document_title: List of countries by tax rates

question_text: who pays the highest corporate taxes in the world

root

text: List of countries by tax rates

text: Methodology[edit]

text: This is a list of tax rates around the world. It focuses on four types of tax:

tag: p

text:
Corporate tax
Individual income tax
Sales tax, including VAT and GST.

tag: ul

text: Some other taxes (for instance property tax, substantial in many countries, such as the United States) and payroll tax are not shown here. The table is not exhaustive in representing the true tax burden to either the corporation or the individual in the listed country. The tax rates displayed are marginal and do not account for deductions, exemptions or rebates. The effective rate is usually much lower than the marginal rate, but sometimes much higher. The tax rates given for federations (such as the United States and Canada) are averages and vary depending on the state or province. Territories that have different rates to their respective nation are in italics.

text: Countries[edit]

text:
Country
Corporate tax
Individual (min)
Individual (max)[1]
VAT or GST or Sales tax
(also see VAT rates)
Further reading

 Afghanistan
20%[2]
0%[3]
20%[3]
0%[4]
Taxation in Afghanistan

 Albania
15%[5]
0%[6]
23%[6]
7000600000000000000♠6% (tourism services)[7]
7001200000000000000♠20% (others)[8]
Taxation in Albania

 Algeria
19%–26%[9]
0%[10]
35%[10]
7000700000000000000♠7% (basic items)[11]
7001170000000000000♠17% (others)[11]
Taxation in Algeria

 American Samoa
15%-44%[12][13]
4%[14][13]
6%[13]
0%[15][13]
Taxation in American Samoa

 Andorra
10%[16]
10%[17]
10%[17]
5000000000000000000♠0%, 7000100000000000000♠1% or 7000250000000000000♠2.5% (reduced rates)
7000450000000000000♠4.5% (standard rate)
7000950000000000000♠9.5% (banking services)[18]
Taxation in Andorra

 Angola
30%[19]
0%[19]
17%[19]
7001100000000000000♠10%[19]
Taxation in Angola

 Anguilla
0%[20]
0%[20]
0%[20]
0%[20]
Taxation in Anguilla

 Argentina
35%[21]
9%[21]
35%[21]
7001210000000000000♠21%[21]
Taxation in Argentina

 Armenia
20%[22]
24.4%[22]
36%[22]
7001200000000000000♠20%[22]
Taxation in Armenia

 Aruba
25%[23]
7%[23]
58.95%[23]
1.5% (turnover tax)[23]
Taxation in Aruba

 Australia
28.5%–30%[24][Note 1]
0%[24]
49%[25][Note 2]
5000000000000000000♠0% (essential items)
7001100000000000000♠10% (others)[24]
Taxation in Australia

 Austria
25%[26]
0%[26]
55%[26]
7001100000000000000♠10% (basic items)
7001130000000000000♠13% (tourism services)
7001200000000000000♠20% (others)[26]
Taxation in Austria

 Azerbaijan
20%[27]
14%[27]
25%[27]
7001180000000000000♠18%[27]
Taxation in Azerbaijan

 Bahamas[28]
0%[29]
0%
0% (8.8% social security tax)
0%-7.5%[30]
Taxation in Bahamas

 Bangladesh[31]
35%[32]
0%
25%
7001150000000000000♠15%[8]
Taxation in Bangladesh

 Barbados[33]
25%
25%
38%
7001175000000000000♠17.5%[8] (hotel accommodation 7.5%)
Taxation in Barbados

 Bahrain
0%[34]
0%
0%
5%
Taxation in Bahrain

 Belarus[35]
18%
13%
17%
7001200000000000000♠20%[8] or 10%
Taxation in Belarus

 Belgium[31]
33.99%[36]
0%
64% (max of federal+local) 55% (federal) + 0%-9% (local)
7001210000000000000♠21%[8] - 12% (restaurants) - 6% (essential and selected goods)
Taxation in Belgium

 Belize
N/A
0%
25%
7001125000000000000♠12.5%
Taxation in Belize

 Benin[citation needed]
35%
10%
35%
7001180000000000000♠18%[8]
Taxation in Benin

 Bermuda
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Bermuda

 Bhutan
30%
0%
25%[37]
N/A
Taxation in Bhutan

 Bolivia
25%
0%
25%
7001130000000000000♠13%[8] (VAT) – multiple rates (ICE: Consumption of specific products)
Taxation in Bolivia

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
10%[38]
N/A
5% FBiH, 0–15% RS[38]
7001170000000000000♠17% FBiH and RS[8][38]
Taxation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Botswana
22%
0%
25%
7001120000000000000♠12%
Taxation in Botswana

 Brazil[31]
34%
0% [39]
27.5%
7001170000000000000♠17% to 25% [40]
Taxation in Brazil

 Brunei
20%
0%
0%
N/A[8]
Taxation in Brunei

 Bulgaria
10%
10%
10%
7001200000000000000♠20%[8]
Taxation in Bulgaria

 Burkina Faso
27.5%
0%
25%
7001180000000000000♠18%[8]
Taxation in Burkina Faso

 Burundi[41]
35%
0%
35%
7001180000000000000♠18%[8]
Taxation in Burundi

 Cambodia
20%
0%
20%
7001100000000000000♠10%[8]
Taxation in Cambodia

 Cameroon[35]
31.5%
10%
35%
7001192500000000000♠19.25%
Taxation in Cameroon

 Canada
31% (15% fed + 11-16% provincial)[42]
19% (15% fed + (4%-11% provincial))[43] (0% on the first $11,474 of income) [44]
54% (33% fed + (11.5%-21% provincial))[45]
7000500000000000000♠5% (federal GST) + 0%-15% (provincial taxes)[46]
Taxation in Canada

 Cape Verde
25%
16.5
27.5
7001150000000000000♠15%[8]
Taxation in Cape Verde

 Cayman Islands
0%[47]
0%[47]
0%[47]
0%[47][48][Note 3]
Taxation in the Cayman Islands

 Central African Republic
30%[49]
N/A
50%[49]
7001190000000000000♠19%[8]
Taxation in the Central African Republic

 Chad
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Chad

 Chile[50]
24%[51] (on distributed profits, deductible from personal income taxes[52][53])
0%
40%
7001190000000000000♠19%[8]
Taxation in Chile

 China[31]
25%
0%
45%[54][55]
7001170000000000000♠17% with many exceptions[8]
Taxation in China

 Colombia[35]
25%
0%
33%
7001190000000000000♠19%[8]
Taxation in Colombia

 Comoros
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Comoros

 Cook Islands
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Cook Islands

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

 Congo
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in the Republic of the Congo

 Costa Rica
30%
0%
25%
7001130000000000000♠13%[56]
Taxation in Costa Rica

 Croatia[35]
12% for less than 3 mil kn, 18% for more
12%
40%
7001250000000000000♠25%[57] (0% on books and some foods)
Taxation in Croatia

 Cuba[58]
30%
15%
50%
7000250000000000000♠2.5% to 20%[8]
Taxation in Cuba

 Curaçao
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Curaçao

 Cyprus[31]
12.5%
0%
35%
7001190000000000000♠19%[8] (5% or 0% for certain goods)
Taxation in Cyprus

 Czech Republic[59][60]
19%[36]
15% (minus 24,840 CZK per year)
22%
7001210000000000000♠21%[61] (15% or 10% for certain goods)
Taxation in the Czech Republic

 Denmark[62]
22%
29.68% (2015)[63] (first USD $7,760 pro anno is deductible)
55.794% (8% + 51.95% of remainder (2017))[63]
7001250000000000000♠25%
Taxation in Denmark

 Djibouti
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Djibouti

 Dominica
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Dominica

 Dominican Republic
27%
0%
25%
18%
Taxation in Dominican Republic

 Timor-Leste
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in East Timor

 Ecuador
24%
0%
35%
7001120000000000000♠12% (standard), 15% (luxury goods), 0% (exports)
Taxation in Ecuador

 Egypt[64]
22.5%
0% (Up to 7.2K EGP per year)
22.5% (more than 200K EGP per year)
7001140000000000000♠14% (standard), 10% (professional services), 0% (exports)
Taxation in Egypt

 El Salvador
30%
0%
30%
7001130000000000000♠13%
Taxation in El Salvador

 Equatorial Guinea
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Equatorial Guinea

 Eritrea
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Eritrea

 Estonia[31]
0% (20% on distribution of profit)
20% (0% on dividents to residents)
20%
7001200000000000000♠20% or 9%
Taxation in Estonia

 Ethiopia
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Ethiopia

 Falkland Islands
26%
0%
26%
0%
Taxation in Falkland islands

 F.S. Micronesia
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Micronesia

 Fiji
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Fiji

 Finland
20%[65]
7.71%
(7.71% social security,[66] no national[67] or municipal[68] taxes for income no more than 2 930 €)

61.96% (31.75% national[67]
16.5-22.5% municipal[69]
7.71% social security[66])

7001240000000000000♠24%
14% (food and fodder)
10% (e.g. medicines, public transport)
Taxation in Finland

 France
15% (profit < 38120€) - 33.00% (profit > 38120€)
0% up to €9700
45% (+ tax on high incomes: 4% over 500,000€)[70]
20%, 10% (restaurants, transportation, tourism), 5.5% (utilities), 2.1% (press)
Taxation in France

 Gabon
35%
5%
35%
7001180000000000000♠18%
Taxation in Gabon

 Gambia
31%
0%
30%
N/A
Taxation in Gambia

 Germany
29.65%[32]
14% (first €8,354 pro anno is deductible)
47.475% (45% income tax + 5.5% solidarity surcharge based on the total tax bill)
7001190000000000000♠19% or 7% (e.g. food)
Taxation in Germany

 Georgia[35]
15%
5%
20%
7001180000000000000♠18%
Taxation in Georgia

 Ghana
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Ghana

 Gibraltar
10%
17%
40%
0%
Taxation in Gibraltar

 Greece
29% (+29% paid in advance & returned after 1 year)
22%
(€1,900 tax deducted if income <€21,000)
45%
7001240000000000000♠24%,[8] 13% (Health, Tourism), and 6% (Theater tickets, books, medicine). For some islands away from the mainland the rates are 17%, 9% and 4%.
Taxation in Greece

