document_title: The Loud House

question_text: who is the voice of the dad on loud house

text: The Loud House

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the fictional town of Royal Woods, Michigan, Lincoln Loud is the only boy and middle child in a family of eleven children. He has ten sisters with distinctive personalities: bossy eldest child Lori; ditzy fashionista Leni; musician Luna; comedian Luan; athletic Lynn; gloomy goth Lucy; polar-opposite twins Lana and Lola; child genius Lisa, and baby Lily. Lincoln occasionally breaks the fourth wall to explain to viewers the chaotic conditions and sibling relationships of the household, and continually devises plans to make his life in the house better.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonSegmentsEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired15226May 2, 2016 (2016-05-02)November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08)24926November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)3TBA26[7]January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)TBA

text: Listen Out Loud[edit]

text: Nickelodeon and its YouTube channel have done a series of podcasts called Listen Out Loud where each member of the Loud family does a podcast revolving around their topics.

text:
Meet the Loud Family – The Loud siblings start their very first podcast, but they can't come up with a topic about it.
Luna Loud – Luna and her roadie, Chunk, give us a virtual tour of Luna's home music studio (which is actually her and Luan's bedroom), where Luna talks about her musical instruments and her inspirations, but some of her instruments keep disturbing Mr. Grouse.
Lola Loud – Lola does her podcast called "The Lowdown with Lola", where she starts dishing out the latest Loud family gossip, much to the dismay of her siblings.
Leni Loud – With help from Lincoln as her producer, Leni gives us a virtual tour of the Royal Woods Mall, where she shows her favorite stores and the different shopkeepers that she knows.
Luan Loud – Luan teaches her listeners the basics of playing pranks on anyone. She demonstrates a few on some of her siblings, much to their annoyance. But little does Luan know that she might get pranked right back.
Lori Loud – With Bobby on her phone helping out from his current location, he and Lori talk about how they first met and eventually started dating. However, they over-romanticize the details on their first date, so Luan and Lynn Jr. chime in and tell them what really happened, and how they had spied on them during the date to make sure that Bobby was good for Lori.
Lincoln Loud – Lincoln and Clyde give a virtual tour of their treehouse. When their hammock goes missing, Lincoln and Clyde become Ace Savvy and One-Eyed Jack to find out who stole it.
Lynn Loud – Lynn Jr. leads the viewers in her own at-home workout, arguing that gym memberships are expensive and mentioning how some gyms tend to ban people for bringing spicy submarine sandwiches into the sauna. Unfortunately, during every single part of the workout, Lynn causes chaos in the house, which annoys her family.
Lana Loud – Lana teaches the viewers how to handle and take care of vehicles. She uses the family van, Vanzilla, as an example. Lana gets some more help from her faithful frog Hops, her parents (Lynn Sr. and Rita), and two of her older sisters: Lori and Leni.

tag: ol

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Lincoln Loud (voiced by Sean Ryan Fox in the pilot, Grant Palmer in S01E1A-S01E22B,[8] Collin Dean in episodes S01E23A-onward, Tex Hammond in Listen Out Loud) – He is the 11-year-old sixth and middle child, also the only son of the Loud family, who has white hair and a chipped front tooth. Lincoln has a passion for comic books (especially for his favorite superhero Ace Savvy) and is often shown reading them while wearing only his underwear as well as other talents like cooking and helping Lola in preparing for her pageants. He breaks the fourth wall on a regular basis by speaking to the audience about the chaotic conditions and sibling relationships of his household when he always spend times with his sisters and always survives with them.
Lori Loud (voiced by Catherine Taber)[9] – She is the 17-year-old eldest child of the Loud family and Leni's roommate. Lori is depicted as a bossy, short-tempered, sarcastic, and cynical teenager who is condescending towards her younger siblings. Despite this, she cares deeply about her family. Lori is usually seen talking to her boyfriend Bobby or one of her friends on her smartphone and uses the word "literally" frequently. As the only Loud child with a driver's license, she uses to her advantage by forcing her siblings to make many things for her in exchange for being transported somewhere. In some episodes, Lori is shown to have a flatulence problem that she refuses to admit by stating that it was either her shoes, the creaking floorboards or the car seat making the noise. Unfortunately, her siblings never fall for it.
Leni Loud (voiced by Liliana Mumy)[10] – She is the 16-year-old second child of the Loud family, and also Lori's roommate, who is almost always seen wearing sunglasses on top of her head. Leni is depicted as a beautiful, ditzy blonde who shows talents in fashion designing, lock-picking, and wood-carving on occasion. She often goes shopping at the mall. She has a fear of spiders that is referenced in multiple episodes, most notably "Along Came a Sister". As Lori's roommate, Leni would tend to borrow some of Lori's clothes without asking, which leads to them occasionally fighting over them. Along with Luna, she has the best relationship with Lincoln of his older sisters. In "Shop Girl," Leni gets a job at Reiningers after helping out its different shoppers during a sale.
Luna Loud (voiced by Nika Futterman)[11] – She is the 15-year-old third child of the Loud family and Luan's roommate. Luna has a habit of speaking in a mock British accent. She is a wild and upbeat musician who owns various instruments, with her signature one being a purple Dean ML electric guitar. She very closely follows the words of her idol Mick Swagger and always encourages her family to "stay cool". In the episode "For Bros About to Rock", it is revealed that Luna has ruined all of her siblings' first concerts. In "L is for Love", she is seen sending a love letter to her female friend Sam Sharp.
Luan Loud (voiced by Cristina Pucelli)[8] – She is the 14-year-old fourth child and comedian of the Loud family and Luna's roommate. Most of her dialogue consists of bad puns, much to the annoyance of her siblings. She wears her hair in a ponytail and has buck teeth with braces, giving her a squirrel-like appearance. Every April Fools' Day, Luan becomes a prank-obsessed maniac which leaves her family and Clyde in complete fear of the holiday as they try to avoid her pranks. In addition to comedian works and pranks, Luan is an expert clown, mime artist, juggler, and ventriloquist where she owns a ventriloquist dummy named Mr. Coconuts.
Lynn Loud, Jr. (voiced by Jessica DiCicco)[8] – She is the 13-year-old fifth child and athlete of the Loud family, and also Lucy's roommate, who is named after her father. She tends to start competitions among her siblings and plays a large number of sports, like baseball, basketball, football, and soccer. Lynn Jr. is very superstitious where she doesn't want anything to ruin her winning streaks and makes various assumptions to each superstition. In some episodes, Lynn Jr. is sometimes called "L.J." by herself, her father, and Luna.
Lucy Loud (voiced by Jessica DiCicco)[8] – She is the 8-year-old seventh child of the Loud family and Lynn Jr.'s roommate. Lucy is a gothic girl with interests in poetry, séances, vampires, and gothic fiction as well as owning some pet bats. She has pale white skin and long black hair with bangs that cover her eyes. Lucy also has an uncanny ability to teleport which often frightens her siblings when she pops up near them.
Lana Loud (voiced by Grey Griffin)[8] – She is the 6-year-old eighth child of the Loud family[12] and the older twin sister of her roommate Lola. Lana is a tomboy who loves to play in mud and get her hands dirty which often annoys Lola. She is a skilled handyworker who loves animals (mostly frogs and reptiles). In "Ties That Bind," it is revealed that Lana was born two minutes before Lola.
Lola Loud (voiced by Grey Griffin)[8] – She is the 6-year-old ninth child of the Loud family and the younger twin sister of her roommate Lana. Lola is a bratty "Princess" who is skilled at plotting and scheming to get her way. She becomes maniacal if her siblings anger her in any way. Lola is mostly seen wearing a pink dress that conceals her legs, pink gloves, pink heels (as revealed in "Roughing It"), and a tiara on her head. She is constantly entered in child beauty pageants and is the tattletale of the group. Notably, she is the only Loud child to call her father "Daddy" and her mother "Mommy." In "Read Aloud," it is revealed that she doesn't know how to read, though at the end of the episode she starts learning how.
Lisa Loud (voiced by Lara Jill Miller)[13] – She is the 4-year-old 10th child of the Loud family and Lily's roommate. She is a child prodigy who has a PhD and yet is still in kindergarten. Lisa enjoys solving complex equations and math problems and performing elaborate experiments where she would often using her siblings and Clyde as test subjects. She wears round glasses, speaks with a lateral lisp, and laughs maniacally when performing experiments. A running gag is that some of Lisa's beakers filled with compound mixtures tend to explode. Lisa often uses formal and detailed terms to refer to basic things before saying it in a simpler way. In "Friend or Faux?," she is revealed to have very few social skills, though she manages to make a friend in Darcy Helmandollar throughout the episode. In "No Place Like Homeschool," Lisa is revealed to have a problem with the arts.
Lily Loud (voiced by Grey Griffin)[8] – Lily is the 15-month-old baby of the Loud family, as well as the 11th child and Lisa's roommate. She is mostly seen wearing only a diaper. Lincoln shares a special connection with Lily and babysits her on several occasions. She has a habit of losing her diaper causing her to go naked and also causing her fellow siblings to put her diaper back on. The only phrase Lily says aside from gibberish is "poo-poo", generally coupled with her diaper flying across the screen or needing a diaper change. Lily is also shown to be a fast-learner as seen when she uses certain technologies.
Clyde McBride (voiced by Caleel Harris in seasons 1–3,[8] Andre Robinson in season 3–onward) – He is a nerdy 11-year-old boy who is the best friend of Lincoln and the adoptive son of Howard and Harold. Clyde owns a walkie-talkie that he uses on missions with Lincoln. Clyde shares many interests with Lincoln such as video games and science fiction movies. He has an unrequited crush on Lori and tends to faint when she talks to him. When Lincoln cosplays as Ace Savvy, Clyde dresses as Ace's sidekick One-Eyed Jack. Early in the show's development when the Loud family was originally composed of anthropomorphic rabbits, Clyde was a beaver named Danny.[14] It is revealed in "Absent Minded" that he got perfect attendance and became a junior administrator in the process along with his school principal, Wilbur T. Huggins.

