document_title: Susan Mayer

question_text: who gave susan a kidney in desperate housewives

text: Susan Mayer

text: Development and casting[edit]

text: While developing the series, Desperate Housewives creator Marc Cherry envisioned Susan as a girl next door and chose her to convey this image.[6] In the original pilot, the character's surname was spelled "Meyer" but had to be changed to "Mayer" for clearance purposes.[7] Cherry commented, "I knew Susan was going to be my anchor character, and I didn't really know my take on her at first. And then it occurred to me that one of these women should be divorced ... I thought there was something so real about a woman saying, 'I don't have much time left,' and when this available hunky guy moves onto the street, something in her saying 'Let me at him'".[8] The character is a compendium of single mothers in Cherry's life "desperate to land a man".[9] He also drew upon his own personal experiences while creating the character.[10]

text: Julia Louis-Dreyfus expressed interest in the role, but ABC executives felt she was not right for the part.[11] Actors originally considered for the role include Courteney Cox,[12] Calista Flockhart,[12][13] Heather Locklear,[12] Mary-Louise Parker,[12][14] and Sela Ward.[15] Cherry wrote the part with Parker in mind,[16][17] but she rejected the offer, later explaining "it just didn’t feel like I was gonna  [sic] serve it as well as someone else might".[14] Teri Hatcher auditioned for the role in January 2004 and impressed Cherry immediately.[18] After a second audition, Hatcher read for the role in front of network executives. Cherry praised her performance, saying "it was the best audition I've ever seen in network".[16] Hatcher later commented, "I don't think they were hot to hire me for Susan ... I was maybe on a B-list, certainly not an A-list".[19] Despite her reservations, Hatcher was the third reported cast member to have been cast in the series on February 18, 2004.[20]

text: Personality and characteristics[edit]

text:
...[I]t was common knowledge on Wisteria Lane [that] where Susan Mayer went, bad luck was sure to follow. Her misfortunes ranged from the commonplace, to the unusual, to the truly bizarre.

Mary Alice Young[21]

tag: div

text: Susan is primarily characterized as the girl next door. Teri Hatcher stated "I’m not exactly her, but I get her. I get her insecurities, her flaws."[22] She called the character "a great representation of what [everyone] deals with daily. Our responsibilities can be overwhelming and things often don't go as you planned, so you have to roll with it. Susan celebrates rolling with it".[23] She is a hopeless romantic and often expresses her more openly and vulnerably than the other characters in the series.[24][25] The series begins a year after Susan's first divorce, when she is still emotionally raw. Throughout the series, several other characters have confronted Susan about her inability to live happily and without drama.[26][27][28] Susan has a close relationship with her daughter, Julie (Andrea Bowen), who often acts as the parent figure in the relationship.[5][24][29]

text: Susan's accident-proneness is commonly used throughout the series to provide comic relief.[30][31] Her susceptibility to bad luck and embarrassing situations have created some of the series' most memorable moments, including accidentally burning down Edie's house and being locked out of her own house completely naked.[5][32][33] Susan's poor cooking skills have also become a running gag in the series.[24][32][34][35]

text: History[edit]

text: Past[edit]

text: Susan Bremmer was raised by single mother Sophie Bremmer (Lesley Ann Warren). She was told her father was a United States Merchant Marine who died in the Battle of Hanoi during the Vietnam War.[36] She was a cheerleader in high school and graduated as valedictorian of her class.[37][38] She graduated from community college with an art degree.[39][40] Eventually, Susan began writing and illustrating children's books, the first of which was Ants in My Picnic Basket.[41]

text: In her early twenties, Susan married Karl Mayer (Richard Burgi) and gave birth to their daughter, Julie, at age 26.[42] In 1992, the family moved to Wisteria Lane in Fairview, Eagle State, where Susan befriended Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong), her new neighbor.[43] Susan became close friends with Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria) when they moved to Wisteria Lane. In 2003, Karl left Susan for his secretary, Brandi (Anne Dudek).[32][44] The two divorced and agreed to share custody of Julie,[45] although she chose to live primarily with Susan.[46]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: A year after her divorce, Susan takes an interest in Mike Delfino (James Denton), a plumber who has recently moved in across the street. Susan begins dating Mike, despite competition from Edie Britt (Nicollette Sheridan).[32] Meanwhile, Susan begins investigating Mary Alice's suicide after she and her friends discover a blackmail note addressed to her.[32] Later, Susan discovers that Mary Alice's husband, Paul (Mark Moses), had their son, Zach (Cody Kasch), committed to a youth mental institution after he broke into the Van de Kamp house and decorated it for Christmas,[47] Julie begins corresponding with Zach without Susan's knowledge and hides him in her room when he escapes from the institution. When Susan finds Zach in her home, she and Mike return him to Paul;[29] however, Julie and Zach continue dating.[48] Paul fabricates unconvincing lies to thwart Susan's efforts to discover his family's secrets too.[49]

text: As her relationship with Mike progresses, Susan becomes suspicious of his past, especially when she finds a gun and large sums of money in his kitchen cabinets.[50] Additionally, evidence connecting Mike to the murder of Wisteria Lane resident, Martha Huber (Christine Estabrook), surfaces.[51] Susan ends the relationship when police inform her that Mike was convicted of manslaughter and drug trafficking.[52] However, Susan learns the murder was accidental and the two renew their relationship and agree that Mike will move into Susan's house.[53][54] While Mike is away on business, Susan finds Zach, armed with a handgun, in Mike's house. He vows to kill Mike when he comes home as he believes Mike killed Paul.[55]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: When Mike arrives home, Zach's murder scheme backfires and he runs away. Mike informs Susan that he recently learned that Zach is his biological son.[56] Susan agrees to help Mike search for Zach and finds him in a nearby park. When Zach expresses hope of rekindling his romance with Julie, she gives him money to look for Paul in Utah.[57] When Mike finds out about her betrayal, he ends their relationship.[58] Susan decides to write an autobiography following the break-up. While researching her father, she learns that her mother lied and her father is local business owner Addison Prudy (Paul Dooley).[36] She tries to establish a relationship with her reluctant father, but her attempts are effectively unsuccessful.[59]

text: Meanwhile, Susan is dismayed to learn that Karl has moved in with Edie.[60] She begins dating her doctor, Ron McCready (Jay Harrington), who informs her that she has a wandering spleen and will need a splenectomy.[61][62] When Susan learns that her health insurance will not cover the operation, Karl offers to remarry her for his medical benefits. They agree to keep their sham marriage a secret from Edie and Ron.[63] While under anesthesia before her operation, Susan professes her love for Mike to Ron,[64] which prompts Ron to break up with her.[65] Soon after, Karl leaves Edie, as his love for Susan has resurfaced.[66] Upon learning that Susan is the other woman, Edie intentionally sets Susan's house on fire.[67] In this time of need, both Mike and Karl vie for Susan's affections. She chooses to rekindle her relationship with Mike and Karl signs the divorce papers. Susan and Mike then make plans to meet for dinner at nearby Torch Lake, where Mike plans to propose. On his way to dinner, Mike is a victim of a hit-and-run at the hands of Orson Hodge (Kyle MacLachlan),[68] a dentist whom Susan had recently befriended.[27][69]

text: Season 3[edit]

text: As a result of the hit-and-run, Mike falls into a coma.[70] Having waited six months for Mike to wake up, she reluctantly enters a relationship with Ian Hainsworth (Dougray Scott), a British man whose wife, Jane (Cecily Gambrell), has been in a coma for years.[70][71] When Mike finally awakens, doctors conclude that he now suffers from retrograde amnesia. While Susan is out of town, Edie convinces Mike that Susan was horrible to him during their relationship.[72] Mike turns Susan away when she returns to Fairview.[72][73] Having lost hope, Susan continues her romance with Ian.[74] Meanwhile, Susan is suspicious of Orson, who has married Bree and is accused of killing his missing ex-wife, Alma (Valerie Mahaffey).[70][71] When Mike is arrested for the murder of Monique Polier (Kathleen York), Orson's former mistress, Edie breaks up with him, leaving him without bail.[75] Susan defends Mike, which frustrates Ian. He promises to pay for Mike's bail if Susan breaks off all contact with him.[34] Mike is eventually acquitted for the crime.[76] Following Jane's death, Susan accepts Ian's marriage proposal.[77]

text: As he slowly regains his memory, Mike recalls his feelings for Susan and challenges Ian for her affections.[78][79] When Susan learns that the two had made a bet on her in a game of poker, she calls off the wedding and declares that she does not want to see either of them again.[80] Realizing that letting both of them go is a mistake, Susan decides to take Ian back. However, he tells her that he cannot spend the rest of his life wondering if she is still in love with Mike, and he leaves.[81] Susan and Mike reunite and become engaged.[28][82] The couple get married in a private ceremony in the woods, with Julie as their only guest.[83]

text: Season 4[edit]

text: In the fourth season premiere, one month after her wedding, Susan learns that she is pregnant.[84] While looking into their medical histories for the baby's interest, Mike is forced to tell Susan that he lied about his father being dead. Susan visits Mike's father, Nick (Robert Forster), who is in jail for murder. Nick warns Susan that Mike is still troubled by demons of his past.[42] With the stress of finances for the baby, Mike begins working overtime, despite an injury resulting from the hit-and-run over a year ago. He begins relying heavily on painkillers.[85] Susan confronts Mike about his addiction, threatening to leave him if he does not enter rehab; he agrees to admit himself.[86] After a devastating tornado hits Wisteria Lane, Bree, Orson, and their newborn, Benjamin, move into Susan's house temporarily.[87] During his stay, Orson develops a sleep walking habit and unconsciously admits to running over Mike with his car.[88] Susan feels extremely betrayed and Bree, unable to forgive Orson, asks him to move out.[89] Shortly after, Susan gives birth to a boy,[90] whom she names Maynard, after Mike's deceased grandfather.[91]

text: Five-year jump[edit]

text: In the five years that take place between seasons four and five, Susan and Mike are involved in a car crash that kills a mother and her daughter.[92] Although Susan was driving, Mike takes the blame, as Susan did not have her license with her at the time.[93] Susan feels incredibly guilty for taking the lives of Lila (Marie Caldare) and Paige Dash (Madeleine Michelle Dunn), but Mike insists it was not their fault. The argument over the topic becomes so great that it results in divorce.[94] Giving up on love, Susan engages in a casual relationship with her house painter, Jackson Braddock (Gale Harold).[94]

text: Season 5[edit]