 Grenada
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Grenada

 Guatemala[35]
25%
5%
7%
7001120000000000000♠12%
Taxation in Guatemala

 Guinea
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Guinea

 Guinea-Bissau
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Guinea-Bissau

 Guyana[71]
30%
N/A
33⅓%
7001160000000000000♠16% or 0%
Taxation in Guyana

 Guernsey
0%[72]
0%
20%
0% [73]}
Taxation in Guernsey

 Haiti
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Haiti

 Honduras
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Honduras

 Hong Kong[74]
16.5%[75]
0%
15%
0%. The idea to levy GST was proposed and dropped in 2006.
Taxation in Hong Kong

 Hungary
9%
46.15% (17.8% social contribution tax, ocational training contribution 2.4%, 5.7% healthcare, social security 8.1%, income tax 12.15%, )
46.15% (17.8% social contribution tax, ocational training contribution 2.4%, 5.7% healthcare, social security 8.1%, income tax 12.15%, )
7001270000000000000♠27%, 18% (milk, egg, pork, chicken meat, internet service, restaurant services), 5% (medicines, books)
Taxation in Hungary

 Iceland[35]
20%
0%
46%
7001240000000000000♠24% or 11%
Taxation in Iceland

 India
30%[76]
0%
34.6%[77]
7001500000000000000♠50%. GST rates in India are very high when compared to other countries; it ranges from 0% up to 50%: which includes 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28%, 29%, 31%, 43%, 45%, 48%, 50% {Additional cess includes (28%+1%), (28%+3%), (28%+15%), (28%+17%), (28%+20%), (28%+22%)} varying for both goods and services on 1211 items and services.[78]
Taxation in India

 Indonesia
25%
5%
30%
7001100000000000000♠10%
Taxation in Indonesia

 Iran
25%
0%
35%
0%-9% - depending on item
Taxation in Iran

 Iraq
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Iraq

 Ireland
12.5%
20% (first €1,650 pro anno is deductible)
52% (40% Income Tax + 12% social insurance contributions on income above €70,000, 9% social security contributions between €18,000 and €70,000)
7001230000000000000♠23% Goods
9%-13.5% Services
0% certain items of food
Taxation in Ireland

 Isle of Man
0%
10%
20%
20%, 5% on Home Renovations
Taxation in Isle of Man

 Israel
24%[79]
11.5%
50%
7001170000000000000♠17% on all the products and services (except for vegetables and fruits).
Taxation in Israel

 Italy
27.9% (24% + 3.9% municipal)
23%- 0% on the first 8.500 euro income
43% +4% (special added tax)
7001220000000000000♠22% or 10% or 4% (food, books)
Taxation in Italy

 Ivory Coast
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Ivory Coast

 Jamaica
33.3% Large companies 25% Small Private companies
0%
25% on income over J$ 1,500,000
GCT 7001165000000000000♠16.5%, SCT varies up to 20%
Taxation in Jamaica

 Japan[80]
32.11%[81]
5%
50% (40% national + 10% local)
7000800000000000000♠8% (consumption)
Taxation in Japan

 Jersey[31]
0%
0%
20% [82]
5%[83]
Taxation in Jersey

 Jordan[35]
20%
0%
14%
7001160000000000000♠16% (GST)
Taxation in Jordan

 Kazakhstan[35]
20%[32][2]
10%
10% (for residents), 15% (for non-residents)
7001120000000000000♠12%
Taxation in Kazakhstan

 Kenya
30%[32]
10%
30% citizens, 35% foreigners
16%/12% (electricity & fuel) VAT, 0%/exempt FOOD + 12.5% Withholding tax, 5% contractor Withholding tax
Taxation in Kenya

 Kiribati
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Kiribati

 Kuwait
0%
0%
0%
0%
Taxation in Kuwait

 South Korea[35]
24.2%[32]
6% + 1.8%[84]
38%[85] + 11.4%[84]
7001100000000000000♠10%
Taxation in South Korea

 North Korea[86]
25%
0%
20%
2% to 4%
Taxation in North Korea

 Kyrgyzstan
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Kyrgyzstan

 Laos
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Laos

 Latvia
15%
23% (flat tax rate)[87]
23%
7001210000000000000♠21%[88]
Taxation in Latvia

 Lebanon[35]
15%
2%
20%
7001100000000000000♠10%
Taxation in Lebanon

 Lesotho
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Lesotho

 Liberia
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Liberia

 Liberland
0%
0%
0%
0%
Taxation in Liberland

 Libya
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Libya

 Liechtenstein[89][90]
12.5%
1.2%
17.82%
2.5%-7000800000000000000♠8.0%, (lodging services 3.8%)[91]
Taxation in Liechtenstein

 Lithuania[citation needed]
33.75%[92]
0%
15%
7001210000000000000♠21%
Taxation in Lithuania

 Luxembourg
29.22%
6%
52.45% total: 40%[93] + 12.45% social security charges[94]
7001170000000000000♠17%
Taxation in Luxembourg

 Macau[31]
12%
0%
12%
0% [95]
Taxation in Macau

 Macedonia[31]
10%
10% (flat tax rate)
10%
7001180000000000000♠18% or 5%
Taxation in Macedonia

 Madagascar
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Madagascar

 Malawi
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Malawi

 Malaysia[31]
18-24%
0%
28%. On top of that, additional 11% for Employees Provident Fund[96],from Employee, 12%-13% from Employer[97]; Additional 1.2% for SOCSO[98] from Employee, and 1.4% from Employer
6% GST [99]
Taxation in Malaysia

 Maldives[100]
8%-7001150000000000000♠15%[101]
0%
15%
7000600000000000000♠6% Since January 1, 2012 (Increased from 3.5% set on October 2, 2011)[102]
Taxation in Maldives

 Mali
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Mali

 Malta
0-10% (35%[32] pre rebate)
0%
35%
7001180000000000000♠18%
Taxation in Malta

 Marshall Islands
N/A
0%, 8% on employees of resident companies
12% on employees of resident companies[103]
2-4%
Taxation in Marshall Islands

 Mauritania
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Mauritania

 Mauritius
15%
15% (flat tax rate)
15%
7001150000000000000♠15%
Taxation in Mauritius

 Mexico[31]
30%[104]
1.92%
35%
7001160000000000000♠16%
Taxation in Mexico

 Moldova[31]
12%
7%
18%
7001200000000000000♠20%
Taxation in Moldova

 Monaco
33.33%
0%[105]
0%
7001196000000000000♠19.6%-5.5%[106]
Taxation in Monaco

 Mongolia
10%
10%
10%
10%
Taxation in Mongolia

 Montenegro
9%[107][108]
9% (first EUR 720)[108]
15%[108]
7001190000000000000♠19%[108]
Taxation in Montenegro

 Montserrat
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Montserrat

 Morocco
10%-31%[32][109]
0 %
7%-20%[109]
N/A
Taxation in Morocco

 Mozambique
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Mozambique

 Myanmar
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Myanmar

 Namibia
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Naminia

 Nauru
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Nauru

   Nepal
20%
15%, 1% Social Security Tax Mandatory
25%[110]
7001130000000000000♠13%[111]
Taxation in Nepal

 Netherlands
20% on first €250.000 profit.
25% on €250.001+ profit

36.55% (first €2,103 pro anno is deductible)
51,95% [112] + reduction of deductions (arbeidskorting and general korting)
7001210000000000000♠21% (6% for essential and selected goods)
Taxation in the Netherlands

 New Zealand
28%
10.5%[113]
33%[114]
7001150000000000000♠15% GST
Taxation in New Zealand

 New Caledonia[115]
30%
0%
25% on local income of non-residents
40%[116]

N/A
Taxation in New Caledonia

 Nicaragua
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Nicaragua

 Niger
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Niger

 Nigeria
30%
7%
24%
5%
Taxation in Nigeria

 Niue
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Niue

 Norfolk Island
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Norfolk Island

 Norway[117]
24%[118]
0%
46.9%[119] (includes 8.2% pension contribution)
7001250000000000000♠25% or 15% (food and drink in shops) or 10% (transportation, cinema, hotel rooms)
Taxation in Norway

 Oman
15%[120][121]
0%
0%
5%
Taxation in Oman

 Pakistan
35%
7.5%
35%
5000000000000000000♠0% or 17% (basic food items)
Taxation in Pakistan

 Palau
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Palau

 Palestine
15%
5%
15%
7001145000000000000♠14.5% (VAT)
Taxation in Palestine

 Panama
25%
0%
27%
7000700000000000000♠7% (except for: essential goods 0%, alcohol and hotels 10%, tobacco 15%)
Taxation in Panama

 Papua New Guinea
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Papua New Guinea

 Paraguay
10%
8%
10%
10%
Taxation in Paraguay

 Peru[35]
30%
0%
30%
7001180000000000000♠18% (16% VAT + 2% Municipal Promotional Tax) 0–118% ISC Impuesto Selectivo al Consumo (To some products like liquor, cigarettes, etc.)
Taxation in Peru

 Philippines
30%
5%
32%
7001120000000000000♠12% or 7% or 0%
(in some cases, foreign investors are zero-rated)

Taxation in Philippines

 Pitcairn Islands
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Pitcairn Islands

 Poland[36]
19% (15% for SME)[36]
0%
32% (or optional 19% flat rate for self-employed)
7001230000000000000♠23% or 8% or 5%
Taxation in Poland

 Portugal[31]
23%
14.5%
48%
7001230000000000000♠23%, 13%, 6%
Madeira, Açores: 15%, 9%, 4%

Taxation in Portugal

 Puerto Rico
20%[122]
0% (16% Proposed from March 2015)
33.34%
11.5%
Taxation in Puerto Rico

 Qatar[31]
10%
0%
0%
0%
Taxation in Qatar

 Romania
16% (3% revenue for micro-entities[123])
16% (flat tax rate)
16% (+ 5.5% CASS + 10.5% CAS for self-employed )
7001190000000000000♠19% or 9% (food, medicines, books, newspapers, hotel ...), or 4%[35]
Taxation in Romania

