document_title: List of Three's Company characters

question_text: who was the first landlord on three's company

question_tokens: who was the first landlord on three 's company

text: List of Three's Company characters

text: Jack Tripper[edit]

text: Jack E. Tripper, Jr., was portrayed by John Ritter. The character is based on the character Robin Tripp of the British sitcom Man About the House and Robin's Nest. Jack was the main character on Three's Company and its spinoff Three's a Crowd.

text: Jack E. Tripper was a San Diego native who was a veteran of the United States Navy, where he was a member of a boxing team. He was discovered in the bathroom of Janet Wood and Chrissy Snow's apartment in Santa Monica on the morning after a going-away party they threw for their departing roommate Eleanor, explaining, "I came with a friend who knew one of the gate-crashers." He previously lived at the YMCA and needed a place to stay, and the girls needed a new roommate to replace Eleanor. Janet reasoned with their landlord, Stanley Roper, who lived straight downstairs from the girls' apartment, and he agreed that Jack could stay because Janet told Mr. Roper that Jack was gay, without Jack's knowledge. Jack was, of course, straight (the comedy stemming from having to "play gay" provided much of the story for the sitcom), but to bypass Mr. Roper's policy against single men sharing an apartment with single women, Jack had to pose as a homosexual to Mr. Roper (and later to Mr. Furley, as well).

text: Jack attended LA Tech on the G.I. Bill to follow his dreams of running a small French restaurant one day. He pursued a degree in culinary arts and worked odd jobs from time to time. After completion of his schooling, he found full-time employment as a chef, working for a popular restaurant owner named Frank Angelino (Jordan Charney). He worked his way up to head chef, and, around season seven, finally opened his own French restaurant called Jack's Bistro.

text: Jack had an older brother named Lee, who once came to town for a visit (in the episode "Lee Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"), and Jack displayed his feelings of inferiority when compared to Lee (Jack felt perpetually in Lee's shadow since they were children, because Lee was always more successful). Jack and Lee's father, Jack Tripper, Sr. (played by comedian Dick Shawn), appeared in the episode "Like Father, Like Son". In the season-7 episode "Extra, Extra", Jack's mother was played by actress Georgann Johnson.

text: Jack is known for being a klutz. Much of the character's humor is derived from slapstick comedy. He is extremely clumsy and accident-prone, and is well known for his comic pratfalls. Jack is somewhat of a ladies' man and a playboy, but is also kind, loyal, and protective of his roommates, family, and friends. Despite having been a boxer in the Navy, he often cowered and allowed other men to bully him (mainly because of their larger size). Also, Jack is plagued by a fear of flying, as revealed in the episodes "Up in the Air" and "Cupid Works Overtime." Jack has his own bedroom, while Janet and Chrissy share a second bedroom. A poster of The Beatles as they appeared late in their career can be seen hanging on the wall above Jack's bed. (The Beatles poster actually belonged to Ritter, an avid Beatles fan, and he lent it to the producers to hang on Jack's bedroom wall.)

text: After Three's Company[edit]

text: When Janet gets married to Phillip Dawson in the series finale "Friends and Lovers", Jack proposes to flight attendant Vicky Bradford. Though she loves him, Vicky turns Jack down since she does not want to get married and prefers that they live together instead. Jack refuses at first, but then he changes his mind and they move into the apartment above his bistro. Three's Company then ends its series run and the spin-off series Three's a Crowd begins, with Vicky and Jack living above the bistro and Vicky's father having purchased the restaurant from Mr. Angelino.

text: Janet Wood[edit]

text: Janet Wood was portrayed by Joyce DeWitt.

text: Janet and her roommate Chrissy Snow (and later roommates Cindy Snow and Terri Alden) shared an apartment in Santa Monica, California, and needed a third roommate to help pay the rent after their old roommate, Eleanor, just had her baby, got married, and decided to move out. On the morning after a going-away party they threw for Eleanor, Janet and Chrissy found Jack Tripper sleeping in their bathtub. Upon getting to know Jack, who was at the time staying at the local YMCA, Janet and Chrissy suggested that he move in as their new roommate (primarily because he is skilled in cooking meals, a skill that both girls lack). Their old-fashioned and curmudgeonly landlord, Stanley Roper, was not fond of the idea of a young man sharing an apartment with two young attractive women. However, Janet convinced Roper that Jack was gay to alleviate the landlord's concern about the living arrangement. Thus, Jack was allowed to move in under this guise.

text: Janet worked in and ultimately managed the Arcade Flower Shop. She is very fond of plants, which are seen throughout the apartment.

text: Janet is from Speedway, Indiana. She has a sister named Jenny (who came for a visit in the episode "My Sister's Keeper"), and a brother whose name was never mentioned. She graduated from college, but her major was never revealed. She is the daughter of Ruth and Roland Wood. In the episode "Chrissy Come Home", Janet states that her father is of Italian descent. She speaks Italian, although not fluently (as displayed in the episode "Loan Shark"). (Like her character, DeWitt is from Speedway and her father is of Italian descent.)

text: Janet is portrayed as the intelligent, responsible, and "reliable" roommate as opposed to her more ditzy blonde counterparts Chrissy, Cindy, and Terri, with early episodes focusing on her self-consciousness over being less endowed than her female roommates, or at being perceived as less spontaneous and sometimes acting and coping like Tripper before going out on a date. Perhaps because of her above-mentioned responsibility, Janet was the one who often reprimanded Jack over his mischeifs.

text: In the episode leading to the series finale of Three's Company, she meets Phillip Dawson at a reading of a will. In the series finale "Friends and Lovers", Janet and Phillip marry in the apartment with the rest of the gang in attendance. After Janet returns from her honeymoon, Phillip and she settle in their newly married life in another part of town.

text: Chrissy Snow[edit]

text: Christmas Noelle "Chrissy" Snow was portrayed by Suzanne Somers.

text: In the original unaired pilot of Three's Company; Samantha, the character who would become Chrissy, was portrayed by Susanne Zenor. Zenor was not picked for the second filming of the pilot, so actress Susan Lanier took over the role of Chrissy. Somers ultimately won the permanent role in the third and final pilot.

text: Chrissy was born in Fresno, the eldest child of Reverend Luther Snow (Peter Mark Richman) and his wife (Priscilla Morrill). In one episode, she explains that she was named "Christmas" because her father was a big fan of Bing Crosby (whose song "White Christmas" became a signature song of his). In another episode, she states that her name is Christmas due to having been born in December. However, in the episode "Roper's Niece", Janet states that Chrissy's birth was "not until January." Yet, in the season-four episode "Chrissy's Hospitality", Chrissy falls and hits her head, ending up in the hospital as a result. She explains to the nurse that her father named her Christmas because "she was the best present he ever got."

text: Chrissy was born into a religious family and always loved her family traditions, such as Christmas with the family. Every Sunday, the Snow family would go to church to hear her father preach. She always loved her family and friends, and upon moving to Santa Monica, she assured them that she would eventually return home to Fresno.

text: In her early 20s, Chrissy moved to Santa Monica, where she found a job as a typist. She found an apartment, owned and operated by Stanley and Helen Roper, which she shared with two other women, Janet Wood and Eleanor Garvey.

text: In the pilot, a pregnant Eleanor got married in a reception in the apartment, but went into labor just as she was cutting the cake. After Eleanor had her baby and moved away, Janet and Chrissy were left needing a new roommate to help with living expenses. On the morning after a going-away party the girls threw for Eleanor, they find a man in their bathtub who had passed out and, after waking up, claimed that he was a friend of one of the party crashers. The girls suggested that the man, Jack Tripper, move in as their new roommate instead of other, less desirable candidates (one of them being a pompous, nasal-voiced woman named Patricia, nicknamed "Pattikins").

text: Concept and creation[edit]

text: Chrissy's personality was an exaggerated characterization of the "dumb blonde" stereotype, as evidenced by her repeated confusion and misunderstandings, malapropisms, and girlish behavior. Chrissy is depicted as being quick to laugh at her own jokes, and quick to cry in an exaggerated, whining fashion (as a young child would do). Chrissy's behavior was reflected somewhat by her cousin, and eventual replacement, Cindy Snow, although Cindy was more klutzy, and less dim.

text: Chrissy is modeled as an ingenue, a minister's daughter who seeks her fortune in the big city. As the naif, she frequently and unknowingly makes suggestive double entendres and is often oblivious to the attention she receives from ill-intentioned men. Her roommate Janet remarked that Chrissy totally fell apart at the littlest hint of "sweet talk." In one episode, Chrissy was picked up by a police officer who assumed she was a prostitute, despite her innocence and good intentions.

