document_title: Old Major

question_text: what did old major do in animal farm

question_tokens: what did old major do in animal farm

text: Old Major

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Old MajorFirst appearance
Animal FarmLast appearance
Animal Farm (Only Appearance)Created by
George OrwellVoiced by
Maurice Denham (1954 film)  Peter Ustinov (1999 film)InformationNickname(s)
Willingdon BeautySpecies
Middle White boarGender
MaleOccupation
Revolutionary Leader of Animal Farm

text: Old Major (also called Willingdon Beauty, his name used when showing) is the first major character described by George Orwell in Animal Farm. This "purebred" of pigs is a kind, grandfatherly philosopher of change.

text: Old Major proposes a solution to the animals' desperate plight on Manor Farm under the Jones administration and inspires thoughts of a rebellion. The actual time of the revolt is unsaid; it could be tomorrow or several generations down the road. Old Major dies three days after delivering his speech and the animals, stirred up by this speech, set to work immediately on the bringing about of the Rebellion.

text: Shortly after his death, the animals rise in revolt and oust the humans from power. This rebellious act is so quick that many do not realize it has happened until it is over. The animals drive Jones and the farmhands off the farm and remove many of the implements of his rule.

text: The Seven Commandments that Snowball transcribes, that are supposed to encompass Old Major's general philosophy, are gradually altered and deformed under Napoleon until they have entirely different meanings from those originally intended. "Beasts of England", the song that came to Old Major in his dream, is later banned on Animal Farm by Napoleon, at which time it is replaced by "Comrade Napoleon", a hymn composed by Minimus the pig that pledges allegiance to Animal Farm and to work to protect it.

text: In both film adaptations, Major dies while provoking the animals into rebelling. In the 1954 adaption (voiced by Maurice Denham), he dies suddenly while the animals are singing. In the 1999 version (voiced by Peter Ustinov), Farmer Jones slips in mud while investigating the sounds coming from the barn, which sets off his shotgun, and indirectly hits Major in his backside, killing him.

text: Major's skull is dug up and saluted by the animals every day, even after the rebellion, as a sign of respect that the animals remember their roots and the roots of the Rebellion. Napoleon, who later decides to accept the humans and strike bargains with them, announces that the remains are to be disposed of because they represent the old days when Animal Farm was "violent and primitive" towards humans; towards the end of the story, Napoleon announces that he has reburied the skull.


question_text: who said love means never having to say you're sorry

question_tokens: who said love means never having to say you 're sorry

root

text:
"Love means never having to say you're sorry"

Actor
Ali MacGraw

First used in
Love Story

Voted #13 in AFI's 100 Movie Quotes poll

tag: table

text: "Love means never having to say you're sorry" is a catchphrase based on a line from the Erich Segal novel Love Story and was popularized by its 1970 film adaptation starring Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal. The line is spoken twice in the film: once in the middle of the film, by Jennifer Cavalleri (MacGraw's character), when Oliver Barrett (O'Neal) apologizes to her for his anger; and as the last line of the film, by Oliver, when his father says "I'm sorry" after learning of Jennifer's death. In the script the line is phrased slightly differently: "Love means not ever having to say you're sorry."

tag: p

text: The line proved memorable, and has been repeated in various contexts since. In 2005 it was voted #13 in the American Film Institute's list AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes.[1][2] The band Sounds of Sunshine had a Top 40 hit in the United States with a song titled "Love Means You Never Have to Say You're Sorry" in 1971. "Love means never having to say you're..." is the opening sentence in the popular song "Can't Help but Love You" by The Whispers, from their album named after the movie, issued in 1972.

text: The line has also been criticized or mocked, for suggesting that apologies are unnecessary in a loving relationship. Another character played by O'Neal disparages it in the 1972 screwball comedy What's Up, Doc?: Barbra Streisand's character coos that "Love means never having to say you're sorry" while batting her eyelashes, and O'Neal's character responds, deadpan, "That's the dumbest thing I ever heard."

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the 34th episode of the second season of Small Wonder, entitled "You Gotta Have Heart," little robot girl Vicki's parents explain love to her as "love means never having to say you're sorry."

text: In a 2004 episode of The Simpsons ("Catch 'Em If You Can"), the Simpson family watches the film, and Lisa retorts, "No it doesn't!" The line has also been parodied countless times, usually substituting another word or phrase for "love" and/or "you're sorry," especially the latter.[citation needed] The quote is also shown in TV series Love Rain.

text: On iZombie Season 2, Episode 19, titled "Salivation Army", Liv says, "A massive zombie outbreak means never having to say you're sorry."

text: On Weeds, Nancy Botwin, after the death of her drug dealer mentor, U-Turn, explains to the tattoo artist her reason for getting a U-Turn traffic sign tattoo is that "It just reminds me that Thug means never having to say you’re sorry." When asked by the tattoo artist if she doesn't mean "love", Nancy replies, "Absolutely not. Love means you’re constantly apologizing."

text: IN THE 1972 movie What's Up Doc Barbara Stresisand charecter says it to Ryan O'Neal charecter who responds "That's the Dumbest Thing I ever Heard"


document_title: William Lee Scott

question_text: who played bullethead on the steve harvey show

text: William Lee Scott

text: This biographical article needs additional citations for verification, as it includes attribution to IMDb. IMDb may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
William Lee Scott

Born
(1973-07-06) July 6, 1973 (age 44)
Hudson, New York, U.S.

Occupation
Actor

Years active
1996–Present

Spouse(s)
Charlene Bloom (2002–present)

text: William Lee Scott (born July 6, 1973) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as high school student Stanley "Bullethead" Kuznocki on the WB sitcom The Steve Harvey Show. Additionally, he appeared in the films Gone in 60 Seconds, Pearl Harbor, October Sky and The Butterfly Effect.

text: Career[edit]

text: Scott began his career as a series regular on The Steve Harvey Show, with guest roles in other TV shows such as Fitz and Gun. His first feature film role came as the younger version of Loren Dean's character in Andrew Nicolas' Gattaca. He can also be seen as Hank in the TV movie Before Women Had Wings and as Randy in the independent picture The Opposite of Sex. In 1999, Scott starred in October Sky as Roy Lee Cooke. He also had a role in the 2000 film Gone in 60 Seconds. In 2007, he guest starred in Criminal Minds in the episode "Children of the Dark." In January 2016, William reunited with Steve Harvey for his birthday show on his self-titled talk show during the segment of "Ask Steve".

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
American Brawler (2018) - Artie Stock
The Magnificent Seven (2016) - Moody
Let Me Make Your Martyr (2016) - Jamie
Talking Points (2014) (short film) - Narrator (voice)
Burning Blue (2013) - Charlie Trumbo
A Feeling from Within (2012) - Kevin Scully
Madaso's War (2010) (TV Movie) - Lep Quinn
Nine Dead (2010) - Dean Jackson
Brooklyn's Finest (2009) - Cop
Beautiful Dreamer (2005) - Will
The Novice (2004) - Henry
The Winning Season (2004) (TV) - Ty Cobb
Killer Diller (Rocking The House) (2004) - Wesley
The Butterfly Effect (2004) - Tommy Miller
$5.15/Hr. (2004) (TV)
Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd (2003) - Carl
Identity (2003) - Lou
Pearl Harbor (2001) - Lt. Billy Thompson
Gone in 60 Seconds (2000) - Toby
Black and White (1999) - Will King
October Sky (1999) - Roy Lee Cooke
The Opposite of Sex (1998) - Randy 'One Ball' Cates
Tis the Season (1998) - Zach
Before Women Had Wings (1997) (TV) - Hank Jackson
Gattaca (1997) - Anton Freeman, as a teen
The Steve Harvey Show (1996–2002) TV Series - Stanley "Bullethead" Kuznocki

tag: ul


document_title: Nonviolent resistance

question_text: who was the first to be known for using methods of nonviolent civil disobedience in protest

text: Nonviolent resistance

text: History of nonviolent resistance[edit]

text:
Dates
Region
Main Article
Summary
Refs

BC 470–391
China
Mohism
The Mohist philosophical school disapproved of war. However, since they lived in a time of warring polities, they cultivated the science of fortification.

around AD 26–36
Judea
Pontius Pilate
Jews demonstrated in Caesarea to try to convince Pontius Pilate not to set up Roman standards, with images of the Roman emperor and the eagle of Jupiter, in Jerusalem (both images were considered idolatrous by religious Jews). Pilate surrounded the Jewish protesters with soldiers and threatened them with death, to which they replied that they were willing to die rather than see the laws of the Torah violated.

Before 1500–1835
Chatham Islands, New Zealand
Moriori
The Moriori were a branch of the New Zealand Māori that colonized the Chatham Islands and eventually became hunter-gatherers. Their lack of resources and small population made conventional war unsustainable, so it became customary to resolve disputes nonviolently or ritually. Due to this tradition of nonviolence, the entire population of 2000 people was enslaved, killed or cannibalized when 900 Māori invaded the island in 1835.
[3][4][5]

1848-1920
US
Women's Suffrage in the United States
A political movement that spanned over a century, where women protested in order to receive the right to suffrage in the United States.

1819
England
Peterloo massacre
Famine and chronic unemployment, coupled with the lack of suffrage in northern England, led to a peaceful demonstration of 60,000–80,000 persons, including women and children. The demonstration was organized and rehearsed, with a "prohibition of all weapons of offence or defence" and exhortations to come "armed with no other weapon but that of a self-approving conscience". Cavalry charged into the crowd, with sabres drawn, and in the ensuing confusion, 15 people were killed and 400–700 were injured. Newspapers expressed horror, and Percy Shelley glorified nonviolent resistance in the poem The Masque of Anarchy. However, the British government cracked down on reform, with the passing of what became known as the Six Acts.

