in "The Gang Wrestles for the Troops" as Dee's online chat buddy "soldier of fortune". Dim-witted and genial, he served as an American soldier in Iraq. He is mistaken as a handicapped person while getting off a bus from the airport in a wheelchair. Dee reluctantly says he was talking to Artemis over the internet, due to him being handicapped but soon discovers he isn't; he just twisted his knee getting off a plane in Germany. Ben is seen again in the episode "The D.E.N.N.I.S system" as Dee's boyfriend. He dumps her, calling her a "mean person" and goes for a pharmacist that dumped Dennis after the latter "Dennis-ed" her. Ben resurfaces again in season six with the episode "Mac's Big Break." Ben is seen chiefly wearing the jean shorts Frank purchased for him as a welcome-home gift. He appears again in "Dee Gives birth" as a potential father of Dee's. He is again seen wearing the jean shorts, and breaks down in tears when discussing Dee's manipulative behavior towards him.

text: The Unknown Actor[edit]

text: The Unknown Actor (Geoffrey Owens) first appears in the episode "The Gang Gets Invincible" when the gang tries out for the Philadelphia Eagles. He pretends to be Donovan McNabb doing a plug for McDonald's but the gang calls him out, recognizing him as "that guy from The Cosby Show" who played "Sondra's husband Alvin." Owens was indeed on The Cosby Show as Sondra's husband Elvin. In the season 7 episode "Frank's Pretty Woman" he appears, claiming to be Tiger Woods paying Frank's hooker girlfriend for her services, revealing that he's into "foot shit." Dee calls him out for not being Tiger Woods and recognizes him as that actor who pretended to be Donovan McNabb. He then claims to be actor Don Cheadle, but Dee doesn't fall for it either. It's implied that Dee does take him up on his offer to pay her to play with her "bizarrely huge" feet.

text: The Waitress[edit]

text: The Waitress (Mary Elizabeth Ellis) is the most frequently recurring character outside of The Gang. Introduced in the first episode, "The Gang Gets Racist," as the object of Charlie's affections, she works at a coffee shop near Paddy's. She has absolutely no interest in Charlie but has managed to sleep with Charlie in season 12 "Dennis' Double Life" and all of the other three lead male characters. She harbors an unrequited crush on Dennis, who slept with her in the episode "Charlie Has Cancer". Attempting to make Dennis jealous, she "banged" Frank in "Mac Bangs Dennis' Mom" and grinds on a homeless man in "The Gang Dances Their Asses Off". She nearly has relations with Mac in "Mac's Banging the Waitress".

text: She spent a night with Charlie at the Jersey Shore while she was high on Ecstasy; in the morning she was sickened and fled from Charlie after accusing him of raping her, but Charlie was just happy he got to spend that time with her. Charlie goes to great lengths to woo her, while she goes to great lengths to attract Dennis' attention. Frequently, her infatuation with Dennis causes her to make decisions against her better moral judgment and often end up the victim of The Gang's manipulative schemes. She is a recovering alcoholic, a fact first referenced in "The Gang Gives Back," when she becomes Charlie's Alcoholics Anonymous sponsor, and then in "Who Pooped the Bed" and "The Waitress Gets Married."

text: As a running gag, her real name is never mentioned; she is simply referred to as "The Waitress," and directly as "Waitress." It was hinted Charlie may know her name in "The Gang Sells Out" when he chides her for liking Dennis when he doesn't even know her real name. The only clues to her name are that it does not start with "W" and is not "Beautiful," the name Dennis guessed when he was accused of not knowing it. In "The Waitress Is Getting Married," it is revealed that she went to high school with the Gang, where she and Dee dated the same guy (a retcon after not knowing Dee when they 'first meet' in the second episode of the series). She attends the high-school reunion with the Gang, where her name tag is missing (further implying her status as 'easily forgettable', a theme in that episode), preventing her name from being revealed. Many fans assumed her name was Nikki Potnick when Frank showed up with a stolen tag bearing that name. However, Glenn Howerton specified on Twitter that this is not the case. Nikki Potnik is mentioned by Charlie in the episode "Underage Drinking a National Concern" when he reminisces how the gang crashed Potnick's car into a tree during a night of underage drinking.[1] In a tongue-in-cheek online special feature for Season 10, Ellis is filmed making a promotional video and about to reveal her name when Glenn Howerton arrives. Howerton begins to allude to bad things happening to her and when she does not understand, he reveals her real-life husband Charlie Day pointing a sniper rifle at her. She whispers in his ear what she believes to be her name, but Howerton says it is wrong and calls off Charlie. After the men leave, she tried to report the crime but screams when she is asked for her name and does not know it.[2]

text: Parents[edit]

