document_title: List of pharaohs

question_text: which pharaoh ruled egypt for the longest period of time

question_tokens: which pharaoh ruled egypt for the longest period of time

text: List of pharaohs

text: Ancient Egyptian king lists[edit]

text: Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records: Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence. Concerning ancient sources, Egyptologists and Historians alike call for caution about the credibility, exactitude and completeness of these sources, many of which were written long after the reigns they report.[2] An additional problem is that ancient king lists are often damaged, inconsistent with one another and/or selective.

text: The following ancient king lists are known (along with the dynasty under which they were created)):[3]

text:
Den seal impressions (1st dynasty); found on a cylinder seal in Den's tomb. It lists all 1st dynasty kings from Narmer to Den by their Horus names.
Palermo stone (5th dynasty); carved on an olivin-basalt slab. Broken into pieces and thus today incomplete.
Giza King List (6th dynasty); painted with red, green and black ink on gypsum and cedar wood. Very selective.
South Saqqara Stone (6th dynasty); carved on a black basalt slab. Very selective.
Karnak King List (18th dynasty); carved on limestone. Very selective.
Abydos King List of Seti I (19th dynasty); carved on limestone. Very detailed, but omitting the First Intermediate Period.
Abydos King List of Ramses II (19th dynasty); carved on limestone. Very selective.
Saqqara King List (19th dynasty), carved on limestone. Very detailed, but omitting most kings of the 1st dynasty for unknown reasons.
Turin King List (19th dynasty); written with red and black ink on papyrus. Most possibly the most complete king list in history, today damaged.
Manetho's Aegyptiaca (Greek Period); possibly written on papyrus. The original writings are lost today and many anecdotes assigned to certain kings seem fictitious.

text: Predynastic period[edit]

text: Lower Egypt[edit]

text: Lower Egypt geographically consisted of the northern Nile and the Nile delta. The following list may not be complete:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Reign

Hsekiu / Seka
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[4]

Khayu
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[5]

Tiu / Teyew
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[6]

Thesh / Tjesh
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[7]

Neheb
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[8]

Wazner
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[9]
Ruled around or earlier than 3100 B.C.

Mekh
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[10]

(destroyed)
-
Only known from the Palermo stone[10]

Double Falcon

May also have ruled in Upper Egypt
Naqada III

tag: table

text: Upper Egypt[edit]

text: Regrouped here are predynastic rulers of Upper Egypt belonging to the late Naqada III period, sometimes informally described as Dynasty 00.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Reign

Elephant[11]

-
Naqada III

Bull
-
-
Naqada III

Scorpion I
-
-
Naqada III

text: Early Dynastic Period[edit]

text: Predynastic rulers: Dynasty 0[edit]

text: The following list of predynastic rulers may be incomplete. Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0".

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Iry-Hor

Correct chronological position unclear.[12]
c. 3150 BC

Crocodile

Potentially read Shendjw; identity and existence are disputed.[13]
c. 3150 BC

Ka

Maybe read Sekhen rather than Ka. Correct chronological position unclear.[14]
c. 3150 BC

Scorpion II

Potentially read Serqet; possibly the same person as Narmer.[15]
c. 3150 BC

text: First Dynasty[edit]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Narmer

Believed to be the same person as Menes and to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt.
c. 3100 BC

Hor-Aha

Greek form: Athotís.
c. 3050 BC

Djer

Greek form: Uenéphes (after his Gold name In-nebw); His name and titulary appear on the Palermo Stone. His tomb was later thought to be the legendary tomb of Osiris.
54 years[16]

Djet

Greek form: Usapháis.
10 years[17]

Den

Greek form: Kénkenes (after the ramesside diction of his birthname: Qenqen[18]). First pharaoh depicted wearing the double crown of Egypt, first pharaoh with a full niswt bity-name.
42 years[17]

Anedjib

Greek form: Miebidós. Known for his ominous nebwy-title.[19]
10 years

Semerkhet

Greek form: Semempsés. First Egyptian ruler with a fully developed Nebty name. His complete reign is preserved on the Cairo stone.
8½ years[17]

Qa'a

Greek form: Bienéches. Ruled very long, his tomb is the last one with subsidiary tombs.
34 years

Sneferka

Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown.
c. 2900 BC

Horus Bird

Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown.
c. 2900 BC

text: Second Dynasty[edit]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Hotepsekhemwy[20]

Manetho names him Boëthos and claims that under this ruler an earthquake killed many people.
15 years

Nebra[21]

Greek form: Kaíechós (after the ramesside cartouche name Kakaw). First ruler who uses the sun-symbol in his royal name, could be identical to king Weneg.
14 years

Nynetjer[22]

Greek form: Binóthris. May have divided Egypt between his successors, allegedly allowed women to rule like pharaohs.
43–45 years

Weneg-Nebty[23]

Greek form: Ougotlas/Tlás. Could be an independent ruler or the same as Peribsen, Sekhemib-Perenmaat or Raneb.
Around 2740 B.C.

Senedj[24]

Greek form: Sethenes. Possibly the same person as Peribsen. This, however, is highly disputed.[25]
47 years (Supposedly)

Seth-Peribsen

Used a Seth-animal above his serekh rather than an Horus falcon. He promoted the sun-cult in Egypt and reduced the powers of officials, nomarchs and palatines. Some scholars believe that he ruled over a divided Egypt.[26]
c.2890-2686 B.C.

Sekhemib-Perenmaat

Could be the same person as Seth-Peribsen.[27]

Neferkara I

Greek form: Néphercherés. Known only from ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested.

Neferkasokar

Greek form: Sesóchris. Known only from ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested. Old Kingdom legends claim that this ruler saved Egypt from a long lasting drought.[28]

Hudjefa I

Known only from ramesside king lists, his "name" is actually a paraphrase pointing out that the original name of the king was already lost in ramesside times.

Khasekhem(wy)[29][30]

Greek form: Chenerés. May have reunified Egypt after a period of trouble, his serekh name is unique for presenting both Horus and Set.

text: Old Kingdom[edit]

text: Third Dynasty[edit]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Djoser[31][32]

Greek form: Tosórthros. Commissioned the first Pyramid in Egypt, created by chief architect and scribe Imhotep.
19 or 28 years c. 2670 BC.

Sekhemkhet[33]

Greek form: Tyréis (after the ramesside cartouche name for Sekhemkhet, Teti). In the necropolis of his unfinished step pyramid, the remains of a 2-year old infant were found.[34]
2649–2643

Sanakht

Greek form: Necheróphes. Could be the same as Nebka, this is disputed amongst scholars.
c. 2650

Khaba

Possibly built an unfinished step pyramid, could be identical with Huni.
2643–2637

Huni[35]

Greek form: Áches. Could be the same as Qahedjet or Khaba. Possibly built an unfinished step pyramid and several cultic pyramids throughout Egypt. Huni was for a long time credited with the building of the pyramid of Meidum. This, however, is disproved by New Kingdom graffitos which praise king Snofru, not Huni.
2637–2613

text: Fourth Dynasty[edit]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Sneferu

Greek form: Sóris. Reigned 48 years, giving him enough time to build the Meidum Pyramid, the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid. Some scholars believe that he was buried in the Red Pyramid. Long time it was thought that the Meidum Pyramid was not Snofru's work, but that of king Huni. Ancient Egyptian documents describe Snofru as a pious, generous and even accostable ruler.[36]

2613–2589 BC

Khufu

Greek form: Cheops and Suphis. Built the Great pyramid of Giza. Khufu is depicted as a cruel tyrant by ancient Greek authors, Ancient Egyptian sources however describe him as a generous and pious ruler. He is the main protagonist of the famous Westcar Papyrus. The first imprinted papyri originate from Khufu's reign, which may have made ancient Greek authors believe that Khufu wrote books in attempt to praise the gods.

2589–2566 BC

Djedefre

Greek form: Rátoises. Some scholars believe he created the Great Sphinx of Giza as a monument for his deceased father. He also created a pyramid at Abu Rawash. However, this pyramid is no longer intact as it is believed the Romans recycled the materials it was made from.

2566–2558 BC

Khafre

Greek form: Chéphren and Suphis II. His pyramid is the second largest in Giza. Some scholars prefer him as the creator of the Great Sphinx before Djedefra. Ancient Greek authors describe Khafra as likewise cruel as Khufu.

2558–2532 BC

Baka/Bauefrê

Greek form: Bikheris. Could be the owner of the Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan.

Menkaure

Greek form: Menchéres. His pyramid is the third and smallest in Giza. A legend claims that his only daughter died due an illness and Menkaura buried her in a golden coffin in shape of a cow.

2532–2503 BC

Shepseskaf

Greek form: Seberchéres. Owner of the Mastabat el-Fara'un.

2503–2498 BC

Thamphthis
–
According to Manetho the last king of the 4th dynasty. He is not archaeologically attested and thus possibly fictional.
—

text: Fifth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Userkaf

Buried in a pyramid in Saqqara. Built the first solar temple at Abusir.

2498–2491 BC

Sahure

Moved the royal necropolis to Abusir, where he built his pyramid.

2490–2477 BC

Neferirkare Kakai

Son of Sahure, born with the name Ranefer

2477–2467 BC

Neferefre

Son of Neferirkare

2460–2458 BC

Shepseskare

Reigned most likely after Neferefre and for only a few months, possibly a son of Sahure.[37]

Few months

Nyuserre Ini

Brother to Neferefre, built extensively in the Abusir necropolis.

2445–2422 BC

Menkauhor Kaiu

Last pharaoh to build a sun temple

2422–2414 BC

Djedkare Isesi

Effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian administration. Enjoyed the longest reign of his dynasty, with likely more than 35 years on the throne.

2414–2375 BC

Unas

The Pyramid of Unas is inscribed with the earliest instance of the pyramid texts

2375–2345 BC

text: Sixth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Teti

According to Manetho, he was murdered.