text: Regarding the character's look, for season three the makeup artist said that Chrissy should have snow-white hair, pink cheeks and dark eyes, and Somers suggested the hairstyle of an Afghan hound, and her signature side ponytail was created to hide an over-bleaching mishap.[1]

text: Departure[edit]

text: Somers had emerged as a breakout character in the show. In 1978, she appeared on 50 magazine covers. Also, best-selling Chrissy Snow posters were produced and ABC even launched a doll which portrayed Somers as Chrissy. Somers was promoted as a rival to Farrah Fawcett by her manager, Jay Bernstein, who also managed Fawcett and other actresses of the day, such as Cheryl Ladd. After marrying former game show host Alan Hamel (whom Somers met for the first time while modeling prizes on a game show he hosted), Somers made him her manager. Somers was eventually axed from the series in the fifth season after a bitter and highly publicized salary dispute with the producers. On the series, her character of Chrissy was written out as having moved back home to Fresno to care for her ill mother. However, for a brief time (and to finish Somers' contract), Chrissy continued to appear briefly on the show in the episode's closing tag wherein she would call Janet or Jack from home and speak to one of them over the telephone, and more often than not Jack or Janet would fill Chrissy in on what happened on that episode. A couple episodes after Chrissy left, her cousin Cindy moved into the apartment with Jack and Janet for the remainder of the season. Upon the arrival of Terri Alden in season six; references to Chrissy vanished, only to be referred to once when the trio was being interviewed and Chrissy was mentioned as "the other girl" with whom Janet was living when she met Jack. From what is implied, especially by the time of Terri's arrival, Chrissy simply decided to stay home in Fresno and never kept in contact with her old roommates again.

text: Near the end of the series, Hamel tried unsuccessfully to convince the producers to have Somers return in her role of Chrissy for the series finale and becoming Jack's love interest (as opposed, apparently, to the character of Vicky).

text: Cindy Snow[edit]

text: Cindy Snow was portrayed by Jenilee Harrison during the show's fifth and sixth seasons (1980–82). The cousin of the character Chrissy Snow, Cindy was phased out to make way for Chrissy's permanent replacement Terri Alden. Ironically, Priscilla Barnes, who landed the role of Terri, had auditioned for the role of Cindy, but was turned down.

text: Cindy hails from Fresno, the daughter of Mr. Snow (Alan Manson), niece of Reverend Luther Snow and first cousin of Chrissy Snow. Raised on a farm, she grew to have a great love of animals, and enjoyed helping her father and mother out on the farm. Although Cindy is a very pretty girl, she claims she always "played second fiddle to Chrissy, because she was so beautiful." She was raised to enjoy the Snows' many wonderful traditions, such as going to church on Sundays to hear Reverend Snow preach, and being together for lavish, old-fashioned Christmas celebrations.

text: One day when Cindy was a young woman, Mrs. Snow found her daughter's diary and read it from start to finish, and subsequently fell asleep! She said it was the most boring thing she had ever read and told Cindy that it would be a good idea if she did more with her life and got out of Fresno. When Chrissy went back to Fresno to care for her mother, Cindy took the opportunity to move out and into the apartment, taking Chrissy's place as the third member of the trio.

text: Cindy debuted on the show in 1980 after producers needed a replacement for Chrissy after Suzanne Somers was fired over her salary dispute.

text: At first, Jack Tripper and Janet Wood, Chrissy's roommates, worried about what it would be like to live with the klutzy farm girl, but they soon adjusted and became close friends with Cindy. When Chrissy declines to return (and Somers' contract expired), Cindy's temporary stay became permanent. She also takes Chrissy's old office job, working for Mr. Charles Hadley.

text: Although she shares some of her cousin Chrissy's dim-witted and naive attitude, Cindy's trademark was that she was highly clumsy and accident-prone, often bumping into things or spilling things (with Jack more often than not bearing the brunt).

text: Departure[edit]

text: In the season-six premiere, "Jack Bares All", Cindy announced that she was moving out of the apartment to attend UCLA. Her replacement would be Terri Alden, a nurse. Producers of the show were seeking a permanent third roommate and were not confident with Jenilee Harrison in that role. Cindy did, however, continue to make appearances on the show during the sixth season, and was retained as a supporting character (and given cast billing credit). She has many pivotal appearances through midseason, and becomes the trio's part-time housekeeper in the episode "Maid to Order", but still hung out with the trio.

text: Her last appearance is in the episode "Janet Wigs Out" near the end of season six. Cindy and Janet have a falling out when Janet buys a blonde wig and develops a condescending attitude toward her friends. When Janet wants to keep her wig a secret from her date, Cindy tries to prevent herself from revealing the truth.

text: Terri Alden[edit]

text: Terri Alden was portrayed by Priscilla Barnes.

text: Terri was born in Longmeadow, Massachusetts,[2] works as a registered nurse, and is portrayed as far less "ditzy" than her predecessors.[3][4] She is written into the story as being Janet and Jack's new (and final) roommate.[5]

text: Although Jack originally disliked Terri, owing to a disastrous first meeting at the hospital when she administered a tetanus injection for a stubbed finger into his behind, he forgave her and warmed up to her eventually. Terri, in fact, convinced Jack to move in with Victoria Bradford, thus paving the way for the spinoff series Three's a Crowd.

text: In response to complaints about the characterization of blondes on the show, the writers portrayed Terri as a "smart blonde", and a "woman with brains", electing to steer away from the ditziness of Chrissy Snow and the clumsiness of Cindy Snow, Terri's blonde roommate predecessors. A dedicated professional at work, Terri is more relaxed when off duty and out of uniform.[6]

text: Stanley Roper[edit]

text: Stanley Roper was portrayed by Norman Fell.

text: Stanley owns and manages the apartment building in Santa Monica that is home to Jack Tripper, Janet Wood and Chrissy Snow. He has a love-hate relationship with his wife, Helen. Although they care deeply for each other, Helen and Stanley regularly bicker and engage in one-upmanship, with Helen usually the intellectual victor. A significant amount of their tension is due to Helen's ongoing desire for romance with Stanley, while Stanley is either clueless or uninterested. During the character's time on the series, he was known for breaking the fourth wall by smiling and snickering at the camera after telling a one-liner joke, often at his wife's expense. One of his catchphrases is "Not tonight, Helen; I got a headache." Although seemingly impotent, Stanley is sometimes known for spying on young women in bathing suits on the beach through his binoculars.

text: Stanley is generally friendly toward the trio, but can be very angry if the rent is late. He is also not above exploiting his tenants' fear of raised rents to get chores and favors done. He is told that Jack is homosexual to bypass any objections he might have to a man living with two women. He does not appear to dislike Jack or homosexuals in general, but he does keep his distance whenever Jack gets "too close" to him and sees Jack's supposed homosexuality as a source of amusement and makes several jokes at his expense, often calling Jack "Tinkerbell".

text: Stanley is extremely cheap (as revealed in the episode "Stanley's Hotline", in which the trio calls him "the cheapest man alive" and very much penny wise, pound foolish). Stanley drives a run-down 1958 Chevrolet Bel Air, which he attempted to sell to the trio, but reneged when he learned he could get a lot more money for it from another buyer (who thought it was the classic and far more valuable 1957 model). After the intended buyer learned it was actually a 1958 model, he added insult to injury by offering to tow it away if Stanley paid him $25.

text: After Stanley sold the building to Bart Furley, Bart's brother Ralph took over as landlord.

text: The Ropers[edit]

text: In the Three's Company spinoff series The Ropers, Stanley and Helen move to Cheviot Hills, California and live next door to snobby real estate agent Jeffrey P. Brookes III (who eventually sells them their house).

text: Stanley intensely disliked Jeffrey, and the feeling is mutual. When Stanley and Helen were investigating buying the house, Jeffrey's son David explained to Stanley that if his father did not like Stanley and Helen, he would never let them move in. When Jeffrey arrived for the showing, Stanley began telling a false story that the house was perfect for his "drums" and "wild parties." Very quickly, Stanley and Helen were thrown out of the building by Jeffrey, but with much prompting from Helen, soon came back to get another look at it. Jeffrey then posted a phony "sold" sign in front of the house to deter them. Stanley concealed his joy, but for Helen's sake he feigned sadness, saying, "I would buy it in an instant if it wasn't sold!" David reveals that the house was not sold and Stanley is stuck with buying it.

text: Helen Roper[edit]

text: Helen Roper was portrayed by Audra Lindley and appeared on both Three's Company and The Ropers.

text: The character was based on the character Mildred Roper on the series Man About the House and its spinoff George & Mildred (the British shows on which Three's Company and The Ropers were respectively based), which was played by Yootha Joyce.

text: Helen always yearns for romance and sex with her uninterested husband, Stanley, and he almost never delivers, which frustrates her.

text: Helen enjoys a friendship with the three tenants who live above her, to whom she affectionately refers as "the kids". Helen, unlike her husband, knows that Jack is not gay, but out of fondness for the trio, plays along with the charade. Contrary to her tightfisted and very suspicious husband, Helen does not mind that Jack lives with Janet and Chrissy, and is very understanding of their situation. She frequently tries to defuse tense situations between her husband and the trio.

text: Eventually, Stanley and she move to Cheviot Hills, an affluent neighborhood of Los Angeles, where her natural snobbishness asserts itself, often aided and abetted by her sister, Ethel Armbruster, who clearly despises Stanley.