text: While Susan manages to keep her relationship with Jackson a secret from her friends and her son, nicknamed M.J., Jackson seeks a deeper connection with her.[92] Soon enough, Mike and M.J. learn about the relationship.[95] Jackson makes the sudden announcement that he is moving to nearby Riverton for work and asks Susan to come with him.[96] After much consideration, Susan decides that she is unsure of what she wants and turns down Jackson's offer.[97] Also, Mike moves across the street from Susan and begins dating her close friend and neighbor, Katherine Mayfair (Dana Delany).[98][99] Realizing she cannot keep Mike from being happy, she gives the couple her blessing, despite still feeling uncomfortable.[99] Susan and Mike decide to enroll M.J. in private school, and Susan takes a job as an assistant art teacher at the school to help pay for the tuition.[100] With both Susan and Mike employed, M.J. spends more time under Katherine's care, which makes Susan uneasy. She is heartbroken to learn that Mike and Katherine have decided to move in with one another and become engaged.[101][102]

text: Susan attempts to console Edie's husband, Dave Williams (Neal McDonough), following Edie's death. She explains the truth behind her own accident, completely unaware that Lila and Paige Dash were Dave's wife and daughter, respectively, and that he had been seeking revenge on Mike since moving to Wisteria Lane.[93] Meanwhile, Jackson returns to Fairview and proposes to Susan, revealing that his visa has expired and he needs to marry an American citizen.[103] When Susan learns that Mike, who is engaged to Katherine, will no longer have to pay alimony once she is married, she explains the false pretenses of her engagement. Dave, who now understands that Susan was driving the car that killed his family, overhears this and reports Jackson to immigration officials.[102] With Jackson out of the picture, Dave invites Susan and M.J. on a fishing trip,[104] planning to kill M.J. just like Susan killed his own child.[105] Mike discovers Dave's plans and is able to save Susan and M.J. After the ordeal, Susan and Mike share a brief, yet romantic kiss. Dave is sent to a psychiatric hospital in Boston and two months later, Mike marries an unidentified bride.[105][106][107]

text: Season 6[edit]

text: Susan is identified as Mike's bride in the sixth season premiere.[108][109][110] Her marriage to Mike destroys her friendship with Katherine. After the wedding, Julie is strangled outside of Susan's home.[108] Julie slips into a coma following her attack.[111] While waiting for her to awaken, Susan learns that Julie had dropped out of medical school, was involved with a married man, and had a pregnancy scare before her attack.[111][112] When Julie awakens, she refuses to identify the married man she was seeing.[112] Later in the season, Julie's attacker is revealed to be Eddie Orlofsky (Josh Zuckerman), a local young adult who is also responsible for a handful of murders in Fairview.[40][113] Prior to the attack, Susan had taken Eddie on as an art student and he developed a crush on her. When he discovered that she was remarrying Mike and that she did not see him as a romantic suitor, he attacked Julie, mistaking her for Susan.[40]

text: Katherine continues to pursue Mike, believing that he is still in love with her.[114] Mike warns her to leave his family alone and claims he never truly loved her. After he leaves, Katherine calls 9-1-1 asking for an ambulance, and then stabs herself with a knife with Mike's fingerprints on it.[115] Katherine frames Mike for her wound. Susan, realizing that Katherine has suffered a total nervous breakdown, calls Katherine's daughter, Dylan (Lyndsy Fonseca), who comes to town and has her mother committed for psychiatric observation.[116] Susan later forgives Katherine once she recovers from her breakdown.[117] Soon after, Mike reveals that he has accumulated an immense debt in the past year.[113][118][119] Unable to balance their debt, Susan and Mike decide to move off Wisteria Lane and rent their house out temporarily.[120] They move into an apartment across town while Paul Young rents their house on Wisteria Lane.[121]

text: Season 7[edit]

text: Susan accepts an offer from her landlady, Maxine Rosen (Lainie Kazan), to appear on a website in which she does housework in her lingerie in order to make ends meet, though she keeps her new job a secret from her friends and family.[122] Soon after, Maxine's site is merged with a larger company that uses Susan's image to advertise the website on billboards across the country. Susan pays the company $9,000 to have the billboards removed.[123] As a result, she begins working for the website's video chatting services to earn back the money. Paul discovers her secret and threatens to expose it unless she sells him her home, in which he now lives with his second wife, Beth (Emily Bergl).[124] Hoping to derail Paul's blackmail scheme, Susan tells Mike about her job on the website. Paul retaliates by spreading the word about Susan's involvement with the website, causing her to lose her teaching job. Strapped for money, Mike accepts a job on an oil rig in Alaska and Susan becomes Lynette's nanny.[125][126]

text: After purchasing a majority of the houses on Wisteria Lane, Paul announces that he plans to open a halfway house for ex-convicts on the street. A protest against his plan escalates into a violent riot and Susan is trampled by the unruly crowd.[127] As a result, Susan loses a kidney and learns that her second kidney is deformed and she is at severe risk of renal failure. Susan reluctantly agrees to undergo dialysis while waiting for a transplant.[128] After Paul throws her out, Beth submits paperwork indicating that in the event of her death, her kidney would be given to Susan, and then commits suicide.[129] Despite initial refusal, Paul allows the operation to move forward and he and Susan reconcile.[130] After discovering that Paul has been depressed following Beth's suicide, Susan begins cooking meals for him with the assistance of Felicia Tilman (Harriet Sansom Harris), Beth's mother and Martha Huber's sister, who secretly adds antifreeze to the food in an effort to kill him.[131] Paul nearly dies as a result of the poisoned food. Unaware that Felicia is helping prepare his meals, Paul has Susan arrested for attempting to kill him.[132] Eventually, Susan is released, Paul confesses to the murder of Martha Huber, and Felicia presumably dies in a car crash while fleeing town.[133] Susan and her family move back onto Wisteria Lane. During a dinner party, Gabrielle's former stepfather, Alejandro (Tony Plana), who raped her during her childhood, attempts to harm Gabrielle until her husband, Carlos Solis (Ricardo Antonio Chavira) kills him. Susan, Lynette, and Bree agree to help cover up the crime.[134]

text: Season 8[edit]

text: Susan begins to withdraw from her friends and family out of guilt for having helped cover up Alejandro's death.[135] She bonds with Carlos over their mutual guilt.[136] When Mike begins suspecting Susan and Carlos are having an affair, they agree to tell him the truth about the cover-up.[137] Soon after, Susan begins taking an art class with renowned painter, Andre Zeller (Miguel Ferrer), and discovers that her guilt has given her a renewed artistic ability.[138] In a series of paintings, Susan depicts the scene of Alejandro's death and subsequent burial, arousing the suspicion of Detective Chuck Vance (Jonathan Cake), Bree's embittered ex-boyfriend assigned to investigate Alejandro's disappearance.[139] She briefly considers moving to New York to explore new career opportunities, but ultimately decides against it.[140] In an effort to ease her guilt, Susan visits Alejandro's wife and stepdaughter, Claudia (Justina Machado) and Marisa (Daniela Bobadilla), respectively, and write them a check to help their financial misfortune, which only arouses Claudia's suspicions.[141] Claudia confronts Susan and Gabrielle about Alejandro's disappearance, but agrees to stop prying after learning that he had been sexually abusing Marisa.[142]

text: In "Is This What You Call Love?", Susan learns that Julie is six months pregnant and has no relationship with the baby's father. To her dismay, Julie plans to put the child up for adoption.[143] When Susan discovers that Lynette's son, Porter (Max Carver), is the father, she supports his decision to raise the child himself.[144] In "You Take for Granted", Mike is murdered by a vengeful loan shark.[145] The final episodes of the series deal with Susan grieving and eventually moving on from Mike's death.[146][147][148] In the series finale, Julie gives birth to a daughter, whom she now plans on keeping. Susan sells her home on Wisteria Lane and she and M.J. move to help Julie raise the baby.[149]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical[edit]

text: In the first season of Desperate Housewives, the character of Susan was a critics' favorite and generally regarded as the series' most prominent role.[150] Hatcher's portrayal as Susan received praise in the series' first year. Tim Goodman of the San Francisco Chronicle called Hatcher's performance in the pilot episode "a huge surprise," commenting that she gives "self-effacing, disheveled and sadly hopeless Susan a spirit that makes you root for her".[151] Robert Bianco of USA Today declared that Hatcher delivered "a revelatory performance".[152] Heather Havrilesky of Salon.com was less enthusiastic, criticizing Hatcher for overacting.[153] In the series' second season, Susan becomes less important as Bree "comfortably moves into position as the show's lead".[154] Many critics noted that the character suffered as a result of the declining quality of the second season. Bianco wrote that the writers were making Susan "too stupid".[155] Hatcher continued to provide comic relief in the third season.[156][157]

text: By season four, critics thought that Susan's storylines were the least interesting and that she had not "operated at full potential since [her] pivotal role in the debut season".[158] Bianco was more forgiving, stating that while "Susan's silliness sometimes spirals out of control, Teri Hatcher usually manages to keep her likable".[159] As a result of the five-year time jump between seasons four and five, a new direction was taken with Susan's character. The Stat-Legend's Alan Sepinwall calls Susan's character arc in season five the "least annoying storyline she's had in at least three years".[160] However, Tanner Stransky of Entertainment Weekly still felt the character was "ever-annoying".[161] In the series' sixth season, Stransky stated that Susan was still "whiny" and he would have rather seen Mike marry Katherine, though he was not surprised when the mystery bride was revealed to be Susan.[162] Entertainment Weekly named her one of the "21 Most Annoying TV Characters Ever".[163]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Hatcher won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Comedy Series in 2005,[164] beating out fellow cast members Marcia Cross and Felicity Huffman. Also that year, Hatcher received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Comedy Series.[165] In 2005, Hatcher, along with Cross and Huffman, received a nomination for a Satellite Award in the Best Television Actress in a Musical or Comedy Series.[166] She was also nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series,[167] but was beaten out by Huffman.[168] In 2006, Hatcher was once again nominated for the Golden Globe Award in the same category, along with Cross, Huffman, and Eva Longoria. All four Desperate Housewives stars lost to Mary-Louise Parker.[164] Hatcher was also nominated for a Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress and a People's Choice Award for Favorite Female TV Star.

text: Controversy[edit]

text:
The producers of 'Desperate Housewives' and ABC Studios offer our sincere apologies for any offense caused by the brief reference in the season premiere. There was no intent to disparage the integrity of any aspect of the medical community in the Philippines ... As leaders in broadcast diversity, we are committed to presenting sensitive and respectful images of all communities featured in our programs.

