document_title: Honda Civic Type R

question_text: where is the 2018 civic type r made

question_tokens: where is the 2018 civic type r made

text: Honda Civic Type R

text: MK1 Type-R (EK9 chassis) (1997–2000) (based on 6th generation Civic) [edit]

text:
First generation(EK9)
OverviewProduction
1997–2000Assembly
Suzuka, JapanBody and chassisBody style
3-door hatchbackLayout
Transversely-mounted, Front-engine, front-wheel-drivePowertrainEngine
1.6 L (1,595 cc) B16B I4Power output
185 PS (182 bhp; 136 kW) and 160 N⋅m (118 lbf⋅ft) of torqueTransmission
5-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
2,620 mm (103 in)Length
4,180.8 mm (164.6 in)kWidth
1,694.2 mm (66.7 in)Height
1,358.9 mm (53.5 in)Curb weight
1,090 kg (2,400 lb)

text: The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic. The contributing base model was the JDM Civic 3-door hatchback called SiR, code named EK4. Like its big brother the Integra Type R DC2/JDM DB8, the Civic SiR's transformation into a Type R was achieved by working on the base model and improving it to Honda's idea of a car capable of high performance on the circuit.

text: The first Civic to receive the Type R badge was introduced in August 1997, as the EK9. The EK9 shared many characteristics with the Integra Type R DC2/ JDM DB8 such as omission of sound deadening and other weight reduction measures, a hand-ported B16B engine, front helical limited-slip differential and close ratio gearbox. The B16B engine boasted one of the highest power output per litre of all time for a naturally aspirated engine with 185 PS (136 kW; 182 bhp) at 8,200 rpm and 160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) at 7,500 rpm of torque from 1.6 L (1,595 cc) of displacement.[1] For the first time, a strategically seam welded monocoque chassis was used to improve chassis rigidity. The interior featured red seats, red door cards, red Type R floor mats, a titanium shift knob, and a Momo leather-wrapped steering wheel.

text: In 1998, the Civic Type R Motor Sports edition was released. It came with steel wheels, no air conditioning, no power windows, no power steering, no radio, and came with the standard Type R interior.

text: Type Rx model was given a CD player, body coloured retractable electric door mirrors, power windows, auto air conditioning, keyless entry unlock system, aluminium sports pedals, and a carbon type centre panel.

text: In 2000, Honda tuning company Spoon Sports designed a N1 racing version of the Type R that had the B16B redline increased from 8,400 rpm to 11,000 rpm.[2]

text: MK2 Type-R (EP3 chassis) (2001–2005) (based on 7th generation Civic) [edit]

text:
Second generation(EP3)
OverviewProduction
2001–2006Assembly
Swindon, England (HUM)Body and chassisBody style
3-door hatchbackLayout
FF layoutPowertrainEngine
2.0 L 215 PS (158.1 kW) K20A I42.0 L 200 PS (147.1 kW) K20A2 I4Transmission
6-speed manualDimensionsLength
4,140.2 mm (163 in)Width
1,694.2 mm (66.7 in)Height
1,424.9 mm (56.1 in)Curb weight
1,204 kg (2,654 lb)

text: In 2001 Honda introduced the next generation of the Civic Type R as a unique 3-door hatchback to the UK market, which was manufactured in Swindon, England. This European Domestic Market Civic Type R featured a 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) 2.0L i-VTEC engine (K20A2) and the regular Type R treatment of seam welding, close ratio 6-speed transmission and uprated brakes, but did not include some of the other higher-end features, such as the helical LSD and red Recaro race-seats, that were standard in the previous generation EK9. However, Honda of Japan marketed a JDM (Japanese domestic market) version of the EP3 (which was exclusively manufactured in Swindon, UK and was shipped to Japan), which retained the highly renowned helical LSD similar to that of the EK9 and red Recaro race-seats. Other differences included a more track-oriented chassis/undercarriage settings as compared to the EDM, as well as a 215 PS (158 kW; 212 hp) i-VTEC engine (K20A) had a fully balanced crankshaft assembly with different intake manifold, exhaust manifold, higher-lift camshafts, higher-compression pistons, chrome-moly flywheel and ECU programming. All of the Japan-spec K20A Type-R powertrain were built in Japan and shipped to the Swindon plant to be installed in the Japan-spec Type-R EP3. The JDM EP3 was also available in the traditional Type R championship white while the EDM was not. The EDM has more relaxed gear ratios and some high rpm torque traded for low rpm torque compared to the JDM.

text: In 2004 the EP3 was updated with many improvements – revised EPS with quicker steering, revised suspension settings, projector headlamps (JDM came equipped with halogens only while the EDM came with an option for HIDs with self-leveling motors), lighter clutch and flywheel assembly etc. Based on Honda literature, this facelifted (FL) model was targeted at addressing customers' and critics' feedback such as understeer on the limit (due to the front MacPherson strut setup), numb steering response and lack of low end torque.[citation needed]

text: The base price for the 2001 Civic Type R (EP3) in the United Kingdom was of £23,100 (about US$34,650).[3]

text: Performance (all figures are manufacturer claims)

text:
0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.8/6.5 seconds (JDM/EDM pre-FL), 5.8/6.4 secs (JDM/EDM FL) 0–100 mph (62 mph) in 15.1/16 secs (JDM/EDM FL)
Top speed 141 mph (227 km/h) and 146 mph (235 km/h) (JDM/EDM)

text: Mugen Motorsports made an upgraded version of the JDM Civic Type R, with a sport exhaust system and engine tuning, special Mugen Grille, and anti-roll bars for pro racing activities.

text: 30th Anniversary Special Edition[edit]

text: In 2003 Honda celebrated 30 years of the Civic badge by offering a special edition 30th Anniversary Civic Type R. This special edition features red bucket seats from Recaro, air conditioning, privacy glass on the rear windows, a leather MOMO steering wheel and red carpet and door cards. The 30th Anniversary models in the UK were available in Nighthawk Black, Satin Silver and Milano Red. Only 300 of these models were produced, 100 in each colour.

text: Premier Special Edition[edit]

text: In 2005 Honda introduced the Premier edition which had Recaro Trendline seats (similar to those found in the Anniversary Edition, only in red and black rather than all red), a darker shade of fabric on the rear seat centre sections, a MOMO Steering Wheel, Red Carpet, Door Linings, "Type R" embossed into the front brake calipers and black privacy glass on the rear windows. Air conditioning was an option. They were available in Milano Red, Nighthawk Black, Cosmic Grey and Satin Silver.

text: C Package[edit]

text: In 2004 Honda introduced the "C Package" option (¥330,000 JPY) to Japan's Civic Type R line-up which included an additional colour, Satin Silver Metallic, HID lighting, rear privacy glass, automatic air conditioner and outside air temperature sensor.[4]

text: MK3 Type-R (FD2/FN2 chassis) (2006–2011) (based on 8th generation Civic)[edit]

text:
Third generation(FN2/FD2)
OverviewProduction
2006–2011Assembly
Suzuka, Japan (FD2)Swindon, England (HUM) (FN2)Body and chassisBody style
4-door sedan (FD2)3-door hatchback (FN2)Layout
FF layoutPowertrainEngine
2.0 L 225 PS (165.5 kW) K20A I4 (FD2)2.0 L 201 PS (147.8 kW) K20Z4 I4 (FN2)Transmission
6-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
Hatchback: 2,620 mm (103 in)Sedan: 2,700 mm (106 in)Length
Hatchback: 4,269.7 mm (168.1 in)Sedan: 4,539.0 mm (178.7 in)Width
Hatchback: 1,785.6 mm (70.3 in)Sedan: 1,770.4 mm (69.7 in)Height
Hatchback: 1,445.3 mm (56.9 in)Sedan: 1,430.0 mm (56.3 in)Curb weight
Hatchback: 1,320 kg (2,910 lb)Sedan: 1,260 kg (2,780 lb)

text: The third generation Civic Type R was offered in two distinct forms: one developed for the European market and one for the Japanese domestic market, matching the availability of their regular 8th generation counterpart.

text: FD2 chassis (Asian version)[edit]

text: The Japanese market Civic Type R (FD2) went on sale on 30 March 2007. For the first time, the JDM Civic Type R was sold as a four-door sports sedan rather than a three-door hot hatch. The FD2 Type R was bigger, wider and heavier than the EP3 Type R. The wheelbase grew from 2,570 mm (101.2 in) to 2,700 mm (106.3 in), giving the FD2R more stability in high speed cornering. The Japanese model's engine output is higher than the European version's, with 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) being developed at 8000 rpm and 215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) of torque peaking at 6100 rpm (versus 201 PS (148 kW; 198 hp) at 7800 rpm and 193 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) at 5600 rpm for the European model). The base engine itself is borrowed from the Accord Euro R CL7 with its longer intake manifold.[citation needed] Changes have been made to the block in terms of mounting points for ancillary parts making it different from previous K20A. New technology such as drive-by-wire throttle and porting of the intake valve ports using techniques from the NSX are implemented.[citation needed] Honda says mid-range is increased by 10 PS (7 kW; 10 hp). Drive is fed through a close-ratio six-speed gearbox, and a helical limited slip differential is fitted as standard. The front brake discs are 320 mm (12.6 in) diameter and fitted with four pot Brembo calipers. Tire size is 225/40 R18 running on Bridgestone Potenza RE070.

text: Honda claims the chassis is 50% more rigid than the previous Japan-only prefacelift DC5 Integra Type R and 25% more rigid than the previous Japan-only facelift DC5 Integra Type R, and the new model features an independent rear suspension rather than the torsion beam configuration used on the latest European Civic Type-R.[5] To save weight, aluminium is used extensively and bonded with adhesive instead of welded. Though the chassis is larger and more rigid than JDM Integra Type R, it is only 70 kg (154 lb) heavier.[6]

text: Exterior wise, the front bumper is wider and different from the standard Civic designed aerodynamically. The rear bumper features a diffuser built into the bumper and completing the aero package with a huge rear wing. Inside, the trademark black and red bucket seats are no longer made by Recaro as with previous versions, but designed in house by Honda. Also gone is the Momo made steering wheel, instead replaced by a Honda made version. The familiar red-on-black colour scheme or black-on-black scheme is offered on Championship White and Super Platinum Metallic Silver while a black-on-black scheme with red stitching is for the Vivid Blue Pearl only.