2345–2333 BC

Userkare

Reigned 1 to 5 years, may have usurped the throne at the expense of Teti

2333–2332 BC

Meryre Pepi I

—

2332–2283 BC

Merenre Nemtyemsaf I

—

2283–2278 BC

Neferkare Pepi II

Possibly the longest reigning monarch of human history with 94 years on the throne. Alternatively, may have reigned "only" 64 years.

2278–2184 BC

Neferka

Only mentioned in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Reigned during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-ruler.

2200–2199 BC

Merenre Nemtyemsaf II[38]

Short lived pharaoh, possibly an aged son of Pepi II.

1 year and 1 month c. 2184 BC

Neitiqerty Siptah

Identical with Netjerkare. This male king gave rise to the legendary queen Nitocris of Herodotus and Manetho.[39] Sometimes classified as the first king of the combined 7th/8th Dynasties.
Short reign: c. 2184–2181 BC

text: First Intermediate Period[edit]

text: The First Intermediate Period (2181–2060 BC) is a period of disarray and chaos between the end of the Old Kingdom and the advent of the Middle Kingdom.

text: The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. He had reigned for more than 64 and likely up to 94 years, longer than any monarch in history. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. The union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting famine.

text: The kings of the 7th and 8th Dynasties, who represented the successors of the 6th Dynasty, tried to hold onto some power in Memphis but owed much of it to powerful nomarchs. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in Herakleopolis Magna. Some time after these events, a rival line based at Thebes revolted against their nomial Northern overlords and united Upper Egypt. Around 2055 BC, Mentuhotep II, the son and successor of pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs and reunited the Two Lands, thereby starting the Middle Kingdom.

text: Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined)[edit]

text: The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled for approximately 20–45 years. They comprise numerous ephemeral kings reigning from Memphis over a possibly divided Egypt and, in any case, holding only limited power owing to the effectively feudal system into which the administration had evolved. The list below is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen[40] as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list dating to the Ramesside Era.[41]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Menkare

Likely attested by a relief fragment from the tomb of queen Neit.[42][43][44]

Neferkare II

Neferkare (III) Neby

Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in Saqqara.

Djedkare Shemai

Neferkare (IV) Khendu

Merenhor

Neferkamin

Nikare

Possibly attested by a cylinder-seal.

Neferkare (V) Tereru

Neferkahor

Attested by a cylinder seal.

Neferkare (VI) Pepiseneb

Neferkamin Anu

Qakare Ibi

Built a pyramid at Saqqara inscribed with the last known instance of the Pyramid Texts
2169–2167 BC

Neferkaure

Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of Min at Coptos.
2167–2163 BC

Neferkauhor Khuwihapi

Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of Shemay.
2163–2161 BC

Neferirkare

Possibly to be identified with horus Demedjibtawy, in which case he is attested by a decree from the temple of Min.
2161–2160 BC

text: Ninth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Ninth Dynasty[45] ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC. The Turin King List has 18 kings reigning in the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties. Of these, twelve names are missing and four are partial.[45]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Meryibre Khety I (Acthoes I)

Manetho states that Achthoes founded this dynasty.
2160–?

—

-
 ?

Neferkare VII

-
 ?

Nebkaure Khety II (Acthoes II)

-
 ?

Senenh— or Setut

-
 ?

—

-
 ?

Mery—

-
 ?

Shed—

-
 ?

H—

-
 ?

text: Tenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Tenth Dynasty was a local group that held sway over Lower Egypt that ruled from 2130 to 2040 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Meryhathor

—
2130–?

Neferkare VIII

—
 ?

Wahkare Khety (Acthoes III)

—
 ?

Merykare

—
 ?–2040

text: Eleventh Dynasty[edit]

text: The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. The 11th dynasty originated from a dynasty of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Intef the Elder Iry-pat

Theban nomarch serving an unnamed king, later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty.
—

text: The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Mentuhotep I Tepy-a

Nominally a Theban nomarch but may have ruled independently.

?–2134 BC

Sehertawy Intef I

First member of the dynasty to claim a Horus name.

2134–2117 BC

Wahankh Intef II

Conquered Abydos and its nome.

2117–2069 BC

Nakhtnebtepnefer Intef III

Conquered Asyut and possibly moved further North up to the 17th nome.[46]

2069–2060 BC

text: Middle Kingdom[edit]

text: The Middle Kingdom (2060–1802 BC) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. In addition to the Twelfth Dynasty, some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. This opening of trade eventually led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, induced by an invasion from the Hyksos.

text: Eleventh Dynasty continued[edit]

text: The second part of the Eleventh Dynasty is considered to be part of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II[47]

Gained all Egypt c. 2015 BC, Middle Kingdom begins.

2060–2010 BC

Sankhkare Mentuhotep III[48]

Commanded the first expedition to Punt of the Middle Kingdom

2010–1998 BC

Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IV[49]

Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. May have been overthrown by his vizier and successor Amenemhat I.

1997–1991 BC

text: Enigmatic kings, only attested in Lower Nubia[edit]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Segerseni[50]

Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely an usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty.

Qakare Ini[50]

Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely an usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty.

Iyibkhentre[50]

Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely an usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty.

text: Twelfth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1802 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Sehetepibre Amenemhat I[51][52]

Seized power after overthrowing Mentuhotep IV. Died assassinated.

1991–1962 BC

Kheperkare Senusret I[53] (Sesostris I)

Built the White Chapel

1971–1926 BC

Nubkaure Amenemhat II[54]

—

1929–1895 BC

Khakheperre Senusret II[55] (Sesostris II)

—

1897–1878 BC

Khakaure Senusret III[56] (Sesostris III)

Most powerful of the Middle Kingdom pharaohs.

1878–1860 BC

Nimaatre Amenemhat III[57]

—

1860–1815 BC

Maakherure Amenemhat IV[58]

Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso.

1815–1807 BC

Sobekkare Sobekneferu[59]

A rare female ruler.

1807–1802 BC

Seankhibtawy Seankhibra

Enigmatic king of the Twelfth Dynasty. He was either a usurper or identical with one of the first three kings of the Dynasty.

text: Second Intermediate Period[edit]

text: The Second Intermediate Period (1802–1550 BC) is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom. It is best known as when the Hyksos, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth, made their appearance in Egypt.

text: The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the two lands of Egypt. Either at the start of the dynasty, c. 1805 BC or toward the middle of it in c. 1710 BC, the provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the eastern Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Canaanite Fourteenth Dynasty.

text: The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. Then, some time around 1650 BC the Hyksos, perhaps led by Salitis the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, conquered Memphis, thereby terminating the 13th dynasty. The power vacuum in Upper Egypt resulting from the collapse of the 13th dynasty allowed the 16th dynasty to declare its independence in Thebes, only to be overrun by the Hyksos kings shortly thereafter.

text: Subsequently, as the Hyksos withdrew from Upper Egypt, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom.

text: Thirteenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1802 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 years according to Manetho. This table should be contrasted with Known kings of the 13th Dynasty.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I

Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is well attested. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies
1802–1800 BC[60]

Sonbef

Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of Amenemhat IV[60]
1800–1796 BC[60]

Nerikare

1796 BC

Sekhemkare Amenemhat V

Ruled for 3 to 4 years[60]
1796–1793 BC[60]

Ameny Qemau

Buried in his pyramid in south Dashur
1795–1792 BC

Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef

Also called Sehotepibre
1792–1790 BC

Iufni

Only attested on the Turin canon
Very short reign, possibly c. 1790 – 1788 BC[60]

Seankhibre Amenemhet VI

—
1788–1785 BC

Semenkare Nebnuni

—
1785–1783 BC[60] or 1739 BC[61]

Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy

—
1783–1781 BC[60]

Sewadjkare

Known only from the Turin canon

Nedjemibre

Known only from the Turin canon
7 months, 1780 BC[60] or 1736 BC[61]

Khaankhre Sobekhotep

Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies
Reigned c. 3 years, 1780–1777 BC[60]

Renseneb

4 months
1777 BC[60]

Awybre Hor I

Famous for his intact tomb treasure and Ka statue
Reigned 1 year and 6 months, 1777–1775 BC[60]

Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw

Possibly a son of Hor Awibre
Estimated reign 3 years, 1775–1772 BC[60]

Djedkheperew

Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with Khendjer
Estimated reign 2 years, 1772–1770 BC[60]

Sebkay

Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay.[60]

Sedjefakare

A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents.
5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC[60]

Khutawyre Wegaf

Founder of the dynasty in old studies
c. 1767 BC

Khendjer

Possibly the first semitic pharaoh, built a pyramid at Saqqara
Minimum 4 years and 3 months c. 1765 BC

Imyremeshaw

Attested by two colossal statues
Reigned less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC[60] or 1711 BC.[62]

Sehetepkare Intef IV

—
 ?

Seth Meribre

—
 ?

Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III

4 years and 2 months
c. 1755–1751 BC

Khasekhemre Neferhotep I

11 years
1751–1740 BC

Menwadjre Sihathor

Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently.
1739 BC[60]

Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV

10 or 11 years
1740–1730 BC

Merhotepre Sobekhotep V

—
c. 1730 BC

Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI

4 years 8 months and 29 days
c. 1725 BC

Wahibre Ibiau

10 years and 8 months
1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC[60]

Merneferre Ay I

Longest reigning king of the dynasty
23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC[60] or 1714–1691 BC

Merhotepre Ini

Possibly a son of his predecessor
2 Years 3 or 4 Months and 9 days, 1677–1675 BC[60] or 1691–1689 BC

Sankhenre Sewadjtu

Attested only on the Turin canon
3 years and 2–4 months, 1675–1672 BC[60]

Mersekhemre Ined

May be the same person as Neferhotep II
3 years, 1672–1669 BC[60]

Sewadjkare Hori

5 years
 ?

