document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who is the best selling male artist of all time

root

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, this is because more music markets instituted certification systems after 1980s and 1990s.[a] So artists such as Rihanna, Chris Brown, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars, Nicki Minaj and Ed Sheeran are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified units percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[b]

tag: p

text: The requirements of certified units are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified units. In other words, the available certified units for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified units of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified units for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Issued certifications for songs which have been recorded by multiple artists including featured artists are added to each artist's total amount of certified units, as all the artists would have played a significant part in a song. For example, "This Is What You Came For" and "Where Them Girls At" include Rihanna and Flo Rida, Nicki Minaj as featured artists respectively, so the certifications issued for these songs are added to the total amount of certified units for all involved artists. However, the certifications issued for songs that have been recorded by four or more artists are not included as the artists involved would have played minor roles, examples of such songs are Kanye West's "Monster" and/or "All Day".[c]

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Michael Jackson

Elvis Presley

Elton John

Madonna

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

tag: ul

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the tables below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the tables is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

The Beatles

United Kingdom

1960–1970[10]

1962[10]

Rock / Pop[10]

showTotal available certified units: 272 million
US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[a][12]
GER: 8 million[a][13]
UK: 18.445 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[a][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 550,000[a][20]
NLD: 295,000[a][21]
ITA: 380,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[a][23][24]
SWE 485,000[a][25]
DEN: 315,000[a][26][27][28]
SWI: 350,000[a][29]
ARG: 1.606 million[a][30][31]
BEL: 390,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 500,000[a][34]
POL: 175,000[a][35]
NZ: 660,000[a][36][37]

600 million[38][39]500 million[40]

Elvis Presley

United States

1954–1977[41]

1954[41]

Rock and roll / Pop / Country[41]

showTotal available certified units: 224.7 million
US: 199.150 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
GER: 1.2 million[a][13]
UK: 13.345 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.797 million[a][18][42]
BRA: 125,000[a][20]
NLD: 555,000[a][21]
ITA: 105,000[a][22]
SPA: 300,000[a][23][43][44]
SWE 380,000[a][25]
DEN: 120,000[a][45][46][47]
SWI: 185,000[a][29]
MEX: 105,000[a][48]
ARG: 110,000[a][30]
BEL: 115,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 205,000[a][34]
FIN: 213,945[a][49]
NZ: 117,500[a][36][37]

600 million[50][51]500 million[52]

Michael Jackson

United States

1964–2009[53]

1971[53]

Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[53]

showTotal available certified units: 230 million
US: 145.3 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[a][12][54]
GER: 11.275 million[13]
UK: 29.445 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.775 million[a][18][19][56][57][58]
BRA: 280,000[a][20]
NLD: 2.105 million[21]
ITA: 1.195 million[a][22]
SPA: 1.995 million[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 1.310 million[a][25][60]
DEN: 1.334 million[a][61][62][28]
SWI: 910,000[a][29]
MEX: 3.670 million[a][48]
ARG: 124,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 665,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 1.197 million[a][34]
POL: 530,000[a][35]
FIN: 384,127[49]
NZ: 902,500[36][37]

350 million[63][64]300 million[65][66]

Madonna

United States

1979–present[67]

1982[67]

Pop / Dance / Electronica[67]

showTotal available certified units: 172.9 million
US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [a][12][54]
GER: 12.4 million[13]
UK: 29.245 million[14]
FRA: 12.81 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.787 million[a][18][68][69]
BRA: 3.440 million[a][20]
NLD: 1.735 million[21]
ITA: 465,000[a][22]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 1.070 million[a][25][60]
DEN: 407,000[a][61][62][70][28][71][72]
SWI: 1.080 million[a][29]
MEX: 510,000[a][48]
ARG: 1.098[30][31]
BEL: 740,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 602,500[a][34]
POL: 530,000[a][35]
FIN: 652,686[49]
NZ: 417,500[36][37]

300 million[73][74]275 million[75]

Elton John

United Kingdom

1964–present[76]

1969[76]

Pop / Rock[76]

showTotal available certified units: 183 million
US: 129.350 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [a][12]
GER: 7.9 million[a][13]
UK: 23.595 million[a][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 5.975 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.947 million[a][18][77]
BRA: 835,000[a][20]
NLD: 975,000[21]
SPA: 1.2 million[a][23][24][44][59]
SWE: 740,000[a][25]
DEN: 195,000[a][46][62][78][28]
SWI: 1.313 million[a][29]
MEX: 100,000[a][48]
ARG: 128,000[30][31]
BEL: 565,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 765,000[a][34]
POL: 150,000[a][35]
FIN: 163,481[49]
NZ: 255,000[a][36][37]

300 million[79][80]250 million[81][82]

Led Zeppelin

United Kingdom

1968–1980[83]

1969[83]

Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[83]

showTotal available certified units: 140 million
US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [a][12]
GER: 3.775 million[a][13]
UK: 9.530 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[a][15][16][84]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[a][18][85][86]
BRA: 820,000[a][20]
ITA: 465,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[a][24][44][59]
SWI: 211,000[a][29]
ARG: 360,000[a][30]
POL: 120,000[a][35]

300 million[87][88]200 million[89][90]

Pink Floyd

United Kingdom

1965–1996, 2014[91][92]

1967[91]

Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[91]

showTotal available certified units: 120.1 million
US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][93]
GER: 7.5 million[a][13]
UK: 11.720 million[a][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 6.790 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 515,000[a][20]
NLD: 435,000[a][21]
ITA: 2.035 million[a][22]
SPA: 625,000[a][23][24][43][59]
SWE: 220,000[a][25][60]
SWI: 390,000[a][29]
ARG: 582,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 115,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 460,000[a][34]
POL: 590,000[a][35]
NZ: 787,500[a][36][37]

250 million[94][95]200 million[96]

tag: table

text: The column for certified sales includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Eminem

Mariah Carey

Queen

Celine Dion

Whitney Houston

AC/DC

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Rihanna

BarbadosUnited States

2005–present[97]

2005[97]

R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[97]

showTotal available certified units: 264 million
US: 194.55 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][54]
GER: 10.075 million[13]
UK: 32.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.465 million[16]
CAN: 3.120 million[17]
AUS: 9.395 million[18]
BRA: 705,000[20]
ITA: 1.645 million[a][22]
SPA: 1.470 million[23]
SWE: 2.480 million[25][60]
DEN: 1.337[61][62][28][70][78][98][99][27]
SWI: 860,000[29]
MEX: 410,000[48][100]
BEL: 660,000[33]
AUT: 135,000[34]
POL: 520,000[35]
IRE: 240,000[101]
NZ: 682,500[36][37]

230 million[102][103]

Eminem

United States

1996–present[104]

1999[104]

Hip-hop[104]

showTotal available certified units: 219.3 million
US: 163.7 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][54]
GER: 6.7 million[13]
UK: 26.125 million[14]
FRA: 3.288 million[16][84]
CAN: 4.170 million[17]
AUS: 5.947 million[18]
BRA: 220,000[20]
NLD: 250,000[21]
ITA: 790,000[a][22]
SPA: 290,000[23][59]
SWE: 910,000[25][60]
DEN: 751,000[a][61][28]
SWI: 805,000[29]
MEX: 365,000[48]
BEL: 505,000[32][33]
AUT: 362,500[34]
POL: 250,000[35]
FIN: 124,547[49]
IRE: 285,000[a][101]
NZ: 622,500[36][37]

220 million[105][106]200 million[107]

Mariah Carey

United States

1988–present[108]

1990[108]

R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[108]

showTotal available certified units: 139.3 million
US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [a][12][54][109]
GER: 3.750 million[13]
UK: 10.820 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.515 million[a][18][110]
BRA: 835,000[20]
NLD: 1.425 million[21]
ITA: 200,000[a][22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][44][59]
SWE: 425,000[25]
DEN: 280,000[28][111]
SWI: 515,000[29]
BEL: 175,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 200,000[34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
NZ: 240,000[a][36]

200 million[112][113]175 million[114][115]

Queen

United Kingdom

1971–present[116]

1973[116]

Rock[116]

showTotal available certified units: 128.5 million
US: 65 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[a][12][54][117]
GER: 12.375 million[a][13]
UK: 29.275 million[a][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 1.870 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 970,000[a][20]
NLD: 1.990 million[a][21]
ITA: 545,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[a][23][24][43][44]
SWE: 190,000[a][25]
DEN: 250,000[28]
SWI: 1.256 million[a][29]
ARG: 1.080 million[a][30][31]
BEL: 175,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 900,000[a][34]
POL: 810,000[a][35]
FIN: 366,152[49]
NZ: 275,000[a][36][37]

200 million[118]170 million[119]

Celine Dion

Canada

1981–present[120]

1981[120]

Pop[120]

showTotal available certified units: 127.9 million
US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[a][12][121][122]
GER: 8 million[13]
UK: 13.915 million[14]
FRA: 15.768 million[15][16][55][84]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[a][20]
NLD: 2.180 million[21]
SPA: 1 million[44][59]
SWE: 1.105 million[a][25]
DEN: 370,000[a][46][123][124][28]
SWI: 1.685 million[a][29]
ARG: 340,000[30]
BEL: 2.160 million[a][32][33]
AUT: 440,000[a][34]
POL: 680,000[a][35]
FIN: 356,183[49]
NZ: 192,500[36][37]

200 million[125][126]175 million[127][128]

Whitney Houston

United States

1977–2012[129]

1984[129]

R&B / Soul / Pop[129]

showTotal available certified units: 115.7 million
US: 76.775 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[a][12][130]
GER: 5.6 million[a][13]
UK: 15.205 million[14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.755 million[a][18][19][131]
BRA: 1.025[a][20]
NLD: 780,000[21]
ITA: 140,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][43][44]
SWE: 1.035 million[a][25]
DEN: 150,000[62][28]
SWI: 845,000[a][29]
BEL: 215,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 535,000[a][34]
POL: 190,000[a][35]
FIN: 247,222[49]

200 million[132][133]170 million[134][135]

AC/DC

Australia

1973–present[136]

1975[136]

Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[136]

showTotal available certified units: 115 million
US: 79.7 million[11]
GER: 10.3 million[a][13]
UK: 5.5 million[14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[a][17]
AUS: 7.740 million[a][18]
ITA: 775,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.355 million[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 350,000[a][25][60]
DEN: 215,000[62][28][137]
SWI: 894,000[a][29]
ARG: 594,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 100,000[a][33]
AUT: 380,000[a][34]
FIN: 321,169[49]
NZ: 140,000[a][36][37]