1823-1829
Ireland
Catholic Association
One of the first mass-membership political movements of Europe, the Catholic Association was founded by Daniel O'Connell to use non-violent means to push the British government to pass Catholic emancipation, which culminated in the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 by the government of the Duke of Wellington

1834–38
Trinidad
End of Slavery in Trinidad
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, then the colonial power in Trinidad, first announced in 1833 the impending total liberation of slaves by 1840. In 1834 at an address by the Governor at Government House about the new laws, an unarmed group of mainly elderly people of African descent began chanting: "Pas de six ans. Point de six ans" ("No six years. Not at all six years"), drowning out the voice of the Governor. Peaceful protests continued until the passing of a resolution to abolish apprenticeship and the achievement of de facto freedom.
[6][7]

1838
US
Cherokee removal
The Cherokee refused to recognize the fraudulent Treaty of New Echota and therefore did not sell their livestock or goods, and did not pack anything to travel to the west before the soldiers came and forcibly removed them. That ended tragically in the Cherokee trail of tears.

1849-1867
Austrian Empire
Passive Resistance (Hungary)
In the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarians tried to regain independence, and were defeated by the Austrian Empire only with the aid of the Russian Empire. After 1848, the empire instituted several constitutional reforms, trying to resolve the problem, but without success. The resistance was instrumental in keeping up hope and spirit in a Hungary fully incorporated into Austria and characterized by reprisals against political dissidents, thousands of treason trials, military governance, centralization, absolutism, censorship and direct control of Vienna over every aspect of public life. Their followers carefully avoided any political agitation or criticism of the establishment, and strictly concentrated on national issues of non-political nature, such as the use of the Hungarian language, development of the Hungarian economy, and protection of the legal standing of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

1867–1918
Austria-Hungary
Old Czech Party
Passive resistance of the Old Czech Party reacted on autonomy gained to the Kingdom of Hungary, but not to the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Austrian Empire. After 1874, wing of the party disagreeing with passive resistance stance, formed new Young Czech Party. Old Czechs remained their politics, but they lost decisive influence in the politics of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

1860–1894, 1915–1918
New Zealand
Tainui-Waikato
Māori King Tāwhiao forbade Waikato Māori using violence in the face of British colonisation, saying in 1881 "The killing of men must stop; the destruction of land must stop. I shall bury my patu in the earth and it shall not rise again ... Waikato, lie down. Do not allow blood to flow from this time on." This was inspirational to Waikato Māori who refused to fight in World War I. In response, the government brought in conscription for the Tainui-Waikato people (other Māori iwi were exempt), but they continued to resist, the majority of conscripts choosing to suffer harsh military punishments rather than join the army. For the duration of the war, no Tainui soldiers were sent overseas.
[8]

1879–1881
New Zealand
Parihaka
The Māori village of Parihaka became the center of passive resistance campaigns against Europeans occupying confiscated land in the area. More than 400 followers of the prophet Te Whiti o Rongomai were arrested and jailed, most without trial. Sentences as long as 16 months were handed out for the acts of ploughing land and erecting fences on their property. More than 2000 inhabitants remained seated when 1600 armed soldiers raided and destroyed the village.
[9][10]

1903–1906
United Kingdom
Protest against the Education Act of 1902
This civil disobedience movement was launched against the Education Act of 1902 to defend the rights and influence of Nonconformist denominations in British school boards. Nonconformists believed this law to be calculated to support denominational (mainly Anglican and Catholic) religious teaching in the schools. John Clifford, a baptist minister, led the movement, which consisted in refusing to pay the taxes established by the 1902 Education Act. By 1906, over 170 men had been imprisoned for this refusal, and yet no change to the law was made.[11] The movement had a large share in the defeat of the Unionist government in January 1906 but failed to achieve its ultimate aim of getting a nondenominational act passed.
[12]

1905
Russia
Bloody Sunday (1905)
Unarmed demonstrators led by Father Georgy Gapon marched to the Winter Palace to present a petition to the Czar. They were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard.
[13]

1908–62
Samoa
Mau movement
Nonviolent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule in the early 20th century.
[14][15]

1919. 2.8, 3.1
Korea
March 1st Movement
This movement became the inspiration of the later Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's Satyagraha—resistance and many other non-violent movement in Asia.
[16]

1919–22
Egypt
Egyptian Revolution of 1919
A countrywide revolution against the British occupation of Egypt. It was carried out by Egyptians from different walks of life in the wake of the British-ordered exile of revolutionary leader Saad Zaghlul and other members of the Wafd Party in 1919. The event led to Egyptian independence in 1922 and the implementation of a new constitution in 1923.

1919–21
Ireland
Irish Non-cooperation movement
During the Irish War for Independence, Irish nationalists used many non-violent means to resist British rule. Amongst these was abstention from the British parliament, tax boycotts, and the creation of alternative local government, Dáil Courts, and police.
[17]

1919–present
Israel/Palestine
Palestinian non-violent resistance
Peace camps and strategic non-violent resistance to Israeli construction of Jewish settlements and of the West Bank Barrier have been adopted as tactics by Palestinians as part of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For example, citizens of the Palestinian village of Beit Sahour engaged in a tax strike during the First Intifada.
In 2010, A "White Intifada" took hold in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Activities included weekly peaceful protests by Palestinian activists accompanied by Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem and Israeli academics and students against settlers and security forces. The EU, through its foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton has criticised Israel for convicting an organiser of the peaceful movement and said that she was deeply concerned about the arrest of Abdullah Abu Rahmeh. There have been two fatalities among protesters and an American peace activist suffered brain damage after being hit by a tear gas canister.

[18][19][20][21][22][23]

1920–22
India
Non-cooperation movement
A series of nationwide people's movements of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) and the Indian National Congress. In addition to bringing about independence, Gandhi's nonviolence also helped improve the status of the Untouchables in Indian society.[citation needed]

1923
Germany
The Occupation of the Ruhr
With the aim of occupying the centre of German coal, iron, and steel production in the Ruhr valley; France invaded Germany for neglecting some of its reparation payments after World War I. The occupation of the Ruhr was initially greeted by a campaign of passive resistance.

1930–34
India
Civil disobedience movement
Nonviolent resistance marked by rejecting British imposed taxes, boycotting British manufactured products and mass strikes, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) and the Indian National Congress.

1933–45
Germany
German Resistance
Throughout World War II, there were a series of small and usually isolated groups that used nonviolent techniques against the Nazis. These groups include the White Rose and the Confessional Church.

1940–43
Denmark
Danish resistance movement
During World War II, after the invasion of the Wehrmacht, the Danish government adopted a policy of official co-operation (and unofficial obstruction) which they called "negotiation under protest." Embraced by many Danes, the unofficial resistance included slow production, emphatic celebration of Danish culture and history, and bureaucratic quagmires.

1940–44
France
Le Chambon-sur-Lignon Jewish refuge
During World War II, with the leadership of two pacifist local ministers André Trocmé and Edouard Theis, the citizens of the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon (and of the neighbouring areas) risked their lives to hide Jews who were being rounded up by the Nazis and the collaborationist Vichy regime and sent to the death camps. This was done in open defiance of the Vichy government's orders. It is estimated that the people of the area of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon saved between 3,000-5,000 Jews from certain death. A small garden and plaque on the grounds of the Yad Vashem memorial to the Holocaust in Israel was dedicated to the people of le Chambon-sur-Lignon.

1940–45
Norway
Norwegian resistance movement
During World War II, Norwegian civil disobedience included preventing the Nazification of Norway's educational system, distributing of illegal newspapers, and maintaining social distance (an "ice front") from the German soldiers.

1942
India
Quit India Movement
The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement) was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence.

1945–71
South Africa
Defiance Campaign
Internal resistance to South African apartheid
The ANC and allied anti-apartheid groups initially carried out non-violent resistance against pro-racial segregation and apartheid governments in South Africa.

1946–1958
Territory of Hawaii
Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954
Following World War II, general strikes were initiated by the large working poor against racial and economic inequality under Hawaii's plantation economy. Movement members took over most of the government in 1954 and the State of Hawaii was established in 1959.

1955–68
USA
Civil Rights Movement
Chicano Movement
Mass anti-war protests in the United States
Tactics of nonviolent resistance, such as bus boycotts, Freedom Rides, sit-ins, marches, and mass demonstrations, were used during the Civil Rights Movement. This movement succeeded in bringing about legislative change, making separate seats, drinking fountains, and schools for African Americans illegal, and obtaining full Voting Rights and open housing. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s vision of "the Beloved Community" was inspired by his leading Christians in nonviolent resistance.
[24][25]

1957–present
USA
Committee for Non-Violent Action
Among the most dedicated to nonviolent resistance against the US arsenal of nuclear weapons has been the Plowshares Movement, consisting largely of Catholic priests, such as Dan Berrigan, and nuns. Since the first Plowshares action in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania during the autumn of 1980, more than 70 of these actions have taken place.
[26][27][28]

1959–present
Cuba
Cuban opposition since 1959
There have been many nonviolent activists in opposition to Cuba's authoritarian regime. Among these are Pedro Luis Boitel (1931–1972), Guillermo Fariñas Hernández ("El Coco"), and Jorge Luis García Pérez (known as Antúnez), all of whom have performed hunger strikes.
[29][30][31]

1965–1972
USA
Draft resistance
During the Vietnam War, many young Americans chose to resist the military draft by refusing to cooperate with the Selective Service System. Techniques of resistance included misrepresenting one's physical or mental condition to the draft board, disrupting draft board processes, going "underground", going to jail, leaving the country, and publicly promoting such activities.
[32][33][34]

February 11, 1967
USA
Los Angeles Black Cat Protest(1), Homosexual Bar and Site of Civil Resistance to Heightened Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Raids against Homosexual Establishments throughout the City, especially in the Homosexual Quarter known as Sunset Junction(2) District/East Hollywood An Historic Cultural Monument, City of Los Angeles, recognized as a site of Peaceful Civil Resistance in the struggle for Homosexual Civil Rights in the United States. The standoff is significant in that it occurred a year prior to the 1968 Stonewall Riots in New York. The Stonewall Bar in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan was listed to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
A tense standoff and potential riot between Hundreds of LAPD riot gear-laden police officers, who were determined to quell the swelling crowds that exceeded four hundred homosexual citizens, was averted after a last minute plea from then new Governor Ronald Reagan, via an openly gay Republican Judicial Appointee who acted as a personal envoy of the Governor to LAPD Commanders at the site of the standoff, was accepted, and a stand down order given which ordered the hundreds of LAPD officers present to cease and desist from further unprovoked harassment of homosexuals in Los Angeles for decades. The plea was successfully communicated and accepted by the LAPD hierarchy, and represented the first time that a stand down order was given by the LAPD, and was the last time until 2001, that the Los Angeles Police Department would engage in raiding an establishment, or public assembly of homosexuals in Los Angeles for decades. The hundreds who gathered to peacefully protest raids perceived as unwarranted, and often violent, against LGBT meeting sites in Los Angeles, observed a success in the struggle for Homosexual Civil Rights.
[35]
[36] [37]

1967–72
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland civil rights movement
Movement led by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association seeking an end to discrimination against Catholics in areas such as elections (which were subject to gerrymandering and property requirements), discrimination in employment, in public housing, policing; and abuse of the Special Powers Act. The movement used marches, pickets, sit-ins and protests. In the wake of rising violence (Battle of the Bogside, 1969 Northern Ireland riots, Bloody Sunday 1972) NICRA ceased operation and the conflict descended into the violent "Troubles" which lasted until 1998.