 Russia[31]
20%[2]
13% (flat)
13%
(35% for non-residents)
7001180000000000000♠18% or 10% (books, certain items of food, children goods)
Taxation in Russia

 Rwanda
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Rwanda

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Saint Kitts and Nevis

 Saint Lucia
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Saint Lucia

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Saint Pierre and Miquelon

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 Samoa
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Samoa

 San Marino
17%
12%
50%
17% on imported goods. There is no VAT registration inside San Marino.
Taxation in San Marino

 São Tomé and Príncipe
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in São Tomé and Príncipe

 Sark
0%[124]
0%
0% - There are taxes on property and personal capital (max £6,500).
0% - There is no VAT on Sark. Import duty is levied on some goods brought onto the island.
Taxation in Sark

 Saudi Arabia[125]
20%
0% (foreigners)
Zakat 2.5% on capital assets (natives)
0% (foreigners)
Zakat 2.5% on capital assets (natives)
5%
Taxation in Saudi Arabia

 Senegal[35]
25%
0%
50%
7001200000000000000♠20%
Taxation in Senegal

 Serbia[126]
15%[127]
10%
25% (additional contributions for state health, pension and unemployment funds)[128]
20%[129] or 8% or 0%
(reduced rates are for certain goods)

Taxation in Serbia

 Seychelles
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Seychelles

 Sierra Leone
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Sierra Leone

 Singapore
17%[130]
0%
22%
7000700000000000000♠7% (GST)
Taxation in Singapore

 Sint Maarten
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Sint Maarten

 Slovakia
22%[131]
0%
25%[132]
7001200000000000000♠20%[citation needed] 10% on medication and books
Taxation in Slovakia

 Slovenia[31]
19%
16%
50%
7001220000000000000♠22% or 9.5%
Taxation in Slovenia

 Solomon Islands
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Solomon Islands

 Somalia
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Somalia

 South Africa
28%[133]
0%
45%
7001140000000000000♠14%
Taxation in South Africa

 South Sudan
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in South Sudan

 Spain[31]
25%
0% (below €12,000)
45%
21%, 10% & 4%
Taxation in Spain

 Sri Lanka[31]
15% - 30%[32]
0%
15% (If annual income is more than 2.5m LKR)
5000000000000000000♠0% or 8% or 12%
Taxation in Sri Lanka

 Sudan
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Sudan

 Suriname
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Suriname

 Swaziland
27.5%
33%
33%
7001140000000000000♠14%
Taxation in Swaziland

 Sweden
22%[134]
31% (first USD $2,690 pro anno is deductible)
59.7%[135][136]
7001250000000000000♠25% or 12% or 6%[137]
Taxation in Sweden

  Switzerland[35]
17.92%[32]
0%
13.2% (federal)
7000800000000000000♠8.0% or 3.8% or 2.5%
Taxation in Switzerland

 Syria[31]
22%
5%
15%
N/A
Taxation in Syria

 Taiwan[31]
17%[138]
6%
45%
7000500000000000000♠5% VAT
Various rates of Gross receipts tax on a few industries, such as financial services.[139]
Taxation in Taiwan

 Tajikistan
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Tajikistan

 Tanzania
30%
15%
30%
N/A
Taxation in Tanzania

 Thailand
20%
0%
35%
7%
Taxation in Thailand

 Togo
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Togo

 Tokelau
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Tokelau

 Tonga
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Tonga

 Trinidad and Tobago
25%
0%
25%
12.5%
Taxation in Trinidad & Tobago

 Tunisia[35]
30%
0%
35%
7001180000000000000♠18% or 12% or 6%
Taxation in Tunisia

 Turkey[31]
20%
15%
35%
7001180000000000000♠18% or 8%(e.g. clothing) or 1%(certain food)[8]
Taxation in Turkey

 Turkmenistan
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Turkmenistan

 Turks and Caicos Islands
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Turks and Caicos Islands

 Tuvalu
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Tuvalu

 Uganda
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Uganda

 Ukraine[35]
18%
0% (base tax rate 20%)
30% (base tax rate 20%)
20% or 7% or 0%
Taxation in Ukraine

 United Arab Emirates[35]
0%
0%[140]
0%[140]
N/A
Taxation in United Arab Emirates

 United Kingdom[141]
19% [142]
0%, 20%
(personal allowance of £11,000 for people earning less than £100,000 - reduces down to no tax free allowance when income reaches £123,000)[143]

62% on earnings between £100,000-£123,000 (40% higher rate tax + reduction in personal allowance + National Insurance), 45%[144] (on income over £150,000)
7001200000000000000♠20% Standard Rate;
5% Reduced Rate for home energy and renovations;
0% Zero Rate for life necessities - groceries, water, prescription medications, medical equipment and supplies, public transport, children clothing, books and periodicals.[145]
Taxation in the United Kingdom

 United States
35% + 0-12% State/Local[32]
0% (federal) + 0% (state) +
0%-3% (local)
52.9% (max federal + state)
39.6% (federal)[146] +
0 - 13.3% (state)[147]

5000000000000000000♠0%-11.725% (state and local)
Taxation in the United States

 Uruguay[35]
25%
0%
30%
7001220000000000000♠22% (basic) or 11% (minimum) or 0% (extent)
Taxation in Uruguay

 Uzbekistan[35]
8%
7.5%
22%
0–7001200000000000000♠20%
Taxation in Uzbekistan

 Vanuatu
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Vanuatu

 Venezuela[35]
34%
6%
34%
8%–10%/7001120000000000000♠12%
Taxation in Venezuela

 Vietnam[31]
20%
5%
35%[148]
7001100000000000000♠10%
Taxation in Vietnam

 British Virgin Islands
0%[149]
0%
0%
N/A
Taxation in the British Virgin Islands

 U.S. Virgin Islands
50%-500%

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in United States Virgin Islands

 Yemen
20%[150]
10%
15%
2%
Taxation in Yemen

 Zambia
35%
10%
30%
7001175000000000000♠17.5%
Taxation in Zambia

 Zimbabwe
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Taxation in Zimbabwe

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Businesses with annual turnover above A$2 million pay 30%, all other business pay the lower 28.5% rate.
Jump up ^ Includes 2% Medicare levy, plus temporary 2% 'deficit levy' due to expire in 2017.
Jump up ^ While there is no sales tax or GST, the Cayman Islands impose various import duties on goods imported to the island nation.

tag: ol


document_title: This Is Us (season 2)

question_text: when is this is us season 2 episode 11 coming out

text: This Is Us (season 2)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson[1]
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson[1]
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson[1]

Niles Fitch as teenage Randall Pearson[2]
Lonnie Chavis as young Randall Pearson[2]

Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson[1]

Hannah Zeile as teenage Kate Pearson[2]
Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate Pearson[2]

Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson[1]

Logan Shroyer as teenage Kevin Pearson[2]
Parker Bates as young Kevin Pearson[2]

Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson[1]
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon[1]
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill[1][3]
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas[1]
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie[1]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson[2]
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson[2]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Jermel Nakia as young adult William H. "Shakespeare" Hill[4][3]
Lyric Ross as Deja, Randall and Beth's foster child.[5]
Debra Jo Rupp as Linda, a social worker who works with Randall and Beth when they foster Deja.[6]
Caitlin Thompson as Madison, Kate's group's resident thin member, who Kate discovers is bulimic.[7]
Joy Brunson as Shauna, Deja's mother.[8]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Sylvester Stallone as himself, an actor in Kevin's movie.[9]
Sam Anderson as Walter Crowder, the judge in young adult William Hill's case.[4]
Delroy Lindo as Ernest Bradley, the judge in Randall's adoption case.[4]
Kate Burton as Barbara, a psychologist at Kevin's rehab who facilitates his meeting with the family.[10]
Garrett Morris as Lloyd, a resident of William's old apartment building.[11]
Iantha Richardson as adult Tess Pearson, a social worker.[12]
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K), Rebecca's former childbirth obstetrician.[13]
Susan Blakely as Anne, Dr. K's wife.[13]
Pam Grier as G. G., Shauna's grandmother and Deja's great-grandmother.[14]
Dan Lauria as Toby's father[15][16]
Wendie Malick as Toby's mother[16]
Melanie Liburd as Zoe, Beth's cousin[17]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"A Father's Advice"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
2AZC01
12.94[18]

On the Big Three's 37th birthday, Randall wants to adopt a baby, but Beth convinces him they can honor William's legacy by adopting an older child. Kate leaves an audition because all the other women there are thin, but she returns to go through with it. She is rejected because of her inexperience, not her weight; Kate is confident she can work her way up. Toby tells Kevin that he, not Kevin, needs to be Kate's "person." Kevin explains that Kate informed him of their father's death, and being Kate's brother is the only thing he is really good at. In the past, Rebecca takes the Big Three to a movie after her argument with Jack. Rebecca urges Jack to come home; Jack admits his drinking is out of control. Later, the family house has burned and Rebecca, in the car with Jack's possessions in a bag, screams and cries.

20
2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
John Fortenberry
Dan Fogelman & Bekah Brunstetter
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
2AZC02
11.06[19]

Kevin is invited back for the 100th "The Manny" episode. The producers try to embarrass him for how he left the show, but Sophie helps him do it anyway. Randall, Beth, their girls, Rebecca, and Miguel travel across the country to see the live episode. Randall and Beth take a walk during the taping to discuss Randall's worries about fostering an older child who could have major issues. Also during the taping, Kate gets a call for her first gig; however, she does not want her mother to criticize her performance, so Kate asks both Rebecca and Toby not to follow her, but they do anyway. Later, Kate confronts Rebecca about how she has always treated her. Rebecca seeks support from Toby, but he clearly sides with Kate, which wins Rebecca's approval. After the episode taping, Beth learns from Kevin that Randall only risked failure once: in asking her out. Beth reassures Randall they can go through with their plan. In flashbacks, Jack confesses to teenage Kate that he has an alcoholism problem. Jack (when on the wagon before) vented his anger on a punching bag; this time, he lets Rebecca take him to an AA meeting.