200 million[138][139]150 million[140][141]

The Rolling Stones

United Kingdom

1962–present[142]

1963[142]

Rock / Blues rock [142]

showTotal available certified units: 99.1 million
US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[a][12]
GER: 3.8 million[a][13]
UK: 9.170 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.377 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 3.025 million[a][17]
AUS: 417,500[a][18]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 610,000[a][21]
ITA: 230,000[a][22]
SPA: 690,000[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 310,000[a][25]
SWI: 238,000[a][29]
ARG: 718,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 120,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 300,000[a][34]
POL: 140,000[a][35]
NZ: 190,000[a][36][37]

200 million[143][144]

ABBA

Sweden

1972–1982[145]

1972[145]

Pop / Disco[145]

showTotal available certified units: 62.4 million
US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[a][54][146][147]
GER: 10.450 million[a][13]
UK: 19.170 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 2.785 million[a][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[a][18][148]
BRA: 275,000[a][20]
NLD: 1.390 million[a][21]
ITA: 120,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[a][23][43]
SWE: 800,000[a][25]
DEN: 600,000[a][149][150][151]
SWI: 600,000[a][29]
MEX: 260,000[a][48]
ARG: 238,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 380,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 175,000[a][34]
POL: 150,000[a][35]
FIN: 656,319[49]
NZ: 297,500[a][37][152][153]

200 million[154][155]100 million[156]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Justin Bieber

Eagles

Ed Sheeran

Bruno Mars

Kanye West

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Taylor Swift

United States

2006–present[157]

2006[157]

Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[157]

showTotal available certified units: 200.5 million
US: 172.5 million[11]
JPN: 3.050 million[12][54]
GER: 1.750[13]
UK: 10 million[14]
FRA: 300,000[16]
CAN: 4.820 million[17]
AUS: 5.950 million[18]
BRA: 440,000[20]
ITA: 285,000[a][22]
SWE: 280,000[60]
DEN: 140,000>[28]
MEX: 510,000[48][100][158]
AUT: 100,000[34]
NZ: 382,500[36][37]

175 million[159]

Garth Brooks

United States

1989–present[160]

1989[160]

Country[160]

showTotal available certified units: 156.1 million
US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[14]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 350,000[a][18][161]
IRE: 120,000[a][101]

160 million[162]

Eagles

United States

1971–1980, 1994–present[163]

1972[163]

Rock[163]

showTotal available certified units: 149.4 million
US: 127.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[a][12]
GER: 925,000[a][13]
UK:  8.235 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 4.2 million[a][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[a][18][164]
NLD: 540,000[a][21]
SPA: 500,000[a][23][24]
SWE: 140,000[a][25]
DEN: 185,000[a][62][28]
SWI: 290,000[a][29]
FIN: 124,749[49]
NZ: 352,500[a][36][37]

150 million[165]

U2

Ireland

1976–present[166]

1980[166]

Rock[166]

showTotal available certified units: 108.7 million
US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[a][12]
GER: 5.525 million[13]
UK: 18.720 million[14]
FRA: 5.225 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.155 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[a][18][19][167]
BRA: 2.675 million[a][20]
NLD: 945,000[21]
ITA: 880,000[a][22]
SPA: 2.295 million[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 515,000[a][25]
DEN: 558,000[a][61][62][28][78][168]
SWI: 696,000[a][29]
MEX: 835,000[a][48]
ARG: 806,000[30][31]
BEL: 750,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 522,500[a][34]
POL: 370,000[a][35]
FIN: 235,460[49]
IRE: 316,000[a][101]
NZ: 765,000[36][37]

150 million[169]

Billy Joel

United States

1964–present[170]

1971[170]

Pop / Rock[170]

showTotal available certified units: 103.4 million
US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[a][12][171]
GER: 1.250 million[a][13]
UK: 5.715 million[a][14]
FRA: 925,000[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 3.275 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.687[a][18][19]
NLD: 350,000[a][21]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
NZ: 162,500[a][36]

150 million[172]

Phil Collins

United Kingdom

1980–2011, 2015–present[173]

1981[173]

Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[173]

showTotal available certified units: 89.7 million
US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[a][12]
GER: 13.8 million[13]
UK: 16.050 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[a][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[a][20]
NLD: 1.050 million[21]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][44][59]
SWE: 245,000[a][25]
SWI: 973,000[a][29]
ARG: 1.044 million[30][31]
BEL: 330,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 440,000[a][34]
FIN: 182,581[49]
NZ: 122,500[36][37]

150 million[174]

Aerosmith

United States

1970–present[175]

1973[175]

Hard rock[175]

showTotal available certified units: 84.9 million
US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[a][12][54]
GER: 2 million[a][13]
UK: 3.230 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.950 million[a][17]
AUS: 225,000[a][18][176]
BRA: 600,000[a][20]
NLD: 200,000[a][21]
ITA: 100,000[a][22]
SPA: 200,000[a][23][44]
SWE: 260,000[a][25]
SWI: 145,000[a][29]
MEX: 230,000[a][48]
ARG: 338,000[a][30][31]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
FIN: 101,722[49]

150 million[177]

Frank Sinatra

United States

1935–1995[178]

1939[178]

Pop / Swing[178]

showTotal available certified units: 37.5 million
US: 28.2 million[a][11]
GER: 1 million[a][13]
UK: 5.645 million[a][14]
FRA: 600,000[a][15]
CAN: 650,000[a][17]
AUS: 315,000[a][18][179]
BRA: 350,000[a][20]
SPA: 500,000[a][24][44][59]
SWE: 130,000[a][25]
ARG: 188,000[a][30][31]

150 million[180]

Barbra Streisand

United States

1960–present[181]

1963[181]

Pop / Adult contemporary[181]

showTotal available certified units: 98.2 million
US: 82.450 million[11]
GER: 750,000[a][13]
UK: 5.765 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 2.650 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.152 million[a][18]
NLD: 710,000[a][21]
SPA: 150,000[a][59]
SWE: 120,000[25][60]
FIN: 186,501[a][49]
NZ: 137,500[a][36]

145 million[182]

Justin Bieber

CanadaUnited States

2008–present[183]

2009[183]

Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[183]

showTotal available certified units: 153.1 million
US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 850,000 [12][54]
GER: 4 million[13]
UK:  19.285 million[14]
FRA: 1.098[16]
CAN: 5.780 million[17]
AUS: 4.935 million[18]
BRA: 810,000[20]
ITA: 1.945 million[22]
SPA: 880,000[23]
SWE: 2.020 million[25][60]
DEN: 2.535 million[28]
MEX: 2.970 million[48][100]
BEL: 450,000[33]
POL: 370,000[35]
AUT: 140,000[34]
NZ: 615,000[36]

140 million[184]

Kanye West

United States

1996–present[185]

2004[185]

Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[185]

showTotal available certified units: 127.3 million
US: 107.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[186]
GER: 1.350[13]
UK: 13.860 million[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 160,000[a][22]
SWE: 160,000[60]
DEN: 510,000[62][28][70][187]
NZ: 112,500[36][37]

132 million[188]

Bruno Mars

United States

2004–present[189]

2010[189]

Pop rock / R&B[189]

showTotal available certified units: 130.4 million
US: 91.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.2 million[12][54]
GER: 3.6 million[13]
UK: 16.2 million[14]
FRA: 1.950 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.950 million[18]
ITA: 760,000[a][22]
SPA: 490,000[23]
SWE: 440,000[25][60]
DEN: 480,000[a][28][190]
SWI: 405,000[29]
MEX: 810,000[48][158]
BEL: 360,000[33]
AUT: 180,000[34]
NZ: 592,500[36]
PHL: 330,000[191]

130 million[192]

Ed Sheeran

United Kingdom

2004–present[193]

2011[193]

Pop / Folk pop [193]

showTotal available certified units: 143 million
US: 67.5 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[12][54]
GER: 8.050 million[13]
UK: 39.160 million[14]
FRA: 1.691 million[16]
CAN: 6.920 million[17]
AUS: 8.085 million[18]
NLD: 330,000[21]
ITA: 2.670 million[22]
SPA: 860,000[23]
SWE: 1.360 million[60]
DEN: 2.635 million[28]
SWI: 635,000[29]
MEX: 180,000[48]
BEL: 665,000[33]
AUT: 355,000[34]
POL: 360,000[35]
NZ: 1.275 million[36]

126 million[194]

Bruce Springsteen

United States

1972–present[195]

1973[195]

Rock[195]

showTotal available certified units: 103.1 million
US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[a][12]
GER: 4.325 million[a][13]
UK: 7.745 million[14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.2 million[a][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[a][18]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 740,000[a][21]
ITA: 600,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.730 million[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 810,000[a][25][60]
DEN: 255,000[a][61][28][70][196]
SWI: 400,000[a][29]
BEL: 155,000[33]
AUT: 290,000[a][34]
FIN: 449,800[49]
IRE: 189,500[a][101]
NZ: 375,000[36][37]

120 million[197]

Metallica

United States

1981–present[198]

1983[198]

Heavy metal / Thrash metal[198]

showTotal available certified units: 95.6 million
US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[a][12]
GER: 4.025 million[13]
UK: 3.535 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.885 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[a][18][19][199]
BRA: 380,000[a][20]
NLD: 460,000[21]
ITA: 180,000[a][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][44][59]
SWE: 675,000[a][25]
DEN: 180,000[28][62]
SWI: 560,000[a][29]
MEX: 430,000[a][48][100]
ARG: 874,000[30][31]
BEL: 385,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 340,000[a][34]
POL: 735,000[a][35]
FIN: 530,676[49]
NZ: 315,000[36][37]

120 million[200]

Bee Gees

United Kingdom Australia[201][202]

1963–20032009–2012[203]

1963[203]

Pop / Disco[203]

showTotal available certified units: 69.3 million
US: 42.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12][204][205]
GER: 6.675 million[a][13]
UK: 9.525 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 3.215 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[a][18]
BRA: 350,000[a][20]
NLD: 540,000[a][21]
SPA: 450,000[a][24][43][59]
SWI: 415,000[a][29]
ARG: 188,000[a][30][31]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
NZ: 380,000[a][36][37]

120 million[206]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Lil Wayne

Jay-Z

B'z

Coldplay

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Lady Gaga

United States

2005–present[207]