Apology issued by ABC on October 3, 2007[169]

text: ABC and the Desperate Housewives producers faced criticism following the September 30, 2007[170] fourth season premiere in which the character of Susan made a controversial remark about Filipino doctors. When her gynecologist suggests that she may be entering menopause, Susan responds "OK, before we go any further, can I check these diplomas? Just to make sure they aren't, like, from some med school in the Philippines?"[169] Following its broadcast, viewers demanded an apology from the network.[169] ABC issued an apology on October 3, but the controversy grew to an international concern and Health Secretary Francisco Duque III of Manila publicly sought an apology from the series' producers.[169] Protests against the network and series were staged, prompting ABC to remove the episode from digital and online platforms in order to apply edits.[169] As a result, the line of controversy was removed from all future broadcasts of the episode, as well as from DVD productions. However, protests continued even after this action was taken.[170] The scene with the line in question is still viewable on YouTube.[171]

text: Cultural influences and merchandise[edit]

text: Nicole Parker portrayed Susan in a Desperate Housewives parody on an episode of MADtv. Susan's klutziness is mocked in the skit.[172] Colette Whitaker voices Susan in the Desperate Housewives computer game, which was released in October 2006. In 2007, Madame Alexander released a line of 16-inch fashion dolls of the series' main characters, including Susan.[173]


document_title: Lagaan (soundtrack)

question_text: how many song tracks are there in the movie lagaan

root

text: Lagaan (soundtrack)

text:
Lagaan: The Official Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by A. R. RahmanReleased
6 April 2001 (2001-04-06)[1]Recorded
2000–2001Panchathan Record Inn, ChennaiGenre
Feature film soundtrack, world music, western classical musicLength
41:58Label
Sony MusicProducer
A. R. RahmanA. R. Rahman chronology

Love You Hamesha(2001)Love You Hamesha2001

Lagaan(2001)

Star(2001)Star2001

tag: table

text: The acclaimed soundtrack of the film  Lagaan (also called Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India) was composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. There are six songs and two instrumental pieces in this film. Rahman incorporated several music styles and genres to create the soundtrack.

tag: p

text: Upon release, the soundtrack became highly popular, with all songs becoming huge hits. It also received high critical acclaim, with many reviewers stating it as a "Magnum Opus" by A. R. Rahman. It is described as one of Rahman's finest and most successful works to date. The rich background score of the film also got great critical acclaim and is said to have contributed immensely to the film's success.

text: Track listing[edit]

text: No.TitleSinger(s)Length1."Ghanan Ghanan"Udit Narayan, Sukhwinder Singh, Alka Yagnik, Shankar Mahadevan, Shaan, Chorus6:112."Mitwa"Udit Narayan, Sukhwinder Singh, Alka Yagnik, Srinivas6:473."Radha Kaise Na Jale"Asha Bhosle, Udit Narayan, Vaishali Samant, Chorus5:344."O Rey Chhori"Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, Vasundhara Das5:595."Chale Chalo"A. R. Rahman, Srinivas, Chorus6:406."Waltz for a Romance (in 'A' Major)" (Instrumental) 2:297."O Paalanhaare"Lata Mangeshkar, Sadhana Sargam, Udit Narayan & Choruses5:198."Lagaan..... Once Upon a Time in India"Anuradha Sriram, ChorusStrings arranged by R. Prasanna4:12Total length:41:58

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Los Angeles Times said that the "songs and dances are not mere interludes inserted in the action, bringing it to a halt—a Bollywood trademark—but are fully integrated into the plot and marked by expressive, dynamic singing and dancing that infuse a historical drama with energy and immediacy."[2] A review of the tracks suggests that "the music is true to the time period (the British Raj)".[3] Another review said: "A. R. Rahman is again at his prodigious best. His score for Aamir Khan's period drama Lagaan is a delectable blend of Indian classical music, folk melodies and jazzy snazzy tunes."[4] The reviewer of Screen India said, "Great music, heard after a long time, which elevates your senses. That Rahman's among the best is proved here."[5] The soundtrack was ranked No. 44 on Amazon.com's "The 100 Greatest World Music Albums of All Time".[6][7] The soundtrack won 3 National Film Awards in three categories. A. R. Rahman won the award for the best music, Udit Narayan won the Best Male Playback Singer Award for "Mitwa" and Javed Akhtar won the Best Lyrics Award for "Ghanan Ghanan" and "Radha Kaise Na Jale".[8] Lagaan also became the biggest audio hit of the year by topping the music charts and selling 3.5 million records within a year.[9] According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 28,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's fourth highest-selling.[10]


document_title: If Loving You Is Wrong (TV series)

question_text: who plays esperanza on if loving you is wrong

text: If Loving You Is Wrong (TV series)

text: Series Overview[edit]

text: If Loving You Is Wrong is loosely based on Perry's 2014 film The Single Moms Club. Actress Zulay Henao reprised her movie role of Esperanza, although her character and storyline was rebooted for the TV series. It was officially ordered straight-to-series on January 9, 2014.[3][4][5] It premiered on September 9, 2014, on the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), and the first half of the first season finale aired on November 4, 2014.[5][6][7]

text: The series premiere was the highest-rated in OWN history, setting a new record over The Haves and the Have Nots. The second half of the first season aired on March 24, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season with 22 more episodes. The second season premiered on September 22, 2015. The second half premiered on March 15, 2016. OWN renewed the series for a third season. The third season of the series premiered on September 13, 2016.[8] The second half of the third season premiered on March 21, 2017. On August 29, 2017, OWN announced the show's return for the fourth season, which will premiere on September 19, 2017.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Amanda Clayton as Alex Montgomery, a housewife who is married to businessman, Brad. She has two children with him, Peter and Paisley, after which he had a vasectomy. She was caught having an affair with her next door neighbor, Randall, which ends her friendship with Randall's wife Marcie and prompts Brad to leave her. She gave birth to a third child, a son, who may be Randall's son, born from their affair.[5]
Matt Cook as Joey Blackman, Natalie's son who was released from jail. Somewhat naïve in a lot of things while getting used to being out of jail, and is often hovered over by his mother with whom he works with at her place of business, Burger Fast.
Edwina Findley as Kelly Issacs, a single and working mother to a young son named Justice. She is being pursued by a man named Travis, despite his being engaged to someone he met while in Haiti.[5]
Tiffany Haddish as Jackie (season 1), Natalie's loyal assistant at Burger Fast. A very business-savy woman.
Heather Hemmens as Marcie Holmes, a real estate agent and Randall's unhappy wife, who is angry with Alex for her affair with Randall. Gets even with both of them by embarking on a revenge affair with Brad. She demands that Randall divorce her; he refuses because he still loves her, but also loves Alex.[5] In the third season, it is revealed that Marcie is pregnant, but with Brad's child.
Zulay Henao as Esperanza Willis, ex-wife of Edward, a 911 dispatcher for the city of Maxine. Mother of a daughter named Mika with Edward. When she began dating Julius, he immediately became a target of Edward's rage and jealousy, which is later justified as he is the relative of a drug-cartel leader, which constantly places her and Mika in danger.[5]
April Parker Jones as Natalie Henning, a single working mother of four kids who manages a fast food place called Burger Fast. Often hovers over her oldest son, Joey.[5]
Eltony Williams as Dr. Randall Holmes, Marcie's estranged husband, a psychologist. He has an affair with Alex, which destroys both his marriage to Marcie and his friendship with Brad. With the affair out in the second season premiere he is attacked by both Eddie and Brad. Later that night Brad destroys Randall's boat and comes at him with an axe and the two begin to fight as Brad pulls out a gun and shots are fired. In season three Randall gets a dose of his own medicine when he finds Marcie and Brad begin a revenge affair and having sex in his shed where he had his affair with Alex. He refuses to divorce Marcie, because he wants to have both women in his life. In the season three finale it was revealed that Randall is not the father of Alex's newborn baby boy.[5]
Aiden Turner as Brad Montgomery, a former Royal Marine who fought in Iraq with Alex's cousin, Eddie and later became a businessman and married Alex. Now a businessman who was unaware of his wife's affair with his friend, Randall until the second season premiere. He gets into a fight with Randall, demolishes his boat and nearly kills him. He eventually leaves Alex and he begins a revenge affair with Marcie. Brad is the father of Peter and Paisley his children with Alex, Brad had a vasectomy after Paisley's birth, which gives credence to Randall being the father of Alex's newborn son.[5]
Joel Rush as Edward “Eddie” Willis, Esperanza's ex, Alex's cousin and Brad's friend. A former U.S. Marine and a very corrupt police officer for the city of Maxine. He has a daughter named Mika with Esperanza. He still intends to control her life although he himself is remarried and has kids with a woman named Yolanda, who would eventually leave him as well. Later revealed that he is still in love with Esperanza, which drives him to behave the way he does, and is also a recovering cocaine addict.[5]
Octavio Pizano as Julius Escada Jr., Esperanza's new boyfriend, a target of the jealous Edward's rage, in this case, justifiably, as he is the relative of a Drug-Cartel leader, and Edward is concerned for the safety of Esperanza and, more importantly, his daughter, Mika.[5]
Charles Malik Whitfield as Lushion Morgan, Natalie's fiancé and the father of her youngest son, Frankie. He's a rookie cop with Eddie, who has a hostile working relationship with him, due to his corrupt ways. However, he still has enough loyalty to save him from a drive by shooting.[5]
Denzel Wells as Travis Cain, Kelly's love interest, who is away on a relief mission in Haiti. Upon his return, he reveals that he got engaged to another woman while in Haiti and left Kelly. However, he has second thoughts, and ends his engagement. He then pursues Kelly anew, although she is very disinterested. In season three, he becomes very angry and hostile towards Kelly.
Dawan Owens as Quan (seasons 1-3), Joey's old running buddy who is not liked by Lushion and Natalie, and at times, Joey himself. In season 3 he is killed during a shoot-out with Joey, who was seriously injured but survives.

