document_title: Reserved political positions in India

question_text: when did the british government allot separate electorates to scheduled caste

text: Reserved political positions in India

text: Definition[edit]

text: An electorate is a group of voters, namely, all the officially qualified voters within a particular country or area or for a particular election.

text: A joint electorate is one where the entire voting population of a country or region is part of a single electorate, and the entire electorate votes for the candidates who contest in the elections.

text: In the case of separate electorates, the voting population of a country or region is divided into different electorates, based on certain factors such as religion, caste, gender, and occupation. Here, members of each electorate votes only to elected representatives for their electorate. Separate electorates are usually demanded by minorities who feel it would otherwise be difficult for them to get fair representation in government. For example, separate electorate for Muslims means that Muslims will choose their separate leader by separate elections for Muslims.[1]

text: Under the British Raj[edit]

text: In India’s pre-independence era, when the Muslims in India demanded fair representation in power-sharing with the British government along with the Hindus in 1906, the British government provided for a separate electorate system for the Muslims in Indian Council Act 1909. As a result, of the total 250 seats of the Bengal Legislative Assembly, 117 seats were kept reserved for the Muslims. Accordingly, the general elections of 1937 were held on the basis of the extended separate electorates, where only the Muslims voted for the 117 seats, in Bengal.

text: Again, in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32, the concept of separate electorates for the so-called Untouchables (now called SC/ST) was raised by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, as a way to ensure sufficient representation for the minority SC/ST communities, in government. This provision was strongly opposed by Gandhi on the grounds that the move would disintegrate Hindu society. If the SC/ST communities were given a separate electorate, then certain constituencies would have been reserved for them, and only the people belonging to SC/ST communities would have been able to vote for the candidates contesting those seats, thus alienating the rest of the Hindus. Finally, a compromise was reached with Ambedkar and Gandhi with the Poona Pact in which the parties agreed that certain constituencies would be reserved for the SC/ST communities, where the people belonging to SC/ST communities could elect 4 candidates per constituency who would then be candidates for election by the joint electorate.

text: After Independence[edit]

text: Anglo-Indian seats[edit]

text: The Anglo-Indian community is the only Indian community that has its own representatives nominated to the Lok Sabha (Lower House) in India's Parliament. This right was secured from Nehru by Frank Anthony, the first and longtime president of the All India Anglo-Indian Association. The community is represented by two members. This is done because the community has no native state of its own. States like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal also have a nominated member each in their respective State Legislatures.

text: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes[edit]

text: A number of seats in the Parliament of India, State Assemblies, Municipalities and Village level institutions are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). The election of SC and ST candidates is by a Joint or mixed electorate, which includes all castes, even though the SC and ST may be in a minority in the constituency[citation needed]. This system was introduced by the Constitution of India in 1950 and was supposed to be in place for the first 10 years, to ensure participation in politics by these groups which were deemed weak and needing special protection[citation needed].

text: In practice, out of 543 constituencies represented in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's parliament, 85 (15.47%) are reserved for SC and 48 (8.66%) are reserved for ST.

text: Allocation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made on the basis of proportion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned to that of the total population, provide provision contained in Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with Section 3 of the R. P. Act, 1950[citation needed].

text: Women[edit]

text: Women get one-third reservation in Gram Panchayats (meaning Village Assembly, which is a form of local village government) and Municipal elections. There is a long-term plan to extend this reservation to Parliament and State Legislative assemblies. The Women's Reservation Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 9 March 2010 by a majority vote of 186 members in favour and 1 against. It will now go to the Lok Sabha, and if passed there, would be implemented.


document_title: The Matrix Reloaded

question_text: who is the guy at the end of matrix reloaded

root

text: The Matrix Reloaded

text: Plot[edit]

text: Six months after the events of the first film, Neo (Keanu Reeves) and Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) are now romantically involved. Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) receives a message from Captain Niobe (Jada Pinkett Smith) of the Logos calling an emergency meeting of all of Zion's ships. Zion has confirmed the last transmission of the Osiris: an army of Sentinels is tunneling towards Zion and will reach it within 72 hours. Commander Lock (Harry Lennix) orders all ships to return to Zion to prepare for the onslaught, but Morpheus asks one ship to remain in order to contact the Oracle (Gloria Foster). The Caduceus receives a message from the Oracle, and the Nebuchadnezzar ventures out so Neo can contact her. One of the Caduceus crew, Bane (Ian Bliss), encounters Agent Smith (Hugo Weaving), who absorbs his avatar whilst killing him in the process. Smith then uses this avatar to leave the Matrix, gaining control of Bane's real body.

tag: p

text: In Zion, Morpheus announces the news of the advancing machines to the people. Neo receives a message from the Oracle and returns to the Matrix to meet her bodyguard Seraph (Collin Chou), who then leads him to her. After realizing that the Oracle is part of the Matrix, Neo asks how he can trust her; she replies that it is his decision. The Oracle instructs Neo to reach the Source of the Matrix by finding the Keymaker (Randall Duk Kim), a prisoner of the Merovingian (Lambert Wilson). As the Oracle departs, Smith appears, telling Neo that after being defeated, he refused to be deleted, and is now a rogue program. He demonstrates his ability to clone himself using other inhabitants of the Matrix, including other Agents, as hosts. He then tries to absorb Neo as a host, but fails, prompting a battle between Smith's clones and Neo. Neo manages to defend himself, but is forced to retreat from the increasingly overwhelming numbers.

text: Neo, Morpheus, and Trinity visit the Merovingian and ask for the Keymaker, but the Merovingian refuses. His wife Persephone (Monica Bellucci), seeking revenge on her husband for his infidelity, betrays him and leads the trio to the Keymaker. The Merovingian soon arrives with his men. Morpheus, Trinity and the Keymaker escape, while Neo holds off the Merovingian's servants. Morpheus and Trinity try to escape with the Keymaker on the freeway, facing several Agents and the Twins, the Merovingian's chief henchmen. Morpheus defeats the Twins, Trinity escapes, and Neo flies in to save Morpheus and the Keymaker from Agent Johnson. In the real world, Zion's remaining ships prepare to battle the machines. Within the Matrix, the crews of the Nebuchadnezzar, Vigilant and Logos help the Keymaker and Neo reach the door to the Source.

text: The crew of the Logos must destroy a power plant to prevent a security system from being triggered, and the crew of the Vigilant must destroy a back-up power station. The Logos succeeds, while the Vigilant is bombed by a Sentinel in the real world, killing everyone on board. Although Neo asked Trinity to remain on the Nebuchadnezzar, she enters the Matrix to replace the Vigilant crew and complete their mission. However, her escape is compromised by Agent Thompson, and they fight. As Neo, Morpheus, and the Keymaker try to reach the Source, the Smiths appear and attack them. The Keymaker unlocks the door to the Source, allowing Neo and Morpheus to enter and escape from the Smiths, but the Smiths shoot the Keymaker dead while he tries to close the door to the Source. Neo enters a door and meets a program called the Architect, the creator of the Matrix.

text: The Architect explains that Neo is part of the design of the sixth iteration of Matrix, designed to stop the fatal system crash that naturally occurs due to the concept of human choice. As with the five previous Ones, Neo can choose either to return to the Source with his unique code to reboot the Matrix and pick survivors to begin to repopulate the soon-to-be-destroyed Zion, or cause the Matrix to crash and kill everyone connected to it; combined with Zion's destruction, this would mean mankind's extinction. Neo learns of Trinity's situation and chooses to save her instead. As she falls off a building, getting shot in the process, Neo flies in and catches her; Thompson is killed in the process. He then by phasing his hand into her body and removes a bullet from her body, restarting her heart and reviving her from death. Back in the real world, Sentinels destroy the Nebuchadnezzar. Neo displays a new ability to disable the machines with his thoughts, but falls into a coma from the effort. The crew are picked up by another ship, the Hammer. Its captain, Roland, reveals the other ships were wiped out by the machines after someone activated an EMP too early, and that they found only one survivor afterwards—revealed to be the Smith-possessed Bane.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Keanu Reeves as Neo
Laurence Fishburne as Morpheus
Hugo Weaving as Agent Smith
Carrie-Anne Moss as Trinity
Jada Pinkett Smith as Niobe
Gloria Foster as the Oracle
Harold Perrineau as Link
Monica Bellucci as Persephone
Lambert Wilson as the Merovingian
Randall Duk Kim as the Keymaker
Harry Lennix as Commander Lock
Anthony Zerbe as Councillor Hamann
Nona Gaye as Zee
Helmut Bakaitis as the Architect
Neil and Adrian Rayment as the Twins
Daniel Bernhardt as Agent Johnson
Collin Chou as Seraph
Ian Bliss as Bane
Leigh Whannell as Axel
Gina Torres as Cas
Nathaniel Lees as Captain Mifune
Roy Jones, Jr. as Captain Ballard
David A. Kilde as Agent Jackson
Matt McColm as Agent Thompson
Cornel West as Councillor West
Steve Bastoni as Captain Soren
Anthony Wong as Ghost
Clayton Watson as Kid
Tiger Chen as the Merovingian's Ronin

tag: ul

text: Zee was originally played by Aaliyah, who died in a plane crash on August 25, 2001, before filming was complete, requiring her scenes to be reshot with actress Nona Gaye.[7][8]

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The Matrix Reloaded was largely filmed at Fox Studios in Australia, filming began on March 1st, 2001 and ended on August 21st, 2002, concurrently with filming of the sequel, Revolutions. The freeway chase and "Burly Brawl" scenes were filmed at the decommissioned Naval Air Station Alameda in Alameda, California. The producers constructed a 1.5-mile freeway on the old runways specifically for the film. Some portions of the chase were also filmed in Oakland, California, and the tunnel shown briefly is the Webster Tube, which connects Oakland and Alameda. Some post-production editing was also done in old aircraft hangars on the base as well. The city of Akron, Ohio was willing to give full access to Route 59, the stretch of freeway known as the "Innerbelt", for filming of the freeway chase when it was under consideration. However, producers decided against this as "the time to reset all the cars in their start position would take too long".[9] MythBusters would later reuse the Alameda location in order to explore the effects of a head-on collision between two semi trucks, and to perform various other experiments. Around 97% of the materials from the sets of the film were recycled after production was completed; for example, tons of wood were sent to Mexico to build low-income housing.[10] Some scenes from the film Baraka by Ron Fricke were selected to represent the real world shown by the wallmonitors in the Architect's room.[citation needed] The scene where The Oracle (Gloria Foster) appears was filmed before her death on September 29, 2001.