text:
Barbara Landgraf Reynolds (Anne Archer) was Frank's gold-digging ex-wife and Dennis and Dee's mother whom Frank always refers to her as "my whore wife." She was a cold, cruel and selfish woman with little affection for her family (besides Dennis). Barbara tricked Frank into raising the twins because she thought he was wealthier than their biological father, Bruce Mathis. When she meets Bruce again, she's startled to learn he's actually wealthy. She died of a botched neck lift in the third season. An ecstatic Frank delivers the news of her death to The Gang smoking a cigar and popping a champagne bottle. Frank later tricks the gang into exhuming her body to teach them a lesson (having convinced them that she had faked her own death and buried her jewelry in her grave), leaving Dee and Dennis horrified.
Bruce Mathis (Stephen Collins) is Dennis and Dee's biological father. The antithesis of Frank, Bruce devotes his time and money to charities and philanthropic efforts, including adopting several suffering children in Africa. He reconnects with his twins through Dee's MySpace page, but they are unable to have a successful relationship with him because of his good nature clashing with their selfish ways. Bruce had always been wealthy but never mentioned it to Barbara who assumed he was poor and was thus surprised to learn about his wealth years later. After Barbara's death, he inherits Barbara's fortune (including her house, which originally went to Dennis until Mathis films evidence of Frank's presence in the house, which was against the terms of Barbara's will) and calls The Gang "the most horrible people alive."
Bonnie Kelly (Lynne Marie Stewart) is Charlie's mom. She is a sweet and timid woman who is attracted to cruel men. She had a one-night stand with Frank Reynolds 30 years ago, possibly making him Charlie's biological father. She later reconnects with Frank, enjoying his harsh treatment becoming his "bang maid," but she quickly transfers her affections to Mac's intimidating father Luther after meeting him at a dinner party thrown by Mac and Charlie. Quite neurotic and emotional (possibly suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder), she is prone to dramatic episodes. There is evidence that Bonnie may have once been a prostitute, which is later revealed to be true, a fact which greatly upsets Charlie. In "Mac's Mom Burns Her House Down", Mac's mother accidentally burns her house down and moves in with Bonnie. At first they can't stand each other, but they eventually bond over their mutual racism and xenophobia.
Luther McDonald (Luther Mac) (Gregory Scott Cummins) is Mac's father and a convicted felon. He is tall, has numerous tattoos, and never blinks resulting in a very intimidating appearance. Out of fear, he is one of the few people The Gang does not immediately try to manipulate or exploit. The warm and gentle Bonnie Kelly is attracted to Luther's aloof behavior and criminal past. In his first appearance ("Dennis and Dee Get a New Dad"), he attempts to get Mac and Charlie (who have come to visit him in prison to bond with him) to smuggle heroin into the prison in their rectums. In "Dennis Looks Like a Registered Sex Offender", he is out on parole and convinces Mac to help him "take care of some people" he has listed, including former witnesses in his trial and the judge who sentenced him. Charlie and Mac become convinced that he is using them as drivers while making the rounds to murder the people on his list (similar to the movie Collateral) and try to get Luther sent back to prison. They fail to do so and Mac is initially relieved when Luther is arrested for violating the parole on his own. However, Mac is horrified to learn that Luther was apologizing to the people on his list and didn't harm any of them, and his parole violation occurred when Luther made proscribed plane reservations to leave the state and take Mac and Charlie to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Luther calmly tells Mac he had no plans to hurt him before, but once he gets out of prison again, he's definitely going to murder him and Charlie. When he is paroled anew, Mac and Charlie fake their deaths to escape what they believe is his unstoppable wrath. Luther forgives Mac for this in a note where he tells his son that he loves him and always had and to stay away from him for the rest of their lives. In "Mac Kills His Dad", Luther is the suspect in the beheading of a state official. Mac learns that the murder was committed by Luther's presumed lover Eduardo Sanchez and reveals this to Bill Ponderosa who goes to the police intending to confess the crime himself, but decides at the last minute to rat on Eduardo. This leads to the other inmates in the jail to think Luther is the rat and it is implied that Luther is attacked by the other inmates as a result.
Mrs. McDonald (Mrs. Mac) (Sandy Martin) is Mac's mom. She is always portrayed smoking and usually watching television apathetic of what's going on around her, and openly states that she hates both Mac and Luther. When Mac and Charlie fake their deaths, she falls asleep at her son's "funeral" with a portable TV on her lap. She often communicates through unenthused grunts which Mac translates. She accidentally burns her house down and moves in with Bonnie Kelly, the two bonding over their mutual racism. Mac claims that she is a skilled mechanic, having worked all the way up to the position of manager at a Jiffy Lube, which, despite Charlie's skepticism, she demonstrates by repairing Bonnie's ceiling fan.
Heinrich "Pop Pop" Landgraf (Tom Bower) is Dennis and Dee's maternal grandfather who is languishing in a nursing home and is rarely visited by relatives. He is a former Nazi of whom Dennis is the spitting image. Charlie leads him to believe he's Dennis when he and Dee visited him in The Gang Finds a Dead Guy. Charlie find a box with Pop Pop's old Nazi uniform and a painting done by Hitler. In "Pop–Pop: The Final Solution", The Lawyer informs Dennis and Dee that they are the next of kin and must decide whether they want to pull the plug on Pop Pop. After the two of them could not come to a decision they turn power of attorney to The Lawyer. He tells the doctor to pull the plug, but Pop Pop begins to breathe on his own.


document_title: Ramona and Beezus

question_text: who plays the teacher in ramona and beezus

root

text: Ramona and Beezus

text: Plot[edit]

text: The adventurous and creative third-grader Ramona Quimby (Joey King) often finds herself in trouble at school and at home, usually with her best friend, Howie (Jason Spevack). When her father Robert (John Corbett) loses his job and the family falls into severe debt, Ramona's efforts to earn money end up backfiring in humorous ways. She repeatedly embarrasses her older sister, Beatrice (Selena Gomez), calling her by her family nickname, "Beezus", in front of Beatrice's crush, the paperboy Henry Huggins (Hutch Dano). After working as an executive in a storage company since Beezus's birth, Robert causes quarrels with his wife and the girls' mother Dorothy (Bridget Moynahan) when he decides to pursue a creative career.

tag: p

text: Meanwhile, Ramona's visiting aunt Bea (Ginnifer Goodwin) is one of the few people who accept Ramona despite all her eccentricities. After a car-painting accident involving Bea's old flame Hobart (Josh Duhamel), Ramona gives up her money-making schemes. The next day, Ramona ruins her school portrait by cracking a raw egg in her hair and responding with disgust when the photographer asks her to say "Peas" instead of "Cheese." Ramona's worries increase the following day, when her classmate Susan (Sierra McCormick) reveals that after her own father lost his job, her parents divorced and her father moved to Tacoma. The news makes Ramona sick, and Robert has to pick her up early from school, interfering with a sudden job interview. Instead of being angry, Robert decides to spend the rest of his day drawing a mural with Ramona.