Merkawre Sobekhotep VII

2 years and 6 months [60]
1664–1663 BC[60]

Seven kings

Names lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon [60]
1663 BC –?[60]

Mer[…]re

—
 ?

Merkheperre

—
Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC [60]

Merkare

Attested only on the Turin canon
Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC [60]

Name lost

—
 ?

Sewadjare Mentuhotep V

—
c. 1655 BC[60]

[…]mosre

—
 ?

Ibi […]maatre

—
 ?

Hor[…] […]webenre

—
 ?

Se...kare

 ?
 ?

Seheqenre Sankhptahi

May be the son of his predecessor
 ?

...re

 ?
 ?

Se...enre

 ?
 ?–1649 BC [60]

text: The position of the following kings is uncertain:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Dedumose I

Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty
c. 1654

Dedumose II

Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty
 ?

Sewahenre Senebmiu

Late 13th dynasty.
After 1660 BC.[60]

Snaaib

Possibly a king of the Abydos Dynasty
 ?

Mershepsesre Ini II

Late 13th dynasty.
 ?

text: Fourteenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris,[63] that ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The dynasty comprised many rulers with West Semitic names and is thus believed to have been Canaanite in origin. It is here given as per Ryholt, however this reconstruction of the dynasty is heavily debated with the position of the five kings preceding Nehesy highly disputed.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Yakbim Sekhaenre

Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt[63]
1805–1780 BC

Ya'ammu Nubwoserre

Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt[63]
1780–1770 BC

Qareh Khawoserre[63]

Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt[63]
1770–1760 BC

'Ammu Ahotepre[63]

Chronological position uncertain, here given as per Ryholt[63]
1760–1745 BC

Sheshi[64]

Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given as per Ryholt.[63] Alternatively, he could be an early Hyksos king, a Hyksos ruler of the second part of the 15th Dynasty or a vassal of the Hyksos.
1745–1705 BC

Nehesy

Short reign, perhaps a son of Sheshi [63]
c. 1705

Khakherewre

-
 ?

Nebefawre

-
c. 1704

Sehebre

Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh[60]
-

Merdjefare

Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh[60]
c. 1699

Sewadjkare III

-
 ?

Nebdjefare

-
c. 1694

Webenre

-
 ?

—

-
 ?

Djefare?

-
 ?

Webenre

c. 1690

Nebsenre[63]

Attested by a jar bearing his prenomen
At least 5 months of reign, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC

Sekheperenre[63]

Attested by a single scarab seal
2 months, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC

Anati Djedkare[63]

Only known from the Turin canon

Bebnum[63]

Only known from the Turin canon

'Apepi[63]

Possibly attested as a king's son by 5 scarabs-seals

text: The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Nuya[60]

Attested by a scarab-seal

Wazad[60]

May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare
c. 1700 BC ?

Sheneh[60]

May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare

Shenshek[60]

Attested by a scarab-seal

Khamure[60]

Yakareb[60]

Yaqub-Har[64]

May belong to the 14th dynasty, the 15th dynasty or be a vassal of the Hyksos.
17th–16th centuries BC

text: The Turin King List provides additional names, none of which are attested beyond the list.

text: Fifteenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyksos people who emerged from the Fertile Crescent to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Semqen

Chronological position uncertain.
1649 BC – ?

'Aper-'Anat

Chronological position uncertain.

Sakir-Har

-
 ?

Khyan

Apex of the Hyksos' power, conquered Thebes toward the end of his reign
30–40 years

Apepi

-
40 years or more

Khamudi

-
1555–1544

text: Abydos Dynasty[edit]

text: The Second Intermediate Period may include an independent dynasty reigning over Abydos from c. 1650 BC until 1600 BC.[65][66][67] Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Sekhemraneferkhau Wepwawetemsaf

May belong to the late 16th Dynasty[68]

Sekhemrekhutawy Pantjeny

May belong to the late 16th Dynasty[68]

Menkhaure Snaaib

May belong to the late 13th Dynasty.[69][70][71]

Woseribre Senebkay

Tomb discovered in 2014. Perhaps identifiable with a Woser[...]re of the Turin canon.

text: Sixteenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13 th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper-Egypt only.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

—

Name of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered

Sekhemresementawy Djehuti

–
3 years

Sekhemreseusertawy Sobekhotep VIII

–
16 years

Sekhemresankhtawy Neferhotep III

–
1 year

Seankhenre Mentuhotepi

May be a king of the 17th Dynasty[70]
1 year

Sewadjenre Nebiryraw I

–
26 years

Neferkare(?) Nebiryraw II

–

Semenre

–

Seuserenre Bebiankh

–
12 years

Djedhotepre Dedumose I

May be a king of the 13th Dynasty[70]

Djedneferre Dedumose II

–

Djedankhre Montemsaf

–

Merankhre Mentuhotep VI

–

Seneferibre Senusret IV

–

Sekhemre Shedwast

–

text: The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III[72] and Nebmaatre. Their chronological position is uncertain.[69][70]

text: Seventeenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Sekhemrewahkhaw Rahotep

-

c. 1620 BC

Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I

Reigned at least 7 years
-

Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II

His tomb was robbed and burned during the reign of Ramses IX
-

Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef V

-
-

Nubkheperre Intef VI

Reigned more than 3 years
-

Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef VII

-
-

Senakhtenre Ahmose

-

c. 1558 BC

Seqenenre Tao

Died in battle against the Hyksos.

1558–1554 BC

Wadjkheperre Kamose

1554–1549 BC

text: The early 17th Dynasty may also have comprised the reign of a pharaoh Nebmaatre, whose chronological position is uncertain.[60]

text: New Kingdom[edit]

text: The New Kingdom (1550–1077 BC) is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.

text: Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into Nubia in the south, and held wide territories in the Near East. Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria.

text: Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, Tutankhamun known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and Ramesses II who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reconquest led to the Battle of Qadesh, where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king Muwatalli II.

text: Eighteenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Eighteenth Dynasty ruled from c. 1550 to 1292 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Nebpehtire Ahmose I, Ahmosis I

Brother and successor to Kamose, conquered north of Egypt from the Hyksos.
c. 1550–1525 BC; Radiocarbon date range for the start of his reign is 1570–1544 BC, the mean point of which is 1557 BC[73]

Djeserkare Amenhotep I

Son of Ahmose I.
1541–1520

Aakheperkare Thutmose I

Father unknown, though possibly Amenhotep I. His mother is known to be Senseneb. Expanded Egypt's territorial extent during his reign.
1520–1492

Aakheperenre Thutmose II

Son of Thutmose I. Grandson of Amenhotep I through his mother, Mutnofret.
1492–1479

Maatkare Hatshepsut

The second known female ruler of Egypt. May have ruled jointly with her nephew Thutmose III during the early part of her reign. Famous for her expedition to Punt documented on her famous Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahari. Built many temples and monuments. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. Was the daughter of Thutmose I and the Great Wife of her brother Thutmose II.
1479–1458

Menkheperre Thutmose III

Son of Thutmose II. May have ruled jointly with Hatshepsut, his aunt and step-mother, during the early part of her reign. Famous for his territorial expansion into Levant and Nubia. Under his reign, the Ancient Egyptian Empire was at its greatest extent. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. Late in his reign, he obliterated Hatshepsut's name and image from temples and monuments.
1458–1425

Aakheperrure Amenhotep II

Son of Thutmose III. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power.
1425–1400

Menkheperure Thutmose IV

Famous for his Dream Stele. Son of Amenhotep II. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power.
1400–1390

Nebmaatre Amenhotep III The Magnificent King

Father of Akhenaten and grandfather of Tutankhamun. Ruled Egypt at the height of its power. Built many temples and monuments, including his enormous Mortuary Temple. Was the son of Thutmose IV.
1390–1352

Neferkheperure-waenre Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten

Founder of the Amarna Period in which he changed the state religion from the polytheistic Ancient Egyptian religion to the Monotheistic Atenism, centered around the worship of the Aten, an image of the sun disc. He moved the capital to Akhetaten. Was the second son of Amenhotep III. He changed his name from Amenhotep (Amun is pleased) to Akhenaten (Effective for the Aten) to reflect his religion change.
1352–1336

Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare

Ruled jointly with Akhenaten during the later years of his reign. Unknown if Smenkhare ever ruled in their own right. Identity and even the gender of Smenkhare is uncertain. Some suggest he may have been the son of Akenhaten, possibly the same person as Tutankhamun, others speculate Smenkhare may have been Nefertiti or Meritaten. May have been succeeded by or identical with a female Pharaoh named Neferneferuaten.
1335–1334

Ankhkheperure-mery-Neferkheperure/Neferneferuaten

A female Pharaoh, possibly the same ruler as Smenkhkare. Archaeological evidence relates to a woman who reigned as pharaoh toward the end of the Amarna Period. It is likely she was Nefertiti.
1334-1332

Nebkheperure Tutankhaten/Tutankhamun

Commonly believed to be the son of Akhenaten, most likely reinstated the Polytheistic Ancient Egyptian religion. His name change from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun reflects the change in religion from the Monotheistic Atenism to the classic religion, of which Amun is a major deity. He is thought to have taken the throne at around age eight or nine and to have died around age eighteen or nineteen, giving him the nickname "The Boy King."
1332–1324

Kheperkheperure Ay

Was Grand Vizier to Tutankhamun and an important official during the reigns of Akhenaten and Smenkhkare. Possibly the brother of Tiye, Great Wife of Amenhotep III, and also possibly father of Nefertiti, Great Wife of Akhenaten. Believed to be born into nobility, but not royalty. Succeeded Tutankhamun due to his lack of an heir.
1324–1320