2008[207]

Pop / Dance / Electronic[207]

showTotal available certified units: 102.5 million
US: 69.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][54]
GER: 4.1 million[13]
UK: 11.785 million[14]
FRA: 1.697 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
BRA: 470,000[20]
NLD: 130,000[21]
ITA: 840,000[a][22]
SPA: 410,000[23]
SWE: 680,000[25][60]
DEN: 340,000[62][28][27]
SWI: 445,000[29]
MEX: 420,000[48][100][158]
BEL: 270,000[33]
AUT: 182,500[34]
POL: 130,000[35]
IRE: 165,000[101]
NZ: 277,500[36][37]

114 million[208]

Katy Perry

United States

2001–present[209]

2008[209]

Pop[209]

showTotal available certified units: 137.9 million
US: 104 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12][54]
GER: 3.8 million[13]
UK: 13.010 million[14]
FRA: 867,000[16]
CAN: 6.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.3 million[18]
BRA: 625,000[20]
ITA: 790,000[a][22]
SPA: 180,000[23]
SWE: 600,000[25][60]
DEN: 235,000[61][28]
SWI: 160,000[29]
MEX: 960,000[48][100][158]
BEL: 135,000[33]
AUT: 247,500[34]
NZ: 360,000[36][37]

100 million[210]

Adele

United Kingdom

2006–present[211]

2008[211]

Pop, soul[211]

showTotal available certified units: 107.5 million
US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
GER: 4.7 million[13]
UK: 21.350 million[14]
CAN: 7.280 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
BRA: 1.310 million[20]
NLD: 380,000[21]
ITA: 1.570 million[a][22]
SPA: 800,000[23]
SWE: 320,000[25][60]
DEN: 882,500[61][28]
MEX: 1.490 million[48]
SWI: 510,000[29]
BEL: 795,000[33]
POL: 300,000[a][35]
FIN: 151,639[49]
NZ: 622,500[36]

100 million[212]

Lil Wayne

United States

1996–present[213]

1999[213]

Hip-hop[213]

showTotal available certified units: 101.8 million
US: 94.7 million[11]
GER: 300,000[13]
UK:  3.060 million[14]
FRA: 100,000[16]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 630,000[18]

100 million[214]

Jay-Z

United States

1996–present[215]

1996[215]

Hip-hop[215]

showTotal available certified units: 101.3 million
US: 84.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[54]
GER: 2 million[13]
UK:  9.720 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 215,000[a][22]
SWE: 130,000[25][60]
DEN: 140,000[61][28]
BEL: 100,000[33]

100 million[216]

B'z

Japan

1988–present[217]

1988[217]

Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[217]

showTotal available certified units: 85.8 million
JPN: 85.85 million[a][12][54][109]

100 million[218]

Coldplay

United Kingdom

1996–present[219]

1999[219]

Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[219]

showTotal available certified units: 85.3 million
US: 31.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][54]
GER: 4.550 million[13]
UK: 26.845 million[14]
FRA: 3.013[16]
CAN: 3.585 million[17]
AUS: 3.865 million[18]
BRA: 340,000[20]
NLD: 390,000[21]
ITA: 2.910 million[a][22]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
SWE: 750,000[25][60]
DEN: 894,000[61][28]
SWI: 550,000[29]
MEX: 1.890 million[48][100]
ARG: 528,000[30][31]
BEL: 765,000[33]
AUT: 197,500[34]
POL: 320,000[a][35]
IRE: 210,000[a][101]
NZ: 345,000[36]

100 million[220]

Bon Jovi

United States

1983–present[221]

1983[221]

Hard rock / Glam metal[221]

showTotal available certified units: 85.2 million
US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.4 million[a][12][54]
GER: 5.650 million[13]
UK: 9.690 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][55]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[a][18][222][223]
BRA: 435,000[a][20]
NLD: 710,000[21]
ITA: 210,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 365,000[a][25][60]
SWI: 1.275 million[a][29]
MEX: 250,000[a][48]
ARG: 358,000[30][31]
BEL: 290,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 725,000[a][34]
POL: 120,000[a][35]
FIN: 422,500[49]
NZ: 210,000[36][37]

100 million[224]

Beyoncé

United States

1997–present[225]

2002[225][226]

R&B / Pop[225]

showTotal available certified units: 84.7 million
US: 57.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][54]
GER: 1.550 million[13]
UK: 16.045 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][84]
CAN: 1.475 million[17]
AUS: 3.255 million[18]
BRA: 390,000[20]
ITA: 310,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.190 million[a][23][227]
SWE: 120,000[25][60]
DEN: 312,500[62][28][70][27][228][229]
SWI: 165,000[29]
MEX: 110,000[48]
BEL: 135,000[33]
POL: 110,000[35]
NZ: 210,000[36][37]

100 million[230]

Linkin Park

United States

1996–present[231]

2000[231]

Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[231]

showTotal available certified units: 83.5 million
US: 61.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][54]
GER: 5.850 million[13]
UK: 7.2 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
BRA: 595,000[20]
ITA: 765,000[a][22]
SPA: 175,000[23]
SWE: 165,000[25][60]
DEN: 205,000[61][28]
SWI: 435,000[29]
MEX: 225,000[48]
BEL: 140,000[33]
AUT: 252,500[34]
POL: 220,000[35]
FIN: 120,469[49]
NZ: 252,500[36][37]

100 million[232]

Fleetwood Mac

United Kingdom United States

1967–present[233]

1968[233]

Rock / Pop[233]

showTotal available certified units: 82.9 million
US: 56.250 million[11]
UK: 14.785 million[a][14]
GER: 3.5 million[a][13]
FRA: 800,000[a][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[a][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[a][17]
NLD: 590,000[a][21]
SPA: 300,000[a][44][59]
SWI: 100,000[a][29]
BEL: 100,000[a][33]
NZ: 572,500[a][37][234][235]

100 million[236]

Britney Spears

United States

1998–present[237]

1998[237]

Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[237]

showTotal available certified units: 82.4 million
US: 46.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][130]
GER: 5.350 million[13]
UK: 10.950 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.165 million[18]
BRA: 380,000[20]
NLD: 665,000[21]
ITA: 200,000[a][22]
SPA: 990,000[23][44][59]
SWE: 1.010 million[25][60]
DEN: 225,000[a][61][62][238]
SWI: 485,000[29]
MEX: 1.175 million[a][48]
ARG: 248,000[30][31]
BEL: 935,000[32][33]
AUT: 365,000[34]
POL: 210,000[35]
FIN: 143,627[49]
NZ: 240,000[36][37]

100 million[239]

Rod Stewart

United Kingdom

1964–present[240]

1969[240]

Rock / Pop[240]

showTotal available certified units: 78.3 million
US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[a][12]
GER: 3.8 million[a][13]
UK: 18.690 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 4.055 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[a][20]
NLD: 140,000[a][21]
SPA: 290,000[a][23][24][43]
SWE: 440,000[a][25]
SWI: 100,000[a][29]
ARG: 524,000[a][30][31]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]
POL: 220,000[a][35]
IRE: 195,000[a][101]
NZ: 280,000[a][36][37]

100 million[241]

Guns N' Roses

United States

1985–present[242]

1987[242]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[242]

showTotal available certified units: 75.6 million
US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[a][12]
GER: 4.1 million[13]
UK: 6.550 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[a][18][19][164]
BRA: 1.9 million[a][20]
NLD: 705,000[21]
ITA: 710,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][43]
SWE: 485,000[25]
DEN: 215,000[a][28][243]
SWI: 365,000[a][29]
MEX: 760,000[a][48]
ARG: 1.248 million[a][30][31]
BEL: 165,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 365,000[34]
POL: 160,000[a][35]
IRE: 105,000[a][101]
NZ: 270,000[36][37]

100 million[244]

Backstreet Boys

United States

1993–present[245]

1995[245]

Pop[245]

showTotal available certified units: 73 million
US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][54][246]
GER: 7 million[13]
UK: 4.875 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[a][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[20]
NLD: 830,000[21]
SPA: 1.850 million[44][59]
SWE: 655,000[25]
DEN: 165,000[a][247][248][28]
SWI: 415,000[29]
MEX: 1.475 million[a][48]
ARG: 740,000[30]
BEL: 450,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 325,000[34]
POL: 300,000[35]
FIN: 171,390[49]
NZ: 132,500[36]

100 million[249]

George Strait

United States

1981–present[250]

1984[250]

Country[250]

showTotal available certified units: 72.8 million
US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[251]

Neil Diamond

United States

1966–present[252]

1966[252]

Pop / Rock[252]

showTotal available certified units: 68.9 million
US: 55.9 million[11]
GER: 1 million[a][13]
UK:  7.330 million[a][14]
FRA: 400,000[a][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.085 million[a][18][253]
NLD: 250,000[a][21]
SPA: 100,000[a][43]
NZ: 127,500[a][36][37]

100 million[254]

Santana

United States

1966–present[255]

1969[255]

Rock[255]

showTotal available certified units: 65.2 million
US: 50.295 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[a][12]
GER: 2.4 million[a][13]
UK: 2.980 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 1.660 million[a][17]
AUS: 855,000[a][18]
BRA: 375,000[a][20]
NLD: 540,000[a][21]
SPA: 450,000[a][44][59]
SWE: 125,000[a][25]
SWI: 375,000[a][29]
MEX: 405,000[a][48]
ARG: 158,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 190,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 145,000[a][34]
POL: 205,000[a][35]
NZ: 135,000[a][36][37]

100 million[256]

Prince

United States

1976–2016[257]

1978[257]

Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[257]

showTotal available certified units: 65.1 million
US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
GER: 2.4 million[13]
UK: 7.245 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[a][18][19]
NLD: 670,000[a][21]
SPA: 700,000[a][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 100,000[25]
SWI: 250,000[a][29]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
NZ: 177,500[a][36]

100 million[258]

Kenny Rogers

United States

1958–present[259]

1975[259]

Country / Pop[259]

showTotal available certified units: 61.4 million
US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][260]
UK: 2.520 million[14]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[a][261][262]
SPA: 100,000[a][43]

100 million[263]

Paul McCartney

United Kingdom

1960–present[264]

1970[264]

Rock[264]

showTotal available certified units: 60.6 million
US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[a][12]
GER: 1.525 million[a][13]
UK: 12.425 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 1.955 million[a][17]
AUS: 465,000[a][18][19]
SPA: 640,000[a][24][43]
SWE: 210,000[a][60][265]
DEN: 210,000[a][62][28]