text: Ramona and Beezus attempt to make dinner for their parents, but the pan catches fire while Beezus is on the phone with Henry. During the ensuing argument, Henry overhears that Beezus loves him. Still upset, Ramona goes to feed her cat Picky-Picky but is devastated to find the cat dead. The girls' private funeral for Picky-Picky helps them reconcile. A job offer for Robert in Oregon leads Ramona's parents to decide to sell their house. As the family touches up the garden during an open house, Ramona inadvertently initiates a water fight with the neighbors, which floods the neighbors' backyard and exposes a box that Hobart buried there years ago. The box contains mementos of Bea and Hobart's teenage romance, and in light of their rekindling relationship, he proposes to her. Hesitantly, Bea accepts, and the family begins planning the impromptu wedding. Furious that her aunt broke her promise not to get "reeled in," Ramona rushes home and seeks solace in the attic. The fragile rafters break, leaving Ramona's legs dangling from the ceiling during the open house. After the open house clears out, Robert scolds Ramona for her lack of maturity. He then receives a phone call from her teacher, Mrs. Meachum (Sandra Oh). Feeling unwanted, Ramona decides to run away. Unable to convince Ramona not to leave, her mother helps her pack her suitcase. Opening the heavy suitcase at a bus stop, Ramona discovers that her mother made it heavy on purpose to keep Ramona from traveling far. Inside, her mother has packed a book of Robert's sketches of Ramona. Her family finds her soon afterward and everyone is happily reunited.

text: At Bea and Hobart's wedding, Ramona saves the day when she finds the wedding ring Howie dropped. During the reception, Beezus and Henry share a kiss and dance together. Robert also receives a job offer from Ramona's school; Mrs. Meachum recommended Robert to the school's board as its new art teacher after she saw the mural that he and Ramona made. Ramona is delighted that the family will not have to move and that Robert and Dorothy reconcile. Before Bea and Hobart leave for their honeymoon in Alaska, Ramona gives Bea a locket with her school picture, and Bea tells Ramona that she's "extraordinary."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Joey King as Ramona Quimby
Selena Gomez as Beatrice "Beezus" Quimby
Hutch Dano as Henry Huggins
Ginnifer Goodwin as Aunt Bea
John Corbett as Robert Quimby
Bridget Moynahan as Dorothy Quimby
Josh Duhamel as Hobart
Jason Spevack as Howie Kemp
Sandra Oh as Mrs. Meacham
Aila and Zanti McCubbing as Roberta Quimby
Sierra McCormick as Susan Kushner
Patti Allan as Mrs. Pitt
Lynda Boyd as Triplet mother

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: On January 10, 2010, it was announced that Elizabeth Allen would direct a film adaptation of the Ramona series of novels written by Beverly Cleary.[citation needed] The film, Ramona and Beezus, would be released in cinemas on July 23, 2010. Denise Di Novi and Alison Greenspan spent $15 million to produce the film with writers Laurie Craig and Nick Pustay.[citation needed] Joey King, Selena Gomez, Hutch Dano, Ginnifer Goodwin, John Corbett, Bridget Moynahan, Josh Duhamel, Jason Spevack, Sandra Oh, Sierra McCormick, Patti Allan, Lynda Boyd, and Aila and Zanti McCubbing starred in the film. Fox 2000 Pictures acquired distribution rights to the film. Mark Mothersbaugh composed the music for the film. Dune Entertainment, Walden Media, and Di Novi Pictures co-produced the film.

text: Release[edit]

text: Ramona and Beezus was released in theaters on July 23, 2010 by 20th Century Fox and Walden Media to 2,719 theaters nationwide. The film was rated G by MPAA, becoming the studio's fourth film to be rated G since 1997's Anastasia. (The next film from 20th Century Fox to receive that rating being 2015's The Peanuts Movie) The trailer was released on March 18, 2010, and was shown in theaters along with How to Train Your Dragon, The Last Song, Despicable Me, Toy Story 3, and 20th Century Fox's other films, including Diary of a Wimpy Kid and Marmaduke. The film premiered in New York City on July 20, 2010. It was released in Irish and British cinemas October 22, 2010.[citation needed]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Ramona and Beezus earned generally positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that of 68 critical reviews, 70% have been positive for an average rating of 6.3/10.[6] Among Rotten Tomatoes' "Top Critics", consisting of notable critics from the top newspapers and websites,[7] the film holds an overall approval rating of 73%, based on 26 reviews.[8] The film holds a 56 rating on Metacritic, based on 28 reviews.[9] Eric Snider of Film.com said that "The resulting story is a jumble, and there are too many side characters, but golly if it isn't pretty darned infectious."[10] Jason Anderson of the Toronto Star gave Ramona and Beezus a good review, saying that "[Ramona and Beezus] is a lively affair, largely thanks to the sweet and snappy screenplay by Laurie Craig and Nick Pustay and to the appealing performances by the cast."[11]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened at #4, grossing under $3 million.[12] It brought in $7.8 million during its opening weekend, earning it #6 at the box office. Over its first week, it earned nearly $12.7 million.[13] As of November 20, 2010, its total gross stands at $26,645,939,[3] surpassing its $15 million budget. The film made £84,475 on its first weekend in the UK (information based on the UK film council).[citation needed]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray combo pack on November 9, 2010.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack includes "Live Like There's No Tomorrow", performed by Selena Gomez & the Scene. The song was digitally released as a soundtrack single on July 13, 2010[14] and appears on the band's second album, A Year Without Rain. Other songs in the movie include "A Place in This World" by Taylor Swift, "Say Hey (I Love You)" by Michael Franti & Spearhead, "Here It Goes Again" by OK Go, a cover of "Walking on Sunshine by Aly & AJ, "Eternal Flame" by The Bangles, and "(Let's Get Movin') Into Action" by Skye Sweetnam featuring Tim Armstrong.[15]

text: "Live Like There's No Tomorrow"[edit]

text:
"Live Like There's No Tomorrow"

Promotional single by Selena Gomez & the Scene

from the album A Year Without Rain & Ramona and Beezus soundtrack

Released
July 13, 2010 (2010-07-13)

Format
Digital download

Recorded
2010

Length
4:07

Songwriter(s)