21
3
"Déjà Vu"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
2AZC03
11.02[20]

On Kevin's movie set, Kate—excited that Sylvester Stallone is his co-star—bonds with "Sly" and tells him what his films meant to her father, and about his death. After talking with Stallone, Kevin's memories of his dad surface, affecting his performance in a scene. Randall learns that a young girl, Deja, is being brought to his home. Later, when Deja yells at Beth for "stealing" her mom's cigarettes, Randall defends his wife, and Deja shrinks to defend herself from apparent aggression. Randall talks to Deja about the joy he found in having Jack and Rebecca, as well as William. Kevin takes pain medication after his old football knee injury is reinjured during battle scene filming. In flashbacks, when the kids are teenagers, Jack talks about his efforts to rehabilitate from alcoholism; Randall tries to find his birth parents through an ad, and is comforted by Kate and Kevin after a woman claims to be his birth mother for his family's money.

22
4
"Still There"
Ken Olin
Vera Herbert
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
2AZC04
10.65[21]

Randall takes his daughters and Deja bowling, which does not go as expected. Beth offers to help Deja take care of her hair and the two bond. Randall admits to Deja that he has had problems with nervous breakdowns and has taken up running to deal with his anxiety; he invites her to come with him. Kevin undergoes surgery on his injured knee and continues to overuse his pain medication. Kate visits a gynaecologist for an ultrasound, revealing that she is pregnant. In flashbacks, Kate and Kevin contract the chicken pox and their doctor urges Randall to do his best to catch them as well so it will not occur later for him. Rebecca's mother pops in, intent on staying for a while, and her overbearing attitude and the fact that she treats Randall differently than Kate and Kevin leads to Rebecca confronting her and calling her a racist, which Randall overhears. Rebecca's mother takes her words to heart and reaches out to Randall, recognizing for the first time how special he is.

23
5
"Brothers"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Tyler Bensinger
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2AZC05
10.60[22]

Kate and Toby share news of her pregnancy. Kevin, set to be auctioned off by Sophie for a large-scale charity event she is hosting, gets drunk while trying to get a pain medication prescription; he misses the auction, embarrassing Sophie. Randall earns Deja's trust. In the past, when Jack takes 10-year-old Kevin and Randall camping, Rebecca learns that Jack's father is dying. She calls Jack, but he had issues with his father, and he is trying to have Kevin get along with Randall, so Jack says that he will not return. Rebecca reassures Jack's father (who sees his granddaughter, Kate) that Jack is a great father and husband. Kevin finds a notebook where Randall wrote notes of how to keep peace between them, motivating him to be nice to Randall. Later, Jack looks at a picture of him and his brother in the army. During Jack's childhood, he and his never-before-seen brother await their father's return to the car as he gets drunk at a bar.

24
6
"The 20's"
Regina King
Don Roos
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2AZC06
8.43[23]

In flashbacks, with the 10-year-old Big Three, Rebecca takes Randall trick-or-treating, while Jack takes Kate and Kevin to a haunted house. Randall learns about Kyle's death from the neighbors; Rebecca then tells him the facts of his adoption. In other flashbacks, with the Big Three being in their twenties, Kate finds out she is involved with a married man. Kevin, desperate for work as an actor, attempts to steal a role from his roommate and best friend. Meanwhile, Randall and Beth prepare for the arrival of their first daughter. Beth unexpectedly goes into labor after agreeing to help Rebecca get a Facebook account. With no time to get to the hospital, Randall helps Beth through a home delivery. Kate and Kevin commiserate about their deadbeat lives and decide to live together. When Rebecca posts a photo of her granddaughter on Facebook, she gets a message from Miguel, asking how she has been the last 8 years. (Jack's death was sometime before Miguel last saw Rebecca.)

25
7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
Chris Koch
Kay Oyegun
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2AZC07
9.89[24]

Jack and Rebecca prepare to finalize Randall's adoption when Randall is a year old. Their case worker gives a glowing recommendation, but their judge is against interracial adoption. After Rebecca's letter about being Randall's mother, the judge recuses himself; the new judge grants the adoption. Concurrently, William pleads guilty to a drug charge. Although the judge is disappointed because William had a clean record, William claims to be more disappointed, due to the loss of his loved ones and son. The judge visits William in jail, offering to reduce the sentence and get him help, if he stays sober. William keeps this promise for at least 30 years, until hearing his cancer is terminal. As he is about to use, Randall introduces himself as William's biological son. In the present, Randall takes Deja to visit her mother Shauna in prison, but Shauna declines the visit. Randall later talks to Shauna, who intends to take Deja back after her release. He lets Shauna call Deja collect. Kevin's relationship with Sophie deteriorates as he continues abusing pain medication and alcohol. Kate and Toby announce their pregnancy to Kevin, plan to get married at city hall, but then consider a big wedding.

26
8
"Number One"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2AZC08
10.05[25]

In flashbacks, baby Kevin walks first. Teenage Kevin disrespects a Pitt football recruiter, thinking Pitt inferior, so Jack scolds Kevin. As Jack speaks with his sponsor, and recites the serenity prayer, Kevin remains flippant, but Jack apologizes to Kevin. A game injury ends Kevin's football prospects while Jack and Randall are away at a college tour. Jack comes to the hospital and assures Kevin he has other talents, and will find his purpose. Kevin apologizes for his attitude. Jack gives him a pendant, symbolizing "purpose", given to him in Vietnam at a personal low point. Jack says Kevin is his purpose. Present-day Kevin, exhausted by substance abuse, is an honored alumnus at his high school. His football coach introduces him; Kevin imagines Jack giving the speech. Kevin declares himself unworthy of his award. He pantomimes football on the field, giving play-by-play commentary on his failures. He has sex with fellow honoree Charlotte, a doctor, and uses her prescription pad to create a forgery; he quickly leaves a pharmacy after police enter, having left the pendant in Charlotte's house, but she keeps him out. He collapses, begging for help. He visits Randall, who assumes Kevin's desire to talk concerns Kate's miscarriage.

27
9
"Number Two"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg & Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
2AZC09
9.34[26]

In flashbacks, baby Kate walks second. Teenage Kate bonds with the dog, Louie. Kate seems unconcerned with college applications; Rebecca is pleased to discover Kate's application for Berklee. At Kevin's game, Kate accepts Rebecca's praise just as Kevin is injured. At the hospital, Kate admits she feared disappointing Rebecca; Rebecca acknowledges their emotional distance, but is ready to support Kate when needed. Kate watches her parents embrace. Present-day Kate talks to her unborn baby; she and Toby focus on her prenatal care, but she miscarries. Kate leaves a singing gig, overcome at seeing a family; she loads a buffet plate but leaves it untouched. Toby works frantically to avert the delivery of a baby bath. At home, Kate blames Toby for getting her excited about the baby; she tells Toby that the miscarriage didn't happen to him, but he asserts that he shares their loss. Rebecca arrives and Kate accepts her support. Kate admits feeling she hurt Toby by miscarrying; Rebecca shares that concealing from Jack her grief over triplet Kyle's death led her to a breakdown in a supermarket after six weeks. Kate tells Toby how she feels, and they agree to try again soon; they reaffirm their love.

28
10
"Number Three"
Ken Olin
Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
2AZC10
10.94[27]

In flashbacks, baby Randall walks third. Jack expects teenage Randall to attend Harvard, but lets Randall tour Howard. Jack takes the official tour; a friend shows Randall around. Randall tells Jack that others' reactions make him feel "off-balance" as the only black family member. Jack shows Randall the Vietnam Veterans Memorial; Jack felt off-balance when he returned from the war. Jack believes Randall will find balance and be "spectacular". They return to Pittsburgh for hospitalized Kevin; Jack admits monitoring all three children is difficult. In the present, the charges against Deja's mother Shauna are dropped; Randall and Beth consider fighting for custody. Randall recalls William's account of following Rebecca home after her second visit; he realized Randall had a full life without him, and left. Randall observes Shauna preparing for Deja's homecoming, and realizes Deja's home is with Shauna; Beth agrees. They attend Deja's school presentation. Shauna takes Deja home; Randall offers help. Randall and Beth agree to foster again; a young boy meets with his social worker. Kevin arrives, but leaves quickly after drinking vodka. Kevin is speeding—Tess, hidden in his backseat because she "hates" home, admonishes him; Kevin is arrested for DUI; Tess is safe.

29
11
"The Fifth Wheel"
Chris Koch
Vera Herbert
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
2AZC11
9.65[28]

When the kids are 10, Jack takes the family to a cabin vacation, getting Kevin after football camp. Randall's new glasses are missing. Rebecca notices Kate's food obsession; Jack has her exercise, but takes her for ice cream. During a thunderstorm, Kevin brings Randall's glasses to their parents' room—where Kate and Randall are sleeping. He sleeps on the floor. Present-day Toby finds junk-food trash. Tess tells her parents she was sad when Deja had to leave. The family visits Kevin at rehab; Barbara, the facilitator, wants only immediate family at Kevin's first session. Kevin apologizes to the family, but Barbara has him discuss family issues. Kevin says they are a family of addicts. Kevin felt like an outcast ("fifth wheel"): Kate had Jack's support; Rebecca loved Randall more than Kevin. Randall scolds Kevin; Rebecca, crying, says why Randall was easier to love. Toby, Beth, and Miguel, at a bar, discuss being outsiders, Miguel the only one who knew Jack. After the session, the Big Three reconcile. Kate admits to Toby about hiding junk food since miscarrying. Rebecca tells Kevin why she never worried about him, but they had their moments. (In the flashback, Rebecca joins Kevin on the floor.)

30
12
"Clooney"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
2AZC12
9.82[29]

Jack and Rebecca take the teenage Big Three shopping for suits and dresses for the winter formal and Jack's job. Randall asks a redhead girl out. Though the teenagers are almost starting college, Jack again wants to start "Big Three Homes" (which he put aside to support his family). Presently, William's stray cat "Clooney" wanders. After rehab, Kevin stays with Rebecca—whom Miguel is protecting, since Kevin upset her by getting arrested and criticizing her at rehab. Miguel later tells Kevin that Jack and Rebecca were a unified couple, not individuals; he did not love Rebecca while Jack was alive, but does now and is staying. Kate befriends Madison from support group; they go wedding dress shopping; Kate discovers Madison's bulimia. Madison later faints and calls Kate for help. Kate says losing weight as a teenager did not make her happy. Randall visits Beth at work; she says working again would help him. Randall gets William's box from storage, searches for a lady about whom William wrote and drew, and discovers from a picture it was Billie Holiday. Randall tells Beth he wants to buy and manage the run-down building with her. In the flashback, they forget smoke detector batteries.