text: In October 2008, the Civic received a minor face lift. The standard and hybrid versions now had a similar front bumper as the Type R while the head lamps gets a smoked tint and also redesigned tail lamps changes the round insets into octagons. The Type R also received new colours, with Premium White Pearl, Premium Deep Violet Pearl and Crystal Black Pearl being added and the Vivid Blue Pearl color was dropped.

text: In back to back tests the Civic Type R (FD2) was on average 1 second quicker than the Integra Type-R (DC5) at the Tsukuba Circuit and four seconds faster at the longer Suzuka Circuit.[6]

text: In a back to back test on the United Kingdom TV program Fifth Gear, the FD2 Type-R was three seconds quicker than the equivalent FN2 UK version around Castle Combe Circuit in the wet.[7]

text: Only about 13,000 units of FD2 Civic Type R were produced until it ceased production in August 2010 due to failure to meet the upcoming emission requirements. Following the previous success following the introduction of the FN2 Civic Type R from Europe in 2009, another batch of FN2 Type R with minor updates were available in fall 2010.[8] The FN2 Type R has 197 hp (147 kW) vs the 222 hp (166 kW) output in the FD2 Type R.[9]

text: Civic Mugen RR (Honda ABA-FD2)[edit]

text: In addition to Civic Type R, 300 Honda Civic Mugen RR cars available exclusively in Milano Red had also been produced for Japanese market, which reduced weight to 1,255 kg (2,767 lb) using CFRP bumpers and aluminium for the bonnet. The engine is rated at 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 8000 rpm and 218 N⋅m (161 lb⋅ft) torque at 7000 rpm achieved through Mugen parts such as camshafts, exhaust system and ECU. Other exclusive items that make this a collector's item are Recaro SP-X seats and other Mugen items inside while special 18 inch Mugen 7-spoke wheels come equipped as standard. This version cost ¥4,777,500 (4,550,000+tax) (US$38,750) and went on sale in Japan on 13 September 2007.[10]

text: Mugen also debuted the Civic Type-RR Experimental Spec concept car at the 2008 Tokyo Auto Salon, which featured a 2157 cc K20A engine rated with horsepower of 260 PS (191 kW; 256 hp) at 8250 rpm and torque of 237 N⋅m (175 lb⋅ft) at 6750 rpm. Weight is further reduced using an aluminium hood (4.6 kg (10 lb)), as well as a new titanium exhaust system (7.6 kg (17 lb)). The interior was also updated with more carbon fiber parts. The car also features Intelligent-Tire Condition Monitoring System (i-TCMS) and Recaro seats.[11]

text: The Honda Civic Mugen RR Advanced Concept was debuted at the 2009 Tokyo Auto Salon, based on the face-lifted FD2. It has a weight of 1,095 kg (2,414 lb).[12] Brake disc size was increased to 340 mm (13.4 in) diameter (320 mm (12.6 in) in Type R/RR).[13]

text: Civic Mugen RC (2008–)[edit]

text: A race version called Honda Civic Mugen RC was also been produced, designed for the 2008 Honda Exciting Cup Civic One-Make Race-Civic Series.[14] The engine is the stock K20A engine from FD2 Honda Civic Type R. It came in the following models:

text:
Basic: ¥6,247,500 (5,950,000+tax).
Standard: ¥7,192,500 (6,850,000+tax). It adds racing wheel package (Mugen RC 18-inch wheel with Yokohama tire), brake package (front+rear brake pads), seat and steering (Recaro bucket seat, seat rail, steering wheel with box, TAKATA harness), carbon inner part option A (carbon fibre right floor cover panel, footrest, door lining).
Complete: ¥7,822,500 (7,450,000+tax). It adds carbon inner part option B (carbon-fibre console box, left floor cover panel, centre pillar cover), engine package (engine rebalancing and calibration)[15]

text: The Civic Mugen RC was built in Mugen's M-TEC factory.[16]

text: FN2 chassis (European version)[edit]

text: The European market Civic Type R is offered only as a three-door hatchback and uses a different chassis and internal layout (notably tank placement below the driver's seat), which will serve as base for the next European Jazz. The rear suspension, formerly a double wishbone setup, has been changed to a less complex torsion beam axle. The drive train is largely the same as the outgoing model, offering 201 PS (148 kW; 198 hp) at 7,800 rpm and 193 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,600 rpm,[17] with 90 percent of peak torque is available from 2,500 rpm.[18] It runs on 225/40 R18 Y88 Bridgestone Potenza RE050A tyres, while optional 19-inch Rage alloys run on Yokohama Advan Sport 225/35 ZR19 88Y tyres. The car has a curb weight of 1,320 kg (2,910 lb).

text: The suggested retail price (MSRP) for the Civic Type R in 2007 was £17,627, or about US$35,254 at the exchange rate when launched.[19]

text: Versions[edit]

text: Type R GT includes, dual zone climate control (Left:right independent), rain sensing windscreen wipers, refrigerated glove box, automatic headlights with dusk sensor, front fog lights, power folding door mirrors, cruise control, front and rear curtain airbags. It is finished in the same four colours as the standard FN2, and a new addition the range, deep sapphire blue pearl. As often, names and trims vary even within domain markets down to local ones, and a Heritage version replaces GT version in some of them, adding Xenon/HID lights to the mix. The topping Heritage Navi version adds Bluetooth telephone system and voice recognition DVD satellite navigation. A more radical version dubbed Race differs from the Heritage by removing components (incl. HID, AC, fog lights, audio system, sound proofing, some airbags) to reduce weight as much as 40 kg (88 lb). Finally, together with the 2009 revision to all 8th generation EDM Civic variants (adding for example a USB iPod-compatible plug to the audio system), a special edition called Championship White comes in the eponymous Honda colour, with matching white 18" wheels (19" white optional). This edition adds an exclusive limited slip differential to a Heritage trim level, which Honda touted at the Paris Motor Show as helping the car shave off more than a second to its undisclosed Tsukuba lap time.[citation needed] Models made from 1 March 2010 had LSDs fitted as standard.

text: Production for the European market finished in October 2010 due to the engine not meeting Euro V emissions regulations which came into effect in 2011. Over 12,000 Civic Type Rs were sold in the UK since January 2007, Honda continued to export the car to the Australian market into 2011. It was also exported to Japan and marketed as Civic Type-R EURO in limited edition in fall 2010, following a successful run in November 2009.[20]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Top Gear Magazine awarded the European Civic Type R its 'Hot Hatch of 2007',[21] praising the car's controls and comparing it favourably as a driver's car to its rivals, the Stig qualifying it as 'an utter gem'.[22] However the television show Top Gear later criticized the new FN2 Chassis version, due to the different suspension and added weight. Jeremy Clarkson said it "just doesn't feel that quick" and that "all the poise and controllability that you used to get in the old car is just sort of... gone".

text: Australia[edit]

text: The FN2 Civic Type R was available in Australia from mid-2007 until 2011.[18]

text: Singapore[edit]

text: In Singapore, the FN2 Civic Type R Hatchback (European version) was sold by authorized dealer,[23] while the FD2 sedan was sold thru parallel importers.[24]

text: Malaysia[edit]

text: The FD2 Civic Type R was officially launched to the Malaysian market on 2 August 2007.[citation needed]

text: Japan[edit]

text: The FD2 sedan was initially the only model available in Japan, but as of November 2009, Honda imported the European FN2 hatchback in limited numbers (about 2,010 units), giving it the name Civic Type R EURO. A second batch of 1,500 was imported in fall 2010 due to the initial sales success, with the colour Crystal Black Pearl added.[citation needed]

text: MK4 Type-R (FK2 chassis) (2015–2017) (based on 9th generation Civic) [edit]

text:
Fourth generation(FK2)
OverviewProduction
2015–2017Assembly
Swindon, England (HUKM)Body and chassisBody style
5-door hatchbackLayout
FF layoutPowertrainEngine
2.0 L (1,996 cc) K20C1 turbocharged I4Power output
310 PS (306 bhp; 228 kW) and 400 N⋅m (295 lbf⋅ft) of torqueTransmission
6-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
2,594 mm (102 in)Length
173 in (4,390 mm)Width
74 in (1,878 mm)Height
58 in (1,466 mm)

text: In September 2012, there were rumours about the confirmation of the next-generation Honda Civic Type R at the Paris Motor Show.[25] A preview didn't take place until the Geneva Motor Show in March 2014.[26] It was revealed as the first factory turbocharged Civic Type R.

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2015, Honda announced that the production-ready model of the 4th Generation Civic Type R would debut at the 85th Geneva Motor Show alongside the European debut of the NSX.[27] In March 2015, Honda debuted the production 4th generation Civic Type R at the Geneva Motor Show.

text: Features[edit]

text: Engine Performance and Specifications[edit]

text: The Honda Civic Type R is powered by K20C1 Direct Fuel Injection 1,996 cc (2.0 L; 121.8 cu in) turbocharged Inline-four engine with Earth Dreams Technology, producing 228 kW (310 PS; 306 bhp) at 6,500 rpm and maximum torque of 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 2,500–4,500 rpm. The engine is mated to a 6-speed manual transmission with a factory equipped plate-style limited-slip differential. Honda states that the Type R reaches 0–62 mph (100 km/h) in 5.7 seconds.

text: The engine is manufactured at Honda's Anna Engine Plant in Ohio before being exported to the UK.[28]

text: A full refill of an empty fuel tank is 50 L (13 US gal) and fuel consumption is 30.1/46.3 mpg and 38.7 mpg combined. Combined CO2 is 170g/km and the Civic Type R has achieved Euro 6 Emission Standard.[citation needed]

text: Safety Features[edit]

text: The Civic Type R is equipped with dual front airbags, front side airbags and front and rear side curtain airbags. For braking performance, it is fitted with front brake of 13.8 inch vented and drilled disk and rear brake of 12 inch solid disk. Anti-lock braking system, electronic brake-force distribution, hill start assist, and vehicle stability assist are standard across the variants.

text: Available Colors[edit]

text: The Civic Type R FK2 was available in a range of five different colours.