1968
Worldwide
Protests of 1968
The protests that raged throughout 1968 were for the most part student-led. Worldwide, campuses became the front-line battle grounds for social change. While opposition to the Vietnam War dominated the protests, students also protested for civil liberties, against racism, for feminism, and the beginnings of the Ecology movement can be traced to the protests against nuclear and biological weapons during this year.
[38]

1968
Czechoslovakia
Prague Spring
During the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Czechoslovak citizens responded to the attack on their sovereignty with passive resistance. Russian troops were frustrated as street signs were painted over, their water supplies mysteriously shut off, and buildings decorated with flowers, flags, and slogans like, "An elephant cannot swallow a hedgehog."

1970–81
France
Larzac
In response to an expansion of a military base, local farmers including José Bové and other supporters including Lanza del Vasto took part in nonviolent resistance. The military expansion was canceled after ten years of resistance.

1979
Iran
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 or 1979 Revolution (often known as the Islamic Revolution), refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
[39]

1980–1981 as movement
Poland
Solidarity
Solidarnosc Walczaca
Orange Alternative etc.
Solidarity, a broad anti-communist social movement ranging from people associated with the Roman Catholic Church workers and intellectuals to members of the anti-communist Left (minority), advocated non-violence in its members' activities. Additionally, the Orange Alternative offered a wider group of citizens an alternative way of opposition against the authoritarian regime by means of a peaceful protest that used absurd and nonsensical elements.
[40][41][42][self-published source]

1986
Philippines
People Power Revolution
A series of nonviolent and prayerful mass street demonstrations that toppled Ferdinand Marcos and placed Corazon C. Aquino into power. After an election which had been condemned by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, over two million Filipinos protested human rights violations, election fraud, massive political corruption, and other abuses of the Marcos regime. Yellow was a predominant theme, the colour being associated with Corazon Aquino and her husband, Benigno S. Aquino Jr., who was assassinated three years prior.

1988-2016
Burma
Nonviolent Movement for Freedom and Democracy
Starting from 1988 Peaceful Demonstration led by Aung San Suu Kyi that caused her house arrest and thousands killed and jailed and tortured by the military, the struggle continues more than two decades. Despite of many victims and painful process (including annulled winning of 1990 election), it was happily ended by the victory of opposition party on 2015 election and Aung San Suu Kyi has elected as the country first state counsellor.[clarification needed]

1987–1989/1991
The Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
Singing Revolution
A cycle of mass demonstrations featuring spontaneous singing in The Baltic States. The movement eventually collected 4,000,000 people who sang national songs and hymns, which were strictly forbidden during the years of the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States, as local rock musicians played. In later years, people acted as human shields to protect radio and TV stations from the Soviet tanks, eventually regaining Lithuania's, Latvia's, and Estonia's independence without any bloodshed.
[43]

1989
China
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
Nonviolence in 1989 Tiananmen protests

1989
Czechoslovakia
Velvet Revolution

1989–90
East Germany
Monday demonstrations in East Germany
The Monday demonstrations in East Germany in 1989 and 1990 (German: Montagsdemonstrationen) were a series of peaceful political protests against the authoritarian government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) of East Germany that took place every Monday evening.

1990–91
Azerbaijan SSR
Black January
A crackdown of Azeri protest demonstrations by the Red Army in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR. The demonstrators protested against ethnic violence, demanded the ousting of communist officials and called for independence from the Soviet Union.

2000
Serbia
Otpor!
Otpor! (English: Resistance!) was a civic youth movement that existed as such from 1998 until 2003 in Serbia (then a federal unit within FR Yugoslavia), employing nonviolent struggle against the regime of Slobodan Milošević as their course of action. In the course of two-year nonviolent struggle against Milosevic, Otpor spread across Serbia and attracted more than 70,000 supporters. They were credited for their role in the successful overthrow of Slobodan Milošević on 5 October 2000.

2003
Liberia
Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace
This peace movement, started by women praying and singing in a fish market, brought an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003.

2004–05
Israel
Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004
Protesters opposing Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004 nonviolently resisted impending evacuations of Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Protesters blocked several traffic intersections, resulting in massive gridlock and delays throughout Israel. While Israeli police had received advance notice of the action, opening traffic intersections proved extremely difficult. Eventually, over 400 demonstrators were arrested, including many juveniles. Further large demonstrations planned to commence when Israeli authorities, preparing for disengagement, cut off access to the Gaza Strip. During the confrontation, mass civil disobedience failed to emerge in Israel proper. However, some settlers and their supporters resisted evacuation non-violently.

2004–2005
Ukraine
Orange Revolution
A series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine in the immediate aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election which was marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and direct electoral fraud. Nationwide, the democratic revolution was highlighted by a series of acts of civil disobedience, sit-ins, and general strikes organized by the opposition movement.

2005
Lebanon
Cedar Revolution
A chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on February 14, 2005.

2005-2006, 2009
Ukraine
Remember about the Gas — Do not buy Russian goods!
A campaign to boycott Russian goods as a reaction to political pressure of Russian Federation to Ukraine in the gas conflicts of 2005-2006 and 2008-2009 years.

2010-2011
Tunisia
Tunisian Revolution
A chain of demonstrations against unemployment and government corruption in Tunisia began in December 2010. Protests were triggered by the self-immolation of vegetable seller Mohamed Bouazizi and resulted in the overthrow of 24-year-ruling president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali on January 14, 2011.

2011
Egypt
Egyptian Revolution
A chain of protests, sit-ins, and strikes by millions of Egyptians starting January 25, 2011 eventually led to the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak on February 11.

2011
Libya
Libyan Protests
Protests against the regime of Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi began on January 13, 2011. In late January, Jamal al-Hajji, a writer, political commentator and accountant, "call[ed] on the Internet for demonstrations to be held in support of greater freedoms in Libya" inspired by the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. He was arrested on 1 February by plain-clothes police officers, and charged on 3 February with injuring someone with his car. Amnesty International stated that because al-Hajji had previously been imprisoned for his non-violent political opinions, the real reason for the present arrest appeared to be his call for demonstrations.[44] In early February, Gaddafi, on behalf of the Jamahiriya, met with political activists, journalists and media figures and warned them that they would be held responsible if they disturbed the peace or created chaos in Libya.[45] The plans to protest were inspired by the Tunisian and Egyptian revolution.[45]

2011
Syria
Syrian Uprising
Protests against the regime of President Bashar al-Assad began on March 15, 2011. Security forces responded with a harsh crackdown, arresting thousands of dissidents and killing hundreds of protesters. Peaceful protests were largely crushed by the army or subsided as rebels and Islamist fighters took up arms against the government, leading to a full-blown rebellion against the Assad regime.

2011–present
Bahrain
Bahraini uprising (2011–present)
Inspired by the regional Arab Spring, protests started in Bahrain on 14 February. The government responded harshly, killing four protesters camping in Pearl Roundabout. Later, protesters were allowed to reoccupy the roundabout where they staged large marches amounting to 150,000 participants.
On 14 March, Saudi-led GCC forces were requested by the government and entered the country, which the opposition called an "occupation". The following day, a state of emergency was declared and protests paused after a brutal crackdown was launched against protesters, including doctors and bloggers. Nearly 3,000 people have been arrested, and at least five people died due to torture while in police custody.
Protests resumed after lifting emergency law on 1 June, and several large rallies were staged by the opposition parties, including a march on 9 March 2012 attended by over 100,000. Smaller-scale protests and clashes outside of the capital have continued to occur almost daily. More than 80 people had died since the start of the uprising.

[46]

1979–present
Saudi Arabia
Saudi uprising (1979–present)
1979 Qatif Uprising
Saudi Arabian protests
Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia#Discrimination in the workforce
Execution of Nimr al-Nimr#Street protests
Shiite community leaders in Qatif announced that they would publicly celebrate the Day of Ashura festival, despite the fact that celebration of Shiite festivals was banned. Despite government threats to disperse protests, on 25 November 1979 4,000 Shiite in Safwa took to the streets to publicly celebrate the Day of Ashura.[47][better source needed] Shia are prohibited from becoming teachers of religious subjects, which constitute about half of the courses in secondary education. Shia cannot become principals of schools. Some Shia have become university professors but often face harassment from students and faculty alike. Shia are disqualified as witnesses in court, as Saudi Sunni sources cite the Shi'a practise of Taqiyya wherein it is permissible to lie while one is in fear or at risk of significant persecution. Shia cannot serve as judges in ordinary court, and are banned from gaining admission to military academies,[34] and from high-ranking government or security posts, including becoming pilots in Saudi Airlines. Amir Taheri quotes a Shi'ite businessman from Dhahran as saying "It is not normal that there are no Shi'ite army officers, ministers, governors, mayors and ambassadors in this kingdom. This form of religious apartheid is as intolerable as was apartheid based on race.[48][better source needed] In October 2011, during the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests, al-Nimr said that young people protesting in response to the arrests of two al-Awamiyah septuagenarians were provoked by police firing at them with live ammunition. On 4 October, he called for calm, stating, "The [Saudi] authorities depend on bullets ... and killing and imprisonment. We must depend on the roar of the word, on the words of justice".[11] He explained further, "We do not accept [the use of firearms]. This is not our practice. We will lose it. It is not in our favour. This is our approach [use of words]. We welcome those who follow such [an] attitude. Nonetheless, we cannot enforce our methodology on those who want to pursue different approaches [and] do not commit to ours. The weapon of the word is stronger than the power of bullets."[49][better source needed]

2012–present
Mexico
Yo Soy 132

2013–present
Turkey
2013 protests in Turkey
Peaceful protests against reconstruction of Gezi Park at Istanbul's landmark Taksim Square, turned into protests against Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Over one million people nonviolently resisted police brutal force. Started in Istanbul, protests spread in 10 days to over 82 cities of Turkey. Significant violence from the police side was manifested by use of tear gas and rubber bullets. Many people were arrested, including haphazard arrests of people simply standing at the square.
[50]

2013–present
Ukraine
Do not buy Russian goods!
A campaign to boycott Russian goods as a reaction to a series of Russian trade embargos against Ukraine and military invasion of Russia in Ukraine.