Djeserkheperure-setpenre Horemheb

Born a Commoner. Was a General during the Amarna Period. Obliterated Images of the Amarna Pharaohs and destroyed and vandalized buildings and monuments associated with them. Succeeded Ay despite Nakhtmin being the intended heir.
1320–1292

text: Nineteenth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Nineteenth Dynasty ruled from 1292 to 1186 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs: Rameses II the Great:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Menpehtire Ramesses I[74]

Of non-royal birth. Succeeded Horemheb due to his lack of an heir.
1292–1290

Menmaatre Seti I

Regained much of the territory that was lost under the reign of Akhenaten.
1290–1279

Usermaatre-setpenre Ramesses II the Great

Continued expanding Egypt's territory until he reached a stalemate with the Hittite Empire at the Battle of Kadesh in 1275 BC, after which the famous Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty was signed in 1258 BC.
1279–1213

Banenre Merenptah[75]

Thirteenth son of Ramesses II.
1213–1203

Menmire-setpenre Amenmesse

Most likely an usurper to the throne. Possibly ruled in opposition to Seti II. Suggested son of Merneptah.
1203–1200

Userkheperure Seti II[76]

Son of Merneptah. May have had to overcome a contest by Amenmesse before he could solidify his claim to the throne.
1203–1197

Sekhaenre/Akhenre Merenptah Siptah[77]

Possibly son of Seti II or Amenmesse, ascended to throne at a young age.
1197–1191

Satre-merenamun Tausret

Probably the wife of Seti II. Also known as Twosret or Tawosret.
1191–1190

text: Twentieth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Userkhaure Setnakhte

Not related to Seti II, Siptah, or Tausret. May have usurped the throne from Tausret. Did not recognize Siptah or Tausret as legitimate rulers. Possibly a member of a minor line of the Ramesside royal family. Also called Setnakt.
1190–1186

Usermaatre-meryamun Ramesses III

Son of Setnakhte. Fought the Sea Peoples in 1175 BC. May have been assassinated.
1186–1155

Usermaatre/Heqamaatre-setpenamun Ramesses IV

Son of Ramesses III. During his reign, Egyptian power started to decline.
1155–1149

Usermaatre-sekheperenre Ramesses V

Son of Ramesses IV
1149–1145

Nebmaatre-meryamun Ramesses VI

Son of Ramesses III. Brother of Ramesses IV. Uncle of Ramesses V.
1145–1137

Usermaatre-setpenre-meryamun Ramesses VII

Son of Ramesses VI.
1137–1130

Usermaatre-akhenamun Ramesses VIII

An obscure Pharaoh, who reigned only around a year. Identifiable with Prince Sethiherkhepeshef II. Son of Ramesses III. Brother of Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI. Uncle of Ramesses V and Ramesses VII. He is the sole Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty whose tomb has not been found.
1130–1129

Neferkare-setpenre Ramesses IX

Probably grandson of Ramesses III through his father, Montuherkhopshef. First cousin of Ramesses V and Ramesses VII.
1129–1111

Khepermaatre-setpenptah Ramesses X[78]

A poorly documented Pharaoh, his reign was between 3 and 10 years long. His origins are completely uncertain.
1111–1107

Menmaatre-setpenptah Ramesses XI[79]

Possibly the son of Ramesses X. During the second half of his reign, High Priest of Amun Herihor ruled over the south from Thebes, limiting his power to Lower (Northern) Egypt. He was succeeded in the north by Smendes.
1107–1077

text: Third Intermediate Period[edit]

text: The Third Intermediate Period (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.

text: Twenty-first Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1069 to 943 BC

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Hedjkheperre-setpenre Nesbanebdjed I (Smendes I)[80]

Married to Tentamun, probable daughter of Ramesses XI.
1077–1051

Neferkare Heqawaset Amenemnisu

Obscure four-year reign.
1051–1047

Aakheperre Pasebakhenniut I (Psusennes I)

Son of Pinedjem I, a High Priest of Amun. Ruled for 40 to 51 years. Famous for his intact tomb at Tanis. Known as "The Silver Pharaoh" due to the magnificent silver coffin he was buried in. One of the most powerful rulers of the Dynasty.
1047–1001

Usermaatre Amenemope

Son of Psusennes I.
1001–992

Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon (Osorkon the Elder)

Son of Shoshenq A, Great Chief of the Meshwesh (Libya). Also known as Osochor.
992–986

Netjerikheperre-setpenamun Siamun-meryamun

Unknown Origins. Built extensively for a third intermediate period Pharaoh. One of the most powerful rulers of the dynasty.
986–967

Titkheperure Pasebakhenniut II (Psusennes II)

Son of Pinedjem II, a High Priest of Amun.
967–943

text: Theban High Priests of Amun[edit]

text: Though not officially Pharaohs, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes were the de facto rulers of Upper Egypt during the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Dynasties, writing their names in cartouches and being buried in royal tombs.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Herihor

First High Priest of Amun to claim to be Pharaoh. He ruled in the south in Thebes, while Ramesses XI ruled from the north in Pi-Ramesses.
1080–1074

Piankh

-
1074–1070

Pinedjem I

Son of Piankh. Father of Psusennes I.
1070–1032

Masaharta

Son of Pinedjem I.
1054–1045

Djedkhonsuefankh

Son of Pinedjem I.
1046–1045

Menkheperre

Son of Pinedjem I.
1045–992

Nesbanebdjed II (Smendes II)

Son of Menkheperre.
992–990

Pinedjem II

Son of Menkheperre, Father of Psusennes II.
990–976

Pasebakhaennuit III (Psusennes III)

Possibly the same person as Psusennes II. Either he or Pinedjem II is generally considered to be the last High Priest of Amun to consider himself as a Pharaoh-like figure.
976–943

text: Twenty-second Dynasty[edit]

text: The pharaohs of the Twenty-Second Dynasty were Libyans, ruling from around 943 to 728 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Hedjkheperre-setepenre Shoshenq I

Son of Nimlot A, a brother of Osorkon the Elder and a Great Chief of the Meshwesh (Libya).
943–922

Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I

Son of Shoshenq I.
922–887

Heqakheperre Shoshenq II

Obscure Pharaoh, possibly a usurper.
887–885

Tutkheperre Shoshenq IIb

Obscure Pharaoh, placement uncertain.
880s

Hedjkheperre Harsiese

An obscure rebel, at Thebes.
880–860

Takelot I

Son of Osorkon I.
885–872

Usermaatre-setepenamun Osorkon II

Son of Takelot I.
872–837

Usermaatre-setepenre Shoshenq III

-
837–798

Shoshenq IV

-
798–785

Usermaatre-setepenre Pami

-
785–778

Aakheperre Shoshenq V

-
778–740

Usermaatre Osorkon IV

-
740–720

text: Twenty-third Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twenty-Third Dynasty was a local group, again of Libyan origin, based at Herakleopolis and Thebes that ruled from 837 to c. 735 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Hedjkheperre-setpenre Takelot II

Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd
837–813

Usermaatre-setepenamun Pedubast

A rebel—seized Thebes from Takelot II
826–801

Usermaatre-setepenamun Iuput I

Co-regent with Pedubast
812–811

Usermaatre Shoshenq VI

Successor to Pedubast
801–795

Usermaatre-setepenamun Osorkon III

Son of Takelot II; recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king
795–767

Usermaatre-setpenamun Takelot III

Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign.
773–765

Usermaatre-setpenamun Rudamun

Younger son of Osorkon III and brother of Takelot III.
765–762

text: Rudamun was succeeded in Thebes by a local ruler:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Menkheperre Ini

Reigned at Thebes only
762–?

text: Twenty-fourth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twenty-fourth Dynasty was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (Sais), with only two pharaohs ruling from 732 to 720 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Shepsesre Tefnakhte

-
732–725

Wahkare Bakenrenef (Bocchoris)

-
725–720

text: Twenty-fifth Dynasty[edit]

text: Nubians invaded Lower Egypt and took the throne of Egypt under Piye although they already controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt in the early years of Piye's reign. Piye's conquest of Lower Egypt established the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Usermaatre Piye

King of Nubia; conquered Egypt in 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years
744–714 according to Frédéric Payraudeau[81]

Djedkaure Shebitku

Believed to be Shabaka's successor until the 2010s
714–705 according to Frédéric Payraudeau[81]

Neferkare Shabaka

Believed to be Shebitku's predecessor until the 2010s
705–690 according to Frédéric Payraudeau[81]

Khuinefertemre Taharqa

-
690–664

Bakare Tantamani

Lost control of Upper Egypt in 656 BC when Psamtik I extended his authority into Thebes in that year.
664–653

text: They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at Napata (656–590), and, later, at Meroë (590 BC – 4th century AD).

text: Late Period[edit]

text: The Late Period runs from around 664 to 332 BC, and includes periods of rule by native Egyptians and Persians.

text: Twenty-sixth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twenty-sixth Dynasty ruled from around 664 to 525 BC.[82]

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Tefnakht II

Manetho's Stephinates. May have been a descendant of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. The father of Necho I.
685–678 BC

Nekauba

Manetho's Nechepsos. His existence has been questioned.
678–672 BC

Menkheperre Nekau I (Necho I)

Was killed by an invading Kushite force in 664 BC under Tantamani. Father of Psamtik I.
672–664 BC

text: The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Wahibre Psamtik I (Psammetichus I)

Reunified Egypt. Son of Necho I and father of Necho II.
664–610 BC

Wehemibre Necho II (Necho II)

Most likely the pharaoh mentioned in several books of the Bible. Son of Psamtik I and father of Psamtik II.
610–595 BC

Neferibre Psamtik II (Psammetichus II)

Son of Necho II and father of Apries.
595–589 BC

Haaibre Wahibre (Apries)

Fled Egypt after Amasis II (who was a general at the time) declared himself pharaoh following a civil war. Son of Psamtik II.
589–570 BC

Khnemibre Ahmose II (Amasis II)

