document_title: King of the Ring

question_text: who won the last king of the ring

question_tokens: who won the last king of the ring

text: King of the Ring

text: Use of the King gimmick[edit]

text: Although the King of the Ring tournament was not made into a pay-per-view event until 1993, the original King of the Ring tournament was held in 1985. Don Muraco won the tournament last, defeating The Iron Sheik.

text: In 1986, the second King of the Ring winner, Harley Race, parlayed his victory into an arrogant King of Wrestling gimmick, featuring a regal cape and crown.  This gimmick led to several notable feuds for Race with Junkyard Dog, Hulk Hogan, "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, and others, even after new winners had been crowned in the annual tournament. In 1988, Race suffered an abdominal injury and during his absence his manager Bobby "the Brain" Heenan awarded the crown to Haku in July, rechristening him King Haku, even though Randy Savage had won the tournament by that point and Ted DiBiase would also win the tournament during this storyline. Race eventually returned from his injury and briefly feuded with King Haku, but was unable to regain the crown at the 1989 Royal Rumble. King Haku then lost the crown to "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan in May 1989.[1] "King Hacksaw" then lost it on August 30, 1989 to "Macho Man" Randy Savage, who rebranded himself "Macho King".[2] Savage abandoned the "Macho King" gimmick upon his loss of a "Career ending match" to Ultimate Warrior at Wrestlemania VII in 1991, following which only wrestlers who had won the most recent tournament, as well Jerry Lawler (who had used a King Of Wrestling  image regionally in the Memphis area since the early 1970s) would use the gimmick.

text: Randy Savage ("Macho King"), Owen Hart ("King of Harts"),[3] Mabel ("King Mabel" ),[4] Kurt Angle ("King Kurt") Edge ("King Edge the Awesome"), Booker T ("King Booker"),[5] Sheamus ("King Sheamus")[6][7] and Bad News Barrett ("King Barrett") are all wrestlers that also took on "King" nicknames after winning King of the Ring tournaments, with varying amounts of indulgence in the regal gimmick. William Regal won the tournament while serving as General Manager of Raw[8] and began displaying King Lear signs of tyranny and delusion. Triple H alluded to his King of the Ring victory as part of his integrated gimmick starting 2006 as the "King of Kings".[9] In addition to the King's crown, various female wrestlers were portrayed as Queen while they were aligned with Kings, including "Queen of the Ring" Fabulous Moolah (aligned with King Harley Race at Wrestlemania III), Sensational Queen Sherri[10] (manager of "Macho King" Randy Savage), and Queen Sharmell[11] (manager of King Booker). Mo, Mabel's tag team partner in Men on a Mission, was "knighted" as Sir Mo by his partner after the latter's 1995 victory.

text: Pay-per-view[edit]

text: The King of the Ring was an event in which typically sixteen wrestlers wrestled in a one-on-one single elimination bracket. When a wrestler wins a match in the bracket, he advances to take on another wrestler who has also won. The final few matches would then take place at that year's King of the Ring event. The winner of the final match is officially crowned the King of the Ring. There were also other matches that took place at the King of the Ring event since it was a traditional three-hour pay-per-view. The King of the Ring pay-per-view was considered one of the WWE's "Big Five" events of the year, along with the Royal Rumble, WrestleMania, SummerSlam and Survivor Series, up until its disestablishment after the 2002 event.

text: Revival[edit]

text: After a four-year hiatus, the tournament would return in 2006, the first since the 1991 edition that was not on pay-per-view, which was won by Booker T, who faced Bobby Lashley in the finals at Judgment Day. The tournament would return in 2008 on the April 23 episode of Raw, which was won by William Regal, who faced CM Punk in the finale, and in 2010 on the November 29 episode of Raw, which was won by Sheamus, who faced John Morrison in the finale. After a five-year hiatus, the tournament returned in 2015 on the April 27 episode of Raw, with the finals taking place the next night on the WWE Network. Bad News Barrett defeated Neville in the final round.

text: List of King of the Ring winners[edit]

text:
Year

Winner

Times won

Date

Note

1985

Don Muraco

1

July 8, 1985

Defeated The Iron Sheik

1986

Harley Race

1

July 14, 1986

Defeated Pedro Morales

1987

Randy Savage

1

September 4, 1987

Defeated King Kong Bundy

1988

Ted DiBiase

1

October 16, 1988

Defeated Randy Savage

1989

Tito Santana

1

October 14, 1989

Defeated Rick Martel

1991

Bret Hart

1

September 7, 1991

Defeated Irwin R. Schyster

1993

Bret Hart

2

June 13, 1993

Defeated Bam Bam Bigelow

1994

Owen Hart

1

June 19, 1994

Defeated Razor Ramon

1995

Mabel

1

June 25, 1995

Defeated Savio Vega

1996

Stone Cold Steve Austin

1

June 23, 1996

Defeated Jake Roberts

1997

Hunter Hearst Helmsley

1

June 8, 1997

Defeated Mankind

1998

Ken Shamrock

1

June 28, 1998

Defeated The Rock

1999

Billy Gunn

1

June 27, 1999

Defeated X-Pac

2000

Kurt Angle

1

June 25, 2000

Defeated Rikishi

2001

Edge

1

June 24, 2001

Defeated Kurt Angle

2002

Brock Lesnar

1

June 23, 2002

Defeated Rob Van Dam

2006

Booker T

1

May 21, 2006

Defeated Bobby Lashley

2008

William Regal

1

April 21, 2008

Defeated CM Punk

2010

Sheamus

1

November 29, 2010

Defeated John Morrison

2015

Bad News Barrett

1

April 28, 2015

Defeated Neville

text: King of the Ring event dates and venues[edit]

text: From 1993 through 2002, King of the Ring was produced as a pay-per-view event. In 2006, the tournament finals were featured as part of the Judgment Day pay-per-view. In 2008 and 2010, the tournament was featured as a one-night tournament that aired on Monday Night RAW. In 2015, the tournament was started on Monday Night RAW and then concluded the next night as a WWE Network exclusive.

text: The King of the Ring was the only one of the WWE's "Big Five" pay-per-view events (The others being the Royal Rumble, WrestleMania, SummerSlam and Survivor Series) to never be hosted at least once at Madison Square Garden.

text: SmackDown-branded event

text:
Event

Date

City

Venue

Main event

King of the Ring (1985)

July 8, 1985

Foxborough, Massachusetts

Sullivan Stadium

Nikolai Volkoff vs. Hulk Hogan (c) for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship

King of the Ring (1986)

July 14, 1986

The Dream Team (Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake) vs. The British Bulldogs (Davey Boy Smith and Dynamite Kid) (c) in a Steel cage match for the WWF Tag Team Championship

King of the Ring (1987)

September 4, 1987

Providence, Rhode Island

Providence Civic Center

1987 King of the Ring tournament final.

King of the Ring (1988)

October 16, 1988

1988 King of the Ring tournament final.

King of the Ring (1989)

October 14, 1989

1989 King of the Ring tournament final.

King of the Ring (1991)

September 7, 1991

1991 King of the Ring tournament final.

King of the Ring (1993)

June 13, 1993

Dayton, Ohio

Nutter Center

1993 King of the Ring tournament final.

King of the Ring (1994)

June 19, 1994

Baltimore, Maryland

Baltimore Arena

Jerry Lawler vs. Roddy Piper

King of the Ring (1995)

June 25, 1995

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The Spectrum

Sycho Sid and Tatanka vs. Diesel and Bam Bam Bigelow

King of the Ring (1996)

June 23, 1996

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

MECCA Arena

British Bulldog vs. Shawn Michaels (c) for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship with special guest enforcer Mr. Perfect

King of the Ring (1997)

June 8, 1997

Providence, Rhode Island

Providence Civic Center

Faarooq vs. The Undertaker (c) for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship

King of the Ring (1998)

June 28, 1998

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Pittsburgh Civic Arena

Stone Cold Steve Austin (c) vs. Kane in a First Blood match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship

King of the Ring (1999)

June 27, 1999

Greensboro, North Carolina

Greensboro Coliseum

Vince McMahon and Shane McMahon vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin in a Ladder match for control of the World Wrestling Federation

King of the Ring (2000)

June 25, 2000

Boston, Massachusetts

Fleet Center

The McMahon-Helmsley Faction (Triple H (c), Shane McMahon and Vince McMahon) vs. The Rock, Kane and The Undertaker for the WWF Championship

King of the Ring (2001)

June 24, 2001

East Rutherford, New Jersey

Continental Airlines Arena

Chris Jericho vs. Chris Benoit vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin (c) in a Triple Threat match for the WWF Championship

King of the Ring (2002)

June 23, 2002

Columbus, Ohio

Nationwide Arena

The Undertaker (c) vs. Triple H for the WWE Undisputed Championship

King of the Ring (2006)

May 21, 2006

Phoenix, Arizona[a 1]

America West Arena

N/A

King of the Ring (2008)

April 21, 2008

Greenville, South Carolina

BI-LO Center

The Undertaker, Kane, Triple H and John Cena vs. Randy Orton, Edge, Chavo Guerrero and John "Bradshaw" Layfield

King of the Ring (2010)

November 29, 2010

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Wells Fargo Center

N/A

King of the Ring (2015)

April 28, 2015

Moline, Illinois[a 2]

iWireless Center

2015 King of the Ring tournament final.

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text:
Jump up ^ The finals of the 2006 King of the Ring were held as part of the Judgment Day pay-per-view, which emanated from Phoenix. The quarterfinal and semifinal matches were conducted at various other venues.

Jump up ^ The 2015 King of the Ring was held over two nights. The quarterfinal matches were broadcast on Raw, held in Green Bay, Wisconsin, while the semifinal and final matches were broadcast live on the WWE Network from Moline, Illinois (prior to a SmackDown taping).

text: Pre-pay-per-view event results[edit]

text:
King of the Ring (1985)Promotion
World Wrestling FederationDate
July 8, 1985City
Foxborough, MassachusettsVenue
Sullivan StadiumAttendance
23,000[12]King of the Ring chronology

← PreviousFirst

Next →King of the Ring (1986)

text: King of the Ring (1985) was the inaugural King of the Ring professional wrestling tournament produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The tournament was held on July 8, 1985 at the Sullivan Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts.

text: In addition to the tournament, there was only one other match during the night. In this match Hulk Hogan pinned Nikolai Volkoff to retain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

text:
No.