2014–present
Hong Kong
Umbrella Revolution
Student class boycotts and public demonstrations followed by spontaneous outbreak of civil disobedience and street occupation lasting 79 days.

2016–present
Zimbabwe
#ThisFlag Movement
Mass Stay Aways which were backed by a rigorous social media campaign to bring social and political change in Zimbabwe.

2017
Tamil Nadu - India
2017 pro-Jallikattu protests
Peaceful demonstrations organized primarily by civilians, without any specific leaders, followed by outbreak of civil disobedience and people occupying Marina shore in Chennai and other prominent places across the state, demanding permanent solution for Jallikattu by passing permanent ordinance to support Jallikattu and to boycott foreign companies such as Pepsi, Coca-Cola as their water consumption is affecting local farmers.

2016–2017
South Korea
Impeachment of Park Geun-hye
Peaceful demonstrations against president Park Geun-hye resulted the impeachment of the South Korean president.

2018–present
Iran
White Wednesdays
Girl of Enghelab Street
Peaceful demonstrations against compulsory hijab and discriminations.

2018
Tamil Nadu - India
Anti-Sterlite protest
100 day peaceful demonstration against Sterlite Copper Coporation in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. Despite pollution control regulatory & environmental research institute reports along with apex court orders to shutdown the industry smelting operation were continued. Public demanded State to stop further expansion plans as a continuum of response against ill effects of pollution caused by the smelter.


document_title: David

question_text: where is david first introduced in the bible

text: David

text: Biblical account[edit]

text: Family[edit]

text: The first book of Samuel portrays David as the youngest of the eight sons of Jesse of Bethlehem. His mother is not named in any book of the Bible, but the Talmud identifies her as Nitzevet daughter of Adael.[2] When the story was retold in 1 Chronicles (4th century BCE) he was made the youngest of seven sons and given two sisters, Zeruiah and Abigail. The Book of Ruth (possibly also 4th century BCE) traces his ancestry back to Ruth the Moabite.

text: David is described as cementing his relations with various political and national groups through marriage.[3] He is described as having eight wives: Michal, the second daughter of King Saul; Ahinoam the Jezreelite; Abigail the Carmelite, previously wife of Nabal; Maachah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur; Haggith; Abital; Eglah; and Bathsheba.

text: The Book of Chronicles lists his sons with his various wives and concubines. In Hebron, David had six sons: Amnon, by Ahinoam; Daniel, by Abigail; Absalom, by Maachah; Adonijah, by Haggith; Shephatiah, by Abital; and Ithream, by Eglah.[4] By Bathsheba, his sons were Shammua, Shobab, Nathan and Solomon. David's sons born in Jerusalem of his other wives included Ibhar, Elishua, Eliphelet, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama and Eliada.[5] Jerimoth, who is not mentioned in any of the genealogies, is mentioned as another of his sons in 2 Chronicles 11:18. His daughter Tamar, by Maachah, is a key character in the incident of her rape by one of her half-brothers.

text: Narrative[edit]

text: God is angered when Saul, Israel's king, unlawfully offers a sacrifice[6] and later disobeys a divine instruction to not only kill all of the Amalekites, but to destroy also their confiscated property.[7] Consequently, he sends the prophet Samuel to anoint a shepherd, David, the youngest son of Jesse of Bethlehem, to be king instead.[8]

text: God sends an evil spirit to torment Saul. Saul's courtiers recommend that he send for David, a man skillful on the lyre, wise in speech, and brave in battle. So David enters Saul's service as one of the royal armour-bearers, and plays the lyre to soothe the king.[9]

text: War comes between Israel and the Philistines, and the giant Goliath challenges the Israelites to send out a champion to face him in single combat.[10] David, sent by his father to bring provisions to his brothers serving in Saul's army, declares that he can defeat Goliath.[11] Refusing the king's offer of the royal armour,[12] he kills Goliath with his sling.[13] Saul inquires the name of the young hero's father.[14]

text: Saul sets David over his army. All Israel loves David, but his popularity causes Saul to fear him ("What else can he wish but the kingdom?").[15] Saul plots his death, but Saul's son Jonathan, one of those who loves David, warns him of his father's schemes and David flees. He goes first to Nob, where he is fed by the priest Ahimelech and given Goliath's sword, and then to Gath, the Philistine city of Goliath, intending to seek refuge with King Achish there. Achish's servants or officials question his loyalty, and David sees that he is in danger there.[16] He goes next to the cave of Adullam, where his family join him.[17] From there he goes to seek refuge with the king of Moab, but the prophet Gad advises him to leave and he goes to the Forest of Hereth,[18] and then to Keilah, where is involved in a further battle with the Philistines. Saul plans to besiege Keilah so that he can capture David, so David leaves the city in order to protect its inhabitants.[19] From there he takes refuge in the mountainous Wilderness of Ziph.[20]

text: Jonathan meets with David again and confirms his loyalty to David as the future king. The people of Ziph notify Saul that David is taking refuge in their territory, Saul seeks confirmation and plans to capture David in the Wilderness of Maon, but his attention is diverted by a renewed Philistine invasion and David is able to secure some respite at Ein Gedi.[21] Returning from battle with the Philistines, Saul heads to Ein Gedi in pursuit of David and enters the cave where, as it happens, David and his supporters are hiding, "to attend to his needs". David realises he has an opportunity to kill Saul, but this is not his intention: he secretly cuts off a corner of Saul's robe and when Saul has left the cave he comes out to pay homage to Saul as the king and to demonstrate, using the piece of robe, that he holds no malice towards Saul. The two are thus reconciled and Saul recognises David as his successor.[22] Anglican theologian Donald Spence Jones holds that, "one of the most beautiful characteristics of David’s many-sided nature was this enduring loyalty to Saul and to Saul’s house".[23]

text: Alternatively, or (in the opinion of some commentators) subsequently,[24] Saul and David were reconciled following a similar occurrence when David was able to infiltrate Saul's camp on the hill of Hachilah and remove his spear and a jug of water from his side while he and his guards lay asleep. In this account (1 Samuel 26), David is advised by Abishai that this is his opportunity to kill Saul, but David declines, saying he will not "stretch out [his] hand against the Lord’s anointed".[25] David shows, by removing Saul's spear, that he had chance to take Saul's life but did not do so. Saul confesses that he has been wrong to pursue David, blesses him and promises that he "will do great things and surely triumph".[26] David prays that his own protection will be like his protection of Saul. The New King James Version and the New International Version both identify this episode as a second reconciliation between Saul and David[27] (with no account of any intervening dispute) but theologian Albert Barnes says the incident "is of a nature unlikely to have occurred more than once". This, it seems, was their last interview; after this they saw each other no more.[28]

text: A different tradition is recalled in 1 Samuel 27:1–4, namely that Saul ceased to pursue David because David took refuge a second time with Achish, the Philistine king of Gath.[29] Robert Jamieson, in the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary, suggests that Saul and David had "become irreconcilable" despite the reconciliations described in 1 Samuel 24 and 1 Samuel 26.[30] Achish permits David to reside in Ziklag, close to the border between Gath and Judea, from where he leads raids against the Geshurites, the Girzites and the Amalekites, but leads Achish to believe he is attacking the Israelites in Judah, the Jerahmeelites and the Kenites. Achish believes that David had become a loyal vassal, but he never wins the trust of the princes or lords of Gath and at their request Achish instructs David to remain behind to guard the camp when the Philistines march against Saul.[31] David returns to Ziklag.[32] Jonathan and Saul are killed in battle,[33] and David is anointed king over Judah.[34] In the north, Saul's son Ish-Bosheth is anointed king of Israel, and war ensues until Ish-Bosheth is murdered.[35]

text: With the death of Saul's son, the elders of Israel come to Hebron and David is anointed king over all of Israel.[36] He conquers Jerusalem, previously a Jebusite stronghold, and makes it his capital.[37] He brings the Ark of the Covenant to the city,[38] intending to build a temple for God, but the prophet Nathan forbids it, prophesying that the temple would be built by one of his sons.[39] Nathan also prophesies that God has made a covenant with the house of David stating, "your throne shall be established forever".[40] David wins more victories over the Philistines, while the Moabites, Edomites, Amalekites, Ammonites and king Hadadezer of Aram-Zobah pay tribute after being defeated.[41]