Matt Bronleewe
Nicky Chinn
Andrew Fromm
Meghan Kabir

Producer(s)
Superspy

tag: table

text: "Live Like There's No Tomorrow", performed by Selena Gomez & the Scene, was released as a single from the Ramona and Beezus soundtrack album on July 13, 2010[14] and appears as the final track of the band's album A Year Without Rain.

text: Critical reception of soundtrack[edit]

text: Kim Gillespie gave A Year Without Rain 3.5 out of 5 stars in the Wiarapa Times-Age.[16] Bill Lamb of About.com praised "Live Like There's No Tomorrow" as "an inspirational ballad that truly does uplift by the end."[17] MusicOMH editor David Welsh wrote a mixed opinion, stating that the song "stumbles upon emotional resonance thanks in no small part to Gomez's most impressive performance to date."[18]


document_title: Sam Seaborn

question_text: where did sam go on the west wing

question_tokens: where did sam go on the west wing

text: Sam Seaborn

text: Creation and development[edit]

text: The role of Sam Seaborn was initially offered to actor Bradley Whitford, who had auditioned for the part of Josh Lyman. However, Whitford wanted and was eventually given the role of Josh,[1] and the part of Sam went to Rob Lowe, whose audition, said show creator Aaron Sorkin, "left our jaws on the floor".[2]

text: Sam's inept performance as a White House tour guide in the pilot episode may have been inspired by former Clinton press secretary Joe Lockhart, who told the Chicago Tribune that despite having to give tours on a regular basis, he did not know whether the Roosevelt Room was named after Franklin or Teddy Roosevelt, saying, "I haven't gotten caught yet, but I've made up a few things."[3] (It is actually named after both Presidents Roosevelt.)

text: Character biography[edit]

text: Sam grew up in Laguna Beach, California. He makes a reference to going to Dungeons and Dragons camp when he was younger in the episode The Two Bartlets. Sam graduated magna cum laude from Princeton University and Duke University School of Law. He makes repeated references to his alma mater, especially in the earlier seasons, indicating a certain pride in his attendance there. "Princeton" is his Secret Service code name, and he mentions being the recording secretary of the Princeton Gilbert and Sullivan Society. He can speak Spanish, as seen in Season 3 episode "Ways and Means."

text: Sam attended Duke Law School and was the editor of the Duke Law Review (which, in reality, is known as the Duke Law Journal). He was a staffer for several congressmen and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. He was also a practicing lawyer, working at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine in New York City before joining the fictional Gage Whitney Pace (aka "Gage Whitney"), reputedly the second biggest law firm in New York City. Sam worked there for seven years and is concentrating on helping an oil company with a deal that would protect them from litigation in the event of an oil spill when old friend Josh Lyman comes to visit him. Josh is running John Hoynes' presidential campaign and comes to try to recruit Sam as a speechwriter. Sam declines, explaining that he is about to be made partner and is getting married soon (the engagement later fell through). Sam returns to work but, feeling guilty about the deal he is making, begins trying to convince the oil company to buy newer, better tankers than the ones they want, unleashing the wrath of his boss and jeopardizing his promotion to partner. In the midst of this, Josh returns from a trip to New Hampshire during which he has seen Hoynes' dark-horse challenger, Jed Bartlet, speak to a small audience of voters. Josh has been sufficiently inspired to abandon Hoynes' campaign and go work for Bartlet, which in turn convinces Sam to do the same. Sam becomes part of the talented team of staffers who help Bartlet to a very unlikely victory in 1998. After the election, Sam attains the position of Deputy White House Communications Director in the Bartlet Administration, often collaborating with White House Communications Director Toby Ziegler to write the President's most important public addresses, most notably States of the Union and his first inaugural address.

text: Sam's tragically flawed romantic relationships are something of a theme of the series with Josh once describing Sam's love life as "a moveable feast". After joining the campaign, Sam broke up with his fiancée, Lisa Sherborne, whom he was planning to marry in September of that year (the joke was that they broke up so that her name wouldn't become Lisa Sherborne Seaborn). Sam's other romantic relationships include a "highly priced call girl" named Laurie, played by Lisa Edelstein (with whom he slept without knowledge of her profession), and Leo McGarry's daughter, Mallory O'Brien, a fourth-grade teacher — a relationship Leo jokingly tries to sabotage, telling Sam, "I don't mind you dating my 'only' daughter, but you can't expect me not to have some fun along the way."

text: Sam's trademark — both his greatest strength and greatest flaw — is his unflinching idealism. His unwavering faith in and love for the American political process and the positive impact that government can have in its citizens' lives define his character. Sam believes in doing the right thing simply because it is right, even when the consequences might be politically disastrous. This often causes him to clash with the other members of the senior staff, who tend to be more practical when approaching political problems. Occasionally Sam's idealism and faith in people are disappointed, to which he reacts very strongly. In the second-season episode "Somebody's Going to Emergency, Somebody's Going to Jail", Sam finds out that his father has been having a 28-year affair while married to his mother, a revelation that deeply shakes his sense of what he can and cannot count on. This feeling is reinforced by his discovery that a White House staffer convicted of treason during the Cold War, who Sam has always believed was innocent, actually had been a spy.

text: Another trademark of Sam is his ability as a speechwriter. He is an extremely talented writer, one of the very few people Toby recognizes as an equal in his field. Sam is seen in many episodes to rewrite speeches over and over, unwilling to put words in the President's mouth that he isn't completely satisfied with. After a pipe bomb explodes at a university in "20 Hours in America, Part II", killing 44 people, including three swimmers, Bartlet gives a speech, written by Sam, that includes the following:

text: "... More than any time in recent history, America's destiny is not of our own choosing. We did not seek nor did we provoke an assault on our freedoms and our way of life. We did not expect nor did we invite a confrontation with evil. Yet the true measure of a people's strength is how they rise to master that moment when it does arrive. Forty-four people were killed a couple of hours ago at Kennison State University; three swimmers from the men's team were killed and two others are in critical condition; when after having heard the explosion from their practice facility they ran into the fire to help get people out ... ran 'into' the fire. The streets of heaven are too crowded with angels tonight. They're our students and our teachers and our parents and our friends. The streets of heaven are too crowded with angels, but every time we think we have measured our capacity to meet a challenge, we look up and we're reminded that that capacity may well be limitless. This is a time for American heroes. We will do what is hard. We will achieve what is great. This is a time for American heroes and we reach for the stars. God bless their memory, God bless you, and God bless the United States of America."