text: Despite her attempts at adopting the behavior of her more affluent neighbors, she still retains her kindness. She befriends Anne Brookes, the wife of Jeffrey Brookes III, a real estate agent who lives next door, and enjoys the company of their son, David.

text: Return appearance on Three's Company[edit]

text: Helen and Stanley returned to the trio's apartment in a special guest appearance. Helen was frustrated with Stanley because he forgot their anniversary. She went downstairs to Ralph Furley's apartment to get some sleep (Mr. Furley was out of town at the time). A very tired Mr. Furley returned home early and went straight to bed, unaware that he was not alone. Soon, Mr. Roper came in the bedroom and said, "Helen, if this (a supposed affair with Mr. Furley) is what you want, so be it." Helen was upset and still angry. "Aren't you gonna fight for me?" she asked Stanley. Later, Stanley came back and started fighting for Helen against Mr. Furley, which made Helen happy. Soon, the two went to sleep in Mr. Furley's bed, which could have been the answer to Helen's wishes.

text: Ralph Furley[edit]

text: Ralph Furley was portrayed by Don Knotts.

text: Ralph Furley is the landlord and manager of a Santa Monica apartment building that is now owned by his brother, Bart, who acquired it from Stanley Roper. It is the home to Jack Tripper, Larry Dallas, Janet Wood, and Chrissy Snow (later to Cindy Snow, then Terri Alden). Mr. Furley fancies himself a playboy, a "ladies' man" and a "macho man", despite the fact he has not had a date in years and not appealing to women at all.

text: Mr. Furley is very subservient and seems to fear his brother Bart. Like Stanley Roper before him, he was also tricked into believing that Jack was gay for him to continue living with Janet and Chrissy (in fact, Mr. Roper was the one who told Mr. Furley about this when he sold the building). Because of his own playboy lifestyle, Mr. Furley probably would have approved of the situation himself; but he knew his brother Bart would never tolerate a straight man living with two women. Also, like Mr. Roper before him, Mr. Furley liked to occasionally crack gay jokes about Jack at his expense (calling Jack "Tippy Toes" as opposed to Mr. Roper's "Tinkerbell").

text: Mr. Furley often wears outlandish leisure suits in very loud colors with ascots, and has his apartment decorated like a playboy's pad. Usually, his shirts are very brightly colored. For his role of Mr. Furley, Knotts donned a toupee. Although Mr. Furley's brother Bart is frequently mentioned by him, the character only appears in one episode, played by Hamilton Camp. Mr. Furley defends his decisions as apartment manager by stating that his brother Bart, being the owner of the building, would (or would not) also approve of a decision. Many of the characteristics and mannerisms of Mr. Furley are comparable to Knotts' most famous character, Barney Fife from The Andy Griffith Show.

text: Larry Dallas[edit]

text: Larry Dallas was portrayed by Richard Kline.

text: The character is based on Larry Simmonds from Man About the House. He lives upstairs from the trio, and is Jack's best friend. He is also a womanizing playboy who often lies about his occupation to impress girls, claiming to be "Playboy's best photographer," a doctor, an airline pilot, etc.; his actual profession is a used car salesman. He habitually uses false names, including Jack's, when picking up women for one-night stands so that he might better forestall any attempts by such women to pursue a relationship, although the tactic backfired in "Will the Real Jack Tripper..." when a woman whom Larry impregnated was able to locate him because Jack's address and phone number were in the phone book (Larry's initial reaction was disgust at Jack for being "dumb" enough to allow such information to be available to the public). Larry is also constantly in debt, often owing Jack money. In one episode, when being questioned by his landlord Mr. Roper, Larry claimed to have served four years in the United States Marine Corps. Larry is of Greek descent, though this fact and his original last name are mentioned only in the episode where Jack opens Jack's Bistro, in which Larry explains that he shortened it to "Dallas" because he "could never spell 'Dalliapoulos' ".

text: Larry has the distinction of being the only other character besides Jack Tripper to appear on Three's Company and both of its spin-offs, The Ropers and Three's a Crowd. When appearing on Three's a Crowd near the end of its single season, he states that he had moved to Bakersfield due to downturns in the used car business.

text: Lana Shields[edit]

text: Lana Shields was portrayed by Ann Wedgeworth.

text: Lana Shields is a bosomy, amorous, three-time older divorcee who had an unrequited crush on Jack. She is constantly flirting with Jack and tries to seduce him every time she is in his presence, while Jack, though, tries his best to avoid Lana at all costs, especially around new landlord Ralph Furley. Unlike Jack, though, Mr. Furley is attracted to Lana and regularly tries to "put the moves on her," but she dislikes him, which he never comes to realize.

text: Lana's first appearance was in the episode "Love Thy Neighbor" from season four, in which Jack takes a job as a male escort, which is how he first meets Lana, to make some quick cash. He soon learns that Lana wants to do much more with him than just have a casual dinner out on the town.

text: In the next episode "The New Landlord" (which introduces Mr. Furley), the trio accidentally sells all of Mr. Furley's furniture to a junk dealer, thinking it was furniture Mr. Roper left behind and not realizing it belongs to their new landlord (who has not met anyone in the building yet). Mr. Furley becomes angry and gives the trio an eviction notice, but upon meeting Lana, he immediately becomes smitten. Mr. Furley and the trio then make a deal: Mr. Furley gets a date with Lana, and the trio will not have to move.

text: Though she does not like Mr. Furley, Lana does seduce him on several occasions, to use him to get what she wants. For example, in one episode, she uses this tactic to convince Mr. Furley to accept the trio's rent money a few days late. In the episode "A-Camping We Will Go", Lana tricks Mr. Furley into going on a camping trip so she can be near Jack, who was talked into going by Larry Dallas, for the weekend. However, not long after this now-legendary episode, Lana disappears from the show without explanation. Her final appearance was in the episode "A Black Letter Day". In the episode, Lana reads a newspaper advice column about a man living with two female roommates and the man is having an affair with one of them, and she assumes the column was about the trio.

text: Character disappearance[edit]

text: According to the book Come and Knock on Our Door: A Hers and Hers and His Guide to Three's Company, the addition of Lana to the cast caused tension between John Ritter and the show's writers. Ritter believed it would be out of character for the sex-crazed Jack to inexplicably turn down the advances of a sexually voracious, attractive older woman. The writers reasoned that because Lana was older than Jack, he would be turned off. Ritter did not believe that the middle-aged Lana, only meant to be in her 40s (whereas Jack was in his late 20s/early 30s), would repel Jack. Ann Wedgeworth, in the same book, claimed that she asked to be released from her contract because of Lana's dwindling role in the show.


document_title: Balrog

question_text: who does gandalf fight in the fellowship of the ring

root

text: Balrog

text: History[edit]

text:
According to The Silmarillion, the evil Vala Melkor corrupted lesser Maiar (angelic beings) to his service in the days of his splendor before the making of Arda.[3][4]
These became known as "Demons of Might":  Valaraukar in Quenya, and Belryg[citation needed] in Sindarin; Balrogs is an Anglicised plural of singular Balrog.

tag: p

text: Upon the awakening of the Elves, the Valar captured Melkor and destroyed his fortresses Utumno and Angband.  But they overlooked the deepest pits,[5] where, with many of Melkor's other allies, the Balrogs fled into hiding.  When Melkor returned to Middle-earth from Valinor, now bearing the epithet Morgoth, he was attacked by Ungoliant, a spider-like creature; his piercing scream drew the Balrogs out of hiding to his rescue.

text: When the Noldor arrived in Beleriand in pursuit of Morgoth, they won a swift victory over his Orcs in the Dagor-nuin-Giliath.  Fëanor pressed on towards Angband, but the Balrogs came against him, and Fëanor was mortally wounded by Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs.  Fëanor's sons fought off the Balrogs, but Fëanor died of his wounds shortly afterward.[6]

text: In The Lays of Beleriand, The Lay of Leithian mentions Balrog captains leading Orcs: "the Orcs went forth to rape and war, and Balrog captains marched before".[7]

text: Tolkien tells of two Balrogs slain by Elves in the fall of Gondolin.[8] During the assault on the city, Ecthelion of the Fountain fought Gothmog, and "each slew the other." Glorfindel fought a Balrog who waylaid an escape party from the fallen city; both fell from the mountainside in the struggle and perished.

text: In the War of Wrath that ended the First Age, most of the Balrogs were destroyed, although some including the Balrog known as Durin's Bane, managed to escape and hide in "caverns at the roots of the earth".[9]

text: In The Fellowship of the Ring, the Fellowship ventured through Moria and were attacked in the Chamber of Mazarbul by Orcs and the Balrog.[10] Gandalf faced the Balrog at the Bridge of Khazad-dûm and broke the Bridge, but was dragged down by the Balrog. He slew the Balrog but perished himself at the same time—to be sent back as the more powerful Gandalf the White.