tag: ul

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Brianne Davis as Yolanda, Edward's new wife who would, like Esperanza did, leave him. An alcoholic, she absolutely despises Esperanza, and the two women often quarrel. Has two children (one an unnamed older daughter) with Edward, and is Mika's stepmother.[9]
Claudette Ortiz as Claudia, a new addition to the 911 emergency service who is also the half-sister of Quan.
Jasmine Guy as Mattaline Cain, Travis' mother who did not approve of Kelly, but later accepts her.
Judi Blair as Faun, daughter of Mr. Kym, owner of Burger Fast. Faun is friendly with Joey, who works at Burger Fast with Natalie and Jackie.
Clayton Landey as Captain Daniel Mackey, the immediate superior of Edward and Lushion and the head of the Maxine Police Department.
Sharon Conley as Sally
Celine Areu as Mika Willis, the daughter of Eddie and Esperanza.
Chase Wainscott as Peter Montgomery, the son and oldest child of Brad and Alex.
Ashlyn Are as Paisley Montgomery, the daughter and youngest child of Brad and Alex.
Trevante Rhodes as Ramsey Walters, Kelly's new neighbor, to whom she is attracted.
Chris V. Pipkin as Pete Davis, a rookie cop who takes it upon himself to investigates Ben's shooting.
Andrea Frye as Louise Holmes, Randall's mother. Tries to be a peace barrier for Marcie and Randall.
Jordan Wiseley as Ben Bryant, a drug addict and rookie cop who works under Eddie.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
20
September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
May 26, 2015 (2015-05-26)

2
22
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
May 24, 2016 (2016-05-24)

3
22
September 13, 2016 (2016-09-13)
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)

4
18
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
TBA


document_title: What's New, Scooby-Doo?

question_text: who made the what new scooby doo theme song

text: What's New, Scooby-Doo?

text: Production[edit]

text: For this incarnation of the franchise, Frank Welker, the voice of Fred, took over as Scooby's voice (replacing both Don Messick, the original voice of Scooby, who died in 1997 and Scott Innes, the second voice of the character in the made-for-video films released between 1998 and 2001). Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, seven years after he had quit the role; Grey DeLisle returned as Daphne's voice (having previously voiced the character in Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase). Actress Mindy Cohn of The Facts of Life fame, took over from B. J. Ward as Velma's voice.

text: The series itself is a modernized version of the original Where Are You! series. It takes place in the 21st century and is more "realistic" than the previous, more cartoony incarnations, and features music from contemporary genres and all-new, original sound effects to replace the classic Hanna-Barbera sound effects. Even a distinctive thunderclap sound that was used frequently on older Scooby-Doo TV series was very rarely used on the series. A laugh track was only used for the Halloween special. The classic formula was also frequently parodied throughout (in a manner similar to A Pup Named Scooby-Doo), including the line "And I would've gotten away with it too, if it weren't for you meddling kids." As such, it returns to the formulaic version of humans in monster disguises, rather than the real monsters and ghosts of the prior four direct-to-video films (or the 1980s versions that preceded them).

text: The show was produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the successor to Warner Bros. Cartoons which was the studio famous for bringing the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies to life, which had by this time absorbed Hanna-Barbera Productions on March 12, 2001, after being bought by Time Warner from Turner Broadcasting System since their merger on October 10, 1996. As is the standard for other classic Hanna-Barbera properties (Yogi Bear, The Flintstones, Wacky Races, etc.), the studio is still credited as the copyright owner, and Joseph Barbera, co-founder and co-chairman of the Hanna-Barbera studios, served as an executive producer alongside Sander Schwartz. Barbera's longtime partner William Hanna had died the year before.

text: The band Simple Plan is strongly connected to What's New, Scooby-Doo?. They perform the theme song (written by Rich Dickerson), and appeared as themselves in the episode "Simple Plan and the Invisible Madman". Two of their songs appeared in chase scenes: "I'd Do Anything" in the episode "It's Mean, It's Green, It's the Mystery Machine" and "You Don't Mean Anything" in "Simple Plan and the Invisible Madman", which also had the song "The Worst Day Ever" serve as the song the band plays during a scene where they practice, and a scene where they are in concert. Also, they contributed to the theatrical movie Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed.

text: What's New aired for three seasons on The WB Television Network's "Kids' WB" programming block as a half-hour program, before being put on an indefinite hiatus in 2005, although the last episode, "E-Scream", was aired on Cartoon Network.[citation needed] Reruns have been shown on both Cartoon Network and its sister channel Boomerang. Each season contained thirteen normal episodes and one holiday-themed special. It also debuted[timeframe?] on Boomerang and Cartoon Network in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In the United Kingdom, it also aired on CBBC, but currently airs on CITV.[citation needed]

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Fred Jones: The leader of the Mystery, Inc. gang who is the master of making traps to catch the villains. However, sometimes the traps fail to work when Shaggy and Scooby mess them up then use the parts to catch the villain in their own fashion. Voiced by Frank Welker.
Daphne Blake: The fashionable, rich glamor girl of the gang who defends herself with her great fighting skills. She is also quite ditzy and accident prone. Voiced by Grey DeLisle.
Velma Dinkley: The smartest of the gang, and wears glasses because she is myopic. She has to fight back the advances of semi-recurring Gibby Norton, who does devious things, thinking it will win her over. Voiced by Mindy Cohn.
Shaggy Rogers: A beatnik teenager who is best friends with Scooby. He and Scooby are usually scared and hungry; a running gag in the show. He is also known to have a high metabolism, and also is rich. At his voice actor's request, Shaggy was made into a vegetarian for this series.[1][2] Voiced by Casey Kasem.
Scooby-Doo: A cowardly, clumsy Great Dane who is best friends with Shaggy Rogers. Two things that they have in common are that they love food and are always afraid of things including monsters. Voiced by Frank Welker.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Characters in the series who appear more than once.

text:
Elliot Blender: A competitive, jerkish spoiled child who often loses to Velma in contests. Voiced by Kimberly Brooks.
Melbourne O'Reilly: An Australian adventurer/explorer who is one of Fred's heroes (he is also based on Steve Irwin and Indiana Jones) Voiced by Steven Blum.
J.J. Hakimoto: A famous, over enthusiastic, Asian director. Voiced by Brian Tochi.
Gibby Norton: A nerd who has a crush on Velma, who hates the sight of him. He often turns out to be the villain to impress Velma, never succeeding. Gibby is modelled after his voice actor, Eddie Deezen.
Burr Batson: Cocky southern professional racer who drives a monster truck. Voiced by James Arnold Taylor.
Professor Laslow Ostwald: An inventor whom the gang meets. Voiced by Dave Foley, later by James Arnold Taylor. He first appears in "High-Tech House of Horrors" where his "House of the Future's" AI "Shari" goes haywire attacking tourists. Though the gang suspects him it is later revealed that "Shari" itself is responsible (as she was angry at the Professor due to him getting all of the attention). The gang defeated "Shari" by ignoring her (as attention was what she wanted) causing her to overload. Professor Ostwald also appears in "E-Scream" at a "Video Game Convention" where his new invention the cuddly "Osomons" turn evil. It is later discovered that the whole mystery was actually a VR simulation Velma was trying out.
The Hex Girls: Thorn, Dusk and Luna, are the members of the famous eco-goth rock band, The Hex Girls, with whom Scooby and the gang are acquainted with, due to being prominent side characters in Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost. Thorn is voiced by Jennifer Hale, Dusk by Jane Wiedlin and Luna by Kimberly Brooks.
Mr. B: The owner of the Secret Six puppies. His full name is never revealed. Voiced by Jeff Bennett. He also appears to be based on actor John Turturro given his accent and appearance.
Crissie: A Golden Retriever who is the Secret Six's mother.
The Secret Six puppies: Maize, Flax, Jingle, Knox, 14-Carat and Bling-Bling. They are six very well-trained, prize-winning Golden Retriever puppies who have a knack for getting into trouble. Maize and Knox are voiced by Jennifer Hale, Jingle is voiced by Colleen O'Shaughnessey, Flax is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker, Bling-Bling is voiced by Grey DeLisle, and 14-Carat is voiced by Frank Welker.
Nancy Chang: Reporter in episodes "There's No Creature Like Snow Creature" and "Riva Ras Regas". Voiced by Lauren Tom.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Frank Welker as Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo
Casey Kasem as Shaggy Rogers
Mindy Cohn as Velma Dinkley
Grey DeLisle as Daphne Blake

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Spin-off films[edit]

text: Seven spin-off movies set in the same style and animation of the series with the same voice cast as before, which continued after the series ended in 2006, up until 2009.

text: The films in order are: The Loch Ness Monster (2004), Aloha, Scooby-Doo! (2005), Where's My Mummy? (2005), Pirates Ahoy! (2006), Chill Out, Scooby-Doo! (2007), The Goblin King (2008) and The Samurai Sword (2009).

text: Home media releases[edit]

text: Warner Home Video has released the entire series on DVD in Region 1. The series was initially released in ten volumes of four or five episodes between 2003–2006, as well as in the United Kingdom from 2004–2006 and later re-released, in the United States, in season sets in 2007–2008.[3][4][5] In the UK, the volumes were released in a two disc set on May 30, 2011.[6] A box set was released on October 29, 2007 in the UK containing all ten volumes in a complete set.[7]

text: Season sets[edit]

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Complete 1st Season
14
February 20, 2007 (2007-02-20)

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Complete 2nd Season
14
June 5, 2007 (2007-06-05)

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Complete 3rd Season
14
January 8, 2008 (2008-01-08)

text: UK volume sets[edit]

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date

What's New, Scooby-Doo?: The Complete Collection
42
October 29, 2007 (2007-10-29)

What's New, Scooby-Doo?: A Scary Space & A Swinging Face
8
May 30, 2011 (2011-05-30)

What's New, Scooby-Doo?: Movie Monsters & A Magic Mummy
May 30, 2011 (2011-05-30)

What's New, Scooby-Doo?: Top Dog & A Hot Dog
10
May 30, 2011 (2011-05-30)

What's New, Scooby-Doo?: Ghouls, Fools and Food & A Grief on a Reef
8
May 30, 2011 (2011-05-30)

What's New, Scooby-Doo?: Spooky Case and a Mad Race
May 30, 2011 (2011-05-30)

text: Volume releases[edit]

text:
US DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date
Episodes Featured

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 1: Space Ape at the Cape
4
August 19, 2003 (2003-08-19)

"There's No Creature Like Snow Creature"
"3-D Struction"
"Space Ape at the Cape"
"Big Scare in the Big Easy"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 2: Safari So Goodi!
4
March 9, 2004 (2004-03-09)

"It's Mean, It's Green, It's the Mystery Machine"
"Riva Ras Regas"
"Roller Ghoster Ride"
"Safari, So Goodi!"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 3: Halloween Boos and Clues
4
August 10, 2004 (2004-08-10)

"The Vampire Strikes Back"
"Mummy Scares Best"
"High-tech House of the Future"
"She Sees a Sea Monster by the Sea Shore"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 4: Merry Scary Holiday
4
October 5, 2004 (2004-10-05)