tag: ul

text: Supporting[edit]

text:
Lynn Loud, Sr. (voiced by Brian Stepanek) – He is the father of the Loud children. His whole face is unseen until "11 Louds a Leapin'." Lynn Sr. often breaks up fights between his children before it goes too far. In addition, Lynn Sr. does all the cooking in the family as he dreams of being a chef and open his own restaurant someday. In "Along Came a Sister", it is revealed that he has a fear of spiders like Leni. In "Anti-Social," it is revealed that he has a band called the Clang with Kotaro.
Rita Loud (voiced by Jill Talley) – She is the mother of the Loud children, the daughter of Albert, and the niece of Ruth. Her face is also unseen until "11 Louds a Leapin'." Rita is caring towards her children, but she is not afraid to punish them if their fighting goes too far. Rita is shown to be more level-headed than Lynn Sr. In "A Novel Idea", Rita works as a dental assistant for Dr. Feinstein and is writing a novel that could lead to a different career path. As revealed in "Cover Girls" and "L is for Love," it is revealed that she met Lynn Sr. when she was working as a crossing guard.
Howard and Harold McBride (voiced by Michael McDonald and Wayne Brady)[15] – Clyde's overprotective fathers who care deeply about their son's well-being. They shower Clyde with attention and rarely let him do anything unsupervised. Howard tends to get overemotional while watching his son grow up and is rather neurotic. Harold is a skilled chef who acts more calm and collected. In "Attention Deficit," it was revealed that Howard was part of a band in college while Harold played baseball in college. The McBrides, who are also an interracial couple, are the first same sex couple to be featured in a Nickelodeon program.
Roberto Alejandro Martinez-Millan Luis "Bobby" Santiago Jr. (voiced by Carlos PenaVega) – A Mexican-American 17-year-old boy who is Lori's boyfriend and older brother of Ronnie Anne. Bobby is often nicknamed "Boo Boo Bear" by Lori. He does various odd jobs like grocery store stockboy, lifeguard, mall security guard, pizza delivery man, department store worker, tour guide, and corn dog salesman. Although he and his family moved away to live with the Casagrande family in Great Lakes City in "The Loudest Mission: Relative Chaos," Bobby and Lori managed to find a way to make their love relationship work.
Ronalda "Ronnie" Anne Santiago (voiced by Breanna Yde) – The 11-year-old sister of Bobby who is Lincoln's former classmate and love interest. She is very tough and enjoys skateboarding, playing video games, and pranks. Although she and her family moved away to live with the Casagrande family in Great Lakes City in "The Loudest Mission: Relative Chaos," Ronnie still tends to contact Lincoln through the laptop and mail him her pranks at her old house.
Mr. Grouse (voiced by John DiMaggio) – The bald-headed and grumpy neighbor of the Loud family. In "11 Louds a Leapin'", it is revealed that Mr. Grouse tends to confiscate any items of the Loud siblings that end up on his property. Also, it is revealed that Mr. Grouse has an extended family that he can barely pay a visit to due to financial difficulties. In most episodes, it is shown that Mr. Grouse can be bribed with certain foods like Lynn Sr.'s lasagna in exchange for favors.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Agnes Johnson (voiced by Susanne Blakeslee) – Lincoln and Clyde's teacher at Royal Woods Elementary School.
Albert "Pop Pop" (voiced by Fred Willard) – Rita's father, Ruth's brother, and the kids' grandfather who is a former army soldier. He has a good relationship with his daughter and is very close to Lincoln.
Chester "Chunk" Monk (voiced by John DiMaggio) – A burly British man who is Luna's roadie. In "Roadie to Nowhere", Chunk's real name is revealed and was revealed to have been a musical alumnus at Royal Woods High School. In the same episode, it is revealed that he has his own band and a flat that he lives in when he isn't doing events that don't require him sleeping in his van.
Flip (voiced by John DiMaggio) – The elderly, cheap, and smug owner of "Flip's Food N' Fuel". He also works as a vendor when not at his gas station. In "Net Gains," it is revealed that Flip is a sponsor of the Turkey Jerkies, has unpaid citations in his car, and was recognized by some prison inmates on the prison's basketball court when he drove by implying that he was in prison once.
Girl Jordan (voiced by Catherine Taber) – A female student who is a classmate of Lincoln.
Liam (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) – One of Lincoln's friends who has a Southern accent and lives on a farm. He enjoys loud music exclaiming that he wants the music "turned up to eleven".
Maria Casagrande-Santiago (voiced by Sumalee Montano) – The mother of Bobby and Ronnie Anne. She works as a nurse.
Mick Swagger (voiced by Jeff Bennett) – Luna's musical idol. He is an obvious parody of Mick Jagger.
Rusty Spokes (voiced by Wyatt Griswold) – The talkative member of Papa Wheelie's bicycle gang who is one of Lincoln's schoolmates. In "Back in Black", it is revealed that Rusty has a brother named Rocky, who has a crush on Lucy. In "Pasture Bedtime," it is revealed that Rusty is allergic to hot sauce.
Scoots (voiced by Grey Griffin) – An old woman on an elderly scooter who is one of Albert's friends.
Zach Gurdle (voiced by Jessica DiCicco) – A bespectacled red-haired boy who is one of Lincoln's friends and schoolmates. According to Lincoln in "Overnight Success", Zach lives "between a freeway and a circus".
The Casagrande Family – Bobby, Ronnie Anne, and Maria's extended family who live outside Michigan in Great Lakes City.
Rosa Casagrande (voiced by Sonia Manzano) – The mother of Maria and Carlos and the grandmother of Bobby, Ronnie Anne, Carlinos, Carlitos, Carlotta, and C.J. Rosa is the cook in the family and has various potions and ways of healing.
Hector Casagrande (voiced by Ruben Garfias) – The father of Maria and Carlos and the grandfather of Bobby, Ronnie Anne, Carlinos, Carlitos, Carlotta, and C.J. He is the proprietor of the bodega that the Casagrande family has next to their apartment.
Carlos Casagrande (voiced by Carlos Alazraqui) – The son of Rosa and Hector, brother of Maria, husband of Frida, the father of Carlinos, Carlitos, Carlotta, and C.J., and the uncle of Bobby and Ronnie Anne. He is a bibliophilic and absent-minded college professor who would often read facts from his book that he would ask others in a form of a "did you know" question.
Frida Puga-Casagrande (voiced by Roxana Ortega) – The wife of Carlos, mother of Carlinos, Carlitos, Carlotta, and C.J, and the aunt of Bobby and Ronnie Anne. She is a photographer where she can take pictures of almost everything. Frida is also allergic to cats as seen when the local street cats invade their apartment.
Carlota Casagrande (voiced by Alexa Vega) – The 17-year-old eldest child and only daughter of Carlos and Frida and the cousin of Bobby and Ronnie Anne. Like Leni Loud, Carlota cares about fashion and is into makeovers like Lola as seen when she tries to get Ronnie Anne into changing her appearance. She can also donate the clothes that she doesn't wear anymore and gets annoyed when Carl gets into her cosmetics.
Carlos Jr. "C.J." Casagrande (voiced by Jared Kozak) – The 13-year-old son and the second child of Carlos and Frida and the cousin of Bobby and Ronnie Anne who has Down syndrome due to his child-like personality. He is named after his father. He is usually the one who notices when the guests of the Casagrande family shows up and has a good friendship with Lincoln when playing pirates with him.
Carlino "Carl" Casagrande (portrayed by Alex Cazares) – The 6-year-old son and the third child of Carlos and Frida and the cousin of Bobby and Ronnie Anne. He acts as a boss and considers himself better than Bobby. In addition, he tends to hit on Lori much to her annoyance and mess with Carlota's cosmetics much to her dismay.
Carlitos Casagrande (voiced by Roxana Ortega) – The 2-year-old son and the fourth child of Carlos and Frida and the cousin of Bobby and Ronnie Anne who has a tendency to mimic what the family members, guests, and pets do. In addition, he can perform sign language as he can't speak in complete sentences yet.
Lalo – The Casagrande Family's pet English Mastiff. He is larger than most dogs as he was big enough to carry Ronnie Anne. Despite being a dog, Lalo is afraid of the local street cats.
Sergio (voiced by Carlos Alazraqui) – The Casagrande Family's pet parrot who tends to tease the family members. It is implied that Sergio didn't like Bobby until he accidentally ate the cookie that Ronnie Anne laced with a love potion that Lori was going to give to Bobby.

text: Minor[edit]

text:
Becky (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) – A red-haired teenage girl who is one of Lori and Leni's friends. In "Deal Me Out," it is revealed that she is a fan of Ace Savvy alongside Chaz and Joey.
Chaz (voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz) – An obese teenager who is one of Lori and Leni's friends. In "L is for Love," it is revealed that Chaz works at a clothing store and is a love interest of Leni. In "Deal Me Out," it is revealed that he is a fan of Ace Savvy alongside Becky and Joey.
Cheryl (voiced by Grey Griffin) – The secretary at Royal Woods Elementary School.
Coach Pacowski (voiced by Jeff Bennett) – Lincoln and Clyde's gym teacher at Royal Woods Elementary School with a stern and authoritarian personality who has a crush on Agnes Johnson. In "Teachers' Union," it is revealed that Coach Pacowski enjoys mini-golf, has never left Michigan, and lives on a houseboat with his mom. Following a failed date with Agnes, he starts to fall in love with Nurse Patti after she patched him up from his obstacle course injuries and that they have common mini-golf hobby.
Haiku (voiced by Georgie Kidder) – A goth girl who is one of Lucy's friends and member of the same Morticians' Club that Lucy is a part of. She has a hairstyle where some of her hair covers her left eye.
Katherine Mulligan (voiced by Catherine Taber) – A news reporter in Royal Woods who reports on different things.
Kotaro (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A friend of Lynn Loud Sr. who is also part of his band called The Clang.
Margo (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) – A girl who is one of Lynn Jr.'s friends and teammate on some of her sports teams.
Nurse Patti (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) – The school nurse at Royal Woods Elementary School. She is Coach Pacowski's second love interest due to their shared hobby of mini-golf.
Sam Sharp (voiced by Jill Talley) – A teenage girl who is one of Luna's friends and fellow musicians.
Wilbur T. Huggins (voiced by Stephen Tobolowsky) – The strict principal of Royal Woods Elementary School. Like Lincoln and Clyde, he is also a fan of Ace Savvy since his childhood. It is revealed in "Absent Minded" that he was the alumni at Royal Woods Elementary who got perfect attendance 30 years before Clyde.

text: Pets of the Loud family[edit]

text: The Loud family has different pets in their house. Among the known pets are:

text:
Charles (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker in "Pets Peeved") – The Loud family's pit bull terrier who is named after Charles M. Schulz. He is often shown sleeping in Lincoln's room.
Cliff (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker in "Pets Peeved") – The Loud family's pet short-haired cat who is named after Cliff Sterrett.
Geo – The Loud family's pet hamster who normally travels in a hamster ball.
Walt – The Loud family's pet yellow canary who is named after Walt Kelly. Most of the time, he has an angry expression on his face.
Fangs – One of Lucy's pet bats.
Hops – Lana's pet frog.
Bitey – Lana's pet gray rat. In "Baby Steps," Lana dislikes having Bitey experimented on by Lisa who nicknamed him Subject 57A. In addition, Bitey is afraid of heights.
El Diablo – Lana's pet snake.
Izzy – Lana's pet lizard.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The Loud House was created by Chris Savino for Nickelodeon. Savino based the series on his own experiences growing up in a large family.[16] Early in development, the Loud family was going to be composed of rabbits, but this was terminated when an executive asked Savino to make them human.[17][18] However, the idea of the Loud family being rabbits became used as Lincoln's dream in the Season 3 episode "White Hare." He pitched the idea to Nickelodeon in 2013 as a 2½-minute short for their annual Animated Shorts Program.[19] In June 2014, Nickelodeon announced that The Loud House had been picked up for a season of 13 episodes.[20] The episode order was later increased to 26.[21] On May 25, 2016, Nickelodeon announced that the series had been picked up for a second season of 14 episodes later increased to 26.[22] On October 19, 2016, the series had been picked up for a third season of 26 episodes.[23] Savino has cited Peanuts and Polly and Her Pals as influences on the show's characterizations and animation. Newspaper comic strips are also influences on the show's background art.

