document_title: Field of Dreams

question_text: who played kevin costner's wife in field of dreams

question_tokens: who played kevin costner 's wife in field of dreams

text: Field of Dreams

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ray Kinsella is a novice Iowa farmer who lives with his wife, Annie, and daughter, Karin. In the opening narration, he explains how he had a troubled relationship with his father, John Kinsella, who had been a devoted baseball fan. While walking through his cornfield one evening, he hears a voice whispering, "If you build it, he will come." He continues hearing this before finally seeing a vision of a baseball diamond in his field. Annie is skeptical, but she allows him to plow the corn under in order to build a baseball field. As he builds, he tells Karin the story of the 1919 Black Sox Scandal. Months pass and nothing happens; his family faces financial ruin until, one night, Karin spots a uniformed man on the field. Ray recognizes him as Shoeless Joe Jackson, a deceased baseball player idolized by John. Thrilled to be able to play baseball again, he asks to bring others to the field to play. He later returns with the seven other players banned as a result of the 1919 scandal.

text: Ray's brother-in-law, Mark, can't see the players and warns him that he will go bankrupt unless he replants his corn. While in the field, Ray hears the voice again, this time urging him to "ease his pain."

text: Ray attends a PTA meeting at which the possible banning of books by radical author Terence Mann is discussed. He decides the voice was referring to Mann. He comes across a magazine interview dealing with Mann's childhood dream of playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers. After Ray and Annie both dream about him and Mann attending a baseball game together at Fenway Park, he convinces her that he should seek out Mann. He heads to Boston and persuades a reluctant, embittered Mann to attend a game with him at Fenway Park. While there, he hears the voice again, this time urging him to "go the distance." At the same time, the scoreboard "shows" statistics for a player named Archibald "Moonlight" Graham, who played one game for the New York Giants in 1922, but never had a turn at bat. After the game, Mann eventually admits that he, too, saw it.

text: Ray and Mann then travel to Chisholm, Minnesota where they learn that Graham had become a doctor and had died sixteen years earlier. During a late night walk, Ray finds himself back in 1972 and encounters the then-living Graham, who states that he had moved on from his baseball career. He also says that the greater disappointment would have been not having a medical career. He declines Ray's invitation to fulfill his dream; however, during the drive back home, Ray picks up a young hitchhiker who introduces himself as Archie Graham. While Archie sleeps, Ray reveals to Mann that John had wanted him to live out his dream of being a baseball star. He stopped playing catch with him after reading one of Mann's books at 14. At 17, he had denounced Shoeless Joe as a criminal to John and that was the reason for the rift between them. Ray expresses regret that he didn't get a chance to make things right before John died. When they arrive back at Ray's farm, they find that enough players have arrived to field two teams. A game is played and Archie finally gets his turn at bat.

text: The next morning, Mark returns and demands that Ray sell the farm. Karin says that they will not need to because people will pay to watch the ballgames. Mann agrees, saying that "people will come" in order to relive their childhood innocence. Ray, after much thought, refuses and a frustrated Mark scuffles with him, during which Karin is accidentally knocked off the bleachers. The young Graham runs from the field to help, becoming old Graham, complete with Gladstone bag, the instant he steps off of it, and saves Karin from choking (she had been eating a hot dog when she fell). Ray realizes that Graham sacrificed his young self in order to save her. After reassuring Ray that his true calling was medicine and being commended by the other players, Graham leaves, disappearing into the corn. Suddenly, Mark is able to see the players and urges Ray not to sell the farm.

text: After the game, Shoeless Joe invites Mann to enter the corn; he accepts and disappears into it. Ray is angry at not being invited, but Shoeless Joe rebukes him: if he really wants a reward for having sacrificed so much, then he had better stay on the field. Shoeless Joe then glances towards a player at home plate, saying "If you build it, he will come." The player then removes his mask, and Ray recognizes him to be John as a young man. Shocked, Ray realizes that "ease his pain" referred to John, and believes that Shoeless Joe was the voice all along; however, Joe implies that the voice was Ray himself. Joe then disappears into the corn.

text: Ray introduces John to Annie and Karin. As he heads towards the corn, Ray asks him if he wants to play a game of catch. They begin to play and Annie happily watches. Meanwhile, hundreds of cars can be seen approaching the baseball field, fulfilling Karin and Mann's prophecy that people will come to watch baseball.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kevin Costner as Ray Kinsella
Amy Madigan as Annie Kinsella
James Earl Jones as Terence Mann
Timothy Busfield as Mark
Kelly Coffield Park as Dee
Frank Whaley as Archie Graham
Gaby Hoffmann as Karin Kinsella
Dwier Brown as John Kinsella
Fern Persons as Annie's mother
Ray Liotta as Shoeless Joe Jackson
Burt Lancaster as Archibald "Moonlight" Graham
Art LaFleur as Chick Gandil
Michael Milhoan as Buck Weaver
Steve Eastin as Eddie Cicotte
Charles Hoyes as Swede Risberg
Ben Affleck as Baseball Fan At Fenway Park
Matt Damon as Baseball Fan At Fenway Park

text: Production[edit]

text: Phil Alden Robinson read Shoeless Joe in 1981 and liked it so much that he brought it to producers Lawrence Gordon and Charles Gordon. Lawrence Gordon worked for 20th Century Fox, part of the time as its president, and repeatedly mentioned that the book should be adapted into a film. The studio, however, always turned down the suggestion because they felt the project was too esoteric and noncommercial. Meanwhile, Robinson went ahead with his script, frequently consulting W. P. Kinsella, the book's author, for advice on the adaptation. Lawrence Gordon left Fox in 1986 and started pitching the adaptation to other studios. Universal Studios accepted the project in 1987 and hired USC coach Rod Dedeaux as baseball advisor. Dedeaux brought along World Series champion and USC alumnus Don Buford to coach the actors.[6]