text: Bartlet campaign advisor Bruno Gianelli asks Sam when he wrote the last part. He replies, "in the car", which prompts the response, "Freak".

text: In a third-season episode, Sam is awed by President Bartlet's foresight and wisdom when resolving an apparent impasse among the Chinese, the Taiwanese and the United States. President Bartlet predicts that Sam will run for President someday and should not be scared; Bartlet believes that he can do it.

text: During the fourth season, Sam decides to run for Congress in his home district — the California 47th in Orange County, California — in a special election held after deceased Democratic candidate Horton Wilde posthumously makes history by defeating arch-conservative Republican incumbent Chuck Webb. Sam first becomes familiar with the congressional race when he is sent to talk to Wilde's campaign manager, Will Bailey, on behalf of the Democratic Party, to convince him to drop the campaign. Will continues running the campaign with earnestness and energy after Wilde died, an act that is seen as bizarre and pointless — or, as Sam puts it to him, "a national joke". After seeing firsthand how dedicated Will is and realizing that he is a public servant in the mold of Bartlet's own senior staff, Sam becomes impressed with how he ran Wilde's campaign and offers his own name as a replacement candidate for election night in case Wilde wins, not thinking he will have to honor the promise. When Wilde does win, Sam decides not to back out but to use this opportunity to promote a truly liberal agenda in the traditionally conservative district. He goes to California with the blessing of Bartlet and his fellow White House staffers. Once he learns that Will Bailey is not going to stay on to manage his campaign, he recommends him as a temporary replacement for himself in the White House, to help Toby write Bartlet's second inaugural address.

text: It is never explicitly revealed whether Sam wins or loses the election, but he is expected to lose in a landslide. President Bartlet goes to California to lend his support, taking with him Sam's friends on the senior staff, who believe campaign manager Scott Holcomb is wasting Sam's time by having him run a safe, timid campaign. In the midst of the visit, Sam learns that Bartlet is putting off announcing the Democratic budget plan Sam himself had helped design, so that Sam won't feel pressured to support it and further stigmatize himself during the election. Sam is appalled and decides to put things right. While introducing the President at a campaign event, he adds that the audience shouldn't "let him off this stage" until he has announced the budget plan. Backstage, Bartlet watches Scott Holcomb react with distress and asks why he is running Sam's campaign the way he is. Holcomb admits that he is anticipating Sam's loss and trying to smooth the way for a less divisive candidate the next time around, prompting Bartlet to (unofficially) fire him and get Toby to take over the campaign for the final weeks. Toby runs a thoroughly honest and liberal campaign, not until the very end of which does Sam realize, "I'm going to lose". Toby confirms it, explaining, "They're going to throw rocks at you next week, and I wanted to be standing next to you when they did." They hug, and this is the last scene in which Sam appears until the end of the final season.

text: Return to politics[edit]

text: Although Sam is mentioned occasionally following his departure — most notably calling Josh to tell him to "roll with the punches" after the latter unwittingly caused the defection of a Democratic Senator — he is not seen in the series until the last episodes of the seventh and final season, following the election of Congressman Matt Santos as President. Resolving the debate over the result of the California 47th's special election, it is implied that Sam was defeated by Congressman Webb and declined the promotion to Senior Counselor to the President that had been suggested by Toby. After summarily quitting politics, Sam remained in his home state of California and joined an unnamed law firm in Los Angeles which pays him a salary that would "make [Josh] puke".

text: In a development reminiscent of his recruitment of Sam into Josiah Bartlet's campaign for the presidency eight years earlier(Ep 23), Josh Lyman (now Chief of Staff-designate in the incoming Santos Administration) flies to Los Angeles on a same day round trip to offer Sam the post of Deputy White House Chief of Staff. Although initially hesitant because he is again engaged, Sam ultimately agrees as he later sees that Santos is part of a bright future for the country. Sam accepts on the condition that Josh take a vacation after witnessing the toll of post-election stress, insisting that Josh will need to be at his best when helping govern the country.

text: Sam's final appearance of the series comes in the final episode, meeting with new President Matt Santos and Josh Lyman in the Oval Office.


document_title: Treaty of Paris (1763)

question_text: which country gained the louisiana territory in the treaty of paris of 1763

text: Treaty of Paris (1763)

text: Exchange of territories[edit]

text: During the war, Great Britain had conquered the French colonies of Canada, Guadeloupe, Saint Lucia, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tobago, the French "factories" (trading posts) in India, the slave-trading station at Gorée, the Sénégal River and its settlements, and the Spanish colonies of Manila (in the Philippines) and Havana (in Cuba). France had captured Minorca and British trading posts in Sumatra, while Spain had captured the border fortress of Almeida in Portugal, and Colonia del Sacramento in South America.

text: In the treaty, most of these territories were restored to their original owners, but not all: Britain made considerable gains.[3] France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal. Britain restored Manila and Havana to Spain, and Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Gorée, and the Indian factories to France.[4] In return, France ceded Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tobago to Britain.[5] France also ceded the eastern half of French Louisiana to Britain; that is, the area from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mountains.[6]

text: Spain ceded Florida to Britain.[4] France had already secretly given Louisiana to Spain in the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). In addition, while France regained its factories in India, France recognized British clients as the rulers of key Indian native states, and pledged not to send troops to Bengal. Britain agreed to demolish its fortifications in British Honduras (now Belize), but retained a logwood-cutting colony there. Britain confirmed the right of its new subjects to practise Catholicism.[7]

text: France ceded all of its territory in mainland North America, but retained fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, where its fishermen could dry their catch. In turn France gained the return of its sugar colony, Guadeloupe, which it considered more valuable than Canada.[8] Voltaire had notoriously dismissed Canada as "Quelques arpents de neige", "A few acres of snow".[9]

text: Louisiana question[edit]

text: The Treaty of Paris is frequently noted[by whom?] as the point at which France gave Louisiana to Spain.[citation needed] The transfer, however, occurred with the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) but was not publicly announced until 1764. The Treaty of Paris was to give Britain the east side of the Mississippi (including Baton Rouge, Louisiana, which was to be part of the British territory of West Florida). New Orleans on the east side remained in French hands (albeit temporarily). The Mississippi River corridor in what is modern day Louisiana was to be reunited following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the Adams–Onís Treaty in 1819.