100 million[266]

Simon & Garfunkel

United States

1956–present[267]

1964[267]

Folk rock[267]

showTotal available certified units: 59.4 million
US: 42.6 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[a][12]
GER: 2.325 million[a][13]
UK: 6.820 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.9 million[a][15]
CAN: 1.425 million[a][17]
AUS: 390,000[a][18][19]
NLD: 300,000[a][21]
ITA: 100,000[a][22]
SWE: 150,000[a][25]
SWI: 450,000[a][29]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]
FIN: 163,350[a][49]

100 million[268]

Janet Jackson

United States

1982–present[269]

1982[269]

R&B / Pop[269]

showTotal available certified units: 52.5 million
US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [a][12]
GER: 1.4 million[13]
UK: 4.760 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[a][18][19]
NLD: 400,000[21]
SPA: 150,000[44][59]
SWE: 105,000[a][25]
SWI: 170,000[a][29]
BEL: 125,000[a][32]

100 million[270]

Julio Iglesias

Spain

1968–present[271]

1968[271]

Latin[271]

showTotal available certified units: 51.2 million
US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[a][272]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 1.620 million[a][14][272]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][55][272]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 505,000[a][18][272]
BRA: 12.475 million[a][20][272]
NLD: 1.2 million[a][21][272]
ITA: 400,000[a][22][272]
SPA: 8.7 million[a][23][24][43][44][59][272]
SWE: 290,000[a][25][272]
MEX: 2.975 million[a][48][272]
ARG: 3.220 million[a][30][272]
BEL: 125,000[a][272][33]
FIN: 131,636[a][49]

100 million[273]

Chicago

United States

1967–present[274]

1969[274]

Rock / Pop[274]

showTotal available certified units: 48.4 million
US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[a][12][275]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 1.490 million[a][14]
FRA: 100,000[a][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
NLD: 100,000[a][21]
SPA: 100,000[a][24]

100 million[276]

Dire Straits

United Kingdom

1977–1995[277]

1978[277]

Rock [277]

showTotal available certified units: 46.5 million
US: 15.5 million[11]
GER: 3.750 million[13]
UK: 11.8 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 175,000[a][20]
NLD: 900,000[21]
ITA: 385,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[a][23][24][43][44]
SWE: 360,000[a][25]
DEN: 195,000[a][62][61][28]
SWI: 1 million[a][29]
BEL: 100,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 300,000[a][34]
FIN: 471,530[49]
NZ: 155,000[a][37]

100 million[278]

Bob Dylan

United States

1959–present[279]

1963[279]

Folk / Rock[279]

showTotal available certified units: 45.3 million
US: 35.6 million[11]
GER: 625,000[a][13]
UK: 6.065 million[a][14]
FRA: 800,000[a][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[a][17]
AUS: 480,000[a][18]
SWI: 175,000[a][29]
NZ: 105,000[a][36]

100 million[280]

Def Leppard

United Kingdom

1977–present[281]

1979[281]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[281]

showTotal available certified units: 42.3 million
US: 36.150 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
UK: 1.960 million[14]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][282]
SWE: 150,000[a][25]
SWI: 125,000[a][29]
MEX: 200,000[a][48]

100 million[283]

Cher

United States

1964–present[284]

1965[284]

Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[284]

showTotal available certified units: 41.2 million
US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 4.175 million[a][13]
UK: 6.710 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[a][16][55]
CAN: 1.340 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[a][18][285]
BRA: 125,000[a][20]
NLD: 375,000[a][21][286][287]
ITA: 300,000[a][288]
SPA: 600,000[a][44][59][288]
SWE: 850,000[a][25][60]
SWI: 295,000[a][29]
MEX: 200,000[a][48]
DEN: 370,000[a][288][28]
ARG: 106,000[a][30][272]
BEL: 275,000[a][32]
AUT: 250,000[a][34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
NZ: 150,000[36][289]

100 million[290]

Genesis

United Kingdom

1967–19992006–present[291]

1969[291]

Progressive rock / Pop rock[291]

showTotal available certified units: 40.2 million
US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 5.875 million[a][13]
UK: 7.325 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[a][17]
NLD: 300,000[a][21]
SPA: 250,000[a][23][24][43]
SWE: 100,000[a][25]
SWI: 400,000[a][29]

100 million[292]

Olivia Newton-John

Australia

1966–present[293]

1966[293]

Pop[293]

showTotal available certified units: 35.9 million
US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 3.950 million[a][14]
FRA: 1 million[55]
CAN: 3.025 million[a][17]
AUS: 450,000[a][18][19][294]
NLD: 150,000[a][21]

100 million[295]

James Taylor

United States

1968–present[296]

1970[296]

Rock / Pop[296]

showTotal available certified units: 35.5 million
US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[a][14]
CAN: 100,000[a][17]
AUS: 100,000[a][18]

100 million[297]

Stevie Wonder

United States

1961–present[298]

1962[298]

Funk / R&B / Soul[298]

showTotal available certified units: 35.1 million
US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[a][12]
GER: 500,000[a][13]
UK: 8.485 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[a][15][55]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
NLD: 250,000[a][21]
SPA: 250,000[a][43]

100 million[299]

David Bowie

United Kingdom

1962–2016[300]

1967[300]

Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[300]

showTotal available certified units: 34.4 million
US: 13.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[a][12]
GER: 525,000[a][13]
UK: 13.495 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 2.315 million[a][17]
AUS: 635,000[a][18][77]
NLD: 465,000[a][21]
ITA: 420,000[a][22]
SPA: 170,000[a][23][24][43]
NZ: 142,500[a][36]

100 million[301]

Tina Turner

United States

1955–present[302]

1975[302]

Rock / Pop[302]

showTotal available certified units: 33.4 million
US: 12.7 million[11]
GER: 6.050 million[13]
UK: 8.145 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[a][18][19]
NLD: 565,000[a][21]
SPA: 700,000[a][23][24][43][44]
SWE: 330,000[a][25]
SWI: 565,000[a][29]
BEL: 190,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 630,000[a][34]
POL: 120,000[a][35]
FIN: 241,954[49]

100 million[303]

Linda Ronstadt

United States

1967–present[304]

1968[304]

Rock / Folk / Country[304]

showTotal available certified units: 32.5 million
US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[a][14]
FRA: 100,000[a][15]
CAN: 500,000[a][17]

100 million[305]

Donna Summer

United States

1968–2012[306]

1974[306]

Pop / Disco / R&B[306]

showTotal available certified units: 30.9 million
US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[a][14]
FRA: 900,000[a][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[a][17]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 100,000[a][21]
SPA: 100,000[a][44]

100 million[307]

The Beach Boys

United States

1961–present[308]

1962[308]

Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[308]

showTotal available certified units: 30.7 million
US: 25.6 million[11]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 3.610 million[a][14]
FRA: 400,000[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 100,000[a][17]
AUS: 492,500[a][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[a][43][44]

100 million[309]

The Who

United Kingdom

1964–present[310]

1965[310]

Rock / Hard rock[310]

showTotal available certified units: 27.5 million
US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 4.565 million[a][14]
FRA: 300,000[a][15]
CAN: 425,000[a][17]
ITA: 125,000[a][22]

100 million[311]

Barry White

United States

1972–2003[312]

1973[312]

R&B / Soul[312]

showTotal available certified units: 21.7 million
US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.1 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[a][17]
SPA: 200,000[a][59]
BEL: 175,000[a][33]

100 million[313]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
Drake

Maroon 5

Chris Brown

Nicki Minaj

Flo Rida

Shania Twain

Pink

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Drake

Canada

2001–present[314]

2009[314]

Hip-hop / R&B / Pop[314]

showTotal available certified units: 240.7 million
US: 202.72 million[11]
GER: 2.050 million[13]
UK: 21.7 million[14]
FRA: 1.69 million[16]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 2.520 million[18]
ITA: 1.080 million[22]
SPA: 380,000[23]
SWE: 1.150 million[25][60]
DEN: 1.330[28]
MEX: 960,000[48][315]
BEL: 215,000[33]
NZ: 322,500[36]

96 million[316]

Maroon 5

United States

1994–present[317]

2002[317]

Pop rock / Funk rock / Dance-pop[317]

showTotal available certified units: 102.9 million
US: 71 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[12][54]
GER: 2.550[13]
UK: 10.960 million[14]
FRA: 842,000[16]
CAN: 4.325 million[17]
AUS: 3.185 million[18]
BRA: 490,000[20]
ITA: 860,000[a][22]
SPA: 270,000[a][23]
SWE: 850,000[25][60]
DEN: 607,500[a][28][62][61]
MEX: 3.515 million[48][318]
BEL: 105,000[33]
NZ: 375,000[36]

90 million[319]

Shania Twain

Canada

1993–present[320]

1993[320]

Country pop[320]

showTotal available certified units: 77.1 million
US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12]
GER: 1.750 million[13]
UK: 7.395 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][55]
CAN: 6.880 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[a][18]
BRA: 475,000[20]
NLD: 540,000[21]
SPA: 100,000[59]
SWE: 330,000[25]
DEN: 210,000[a][61][28]
SWI: 310,000[29]
MEX: 100,000[a][48]
ARG: 120,000[30]
BEL: 250,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 115,000[34]
NZ: 402,500[36][37]

90 million[321]

Pink

United States

1995–present[322]

2000[322]

Pop, Pop rock, R&B[322]

showTotal available certified units: 71.8 million
US: 32.225 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12]
GER: 5.725 million[13]
UK: 14.675 million[14]
FRA: 1.198 million[16][55]
CAN: 4.130 million[17]
AUS: 9.870 million[18]
NLD: 175,000[21]
ITA: 425,000[a][22]
SWE: 530,000[25]
SWI: 565,000[29]
DEN: 281,500[61][28]
MEX: 360,000[48]
BEL: 235,000[33]
AUT: 417,500[34]
POL: 100,000[35]
NZ: 495,000[36][37]

90 million[323]

The Carpenters

United States

1969–1983[324]

1969[324]

Pop[324]

showTotal available certified units: 46 million
US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[a][12][122][325]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 7.950 million[a][14]
CAN: 275,000[a][17]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]

90 million[326]

Lionel Richie

United States

1968–present[327]

1981[327]