He was the last great ruler of Egypt before the Persian conquest. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, he was of common origins. Father of Psamtik III.
570–526 BC

Ankhkaenre Psamtik III (Psammetichus III)

Son of Amasis II. Ruled for about six months before being defeated by the Persians in the Battle of Pelusium and subsequently executed for attempting to revolt.
526–525 BC

text: Twenty-seventh Dynasty (first Persian period)[edit]

text: Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and constitutued a satrapy as part of this empire until 404 BC. The Achaemenid Shahanshahs were acknowledged as Pharaohs in this era, forming the 27th Dynasty:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Cambyses (Cambyses II)

Defeated Psamtik III at the Battle of Pelusium at 525 BC
525–521 BC

Smerdis (Bardiya)

Son of Cyrus the Great
522–521 BC

Petubastis III[83]

A native Egyptian rebel in the Delta
522/21–520 BC

Darius I the Great

-
521–486 BC

Psammetichus IV[83]

A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. Exact date uncertain.
possibly in the 480s BC

Xerxes I the Great

-Was Assasinated
486–465 BC

Artabanus the Hyrcanian

-
465–464 BC

Artaxerxes I Longhand

-
464–424 BC

Xerxes II

claimant
424–423 BC

Sogdianus

claimant
424–423 BC

Darius II

424–404 BC

text: Twenty-eighth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Amyrtaeus

Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians.
404–398 BC

text: Twenty-ninth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Baenre Nefaarud I

Also known as Nepherites. Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed.
399–393 BC

Khenemmaatre Hakor (Achoris)

Son of Nefaarud I.
c. 392–c. 391 BC

Psammuthes

Possibly dethroned Hakor for a year.
c. 391 BC

Hakor (restored)

Retook the throne from Psammuthes.
c. 390–c. 379 BC

Nefaarud II

Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. Son of Hakor.
c. 379 BC

text: Thirtieth Dynasty[edit]

text: The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once more came under Persian rule in 343 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Kheperkare Nekhtnebef (Nectanebo I)

Also known as Nekhtnebef. Deposed and likely killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of native Egyptians. Father of Teos.
c. 379–c. 361 BC

Irimaatenre Djedher (Teos)

Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of Sparta.
c. 361–c. 359 BC

Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II)

Last native ruler of ancient Egypt[84] to be recognized by Manetho.
c. 359–c. 342 BC

text: Thirty-first Dynasty (second Persian period)[edit]

text: Egypt again came under the control of the Achaemenid Persians. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Artaxerxes III

Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time
343–338 BC

Artaxerxes IV Arses

Only reigned in Lower Egypt
338–336 BC

Khababash

Rebel pharaoh who led an invasion in Nubia
338–335 BC

Darius III

Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC
336–332 BC

text: Hellenistic period[edit]

text: Argead Dynasty[edit]

text: The Macedonians under Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Setepenre-meryamun Alexander III (Alexander the Great)

Macedon conquered Persia and Egypt
332–323 BC

Philip III Arrhidaeus

Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander the Great
323–317 BC

Haaibre Alexander IV

Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana
317–309 BC

text: Ptolemaic Dynasty[edit]

text: The second Hellenistic dynasty, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency). The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII, who in modern times is known simply as Cleopatra who was successively the consort of Julius Caesar and after Caesar's death, of Mark Antony, and had children with both of them. Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans. Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on August 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus, but the historical evidence does not exist.

text:
Name
Image
Comments
Dates

Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy I Soter

Abdicated in 285 BC; died in 283 BC
305–285 BC

Berenice I

Wife of Ptolemy I
 ?–285 BC

Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy II Philadelphos

-
288–246 BC

Arsinoe I

Wife of Ptolemy II
284/281–c. 274 BC

Arsinoe II

Wife of Ptolemy II
277–270 BC

Ptolemy III Euergetes I

-
246–222 BC

Berenice II

Wife of Ptolemy III. Was Murdered.
244/243–222 BC

Ptolemy IV Philopator

-
222–204 BC

Arsinoe III

Wife of Ptolemy IV. Was Murdered.
220–204 BC

Hugronaphor

Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South
205–199 BC

Ankhmakis

Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South
199–185 BC

Ptolemy V Epiphanes

Upper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC
204–180 BC

Cleopatra I

Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority
193–176 BC

Ptolemy VI Philometor

Died 145 BC
180–164 BC

Cleopatra II

Wife of Ptolemy VI
175–164 BC

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II

Proclaimed king by Alexandrians in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Died 116 BC
171–163 BC

Ptolemy VI Philometor

Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BC
163–145 BC

Cleopatra II

Married Ptolemy VIII; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt.
163–127 BC

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator

Proclaimed co-ruler by father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II
145–144 BC

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II

Restored
145–131 BC

Cleopatra III

Second wife of Ptolemy VIII. Was murdered by her own son Ptolemy X.
142–131 BC

Ptolemy Memphitis

Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII
131 BC

Harsiesi

Revolutionary Pharaoh in the South
131–130 BC

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II

Restored
127–116 BC

Cleopatra III

Restored with Ptolemy VIII; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X.
127–107 BC

Cleopatra II

Reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy until 116.
124–116 BC

Ptolemy IX Soter II

Died 80 BC
116–110 BC

Cleopatra IV
Was Murdered.
Shortly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III
116–115 BC

Ptolemy X Alexander I

Died 88 BC
110–109 BC

Berenice III

Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later
81–80 BC

Ptolemy XI Alexander II

Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III
80 BC

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes)

Son of Ptolemy IX; died 51 BC
80–58 BC

Cleopatra V Tryphaena

Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV
79–68 BC

Cleopatra VI

Daughter of Ptolemy XII
58–57 BC

Berenice IV

Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but had him strangled. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC.
58–55 BC

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos

Restored; reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death
55–51 BC

Cleopatra VII

Jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply as Cleopatra
51–30 BC

Ptolemy XIII

Brother of Cleopatra VII
51–47 BC

Arsinoe IV

In opposition to Cleopatra VII
48–47 BC

Ptolemy XIV

Younger brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII
47–44 BC

Ptolemy XV

Infant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra. Last known ruler of ancient Egypt when Rome took over.
44–30 BC

text: Rome[edit]

text: Cleopatra VII had affairs with Roman Dictator Julius Caesar and Roman General Mark Antony, but it was not until after her suicide (after Marc Antony was defeated by Octavian, who would later be Emperor Augustus) that Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC. Subsequent Roman Emperors were accorded the title of Pharaoh, although exclusively while in Egypt. One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius. See the list of Roman Emperors.


document_title: Two-point conversion

question_text: who scored the national football league’s first two-point defensive conversion in 2015

question_tokens: who scored the national football league 's first two-point defensive conversion in 2015

root

text: Two-point conversion

text: Adoption of rule[edit]

text: The two-point conversion rule has been used in college football since 1958,[3][4] and more recently in Canadian amateur football and the Canadian Football League (1975).[5] In overtime situations in college football, the two-point conversion is the mandatory method of scoring after a touchdown beginning with the third overtime, and in the CFL it is mandatory at any point in overtime.

tag: p

text: The American Football League (AFL) used the two-point conversion during its ten seasons from 1960 to 1969. After the NFL merged with the AFL, the rule did not immediately carry over to the merged league, though they experimented in 1968 with a compromise rule (see below). The NFL adopted the two-point conversion rule in 1994.[6][7] Tom Tupa scored the first two-point conversion in NFL history, running in a faked extra point attempt for the Cleveland Browns in a game against the Cincinnati Bengals in the first week of the 1994 season. He scored a total of three such conversions that season, earning him the nickname "Two Point Tupa". That same season, the first successful two-point conversion in Super Bowl history came during Super Bowl XXIX when San Diego Charger Mark Seay caught a pass thrown by Stan Humphries.

text: The NFL's developmental league, NFL Europe (and its former entity, the World League of American Football), adopted the two-point conversion rule for its entire existence from 1991 through 2007.

text: Six-man football reverses the extra point and the two-point conversion: because there is no offensive line in that game variant, making kick protection more difficult, plays from scrimmage are worth one point but successful kicks are worth two. It is also reversed in many high school football and youth football leagues, since there are not often skilled kickers at that level.[citation needed] A variant of this, especially at the youth level, is to allow one point for a running conversion, two points for a passing conversion, and two points for a successful kick.

text: The Arena Football League has recognized the two-point conversion for its entire existence (in both its original 1987–2008 incarnation and its ongoing revival), allowing for either a play from scrimmage or a drop kick to be worth two points. (The additional extra point for a drop kick is unique to arena football.)

text: In 1968, leading up to the AFL-NFL merger, the leagues developed a radical "compromise" rule that would reconcile the fact that the NFL did not recognize the two-point conversion but the AFL did: the relatively easy extra point kick would be eliminated and only a play from scrimmage would score one point called a "Pressure Point". The rule would be used for the interleague matchups for that preseason, and would not be tried again. Both the World Football League and the XFL revived this concept, making it a point not to institute a two-point conversion rule so as to eliminate the easy kick. What would constitute a two-point conversion in other leagues only counted one point in the AFL-NFL games, WFL, or XFL. The WFL called it the "Action Point", used after touchdowns which the WFL counted as seven points. However, the XFL later added a rule in the playoffs that allowed the scoring team to score two (or even three) points by successfully executing a play from a point farther from the opponent's end zone (two points if the team could score from the five-yard line and three points if they could score from the ten-yard line).