text: The 1763 treaty states in Article VII:

text: VII. French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of the Mobile, and everything which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever. The stipulations inserted in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by this article.

text: Canada question[edit]

text: British perspective[edit]

text: While the war was fought all over the world, the British began the war over French possessions in North America.[10] After a long debate of the relative merits of Guadeloupe, which produced £6 million a year in sugar, versus Canada which was expensive to keep, Great Britain decided to keep Canada for strategic reasons and return Guadeloupe to France.[11] While the war had weakened France, it was still a European power. British Prime Minister Lord Bute wanted a peace that would not aggravate France towards a second war.[12] This explains why Great Britain agreed to return so much while being in such a strong position.

text: Though the Protestant British feared Roman Catholics, Great Britain did not want to antagonize France through expulsion or forced conversion. Also, it did not want French settlers to leave Canada to strengthen other French settlements in North America.[13] This explains Great Britain's willingness to protect Roman Catholics living in Canada.

text: French perspective[edit]

text: Unlike Lord Bute, the French Foreign Minister the Duke of Choiseul expected a return to war. However, France needed peace to rebuild.[14] French diplomats believed that without France to keep the Americans in check, the colonists might attempt to revolt.[citation needed] In Canada, France wanted open emigration for those, such as nobility, who would not swear allegiance to the British Crown.[15] Lastly, France required protection for Roman Catholics in North America considering Britain's previous treatment of Roman Catholics under its jurisdiction.

text: Canada in the Treaty of Paris[edit]

text: The article states:

text: IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guaranties the whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction, and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.

text: Dunkirk question[edit]

text: During the negotiations that led to the treaty, a major issue of dispute between Britain and France had been over the status of the fortifications of the French coastal settlement of Dunkirk. The British had long feared that it would be used as a staging post to launch a French invasion of Britain. Under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 they had forced France to concede extreme limits on the fortifications there. The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle had allowed more generous terms,[16] and France had constructed greater defences for the town.

text: By the Treaty Britain forced France to accept the earlier 1713 conditions and demolish the fortifications they had constructed since then.[17] This would be a continuing source of resentment to France, who would eventually have this clause overturned in the 1783 Treaty of Paris which brought an end to the American Revolutionary War.

text: Reaction[edit]

text: When Lord Bute became Prime Minister in 1762, he pushed for a resolution to the war with France and Spain, fearing that Great Britain could not govern all of its newly acquired territories. In what Winston Churchill would later term a policy of "appeasement," Bute returned some colonies to Spain and France in the negotiations.[18] Despite a desire for peace, many in the British parliament opposed the return of any gains made during the war. Notable among the opposition was former Prime Minister William Pitt, the Elder, who warned that the terms of the treaty would only lead to further conflicts once France and Spain had time to rebuild. "The peace was insecure," he would later say, "because it restored the enemy to her former greatness. The peace was inadequate, because the places gained were no equivalent for the places surrendered."[19] The treaty passed 319 votes to 65 opposed.[20]

text: The Treaty of Paris took no consideration of Great Britain's battered continental ally, Frederick II of Prussia. Frederick would have to negotiate peace terms separately in the Treaty of Hubertusburg. For decades following the Seven Years' War, Frederick II would consider the Treaty of Paris as a British betrayal.

text: The American colonists were disappointed by the protection of Roman Catholicism in the Treaty of Paris because of their own strong Protestant faith.[21] Some have pointed to this as one reason for the breakdown of American–British relations.[21]

text: Effects on French Canada[edit]

text: The article provided for unrestrained emigration for 18 months from Canada. However, passage on British ships was expensive.[15] A total of 1,600 people left New France through the Treaty clause, but only 270 French Canadians.[15] Some have claimed that this was part of British policy to limit emigration.[15]

text: Article IV of the treaty allowed Roman Catholicism to be practised in Canada.[22] George III agreed to allow Catholicism within the laws of Great Britain. In this period, British laws included various Test Acts to prevent governmental, judicial, and bureaucratic appointments from going to Roman Catholics. Roman Catholics were believed to be agents of the Jacobite Pretenders to the throne, who normally resided in France supported by the French regime.[23] This was relaxed in Quebec to some degree, but top positions like governorships were still held by Anglicans.[22]

text: Article IV has also been cited as the basis for Quebec often having its unique set of laws that are different from the rest of Canada. There was a general constitutional principle in the United Kingdom to allow colonies taken through conquest to continue their own laws.[24] This was limited by royal prerogative, and the monarch could still choose to change the accepted laws in a conquered colony.[24] However, the treaty eliminated this power because by a different constitutional principle, terms of a treaty were considered paramount.[24] In practice, Roman Catholics could become jurors in inferior courts in Quebec and argue based on principles of French law.[25] However, the judge was British and his opinion on French law could be limited or hostile.[25] If the case was appealed to a superior court, neither French law nor Roman Catholic jurors were allowed.[26]

text: Many French residents of what are now Canada's Maritime provinces, called Acadians, were deported during the Great Expulsion (1755–63). After the signing of the peace treaty guaranteed some rights to Roman Catholics, some Acadians returned to Canada. However, they were no longer welcome in English Nova Scotia.[27] They were forced into New Brunswick, which is a bilingual province today as a result of that relocation.[28]

text: Much land previously owned by France was now owned by Britain, and the French people of Quebec felt great betrayal at the French concession. Commander-in-Chief of the British Jeffrey Amherst noted that, "Many of the Canadians consider their Colony to be of utmost consequence to France & cannot be convinced … that their Country has been conceded to Great Britain".[29]