text: During a siege against the Ammonite capital of Rabbah, David remains in Jerusalem. He spies a woman, Bathsheba, bathing on a nearby rooftop and summons her; she becomes pregnant.[42][43][44] The text in the Bible does not explicitly state whether Bathsheba consented or not for sex.[45][46][47] Larry Richards and Lawrence O. Richards state that the biblical text supports the innocence of Bathsheba, that David took the initiative to find out her identity and summon her, and that she was alone at the time and had no way to refuse the requests of a king.[42] David J. Zucker writes that "She is a victim of 'power rape'".[44] Andrew J. Schmutzer stated that "David's "taking" Bathsheba makes him responsible for her coming to him."[48] Antony F. Campbell states "The 'violation of Bathsheba' may be the least unsatisfactory terminology, especially given the ambivalence of the text's storytelling."[45] David calls her husband, Uriah the Hittite, back from the battle to rest, hoping that he will go home to his wife and the child will be presumed to be his. Uriah does not visit his wife, however, so David conspires to have him killed in the heat of battle. David then marries the widowed Bathsheba.[49] In response, Nathan prophesies the punishment that will fall upon him, stating "the sword shall never depart from your house."[50] When David acknowledges that he has sinned,[51] Nathan advises him that his sin is forgiven and he will not die,[52] but the child will.[53]

text: In fulfillment of Nathan's words, David's son Absalom rebels.[54] Absalom's forces are routed at the battle of the Wood of Ephraim, and he is caught by his long hair in the branches of a tree where, contrary to David's order, he is killed by Joab, the commander of David's army.[55] David laments the death of his favourite son: "O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!"[56] until Joab persuades him to recover from "the extravagance of his grief"[57] and to fulfil his duty to his people.[58] David returns to Gilgal and is escorted across the River Jordan and back to Jerusalem by the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.[59]

text: When David is old and bedridden, Adonijah, his eldest surviving son and natural heir, declares himself king.[60] Bathsheba and Nathan go to David and obtain his agreement to crown Bathsheba's son Solomon as king, according to David's earlier promise, and the revolt of Adonijah is put down.[61] David dies at the age of 70 after reigning for 40 years,[62] and on his deathbed counsels Solomon to walk in the ways of God and to take revenge on his enemies.[63]

text: David in history, archeology and literature[edit]

text: The Tel Dan Stele, an inscribed stone erected by a king of Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate his victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase ביתדוד, bytdwd, which most scholars translate as "House of David".[64] Other scholars, such as Anson Rainey have challenged this reading,[65][66] but it is likely that this is a reference to a dynasty of the Kingdom of Judah which traced its ancestry to a founder named David.[64] The Mesha Stele from Moab, dating from approximately the same period, may also contain the name David in two places, although this is less certain than the mention in the Tel Dan inscription.[67]

text: Apart from these, all that is known of David comes from the biblical literature. The Books of Samuel were substantially composed during the time of King Josiah at the end of the 7th century BCE, extended during the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), and substantially complete by about 550 BCE, although further editing was done even after then—the silver quarter-shekel which Saul's servant offers to Samuel in 1 Samuel 9 "almost certainly fixes the date of the story in the Persian or Hellenistic period".[68] The authors and editors of Samuel drew on many earlier sources, including, for their history of David, the "history of David's rise" (1 Samuel 16:14–2 Samuel 5:10), and the "succession narrative" (2 Samuel 9–20 and 1 Kings 1–2).[69] The Book of Chronicles, which tells the story from a different point of view, was probably composed in the period 350–300 BCE, and uses Samuel as its source.[70]

text: The authors and editors of Samuel and Chronicles did not aim to record history, but to promote David's reign as inevitable and desirable, and for this reason there is little about David that is concrete and undisputed.[71] The archaeological evidence indicates that in the 10th century BCE, the time of David, Judah was sparsely inhabited and Jerusalem was no more than a small village; over the following century it slowly evolved from a highland chiefdom to a kingdom, but always overshadowed by the older and more powerful kingdom of Israel to the north.[72] The biblical evidence likewise indicates that David's Judah was something less than a full-fledged monarchy: it often calls him negid, for example, meaning "prince" or "chief", rather than melek, meaning "king"; the biblical David sets up none of the complex bureaucracy that a kingdom needs (even his army is made up of volunteers), and his followers are largely related to him and from his small home-area around Hebron.[73]

text: Beyond this, the full range of possible interpretations is available. The late John Bright, in his History of Israel (1981), takes Samuel at face value. Donald B. Redford, however, sees all reconstructions from biblical sources for the United Monarchy period as examples of "academic wishful thinking".[74] Thomas L. Thompson rejects the historicity of the biblical narrative: "The history of Palestine and of its peoples is very different from the Bible's narratives, whatever political claims to the contrary may be. An independent history of Judea during the Iron I and Iron II periods has little room for historicizing readings of the stories of I-II Samuel and I Kings."[75] Amihai Mazar however, concludes that based on recent archeological findings, like those in City of David, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Tel Dan, Tel Rehov, Khirbet en-Nahas and others "the deconstruction of United Monarchy and the devaluation of Judah as a state in 9th century is unacceptable interpretation of available historic data". According to Mazar, based on archeological evidences, the United Monarchy can be described as a "state in development".[76]

text: Some studies of David have been written: Baruch Halpern has pictured David as a lifelong vassal of Achish, the Philistine king of Gath;[77] Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman have identified as the oldest and most reliable section of Samuel those chapters which describe David as the charismatic leader of a band of outlaws who captures Jerusalem and makes it his capital.[78] Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor of the Hebrew Bible at Rhodes College and author of King David: A Biography, states the belief that David actually came from a wealthy family, was "ambitious and ruthless" and a tyrant who murdered his opponents, including his own sons.[79]

text: Critical Bible scholarship holds that the biblical account of David's rise to power is a political apology—an answer to contemporary charges against him, of his involvement in murders and regicide.[80]

text: Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman reject the idea that David ruled over a united monarchy, suggesting instead that he ruled only as a chieftain over the southern kingdom of Judah, much smaller than the northern kingdom of Israel at that time.[81] They posit that Israel and Judah were still polytheistic in the time of David and Solomon, and that much later seventh-century redactors sought to portray a past golden age of a united, monotheistic monarchy in order to serve contemporary needs.[82] They note a lack of archeological evidence for David's military campaigns and a relative underdevelopment of Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, compared to a more developed and urbanized Samaria, capital of Israel.[83][84][85]

text: Jacob L. Wright, Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible at Emory University, has written that the most popular legends about David, including his killing of Goliath, his affair with Bathsheba, and his ruling of a United Kingdom of Israel rather than just Judah, are the creation of those who lived generations after him, in particular those living in the late Persian or Hellenistic periods.[86]

text: David as psalmist and musician[edit]

text: The Book of Samuel calls David a skillful harp (lyre) player[87] and "the sweet psalmist of Israel."[88] Yet, while almost half of the Psalms are headed "A Psalm of David" (also translated as "to David" or "for David") and tradition identifies several with specific events in David’s life (e.g., Psalms 3, 7, 18, 34, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 63 and 142),[89] the headings are late additions and no psalm can be attributed to David with certainty.[79]

text: Psalm 34 is attributed to David on the occasion of his escape from Abimelech (or King Achish) by pretending to be insane.[90] According to the parallel narrative in 1 Samuel 21, instead of killing the man who had exacted so many casualties from him, Abimelech allows David to depart, exclaiming, "Am I so short of madmen that you have to bring this fellow here to carry on like this in front of me? Must this man come into my house?"[91]

text: Rabbinic Judaism[edit]

text: David is an important figure in Rabbinic Judaism. Many legends have grown around the figure of David. According to one Rabbinic tradition, David was raised as the son of his father Jesse and spent his early years herding his father's sheep in the wilderness while his brothers were in school.

text: David's adultery with Bathsheba was only an opportunity to demonstrate the power of repentance, and the Talmud states that it was not adultery at all, quoting a Jewish practice of divorce on the eve of battle. Furthermore, according to Talmudic sources, the death of Uriah was not to be considered murder, on the basis that Uriah had committed a capital offense by refusing to obey a direct command from the King.[92] However, in tractate Sanhedrin, David expressed remorse over his transgressions and sought forgiveness. God ultimately forgave David and Bathsheba but would not remove their sins from Scripture.[93]

text: According to midrashim, Adam gave up 70 years of his life for the life of David.[94] Also, according to the Talmud Yerushalmi, David was born and died on the Jewish holiday of Shavuot (Feast of Weeks). His piety was said to be so great that his prayers could bring down things from Heaven.

text: Christianity[edit]

text:
King David the Prophet

King David in Prayer, by Pieter de Grebber (c. 1640)

Holy Monarch, Prophet, Reformer, Spiritual Poet and Musician, Vicegerent of God, Psalm-Receiver

Born
Bethlehem

Died
Jerusalem

Venerated in
Judaism
Christianity
Islam

Feast
December 29 – Roman Catholicism

Attributes
Psalms, Harp, Head of Goliath

text: The concept of the Messiah is important in Christianity. Originally an earthly king ruling by divine appointment ("the anointed one", as the title Messiah had it), the "son of David" became in the last two pre-Christian centuries the apocalyptic and heavenly one who would deliver Israel and usher in a new kingdom. This was the background to the concept of Messiahship in early Christianity, which interpreted the career of Jesus "by means of the titles and functions assigned to David in the mysticism of the Zion cult, in which he served as priest-king and in which he was the mediator between God and man".[95] The early Church believed that "the life of David [foreshadowed] the life of Christ; Bethlehem is the birthplace of both; the shepherd life of David points out Christ, the Good Shepherd; the five stones chosen to slay Goliath are typical of the five wounds; the betrayal by his trusted counsellor, Achitophel, and the passage over the Cedron remind us of Christ's Sacred Passion. Many of the Davidic Psalms, as we learn from the New Testament, are clearly typical of the future Messiah."[96] In the Middle Ages, "Charlemagne thought of himself, and was viewed by his court scholars, as a 'new David'. [This was] not in itself a new idea, but [one whose] content and significance were greatly enlarged by him".[97] The linking of David to earthly kingship was reflected in later Medieval cathedral windows all over Europe through the device of the Tree of Jesse, its branches demonstrating how divine kingship descended from Jesse, through his son David, to Jesus.

text: Western Rite churches (Lutheran, Roman Catholic) celebrate his feast day on 29 December, Eastern-rite on 19 December.[98] The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches celebrate the feast day of the "Holy Righteous Prophet and King David" on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord), when he is commemorated together with other ancestors of Jesus. He is also commemorated on the Sunday after the Nativity, together with Joseph and James, the Brother of the Lord.