31
13
"That'll Be the Day"
Uta Briesewitz
Kay Oyegun & Don Roos
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
2AZC13
9.37[30]

Around 1980, an elderly couple look through their junk, including a jukebox which would play "That'll Be the Day". When their house gets a buyer, the man gives his neighbor, Jack, a slow cooker with a tricky switch. In 1998, Jack and Rebecca watch the Super Bowl alone as the teenagers are otherwise occupied—Kevin is with Sophie, Randall is on a date, and Kate is making a music college audition tape (which Jack videotapes, to Kate's initial disapproval). Presently, Randall and Beth buy William's old building. Kevin helps Randall do repairs; they soon find themselves overwhelmed—and bugs, so the building is vacated when an exterminator is called. When Toby looks for a dog on the internet, Kate—with mixed feelings—adopts a dog. Kevin tries to make amends to Sophie, receives his missing pendant in the mail—and knows that he cannot make amends to his dad. In 1998, the old slow cooker's faulty switch causes a house fire.

32
14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 4, 2018 (2018-02-04)
2AZC14
26.97[31]

In 1998, Jack evacuates the family (Kevin is away) from the burning house, then retrieves Kate's dog and family mementos. Jack, hospitalized for smoke inhalation, dies suddenly of cardiac arrest, to Rebecca’s shock. She tells Miguel, Randall, and Kate; Kate tells Kevin. On the 20th anniversary of Jack's death, Kate's VCR damages her audition tape Jack recorded—and saved from the fire—which she watches cathartically, blaming herself. Toby gets the tape repaired and digitized. Kate tells Toby he strengthens her, and Jack would have loved him. Kevin visits Jack's memorial tree, admitting not living up to Jack's legacy, but wanting to make him proud. Rebecca makes Jack's favorite lasagna, and bonds with Kevin. Randall holds a Super Bowl party to commemorate Jack, but is emotional when the family's new pet lizard dies. Tess admits trying to prevent social workers from calling, fearing recent changes mean Randall wants a "new life". He reassures her he will always be devoted to her; she is happy the family participates in fostering. Deja unexpectedly arrives; Randall and Beth comfort her. The boy seen earlier is placed with a couple; the social worker is adult Tess, whom older Randall meets for dinner.

33
15
"The Car"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
2AZC15
10.13[32]

Jack buys a costly Wagoneer because his young children love it. The Pearsons, going to see "Weird Al" Yankovic, slowly cross a bridge Rebecca fears. Jack drives Rebecca, awaiting MRI results, to his "favorite tree” (nearest a pay phone); Rebecca is fine, as Jack anticipated. Jack predicts he will die first; he asks to be outside, not buried. The brothers fight during Randall's driving lesson; Jack exhorts them to be close like him and his brother, who died in Vietnam. Jack drives truant Kate to Alanis Morissette's autograph session; they compare Morrissette with Bruce Springsteen. Rebecca drives the teenagers to Jack's funeral, stalking the urn because she was not in Jack's room when he died. Dr. K—married to Anne—attends; he tells Rebecca Jack often sought his advice and she has always been strong. Kate decides to give away her dog; Rebecca affirms that Jack's death is not Kate's fault—Jack made his own decisions. The brothers bicker over manly duties; Rebecca tells them to remain teenagers; they make peace. The Pearsons scatter Jack's ashes at the tree; Kate keeps some. Jack had purchased Springsteen tickets for that night; Rebecca drives the family to the concert—crossing the bridge.

34
16
"Vegas, Baby"
Joanna Kerns
Laura Kenar
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
2AZC16
9.74[33]

Jack and Rebecca celebrate their early wedding anniversaries—she, with small thoughtful gifts; he, with grand romantic gestures. The children, age 10, plan a romantic anniversary celebration (despite Rebecca's desire not to celebrate), including an attempted dinner, and culminating in observing a meteor shower. Rebecca decides they should always celebrate their anniversary. Presently, Toby and Kate hold their bachelor and bachelorette parties in Las Vegas. Kevin, Randall, Beth, and others attend; Toby has no close male friends, and Kate and Beth are not close. Kevin maintains his sobriety, despite struggling when learning his film scenes may have been cut. Weeks after providing Deja money for Shauna's utility bill, Randall worries about Deja; Beth wants to move on; they argue. Kate tries to mediate, revealing she feels Beth replaced her in Randall's life; Kate explains she was closest to Randall during part of their youth; Beth admits her love for absent Deja hurts. Toby supports Kevin and Randall, saying his own brother never desired a close relationship. Ron Howard tells Kevin his great work is still in the movie. When returning home, Beth decides she and Randall should visit Deja; they find her and Shauna living in a car.

35
17
"This Big, Amazing, Beautiful Life"
Rebecca Asher
Kay Oyegun
March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
2AZC17
8.90[34]

Flashbacks show other characters' experiences paralleling Deja's. 16-year-old Shauna gives birth to Deja; Shauna's grandmother "G. G." urges Shauna towards accountability. Three years later, G. G. financially supports Shauna. G. G. dies; Shauna depends on Deja. Teenaged Deja injures herself cooking Shauna's birthday dinner; Linda removes Deja from her home. Stress drives Shauna to drug use and Deja stays in the foster system. Deja and her foster sister Raven, after shoplifting, are removed from a physically abusive foster father's home; Raven was willing to endure minor abuse for stability. Deja returns to Shauna; Shauna's mooching boyfriend Lonzo brings a gun into the home; Deja's alopecia begins amid the adults' fighting. The gun is found in Shauna's car; Deja lives with the Pearsons, returning to Shauna after the charges are dropped. Shauna breaks up with Lonzo but spends her and Deja's savings to bail him out of jail; Deja attempts to raise money, but decides not to pawn G. G.'s brooch; Shauna and Deja are evicted for unpaid rent. Randall and Beth take in Shauna and Deja. Deja concludes that the human experience is universal. Shauna believes she deprived Deja of a childhood; she decides to leave Deja with the Pearsons.

36
18
"The Wedding"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
2AZC18
10.94[35]

As Kate's wedding approaches; she dreams of Jack and Rebecca renewing their vows on their 40th wedding anniversary; Toby is not in the dream. After unsuccessfully seeking "something old" connected to Jack, Kate makes room in her heart for Toby by resolving her grief over Jack; she scatters the remainder of Jack's ashes near the Pearson cabin. Kate tells Rebecca she admires her. Toby's divorced parents disapprove of the marriage, fearing a relapse of the depression Toby suffered after his first marriage; Toby demands they celebrate the wedding or leave; they stay to celebrate. Kate and Toby marry; Jack once told Kate she would someday marry a man better than himself. Kevin allows himself to grieve over Jack. Deja is surly after Shauna requested termination of parental rights; Beth's cousin Zoe, the wedding photographer, consoles Deja by sharing how she accepted Beth's family’s love after her own mother abandoned her. However, after Toby's mother says Deja resembles Randall, Deja vandalizes Randall's car. In the future, Kevin (contemplating Jack and Nicky’s Vietnam War picture) and Zoe fly to Vietnam together; Kate nurses a cripplingly depressed Toby. Further in the future, Randall and adult Tess feel unprepared to see an unshown female.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes.[36] Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger served as the season's showrunners.[37]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, and Ron Cephas Jones returned from the first season as Jack Pearson, Rebecca Pearson, Randall Pearson, Kate Pearson, Kevin Pearson, Beth Pearson, Toby Damon, and William H. Hill, respectively.[1] Jon Huertas and Alexandra Breckenridge, who recurred as Miguel and Sophie, respectively, throughout the first season, were subsequently promoted to the principal cast in the second season.[1] Also promoted to series regulars are young actors Hannah Zeile as teenage Kate, Niles Fitch as teenage Randall, Logan Shroyer as teenage Kevin, Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate, Parker Bates as young Kevin, Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson, and Eris Baker as Tess Pearson. Lonnie Chavis began the season continuing as young Randall in a recurring role, but was ultimately promoted to series regular.[2][not in citation given]

text: In August 2017, Sylvester Stallone and Debra Jo Rupp were cast in guest starring roles.[9][6]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The show was awarded over $9.9 million in tax incentives by the California Film Commission for its second season.[38] Production on the season began on July 11, 2017, in Los Angeles.[39]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The second season was originally set to move to a Thursday timeslot, to anchor a new Must See TV lineup, alongside Will & Grace, Great News and Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, with NBC chairman Bob Greenblatt explaining, "While this is a bit risky, there is a bigger case to be made about redoing Thursday night. If there is one show we could move, it would be this one."[40] However, on May 30, 2017, NBC decided to keep the series on Tuesdays at 9 pm EST,[41] allowing it a run of 10 uninterrupted original episodes in the fall.[42]

text: The season aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC in the United States,[43] and on CTV in Canada.[44] This Is Us served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.[45]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.09/10, and an average episode score of 95%, based on 20 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "This is Us continues to tug at heartstrings with an emotional exploration of family that ensures viewers will want to keep the tissues close -- and their loved ones closer."[46]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"A Father's Advice"
September 26, 2017
3.9/13
12.94[18]
2.6
6.93
6.5
19.87[47]

2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
October 3, 2017
3.1/11
11.06[19]
2.4
6.15
5.5
17.21[48]

3
"Déjà Vu"
October 10, 2017
2.8/10
11.02[20]
2.2
6.11
5.0
17.13[49]

4
"Still There"
October 17, 2017
2.9/10
10.65[21]
2.3
6.32
5.2
16.97[50]

5
"Brothers"
October 24, 2017
2.8/10
10.60[22]
2.2
6.09
5.0
16.69[51]

6
"The 20's"
October 31, 2017
2.0/7
8.43[23]
2.4
6.50
4.4
14.94[52]

7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
November 7, 2017
2.5/9
9.89[24]
2.3
6.28
4.8
16.17[53]

8
"Number One"
November 14, 2017
2.6/9
10.05[25]
2.2
6.10
4.8
16.15[54]