text: The film was shot using the novel's title; eventually, an executive decision was made to rename it Field of Dreams. Robinson did not like the idea saying he loved Shoeless Joe, and that the new title was better suited for one about dreams deferred. Later, Kinsella told Robinson that his originally chosen title for the book had been The Dream Field and that the title Shoeless Joe had been imposed by the publisher.[7]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Robinson and the producers did not originally consider Kevin Costner for the part of Ray because they did not think that he would want to follow Bull Durham with another baseball film. He, however, did end up reading the script and became interested in the project, stating that he felt it would be "this generation's It's a Wonderful Life". Since Robinson's directing debut In the Mood had been a commercial failure, Costner also said that he would help him with the production. Amy Madigan, a fan of the book, joined the cast as Ray's wife, Annie. In the book, the writer Ray seeks out is real-life author J.D. Salinger. When Salinger threatened the production with a lawsuit if his name was used, Robinson decided to rewrite the character as reclusive Terence Mann. He wrote with James Earl Jones in mind because he thought it would be fun to see Ray trying to kidnap such a big man. Robinson had originally envisioned Shoeless Joe Jackson as being played by an actor in his 40s, someone who would be older than Costner and who could thereby act as a father surrogate. Ray Liotta did not fit that criterion, but Robinson thought he would be a better fit for the part because he had the "sense of danger" and ambiguity which Robinson wanted in the character. Burt Lancaster had originally turned down the part of Moonlight Graham, but changed his mind after a friend, who was also a baseball fan, told him that he had to work on the film.[6]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on May 25, 1988. The shooting schedule was built around Costner's availability because he would be leaving in August to film Revenge. Except for some weather delays and other time constraints, production rolled six days a week. The interior scenes were the first ones shot because the cornfield planted by the filmmakers was taking too long to grow. Irrigation had to be used to quickly grow the corn to Costner's height. Primary shot locations were in Dubuque County, Iowa; a farm near Dyersville was used for the Kinsella home; an empty warehouse in Dubuque was used to build various interior sets. Galena, Illinois served as Moonlight Graham's Chisholm, Minnesota.[6] One week was spent on location shots in Boston, most notably Fenway Park.[8]

text: Robinson, despite having a sufficient budget as well as the cast and crew he wanted, constantly felt tense and depressed during filming. He felt that he was under too much pressure to create an outstanding film, and that he was not doing justice to the original novel. Lawrence Gordon convinced him that the end product would be effective.[6]

text: During a lunch with the Iowa Chamber of Commerce, Robinson broached his idea of a final scene in which headlights could be seen for miles along the horizon. The Chamber folks replied that it could be done and the shooting of the final scene became a community event. The film crew was hidden on the farm to make sure the aerial shots did not reveal them. Dyersville was then blacked out and local extras drove their vehicles to the field. In order to give the illusion of movement, the drivers were instructed to continuously switch between their low and high beams.

text: Field[edit]

text: Scenes of the Kinsella farm were taken on the property of Don Lansing; some of the baseball field scenes were shot on the neighboring farm of Al Ameskamp. Because the shooting schedule was too short for grass to naturally grow, the experts on sod laying responsible for Dodger Stadium and the Rose Bowl were hired to create the baseball field. Part of the process involved painting the turf green. [6]

text: After shooting, Ameskamp again grew corn on his property; Lansing maintained his as a tourist destination.[6] He did not charge for admission or parking, deriving revenue solely from the souvenir shop. By the film's twentieth anniversary, approximately 65,000 people visited annually.[9] In July 2010, the farm containing the "Field" was listed as for sale.[10] It was sold on October 31, 2011, to Go The Distance Baseball, LLC, for an undisclosed fee, believed to be around $5.4 million.[11]

text: In January 2018, a man went off-roading on the field, causing large tire gashes and damaging the sprinkler system. The following week, he turned himself in and was charged with felony mischief. [12]

text: Music[edit]

text: At first, James Horner was unsure if he could work on the film due to scheduling restrictions. Then he watched a rough cut and was so moved that he accepted the job of scoring it. Robinson had created a temp track which was disliked by Universal executives. When the announcement of Horner as composer was made, they felt more positive because they expected a big orchestral score, similar to Horner's work for An American Tail. Horner, in contrast, liked the temporary score, finding it "quiet and kind of ghostly." He decided to follow the idea of the temp track, creating an atmospheric soundtrack which would "focus on the emotions".[6] In addition to Horner's score, portions of several pop songs are heard during the film. They are listed in the following order in the closing credits:

text:
"Crazy", written by Willie Nelson and performed by Beverly D'Angelo
"Daydream", written by John Sebastian and performed by The Lovin' Spoonful
"Jessica", written by Dickey Betts and performed by The Allman Brothers Band
"China Grove", written by Tom Johnston and performed by The Doobie Brothers
"Lotus Blossom", written by Billy Strayhorn and performed by Duke Ellington

text: Historical connections[edit]

text: The character played by Burt Lancaster and Frank Whaley, Archibald "Moonlight" Graham, is based on an actual baseball player with the same name. His character is largely true to life except for a few factual liberties taken for artistic reasons. For instance, the real Graham's lone major league game occurred in June 1905,[13] rather than on the final day of the 1922 season. The real Graham also died in 1965, as opposed to 1972 as the film depicts. In the film, Terence Mann interviews a number of people about Graham. The DVD special points out that the facts they gave him were taken from articles written about the real one.