text: Savino's firing[edit]

text: On October 17, 2017, Cartoon Brew reported that Chris Savino was suspended from the studio due to allegations of sexual harassment, the report noting that rumors of Savino's behavior have existed for "at least a decade."[24] On October 19, a Nickelodeon spokesperson confirmed that Savino had been fired from the studio, and that the series will continue production without him.[25] Six days later on October 23, Savino spoke for the first time since his firing saying he said he was "deeply sorry" for his actions.[26] Alongside the announcement of the series being greenlit for a fourth season, it was revealed that story editor Mike Rubiner had now been named executive producer and showrunner.[27] On May 30, 2018, Savino was suspended from The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839, for one year.[28]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series debuted on Nickelodeon on Monday, May 2, 2016 at 5:00PM (ET/PT), with new episodes premiering every weekday that month.[29] The first trailer for the series premiered on March 13, 2016.[30] The series is also aired on AFN Family.

text: Internationally, the series premiered in Israel and Italy on May 15.[31] It premiered in Latin America, Brazil, Poland, Germany, France and Africa the following day.[32] It began airing in Southeast Asia on May 20. Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland's Nickelodeon channels premiered the series on May 30.[33] In Canada, YTV aired a sneak peek of the series on September 5, 2016, which was followed by an official premiere on September 6, 2016.[34]

text: The series premiered on May 15, 2016, in the Middle East and North Africa, on Nickelodeon Arabia. However, it is dubbed in Gulf Arabic.

text: Home media[edit]

text:
DVD releases

Region

Set title

Seasons

Aspect ratio

Episode count

Time length

Release date

1

Welcome to The Loud House[35]

1

16:9

13

305 minutes

May 23, 2017

It Gets Louder[36]

293 minutes

May 22, 2018

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical[edit]

text: The Loud House has received positive reviews, specifically for its animation, voice acting, characterization, and the heartwarming themes of each episode. Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media praised the show's voice cast and thematic messages, writing that "kids will come to The Loud House for the laughs, but they'll return for the ensemble cast and the surprisingly heartwarming themes that dominate every story."[37] Kevin Johnson of The A.V. Club gave the series a B+, noting that "the female characters are defined by their traits, but never judged for them."[38]

text: The characters of Howard and Harold McBride have received praise for being a positive representation of an interracial gay married couple.[39] They are the first married gay couple to be featured in a Nicktoon.[40][41] Laura Bradley of Vanity Fair stated that The Loud House "handles the topic [of same-sex marriage] in exactly the right way...this kind of casual representation in children's programming is a milestone."[42] De Elizabeth of Teen Vogue wrote, "The best part is that the show doesn’t treat these characters any differently, or even introduce them with a heavy asterisk about their marital status."[43] The Frisky's Tai Gooden mentioned that "kids who have two dads (or moms) will be more than thrilled to see a family they can identify with on TV."[44] Time reported that "people are thrilled about Nickelodeon's decision" to include a gay couple.[45] Some groups, by contrast, have criticized the introduction of the characters. The American Family Association objected to scenes featuring the McBride parents and attempted to push for the episode to be edited to no avail, saying that "Nickelodeon should stick to entertaining instead of pushing an agenda."[46] The Kenya Film Classification Board also called for the suspension of the series on Pay TV service provider DStv, saying that the animated series "promotes the Lesbian, Gay and Transgender agenda."[47]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The Loud House became the number-one children's animated series on television within its first month on the air.[3] Throughout May 2016, it received an average of 68% more viewers in its target audience of children aged 6–11 than broadcasts on Nickelodeon in May of the previous year.[48] As of June 2016, it was Nickelodeon's highest-rated program, beating SpongeBob SquarePants with an average Nielsen rating of 4.9 among the 2–11 demographic at the time.[49]

text: The Los Angeles Times cited The Loud House as a major factor in maintaining Nickelodeon's position as the highest-rated children's network in summer 2016.[50] During the show's fourth week of premieres, Cyma Zarghami announced that it was continuing to draw more viewers than any other program on the channel.[51]

text: The show's highest-rated episode, with 2.28 million viewers upon its premiere, is "Two Boys and a Baby".[52] This was the first episode to air after it was announced that Howard and Harold McBride would be debuting on the program. The first episode of The Loud House shown at prime time, "11 Louds a Leapin'", was the seventh most-viewed telecast across all U.S. households on Friday, November 25, 2016.[53]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The Loud House's portrayal of interracial gay married couple Howard and Harold McBride was nominated for Outstanding Individual Episode at the 28th GLAAD Media Awards and for Outstanding Kids & Family Programming at the 29th GLAAD Media Awards. The series was also nominated for Favorite Cartoon at both the 2017 Kids' Choice Awards and the 2018 Kids' Choice Awards.

text:
Year

Presenter

Award/Category

Nominee

Status

Ref.

2017

28th GLAAD Media Awards

Outstanding Individual Episode

"Attention Deficit"

Nominated

[54]

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon

The Loud House

Nominated

Young Artist Award

Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role – Teen Actor

Grant Palmer

Won

ASCAP Screen Television Award

Top Television Series

Doug Rockwell, Michelle Lewis, and Phillip Cimino

Won

[55]

2018

29th GLAAD Media Awards

Outstanding Kids & Family Programming

The Loud House

Nominated

[56]

45th Annie Awards

Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production

Amanda Rynda, Larry Murphy, Edgar Duncan, Hallie Wilson, and Jared Morgan

Nominated

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon

The Loud House

Nominated

45th Daytime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Directing in an Animated Program

Kyle Marshall and Lisa Schaffer

Nominated

Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program

Eric Acosta, Sammie Crowley, Karla Shropshire, Kevin Sullivan, Whitney Wetta, and Michael Rubiner

Nominated

text: Film[edit]

text: On March 28, 2017, Paramount's motion picture president Marc Evans announced a movie based on the series set for release on February 7, 2020.[2]

text: Spinoff[edit]

text: A spinoff with the working title Los Casagrandes was put into development by Nickelodeon in March 2018. It will feature Bobby and Ronnie Anne Santiago as well as their extended Casagrande family living in Great Lakes City, located in northern Ohio.[57][58] The spinoff was greenlit to series on July 2, 2018.[58]


document_title: The Voice (U.S. season 13)

question_text: who was eliminated on the voice december 12 2017

root

text: The Voice (U.S. season 13)

text: Coaches and hosts[edit]

text: The coach lineup changed once again for the thirteenth season. Gwen Stefani and Alicia Keys did not return as coaches. They were replaced by Miley Cyrus, who returns after a one-season hiatus, along with returning coaches Adam Levine and Blake Shelton. On May 10, 2017, NBC announced that Jennifer Hudson would join as a coach, following her success on The Voice UK. Carson Daly will return for his thirteenth season as host.[3][2]

tag: p

text: This season, for the first time since season six, the Playoffs did not kick off the live rounds and voting. This season, the Top 12 have been chosen by the coaches. In previous seasons, the finalists were partially determined by viewers’ votes.[4][5]

text: This season's Battle advisors are: Joe Jonas for Team Adam, Billy Ray Cyrus for Team Miley, Kelly Rowland for Team Jennifer, Rascal Flatts for Team Blake. Kelly Clarkson will serve as a key advisor for all teams.

text: Teams[edit]

text: Color key

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Third place
     Fourth place
     Eliminated in the Live Shows

     Eliminated in the Playoffs
     Selected by another coach as their Coach Comeback
     Stolen in the Knockout rounds
     Eliminated in the Knockout rounds
     Stolen in the Battle rounds
     Eliminated in the Battle rounds

tag: table

text:
Coaches
Top 48 artists

Adam Levine

Addison Agen
Adam Cunningham
Jon Mero
Emily Luther
Whitney Fenimore
Anthony Alexander

Hannah Mrozak
Adam Pearce
Dennis Drummond
Dylan Gerard
Whitney Fenimore
Michael Kight

Gary Carpentier
Brandon Brown
Dave Crosby
Brandon Showell

Miley Cyrus

Brooke Simpson
Ashland Craft
Janice Freeman
Moriah Formica
Adam Pearce
Karli Webster

Whitney Fenimore
Chloe Kohanski
Stephan Marcellus
Addison Agen
Katrina Rose
Megan Rose

Sophia Bollman
Shilo Gold
Ilianna Viramontes

Jennifer Hudson

Noah Mac
Davon Fleming
Shi'Ann Jones
Lucas Holliday
Hannah Mrozak
Chris Weaver

Jeremiah Miller
Katrina Rose
Eric Lyn
Kathrina Feigh
Stephan Marcellus
Meagan McNeal

Maharasyi
Alexandra Joyce
Ignatious Carmouche

Blake Shelton

Chloe Kohanski
Red Marlow
Keisha Renee
Mitchell Lee
Natalie Stovall
Esera Tuaolo

Adam Cunningham
Anna Catherine DeHart
Megan Rose
Kathrina Feigh
Noah Mac
Dennis Drummond

Rebecca Brunner
Ryan Scripps
Kristi Hoopes

Note: Italicized names are stolen contestants (names struck through within former teams). Bolded names are contestants who received the Coach Comeback and advanced to the Playoffs.

text: Blind auditions[edit]

text:
✔
Coach pressed "I WANT YOU" button

Artist defaulted to a coach's team

Artist elected to pick a coach's team

Artist eliminated with no coach pressing their button

text: Episode 1 (September 25)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Chris Weaver
29
Long Island, New York
"Try a Little Tenderness"
✔
✔
✔
✔

2
Mitchell Lee
29
Charleston, South Carolina
"Hold My Hand"
✔
—
✔
✔

3
Janice Freeman
32
Compton, California
"Radioactive"
—
✔
✔
—

4
Xaris
17
Gulf Breeze, Florida
"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"
—
—
—
—

5
Shi'Ann Jones
15
Bowling Green, Kentucky
"Drown in My Own Tears"
—
—
✔
✔

6
Dave Crosby
30
Seattle, Washington
"I Will Follow You into the Dark"
✔
✔
—
✔

7
Odiseas Georgiadis
20
Brooklyn, New York
"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"
—
—
—
—

8
Esera Tuaolo
49
Minneapolis, Minnesota
"Rise Up"
—
—
✔
✔

9
Brandon Showell
26
Virginia Beach, Virginia
"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back"
✔
✔
✔
—

10
Lucas Holliday
26
Lansing, Michigan
"This Woman's Work"
—
—
✔
—

11
Brooke Simpson
26
Hollister, North Carolina
"Stone Cold"
✔
✔
✔
✔

text: Episode 2 (September 26)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Keisha Renee
30
Inglewood, California
"I Can't Stop Loving You"
✔
✔
✔
✔