Results[12]

Stipulations

Times

1

Jim Brunzell beat The Spoiler

King of the Ring first round match

3:19

2

Les Thornton beat Steve Lombardi

King of the Ring first round match

4:33

3

Paul Orndorff and Bob Orton, Jr. wrestled to a double disqualification

King of the Ring first round match

11:54

4

Pedro Morales beat Johnny V

King of the Ring first round match

1:06

5

Tito Santana beat Terry Funk by disqualification

King of the Ring first round match

12:58

6

Don muraco beat Junkyard Dog

King of the Ring first round match

10:22

7

Ricky Steamboat beat Greg Valentine

King of the Ring first round match

19:59

8

The Iron Sheik beat B. Brian Blair

King of the Ring first round match

5:18

9

Don Muraco beat Les Thornton

King of the Ring quarterfinals match

5:02

10

Jim Brunzell beat Tito Santana via a time limit draw coin toss

King of the Ring quarterfinals match

20:00

11

Iron Sheik beat Ricky Steamboat

King of the Ring quarterfinals match

10:25

12

Don Muraco beat Pedro Morales

King of the Ring semifinals match

14:55

13

Iron Sheik beat Jim Brunzell

King of the Ring semifinals match

7:30

14

Don Muraco beat Iron Sheik

King of the Ring finals match

10:28

15

Hulk Hogan (c) beat Nikolai Volkoff

WWF World Heavyweight Championship match

PIN

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text:
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
            Don Muraco
PIN
Junkyard Dog
10:22
Don Muraco
PIN

Les Thornton
5:02
Les Thornton
pin
Steve Lombardi
4:33
Don Muraco
PIN

Pedro Morales
14:55
Paul Orndorff
DDQ
Bob Orton, Jr.
11:54
BYE

Pedro Morales

Pedro Morales
PIN
Johnny V
1:06
Don Muraco
PIN

Iron Sheik
10:28
Tito Santana
DQ
Terry Funk
12:58
Tito Santana
Draw1

Jim Brunzell
20:00
Jim Brunzell
PIN
The Spoiler
3:19
Jim Brunzell
7:30

Iron Sheik
PIN
Ricky Steamboat
PIN
Greg Valentine
19:59
Ricky Steamboat
10:25

Iron Sheik
PIN
The Iron Sheik
PIN
B. Brian Blair
5:18

text: Hulk Hogan pinned Nikolai Volkoff to retain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. in a non tournament match

text: 1. ^ Tito Santana fought Jim Brunzell to a 20 time limit  draw; Brunzell then won a coin toss to determine who would continue in the tournament.

text:
King of the Ring (1986)Promotion
World Wrestling FederationDate
July 14, 1986City
Foxborough, MassachusettsVenue
Sullivan StadiumAttendance
12,000[13]King of the Ring chronology

← PreviousKing of the Ring (1985)

Next →King of the Ring (1987)

text: King of the Ring (1986) was the second annual King of the Ring professional wrestling tournament produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The tournament was held on July 14, 1986 at the Sullivan Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts.

text: In addition to the tournament, there were two other matches. Prior to the final match of the King of the Ring tournament, Bruno Sammartino defeated The Designated Hitman (a substitute for Eddie Andelmann, a local TV/radio personality who refused to wrestle). Following the final match of the tournament, The British Bulldogs (Davey Boy Smith and The Dynamite Kid) defeated The Dream Team (Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake) (with Johnny V.) in a steel cage match to retain the WWF Tag Team Championship. Dynamite and Beefcake escaped from the cage first. Smith then escaped the cage to win the match after Valentine had accidentally knocked him out the door.

text: During the first round of the tournament, there was a total of 6 matches. Billy Jack Haynes pinned The Iron Sheik. after a SMALL PACKAGING Harley Race beat George Steele by disqualification after Steele rammed Race into one of the Golf carts at ringside. Don Muraco and Roddy Piper wrestled to a time limit draw at 20 minutes. when the two man battled in the Ring with Punch's to the Head Nikolai Volkoff pinned Dan Spivey. Junkyard Dog beat Paul Orndorff by disqualification for attacking the Referee. The final match saw Pedro Morales PINNED Rudy Diamond who was substituting for Bob Orton.

text: During the quarterfinal round of the tournament there were only 3 matches. Harley Race received a Bye due to the Muraco and Piper match reaching the time limit in the first round. Billy Jack Haynes beat Mr. X WITH THE full Nelson who was a substitute for Hercules Hernandez. Nikolai Volkoff beat Junkyard Dog by submission to a Bearhug. In the final quarterfinals match, Pedro Morales PINNED  Mike Rotunda  after Rotunda performed a back suplex on Morales but Rotunda's shoulders were on the mat.

text: During the first match of the semifinals, Race beat Haynes, when Haynes was counted out while Haynes applied the Full Nelson on Race while on the outside of the ring on the apron. Race would go on to face Pedro Morales in the finals, after Pedro Morales  beat Nikolai Volkoff After volkoff  had morales in a baerhug  but Pedro broke free and  revised the hold into a Small Packaging  FOR THE pin in the other semifinals match. in the finals race pinned  Morales after the men  began brawling in and out of the ring until race got back in and Morales got back up on the apron when the two men began Suplexing one other until race Superplxed Morales back into ring for the win.  Ultimately Race went on to win the King of the Ring after defeating Morales.

text:
No.

Results[13]

Stipulations

Times

1

Don Muraco (with Mr. Fuji) and Roddy Piper wrestled to a time limit draw

King of the Ring first round match

20:00

2

Harley Race beat George Steele by disqualification

King of the Ring first round match

7:41

3

Billy Jack Haynes pinned the Iron Sheik

King of the Ring first round match

10:15

4

Nikolai Volkoff beat Dan Spivey

King of the Ring first round match

6:12

5

Junkyard Dog beat Paul Orndorff by disqualification

King of the Ring first round match

13:14

6

Pedro Morales beat Rudy Diamond

King of the Ring first round match

3:02

7

Billy Jack Haynes beat Mr. X

King of the Ring quarter-final match

0:21

8

Nikolai Volkoff beat Junkyard Dog

King of the Ring quarter-final match

10:46

9

Pedro Morales beat Mike Rotunda

King of the Ring quarter-final match

10:00

10

Harley Race beat Billy Jack Haynes by count-out

King of the Ring semi-final match

12:30

11

Pedro Morales beat Nikolai Volkoff

King of the Ring semi-final match

11:55

12

Bruno Sammartino beat The Designated Hitman

Singles match

4:29

13

Harley Race beat Pedro Morales

King of the Ring final match

10:30

14

The British Bulldogs (Davey Boy Smith and The Dynamite Kid) (c) defeated The Dream Team (Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake) (with Johnny V.)

WWF World Tag Team Title steel cage match

15:47

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text:
First Round

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Final

Mr. X2
0:21

Billy Jack Haynes
Sub

Billy Jack Haynes
pin

The Iron Sheik
10:15

Billy Jack Haynes
12:30

Harley Race
CO

Harley Race
DQ

George Steele
7:41

Harley Race

BYE

Don Muraco
draw

Roddy Piper
20:00

Harley Race
PIN

Pedro Morales
10:30

Nikolai Volkoff
pin

Dan Spivey
6:12

Nikolai Volkoff
Sub

Junkyard Dog
10:46

Junkyard Dog
DQ

Paul Orndorff
13:14

Nikolai Volkoff
11:55

Pedro Morales
pin

Pedro Morales
pin

Rudy Diamond1
3:02

Pedro Morales
pin

Mike Rotundo
10:00

text:
1. ^  Rudy Diamond was a substitute for Bob Orton.
2. ^  Mr. X was a substitute for Hercules Hernandez.
Bruno Sammartino beat The Designated Hitman in a non tournament match
The British Bulldogs (Davey Boy Smith and The Dynamite Kid) defeated The Dream Team (Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake) (with Johnny V.) in a steel cage match to retain the WWF Tag Team Championship. Dynamite and Beefcake escaped from the cage first. Smith then escaped the cage to win the match after Valentine had accidentally knocked him out the door. 15:47 in a non tournament match

text:
King of the Ring (1987)Promotion
World Wrestling FederationDate
September 4, 1987City
Providence, Rhode IslandVenue
Providence Civic CenterAttendance
12,000[14]King of the Ring chronology

← PreviousKing of the Ring (1986)

Next →King of the Ring (1988)

text: King of the Ring (1987) was the third annual King of the Ring professional wrestling tournament produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The tournament was held on September 4, 1987 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

text: In addition to the tournament, there was only one other match during the night. In this match Jake Roberts defeated the WWF Intercontinental champion The Honky Tonk Man with Jimmy Hart via disqualification, after Hart accidentally hit Honky Tonk Man with the megaphone

text:
No.

Results[14]

Stipulations

Times

1

Haku beat Brutus Beefcake

King of the Ring first round match

PIN

2

Rick Martel beat Dan Spivey

King of the Ring first round match

PIN

3

King Kong Bundy beat One Man Gang

King of the Ring first round match

CO

4

Special Delivery Jones beat Sika

King of the Ring first round match

PIN

5

Dangerous Danny Davis beat  Tito Santana

King of the Ring first round match

CO

6

Junkyard Dog beat Tama

King of the Ring first round match

PIN

7

Jim Brunzell beat Ron Bass

King of the Ring first round match

PIN

8

Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) beat Nikolai Volkoff

King of the Ring first round match

PIN

9

Haku and Rick Martel wrestled to a draw

King of the Ring quarter-final match

15:00

10

King Kong Bundy beat Special Delivery Jones

King of the Ring quarter-final match

PIN

11

Danny Davis beat The Junkyard Dog

King of the Ring quarter-final match

CO

12

Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) beat Jim Brunzell

King of the Ring quarter-final match

PIN

13

Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) beat Danny Davis

King of the Ring semi-final match

PIN

14

Jake Roberts beat The Honky Tonk Man (with Jimmy Hart) by disqualification

WWF Intercontinental championship

DQ

15

Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) beat King Kong Bundy

King of the Ring final match

PIN

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text:
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
            Haku
pin
Brutus Beefcake
11:08
Haku
15:00

Rick Martel
Draw
Rick Martel
pin
Dan Spivey
5:12
King Kong Bundy

BYE

King Kong Bundy
CO
One Man Gang
3:09
King Kong Bundy
PIN

Special Delivery Jones
4:09
Special Delivery Jones
pin
Sika
6:25
King Kong Bundy
13:04

Randy Savage
PIN
Tito Santana
7:22
Dangerous Danny Davis
CO
Danny Davis
CO

The Junkyard Dog
8:02
Junkyard Dog
pin
Tama
8:19
Danny Davis
7:15

Randy Savage
PIN
Jim Brunzell
pin
Ron Bass
6:38
Jim Brunzell
12:10

Randy Savage
PIN
Randy Savage
PIN
Nikolai Volkoff
7:03

text: Jake Roberts defeated the WWF Intercontinental champion The Honky Tonk Man with Jimmy Hart via disqualification, after Hart accidentally hit Honky Tonk Man with the megaphone in a non tournament match

text:
King of the Ring (1988)Promotion
World Wrestling FederationDate
October 16, 1988City
Providence, Rhode IslandVenue
Providence Civic CenterAttendance
6,700[15]King of the Ring chronology

← PreviousKing of the Ring (1987)

Next →King of the Ring (1989)

text: King of the Ring (1988) was the fourth annual King of the Ring professional wrestling tournament produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The tournament was held on October 16, 1988 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

text: In addition to the tournament, there was only one other match during the night. In this match Jim Duggan defeated Dino Bravo (with Frenchy Martin) in a flag match. Duggan pinned Bravo when Martin accidentally hit Bravo with the flag.

text:
No.