text: Middle Ages[edit]

text: In European Christian culture of the Middle Ages, David was made a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes encapsulating all the ideal qualities of chivalry. His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those aspiring to chivalric status. This aspect of David in the Nine Worthies was popularised firstly through literature, and was thereafter adopted as a frequent subject for painters and sculptors.

text: David was considered as a model ruler and a symbol of divinely-ordained monarchy throughout medieval Western Europe and Eastern Christendom. David was perceived as the biblical predecessor to Christian Roman and Byzantine emperors and the name "New David" was used as an honorific reference to these rulers.[100] The Georgian Bagratids and the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia claimed a direct biological descent from him.[101] Likewise, the Frankish Carolingian dynasty frequently connected themselves to David; Charlemagne himself occasionally used the name of David as his pseudonym.[100]

text: Islam[edit]

text: David (Arabic داود, Dāwūd) is a highly important figure in Islam as one of the major prophets sent by God to guide the Israelites. David is mentioned several times in the Quran, often with his son Solomon. The actual Arabic equivalent to the Hebrew Davīd is Dawūd. In the Qur'an: David killed Goliath (2:251), a giant soldier in the Philistine army. When David killed Goliath, God granted him kingship and wisdom and enforced it (38:20). David was made God's "vicegerent on earth" (38:26) and God further gave David sound judgment (21:78; 37:21–24, 26) as well as the Psalms, regarded as books of divine wisdom (4:163; 17:55). The birds and mountains united with David in uttering praise to God (21:79; 34:10; 38:18), while God made iron soft for David (34:10), God also instructed David in the art of fashioning chain-mail out of iron (21:80); an indication of the first use of Wrought iron, this knowledge gave David a major advantage over his bronze and cast iron-armed opponents, not to mention the cultural and economic impact. Together with Solomon, David gave judgment in a case of damage to the fields (21:78) and David judged the matter between two disputants in his prayer chamber (38:21–23). Since there is no mention in the Qur'an of the wrong David did to Uriah nor any reference to Bathsheba, Muslims reject this narrative.[102]

text: Muslim tradition and the hadith stress David's zeal in daily prayer as well as in fasting.[103] Qur'an commentators, historians and compilers of the numerous Stories of the Prophets elaborate upon David's concise Qur'anic narratives and specifically mention David's gift in singing his Psalms as well as his musical and vocal talents. His voice is described as having had a captivating power, weaving its influence not only over man but over all beasts and nature, who would unite with him to praise God.[104]

text: Modern art and literature[edit]

text: Literature[edit]

text: Literary works about David include:

text:
1681–82 Dryden's long poem Absalom and Achitophel is an allegory that uses the story of the rebellion of Absalom against King David as the basis for his satire of the contemporary political situation, including events such as the Monmouth Rebellion (1685), the Popish Plot (1678) and the Exclusion Crisis.
1893 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used the story of David and Bathsheba as the main structure for the Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Crooked Man. The betrayal of the Crooked Man is paralleled with David's betrayal of Uriah the Hittite, carried out in order to win Bathsheba.
1928 Elmer Davis's novel Giant Killer retells and embellishes the biblical story of David, casting David as primarily a poet who managed always to find others to do the "dirty work" of heroism and kingship. In the novel, Elhanan in fact killed Goliath but David claimed the credit; and Joab, David's cousin and general, took it upon himself to make many of the difficult decisions of war and statecraft when David vacillated or wrote poetry instead.
1936 William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! refers to the story of Absalom, David's son; his rebellion against his father and his death at the hands of David's general, Joab. In addition it parallels Absalom's vengeance for the rape of his sister Tamar by his half-brother, Amnon.
1939 In Agatha Christie's novel/play And Then There Were None (also known as Ten Little Indians), one character compares his own predicament to the story of David and Uriah.
1941 In Frans G. Bengtsson's historical novel The Long Ships, a Christian missionary is hosted by the early Danish King Harald Bluetooth and his son Sweyn Forkbeard and recounts to them the life of King David including the story of Absalom's rebellion—a sensitive subject since the Danish King suspects his own son of intending to launch a rebellion.
1946 Gladys Schmitt's novel David the King was a richly embellished biography of David's entire life. The book took a risk, especially for its time, in portraying David's relationship with Jonathan as overtly homoerotic, but was ultimately panned by critics as a bland rendition of the title character.
1966 Juan Bosch, a Dominican political leader and writer, wrote David: Biography of a King, as a realistic portrayal of David's life and political career.
1970 Dan Jacobson's The Rape of Tamar is an imagined account, by one of David's courtiers Yonadab, of the rape of Tamar by Amnon.
1972 Stefan Heym wrote The King David Report in which the historian Ethan compiles upon King Solomon's orders "a true and authoritative report on the life of David, Son of Jesse"—the East German writer's wry depiction of a court historian writing an "authorized" history, many incidents clearly intended as satirical references to the writer's own time.
1974 In Thomas Burnett Swann's biblical fantasy novel How are the Mighty Fallen, David and Jonathan are explicitly stated to be lovers. Moreover, Jonathan is a member of a winged semi-human race (possibly nephilim), one of several such races coexisting with humanity but often persecuted by it.
1980 Malachi Martin's factional novel King of Kings: A Novel of the Life of David relates the life of David, Adonai's champion in his battle with the Philistine deity Dagon.
1984 Joseph Heller wrote a novel based on David called God Knows, published by Simon & Schuster. Told from the perspective of an aging David, the humanity—rather than the heroism—of various biblical characters is emphasized. The portrayal of David as a man of flaws such as greed, lust, selfishness, and his alienation from God, the falling apart of his family is a distinctly 20th-century interpretation of the events told in the Bible.
1993 Madeleine L'Engle's novel Certain Women explores family, the Christian faith, and the nature of God through the story of King David's family and an analogous modern family's saga.
1995 Allan Massie wrote King David, a novel about David's career that portrays the king's relationship to Jonathan as sexual.[105]
2007, 2010 "Occupation Duty," a short alternate history story by Harry Turtledove, published in Time Twisters, (eds. Jean Rabe and Martin H. Greenberg), and in Atlantis and Other Places, is set in modern times in a world in which Goliath defeated David, resulting in the state of "Philistinia" having the same function in that world as the State of Israel has in ours.
2015 Pulitzer Prize–winning author Geraldine Brooks published a novel about King David, The Secret Chord.[106]
2016 New York Times – bestselling author Eric Shaw Quinn published a novel about King David, The Prince's Psalm with a special emphasis on the passionate love and devotion between the youthful David and Jonathan, Crown Prince of Israel and son of King Saul. Their friendship and developing love forge both men into legends, while the enmity of the Royal Court, jealous wives, or King Saul himself can keep the purity and intrinsic love they feel from expressing itself in war, peace, or even death.

text: Paintings[edit]

text:
1299 Caravaggio David and Goliath
c. 1619 Caravaggio, David and Goliath

text: Sculptures[edit]

text:
1440? Donatello David
1501–04 Michelangelo, David

text: Film[edit]

text: David has been depicted several times in films; these are some of the best-known:

text:
1917 In The Chosen Prince, directed by William V. Mong
1951 In David and Bathsheba, directed by Henry King, Gregory Peck played David.
1959 In Solomon and Sheba, directed by King Vidor, Finlay Currie played an aged King David.
1961 In A Story of David, directed by Bob McNaught, Jeff Chandler played David.
1985 In King David, directed by Bruce Beresford, Richard Gere played King David. This film was poorly received by critics and failed at the box office.
1996 In Dave and the Giant Pickle
1997 In Bible Collection
2016 In Of Kings and Prophets

text: Music[edit]

text:
14th/15th century Josquin des Prez's Planxit autem, David is a polyphonic setting of 2 Samuel, chapter one verses 17–27, David's lamentation for the dead Saul and Jonathan. His Absalon fili mi is a polyphonic lamentation from David's perspective on the death of his son.[citation needed]
1738 George Frideric Handel's oratorio Saul features David as one of its main characters.[107]
1921 Arthur Honegger's oratorio Le Roi David with a libretto by René Morax, instantly became a staple of the choral repertoire.
1984 "Flash of the Blade" by Iron Maiden mentions David in the line "You're St. George or you're David and you always killed the beast".
1984 Leonard Cohen's song "Hallelujah" has references to David ("there was a secret chord that David played and it pleased the Lord", "The baffled king composing Hallelujah") and Bathsheba ("you saw her bathing on the roof") in its opening verses.
1989 The Pixies' song "Dead" on Doolittle is a retelling of David's adultery and repentance.[citation needed]
1990 The song "One of the Broken" by Paddy McAloon, performed by Prefab Sprout on the album Jordan: The Comeback, has a reference to David ("I remember King David, with his harp and his beautiful, beautiful songs, I answered his prayers, and showed him a place where his music belongs").
1991 "Mad About You", a song on Sting's the album The Soul Cages, explores David's obsession with Bathsheba from David's perspective.[108]
1999 Eric Whitacre composed a choral piece, "When David Heard", chronicling the death of Absalom and David's grief over losing his son.[citation needed]
2000 The song "Gimme a Stone" appears on the Little Feat album Chinese Work Songs chronicles the duel with Goliath and contains a lament to Absalom as a bridge[109].
2009 "The Angel of Death Came to David's Room" by MewithoutYou is in reference to King David.[citation needed]
2011 Your Heart by Chris Tomlin on Music inspired by The Story is a prayer of David.[citation needed]

text: Musical theater[edit]

text: 1997 King David, a modern oratorio, with a book and lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Alan Menken.

text: Television[edit]

text:
1995 The episode "Little Big Dog" of the PBS series Wishbone recounts the story of David, his favor with Saul, and his triumphant battle over Goliath.
The season two episode of Xena: Warrior Princess called "Giant Killer" features David and his killing of Goliath.
1996 In Series 2, Episode 7 of the science fiction show Dominion, titled "Lay Thee Before Kings," David is shown slaying Goliath with the unwitting support of the Archangels Gabriel and Michael.
1997 TV film David, with Nathaniel Parker portraying King David.
1997 Max von Sydow portrayed an older King David in the TV film Solomon, a sequel to David.
2009 The NBC series Kings, explicitly designed as a modern retelling of the David story.
2013 Langley Kirkwood portrayed King David in the miniseries The Bible produced by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey.

text: Playing cards[edit]

text: For a considerable period, starting in the 15th century and continuing until the 19th, French playing card manufacturers assigned to each of the court cards names taken from history or mythology.[110][111] In this context, the King of Spades was often known as "David".

text: Image gallery[edit]

text:
Miniature from the Paris Psalter: David in the robes of a Byzantine emperor.