text:
Name
Color
Paint Code

Championship White

NH0

Crystal Black Pearl

NH731P

Milano Red

R81

Brilliant Sporty Blue Metallic

B593M

Polished Metal Metallic

NH737M

text: Special Edition[edit]

text: The final 100 FK2 Type Rs were released only in the UK as Black Editions.[29]

text: Regions[edit]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: The British got to witness its sale as of July 2015 with price tags of GBP 29,995 for the base Type R model and £32,295 for the Type R GT model. Although they both were priced differently, differences are limited to additional equipment and amenities. Key specifications related to power figures remain the same for both variants.[30]

text: Japan[edit]

text: In July 2015, Swindon, England (HUM) started exporting the FK2 Civic Type R to Japan for the first time. However, Japan will only receive 750 units.[31]

text: Hong Kong[edit]

text: The 2016 Honda Civic Type R was sold in Hong Kong through official dealerships. Import car dealers were also offering grey market Japanese FK2 imports. Due to strong demand, FK2s reserved through official dealers had a car delivery wait time of 4 months.[citation needed]

text: MK5 Type-R (FK8 chassis) (2017–present) (based on 10th generation Civic)  [edit]

text:
Fifth generation(FK8)
OverviewProduction
2017–presentAssembly
Swindon, England (HUKM)Body and chassisBody style
5-door hatchbackLayout
Transversely-mounted, front-engine, front-wheel-drivePowertrainEngine
2.0 L (1,996 cc) K20C1 turbo I4Power output
America & Asia: 310 PS (306 bhp; 228 kW); Europe & Japan: 320 PS (316 bhp; 235 kW)and 400 N⋅m (295 lbf⋅ft) of torqueTransmission
6-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
2,700 mm (106 in)Length
4,557 mm (179 in)Width
1,877 mm (74 in)Height
1,434 mm (56 in)

text: The Civic Type R Prototype was unveiled in September 2016 at the Paris Motor Show, and the production version unveiled at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show, ahead of the model’s European launch in the summer. The new car builds on Honda’s heritage in developing high-performance hatchbacks.[32][33]

text: The design is based on the Civic hatchback, with a winged carbon fibre splitter with red accent line, slatted ducts, diamond-mesh air intakes, red 'H' badge above a new air vent at the nose of the car, new intake on the bonnet, an air scoop sited centrally in a trapezoidal recess, smoked lenses for the LED headlights and indicators and side repeaters, carbon fibre side skirts, 20-inch piano black alloy wheels with red accents, 245/30 R20 high-performance tyres, enlarged wheel arches, carbon fibre diffuser runs below the wider rear bumper, 3 tailpipes with a pair of directional strakes at each side, central tailpipe in bright metallic red, unique peaks at the roof flanks point backwards.

text: On 3 April 2017, the pre-production Type R achieved a lap time of 7:43.80 on the Nürburgring Nordschleife, almost 7 seconds faster than its predecessor, setting a new record for FWD cars.[34]

text: The Civic Type R went on sale in the United States on 14 June 2017, marking the first time the Civic Type R name was sold in the U.S market.[35] It comes with a starting price of $33,900 and is available in 5 colors.[36]

text: In the UK, Civic Type R demonstrator models were available for consumer test drives in August 2017, with official delivery and sale dates coinciding with national vehicle registration plate changes on 1 September. The base model was available at launch for £30,995, with the more optioned GT model retailing for £32,995.[37]

text: The Civic Type R was launched in Indonesia during the 2017 Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 10 August 2017, with a starting price of IDR 995 million (around US$74,500 as of August 2017) at selected Honda dealers.[38]

text: In Singapore, the Civic Type R was officially launched by the local distributor on 27 July 2017 in limited numbers.[citation needed]

text: In Malaysia, the Civic Type R was launched on October 2017 during the Malaysia Autoshow with a price of RM320,000.[citation needed]

text: The FK8 Civic Type R has won many accolades and awards. It was crowned Top Gear Magazines Hot Hatch of the Year 2017, it was also voted International Editors’ Choice and overall Car of the Year 2017. [39]

text:
Exterior Colors
Honda Civic Type R (FK8)

Canada
Japan
U.S.
E.U.

Championship White

✔
✔
✔
✔

Crystal Black Pearl

✔
✔
✔
✔

Rallye Red

✔
✘
✔
✔

Flame Red

✘
✔
✘
✘

Brilliant Sporty Blue Metallic

✘
✔
✘
✔

Aegean Blue Metallic

✘
✘
✔
✘

Polished Metal Metallic

✘
✘
✔
✔

Sonic Grey Pearl

✘
✘
✘
✔


document_title: The Incredible Hulk (film)

question_text: who plays the hulk in the incredible hulk

root

text: The Incredible Hulk (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: At Culver University in Virginia, General Thunderbolt Ross meets with Dr. Bruce Banner, the colleague and boyfriend of his daughter Betty, regarding an experiment that Ross claims is meant to make humans immune to gamma radiation. The experiment — part of a World War II era "super soldier" program that Ross hopes to recreate — fails, and the exposure to gamma radiation causes Banner to transform into the Hulk for brief periods of time, whenever his heart rate rises above 200. The Hulk destroys the lab and injures or kills the people inside. Banner becomes a fugitive from the U.S. military and Ross in particular, who wants to weaponize the Hulk process.

tag: p

text: Five years later,[N 1] Banner works at a bottling factory in Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, while searching for a cure for his condition. On the Internet, he collaborates with a colleague he knows only as "Mr. Blue", and to whom he is "Mr. Green". He is also learning Yoga techniques to help keep control, and has not transformed in five months. After Banner cuts his finger, a drop of his blood falls into a bottle, and is eventually ingested by an elderly consumer in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, giving him gamma sickness. Using the bottle to track down Banner, Ross sends a special forces team, led by Russian-born British Royal Marine Emil Blonsky, to capture him. Banner transforms into the Hulk and defeats Blonsky's team. After Ross explains how Banner became the Hulk, Blonsky agrees to be injected with a small amount of a similar serum, which gives him enhanced speed, strength, agility, and healing, but also begins to deform his skeleton and impair his judgment.

text: Banner returns to Culver University and reunites with Betty, who is dating psychiatrist Leonard Samson. Banner is attacked a second time by Ross and Blonsky's forces, tipped off by the suspicious Samson, causing him to again transform into the Hulk. The ensuing battle outside the university proves to be futile for Ross' forces and they eventually retreat, though Blonsky, whose sanity is starting to falter, boldly attacks and mocks the Hulk. The Hulk seemingly kills Blonsky and flees with Betty. After the Hulk reverts to Banner, he and Betty go on the run, and Banner contacts Mr. Blue, who urges them to meet him in New York City. Mr. Blue is actually cellular biologist Dr. Samuel Sterns, who tells Banner he has developed a possible antidote to Banner's condition. After a successful test, he warns Banner that the antidote may only reverse each individual transformation. Sterns reveals he has synthesized Banner's blood samples, which Banner sent from Brazil, into a large supply, with the intention of applying its "limitless potential" to medicine. Fearful of the Hulk's power falling into the military's hands, Banner wishes to destroy the blood supply.

text: Meanwhile, Blonsky is revealed to have survived the earlier battle at Culver University and has completely healed. He joins Ross' forces for a third attempt to take Banner into custody. They succeed and Banner, along with Betty, are taken away in a helicopter. Blonsky stays behind and orders Sterns to inject him with Banner's blood, as he covets the Hulk's power. Sterns warns that the combination of the super-soldier formula and Banner's blood may cause him to become an "abomination", but Blonsky insists. The experiment mutates Blonsky into a creature with size and strength surpassing that of the Hulk, but drives him mad. He attacks Sterns, who gets some of Banner's blood in a cut on his forehead, causing him to begin mutating as well. Blonsky then rampages through Harlem. Realizing that the Hulk is the only one who can stop Blonsky, Banner convinces Ross to release him. He jumps from Ross' helicopter and transforms after hitting the ground. After a long and brutal battle through Harlem, the Hulk defeats Blonsky. After having a small, peaceful moment with Betty, the Hulk flees from New York.