2
Dylan Gerard
28
Macclenny, Florida
"Say You Won't Let Go"
✔
—
✔
—

3
Maharasyi
27
Indonesia  / Los Angeles, California
"Tell Me Something Good"
—
✔
✔
—

4
Marlo Wells
61
Fontana, California
"Love Me Now"
—
—
—
—

5
Red Marlow
40
Dickson, Tennessee
"Swingin'"
—
✔
—
✔

6
Ashland Craft
21
Piedmont, South Carolina
"You Are My Sunshine"
✔
✔
—
✔

text: Episode 3 (October 2)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Adam Cunningham
38
Nashville, Tennessee
"Midnight Rider"
—
—
✔
✔

2
Hannah Mrozak
18
Richfield, Wisconsin
"Starving"
✔
—
✔
✔

3
Shilo Gold
26
Denver, Colorado
"Stay with Me Baby"
—
✔
✔
—

4
Samantha Rios
16
Arlington, Virginia
"Something's Got a Hold on Me"
—
—
—
—

5
Noah Mac
17
Dublin, California
"Way Down We Go"
—
—
✔
✔

6
Davon Fleming
25
Baltimore, Maryland
"Me & Mr. Jones"
✔
✔
✔
✔

7
Kathrina Feigh
24
Quezon City, Philippines  / New York City, New York
"Big White Room"
—
—
✔
✔

8
Alexandra Joyce
16
Strongsville, Ohio
"Wildest Dreams"
✔
—
✔
✔

9
Eric Lyn
26
Los Angeles, California
"O-o-h Child"
—
—
✔
—

10
Anna Catherine DeHart
23
Sikeston, Missouri
"I Could Use a Love Song"
✔
—
—
✔

11
Addison Agen
16
Fort Wayne, Indiana
"Jolene"
✔
✔
—
—

12
Adam Pearce
31
New Orleans, Louisiana
"Hot Blooded"
✔
✔
—
—

13
Myles Frost
17
Washington, D.C.
"My Cherie Amour"
—
—
—
—

14
Moriah Formica
16
Latham, New York
"Crazy on You"
✔
✔
✔
✔

text: Episode 4 (October 3)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Anthony Alexander
17
Fontana, California
"Redbone"
✔
✔
✔
—

2
Sophia Bollman
18
Norco, California
"Invincible"
—
✔
—
✔

3
Jessica Rowboat
28
New Delhi, India  / Queens, New York
"Imagine"
—
—
—
—

4
Karli Webster
20
Fort Worth, Texas
"You're So Vain"
✔
✔
—
—

5
Stephan Marcellus
26
Englewood, New Jersey
"Take Me to Church"
—
—
✔

6
Emily Luther
24
Woonsocket, Rhode Island
"Summertime"
✔
—
✔
✔

text: Episode 5 (October 9)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Chloe Kohanski
23
Mount Juliet, Tennessee
"The Chain"
—
✔
✔
✔

2
Olivia Kay
13
Edmond, Oklahoma
"Ghost"
—
—
—
—

3
Dennis Drummond
27
Nashville, Tennessee
"She Talks to Angels"
✔
—
—
✔

4
Ignatious Carmouche
23
Opelousas, Louisiana
"Latch"
—
—
✔
✔

5
Rebecca Brunner
22
Mason, Michigan
"Believer"
—
—
—
✔

6
Brandon Brown
19
The Bronx, New York
"Georgia on My Mind"
✔
—
✔
✔

7
Nathan Graham
27
Chicago, Illinois
"Nobody to Blame"
—
—
—
—

8
Whitney Fenimore
28
Tulsa, Oklahoma
"Hold On, We're Going Home"
✔
✔
—
—

9
Ilianna Viramontes
18
Brentwood, California
"New Soul"
—
✔
—
✔

10
Katrina Rose
34
Astoria, Queens, New York
"Kozmic Blues"
—
✔
—
—

11
Natalie Stovall
35
Nashville, Tennessee
"If It Hadn't Been For Love"
—
—
—
✔

12
Ryan Scripps
24
San Jose, California
"Body Like a Back Road"
—
—
—
✔

13
Meagan McNeal
31
Chicago, Illinois
"Can't Feel My Face"
—
—
✔
—

14
Jon Mero
31
Atlanta, Georgia
"Versace on the Floor"
✔
✔
✔
✔

text: Episode 6 (October 10)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Kristi Hoopes
19
Parker, Colorado
"Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love"
✔
—
✔
✔

2
Michael Kight
25
Dublin, Georgia
"Sugar"
✔
—
—
Team full

3
Jeremiah Miller
18
Fort Worth, Texas
"Slow Hands"
✔
—
✔

4
Serina Rae
17
Panama City Beach, Florida
"Stand By Me"
—
—
Team full

5
Austin Serrato
42
Ashville, Alabama
"Ain't No Sunshine"
—
—

6
Raycee Jones
29
Brooklyn, New York
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
—
—

7
Nik Singleton
28
Seattle, Washington
"Wide Open Spaces"
—
—

8
Megan Rose
20
San Francisco, California
"Ode to Billie Joe"
✔
✔

9
Gary Carpentier
26
Oswego, New York
"Home"
✔
Team full

text: The Battles[edit]

text: The Battle Rounds start on October 16. Season thirteen's advisors include: Joe Jonas for Team Adam, Billy Ray Cyrus for Team Miley, Kelly Rowland for Team Jennifer, and Rascal Flatts for Team Blake.[6] The coaches can steal two losing artists from another coach. Contestants who win their battle or are stolen by another coach will advance to the Knockout rounds.

text: Color key:

text:
Artist won the Battle and advanced to the Knockouts

Artist lost the Battle but was stolen by another coach and advanced to the Knockouts

Artist lost the Battle and was originally eliminated but received the Coach Comeback and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Battle and was eliminated

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Winner
Song
Loser
'Steal' result

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

Episode 7
(Monday, October 16)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Lucas Holliday
"My Perogative"
Meagan McNeal
—
—
N/A
—

Miley Cyrus
2
Moriah Formica
"American Woman"
Shilo Gold
—
N/A
—
—

Blake Shelton
3
Keisha Renee
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
Noah Mac
—
—
✔
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
4
Chris Weaver
"Dangerous Woman"
Kathrina Feigh
—
—
N/A
✔

Miley Cyrus
5
Brooke Simpson
"You're a Big Girl Now"
Sophia Bollman
—
N/A
—
—

Adam Levine
6
Adam Pearce
"Stop Draggin' My Heart Around"
Whitney Fenimore
N/A
✔
—
✔

Episode 8
(Tuesday, October 17)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Davon Fleming
"I'm Your Baby Tonight"
Maharasyi
—
—
N/A
—

Adam Levine
2
Hannah Mrozak
"Cold Water"
Brandon Showell
N/A
—
—
—

3
Dylan Gerard
"Doctor My Eyes"
Dave Crosby
N/A
—
—
—

Blake Shelton
4
Esera Tuaolo
"This I Promise You"
Rebecca Brunner
—
—
—
N/A

Miley Cyrus
5
Chloe Kohanski
"I Am Woman"
Ilianna Viramontes
—
N/A
—
—

Blake Shelton
6
Mitchell Lee
"Mr. Jones"
Dennis Drummond
✔
—
—
N/A

Episode 9
(Monday, October 23)
Adam Levine
1
Jon Mero
"I Wish It Would Rain"
Brandon Brown
N/A
—
—
—

Blake Shelton
2
Red Marlow
"Fishin' in the Dark"
Ryan Scripps
—
—
—
N/A

Miley Cyrus
3
Karli Webster
"Girls Just Want to Have Fun"
Addison Agen
✔
N/A
✔
—

Blake Shelton
4
Anna Catherine DeHart
"Independence Day"
Kristi Hoopes
Team full
—
—
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
5
Jeremiah Miller
"One Call Away"
Alexandra Joyce
—
N/A
—

Adam Levine
6
Emily Luther
"Send My Love (To Your New Lover)"
Gary Carpentier
—
—
—

Jennifer Hudson
7
Shi'Ann Jones
"Oh! Darling"
Stephan Marcellus
✔
N/A
—

Adam Levine
8
Anthony Alexander
"I Feel It Coming"
Michael Kight
Team full
—
—

Miley Cyrus
9
Janice Freeman
"W.O.M.A.N"
Katrina Rose
✔
—

Episode 10
(Tuesday, October 24)
Blake Shelton
1
Adam Cunningham
"Boondocks"
Natalie Stovall
Team full
Team full
Team full
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
2
Eric Lyn
"Unaware"
Ignatious Carmouche
—

Miley Cyrus
3
Ashland Craft
"A Good Hearted Woman"
Megan Rose
✔

text: The Knockouts[edit]

text: The Knockouts round starts with episode 11. The coaches can each steal one losing artist. The top 20 contestants then move on to The Playoffs. Kelly Clarkson is the advisor to contestants from all teams in this round.

text: Color key:

text:
Artist won the Knockout and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Knockout but was stolen by another coach and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Knockout and was originally eliminated but received the Coach Comeback and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Knockout and was eliminated

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Song
Artists
Song
'Steal' result

Winner
Loser
Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

Episode 11
(Monday, October 30)
Blake Shelton
1
"Superstar"
Esera Tuaolo
Adam Cunningham
"Either Way"
✔
—
—
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
2
"Who's Lovin' You"
Shi'Ann Jones
Lucas Holliday
"Tell It Like It Is"
Team full
—
N/A
—

Adam Levine
3
"Beneath Your Beautiful"
Addison Agen
Dennis Drummond
"All Along the Watchtower"
—
—
—

Miley Cyrus
4
"I'm Goin' Down"
Janice Freeman
Karli Webster
"Blue Bayou"
N/A
—
—

Jennifer Hudson
5
"I Can Only Imagine"
Davon Fleming
Eric Lyn
"What's Going On"
—
N/A
—

Miley Cyrus
6
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
Ashland Craft
Chloe Kohanski
"Landslide"
N/A
✔
✔

Episode 12
(Tuesday, October 31)
The twelfth episode was a special one-hour episode titled "Best of the Season". The episode showed selected moments of the season so far, including the coaches, their teams, their assistant team advisors, the journey of the contestants thus far, and some previously unseen footage.