"A Scooby Doo Christmas"
"Toy Scary Boo"
"Homeward Hound"
"Recipe for Disaster"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 5: Sports Spooktacular
4
June 14, 2005 (2005-06-14)

"The Unnatural"
"The Fast and the Wormious"
"Wrestle Maniacs"
"Diamonds Are Ghoul's Best Friend"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 6: Monster Matinee
4
August 9, 2005 (2005-08-09)

"A Scooby-Doo Halloween"
"San Franpsycho"
"New Mexico, Old Monster"
"Big Appetite in Little Tokyo"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 7: Ghosts on the Go
4
November 8, 2005 (2005-11-08)

"Large Dragon at Large"
"It's All Greek to Scooby"
"Pompeii and Circumstance"
"Ready to Scare"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 8: Zoinks! Camera! Action!
4
February 21, 2006 (2006-02-21)

"Lights! Camera! Mayhem"
"E-Scream"
"Simple Plan and the Invisible Madman"
"A Scooby-Doo Valentine"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 9: Route Scary 6
5
June 6, 2006 (2006-06-06)

"Fright House of a Lighthouse"
"Go West Young Scoob"
"Farmed and Dangerous"
"Gentlemen Start Your Monsters"
"Camp Comeoniwannascareya" (Bonus episodes)

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 10: Monstrous Tails
5
December 5, 2006 (2006-12-05)

"Uncle Scooby and Antarctica!"
"Block-Long Hong Kong Terror"
"Reef Grief"
"Gold Paw"
"A Terrifying Round with a Menacing Metallic Clown" (Bonus episodes)

UK DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date
Episodes Featured

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 1: Space Ape at the Cape
4
May 3, 2004 (2004-05-03)

"There's No Creature Like Snow Creature"
"3-D Struction"
"Space Ape at the Cape"
"Big Scare in the Big Easy"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 2: Safari, So Goodi!
4
June 28, 2004 (2004-06-28)

"It's Mean, It's Green, It's the Mystery Machine"
"Riva Ras Regas"
"Roller Ghoster Ride"
"Safari, So Goodi!"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 3: Lights! Camera! Mayhem!
4
June 20, 2005 (2005-06-20)

"She Sees Sea Monsters by the Sea Shore"
"Toy Scary Boo"
"Lights! Camera! Mayhem!"
"Pompeii and Circumstance"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 4: Mummy Scares Best!
4
July 18, 2005 (2005-07-18)

"The Unnatural"
"Big Appetite in Little Tokyo"
"Mummy Scares Best"
"The Fast and the Wormious"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 5: Homeward Hound
5
October 24, 2005 (2005-10-24)

"High-Tech House of Horrors"
"The Vampire Strikes Back"
"Homeward Hound"
"The San Franpsycho"
"Simple Plan and the Invisible Madman"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 6: Recipe for Disaster
5
November 21, 2005 (2005-11-21)

"Recipe for Disaster"
"Large Dragon at Large"
"Uncle Scooby and Antarctica"
"New Mexico, Old Monster"
"It's All Greek to Scooby"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 7: Ready to Scare
4
April 10, 2006 (2006-04-10)

"Wrestle Maniacs"
"Diamonds Are a Ghoul’s Best Friend"
"Ready to Scare"
"A Scooby-Doo Valentine"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 8: E-Scream
4
May 29, 2006 (2006-05-29)

"Block-Long Hong Kong Horror"
"Gold Paw"
"Reef Grief!"
"E-Scream"

What's New, Scooby-Doo? Volume 9: Fright House of a Lighthouse
4
July 24, 2006 (2006-07-24)

"Go West, Young Scoob"
"Fright House of a Lighthouse"
"Farmed and Dangerous"
"Camp Comeoniwannascareya"

What's New, Scooby Doo? Volume 10: Gentlemen, Start Your Monsters
4
November 20, 2006 (2006-11-20)

"Gentleman, Start Your Monsters"
"A Scooby-Doo Halloween"
"A Scooby-Doo Christmas"
"A Terrifying Round with a Menacing Metallic Clown"


document_title: List of NRL Grand finals

question_text: who won last year's nrl grand final

question_tokens: who won last year 's nrl grand final

text: List of NRL Grand finals

text: This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (February 2016)

text: All but 12 of the National Rugby League's (and its predecessors') 108 seasons had the premiers decided by the outcome of one final game, usually called a grand final.

text: The minor premiership is determined by who finishes first at the end of the season before the finals.

text: The premierships not decided by a grand final were determined by league ladder position.

text: Since 1954 the grand final was officially sanctioned as the only way to determine the premiership,[1] but it had been commonplace for decades before that.

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Score
Runner-up
Referee(s)
Ground
Attendance

1908 NSWRFL Final
29 Aug
South Sydney Rabbitohs1908 !South Sydney
14–12
Sydney Roosters1908 !Eastern Suburbs
C. Hutchison
RAS Showground, Sydney (now called Moore Park Showground)
4,000

1910 NSWRFL Final
17 Sep
Newtown
4–4
South Sydney
B. Finegan
RAS Showground, Sydney
14,000

1911 NSWRFL Final
16 Sep
Sydney Roosters1911 !Eastern Suburbs
11–8
Glebe
T. McMahon, Sr
RAS Showground, Sydney
20,000

1916 NSWRFL Final
26 Jul
Balmain
5–3
South Sydney Rabbitohs1916 !South Sydney
A. Farrow
SCG, Sydney
7,000

1922 NSWRFL Final
6 Sep
North Sydney
35–3
Glebe
T. McMahon, Sr
SCG, Sydney
15,000

1923 NSWRFL Final
12 Sep
Sydney Roosters1923 !Eastern Suburbs
15–12
South Sydney Rabbitohs1923 !South Sydney
T. McMahon, Sr
SCG, Sydney
15,000

1924 NSWRFL Final
29 Jul
Balmain
3–0
South Sydney Rabbitohs1925 !South Sydney
W. Neill
SCG, Sydney
15,000

1926 NSWRFL Final
18 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1926 !South Sydney
11–5
University
W. Neill
RAS Showground, Sydney
20,000

1927 NSWRFL Final
17 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1927 !South Sydney
20–11
St George
W. Neill
RAS Showground, Sydney
8,000

1928 NSWRFL Final
15 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1928 !South Sydney
26–5
Sydney Roosters1928 !Eastern Suburbs
L. Deane
RAS Showground, Sydney
25,000

1929 NSWRFL Final
14 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1929 !South Sydney
30–10
Newtown
L. Deane
Sports Ground, Sydney
16,360

1930 NSWRFL Final
4 Oct
Western Suburbs
27–2
St George
L. Deane
Sports Ground, Sydney
12,178

1931 NSWRFL Final
12 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1931 !South Sydney
12–7
Sydney Roosters1931 !Eastern Suburbs
L. Deane
Sports Ground, Sydney
27,104

1932 NSWRFL Final
24 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1932 !South Sydney
19–12
Western Suburbs
L. Deane
Sports Ground, Sydney
16,925

1933 NSWRFL Final
9 Sep
Newtown
18–5
St George
B. Fry
Sports Ground, Sydney
18,080

1934 NSWRFL Final
8 Sep
Western Suburbs
15–12
Sydney Roosters1934 !Eastern Suburbs
J. Murphy
Sports Ground, Sydney
25,174

1935 NSWRFL Final
14 Sep
Sydney Roosters1935 !Eastern Suburbs
19–3
South Sydney Rabbitohs1935 !South Sydney
T. McMahon, Jr
SCG, Sydney
22,106

1936 NSWRFL Final
12 Sep
Sydney Roosters1936 !Eastern Suburbs
32–12
Balmain
L. Deane
SCG, Sydney
14,395

1938 NSWRFL Final
3 Sep
Canterbury
19–6
Sydney Roosters1938 !Eastern Suburbs
T. McMahon, Jr
SCG, Sydney
20,287

1939 NSWRFL Final
2 Sep
Balmain
33–4
South Sydney Rabbitohs1939 !South Sydney
G. Bishop
SCG, Sydney
26,972

1940 NSWRFL Final
31 Aug
Sydney Roosters1940 !Eastern Suburbs
24–14
Canterbury
J. O'Brien
SCG, Sydney
24,167

1941 NSWRFL Final
30 Aug
St George
31–14
Sydney Roosters1941 !Eastern Suburbs
T. McMahon, Jr
SCG, Sydney
39,957

1942 NSWRFL Final
12 Sep
Canterbury
11–9
St George
J. O'Brien
SCG, Sydney
26,171

1943 NSWRFL Final
4 Sep
Newtown
34–7
North Sydney
J. O'Brien
SCG, Sydney
60,922

1944 NSWRFL Final
16 Sep
Balmain
12–8
Newtown
J. O'Brien
SCG, Sydney
24,186

1945 NSWRFL Final
1 Sep
Sydney Roosters1945 !Eastern Suburbs
22–18
Balmain
T. McMahon, Jr
SCG, Sydney
44,585

1946 NSWRFL Final
14 Sep
Balmain
13–12
St George
G. Bishop
Sports Ground, Sydney
32,296

1947 NSWRFL Final
20 Sep
Balmain
13–9
Canterbury
J. O'Brien
Sports Ground, Sydney
29,292

1948 NSWRFL Grand Final Chall.
18 Sep
Western Suburbs
8–5
Balmain
G. Bishop
Sports Ground, Sydney
29,122

1949 NSWRFL Grand Final Chall.
10 Sep
St George
19–12
South Sydney Rabbitohs1949 !South Sydney
G. Bishop
SCG, Sydney
56,534

1950 NSWRFL Final
16 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1950 !South Sydney
21–15
Western Suburbs
T. McMahon, Jr
Sports Ground, Sydney
32,373

1951 NSWRFL Grand Final Chall.
23 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1951 !South Sydney
42–14
Manly Warringah
J. O'Brien
Sports Ground, Sydney
28,505

1952 NSWRFL Grand Final Chall.
20 Sep
Western Suburbs
22–12
South Sydney Rabbitohs1952 !South Sydney
G. Bishop
SCG, Sydney
41,060

1953 NSWRFL Final
12 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1953 !South Sydney
31–12
St George
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
44,581

1954 NSWRFL Grand Final
18 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1954 !South Sydney
23–15
Newtown
J. O'Brien
SCG, Sydney
45,759

1955 NSWRFL Grand Final
17 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1955 !South Sydney
12–11
Newtown
C. Pearce
SCG, Sydney
42,466