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)

text: Universal scheduled the film to open in the U.S. on April 21, 1989.It debuted in just a few theaters and was gradually released to more screens so that it would have a spot among the summer blockbusters. It ended up playing until December.[6]

text: As of June 2017, review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rates the film 86%, based on 57 reviews with an average score of 7.9 out of 10. The consensus states: "Field of Dreams is sentimental, but in the best way; it's a mix of fairy tale, baseball, and family togetherness."[14]

text: Honors[edit]

text: In June 2008, after having polled over 1,500 people in the creative community, AFI revealed its "Ten Top Ten" — the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres. The film was acknowledged as the sixth best one in the fantasy genre.[15][16]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies—nominated[17]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

"If you build it, he will come."—#39

AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores—nominated[18]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers—#28
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)—nominated[19]
AFI's 10 Top 10—#6 Fantasy Film


document_title: Nick Robinson (English actor)

question_text: actor who played william beech in goodnight mr tom

root

text: Nick Robinson (English actor)

text: This  biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification, as it includes attribution to IMDb. IMDb may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Nick RobinsonBorn
Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, EnglandOccupation
Actor, producerYears active
1993–present

text: Nick Robinson is an English actor who has appeared regularly on British television, most famously as William Beech in Goodnight Mister Tom, starring John Thaw.[1][2] He also played the lead in the television series Harry and the Wrinklies based upon the book of the same name by Alan Temperley, produced by Scottish Television. He has made a few other television programmes including an episode of Midsomer Murders and he was also in the film version of Tom's Midnight Garden. Other appearances include Ruth Rendell Mysteries, Urban Gothic and Down to Earth.[3]

tag: p

text: Nick played William Beech in the film 'Goodnight Mister Tom'. He began his career in theatre and, at the age of 7, appeared in the West End transfer of An Inspector Calls, produced by the National Theatre, at the Aldwych Theatre. His next appearance was in Theatre De Complicite's production of The Caucasian Chalk Circle in the Olivier Theatre and on its national tour. He later played the title role in the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of Little Eyolf, directed by Adrian Noble.

text: Nick Robinson was most famous for his role in Goodnight Mister Tom. This won the awards of the Bafta for the Most Popular TV programme in 1998 voted for by readers of the Radio Times, Best Drama performance in 1999 and the Best ITV/Channel 5 Programme of 1998.

text: Robinson also works extensively as a producer; most recently he presented the UK premiere production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's State Fair directed by Thom Southerland, at the Trafalgar Studios in London's West End. Other credits include The Full Monty at the New Players Theatre, Calamity Jane at Upstairs at the Gatehouse, Singin' in the Rain at the Broadway Studio, Call Me Madam at Upstairs at the Gatehouse and The Unsinkable Molly Brown at the Landor Theatre.[4] Later this year[when?], Robinson will be producing the Pulitzer prize-winning play The Diary of Anne Frank.

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Goodnight Mister Tom (TV movie, 1998) as William Beech
Tom's Midnight Garden (1999) as Peter Long
Midsomer Murders (TV series) as Felix Bryce in episode Death's Shadow (1999)
Harry and the Wrinklies (TV series, 1999-2002) as Harry
Vatel (2000) as Colin
Ruth Rendell Mysteries (TV series) as Edward Devenish in episode Harm Done (2000)
Urban Gothic (TV series) as Jake in episode Old Nick (2000)
Ali and Danny (2002) as Danny
Down to Earth (TV series) as Ronan Davies in episode Moving On (2003)

tag: ul


document_title: The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)

question_text: who voices tintin in the adventures of tintin

text: The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)

text: History[edit]

text: The television series was directed by French director Stephen Bernasconi (with Peter Hudecki as the Canadian unit director) and produced by Ellipse (France) and Nelvana (Canada) on behalf of the Hergé Foundation. It was the first television adaptation of Hergé's books  since the Belgian animation company Belvision was responsible for Hergé's Adventures of Tintin 20 years earlier. Philippe Goddin, an expert in Hergé and Tintin, acted as a consultant to the producers. The series' writers included: Toby Mullally, Eric Rondeaux, Martin Brossolet, Amelie Aubert, Dennise Fordham, and Alex Boon.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series used traditional animation techniques[3] and adhered closely to the original books, going so far as to transpose some frames from the original books directly to screen. In the episodes "Destination Moon" and "Explorers on the Moon", 3D animation was used for the moon rocket—an unusual step in 1989. Each frame of the animation was then printed and recopied onto celluloid, hand painted in gouache, and then laid onto a painted background. The rocket seen in the title sequence is animated using the same 3D techniques.

text: Artistically, the series chose a constant style, unlike in the books. In the books, the images had been drawn over the course of 47 years, during which Hergé's style developed considerably. However, later televised episodes, such as the "Moon Story" and "Tintin in America," clearly demonstrated the artists' development during the course of the production of the television series. It was filmed with English language narration, but all visuals (road signs, posters, and settings) remained in French.

text: Changes from the books[edit]

text: Certain aspects of the stories posed difficulties for the producers, who had to adapt features of the books for a younger audience. Nevertheless, this series was far more faithful to the books than the earlier Hergé's Adventures of Tintin, which was made from 1959 to 1963.

text: Some examples of these changes included toning down the high amount of violence, death, and the use of firearms in many adventures. Tintin's role was slightly downplayed and he scolded his dog Snowy less often than he did in the books. Twice in the series, Tintin is portrayed as knowing various characters already (Thomson and Thompson and Allan in "Cigars of the Pharaoh" and Piotr Skut in "The Red Sea Sharks"), when it was the first time they had met in the book version. On these occasions Tintin had already interacted with these characters in the TV series, as stories were shown in a sequence different from the books.