Results[15]

Stipulations

Times[15]

1

Ken Patera beat Nikolai Volkoff

King of the Ring first round match

10:20

2

Ted DiBiase beat Brutus Beefcake

King of the Ring first round match

7:32

3

Ron Bass beat The Barbarian by disqualification

King of the Ring first round match

7:02

4

Shawn Michaels beat Dangerous Danny Davis

King of the Ring first round match

3:37

5

Bad News Brown and Hercules wrestled until a double count-out

King of the Ring first round match

6:05

6

Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) beat Virgil

King of the Ring first round match

5:43

7

The Red Rooster beat Marty Jannetty

King of the Ring first round match

11:00

8

Mike Sharpe beat Boris Zhukov

King of the Ring first round match

6:27

9

Jim Duggan beat Dino Bravo (with Frenchy Martin)

Flag match

8:43

10

Ted DiBiase beat Ken Patera

King of the Ring quarter-final match

5:42

11

Ron Bass beat Shawn Michaels

King of the Ring quarter-final match

7:39

12

The Red Rooster beat Mike Sharpe

King of the Ring quarter-final match

3:27

13

Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) beat The Red Rooster

King of the Ring semi-final match

7:21

14

Ted DiBiase beat Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) by count-out

King of the Ring final match

6:11

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text:
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
            Ken Patera
Pin
Nikolai Volkoff
10:20
Ken Patera
Pin

Ted DiBiase
5:42
Brutus Beefcake
Pin
Ted DiBiase
7:32
Ted DiBiase
Forfeit

Ron Bass
2
The Barbarian
DQ
Ron Bass
7:02
Ron Bass
Pin

Shawn Michaels
7:39
Dangerous Danny Davis
Pin
Shawn Michaels
3:37
Ted DiBiase
CO

Randy Savage
6:11
Bad News Brown
DCO
Hercules
6:05
BYE

Randy Savage

Randy Savage
Pin
Virgil
5:43
Randy Savage
Pin

The Red Rooster
7:21
Marty Jannetty
Pin
The Red Rooster
11:00
The Red Rooster
Sub

Iron Mike Sharpe
3:27
Mike Sharpe1
Pin
Boris Zhukov
6:27

text:
1. ^  Mike Sharpe substituted for The Warlord.
2. ^  DiBiase paid Bass off to fake an injury.[16]

text:
Randy Savage was counted out when he chased Virgil around the ring
Flag match Jim Duggan Pinned Dino Bravo (with Frenchy Martin)when Martin accidentally hit Bravo with the flag. in a non tournament match 8:43

text:
King of the Ring (1989)Promotion
World Wrestling FederationDate
October 14, 1989City
Providence, Rhode IslandVenue
Providence Civic CenterAttendance
4,500[17]King of the Ring chronology

← PreviousKing of the Ring (1988)

Next →King of the Ring (1991)

text: King of the Ring (1989) was the fifth annual King of the Ring professional wrestling tournament produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The tournament was held on October 14, 1989 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

text:
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
            Brutus Beefcake
10:22
Akeem
pin
Akeem

BYE

Hercules
DDQ
Jim Neidhart
6:33
Akeem
10:15

Tito Santana
pin
Bushwhacker Butch
3:14
The Warlord
pin
The Warlord
pin

Tito Santana
6:22
Tito Santana
pin
Bad News Brown
7:01
Rick Martel
9:48

Tito Santana
PIN
Rick Martel
sub
Bill Wood1
0:44
Rick Martel
sub

Bushwhacker Luke
4:06
Bushwhacker Luke
pin
Nikolai Volkoff
4:18
Rick Martel
pin

Jimmy Snuka
8:34
Jimmy Snuka
DQ
The Barbarian
8:13
Jimmy Snuka
pin

Haku
7:20
Haku
pin
The Red Rooster
5:12

text: 1. ^  Bill Wood substituted for Barry Windham.

text: Dusty Rhodes defeated The Big Boss Man, with Slick 10:04 in non tournament match

text:
King of the Ring (1991)Promotion
World Wrestling FederationDate
September 7, 1991City
Providence, Rhode IslandVenue
Providence Civic CenterAttendance
2,400[18]King of the Ring chronology

← PreviousKing of the Ring (1989)

Next →King of the Ring (1993)

text: King of the Ring (1991) was the sixth King of the Ring professional wrestling tournament produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The tournament was held on September 7, 1991 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

text: In addition to the tournament, there was only one other match during the night. In this match The Beverly Brothers defeated The Bushwhackers, in a tag team match.

text:
No.

Results[18]

Stipulations

Times[18]

1

Jerry Sags (with Jimmy Hart) beat Hawk by disqualification

King of the Ring first round match

3:02

2

Ricky Steamboat and Ted DiBiase wrestled to a time limit draw

King of the Ring first round match

15:00

3

Jim Duggan beat Brian Knobbs (with Jimmy Hart)

King of the Ring first round match

5:04

4

Irwin R. Schyster beat The Berzerker by count-out

King of the Ring first round match

2:51

5

Bret Hart beat Pete Doherty by submission

King of the Ring first round match

0:33

6

Skinner beat Virgil

King of the Ring first round match

5:02

7

Sid Justice beat The Warlord

King of the Ring first round match

3:23

8

The Undertaker (with Paul Bearer) beat Animal

King of the Ring first round match

3:40

9

The Beverly Brothers (Beau Beverly and Blake Beverly) beat The Bushwhackers (Bushwhacker Butch and Bushwhacker Luke)

Tag team match

7:23

10

Irwin R. Schyster beat Jim Duggan

King of the Ring quarter-final match

3:16

11

Bret Hart beat Skinner

King of the Ring quarter-final match

4:47

12

The Undertaker and Sid Justice ended in a double disqualification

King of the Ring quarter-final match

4:08

13

Irwin R. Schyster beat Jerry Sags

King of the Ring semi-final match

1:22

14

Bret Hart beat Irwin R. Schyster

King of the Ring final match

10:00

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text:
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
            Hawk
DQ
Jerry Sags
3:02
Jerry Sags

BYE

Ricky Steamboat
Draw
Ted DiBiase
15:00
Jerry Sags
Pin

Irwin R. Schyster
1:22
Jim Duggan
Pin
Brian Knobbs
5:04
Jim Duggan
Pin

Irwin R. Schyster
3:16
The Berzerker
CO
Irwin R. Schyster
2:51
Irwin R. Schyster
Pin

Bret Hart
10:00
Pete Doherty 1
Sub
Bret Hart
0:33
Bret Hart
Sub

Skinner
4:47
Skinner
Pin
Virgil
5:02
Bret Hart

BYE

Sid Justice
Pin
The Warlord
3:23
The Undertaker
DDQ

Sid Justice
4:08
Animal
Pin
The Undertaker
3:40

text: 1. ^ Pete Doherty substituted for Kerry Von Erich.

text:
The Undertaker and Sid Justice were disqualified for attacking the Referee. After the bout, Jake Roberts helped The Undertaker put Sid into the  Casket.
Bret Hart PINNED Irwin R. Schyster with a roll up
The Beverly Brothers beat The Bushwhackers in a teg team match 7:23


document_title: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1999

question_text: what song was number 1 on december 12 1999

root

text: Chart history

text:
Key

Indicates best-performing single of 1999

tag: table

text:
Issue Date

Song

Artist(s)

Reference

January 2

"I'm Your Angel"

R. Kelly and Céline Dion

[1]

January 9

[2]

January 16

"Have You Ever?"

Brandy

[3]

January 23

[4]

January 30

"...Baby One More Time"

Britney Spears

[5]

February 6

[6]

February 13

"Angel of Mine"

Monica

[7]

February 20

[8]

February 27

[9]

March 6

[10]

March 13

"Believe"

Cher

[11]

March 20

[12]

March 27

[13]

April 3

[14]

April 10

"No Scrubs"

TLC

[15]

April 17

[16]

April 24

[17]

May 1

[18]

May 8

"Livin' la Vida Loca"

Ricky Martin

[19]

May 15

[20]

May 22

[21]

May 29

[22]

June 5

[23]

June 12

"If You Had My Love"

Jennifer Lopez

[24]

June 19

[25]

June 26

[26]

July 3

[27]

July 10

[28]

July 17

"Bills, Bills, Bills"

Destiny's Child

[29]

July 24

"Wild Wild West"

Will Smith featuring Dru Hill and Kool Moe Dee

[30]

July 31

"Genie in a Bottle"

Christina Aguilera

[31]

August 7

[32]

August 14

[33]

August 21

[34]

August 28

[35][36]

September 4

"Bailamos"

Enrique Iglesias

[37]

September 11

[38]

September 18

"Unpretty"

TLC

[39]

September 25

[40]

October 2

[41]

October 9

"Heartbreaker"

Mariah Carey featuring Jay-Z

[42][43]

October 16

[44]

October 23

"Smooth"

Santana featuring Rob Thomas

[45]

October 30

[46]

November 6

[47]

November 13

[48]

November 20

[49]

November 27

[50]

December 4

[51]

December 11

[52]

December 18

[53]

December 25

[54]


document_title: Politics of the United States during World War II

question_text: who was president during the second world war

text: Overview[edit]

text: The United States entered World War II with the same Administration that had been at the helm of the nation since 1932, that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. This Administration had been preparing for war for a while by the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

tag: p

text: President of the United States[edit]

text: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Vice President Henry A. Wallace won the election of 1940, and were at the helm of the nation as it prepared for and entered World War II. Roosevelt sought and won an unprecedented fourth term in office in 1944, but this time with Harry S. Truman as his Vice President. Roosevelt, who had been a victim of Polio early in life, died in April 1945, and Truman assumed the Presidency through the end of the war.

text: Cabinet[edit]

text:
Secretary of State
Cordell Hull pre-war to November 1944
Edward Stettinius to war's end
Secretary of the Interior
Harold Ickes throughout the war
Secretary of Commerce
Jesse H. Jones pre-war to June 1945
Henry A. Wallace to war's end
Secretary of the Treasury
Henry Morgenthau Jr. pre-war to June 1945
Fred M. Vinson to war's end
Secretary of Labor
Francis Perkins pre-war to June 1945
Schwellenback to war's end
Secretary of War
Henry L. Stimson throughout the war
Secretary of the Navy
Frank Knox pre-war to May 1944
James V. Forrestal to war's end
Secretary of Agriculture
Claude Wickard pre-war to June 1945
Anderson to war's end
Postmaster General
Frank C. Walker pre-war to June 1945
Hannegan to war's end
Attorney General
Francis Biddle pre-war to June 1945
Tom C. Clark to war's end
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
J. Edgar Hoover throughout the war

tag: ul

text: Executive Agencies[edit]

text:
Foreign Economic Administration under Director Crowley, formed September 1943 from the Office of Economic Warfare, the Office of Lend Lease Administration, and the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations.
Office of Price Administration under Administrators Henderson, Brown, and Bowles, formed April 1941 (originally named the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply).
Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion under Chairmen Byrnes and Vinson, formed in May 1943 as the Office of War Mobilization.
War Production Board under Chairmen Nelson and King, formed in January 1942 from the Office of Production Management and the Supply Priorities and Allocation Board.
Economic Stabilization Board under Chairmen Byrnes and Vinson, formed in October 1942 as the Office of Economic Stabilization.
War Manpower Commission under Chairman McNuff, formed in April 1942.
United States Maritime Commission under Chairman Land.
War Shipping Administration under Administrator Land, formed in February 1942.
Office of Defense Transportation under Chairman Eastman, formed in December 1941.
Petroleum Administration for War under Administrator Ickes, formed in December 1942.
War Food Administration formed in December 1942.
National War Labor Board under Chairman Davis, formed in January 1942.
Office of Scientific Research and Development under Chairman Bush, formed in July 1941.
Office of War Information under Chairman Davis, formed in June 1942.
Office of Civilian Defense under Chairmen LaGuardia and Landis, formed in May 1941.