text: A month later, Banner is in Bella Coola, British Columbia. Instead of trying to suppress his transformation, he successfully transforms in a controlled manner. In a final scene, Tony Stark approaches Ross at a local bar and informs him a team is being put together.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Edward Norton as Bruce Banner / Hulk:
A nuclear physicist and biochemist at Culver University who, because of exposure to gamma radiation, transforms into an enormous green humanoid monster when enraged or agitated. David Duchovny was a front-runner for the film before Norton's casting,[7] while Louis Leterrier's original choice for the role was Mark Ruffalo, who would later play Banner in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[8] Gale Anne Hurd recalled Norton's portrayals of duality in Primal Fear and Fight Club,[9] while Norton reminded Kevin Feige of Bill Bixby, who played Banner in the TV series.[10] Lou Ferrigno, who played the Hulk with Bixby, remarked Norton "has a similar physique [and a] similar personality".[11] Norton was a Hulk fan, citing the first comic appearances, the Bixby TV show, and Bruce Jones' run on the comic, as his favorite depictions of the character.[12] He had expressed interest in the role for the first film.[13] He initially turned down the part, recalling "there [was] the wince factor or the defensive part of you that recoils at what the bad version of what that would be", as he felt the previous film "strayed far afield from a story that was familiar to people, [...] which is a fugitive story". When he met Leterrier and Marvel, he liked their vision, and believed they were looking to him to guide the project. Thus, Norton rewrote the script.[14] "Edward's script has given Bruce's story real gravitas," Leterrier said. "Admittedly I'm not the most adult director, but just because we're making a superhero movie it doesn't have to just appeal to 13-year-old boys. Ed and I both see superheroes as the new Greek gods."[15] Additionally, Lou Ferrigno provides vocal performance as the Hulk. During the 2008 New York Comic Con Leterrier publicly offered Ferrigno the chance to voice the Hulk for the film.[16] This marks the third time Ferrigno portrayed the Hulk, having also voiced the character in the 1996 animated series. Originally, the Hulk's only line was "Betty" at the film's ending, which would have been his first word. Leterrier was aware that fans wanted him to speak normally, and added "leave me alone" and "Hulk smash!" The latter line received cheers during a screening he attended.[17] Ferrigno also has a cameo in the film as a security guard who is bribed by Banner with a pizza.[18]
Liv Tyler as Betty Ross:
A cellular biologist and Bruce's girlfriend, from whom he is separated as a result of his condition. Tyler was attracted to the love story in the script, and was a fan of the TV show, because of the "humanity and what [Banner] is going through".[12] She was called about the role while driving to her home, and she accepted the part after a day without reading the script.[19] Tyler and Norton spent hours discussing Bruce and Betty's life before he became the Hulk.[20] She said filming the part "was very physical, which was fun",[21] and compared her performance to "a deer caught in the headlights", because of Betty's shock at Bruce's unexpected return into her life.[20]
Tim Roth as Emil Blonsky / Abomination:
A Russian-born officer in the United Kingdom's Royal Marines Commandos loaned to Ross who, lusting for the Hulk's power, is injected with various serums that transforms him into a near-skeletal humanoid monster more powerful than the Hulk himself. Roth said he took the part to please his sons, who are comic-book superhero fans. As a teenager, Roth was a fan of the 1970s TV series, and he also found Leterrier's ideas "very dark and very interesting". Roth started watching the 2003 film to prepare for the part, but stopped as he did not want to be caught up in the controversy over its quality, and to compare himself to it.[22] It was Roth who suggested Blonsky be a soldier, whereas in the comics he was a KGB agent.[23] Leterrier was a fan of Roth's work, and felt "it's great watching a normal Cockney boy become a superhero!",[15] but Marvel and Norton were initially reluctant to cast him.[24] Before he was cast in Punisher: War Zone, Ray Stevenson was in discussions for the role.[25] Roth prepared for the part by learning to fire guns and break into rooms with two experts.[23] Roth found it tough shooting the chases, because to show Blonsky's aging he could not work out.[20] He especially found it difficult to run while pulled with a harness, which was used to show the injected Blonsky's 30–40 mile per hour running abilities.[26] Cyril Raffaelli performed some of Roth's stunts.[9] Roth enjoyed the motion capture, which reminded him of fringe theatre, and he hired his trainer from Planet of the Apes to aid him in portraying the monster's movement.[20]
Tim Blake Nelson as Samuel Sterns: The cellular biologist who develops a possible antidote to Banner's condition. Towards the end of the film, Sterns is exposed to some substance that begins his transformation into Leader.
Ty Burrell as Leonard Samson:
A psychiatrist in a relationship with Betty during Bruce's absence. Burrell had performed with Norton in the off Broadway play Burn This in 2003, and when Leterrier met him, he recognized Burrell as the "jerk" from the 2004 Dawn of the Dead remake,[27] which was how Samson was characterized in the script before Norton's rewrote it.[28]
William Hurt as Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross:
Betty's arrogant father, who has dedicated himself to capturing the Hulk. Leterrier cast Hurt because "Ross is more physical, more explosive in this movie, and no actor goes from zero to 100 as well as William."[15] He compared Ross to Captain Ahab.[24] The Hulk is Hurt's favorite superhero, and his son is also a big fan of the character. Hurt found production very different from the typical "pure anxiety" of a studio film, finding it more akin to an independent film.[29] He described Ross as "humiliated by Hulk's conscience: he actually sees and recognizes that it's more developed than his own, even though he's a patriot and a warrior for his country. He's sacrificed [much] for that purpose, but at the expense at times of his humanity – which he occasionally recovers."[30] In June 2015, when reflecting on how his reprisal in Captain America: Civil War was different from this film, Hurt said, "What I created [for The Incredible Hulk] was a Ross who was right out of the graphic novel type of thing, where he was as much of a cartoon, in a way, as the monsters were. His ego was just as big and his problems were just as big. I really did do that consciously. I created a General Ross before which created a verisimilitude for the monsters, by making him a human monster. I worked really hard on the makeup and the exaggerated behavior and things like that and a controlled psychosis."[31] Sam Elliott had expressed interest in reprising the role from the first Hulk film.[32]

tag: ul

text: Robert Downey, Jr. has an uncredited cameo as Tony Stark at the end of the film. Downey appeared as a favor to Marvel Studios, which he acknowledged as a smart move on Marvel's part, because when he was promoting his film he would also have to mention their other production.[33] Hulk co-creator Stan Lee cameos as a man who becomes ill when drinking the soda poisoned by Banner's blood. Michael K. Williams appears as a Harlem bystander, a role that was written for him by Norton, who is a fan of The Wire.[34] Paul Soles, who voiced Banner in the 1966 The Marvel Superheroes cartoon, appears as Stanley, a kindly pizza restaurant owner who helps Banner. Additionally, the late Bill Bixby appears, in a scene on his TV comedy-drama The Courtship of Eddie's Father on a television Banner is watching at the beginning of the film. Rickson Gracie has a small role as Bruce Banner's martial arts instructor; despite Gracie's Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu background, he is credited as an Aikido instructor. Peter Mensah plays a small role as General Joe Gellar, one of General Ross' military friends/associates. Martin Starr plays a college student, credited as "Computer Nerd" and identified as Amadeus Cho in the novelization for the film.[35] Hulk supporting characters, Jim Wilson and Jack McGee, make cameo appearances as Culver University students played by P.J. Kerr and Nicholas Rose, respectively.[36]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: At the time of the release of Ang Lee's Hulk, screenwriter James Schamus was planning a sequel, featuring the Grey Hulk. He was also considering the Leader and the Abomination as villains.[37] Marvel wanted the Abomination because he would be an actual threat to the Hulk, unlike General Ross.[38] During the filming of Hulk, producer Avi Arad had a target May 2005 theatrical release date.[39] On January 18, 2006 Arad confirmed Marvel Studios would be providing the money for The Incredible Hulk's production budget, with Universal distributing,[40] because Universal did not meet the deadline for filming a sequel.[7] Marvel felt it would be better to deviate from Ang Lee's style to continue the franchise, arguing his film was like a parallel universe one-shot comic book, and their next film needed to be, in Kevin Feige's words, "really starting the Marvel Hulk franchise". Producer Gale Anne Hurd also felt the film had to meet what "everyone expects to see from having read the comics and seen the TV series".[20]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Louis Leterrier, who enjoyed the TV series as a child and liked the first film,[9][20] had expressed interest in directing the Iron Man film adaptation. Jon Favreau had taken that project, so Marvel offered him the Hulk. Leterrier was reluctant as he was unsure if he could replicate Lee's style, but Marvel explained that was not their intent.[41] Leterrier's primary inspiration was Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale's Hulk: Gray (a retelling of the character's first appearance). He replicated every comic book panel that he pinned-up during pre-production, from the many comics he browsed, in the final film.[9] Leterrier said that he planned to show Bruce Banner's struggle with the monster within him,[42] while Feige added the film would explore "that element of wish fulfillment, of overcoming an injustice or a bully and tapping into a strength that you didn't quite realize you had in yourself".[43] Arad also said the film would be "a lot more of a love story between Bruce Banner and Betty Ross".[44]

text: Zak Penn, who wrote a draft of the first film in 1996, said the film would follow up Hulk, but stressed it would be more tonally similar to the TV show and Bruce Jones' run on the comic. He compared his script to Aliens, which was a very different film from Alien, but still in the same continuity.[13] He included two scenes from his 1996 script: Banner jumping from a helicopter to trigger a transformation, and realizing he is unable to have sex with Betty.[45] After the studio rejected a treatment by another screenwriter in 2006, Penn wrote three drafts before departing in early 2007 to promote his film The Grand.[46] Norton, that April, began discussions to play Banner, and arranged a deal that included him as both an actor and a writer, with a screenplay draft he was contractually obligated to turn in within a month. He did so, and continued to polish his draft as late as halfway through principal photography.[46] In November 2006, a June 13, 2008 release date was set.[47] Leterrier acknowledged the only remaining similarity between the two films was Bruce hiding in South America,[9] and that the film was a unique reboot, as generally audiences would have expected another forty-minute origin story.[48] There were previous discussions to set the first act in Thailand.[49] Leterrier felt audiences were left restless waiting for the character to arrive in Ang Lee's film.[48] Feige commented, "we didn't want to tell the origin story again, because we thought people were so familiar with it, which is why we didn't tell that... One reason we made Incredible Hulk was to get Hulk into the [Marvel Cinematic Universe] canon."[50]

text: Shortly after the release of The Incredible Hulk, Gale Anne Hurd commented on the uncertainty of its relationship with Ang Lee's Hulk film. "We couldn't quite figure out how to term this ... It's kind of a reboot and it's kind of sequel." Hurd said that "requel", a portmanteau of "reboot" and "sequel", was a "perfect" description for the film.[51] Norton explained his decision to ignore Lee's origin story: "I don't even like the phrase 'origin story', and I don't think in great literature and great films that explaining the roots of the story doesn't mean it comes in the beginning."[12] "Audiences know this story," he added, "[so] deal with it artfully." He wanted to "have revelations even in the third act about what set this whole thing in motion".[14] The new origin story references Ultimate Marvel's take on the Hulk, which also had him created in an attempt to make super soldiers.[52] Norton removed Rick Jones and toned down S.H.I.E.L.D.'s presence.[20] He also added the scene where Banner attempts to extract a cure from a flower and his e-mailing with Samuel Sterns,[45] which references Bruce Jones' story.[53] Norton rewrote scenes every day.[22] Ultimately, the Writers Guild of America decided to credit the script solely to Penn,[54] who argued Norton had not dramatically changed his script. Journalist Anne Thompson explained "The Guild tends to favor plot, structure and pre-existing characters over dialogue."[45] Penn said in 2008, "I wasn't happy with [Norton] coming to Comic-Con saying that he wrote the script."[55] Before either Penn or Norton joined the project, an anonymous screenwriter wrote a draft and lobbied for credit.[45]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Leterrier had to direct four units with a broken foot.[15] Filming began on July 9, 2007. Shooting primarily took place in Toronto, because mayor David Miller is a Hulk fan and promised to be very helpful to the crew when closing Yonge Street for four nights in September to shoot Hulk and Blonsky's climactic fight. Despite messing up the street with explosives and overturned burning vehicles, the crew would clean it up within twenty minutes so business could continue as normal each day.[56] The first action sequence shot was the Culver University battle, which was filmed at the University of Toronto and Morningside Park. The filmmakers built a glass wall over a walkway at the University for when the soldiers trap Banner inside to smoke him out.[26] There was also shooting in the Financial District.[27] A factory in Hamilton, Ontario, which was due for demolition, was the interior of the Brazilian factory. The site's underground floors were used for Ross' military command center.[56] The crew also shot part of the Hulk and Blonsky's fight on a backlot in Hamilton.[57] Other Canadian locations included CFB Trenton and a glacier in Bella Coola, British Columbia.[27] Afterwards, there was a week-long shoot in New York City and two weeks in Rio de Janeiro.[58] While there, the crew shot at Rocinha, Lapa, Tijuca Forest and Santa Teresa. Filming concluded in November after eighty-eight days of filming.[27]