text: Haddock's penchant for whiskey posed a problem for audience sensitivities. While the original books did not promote alcohol, they featured it heavily, with much humor based around it and the results of drinking. However, in many countries where the producers hoped to sell the series, alcoholism was a sensitive issue. Therefore, international versions of the series had some alterations. Specifically, Haddock is often seen drinking, but not as heavily as in the books. "The Crab with the Golden Claws" is the only adventure where Haddock's drunken state is not downplayed. In "Tintin in Tibet", Haddock is seen taking a nip from a whiskey flask in order to set up a scene in which Snowy is tempted to lap up some spilled whiskey and subsequently falls over a cliff. In "Tintin and the Picaros", Haddock is the only person taking wine with dinner, foreshadowing the use of Calculus' tablets to cure the drunken Picaros. Haddock is also seen drinking in "The Calculus Affair" and in "Explorers on the Moon", setting up the scene where he leaves the rocket in a drunken state. However, he keeps the bottle in the refrigerator (instead of hiding it in an astronomy book, like he did in the book), making it less obvious for young viewers that it is alcohol.

text: The specific differences between each TV episode and comic book are:

text:
Tintin in America: This is the most altered episode, amounting to an almost completely new story. The Native American aspect of the original tale was removed and the gangster element given the main focus. In the book, Bobby Smiles is the head of a rival gang to Al Capone, but becomes an "employee" of Capone's in the televised episode. All the criminals are led by Al Capone, who is captured at the end. Artistically, the episode was produced to the same standard as the others, but the backgrounds boast greater detail and more cinematic shots. The ending was also rewritten. Unlike in the book, where Tintin returns safely to Europe, in this episode he receives a phone call about an unknown situation, and leaves his hotel room to solve it, ending the episode and the entire series.
Cigars of the Pharaoh: In the TV episode, Tintin's cruise is transported from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean and scenes showing the criminal boss writing orders already hint at the boss being  Rastapopoulos by his voice and by clothes matching his preceding appearances. Also, the dream sequence when Tintin passes out in the tomb is made more frightening when the Pharaoh's emblem (colored red and slanted to look more like a no symbol) melts into a smoke that appears to be blood and eventually transforms into a disfigured skull-like apparition. Furthermore, the mental hospital cell is a padded cell; in the book it has a bed. Also, in the book, Tintin is imprisoned in the asylum because of a forged letter planted by the fakir; in the TV episode, Dr. Finney is a member of the gang and writes the letter to frame Tintin. Tintin is not recaptured by the asylum as in the books; instead the maharaja's son finds him. Also, the poet Zloty is absent in the episode. In the comic, Doctor Sarcophagus ends up in the asylum, while in the TV episode he does not. In the TV series, Tintin is already friends with Thompson and Thomson when they try to arrest him on the ship; he also recognizes Allan Thompson among the gang members (replacing an unnamed Japanese). Tintin had already interacted with these characters in earlier TV episodes but not in earlier books.
The Blue Lotus:  Mitsuhirato's manservant is shown to be a double agent in the service of the Sons of the Dragon, and it is he who replaces the Rajaijah poison with a harmless substitute, and delivers the real poison to his employers. In the book, this was done by another agent. Gibbons is not shown at all, and Dawson's role is much reduced, as he is only shown as the police commissioner who calls in Thompson and Thomson, and does not appear to be in league with Mitsuhirato. (This creates a subsequent continuity error in "The Red Sea Sharks", as Tintin mentions having a "run-in" with Dawson despite not encountering him in this story). Also in the book, Chang's parents were killed in the flood, but in the TV episode Chang had an orphanage which was washed away by the flood. At the end of the story line, Rastapopoulos tries to flee through the Blue Lotus club when the other villains are apprehended, but is himself caught by Thompson and Thomson. In the book, Rastapopoulos was apprehended along with Mitsuhirato. Also, the episode, unlike the book, does not reveal Mitsuhirato's fate.
The Broken Ear:  Tortilla is completely missing from the plot, and is replaced by Walker's aide, Lopez (who is not described as a half-caste). Further, Colonel/Corporal Diaz and the entire subplot involving the rivaling petroleum companies are removed, and accordingly, Tintin never falls out of favor with General Alcazar, and Alonzo and Ramon never find Tintin in the Amazon. Instead, they disappear from the story line after Tintin escapes from them in San Theodoros, and do not appear again until the climax. Also, Tintin's disguise to spy on Ramon and Alonzo is changed from the blackface makeup he uses in the book to a false mustache and glasses in the episode. While in the book, Tintin walks alone back to Sanfacion, Nuevo Rico after being caught by Alonzo and Ramon, in the episode he is escorted (off screen) by Ridgewell and the Arumbayas to San Theodoros. At the end of the episode, Tintin saves Ramon and Alonzo, whereas in the book they drown and disappear into Hell, though it is speculated that this may be an imaginary scene or hallucination. Pablo and Trickler do not appear. (The former creates a continuity error with the cartoon adaptation of "Tintin and the Picaros" where the young reporter remembers him.)
The Black Island:  Ranko, the gorilla, crushes the rock Tintin throws at him, something he did not do in the book. Also, in the episode, the counterfeiting gang based in the castle comprises only Puschov, Dr. Müller, and Ivan: in the book, there were two more members.
King Ottokar's Sceptre:  In the book, the true professor smokes while the impostor does not; this is reversed for the TV episode, and Tintin also learns of the twin Alembicks much earlier in the episode than in the book. And in the book, Tintin crossed the border because he got hungry and was chased back by frontier guards, while in the episode Tintin accidentally crosses the border while following a Bordurian fighter to its airfield. In the book, Tintin got the clue that the camera was faked from a toy store, while in the episode Tintin got the clue by looking at the cannons outside Kropow Castle.
The Crab with the Golden Claws:  The episode starts with a scene of a meeting between Bunji Kuraki and Herbert Dawes, which is only referred to in the book. Tintin later encounters an imprisoned Kuraki, which is not depicted in the book. He tells Tintin about Allan's plans. In the book, Tintin sees the drugs with his own eyes. Captain Haddock does not start a fire on the lifeboat that he, Tintin and Snowy use to escape the Karaboudjan. The plane crash before the desert is also changed. In the book, Haddock is drunk and hits Tintin with a bottle, only to row himself. In the adaption (and in the 50-60s adaption also), Haddock is innocent, and they let the pilot (the other is removed) attack Tintin. As in the 50-60´s adaptation, the ending is rewritten, replacing the fishing net with a rope.