Medieval manuscript: The funeral of King David.

Russian icon, iconostasis of Kizhi monastery, 18th century: St. David, Prophet and King.

Rembrandt, c. 1650: Saul and David.

Arnold Zadikow, 1930: The Young David displayed in the entrance of Berlin's Jewish Museum from 1933 until its loss during the Second World War.


document_title: Doc McStuffins

question_text: who plays the voice of hallie on doc mcstuffins

text: Doc McStuffins

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series chronicles freckled,[6] seven-year-old (later Eight[7]) Dotie "Doc" McStufins[8] who decides she wants to become a doctor like her mother, a pediatrician. The show takes place in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She practices her dream by fixing toys and dolls. In the UK, the show was redubbed using British voice actors, replacing the original American soundtrack.

text: When she activates her magic stethoscope (similar to an amulet or talisman), she can create a variety of supernatural effects, including traveling through time.[9] Her most regular use of it in the show is to cause toys, dolls, and stuffed animals to come to life. They are able to move, speak, hear, see and smell, and she can interact with them. With help from her stuffed friends – Stuffy the Dragon (a.k.a. Stuffy Filbert McStuffins), Hallie the Hippo, Lambie the Lamb, and Chilly the Snowman – Doc helps toys recover, or "feel better", by giving them check-ups and diagnosing their fictional illnesses with an encyclopedia called "The Big Book of Boo Boos" and another encyclopedia called "The Big Vet Book" for her toy pets when she's a veterinarian. In Season four the Big Book of Boo Boos and The Big Vet Book goes Hi Tech in a tablet form.

text: Each 11-minute episode includes original songs. During ending credits in Season 1, Doc gives advice to viewers about staying healthy. Seasons 1 and 2 have the original intro for the theme song, but in Season 3, the spoken line by Doc at the end of the theme song was re-recorded with Doc's new voice. In Season 3 Doc opens up a veterinarian clinic for fixing toy pets in addition to the regular medical services that she provides for the other toys. In Season 4, Doc's Grandma reveals her own magical stethoscope and teleports her and Doc to McStuffinsville, a magical city populated by living toys, and puts Doc in charge of the McStuffinsville Hospital.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Humans[edit]

text:
Dottie "Doc" McStuffins, a 6-year-old (Later 7) girl with the power to bring toys to life with her magical stethoscope
Donny McStuffins, Doc's 4 (Later 5)-year-old brother
Mr. Marcus McStuffins, Doc's stay-at-home dad
Dr. Maisha McStuffins, Doc's mother
Maya Alana McStuffins, Doc and Donny's new adopted baby sister, referred to as "Baby McStuffins" prior to being named
April McStuffins, Doc, Donny and Maya's paternal Grandmother
Emily "Emmie", Doc's gymnast[10] and pianist[11] best human friend
Alma, Emmie's younger sister
Dr. Peerless, Dr. Maisha McStuffins' peer at the clinic
Luca Stevens, one of Donny's friends
Tisha McStuffins, Doc's paternal cousin who gives her Hootsburgh and Queen Ameena/Amina. She is the daughter of Marcus' older sister.[12]
Will Wright, Donny's friend and soccer teammate
Carlos Ortiz, Doc and Donny's friend
Henry Dilly, Doc and Donny's friend
Dev, a kid who accidentally transported to McStuffinsville and becomes the leader of the McStuffinsville's First Responders.

text: Toys[edit]

text:
(Queen) Amena (Amina) Sparkly Queen of the World is a monarch Doc receives from her cousin Tisha.[13] Some of the other toys including The Wicked King once consider her as "bossy" but Doc objects to that label.[14]
Army Al, a toy soldier
Awesome Guy, a Super Hero action figure
Bella, a ballerina
Ben and Anna, a pair of Huggy Monkeys plushies
Bonnie Blue, a toy horse on wheels
Boppy, a toy punching bag shaped like a dog. (Voiced By James Arnold Taylor)
Bronty, a waterproof brontosaurus
Buddy, a toy dump truck
(Creepy Crawly) Charlie, a stuffed three eye monster who is not scary but very friendly.
Commander Crush, a Transformer type spacebot action figure that morphs into a space vehicle.
Darla, a toy fox who helps in emergency's (Doc Toy Hospital)
Dragon-Bot a hi tech robotic dragon
(Dress-Up) Daisy, a dress-up doll
Farmer Mack, a toy farmer based on the Playmobil line of toys
Gabby, a stuffed toy giraffe
Gillian, an Irish Giantess doll based on a series of storybooks
Glo-Bo, a six armed monster that glows in the dark
Gloria, a purple stuffed toy gorilla who loves to giggle
Hermie, a toy crab
(Professor) Hootsburgh (a.k.a. Hootie) a stuffed owl
(Big) Jack and (Little) Jack (a.k.a. Little J), a pair of Jack in the Boxes who are also father and son
Jony, a pony
Lala Koala, the new baby toy
Lenny, a toy pumper fire truck
Lieutenant[15] Luna 2200[16] an astronaut with a pet mechanical dog (Space Rover) Olivia 0-197-0 a.k.a. Liv[17]
(Wicked) King (a.k.a. Percy[citation needed]), a limbless monarch, similar in style to the original Fisher-Price Little People toys.
(Sir) Kirby, a knight
Merlinda, a wind up mermaid
Millie Microphone, a CD player & Karaoke machine
Niles, a toy crane
Nikki Nickel, a toy piggy bank
Oooey Gablooey, a gel-filled stretch toy
(Officer) Pete, a large scale metal die cast toy police car
Pickles, a blue stuffed bunny with a green button nose, similar to the Care Bears/Care Bear Cousins stuffed toys
Rescue Rhonda, a yellow remote-control helicopter who serves as an aerial ambulance for the hospital
Robot Ray, a toy robot
Squibbles McStuffins,[18] Stuffy's furry pet critter
Star Blazer Zero, an intergalactic action figure
Stanley, a toy lion with parts of a toy rabbit
Surfer Girl, a surfboard-riding wind up toy
Susie Sunshine, a large doll
Tavia, a toy sea otter
Teddy B, a teddy bear
Twiggley, a toy squirrel
Val, a heart shaped stuffed toy that Doc received as a gift for Valentine's Day

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Laya DeLeon Hayes (US) and Abriella Bierer (UK)[citation needed] as Doctor[19] Dottie "Doc" McStuffins, a girl with the power to bring toys to life with her magical stethoscope, the main protagonist of the series. Her maternal grandfather has survived heart[20] and knee replacement surgery. Doc was voiced by Kiara Muhammad (US) and Eden Jarret (UK) for seasons 1-2.
Robbie Rist (US) and Bob Golding (UK) (or Ben Schwartz in "The Doc Files") as Stuffy Philbert[21] McStuffins,[22][23] a brave[24] blue stuffed toy[25] dragon who is the bravest yet clumsiest dragon around but has a terrifying fear of spiders.
Lara Jill Miller (US) and Teresa Gallagher (UK) as Lambie McStuffins[citation needed], a stuffed[25] lamb in a pink tutu who is Doc's best friend[24] and loves to give out cuddles and supporting character Arcade Worker, a human character who works at Archie's Arcade and Witch Hazel.
Jess Harnell (US) and Tom Eastwood (UK) as Chilly McStuffins,[26] a plump[27] stuffed[28] plush[29] snowman who worries a lot,[24] and supporting characters Buddy, the Singing Turtle on the Plaque, the Halloween Bat decoration, Morton, Rodriguez the Foosball Player, Bozini the Foosball Goaltender, Fabulous Fabio, the Wicked King, and the Dude.
Loretta Devine (US) and Maria Darling (UK) as Hallie McStuffins,[26] named after the "Nurse Hallie" incarnation of the "Hallie Hippo" toy series[30]), a stuffed plush[31] purple hippopotamus in a candy striped nurse's outfit, and supporting characters Hattie the Nurse and Addie the Receptionist at the clinic where Myiesha McStuffins works with Dr. Peerless.
Kimberly Brooks (US) and Niki Felstead (UK) (also credited as Kim Brooks and Kimberly D. Brooks) as Dr. Maisha[32] McStuffins (Doc and Donny's mother, named based on Dr. Myiesha Taylor[33]) and supporting character Surfer Girl.
Gary Anthony Williams (US) and Benjamin Small (UK) as Marcus McStuffins,[citation needed] Doc and Donny's father, a stay-at-home dad and chef extraordinaire.
Jaden Betts then Sayeed Shahidi and later Andre Robinson (US) and Luca Townsend (UK) as Donny McStuffins, Doc's younger brother who is 4 years old.[24]

text: Guest stars and additional voices[edit]