text: The Incredible Hulk joined Toronto's Green-Screen initiative, to help cut carbon emissions and waste created during filming.[59] Producer Gale Anne Hurd acknowledged the Hulk, being green, was a popular environmental analogy, and Norton himself was an environmentalist. Hybrid and fuel efficient vehicles were used, with low sulfur diesel as their energy source. The construction department used a sustainably harvested, locally sourced yellow pine instead of lauan for the sets, and also used zero-or low-VOC paint. The wood was generally recycled or given to environmental organizations, and paint cans were handed to waste management. In addition, they used cloth bags, biodegradable food containers, china and silverware food utensils, a stainless steel mug for each production crew member, a contractor who removed bins, recycled paper, biodegradable soap and cleaners in the trailers and production offices, and the sound department used rechargeable batteries.[27] The Incredible Hulk became the first blockbuster film to receive the Environmental Media Association's Green Seal, which is displayed during the end credits.[60]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Leterrier cited Andy Serkis' motion capture portrayals of Gollum and King Kong in The Lord of the Rings and King Kong, respectively, as the standard he was aiming for.[41] Norton and Roth filmed 2500 takes of different movements the monsters would make (such as the Hulk's "thunder claps").[27] Phosphorescent face paint applied to the actors' faces and strobe lighting would help record the most subtle mannerisms into the computer.[61] Others including Cyril Raffaelli provided motion capture for stunts and fights,[23] after the main actors had done video referencing.[62] Leterrier hired Rhythm and Hues to provide the CGI, rather than Industrial Light & Magic who created the visual effects for Ang Lee's Hulk. Visual effect company, Image Engine, spent over a year working on a shot where Banner's gamma-irradiated blood falls through three factory floors into a bottle.[63] Overall 700 effects shots were created. Motion capture aided in placing and timing of movements, but overall key frame animation by Rhythm and Hues provided the necessary "finesse [and] superhero quality".[64] Many of the animators and Leterrier himself provided video reference for the climactic fight.[26]

text: Dale Keown's comic book artwork of the Hulk was an inspiration for his design.[41] Leterrier felt the first Hulk had "too much fat [and] the proportions were a little off". He explained, "The Hulk is beyond perfect so there is zero grams of fat, all chiseled, and his muscle and strength defines this creature so he's like a tank."[41] Visual effects supervisor Kurt Williams envisioned the Hulk's physique as a linebacker rather than a bodybuilder. A height of nine feet was chosen for the character as they did not want him to be too inhuman. To make him more expressive, computer programs controlling the inflation of his muscles and saturation of skin color were created. Williams cited flushing as an example of humans' skin color being influenced by their emotions.[27] The animators felt green blood would make his skin become darker rather than lighter, and his skin tones, depending on lighting, either resemble an olive or even gray slate.[61] His animation model was completed without the effects company's full knowledge of what he would be required to do: he was rigged to do whatever they imagined, in case the model was to be used for The Avengers film.[64] The Hulk's medium-length hair was modeled on Mike Deodato's art.[64] He originally had a crew cut, but Leterrier decided flopping hair imbued him with more character.[62] Leterrier cited An American Werewolf in London as the inspiration for Banner's transformation, wanting to show how painful it was for him to change.[65] As a nod to the live action TV series, Banner's eyes change color first when he transforms.[66] Leterrier changed the Abomination's design from the comics because he felt the audience would question why he resembled a fish or a reptile, instead of "an über-human" like the Hulk. Rather, his hideousness is derived from being injected multiple times into his skin, muscles and bones, creating a creature with a protruding spine and sharp bones that he can use to stab. His green skin is pale, and reflects light, so it appears orange because of surrounding fire during the climactic battle.[24] The motion capture performers, including Roth, tried to make the character behave less gracefully than the Hulk. They modeled his posture and the way he turns his head on a shark.[38] The character also shares Roth's tattoos.[67] A height of eleven feet was chosen for the character.[27] Leterrier tried to work in the character's pointed ears, but realized the Hulk would bite them off (using the example of Mike Tyson when he fought Evander Holyfield), and felt ignoring that would make the Hulk come across as stupid.[68]

text: Leterrier had planned to use prosthetic makeup and animatronics to complement the computer-generated imagery that was solely used in the previous film.[69] The make-up artists who worked on X-Men: The Last Stand were set to portray Blonsky's gradual transformation,[22] which Zak Penn said would portray Blonsky "not [being] used to having these properties. Like he's much heavier, and we talked about how when he walks down the sidewalk, his weight destroys the sidewalk and he's tripping. [It's all about] the humanization of these kinds of superhero characters, showing the effects physics may actually have on [them]."[70] Tom Woodruff, Jr. of Amalgamated Dynamics (who created all the costumes for the Alien films since Alien 3) was in negotiations, and created two busts of the Hulk and prosthetic hands to act as stand-ins for the character. A full animatronic was never created as it was decided it would complicate production to set up shots for a puppet and then a computer graphic.[71] An animatronic was used for Sterns' mutating head, however.[57] Destruction was mostly done practically. A model of a bottling machine was smashed through a wall for when the Hulk escapes the factory. The filmmakers used steam and dry ice for the gas used to smoke out the Hulk, and they destroyed a real Humvee by dropping a weight on it when shooting the Culver University battle. Pipes blew fire for when the Hulk strikes down the computer-generated helicopter. When Banner falls from the helicopter to trigger the Hulk into fighting the Abomination, Norton was attached to a surface held by a bar which turned 90 degrees while the camera was pulled to the ceiling to simulate falling. Leterrier jokingly remarked that making Norton fall that distance would obviously render him unable to act.[26]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score for the film was composed by Craig Armstrong, who was the arranger for Massive Attack, a band Leterrier was fond of and had collaborated with on the 2005 film Unleashed. Armstrong was his first choice, which surprised Marvel, not knowing if he had scored an action film (he did compose 2001's Kiss of the Dragon).[72] At Leterrier's suggestion, the soundtrack was released on a two-disc album, which Armstrong thought was a joke until he compiled the album and Marvel asked him why they were given only one disc.[73] The films score borrow's Joe Harnell's theme "The Lonely Man" from the 1978 Incredible Hulk television series.[74]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Incredible Hulk premiered on June 8, 2008 at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California[75] and was released in theaters on June 13.[47]

text: Editing[edit]

text: Seventy minutes of footage, mostly dealing with the origin, were not included in the final cut.[28] Much of this back-story was unscripted and the filmmakers were never sure of including it into the final cut, and had considered releasing some of these clips on the internet.[18] Editor Kyle Cooper, creator of the Marvel logo (with the flipping pages) and the montage detailing Iron Man's biography in that film, edited together much of this footage into the opening credits.[18] Leterrier explained a negative test screening, where flashbacks were placed across the film that the audience found too similar to Hulk, had resulted in compressing these to the film's start.[28] This replaced the original opening, where Banner comes to the Arctic to commit suicide. When the scene ends, in an instant the frozen body of Captain America is partially seen in the ice. Leterrier said he did not want this scene to be lost amid the opening montage.[28]

text: Norton and Leterrier disputed with the producers over the final running time: they wanted it to be near 135 minutes, while the producers wanted the film to be under two hours. This was made public, and rumors spread that Norton "made it clear he won't cooperate with publicity plans if he's not happy with the final product".[76] Norton dismissed this: "Our healthy process [of collaboration], which is and should be a private matter, was misrepresented publicly as a 'dispute', seized on by people looking for a good story, and has been distorted to such a degree that it risks distracting from the film itself, which Marvel, Universal and I refuse to let happen. It has always been my firm conviction that films should speak for themselves and that knowing too much about how they are made diminishes the magic of watching them."[77]

text: Marketing[edit]

text:
"We know the Hulk from 2003 didn't satisfy the fans, and we had to acknowledge that. We emphasized the passion that fans still have for this character and that this is the movie people have always wanted."

—Stephanie Sperber, executive vice-president of Universal Studios Partnerships[78]

tag: div

text: Effort was made to promote the story as having a romance and a physical antagonist, and the title was used for promotional puns (such as 7-Eleven's "Incredible Gulp" slurpees, and "Incredible Dad" themed Father's Day gifts at Kmart). Burger King also promoted the film, and General Nutrition Centers used the title character as a role model for strength training.[78] Hasbro created the toy line, which they released on May 3, 2008,[79] while Sega released a video game on June 5, 2008.[80] The film was promoted in an episode of American Gladiators on June 9, 2008, which was hosted by Hulk Hogan and featured Lou Ferrigno.[81]

text: Following the edit dispute, Universal's Adam Fogleson and Norton planned a promotional tour which would avoid constant media interviews and therefore uncomfortable questions. He attended the premiere, took part in a Jimmy Kimmel Live! sketch and would also promote the film in Japan.[45] However, during the film's release he chose to do charity work in Africa.[82]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Incredible Hulk was released on Blu-ray and DVD on October 21, 2008. It includes behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and an alternate opening.[83][84] The film was number one in sales when released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 21, 2008, in the United States (having been available in the United Kingdom since October 13). There are widescreen and fullscreen single-disc editions; a three-disc special edition; and a two-disc Blu-ray package. The first disc contains an audio commentary by Leterrier and Roth, while the second comes with special features and deleted scenes, and the third with a digital copy of the film. The Blu-ray edition compresses the content of the first two DVDs onto one, while the second disc contains the digital copy.