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Following the success of the previous film, the Wachowskis came up with extremely difficult action sequences, such as the Burly Brawl, a scene in which Neo had to fight 100 Smiths. To develop technologies for the film, Warner Bros. launched ESC Entertainment.[11] The ESC team tried to figure out how to bring the Wachowskis' vision to the screen, but because the bullet time required arrays of carefully aligned cameras and months of planning, even for a brief scene featuring two or three actors, a scene like the Burly Brawl as the brothers envision would require more so, and even take years of compositing. Eventually John Gaeta realized that the technology he and his crew had developed for The Matrix's bullet time was no longer sufficient and concluded they needed a virtual camera (in other words, a simulation of a camera). Having before used real photographs of building as texture for 3D models in The Matrix, the team started digitizing all data, such as scenes, characters' motions, or even the reflectivity of Neo's cassock. The reflectivity of objects needs to be captured and simulated adequately and Paul Debevec et al. captured the reflectance of the human face and Borshukov's work was strongly based on the findings of Debevec et al. They developed "Universal Capture", a process which samples and stores facial details and expressions at high resolution, then capture expressions from Reeves and Weaving using dense aka. markerless capture and multi-camera setup (similar to the bullet time rig) photogrammetric capture technique called optical flow.[12] The algorithm for Universal Capture was written by George Borshukov, visual effects lead at ESC, who had also created the photo-realistic buildings for the visual effects in The Matrix. With this collected wealth of data and the right algorithms, they finally were able to create virtual cinematography in which characters, locations, and events can all be created digitally and viewed through virtual cameras, eliminating the restrictions of real cameras, years of compositing data, and replacing the use of still camera arrays or, in some scenes, cameras altogether. The ESC team render the final effects using the program mental ray.[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: Don Davis, who composed for The Matrix, returned to score Reloaded. For many of the pivotal action sequences, such as the "Burly Brawl", he collaborated with Juno Reactor. Some of the collaborative cues by Davis and Juno Reactor are extensions of material by Juno Reactor; for example, a version of "Komit" featuring Davis' strings is used during a flying sequence, and "Burly Brawl" is essentially a combination of Davis' unused "Multiple Replication" and a piece similar to Juno Reactor's "Masters of the Universe". One of the collaborations, "Mona Lisa Overdrive", is titled in reference to the cyberpunk novel of the same name by William Gibson, a major influence on the directors.

text: Leitmotifs established in The Matrix return — such as the Matrix main theme, Neo and Trinity's love theme, the Sentinel's theme, Neo's flying theme, and a more frequent use of the four-note Agent Smith theme — and others used in Revolutions are established.

text: As with its predecessor, many tracks by external musicians are featured in the movie, its closing credits, and the soundtrack album, some of which were written for the film. Many of the musicians featured, for example Rob Zombie, Rage Against the Machine and Marilyn Manson, had also appeared on the soundtrack for The Matrix. Rob Dougan also re-contributed, licensing the instrumental version of "Furious Angels", as well as being commissioned to provide an original track, ultimately scoring the battle in the Merovingian's chateau. A remixed version of "Slap It" by electronic artist Fluke — listed on the soundtrack as "Zion" — was used during the rave scene.

text: Linkin Park contributed their instrumental song "Session" to the film as well, although it did not appear during the course of the film. P.O.D. composed a song called "Sleeping Awake", with a music video which focused heavily on Neo, as well as many images that were part of the film. Both songs played during the film's credits.

text: It was originally planned for the electronic band Röyksopp to create the soundtrack, but this offer was turned down.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film earned an estimated $5 million during Wednesday night previews in North America. Reloaded grossed $37.5 million on its Thursday opening day in North America from 3,603 theaters, which was the second highest opening day after Spider-Man's $39.4 million and highest for a Thursday. The film earned $91.7 million in its first weekend,[14] and ultimately grossed $281.5 million in the US, and $742.1 million worldwide. The film sold an estimated 46,695,900 tickets in North America.[15]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Reloaded received a Rotten Tomatoes approval rating of 73%, based on 239 reviews, with a weighted average score of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus states: "Though its heady themes are a departure from its predecessor, The Matrix Reloaded is a worthy sequel packed with popcorn-friendly thrills."[16] The film's rating on Metacritic is 62%, based on 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[17] However, Entertainment Weekly named it as one of "The 25 Worst Sequels Ever Made".[18]

text: Some positive comments from critics included commendation for the quality and intensity of its action sequences,[19] and its intelligence.[20] Tony Toscano of Talking Pictures had high praise for the film, saying that "its character development and writing...is so crisp it crackles on the screen" and that "Matrix Reloaded re-establishes the genre and even raises the bar a notch or two" above the first film, The Matrix.[21]

text: On the other hand, negative comments included the sentiment that the plot was alienating,[22][23] with some critics regarding the focus on the action as a detriment to the film's human elements.[24][25] Some critics thought that the number of scenes with expository dialog worked against the film,[26][27] and the many unresolved subplots, as well as the cliffhanger ending, were also criticized.[28] Other criticisms included the film's perceived lack of pacing.[29]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The film was initially banned in Egypt because of the violent content and because it put into question issues about human creation, "which are related to the three divine religions, which we all respect and believe in."[30]


document_title: Ottawa Redblacks

question_text: when did the ottawa rough riders become the ottawa redblacks

text: Ottawa Redblacks

text: Team facts[edit]

text: History[edit]

text: The Ottawa Renegades abruptly ceased operations prior to the 2006 CFL season. The league liquidated the Renegades roster in a dispersal draft and placed the Ottawa CFL franchise up for sale, with the intent of eventually returning to the city.[7]

text: Legislative and construction hurdles[edit]

text: On March 25, 2008, Jeff Hunt, the owner of the Ontario Hockey League's Ottawa 67's spearheaded a group that was awarded a franchise. The team planned to begin play in 2010, but cracks in the concrete structure in the south stands of Frank Clair Stadium led to the demolition of those stands and delayed the start of team operations. The league then set a new date of 2013 for the team's debut, but lawsuits forced the delay of reconstruction of the stadium to be pushed back even further.[8] The team and league then announced plans to play at a remodelled Frank Clair Stadium—now called TD Place Stadium—by 2014 if construction remained on schedule.[9][10][11] In 2008, the franchise was conditionally awarded the right to host the 2014 Grey Cup game,[12] but the owners preferred to postpone the game for a few years to give the franchise a better chance to play in the championship game.[9] In any event, after lawsuits and delays, the stadium renovations were not completed until 2014.[8] Hosting the Grey Cup is a condition included in the agreement of franchise ownership.[13] A C$7-million franchise fee was reported to have been paid to the CFL.[6]

text: Concurrently, Ottawa Senators owner Eugene Melnyk had announced plans to bid for a Major League Soccer franchise to play in Ottawa, it being his intention to build a new soccer-specific stadium near the Senators' Scotiabank Place (now Canadian Tire Centre) in support of that plan. Questions arose about the stadium's design in terms of whether or not it could be used by a CFL team in place of the aging Frank Clair Stadium. However, the CFL and MLS groups could not come to any agreement on coordinating their plans. Furthermore, municipal officials questioned whether the city could support both CFL and MLS franchises.[14]

text: In April 2009, the staff of the City of Ottawa presented a report to city council on the merits of the soccer stadium and Lansdowne Park proposals. The city held public hearings based on the report, which questioned the necessity of the spending but gave a slight edge to the Lansdowne proposal. Councillors attempted to find out whether the SSE group would support sharing their stadium with a planned CFL franchise, but the SSE group rejected such a possibility. Consequently, on April 22, 2009, city council chose the Lansdowne proposal over the SSE proposal as its choice for an outdoor stadium. Negotiations were conducted over the next several months, leading to an August 26 presentation to council so that it could decide the fate of football in Ottawa in the foreseeable future.[citation needed]

text: On November 12 and 13, council held a public debate to discuss what should be done with the area at Lansdowne Park. Guest speakers included CFL Commissioner Mark Cohon and former Rough Riders Jock Climie and Mark Kosmos, who presented their case as to why the Lansdowne Live group was an important contributor to the city of Ottawa.[15] The following Monday, on November 16, it was reported that council had voted 15–9 in favour of plans to redevelop Lansdowne Park to house a CFL team.[16] The ownership group was given until June 2010 to sort out the details of the redevelopment, with construction set to begin in the spring of 2011.[citation needed]

text: On June 28, 2010, after a twelve-hour meeting, city council approved the plan to redevelop Lansdowne Park by the same 15–9 vote, all but securing a franchise in the nation's capital.[9][10] With construction on the stadium scheduled to begin in 2011, the earliest the team would have been able to play was the 2013 under the original time line.[17] However, a failed legal challenge and an Ontario Municipal Board hearing on the Lansdowne Park redevelopment project delayed the start of construction until 2013,[needs update] with completion targeted for the summer of 2015, although there were indications that the stadium could be opened for football as early as 2014.[8] Without a viable stadium, the debut of the team was necessarily pushed back accordingly.[13]

text: On October 10, 2012, the new franchise cleared its final political hurdle, when a 21–3 vote by Ottawa City Council went in favour of Lansdowne redevelopment.[18] Construction on the north and south side stands was set to begin in October 2012.[19][needs update]

text: On January 30, 2013, Marcel Desjardins was named the first general manager in Redblacks history.[20] Desjardins named former Montreal Alouettes scouting director and New York Jets pro scout Brock Sunderland as his assistant GM shortly thereafter.[citation needed]

text: On December 6, 2013, Desjardins hired Rick Campbell as the team's first head coach. Campbell is the son of former Edmonton Eskimos coaching legend Hugh Campbell, who coached the team to five consecutive Grey Cups from 1978 to 1982.[21]

text: First seasons (2014 to present)[edit]

text: On July 3, 2014, the Ottawa Redblacks played their first regular season game in Winnipeg, against the Blue Bombers, scoring touchdowns on their first three possessions in the opening quarter, but ultimately losing the game 36–28.[22] On July 18, 2014, the Redblacks earned their first regular-season win at their first home opener with a score of 18–17 over the visiting Toronto Argonauts.[23] The Redblacks, like most expansion teams, struggled during the whole season, and finished last in the league with a 2–16 record.[24]

text: In their second season in the league, the Redblacks brought in significant talent to improve the offence. The result was a greatly improved team that won 8 of its last 10 regular season games, finishing with a record of 12–6 to finish atop the East Division and clinch a first round bye.[25] It was the first regular-season division title for an Ottawa-based team since 1978. On November 22, 2015 the Redblacks defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 35–28 in the East Final to advance to the 103rd Grey Cup. In doing so, they became the first Ottawa CFL team to reach the Grey Cup since the 1981 Rough Riders. They also became the second-youngest team to reach a Grey Cup final, bettered only by the 1995 Baltimore Stallions. In their first ever Grey Cup appearance, the Redblacks lost 26–20 to the Edmonton Eskimos.[26]

text: The Redblacks returned to the Grey Cup the following year, winning the franchise's first championship by defeating the heavily favored Calgary Stampeders 39–33 in overtime.[27] Although they had struggled during the regular season, finishing with an 8–9–1 record, the Redblacks claimed the top spot in a weak Eastern Division. This earned them a bye into the Eastern Final where, because of the CFL's crossover playoff format, they faced the Western Division's Edmonton Eskimos, winning 35–23.[28][29]

text: Team name[edit]

text: The team almost immediately made contact with previous Rough Riders owner Horn Chen regarding the Rough Riders name. The ownership group were well aware of the price they would have had to pay Chen for the Rough Riders' logo and wordmarks.[30] The Rough Riders name still retains popular currency among football fans in Ottawa. The Rough Riders played for 120 years, during which time they won the Grey Cup nine times.[31] However, in July 2010, the ownership group announced that while Chen had sold the Rough Riders intellectual properties—including their trademarks—to his group, the Rough Riders name would likely not be returning due to the objections of the Saskatchewan Roughriders.[32]

text: On December 6, 2012, the CFL opened voting for the name of the team, up until December 16, 2012, on www.nameourteams.com. It was speculated that the team would be called the Rush, but this was later debunked.[33] The Rush name was nonetheless included in a list of five potential names (Nationals, Voyageurs, Redblacks, and Raftsmen being the others) for the team in a focus group led by the team's owners in January 2013.[34]

text: On May 30, 2013, the website Sportslogos.net reported that the ownership group had filed copyright protection for the nickname "Redblacks" (and its French equivalent, Rouge et Noir) with the Canadian Intellectual Property Office.[35] On June 8, 2013, the team confirmed it would be known as the Ottawa REDBLACKS. On the same day, the Redblacks also revealed their logo, an italicized version of the block "R" that appeared on the Rough Riders' helmets from 1975 to 1991 (with artistic ink traps) surrounded by a red outline inside a black saw blade.[36]

text: Presently, the CFL does not consider the Redblacks (or for that matter, the Renegades) as the successors of the Rough Riders in the same way that it considers the three incarnations of the Alouettes to be one franchise.[citation needed]

text: 2013 CFL Draft[edit]

text: One year before the Ottawa club hit the field for the 2014 CFL season they were allowed to draft four NCAA junior redshirts (players who would participate in the 2013 NCAA football season). The draft took place May 6, 2013. Ottawa had the last pick in the first 4 rounds of the draft (9, 18, 27, 36 overall selections). They selected Nolan MacMillan from Iowa, Connor Williams from Utah State, Kalonji Kashama from Eastern Michigan and Tyler Digby from Robert Morris.[37]

text: Expansion Draft[edit]

text: The 2013 CFL Expansion Draft was a three-round CFL draft held on December 16, 2013 which assigned players from existing CFL teams to the new Ottawa team. The structure of the draft was announced on January 19, 2011, which described one round for selecting import players and two rounds for selecting non-import players.[38] Ottawa selected three players from each of the eight existing teams for a total of 24 players. Ottawa was allowed to select eight import players and 16 non-import players with quarterbacks, kickers and punters eligible within their respective import/non-import categories. Ottawa was permitted to select a maximum of two quarterbacks and one kicker/punter, but not select any two of these three players from the same team. The CFL Commissioner was authorized to resolve any dispute related to player eligibility for the Expansion Draft process.[39]

text: The selections were announced live at cfl.ca on December 16, 2013.[40]