Pop / R&B[327]

showTotal available certified units: 40.8 million
US: 28.650 million[11]
GER: 1.050 million[a][13]
UK: 6.555 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[a][17]
AUS: 260,000[a][18][328]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 180,000[21]
SPA: 150,000[24][43]
SWI: 145,000[a][29]

90 million[329]

Earth, Wind & Fire

United States

1969–present[330]

1971[330]

Funk / R&B / Soul[330]

showTotal available certified units: 36.1 million
US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[a][12][331][332]
UK: 2.725 million[14]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]
NLD: 250,000[a][21]

90 million[333]

Johnny Cash

United States

1954–2003[334]

1956[334]

Country / Rock and roll / Gospel[334]

showTotal available certified units: 31.1 million
US: 25.7 million[11]
GER: 550,000[a][13]
UK: 3.910 million[a][14]
CAN: 490,000[a][17]
AUS: 522,500[a][18]

90 million[335]

Justin Timberlake

United States

1992–present[336]

2002[336]

Pop, R&B, Neo soul[336]

showTotal available certified units: 67.4 million
US: 43.2 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
GER: 3.050 million[13]
UK: 12.780 million[14]
FRA: 678,000[16][55]
CAN: 2.720 million[17]
AUS: 2.450 million[18]
NLD: 105,000[21]
ITA: 345,000[a][22]
SPA: 120,000[59]
SWE: 210,000[25]
DEN: 485,000[61][28]
SWI: 230,000[29]
MEX: 330,000[48]
BEL: 300,000[33]
POL: 190,000[35]
NZ: 185,000[36]

88 million[337]

Chris Brown

United States

2005–present[338]

2005[338]

Pop / R&B, Hip-hop [338]

showTotal available certified units: 101.2 million
US: 84.050 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[54]
GER: 450,000[13]
UK: 11.1 million[14]
CAN: 770,000[17]
AUS: 2.730 million[18]
BRA: 570,000[20]
ITA: 140,000[22]
SWE: 330,000[60]
DEN: 337,500[28]
MEX: 150,000[48]
NZ: 275,000[36]

86 million[339]

Nicki Minaj

United States

2008–present[340]

2010[340]

Hip-hop, Pop[340]

showTotal available certified units: 88.1 million
US: 70.5 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[54]
GER: 1.150 million[13]
UK:  9.3 million[14]
FRA: 566,000[16]
CAN: 920,000[17]
AUS: 3.150 million[18]
BRA: 250,000[20]
ITA: 485,000[22]
SPA: 220,000[23]
SWE: 420,000[25][60]
DEN: 220,000[28]
SWI: 120,000[29]
MEX: 150,000[48][100]
NZ: 247,500[36]

85 million[341]

R.E.M.

United States

1980–2011[342]

1983[342]

Alternative rock[342]

showTotal available certified units: 42.8 million
US: 21.150 million[11]
GER: 4.275 million[13]
UK: 8.765 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[a][18][19]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 100,000[21]
ITA: 225,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][44][59]
SWE: 500,000[a][25]
DEN: 155,000[a][61][62]
SWI: 450,000[a][29]
ARG: 158,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 185,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 350,000[a][34]
IRE: 127,500[a][101]
NZ: 105,000[36]

85 million[343]

Flo Rida

United States

2007–present[344]

2007[344]

Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[344]

showTotal available certified units: 77.5 million
US: 55.5 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[a][12][54]
GER: 3.7 million[13]
UK: 8.160 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 3.090 million[17]
AUS: 3.605 million[a][18]
ITA: 360,000[a][22]
SPA: 140,000[59]
SWE: 780,000[25]
SWI: 420,000[29]
DEN: 205,000[a][28]
MEX: 330,000[a][48]
AUT: 180,000[34]
NZ: 247,500[36][37]

80 million[345]

Van Halen

United States

1978–present[346]

1978[346]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[346]

showTotal available certified units: 64.5 million
US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[a][12][130]
GER: 1.5 million[13]
UK: 740,000[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[a][20]
NLD: 200,000[21]

80 million[347]

Ayumi Hamasaki

Japan

1998–present[348]

1998[348]

J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[348]

showTotal available certified units: 64.3 million
JPN: 64.3 million[12][54][109]

80 million[349][350]

Red Hot Chili Peppers

United States

1983–present[351]

1987[351]

Funk rock / Alternative rock[351]

showTotal available certified units: 59.7 million
US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[a][12][54]
GER: 2.650 million[13]
UK:  10.995 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.625 million[a][18][19][352]
BRA: 515,000[a][20]
NLD: 660,000[21]
ITA: 610,000[a][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][44][59]
SWE: 390,000[a][25]
SWI: 405,000[a][29]
MEX: 150,000[a][48]
DEN: 227,000[a][61][62][70][28]
BEL: 195,000[a][33]
ARG: 406,000[30][31]
AUT: 247,500[a][34]
POL: 245,000[a][35]
FIN: 171,951[49]
NZ: 285,000[36][37]

80 million[353]

Foreigner

United StatesUnited Kingdom

1976–present[354]

1977[354]

Rock / Hard Rock[354]

showTotal available certified units: 49.3 million
US: 45.1 million[11]
GER: 1.5 million[13]
UK: 1.3 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[a][18]
NLD: 150,000[21]
SWI: 125,000[a][29]

80 million[355]

George Michael

United Kingdom

1981–2016[356]

1984[356]

Pop[356]

showTotal available certified units: 48 million
US: 20.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
GER: 2.4 million[13]
UK: 12.850 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 1.870 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[a][20]
NLD: 1.140 million[21]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 310,000[a][25]
DEN: 400,000[61][28][70][357]
SWI: 335,000[a][29]
ARG: 118,000[30][31]
BEL: 315,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 140,000[a][34]
POL: 340,000[a][35]
NZ: 140,000[36][37]

80 million[358]

The Doors

United States

1965–1973[359]

1967[359]

Psychedelic rock[359]

showTotal available certified units: 47.9 million
US: 37.6 million[11]
GER: 1.750 million[a][13]
UK: 2.040 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[a][18]
BRA: 100,000[20]
ITA: 130,000[a][22]
SPA: 300,000[a][43][59]
SWI: 125,000[a][29]
ARG: 150,000[a][30]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]

80 million[360]

Reba McEntire

United States

1975–present[361]

1987[361]

Country / Country Pop[361]

showTotal available certified units: 42.7 million
US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[362]

Meat Loaf

United States

1968–present[363]

1977[363]

Rock / Hard rock[363]

showTotal available certified units: 44.2 million
US: 25.6 million[11]
GER: 2.350 million[13]
UK: 9.665 million[14]
CAN: 3.380 million[17]
AUS: 2.522 million[a][18][19]
NLD: 425,000[21]
SWE: 100,000[a][25]
SWI: 115,000[a][29]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]

80 million[364]

Tom Petty

United States

1976–2017[365]

1977[365]

Rock[365]

showTotal available certified units: 34.7 million
US: 31.250 million[11]
GER: 500,000[13]
UK: 1.060 million[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[a][25]

80 million[366]

Johnny Hallyday

France

1957–2017[367]

1960[367]

Rock / Pop[367]

showTotal available certified units: 26.6 million
FRA: 25.794 million[a][15][16][55][84][368]
SWI: 268,000[a][29]
BEL: 540,000[a][32][33]

80 million[369]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

Tim McGraw

The Black Eyed Peas

Christina Aguilera

Usher

R. Kelly

Robbie Williams

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas

United States

1995–present[370]

1998[370]

Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[370]

showTotal available certified units: 58.8 million
US: 31.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][54]
GER: 3.3 million[13]
UK: 10.8 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
BRA: 255,000[20]
NLD: 160,000[21]
ITA: 365,000[a][22]
SPA: 460,000[23]
SWE: 300,000[25][60]
DEN: 161,000[a][28][70][27][61]
SWI: 460,000[29]
MEX: 390,000[a][48]
BEL: 460,000[33]
IRE: 135,000[a][101]
NZ: 340,000[36][37]

76 million[371]

Journey

United States

1973–present[372]

1975[372]

Rock / Soft rock[372]

showTotal available certified units: 62.1 million
US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12][373]
UK: 1.4 million[14]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[374]

Tim McGraw

United States

1990–present[375]

1994[375]

Country[375]

showTotal available certified units: 61.7 million
US: 60.150 million[11]
UK: 200,000[14]
CAN: 1.375 million[17]

75 million[376]

Christina Aguilera

United States

1993–present[377]

1999[377]

R&B / Pop / Rock[377]

showTotal available certified units: 57.6 million
US: 37.7 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[12][54]
GER: 2.075 million[13]
UK: 7.870 million[14]
FRA: 575,000[16]
CAN: 2.940 million[17]
AUS: 2.620 million[18]
BRA: 100,000[20]
NLD: 170,000[21]
ITA: 150,000[a][22]
SPA: 310,000[a][23][59]
SWE: 500,000[25][60]
DEN: 220,500[a][62][28][70]
SWI: 225,000[29]
MEX: 885,000[48]
ARG: 100,000[30]
BEL: 240,000[33]
AUT: 140,000[34]
NZ: 195,000[36]

75 million[378]

Usher

United States

1991–present[379]

1994[379]

R&B / Pop[379]

showTotal available certified units: 56.4 million
US: 41.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][54]
GER: 1.150[13]
UK: 8.925 million[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[25][60]
DEN: 137,500[a][28][62]
SWI: 170,000[29]
NZ: 150,000[36]

75 million[380]

R. Kelly

United States

1989–present[381]

1991[381]

R&B / Soul / Hip-hop[381]

showTotal available certified units: 55.6 million
US: 46.9 million[11]
GER: 1.4 million[13]
UK: 5.420 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[16]
CAN: 300,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[18]
NLD: 365,000[21]
SWI: 100,000[29]
BEL: 275,000[32][33]

75 million[382]

Robbie Williams

United Kingdom

1990–present[383]

1996[383]

Pop rock[383]

showTotal available certified units: 52.8 million
US: 500,000[11]
GER: 10.275 million[13]
UK: 27.550 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][55]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
NLD: 1.205 million[21]
ITA: 385,000[a][22]
SPA: 440,000[a][23][59]
SWE: 445,000[25][60]
DEN: 676,500[a][61][62][28][70][78]
SWI: 998,000[29]
MEX: 1.595 million[a][48]
ARG: 462,000[30][31]
BEL: 600,000[32][33]
AUT: 917,500[34]
POL: 140,000[35]
FIN: 235,743[49]
IRE: 135,000[a][101]
NZ: 445,000[36]