text: The film was also collected in a 10-disc box set titled "Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One – Avengers Assembled" which includes all of the Phase One films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[85] It was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on April 2, 2013.[86] The film will be released on Ultra HD Blu-ray on April 10, 2018.[87]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Incredible Hulk earned $134.8 million in North America, as well as $128.6 million internationally for a worldwide total of $263.4 million.[3] The film, even though it barely passed its predecessor, and only equalled it if the smaller budget of the first film is taken into account, is still considered successful. Entertainment analyst David Davis told The Hollywood Reporter, "The first Hulk had such high expectations after the NBC Universal merger and was supposed to be critical favorite Ang Lee's breakout commercial blockbuster. Then with the new Hulk film, Marvel was able to underplay the importance of the success after the great success of Iron Man this summer. So the new one overdelivered, relative to its underpromise."[88]

text: North America[edit]

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed $55.4 million in 3,505 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking No. 1 at the box office.[89] The previous film earned $62.2 million in its opening weekend, but dropped 70% in its second weekend. The second film by comparison, dropped 60% in its second weekend.[90] Behind Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, it was the second-highest gross for a film released over a Father's Day weekend.[91] This surpassed industry expectations of a $45 million opening, following the disappointing response to the 2003 film. Universal believed word of mouth would contribute to the film breaking even eventually.[2]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: It also opened in thirty-eight other countries, adding $31 million to the total opening. The film outgrossed the 2003 film in South Korea, while its openings in Mexico and Russia created records for Universal.[92] The film grossed 24 million yuan (roughly $3.4 million) in its Chinese opening on August 26, outgrossing the previous film's overall gross of ten million yuan.[93]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 67% approval rating with an average rating of 6.2/10 based on 225 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "The Incredible Hulk may not be quite the smashing success that fans of Marvel's raging behemoth might hope for, but it offers more than enough big green action to make up for its occasionally puny narrative."[94] Metacritic gave the film an average score of 61 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[95] A CinemaScore poll indicated the majority of viewers were male and graded the film an A-, and 82% of them had seen the 2003 film.[96]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety said, "what seemed, in theory, the least-necessary revival of a big screen superhero emerges as perfectly solid summer action fare in The Incredible Hulk." He emphasized "it's all par-for-the-course cinematic demolition and destruction, staged efficiently and with a hint of enthusiasm," and "penned with sporadic wit [...] Visuals lean toward the dark and murky, but editing by three—actually six—hands is fleet, and Craig Armstrong's ever-present score is simultaneously bombastic and helpfully supportive of the action. Effects are in line with pic's generally pro but not inspired achievements."[97] Rene Rodriguez of The Miami Herald applauded that the film "does a lot of things [Ang] Lee's Hulk didn't: It's lighter and faster-paced, it's funnier and it embraces (instead of ignoring) the 1970s TV series that furthered the character's popularity".[98] Mark Rahner of The Seattle Times wrote that, "The relaunch of Marvel's green goliath is an improvement over director Ang Lee's ponderous 2003 Hulk in nearly every way – except that the actual Hulk still looks scarcely better than something from a video game, and he still barely talks".[99] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post said, "What lingers in my memory ... is the lengthy, essentially animated climactic battle between the Hulk and the Abomination on the streets and rooftops of Harlem, and an earlier showdown between the title creature and the U.S. Army, which is deploying high-tech weapons including sound-wave cannons. These are expertly staged by director Louis Leterrier, who disposes of the backstory under the opening credits and wraps up the whole thing in twenty-four minutes less than [Ang] Lee took".[100] Roger Ebert was not a fan of the film stating, "The Incredible Hulk is no doubt an ideal version of the Hulk saga for those who found Ang Lee's Hulk too talky, or dare I say, too thoughtful. But not for me. It sidesteps the intriguing aspects of Hulkdom and spends way too much time in, dare I say, noisy and mindless action sequences."[101]

text: Conversely, Christy Lemire of the Associated Press found that "the inevitable comparisons to Iron Man, Marvel Studios' first blockbuster this summer, serve as a glaring reminder of what this Hulk lacks: wit and heart. Despite the presence of Edward Norton, an actor capable of going just as deep as Robert Downey Jr., we don't feel a strong sense of Bruce Banner's inner conflict".[102] A.O. Scott of The New York Times opined, "'The Adequate Hulk' would have been a more suitable title. There are some big, thumping fights and a few bright shards of pop-cultural wit, but for the most part this movie seems content to aim for the generic mean".[103] David Ansen of Newsweek wrote, "Leterrier has style, he's good with action and he's eager to give the audience its money's worth of bone-crunching battles. Still, once the movie leaves the atmospheric Brazilian settings, nothing in this "Hulk" sinks in deeply: its familiar genre pleasures are all on the surface. ... The movie's scene stealer is Tim Blake Nelson, making a comically welcome third act appearance as the unethical but madly enthusiastic scientist Samuel Sterns".[104]

text: The film was nominated for best superhero film at the 2008 National Movie Awards and for Best Science Fiction Film at the Saturn Awards, but lost to The Dark Knight and Iron Man, respectively.[105][106]

text: Future[edit]

text: On a potential sequel, Norton said, "The whole thing was to envision it in multiple parts. We left a lot out on purpose. [The Incredible Hulk is] definitely intended as chapter one."[14] Leterrier made the film's final shot of Banner ambiguous; the thought being if there is a sequel, it would mean Banner finally masters control over his anger; if there is not a sequel, the shot indicates instead that he becomes a menace in The Avengers.[107] Leterrier had also intended for a scene in the credits showing Blonsky, human once more, imprisoned and chained in a box.[108] The character of Samuel Sterns, played by Tim Blake Nelson, was introduced to set him up as a villain in a possible future film, where he would become the Leader.[20][109] Aaron Sims, the lead designer on The Incredible Hulk, also took time to work on concepts for the Leader.[110] Nelson is "signed on" to reprise the role.[111] Ty Burrell wants to portray the superpowered Doc Samson faithfully to the comics.[111]

text: Leterrier and Roth were originally contracted to return. Leterrier also stated Norton was not signed on,[112] but in October 2008, Hurd stated that Norton was contracted to reprise the role.[113] The film had outgrossed its predecessor and Universal indicated interest in a sequel,[114] though Leterrier believed a sequel would not be made because of the film's box office return.[115] Feige said the film met Marvel's expectations and that Hulk would return, but after the crossover.[116] Hurd was not concerned that a sequel may not be produced until at least 2012, citing the positive reception to the film and having produced the Terminator series, the second and third film of which had a 12-year gap.[113] Tim Roth confirmed that Marvel had signed him for three more films.[117] Leterrier, after having previously said he did not want to direct a sequel,[118] said in late 2009 he had changed his mind and was now amenable.[119]

text: Mark Ruffalo began his role as Banner / Hulk in The Avengers, after Feige said he chose not to bring back Norton.[120][121] In October 2014, Norton claimed he chose never to play Hulk again because he "wanted more diversity" with his career, and did not want to be associated with only one character.[122] In April 2012, despite Ruffalo being on board to play the Hulk in the sequel, Feige confirmed to Collider that Marvel had no plans at that time to film another Hulk film.[123] In a Q&A session, Feige and Ruffalo confirmed that discussions are underway to produce another Hulk film due to the positive audience response to Ruffalo's performance in The Avengers.[124] In September 2012, Feige, while exploring all possible story options for a sequel film, including a film based on the "Planet Hulk" and "World War Hulk" storylines, stated, "everything [in terms of stories from the comics] is on the table. Do I think Hulk can carry a movie and be as entertaining as he was in Avengers? I do believe that. I do believe he absolutely could. We certainly are not even going to attempt that until Avengers 2. So there's a lot of time to think about it."[125]

text: In June 2014, Ruffalo said he believed the studio might be considering doing a new standalone Hulk film, saying, "I think they are, for the first time, entertaining the idea of it. When we did The Avengers it was basically 'No!', and now there is some consideration for it. But there's still nothing definitive, not even a skeletal version of what it would be."[126] In July, Feige stated that the studio was not considering a "Planet Hulk" film at that time, due to wanting to feature Ruffalo's Banner in the film. However, he did not rule out a story that saw the Hulk and Banner end up in space and explained why a solo Hulk film did not occur in Phase Two of the MCU by saying, "After the first Avengers, Iron Man had his own movie, Thor had his own movie, Captain America had his own movie, and Widow and Fury were in The Winter Soldier. So it was really about, frankly, saving somebody so that the only place you could get Hulk between Avengers movies is the next Avengers movie, so [director Joss Whedon] could continue to play with that in [Avengers: Age of Ultron]. Where we go after that, we'll see."[127] In October 2014, again on a solo film, Feige said, "We'll see. We'd love to do it, we'd love to find the place to put it, but right now, Hulk will be appearing, with his friends, in their [Phase Three] films."[128]

text: In April 2015, Ruffalo said Universal holding the distribution rights to Hulk films may be an obstacle to releasing a future Hulk standalone film[129] and reiterated this in October 2015,[130] and July 2017.[131] Marvel regained the film production rights for the character by February 2006,[132] but Universal retained the distribution rights for The Incredible Hulk as well as the right of first refusal to distribute future Hulk films.[133] According to The Hollywood Reporter, a potential reason why Marvel has not reacquired the film distribution rights to the Hulk as they did with Paramount Pictures for the Iron Man, Thor, and Captain America films is because Universal holds the theme park rights to several Marvel characters that Marvel's parent company, Disney, wants for its own theme parks.[134] In December 2015, Ruffalo stated that the strained relationship between Marvel and Universal may be another obstacle to releasing a future standalone Hulk film.[135] The following month, he indicated that the lack of a standalone Hulk film allowed the character to play a more prominent role in Thor: Ragnarok, Avengers: Infinity War, and the latter's untitled sequel, stating, "We’ve worked a really interesting arc into Thor[: Ragnarok], Avengers[: Infinity War], and [the latter's sequel] for Banner that I think will – when it’s all added up – will feel like a Hulk movie, a standalone movie."[136]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ According to Leterrier, the film takes place about five years since Banner first transformed.[4] The events of the film also take place simultaneously with the events of Iron Man 2 (2010) and Thor (2011),[5] the former of which is set six months after the events of Iron Man (2008).[6]

tag: ol


document_title: Sloan Park

question_text: where does the chicago cubs team train in the spring

text: Sloan Park

text:
Sloan Park

Former names
Cubs Park (2014)

Location
2330 W. Rio Salado Parkway
Mesa, AZ 85201

Coordinates
33°25′53″N 111°52′54″W / 33.4313°N 111.8816°W / 33.4313; -111.8816Coordinates: 33°25′53″N 111°52′54″W / 33.4313°N 111.8816°W / 33.4313; -111.8816

Owner
City of Mesa[1]

Operator
Chicago Cubs

Capacity
15,000

Field size
Left – 360 feet (110 m)
LC – 366 feet (112 m)
Center – 410 feet (125 m)
RC – 398 feet (121 m)
Right – 360 feet (110 m)

Surface
Grass

Construction

Broke ground
July 11, 2012[2]

Opened
February 12, 2014

Construction cost
US$99 million

Architect
Populous & DWL Architects + Planners, Inc.