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text: On July 18, 2014, at halftime of the first home game in franchise history, the Redblacks announced that they would be retiring all ten jersey numbers that were previously retired by the Ottawa Rough Riders.[41]

text:
Ottawa Redblacks retired numbers[41]

No.
Player
Position
Tenure
Championships

11
Ron Stewart
RB
1958–1970
1960, 1968, 1969

12
Russ Jackson
QB
1958–1969
1960, 1968, 1969

26
Whit Tucker
WR
1962–1970
1968, 1969

40
Bruno Bitkowski
C/DE
1951–1962
1951, 1960

60
Jim Coode
OT
1974–1980
1976

62
Moe Racine
OT/K
1958–1974
1960, 1968, 1969, 1973

70
Bobby Simpson
FW/E/DB
1950–1962
1951, 1960

71
Gerry Organ
K/P/WR
1971–1983
1973, 1976

72
Tony Golab
FW/HB
1939–1941, 1945–1950
1940

77
Tony Gabriel
TE
1975–1981
1976

tag: table

text: Roster[edit]

text:
Ottawa Redblacks roster

view
talk
edit

Quarterbacks

 7 Trevor Harris
14 Ryan Lindley
 5 Drew Tate

Running backs

25 Brendan Gillanders FB
81 Patrick Lavoie FB
23 Mossis Madu

Wide receivers

82 Greg Ellingson
 8 Jake Harty
 2 Kenny Shaw
88 Brad Sinopoli
85 Diontae Spencer
87 Joshua Stangby

Offensive linemen

53 Matthew Albright
63 Jon Gott
64 Evan Johnson
58 Jason Lauzon-Séguin
66 Nolan MacMillan
56 Alex Mateas
55 SirVincent Rogers
59 Jake Silas

Defensive linemen

93 Jake Ceresna
98 Avery Ellis
92 Zack Evans
41 Arnaud Gascon-Nadon DE
49 Ettore Lattanzio
90 Andrew Marshall
43 Jonathan Newsome
47 Nigel Romick

Linebackers

22 Khalil Bass
31 Kevin Brown
10 Serderius Bryant
52 Tanner Doll
42 Ron Omara
44 Taylor Reed

Defensive backs

27 Sherrod Baltimore
21 Adam Berger
20 Jean-Philippe Bolduc
 4 Jerrell Gavins
15 Keelan Johnson
 6 Antoine Pruneau
 9 Jonathan Rose
32 Nicholas Taylor
28 Corey Tindal
33 Dan West

Special teams

50 Louis-Philippe Bourassa LS
13 Brett Maher K

Injured list

45 Anthony Gosselin RB
80 Austen Hartley WR
16 Quincy McDuffie WR
29 William Powell RB

6-Game injured list

86 Juron Criner WR
68 Tommie Draheim OL
34 Wayne Moore RB
99 Connor Williams DE

Practice squad

17 Danny Collins QB
84 R. J. Harris WR
54 Zachary Intzandt OL
30 Adrian James DB
57 Eric Lofton OL
38 Austin Rueland WR
89 Dominique Rhymes WR
37 Winston Rose DB
94 Teidrick Smith DL
96 Michael Wakefield DL

Italics indicate International player
Roster updated 2017-08-27
Depth Chart • Transactions
46 Active, 4 Injured, 4 Six-Game Injured,
10 Practice
→ More rosters

text: Staff[edit]

text:
Ottawa Redblacks Staff

v
t
e

Front Office

Owner – Jeff Hunt
President and CEO – Bernie Ashe
General Manager – Marcel Desjardins
Director of Player Personnel – vacant
Coordinator, Football Administration – Chantal Covington
Video Coordinator, Braun Gheller
Pro Scout, Kenny McClay

Head Coaches

Head Coach – Rick Campbell

Offensive Coaches

Offensive Coordinator – Jaime Elizondo
Offensive Line – Bryan Chiu
Receivers – Travis Moore
Offensive Assistant – Beau Walker

Defensive Coaches

Defensive Coordinator – Mark Nelson
Defensive Line – Leroy Blugh
Defensive Backs – Ike Charlton
Linebackers – Derek Oswalt

Special Teams Coaches

Special Teams Coordinator – Bob Dyce

Strength and Conditioning

Strength and Conditioning Trainer – vacant

→ Coaching Staff
→ More CFL staffs

text: Mascot[edit]

text: The Redblacks mascot is a lumberjack whose original name, "Big Joe Mufferaw", was revealed by the team on March 28, 2014. The name, which came from online suggestions, was an acknowledgement to the Big Joe Mufferaw folk legend popularized in several works of fiction (most notably by Ottawa native Bernie Bedore) and in songs by Stompin' Tom Connors.[42] After the Redblacks received some criticism for the "Mufferaw" name, the team announced on March 31 that the mascot would go by the name "Big Joe" (or "Grand Jos" in French).[43]

text: Cheerleaders[edit]

text: The Ottawa REDBLACKS Cheer and Dance team is the cheerleading and dance team representing the Redblacks. The team made its debut at the Redblacks' first home game at TD Place Stadium on July 17, 2014.[44]

text: The team is composed of men and women between the ages of 18 and 35. The Cheer and Dance program has two spirit teams of 25 cheerleaders and 25 dancers.[45] The Cheerleading team is a coed team of athletes from various all-star, varsity, performance and competitive cheerleading backgrounds. During games, the cheerleading team executes stunt routines and acrobatics on the field and on the sidelines. The Dance team is an all-female team of athletes from a variety of dance disciplines. The team also performs on field during game stoppages and participates in pregame activities. The Program Directors are Lisa Aucoin and Kenny Feeley,[46] and the Dance Team's Head Coach is Melany Morrison.[46]

text: On game days, members of the Cheer and Dance teams participate in “game day cheering/dancing, half time performances, pre game shows, game day promotions”.[47] Members of the Cheerleading and Dance team are involved in various community events, charity functions and corporate appearances in the Ottawa region.[47]

text: The Ottawa Redblacks Cheer and Dance team offers a Junior Cheerleading program for cheerleaders and dancers between the ages of 6–16.[48] The 4-week cheerleading program includes instruction and coaching by members of the Cheerleading and Dance team.[48]


document_title: List of minimum wages by country

question_text: what is the average hourly wage in poland

text: List of minimum wages by country

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The minimum wages given refer to a gross amount, that is before deduction of taxes and social security contributions, which vary from one country to another. Also excluded from calculations are regulated paid days off, including public holidays, sick pay, annual leave and social insurance contributions paid by the employer.

text: For the sake of comparison, an annual wage column is provided in international dollars, a hypothetical unit of currency calculated based on the purchasing power parity of household final consumption expenditure. For calculating the annual wage, the lowest general minimum wage was used.

text: Countries[edit]

text:
Country
Minimum wage
Annual
Workweek
(hours)[2]
Hourly
Percent of
GDP per capita[3]
Effective per

Nominal (US$)[4]
PPP (Int$)[5]
Nominal (US$)[6]
PPP (Int$)[7]

 Afghanistan
5,000 Afghani ($72) per month for government workers. No minimum set for private sector workers, but labor law prevents paying private sector workers less than government workers. Informal sector day workers are unprotected.[8]
7002884000000000000♠884

7003300100000000000♠3,001

40
6999430000000000000♠0.43

7000144000000000000♠1.44

7002155190000000000♠155.2%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Albania
24,000 Albanian lekë (214 $) per month, in private sector and 37,000 lekë (330 $) per month in public sector. The law establishes a 40-hour workweek, but the actual workweek is typically set by individual or collective-bargaining agreement.[8][9][10][11]
7003232000000000000♠2,320

7003522600000000000♠5,226

40
7000112000000000000♠1.12

7000250990000099999♠2.51

7001462000000000000♠46.2%
000000002017-05-05-00005 May 2017

 Algeria
18,000 Algerian dinars ($170) per month, nationally.[8][12][13]
7003197400000000000♠1,974

7003590800000000000♠5,908

40
6999950000000000000♠0.95

7000284000000000000♠2.84

7001402000000000000♠40.2%
000000002012-01-01-00001 January 2012

 Andorra
€991.47 per month, €5.72 per hour.[14]
7004134440000000000♠13,444
7004104020000000000♠10,402
40
7000646000000000000♠6.46
7000500000000000000♠5
7001280000000000000♠28%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Angola
15,003 kwanza per month; paid thirteen times a year.[15][16]
7003162500000000000♠1,625

7003196100000000000♠1,961

44
6999710000000000000♠0.71

6999860000000000000♠0.86

7001266000000000000♠26.6%
000000002014-06-01-00001 June 2014

 Antigua and Barbuda
EC$8.20 per hour.[8][17][18]
7003631700000000000♠6,317

7003766100000000000♠7,661

40
7000304000000000000♠3.04

7000368000000000000♠3.68

7001334000000000000♠33.4%
000000002014-11-01-00001 November 2014

 Argentina
8,860 Argentine pesos ($504) per month for up to 200 hours; paid thirteen times a year.[19]
7003780400000000000♠7,804

7004206270000000000♠20,627

48
7000313000000000000♠3.13

7000826000000000000♠8.26

7001915000000000000♠91.5%
000000002017-07-01-00001 July 2017

 Armenia
55,000 Armenian dram ($107) per month.[8][20][21]
7003137400000000000♠1,374

7003326500000000000♠3,265

40
6999660000000000000♠0.66

7000157000000000000♠1.57

7001389000000000000♠38.9%
000000002015-07-01-00001 July 2015

 Australia
Most workers are covered by an award, which may vary by employee age, geographical location and industry. For employees 21+ not covered by an award or agreement, the minimum wages is A$18.29 per hour, A$694.90 per week; set federally by the Fair Work Commission.
Workers under 21, apprentices and trainees not covered by an award each have a minimum wage level set nationally below the official minimum.[22][23] Minimum wage for workers under 16 is 36.8% of the 21+ minimum wage (A$6.73 per hour).[24]
7004268620000000000♠26,862