1956 NSWRFL Grand Final
8 Sep
St George
18–12
Balmain
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
61,987

1957 NSWRFL Grand Final
21 Sep
St George
31–9
Manly Warringah
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
54,399

1958 NSWRFL Grand Final
13 Sep
St George
20–9
Western Suburbs
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
62,283

1959 NSWRFL Grand Final
15 Aug
St George
20–0
Manly Warringah
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
49,457

1960 NSWRFL Grand Final
3 Sep
St George
31–6
Sydney Roosters1960 !Eastern Suburbs
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
53,156

1961 NSWRFL Grand Final
16 Sep
St George
22–0
Western Suburbs
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
61,196

1962 NSWRFL Grand Final
15 Sep
St George
9–6
Western Suburbs
J. Bradley
SCG, Sydney
41,184

1963 NSWRFL Grand Final
24 Aug
St George
8–3
Western Suburbs
D. Lawler
SCG, Sydney
69,860

1964 NSWRFL Grand Final
19 Sep
St George
11–6
Balmain
C. Pearce
SCG, Sydney
61,369

1965 NSWRFL Grand Final
18 Sep
St George
12–8
South Sydney Rabbitohs1965 !South Sydney
C. Pearce
SCG, Sydney
78,056

1966 NSWRFL Grand Final
17 Sep
St George
23–4
Balmain
C. Pearce
SCG, Sydney
61,129

1967 NSWRFL Grand Final
16 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1967 !South Sydney
12–10
Canterbury
C. Pearce
SCG, Sydney
56,358

1968 NSWRFL Grand Final
21 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1968 !South Sydney
13–9
Manly Warringah
C. Pearce
SCG, Sydney
54,255

1969 NSWRFL Grand Final
20 Sep
Balmain
11–2
South Sydney Rabbitohs1969 !South Sydney
K. Page
SCG, Sydney
58,825

1970 NSWRFL Grand Final
19 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1970 !South Sydney
23–12
Manly Warringah
D. Lancashire
SCG, Sydney
53,241

1971 NSWRFL Grand Final
18 Sep
South Sydney Rabbitohs1971 !South Sydney
16–10
St George
K. Holman
SCG, Sydney
62,838

1972 NSWRFL Grand Final
16 Sep
Manly Warringah
19–14
Sydney Roosters1972 !Eastern Suburbs
K. Page
SCG, Sydney
54,357

1973 NSWRFL Grand Final
15 Sep
Manly Warringah
10–7
Cronulla
K. Page
SCG, Sydney
52,044

1974 NSWRFL Grand Final
21 Sep
Sydney Roosters1974 !Eastern Suburbs
19–4
Canterbury
L. Bruyeres
SCG, Sydney
57,214

1975 NSWRFL Grand Final
20 Sep
Sydney Roosters1975 !Eastern Suburbs
38–0
St George
L. Bruyeres
SCG, Sydney
63,047

1976 NSWRFL Grand Final
18 Sep
Manly Warringah
13–10
Parramatta
G. Cook
SCG, Sydney
57,343

1977 NSWRFL Grand Final
17 Sep
St George
9–9
Parramatta
G. Cook
SCG, Sydney
65,959

1977 NSWRFL Grand Final Rep.
24 Sep
St George
22–0
Parramatta
G. Cook
SCG, Sydney
47,828

1978 NSWRFL Grand Final
16 Sep
Manly Warringah
11–11
Cronulla
G. Hartley
SCG, Sydney
51,510

1978 NSWRFL Grand Final Rep.
19 Sep
Manly Warringah
16–0
Cronulla
G. Hartley
SCG, Sydney
33,552

1979 NSWRFL Grand Final
22 Sep
St George
17–13
Canterbury
G. Hartley
SCG, Sydney
50,991

1980 NSWRFL Grand Final
27 Sep
Canterbury
18–4
Sydney Roosters1980 !Eastern Suburbs
G. Hartley
SCG, Sydney
52,881

1981 NSWRFL Grand Final
27 Sep
Parramatta
20–11
Newtown
G. Hartley
SCG, Sydney
57,333

1982 NSWRFL Grand Final
26 Sep
Parramatta
21–8
Manly Warringah
J. Gocher
SCG, Sydney
52,186

1983 NSWRFL Grand Final
25 Sep
Parramatta
18–6
Manly Warringah
K. Roberts
SCG, Sydney
40,285

1984 NSWRL Grand Final
23 Sep
Canterbury
6–4
Parramatta
K. Roberts
SCG, Sydney
47,076

1985 NSWRL Grand Final
29 Sep
Canterbury
7–6
St George
K. Roberts
SCG, Sydney
44,569

1986 NSWRL Grand Final
28 Sep
Parramatta
4–2
Canterbury
M. Stone
SCG, Sydney
45,843

1987 NSWRL Grand Final
27 Sep
Manly Warringah
18–8
Canberra
M. Stone
SCG, Sydney
50,201

1988 NSWRL Grand Final
11 Sep
Canterbury
24–12
Balmain
M. Stone
SFS, Sydney (now called Allianz Stadium)
40,000

1989 NSWRL Grand Final
24 Sep
Canberra
19–14
Balmain
B. Harrigan
SFS, Sydney
40,500

1990 NSWRL Grand Final
23 Sep
Canberra
18–14
Penrith
B. Harrigan
SFS, Sydney
41,535

1991 NSWRL Grand Final
22 Sep
Penrith
19–12
Canberra
B. Harrigan
SFS, Sydney
41,815

1992 NSWRL Grand Final
27 Sep
Brisbane
28–8
St George
G. McCallum
SFS, Sydney
41,560

1993 NSWRL Grand Final
26 Sep
Brisbane
14–6
St George
G. McCallum
SFS, Sydney
42,329

1994 NSWRL Grand Final
25 Sep
Canberra
36–12
Canterbury
G. McCallum
SFS, Sydney
42,234

1995 ARL Grand Final
24 Sep
Canterbury
17–4
Manly Warringah
E. Ward
SFS, Sydney
41,127

1996 ARL Grand Final
29 Sep
Manly Warringah
20–8
St George
D. Manson
SFS, Sydney
40,985

1997 Super League Grand Final
20 Sep
Brisbane Broncos
26–8
Cronulla
B. Harrigan
QEII Stadium, Brisbane
58,912

1997 ARL Grand Final
28 Sep
Newcastle
22–16
Manly Warringah
D. Manson
SFS, Sydney
42,482

1998 NRL Grand Final
27 Sep
Brisbane
38–12
Canterbury
B. Harrigan
SFS, Sydney
40,857

1999 NRL Grand Final
26 Sep
Melbourne
20–18
St George Illawarra
B. Harrigan
Stadium Aus., Sydney (now called ANZ Stadium)
107,999

2000 NRL Grand Final
27 Aug
Brisbane
14–6
Sydney Roosters2000 !Sydney Roosters
B. Harrigan
Stadium Aus., Sydney
94,277

2001 NRL Grand Final
30 Sep
Newcastle
30–24
Parramatta
B. Harrigan
Stadium Aus., Sydney
90,414

2002 NRL Grand Final
6 Oct
Sydney Roosters2002 !Sydney Roosters
30–8
Warriors
B. Harrigan
Stadium Aus., Sydney
80,130

2003 NRL Grand Final
5 Oct
Penrith
18–6
Sydney Roosters2003 !Sydney Roosters
B. Harrigan
Stadium Aus., Sydney
81,166

2004 NRL Grand Final
3 Oct
Canterbury
16–13
Sydney Roosters2004 !Sydney Roosters
T. Mander
Stadium Aus., Sydney
82,127

2005 NRL Grand Final
2 Oct
Wests Tigers
30–16
North Queensland
T. Mander
Stadium Aus., Sydney
82,453

2006 NRL Grand Final
1 Oct
Brisbane
15-8
Melbourne
P. Simpkins
Stadium Aus., Sydney
79,609

2007 NRL Grand Final
30 Sep
Melbourne
34–8
Manly Warringah
T. Archer
Stadium Aus., Sydney
81,392

2008 NRL Grand Final
5 Oct
Manly Warringah
40–0
Melbourne
T. Archer
Stadium Aus., Sydney
80,388

2009 NRL Grand Final
4 Oct
Melbourne
23–16
Parramatta
T. Archer, S. Hayne
Stadium Aus., Sydney
82,538

2010 NRL Grand Final
3 Oct
St George Illawarra
32–8
Sydney Roosters2010 !Sydney Roosters
T. Archer, S. Hayne
Stadium Aus., Sydney
82,334

2011 NRL Grand Final
2 Oct
Manly Warringah
24–10
Warriors
M. Cecchin, T. Archer
Stadium Aus., Sydney
81,988

2012 NRL Grand Final
30 Sep
Melbourne
14-4
Canterbury
T. Archer, B. Cummins
Stadium Aus., Sydney
82,976

2013 NRL Grand Final
6 Oct
Sydney Roosters
26-18
Manly-Warringah
S. Hayne, B. Cummins
Stadium Aus., Sydney
81,491

2014 NRL Grand Final
5 Oct
South Sydney Rabbitohs
30-6
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
S. Hayne, G. Sutton
Stadium Aus., Sydney
83,833

2015 NRL Grand Final
4 Oct
North Queensland
17-16
Brisbane
G. Sutton, B. Cummins
ANZ Stadium, Sydney
82,758

2016 NRL Grand Final
2 Oct
Cronulla
14-12
Melbourne
M. Checcin, B. Cummins
ANZ Stadium, Sydney
83,625

2017 NRL Grand Final
1 Oct
Melbourne
34 - 6
North Queensland
M. Checcin, G. Sutton
ANZ Stadium, Sydney
79,722


document_title: Dollar General

question_text: when was the first dollar general store opened

text: Dollar General

text: History[edit]

text: J.L. Turner and Son: 1939–1964[edit]

text: Dollar General has its origins in Scottsville, Kentucky from James Luther "J.L." Turner and Cal Turner. James Turner's father died in an accident in 1902 when James was only 11. James had to quit school and never completed his education so he could work the family farm and help provide for his mother and siblings. After two unsuccessful attempts at retailing, James became a traveling dry goods salesman for a Nashville wholesale grocer. James left the sales job after 10 years and settled his family in Scottsville, Kentucky. During the Great Depression, he began buying and liquidating bankrupt general stores. James' only child Cal Turner accompanied his father to these closeouts at a young age, gaining valuable business knowledge and skills.[6]

text: In October 1939, James and Cal opened J.L. Turner and Son with an initial investment of $5,000 each. The switch to retailing resulted in annual sales above $2 million by the early 1950s. By the mid-1950s Turner had 35 department stores in Kentucky and Tennessee. In 1955 Cal Turner developed his idea of a retail store selling goods for a dollar, based on the Dollar Days promotions held at other department stores, by converting Turner's Department Store in Springfield, Kentucky into the first Dollar General Store.[7] In 1964 J.L. Turner died leaving his son Cal Turner to succeed him.