text: Joint Chiefs of Staff[edit]

text: The Joint Chiefs were military officers, as opposed to the above, who were for the most part civilians.

text:
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff William D. Leahy
Army Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Staff George C. Marshall
Navy Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Operations Ernest King
Army Air Force Commander Henry Arnold
Marine Corps Commandant Alexander Vandegrift
Army Air Force Chief of Staff Giles
Army Ground Forces Commander Lear
Army Service Forces Commander Somervell

text: In addition, the following offices reported to the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

text:
Operations Division, formerly the War Plans Division.
Military Intelligence Division
Office of Naval Intelligence

text: Politics of World War IIUnited States home front during World War IIPolitics of the United States

text: Articles lacking sources from December 2009All articles lacking sources


document_title: Standin' on the Corner Park

question_text: who is the statue of standing on the corner in winslow arizona

text: Standin' on the Corner Park

text:
Standin' on the Corner Park

Standin' on the Corner Park, a tribute to the Jackson Browne/Glenn Frey song "Take It Easy"

Type
Municipal

Location
Winslow, Arizona

Coordinates
35°1′24.54″N 110°41′53.03″W / 35.0234833°N 110.6980639°W / 35.0234833; -110.6980639

Created
1999

Operated by
Standin' on the Corner in Winslow, Arizona Park Committee

Status
Open all year

text: Standin' on the Corner Park (opened in 1999 in Winslow, Arizona). It is a public park, commemorating the song "Take It Easy" which was written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and, most famously, recorded by the Eagles. The song includes the verse "Well, I'm a standing on a corner in Winslow, Arizona and such a fine sight to see. It's a girl, my Lord, in a flatbed Ford slowin' down to take a look at me." The park contains a two-story trompe-l'œil mural by John Pugh, and a bronze statue by Ron Adamson[1] of a life-sized man with a guitar who is standing on a corner with the guitar by his side. The park is surrounded by a wall of bricks, with windows to peer into; each brick has a donor's name on it, and a story by each of the donors describing their fondness for Winslow, Arizona.[2]

text: History[edit]

text: Until the 1960s, Winslow was a thriving town in northern Arizona just off Route 66. Construction of the $7.7 million bypass around Winslow began soon after 1977.[3] When I-40 bypassed the community many local businesses disappeared, the tourism sector being among the hardest hit. While some local jobs remained (as Winslow is the base of operation for one thousand railroad workers), the local downtown was badly hurt by the influx of national chains (such as Walmart and McDonald's) along the new interstate highway to the north of the town.[4] Twenty years passed and Winslow was stuck in a commercial rut.

text: Winslow was the next to last town to be bypassed... We would watch hundreds of trucks roll by day and night. Then one morning, they opened (I-40) and everything stopped. For about 20 years, nobody knew what to do.

text: In 1997, the La Posada Hotel (a former Harvey House on the Santa Fe Railroad, long at risk for demolition) was restored and reopened. Listing of La Posada Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places served as a first step toward re-awakening the town.

text: The Standin' on the Corner Foundation was formed to create a renaissance of Winslow. Determined to build on tourism, the foundation took advantage of the town being mentioned in the song "Take It Easy" made famous by the Eagles. From 1997 until 1999, the foundation was busy finding donors and planning design concepts. On September 10 and 11, 1999 the park was opened to the public.[2]

text: The 2006 release of animated film Cars brought renewed attention to the efforts to save local U.S. Route 66 main street businesses in towns long bypassed. While Winslow itself is not depicted on-screen, the movie's credits list both La Posada Hotel and Diane Patterson's souvenir shop at Standin' on the Corner Park among the many Mother Road locations at which Pixar studio personnel conducted exhaustive interviews as part of extensive research for the film.

text: On October 18, 2004, there was a fire at the Standin' on the Corner Park. While the face of the building and the actual corner survived, the rest of the building was burned down. As of 2011[update], an attempt to restore downtown Winslow tourism is booming.

text: In September 2016, a statue was unveiled at the park in the likeness of Glenn Frey, who died earlier that year.[5]


document_title: When Calls the Heart

question_text: who plays clara on when calls the heart

question_tokens: who plays clara on when calls the heart

text: When Calls the Heart

text: Plot[edit]

text: When Calls the Heart tells the story of Elizabeth Thatcher (Erin Krakow), a young teacher accustomed to her high-society life. She receives her first classroom assignment in Coal Valley, a small coal-mining town in Western Canada which is located just south of Robb, Alberta. There, life is simple—but often fraught with challenges. Elizabeth charms most everyone in Coal Valley, except Royal North West Mounted Police Constable Jack Thornton (Daniel Lissing). He believes Thatcher’s wealthy father has doomed the lawman's career by insisting he be assigned in town to protect the shipping magnate’s daughter. The town of Coal Valley was renamed Hope Valley in Episode 2, Season 2 after the coal mine was closed.

text: Living in this 1910 coal town, Elizabeth must learn the ways of the Canadian frontier movement if she wishes to thrive in the rural west on her own. Lori Loughlin portrays Abigail Stanton, whose husband, the foreman of the mine, and her only son—along with 44 other miners—have recently been killed in an explosion, which turns out to have been a tragic accident waiting to happen—a result of the mining-company site manager's irresponsible management and lack of due care in his management of the mine. The newly widowed women find their faith tested when they must go to work in the mine to keep a roof over their heads, food on the table, and compile a wage for the town's teacher.[8]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
January 11, 2014 (2014-01-11)
March 29, 2014 (2014-03-29)

2
7
April 25, 2015 (2015-04-25)
June 13, 2015 (2015-06-13)

Special
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)

3
8
February 21, 2016 (2016-02-21)
April 10, 2016 (2016-04-10)

Special
December 25, 2016 (2016-12-25)

4
10
February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)

text: As of April 23, 2017, 39 episodes of When Calls the Heart have aired, concluding the fourth season.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series, originally planned to be filmed in Colorado, is filmed south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards. The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013. Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the Hell on Wheels set.[9] The Thatcher home is the University Women's Club of Vancouver.[10]

text: The series was renewed for a second season,[11] which aired from April 25 to June 13, 2015. Hallmark Channel announced in July 2015 that the series had been renewed for a third season, which aired from February 21 to April 10, 2016,[12] with a sneak peek airing during the 2015 Christmas season.[13]

text: In mid-2016, it was announced that Season 4 would premier on the Hallmark Channel Christmas Day with a two-hour special. On April 11, 2016, Lissing and Krakow announced via the series' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season, which aired from February 19 to April 23, 2017.[14][15]

text: Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22, 2017, and is due to continue until Decemebr 12, 2017.[16]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Erin Krakow as Elizabeth Thatcher
Daniel Lissing as Jack Thornton
Lori Loughlin as Abigail Stanton
Jack Wagner as Bill Avery
Martin Cummins as Henry Gowen
Pascale Hutton as Rosemary LeVeaux-Coulter
Kavan Smith as Leland Coulter

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Gracyn Shinyei as Emily Montgomery
Loretta Walsh as Florence Blakeley
Erica Carroll as Dottie Ramsey
Mark Humphrey as Frank Hogan
Johannah Newmarch as Molly Sullivan
Mitchell Kummen as Gabe Montgomery
Logan Williams as Miles Montgomery
Ben Rosenbaum as Hickam
Carter Ryan Evancic as Cody Hastings
Chelah Horsdal as Cat Montgomery
Steve Bacic as Charles Spurlock
Kristina Wagner as Nora Avery
Aren Buchholz as Jesse
Charlotte Hegele as Julie Thatcher
Andrea Brooks as Faith Carter
Eva Bourne as Clara Stanton
Ava Grace Cooper as Opal
Max Lloyd-Jones as Tom Thornton
Brooke Shields as Charlotte Thornton
Devon Weigel as Viola Thatcher
Marcus Rosner as Charles Kensington
Mamie Laverock as Rosaleen Sullivan
Adrian Hough as Reverend Anderson
Lynda Boyd as Grace Thatcher
Will Verchere-Gopaulsingh as Caleb Dunbar
Ali Skovbye as Becky Hastings
Garwin Sanford as William Thatcher
Laura Bertram as Mary Dunbar
Derek Hamilton as Dewitt Graves
Niall Matter as Shane Cantrell (season 4)
Spencer Drever as Cyrus Rivera (season 4)