7004229240000000000♠22,924

38
7001135900000000000♠13.59

7001116000000000000♠11.6

7001504000000000000♠50.4%
000000002017-07-01-00001 July 2017

 Austria
National collective bargaining agreements set minimum wages by job classification for each industry and provide for a minimum wage of €1,200 ($1,289) per month. Wages where no such collective agreements exist, such as for domestic workers, janitorial staff and au pairs, are regulated by relevant legislation and are generally lower than those covered by collective bargaining. The national minimum wage legislation has lapsed, although is still in force by convention.[25]

40

000000002016-01-01-00002016

 Azerbaijan
116 Azerbaijani manat ($68.80) per month.[26]
7002872000000000000♠872

7003433600000000000♠4,336

40
6999420000000000000♠0.42

7000208000000000000♠2.08

7001244000000000000♠24.4%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 The Bahamas
B$5.25 ($5.25) per hour, B$42 ($42) per day, and B$210 ($210) per week.[8][27][28]
7004109200000000000♠10,920

7003944800000000000♠9,448

40
7000525000000000000♠5.25

7000454000000000000♠4.54

7001397000000000000♠39.7%
000000002015-08-15-000015 August 2015

 Bahrain
None; 300 BHD ($800) for the public sector workers (only applies to Bahraini nationals).[8]

48

000000002016-01-01-00002016

 Bangladesh
1,500 taka ($19) per month for all economic sectors not covered by industry-specific wages; in the garment industry the minimum wage is 5,300 taka ($68) per month. The minimum wage is set nationally every five years by the National Minimum Wage Board in a tripartite forum industry by industry.[8][29][30][31]
7003126200000000000♠1,262

7003323500000000000♠3,235

48
6999510000000000000♠0.51

7000130000000000000♠1.3

7001971000000000000♠97.1%
000000002013-12-01-00001 December 2013

 Barbados
BDS$6.25 ($3.13) per hour for household domestics and shop assistants; the Ministry of Labor recommends all other sectors use this as the de facto minimum wage.[8][32]
7003650000000000000♠6,500

7003529200000000000♠5,292

40
7000313000000000000♠3.13

7000254000000000000♠2.54

7001322999999900000♠32.3%
000000002012-03-01-00001 March 2012

 Belarus
265.00 Belarusian rubles per month.[16]
7003269600000000000♠2,696

7003613200000000000♠6,132

40
7000130000000000000♠1.3

7000295000000000000♠2.95

7001347000000000000♠34.7%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Belgium
€1,501.82 ($1,673) per month, €9.12 ($10.16) per hour for workers 21 years of age and over; €1,541.67 ($1,718) per month for workers 21 and a half years of age, with six months of service; €1,559.38 ($1,738) per month for workers 22 years of age, with 12 months of service; coupled with extensive social benefits.[16][33]
7004203630000000000♠20,363

7004200560000000000♠20,056

38
7001103100000000000♠10.31

7001101500000000000♠10.15

7001456000000000000♠45.6%
000000002013-04-01-00001 April 2013

 Belize
BZ$3.30 ($1.65) per hour.[8][34][35]
7003386100000000000♠3,861

7003673700000000000♠6,737

45
7000165000000000000♠1.65

7000288000000000000♠2.88

7001790000000000000♠79%
000000002012-05-26-000026 May 2012

 Benin
40,000 CFA francs per month; the government set minimum wage scales for a number of occupations.[16][36]
7002809000000000000♠809

7003210200000000000♠2,102

40
6999390000000000000♠0.39

7000101000000000000♠1.01

7001996000000000000♠99.6%
000000002014-04-01-00001 April 2014

 Bhutan
3,750 Bhutanese ngultrum per month.[8][37][38]
7002670000000000000♠670

7003208200000000000♠2,082

40
6999320000000000000♠0.32

7000100000000000000♠1

7001258000000000000♠25.8%
000000002014-02-01-00001 February 2014

 Bolivia
1805 Bolivian bolivianos per month.[39][40] plus an obligatory Christmas bonus equal to one month's pay, prorated for the amount of time the worker has worked in their present position. Plus a second Christmas Bonus if the government decries the economy grew enough, plus an extra month paid in May if the company made a profit for the previous year.[41][42]
7003339600000000000♠3,396

7003699000000000000♠6,990

48
7000136000000000000♠1.36

7000280000000099999♠2.8

7002101600000000000♠101.6%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
406 convertible marks ($240) net per month.[43]
7003217200000000000♠2,172

7003457500000000000♠4,575

40
7000104000000000000♠1.04

7000220000000000000♠2.2

7001435000000000000♠43.5%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Botswana
5.46 Botswana pula ($0.58) an hour for most full-time labor in the private sector; 3.03 ($.29) Botswana pula per hour for domestic workers or approximately 24.24 pula ($2.28) a day; 620 Botswana pula ($60) per month for workers in the agriculture sector.[8][16]
7002735000000000000♠735

7003144200000000000♠1,442

48
6999289990000000000♠0.29

6999579990000000000♠0.58

7000910000000000000♠9.1%
000000002016-06-01-00001 June 2016

 Brazil
937 Brazilian reais per month ($290), paid 13 times a year.[44][45] The Brazilian minimum wage is adjusted annually by the federal government. Each Brazilian state has its own minimum wage, which cannot be lower than the federal minimum wage. Rio Grande do Sul has the highest minimum wage nationwide, R$ 1,103.66.[46][47]
7003349100000000000♠3,491

7003596200000000000♠5,962

44
7000153000000000000♠1.53

7000261000000000000♠2.61

7001388009999900000♠38.8%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Brunei
None[8]

48

000000002016-01-01-00002016

 Bulgaria
460 Bulgarian lev ($257) per month, 2.77 lev ($1.6) per hour.[48][49][50][51]
7003325900000000000♠3,259

7003751400000000000♠7,514

40
7000157000000000000♠1.57

7000361000000000000♠3.61

7001429000000000000♠42.9%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Burkina Faso
34,664 CFA francs per month.[8][52]
7002701000000000000♠701

7003187700000000000♠1,877

40
6999340000000000000♠0.34

6999900000000000000♠0.9

7002113100000000000♠113.1%
000000002012-04-01-00001 April 2012

 Burundi
None; in the past the government set the minimum wage, but during the year the minimum wage was set by market forces.[8][36]

40

000000002016-01-01-00002016

 Cambodia
None; US$140 per month, for the garment and shoe industry.[8][16]

48

1 January 2016

 Cameroon
36,270 CFA francs ($75) per month.[8][53]
7002734000000000000♠734

7003181200000000000♠1,812

40
6999350000000000000♠0.35

6999870000000000000♠0.87

7001580000000000000♠58%
000000002014-07-30-000030 July 2014

 Canada
The minimum wage in Canada is set by each province and territory; ranges from C$10.85 to C$13.60 per hour.[8][54][55]
7004170270000000000♠17,027

7004170220000000000♠17,022

40
7000819009999900000♠8.19

7000818000000000000♠8.18

7001384000000000000♠38.4%
000000002017-10-01-00001 October 2017

 Cape Verde
11,000 Cape Verdean escudos per month; in the public sector 12,000 Cape Verdean escudos per month for an entry‑level worker.[56][57][58]
7003132400000000000♠1,324

7003281200000000000♠2,812

44
6999579990000000000♠0.58

7000123000000000000♠1.23

7001420000000000000♠42%
000000002014-01-01-00001 January 2014

 Central African Republic
35 000 CFA francs per month, 218.75 CFA francs per hour.[59][60]
7002767000000000000♠767

7003145500000000000♠1,455

40
6999370000000000000♠0.37

6999700000000000000♠0.7

7002243600000000000♠243.6%
000000002011-01-01-00002011

 Chad
59,995 CFA francs ($120) per month, 355 CFA francs per hour.[8][61][62]
7003121400000000000♠1,214

7003340600000000000♠3,406

39
6999600000000000000♠0.6

7000168000000000000♠1.68

7002156900000000000♠156.9%
000000002011-10-18-000018 October 2011

 Chile
264,000 Chilean pesos ($408) per month for workers aged 18–65; 186,631 pesos ($276) for workers younger than 18 and older than 65; and 161,265 pesos ($238) for 'non remunerative' purposes.[63]
7003468000000000000♠4,680

7003725300000000000♠7,253

45
7000200000000000000♠2

7000310000000000000♠3.1

7001325000000000000♠32.5%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 China
The minimum wage in China is set locally, ranges from RMB1,000 ($146) per month, RMB9.50 ($1.39) per hour in Guangxi to RMB2,190 ($321) per month, RMB19.00 ($2.78) per hour in Shanghai.[16][64][65][66][66][67][68]
7003180600000000000♠1,806

7003313900000000000♠3,139

40
6999870000000000000♠0.87

7000151000000000000♠1.51

7001220000000000000♠22%
000000002016-11-12-000012 November 2016

 Colombia
737,717 Colombian pesos per month ($250)[69]
7003289900000000000♠2,899

7003685300000000000♠6,853

48
7000116000000099999♠1.16

7000275000000000000♠2.75

7001497000000000000♠49.7%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Comoros
55,000 Comorian francs ($150) per month.[8]
7003148400000000000♠1,484

7003307000000000000♠3,070

40
6999710000000000000♠0.71

7000148000000000000♠1.48

7002202200000000000♠202.2%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
1,680 Congolese francs ($1.83) per day.[8][70]
7002432000000000000♠432

7002762000000000000♠762

45[71]
6999180000000000000♠0.18

6999330000000000000♠0.33

7001974000000000000♠97.4%
000000002009-01-01-00001 January 2009

 Republic of the Congo
90,000 CFA francs ($170) per month in the formal sector.[8]
7003182100000000000♠1,821

7003604300000000000♠6,043

40
6999880000000000000♠0.88

7000291000000000000♠2.91

7001949000000000000♠94.9%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Costa Rica
Varies for specified industries from ₡9,598.73 per 8-hour work day for unskilled workers to ₡12,537.91 per day for specialized workers. All other occupations not explicitly covered fall under the generic scale, which varies from ₡286,467.36 per month for unskilled workers to ₡615,083.69 for licentiates.[72][73]
7003458100000000000♠4,581

7003660300000000000♠6,603

48
7000184000000000000♠1.84

7000265000000000000♠2.65

7001429000000000000♠42.9%
000000002015-07-01-00001 July 2015

 Côte d'Ivoire
Varies by occupation, with the lowest set to 36,607 CFA franc ($72) per month for the industrial sector; a slightly higher minimum wage rate is applied for construction workers.[8][74][75]
7002741000000000000♠741

7003185800000000000♠1,858

40
6999360000000000000♠0.36

6999890000000000000♠0.89

7001532000000000000♠53.2%
000000001994-01-01-00001994

 Croatia
3,276 Croatian kuna ($464) per month.[16]
7003577600000000000♠5,776

7003940200000000000♠9,402

40
7000277990000099999♠2.78

7000451990000099999♠4.52

7001430000000000000♠43%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Cuba
225 Cuban pesos ($9) per month.[8][76] (Note that the exchange rate data and the International dollars conversion data for this row is for 2012, as more current data was not available at the time of data entry) Each citizen is however also given free food to supplement the salary.
7002147000000000000♠147
181
40
6998500000000000000♠0.05
6998800000000000000♠0.08
6999400000000000000♠0.4%
000000002005-05-01-00001 May 2005

 Cyprus
None; €870 per month for shop assistants, nurses' assistants, clerks, hairdressers, and nursery assistants; it rises to €924 after six months' employment. For asylum seekers working as unskilled workers in the agricultural sector, the minimum monthly wage was 425 euros ($570) with accommodation and food provided. For skilled workers in the agricultural sector, the minimum salary was 767 euros ($1,040) without accommodation and food.[8]