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Tolkien's conception of Balrogs changed over time.  In all his early writing, they are numerous. A host of a thousand of them is mentioned in the Quenta Silmarillion,[11] while at the storming of Gondolin Balrogs in the hundreds ride on the backs of the Dragons.[12] They are roughly of twice[13] human size,[14] and were occasionally killed in battle by Elves and Men.[15]  They were fierce demons, associated with fire, armed with fiery whips of many thongs and claws like steel, and Morgoth delighted in using them to torture his captives.[16] They were loyal to Morgoth, and once came out of hiding to save him from capture.

text: In the published version of The Lord of the Rings, however, Balrogs became altogether more sinister and more powerful. Christopher Tolkien notes the difference, saying that in earlier versions they were "less terrible and certainly more destructible". He quotes a very late margin note[17] that was not incorporated into the text saying "at most seven" ever existed;[18] though in the Annals of Aman, written as late as 1958, after the publication of The Lord of the Rings, Melkor still commands "a host of Balrogs".[19] In later writings they ceased to be creatures, but are instead Maiar, lesser Ainur like Gandalf or Sauron, spirits of fire whom Melkor had corrupted before the creation of the World.[3]  Power of the order of Gandalf's was necessary to destroy them,[20] and as Maiar, only their physical forms could be destroyed.

text: Tolkien says of the Valar (including the Maiar) that they can change their shape at will, and move unclad in the raiment of the world, meaning invisible and without form.[21] But it seems that Morgoth, Sauron, and their associated Maiar could lose this ability: Morgoth, for example, was unable to heal his burns from the Silmarils or wounds from Fingolfin and Thorondor;[22] and Sauron lost his ability to assume a fair-seeming form after his physical body was destroyed in the downfall of Númenor.[23]

text: Tolkien does not address this specifically for Balrogs though at least in his later conception they are Maiar.  In "the Bridge of Khazad-dûm" in The Fellowship of the Ring, the Balrog appears "like a great shadow, in the middle of which was a dark form, of man-shape maybe, yet greater".  Though previously the Balrog had entered the "large square chamber" of Mazarbul, at the Bridge of Khazad-dûm it "drew itself to a great height, and its wings spread from wall to wall" in what was a vast hall.

text: The Balrog's size and shape, therefore, are not given precisely. When Gandalf threw it from the peak of Zirakzigil, the Balrog "broke the mountain-side where he smote it in his ruin".[24]

text: Whether Balrogs have wings (and if so, whether they can fly) is unclear. This is due partly to Tolkien's changing conception of Balrogs, but mostly to his imprecise but suggestive and possibly figurative description of the Balrog that confronted Gandalf in Moria.[10]

text: The three key quotations:

text: His enemy halted again, facing him, and the shadow about it reached out like two vast wings.

text: … suddenly it drew itself up to a great height, and its wings were spread from wall to wall …

text: With a terrible cry the Balrog fell forward, and its shadow plunged down and vanished.

text: The argument hinges on whether the "wings" are physical wings or simply figurative wings of shadow. Many additional facts are adduced to the argument, but there is not enough firm description in Tolkien's writing to settle the matter definitively.[25][26]

text: The Balrog of Moria used a flaming sword ("From out of the shadow a red sword leapt flaming") and a many-thonged whip that "whined and cracked" in its battle with Gandalf. In The Silmarillion, they also used black axes and maces.[27] Earlier writings also speak of steel claws and iron mail.[28]

text: In earlier drafts of The Lord of the Rings, some further indications of Tolkien's evolving conceptions appear. Notably,

text: A figure strode to the fissure, no more than man-high yet terror seemed to go before it. They could see the furnace-fire of its eyes from afar; its arms were very long; it had a red [?tongue].[29]

text: At this writing Tolkien contemplated an edict of the Valar concerning Balrogs, having Gandalf challenge the Balrog by saying:

text: It is forbidden for any Balrog to come beneath the sky since Fionwe son of Manwe overthrew Thangorodrim.[30]

text: Name[edit]

text: The name "Balrog", but not the meaning, emerges early in Tolkien's work: it appears in the Fall of Gondolin, one of the earliest texts Tolkien wrote (ca. 1918). An early list of names described Balrog as "an Orc-word with no pure equivalent in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya: 'borrowed Malaroko-' ".[31]

text: In Gnomish (another of Tolkien's invented languages) Balrog is parsed as balc 'cruel' + graug 'demon', with a Quenya equivalent Malkarauke. Variant forms of the latter include Nalkarauke and Valkarauke.[32]

text: By the 1940s, when Tolkien began writing The Lord of the Rings, he had come to think of Balrog as Noldorin balch 'cruel' + rhaug 'demon', with a Quenya equivalent Malarauko (from nwalya- 'to torture' + rauko 'demon').[33]

text: The last etymology, appearing in the invented languages Quendi and Eldar, derives Balrog as the Sindarin translation of the Quenya form Valarauko (Demon of Might). This etymology was published in The Silmarillion.[34]

text: The Sindarin plural for Balrog is not known. Tolkien consistently used Balrogs, but this is generally considered an anglicization because Sindarin does not form plurals that way. In one case Tolkien used Balrogath,[35] similar to Periannath 'Halflings' and Dagorath 'battles'. However, the -ath suffix was often used as a 'class plural' (cf. giliath 'all stars of the firmament'), and thus Balrogath might mean 'Balrogkind' rather than simply 'Balrogs'. Linguists disagree about how a simple Sindarin plural would be formed. The historically justified form would likely be *Balroeg. This takes into account the fact that the older singular would have been *Balraug (compare the Quenya cognate Valarauko): The Sindarin umlaut product of au is known to be oe. If analogy prevailed in later Sindarin, the plural form *Belryg might however have replaced the historically justified plural. Compare, for instance, annon "gate" having the plural form ennyn.

text: The plural of Quenya Valarauko (also Valarauka) is attested as Valaraukar.[34]

text: Gandalf on the bridge of Khazad-dûm calls the Balrog "flame of Udûn" (Udûn being the Sindarin name of Morgoth's fortress Utumno).

text: An etymon existing before Tolkien's languages (of which he surely would have known): the Norse 'bál' means 'fire,' and an epithet of Odin, likely referring to his warlike nature, was 'Báleygr,' or 'fire-eyed.'[citation needed]

text: Individual Balrogs[edit]

text: Gothmog[edit]

text: Gothmog appears in various versions of Silmarillion material. He is physically massive and strong, and in one version he is some 12 feet tall.[37] He wields a black axe and whip of flame as his weapons.

text: He holds the titles of the Lord of the Balrogs (but see Lungorthin below), the High Captain of Angband, and Marshal of the Hosts.

text: In the Second Battle, Dagor-nuin-Giliath, he leads a force that ambushes Fëanor and wounds him mortally. He leads Balrogs, Orc-hosts, and Dragons as Morgoth's commander in the field in the Fifth Battle, Nírnaeth Arnoediad, and slays Fingon, High King of the Noldor. In that same battle, he captures Húrin of Dor-lómin, who had slain his personal guard of Battle-trolls, and brings him to Angband. As Marshal of the Hosts, he is in command of the Storming of Gondolin. He is about to kill Tuor when Ecthelion of the Fountain, a Noldorin Elf-lord, intervenes. Gothmog fights Ecthelion in single combat, and they kill each other.

text: In The Book of Lost Tales, Tolkien describes Kosomot, the original version of Gothmog, as a son of Morgoth and the ogress Fluithuin or Ulbandi.[38]

text: Gothmog is Sindarin and means 'Dread Oppressor'.[39]

text: Kosomot is often considered Gothmog's Quenya name;[40]  however, in the Quenya name-list of The Fall of Gondolin another version appears, Kosomoko.[41]

text: In The Lord of the Rings, a different character bears the name "Gothmog"; see Gothmog (Third Age).

text: Lungorthin[edit]

text: Lungorthin appears in Tolkien's early Lay of the Children of Húrin as "Lungorthin, Lord of Balrogs". This might be another name for Gothmog (above), though Christopher Tolkien thought it more likely that Lungorthin was simply "a Balrog lord".[42]

text: Durin's Bane[edit]

text: This Balrog appears in The Lord of the Rings, encountered by the Fellowship of the Ring in the Mines of Moria.

text: It survived the defeat of Morgoth in the War of Wrath and escaped to hide beneath the Misty Mountains.[43] For more than five millennia, the Balrog remained in its deep hiding place at the roots of Caradhras,[44] one of the Mountains of Moria, until in the Third Age, the mithril-miners of the Dwarf-kingdom of Khazad-dûm disturbed it (or released it from its prison) in T.A. 1980. The Balrog promptly killed Durin VI, the King of Khazad-dûm, whereafter it was called Durin's Bane by the Dwarves.[43][45]

text: The Dwarves attempted to fight the Balrog, but its power was far too great. In their efforts to hold Khazad-dûm against it, many Dwarves were killed: Durin's successor King Náin only a year after his father. The survivors were forced to flee. This disaster also reached the Silvan Elves of Lórien, many of whom also fled the "Nameless Terror"[43] (it was not recognized as a Balrog at the time). The Elves called the place Moria, the "Black Pit"[46] or "Black Chasm"[47] (though the name Moria also appears on the West Gate of Moria, constructed thousands of years earlier in the Second Age).