text: During the summer of 2014, the conversion by place kick was under review by the NFL. This new format would award seven points for a touchdown without an extra point attempt, eight points with a successful conversion by running or passing, and six points with an unsuccessful attempt. This new format was proposed because of the almost certain probability of making a conversion by place kick (1,260 out of 1,265 for the 2013 season).[8] This proposal was never considered at the league owners' meeting in spring 2014; instead, the league used the first two weeks of its preseason for an experiment that moved extra point attempts back to the 20-yard line with the condition that if a team opted to attempt a two-point conversion instead, the line of scrimmage on the try would remain at the 2-yard line. The league adopted a slightly modified version of this rule starting with the 2015 season, with the line of scrimmage for extra-point kick attempts at the 15-yard line instead of the 20; that same year, the CFL also moved back its line of scrimmage for converts to the 25-yard line (while moving the scrimmage line for a two-point convert ahead two yards to the 3-yard line), thus making the length for an extra-point attempt the same length in both the NFL and CFL (taking into account the NFL positioning their goalposts on the end line, and the CFL's on the goal line).

text: Defensive two-point conversion[edit]

text: In American college, professional, and Canadian football (as well as, for a significant period of time, the Arena Football League, where missed extra points are rebounded back into the field of play), a conversion attempt where the defense gains possession of the ball can be returned by the defense to the other end zone to give the defensive team two points. The team that scored the touchdown then kicks off as normal. This is rare because of the infrequent use of the two-point conversion and the rarity of blocked conversion kicks, combined with the difficulty of returning the ball the full length of the field. It has proven the winning margin in some games. Only once has a player scored two defensive two-point conversions in a game: Tony Holmes of the Texas Longhorns in a 1998 Big 12 Conference game against the Iowa State Cyclones on October 3.

text: On May 19, 2015, the NFL owners adopted a proposal to permit a defensive two-point conversion for the 2015 season.[9][10]

text: Stephone Anthony of the New Orleans Saints became the first NFL player to score a defensive two-point conversion; he returned a blocked extra point kick from Graham Gano of the Carolina Panthers on December 6, 2015.[11]

text: On December 4, 2016, Eric Berry of the Kansas City Chiefs became the first NFL player to return an interception for a defensive two-point conversion; it was thrown by quarterback Matt Ryan of the Atlanta Falcons.[12]

text: The NCAA has allowed defensive two-point conversions in college football since the 1988 season.

text: High schools that follow the rules of the National Federation of State High School Associations (all U.S. high schools except those in Texas and Massachusetts, which use NCAA rules instead) do not allow defensive runbacks of recovered conversion attempts, and any recovery of the ball by the defense during the try is immediately blown dead and ruled merely as "no good."

text: Conversion safety[edit]

text: Rules in high school, college and professional football dictate that when a safety occurs during a two-point conversion or point-after kick (officially known in the rulebooks as a try), it is worth one point. It can be scored by the offense in college and professional football (following an NFL rule change in 2015) if the defense obtains possession of a live ball in the field of play, propels the ball (by carrying it or fumbling it) into its own end zone, and then is downed there with the defense in possession of the ball. This event has only occurred twice in NCAA Division I history. Before 2015, the only scenario in which a one-point safety could have been scored in the NFL would have involved the defense kicking or batting a loose ball out the back of the end zone without taking possession of it.[13]

text: A conversion safety could be earned by the defense if the offense retreated with the ball all the way back into its own end zone; most plausibly this would involve a fumble at some point during the play. Two potential scenarios include an errant snap or a fumble that is bobbled repeatedly until the offensive team recovers the ball in, or bats the ball through, its own end zone (similar situations have been documented in regular play from scrimmage[14] and are more likely in arena football with its much shorter, narrower and bounded field of play), or, in the college and professional game, a defender attempting a defensive two-point conversion, fumbling the ball and having the offensive team recover in their own end zone. Although such a conversion safety has never been scored by the defense, this rule provides the only way in American football that a team could finish the game with a score of one point. (Canadian football allows another one-point play called the single or rouge).[15]

text: The high school football rulebook acknowledges the conversion safety, awarding one point for it, but also immediately ends a play if the opposing team gains possession of the ball, a rule similar to the one the NFL used before 2015. Thus, any situation that requires the defense to gain possession of the ball could not result in a conversion safety in games where that rulebook is used.

text: Mathematical analysis of the two-point conversion[edit]

text: In 2007, blogger Eric Menhart analyzed the value of going for a two-point conversion compared to trying an extra-point kick in the National Football League, concluding that teams are better served kicking the extra point in most cases.[16] This was consistent with the results in the XFL, which had an average success rate of 40% for their one-point conversions (the XFL required scrimmage plays for one point and did not allow a kick-for-try). This counters Tuesday Morning Quarterback columnist Gregg Easterbrook's theory that, because on average five yards are gained on a typical scrimmage play, the two-point conversion would result in a greater average point return per conversion attempt. Furthermore, Easterbrook cites the Football Prospectus, which states that the average success rate on a two-point conversion is between 50% and 55%, depending on the historic time frame analyzed and the situations in which the conversion is attempted. Such situations usually involve goal-line defenses and are thus not typical scrimmage plays, resulting in shorter average gains. Regardless of the actual success rate, professional teams, preferring the near-certain single point, seldom attempt the two-point conversion, barring circumstances where converting for two points will “balance the score” or allow the team to tie or win the game.[16]

text: There is a relatively common game situation in which the two-point conversion can be an optimal strategy even if its likelihood is somewhat under 50%.[17] In this situation, a team down fourteen points in the final minutes must score two touchdowns while keeping its opponent scoreless in order to tie or win the game. The team could choose to go for two after the first score, because if successful, the team could then kick an extra point following the next score to secure a win. On the other hand, if the two-point conversion fails, the team still has a chance to succeed on the next two-point conversion to get to fourteen. As long as the probability of converting any individual two-point attempt is higher than 38.2% percent, it is optimal to adopt this strategy.[18] Notably, Texas Longhorns coach Darrell Royal successfully used this strategy to defeat Arkansas in 1969's Game of the Century.

text: The minimum probability of converting a two-point try either on the first attempt (securing a win) or the second (securing a tie in regulation time) must be higher than the maximum probability of missing both (securing a loss). This cross-over point occurs at a value of 38.2%. At this value, the probability of missing both is 0.618 × 0.618, or 38.19%. (The probability of failure to convert is "1 minus the probability of converting the two-point try", (1 − 0.382), or 0.618.)

text: Two-point conversion chart[edit]

text: This version of the two-point conversion chart was first developed by Dick Vermeil in the early 1970s when he was offensive coordinator under Tommy Prothro at UCLA. The chart is still used by coaches in determining whether to attempt a two-point or one-point conversion after a touchdown in various situations.[19][20] The score margin listed in the chart is the margin after the touchdown is scored, but before the conversion is attempted. (The chart shows that when a team trails by eight points after scoring a touchdown, the situational strategy born of desperation [as described above] contradicts it.) A study has shown that the success rate in the NFL between 1994 and 2012 was 44.8%.[21] In the Canadian Football League, the success rate has even been as high as 72%. With the 2015 NFL rule changes that require the offense to line up at the 15-yard line on an extra-point kick attempt and that allow the defense to possess the ball after a blocked kick or turnover and to score a defensive two-point conversion, this chart is subject to potential revision because of altered expectations of success.

text:
Lead By
Trail By

1 Point
Go For 2
1 Point
Go For 1

2 Points
Go For 1
2 Points
Go For 2

3 Points
Go For 1
3 Points
Go For 1

4 Points
Go For 2
4 Points
Go For 1

5 Points
Go For 2
5 Points
Go For 2

6 Points
Go For 1
6 Points
Go For 1

7 Points
Go For 1
7 Points
Go For 1

8 Points
Go For 1
8 Points
Go For 1

9 Points
Go For 1
9 Points
Go For 2

10 Points
Go For 1
10 Points
Go For 2

11 Points
Go For 1
11 Points
Go For 1

12 Points
Go For 2
12 Points
Go For 2

13 Points
Go For 1
13 Points
Go For 1

14 Points
Go For 1
14 Points
Go For 1

15 Points
Go For 2
15 Points
Go For 1

16 Points
Go For 1
16 Points
Go For 2

17 Points
Go For 1
17 Points
Go For 1

18 Points
Go For 1
18 Points
Go For 1

19 Points
Go For 2
19 Points
Go For 2

20 Points
Go For 1
20 Points
Go For 1

text: Arena and other indoor football[edit]

text: In indoor versions of the sport, a two-point conversion is scored after a touchdown in the manner described above; that is, by running a play from scrimmage from the two-yard line in which the ball carrier succeeds in crossing the goal line while in possession of the ball, or the receiver makes a valid reception in the end zone or crosses the goal line in possession of the ball after having caught it in the field of play. In Arena football only, a successful drop kicked conversion also counts as a two-point conversion.


document_title: The Strangers: Prey at Night

question_text: who plays in the movie strangers prey at night

text: The Strangers: Prey at Night

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a secluded trailer park in Salem, Arkansas, the three masked killers, The Walker family — Dollface, Pin Up Girl, and the Man in the Mask — arrive. Dollface kills a female occupant and then lies down in bed next to the woman's sleeping husband.

text: Mike and his wife Cindy take a family trip with their children, Luke and Kinsey, to their aunt's and uncle's trailer park to spend time together before Kinsey leaves for boarding school. After arriving, they meet an unmasked Dollface. She asks if Tamara is home but is turned away by Cindy. Kinsey and Luke stumble upon a trailer with the door open. Inside, they find their aunt and uncle, the couple from the beginning of the film, brutally murdered.

text: Back at the family trailer, Dollface visits a second time and is yet again turned away. Troubled by the encounter, Mike and Cindy find the kids, who are in hysterics. Mike follows Luke to find the bodies. Cindy and Kinsey return to the trailer to find their cell phones destroyed and a masked Dollface inside. Cindy helps Kinsey escape before being stabbed to death by Dollface.