Episode 13
(Monday, November 6)
Miley Cyrus
1
"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman"
Brooke Simpson
Stephan Marcellus
"Impossible"
Team full
N/A
—
Team full

Blake Shelton
2
"I'll Be"
Mitchell Lee
Anna Catherine DeHart
"Breathe"
—
—

Jennifer Hudson
3
"Hold Back the River"
Noah Mac
Jeremiah Miller
"Sorry"
—
N/A

Blake Shelton
4
"I Hope You Dance"
Keisha Renee
Kathrina Feigh
"Girl on Fire"
—
—

Adam Levine
5
"Blame It On the Boogie"
Jon Mero
Dylan Gerard
"Can I Be Him"
—
—

Miley Cyrus
6
"Behind These Hazel Eyes"
Moriah Formica
Whitney Fenimore1
"Calling All Angels"
N/A
—

Adam Levine
7
"Glitter in the Air"
Emily Luther
Adam Pearce
"Smoke on the Water"
✔
—

Episode 14
(Tuesday, November 7)
Jennifer Hudson
1
"I Put a Spell on You"
Chris Weaver
Katrina Rose
"Zombie"
Team full
Team full
N/A
Team full

Blake Shelton
2
"Outskirts of Heaven"
Red Marlow
Megan Rose
"Smoke Break"
—

Adam Levine
3
"Mercy"
Anthony Alexander
Hannah Mrozak
"Love on the Brain"
✔

text: 1 Whitney Fenimore is on Team Adam for the Playoffs.

text: The Playoffs[edit]

text: The Playoffs were taped on August 31 and September 1, and comprised episodes 15, 16, and 17. As in season 6, the Playoffs were prerecorded, featuring no interactive viewer voting component, and therefore no subsequent results shows. As in seasons 9, 10, and 12, four previously eliminated artists were chosen by the coaches to come back for the Playoffs. This time, they were Natalie Stovall (picked by Blake Shelton), Lucas Holliday (chosen by Jennifer Hudson), Karli Webster (joined by Miley Cyrus), and Whitney Fenimore (by Adam Levine).

text: This season is the first to have the Playoffs taped on the same stage as the Battles and the Knockouts. The top twenty-four artists performed for the coaches, with each coach choosing three artists from their teams for elimination. The remaining top twelve artists advanced to the live shows.

text: Color key:

text:
Artist was chosen by his/her coach to move on to the live shows

Artist was eliminated

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Result

Episode 15
(Monday, November 13)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Davon Fleming
"I Am Changing"
Advanced

2
Hannah Mrozak
"Learn to Let Go"
Eliminated

3
Lucas Holliday
"The Beautiful Ones"
Eliminated

4
Shi'Ann Jones
"Tattooed Heart"
Advanced

5
Chris Weaver
"California Soul"
Eliminated

6
Noah Mac
"In the Air Tonight"
Advanced

Blake Shelton
7
Red Marlow
"Chiseled in Stone"
Advanced

8
Chloe Kohanski
"Time After Time"
Advanced

9
Natalie Stovall
"Callin' Baton Rouge"
Eliminated

10
Esera Tuaolo
"How Do I Live"
Eliminated

11
Mitchell Lee
"Heaven"
Eliminated

12
Keisha Renee
"Love Can Build a Bridge"
Advanced

Episode 16
(Tuesday, November 14)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"Have a Little Faith in Me"
Advanced

2
Whitney Fenimore
"If It Makes You Happy"
Eliminated

3
Emily Luther
"Lovesong"
Eliminated

4
Anthony Alexander
"Perfect"
Eliminated

5
Jon Mero
"When We Were Young"
Advanced

6
Addison Agen
"Angel from Montgomery"
Advanced

Episode 17
(Wednesday, November 15)
Miley Cyrus
1
Brooke Simpson
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World"
Advanced

2
Karli Webster
"Coat of Many Colors"
Eliminated

3
Adam Pearce
"Love Hurts"
Eliminated

4
Ashland Craft
"When I Think About Cheatin'"
Advanced

5
Moriah Formica
"World Without You"
Eliminated

6
Janice Freeman
"Fall for You"
Advanced

text: Live shows[edit]

text: Color key:

text:
Artist was saved by the Public's votes

Artist was placed in the bottom two, bottom three, or middle three

Artist was saved by the Instant Save

Artist's iTunes vote multiplied by 5 (except The Finals) after his/her studio version of the song reached iTunes top 10

Artist was eliminated

text: Week 1: Top 12 (November 20 and 21)[edit]

text: The Top 12 performed on Monday, November 20, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, November 21, 2017. The Instant Save returned once again this season, with the bottom two artists performing for a spot in the next round via the viewers' votes from Twitter.

text: Addison Agen received the first iTunes bonus multiplier of the season, with her studio recording of "She Used to Be Mine" placing (#9) on the iTunes Top 200 Singles chart at the close of the voting window.[7]

text: In addition, the show's official YouTube channel released a video starring the cast of Pitch Perfect 3 and the Top 12 singing "Freedom! '90" and "Cups".

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Result

Episode 18
(Monday, November 20)
Miley Cyrus
1
Brooke Simpson
"Praying"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
2
Red Marlow
"The Church on Cumberland Road"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
3
Shi'Ann Jones
"Vision of Love"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
4
Jon Mero
"Why I Love You"
Bottom two

Miley Cyrus
5
Ashland Craft
"Delta Dawn"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
6
Adam Cunningham
"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)"
Bottom two

Blake Shelton
7
Chloe Kohanski
"Thank You"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
8
Davon Fleming
"Love On Top"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
9
Addison Agen
"She Used to Be Mine"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
10
Keisha Renee
"Midnight Train to Georgia"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
11
Noah Mac
"Speed of Sound"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
12
Janice Freeman
"The Story"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 19
(Tuesday, November 21)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"Fortunate Son"
Instant Save

2
Jon Mero
"I Want You Back"
Eliminated

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

19.1
Jennifer Hudson and her team
(Davon Fleming, Noah Mac and Shi'Ann Jones)
"Let It Be"

19.2
Maroon 5
"What Lovers Do"

19.3
Blake Shelton and his team
(Chloe Kohanski, Keisha Renee and Red Marlow)
"If It Will, It Will"

text: Week 2: Top 11 (November 27 and 28)[edit]

text: The Top 11 performed songs chosen by the public on Monday, November 27, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, November 28, 2017. iTunes bonus multipliers were awarded to Red Marlow (#10), Addison Agen (#2), and Chloe Kohanski (#1).[8]

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Results

Episode 20
(Monday, November 27)
Miley Cyrus
1
Janice Freeman
"Shine"
Bottom two

Blake Shelton
2
Red Marlow
"The Dance"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
3
Shi’Ann Jones
"Listen"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
4
Adam Cunningham
"American Girl"
Bottom two

Miley Cyrus
5
Brooke Simpson
"What About Us"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
6
Davon Fleming
"I Have Nothing"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
7
Ashland Craft
"Chicken Fried"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
8
Addison Agen
"A Case of You"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
9
Keisha Renee
"It Matters to Me"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
10
Noah Mac
"Electric Love"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
11
Chloe Kohanski
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 21
(Tuesday, November 28)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"Amazed"
Instant Save

Miley Cyrus
2
Janice Freeman
"Chandelier"
Eliminated

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

21.1
Miley Cyrus and her team
(Ashland Craft, Janice Freeman and Brooke Simpson)
"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!"

21.2
Adam Levine and his team
(Addison Agen and Adam Cunningham)
"Go Your Own Way"

21.3
Blake Shelton with Jennifer Hudson
"I'll Name the Dogs"

text: Week 3: Top 10 (December 4 and 5)[edit]

text: The Top 10 performed on Monday, December 4, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, December 5, 2017. iTunes bonus multipliers were awarded to Keisha Renee (#10), Addison Agen (#5), Chloe Kohanski (#4), and Brooke Simpson (#2).[9]

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Results

Episode 22
(Monday, December 4)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Davon Fleming
"Hurt"
Bottom three

Adam Levine
2
Adam Cunningham
"Maybe It Was Memphis"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
3
Noah Mac
"Ordinary World"
Public's vote

4
Shi'Ann Jones
"Diamonds"
Bottom three

Blake Shelton
5
Chloe Kohanski
"Call Me"
Public's vote

6
Keisha Renee
"All By Myself"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
7
Ashland Craft
"I Hate Myself for Loving You"
Bottom three

8
Brooke Simpson
"Amazing Grace"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
9
Red Marlow
"That's What I Love About Sunday"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
10
Addison Agen
"Lucky"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 23
(Tuesday, December 5)
Miley Cyrus
1
Ashland Craft
"Tonight I Wanna Cry"
Eliminated

Jennifer Hudson
2
Shi'Ann Jones
"At Last"
Eliminated

3
Davon Fleming
"Ain't No Way"
Instant Save

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

22.1
Gwen Stefani feat. Blake Shelton
"You Make It Feel Like Christmas"

23.1
Portugal. The Man
"Feel It Still"

23.2
Danielle Bradbery
"Worth It"

text: Week 4: Semifinals (December 11 and 12)[edit]

text: The Top 8 performed on Monday, December 11, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, December 12, 2017. Like Season 12, the duets between contestants were part of the competition and public voting. In the semifinals, three artists will automatically move to next week's finale, the two artists with the least votes will be immediately eliminated and the middle three will contend for the remaining spot in the next week's finals via the Instant Save. iTunes bonuses this week awarded to Chloe Kohanski (#1), Addison Agen (#2), Chloe Kohanski and Noah Mac (Duet) (#3), Red Marlow (#5), Brooke Simpson (#6) and Noah Mac (#7). Davon Fleming’s “Gravity” was in the Top 10 earlier Tuesday, but it had fallen to #11 by the voting deadline.[10]

text: With the eliminations of Noah Mac and Davon Fleming, Jennifer Hudson no longer has any artists remaining on her team. Noah Mac was the first artist to receive two iTunes bonuses and to be eliminated during the same week.