48

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Czech Republic
12,200.00 Czech koruna ($568) per month, or 73.20 koruna ($3.4) per hour.[77]
7003623000000000000♠6,230

7004105100000000000♠10,510

40
7000300000000000000♠3

7000505000000000000♠5.05

7001327000000000000♠32.7%
000000002018-01-01-00001 January 2018

 Denmark
None; instead, negotiated between unions and employer associations; the average minimum wage for all private and public sector collective bargaining agreements was approximately DKK 110 (nominally $16) per hour, exclusive of pension benefits.[8][78]

37.5

000000002017-01-01-00002017

 Djibouti
None; canceled by the 2006 Labor Code for occupational categories, establishing that wages be set after common agreement between employers and employees. For public sector workers, minimum wage was 35,000 DFJ ($198) per month.[8][57]

48

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Dominica
EC$4.00 ($1.50) per hour.[8][79][80]
7003308100000000000♠3,081

7003418000000000000♠4,180

40
7000148000000000000♠1.48

7000200999999999999♠2.01

7001371000000000000♠37.1%
000000002008-06-01-00001 June 2008

 Dominican Republic
8,310 Dominican pesos per month in the FTZs and between 7,843 pesos and 12,873 pesos outside the FTZs, depending upon the size of the company; 5,884 pesos per month for the public sector; 234 pesos a day for farm workers who are covered by minimum wage regulations based on a 10-hour day, with the exception of sugarcane workers who received 146 pesos based on an eight-hour workday.[8][81][82]
7002906000000000000♠906

7003187900000000000♠1,879

44
6999400000000000000♠0.4

6999820009999900000♠0.82

7001132000000000000♠13.2%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Ecuador
US$427 per month (for a 12 month average, including 13th and 14th salaries). Minimum wage has been set by the government at $366 per month for the year 2016, but a worker who works a full year also receives a 13th and a 14th salary.[83]
7003512400000000000♠5,124

7003848500000000000♠8,485

40
7000246000000000000♠2.46

7000408000000000000♠4.08

7001745000000000000♠74.5%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Egypt
None; for the public sector the minimum wage is LE 1,200 ($68) per month.[8]

48

1 January 2014

 El Salvador
Set sector by sector; for example, US$242.40 a month for retail employees; US$237.00 for industrial laborers; US$202.80 for apparel assembly workers; US$113.70 for agriculture workers. The wage for seasonal agricultural workers of cotton and sugar cane is used here.[8][16][84][needs update]
7003113800000000000♠1,138

7003219400000000000♠2,194

44
6999500000000000000♠0.5

6999960000000000000♠0.96

7001255000000000000♠25.5%
000000002014-01-01-00001 January 2014

 Equatorial Guinea
129,035 CFA franc ($224).[8]
7003261100000000000♠2,611

7003424400000000000♠4,244

48
7000105000000000000♠1.05

7000170000000000000♠1.7

7001141000000000000♠14.1%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Eritrea
None; 360 Eritrean nakfa ($23.3) per month in the public sector.[8]

44.5

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Estonia
€470 per month, €2.78 per hour.[16][48][85]
7003653400000000000♠6,534

7003917000000000000♠9,170

40
7000314000000000000♠3.14

7000441000000000000♠4.41

7001326000000000000♠32.6%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Ethiopia
None; some government institutions and public enterprises set their own minimum wages: public sector employees, the largest group of wage earners, earned a monthly minimum wage of 420 Ethiopian birr ($21); employees in the banking and insurance sector had a minimum monthly wage of 336 birr ($18).[8]

48

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Federated States of Micronesia
None; US$2.65 per hour for employment with the national government; all states have a minimum hourly wage for government workers: $2.00 in Pohnpei, $1.25 in Chuuk, $1.42 in Kosrae, and $1.60 in Yap; $1.75 for private sector workers in Pohnpei.[8]

40

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Fiji
FJ$2.68 per hour.[86][87]
7003318900000000000♠3,189

7003534200000000000♠5,342

48
7000128000000000000♠1.28

7000214000000000000♠2.14

7001583000000000000♠58.3%
000000002017-09-30-000030 September 2017

 Finland
None; however, the law requires all employers, including non-unionized ones, to pay minimum wages agreed to in collective bargaining agreements; almost all workers are covered under such arrangements.[8]

40

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 France
€1,480.27 per month, €9.76 per hour.[48][88]
7004200710000000000♠20,071

7004200810000000000♠20,081

35
7001110300000000000♠11.03

7001110300000000000♠11.03

7001506000000000000♠50.6%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Gabon
150,000 CFA francs ($255) per month; government workers received an additional monthly allowance of 20,000 CFA francs ($34) per child; government workers also received transportation, housing, and family benefits; the law does not mandate housing or family benefits for private sector workers.[8][89]
7003303500000000000♠3,035

7003733600000000000♠7,336

40
7000146000000000000♠1.46

7000353000000000000♠3.53

7001367000000000000♠36.7%
000000002010-02-01-00001 February 2010

 The Gambia
50 dalasi ($1.25) per day.[8]
7002317000000000000♠317

7003110900000000000♠1,109

48
6999130000000000000♠0.13

6999440000000000000♠0.44

7001674000000000000♠67.4%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Georgia
20 Georgian lari ($8) per month for private sector workers which has remained unchanged since the early 1990s; 115 lari ($48) per month for public employees.[8]
7002101000000000000♠101

7002284000000000000♠284

40
6998500000000000000♠0.05

6999140000000000000♠0.14

7000290000000000000♠2.9%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Germany
€8.84 per hour. A higher minimum wage is often set by collective bargaining agreements and enforceable by law.[16]
7004210360000000000♠21,036

7004222360000000000♠22,236

40.5[90]
7000999000000000000♠9.99

7001105600000000000♠10.56

7001470000000000000♠47%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Ghana
8.00 Ghanaian cedis ($1.7) per day.[91]
7002558000000000000♠558

7003168700000000000♠1,687

40
6999270000000000000♠0.27

6999810000000000000♠0.81

7001402000000000000♠40.2%
000000002015-08-01-00001 August 2015

 Greece
€683.76 per month ($762) in 12 payments, €586 per month ($653) in 14 payments, or €4.23 per hour.[48][92]
7003927100000000000♠9,271

7004117250000000000♠11,725

40
7000446000000000000♠4.46

7000564000000000000♠5.64

7001439000000000000♠43.9%
000000002013-01-01-00001 January 2013

 Grenada
Minimum wage schedules set pay by occupation; for example, the minimum wage for domestic workers, for example, was EC $4.50 per hour, while that for a security guard was EC $9.00 per hour.[8]

40

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Guatemala
81.87 Guatemalan quetzales per day for agricultural and nonagricultural work and 74.89 quetzales per day for work in export-sector regime factories. Minimum wage earners also are due a mandatory monthly bonus of 250 quetzales, and salaried workers receive two mandatory yearly bonuses (the bono 14 and the Christmas bonus), each equivalent to one month's salary.[8][16]
7003399100000000000♠3,991

7003719700000000000♠7,197

48
7000160000000000000♠1.6

7000288000000000000♠2.88

7001934000000000000♠93.4%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Guernsey
£7.20 per hour ($8.79) for those aged 18+
£6.50 per hour ($8.49) for those aged 17–18.[93]

1 January 2017

 Guinea
The labor code allows the government to set a minimum hourly wage; however, the government has not exercised this provision except for setting the minimum wage for domestic workers at 440,000 GNF ($62) per month.[8]

48

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Guinea-Bissau
19,030 CFA francs ($30) per month plus a bag of rice[8]
7002385000000000000♠385

7002939000000000000♠939

45
6999160000000000000♠0.16

6999400000000000000♠0.4

7001645999999900000♠64.6%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Guyana
G$35,000 per month, G$1,616 per day and G$202 per hour.[94]
7003203500000000000♠2,035

7003356000000000000♠3,560

40
6999980000000000000♠0.98

7000171000000000000♠1.71

7001474000000000000♠47.4%
000000002013-07-01-00001 July 2013

 Haiti
125 Haitian gourdes per day for servants for an eight-hour workday; 225 Haitian gourdes per day for segment A industries; 240 Haitian gourdes per day for segment B industries; 260 Haitian gourdes per day for segment C industries; 225 Haitian gourdes per day for companies with piece work that re-export; and 300 Haitian gourdes per day for companies with piece work that exports.[8][95][96][97]
7002616000000000000♠616

7003154800000000000♠1,548

48
6999250000000000000♠0.25

6999620000000000000♠0.62

7001878000000000000♠87.8%
000000002014-05-01-00001 May 2014

 Honduras
Minimum wages ranged from a low of 5,681.73 Honduran lempiras per month, 22.44 lempiras per hour to 8,803.70 lempiras per month, 36.68 lempiras per hour.[8][16][98]
7003230400000000000♠2,304

7003443100000000000♠4,431

44
7000101000000000000♠1.01

7000194000000000000♠1.94

7001872000000000000♠87.2%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Hong Kong
HK$34.50 (US$4.5) per hour is the minimum wage in Hong Kong.[99]
7003924500000000000♠9,245

7004112480000000000♠11,248

40
7000444000000000000♠4.44

7000541000000000000♠5.41

7001198000000000000♠19.8%
000000002017-05-01-00001 May 2017

 Hungary
127,650 HUF (€425; $445) per month for unskilled labor, 161,250 HUF (€535; $560) per month for skilled labor.[16][100][101][102]
7003544100000000000♠5,441

7004102880000000000♠10,288

40
7000262000000000000♠2.62

7000495000000000000♠4.95

7001402000000000000♠40.2%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Iceland
None; minimum wages are negotiated in various collectively bargained agreements and applied automatically to all employees in those occupations, regardless of union membership; while the agreements can be either industry- or sector-wide, and in some cases firm-specific, the minimum wage levels are occupation-specific.[8][48]

40

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 India
Varied from 160 rupees ($2.40) per day in Bihar to 750 rupees ($11.31) per day in Kerala. State governments set a separate minimum wage for agricultural workers.[8] The minimum wages are set according to Minimum Wages Act, 1948.[103]
7002743000000000000♠743

7003259000000000000♠2,590

48
6999300000000000000♠0.3

7000104000000000000♠1.04

7001425000000000000♠42.5%
000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Indonesia
Established by provincial and district authorities, which vary by province, district, and sector; the lowest minimum wage is in the province of Yogyakarta at rupiah 1,337,745 ($100) per month and the highest is in Jakarta at rupiah 3,355,750 ($252) per month.[16]
[104]

7002992000000000000♠992

7003270700000000000♠2,707

40
6999480000000000000♠0.48

7000130000000000000♠1.3

7001245000000000000♠24.5%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Iran
929,931 Iranian tomans ($250) (equal to 9,299,310 rials) per month effective on the 2017 Persian New year;[105] set annually for each industrial sector and region. The standard workweek is 44 hours, and any work over 48 entitles the worker to overtime.[8]
7003361000000000000♠3,610

7003994400000000000♠9,944

44[106]
7000158000000000000♠1.58

7000435000000099999♠4.35

7001576000000000000♠57.6%
000000002017-03-21-000021 March 2017

 Iraq
250,000 Iraqi dinars ($214) per month.[8]
7003257000000000000♠2,570

7003504900000000000♠5,049

40
7000124000000000000♠1.24

7000243000000000000♠2.43

7001339000000000000♠33.9%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Ireland
€9.25 per hour, with sub-minimal rates for those under 18 (70% of minimum), and for those over 18 in first year of employment (80%), in second year of employment (90%), and in certain types of training (75% to 90%).[107]
7004211970000000000♠21,197