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Elizabeth Thatcher is an independent, strong-minded, passionate and dedicated young teacher from the city. The middle daughter of William and Grace Thatcher, Elizabeth has two sisters, older sister Viola and younger sister Julie. Elizabeth finds herself in Coal Valley, a small community on the Canadian frontier in need of a teacher, and quickly discovers it is not an easy place to live, lacking the creature comforts and luxuries of her privileged life with her family. She soon meets the newly appointed and charismatic Mountie Jack Thornton and develops an immediate dislike for him. However, over time they become good friends, and develop an obvious attraction to one another. In the final episode of season 1, "Prelude to a Kiss," (also titled as "Final Adieu"), after overcoming many obstacles throughout the season, Jack tells Elizabeth, "You're the one, you're the only one" and they share a kiss. Throughout season 2, Elizabeth's feelings for Jack are high at times as well as low. Finally, in the season 2 finale, she admits that his job as a Mountie scares her. After being comforted both admitting that they love each other, Jack and Elizabeth kiss.
Jack Thornton is a laid back country boy. Jack is the son of a Mountie Thomas Thornton and his wife Charlotte Thornton. Jack has a younger brother, Tom (named after his father). As a Mountie and a man of stout character and integrity, he often finds himself protecting and saving people. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Jack finds a basset hound whom he names Rip (after Rip Van Winkle) and takes home with him. A source of comfort and companion in the small town, Jack often goes to Rip when times in his life are difficult. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Rip, who's afraid of thunder, hides in the mine shafts during a storm. Jack and Elizabeth search for him; in their search, their relationship grows stronger. Upon his first meeting of Elizabeth, he developed an instant dislike and it appeared she irritated him. However, he grew to like and then fall madly and completely in love with her over time. In "Rules of Engagement" (S.1), it is revealed that Jack was briefly engaged to Rosemary LeVeaux when she comes looking for him. However, they have both changed and realize that they cannot have a relationship as they once did ever again. In "Prelude to a Kiss" (S.1), Jack found out that Elizabeth may be leaving Coal Valley. Taking her on a walk and giving her a framed picture of them that he had sketched, he asks her not to leave Coal Valley and tells her, "You're the one, you're the only one." She replied that she was "not going anywhere", Coal Valley was where she belonged before they share a kiss. In season 2, Elizabeth and Jack share a hot-and-cold relationship until the finale, "With All My Heart." They both admit that they love each other and share another kiss. Jack's brother, Tom, is introduced season 2's "Trials of the Heart," and their rocky relationship continues until "Coming Together, Coming Apart." Jack gently reminds his younger brother how their father was so proud of him, but he wouldn't be proud of the way he was currently living. Both in tears, Jack tells his younger brother that he believes in him and that he can turn his life around. More recently, Jack has become good friends with the sawmill operator, Lee Coulter. In season 3, Jack begins the new year knowing that Elizabeth only has eyes for him and that her relationship with Charles is over for good. In "Hearts In Question," Jack's mother Charlotte shows up unexpectedly. She meets Elizabeth and is suspicious of her, but through staying her sees Elizabeth for who she really is: a trustworthy, dedicated teacher. In the season finale, "Prayers From The Heart," Jack is injured in a landslide. But he miraculously recovers in time to serve as Lee's best man at his wedding.
Abigail Stanton is a Coal Valley woman who tragically lost her husband and son in the mining accident. Abigail is a very kind woman, and she stands strongly for the things she believes in. She is one of the first women to welcome Elizabeth and the two women quickly become friends. When Elizabeth accidentally burns down the little teacherage, Abigail gladly welcomes her into her home to live. After being complimented on her cooking, Abigail decides to open a cafe in Coal Valley. Together, Abigail and Elizabeth move into the rooms above the cafe. At the end of season 1, Abigail enjoys the company of Bill Avery, a Mountie, serving as a Forensic Investigator and friend of Jack Thornton's. In season 2, Abigail takes in her daughter-in-law, Clara, the wife of her late son Peter whom Abigail sees as the daughter she never had. With Bill's past being revealed, Abigail ends their friendship and spends more time with the new pastor, Frank Hogan. Also, she is a strong independent woman that is set on doing the things that are right and tries to help Elizabeth.
Bill Avery is a mysterious, quiet man. He first appears in season 1's "Rules of Engagement," in order to help Jack expose Mr. Gowen's wrongdoings. Bill is immediately attracted to widow Abigail Stanton. Things are going well until Abigail discovers a picture of Bill's family and his wedding ring. He later tells her that his son died, as well as his wife. However, his wife, Nora, comes to confront him in season 2's "Heart's Desire."
Henry Gowen is a cold, cynical man who formerly owned the coal mine. After the mine was shut down, Henry became the mayor of Hope Valley and still creates a cold, cynical presence whenever people are around him. Henry is highly disliked and feared in the town. He frequently uses bribery to get what he wants, which is never for the good of the town.
Rosemary "Rosie" LeVeaux is a flamboyant, enthusiastic actress from New York. She was briefly engaged to Jack Thornton, but they both realized that it wouldn't work out. Rosie immediately disliked Elizabeth and viewed her as "the competition," but eventually came to really care about Elizabeth, even if she has a hard time showing it. At the beginning of season 2, Rosemary began working at the cafe with Abigail and the two quickly became friends. Spending time with Abigail helped tone down some of Rosemary's enthusiasm and made her a more likable person. Rosemary even came to like Elizabeth, even if only on an acquaintance level. Truthfully, she cares about everyone in Hope Valley, especially Lee, with whom she shares an mutual attraction. When Rosie is not spending time with Lee, talking to Abigail, or dreaming about the glamorous life of an actress, she can often be found somewhere writing her weekly advice column for Hope Valley's newspaper! In season 3, Rosemary's friendship with Elizabeth deepened. Instead of viewing her as an adversary, she finds a friend in Elizabeth. Throughout season 3, Rosemary's relationship with Lee becomes more romantic. In "Heart Of A Hero," seeing that Lee needs to spend more time at the sawmill to help the new settlers find jobs, Rosemary tells Lee that the theatre doesn't have to be built. He insists, but she says how important his job is. He smiles and tells her he will one day build her theatre, telling her that she is "the best part of his life." The couple shares in their first kiss. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking he is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to him, telling how much she loves him. In "Heartbreak," Rosemary is offered a job in Hollywood filming. This has always been Rosemary's dream, to be an actress. Lee unselfishly tells her to do whatever she feels best, but it is obvious that the thought of her leaving Hope Valley hurts him. Rosemary considers her options and realizes that her place is in Hope Valley, with Lee. Lee then tells her that he has another "role" that he thinks would be perfect for her and proposes marriage. She happily accepts. In "Hearts In Question," Rosemary enthusiastically plans for their wedding. The couple weds in the season 3 finale "Prayers From The Heart," with Elizabeth and Abigail as her maids of honor.
Leland "Lee" Coulter is a kind, laidback, patient man who opens a sawmill in Hope Valley. When timber becomes Coal Valley's major source of natural resources, the town is renamed Hope Valley. He shares a mutual attraction to Rosemary and proves to be one of the few people who can outwit her. When she declines his romantic intentions, Lee recruits his friend, Molly Sullivan, to make Rosemary jealous; the ploy succeeds and Rosemary accepts his suit, appreciating Lee's good qualities. Despite her dramatic and occasionally prickly personality, Lee's compassion and patience never fails with her. With Rosemary's help, Lee beat Mr. Gowen at his own game in "Heart and Home." When not at work, Lee enjoys being with friends, including Jack Thornton, who shares Lee's simple and laidback outlook, allowing the men to discuss their lives and exchange romantic advice. In season 3, Lee's mill is unfortunately sabotaged by a man inside. Through Bill and Jack's investigation, they find the culprit. In season 3's "Heart Of A Hero," Rosemary unselfishly gives up the theatre that Lee promised to build her. Lee promises that one day, he will build her the theatre at a time when he isn't so involved with the sawmill and finding people jobs. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking Lee is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to Lee, telling him how afraid she was when she heard he had been injured. He however hears each and every word. She told him how much she loves him and to never leave her. In the episode "Heartbreak," Lee thinks Rosemary may leave Hope Valley when she is offered a movie job in Hollywood. When she gives up the movie, seeing her future in Hope Valley with him, he asks her to marry him. The couple weds in the season 3 finale, "Prayers From The Heart." Jack serves the role of Lee's best man.
Julie Thatcher is Elizabeth's hopeless romantic younger sister. She often gets herself into sticky situations by falling head over heels for men who aren't quite what they seem. In season 2 she gets involved with Jack's brother Tom, which causes trouble with her family and for Jack and Elizabeth's relationship.
Cat Montgomery is a kind, encouraging woman in Coal Valley. She is a widow and mother of three: Gabe, Miles, and Emily. Cat was one of the first mothers to show kindness to Elizabeth when she first came. She desperately wants her children to remember the good memories of their father as seen by her self-sacrificing acts in "Secrets and Lies." Possessing a great sense of teamwork and encouragement, Cat supports the women of Coal Valley while working in the mines in "Cease and Desist." She is good friends with Elizabeth and Abigail. In "These Games," she also helps Jack catch a thief.
Florence Blakeley is a feisty gossip in Hope Valley. She often has a pessimistic perspective and always seems to find the negative, even in a very positive situation. In "Heart and Home," Abigail told Florence what she really thought about her, which causes Florence to rein in her negativity somewhat, though she remains fairly outspoken. While not always likable, Florence adds spice to life in Hope Valley.
Molly Sullivan is a friend of Lee Coulter and Elizabeth Thatcher. Molly's husband was killed in the mine disaster. She has a daughter Rosaleen. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Rosaleen has trouble in school because she misses her father so much. When she runs away, Elizabeth finds her in the mine, feeling guilty that she didn't bring her father his lunch the day of the disaster because she wanted to play with a friend instead. She fears her mother will blame her, but Elizabeth convinces her that Molly will "say that she loves her more than life itself." Molly is reunited with her daughter, to the joy of the town's people. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Lee feels it's time to "play hard to get" with Rosemary, so he enlists help from Molly. She pretends to be interested in him romantically. This ploy works and Rosemary admits that she does in fact like him. Molly is a kind woman and was among the first to welcome Elizabeth to town.
Clara Stanton is the wife of Abigail's late son Peter, and is a sweet, quiet, and sensitive young woman. Abigail never knew she had a daughter-in-law until season 2's "Trials of the Heart;" with Peter having married Clara only three days before he was killed. In "Heart's Desire," Abigail invites Clara to come live with her in Hope Valley, an offer that Clara accepts.
Charles Kensington III is an old friend of Elizabeth with whom she reconnects while in Hamilton. He is interested in her, though her feelings for Jack get in the way of their relationship.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The first season of the series was subsequently picked up by CBC Television for rebroadcast as a summer series in 2015.[17] The network has since aired the second and third seasons.[18][19] The series became available internationally on Netflix in August 2017.


document_title: Dolly Parton's Coat of Many Colors

question_text: who played dolly in coat of many colors

question_tokens: who played dolly in coat of many colors

text: Dolly Parton's Coat of Many Colors

text: Plot[edit]

text: Coat of Many Colors details Dolly Parton's upbringing in 1955 as her family struggles to live in Tennessee's Great Smoky Mountains, putting a strain on love and faith. Dolly (Alyvia Alyn Lind) aspires to be something greater but must cope with family troubles, including the premature birth and death of a baby brother. Dolly's mother, Avie Lee Parton (Jennifer Nettles) uses the baby's blanket to make Dolly her patchwork coat of many colors. Although Dolly is at first proud of it, she changes her mind after school bullies make fun of her. Meanwhile, Dolly's father, Lee Parton (Ricky Schroder) suffers a personal crisis brought about by the baby's death combined with the depression of his wife and a drought which threatened his tobacco crop. Eventually, faith brings the family together again.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Alyvia Alyn Lind as Dolly Parton, a precocious nine-year-old who hopes to be a famous singer
Jennifer Nettles as Avie Lee Parton, the devout matriarch of the Partons living in the mountains
Ricky Schroder as Robert Lee Parton, the hard-working patriarch of the Partons with faith issues
Gerald McRaney as Rev. Jake Owens, Avie Lee's father and preacher
Carson Meyer as Willadeene Parton, Dolly's oldest sister
Hannah Nordberg as Judy Ogle, Dolly's schoolmate-turned-friend
Mary Lane Haskell as Miss Moody, school teacher who is firm yet supportive of Dolly's aspiration
Stella Parton as Corla Bass, owner of the town market and a gossip
Forrest Deal as Rudy Sanders, a school bully
Kennedy Brice as Gloria Sanders, Rudy's sister and another bully
Farrah Mackenzie as Stella Parton, Dolly's younger sister
Parker Sack as David Parton, Dolly's oldest brother
Dylan Rowen as Denver Parton, Dolly's second-oldest brother
Blane Crockarell as Bobby Parton, Dolly's younger brother
Jennifer D. Taylor as Aunt Dorothy Jo
Dolly Parton as the narrator