document_title: Element (criminal law)

question_text: the mental element of a crime is called the

text: Element (criminal law)

text: Mental state (Mens rea)[edit]

text: Mens rea refers to the crime's mental elements of the defendant's intent. This is a necessary element—that is, the criminal act must be voluntary or purposeful. Mens rea is the mental intention (mental fault), or the defendant's state of mind at the time of the offense, sometimes called the guilty mind. It stems from the ancient maxim of obscure origin, "actus reus non facit reum nisi mens sit reas" that is translated as "the act is not guilty unless the mind is guilty."[3] For example, the mens rea of aggravated battery is the intention to do serious bodily harm. Mens rea is almost always a necessary component in order to prove that a criminal act has been committed.[1][2]

text: Mens rea varies depending on the offense. For murder, the mental element requires the defendant acted with "malice aforethought". Others may require proof the act was committed with such mental elements such as "knowingly" or "willfulness" or "recklessness". Arson requires an intent to commit a forbidden act, while others such as murder require an intent to produce a forbidden result. Motive, the reason the act was committed, is not the same as mens rea and the law is not concerned with motive.[1]

text: Although most legal systems recognize the importance of the guilty mind, or mens rea, exactly what is meant by this concept varies. The American Law Institute's Model Penal Code has reduced the mental states to four. In general, guilt can be attributed to an individual who acts "purposely," "knowingly," "recklessly," or "negligently." Together or in combination, these four attributes seem basically effective in dealing with most of the common mens rea issues.[4]

text: Conduct (Actus reus)[edit]

text: All crimes require actus reus. That is, a criminal act or an unlawful omission of an act, must have occurred. A person cannot be punished for thinking criminal thoughts. This element is based on the problem of standards of proof. How can another person's thoughts be determined and how can criminal thoughts be differentiated from idle thoughts? Further, the law's purview is not to punish criminal ideas but to punish those who act upon those ideas voluntarily. [5]

text: Unlike thoughts, words can be considered acts in criminal law. For example, threats, perjury, conspiracy, and solicitation are offenses in which words can constitute the element of actus reus.

text: The omission of an act can also constitute the basis for criminal liability.[1]

text: Concurrence[edit]

text: In general, mens rea and actus reus must occur at the same time—that is, the criminal intent must precede or coexist with the criminal act, or in some way activate the act. The necessary mens rea may not continually be present until the forbidden act is committed, as long as it activated the conduct that produced the criminal act. However, for criminal liability to occur, there must be either overt and voluntary action or a failure to act when physically able as required by statute or law.[5]

text: Causation[edit]

text: Many crimes include an element that actual harm must occur—in other words, causation must be proved. For example, homicide requires a killing, aggravated battery requires serious bodily injury and without those respective outcomes, those respective crimes would not be committed. A causal relationship between conduct and result is demonstrated if the act would not have happened without direct participation of the offender.[5]

text: Causation is complex to prove. The act may be a "necessary but not sufficient" cause of the criminal harm. Intervening events may have occurred in between the act and the result. Therefore, the cause of the act and the forbidden result must be "proximate", or near in time.[1]


document_title: Coal Miner's Daughter (film)

question_text: who played in the movie coal miners daughter

text: Coal Miner's Daughter (film)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: In 1945, 13-year-old Loretta Webb is one of eight children of Ted Webb, a Van Lear coal miner raising a family with his wife in the midst of grinding poverty in Butcher Hollow, Kentucky (pronounced by locals as "Butcher Holler").

text: In 1948, at the age of 15, she marries 22-year-old Oliver "Mooney" Lynn (aka "Doo"), becoming a mother of four by the time she is 19. The family moves to northern Washington state, where Doo Lynn works in the forest industry and Loretta Lynn sings the occasional song at local honky-tonks on weekends. After some time, Loretta makes the occasional appearance on local radio.

text: When she is 25, Norm Burley—the owner of Zero Records, a small Canadian record label—hears her sing during one of her early radio appearances. Burley gives the couple the money needed to travel to Los Angeles to cut a demo tape from which her first single, "I'm a Honky Tonk Girl," is made. After returning home from the sessions, Doo suggests that they go on a promotional tour to push the record. He shoots his own publicity photo for her, and spends many late nights writing letters to show promoters and to radio disc jockeys all over the South. After Loretta receives an emergency phone call from her mother telling her that her father had died, she and Doo hit the road with records, photos, and their children. The two embark on an extensive promotional tour of radio stations across the South.

text: En route, and unbeknownst to the pair, Loretta's first single, "I'm a Honky Tonk Girl," hits the charts based on radio and jukebox plays, and earns her a spot on the Grand Ole Opry. In summer 1961, after seventeen straight weekly performances on the Opry, she is invited to sing at the Ernest Tubb Record Shop Midnite Jamboree after her performance that night. Country superstar Patsy Cline, one of Loretta's idols, who had recently been hospitalized from a near-fatal car wreck, inspires Loretta to dedicate Patsy's newest hit "I Fall to Pieces" to the singer herself as a musical get-well card. Cline listens to the broadcast that night from her hospital room and sends her husband Charlie Dick down to Tubbs' record shop to fetch Loretta so the two can meet. A close friendship with Patsy Cline follows, ended by Cline's death in a plane crash on March 5, 1963.

text: The next few years are a whirlwind. The stress of extensive touring, keeping up her image, overwork, and trying to keep her marriage and family together cause her a nervous breakdown. After a year off at her ranch, in Hurricane Mills, Tennessee, Loretta goes back on the road, returning to form as the "First Lady of Country Music".