text: The company Cal Turner co-founded went public as Dollar General Corporation in 1968, posting annual sales of more than $40 million and net income in excess of $1.5 million. In 1977, Cal Turner, Jr., who joined the company in 1965 as the third generation Turner, succeeded his father as president of Dollar General. Cal Jr.[8] led the company until his retirement in 2002. Under his leadership, the company grew to more than 6,000 stores and $6 billion in sales. In 1997 a distribution center was established in South Boston, Virginia.[9]

text: In 2000 Dollar General opened a new corporate headquarters in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. By the end of 2000 sales at Dollar General exceeded $4 billion.[10] The distribution center in Homerville, Georgia was closed in April 2000 and operations were moved to a new distribution center in Alachua, Florida.[11]

text: Cal Jr. retired in 2002 and was succeeded by David Perdue in 2003.[12]

text: Dollar General entered the grocery market with the establishment of Dollar General Market in 2003.[13] In 2004 Dollar General expanded to low-cost Asian markets by opening a sourcing office in Hong Kong.[14]

text: On June 21, 2007 CEO David Perdue announced his resignation leaving David Bere as interim CEO.[15] One month later all shares of Dollar General stock were acquired by private equity investors for $22 per share. An investment group consisting of affiliates of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), GS Capital Partners (an affiliate of Goldman Sachs), Citigroup Private Equity and other co-investors completed an acquisition of Dollar General Corporation for a total enterprise value of $7.3 billion.

text: As a part of the transition to a privately held company, Dollar General assessed each location at the end of its lease against a model known as "EZ Stores". This assessment included evaluating whether the location had a loading dock, garbage dumpsters, adequate parking, and acceptable profitability. Stores that did not pass this evaluation were relocated or closed. Over 400 stores were closed as part of this initiative.[16]

text: Dollar General filed on August 20, 2009 for an initial public offering of up to $750 Million turning the company once again into a publicly traded corporation.[17][18] In 2013 Dollar General started selling cigarettes in response to its competitor Family Dollar selling cigarettes in 2012.[19][20] Dollar General's 12th distribution center opened on May 31, 2014 in Bethel, Pennsylvania to serve the northeast and midwest stores.[21] On August 18, 2014, Dollar General lodged a competing bid of $9.7 billion against Dollar Tree for Family Dollar. The bid was rejected on August 20, 2014 by the Family Dollar board, which said it would proceed with the deal with Dollar Tree.[22]

text: On June 3, 2015, Chief Operating Officer Todd Vasos replaced Rick Dreiling as chief executive. Dreiling remained as senior advisor and chairman until his retirement in January 2016.[23] Dollar General's 13th distribution center opened in San Antonio, Texas on June 6, 2016 with a local investment of $100 million and the creation of over 500 jobs.[24] In September 2015, the Janesville City Council, in Wisconsin, approved an agreement to bring a Dollar General distribution center to the town. The center created more than 500 jobs in the area and became the 14th Dollar General distribution center.[25]

text: On September 15, 2016, Dollar General announced plans to hire 10,000 new employees and open 900 new stores in fiscal 2016 and 1,000 in fiscal 2017. Dollar General had operated 13,000 stores as of August 2016.[26] Dollar Express and all of its 323 locations were acquired by Dollar General in April 2017.[27] In Jackson, Georgia, Dollar General will open a 15th distribution center in fall 2017 to serve stores in Georgia and the surrounding state.[28]

text: In 2017, Dollar General began construction for its 16th distribution center in Amsterdam, New York. The distribution center is to cost $91 million and is expected to create 400 jobs in Montgomery County, New York.[29] Dollar General plans to open 900 new stores in 2018.[30] Also in 2017, Dollar General acquired Dollar Express, a spinoff from the Family Dollar-Dollar Tree deal, and converted the store.[31]

text: A second distribution center will be established in Texas with a planned opening in 2019. The distribution center will be located in Longview, Texas and will bring 400 jobs to the area.[32]

text: Major sponsorships[edit]

text: Auto racing[edit]

text: For several years, Dollar General has had a connection with motorsports, particularly in NASCAR. The company is currently a primary sponsor for Joe Gibbs Racing. Dollar General sponsored Brian Vickers in the Nationwide Series in 2013. Dollar General became a primary sponsor for Matt Kenseth in the Sprint Cup Series starting in 2013.[33] Dollar General and Turner (formerly Braun Racing) have been partnered together since 2008, with the team previously sponsoring cars for Frank Cicci Racing and Kevin Harvick Incorporated. In 2010, Dollar General sponsored some races in the Camping World Truck Series for Kyle Busch Motorsports with Kyle Busch in the No. 18 Toyota Tundra and sponsored Kyle Busch's Motorsports No. 51 Toyota Tundra for four races in 2014 with Busch driving three and Erik Jones driving one.[34] Dollar General was the title sponsor for Nationwide Series races held in Charlotte every fall, Chicagoland every summer, and Phoenix in the spring. On May 23, 2016, Dollar General announced they would withdraw its sponsorship from NASCAR at the end of the 2016 season.[35]

text: Dollar General is also active in the Verizon IndyCar Series since 2008, serving as the primary sponsor for owner/driver Sarah Fisher's Sarah Fisher Racing team.[36] In 2010, both Fisher and Graham Rahal drove part-time for the team finishing 9th at the Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg. Fisher also led the field at the Peak Antifreeze & Motor Oil Indy 300 at Chicagoland Speedway. In 2011, Dollar General continued to sponsor Sarah Fisher Racing, the team was still part-time but Ed Carpenter drove for nines races starting at the 2011 Indianapolis 500. Since 2012 Dollar General is no longer a sponsor for Sarah Fisher's Sarah Fisher Racing.[37]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Dollar General became the sponsor of the Dollar General Bowl, formerly the GoDaddy Bowl, in 2016.[38]

text: Store brands[edit]

text: Dollar General created its abbreviation, the letters "DG", as a store brand for "inexpensive" household products sold through the Dollar General stores. DG is also the company's NYSE ticker symbol.

text: In 2010, Dollar General was able to outbid the famous Italian Fashion House Dolce and Gabbana that sells very expensive fashion products under another "DG" label in the acquisition of the "DG" symbol as the Internet address. The domain "DG.com" was purchased in a private sale from EMC Corporation, the successor to the defunct Data General computer manufacturer in June 2010, making Dollar General the 107th large company in the world to own their initials as a 2-letter Internet address. The DG symbol is used by the company for a variety of in-house products called DG Home,[39] DG Baby,[40] DG Health and DG Body.

text: In 2017, Dollar General secured an exclusive contract to sell Jolt Cola in its stores.[41]

text: Dollar General uses the Clover Valley store brand for grocery products and the Smart & Simple brand for low-end discount products.

text: Rexall[edit]

text: The brand name Rexall was first established in 1903 by Louis K. Liggett that gradually became a powerhouse as a pharmaceutical drug store chain.[42] In March 2010 Dollar General became the exclusive retailer for Rexall products. Rexall vitamins and supplements began appearing at Dollar General stores in March and by Fall 2010 a full line of Rexall products was available at Dollar General.[43]

text: Corporate affairs[edit]

text: Board of Directors[edit]

text: Dollar General Board of Directors as of July 2017 are: Michael M. Calbert (Chairman of the Board), Todd Vasos (CEO), Warren Bryant, Sandra Cohen, Patricia Fili-Krushel, Paula Price, William Rhodes III, and David Rickard.[44]

text: Operations[edit]

text: Dollar General has over 12,500 stores in 43 states.[45] Dollar General also has 14 distribution centers in 14 states.[46]

text:
(As of 2017)
Stores
Distribution centers

Alabama
654
1

Arizona
89
0

Arkansas
362
0

California
164
1

Colorado
31
0

Connecticut
28
0

Delaware
41
0

Florida
733
1

Georgia
708
1

Illinois
451
0

Indiana
428
1

Iowa
188
0

Kansas
210
0

Kentucky
456
1

Louisiana
493
0

Maine
14
0

Maryland
113
0

Massachusetts
22
0

Michigan
353
0

Minnesota
66
0

Mississippi
411
1

Missouri
436
1

Nebraska
97
0

Nevada
24
0

New Hampshire
16
0

New Jersey
87
0

New Mexico
80
0

New York
336
1 (Fall 2018)

North Carolina
667
0

Ohio
658
1

Oklahoma
389
1

Oregon
5
0

Pennsylvania
555
1

Rhode Island
3
0

South Carolina
457
1

South Dakota
24
0

Tennessee
644
0

Texas
1296
1

Utah
7
0

Vermont
30
0

Virginia
334
1

West Virginia
198
0

Wisconsin
126
1

text: Subsidiaries[edit]

text: Dolgencorp[edit]

text: Dolgencorp is a wholly owned subsidiary of Dollar General Corporation. Dollar General brand products are manufactured under the Dolgencorp subsidiary.[47]

text: Dollar General Global Sourcing[edit]

text: In 2004 a Dollar General office was opened in Hong Kong to oversee the global sourcing operations through exporting and importing products of Dollar General related goods.[48]

text: Dollar General Literacy Foundation[edit]

text: Since 1993, Dollar General has provided funding of literacy and education programs through its subsidiary Dollar General Literacy Foundation. It has awarded over $135 million in grants to nonprofit organizations as of July 2017.[49]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Financial irregularities[edit]

text: On April 30, 2001, Dollar General Corp was liable for making false statements or failing to disclose adverse facts about the company's financial results,[51] and paid $162 million for settlement.