9
"Number Two"
November 21, 2017
2.5/9
9.34[26]
2.0
5.71
4.5
15.05[55]

10
"Number Three"
November 28, 2017
2.8/10
10.94[27]
2.0
5.65
4.8
16.60[56]

11
"The Fifth Wheel"
January 9, 2018
2.7/9
9.65[28]
2.3
6.34
5.0
15.99[57]

12
"Clooney"
January 16, 2018
2.5/9
9.82[29]
2.5
6.35
5.0
16.18[58]

13
"That'll Be the Day"
January 23, 2018
2.5/9
9.37[30]
2.6
7.10
5.2
16.58[59]

14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
February 4, 2018
9.3/32
26.97[31]
2.3
6.44
11.6
33.40[60]

15
"The Car"
February 6, 2018
2.7/10
10.13[32]
2.2
6.03
4.9
16.16[61]

16
"Vegas, Baby"
February 27, 2018
2.5/9
9.74[33]
2.0
5.65
4.5
15.39[62]

17
"This Big, Amazing, Beautiful Life"
March 6, 2018
2.3/8
8.90[34]
2.3
6.57
4.6
15.67[63]

18
"The Wedding"
March 13, 2018
2.8/10
10.94[35]
2.1
6.13
4.9
17.07[64]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[65]

Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Susan Kelechi Watson
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series
Vera Herbert for "Still There"
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated


document_title: History of the FIFA World Cup

question_text: when did world cup expand to 32 teams

question_tokens: when did world cup expand to 32 teams

text: History of the FIFA World Cup

text: International football before 1930[edit]

text: The first official international football match was played in 1872 in Glasgow between Scotland and England,[1] although at this stage the sport was rarely played outside Great Britain.

text: By the twentieth century football had gained ground all around the world and national football associations were being founded. The first official international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902.[2] The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in Paris on 22 May 1904 – comprising football associations from France, Belgium (the preceding two teams having played their first national against each other earlier in the month), Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, with Germany pledging to join.[3]

text: As football began to increase in popularity, it was contested as an IOC-recognised Olympic sport at the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics, as well as at the 1906 Intercalated Games, before becoming an official FIFA-supervised Olympic competition at the 1908 Summer Olympics.[4] Organised by England's Football Association, the event was for amateur players only and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition. The England national amateur football team won the event in both 1908 and 1912.

text: There was an attempt made by FIFA to organize an international football tournament between nations outside of the Olympic framework in 1906 and this took place in Switzerland. These were very early days for international football and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure.

text: With the Olympic event continuing to be contested only between amateur teams, competitions involving professional teams also started to appear. The Torneo Internazionale Stampa Sportiva, held in Turin in 1908, was one of the first and the following year; Sir Thomas Lipton organised the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, also held in Turin. Both tournaments were contested between individual clubs (not national teams), each one of which represented an entire nation. For this reason, neither was really a direct forerunner of the World Cup, but notwithstanding that, the Thomas Lipton Trophy is sometimes described as The First World Cup,[5] at the expense of its less well-known Italian predecessor.

text: In 1914, FIFA agreed to recognise the Olympic tournament as a "world football championship for amateurs",[6] and took responsibility for organising the event. This led the way for the world's first intercontinental football competition, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, won by Belgium.[7] Uruguay won the tournaments in 1924 and 1928.

text: In 1928, FIFA made the decision to stage their own international tournament. The 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, did not plan to include football as part of the programme due to the low popularity of the sport in the United States. FIFA and the IOC also disagreed over the status of amateur players, and so football was dropped from the Games.[8] FIFA president Jules Rimet thus set about organizing the inaugural World Cup tournament. With Uruguay now two-time official world champions and due to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host country. The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a long and costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. No European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition.[citation needed] Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, Hungary and Yugoslavia to make the trip.[9] In total, 13 nations took part – seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America.

text: The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously, and were won by France and the United States, who beat Mexico 4–1 and Belgium 3–0, respectively. The first goal in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France. Four days later, the first World Cup hat-trick was achieved by Bert Patenaude of the U.S. in the Americans' 3–0 win against Paraguay. In the final, Uruguay defeated Argentina 4–2 in front of a crowd of 93,000 people in Montevideo to become the first nation to win a World Cup.[10]

text: The 1934 World Cup was hosted by Italy and was the first World Cup to include a qualification stage. Sixteen teams qualified for the tournament, a number which would be retained until the expansion of the finals tournament in 1982. Uruguay, the titleholders from 1930, still upset about the poor European attendance at their World Cup in 1930, boycotted the 1934 World Cup. Bolivia and Paraguay were also absent, allowing Argentina and Brazil to progress to the finals in Italy without having to play any qualifying matches. Egypt became the first African team to compete, but lost to Hungary in the first round. Italy won the tournament, becoming the first European team to do so.

text: The 1938 World Cup competition was also held in Europe (in France), much to the consternation of many South Americans, with Uruguay and Argentina boycotting. For the first time, the title holders and the host country were given automatic qualification.  Following a play-off match against Latvia, Austria had officially qualified for the final round, but because of the Anschluss in April 1938 with Germany, the Austrian national team withdrew, with some Austrian players being added to the German squad (the combined German squad would be eliminated in the first round for the first time in the World Cup's history, with the second time happening eighty years later during the 2018 tournament). Austria's place was offered to England, but they declined. This left the finals with 15 nations competing. France hosted, but for the first time the hosts did not win the competition, as Italy retained their title, beating Hungary in the final. Polish striker Ernest Willimowski became the first player to score four goals in a World Cup game during Poland's 6–5 loss against Brazil; his record was later equalled by other players, but was bettered only 56 years later in the 1994 World Cup.

text: Cancellations due to World War II[edit]

text: The FIFA World Cup was planned to take place in 1942. Germany officially applied to host the 1942 FIFA World Cup at the 23rd FIFA Congress on 13 August 1936 in Berlin. In June 1939, Brazil also applied to host the tournament. The beginning of European hostilities in late 1939 prompted further plans for the 1942 World Cup to be cancelled, before a host country was selected. The FIFA tournament did not take place.

text: During World War II, FIFA struggled to keep itself afloat, and it had no financial or personnel resources with which to plan a peacetime tournament for when hostilities ended.[11] When the war ended in 1945, it was clear that FIFA would have no hope in a single year of planning and scheduling a 1946 World Cup. In fact, FIFA’s first meeting was on July 1, 1946 – around the time the 1946 World Cup would ordinarily have been played – and when it planned the next World Cup for 1949 no country would host it.[12] The major international tournament in 1946 was the 1946 South American Championship in which Argentina beat Brazil 2–0 on February 10, 1946.

text: Competitions resumed with the 1950 World Cup in Brazil, which was the first to include British participants. British teams withdrew from FIFA in 1920, partly out of unwillingness to play against the countries they had been at war with, and partly as a protest against a foreign influence to football,[13] but rejoined in 1946 following FIFA's invitation. England's involvement, however, was not to be a success. The English failed to make the final group round in a campaign that included a surprise 1–0 loss to the United States.[14]

text: The tournament also saw the return of 1930 champions Uruguay, who had boycotted the previous two World Cups. For political reasons, Eastern European countries (such as Hungary, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia) did not enter. Title-holder Italy did take part, despite the Superga air disaster of 1949 in which the entire Grande Torino team (many who were national team players) were killed. The 1950 World Cup was the only tournament not to stage a final tie, replacing knockout rounds with two group phases. The last match of the second group phase, however, is sometimes referred to as a "final", as the group standings meant the winners would be the overall winners.

text: Uruguay were surprise victors over hosts Brazil with a final score of 2–1 (the game would later be known as Maracanazo), and became champions for the second time.  This game also held the record for the highest attendance at any sporting match, at roughly 200,000.[15]

text: The 1954 World Cup, held in Switzerland, was the first to be televised. The Soviet Union did not participate because of their dismal performance at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Scotland made their first appearance in the tournament, but were unable to register a win, going out after the group stage. This tournament set a number of all-time goal-scoring records, including highest average goals per game and highest-scoring team (Hungary), and most goals in a single match (Austria's 7–5 quarter-final victory over Switzerland). West Germany were the tournament winners, defeating Olympic champions Hungary 3–2 in the final, overturning a 2–0 deficit in the process, with Helmut Rahn scoring the winner. The match is known as the Miracle of Bern in Germany

text: Brazil won the 1958 World Cup, held in Sweden, and became the first team to win a World Cup outside their home continent (only four teams have done this to date – Brazil in 1958, 1970, 1994 and 2002, Argentina in 1986, Spain in 2010 and Germany in 2014). The Soviet Union participated this time, most likely due to their win at Melbourne 1956. For the first (and so far only) time, all four British teams qualified for the final round. Wales was able to take advantage of a situation in the Africa/Asia zone, where the number of withdrawals would give Israel qualification without having played a single qualifying match. This prompted FIFA to rule that qualification without playing was not allowed (despite allowing this to happen in earlier years of the Cup), and so Israel were ordered to play against one of the teams finishing second in the other groups. A tie was created, and Wales defeated Israel 2–0 twice in 1958. It was the first (and so far the only) time that a country played a World Cup final round after having been eliminated in the regular qualifiers. The tournament also saw the emergence of Pelé, who scored two goals in the final. French striker Just Fontaine became the top scorer of the tournament.

text: Chile hosted the 1962 World Cup. Two years before the tournament, an earthquake struck, the largest ever recorded at 9.5 magnitude, prompting officials to rebuild due to major damage to infrastructure. When the competition began, two of the best players were in poor form as Pelé was injured in Brazil's second group match against Czechoslovakia. Also, the Soviet Union saw their goalkeeper Lev Yashin show poor form including a 2–1 loss to hosts Chile as the hosts captured third place.

text: The competition was also marred by overly defensive and often violent tactics. This poisonous atmosphere culminated in what was known as the Battle of Santiago first round match between Italy and Chile in which Chile won 2–0. Prior to the match, two Italian journalists wrote unflattering articles about the host country. In the match, players on both sides made deliberate attempts to harm opponents though only two players from Italy were sent off by English referee Ken Aston. In the end, the Italian team needed police protection to leave the field in safety.