text: The film closes with Loretta recounting the story of her life through her 1970 hit song, "Coal Miner's Daughter", to a sold-out audience.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn
Tommy Lee Jones as Doolittle Lynn
Beverly D'Angelo as Patsy Cline
Levon Helm as Ted Webb
Phyllis Boyens as Clara Ramey Webb, Loretta's mother
Bob Hannah as Charlie Dick
William Sanderson as Lee Dollarhide
Ernest Tubb as himself
Roy Acuff as himself
Minnie Pearl as herself

text: Production[edit]

text: Lynn personally chose Spacek to portray her, making the decision based on a photograph of the actress despite being unfamiliar with her films, a story Spacek recounts in an DVD audio commentary for the Collector's Edition of the film. Initially, Spacek was reluctant to participate, and asked to do her own singing in the film in hopes of scaring off the studio from pursuing her for the role. At the time that Lynn prematurely announced on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson that "Sissy Spacek is going to play me," the actress was torn between friends who advised her to do Lynn's film and those who advised her to choose instead a Nicolas Roeg project due to start filming at the same time. Talking it over with her mother-in-law that evening, Spacek was advised to pray for a sign, which she did. She and her husband subsequently went for a drive in his mother's car, where the radio was tuned to a classical music station that changed formats at sunset every evening. As the couple pulled out of the parking garage, the title line of the song "Coal Miner's Daughter" sallied forth from the radio.[4]

text: In an interview with Merv Griffin broadcast November 7, 1978, Loretta Lynn said that Harrison Ford was originally cast.

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: It has a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews; the average rating is 7.5/10.[5] Variety called it "a thoughtful, endearing film charting the life of singer Loretta Lynn from the depths of poverty in rural Kentucky to her eventual rise to the title of 'queen of country music'."[6] Roger Ebert stated that the film "has been made with great taste and style; it's more intelligent and observant than movie biographies of singing stars used to be."[7]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: The film won the Academy Award for Best Actress (Sissy Spacek), and was nominated for Best Art Direction (Art Direction: John W. Corso; Set Decoration: John M. Dwyer), Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Picture, Best Sound (Richard Portman, Roger Heman and James R. Alexander) and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.[8][9]

text: For her performance, Spacek won an Academy Award, as well as "Best Actress" awards from the Golden Globes, the National Board of Review, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the New York Film Critics Circle, and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle. Her co-star Beverly D'Angelo, who played Loretta's mentor, Patsy Cline, also chose to do her own singing rather than lip-synching; she was nominated for a Golden Globe, as was Tommy Lee Jones.

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"Coal Miner's Daughter" – Nominated[10]

2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #70[11]

text: Home media[edit]

text:
This film was released on LaserDisc on two separate releases. The first release was in May 1980, and the extended play version was released in July 1981. These releases were both made by MCA DiscoVision.
The film was released in the VHS format in the 1980s by MCA Home Video and on March 1, 1992 by MCA/Universal Home Video.
On September 13, 2005, Universal released a 25th Anniversary Edition on DVD, in widescreen (1.85:1) format and featuring the music tracks remixed to 5.1 Dolby Digital stereo, leaving the dialogue and effects tracks as they were on the original mono soundtrack from 1980.
That same DVD was included in a 4-pack DVD set that also included Smokey and the Bandit, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, Fried Green Tomatoes.
On January 7, 2014, Universal released the film on Blu-ray.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Coal Miner's Daughter: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
March 7, 1980

Recorded
1980
Bradley's Barn
(Mt. Juliet, Tennessee)[12]

Genre
Country

Label
MCA Nashville

Producer
Owen Bradley

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[13]

text: Coal Miner's Daughter: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on March 7, 1980, under the MCA Nashville label.[14] It included music by Beverly D'Angelo, Levon Helm, and Sissy Spacek except for the "End Credits Medley" and material by other artists which were not under contract to MCA. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 11, 1982[15] and has been released on vinyl,[16] cassette tape,[17] and CD.[14] Levon Helm's Blue Moon of Kentucky was released as a single on 7" vinyl, both as a double-A-side and also with a non-album track also sung by Helm, Allen Toussaint's Working in the Coal Mine, on the B-side.[18]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length

1.
"The Titanic"
A.P. Carter, Sara Carter, Maybelle Carter
Sissy Spacek
2:29

2.
"Blue Moon of Kentucky"
Bill Monroe
Levon Helm
2:51

3.
"There He Goes"
Eddie Miller, Durwood Haddock, W.S. Stevenson
Sissy Spacek
2:11

4.
"I'm a Honky Tonk Girl"
Loretta Lynn
Sissy Spacek
2:22

5.
"Amazing Grace"
John Newton
Funeral Guests
2:08

6.
"Walkin' After Midnight"
Donn Hecht, Alan Block
Beverly D'Angelo
2:21

7.
"Crazy"
H.W. Nelson
Beverly D'Angelo
2:45

8.
"I Fall to Pieces"
Hank Cochran, Harlan Howard
Sissy Spacek
2:48

9.
"Sweet Dreams"
Don Gibson
Beverly D'Angelo
2:37

10.
"Back in Baby's Arms"
Bob Montgomery
Sissy Spacek, Beverly D'Angelo
2:10

11.
"One's on the Way"
Shel Silverstein
Sissy Spacek
2:42

12.
"You Ain't Woman Enough To Take My Man"
Lynn
Sissy Spacek
2:18

13.
"You're Lookin' at Country"
Lynn
Sissy Spacek
2:26

14.
"Coal Miner's Daughter"
Lynn
Sissy Spacek
3:04

text: Charts and certifications[edit]

text:
Weekly charts

Chart (1980)
Peak
position

Canada Country Albums (RPM)[19]
1

Canada Top Albums (RPM)
23

US Top Country Albums (Billboard)
2

US Billboard 200
40

Certifications

Country
Certification

United States
Gold[15]

text:
Preceded by
Together by The Oak Ridge Boys
RPM Country Albums number-one album
May 10–31, 1980
Succeeded by
Together by The Oak Ridge Boys

text: Adaptation[edit]

text: On May 10, 2012, at the Grand Ole Opry, Lynn announced that Zooey Deschanel will play her in a Broadway musical adaptation.[20]

text: One episode of The Simpsons, entitled "Colonel Homer", is partly based on this film. The episode also stars Beverly D'Angelo as cocktail waitress Lurleen Lumpkin, who happens to have a beautiful country singing voice.