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Results

Episode 24
(Monday, December 11)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"I'm Already There"
Middle three

Jennifer Hudson
2
Davon Fleming
"Gravity"
Eliminated

Blake Shelton
3
Red Marlow
"Go Rest High on That Mountain"
Middle three

4
Keisha Renee
"What Hurts the Most"
Eliminated

5
Chloe Kohanski
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
6
Noah Mac
"River"
Middle three

Adam Levine
7
Addison Agen
"Both Sides, Now"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
8
Brooke Simpson
"Faithfully"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 25
(Tuesday, December 12)
Blake Shelton
1
Red Marlow
"Dixieland Delight"
Instant Save

Adam Levine
2
Adam Cunningham
"Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
Eliminated

Jennifer Hudson
3
Noah Mac
"Sign of the Times"
Eliminated

text:
Duets

Order
Performers
Song

24.2
Noah Mac and Chloe Kohanski
"Wicked Game"

24.4
Brooke Simpson and Davon Fleming
"Earned It"

24.6
Adam Cunningham and Red Marlow
"Can't You See"

24.8
Addison Agen and Keisha Renee
"Strong Enough"

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

25.1
Machine Gun Kelly, X Ambassadors and Bebe Rexha
"Home"

25.2
Jennifer Hudson
"Burden Down"

25.3
Alisan Porter, Chris Mann, Mary Sarah, Matt McAndrew, Matthew Schuler, and Michael Sanchez
(giving a preview of the upcoming The Voice: Neon Dreams residency show in Las Vegas)

"It's Time"

text: Week 5: Finals (December 18 and 19)[edit]

text: The Top 4 performed on Monday, December 18, 2017, with the final results following on Tuesday, December 19, 2017. This week, the four finalists performed a solo cover song, a duet with their coach, and an original song. iTunes bonuses this week were awarded to Addison Agen (#1, #5, #10), Chloe Kohanski (#2 and #7), Brooke Simpson (#4 and #8) and Red Marlow (#3).[11]

text:
Coach
Artist
Order
Solo Song
Order
Duet Song (with Coach)
Order
Original Song
Result

Adam Levine
Addison Agen
1
"Humble and Kind"
5
"Falling Slowly"
11
"Tennessee Rain"
Runner-up

Blake Shelton
Chloe Kohanski
12
"Bette Davis Eyes"
8
"You Got It"
2
"Wish I Didn't Love You"
Winner

Blake Shelton
Red Marlow
9
"To Make You Feel My Love"
3
"I'm Gonna Miss Her"
7
"I Pray"
Fourth place

Miley Cyrus
Brooke Simpson
10
"O Holy Night"
6
"Wrecking Ball"
4
"What Is Beautiful"
Third place

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

26.1
Chris Blue
"Humanity" (In promotion of NBC's Winter Olympics coverage)

27.1
Bebe Rexha, Adam Cunningham and Keisha Renee
"Meant to Be"

27.2
Charlie Puth
(with Adam Levine on a guitar)
"How Long"

27.3
Norah Jones and Addison Agen
"Don't Know Why"

27.4
Bastille and Noah Mac
"World Gone Mad"

27.5
Kelly Clarkson
"Medicine"

27.6
Chris Blue
"Blue Blood Blues"

27.7
Sia and Brooke Simpson
"Titanium"

27.8
Chris Weaver as Nedra Belle and Stephanie’s Child featuring Jessie J
"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)"
"Bang Bang"

27.9
Billy Idol and Chloe Kohanski
"White Wedding"

27.10
Demi Lovato
"Tell Me You Love Me"

27.11
Jessie J and Davon Fleming
"Not My Ex"

27.12
Vince Gill and Red Marlow
"When I Call Your Name"

27.13
N.E.R.D.
"Lemon"

27.14
Sia
"Snowman"

text: Elimination chart[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
Team Adam
     Team Miley

     Team Jennifer
     Team Blake

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Third place
     Fourth place

     Saved by Instant Save (via Twitter)
     Saved by his/her coach
     Saved by the public
     Eliminated

text:
Two Stages Results per week

Artist
Playoffs
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Finals

Chloe Kohanski
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Winner

Addison Agen
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Runner-up

Brooke Simpson
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
3rd Place

Red Marlow
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
4th Place

Adam Cunningham
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 4)

Noah Mac
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Davon Fleming
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Keisha Renee
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Ashland Craft
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 3)

Shi'Ann Jones
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Janice Freeman
Safe
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 2)

Jon Mero
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 1)

Anthony Alexander
Eliminated
Eliminated (Playoffs)

Whitney Fenimore
Eliminated

Moriah Formica
Eliminated

Lucas Holliday
Eliminated

Mitchell Lee
Eliminated

Emily Luther
Eliminated

Hannah Mrozak
Eliminated

Adam Pearce
Eliminated

Natalie Stovall
Eliminated

Esera Tuaolo
Eliminated

Chris Weaver
Eliminated

Karli Webster
Eliminated

text: Team[edit]

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Third place
     Fourth place

     Eliminated
     Saved by his/her coach
     Artist Saved by Instant Save (via Twitter)
     Artist advanced and received one or more iTunes bonus that week
  Number of iTunes bonuses received

text:
Artist
Playoffs
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Finals

Addison Agen
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Runner-up

Adam Cunningham
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Jon Mero
Advanced
Eliminated

Anthony Alexander
Eliminated

Whitney Fenimore
Eliminated

Emily Luther
Eliminated

Brooke Simpson
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Third Place

Ashland Craft
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Janice Freeman
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Moriah Formica
Eliminated

Adam Pearce
Eliminated

Karli Webster
Eliminated

Noah Mac
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Davon Fleming
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Shi'Ann Jones
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Lucas Holliday
Eliminated

Hannah Mrozak
Eliminated

Chris Weaver
Eliminated

Chloe Kohanski
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Winner

Red Marlow
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Fourth Place

Keisha Renee
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Mitchell Lee
Eliminated

Natalie Stovall
Eliminated

Esera Tuaolo
Eliminated

text: Artists who appeared on previous shows or seasons[edit]

text:
Adam Pearce auditioned for season twelve, but failed to turn any chairs.
Keisha Renee appeared on the tenth season of American Idol, where she finished in the Top 40.
Hannah Mrozak was a Top 48 placer on the fourteenth season of American Idol.
Odiseas Georgiadis auditioned for season three of the show, but failed to turn any chairs. He is the second contestant, after Sonia Rao, to be rejected twice and the first one to be rejected twice in different seasons.
Samantha Rios previously appeared on the third season of La Voz Kids, as a member of Daddy Yankee's team. She finished as a semi-finalist.
Ignatious Carmouche previously won the show's second Snapchat season on Team Adam. He won a blind audition for this season as his prize.
Esera Tuaolo played professional football for nine years.[12]
Emily Luther (along with Charlie Puth) won the 2011 Perez Hilton Can YOU Sing?? YouTube contest doing a cover of Adele's “Someone Like You”. Both appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and were signed to her label eleveneleven. In January 2012, they came back to The Ellen DeGeneres Show and performed Lady Antebellum's "Need You Now" and an original written by Puth titled "Break Again" (co-written with Robert Gillies).

text: Reception[edit]

text: U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Episode
Original airdate
Production
Time slot (ET)
Viewers
(in millions)
Adults (18–49)
Source

Rating
Share

1
"The Blind Auditions Premiere"
September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25)
1301
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.57
2.6
9
[13]

2
"The Blind Auditions Premiere, Part 2"
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
1302
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.98
2.7
10
[14]

3
"The Blind Auditions, Part 3"
October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02)
1303
Monday 8:00 p.m.
11.04
2.6
9
[15]

4
"The Blind Auditions, Part 4"
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
1304
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.42
2.4
9
[16]

5
"The Blind Auditions, Part 5"
October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09)
1305
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.91
2.4
8
[17]

6
"The Blind Auditions, Part 6"
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
1306
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.93
2.6
9
[18]

7
"The Battles Premiere"
October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16)
1307
Monday 8:00 p.m.
11.01
2.6
10
[19]

8
"The Battles Premiere, Part 2"
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
1308
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.41
2.4
8
[20]

9
"The Battles, Part 3"
October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23)
1309
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.19
2.4
8
[21]

10
"The Battles, Part 4"
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
1310
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.90
1.9
7
[22]

11
"The Knockouts Premiere"
October 30, 2017 (2017-10-30)
1311
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.98
1.9
7
[23]

12
"The Voice: Best of the Season"
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
1312
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
6.23
1.0
4
[24]

13
"The Knockouts, Part 2"
November 6, 2017 (2017-11-06)
1313
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.63
2.0
7
[25]

14
"The Knockouts, Part 3"
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
1314
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.47
1.9
7
[26]

15
"The Playoffs, Night 1"
November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)
1315
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.01
2.0
8
[27]

16
"The Playoffs, Night 2"
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
1316
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.08
2.1
8
[28]

17
"The Playoffs, Night 3"
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
1317
Wednesday 9:00 p.m.
8.23
1.7
7
[29]

18
"Live Top 12 Performances"
November 20, 2017 (2017-11-20)
1318
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.15
1.7
6
[30]

19
"Live Top 12 Eliminations"
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
1319
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.36
1.7
7
[31]

20
"Live Top 11 Performances"
November 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)
1320
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.60
1.9
7
[32]

21
"Live Top 11 Eliminations"
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
1321
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.60
1.8
7
[33]

22
"Live Top 10 Performances"
December 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)
1322
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.86
1.8
7
[34]

23
"Live Top 10 Eliminations"
December 5, 2017 (2017-12-05)
1323
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.00
1.8
7
[35]

24
"Live Semifinal Performances"
December 11, 2017 (2017-12-11)
1324
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.45
1.9
7
[36]

25
"Live Semifinal Eliminations"
December 12, 2017 (2017-12-12)
1325
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.77
1.7
7
[37]

26
"Live Final Performances"
December 18, 2017 (2017-12-18)
1326
Monday 8:00 p.m.
11.02
2.0
7
[38]

27
"Live Season Finale"
December 19, 2017 (2017-12-19)
1327
Tuesday 9:00 p.m.
10.91
2.0
8
[39]


document_title: Penny (United States coin)

question_text: when did they change pennies from copper to zinc

text: Penny (United States coin)

text: History of composition[edit]

text:
Years
Material
Weight
(grains)
Weight
(grams)

1793–1795
~100% copper
208 grains
13.48

1795–1857
~100% copper
168 grains
10.89

1856–1864
88% copper, 12% nickel (also known as NS-12)
72 grains
4.67

1864–1942
bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1943
zinc-coated steel (also known as 1943 steel cent)
42 grains
2.72

1944–1946
brass (shell case copper) (95% copper, 5% zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1947–1962
bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1962–1981
brass (95% copper, 5% zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1982[7]
brass (95% copper, 5% zinc)
48 grains
3.11

copper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper)
38.6 grains
2.5

1983–present
copper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper)
38.6 grains
2.5

text: In honor of Lincoln's 200th anniversary, special 2009 cents were minted for collectors in the same composition as the 1909 coins.[8]

text: The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects that of copper from Cornish ores from England, while coins after 1850 that reflects that of Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records.[9]

text: In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 through 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues.

text: During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to the point where the cent contained almost one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternative metals, including aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million of these pennies were struck and ready for public release before ultimately being rejected. The proposed aluminum pennies were rejected for two reasons: vending machine owners complained the coins would cause mechanical problems; and pediatricians and pediatric radiologists pointed out that the radiodensity of the metal inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was close to that of soft tissue, and the coins would therefore be difficult to detect in X-ray imaging.[10] One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution.

text: The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the value of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent.[11] Some 1982 pennies used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper-plating. In Fiscal Year 2013, the average one-cent piece minted cost the U.S. Mint 1.83 cents, down from 2.41 cents apiece in FY 2011.[12]

text: The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface. The predominantly copper coins produce a higher-pitched ringing sound, while the zinc coins make a lower-pitched "clunk".[13] In addition, a full 50-cent roll of pre-1982/3 coins weighs 5.4 oz compared to a post-1982–83 roll which weighs 4.4 oz.