text: For another 500 years, Moria was left to the Balrog; though according to Unfinished Tales, Orcs crept in almost immediately after the Dwarves were driven out, leading to Nimrodel's flight.[48]  Around T.A. 2480, Sauron began to put his plans for war into effect, and he sent Orcs and Trolls to the Misty Mountains to bar all of the passes:[45] Some of these creatures came to Moria, and the Balrog allowed them to remain.

text: During the reign of Thráin II, the Dwarves attempted to retake Moria in the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, culminating in the Battle of Azanulbizar before the eastern gate of Moria, in T.A. 2799. This was a victory for the Dwarves, but the presence of the Balrog prevented them from reoccupying Moria. Dáin Ironfoot, having slain the Orc Azog near the gate, perceived the terror of the Balrog within[43] and warned Thráin that Moria was unachievable until some force could change the world and remove the Balrog. The Dwarves thus departed and resumed their exile. In T.A. 2989, despite Dáin's warning, Balin made another attempt to retake Moria.[45] Though his party was initially successful in starting a colony, they were massacred a few years later.

text: In 'January' T.A. 3019, the Fellowship of the Ring travelled through Moria on the way to Mount Doom. They were attacked in the Chamber of Mazarbul by Orcs.[10] The Fellowship fled through a side door, but when the wizard Gandalf the Grey tried to place a "shutting spell" on the door to block the pursuit behind them, the Balrog entered the chamber on the other side and cast a "terrible" counterspell. Gandalf spoke a word of Command to stay the door, but the door shattered and the chamber collapsed. Gandalf was severely weakened by this encounter. The company fled with him, but the Orcs and the Balrog, taking a different route, caught up with them at the bridge of Khazad-dûm. The Elf Legolas instantly recognized the Balrog and Gandalf tried to hold the bridge against it. As Gandalf faced the Balrog, he proclaimed, "You cannot pass, flame of Udûn!", and broke the bridge beneath the Balrog. As it fell, the Balrog wrapped its whip about Gandalf's knees, dragging him to the brink. As the Fellowship looked on in horror, Gandalf cried "Fly, you fools!" and plunged into the darkness below.

text: After a long fall, the two crashed into a deep subterranean lake, which extinguished the flames of the Balrog's body; however it remained "a thing of slime, stronger than a strangling snake". They fought in the water, with the Balrog clutching at Gandalf to strangle him, and Gandalf hewing the Balrog with his sword, until finally the Balrog fled into ancient tunnels of unknown origin. Gandalf pursued the creature for eight days, until they climbed to the peak of Zirakzigil, where the Balrog was forced to turn and fight once again, its body erupting into new flame. Here they fought for two days and nights. In the end, the Balrog was defeated and cast down, breaking the mountainside where it fell "in ruin".[24] Gandalf himself died shortly afterwards, but he was later sent back to Middle-earth with even greater powers, as Gandalf the White, "until his task was finished".

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: As there are no known dimensions for a Balrog, there are differing representations in the various film adaptations, some of which are capable of flight.

text: The Balrog in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated version is about 10 feet tall, and has the mixed features of a boar and a lion, complete with mane. It has large wings like those of a bat, walks upright, and is capable of flight.

tag: ul

text: Peter Jackson's film adaptations of The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers, released in 2001 and 2002 respectively, ultimately decided on a very large, horned and winged monster that resembled lava covered with a dark crust. During the fight with Gandalf, however, the Balrog could not (or at least did not) fly. Jackson's films used the design of Tolkien illustrator John Howe, which had previously appeared in licensed merchandise. Howe explained the presence of wings in the tie-in book The Art of the Fellowship of the Ring: "It doesn't say they don't have wings, so why not? That was Peter's tongue-in-cheek approach, too!" Concept art was drawn up for a "slime Balrog", but it was not used in the film for budgetary reasons.[citation needed]

text:
Balrogs also appear in computer and video games based on The Lord of the Rings.
In the real-time strategy game The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth, and its sequel, both based on Jackson's movies, the Balrog can use its wings, although only in short leaps. In the role-playing game The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age, also based on the Jackson movies, the Balrog uses its wings to fly into the air, and comes crashing down, sending a tremendously damaging shockwave of flames at the player. In another game based on Jackson's movies, The Lord of the Rings: Conquest, the Balrog is a playable hero.[49][50]
Durin's Bane appears as a boss in Lego The Lord the Rings, which serves as a humorous adaptation of the Peter Jackson films.
Durin's Bane appears in Lego Dimensions. The Balrog confronts Gandalf on the rocky bridge in the Mines of Moria and they both fall when Gandalf destroys the bridge. Though Gandalf is saved by Batman who was looking for Robin at the time. In the "Riddle-earth" level, the Balrog accompanies Riddler into attacking Minas Tirith.

text:
Balrogs also appear in games unconnected to the New Line franchise.
The Minions of Sauron may summon Balrogs in the real-time strategy game The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring.
In The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar, the player can fight Thaurlach, a Balrog invented for the MMORPG. Due to Thaurlach's imprisonment over several thousands of years, it is no longer nearly as powerful as a normal Balrog, and players are capable of defeating it with the help of an ancient elf.
Durin's Bane also makes an appearance in The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria in a flashback mission, where it is shown to be far more powerful than any of the other enemies in the game.  In this mission, players have no choice but to flee from it.
In a late update to The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood, the player can actually combat Durin's Bane, as part of a dream sequence in which the player and his/her allies take the place of Gandalf, chasing him up the Endless Stair to Zirakzigil.
Durin's Bane, though not named as such, also has a model in the table-top strategy game Lord of the Rings created by Games Workshop. The model reflects the movie adaptation of the Balrog.
A Balrog named Tar Goroth is featured in Middle-earth: Shadow of War, serving as a major villain that the player must defeat. The model for Tar Goroth greatly reflects the movie adaptaion of the Balrog.


document_title: Judge Rinder

question_text: who pays the money awarded in judge rinder

text: Judge Rinder

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Judge Rinder

Genre
Court show

Presented by
Robert Rinder

Starring
Michelle Hassan

Voices of
Charles Foster

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
6[1]

No. of episodes
407[1]

Production

Location(s)
The Studios, MediaCityUK, Salford, Greater Manchester

Running time
45 minutes (60 minutes including adverts)

Production company(s)
ITV Studios

Release

Original network
ITV

Picture format
1080i 16:9 (HDTV)

Original release
11 August 2014 (2014-08-11) – present

Chronology

Related shows
Judge Judy
Judge Rinder's Crime Stories

text: Judge Rinder is a British court show that is aired mainly on weekdays on ITV since it started on 11 August 2014. It centres on criminal barrister Robert Rinder as the judge, who oversees a variety of civil cases, such as disputes over basic consumer issues, business/personal/neighbourhood disputes, and allegations of negligence.

text: Like other court shows, Judge Rinder acts as an arbitrator in a form of binding arbitration, not as an actual judge.[2] In 2014 Rinder, who is a barrister at 2 Hare Court Chambers in London, told Legal Cheek that he was "adamant that we had to make it clear to viewers that I am in fact a practising criminal barrister and not a civil law judge." Participants are paid by the production company, which also pays out any damages awarded as a game-show prize, rather than taking them from the loser (hence, both sides emerge financially better off than they would from using a real court). Rinder claims that unlike other TV arbitrators such as Judge Judy who make judgements based on emotion, he makes his purely in accordance with real UK law, and hence the show is educational about real legal principles.

text: Show structure[edit]

text: The hearings are conducted in a studio mock-up of a small claims courtroom. However, real UK courts do not feature flags or gavels. The robes worn by Rinder are regular barristers' robes, minus wig, and resemble judicial robes worn by Deputy High Court judges. Part time judges in the Crown Court (called Recorders) also wear the same robes with wig. In reality, most small claim trials in England and Wales are conducted in District Judges' Chambers, with the parties seated throughout and no robes being worn at all.

text: The show shares the same format as other television court shows, such as Judge Judy and Judge Mathis.[3] When filmed, each case takes around an hour or so to film and is thus subsequently edited down so that multiple cases (usually two or three) can be fitted into the given timeslot.

text: The claimant and defendant enter the courtroom separately, while announcer Charles Foster announces their names (unlike Judge Judy, where full names are used, they are only identified by first names), along with details of the case, and take their places at their respective benches: the claimant on the left, and the defendant on the right, from Judge Rinder's viewpoint; for the audience, it is vice versa. Rinder then asks the claimant and defendant to confirm their names, and the case proceeds.

text: Rinder does not allow misconduct or disrespect in the courtroom, often firmly reprimanding litigants with what has become the show's virtual catchphrase, "Talking!" He allows the litigants three chances — or "strikes", as he calls them. If a litigant interrupts or acts out three times in the courtroom, they are escorted out by the court usher, a tall, well-built man named Ian, and the case continues in their absence.