The Shooting Star:  The part of Philippulus the Prophet is significantly reduced. He is seen at the start of the episode when Tintin reaches the observatory and when he is having a 'nightmare'. These appearances were reduced and others, such as Philippulus' "occupation" of the Aurora's crow's nest, are completely missing. The Aurora's fuel stop in Akureyri, Iceland was likewise left, and Captain Chester is absent in the episode. Also, they see the Peary through binoculars aboard the Aurora, instead of from a seaplane.
The Secret of the Unicorn: The Great Dane, Brutus, is not shown. Also, when Haddock takes Tintin out of his apartment to show him the painting of the Unicorn, someone is shown watching them and then breaking into Tintin's apartment. In the book it is only revealed that there was a robbery when Tintin arrives home and finds his model Unicorn missing. Finally, a change was made to the scene in which Tintin is kidnapped and taken to Marlinspike Hall: rather than two unknown "delivery men", as depicted in the book, it is the Bird brothers (Max and Gustav) themselves who kidnap him.
Red Rackham's Treasure:  The changes are made solely for time, such as the only consequence of the press exposure is their meeting with Calculus. In addition, Tintin has a smooth voyage in the shark submarine, as opposed to the book, where Tintin is in peril when the vehicle is snarled with seaweed. Furthermore, the treasure hunters never return to the island to dig around a large wooden cross because of a mistaken idea of where the treasure could be since Tintin comes to realize why that would be useless while returning from the island from the story's only landing. In addition, Tintin is the only one who does the diving and it is he finds the cache of Jamaican Rum and Captain Haddock takes the discovery calmly.
The Seven Crystal Balls:  The episode begins with the Seven Explorers of the Sanders–Hardiman Expedition finding the Mummy of Rascar Capac. Jolyon Wagg also makes a cameo appearance at the theater. Following the chronology of the books, Jolyon Wagg does not appear until "The Calculus Affair", but as the TV episodes of "The Calculus Affair" aired before "The Seven Crystal Balls", Wagg's appearance is credible when the episodes are viewed in that order.
Prisoners of the Sun: The changes are made solely for time, such as Tintin and Haddock's execution being reduced to one day instead of eighteen, and some of the action in the jungle being reduced or toned down.
Land of Black Gold:  Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab was given a more sympathetic and caring role and lets Tintin and Captain Haddock take his car whereas in the book, he does not. The role of Abdullah is downplayed, and he does not seem to cry as much as he does in the book. Also, the Emir already knows what Dr. Müller's real name is, while in the book he knows, and calls him Professor Smith, and knows his actual name at the end of the book. The half-destroyed Marlinspike Hall was shown on TV, while in the book, it was a photo taken by Professor Calculus. And when Dr. Müller asks Tintin if he wants to destroy Formula 14, he shows how much he loves his friends, while in the book he merely states that he was not interested.
Destination Moon: Again, the cuts are made solely for time, such as Tintin's misadventure with a pack of bears, Haddock's tantrums over the space trip, and a few other incidents like a false fire alarm.
Explorers on the Moon:  Tintin's attempt to rescue Haddock from his impromptu spacewalk around the asteroid Adonis is made more dramatic and heightened than in the book, with both of them getting pulled into orbit and Tintin having to use a grappling iron to return them to the rocket. Despite that, the tense nature of the adventure is toned down somewhat with Snowy's rescue from the cave omitted from the story.
The Calculus Affair:  The Syldavian group, which is also trying to abduct Professor Calculus, is removed for simplicity. Also, in the original book, Calculus was kidnapped earlier in the story. In addition, Jolyon Wagg only appears twice in this episode, and his entire family has been removed from the storyline, while in the book he appeared four times.
The Red Sea Sharks:  The original book dealt with the topic of modern slavery, but the television episode was centered around smuggling of refugees: they were not meant to be sold, but killed after handing over all their money. Furthermore, while the Africans in the book volunteered to be simply stokers for the ship that Captain Haddock commands, the television version (changing them from Africans to Arabs) makes a point of having them doing more sophisticated work on the ship (although this is implied in the book). Bab El Ehr himself is entirely deleted from the storyline; as a result, Dr. Müller's role is expanded, and he becomes the leader of the attempted coup d'état rather than just being one of Bab El Ehr's military commanders. Also, the scene in which the Mosquitoes bomb the armored cars is rewritten — in the book, Müller is safely inside headquarters, and gives orders via telephone, whereas in the episode, Müller is in one of the vehicles and communicates via radio. Jolyon Wagg is also absent, and the last scene depicts the exploding firework in a chair, another trick from Abdullah.
Tintin in Tibet:  One notable omission from this episode is the stopover in New Delhi during the quest to save Chang. Also, the nightmare Tintin had and Chang calling him is seen, while it was not in the book.
The Castafiore Emerald:  Unlike the book, when Castafiore arrives she still gives Captain Haddock the parrot Iago as a gift, but the parrot's part is significantly downplayed; as such, the bird does not manage to pick up much of Haddock's verbal slang, sparing the Captain from further annoyance. Also, unlike the book, Castafiore trips over the broken stair (in the book she is the only character not to). Miarka is much friendlier towards Tintin and Haddock and does not bite the Captain. Miarka's uncle is less hostile to Tintin and Haddock and does not try to throw a rock at Tintin as in the book. Neither does he think Marlinspike Hall's inhabitants have a deep hatred for him and the other gypsies. The scene when Thomson and Thompson confront the gypsies is shown.
Flight 714: Rastapopolous says that he was planning to shoot Dr. Krollspell, whereas in the book he merely says "eliminate", and does not reveal plans for the other crew members or the Sondinesians. Also, the shootout that Tintin and Captain Haddock have with Alan and his men is longer than in the book, and Alan does not have his teeth knocked out by the Sondonesians. In the end, the spaceship drops Krollspell off in India; in the book it drops him off in Cairo (although the original French version also had Krollspell transported to India). The group is hypnotized after they get on the spaceship; this is perhaps more believable as the volcano was about to explode. Jolyon Wagg and his family is omitted from this episode. Mik Kanrokitoff's Russian accent is toned down in this version.
Tintin and the Picaros:  Hergé presents a less naive Tintin who refuses to go with Haddock and Calculus to rescue Castafiore and the detectives, knowing it is a setup. He only joins them later, after his conscience gets the better of him. Many fans felt it was out of character for Tintin to refuse to go to South America. In the television episode, Tintin is all for rescuing his friends, and goes with Haddock and Calculus early in the adventure. In the original comic, Tintin wore bell-bottoms throughout the book, which was in contrast with the plus-fours he had always worn previously - the plus-fours are restored for the episode. The encounter with Ridgewell and the Arumbayas is also removed.