text: Mike and Luke find the bodies and listen to the voicemail that Cindy left for their uncle earlier, realizing that the killers had heard the message and were waiting for them to arrive. They find Kinsey missing and Cindy dead. They drive their minivan around, shouting for Kinsey, but one of the killers causes Mike to have a car accident. Finding himself pinned to his seat, Mike tells Luke to find his sister. After Luke leaves, the Man in the Mask kills Mike with an ice pick.

text: Kinsey is attacked twice and stabbed by Dollface before being rescued by Luke. Luke hides her under a porch and goes to the general store to use the phone but is attacked by Pin Up Girl. He overpowers her and stabs her to death. The Man in the Mask stabs Luke in the back and leaves him to die. Kinsey finds Luke and pulls him out of the pool before setting off to find help. A sheriff finds Kinsey but is promptly killed by Dollface. Kinsey uses the sheriff's shotgun to shoot Dollface; she unmasks her, and as Dollface bleeds to death, she asks why they are attacking them. Dollface replies, "Why not?" Kinsey then kills Dollface by shooting her in the head with the shotgun. The Man in the Mask arrives in his truck as Kinsey starts the sheriff's SUV. She uses her lighter to ignite a gasoline leak and both vehicles explode.

text: The Man in the Mask survives and pursues her in his truck, now engulfed in flames. He exits the truck to attack her but falls to the ground. Kinsey flags down a mother and son in a pickup truck, but they attempt to flee when they see the Man in the Mask. Kinsey manages to climb into the bed of the truck, along with the Man in the Mask. Kinsey knocks him off of the truck by hitting him in the head with a baseball bat. The Man in the Mask is last seen lying in the road, seemingly dead.

text: Some time later, Luke is recovering in a hospital bed as Kinsey awakens from a nightmare. As she gets up to fill a cup of water, she hears a familiar knocking on the door.

text: Alternate ending[edit]

text: This scene is on the DVD as a deleted scene in the Special Features section. As Kinsey gets up to fill her cup of water, she hears a knock on the door. When she opens it, she is greeted by an empty hallway. She hears the scrape of an ax coming toward her, hinting that the Man in the Mask is still alive. The lights in the hospital room go out and she screams.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bailee Madison as Kinsey
Christina Hendricks as Cindy
Martin Henderson as Mike
Lewis Pullman as Luke
Emma Bellomy as Dollface[8]
Damian Maffei as Man in the Mask
Lea Enslin as Pin-Up Girl
Leah Roberts as Young Mother

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Rogue Pictures' producers announced that a sequel to The Strangers was in development in August 2008, tentatively titled The Strangers: Part II.[9][10] In a 2009 listing published by Bloody Disgusting, it was reported that the script would be written by Bryan Bertino and the film directed by Laurent Briet.[11][12] In 2010, the horror website Shock Till You Drop reported that Relativity Media put The Strangers: Part II on hold because they decided the film might not be in their interest, despite the fact that Universal Pictures was willing to distribute it.[12] However, Rogue Pictures confirmed in January 2011 that the sequel was again in production, and was then scheduled to begin filming as early as April 2011; in a press release, Rogue revealed the plot would concern "a family of four who have been evicted from their home due to the economy, and are paid a visit by the same three strangers from the first film."[12][13]

text: According to Liv Tyler, star of the original film, Part II was slated for release in 2014, but that did not occur.[14][12] In 2015, The Wrap reported that the sequel was in production, and that Relativity Media and GK Films had scheduled the film for a December 2, 2016, release date, though it was later removed from the schedule.[15][16]

text: Roberts said that while he was in Los Angeles, the producers of 47 Meters Down met him for dinner and asked if he could read a script called Prey At Night. He liked the script and wondered if he wanted to get involved in a sequel despite having released the first film years before but finally accepted and decided to add his personal touch.[17]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In February 2017, it was announced that Johannes Roberts would be the sequel's new director, and that filming would commence during the summer of the same year.[18] In May 2017, Christina Hendricks,[19] Bailee Madison, and Lewis Pullman were reported as the film's stars,[20] and production began in Los Angeles on May 30.[21] In June 2017, it was announced Martin Henderson had also joined the cast.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in June 2017 in Covington, Kentucky,[22] and concluded on July 10, 2017.

text: Release[edit]

text: On October 12, 2017, Collider reported the film would be released on March 9, 2018, by Aviron Pictures.[23] A teaser trailer for the film was released on November 16, 2017.[24] The official trailer debuted on January 5, 2018.[25]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Strangers: Prey at Night was released alongside The Hurricane Heist, Gringo and A Wrinkle in Time, and was projected to gross around $7 million from 2,464 theaters in its opening weekend.[26] It made $4 million on its first day, including $610,000 from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $10.4 million, finishing third at the box office behind Black Panther and A Wrinkle in Time.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 37% based on 97 reviews, and an average rating of 4.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Strangers: Prey at Night may appeal to fans of the original who've been jonesing for a sequel, but its thin story and ironic embrace of genre tropes add up to a bloody step back."[27] On Metacritic, which assigns normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[28] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale, down from the "B–" given to the first film.[2]

text: Bloody Disgusting gave the film a positive review, saying, "The Strangers: Prey At Night really takes The Strangers to the next level, and serves as a perfect introduction to The Strangers for new horror fans. You can go back and watch The Strangers and be just as happy for their previous relentless onslaughts”.[3] IGN also praised the film, writing that "Skillfully made, spooky, stylish, and featuring some quite good character work, The Strangers: Prey at Night stands much taller than the 2008 original. The central killers are plenty scary, and some of the images on display would make John Carpenter proud."[4] Writing for /Film, Candice Frederick gave the film a 7/10, writing that "Though its characters may fumble and its winks to the first film may not be as slick as I’d like them to be, Prey at Night does maintain the original commitment of presenting horror to the most mundane. It doesn’t just disrupt an innocent setting of a quiet suburb...It is that relentless seclusion, heightened by a haunting soundtrack of otherwise harmless songs."[5]

text: Brian Douglas from The Hollywood Reporter praised the tone of the film, writing, "While the original Strangers was devoid of any sense of the 80s, instead opting for a kind of timeless modern quality, Roberts’ sequel boasts its stylistic debts, with everything from camera shots, and music choices culled from the 80s, forming an impressionistic collage of a time period that feels made for the big-screen."[6] Staci Wilson writing for Dread Central also praised the film, writing “Aside from the quick setup introducing the targets, The Strangers: Prey at Night really is a nonstop thrill ride. I know it’s a cliché, but sometimes you’ve just got to call it as you see it. I was breathless from start to finish. Kudos to Roberts on his best movie yet! He was wise to amp up the atmosphere with a kick-ass original score and flawless cinematography."[7]

text: Glenn Kenny of The New York Times gave the film a mixed review and compared sequences of the film to Lucio Fulci's Zombi and the slasher film The Mutilator, adding: "If you recognize those films, you might find yourself mildly diverted by this tawdry, occasionally effective shock-delivery device. Watching it with a demonstrative crowd in a Times Square theater proved to this former grindhouse devotee that sometimes you can go home again, at least momentarily. That said, the movie’s ludicrously drawn-out finale sapped the good will out of some of my fellow audience members."[29] Kimber Myers of the Los Angeles Times also gave the film a mixed review and wrote that “...although the film is as slim and poorly balanced as a cheap knife, The Strangers: Prey at Night is a stylish 1980s throwback that packs plenty of terror into its short running time. This isn't a horror movie that will take up residence in your nightmares for weeks, but the sequel to the solid 2008 original The Strangers is nonetheless just as effective in the short term as its well-made counterparts”.[30] Owen Gleiberman, writing for Variety, described the film as "Friday the 13th with four victims and three Jasons... [it's] shameless in its bluntly misanthropic family-of-lambs-to-the-slaughter violence, its blithe depravity that’s more fetishized than felt. It doesn’t take much, though — as it didn’t in the ’80s — to create a one-weekend horror hit."[31]

text: The Guardian's Benjamin Lee gave the film more of a negative review, rating the film 2/5 stars despite praising Hendricks' performance, noting: "...it’s just difficult to really invest in what happens to any of them. Before long, characters are all making stock horror movie decisions, and there’s no amount of effective craftsmanship that can sell stupidity. Audience members will be too busy sighing at the screen to be scared."[32]


document_title: Treaty of Lagos

question_text: the lagos treaty of may 28th 1975 led to the formation of the

text: Treaty of Lagos

text: The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created by the Treaty of Lagos on May 28, 1975, in Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. ECOWAS was established to promote cooperation and integration in order to create an economic and monetary union for promoting economic growth and development in West Africa.

text: State parties[edit]

text:
Benin
 Burkina Faso
 Cape Verde
 Gambia
 Ghana
 Guinea-Bissau
 Liberia
 Mali
 Nigeria
 Senegal
 Sierra Leone
 Togo
 Guinea – suspended from Community after 2008 coup d'état[1][2]
 Niger – suspended from Community after 2009 auto-coup[3]
 Ivory Coast - suspended from Community after 2010 elections[4]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ AU Stänger av Guinea.
Jump up ^ "African Union bars Guinea on coup" bbc.co.uk 29 December 2008 Link accessed 29/12/08
Jump up ^ "Regional group suspends Niger on disputed election". news.yahoo.com 20 October 2009
Jump up ^ "Cote d'Ivoire expelled from Ecowas". aljazeera.net 7 December 2010