text: The bailiff of the show is Michelle Hassan, who passes items of evidence (photographs, receipts, copies of text messages etc.) between the litigants and Judge Rinder during proceedings, which can be displayed on a large video screen in the courtroom (with certain identifying information electronically blurred) when required. Michelle also brings a box of tissues or a glass of water to any litigant who should become distressed during the case, as well as escorting any additional witnesses into the courtroom, who give their evidence standing in a dock on the same side of the room where she stands, and out of the courtroom again afterwards.


document_title: Ralph Breaks the Internet

question_text: who did jane lynch play in wreck it ralph

text: Ralph Breaks the Internet

text: Premise[edit]

text: Six years after the events of the first film,[3] the story centers on Wreck-It Ralph's adventures in the Internet data space when a Wi-Fi router gets plugged into the arcade by Mr. Litwak, as he must find a replacement for the broken steering wheel[4] of Sugar Rush. Along the way, Ralph and his best friend Vanellope von Schweetz encounter new customs, worlds, and characters, such as trendy algorithms and the Disney Princess lineup with The Muppets, Star Wars, Disney Animation, Marvel Comics and Pixar characters.[5]

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
John C. Reilly as Wreck-It Ralph, a gigantic but soft-hearted man who is the villain of the fictional arcade game Fix-It Felix Jr.[6]
Sarah Silverman as Vanellope von Schweetz, a racer/glitch in Sugar Rush who turned out to be its lost princess.[7]
Jack McBrayer as Fix-It Felix Jr., a repairman who is the hero of Fix-It Felix Jr., as well as the husband of Sergeant Calhoun.[8]
Jane Lynch as Sergeant Tamora Jean Calhoun, the lead character of Hero's Duty and Fix-It Felix Jr.'s wife.[8]
Taraji P. Henson as Yesss, an algorithm that determines the trending videos on BuzzTube.[9][10]
Alan Tudyk as KnowsMore, a search engine. Tudyk previously voiced King Candy in Wreck-It Ralph.[10][11]
Gal Gadot as Shank, a racer in Slaughter Race.[12]
James Corden[8]
Ana Ortiz[13]
Susan Lucci as Susan[14]
Bill Hader as JP Spamly.[15]
Hamish Blake as Pyro[16]

text: All of the Disney Princesses appear,[17][18] including: Jennifer Hale as Cinderella,[19] Kate Higgins as Aurora,[19] Jodi Benson as Ariel, Paige O'Hara as Belle, Linda Larkin as Jasmine, Irene Bedard as Pocahontas, Ming-Na Wen as Mulan, Anika Noni Rose as Tiana, Mandy Moore as Rapunzel, Kelly Macdonald as Merida, Kristen Bell as Anna, Idina Menzel as Elsa and Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana, all of whom reprise their roles from the films and other media,[19] while screenwriter Pamela Ribon will voice Snow White.[17][18][20][21][22]

text: Popular culture cameos and references[edit]

text: Similar to the first film, which included a number of cameos and references to video games, Ralph Breaks the Internet has additional features to Internet culture and to various Disney properties, including their own films, Pixar films, the Star Wars franchise, Marvel Comics, and The Muppets. Eeyore, C-3PO, R2-D2, Yoda, First Order Stormtroopers, and Iron Man will appear in the film as well.[23][24]

text: Production[edit]

text: In October 2012, director Rich Moore said that he and Disney had ideas about a sequel that would bring the characters up to date and explore online gaming and console gaming.[25] Moore stated that many of the crew and voice cast were open to the sequel, believing that they have "barely scratched the surface" of the video game world they envisioned. He also stated that he planned to include Mario and Tron in the sequel.[26][27] In 2014, the film's composer Henry Jackman said that a story for the sequel was being written.[28] In July 2015, John C. Reilly said he had signed on to reprise his role of Ralph in a projected sequel.[6]

text: On March 24, 2016, Moore stated that a sequel was still being planned. Moore specifically stated that a sequel would include an appearance from Mario, citing a "good relationship with Nintendo".[29] On June 30, 2016, Walt Disney Animation Studios announced that the sequel would be released on March 9, 2018, with Reilly, Moore and writer Phil Johnston attached, and that it would focus on "Ralph leaving the arcade and wrecking the Internet".[30] On December 2016, Alan Tudyk confirmed his return in the sequel.[10][31]

text: The sequel's title was officially announced in March 2017 as Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2. Further, Disney had confirmed that Reilly, Jane Lynch, Jack McBrayer, and Sarah Silverman are set to reprise their roles, while Moore returns as director joined by the first film's co-writer, Phil Johnston, in his directing debut in an animated film and Clark Spencer returns as producer.[32] In July 2018, Disney shortened the film's title to simply Ralph Breaks the Internet.[33] In August 2018, actress Gal Gadot joined the film.[34]

text: Release[edit]

text: On June 30, 2016, Walt Disney Animation Studios initially announced that the sequel, titled Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2, would be released on March 9, 2018.[30] However, in April 2017, A Wrinkle in Time took over its date, and the film was pushed back.[35] In July 2018, Disney shortened the film's title to simply Ralph Breaks the Internet.[33] The film will be released on November 21, 2018 in 3D, 2D and IMAX 3D.[36]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A new poster for the film was released on February 26, 2018. Two days later, a teaser trailer for the film was released on February 28, 2018, and it quickly became viral, getting more than 4.5 million views in 24 hours.[37] A second trailer was released on June 4, 2018 with the Daft Punk song "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger".[24] A sneak peek of the film was released on August 10, 2018.[38]


document_title: Kevin (Probably) Saves the World

question_text: who is dr sloan in kevin saves the world

text: Kevin (Probably) Saves the World

text: Premise[edit]

text: Kevin, a down-on-his-luck man who survived a suicide attempt, moves in with his twin sister Amy, an engineer and professor at the local college, and Amy's teenage daughter Reese. Shortly after, he discovers a celestial being named Yvette; Yvette claims that God has tasked Kevin with saving the world, and sent Yvette to guide and protect him. Only Kevin can see and hear Yvette, so his conversations appear to be hallucinations to those around him. The series also explores a mystery, as there are supposed to be 36 righteous souls in each generation, but for unknown reasons, Kevin is the only one left.[3]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Jason Ritter as Kevin Finn
JoAnna Garcia as Amy Cabrera (née Finn)
Kimberly Hebert Gregory as Yvette
India de Beaufort as Kristin Allen
J. August Richards as Sheriff Deputy Nathan Purcell
Chloe East as Reese Cabrera
Dustin Ybarra as Tyler Medina

text: Recurring/Guest[edit]

text:
Barbara Eve Harris as Colonel O'Donnell
Michael Harney as Karl Gilmore
Sam Huntington as Jake Gilmore
Lesley Boone as Lucille
Emma Bell as Deb
Christian Ochoa as Ben
Lauren Blumenfeld as Ava
Richard Masur as Dr. Sloane
Kate Flannery as Anne
Will Sasso as Dave
Brandon Quinn as Ignacio "Iggy" DePerro
Anjali Bhimani as Susan Allen

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Pilot"
Paul McGuigan
Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
4.17[4]

After getting fired from his Wall Street job and surviving a suicide attempt, Kevin Finn returns to his hometown to live with his sister Amy, a widowed mom, and her teenage daughter Reese. While Amy is away at a work assignment, a meteor crashes to earth near her home. Kevin and Reese investigate, and when Kevin touches the meteorite, he is hurtled backward. He begins having strange visions, including a mysterious woman named Yvette that only Kevin can see. Yvette calls herself one of God's messengers, tasked with locating the 36 righteous souls of this generation, of which Kevin is the only one known to be left.

2
"Listen Up"
Kevin Dowling
Craig DiGregorio & Jack Kenny
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
3.61[5]

Yvette tells Kevin that not even she knows what happened to the other 35 righteous ones, and that they'll have to let the universe guide them. While helping the son of a brewery pub owner find his true path, Kevin reconnects with his ex-girlfriend Kristin and the two sleep together. They ponder getting back together, but both remember how badly Kevin treated Kristin in the past and decide it's not a good idea. Kevin has a vision of an island surrounded by ocean.

3
"Sweet Little Lies"
Peter Leto
Chris Dingess & Davah Avena
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
3.26[6]

Kevin tries to intervene as a wedding planner for Deb, whose former childhood friend proposed to her when she got cancer. But now that Deb is healthy, she reveals to Kevin that she does not want to get married. Kevin has a vision of a mariachi band. Yvette meets with Ava, a celestial messenger like herself. Ava says she will gather all the other messengers to meet about finding the rest of the righteous, but come meeting time, they are the only two to show up. Ava then says that she too is giving up.

4
"How to be Good"
J. Miller Tobin
Teleplay by: Brant Englestein
Story by: Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2.87[7]

Kevin helps Lucille, Tyler's rude boss at the diner, and gets dragged into a feud between Lucille and her estranged sister, Anne. Kevin later has a vision of being in an Asian marketplace. Reese confronts Kevin about the strange things she's observed, and asks if the meteorite gave him superpowers.