text: Tintin in America, The Shooting Star and Red Rackham's Treasure are the only stories to be told in one part instead of two. In the second part of the stories, Tintin narrates some of the events of the first part at the beginning.

text: Throughout the books, Snowy is frequently seen to be "talking". It is understood that his voice is only heard through the "fourth wall", but this verbal commentary is completely absent in the television series.

text: Stories not adapted[edit]

text: Three of the Tintin books were not included in the animated series. These were the first two (Tintin in the Land of the Soviets and Tintin in the Congo) and the final unfinished Tintin and Alph-Art.

text: Music[edit]

text: The underscore music and the main title theme for the series were written by composers Ray Parker and Tom Szczesniak. The music was recorded by engineer James Morgan. Excerpts from the score were released by Lé Studio Ellipse on CD and cassette in conjunction with Universal Music Group, on the StudioCanal label. It is now out of print in both formats.

text: Hergé's cameo appearances[edit]

text: Hergé, the creator of Tintin, makes a number of Hitchcock-like cameo appearances in the cartoon series—as he often did in the original books. Most of the time he is just a passing figure in the street, such as when he is checking his watch in The Blue Lotus or a reporter (The Broken Ear) or a technician (Explorers on the Moon). These brief appearances, however, are not sporadic as he is featured in all of the TV episodes. His letter box can even be seen next to Tintin's in The Crab with the Golden Claws. Other cameos are less flattering: he is a gangster in Tintin in America and an inmate at the lunatic asylum in Cigars of the Pharaoh, along with his fellow artist and collaborator Edgar P. Jacobs.[4]

text: Broadcasts and releases[edit]

text: Broadcasts[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In France, the series originally aired on May 5, 1992 on France 3 with reruns on M6.

text: In Canada, the series originally aired on Global, Family Channel, and on Radio-Canada in Quebec, with reruns subsequently aired on YTV, CBC, and Teletoon Retro. In the United States, it originally aired on HBO with reruns subsequently aired on Nickelodeon.

text: The series originally aired in the United Kingdom on Channel Four on terrestrial television and Family Channel, a channel based on CBN's Family Channel available through the original Sky system. It was later broadcast on Sky One until the show was purchased by Five.

text: In Israel, the series was dubbed into Hebrew by Elrom Studios and broadcast on the Israeli Channel 2, then later on the Israel Broadcasting Authority. Tintin became very popular among kids and adults in Israel, and the show was aired for several years rerunning many times.

text: In Australia, the series was broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation as part of their ABC Kids programming block, as well as on the ABC2 digital channel (5 April 1993 – 21 April 2006). Its complete run has been shown at least twice, leading to screenings of the Belvision Hergé's Adventures of Tintin. In October 2010, it was being aired on Boomerang. Later, it stopped airing on TV in Australia. In New Zealand, the series was originally aired on TV2 of Television New Zealand and TV3. It continued to be rerun on TV2 and TV3 for a few years, and was then featured on Cartoon Network.

text: In South Africa, the series was broadcast by KTV, a daily children's program, on M-Net.

text: In India, the series was broadcast by Cartoon Network in the summer of 2000 with a Hindi dub by Sound and Vision India. The original run was followed by many reruns. Doordarshan's DD National and Zee Alpha Bangla also showed the series with the original Hindi dubbing. Gemini TV aired the series in Telugu around the same time as Sabash Tintin. In 2013, it returned on Discovery Kids during Republic Day 2013, but with a new Hindi dubbing voice cast and produced by a different dubbing studio.