text: Mintage figures for the Lincoln cent can be found at Lincoln cent mintage figures.

text: Designs[edit]

text: The coin has gone through several designs over its two-hundred-year time frame. Until 1857 it was about the size of the current U.S. dollar coins (Susan B. Anthony through present dollars).

text: The following types of cents have been produced:

text: Large cents:

text:
Flowing Hair Chain 1793
Flowing Hair Wreath 1793
Liberty Cap 1793–1796
Draped bust 1796–1807
Classic Head 1808–1814
Coronet 1816–1839
Braided Hair 1839–1857, 1868 (not a regular issue)

text: Small cents:

text:
Flying Eagle cent (1856–1858)
Indian Head cent (1859–1909)
Lincoln cent (1909–present)

Lincoln Wheat (1909–1958)
Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008)
Lincoln Bicentennial 4 reverse designs (2009)
Lincoln Union Shield[14] (2010–present)

text: Throughout its history, the Lincoln cent has featured several typefaces for the date, but most of the digits have been old-style numerals, except with the 4 and 8 neither ascending nor descending. The only significant divergence is that the small 3 was non-descending (the same size as a 0, 1, or 2) in the early history, before switching to a descending, large 3 for just one year in 1934 and then permanently (as of 2014[update]) in 1943. Similarly, the digit 5 was small and non-descending up to 1945, then from 1950 and on, it became a large descending 5. From 1959 until 2008, the Lincoln Memorial was shown on the reverse of the United States cent. Because the Lincoln Memorial was shown in sufficient detail to discern the statue of Lincoln on the reverse of cent, Abraham Lincoln was at that time the only person to be depicted on both the obverse and reverse of the same United States coin. In 1999, the New Jersey state quarter was released, which depicts George Washington on both sides, crossing the Delaware River on the reverse side and in profile on the obverse. (The state quarter for South Dakota, released in 2006, also features Washington on both sides: the typical profile on the obverse, and Washington within Mount Rushmore on the reverse.) Some of the 2009 reverse design series no longer showed Abraham Lincoln, and the 2010 Lincoln Union Shield has removed the president from the coin reverse for the foreseeable future.

text: An additional design detail that is not readily visible to the naked eye is found on the obverse side of the 1918 onward United States cent. The letters "VDB" stamped on the bottom sleeve of Abraham Lincoln represent the initials of Victor David Brenner, the primary designer of the Wheat cent.

text: Lincoln cent[edit]

text: The Lincoln cent is the current one-cent coin of the U.S. It was adopted in 1909 (which would have been Lincoln's 100th birthday), replacing the Indian Head cent. Its reverse was changed in 1959 from a wheat-stalks design to a design which includes the Lincoln Memorial (to commemorate Lincoln's sesquicentennial) and was replaced again in 2009 with four new designs to commemorate Lincoln's bicentennial. There are more one-cent coins produced than any other denomination, which makes the Lincoln cent a familiar item. In its lifespan, this coin has weathered both world wars, one of which temporarily changed its composition as part of the war effort. The obverse is the longest design used for any circulating American currency.

text: History[edit]

text: Obverse design[edit]

text: When the Lincoln one-cent coin made its initial appearance in 1909, it marked a radical departure from the accepted styling of United States coinage, as it was the first regular coin to bear a portrait other than the mythical Liberty which appeared on most pre-1909 regular coins. Previously, a strong feeling had prevailed against using portraits on coins in the United States, but public sentiment stemming from the 100th anniversary celebration of Abraham Lincoln's birth proved stronger than the long-standing tradition.

text: A variety of privately minted tokens bearing Lincoln's image circulated as one-cent pieces during Lincoln's presidency; legitimate coinage had become scarce during the Civil War. These early tokens undoubtedly influenced the denomination, appearance, size, and composition of Lincoln cents.

text: Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th U.S. President, thought American coins were so common and uninspiring that he attempted to get the motto "In God We Trust" removed as offending religion. Roosevelt had the opportunity to pose for a young Lithuanian-born Jew, Victor David Brenner, who, since arriving nineteen years earlier in the United States had become one of the nation's premier medalists. Roosevelt had learned of Brenner's talents in a settlement house on New York City's Lower East Side and was immediately impressed with a bas-relief that Brenner had made of Lincoln, based on a Mathew Brady photograph. Roosevelt, who considered Lincoln the savior of the Union and the greatest Republican President, and who also considered himself Lincoln's political heir, ordered the new Lincoln cent to be based on Brenner's work and to be released just in time to commemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday in 1909. The likeness of President Lincoln on the obverse of the coin is an adaptation of a plaque Brenner created several years earlier which had come to the attention of President Roosevelt in New York.[15]

text: In addition to the prescribed elements on U.S. coins—LIBERTY and the date—the motto In God We Trust appeared for the first time on a coin of this denomination. The United States Congress passed the Act of March 3, 1865, authorizing the use of this motto on U.S. coins,[16] during Lincoln's tenure in office.

text: Even though no legislation was required for the new design, approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change. Franklin MacVeagh gave his approval on July 14, 1909, and not quite three weeks later, on August 2, the new coin was released to the public.

text: In 1918, after the controversy over Brenner's name and initials on the reverse had died down, his initials were placed on the obverse with no further controversy. They are to be found in minute form on the rim of the bust, just under the shoulder of Lincoln.

text: In 1969, the design was revised to make Lincoln look more like Brenner's original sculptures.

text: Reverse design[edit]

text:
Reverses of the
Lincoln cent

Wheat (1909–1958)

Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008)

Birth and early childhood in Kentucky (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Formative Years in Indiana (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Professional life in Illinois (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Presidency in DC (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Union shield (2010–present)

text: Wheat cent (1909–1958)[edit]

text: A study of three potential reverses resulted in the approval of a very simple design bearing two wheatheads in memorial style. Between these, in the center of the coin, are the denomination and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, while curving around the upper border is the national motto, E Pluribus Unum, Latin for "From Many, One."

text: The original model bore Brenner's name on the reverse, curving along the rim below UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Before the coins were issued, however, the initials "VDB" were substituted because officials at the United States Mint felt the name was too prominent. After the coin was released, many protested that even the initials were conspicuous and detracted from the design. Because the coin was in great demand, and because to make a change would have required halting production, the decision was made to eliminate the initials entirely.

text: Thus in 1909 the U.S. had six different cents: the 1909 and 1909-S Indian Head cents, and four Lincoln coins: 1909 VDB, 1909-S VDB, 1909 and 1909-S. In all cases the Philadelphia mintages far exceeded the San Francisco issues. While the smallest mintage is the '09-S Indian, the '09-S VDB is the key Lincoln date, and hence is most valuable. Its mintage of 484,000 is only 1.7% of the plain V.D.B.

text: Lincoln Memorial cent (1959–2008)[edit]

text: On February 12, 1959, a revised reverse design was introduced as part of the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's birth. No formal competition was held. Frank Gasparro, then Assistant Engraver at the Philadelphia Mint, prepared the winning entry, selected from a group of 23 models that the engraving staff at the Mint had been asked to present for consideration. Again, only the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change because the design had been in use for more than the required 25 years. The imposing marble Lincoln Memorial provides the central motif, with the legends E Pluribus Unum and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA completing the design, together with the denomination. The initials "FG" appear on the right, near the shrubbery.

text: Lincoln Bicentennial cents (2009)[edit]

text: The Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005 required that the cent's reverse be redesigned in 2009. This resulted in the mintage of four different coins showing scenes from Abraham Lincoln's life in honor of the bicentennial of his birth.

text: These four designs, unveiled September 22, 2008 at a ceremony held at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., are:

text:
Birth and early childhood in Kentucky: this design features a log cabin and Lincoln's birth year 1809. It was designed by Richard Masters and sculpted by Jim Licaretz. This cent was released into circulation on Lincoln's 200th birthday, February 12, 2009, at a special ceremony at LaRue County High School in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln's birthplace.[17] The mintage was extremely low compared to prior years (see Lincoln cent mintage figures). It has been nicknamed the "Log Cabin Penny".
Formative years in Indiana: this design features a young Lincoln reading while taking a break from rail splitting. It was designed and sculpted by Charles Vickers. Nicknamed the "Indiana Penny", it was released on May 14, 2009.[18]
Professional life in Illinois: this design features a young professional Lincoln standing before the Springfield Illinois State Capitol. It was designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Don Everhart. Nicknamed the "Illinois Penny", it was released on August 13, 2009.[18]
Presidency in Washington, D.C.: this design features the half-completed Capitol dome. It was designed by Susan Gamble and sculpted by Joseph Menna. This fourth cent was released to the public on November 12, 2009.[18] U.S. Mint released collector's sets containing this design in copper prior to the public launch of this design in zinc.

text: Special 2009 cents struck for sale in sets to collectors had the metallic copper content of cents minted in 1909 (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc). Those struck for circulation retained the normal composition of a zinc core coated with copper.

text: Union shield cent (2010–present)[edit]

text: The 2005 act that authorized the redesign for the Bicentennial stated that another redesigned reverse for the Lincoln cent will be minted which "shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln's preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country".[19] Eighteen designs were proposed for the reverse of the 2010 cent.[20] On April 16, 2009 the Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) met and selected a design that showed 13 wheat sheaves bound together with a ring symbolizing American unity as one nation.[21] Later this design was withdrawn because it was similar to coinage issued in Germany in the 1920s.[22] The Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee later met and chose a design showing a Union shield with ONE CENT superimposed in a scroll; E Pluribus Unum was also depicted in the upper portion of the shield.[22][23] In June 2009 the CFA met again and chose a design featuring a modern rendition of the American flag.[24] As a part of the release ceremony for the last of the 2009 cents on November 12, the design for the 2010 cent was announced.[25] The design chosen was the one that was chosen earlier by the CCAC.[25] According to the Mint, the 13 stripes on the shield "represent the states joined in one compact union to support the Federal government, represented by the horizontal bar above."[26] The Mint also noted that a shield was commonly used in paintings in the Capitol hallways painted by Constantino Brumidi, an artist in the Capitol active during the Lincoln Presidency.[26] The obverse of the cent was also changed to a modern rendition of Brenner's design.[27][25] The new Union Shield design replaces the Lincoln memorial in use since 1959.[25] The coin was designed by artist Lyndall Bass and sculpted by U.S. Mint sculptor-engraver Joseph Menna.[28] In January 2010, the coins were released early in Puerto Rico;[29] this was caused by a shortage of 2009-dated pennies on the island.[27] The new design was released at a ceremony at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield, Illinois on February 11, 2010.[30]

text: "Capped cents"[edit]

text: To commemorate the Fire at the SS Morro Castle, local coin dealer Louis Werner made copper caps depicting the Morro Castle surrounded by the legend "The Morro Castle Fire" These would then be encased over one side of a Lincoln cent. According to "Mrs. Astor's Horse" by Stanley Walker:

text: Concessionaires inside the hall carried on a lively business. A man at a stamping machine put copper caps on pennies with the head of Lincoln on one side and the inscription ff Morro Castle Fire, September, 1934, Asbury Park" on the other. Postcard sellers in the hall disposed of 150,000 pictures of the burning ship during the first few days after the disaster. As soon as they came off the press, heart-rending poems and ballads about the fire were hawked about.[31]

text: Later, to commemorate the trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, Werner made another design depicting the Hunterdon County Courthouse, where the trial was held, and surrounded by the legend "HAUPTMANN TRIAL, Flemington, NJ."[32] Another part of the text in "Mrs. Astor's Horse" states:

text: A man with a metal press did a fair sort of business. He set up for business on the porch of the hotel. He had constructed a die depicting the Hunterdon County courthouse, surrounded by the legend, Hauptmann Trial, Flemington, N.J. On the stand beside the press lay several hundred bright new pennies and several fine strips of copper. By running the copper strips through the press, together with the pennies, he turned out Lincoln heads backed by the courthouse and the legend. The pieces sold for five cents each, three for a dime.[31]

text: Also, from 1935 to 1938, during the Christmas season, Werner made a design depicting Santa Claus. By donating 10 cents, shoppers in Manhattan would receive these. Additionally, if they donated an extra 5 cents, their cent would come in a greeting card holder.[33] Other capped cents by Werner include commemoratives for Admiral Richard E. Byrd's expedition to the South Pole and Joe Louis. There was also a design featuring the Lord's prayer.