Tenants

Chicago Cubs (MLB) (spring training) (2014–present)
Arizona League Cubs (AzL) (2014–present)
Mesa Solar Sox (AFL) (2014–present)

tag: table

text: Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium.[3] The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.

text: With a capacity of 15,000, Sloan Park is the largest spring training stadium by capacity in Major League Baseball, surpassing Camelback Ranch in Glendale (coincidentally, spring training home of the Cubs' in-city rival the Chicago White Sox) by 2,000 seats.[4]

text: Formerly known as Cubs Park, on January 8, 2015, it was announced that Sloan Valve Company had signed a naming-rights deal to the ballpark, giving it its current Sloan Park name.[5]


document_title: List of oldest surviving professional wrestlers

question_text: who is the oldest wrestler still wrestling in wwe

text: List[edit]

text: Oldest wrestlers ever[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Age
Birth
Death
Notes

1
Abe Coleman
M
7004370790000000000♠101 years, 189 days
September 20, 1905
March 28, 2007
 Oldest wrestler ever verified. Born in Poland.[1]

2
Angelo Savoldi
M
7004363120000000000♠99 years, 152 days
April 21, 1914
September 20, 2013
 Last surviving veteran of the "Pioneer Era".

3
Betty Wagner
F
98 years
1912–1913
June 3, 2011
 First wife and valet of Gorgeous George.

4
Dan McLeod
M
98 years, 6 days
June 14, 1860
June 20, 1958
 Last surviving American Heavyweight Champion and veteran of the "Farmer" Burns-Frank Gotch era.[1]

5
Ivan the Terrible
M
97 years
1899
February 1996
 [1]

6
Jack LaLanne
M
7004351830000000000♠96 years, 119 days
September 26, 1914
January 23, 2011
 World-famous fitness guru had a brief pro wrestling career in 1938.

7
Joe D'orazio
M
7004347760000000000♠95 years, 77 days
July 27, 1922
Living
 Oldest British Wrestler and referee still living.

8
Milo Steinborn
M
7004346610000000000♠94 years, 328 days
March 18, 1894
February 9, 1989
 Promoted wrestling in Florida[1]

9
Andrew Tsimpides
M
7004343670000000000♠94 years, 34 days
August 16, 1916
September 19, 2011
 Former manager of Gorgeous George

10
James Dudley
M
7004343560000000000♠94 years, 22 days
May 10, 1910
June 1, 2004
 First African-American promoter & manager working under Vincent J. McMahon

11
Billy Varga
M
7004343350000000000♠94 years, 1 day
January 10, 1919
January 11, 2013
 Former NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Champion and actor

12
Clarence Eklund
M
7004341830000000000♠93 years, 215 days
June 3, 1887
January 4, 1981
 [1]

13
Speedy Hatfield
M
7004341800000000000♠93 years, 212 days
November 30, 1908
June 30, 2002
 [1][2]

14
Mick McManus
M
7004341000000000000♠93 years, 131 days
January 11, 1920
May 22, 2013
 British and European Middleweight Champion, one of the most famous heels in the history of British wrestling. Watched by 20 million people in a famous televised match in 1963 [1]

15
Sam Muchnick
M
7004340980000000000♠93 years, 130 days
August 22, 1905
December 30, 1998
 St. Louis wrestling promoter[1]

16
Dean Rockwell
M
7004340400000000000♠93 years, 72 days
May 25, 1912
August 5, 2005
 [1]

17
Brutus Malumba
M
93 years
September 11, 1921 [3]
January 2015
 Wrestled for New Japan Pro Wrestling in the 1970s.

18
Ray Villmer
M
7004338650000000000♠92 years, 262 days
April 22, 1912
January 9, 2005
 [1]

19
Charles Baillargeon
M
7004338200000000000♠92 years, 217 days
July 8, 1917
February 10, 2010
 Born in Canada.[1]

20
Lord James Blears
M
7004338060000000000♠92 years, 203 days
August 13, 1923
March 3, 2016
 wrestler and actor.[1]

21
Abe Zvonkin
M
7004337720000000000♠92 years, 169 days
March 6, 1910
August 22, 2002
 Born in the United States.[1]

22
Tony Cosenza
M
7004337280000000000♠92 years, 125 days
April 14, 1919
August 17, 2011
 Once known as the "famous wrestling pianist".

23
Jackie Nichols
M
7004337150000000000♠92 years, 112 days
December 31, 1910
April 22, 2003
 [1][4]

24
Cora Combs
F
7004336990000000000♠92 years, 96 days
March 17, 1923
June 21, 2015

25
Paddy Casey
M
7004336180000000000♠92 years, 15 days
February 1910
February 16, 2002
 Last surviving brother of the Casey sporting family.[1][2]

text: Oldest wrestlers currently living[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Age
Birth
Notes

1
Joe D'orazio
M
7004347760000000000♠95 years, 77 days
July 27, 1922
 Oldest British Wrestler and referee still living.

2
Bill Mercer
M
7004334790000000000♠91 years, 241 days
February 13, 1926
 Voice of World Class Championship Wrestling.

3
Stan Kowalski
M
7004333900000000000♠91 years, 152 days
May 13, 1926
 Known for his run in AWA in the 1960s to the 1980s when he was a color commentator known as Big K.

4
Carlos Rocha
M
7004331250000000000♠90 years, 252 days
February 2, 1927
 First Portuguese wrestler to wrestle in WWWF.

5
"Cowboy" Bob Ellis
M
7004323530000000000♠88 years, 211 days
March 15, 1929
 Known as the inventor of the bulldog.[5]

6
Pampero Firpo
M
7004319660000000000♠87 years, 189 days
April 6, 1930
 Lives in the United States.

7
Jacques Rougeau Sr.
M
7004319150000000000♠87 years, 138 days
May 27, 1930
 Oldest Canadian Wrestler. Wrestled mainly in Montreal, Quebec as well as Japan and the NWA

8
Len Rossi
M
86 years
1930
 Tennessee legend

9
Don Leo Jonathan
M
7004315780000000000♠86 years, 166 days
April 29, 1931
 Lives in Canada.

10
Dick Beyer
M
7004315050000000000♠86 years, 93 days
July 11, 1931
 Best known for portraying the masked wrestlers The Destroyer and Doctor X. Father of Kurt Beyer. Oldest living World Heavyweight Champion (AWA)

11
Dave Kidney
M
85 years
1931
 Oldest British wrestler to ever wrestle.[6]

12
Dominic DeNucci
M
7004313090000000000♠85 years, 262 days
January 23, 1932
 Former WWWF Tag Team Champion

13
Billy Two Rivers
M
7004312060000000000♠85 years, 160 days
May 5, 1932
 Wrestled mostly in Canada and the U.S. An actual Mohawk chief.

14
Danny Hodge
M
7004311980000000000♠85 years, 152 days
May 13, 1932
 Wrestled in AWA, NWA, and UWF.

15
Rene Goulet
M
7004311380000000000♠85 years, 92 days
July 12, 1932
[7] Wrestled in the WWWF(WWF) from 1971-1987 and later worked as a road agent for WWF until 1997.

16
Gene LeBell
M
7004310490000000000♠85 years, 3 days
October 9, 1932
 Los Angeles promoter and announcer

17
Caswell Martin
M
84 years
1932
 Wrestled in the UK, Germany and Japan.

18
Stan Holek
M
7004308720000000000♠84 years, 191 days
April 4, 1933
 Lives in the United States.

19
Dick Steinborn
M
7004306950000000000♠84 years, 14 days
September 28, 1933
 Wrestled in NWA Georgia in the 1960's and 1970's

20
Les Thornton
M
7004305020000000000♠83 years, 186 days
April 9, 1934
 Former WWF Junior Heavyweight Champion. Resides in Calgary, Canada.

21
Mr. Wrestling II
M
7004303480000000000♠83 years, 32 days
September 10, 1934
 Former NWA Florida Champion.

22
Jose Lothario
M
7004302550000000000♠82 years, 304 days
December 12, 1934
 Trainer of Shawn Michaels.

23
Guillotine Gordon
M
7004302220000000000♠82 years, 271 days
January 14, 1935
 Wrestled in the WWWF from 1964-1969

24
Dory Dixon
M
7004302040000000000♠82 years, 253 days
February 1, 1935
 First Jamaican wrestler in the WWWF

25
Bruno Sammartino
M
7004299570000000000♠82 years, 6 days
October 6, 1935
 The longest-reigning WWWF Champion and oldest living holder of the title.

26
Blackjack Lanza
M
7004299490000000000♠81 years, 363 days
October 14, 1935
 Long-standing WWF road agent. Member of The Blackjacks.

27
Ricky Hunter
M
7004298100000000000♠81 years, 225 days
March 1, 1936
 Known as the Gladiator in Florida and a jobber in WWF

28
Beauregarde
M
7004297530000000000♠81 years, 168 days
April 27, 1936
 Known in the Pacific Northwest Wrestling and is a musician.

29
Larry Hennig
M
7004297010000000000♠81 years, 116 days
June 18, 1936
 "The Axe". Father of Curt Hennig. AWA legend.

30
Black Gordman
M
7004295920000000000♠81 years, 7 days
October 5, 1936
 Teamed up with the Great Goliath winning many tag team titles in the 1970's. Spent most of his career in Los Angeles.

31
Mark Lewin
M
7004294300000000000♠80 years, 210 days
March 16, 1937
 Multi-time regional champion, member of Kevin Sullivan's Army of Darkness.