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document_title: DuckTales (2017 TV series)

question_text: when does episode 2 of ducktales come out

text: DuckTales (2017 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: After not speaking to each other for ten years, Scrooge McDuck is reunited with Donald Duck after he asks Scrooge to watch his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie for the day. The presence of the newcomers rekindles Scrooge's spirit of adventure, leading the group to go on many new treasure-hunting expeditions, while the nephews and their new friend Webby seek the truth behind their uncle's broken relationship and the mysterious disappearance of their mother Della Duck.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: The show's main voice cast include:[5]

text:
David Tennant as Scrooge McDuck
Danny Pudi as Huey Duck
Ben Schwartz as Dewey Duck
Bobby Moynihan as Louie Duck
Kate Micucci as Webby Vanderquack
Beck Bennett as Launchpad McQuack
Toks Olagundoye as Mrs. Beakley
Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck

text: Production[edit]

text: Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones grew up watching the original series and had always wanted to develop an updated version for a newer generation. Youngberg said, "We're hoping that in thirty years, the kids who watch our show will then be bringing back the next version of DuckTales because they loved what we did so much."[6]

text: In May 2015, Terry McGovern, the original voice of Launchpad McQuack, stated in an interview that the entire voice cast from the original series would not be returning for the reboot, which made him "heartsick" at the news.[7] The new voice cast for the series was revealed on December 16, 2016 in a video where they sing an a cappella version of the original theme song in promotion of the news.[8][9][10] The following May, Lin-Manuel Miranda was announced as the voice of Fenton Crackshell / Gizmoduck.[11] The character was changed to being Latino due to Lin-Manuel's heritage and because Angones felt that there were not enough positive Latino superheroes.[6] In June, more cast members, including Tony Anselmo reprising his role as Donald Duck, were announced,[12]and during the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Disney announced that Darkwing Duck would also make an appearance in the TV series.[13]

text: The art style of the show is heavily influenced not just by Carl Barks' original Uncle Scrooge comics, but also some of Barks' paintings.[14][1] The theme song, written by Mark Mueller for the 1987 series, was re-recorded for the 2017 reboot.[15] It was arranged by Michael “Smidi” Smithand and TJ Stafford and sung by Felicia Barton.[16]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Storyboard by
Original air date
Prod.
code [17]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Woo-oo!"[a]
Dana Terrace
John Aoshima
Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Noelle Stevenson, Madison Bateman, Nate Federman, Matt Youngberg
Teleplay by : Francisco Angones
Emmy Cicierega, Ben Holm, Jason Reicher
David Baker, Matthew Humphreys, Tanner Johnson
August 12, 2017 (2017-08-12)
101–102
0.28[19][b]

Donald Duck reluctantly leaves his nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie with his estranged uncle Scrooge McDuck, while he goes on a job interview. After Scrooge locks the boys into a room for making fun of him, the triplets come across Webby Vanderquack who befriends them and shows off a collection of relics and artifacts that Scrooge and Donald found, only to accidentally release various ancients evils housed in them. After the kids help him to contain them, Scrooge finds his thirst for adventure rekindled and decides to take all, along with his pilot Launchpad McQuack, to find the Lost Jewel of Atlantis. However, the group are unaware that Scrooge's rival, Flintheart Glomgold (guest star Keith Ferguson), seeks the jewel and has hired Donald as his sailor, leading to a race against time to claim the relic. In the end, Donald and the boys move into McDuck Manor after an accident loses them their houseboat. Visiting Scrooge’s collection, Dewey discovers a painting of Scrooge, Donald, and the triplets' long lost mother, Della.

2
"Daytrip of Doom!"
Dana Terrace
Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Bob Snow, Matt Youngberg, Madison Bateman, Christian Magalhaes, Rachel Vine
Teleplay by : Rachel Vine
Emmy Cicierega, Ben Holm, Jason Reicher
September 23, 2017 (2017-09-23)
103
0.34[21]

While visiting Funso's Fun Zone, Huey, Dewey, Louie and Webby are kidnapped by the Beagle Boys (guest star Eric Bauza) in an attempt to ransoming them off to Scrooge, much to the disapproval of Ma Beagle (guest star Margo Martindale). As the bickering Donald and Mrs. Beakley join forces to rescue the children, Webby proves to the boys how resourceful she is.

3
"The Great Dime Chase!"
John Aoshima
Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Bob Snow, Madison Bateman, Christian Magalhaes, Matt Youngberg
Teleplay by : Madison Bateman
David Baker, Matthew Humphreys, Tanner Johnson
September 23, 2017 (2017-09-23)
105
0.41[21]

When Louie accidentally spends Scrooge's Number One Dime in order to purchase a soda, he decides to use Gyro Gearloose's (guest star Jim Rash) robotic lightbulb, Little Bulb, to get it back, causing it to become a giant coin-collecting robot. Meanwhile, Dewey and Webby struggles with the cryptic riddles of the McDuck Archives keeper Mrs. Quackfaster (guest star Susanne Blakeslee) in order to gain information on Della Duck.

4
"The Beagle Birthday Massacre!"
Dana Terrace
Story by : Francisco Angones, Colleen Evanson,
Bob Snow, Madison Bateman, Christian Magalhaes
Teleplay by : Bob Snow
Emmy Cicierega, Ben Holm, Jason Reicher
September 30, 2017 (2017-09-30)
106
0.38[22]

After crashing Ma Beagle’s birthday party, Webby and cool girl Lena (guest star Kimiko Glenn) become friends. The extended Beagle clan eventually get their hands on Lena, but with the help of Huey, Dewey and Louie, Webby sets her free. Afterwards, in private, Lena is seen using magic to summon a shadow, calling it "aunt Magica".

5
"Terror of the Terra-firmians!"
Matthew Humphreys
Tom Owens
Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Christian Magalhaes
David Baker, Tom Owens, Vaughn Tada, Brandon Warren
October 7, 2017 (2017-10-07)
110
0.39[23]

After seeing a scary movie, Huey, Webby, and Lena explore an abandoned subway line in search of legendary creatures and end up trapped there with the others. As they attempt to escape to the surface, Launchpad becomes more and more paranoid from the movie, and Lena struggles to gain Mrs. Beakley's trust, while secretly receiving instructions from Magica (guest star Catherine Tate).

6
"The House of the Lucky Gander!"
Matthew Humphreys
Tom Owens
Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Christian Magalhaes
Dalton E. Grant Jr.
Vaughn Tada
Brandon Warren
October 14, 2017 (2017-10-14)[c]
107
0.34[26]

On their search for The Temple of the Golden Cricket, Scrooge, the nephews, Webby, and Donald make a stop at a casino resort in Macaw to meet Donald's cousin Gladstone Gander (guest star Paul F. Tompkins), only to discover that ancient spirit Toad Liu Hai (guest star B. D. Wong) is holding him hostage because of his massive amount of good luck.

7
"The Infernal Internship of Mark Beaks!"
John Aoshima
Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Colleen Evanson
Mark Garcia
Matthew Humphreys
Tanner Johnson
October 21, 2017 (2017-10-21)[c]
108
0.32[27]

Huey and Dewey compete against each other to get the coveted internship of Duckburg's tech mogul and up-and-coming billionaire Mark Beaks (guest star Josh Brener). Meanwhile, Scrooge reluctantly teams up with Glomgold to stop Beaks, and industrial spy Falcon Graves (guest star Robin Atkin Downes) arrives to gain control of Beak's top secret Project Ta-Dah.

8
"The Living Mummies of Toth-Ra!"
Dana Terrace
Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow
Teleplay by : Madison Bateman
Emmy Cicierega
Ben Holm
Jason Reicher
October 28, 2017 (2017-10-28)
109
0.29[28]

Scrooge, Huey, Dewey, Louie, Webby and Launchpad enter an Egyptian pyramid, in search for the treasures of mummified pharaoh Toth-Ra and fall into a trap involving them to split up. Louie and Webby become captives of Toth-Ra (guest star Bassem Youssef), and the rest of the group try to gain the support of Amunet (guest star Cree Summer), the leader of the descendants of the pharaoh's original servants.

9
"The Impossible Summit of Mt. Neverrest!"
Tom Owens
Matt Youngberg
Story by : Francisco Angones, Madison Bateman, Colleen Evanson, Christian Magalhaes, Bob Snow, Noelle Stevenson, Matt Youngberg
Teleplay by : Francisco Angones & Noelle Stevenson
Mark Garcia
Dalton E. Grant Jr.
Kalvin Lee
Calvin Suggs
December 2, 2017 (2017-12-02)
104[29]
0.40[30]

Scrooge, the nephews, Webby, and Launchpad spend their Christmas attempting to climb to the top of the fabled Mt. Neverrest.

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The 44 minute pilot, titled Woo-oo!, premiered on August 12 at 12:00am EST and was repeated consecutively for the next 24 hours. Two days later on August 14, the pilot was also released on YouTube.[31] The pilot also aired on Disney Channel on September 17, 2017.[32] The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary.[33]

text: In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017.[34][35] In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017.[36] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017 and the full series will debut in early 2018.[37]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On March 10, 2017, a trailer for the series aired on Disney Channel during the premiere of Tangled: Before Ever After, and on June 14, 2017, the title sequence for the series, featuring a re-recording of the theme song written by Mark Mueller and performed by Felicia Barton, was released.[38]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A DVD titled Woo-oo! was released on December 12, 2017.[39]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has a 100% rating.[40] IGN's Chris Hayner gave the series premiere, Woo-oo!, a score of 8.5 out of 10, stating that the reboot "may be aimed at modern young audiences but there's no denying the heart and adventurous spirit it gets from the original series."[41]

text: Comic book[edit]

text: An ongoing comic series based on the show is being published by IDW Publishing, with Joe Caramagna serving as writer.[42] Ducktales #0 was released on July 19, 2017, and #1 of the monthly series followed on September 27.[43]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ This is an hour-long episode. When aired as two half-hour episodes, the second half is re-titled "Escape to/from Atlantis".[18]
Jump up ^ This is the total viewers number only for the first hour of the event (12:00 AM to 1:00 AM). The entire 24-hour premiere event reached 5.4 million total viewers.[20]
^ Jump up to: a b On Disney XD Canada, the episodes "The Infernal Internship of Mark Beaks!" and "The House of the Lucky Gander!" aired in an inverted order, on October 14, 2017[24] and October 21, 2017[25] respectively.