text: Composition[edit]

text: Bronze, 1909–1942. Initially the alloy of the Lincoln cent followed that established for this denomination with the Indian Head design in 1864, 95% copper and 2.5% tin and 2.5% zinc.

text: Wartime zinc-plated steel, 1943. The composition of the Lincoln cent was changed in 1943.

text: Production of the war-time cent was provided for in an Act of Congress approved on December 18, 1942, which also set as the expiration date of the authority December 31, 1946. Low-grade carbon steel formed the base of these coins, to which a zinc coating 0.0005-inch (0.013 mm) thick was deposited on each side electrolytically as a rust preventive. This coating was applied to the steel before the blanks were made, leaving the rims of these coins extremely susceptible to rust. The same size was maintained, but the weight was reduced from the standard 48 grains (3.1 g) to 42 grains (2.7 g), by using a lighter alloy. Production commenced on February 27, 1943, and by December 31 of that year, the three Mint facilities had produced 1,093,838,670 of the one-cent coins. The copper released for the war effort was enough to meet the combined needs of two cruisers, two destroyers, 1,243 Flying Fortresses, 120 field guns and 120 howitzers, or enough for 1,250,000 shells for large field guns.[34][35]

text: Wartime brass, 1944–1946. Numerous complaints about the gray color of the 1943 cents, especially that they could be mistaken for dimes, led to a change in composition of the wartime cent. On January 1, 1944, the Mint was able to adopt a modified alloy, the supply being derived from expended shell casings which, when melted, furnished a composition similar to the original, but with a much smaller trace of tin.[citation needed] The original weight of 48 grains (3.1 g) was also restored.

text: Bronze, 1947–1962. Shell casings were no longer used after 1946 and the original copper-tin-zinc "bronze" composition was again used.

text: Brass, 1962–1982. The composition of the coin was changed again slightly in 1962. Mint officials felt that deletion of the tin content would have no adverse effect on the wearing qualities of the coin, whereas the manufacturing advantages to be gained with the alloy stabilized at 95% copper and 5% zinc would be of much benefit. Congressional authority for this modification is contained in an Act of Congress approved on September 5, 1962.

text: Experimental aluminum cents, 1974. During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to a point where the cent almost contained one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternate metals, including aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and in 1973, a total of 1,579,324 such coins were struck (dated 1974) and ready for public release. A few were distributed to members of the U.S. Congress, but aluminum was ultimately rejected for a variety of reasons. About a dozen aluminum cents are believed to still be in the hands of collectors, although they are now considered illegal to own.[36] One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Another is in the hands of the family of a deceased U.S. Capitol police officer, known as the Toven Specimen, and was certified as authentic in 2005.[37]

text: Copper-plated zinc, 1982–present. In mid-1982, the coin's composition was changed again, this time to copper-plated zinc. The last mostly-copper cents (95% copper metal composition) were produced by the Denver Mint on October 22, 1982. The copper-plated zinc cent coins are still being produced today. They are composed of an inner core alloy of 99.2% zinc and 0.8% copper with an outer plating of pure copper, for an overall composition of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, and are minted on blanks produced for the Mint by an outside manufacturer (Jarden Zinc Products). Except for the new lighter total coin weight of 2.5 grams each, these newer coins are identical in diameter and thickness, and nearly in appearance, to the mostly copper (95%) cents issued before mid-1982, which weighed 3.11 grams each. A few pennies were struck by error in brass dated 1983 and are extremely rare.[38]

text: Matte Proof Lincolns 1909 to 1916[edit]

text: When the Lincoln Cent was introduced in 1909, it was discovered that the coining dies and their curved fields were unable to be polished to proof coining condition by existing Mint equipment. To produce Proof coinage for collectors, the U.S. Mint adopted the French technique of the Matte Proof, which was thought to highlight the design, while leaving the details of the coin as the designer intended. This was done by a sandblasting of the dies prior to use. When struck by the high pressure hydraulic press of the Philadelphia Mint Medal Room, the result was a semi-rough surface, a gentle luster and strongly defined wide square rims. These coins were produced in very small numbers, and the dies quickly developed small marks, known as diagnostics. These marks are used today by Third Party Graders and Collectors to authenticate the coin. Sold for mere pennies over face during the years of production, they were not popular with collectors. When new, the coins were wrapped in a tarnish-proof tissue, which over time proved to be anything but. Since many of these coins sat for decades unsold, vivid colors and toning developed. It is not unusual to see vivid blues, greens, lavender, coppery orange, deep reds and purple hues on these coins. Eagerly collected by numismatists today, they are among the most valuable Lincoln cents. Unencapsulated coins are easily identified by wide, square outer rims, quite unlike the rounded edges of business strikes.

text: Mint errors specific to Lincoln cents[edit]

text: Through mint errors, a number of rare and valuable Lincoln Cents have been produced. Some random errors, such as an off-center strike, slightly increase the value of the coin, and are sought after by niche collectors. However some errors were systemic, and produced a number of coins with exactly the same problem in the same year. These have become recognized varieties that are often extremely valuable and sought after by mainstream collectors.

text: The first Doubled Die error occurred during the production of the 1909 VDB. Not identified until the 1970s, it shows the RTY in Liberty and the 190 of the date slightly doubled. This coin is extremely rare in high grades.

text: In 1922, no one-cent coins were produced by the Philadelphia Mint. However, three of the four pairs of Denver Mint worn and overly polished dies then produced the Weak D and No D varieties, making them appear as if they had been produced in Philadelphia. These varieties are known as the 1922 plain cents or 1922 no "D" cents. Collectors must be wary of removed mint marks.

text: There are a few 1943 cents that were produced in bronze, as opposed to the steel/zinc composition used that year. There are 10 to 12 known to exist.[39] Likewise, a few 1944 cents were produced in steel/zinc.

text: In 1955, a hubbing error caused some cents to get struck with an obverse die which showed doubling in all of the obverse devices, producing a prominent doubling of the date, and to a less noticeable degree, the rest of the obverse. This is known as the 1955 doubled die cent. A similar die error occurred in 1969 on dies used at the San Francisco Mint. While the 1955 doubled die cent is well-known and widely collected, the 1969-S doubled die is far rarer, with an uncirculated specimen selling for as much as $126,500 in a 2008 Heritage auction.[40] The same mechanism produced 1972, 1983, 1984, and 1995 Doubled die cents. Doubled Dies are known for practically every date in the Lincoln cent series, but most are minor, and less impressive compared to the 1955 and the other Doubled Die varieties mentioned here.

text: In 1990, 3,055 proof cents were struck at the San Francisco Mint without the "S" mint mark, making them appear as if they had been struck at the Philadelphia Mint. However, as no proof cents were struck in Philadelphia that year, they are easily distinguishable as errors, and highly valuable.

text: The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1992 at the Philadelphia and Denver mints and some of those minted in 1998 and 1999 at the San Francisco mint feature a smaller-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Close AM variety are valued at $20,000 and $5,000 for the 1992 specimens in gem uncirculated condition and $3,000 and $1,000 for the San Francisco specimens in gem proof condition.

text: The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 in Philadelphia feature a larger-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Wide AM variety are valued at $10, $500, and $5, respectively, in gem uncirculated condition. These reverse die errors are technically "mule" errors, as the reverse error dies were the same as normal proof coins of the same date.

text: Toxicity[edit]

text: Zinc, a major component of mid-1982-and-later U.S. cents, is toxic in large quantities. Swallowing such a coin, which is 97.5% zinc, can cause damage to the stomach lining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach.[41] Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic.[42] Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia.[43] It is also highly toxic in pet parrots and can often be fatal.[44]

text: Numismatics and regulations[edit]

text: It has been suggested that the cent should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons including that many Americans do not actually spend them, but rather only receive them in change at stores and proceed to return them to a bank for higher denomination currencies, or cash them in at coin counting kiosks. Most modern vending machines do not accept pennies, further diminishing their utility, and the production cost (figured in U.S. Dollars) now exceeds the face value of the coin, caused by increasing inflation.[45] In 2001 and 2006, for example, United States Representative Jim Kolbe (R) of Arizona introduced bills which would have stopped production of pennies (in 2001, the Legal Tender Modernization Act, and in 2006, the Currency Overhaul for an Industrious Nation [COIN] Act).[46]

text: In anticipation of the business of melting down U.S. pennies and U.S. nickels for profit, the U.S. Mint, which is a part of the US Department of the Treasury, implemented new regulations[47] on December 14, 2006, which criminalize the melting of pennies and nickels and place limits on export of the coins. Violators can be punished with a fine of up to $10,000 USD and/or imprisoned for a maximum of five years.[48]

text: Metal content and manufacturing costs[edit]

text: The U.S. Mint reported that in fiscal year 2010 the unit cost of producing and shipping one-cent coins was 1.79 cents, which is more than the face value of the coin.[49] After reaching a peak cost of 2.41 cents in 2011 due to the significant rise in global metal demand and prices, recently the cost has declined to 1.83 cents for 2013.[6] In the 2014 fiscal year, the cost to produce a penny declined even further to 1.70 cents.[50]

text: When copper reached a record high in February 2011,[51] the melt value of a 95% copper penny was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 penny contained 2.20325 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals for profit. In comparison, post-1982 copper-plated zinc cents have a metallurgical value of only 0.55152 cents.[52]

text: The Secretary of the Treasury has authority to alter the percentage of copper and zinc in the one-cent coin if needed due to cost fluctuations.[49]