5
"Brutal Acts of Kindness"
Rob Hardy
Craig DiGregorio
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2.71[8]

After Yvette convinces him to withdraw his entire $30,000 severance pay and give it away, Kevin helps a woman who cannot afford her son's diabetes medication. He later has a vision of being chased by a tiger through a jungle. Amy finds Reese's journal and sees that Kevin caused Reese to be thrown in jail. She angrily tells Kevin to pack up and move out.

6
"Rocky Road"
Wendey Stanzler
Jack Kenny
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2.91[9]

Kevin begins looking for places to stay, hitting up Tyler, Kristin and Nathan. He also helps a man who lost his job 18 months ago look for work, learning that the man never told his wife and has now exhausted their life savings. Angry at her mom, Reese skips school and runs away to an abandoned factory. Kevin and Amy arrive to talk her down, but Reese slips from her perch and falls. Yvette suspends Reese in mid air for a couple of seconds, allowing Kevin to get underneath and catch her. A dumbfounded Amy observes, and starts seeing Kevin the way Reese has seen him. Kevin gets a printout of all his previous visions, plus a new one of mountaintops in the clouds.

7
"Dave"
Ron Underwood
Chris Dingess
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2.62[10]

Kevin and Yvette are joined by Dave (Will Sasso), another celestial messenger, who helps them on Kevin's next assignment. The assignment turns out to be helping Kristin's cancer-stricken mother Susan (Anjali Bhimani) find some joy while living out her last days. Kevin later sees a vision of a flaming gazebo. Meanwhile, Amy wants to use science to figure out what she witnessed when Reese fell, and soon meets Iggy (Brandon Quinn), a theology professor who tries to convince her that it's okay for some things to remain unexplained. Also, Nathan tells Reese he wants to ask Amy out on a date, but Reese will not give him permission.

8
"Chrysalis"
Metin Hüseyin
Kevin Deiboldt
December 5, 2017 (2017-12-05)
2.62[11]

Kevin sees a vision of blue butterflies, and follows one to an art class held by Ethan (Enoch King). Kevin offers to help Ethan get over his fear of rejection by taking him to an art show, later realizing this will conflict with Reese's school play. Dave appears and reveals himself to Ethan, offering to take him to the art showing so Kevin can be with his family. At the same time, Yvette meets with Ava, who tells her that Dave has turned all the celestial messengers against her. Kevin angrily confronts Yvette about being able to reveal herself to other people, and asks what else she's hidden from him. Yvette admits she does not know if the other 35 righteous really exist, and is operating on faith alone. Kevin chooses to work with Dave, which backfires when Ethan gets scared and backs out of the show. Kevin returns to Yvette while making things right with Ethan by setting up a surprise showing of Ethan's paintings. Ethan offers a painting of a blue butterfly to Kevin as a thank you, also telling Kevin about a trip he took that inspired it. Kevin now knows where the next righteous soul will be found. Elsewhere, Kristin helps Amy prepare for her first date with Iggy, but later notices that Amy will not tell Nathan about the date.

9
"Probably"
Tamra Davis
Michele Fazekas & Tara Butters
December 12, 2017 (2017-12-12)
2.49[12]

Kevin travels to Laos, taking Tyler along. The two are befriended by Vong (David Huynh), whom Kevin and Yvette briefly think is the next righteous but he's not. Kevin sees another of his visions and wants to press on, but Yvette now has doubts and thinks Dave may have been right. Yvette appears as human and is approached by Tyler, who finds her fascinating. The two dance to a mariachi band (another of Kevin's earlier visions), which renews Yvette's faith. Kevin and Tyler, with help from Lucille on video chat, then help Vong's wife deliver their first child, and it turns out the baby is the next righteous soul. Back at home, Reese tells Amy that Nathan wanted to ask her out. Amy meets Nathan the next day and tells him about Iggy, but says she now knows she wasn't yet ready to date and is glad she realized this with someone she doesn't truly care about. Nathan later does something special for Amy.

10
"The Ugly Sleep"[13]
J. Miller Tobin
Davah Avena
January 2, 2018 (2018-01-02)
TBD

11
"Solo"[14]
TBA
TBA
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
TBD

12
"Caught White-Handed"[14]
TBA
TBA
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was originally called The Gospel of Kevin, but the name was changed since the show was not "overtly religious".[15]

text: The series was picked up for a 16-episode full season on November 10, 2017.[16]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Cristela Alonzo, who played a lead role as the heaven-sent entity in the original pilot, was replaced by Kimberly Hebert Gregory after the series was picked up.[17]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Pilot"
October 3, 2017
1.0/4
4.17[4]
N/A
2.17
N/A
6.33[18]

2
"Listen Up"
October 10, 2017
0.8/3
3.61[5]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

3
"Sweet Little Lies"
October 17, 2017
0.8/3
3.26[6]
TBD
1.75
TBD
5.01[19]

4
"How to be Good"
October 24, 2017
0.7/3
2.87[7]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

5
"Brutal Acts of Kindness"
October 31, 2017
0.6/2
2.71[8]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

6
"Rocky Road"
November 7, 2017
0.7/3
2.91[9]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

7
"Dave"
November 14, 2017
0.7/3
2.62[10]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

8
"Chrysalis"
December 5, 2017
0.6/2
2.62[11]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

9
"Probably"
December 12, 2017
0.6/2
2.49[12]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

10
"The Ugly Sleep"
January 2, 2018
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

11
"Solo"
January 9, 2018
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

12
"Caught White-Handed"
January 16, 2018
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 6.73/10 based on 22 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Breezily entertaining, Kevin (Probably) Saves the World relies on its likable lead to carry its still-sketchy premise, hinting at deeper potential that's yet to develop."[20] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 59 out of 100 based on 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[21]


document_title: Queen of the Damned

question_text: who is singing in queen of the damned

question_tokens: who is singing in queen of the damned

text: Queen of the Damned

text: Plot[edit]

text: The vampire Lestat is awakened from decades of slumber by the sound of a heavy metal band and proceeds to take over as their lead singer. Achieving international success, Lestat, having revealed the existence of vampires, taunts the others of his kind during an interview for promoting his first and only live concert.

text: Jesse Reeves, a researcher for the paranormal studies group Talamasca, is intrigued by Lestat's lyrics after hearing one of his songs play on TV and tells the rest of the group her theory that he really is a vampire. Her mentor, David Talbot, takes her aside and tells her they know what he is and that a vampire called Marius made him. David also shows her Lestat's journal that he recovered and gives it to Jesse for her to read. In the journal, Lestat recalls how he was turned into a vampire by Marius and how he awoke Akasha, the first vampire, with his music. Unsatisfied with what she read, Jesse tracks Lestat down to a London vampire club called The Admiral's Arms, where he saves her from three vampires and confronts her about Marius.

text: In Los Angeles, Lestat is visited by Marius, who warns him that the other vampires will not tolerate his flamboyant public profile. Marius also reveals that Akasha has awaken due to Lestat's new music and begs him to cancel his concert, which he refuses. Meanwhile, Akasha, who is searching for Lestat, arrives at The Admiral's Arms. After the vampires reveal their plan to kill Lestat at his concert, Akasha torches the club and kills all the vampires inside. Jesse arrives at Los Angeles and gives Lestat his journal back. She then asks him to show her what being a vampire is like. Lestat scoffs at the idea, but Jesse convinces him to spend his last moments before the concert with her. The two spend some time together and Jesse later asks Lestat to turn her, telling him she wants to be with him and that she wants to know everything he does. Lestat angrily refuses, showing her what it's like for a vampire to feed on a human, then leaves.

text: While performing at his concert in Death Valley, a group of vampires attack Lestat. With Marius' help, they both fend off most of the vampires until Akasha bursts through the stage and takes Lestat with her. Akasha brings Lestat to her new home, where the two vampires mutually feed on one another, during which time Lestat becomes spellbound by Akasha and is forced to obey her, and Akasha proclaims Lestat her new king. After the concert, Jesse is taken to the home of her aunt, Maharet, who later reveals herself to be one of the Ancient Vampires. Knowing Akasha's plan to take over the world, the Ancient Vampires discuss their plans to destroy the Queen by drinking from her and draining her of her blood. However, they believe that whoever drinks the Queen's last drop will not survive.

text: Empowered by Akasha's blood, Lestat and the Queen confront the Ancient Vampires. When they refuse to join her, Akasha then commands Lestat to kill Jesse, as The Queen sees her both as an enemy, due to being Maharet's descendant, and as food, with Akasha making an example out of her for those who dare disobey her command. Lestat ostensibly obeys, but after drinking Jesse's blood, comes to his senses and is released from Akasha's power. He angrily requests for his "crown" and Akasha openly gives him her arm to feed on. Lestat then turns on her and begins to drain Akasha's blood. With the help of the Ancients, Akasha's power diminishes. Maharet is the last to drink Akasha's blood, killing Akasha. Lestat goes to Jesse and, cradling her in his arms, gives her his blood as Maharet turns into a marble statue and "sleeps", becoming the new Queen of the Damned.