7004182470000000000♠18,247

39[108]
7001104509999900000♠10.45

7000900000000000000♠9

7001334000000000000♠33.4%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Isle of Man
£7.50 per hour ($9.15) for those aged 21+
£6.85 per hour ($8.36) for those aged 18–20.[109]

1 April 2017

 Israel
₪5,300 Israeli new shekel ($1,503) per month; or ₪28.49 Israeli new shekel ($8.08) per hour.[110][111]
7004165600000000000♠16,560

7004144240000000000♠14,424

43
7000741000000000000♠7.41

7000645000000000000♠6.45

7001407000000000000♠40.7%
000000002017-12-01-00001 December 2017

 Italy
None; instead set through collective bargaining agreements on a sector-by-sector basis.[8]

40

000000002015-01-01-00002015

 Jamaica
J$6,200 per week.[8][112][113]
7003275800000000000♠2,758

7003408600000000000♠4,086

40
7000133000000000000♠1.33

7000196000000000000♠1.96

7001451000000000000♠45.1%
000000002016-03-01-00001 March 2016

 Japan
Ranges from 737 – 958 Japanese yen per hour; set on a prefectural and industry basis.[114][115]
7004140910000000000♠14,091

7004135100000000000♠13,510

40
7000677000000000000♠6.77

7000650000000000000♠6.5

7001362000000000000♠36.2%
000000002017-10-14-000014 October 2017

 Jordan
220 Jordanian dinars ($310) per month.[116]
7003371800000000000♠3,718

7003779500000000000♠7,795

48
7000149000000000000♠1.49

7000312000000000000♠3.12

7001716009999900000♠71.6%
000000002017-02-12-000012 February 2017

 Kazakhstan
24,459 Kazakhstani tenge ($67) per month.[8][16][117]
7002858000000000000♠858

7003292100000000000♠2,921

40
6999410009999900000♠0.41

7000140000000099999♠1.4

7001113000000000000♠11.3%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Kenya
Set by the government by location, age and skill level; the lowest urban minimum wage was 10,107.10 shillings per month, and the lowest agricultural minimum wage for unskilled employees was 5,436.90 shillings per month, excluding housing allowance.[8][16][118][119]
7002665000000000000♠665

7003147300000000000♠1,473

52
6999250000000000000♠0.25

6999540000000000000♠0.54

7001478000000000000♠47.8%
000000002015-05-01-00001 May 2015

 Kiribati
None; informal minimum wage estimated by government authorities to be between A$1.60 ($1.66) to A$1.70 ($1.77) per hour[8]

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 North Korea
Averaging 5,000 – 10,000 North Korean won ($5.5 – $11.1) per day.[58]

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 South Korea
6,470 South Korean won per hour; reviewed annually.[120] Scheduled to increase to 7,530 South Korean won per hour from 1 January 2018.[121]
7004115990000000000♠11,599

7004131400000000000♠13,140

40
7000558000000000000♠5.58

7000632000000000000♠6.32

7001380000000000000♠38%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Kosovo
€170 ($224) per month for workers between 35 and 65 years of age; €130 for workers under 35 years of age.[8][122]
7003230500000000000♠2,305

7003592800000000000♠5,928

40
7000111000000000000♠1.11

7000285000000000000♠2.85

7001610000000000000♠61%
000000002011-08-17-000017 August 2011

 Kuwait
60 Kuwaiti dinars ($216) per month.[8][123]
7003238300000000000♠2,383

7003373300000000000♠3,733

48
6999950000000000000♠0.95

7000150000000000000♠1.5

7000520000000000000♠5.2%
000000002010-04-14-000014 April 2010

 Kyrgyzstan
1140 Kyrgyzstani som ($14) per month, nominally; used for administrative purpose.[8][124][125][126]
7002196000000000000♠196

7002656000000000000♠656

40
6998900000000000000♠0.09

6999320000000000000♠0.32

7001191000000000000♠19.1%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Laos
800,000 Lao kip ($100) per month; additionally, employers were required to pay an 30,000-kip ($3.74) meal allowance per day. The minimum wage for civil servants and state enterprise employees was last increased to 1,400,000 kip ($170) per month.[8][127][128]
7003206200000000000♠2,062

7003519300000000000♠5,193

48
6999830000000000000♠0.83

7000208000000000000♠2.08

7001915000000000000♠91.5%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Latvia
€380 ($449) per month.[129]
7003501700000000000♠5,017

7003764700000000000♠7,647

40
7000241000000000000♠2.41

7000368000000000000♠3.68

7001315000000000000♠31.5%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Lebanon
675,000 pounds ($450) per month, 30,000 pounds per day.[8][130]
7003537300000000000♠5,373

7003872200000000000♠8,722

48
7000215000000000000♠2.15

7000349000000000000♠3.49

7001626000000000000♠62.6%
000000002012-02-01-00001 February 2012

 Lesotho
1,178 maloti ($102) per month to 1,285 maloti ($112) per month; varied by sector.[8]
7002961000000000000♠961

7003318500000000000♠3,185

45
6999410009999900000♠0.41

7000136000000000000♠1.36

7002106700000000000♠106.7%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Liberia
15 Liberian dollars ($0.31) per hour not exceeding 8 hours per day, excluding benefits, for unskilled laborers; 5,600 LD ($114) per month for civil servants.[8]
7002435000000000000♠435

7002823000000000000♠823

48
6999170000000000000♠0.17

6999330000000000000♠0.33

7001984000000000000♠98.4%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Libya
450 Libyan dinars ($325) per month; the government heavily subsidizes rent and utilities.[8][131][132][133]
7003391900000000000♠3,919

7003945700000000000♠9,457

40
7000188000000000000♠1.88

7000455000000000000♠4.55

7001668000000000000♠66.8%
000000002011-03-01-00001 March 2011

 Liechtenstein
None[8]

48

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Lithuania
€380 per month ($423.26), €2.31 per hour ($2.57).[134]
7003500600000000000♠5,006

7003842100000000000♠8,421

40
7000241000000000000♠2.41

7000405000000000000♠4.05

7001304000000000000♠30.4%
000000002016-07-01-00001 July 2016

 Luxembourg
€1,998.59 per month, €11,55 per hour for unskilled workers over 18; increased by 20% for a skilled employee; decreased by 20% to 25% in the case of an adolescent worker.[16][48][135][136]
7004271520000000000♠27,152

7004240240000000000♠24,024

40
7001130500000000000♠13.05

7001115500000000000♠11.55

7001236000000000000♠23.6%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Republic of Macedonia
10,500 Macedonian denars ($182.3) per month.[92][137][138]
7003226100000000000♠2,261

7003534700000000000♠5,347

40
7000109000000000000♠1.09

7000257000000099999♠2.57

7001384000000000000♠38.4%
000000002016-03-01-00001 March 2016

 Madagascar
133,013.40 Malagasy ariary per month, 767.40 ariary per hour for non-agricultural workers; 134,920.00 ariary per month, 674.60 ariary per hour for agricultural workers.[8][16]
7002453000000000000♠453

7003167600000000000♠1,676

41[139]
6999210000000000000♠0.21

6999790000000000000♠0.79

7002114900000000000♠114.9%
000000002015-01-01-00001 January 2015

 Malawi
MK 687.70 per day.[8][16][140]
7002301000000000000♠301

7003124400000000000♠1,244

48
6999120000000000000♠0.12

6999500000000000000♠0.5

7002105200000000000♠105.2%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Malaysia
RM1000 per month, RM4.81 per hour on the peninsula; and RM920 per month, RM4.42 per hour for the states of Sabah, Sarawak, and Labuan.[141][142] To be fully enforced on July 1, 2016.
7003231700000000000♠2,317

7003584000000000000♠5,840

48[8]
6999930000000000000♠0.93

7000234000000000000♠2.34

7001217000000000000♠21.7%
000000002016-07-01-00001 July 2016

 Maldives
None; 3,100 Maldivian rufiyaa ($242) per month in the government sector.[8]

48

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Mali
28,465 CFA francs ($57), supplemented by a required package of benefits, including social security and health care.[8]
7002576000000000000♠576

7003151300000000000♠1,513

48[143]
6999230000000000000♠0.23

6999610000000000000♠0.61

7001623000000000000♠62.3%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Malta
€778.34 per month, €169.76 per week; combined with an annual mandatory bonus of €270.20 and a €242.32 annual cost of living increase, automatically adjusted for inflation.[144][145]
7004105540000000000♠10,554

7004138360000000000♠13,836

40
7000507000000000000♠5.07

7000665000000000000♠6.65

7001384000000000000♠38.4%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Marshall Islands
US$2.00 per hour for government and private sector employees.[8][146]
7003416000000000000♠4,160

7003398100000000000♠3,981

40[147]
7000200000000000000♠2

7000191000000000000♠1.91

7002124000000000000♠124%
000000001986-03-06-00006 March 1986

 Mauritania
30,000 Mauritanian ouguiya ($100) per month for adults.[8][148][149]
7003110900000000000♠1,109

7003381000000000000♠3,810

40
6999530000000000000♠0.53

7000183000000000000♠1.83

7001867000000000000♠86.7%
000000002011-09-01-00001 September 2011

 Mauritius
607 Mauritian rupees ($20) per week for an unskilled worker in the Export Processing Zone(EPZ); 794 rupees ($26) per week for an unskilled factory worker outside the EPZ; set by the government by sector, and increased each year based on the inflation rate.[8]
7002888000000000000♠888

7003161800000000000♠1,618

45
6999380000000000000♠0.38

6999690009999900000♠0.69

7000830000000000000♠8.3%
000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Mexico
80.04 Mexican pesos ($3.94) per day.[16][150]
7003122100000000000♠1,221

7003240100000000000♠2,401

48
6999490000000000000♠0.49

6999960000000000000♠0.96

7001139000000000000♠13.9%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Moldova
1900 Moldovan lei ($96) per month in the private sector; 1000 lei ($50) per month in the public sector.[8][151][152][153]
7002638000000000000♠638

7003183800000000000♠1,838

40
6999310000000000000♠0.31

6999880000000000000♠0.88

7001365000000000000♠36.5%
000000002015-05-01-00001 May 2015

 Monaco
€1,731.91 per month and €10.25 per hour; same as the French minimum wage, plus a 5% adjustment.[154]
7004234870000000000♠23,487

39
7001115800000000000♠11.58

17%[155]
1 January 2017

 Mongolia
240,000 Mongolian tögrög ($98) per month.[8][156]
7003134600000000000♠1,346

7003344300000000000♠3,443

40
6999650000000000000♠0.65

7000166000000000000♠1.66

7001282000000000000♠28.2%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Montenegro
€193 per month ($215).[8][157]
7003256200000000000♠2,562

7003498000000000000♠4,980

40
7000123000000000000♠1.23

7000239000000000000♠2.39

7001322000000000000♠32.2%
000000002013-05-01-00001 May 2013

 Morocco
3 000 MADs ($310) per month[158] in public sector, 2 570.86 MAD ($265) per month in private sector,[159] 69,73 MAD ($7) per day for agricultural workers.[160]
7003366400000000000♠3,664

7003858000000000000♠8,580

44[161]
7000160000000000000♠1.6

7000375000000000000♠3.75

7002109700000000000♠109.7%
000000002015-07-01-00001 July 2015

 Mozambique
Set for nine different economic sectors; ranges from 3,002 Mozambican meticias a month in the public sector to 7,465 meticias a month in the financial sector.[8][16]
7002571000000000000♠571