text: In the Philippines, it was aired in GMA-7 in the mid-1990s as part of the afternoon cartoon schedule.

text: In Brazil, the series was aired in state-owned TV Cultura and TVE Brasil in 1996 and early 2010s.

text: In Latin America, was aired first on Cartoon Network LATAM during 1995, Then in Nickelodeon LATAM in 1996 to 2001, and later returns to Cartoon Network LATAM during 2002 to 2004, and later, the show reruns on Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang LATAM

text: Home video[edit]

text: Voice artists[edit]

text: English[edit]

text:
Colin O'Meara – Tintin, Aurora radio operator, Harbour Master, Lieutenant Kavitch
Susan Roman – Snowy
David Fox – Captain Haddock, Sir Francis Haddock
Wayne Robson – Professor Calculus
Dan Hennessey – Thomson
John Stocker – Thompson
Maureen Forrester – Bianca Castafiore
Yank Azman – additional voices
Paul Haddad – additional voices
Don Francks - additional voices
Marvin Ishmael - additional voices
Keith Knight – G. Bird
Graham Halley – additional voices
Denis Akiyama – Mitsuhirato, Bunji Kuraki, Tharkey
Ho Chow – Mr. Lee, Cheng Li-Kin
Peter Meech – Radio Announcer
Chris Wiggins – Wang Chen-Yee
Peter Wildman – Hector and Alfred Alembick
Harvey Atkin - Mohammed Emir Ben Kalish Ezab

text: French[edit]

text:
Thierry Wermuth – Tintin
Susan Roman – Milou
Christian Pelissier – Capitaine Haddock
Henri Labussiere – Professeur Tournesol
Yves Barsacq – Détective Dupont
Jean-Pierre Moulin – Détective Dupond

text: German[edit]

text:
Lutz Schnell – Tim
Ben Hecker – Kapitän Haddock
Manfred Steffen – Professor Bienlein
Henry Kielmann – Schulz und Schultze
Marek Harloff – Tschang Tschong-Jen
Klaus Dittmann – Rastapopoulos
Helgo Liebig – Dr. Müller
Hans Sievers – General Alcazar
Annemarie Kielmann – Bianca Castafiore

text: Dutch[edit]

text:
Michael Pas – Kuifje
Luk De Koninck – Kapitein Haddock
Bert Struys – Professor Zonnebloem
David Davidse – Jansen
Paul Codde – Janssen

text: Italian[edit]

text:
Stefano Onofri – Tintin
Giorgio Gusso – Haddock
Giorgio Lopez – Girasole
Isa Di Marzio - Bianca Castafiore

text: Spanish (Spain)[edit]

text:
Juan d'Ors – Tintín
José Ángel Juanes – Capitán Haddock
Eduardo Moreno – Professor Silvestre Tornasol
Francisco Andrés Valdivia – Hernández
Miguel Ángel Varela – Fernández
María Romero – Bianca Castafiore
Raquel Cubillo – Bianca Castafiore (when singing)
Pedro Sempson – Néstor
Ángel Amorós – General Alcázar

text: Portuguese (Brazil)[edit]

text:
Oberdan Júnior - Tintim
Isaac Bardavid - Capitão Haddock
Orlando Drummond Cardoso - Professor Trifólio Girassol
Darcy Pedrosa - Dupont
Márcio Simões, after Luiz Feier Motta (4 last episodes) - Dupond
Elza Martins, after Geisa Vidal - Bianca Castafiore

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Running order of the TV Series as per original broadcast schedule.

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
"The Crab with the Golden Claws" (Part 1)
"The Crab with the Golden Claws" (Part 2)
"The Secret of the Unicorn" (Part 1)
"The Secret of the Unicorn" (Part 2)
"Red Rackham's Treasure"
"Cigars of the Pharaoh" (Part 1)
"Cigars of the Pharaoh" (Part 2)
"The Blue Lotus" (Part 1)
"The Blue Lotus" (Part 2)
"The Black Island" (Part 1)
"The Black Island" (Part 2)
"The Calculus Affair" (Part 1)
"The Calculus Affair" (Part 2)

tag: ol

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
"The Shooting Star"
"The Broken Ear" (Part 1)
"The Broken Ear" (Part 2)
"King Ottokar's Sceptre" (Part 1)
"King Ottokar's Sceptre" (Part 2)
"Tintin in Tibet" (Part 1)
"Tintin in Tibet" (Part 2)
"Tintin and the Picaros" (Part 1)
"Tintin and the Picaros" (Part 2)
"Land of Black Gold" (Part 1)
"Land of Black Gold" (Part 2)
"Flight 714" (Part 1)
"Flight 714" (Part 2)

text: Season 3[edit]

text:
"The Red Sea Sharks" (Part 1)
"The Red Sea Sharks" (Part 2)
"The Seven Crystal Balls" (Part 1)
"The Seven Crystal Balls" (Part 2)
"Prisoners of the Sun" (Part 1)
"Prisoners of the Sun" (Part 2)
"The Castafiore Emerald" (Part 1)
"The Castafiore Emerald" (Part 2)
"Destination Moon" (Part 1)
"Destination Moon" (Part 2)
"Explorers on the Moon" (Part 1)
"Explorers on the Moon" (Part 2)
"Tintin in America"

text: Reception[edit]

text: Along with fans, critics have praised the series for being "generally faithful" to the originals, with compositions having been actually taken directly from the panels in the original comic books.[citation needed]


document_title: American Horror Story

question_text: what are all of the american horror story seasons

question_tokens: what are all of the american horror story seasons

text: American Horror Story

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Title
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
Murder House
12
October 5, 2011 (2011-10-05)
December 21, 2011 (2011-12-21)