32
Kenny Jay
M
7004294190000000000♠80 years, 199 days
March 27, 1937
 Known as a jobber in the American Wrestling Association

33
Erich Froelich
M
7004293820000000000♠80 years, 162 days
May 3, 1937
 Lives in Canada. Spent most of his career in NWA: All-Star Wrestling

34
Jerry Brown
M
7004293750000000000♠80 years, 155 days
May 10, 1937
 One half of the famous 70's tag team known as The Hollywood Blondes.

35
Zivko Kovacic
M
7004292320000000000♠80 years, 12 days
September 30, 1937
 First Yugoslavian wrestler to wrestle in the WWWF.

36
Estrella Blanca
M
7004291250000000000♠79 years, 270 days
January 15, 1938
 Former AWA World Lightweight Championship

37
Angelo Mosca
M
7004290680000000000♠79 years, 213 days
March 13, 1938
 Dual-sport star with CFL in Canada.

38
Omar Atlas
M
7004290280000000000♠79 years, 173 days
April 22, 1938
 Former NWA Central States Champion.

39
Paul Vachon
M
7004290060000000000♠79 years, 151 days
May 14, 1938
 Former AWA Tag Team Champion.

40
Johnny Rodz
M
7004290040000000000♠79 years, 149 days
May 16, 1938
 WWE Hall of Famer and notable jobber in WWWF (WWF) from 1965-1985.

text: Oldest wrestlers to ever compete[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Age in last match
Birth
Death
Date of last match
Notes

1
Mae Young
F
7004320250000000000♠87 years, 248 days
March 12, 1923
January 14, 2014
November 15, 2010
 Wrestled a 16-Diva tag match on November 3, 2008. She also took part in what was called a "match" at the age of 87, when outside the ring on November 15, 2010 when she put her foot over WWE's LayCool tag team for a pin.

2
Dominic DeNucci
M
7004293020000000000♠80 years, 82 days
January 23, 1932
Living
April 14, 2012
 DeNucci wrestled his last match at a PWS card in Toronto, Canada.

3
Ox Baker
M
7004292510000000000♠80 years, 31 days
March 19, 1934
October 20, 2014
April 19, 2014
 Wrestled his last match at a CCW card in Marion, Ohio.[8]

4
The Fabulous Moolah
F
7004292750000000000♠80 years, 55 days
July 22, 1923
November 2, 2007
September 15, 2003
 Defeated Victoria on WWE "Raw" September 15, 2003.

5
Dave Kidney
M
79 years
1931
Living
January 28, 2011
 Last known match took place at SSW in Scotland on January 28, 2011.

6
Bob Armstrong
M
7004284080000000000♠77 years, 283 days
October 3, 1939
Living
July 13, 2017
 Armstrong's last match was on July 13, 2017 on a Sunbelt Wrestling Entertainment card that took place in Lakeland, Georgia.[9]

7
Gypsy Joe
M
7004281600000000000♠77 years, 36 days
December 12, 1933
June 14, 2016
January 7, 2011
 Joe wrestled his last match at the Gypsy Joe retirement show on January 7, 2011. Held in Tullahoma, Tennessee by the Southern Wrestling Federation.

8
Dory Funk Jr.
M
7004279940000000000♠76 years, 235 days
February 3, 1941
Living
Still active
 His most recent match took place at All Japan Pro Wrestling's 45th Anniversary event on August 27, 2017. Also still wrestles in his own promotion.

9
Great Kojika
M
7004275610000000000♠75 years, 167 days
April 28, 1942
Living
Still active
 Wrestles for BJW in Japan. Debuted in 1963, retired full-time in 1988 but returned sporadically since 1995.

10
Mil Máscaras
M
7004274690000000000♠75 years, 75 days
July 15, 1942
Living
September 28, 2017
 Mil Máscaras last wrestled on September 28, 2017, defending the IWA World Heavyweight Championship he has held since 1975 and wrestling since 1964.

11
Jimmy Valiant
M
7004274460000000000♠75 years, 52 days
August 9, 1942
Living
September 30, 2017
 Valiant last wrestled on September 30, 2017, at a World Classic Professional Big Time Wrestling event in McArthur, Ohio.[10]

12
Lou Thesz
M
74 years, 243 days
April 24, 1916
April 28, 2002
December 26, 1990
 The former undisputed World Heavyweight Champion last wrestled Masahiro Chono in Japan.

13
Jackie Fargo
M
7004271550000000000♠74 years, 126 days
June 26, 1930
June 24, 2013
October 30, 2004
 Wrestled against Jerry Lawler and The Rock 'n' Roll Express at the Memphis Wrestling Throwback Night.

14
Johnny Saint
M
7004270120000000000♠73 years, 349 days
June 29, 1941
Living
June 6, 2015
 Wrestled for Italian Championship Wrestling.

15
Bill Dundee
M
7004269830000000000♠73 years, 319 days
October 24, 1943
Living
September 8, 2017
 Last wrestled on September 8, 2017 for SGWA Wrestling in Georgia.[11] Still considered active.

16
Terry Funk
M
7004267470000000000♠73 years, 84 days
June 30, 1944
Living
September 22, 2017
 Wrestles for Big Time Wrestling in Raleigh, North Carolina.

17
The Sheik
M
72 years
June 9, 1926
January 18, 2003
1998
 Wrestled his last match in Japan in 1998.

18
Warren Bockwinkel
M
72 years (unverified)
May 21, 1911
March 25, 1986
1983?
 It is said that Warren Bockwinkel, father of Nick Bockwinkel, wrestled until the age of 72.

19
Jimmy Snuka
M
7004262950000000000♠71 years, 362 days
May 18, 1943
January 15, 2017
May 15, 2015
 His last match was at a ECPW event.

20
Claude Roca
M
7004264040000000000♠72 years, 106 days
March 18, 1945
Living
July 2, 2017
 Roca is still active in various promotions in Asia, his most recent match took place in France on July 2, 2017.

21
Kenny Jay
M
7004260260000000000♠71 years, 93 days
March 27, 1937
Living
June 28, 2008
 Teamed up with Buck Zumhofe at Pro Wrestling America in South St. Paul, Minnesota

22
Stu Hart
M
7004260160000000000♠71 years, 83 days
May 3, 1915
October 10, 2003
July 25, 1986
 Teamed up with his son Keith as they defeated The Honky Tonk Man and JR Foley at Stampede Wrestling, the promotion in which Hart owned.

23
Bushwhacker Luke
M
7004258450000000000♠70 years, 277 days
January 8, 1947
Living
Still active
 As of April 2017, Luke still wrestles in various independent promotions.

24
Adrian Street
M
7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days
December 5, 1940
Living
November 19, 2010
 Retired at NWA Birmingham's "Big Bang" event on November 19, 2010, where he defeated Aeon Flexx.

25
Robbie Ellis
M
7004255310000000000♠69 years, 328 days
April 8, 1943
Living
March 22, 2013
 Retired in March 2013.

26
Nikolai Volkoff
M
7004255660000000000♠69 years, 363 days
October 14, 1947
Living
Still active
 Still wrestles in various independent promotions in 2017.

27
Abdullah the Butcher
M
7004254730000000000♠69 years, 271 days
January 11, 1941
Living
October 9 2010
 Wrestled Bull Buchanan at the GCW Southern Legends Fan Fest in Pell City, Alabama which ended in a no contest.

28
George Julio
M
7004254440000000000♠69 years, 242 days
March 10, 1946
Living
November 7, 2015
 Wrestled against Mad Dog McCrea in a tag team match in Australia's New Age Wrestling card. [12]

29
Tinieblas
M
7004254260000000000♠69 years, 223 days
June 8, 1939
Living
January 17, 2009
 Wrestled in a tag team match with his son, Tinieblas Jr. Full Contact Wrestling in Cudahy, California.

30
Demolition Ax
M
7004254100000000000♠69 years, 207 days
December 27, 1947
Living
August 12, 2017
 Wrestled his last match at Georgia Premier Wrestling in Canton, Georgia

text: Oldest wrestlers still wrestling[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Age
Birth
Notes

1
Dory Funk Jr.
M
7004280100000000000♠76 years, 251 days
February 3, 1941
 Still wrestles in his own promotion Funking Conservatory and various independent promotions in Japan.

2
Great Kojika
M
7004275610000000000♠75 years, 167 days
April 28, 1942
 Still wrestles for Big Japan Pro Wrestling.

3
Bushwhacker Luke
M
7004258450000000000♠70 years, 277 days
January 8, 1947
 Wrestles independent shows as of 2017

4
Nikolai Volkoff
M
7004255660000000000♠69 years, 363 days
October 14, 1947
 Wrestled independent shows in the US and Canada as of June 2017.

5
Great Kabuki
M
7004252360000000000♠69 years, 34 days
September 8, 1948
 Most recent match took place on May 21, 2017, in Japan for All Japan Pro Wrestling.

6
Mitsuo Momota
M
7004252230000000000♠69 years, 21 days
September 21, 1948
 Most recent match took place at the Wrestle-1 card on May 14, 2017, in Japan.

7
Yoshiaki Fujiwara
M
7004250050000000000♠68 years, 168 days
April 27, 1949
 Makes occasional appearances in Japan as of 2017.

8
Kevin Sullivan
M
7004248230000000000♠67 years, 351 days
October 26, 1949
 Most recent match took place on June 9,2017 at H2O Wrestling in Williamstown, New Jersey.

9
Jerry Lawler
M
7004247890000000000♠67 years, 317 days
November 29, 1949
 Wrestles in independent shows and is currently a color commentator for WWE.

10
Gran Hamada
M
7004244260000000000♠66 years, 319 days
November 27, 1950
 Makes occasional appearances in Japan as of 2017.


document_title: Michael Jordan: An American Hero

question_text: who played michael jordan in the michael jordan movie

text: Michael Jordan: An American Hero

text:
Michael Jordan: An American Hero

Directed by
Alan Metzger

Starring
Michael Jace

Composer(s)
Paul Christian Gordon

Country of origin
United States

Original language(s)
English

Production

Producer(s)
Mike Elliot

Cinematography
Thomas Callaway

Running time
93 minutes

Production company(s)
Saban Entertainment

Distributor
Saban International N.V.

Release

Original network
Fox Family Channel

Original release
April 18, 1999

text: Michael Jordan: An American Hero is an American television film that aired on April 18, 1999 on Fox Family Channel.[1] It stars Michael Jace as Michael Jordan.