text: When the final whistle blew, Brazil beat Czechoslovakia for the second World Cup in a row by a final of 3–1 led by Garrincha and Amarildo, in Pelé's absence, and retained the Jules Rimet trophy.

text: Colombia's Marcos Coll made World Cup history when he scored a goal direct from a corner kick (called an Olympic Goal in Latin America), the only one ever made in a World Cup, past legendary Soviet goalkeeper Lev Yashin.

text: The 1966 World Cup, hosted by England, was the first to embrace marketing, featuring a mascot and official logo for the first time. The trophy was stolen in the run-up to the tournament but was found a week later by a dog named "Pickles".[16] South Africa was banned for violating the anti-discrimination charter (apartheid). The ban remained in effect until 1992 when the South Africa Football Association was finally accepted by FIFA. The qualifying rounds of the tournament saw a controversy when the African nations decided to withdraw in protest of only one qualifying place allocated by FIFA to the regions of Asia, Oceania and Africa. The eventual qualifiers from the zone, North Korea, became the first Asian team to reach the quarter-finals, eliminating Italy in the process. England won the tournament, although João Havelange (former FIFA president from 1974 to 1998) claimed that the 1966 and 1974 World Cups were fixed so that England and Germany would win respectively.[17] Geoff Hurst became the first and to this day the only player to score a hat-trick in a World Cup Final and Eusébio, whose team Portugal were taking part in their first World Cup, was the tournament top-scorer, with nine goals to his name.

text: The qualification stages of the 1970 World Cup were coincidental with the Football War between Honduras and El Salvador. The finals were held in Mexico. Israel had been with Europe, but due to political issues, it was becoming harder to place them adequately in the qualifying rounds. They were grouped in Asia/Oceania. Korea DPR then refused to meet them, even though this meant automatic disqualification. The group stage clash between defending champions England and Brazil lived up to its billing, and is still remembered for England goalkeeper Gordon Banks' save from a Pelé header on the six-yard line, arguably the best save ever. The tournament is also remembered for the semi-final match between Italy and West Germany, in which five goals were scored in extra time, and Franz Beckenbauer played with a broken arm, since Germany had used up all their allowed substitutions. Italy were the eventual 4–3 winners, but were defeated 1–4 in the final by Brazil, who became the first nation to win three World Cups, and were awarded the Jules Rimet trophy permanently for their achievement.

text: A new trophy was created for the 1974 edition, held in West Germany. After a draw in their first UEFA/CONMEBOL Intercontinental play-off match against Chile in the qualifiers, the Soviet Union refused to travel to the Chilean capital for the return fixture for political reasons, and in accordance with the regulations, Chile were awarded a victory. East Germany, Haiti, Australia and Zaire made their first finals. The tournament also saw a new format, where the two top teams from each of the earlier four groups were divided into two groups of four each again, the winner of either group playing each other in the final. The West German hosts won the competition by beating the Netherlands 2–1 in the final, but it was also the revolutionary Total Football system of the Dutch that captured the footballing world's imagination. The very well-playing Poland finished third, after defeating Brazil 1–0 (and after defeating Argentina 3–2 and eliminating Italy 2–1 in the initial group play), having barely lost in terrible rain in the semi-finals to West Germany 0–1.

text: The 1978 World Cup was held in Argentina, causing controversy as a military coup had taken place in the country two years earlier. Allegations that Dutch star Johan Cruyff refused to participate because of political convictions were refuted by him 30 years later.[18] and none of the teams decided to stay away.

text: This was the hardest ever World Cup finals to qualify for. With 95 teams vying for 14 places (the holders and hosts qualified automatically), there were nearly seven countries competing for each place in Argentina. Hungary won their European group but had to win a play-off against Bolivia to qualify, while England were eliminated despite winning five of their six qualifying matches.

text: Iran and Tunisia were first time participants. Tunisia won their first match against Mexico 3–1 and became the first African team to ever win a world cup game. There was some on-field controversy as well. During the second round, Argentina had an advantage in their match against Peru since the kick off was several hours after Brazil's match with Poland. Brazil won their match 3–1, so Argentina knew that they had to beat Peru by four goals to advance to the final. Trailing 2–0 at half-time, Peru simply collapsed in the second half, and Argentina eventually won 6–0. Rumors suggested that Peru might have been bribed into allowing Argentina to win the match by such a large margin. Argentina went on to win the final 3–1, Mario Kempes scoring twice, with the Dutch being runners-up for the second time in a row.

text: Spain hosted an expanded 1982 World Cup which featured 24 teams, the first expansion since 1934. The teams were divided into six groups of four, with the top two teams in each group advancing to the second round, where they split into four groups of three. The winners of each group advanced to the semi-finals. Cameroon, Algeria, Honduras, New Zealand and Kuwait were the debutants. The group match between Kuwait and France was stage of a farcical incident. As the French were leading 3–1, the Kuwaiti team stopped playing after hearing a whistle from the stands which they thought had come from referee, as French defender Maxime Bossis scored. As the Kuwaiti team were protesting the goal, Sheikh Fahid Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, president of the Kuwait Football Association, rushed onto the pitch and gave the referee a piece of his mind, who proceeded to disallow the goal. Bossis scored another valid goal a few minutes later and France won 4–1.

text: Also during the group stages, Hungary beat El Salvador 10–1, which has been the only occasion to this day that a team scored ten goals in a World Cup match. The group match between West Germany and Austria later resulted in a change of World Cup rules, after both teams visibly aimed to keep the qualification ensuring 1–0 scoreline over 80 minutes. The semi-final between West Germany and France saw another controversy when German keeper Harald Schumacher's challenge took out Patrick Battiston, with the score at 1–1. Schumacher escaped a red card, and Germany won in a penalty shoot-out, after coming back to level from having gone 1–3 down. The final was won by Italy, making Italian captain Dino Zoff the oldest player to win the World Cup. Italian striker Paolo Rossi, who was making his comeback after a match-fixing scandal and the ensuing ban, was the tournament top-scorer with six goals including a classic hat-trick against Brazil.

text: Mexico became the first nation to hold two World Cups by hosting the 1986 World Cup. The format changed again, with the second round being replaced by a pre-quarterfinal, knockout competition, for which 16 teams would qualify. It was also decided that the final two matches in all groups would kick off simultaneously, to ensure complete fairness. Canada, Denmark and Iraq made their first finals. José Batista of Uruguay set a World Cup record being sent off after a mere 56 seconds into the game against Scotland. The quarterfinal match between England and Argentina is remembered for two remarkable Diego Maradona goals, later regarded as player of the tournament, the first, the controversial handball goal, and the second, considered to be the Goal of the Century, in which he dribbled half the length of the field past five English players before scoring. In the final, Argentina beat West Germany 3–2, inspired by Diego Maradona, who set up Jorge Burruchaga for the winner.

text: The 1990 World Cup was held in Italy. Cameroon, participating in their second World Cup, made it to the quarter-finals after beating Argentina in the opening game. No African country had ever reached the quarter-finals before. Mexico was unable to compete in the 1990 World Cup preliminary competition as a result of a two-year ban for age fraud at a youth championship; the United States qualified for the first time since 1950. An unpleasant episode marred the Merica preliminaries: during the match between Brazil and Chile, a firework landed close to the Chilean goalkeeper Roberto Rojas, who then feigned injury by cutting his own face with a razor blade he had hidden in his glove. His team refused to continue the match (as they were down a goal at the time). The plot was discovered and resulted in a 12-year suspension for Rojas and to Chile being banned from the 1994 World Cup. The final featured the same teams as in 1986. After finishing runners-up in the two previous tournaments, West Germany beat Argentina 1–0 in the final to record their third title. The Republic of Ireland also made their first appearance in the tournament, reaching the quarter-finals without winning a single game (four draws, with a penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the second round). This is the furthest a team has ever advanced in the World Cup without winning a game.

text: The 1994 World Cup, held in the United States, saw the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties, with Brazil edging out Italy. FR Yugoslavia was excluded due to UN sanctions in connection with the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Russia (taking the place of the Soviet Union which had disintegrated over 1990 and 1991) played their first World Cup competition as a new country, with Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia as the other first-timers. Diego Maradona was banned mid-tournament after testing positive for recreational drugs: without him, Argentina were eliminated in the last 16 by Romania. Colombian defender Andrés Escobar was murdered ten days after scoring an own-goal against the hosts in a first-round match that eliminated Colombia.

text: The total attendance for the tournament of nearly 3.6 million remains the biggest in World Cup history. Oleg Salenko of Russia became the first player to score five goals in a single World Cup finals game in his country's 6–1 group stage win over Cameroon. In the same match, 42-year-old Roger Milla scored the only goal for Cameroon, becoming the oldest player ever to score in a World Cup match. Hristo Stoichkov shared the Golden Boot as the joint top goal scorer in the tournament with Oleg Salenko (six goals), as well as earning the Bronze Ball award. He led Bulgaria to a shock 2-1 win over defending champions Germany in the quarter-finals, before losing 2–1 to Italy and losing the third place play-off to Sweden, 4–0.

text: The 1998 World Cup was held in France, and had an expanded format featuring 32 teams. Iran beat the Maldives in qualification by the widest margin in World Cup history – 17–0. In the finals, the second round match between France and Paraguay witnessed the first golden goal in World Cup history, as Laurent Blanc scored to give the hosts a 1–0 victory. Hosts France won the tournament by beating Brazil 3–0 in the final, as the scorer of four goals in the tournament, Ronaldo, appeared to be less than a hundred percent in the match, and was unable to make any impact. Debutants Croatia finished a commendable third.

text: The 2002 World Cup was the first to be held in Asia, and was hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan. Togolese Souleymane Mamam became the youngest player ever to take to a World Cup preliminary game field at 13 years, 310 days in Lomé in May 2001. Australia defeated American Samoa 31–0 in a preliminary match – a new record for the margin of victory, and the highest-scoring match ever. The tournament was a successful one for teams traditionally regarded as minnows, with South Korea, Senegal and the United States all reaching the last eight. Brazil beat Germany 2–0 in the final for their fifth title. Turkey’s, Hakan Sukur made history by scoring the earliest World Cup goal of all time against South Korea at only 11 seconds.