text:
Karen O'Brien As Maya Alana McStuffins
China Anne McClain as Tisha McStuffins
Janice Kawaye as Kiko
Ty Burrell as Big Jack
Laraine Newman as Aurora, Professor Hootsburgh and Southwest Sal
James Arnold Taylor as Boppy, Teddy, and Carl Chug-a-Chug
Jeffrey Tambor as Santa Claus
Jim Belushi as Glo-Bo
Stephen Stanton as Gustav
Ari Rubin as Hermie and Tremaine
Nolan Gould as Little Jack
Tiffany Thornton as Xyla
Lisa Loeb as Millie Microphone
Ian Gomez as Ricardo Racecar
Dennis Farina as Riggo
Dee Bradley Baker as Robot Ray, Sebastian, Squibbles and Fetchin' Findo
Camryn Manheim as Rescue Ronda
Rob Paulsen as Angus and Sir Kirby
G.K. Bowes as Merlinda
John Michael Higgins as Star Blazer Zero
Dharbi Jens as Melinda
Amy Smith and Caitlin Carmichael as Alma
Kyle Anderson as Emmie
Curtis Harris as Henry Diloy
Amy Betts as Anne
Georgina Cordova a.k.a. Georgie Kidder as Louie
Jay Gragnani as Will Wrighy
Elan Garfias and Teo Briones as Carlo
David Boat as Awesome Guy
Tom Kenny as Walter and Rabbit
Grey DeLisle (also credited as Grey Griffin) as Lula, and Gracie
Dave B. Mitchell (credited as Dave Mitchell) as Boomer
Colette Whitaker as Moo Moo
Brad Abrell as Mr. Chomp
Lacey Chabert as Gaby
Jeffrey Nicholas Brown as Bronty and Ben
Jeff Fischer as Lenny the Fire Engine
Charlie Schlatter as Niles
Amber Hood as Susie Sunshine
Julianne Buescher as Bella the Ballerina
Hynden Walch as Bubble Monkey, Tavia and Nikki Nickel
Audrey Wasilewski as Penny the Possum
Caitlyn Leone as Pip, Flip and Trip Possum
Colleen O'Shaughnessey as Pickles the Bunny
Michael Gough as Officer Pete
Jennifer Hale as Val
Jason Marsden as Teddy B.
James Buddy Handleson as Luca Pearl
Tim Dadabo as Norton
Angie Wu as Maddie Chow
Tom Cavanagh as Big Jack (Chip Off The Ol' Box episode)
Brady Tutton as Little Jack (Chip Off The Ol' Box episode)
Sutton Foster as Frida Fairy
Jack Conely as Dragon-Bot
Josh Keaton as Johnny Foosball
Liza Del Mundo as Leilani
Amy Sedaris as Dress Up Daisy
Mela Lee as Katherine
Mike Vaughn as Stuntman Steve
Gunnar Sizemore as Jacob Halfpenny
David Kaufman as Wilbur and Sproingo Boingo
Sam Riegel as Orville
Lori Alan as Gloria the Gorilla
Tony Hale as Tobias The Elf
Steve Blum as Commander Crush and Sidney
Molly Shannon as Rita the Cheetah
Alexandra Ryan as Dolly and Dr. Peerless
Matthew Wayne as Declan Smith
Peter MacNicol as Lil Egghead
Paula Rhodes as Peaches Pie
Kath Soucie as Celeste
Catherine Cavadini as Dart
Grace Kaufman as Ramona Marcus
Adam Croasdell as Wildlife Will
Kyla Kenedy as Tamara Cranshaw
Rio Mangini as Ian Sheridan
Chris Nee as Emmie and Alma's Mom
Marieve Herington as Waddly Penguin
Lexi Glouberman as Dress Up Daisy (Blazer's Bike episode)
Cherami Leigh as Nia and Curly Q
Nika Futterman as Rosie
Angelique Perri as Spritzy Mitzi
Bernardo De Paula as Saltwater Serge
Geena Davis as Princess Persephone
Frank Welker as Creepy Cuddly Charlie Monster
Joanne Froggatt as Florence Nightingale
Lesley Nicol as Pip
Matt Milne as Bernard
Nigel Harman as Doodle Doo
Robert Bathurst as Admiral Fiddlesticks
Patton Oswalt as Count Clarence the Magnificent
Rodger Bumpass as Army Al
Arturo Del Puerto as Pop Up Paulo
Michelle Obama as Herself[34]
Jim Cummings as Winnie the Pooh and Tigger[35]
Travis Oates as Piglet[35]
Peter Cullen as Eeyore[35]
Oliver Bell as Christopher Robin[35]
Ludacris as Get-Well Gus[36]

text:
TBA as Gillian the Giant
Cristina Milizia as Lala
Ashley Nicole Selich as Stella
Kelly Stables as Joni the Pony
Anthony Anderson as Stanley
Meira Blinkoff
Joe Ochman
Debi Derryberry as Twiggly
Ellen Pompeo as Willow

text: The show's voice director is Maria Estrada.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
26
March 23, 2012 (2012-03-23)
May 3, 2013 (2013-05-03)

2
37
September 6, 2013 (2013-09-06)
September 12, 2015 (2015-09-12)

3
29
July 2, 2015 (2015-07-02)
April 25, 2016 (2016-04-25)

4
28
July 29, 2016 (2016-07-29)
November 2017 (2017-11)

5
28
March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29)
TBA

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text: In the United States, Doc McStuffins first premiered on March 23, 2012, on Disney-ABC networks Disney Channel and Disney Junior. On June 5, 2012, Disney Junior renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 6, 2013. On January 8, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on November 2, 2014.[37] On April 14, 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season by Disney Junior, which premiered on August 5, 2016. It is titled "Doc McStuffins: Toy Hospital".[38]

text: In the UK, the show premiered on June 4, 2012, using British voice actors, replacing the original American soundtrack.

text: In Canada, the show started airing on the Canadian Disney Junior channel on April 8, 2012.[39] The show also is aired in many foreign countries and has been dubbed into several languages.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series received positive reviews and criticisms after its release. Kia Morgan Smith of Cincomom.com said that "It truly warmed my heart and almost brought tears to my eyes when my 8-year-old, Mikaela, saw 'Doc McStuffins' for the first time and said, 'Wow, mommy — she's brown,'"[40] Myiesha Taylor of CoilyEmbrace.com said that "This program featuring a little African-American girl and her family is crucial to changing the future of this nation." Taylor also applauded the concept of its portrayal of a young black girl who wishes to follow in the footsteps of her mother as a doctor as the lead character, that inspired her to collect pictures of 131 doctors — all women of color — and publish a collage online under the heading, 'We Are Doc McStuffins.'"[41]

text: The program is also a ratings hit on Disney Junior. The series premiere attracted 1.08 million children ages 2 to 5, and the show has attracted an average of 918,000 viewers in the same demographic, leading AdWeek magazine to dub the show an "improbable ratings juggernaut".[42]

text: In 2013, $500 million worth of Doc McStuffins merchandise was sold,[43] something New York Times writers claimed industry experts said "seems to be setting a record" for a "toy line based on an African-American character". They also said the character had broad appeal and the toys sold well to all demographics.[44]

text: In 2016, news that Disney had yet to formally renew the program for a fifth season resulted in a number of celebrities, including W. Kamau Bell, Jamilah Lemieux and Audra McDonald to appeal Disney to continue the program. Chris Nee, the show's creator, tweeted that she would report immediately if she received any news of the show being picked up, commenting that the writing staff was eager to continue with new stories.[45]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

2014
British Academy Children's Awards[46]
International
Norton Virgien, Theresa Mayer, Chris Nee
Nominated

2016
Kidscreen Awards[47]
Best Animated Series
Tied with Sarah & Duck
Won

2015
NAACP Image Award
Outstanding Children's Program
"Doc McStuffins"
Won

2014
74th Annual Peabody Award
Peabody Award
"Doc McStuffins"
Won

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
Collection
Included episodes
Release date

Friendship is the Best Medicine
"Engine Nine, Feelin' Fine!" and "The Right Stuff", "Caught Blue-Handed" and "To Squeak, or Not to Squeak", "Ben/Anna Split!" and "That's Just Claw-Ful", "The Rip Heard Round the World" and "Walkie-Talkie Time", "Dark Knight" and "Hallie Gets an Earful"
August 21, 2012

Time for Your Check Up
"Gulpy, Gulpy Gators!" and "One Note Wonder", "Tea Party Tantrum" and "Blast Off!", "Arcade Escapade" and "Starry, Starry Night", "Bronto Boo-Boos" and "Brontosaurus Breath", "Doctoring The Doc" and "Hot Pursuit"
May 7, 2013

Mobile Clinic
"Doc McStuffins Goes McMobile" and "Chip Off the Ol' Box", "Doc to the Rescue" and "Don't Knock the Noggin", "Out of the Box" and "Run Down Race Car", "Rescue Ronda, Ready for Take off" and "All Washed Up", "Rest Your Rotors, Ronda!" and "Keep on Truckin'"
March 18, 2014

School of Medicine
"Chilly Gets Chilly" and "Through The Reading Glasses", "Hallie's Happy Birthday" and "Shark-Style Toothache", "Think Pink" and "You Foose, You Lose", "Disco Dress Up Daisy" and "The Glider Brothers", "Celestial Celeste" and "Run Doc, Run!"
September 9, 2014

Cuddle Me Lambie
"My Huggy Valentine" and "Dusty Bear", "Awesome Guy's Awesome Arm" and "Lamb in a Jam", "Kirby and the King" and "Bubble Monkey, Blow Your Nose!", "A Day Without Cuddles" and "Collide-o-scope", "Mirror, Mirror On My Penguin" and "Hide and Eek!"
February 3, 2015

Pet Vet
"Fetchin Findo" and "Twin Tweaks", "Three Goats A Cuddlin'" and "Swimmer's Belly", "A Dragon's Best Friend", "Stuffy & Squibbles" and "Queen Of Thrones", "Take Your Pet To The Vet" and "Master And Commander"
November 3, 2015

Toy Hospital
"Welcome To McStuffinsville", "Baby McStuffins and Selfless Snowman", "Runaway Love and Tour De McStuffins", "Bringing Home Baby", "Baby Names and Night Night, Lala!"
October 18, 2016

text: Video game adaptations[edit]

text: "Doc McStuffins Pet Vet" was released on iOS and Android.[48]

text: Feel Good Games[edit]

text: There are a variety of games specifically focused on the series,[49] including:

text:
Big Air Adventure[50] a 5-series crossover of title characters from Henry Hugglemonster, Jake and the Never Land Pirates, Miles from Tomorrowland, and Sofia the First
Doc McStuffins Sticker Book[51]
Doc Me[52]
Doc's Seek and Find[53]
Doc's Snowman Rollup[54]
Doc's Summertime Clinic[55]
Frost Magic[56]
Sparkly Ball Sports[57]
Stuffy's Scramble[58]
The Doc Mobile[59]

tag: ol