text: On April 30, 2001, Dollar General announced to restate its earnings for the past three fiscal years, due to accounting irregularities including allegations of fraudulent behavior.[52]

text: On March 3, 2005, Dollar General announced to restate its results for 2000 through 2003, due to a clarification of lease-accounting matters issued by the SEC.[53]

text: OSHA 2014 and 2016 fines[edit]

text: In November 2014, Dollar General was fined $51,700 by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) following an inspection of a Brooklyn, MS branch of the store. The statement from OSHA notes that Dollar General has had repeated health and safety violations: "Since 2009, OSHA has conducted 72 inspections of Dollar General nationwide. Of those inspections, 39 have resulted in citations."[54] In April 2016, OSHA reported that further citations had been given to the store for exposing employees to the risk of electrical hazards due to missing face plates on electrical outlets. The store was fined $107,620.[55] In December 2016, OSHA has noted that some Dollar General stores continued to block fire exits with merchandise disregarding safety violations resulting in several fines.[56]

text: Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians[edit]


document_title: Tết

question_text: what do you say for vietnamese new year

question_tokens: what do you say for vietnamese new year

text: Tết

text: Customs[edit]

text: Vietnamese people usually return to their families during Tết. Some return to worship at the family altar or visit the graves of their ancestors in their homeland. They also clean the graves of their family as a sign of respect. Although Tết is a national holiday among all Vietnamese, each region and religion has its own customs.

text: Tết in the three Vietnamese regions can be divided into three periods, known as Tất Niên (penultimate New Year's Eve), Giao Thừa (New Year's Eve), and Tân Niên (the New Year), representing the preparation before Tết, the eve of Tết, and the days of and following Tết, respectively.

text: The New Year[edit]

text: The first day of Tết is reserved for the nuclear family. Children receive a red envelope containing money from their elders. This tradition is called mừng tuổi (happy new age) in the north and lì xì in the south. Usually, children wear their new clothes and give their elders the traditional Tết greetings before receiving the money. Since the Vietnamese believe that the first visitor a family receives in the year determines their fortune for the entire year, people never enter any house on the first day without being invited first. The act of being the first person to enter a house on Tết is called xông đất, xông nhà or đạp đất, which is one of the most important rituals during Tết. According to Vietnamese tradition, if good things come to the family on the first day of the lunar New Year, the entire following year will also be full of blessings. Usually, a person of good temper, morality, and success will be the lucky sign for the host family and be invited first into the house. However, just to be safe, the owner of the house will leave the house a few minutes before midnight and come back just as the clock strikes midnight to prevent anyone else entering the house first who might potentially bring any unfortunate events in the new year to the household. TET HOLIDAYS

text: Sweeping during Tết is taboo or xui (unlucky), since it symbolizes sweeping the luck away; that is why they clean before the new year. It is also taboo for anyone who experienced a recent loss of a family member to visit anyone else during Tết.

text: During subsequent days, people visit relatives and friends. Traditionally but not strictly, the second day of Tết is usually reserved for friends, while the third day is for teachers, who command respect in Vietnam. Local Buddhist temples are popular spots as people like to give donations and to get their fortunes told during Tết. Children are free to spend their new money on toys or on gambling games such as bầu cua cá cọp, which can be found in the streets. Prosperous families can pay for dragon dancers to perform at their house. Also, public performances are given for everyone to watch.

text: Traditional celebrations[edit]

text: These celebrations can last from a day up to the entire week, and the New Year is filled with people in the streets trying to make as much noise as possible using firecrackers, drums, bells, gongs, and anything they can think of to ward off evil spirits. This parade will also include different masks, and dancers hidden under the guise of what is known as the Mua Lan or Lion Dancing. The Lan is an animal between a lion and a dragon, and is the symbol of strength in the Vietnamese culture that is used to scare away evil spirits. After the parade, families and friends come together to have a feast of traditional Vietnamese dishes, and share the happiness and joy of the New Year with one another. This is also the time when the elders will hand out red envelopes with money to the children for good luck in exchange for Tết greetings.

text: It is also tradition to pay off your debts before the Lunar New Year for some Vietnamese families.[2]

text: Decorations[edit]

text: Traditionally, each family displays cây nêu, an artificial New Year tree consisting of a bamboo pole 5 to 6 m long. The top end is usually decorated with many objects, depending on the locality, including good luck charms, origami fish, cactus branches, etc.

text: At Tết, every house is usually decorated by Yellow Apricot blossoms (hoa mai) in the central and southern parts of Vietnam; or peach blossoms (hoa đào) in the northern part of Vietnam; or St. John's wort (hoa ban) in the mountain areas. In the north, some people (especially the elite in the past[citation needed]) also decorate their house with a plum blossoms (also called hoa mai in Vietnamese, but referring to a totally different species from mickey-mouse blossoms[citation needed]). In the north or central, the kumquat tree is a popular decoration for the living room during Tết. Its many fruits symbolize the fertility and fruitfulness for which the family hopes in the coming year.

text: Vietnamese people also decorate their homes with bonsai and flowers such as chrysanthemums (hoa cúc), marigolds (vạn thọ) symbolizing longevity, cockscombs (mào gà) in southern Vietnam and paperwhites (thủy tiên) and pansies (hoa lan) in northern Vietnam. In the past was a tradition where people tried to make their paperwhites bloom on the day of the observance.

text: They also hung up Dong Ho paintings and thư pháp calligraphy pictures.

text: Greetings[edit]

text: The traditional greetings are "Chúc Mừng Năm Mới" (Happy New Year) and "Cung Chúc Tân Xuân", (gracious wishes of the new spring). People also wish each other prosperity and luck. Common wishes for Tết include:

text:
Sống lâu trăm tuổi (long life of 100 years): used by children for elders. Traditionally, everyone is one year older on Tết, so children would wish their grandparents health and longevity in exchange for mừng tuổi or lì xì.
An khang thịnh vượng (安康興旺, security, good health, and prosperity)
Vạn sự như ý (萬事如意, may myriad things go according to your will)
Sức khỏe dồi dào (Plenty of health)
Tiền vô như nước (may money flow in like water): used informally
Cung hỉ phát tài (恭喜發財, Congratulations and be prosperous)
Năm mới thắng lợi mới : New year, new triumphs (often heard in political speech)
Chúc hay ăn chóng lớn : Eat more, grow rapidly (for children)
Năm mới thăng quan tiến chức : I wish that you will get promoted in the new year
Năm mới toàn gia bình an: I wish that the new year will bring health to all your family

text: Food[edit]

text: In Vietnamese language, to celebrate Tết is to ăn Tết, literally meaning "eat Tết", showing the importance of food in its celebration. Some of the food is also eaten year-round, while other dishes are only eaten during Tết. Also, some of the food is vegetarian since it is believed to be good luck to eat vegetarian on Tết. Some traditional foods on Tết are:

text:
Bánh chưng and bánh tét: essentially tightly packed sticky rice with meat or bean fillings wrapped in dong (Phrynium placentarium) leaves. When these leaves are unavailable, banana leaves can be used as a substitute. One difference between them is their shape. Bánh chưng is the square-shaped one to represent the Earth, while bánh tét is cylindrical to represent the moon. Also, bánh chưng is more popular in the northern parts of Vietnam, so as bánh tét is more popular in the south. Preparation can take days. After moulding them into their respective shapes (the square shape is achieved using a wooden frame), they are boiled for several hours to cook. The story of their origins and their connection with Tết is often recounted to children while cooking them overnight.
Hạt dưa: roasted watermelon seeds, also eaten during Tết
Dưa hành: pickled onion and pickled cabbage
Củ kiệu: pickled small leeks
Mứt: These dried candied fruits are rarely eaten at any time besides Tết.
Kẹo dừa: coconut candy
Kẹo mè xửng: peanut brittle with sesame seeds or peanuts
Cầu sung dừa Đủ xoài: In southern Vietnam, popular fruits used for offerings at the family altar in fruit arranging art are the custard-apple/sugar-apple/soursop (mãng cầu), coconut (dừa), goolar fig (sung), papaya (đu đủ), and mango (xoài), since they sound like "cầu sung vừa đủ xài" ([We] pray for enough [money/resoures/funds/goods/etc.] to use) in the southern dialect of Vietnamese.
Thịt Kho Nước Dừa Meaning "meat stewed in coconut juice", it is a traditional dish of pork belly and medium boiled eggs stewed in a broth-like sauce made overnight of young coconut juice and nuoc mam. It is often eaten with pickled bean sprouts and chives, and white rice.
Xôi Gấc: traditionally a red sticky rice that is typically prepared by steaming and sweetened lightly, typically paired with Chả lụa (most common type of sausage in Vietnamese cuisine, made of pork and traditionally wrapped in banana leaves.)[3]

text: Games and entertainment[edit]

text: People enjoy traditional games during Tết, including: bầu cua cá cọp, cờ tướng, ném còn, chọi trâu, and đá gà. They also participate in some competitions presenting their knowledge, strength, and aestheticism, such as the bird competition and ngâm thơ competition.

text: Fireworks displays have also become an traditional part of a Tết celebration in Vietnam. During the New Year's Eve, fireworks displays at major cities, such as Hà Nội, Ho Chi Minh City, and Da Nang, are broadcast through multiple national and local TV channels, accompanied by New Year wishes of the incumbent president. In 2017, fireworks display has been banned due to political and financial reasons.

text: Gặp nhau cuối năm (Year-end Gathering) is a national favourite comedy show broadcast during the night before the New Year's Eve.

text: Dates in Lunar Calendar[edit]

text: From 1996 to 2067.

text:
Zodiac
Gregorian date

Tý (Rat)
19 February 1996
7 February 2008
25 January 2020
11 February 2032
30 January 2044
15 February 2056

Sửu (Ox)
7 February 1997
26 January 2009
12 February 2021
31 January 2033
17 February 2045
4 February 2057

Dần (Tiger)
28 January 1998
14 February 2010
1 February 2022
19 February 2034
6 February 2046
24 January 2058

Mão (Rabbit/Cat)
16 February 1999
3 February 2011
22 January 2023
8 February 2035
26 January 2047
12 February 2059

Thìn (Dragon)
5 February 2000
23 January 2012
10 February 2024
28 January 2036
14 February 2048
2 February 2060

Tỵ (Snake)
24 January 2001
10 February 2013
29 January 2025
15 February 2037
2 February 2049
21 January 2061

Ngọ (Horse)
12 February 2002
31 January 2014
17 February 2026
4 February 2038
23 January 2050
9 February 2062

Mùi (Goat)
1 February 2003
19 February 2015
6 February 2027
24 January 2039
11 February 2051
29 January 2063

Thân (Monkey)
22 January 2004
8 February 2016
26 January 2028
12 February 2040
1 February 2052
17 February 2064

Dậu (Chicken)
9 February 2005
28 January 2017
13 February 2029
1 February 2041
18 February 2053
5 February 2065

Tuất(Dog)
29 January 2006
16 February 2018
2 February 2030
22 January 2042
8 February 2054
26 January 2066

Hợi (Pig)
17 February 2007
5 February 2019
23 January 2031
10 February 2043
28 January 2055
14 February 2067