75 million[384]

Kenny G

United States

1982–present[385]

1984[385]

Smooth jazz[385]

showTotal available certified units: 52.1 million
US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[a][12]
UK: 360,000[14]
CAN: 950,000[17]
AUS: 245,000[a][18][179]
BRA: 1.350 million[a][20]
SPA: 450,000[24][44]

75 million[386]

Tupac Shakur

United States

1991–1996[387]

1991[387]

Hip-hop[387]

showTotal available certified units: 51.7 million
US: 46.2 million[11]
GER: 650,000[13]
UK: 3.695 million[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 430,000[18][388]

75 million[389]

Enya

Ireland

1982–present[390]

1987[390]

New-age / Celtic[390]

showTotal available certified units: 50.8 million
US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[a][12]
GER: 4.2 million[13]
UK: 5.250 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[a][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[a][20]
NLD: 730,000[21]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][44]
SWE: 390,000[25]
DEN: 100,000[a][26][391][392][393]
SWI: 370,000[a][29]
MEX: 125,000[a][48]
ARG: 390,000[30]
BEL: 510,000[a][33]
AUT: 185,000[a][34]
POL: 120,000[a][35]
NZ: 135,000[36]

75 million[394]

Alabama

United States

1972–present[395]

1980[395]

Country / Pop rock[395]

showTotal available certified units: 48 million
US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[396]

Bob Seger

United States

1961–present[397]

1969[397]

Rock / Pop rock / Rock and Roll[397]

showTotal available certified units: 47.2 million
US: 44.5 million[11]
UK: 200,000[a][14]
CAN: 2.560 million[a][17]

75 million[398]

Nirvana

United States

1987–1994[399]

1990[399]

Grunge / Alternative rock[399]

showTotal available certified units: 47 million
US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[a][12]
GER: 1.5 million[13]
UK: 5.970 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.362[a][18][199][400][253][401]
BRA: 725,000[a][20]
NLD: 250,000[21]
ITA: 600,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][44]
SWE: 380,000[25]
DEN: 160,000[a][28]
SWI: 190,000[29]
MEX: 475,000[a][48]
ARG: 522,000[30][31]
BEL: 375,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 230,000[a][34]
POL: 345,000[a][35]
NZ: 215,000[36][37]

75 million[402]

Bryan Adams

Canada

1979–present[403]

1979[403]

Rock[403]

showTotal available certified units: 45.7 million
US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[a][12]
GER: 4.1 million[13]
UK: 8.935 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][55]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[a][18][404]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 500,000[21]
SPA: 450,000 [a][24][44][59]
SWE: 440,000[a][25]
DEN: 105,000[a][62][28]
SWI: 805,000[a][29]
BEL: 375,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 375,000[a][34]
FIN: 183,444[49]

75 million[405]

Bob Marley

Jamaica

1962–1981[406]

1975[406]

Reggae[406]

showTotal available certified units: 40.9 million
US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[a][12]
GER: 1.750 million[13]
UK: 8.740 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[407][408]
NLD: 420,000[a][21]
ITA: 300,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[a][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 120,000[a][25]
SWI: 303,000[a][29]
ARG: 376,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 225,000[33]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
NZ: 427,500[a][36][37]

75 million[409]

The Police

United Kingdom

1977–19862007–2008[410]

1978[410]

Pop / Rock[410]

showTotal available certified units: 39.4 million
US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 1.775 million[13]
UK: 8.560 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[a][18]
BRA: 140,000[a][20]
NLD: 250,000[21]
ITA: 100,000[a][22]
SPA: 300,000[a][24][43]
MEX: 100,000[a][48]
ARG: 228,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 115,000[a][33]

75 million[411]

Barry Manilow

United States

1973–present[412]

1973[412]

Pop / Soft rock[412]

showTotal available certified units: 36.5 million
US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[14]
CAN: 400,000[a][17]

75 million[413]

Kiss

United States

1972–present[414]

1974[414]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[414]

showTotal available certified units: 28 million
US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[a][17]
UK: 100,000[14]
AUS: 130,000[a][18]
NLD: 200,000[a][21]
ARG: 112,000[a][30]

75 million[415]

Aretha Franklin

United States

1956–2018[416]

1961[416]

Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[416]

showTotal available certified units: 24.9 million
US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 1.040 million[a][14]
FRA: 275,000[a][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[a][17]

75 million[417]


document_title: Tom Paris

question_text: when does tom paris get his rank back

question_tokens: when does tom paris get his rank back

text: Tom Paris

text: Biography[edit]

text: Tom Paris is the son of Starfleet Admiral Owen Paris and a scion of a family with a long history of illustrious service in Starfleet. Following in his family's tradition, Paris attended Starfleet Academy sometime in the 2350s and majored in astrophysics. A gifted pilot, Paris earned an assignment to the Academy's honor squadron.

text: His relationship with his father was not a good one; while Tom wanted to join the Federation Naval Patrol, Owen wanted him to enlist at Starfleet Academy. Admiral Paris often disapproved of his son's tendency to get into fights and his resulting punishments.

text: Soon after his graduation from Starfleet Academy, Tom crashed a shuttle he was piloting near Caldik Prime, killing three other Starfleet officers. Afraid he would lose his commission, Paris falsified records that would later reveal the cause of the accident as pilot error. His efforts to cover up the error succeeded, yet still, overwhelmed by guilt and regret, he confessed. He was court martialed for his actions and was dishonorably discharged from Starfleet. This caused a major rift between Paris and his father.

text: Following his discharge, Paris left San Francisco for Marseille, where he started spending his time drinking and playing pool in Sandrine's, a waterfront bar. There, Chakotay, a former Starfleet officer now serving with the Maquis, recruited him to serve as a mercenary pilot for the Maquis Rebellion against the Federation. This adventure went no better than his earlier stint in Starfleet as Paris was captured by Starfleet while piloting his first mission for the Maquis.

text: Tried and convicted of treason for aiding the Maquis Rebellion, Paris was sentenced to serve time in the Federation penal settlement near Auckland, New Zealand. Kathryn Janeway, captain of the starship USS Voyager, obtained Paris' temporary release from the penal colony. Janeway, charged with finding and capturing the Maquis ship commanded by Chakotay, offered Paris early parole in exchange for serving as her informant on Chakotay and the Maquis.

text: Janeway and the crew of Voyager, while searching for the Maquis ship, were thrown into the Delta Quadrant by a massive energy wave created by an alien known as the Caretaker. Once there, they successfully located the Maquis ship docked at the Caretaker's array. The survivors of the incident became stranded about 70,000 light-years away from Earth. The Maquis ship was destroyed and its crew joined the Federation crew on Voyager.

text: The marooning of Voyager in the Delta Quadrant provided Paris with a new beginning. Janeway gave Paris a field commission as a Starfleet lieutenant and made him chief helmsman of Voyager. He had a rough start, however, as Starfleet and Maquis alike viewed Paris with suspicion. Paris worked hard to earn his crewmates' respect. During this time, he became best friends with Ensign Harry Kim, a young officer on his first mission who defied his crewmates to befriend Paris. Eventually, Paris was accepted by the crew and became one of Janeway's valued officers.

text: Paris' duties were not limited to piloting Voyager. On Janeway's orders, he trained as a field medic and assisted The Doctor until the Doctor recruited Kes as his primary assistant. Following Kes's departure ("The Gift") Paris once again served regular duty shifts in sickbay.

text: In the episode "Thirty Days", while disobeying direct orders in order to do what he felt was morally right, he was reduced to ensign and thrown in Voyager's brig for a period of 30 days. About a year later, after working diligently at his duties, he regained his former rank. This occurred just before the events of "Unimatrix Zero", during which it is revealed that he is fourth in the chain of command.

text: While serving on Voyager, Paris nurtured a long-hidden talent for holo-programming, devising several programs for the entertainment of his fellow crewmembers. His most popular programs included a re-creation of Sandrine's bar, an Irish town called Fair Haven, and a 1930s-era sci-fi movie serial entitled Captain Proton.

text: Paris married Lieutenant B'Elanna Torres, Voyager's half-Klingon chief engineer, in 2377. Torres gave birth to their daughter Miral Paris during the events that led to Voyager's return to the Alpha Quadrant and Earth.

text: Personality[edit]

text: Tom Paris at times displayed resentment toward his father, Owen Paris. This situation improved substantially over the course of the journey, due to Janeway's willingness to offer him redemption, and later to his relationship with B'Elanna Torres.

text: Paris also has a deep interest in 20th-century Earth pop-culture, often utilizing such in his holo-programs. The knowledge helped the crew during time-travel incidents.

text: He became good friends with Harry Kim from the start and at times displayed protectiveness in the face of Harry's customary naiveté. In the first episode he rescues the ensign from Quark, a manipulative Ferengi. The only member of the crew with whom Paris initially had a somewhat difficult relationship was Chakotay because of their history in the Maquis. However, throughout Voyager's seven-year journey home, Paris and Chakotay reconciled (in part due to Paris having earned Chakotay's trust) and became good friends.

text: Tom was a full lieutenant at the very beginning of the series, then a lieutenant junior grade in the first-season episode "Faces".

text: Character background[edit]

text: The writers planned to use the character of Nicolas Locarno as a template for Tom Paris, who was played by McNeill in the Next Generation episode "The First Duty". As a result, Voyager's writers created an entirely new character sharing many of Locarno's attributes. [2]

text: The Tom Paris character has two backstories. The original backstory, and the only one acknowledged onscreen, cast Paris as a disgraced officer dishonorably discharged from Starfleet for covering up pilot error following a shuttle accident on Caldik Prime. In her published novel, Pathways, Voyager producer Jeri Taylor provided an alternative story much more similar to Locarno's, moving the accident to Paris' Starfleet Academy years and making his fellow cadets the victims of his recklessness.

text: An unproduced Voyager script was to have had a flashback to his time attending Starfleet Academy, and shown that Ro Laren, the Bajoran character from Star Trek: The Next Generation was among his classmates.

text: Voyager relaunch novels[edit]

text: In the non-canonical Voyager relaunch novels, written by Christie Golden, Tom was promoted (but not two steps in rank, like many of the Voyager crew) and is now a lieutenant commander. He serves as First Officer of Voyager, under the command of now-Captain Chakotay.