text: Lestat and Jesse, who is now a vampire, visits David and return Lestat's journal. When asked by David what it is like, Jesse jokingly offers to turn him into a vampire and bids David goodbye. The film closes with Lestat and Jesse walking hand in hand, among mortals, into the night.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Aaliyah as Akasha
Stuart Townsend as Lestat de Lioncourt
Marguerite Moreau as Jesse Reeves

Richael Tanner as young Jesse

Vincent Perez as Marius de Romanus
Paul McGann as David Talbot
Lena Olin as Maharet
Christian Manon as Mael
Claudia Black as Pandora
Bruce Spence as Khayman
Matthew Newton as Armand
Tiriel Mora as Roger
Megan Dorman as Maudy
Johnathan Devoy as James
Robert Farnham as Alex
Conrad Standish as T.C.
Andrew L. Urban as Himself
Jonathan Davis as Ticket scalper
Nathan Hill as Attacking Vampire

text: Development[edit]

text: Warner Bros. had acquired the film rights to several of Anne Rice's novels—the first three Vampire Chronicles and The Mayfair Witches trilogy[2]—after a 1988 takeover of Lorimar Productions. An eventual adaptation of Interview with the Vampire (directed by Neil Jordan and produced by David Geffen) was released in 1994, although not without controversy, particularly over fan reaction to the casting of Tom Cruise as Lestat, an objection initially shared by Anne Rice, which she recanted after seeing the finished film.

text: After the commercial and critical success of Interview, Neil Jordan began initial development of the novel's sequel, The Vampire Lestat, although this went nowhere.

text: As the rights to the novels would revert to Anne Rice at the end of 2000, initial story meetings to adapt one or both of the remaining Vampire Chronicles began in 1998. The decision was made early to substantially rewrite the plot, and to base most of the movie on the third book: The Vampire Lestat was considered too broad and episodic for a two-hour feature film, although the novel's setup of Lestat's awakening and career as a rock star was used. It was also decided to focus on Lestat as the primary character, and the back story of Akasha and the Story of the Twins were omitted, despite these being virtually central to the plot of the novel.[3]

text: Displeased with the lack of progress, and more particularly with the studio's lack of consultation with her over the script development, author Anne Rice wrote a critical reply to a fan's question about the film in 1998:[4]

text: "The key factor is that the entire vampire contract terminates in the year 2000. All the properties revert to me at that time, unless production commences—principal photography that is—before then. I don't think it is possible for Warner Bros. to develop anything in that amount of time."

text: "They have not been receptive to me or to my ideas at all."

text: "Not very long ago, less than a year ago in fact, I begged the executives there to let me write a script for THE VAMPIRE LESTAT for union scale (the Writers Guild won't let you write it for free) and a deferred payment not due until release of the picture. They simply weren't interested. It was very painful for me, as I had been talking to a new director they'd hired and we were both excited about the idea.

text: "I felt snubbed and hurt and have not bothered to approach them since. The young director is supposed to be developing THE QUEEN OF THE DAMNED which I think is a bad idea, and basically a doomed project.

text: During 1999, the script was developed by TV screenwriter Scott Abbott and Australian writer/director Michael Petroni. Another Australian, Michael Rymer, was confirmed to direct. Rymer suggested the film be shot in his home city of Melbourne, which would save considerably on production costs.

text: The first actor cast was R&B singer Aaliyah (who had made her film and acting debut in Romeo Must Die) as Akasha, the eponymous Queen of the Damned. Jenna Dewan and Foxy Brown were rumored to have been considered for the role of Akasha in addition to Aaliyah. The search for an actor to play Lestat took much longer—the idea of Tom Cruise reprising the role was considered but dismissed—although front runners included Wes Bentley, Josh Hartnett and Heath Ledger. Irish actor Stuart Townsend assumed the role in 2000, and the final cast included Vincent Perez as Marius, Paul McGann as David Talbot, Lena Olin as Maharet and Marguerite Moreau as Jesse Reeves. Australian actors included Claudia Black as Pandora and Matthew Newton as Armand.

text: Production[edit]

text: With a large cast of international and Australian actors, Queen of the Damned began principal photography on October 2, 2000, in a former biscuit factory, converted into a studio in the Melbourne suburb of St. Albans. Location filming took place around the city of Melbourne, although some filming was done in Los Angeles. For the scenes of Lestat's concert in Death Valley, over 3000 goths were recruited from Melbourne nightclubs and on the internet, then driven on a fleet of buses to a quarry in Werribee to act as extras.

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: The songs for Lestat's band were written and performed by Jonathan Davis, of the band Korn, and Richard Gibbs, although Davis's contractual commitments to Sony BMG meant that his vocals could not appear on the soundtrack album. Instead, the vocals were re-recorded by other musicians for the soundtrack release: Wayne Static of Static-X ("Not Meant for Me"), David Draiman of Disturbed ("Forsaken"), Chester Bennington of Linkin Park ("System"), Marilyn Manson ("Redeemer"), and Jay Gordon of Orgy ("Slept So Long"). During the end credits "Not Meant For Me" is played. It is Jonathan Davis' version although the credits credit it as the Wayne Static version from the album.

text: Davis also made a small cameo in the film; when Jesse arrives in Los Angeles, a scalper (Jonathan Davis) attempts to sell her tickets to Lestat’s show.

text: The soundtrack also contains other songs featured in the film: "Body Crumbles" by Dry Cell, "Cold" by Static-X, "Dead Cell" by Papa Roach, "Excess" by Tricky, "Headstrong" by Earshot, "Penetrate" by Godhead, "Down With the Sickness" by Disturbed, "Change (In the House of Flies)" by Deftones and "Before I'm Dead" by Kidneythieves.

text: The score for the film was also composed by Gibbs and Davis. Both the metal soundtrack and score were released as albums in 2002.

text: Frank Fitzpatrick and Rich Dickerson were the Music Supervisors for the film and the soundtrack album.[5]

text: The original studio recording of "Careless" was written and produced by Davis and Gibbs, during the Queen of the Damned sessions, all vocals by Davis, keyboards by Gibbs, guitars by Munky, Head, and Davis, and drums by Vinnie Colaiuta.

text: Release[edit]

text: Author's reaction[edit]

text: By July 2001, author Anne Rice had mellowed her previous stance on the film, much as she had with Interview. When asked about the film's progress, she answered:[6]

text: "Everything I hear about the movie is good. Warner Bros. is extremely enthusiastic. They are working very hard to make it perfect. I have no real news. Let me repeat what I mentioned in a recent message. I met Stuart Townsend, the young man who is playing Lestat and he was absolutely charming. He had Lestat's excellent speaking voice and his feline grace. I cannot wait to see him in the film."

text: By late 2001, Rice had seen the completed film and was sufficiently satisfied to allow her name to be used on promotional material,[7] although she later became disillusioned about it and dismissed the film in 2003, stating that a television series format would be more suited to her work.[8]

text: On her Facebook page, any time the subject is brought up, she repeatedly comments that the Queen of the Damned film is not something she can understand or embrace, that she encouraged them not to make the film, and that it hurt her to see her work "mutilated" the way it was.[9]

text: Public and critical reaction[edit]

text: Queen of the Damned was released on February 22, 2002 in the United States and Canada.

text: The film received negative reviews from film critics, with several reviewers such as Roger Ebert describing it as "goofy" or "damned". The film has an approval "rotten" rating of 17% at Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus calling the film "A muddled and campy MTV-styled vampire movie with lots of eye candy and bad accents."[10] Despite negative reviews, Queen of the Damned nonetheless topped the box office in the weeks following its release.[11][12][13] The film grossed $45.5 million on a $35 million budget.[1]

text: Allan Menzies[edit]

text: In December 2002, Allan Menzies from West Lothian in Scotland murdered one of his friends. He claimed in court that it was Aaliyah's character "Queen Akasha" from the film that told him to do it.[14]


document_title: Majority leader

question_text: who appoints the majority leader in the house of representatives

text: Majority leader

text: The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In U.S. politics, the majority floor leader is a partisan position in a legislative body.[1]

text: In the federal Congress, the role of the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and the Majority Leader of the United States Senate differ slightly. In the United States Senate, the majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party,[1] as the president of the Senate is also the Vice-President of the United States, and the President pro tempore, though technically a substitute for the president of the Senate, is in reality a largely ceremonial position (albeit powerful nonetheless, being third in line of succession to the presidency).

text: In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen.

text: Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system, the majority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat.

text: The majority leader is often assisted in his role by whips, whose job is to enforce party discipline on votes deemed to be crucial by the party leadership and to ensure that members do not vote in a way not approved of by the party. Some votes are deemed to be so crucial as to lead to punitive measures (such as demotion from choice committee assignments) if the party line is violated; decisions such as these are often made by the majority leader in conjunction with other senior party leaders.

text: In the various states, the majority leader of a state legislative chamber usually performs a similar role to the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives. The state senate president pro tempores are typically not ceremonial, but instead are more akin to the Majority Leader of the United States Senate.