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Coat of Many Colors was filmed in Covington and Conyers, Georgia, and Sevier County, Tennessee, the latter at Dollywood for introductory and closing scenes from Dolly Parton.[3][4][5]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Parton, whose childhood is told in the film's story written by her, is also executive producer. She spoke about the casting process, beginning with singer Jennifer Nettles, who plays her mother: "When she started reading I thought, Oh my lord, that's momma. And, she is incredible ... I didn't even know she acted." For her father, Parton already had someone in mind, Ricky Schroder, because "he reminds me so much of my daddy." In casting the younger Dolly, several hundred children auditioned. Parton stated "God's going to send her." Alyvia Alyn Lind auditioned and could "sing...act" and "cry on cue", said Parton, adding, "When she came in, it just kind of blew it all out of the water and she got the part."[3] In addition, Dolly's younger sister Stella Parton appears in the film, playing town gossip Corla Bass.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Coat of Many Colors received favorable reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has received a 78% rating from nine critics.[6] Among eight reviews at Metacritic, it holds a "generally favorable" score of 65 out of 100.[7]

text: Ken Tucker of Yahoo TV gave the film its highest praise, stating "The pastoral nostalgia that this TV-movie taps into is powerful, if maudlin, stuff. This is the time of year when sentimentality can be a warming thing, and Parton's Coat will keep an awful lot of people warm this winter."[8]

text: The Guardian's Brian Moylan commented on the film's faith storyline: "For those who don’t regularly visit the house of the Lord, it will make your eyes roll like loose marbles in the back of a station wagon."[9]

text: David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle was the most critical but commented "Although it's a struggle at times, you do suspend disbelief and go with it because Lind is so adorable, and you want to accept that the saccharine story line could have played out in real life just the way it's depicted in the film."[10]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: In its initial December 10, 2015 broadcast, Coat of Many Colors was seen by 13.03 million viewers and received a 1.8/6 rating/share in the 18-49 age demographic.[11] This marks the highest viewership for any television film (made for TV or theatrical) or miniseries on the broadcast networks since 2012.[12]

text: Awards[edit]

text: On April 3, 2016, Coat of Many Colors was honored during the Academy of Country Music Awards ceremony with the Tex Ritter Award, which is presented to a film released in the previous year that features country music. Dolly Parton accepted the award.[13]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In May 2016, it was announced that a sequel to the film is in the works. In Dolly Parton's Christmas of Many Colors: Circle of Love, Jennifer Nettles, Ricky Schroder, Gerald McRaney and Alyvia Alyn Lind reprised their roles. Stephen Herek returned to direct the sequel written by Pamela K. Long.[14] Dolly Parton herself also had a cameo. The film aired on NBC on November 30, 2016.[15]


document_title: Drunk driving law by country

question_text: what is the alcohol limit for driving in england

text: Drunk driving law by country

text: Asia[edit]

text: Central Asia[edit]

text:
Kyrgyzstan: 0.05%[1]
Mongolia: 0.05%[1]
Turkmenistan: 0[1]

text: East Asia[edit]

text:
China: 0.02%. Over 0.02% but under 0.08%: CN¥ 1000–2000 fine, six months licence suspension; Over 0.08%: up to three years imprisonment,[2] five years licence suspension. If the driver causes serious injuries or death, the license will be suspended for life.[3]
Hong Kong: 0.05% or BAC 0.22 mg/L or urine 0.067%. Driving under the influence of alcohol beyond legal limit is punishable with a monetary fine and up to three years imprisonment, with ten driving-offense points and mandatory Driving Improvement Course.[4]
Japan: BrAC 0.15 mg/L (equivalent to 0.03%). Additionally, regardless of alcohol readings, police may also determine the driver to be "driving drunk", which is punished more severely than exceeding the designated alcohol limits.[5]
Republic of Korea: 0.05%[6]
Taiwan: 0.05% (BrAC 0.15 mg/L). Over 0.05% but under 0.11%: TWD 15,000 to 90,000 fine, and license suspension for one year.[citation needed] 0.11% and above: license suspension for one year, and charge of offences against public safety with possible prison sentence up to two years as the maximum penalty. If the driver is convicted of causing accidents, the penalty shall be increased by half.[citation needed] If the driver causes serious injuries or death, the license will be suspended for life or even face the death penalty.

text: South Asia[edit]

text:
Afghanistan: 0[1]
India: 0.03%. This is according to section 185 of Motor Vehicles Act 1988. On a first offence, the punishment is imprisonment of six months, a fine of 2000 Indian Rupees (INR) or both. If the second offence is committed within three years, the punishment is two years, a fine of 3000 Indian Rupees (INR) or both. The clause of 30 mg/dL was added by an amendment in 1994. It came into effect beginning 14 November 1994.
Nepal: 0%. Breathalyzer testing is regularly used in major cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar and Highways. For more verification, driver will be taken to nearest hospitals for blood and urine test (if demanded by the driver). Licence will be seized instantly. Driver will get the licence back after attending anti-alcoholic classes run by Nepal Traffic Police and fine will be charged NRS 1000.[citation needed]
Pakistan: Falls under Drink and Drugs, S. No 14. No Set limit. 8 Penalty Points.[7]
Sri Lanka: 0.06%.[citation needed] Breathalyzer testing is not used routinely. If suspected by police the driver is produced before the closest government medical officer who examines and determines whether the driver is under influence. If the driver refuses examination by the medical officer he is considered to have been under influence by default.

text: Southeast Asia[edit]

text:
Brunei: Not applicable, alcohol is banned.
Cambodia: 0.01%[1]
Laos: 80 mg/100 ml of blood.[8][citation needed]
Indonesia: 0[1]
Malaysia: 0.08%, or 80 mg100 ml alcohol in blood.[9]
Philippines: 0.05%[10]
Singapore: 0.08% (80 mg/100 ml alcohol blood) or BrAC: 35 μg/100 ml alcohol in breath, strictly enforced.[citation needed]
Thailand: 0 for professional or commercial drivers, 0.05% for all other drivers.[1]
Vietnam: 50 mg/100 ml alcohol in blood motorbikes and 0 for cars or larger vehicles.[11]

text: Western Asia[edit]

text:
Turkey: 0.05%,[12] 0 for commercial transport and public service drivers.
Armenia: 0.04%[13]
Azerbaijan: 0[14]
Iran: Not applicable, alcohol is banned.
Israel: 0.024% 24 mg/100 ml alcohol in breath (penalties only apply above 26 mg/100 ml alcohol in breath due to lawsuits about sensitivity of devices used). New drivers, drivers under 24 years of age and commercial drivers 0.005% 5 mg/100 ml alcohol in breath.[15]
Jordan: 0.05.[1] Breathalyzer testing is not routinely used. If suspected by police the driver is produced before the closest government medical officer who examines and determines whether the driver is under influence.
Kuwait: Not applicable, alcohol is banned.
Lebanon: 0.02%, often unenforced.
Saudi Arabia: Not applicable, alcohol is banned.
Syria: often unenforced, unless heavily drunk and driving. License revoked for 1 to 3 month. 2000 Syrian pounds fine.
United Arab Emirates: 0[citation needed]

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Angola: 0.06%[16]
Algeria: 0.02%[1]
Benin: 0.05%[1]
Cape Verde: 0.08%[1]
Central African Republic: 0.08%[1]
Comoros: 0[1]
Congo: 0.01%[1]
Egypt: 0.05%[17]
Equatorial Guinea: 0.15%[1]
Eritrea: 0.03% for commercial or professional drivers, 0.05% for all other drivers.[1]
Ethiopia: 0.08[18]
The Gambia: No limit[1]
Ghana: 0.08%[1]
Guinea: 0.08%[1]
Guinea-Bissau: 0.15%[1]
Kenya: No limit[1]
Libya: 0[1]
Malawi: 0.08%[1]
Mauritius: 0.05%[1]
Morocco: 0.00%[1]
Namibia: 0.05%[1]
Niger: No limit[1]
Nigeria: 0.05%[19]
Seychelles: 0.08%[1]
South Africa: 0.05% and 0.02% for professional drivers (trucks over 3.5 tonnes, and vehicles carrying passengers for reward) National Road Traffic Act, 1996.
Togo: No limit[1]
Uganda: 0.08%[1]
Tanzania: 0 for professional or commercial drivers, 0.08% for all other drivers.[1]
Zambia: 0.08%[1]

text: North America[edit]

text: Canada[edit]

text: Canada: 0.05–0.08%

text: The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69 made it a per se offence to drive with a BAC in excess of 80 mg/100 ml of blood. Refusal of a police officer's demand to provide a breath sample was made an offence at the same time and both began as summary conviction offences, with a mandatory minimum $50 fine.[20]

text: Mexico[edit]

text: Mexico: 0.04–0.10%.[21]

text: United States[edit]

text: United States: Depends on state, 0.08% or 0.05% BAC by volume

text: In the United States, the blood alcohol level at which all states make it unlawful to operate a motor vehicle is 0.08, although it is possible to be convicted of impaired driving at a lower blood alcohol level.[22] Some states define two impaired driving offenses.[23]

text:
The first is the traditional offense, variously called driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), driving while intoxicated/impaired (DWI),[24] operating under the influence (OUI), or operating while intoxicated/impaired (OWI).[25]
The second and more recent is the so-called illegal per se offense of driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by volume (mass of alcohol/volume of blood) of 0.08% (previously 0.10%) or higher.

tag: ol

text: The first offense requires proof of intoxication, although evidence of BAC is admissible as rebuttably presumptive evidence of that intoxication; the second requires only proof of BAC at the time of being in physical control of a motor vehicle. An accused may potentially be convicted of both offenses as a result of a single incident, but may only be punished for one.[26] The differences between state penalties still varies. Wisconsin, for instance, is the only state that continues to treat first offense drunk driving arrests as forfeiture.[27]

text: Some states also include a lesser charge of driving with a BAC of 0.05%; other states limit this offense to drivers under the age of 21. All states and DC also now have zero tolerance laws: the license of anyone under 21 driving with any detectable alcohol in their bloodstream (BAC limits of 0.01% or 0.02% apply in some states, such as Florida.) will be suspended. In 2009, Puerto Rico joined these states, setting a limit of 0.02 for drivers under 21, despite maintaining a legal drinking age of 18.[28]

text: The blood alcohol limit for commercial drivers is 0.04%.[29] Pilots of aircraft may not fly within eight hours of consuming alcohol, while under the impairing influence of alcohol or any other drug, or while showing a blood alcohol concentration equal to or greater than 0.04 grams per decilitre of blood.[30]

text: Utah became the first U.S. state to lower the legal limit to .05% BAC by volume on March 24, 2017. The law takes effect on December 30, 2018.[31] The bill’s passage, HB155, was controversial in the state. A poll published on July 29, 2017 found 50 percent of Utahns supported the new law, but 47 percent opposed it.