7003215000000000000♠2,150

40
6999270000000000000♠0.27

7000103000000000000♠1.03

7002181300000000000♠181.3%
000000002014-05-01-00001 May 2014

 Myanmar
3,600 Myanmar kyat per day, 450 Myanmar kyat per hour.[8][162][163]
7002886000000000000♠886

7003314300000000000♠3,143

44
6999390000000000000♠0.39

7000137000000000000♠1.37

7001575000000000000♠57.5%
000000002015-09-01-00001 September 2015

 Namibia
None; the mining, construction, security and agricultural sectors set basic levels of pay through collective bargaining.[8]

45

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Nauru
None; there is a graduated salary system for public service officers and employees, none for private-sector workers.[8]

40[164]

000000002014-01-01-00002014

   Nepal
8,000 Nepalese rupees ($74) per month.[8][165]
7002893000000000000♠893

7003281500000000000♠2,815

48
6999360000000000000♠0.36

7000112990000099999♠1.13

7002114500000000000♠114.5%
000000002013-06-10-000010 June 2013

 Netherlands
€1,578.00 per month, €364.15 per week, €72.83 per day, and €9.11 per hour for persons 22 and older (in a 40-hours work week, a work week with less hours has a higher minimum wage per hour); between 30–85% of this amount for persons aged 15–22.[166][167]
7004213970000000000♠21,397

7004206860000000000♠20,686

40[168]
7001102909999999999♠10.29

7000995000000099999♠9.95

7001427000000000000♠42.7%
000000002018-01-01-00001 January 2018

 New Zealand
NZ$15.75 per hour for workers 18 years old or older, and NZ$12.60 per hour for those aged 16 or 17 or in training; there is no statutory minimum wage for employees who are under 16 years old.[169]
7004228050000000000♠22,805

7004203060000000000♠20,306

40
7001109600000000000♠10.96

7000976000000000000♠9.76

7001549000000000000♠54.9%
000000002017-04-01-00001 April 2017

 Nicaragua
Set for nine different economic sectors; ranges from 3,187.43 Nicaraguan córdobas per month in the agricultural sector to 7,133.44 córdobas per month in the financial sector.[16]
7003133600000000000♠1,336

7003347400000000000♠3,474

48
6999540000000000000♠0.54

7000138990000099999♠1.39

7001669000000000000♠66.9%
000000002015-09-01-00001 September 2015

 Niger
30,047 CFA francs ($60) per month.[8][16]
7002608000000000000♠608

7003161500000000000♠1,615

40
6999289990000000000♠0.29

6999780000000000000♠0.78

7002169400000000000♠169.4%
000000002012-08-17-000017 August 2012

 Nigeria
18,000 naira per month (was $115 but following the recent devaluation of the naira has fallen to $58, or $38 using the parallel market rate).[8][170]
7003112200000000000♠1,122

7003199600000000000♠1,996

40
6999540000000000000♠0.54

6999960000000000000♠0.96

7001333009999900000♠33.3%
000000002011-01-01-00001 January 2011

 Northern Cyprus
2020 Turkish lira ($550) per month (gross minimum wage). [171]
6600

40

1 February 2017

 Norway
None; wages normally fall within a national scale negotiated by labor, employers, and local governments.[8]

37.5

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Oman
225 Omani rials ($592) per month plus allowances of 100 rials ($263) per month for citizens; does not apply to foreign workers.[8][172]
7004101430000000000♠10,143

7004195060000000000♠19,506

45
7000433000000000000♠4.33

7000834000000000000♠8.34

7001510000000000000♠51%
000000002013-07-01-00001 July 2013

 Pakistan
15000 Pakistani rupees ($158) per month.[8][16][36]
7003171800000000000♠1,718

7003574800000000000♠5,748

48
6999690009999900000♠0.69

7000230000000099999♠2.3

7002114000000000000♠114%
000000002016-06-01-00001 June 2016

 Palau
US$3.00 per hour; does not include foreign workers.[8][173]
7003624000000000000♠6,240

7003589800000000000♠5,898

40[174]
7000300000000000000♠3

7000284000000000000♠2.84

7001386000000000000♠38.6%
000000002014-10-01-00001 October 2014

 Palestine
₪1,450 ($384) per month;[175][176]

0

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Panama
1.2222 to 2.3636 balboas ($1.22 – $2.36) per hour, depending on region and sector. Food and the use of housing facilities were considered part of the salary for some workers, such as domestic and agricultural workers. Salaries for domestic workers ranged from 175 to 200 balboas ($175 – $200) per month. The agricultural and construction sectors received the lowest and highest minimum wages, respectively.[8][177][178]
7003304500000000000♠3,045

7003513100000000000♠5,131

48
7000122000000000000♠1.22

7000206000000000000♠2.06

7001231000000000000♠23.1%
000000002012-01-01-00001 January 2012

 Papua New Guinea
3.20 Papua New Guinean kina per hour.[8][179]
7003264500000000000♠2,645

7003334300000000000♠3,343

44[180]
7000116000000099999♠1.16

7000146000000000000♠1.46

7002126100000000000♠126.1%
000000002014-08-01-00001 August 2014

 Paraguay
1,964,507 Paraguayan guaraníes ($348) per month; The law discriminates against domestic workers, who are legally entitled to only 40 percent of the minimum wage. The law mandates that housing and food be counted towards domestic worker's salary.[8][16][181][182]
7003386000000000000♠3,860

7003866100000000000♠8,661

48
7000155000000000000♠1.55

7000347000000000000♠3.47

7001943000000000000♠94.3%
000000002014-03-01-00001 March 2014

 Peru
850 Peruvian nuevos soles ($294) per month.[8][16]
7003320300000000000♠3,203

7003601400000000000♠6,014

48
7000128000000000000♠1.28

7000241000000000000♠2.41

7001485000000000000♠48.5%
000000002012-06-01-00001 June 2012

 Philippines
Ranges from 243 PhP ($4.8) daily non-plantation agricultural wage in Ilocos Region, to 512 PhP ($10) daily non-agricultural wage in Metro Manila.[183]
7003280300000000000♠2,803

7003662300000000000♠6,623

48[184]
7000112000000000000♠1.12

7000265000000000000♠2.65

7001900000000000000♠90%
000000002017-10-05-00005 October 2017

 Poland
2,100 PLN ($575) monthly. 13 PLN ($3.88) per hour.
7003608700000000000♠6,087

7004124660000000000♠12,466

40
7000293000000000000♠2.93

7000599000000000000♠5.99

7001477000000000000♠47.7%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Portugal
€557 per month ($648) in 14 payments; for full-time workers, rural workers, and domestic employees ages 18 and older.[185]
7003755300000000000♠7,553

7003984400000000000♠9,844

40
7000363000000000000♠3.63

7000473000000000000♠4.73

7001337000000000000♠33.7%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Qatar
None; the labor law provides the emir with authority to set a minimum wage, but he did not do so.[8]

48

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Romania
1450 lei ($339) per month; else 8.63 lei ($2) per hour for a full-time schedule of 168 hours per month. See Minimum wage in Romania.[186]
7003426600000000000♠4,266

7003899400000000000♠8,994

40
7000205009999999999♠2.05

7000432000000000000♠4.32

7001420000000000000♠42%
000000002017-02-01-00001 February 2017

 Russia
7,500 ruble ($127) per month.[16][187]
7003111000000000000♠1,110

7003310600000000000♠3,106

40
6999530000000000000♠0.53

7000149000000000000♠1.49

7001127000000000000♠12.7%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Rwanda
None; ranges from 500 to 1,000 Rwandan francs ($0.83 to $1.66) per day in the tea industry and 1500 to 5000 francs ($2.50 to $8.30) per day in the construction industry.[8]

45

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
EC$9.00 per hour.[8][188][189]
7003693300000000000♠6,933

7003889800000000000♠8,898

40[190]
7000333000000000000♠3.33

7000428000000000000♠4.28

7001365000000000000♠36.5%
000000002014-11-01-00001 November 2014

 Saint Lucia
Minimum wage for some sectors; EC$300 ($111) per month for office clerks; EC$200 ($74) for shop assistants; EC$160 ($59) for messengers.[8]

40

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Set sector by sector; for example, EC$56 ($20.74) per day for agriculture workers (shelter not provided); EC$40 ($14.81) per day for industrial workers; and EC$25 per day for household domestic workers.[8][191][192]
7003240700000000000♠2,407

7003329800000000000♠3,298

40
7000116000000099999♠1.16

7000159000000000000♠1.59

7001299000000000000♠29.9%
000000002008-07-01-00001 July 2008

 Samoa
WST$2.00 ($0.89) per hour for the private sector; WST$2.65 ($1.18) for the public sector.[8]
7003162200000000000♠1,622

7003224000000000000♠2,240

40
6999780000000000000♠0.78

7000108000000000000♠1.08

7001378009999900000♠37.8%
000000002012-01-01-00002012

 San Marino
€1501.49 per month; €9.24 per hour for the lowest paying industry[193][8][194]
7004199310000000000♠19,931

7004253060000000000♠25,306

37.5[195]
7001102200000000000♠10.22

7001129800000000000♠12.98

7001401000000000000♠40.1%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 São Tomé and Príncipe
None; 750,000 São Tomé and Príncipe dobras ($40) per month for civil servants[57]

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Saudi Arabia
3,000 Saudi riyals ($720) per month for public sector; does not apply to foreign workers. There are no minimum wage in private sector.[8][196]
7003960000000000000♠9,600

7004190170000000000♠19,017

48
7000385000000000000♠3.85

7000762000000000000♠7.62

7001356000000000000♠35.6%
000000002013-02-02-00002 February 2013

 Senegal
209.10 CFA francs ($0.42) per hour for general workers and 182.95 CFA francs ($0.37) per hour for agricultural workers.[8][16][197]
7002642000000000000♠642

7003161000000000000♠1,610

40
6999310000000000000♠0.31

6999770000000000000♠0.77

7001662000000000000♠66.2%
000000001996-01-01-00001 January 1996

 Serbia
22,620 Serbian dinars ($223) net monthly. Also, 130 Serbian dinars ($1.1) per hour net, and 175 Serbian dinars ($1.5) per hour gross.[8][198][199]
7003327100000000000♠3,271

7003733800000000000♠7,338

40
7000157000000000000♠1.57

7000353000000000000♠3.53

7001544000000000000♠54.4%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Seychelles
SR26.70 per hour for all workers other than casual workers; SR30.78 per hour for casual workers.[8][200][201]
7003417000000000000♠4,170

7003628700000000000♠6,287

40[202]
7000200000000000000♠2

7000302000000000000♠3.02

7001231000000000000♠23.1%
000000002014-01-01-00001 January 2014

 Sierra Leone
500,000 Sierra Leonean leones per month.[8][203][204][205]
7003118100000000000♠1,181

7003248000000000000♠2,480

40
6999569999999900000♠0.57

7000119000000000000♠1.19

7002155900000000000♠155.9%
000000002015-01-01-00001 January 2015

 Singapore
None.[8] However, two exceptions were made recently: 1) Cleaner jobs to have a minimum wage of $1,000/month effective January 2014.[206] 2) Security guards to have a minimum wage of $1,100/month effective September 2016.[207]

44

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Slovakia
€405 ($478) per month, or €2.33 ($2.7) per hour.[16][208]
7003547600000000000♠5,476

7003867700000000000♠8,677

40
7000263000000000000♠2.63

7000417000000000000♠4.17

7001300000000000000♠30%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Slovenia
€804.96 ($951) per month.[16][48][209]
7004109150000000000♠10,915