document_title: Androcles

question_text: who took the thorn from the lion's paw

question_tokens: who took the thorn from the lion 's paw

text: Androcles

text: Classical tale[edit]

text: The earliest surviving account of the episode is found in Aulus Gellius's 2nd century Attic Nights.[2] The author relates there a story told by Apion in his lost work Aegyptiacorum (Wonders of Egypt), the events of which Apion claimed to have personally witnessed in Rome. In this version, Androcles is given the Latin name of Androclus, a runaway slave of a former Roman consul administering a part of Africa. He takes shelter in a cave, which turns out to be the den of a wounded lion, from whose paw he removes a large thorn. In gratitude, the lion becomes tame towards him and henceforward shares his catch with the slave.

text: After three years, Androclus craves a return to civilization but is soon imprisoned as a fugitive slave and sent to Rome. There he is condemned to be devoured by wild animals in the Circus Maximus in the presence of an emperor who is named in the account as Gaius Caesar, presumably Caligula.[3] The most imposing of the beasts turns out to be the same lion, which again displays its affection toward Androclus. After questioning him, the emperor pardons the slave in recognition of this testimony to the power of friendship, and he is left in possession of the lion. Apion, who claimed to have been a spectator on this occasion, is then quoted as relating:

text: The story was repeated a century later by Claudius Aelianus in his work "On the Nature of Animals".[5]

text: Later use[edit]

text: Later versions of the story, sometimes attributed to Aesop, began to appear from the mid-sixth century under the title "The Shepherd and the Lion".[6] In Chrétien de Troyes' 12th-century romance, "Yvain, the Knight of the Lion", the knightly main character helps a lion that is attacked by a serpent. The lion then becomes his companion and helps him during his adventures.[7] A century later, the story of taking a thorn from a lion's paw was related as an act of Saint Jerome in the Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine (c. 1260).[8] Afterwards the lion joins him in the monastery and a different set of stories follows.

text: The later retelling, "Of the Remembrance of Benefits", in the Gesta Romanorum (Deeds of the Romans) of about 1330 in England, has a mediaeval setting and again makes the protagonist a knight.[1] In the earliest English printed collection of Aesop's Fables by William Caxton, the tale appears as The lyon & the pastour or herdman and reverts to the story of a shepherd who cares for the wounded lion. He is later convicted of a crime and taken to Rome to be thrown to the wild beasts, only to be recognised and defended from the other animals by the one that he tended.

text: A Latin poem by Vincent Bourne dating from 1716-17 is based on the account of Aulus Gellius.[9] Titled Mutua Benevolentia primaria lex naturae est, it was translated by William Cowper as “Reciprocal kindness: the primary law of nature”.[10]

text: George Bernard Shaw's play Androcles and the Lion (1912) makes Androcles a tailor; he is also given Christian beliefs for the purposes of the play, which on the whole takes a skeptical view of religion. The first film adaptation of the story in the US was also made in 1912. Afterwards there were several others for both cinema and TV.[11] Rob Englehart's The Lion, the Slave and the Rodent (2010) was a much later American approach to the fable. A one-act chamber opera for five voices, it combined the story of Androcles with the fable of “The Lion and the Mouse”.[12]

text: Artistic depictions[edit]

text: Prints and paintings[edit]

text: Renaissance prints of the story are based on the Classical accounts. Agostino Veneziano depicts the slave Androcles being freed by the Emperor in a work from 1516-17 now in the LACMA collection.[13] There is also an early pen and wash drawing by Baldassare Peruzzi dating from the 1530s in the Hermitage Museum. Dependent on the account by Aulus Gellius, it depicts Androcles walking through a doorway with the lion on a lead at his heel.[14] Other artists have preferred the scene of Androcles pulling the thorn from the lion's paw, as in Bernhard Rode's print of 1784.[15] A later American example is Walter Inglis Anderson's block print scroll of 1950,[16] which was based on his 1935 painting.[17]

text: Paintings of the subject began in the 18th century. That by Charles Meynier, which was exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1795, is now lost. However, a study for the painting has recently been discovered and shows Androcles as a nearly naked warrior brandishing his sword in the stadium while the lion lies on the ground and is, following the account of Aulus Gellius, "gently licking his feet".[18] There are also studies for an unachieved painting by American artist Henry Ossawa Tanner dating from his student years in 1885-6.[19] They include a lion licking its paw and a kneeling and grey-bearded Androcles. [20] At mid-century in 1856 comes “Androcles and the Lion” by the English artist Alexander Davis Cooper (1820–95). There a young man in Arab dress looks towards the viewer as he walks across a desert landscape with his hand in the lion’s mane.[21]

text: In the 20th century, Jean-Léon Gérôme depicted Androcles in a painting tentatively dated 1902 and now in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Buenos Aires).[22] There Androcles is sitting cross-legged on the floor of the cave as he draws the thorn from the lion's paw while it roars in agony.[23] Briton Riviere's 1908 painting of him standing to perform the same task is in the Auckland Art Gallery.[24] Another approach was to show the earlier incident of Androcles surprised in the cave by the lion's entrance. This was the subject chosen by Vassily Rotschev (d.1803) soon after returning to Russia from training in Rome.[25] It was also the choice of the Chinese painter Xu Beihong. His "Slave and Lion" dates from a stay in Berlin during the early 1920s and shows the lion entering the mouth of a cave while Androcles cowers against the wall.[26]

text: Sculptures[edit]

text: Androcles also became a sculptural subject. Jan Pieter van Baurscheit the Elder's sandstone statue, executed between 1700 and 1725, is now at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and shows a triumphant figure bestriding a very small lion that rears up to look at him.[27] Its frisky behaviour brings to mind Aulus Gellius’ description of the lion “wagging his tail in a mild and caressing way, after the manner and fashion of fawning dogs”.[28] In 1751 the English monumental sculptor Henry Cheere created two white marble chimneypieces showing the slave bending over the lion's paw to draw out the thorn. One is in the Saloon at West Wycombe Park and the other is now in the Lady Lever Art Gallery. A continental example by Jean-Baptiste Stouf was sculpted in 1789 and is now only known through the modern bronze reproduction at the Ashmolean Museum.[29] Formerly it was in the Louvre and showed Androcles tending the lion's paw.[30]

text: In the 19th century Androcles became a subject for French table ornaments. One from 1820 shows him sword in hand in the arena as the lion crouches at his feet,[31] while another from 1825 has him tending the injured paw.[32] About 1898, Jean-Léon Gérôme, who was soon to paint that scene too, produced a sculpture of Androcles leading the lion about on his tour of the Roman taverns. Titled Le Mendiant (the beggar), it is made of bronze gilt and shows the former slave standing with one hand on the lion's mane and a begging bowl at his feet. On its stand is the inscription Date obolum Androcli (spare a penny for Androclus).[33] In the 20th century the American sculptor Frederick Charles Shrady incorporated the theme of removing the thorn from the paw into a modernistic design.[34]

text: Medals[edit]

text: The legend has figured on medals for various reasons over the course of four centuries. One attributed to Gioacchino Francesco Travani, using a design by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, was struck in 1659. It depicts on one side a relief bust of Pope Alexander VII surrounded by an acanthus leaf border. On the reverse a lion prostrates itself at the feet of an armed Androcles. The complimentary Latin inscription reads 'Domenico Jacobacci to the generous prince: Even a wild animal remembers a favor'. Jacobacci was the donor of the medal, which commemorates a pope who had been generous in rebuilding parts of Rome. The lion represents the grateful city paying homage at the feet of the 'warrior' on its behalf.[35]

text: The image of the grateful beast was a natural choice for the medals awarded in yearly recognition of prize-winners at the Royal Dick Veterinary College in Edinburgh. Struck in copper and silver during the 1890s, they picture Androcles kneeling to relieve the suffering lion. In the background are a cliff on the left and palm trees on the right; Androcles is depicted with African features.[36] A more schematic representation now forms the logo of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Utrecht University.[37]

text: In the 20th century, the Dutch Medal of Recognition 1940-1945 also pictured the scene of relieving the lion and was awarded to those who aided the Dutch during the period of World War II, or afterwards helped those who had suffered from the German occupation. The subject was chosen because a lion was the national symbol. The theme of gratitude is reinforced by the inscription about the edge: Sibi benefacit qui benefacit amico (he benefits himself who benefits a friend).

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Ashliman, D.L. "Androcles and the Lion and other folktales of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 156". Pitt.edu.
Jump up ^ Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae, Book V. xiv
Jump up ^ Based on the dates of Apion's tenure in Rome, see Hazel, John. Who's who in the Roman World. Psychology Press. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
Jump up ^ The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, p.258
Jump up ^ Claudius Aelianus, Περὶ Ζῴων Ἰδιότητος, Book VII.xlviii
Jump up ^ "Mythfolklore.net". Mythfolklore.net. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
Jump up ^ "Yvain, Or, the Knight With the Lion". mcllibrary.org. 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2014-06-08.
Jump up ^ The story is included in the fourth and fifth paragraphs of this translation Archived February 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ , Estelle Haan, Classical Romantic: Identity in the Latin Poetry of Vincent Bourne, American Philosophical Society 2007, pp.52-4
Jump up ^ The poetical works, Latin and English, of Vincent Bourne, London 1838, pp.128-31
Jump up ^ IMDb.com
Jump up ^ Lake Superior Theater
Jump up ^ LACMA site
Jump up ^ Gallery site
Jump up ^ Mentioned in Michel Huber, Catalogue raisonné du cabinet d'estampes par feu m. Winckler: L'école allemande, Leipzig 1801, Vol.2, p.684
Jump up ^ See online Archived August 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Walter Inglis Anderson, The Art of Walter Anderson, University of Mississippi, 2003, pp.25, 253
Jump up ^ Bonhams Auction site
Jump up ^ Anna O. Marley, Henry Ossawa Tanner: Modern Spirit, University of California 2012, pp.19-20
Jump up ^ Wikiart
Jump up ^ The Saleroom
Jump up ^ Maria Isabel Baldasare, Sobre los inicios del coleccionismo y los museos de arte en la Argentina, Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material, São Paulo, vol.14.1, 2006, p.305
Jump up ^ Wikimedia
Jump up ^ Gallery site
Jump up ^ “Biographical notes of Russian artists”, The monthly magazine and British register, Volume 21 (1806) p.399
Jump up ^ Christies site
Jump up ^ Rijksmuseum
Jump up ^ The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, p.256
Jump up ^ Cultural Property Advice: Ashmolean
Jump up ^ Charles Othon Frédéric Jean Baptiste de Clarac, Description du Musée Royal des Antiques du Louvre, Paris 1830, p.249
Jump up ^ Christies site
Jump up ^ 1st dibs site
Jump up ^ Wikimedia
Jump up ^ Shrady site
Jump up ^ Maarten Delbeke, The Art of Religion, Farnham 2012, Google Books
Jump up ^ British school medals, Neocollect Archived August 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Faculty site

tag: ol

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Androcles.

text:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Androcles and the Lion


document_title: List of people executed in Nebraska

question_text: who was the last person executed in nebraska

text: List of people executed in Nebraska

text: The following is a list of individuals executed by the U.S. State of Nebraska since its statehood.

text: Before 1903[edit]

text: A total of 14 individuals have been executed in Nebraska from its statehood in 1867 when counties carried out executions until 1903 when the state took over executions.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Method

Crime

Victims

Under Governor

1

Samuel Richards

January 15, 1879

hanging

murder

Peter Anderson

Albinus Nance

2

Orlando Caslar

May 20, 1879

hanging

murder

George L. Monroe

Albinus Nance

3

Milton W. Smith

July 24, 1885

hanging

murder

his wife (name unknown)

James W. Dawes

4

Jim Reynolds

May 21, 1886

hanging

murder

James and John Pinkston

James W. Dawes

5

William Jackson MarionA

March 25, 1887

hanging

murder

James Cameron

John Milton Thayer

6

David Hoffman

July 22, 1887

hanging

murder

James B. DeWitt

John Milton Thayer

7

Albert Haunstine

May 17, 1891

hanging

murder

Hiram Roten and William Ashley

John Milton Thayer

8

Christian FurstB

June 5, 1891

hanging

murder

Carl J. Pulsifer

John Milton Thayer

9

Charles ShepherdB

June 5, 1891

hanging

murder

Carl J. Pulsifer

John Milton Thayer

10

Ed Neil

October 9, 1891

hanging

murder

Allen and Dorothy Jones

John Milton Thayer

11

Clinton E. DixonC

June 24, 1892

hanging

murder

Corporal Thomas Carter

James E. Boyd

12

Harry Hill

March 1, 1895

hanging

murder

Mattes Akeson

Silas A. Holcomb

13

Claude H. Hoover

August 7, 1896

hanging

murder

Samual DuBois

Silas A. Holcomb

14

George W. Morgan

October 8, 1897

hanging

murder

Ida Gaskill

Silas A. Holcomb

text:
A  William Jackson Marion was convicted and executed for the murder of John Cameron. However, Cameron turned up alive in 1891. Marion received a posthumous pardon by Nebraska Governor Bob Kerrey on the 100th anniversary of his execution.

B B  Although Christian Furst and Charles Shepherd are listed at 8 and 9, they were both hanged together simultaneously in the only double hanging in Nebraska's history.

C  Private Clinton Dixon and his victim Corporal Thomas Carter were both members of the U.S. Army (Sixth U.S. Cavalry) making Dixon's execution a U.S. military execution. As such, only the President could grant clemency. President Benjamin Harrison declined to intervene.

text: A total of 20 individuals were executed by Nebraska after 1897 and before the 1972 Supreme Court capital punishment ban.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Method

Crime

Victims

Under Governor

1

Gottlieb Neigenfiend

March 13, 1903

hanging

murder

Anna Bryer and Albert Bryer (ex-wife and ex-father in law)

John H. Mickey

2

William Rhea

July 10, 1903

hanging

murder

Herman Zahn

John H. Mickey

3

Harrison Clark

December 13, 1907

hanging

murder

Ed Flury

George L. Sheldon

4

Frank Barker

January 17, 1908

hanging

murder

Daniel and Alice Barker (his brother and sister in law)

George L. Sheldon

5

Robert M. Shumway

March 5, 1909

hanging

murder

Sarah Martin

Ashton C. Shallenberger

6

Bert M. Taylor

January 28, 1910

hanging

murder

Pearl Taylor (sister in law)

Ashton C. Shallenberger

7

Thomas Johnson

May 19, 1911

hanging

murder

Henry R. Frankland

Chester H. Aldrich

8

Albert Prince

March 21, 1913

hanging

murder

Nebraska State Penitentiary Deputy Warden Edward D.Davis

John H. Morehead

9

Allen V. GrammerA

December 20, 1920

electric chair

murder

Lulu Vogt (Grammer's mother in law)

Samuel R. McKelvie

10

Alson B. ColeA

December 20, 1920

electric chair

murder

Lulu Vogt (Allen Grammer's mother in law)

Samuel R. McKelvie

11

James B. King

June 9, 1922

electric chair

murder

Nebraska State Penitentiary prison guard Robert L. Taylor

Samuel R. McKelvie

12

Walter R. Simmons

August 11, 1925

electric chair

murder

Frank Pahl

Adam McMullen

13

Henry E. Bartlett

April 29, 1927

electric chair

murder

Asa Ranson (Minden, Nebraska Police Chief)

Adam McMullen

14

Frank Carter

June 24, 1927

electric chair

murder

William McDevitt and Dr. A.D. Searles

Adam McMullen

15

Frank E. Sharp

October 19, 1928

electric chair

murder

Hariet Sharp (his wife)

Adam McMullen

16

Henry Sherman

May 31, 1929

electric chair

murder

Roger and Hattie Pochon, Eugenie Pochon

Arthur J. Weaver

17

Joseph T. MacAvoy

March 23, 1945

electric chair

murder

Anna Milroy

Dwight Griswold

18

Timothy Iron Bear

December 1, 1948

electric chair

murder

John W. and Grace Stollar

Val Peterson

19

Roland Dean Sundahl

April 30, 1952

electric chair

murder

Bonnie Lou Merrill

Val Peterson

20

Charles StarkweatherB

June 25, 1959

electric chair

murder

Robert Jensen

Ralph G. Brooks

text:
A A  Allen Grammer and Alson Cole were the first men electrocuted, and the only double electrocution in Nebraska. Allen Grammer was the first man to be electrocuted by the State of Nebraska, pronounced dead at 3:24 pm. Alson Cole was pronounced dead at 3:37 pm.

B  Although Charles Starkweather murdered 10 people in Nebraska (and one in Wyoming), he was tried, convicted, and executed for only one murder, that of 17-year-old Robert Jensen.

text: After 1976[edit]

text: Three individuals convicted of murder have been executed by Nebraska since 1976. All were executed by the electric chair. On April 21, 2011, the Nebraska Supreme Court set the first execution date via lethal injection for June 14, 2011. On May 26, 2011, the Nebraska Supreme Court stayed the execution due to objections that the sodium thiopental that Nebraska purchased from a Mumbai company failed to comply with U.S. pharmaceutical standards.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Victims

Under Governor

1

Harold Lamont "Wili" Otey

September 2, 1994

Jane McManus

Ben Nelson

2

John Joseph Joubert A

July 17, 1996

Danny Eberle and Christopher Walden

3

Robert E. Williams B [1][2]

December 2, 1997

Catherine Brooks and Patricia McGarry

text:
A  John Joubert was also tried and convicted of murdering Ricky Stetson in Portland, Maine. He received a life sentence in Maine.

B  Robert E. Williams also murdered Virginia Rowe of Sioux Rapids, Iowa.[2]


document_title: Private first class

question_text: what rank is private first class in the marines

text: Private first class

text: United States[edit]

text: United States Army[edit]

text: In the United States Army, recruits usually enter service as a private in pay grade E-1. Private (E-2), designated by a single chevron, is typically an automatic promotion after six months of service. Private first class (E-3), equivalent to NATO grade OR-3, is designated by a single chevron and a rocker stripe and is more common among soldiers who have served in the U.S. Army for one year or more. Soldiers who have achieved an associate degree or its equivalent are entitled to enter the Army at this pay grade.[1] Advancement from private first class is typically to specialist, although occasionally it may be to corporal.

text: The rank of private first class has existed since 1846[2] and, prior to 1919, its insignia consisted of the branch of service insignia without any arcs or chevrons. The Secretary of War approved "an arc of one bar" (i.e., a "rocker") under the branch of service or trade insignia for privates first class on 22 July 1919. From August 5, 1920 to May 28, 1968, the rank insignia for private first class was a single chevron, per War Department Circular No. 303. On May 28, 1968, the insignia was changed to its current form, consisting of a single chevron with one arc.[3]

text: United States Marine Corps[edit]

text: In the United States Marine Corps, the rank of Private First Class is the second lowest, just under Lance Corporal and just above Private, equivalent to NATO grade OR-2, being pay grade E-2. It was established on June 3, 1916 to match the already existing Army rank, primarily because US Marine units were "often called upon to serve" with US Army organizations, such as in the American Expeditionary Force that served in Europe during World War I (e.g. 4th Marine Brigade of the US Army 2nd Infantry Division). At the time the two ranks were directly equivalent. However, since 1968 when the US Army redesignated the E-3 paygrade as PFC (eliminating lance corporal) and created two grades of Private (PVT and PV2), the USMC rank of PFC is one grade lower (E-2) than the similarly titled US Army rank.[4] Enlistees that complete United States Marine Corps Recruit Training and had obtained the rank of Young Marine sergeant or above in the Young Marines, will graduate from USMC Recruit Training with the rank of PFC.[citation needed]

text: France[edit]

text: France has the rank of Soldat de première classe indicated with a single red chevron.

text: Singapore[edit]

text: The rank of private first class (PFC) in the Singapore Armed Forces lies between the ranks of private (PTE) and lance-corporal (LCP).[5] Introduced in 1983, it is awarded to hardworking conscript citizen-soldiers who performed well in their National Service term. Privates first class (一等兵) wear a rank insignia of a single chevron pointing down.

text: The PFC rank is rarely awarded nowadays by the SAF since 2010s. All private enlistees are eligible to be promoted directly to lance corporal should they meet the minimum qualifying requirements and work performance.

text: Vietnam[edit]

text: In the Vietnam People's Army, private first class (Vietnamese: binh nhất) is the highest junior enlisted rank. Private first class is below corporal and above private second class.

text: Philippines[edit]

text: The rank of private first class is similar to its original American counterpart. The insignia consist of a single chevron with a triangle below. The rank is also in use with the Philippine Marine Corps.