text: In most states, the timing of the chemical test for suspected drunk driving is important because the law mandates a result within a given time period after the driving stopped, usually two hours.[citation needed]

text: Caribbean[edit]

text:
Bahamas: 0.06%[32]
Cuba: 0 for young or inexperienced drivers and professional or commercial drivers, 0.05% for all other drivers.[1]
Dominican Republic: 0.03%[1]
Jamaica: The law states that the legal alcohol limit is 35 μg/100 ml alcohol in breath or a blood alcohol level of 80 mg/100 ml alcohol in blood.[33]
Trinidad and Tobago: 35 μg/100 mL BrAC, 80 mg/ml BAC[34][35]

text: Central America[edit]

text:
Belize: 0.08%[1]
Costa Rica: 0.02%[1] for public transport, commercial drivers and new drivers, or 0.05% for all others results in a fine of CRC 280,000 (US$489.61 as of 27 July 2017). A BAC in excess of 0.05% for public transport, commercial drivers and new drivers or 0.075% for all others additionally results in a 1 to 3 year prison sentence, vehicle impoundment and 2 year licence suspension.[36]
El Salvador: 0.05%[1]
Guatemala: 0.08%[1]
Honduras: 0.07%[1]
Nicaragua: 0.05%[37]
Panama: 0.08%[1]

text: South America[edit]

text:
Argentina: 0% for public transport and commercial vehicles, 0.02% for motorcycles, and 0.05% for all others.[38]
Bolivia: 0.05% for professional drivers only.[39]
Brazil: Since 2008 Brazil practices a zero tolerance. If a driver is found to be driving with any BAC (up to .06%), the driver is to have their license suspended for 12 months, pay a fine of BRL 2,934.70 (doubled if recurrence) and will have the car seized. Anything above 0.06% is considered a criminal offense. [40][41]
Chile: From 15 March 2012, 0.03–0.08% the driver is considered to be driving under the influence and carries a three-month suspension and a fine of US$82–410 (as of 19 March 2012[update]); over 0.08% the driver is considered to be drunk and carries a prison term of 61 to 301 days, a fine of US$164–820 (as of 19 March 2012[update]) and a two-year suspension for the first offense, a five-year suspension for a second offense, and a life suspension for a third offense.[42]
Colombia: Colombia is known to have the toughest penalties against those driving under the influence in all of Latin America and practice a zero tolerance policy on DUIs. If a driver is found to be driving with 20–39 mg/100 ml ethanol in blood (equivalent to 0.02–0.039% BAC), the driver is to have their license suspended for a year, pay a fine of US$914 (as of 22 December 2013[update]), and serve twenty hours of community service. In the most extreme cases, if a driver is found to be driving with grade three alcohol (150 mg/100 ml ethanol in blood), the driver is to have their licence confiscated for ten years, pay a fine of US$7,314 (as of 22 December 2013[update]), and serve fifty hours of community service. If the driver gets in an accident and causes injuries and or deaths, the driver is to face between 2.5 and eighteen years of prison sentence.[43]
Ecuador: 0.01% for commercial or professional drivers; 0.03% for all other drivers.[1]
Guyana: 0.08%[1]
Paraguay: 0 [44]
Peru: Drivers below a 0.05% BAC will be given a warning. At a 0.05% and over, the driver will be given a fine and a license suspension of no less than six months and no more than two years. If the driver is involved in an accident without causing death or severe injury to another individual, he or she may possibly face jail time. If the driver's causes an accident with a BAC over 0.101%, involving death or severe injury to another party, he or she will receive a mandatory prison sentence of three to five years. The driver's license will also be permanently revoked.[citation needed]
Suriname: 0.05%[1]
Uruguay: 0 tolerance for every driver, professional or not (since January 2016)[1] The driver will have to pay a fine of US$464 (as of 29 April 2015[update]) and will have their licence suspended. Depending on the concentration of alcohol in blood and the times the driver was found guilty, the suspension goes from a minimum of six months to a maximum of two years.[45] If the driver causes an accident involving death, he or she will be charged with negligent homicide and will face a minimum of six months in prison.
Venezuela: 0.08%[1]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Note: Take zero to usually mean below detection limit.

text:
Albania: 0.01%[12]
Austria: 0.05%.[1] 0.01% for drivers who have held a licence for less than two years and drivers of vehicles over 7.5 tonnes[citation needed]
Belarus: 0.03%
Belgium: 0.05%[12] Fines and driving bans increase as the alcohol concentration in the blood increases.[46]
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 0.03% for all drivers except for drivers of C, CE, D and DE categories, public service drivers, professional drivers, driving instructors, and drivers younger than 21 years or without 3 years of experience, where limit is zero. [47]
Bulgaria: 0.05%[1]
Czech Republic: Zero[12]
Croatia: 0.05%. Zero for drivers aged 16 to 24 and professional drivers on duty.[48][49]
Cyprus: 0.05%[1]
Denmark: 0.05%, imprisonment if over 0.20%, zero if not driving safely. Fine: one month's pay after taxes × BAC × 10.[50]
Estonia: 0.019%[51]
Finland: 0.05%,[12] 0.12% (aggravated). The penalty is a fine or jail up to six months plus license suspension from one month to five years. For aggravated, also a prison sentence (sixty days to two years) is possible,[52] usually as a suspended sentence. Routine breath testing without a probable cause is permitted and often practiced. Penalties vary by level of intoxication.
France: 0.05% or 0.02% for new drivers (under three years of driving license) and bus drivers (€135 fine and six demerit points on the driver's license, which can be suspended for three years maximum),[12] 0.08% (aggravated, criminal offense, license suspension for three years, €4,500 fine, and up to two years imprisonment)
Georgia: 0.02%[1]
Germany: Zero for beginners (less than two years' experience or under the age of 21), professional drivers, bus drivers, truck drivers, and drivers transporting passengers commercially; 0.03% in conjunction with any other traffic offense or accident; 0.05% otherwise. For cyclists, the limit is set at 0.16%, where not in conjunction with any other traffic offense or accident. From 0.16%, cyclists face the same penalties as driving a car at that limit.[53]

Penalties start at a €500 fine and one-month license suspension. From 0.11%, the penalty is a €500 fine and the withdrawal of the driver's licence for at least six months, but usually about one year (penalty is set by the court); from 0.16%, reissue of the licence requires a successful Medical Psychological Assessment (MPU).[54] From 0.11% within ten years of an offence from 0.05%, there is a minimum €7003100000000000000♠1000 fine and a one-year licence withdrawal; the driver has to successfully pass an MPU and is required to prove to the court that they have been sober for the last twelve months, before they can get their licence back. For repeat offenses, the fine is multiplied by the ordinal of the offence (doubled, tripled, etc.), regardless of the amount by which the driver was over the limit. These minimum penalties are usually exceeded by the German courts. From 0.11%, the courts usually also require the DUI offender to do unpaid community service.
Gibraltar: 0.05%[55]
Greece: 0.05% (BrAC 0.25 mg/L),[12] reduced to 0.02% (BrAC 0.10 mg/L) for unlicensed or new drivers who have held a license for less than two years, motor cycle and professional drivers. Above 0.11% (BrAC 0.60 mg/L) it's considered a flagrant misdemeanor punishable with up to two years of imprisonment and a hefty fine in the court plus the revoking of the drivers licence for six months. Routine breath testing without a probable cause is permitted and practiced by the traffic police, especially on weekends and major holidays.
Hungary: Zero[1]
Iceland: 0.04%[12]
Ireland: 0.05% generally or 0.02% for learner drivers, newly qualified drivers (those who have their license for less than two years) and professional drivers, and those who do not have their driving license on them when stopped by the Gardaí (police).[56] Police do not need a reason to request a breath sample. Being convicted of drunk driving usually carries a two-year ban as well as a €1,500 fine.[57]
Italy: From 0.05% to 0.08% (€500-2,000 fine, three to six months license suspension), from 0.08% to 0.15% (aggravated, €800-3,200 fine, six to twelve months license suspension, up to six months imprisonment), over 0.15% (aggravated, €1,500-6,000 fine, one to two years license suspension, six to twelve months imprisonment, vehicle seizure and confiscation), zero for drivers with less than three years experience and professional drivers (bus, trucks, etc.). License is always revoked in case of: professional drivers, second offence committed within two years or in case of an accident. If the driver refuses examination he is considered to have been under influence by default applying the over 0.15% rules.[58] Limit is zero for newly qualified drivers (those who have their license for less than three years). Routine breath testing without a probable cause is permitted and practiced by various law enforcement agencies.
Latvia: 0.02% for drivers with less than two years of experience and 0.05% for those with more than two years of experience
Liechtenstein: 0.08%[citation needed]
Lithuania: 0.00% for taxi, truck, autobus, motorcycle drivers. 0.02% for drivers with less than two years of experience and 0.04% for those with more than two years of experience[12]
Luxembourg: 0.02% for professional drivers and drivers with less than two years of experience and 0.05% for the rest (€145 fine and two demerit points on the driving licence if caught). 0.08% earns you a citation, 0.12% means loss of license (since October 1, 2007)[59]
Macedonia: Zero for professional drivers, public service drivers, commercial transport and beginner drivers, 0.05% for all others[60]
Moldova: 0.03%[12]
Malta: 0.08%[12]
Netherlands: 0.05%,[12] 0.02% for drivers with less than five years' experience (or less than seven years' experience when the driver got his license before reaching the age of eighteen)
Norway: 0.02%.[12] Punishment depends on the alcohol level. 0.02% (fine, but one may also risk a suspended licence if any aggravated circumstances are present.), 0.05% (fine, suspended sentence and suspended license), 0.10% (fine, suspended or mandatory sentence and suspended license), 0.15% (fine, mandatory sentence and suspended license). The guidelines state that the fine for an alcohol level of more than 0.05% should be around 1.5 months base salary and usually not lower than 10,000 NOK. For 0.02 to 0.05% the fine is lower. Prison sentences are usually around three weeks to three months with a maximum of one year. The suspension period varies from less than a year to forever, when license is suspended forever, one may apply to get it back after five years.[61]
Poland: 0.02% (driving license banned from six months up to three years, jail up to one month), 0.05% (driving license banned from minimum three years, prison up to three years).[12] Limits and penalties for riding the bicycles were same as for motorized vehicles to December 2013. Almost half of people imprisoned for drunk driving were riding bicycles.[62]
Portugal: 0.05%. 0.02% for drivers with less than three years of experience[12]
Romania: 0.2%. Above 0.5 g/L imprisonment of one to five years. Between 0.2 and 0.5 g/L civil fine with possible suspended licence.[citation needed][63]
Russian Federation: 0.0356% since 1 September 2013,[64][65] previously zero since 2010[66][67]
Serbia: 0.03% for all, zero for motorcycle drivers, professional drivers, public service drivers, commercial transport and beginning drivers.[68] Starting 2018 it will be 0.02% for non professional drivers.
Slovakia: Zero[12]
Slovenia: Zero for drivers with three years or less experience and professional drivers, 0.24 mg/l (0.05%) for all others.[citation needed]
Spain: 0.05% BAC (0.25 mg/l BrAC)[69] and 0.03% BAC (0.15 mg/l BrAC) for drivers with less than two years experience and drivers of freight vehicles over 3.5 tonnes, and of passenger vehicles with more than nine seats. Surpassing the limit is a serious offence, fined with €500.[70] Driving with an alcohol rate over 0.12% is a crime (up to six months imprisonment and license suspension up to one years).[71]
Sweden: 0.02% (up to six months imprisonment), 0.10% (imprisonment, maximum two years).[72] Annually about 2.5 million random tests are performed for alcohol and about twelve thousand tests on suspicion of drugs.[73]
Switzerland: Zero for drivers with less than three years experience, 0.05%[12] for all others.
United Kingdom