7004144010000000000♠14,401

40
7000525000000000000♠5.25

7000692000000000000♠6.92

7001463000000000000♠46.3%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Solomon Islands
SI$4.00 ($0.55) per hour for all workers except those in the fishing and agricultural sectors, who received SI$3.20 per hour.[8]
7002946000000000000♠946

7002948000000000000♠948

45
6999400000000000000♠0.4

6999410009999900000♠0.41

7001434000000000000♠43.4%
000000002008-05-01-00001 May 2008

 Somalia
None.[8]

48

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 South Africa
not mandatory, but recommended minimum wage in private sector is 2,474 rand[210] per month ($155) except domestic and farm works' wages 1,500 rand ($95),.[8][211]

45

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 South Sudan
None.[212]

000000002011-01-01-00002011

 Spain
€825.65 ($886) per month in 12 payments, €707.70 ($760) per month in 14 payments.[48][213]
7004111950000000000♠11,195

7004130970000000000♠13,097

40
7000538000000000000♠5.38

7000630000000000000♠6.3

7001379000000000000♠37.9%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Sri Lanka
10,000 rupees per month.(US $ 70.75 per month ) [16]
7002824000000000000♠824

7003249900000000000♠2,499

45
6999350000000000000♠0.35

7000107000000000000♠1.07

7001213000000000000♠21.3%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Sudan
425 Sudanese pounds ($70) per month.[58]
7002846000000000000♠846

7003126600000000000♠1,266

40
6999410009999900000♠0.41

6999610000000000000♠0.61

7001303000000000000♠30.3%
000000002008-01-01-00002008

 Suriname
None; SRD 600 ($180) per month is the lowest wage for civil servants.[8]

45

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Swaziland
531.6 Swazi emalangeni ($76.50) per month for a domestic worker; 420 emalangeni ($60.50) a month for an unskilled worker; 600 emalangeni ($86.50) a month for a skilled worker.[57]
7002694000000000000♠694
7003112800000000000♠1,128
48
6999330000000000000♠0.33
6999540000000000000♠0.54
7001190000000000000♠19%
000000002011-01-01-00002011

 Sweden
None; in Sweden the law provides for the right of workers to form and join independent unions to bargain wages collectively, and it prohibits antiunion discrimination.[8]

40

000000002017-01-01-00002017

  Switzerland
20 Swiss francs ($20.18) per hour in Canton Jura and Neuchâtel, the rest of the country has no minimum wage.[214] There are a minority of the voluntary General Labour Contracts (GLC, collective labour agreements), reached on a sector-by-sector basis,[215] contain minimum compensation clauses, which provide for compensation ranging from CHF 2,200 to 4,200 ($2,363 to $4,511) per month for unskilled workers and CHF 2,800 to 5,300 ($3,010 to $5,693) per month for skilled employees.[8] On 18 May 2014, Swiss voters rejected a federalinitiative (by 76.3%) that would have enforced GLCs for every sector and set the hourly minimum wage at CHF 22 ($24.65) or (PPP-adjusted: $12.55).[216][217]

41.7[218][219]

000000002014-01-01-00002014

 Syria
9,765 to 14,760 Syrian pounds ($176–$266) per month, plus benefits, including compensation for meals, uniforms, and transportation.[57]
7003211200000000000♠2,112
7003285000000000000♠2,850
40
7000102000000000000♠1.02
7000137000000000000♠1.37
7001540000000000000♠54%
000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Taiwan
The minimum wage in Taiwan is NT$21,009 ($654 USD) per month; NT$133 ($4.14 USD) per hour.[220][221]
7003836600000000000♠8,366

7004181990000000000♠18,199

40
7000401999999999999♠4.02

7000875000000000000♠8.75

7001389000000000000♠38.9%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Tajikistan
250 Tajikistani somoni ($31) per month, plus certain government subsidies for workers and their families.[57][222]
7002487000000000000♠487

7003144400000000000♠1,444

40
6999230000000000000♠0.23

6999690009999900000♠0.69

7001520000000000000♠52%
000000002013-09-01-00001 September 2013

 Tanzania
Varies by sector from 40,000 Tanzanian shillings per month to 400,000 shillings per month.[8][16]
7002220000000000000♠220

7002616000000000000♠616

45[223]
6998900000000000000♠0.09

6999260000000000000♠0.26

7001231000000000000♠23.1%
000000002013-07-01-00001 July 2013

 Thailand
Ranges from 300 Thai baht ($8) per day and up, depending on the cost of living in various provinces; set by provincial tripartite wage committees that sometimes include only employer representatives.[224][225][226]
7003265200000000000♠2,652

7003722300000000000♠7,223

48
7000106000000000000♠1.06

7000289000000000000♠2.89

7001443000000000000♠44.3%
000000002013-01-01-00001 January 2013

 Timor-Leste
US$115 per month.[8][227]
7003138000000000000♠1,380

7003206200000000000♠2,062

44
6999600000000000000♠0.6

6999900000000000000♠0.9

7001913000000000000♠91.3%
000000002012-06-22-000022 June 2012

 Togo
35,000 ($70) CFA francs per month.[8][16]
7002708000000000000♠708

7003178900000000000♠1,789

40
6999340000000000000♠0.34

6999860000000000000♠0.86

7002122600000000000♠122.6%
000000002012-01-01-00001 January 2012

 Tonga
None[8]

40

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Trinidad and Tobago
TT$15.00 ($2.36) per hour.[228]
7003468200000000000♠4,682

7003559800000000000♠5,598

40
7000225000000000000♠2.25

7000269000000000000♠2.69

7001172000000000000♠17.2%
000000002015-01-01-00001 January 2015

 Tunisia
For the industrial sector: 340 Tunisian dinars ($140) per month for a 48-hour workweek and 290 dinars ($120) per month for a 40‑hour workweek; 9 dinars ($3.70) to 14 dinars ($5.7) per day for agricultural workers; supplemented with transportation and family allowances.[57]
7003116200000000000♠1,162

7003308500000000000♠3,085

48
6999470000000000000♠0.47

7000124000000000000♠1.24

7001271000000000000♠27.1%
000000002011-01-01-00002011

 Turkey
1777.50 Turkish lira per month (gross minimum wage). Net minimum wage after taxes is 1.404.06 Turkish lira per month. Employer pays 2.088.56 Turkish Lira per month including taxes and health insurance.[229]
7003706300000000000♠7,063

7004137920000000000♠13,792

45
7000302000000000000♠3.02

7000589000000000000♠5.89

7001703000000000000♠70.3%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 Turkmenistan
535 Turkmenistani manat ($156) per month.[8][230]
7003183400000000000♠1,834

7003455600000000000♠4,556

40
6999880000000000000♠0.88

7000219000000000000♠2.19

7001276000000000000♠27.6%
000000002015-01-01-00001 January 2015

 Tuvalu
None; the minimum annual salary in the public sector was approximately A$3,000 to A$4,000 ($3,120 to $4,160).[8]

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Uganda
6,000 Ugandan shillings ($1.7) per month.[8][16][36]
7001210000000000000♠21

7001610000000000000♠61

40
6998100000000000000♠0.01

6998300000000000000♠0.03

7000330000000000000♠3.3%
000000001984-01-01-00001 January 1984

 Ukraine
₴3200 (UAH) ($121.75) / month,
18.18 hryvnias ($0.70) / hour.[16][231]
7003150300000000000♠1,503

7003730300000000000♠7,303

40
6999720000000000000♠0.72

7000351000000000000♠3.51

7001923000000000000♠92.3%
000000002017-01-01-00001 January 2017

 United Arab Emirates
None.[8]

48

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 United Kingdom
£7.50 per hour ($9.36) for those aged 25+
£7.05 per hour ($8.80) for those aged 21–24,
£5.60 per hour ($6.99) for those aged 18–20,
£4.05 per hour ($5.05) for under 18,
£3.50 per hour ($4.37) for apprentices aged 16 to 18 and those aged 19 or over who are in their first year.[232]
7004200630000000000♠20,063

7004185770000000000♠18,577

38.1[233]
7001101300000000000♠10.13

7000938000000000000♠9.38

7001450000000000000♠45%
000000002017-04-01-00001 April 2017

 United States
The federal nationwide minimum wage in the United States is US$7.25 per hour.[234] States may also set a minimum, in which case the higher of the two is controlling; some territories are exempt and have lower rates.[235] The lowest minimum wage in the country is in Wyoming and Georgia state at $5.15 per hour.[236][237] Since January 1, 2017, Seattle, Washington, has the highest minimum wage in the United States at $15 an hour.[238]
7004150800000000000♠15,080

7004150800000000000♠15,080

40
7000725000000000000♠7.25

7000725000000000000♠7.25

7001270000000000000♠27%
000000002009-07-24-000024 July 2009

 Uruguay
10,000 Uruguayan pesos ($349) per month. 500 pesos ($17) per day. 50 pesos ($1.7) per hour.[8][239][240]
7003413800000000000♠4,138

7003576600000000000♠5,766

48
7000166000000000000♠1.66

7000231000000000000♠2.31

7001272000000000000♠27.2%
000000002015-01-01-00001 January 2015

 Uzbekistan
107,635 Uzbekistani som ($35) per month.[8][241]
7002503000000000000♠503

7003141700000000000♠1,417

40
6999240000000000000♠0.24

6999680000000000000♠0.68

7001236000000000000♠23.6%
000000002014-09-01-00001 September 2014

 Vanuatu
30,000 Vanuatu vatu ($323) per month, 170 vatu per hour.[8][242]
7003324400000000000♠3,244

7003302900000000000♠3,029

40
7000156000000000000♠1.56

7000146000000000000♠1.46

7002118800000000000♠118.8%
000000002012-08-20-000020 August 2012

 Venezuela
177,507 Venezuelan bolívares (BsF) per month, with a food bonus of 279,000 BsF.[243] 177,507 and 279,000 BsF BsF are $1.77 and $2.79 at the open market exchange rate, which the government considers illegal, or $53.07 and $83.41 at the individually inaccessible for the citizens government exchange rate of 3345.00 (exchange rate known as SIMADI or DICOM).[244]
7001210000000000000♠21

7001120000000000000♠12

40
6998100000000000000♠0.01

6998100000000000000♠0.01

6999100000000000000♠0.1%
000000002017-11-01-00001 November 2017

 Vietnam
Varies by region; Region I: VND 3,500,000 per month; Region II: VND 3,100,000 per month; Region III: VND 2,700,000 per month and Region IV: VND 2,400,000 per month.[8][16]
7003132700000000000♠1,327

7003325900000000000♠3,259

40
6999640000000000000♠0.64

7000157000000000000♠1.57

7001541000000000000♠54.1%
000000002016-01-01-00001 January 2016

 Yemen
None; the minimum civil service wage was 21,000 rials ($100) per month.

48

000000002013-01-01-00002013

 Zambia
Varies by sector; 522,400 Zambian kwacha per month for domestic workers, K1,132,400 per month for shopkeepers, and between K1,132,400 and K2,101,039 for general workers' in categories one to five – which includes receptionists and clerks, among others (wages are inclusive transportation, lunch, and housing allowances).[245][246] Note that the references seem to refer to the old kwacha, which was replaced by the new kwacha in 2012 at the rate 1 new kwacha = 1000 old kwacha.
7002608000000000000♠608

7003194800000000000♠1,948

48
6999240000000000000♠0.24

6999780000000000000♠0.78

7001506000000000000♠50.6%
000000002012-07-04-00004 July 2012

 Zimbabwe
None, except for agricultural and domestic workers; government regulations for each of the 22 industrial sectors specify minimum wages. The minimum wage for all mine workers is currently pegged at $227 per month.[58]

000000002012-01-01-00002012