text: The 2006 World Cup was held in Germany. It was the first World Cup for which the previous winner had to qualify; the host nation(s) continue to receive an automatic berth. Four African teams also made their debut in the world cup finals: Togo, Ivory Coast, Angola and Ghana who impressively made it to last 16 by beating the Czech Republic, third ranked in the world, 2–1, along with the United States 2–0, before losing to the defending champions Brazil 0–3.

text: First seed and holders Brazil and second seeded England were initially English bookmakers' favourites. A strong performance by Germany brought them as far as the semi-finals. However, the final match-up was between Italy and France, in which French captain Zinedine Zidane was sent off in the last ten minutes of extra time for a headbutt to the chest of Italian central defender Marco Materazzi. Italy went on to win 5–3 in a penalty shootout, the score having been 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time.

text: The 2010 World Cup was held in South Africa. It was the first cup hosted on African soil, and the cup was won by Spain. The tournament was noted for its highly defensive opening matches, controversies surrounding goal-line technology, and the introduction of vuvuzelas. Though considered as one of the tournament favorites, the Spaniards won the cup despite scoring only eight goals in seven games and losing their opening match to Switzerland. David Villa led the squad in scoring with five goals. In a final which saw a record number of yellow cards distributed and what some considered violent play from the Dutch side, the ten-man Netherlands squad were defeated 1–0 in the 116th minute of extra time by an Andrés Iniesta goal.

text: The 2014 World Cup was held in Brazil, marking the second time that Brazil hosted the competition. The cup was won by Germany, who beat Argentina 1-0 in the final. The Netherlands defeated Brazil 3–0 in the bronze medal game.

text: Because of the relatively high ambient temperatures in Brazil, particularly at the northern venues, cooling breaks for the players were first introduced during these games.[19]

text: The 2018 World Cup was held in Russia. It was the first cup to be held in Eastern Europe. The cup was won by France, who beat Croatia 4–2 in the final. Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the bronze medal game. It was also the first cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.Croatian player Luka Modric won the golden ball while the best young player award was won by the 18 year old French player Kilian Mbappe. Harry Kane of England was the golden boot winner.

text: Format of each final tournament[edit]

text: The number of teams and the format of each final tournament have varied considerably over the years. In most tournaments, the tournament consists of a round-robin group stage followed by a single-elimination knockout stage.[20]

text:
1930: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 4 teams (group winners; note that no third-place match was played)
1934–1938: Single-elimination tournament; these are the only tournaments without a group stage
1950: A first group stage, followed by a final group stage with 4 teams (group winners); this is the only tournament without an official final match
1954–1970: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 8 teams (group winners and runners-up)
1974–1978: A first group stage, followed by a second group stage with 8 teams (first round group winners and runners-up), followed by the final (second round group winners; second round group runners-up played in the third-place match)
1982: A first group stage, followed by a second group stage with 12 teams (first round group winners and runners-up), followed by a knockout stage with 4 teams (second round group winners)
1986–1994: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 16 teams (group winners, runners-up and the four best third-placed teams)
1998–2022: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 16 teams (group winners and runners-up)
2026–: A group stage, followed by a knockout stage with 32 teams (group winners and runners-up)

text: In summary:

text:
Year
Host

Entrants / Played (Qualifying)
Teams
Matches
Round 1
Round 2
Final stages

1930
 Uruguay

No Qualification (Invitational Only)

13

18

4 groups of 3 or 4 teams[s 1]

knockout of 4 teams  (round 1 group winners)[s 2]

1934
 Italy

32 / 27

16

17

knockout[s 3]

1938
 France

37 / 21

16[s 4]

18

knockout[s 3]

World War II

1950
 Brazil

34 / 19

16[s 5]

22

4 groups of 4 teams[s 5][s 1]

group of 4 teams  (round 1 group winners)

1954
  Switzerland

45 / 33

16

26

4 groups of 4 teams[s 6][s 1]

knockout of 8 teams  (round 1 group winners and runners-up)

1958
 Sweden

55 / 46

16

35

4 groups of 4 teams[s 1]

1962
 Chile

56 / 49

16

32

4 groups of 4 teams

1966
 England

74 / 51

1970
 Mexico

75 / 68

1974
 West Germany

99 / 90

16

38

4 groups of 4 teams

2 groups of 4 teams  (round 1 group winners and runners-up)

final  (round 2 group winners)[s 7]

1978
 Argentina

107 / 95

1982
 Spain

109 / 103

24

52

6 groups of 4 teams

4 groups of 3 teams  (round 1 group winners and runners-up)

knockout of 4 teams  (round 2 group winners)

1986
 Mexico

121 / 110

24

52

6 groups of 4 teams

knockout of 16 teams  (round 1 group winners and runners-up, plus 4 best 3rd-placed teams)

1990
 Italy

116 / 103

1994
 United States

147 / 130

1998
 France

174 / 168

32

64

8 groups of 4 teams

knockout of 16 teams  (round 1 group winners and runners-up)

2002
 South Korea   Japan

199 / 193

2006
 Germany

198 / 194

2010
 South Africa

205 / 200

2014
 Brazil

204 / 203

2018
 Russia

210 / 208

2022
 Qatar

32

To be announced

2026
 Canada   Mexico   United States

48

80

16 groups of 3 teams

knockout of 32 teams  (round 1 group winners and runners-up)

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Up to 1958, ranking ties in groups were to be broken via a playoff; this only happened in 1954 and 1958. Since 1962, all ties are broken by goal average or goal difference.

Jump up ^ No third-place match was played

^ Jump up to: a b In 1934 and 1938, draws in knockout matches were resolved via a replay. Later, drawing of lots was provided for, though never invoked. Since 1974, penalty shootouts are used.

Jump up ^ Austria pulled out after qualifying, leaving the tournament with only 15 teams

^ Jump up to: a b India, Scotland and Turkey pulled out after qualifying, leaving the tournament with only 13 teams, and thus, one group had only 3 teams and one group had only 2 teams

Jump up ^ Each group had two seeded and two unseeded teams; the seeded teams played only unseeded teams and vice versa.

Jump up ^ The third-place match was contested by the round 2 group runners-up

text: Group stage advancement format[edit]

text: Match points[edit]

text:
FIFA World Cup 1930–1990[citation needed]
2 points for a win
1 point for a draw
FIFA World Cup 1994–2022
3 points for a win
1 point for a draw

text: Match schedule[edit]

text: Each group of four teams plays a round-robin schedule. As of the 1986 World Cup, all final group games must be held simultaneously, a rule instituted by FIFA to minimize collusion amongst teams requiring a certain result to advance. FIFA instituted a policy to award three points for a win in the 1994 World Cup. Although goals for was already a tiebreaker, FIFA hoped to create an additional incentive for teams to pursue victory. The first team affected by the rule was Paraguay in 1998, which would have won its group on goal differential over Nigeria under prior FIFA rules. Paraguay advanced to the knockout phase as group runner-up and was defeated by host nation and eventual champion France in the round of 16. It is not possible under the new point system to be eliminated from the group stage with a second place or higher winning percentage, however it is possible to finish behind a team with the same winning percentage yet a lower goal difference. This took place in the 2010 World Cup when New Zealand finished with three draws and Slovakia finished with one win, one draw, and one loss. Slovakia advanced in Group F by finishing second with four points, eliminating New Zealand with three points. Under the previous FIFA point allotment system, New Zealand would have advanced with a zero goal difference, while Slovakia would have been eliminated with a goal difference of −1.

text: Criteria for advancement to knockout phase[edit]

text:
Greatest number of points in group matches
Greatest total goal difference in the three group matches
Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches
If teams remained level after those criteria, a mini-group would be formed from those teams, who would be ranked on:
Most points earned in matches against other teams in the tie
Greatest goal difference in matches against other teams in the tie
Greatest number of goals scored in matches against other teams in the tie
If teams remained level after all these criteria, FIFA would hold a drawing of lots
The drawing of lots for tied teams takes place one hour after the final game in the group at the stadium where the championship match is held. The drawing of lots is similar to the World Cup draw in terms of style and format; a ball is drawn from a pot, which contains balls with the names of each tied team.

text: As of the 2014 World Cup, lots have only been drawn once in tournament history. However, they were used to separate second and third place in a group (Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands in 1990) where both were already assured of qualification. Thus, a team has never been eliminated based upon drawn lots.

text: World Cup–winning teams, captains, and managers[edit]

text:
Year

Host

Winning Team

Captain

Head coach

1930

 Uruguay

 Uruguay

José Nasazzi

Alberto Suppici

1934

 Italy

 Italy

Giampiero Combi

Vittorio Pozzo

1938

 France

 Italy

Giuseppe Meazza

Vittorio Pozzo

1950

 Brazil

 Uruguay

Obdulio Varela

Juan López Fontana

1954

  Switzerland

 West Germany

Fritz Walter

Sepp Herberger

1958

 Sweden

 Brazil

Hilderaldo Bellini

Vicente Feola

1962

 Chile

 Brazil

Mauro Ramos

Aymoré Moreira

1966

 England

 England

Bobby Moore

Alf Ramsey

1970

 Mexico

 Brazil

Carlos Alberto Torres

Mário Zagallo

1974

 West Germany

 West Germany

Franz Beckenbauer

Helmut Schön

1978

 Argentina

 Argentina

Daniel Passarella

César Luis Menotti

1982

 Spain

 Italy

Dino Zoff

Enzo Bearzot

1986

 Mexico

 Argentina

Diego Maradona

Carlos Bilardo

1990

 Italy

 West Germany

Lothar Matthäus

Franz Beckenbauer

1994

 United States

 Brazil

Dunga

Carlos Alberto Parreira

1998

 France

 France

Didier Deschamps

Aimé Jacquet

2002

 South Korea   Japan

 Brazil

Cafu

Luiz Felipe Scolari

2006

 Germany

 Italy

Fabio Cannavaro

Marcello Lippi

2010

 South Africa

 Spain

Iker Casillas

Vicente del Bosque

2014

 Brazil

 Germany

Philipp Lahm

Joachim Löw

2018

 Russia

 France

Hugo Lloris

Didier Deschamps