Scotland: 50 mg/100 ml alcohol in blood or 22 μg/100 ml alcohol in breath (legislation became effective from 5 December 2014)[74]
England and Wales: 80 mg/100 ml alcohol in blood, 35 μg/100 ml alcohol in breath or 107 mg/100 ml alcohol in urine.[75]
Northern Ireland: 80 mg/100 ml alcohol in blood. As of November 2014[update] results of a public consultation regarding reduction of this limit were being considered,[76] with a reduction to fifty being thought likely[77]

Ukraine: 0.02%[78]

text: Britain[edit]

text: In British law it is a criminal offence to be drunk in charge of a motor vehicle. The definition depends on such things as being in or near the vehicle, and having access to a means of starting the vehicle's engine and driving it away (i.e., the keys to a vehicle). A passenger in the vehicle can also be prosecuted if the police can prove that they were driving under the influence at some point.[79]

text: The UK's drug driving laws were updated in 2015. The changes included: a new roadside testing kit, which could detect the presence of cocaine and cannabis in a suspect's saliva; zero tolerance limits for a number of illegal drugs, Limits were also set for certain prescription medications. The laws, however, did not end the use of the field impairment test, but made them more relevant for determining driver impairment by those drugs that are not now covered by the new legislation, or cannot be identified by the limited use of a device, that currently are only authorised for cannabis and cocaine.[80]

text: Further rules in the United Kingdom (UK)[edit]

text: In the UK, driving or attempting to drive whilst above the legal limit or unfit through drink carries a maximum penalty of six months' imprisonment, a fine of up to £5,000 and a minimum twelve months' disqualification. For a second offence committed within ten years of conviction, the minimum ban is three years. Being in charge of a vehicle whilst over the legal limit or unfit through drink could result in three months' imprisonment plus a fine of up to £2,500 and a driving ban. Causing death by careless driving when under the influence of alcohol or other drugs carries a maximum penalty of fourteen years in prison, a minimum two-year driving ban and a requirement to pass an extended driving test before the offender is able to drive legally again.

text: It is an offence to refuse to provide a specimen of breath, blood or urine for analysis. The penalties for refusing are the same as those for actual drunk driving.

text: The offence of driving whilst under the influence of alcohol is one to which there is no defence, as such (although defences such as duress or automatism, which are not specific to the offence of driving with excess alcohol, may apply in certain rare circumstances). However, it may be possible to argue that special reasons exist which are such that you should not be disqualified from driving despite having committed the offence. Special reasons are notoriously difficult to establish and the burden of proof is always upon the accused to establish them. Such reasons may include:

text:
shortness of distance driven
unintentional commission of the offence (i.e., laced drinks)
emergencies

text: Magistrates' sentencing guidelines[edit]

text: In England and Wales, when DWI offenders appear before a magistrates' court, the magistrates have guidelines they refer to before they decide on a suitable sentence to give the offender. These guidelines are issued by the Sentencing Guidelines Council[81] and cover offences for which sentence is frequently imposed in a magistrates' court when dealing with adult offenders.

text: Offences can either be tried summarily which means they can only be heard in the magistrates' court or they can be either way offences which means magistrates may find their sentencing powers are insufficient and indict the case to crown court. The majority of drunk driving offences are summary only offences which can only be tried in a magistrates' court. Only the most serious offences such as a collision, death or injury involved are indicted to crown court. The maximum sentence magistrates can usually impose is a £5,000 fine, a six-month prison sentence or both.

text: As with England and Wales, road traffic law in Scotland is in the main framed within the Road Traffic Act 1988 as amended. Prosecution and disposal of drink-drive offences is broadly similar to England and Wales with less serious cases prosecuted on complaint through the sheriff summary courts. Cases involving aggravations, life-changing or fatal injuries are prosecuted on indictment via the sheriff solemn or high court. As with most UK-wide legislation, the penalties and sentencing guidelines for drunk driving in Scotland mirror those in effect in England and Wales.

text: Oceania[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Road laws are state or territory based, but all states and territories have set similar rules.

text: Australian law allow police officers to stop any driver and perform a random breath test without reason. Roadblocks can be set up (for example, leading out of town centres on Friday and Saturday nights and after football matches or other major events), where every single driver will be breath-tested.

text: This differs from UK and US laws where police generally need a reason to suspect that the driver is intoxicated before requesting a breath or sobriety test. It is an offence to refuse to provide a sample of breath when requested with severe penalties including prison.[82]

text: Australian Capital Territory[edit]

text:
0 for drivers or riders holding a learner, provisional, restricted or probationary license and for drivers operating heavy vehicles over 15t GVM or driving a public vehicle for hire or reward (for example taxi and bus drivers).[83]
0.05% for all other drivers.

text: New South Wales[edit]

text:
Zero for Learner and Provisional licences.[84]
0.02% for drivers of vehicles of "gross vehicle mass" greater than 13.9 tonnes, vehicles carrying dangerous goods or public vehicles such as a taxi or bus.
0.05% for all other drivers
0 limit for methamphetamine, Cannabis and MDMA.

text: Northern Territory[edit]

text:
0 for provisional (probationary) licence holders and all motorcyclists.
0.05% for all other drivers.

text: Queensland[edit]

text:
A 0 limit applies to the drivers of trucks, buses, articulated vehicles, vehicles carrying dangerous goods, pilot vehicles, taxis, all learner drivers and provisional drivers and RE class licensed motorcyclists in their first twelve months.[85]
0.05% for other drivers.[86]
0 limit for methamphetamine, Cannabis and MDMA.[86]

text: South Australia[edit]

text:
0 limit for learner, provisional, probationary, heavy (greater than fifteen tonnes) vehicle, taxis, licensed chauffeured vehicles, dangerous goods, and bus licenses.
0.05% for all other drivers.
0 limit for methamphetamine, Cannabis and MDMA.

text: Tasmania[edit]

text:
0 limit for learner, provisional, truck, bus, and taxi licences.
0.05% for all other drivers.
0 limit for methamphetamine, Cannabis and MDMA.

text: Victoria[edit]

text:
0 limit applies for unlicensed drivers, holders of learner permits and probationary licences, "professional" drivers, and certain relicensed drunk-drivers.
0.05% for all other drivers.
0 limit for methamphetamine, Cannabis and MDMA.

text: There are also other restrictions for drivers in Victoria:

text:
Limits apply within three hours of driving - that is, police can require a person to submit to an alcohol or drugs test within three hours of driving and it is an offense to fail that test, unless the drug or alcohol use occurred after driving (see Road Safety Act 1986, ss. 49, 53 and 55E).
Licenses cancelled for certain serious drunk-driving offenses may only be reissued after obtaining a court order. This is the case for repeat offenders, and first offenders above 0.15% . In such cases, the relicensed driver is subject to a 0 limit for three years following relicensing, or for as long as the person is required to use an alcohol interlock.
Alcohol interlocks must be imposed whenever a repeat drunk-driver is relicensed.
A court also has discretion to impose an alcohol interlock when relicensing a first offender in certain serious cases, generally when the offense involves a BAC of 0.15% or higher.
The law requires interlocks to be used for certain minimum periods, but the requirement to use an interlock does not automatically end at the completion of the minimum period. Once that period has expired, an individual may apply to a court to have the interlock condition removed from their driver's licence. The State Police must be given notice of the application and may make submissions to the court on whether the interlock condition should be removed. The court will also take into account data recorded by the interlock itself (e.g., whether any attempts were made to start the vehicle by a person who had been drinking).
Driving without an interlock when one is required carries severe penalties, including imprisonment.
If a doctor sees any patient who is aged fifteen years or over as a result of a motor vehicle accident, the patient must allow the doctor to take a blood sample for testing for alcohol and drug content in a way that preserves the chain of evidence. If this process is skipped the doctor may not be able to discover the alcohol blood level. The results can be used as evidence in subsequent court proceedings.
The law allows a police officer to require any driver (or any person who has driven a vehicle within the last three hours) to perform a random saliva test for methamphetamine, Cannabis or MDMA, all of which are subject to a zero limit (see Road Safety Act 1986: ss. 49, 55E & 55D)

text: Western Australia[edit]

text:
0 for learner and probationary licence holders and persons convicted of driving under the influence or failing to comply with a request for breath, blood or urine (for three years after the offense).
0.05% for all other drivers.

text: Readings over 0.08% but under 0.15% BAC, and 0.15% BAC and above (legally defined as Drunk Driving) comprise separate offenses, the latter attracting heavier penalties. Persistent offenders may be barred from driving for terms up to and including life, and may also be imprisoned.

text: The law allows a police officer to require any driver to perform a random saliva test for methamphetamine, Cannabis or MDMA, all of which are subject to a zero limit.

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: New Zealand operates a program called Compulsory Breath Testing, which allows police to stop motorists at any time. CBT is usually carried out at roadside checkpoints but mobile patrol cars can also randomly stop motorists to administer a test. The police also carry out roadside drug tests upon motorists they suspect have used drugs.[87]

text: The system in New Zealand is age-based.[88] the limits are:

text:
0 limit for persons under twenty years.
0.05% BAC or 250μg/L breath for persons twenty years and over.

text: The penalties for exceeding the limits are:

text:
Persons under twenty years, up to 0.03% BAC, 150 μg/L breath: instant NZ$200 fine and fifty demerit points.
Persons under twenty years, 0.03–0.08% BAC, 150–400 μg/L breath: up to three months imprisonment, up to NZ$2,250 fine or both; loss of licence for three months or more.
Persons twenty years and over, 0.051–0.08% BAC, 251–400 μg/L breath: instant NZ$200 fine and fifty demerit points. twelve hour prohibition from driving immediately after[89]
All persons over 0.08% BAC, 400 μg/L breath (first and second offenses): up to three months imprisonment, up to NZ$4,500 fine or both; loss of licence for six months or more.
All persons over 0.08% BAC, 400 μg/L breath (third and subsequent offenses): two years imprisonment; NZ$6,000 fine; loss of licence for one year or more.

text: Note that penalties apply to the lowest reading taken across both breath and blood tests. For example, if a driver twenty years or over has a breath test result of 426 μg/L but a subsequent blood test returns 0.077% BAC, then the driver is not charged with any drink driving offence despite the breath reading being over the breath alcohol limit. The penalty for injuring or killing someone when under the influences is the same as dangerous driving (up to five years imprisonment, up to NZ$20,000 or both; loss of licence for one year or more).

text: Other countries in Oceania[edit]

text:
French Polynesia: 0.05%[citation needed]
Micronesia: 0.05%[1]
Palau: 0 for new or inexperienced drivers and commercial or professional drivers, 0.10% for all other drivers.[1]