2
Asylum
13
October 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)
January 23, 2013 (2013-01-23)

3
Coven
13
October 9, 2013 (2013-10-09)
January 29, 2014 (2014-01-29)

4
Freak Show
13
October 8, 2014 (2014-10-08)
January 21, 2015 (2015-01-21)

5
Hotel
12
October 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)
January 13, 2016 (2016-01-13)

6
Roanoke
10
September 14, 2016 (2016-09-14)
November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)

7
Cult
11
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)

text: Murder House (2011)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2011, the season follows the Harmons, consisting of psychiatrist Ben (Dylan McDermott), his wife Vivien (Connie Britton), and their teenage daughter Violet (Taissa Farmiga), as they move from Boston to Los Angeles to make a fresh start after Vivien's miscarriage led to Ben having an affair with one of his students; which almost tore their family apart. They move into a restored mansion and soon encounter the residence's housekeeper, Moira O'Hara (Frances Conroy), as well as their neighbors – the eccentric Langdon family consisting of Constance (Jessica Lange) and her daughter Adelaide (Jamie Brewer). The Harmons' lives are troubled by the meddling Langdons, the incompetent realtor Marcy (Christine Estabrook), as well as by the disfigured Larry Harvey (Denis O'Hare), a former resident of the mansion who is secretly in love with Constance, and the scorned Hayden McClaine (Kate Mara), Ben's student who follows him to Los Angeles and is pregnant from their affair. Ben and Vivien try to rekindle their relationship as Violet, suffering from depression, finds comfort with Tate (Evan Peters), the ghost of Constance's psychopathic son. The family soon discovers that the home is haunted by the ghosts of anyone who has ever died on the property, including its creators Charles (Matt Ross) and Nora Montgomery (Lily Rabe); and their deformed son Thaddeus (Ben Woolf). Flashbacks depict the mansion's previous homeowners throughout the last century, dating back to its construction in the 1920s. The season deals with infidelity, as well as other themes including depression, family, school violence, religion, and sexuality.

text: Asylum (2012–13)[edit]

text: Set in the year 1964, the season follows the patients and staff members of the church-owned Briarcliff Manor, located in Massachusetts, which was founded to treat and house the criminally insane. Kit Walker (Evan Peters), of being prolific serial killer "Bloody Face" after the disappearance of his wife Alma (Britne Olford)—though he claims she was abducted by aliens—is incarcerated at Briarcliff. This piques the interest of ambitious journalist Lana Winters (Sarah Paulson), who is yearning to find a story for her big break. At Briarcliff, Kit meets the other patients, many of whom claim to be unjustly institutionalized, including microcephaly Pepper (Naomi Grossman), who was framed for her nephew's murder; nymphomaniac Shelley (Chloe Sevigny); and the unassuming Grace Bertrand (Lizzie Brocheré) from France, who appears to be harboring a deep secret of her own. Believed to be a violent serial killer, he becomes the subject of interest of pragmatic psychiatrist Oliver Thredson (Zachary Quinto) and the sadistic Dr. Arthur Arden (James Cromwell), the latter of whom routinely conducts scientific operations on patients. The institution is run under the watchful eye of the stern Sister Jude (Jessica Lange), as well as her second-in-command, the naive Sister Mary Eunice (Lily Rabe), and the founder of the institution, Monsignor Timothy Howard (Joseph Fiennes). Briarcliff's inhabitants are routinely subject to supernatural and scientific influences, including demonic possession and extraterrestrial abduction. The season mostly deals with insanity, with other themes including female sexuality, corrupt ambition, religion versus science, racism, prejudice, death, and faith.

text: Coven (2013–14)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2013, the season follows the dwindling descendants of the witches who survived the Salem Witch Trials and their struggle to hide their identity in the modern world. Those who share this genetic affliction are being subjected to violent attacks from outside forces, such as religious townspeople and witch hunters. Zoe Benson (Taissa Farmiga), a young teenager completely unaware of the existence of witches, discovers her identity as a Salem descendent after a violent accident that causes the death of her boyfriend. She is sent to an all-girls boarding school in New Orleans which aims to protect and house young women who carry this unique bloodline, and keep them from the dangers of the outside world. There, she meets the other students, narcissistic film star Madison Montgomery (Emma Roberts), outspoken Queenie (Gabourey Sidibe), and enigmatic Nan (Jamie Brewer), and gets romantically entangled with Kyle Spencer (Evan Peters), a non-witch and good-natured college student. The school is run by headmistress Cordelia Foxx (Sarah Paulson), head of the Witches Council and eccentric fashionista Myrtle Snow (Frances Conroy), and the mute butler Spalding (Denis O'Hare). Cordelia's mother, Fiona Goode (Jessica Lange), is the Supreme and most powerful witch of her generation, though she regularly avoids her responsibilities, much to the chagrin of Cordelia and her long-time rival Myrtle. After a mob of townspeople discover and nearly kill a young witch living in the swamps named Misty Day (Lily Rabe), Fiona returns to the school to ensure the safety of the other young witches, but also to fulfill her own hidden agenda. Events reveal a long-held rivalry between the witches of Salem and the voodoo practitioners of New Orleans, as well as a historic grudge between Voodoo Queen Marie Laveau (Angela Bassett) and socialite serial killer Delphine LaLaurie (Kathy Bates). This season mostly deals with oppression, with other themes including witchcraft, voodoo, racism, prejudice, death, and the relationships between mothers and daughters.

text: Freak Show (2014–15)[edit]

text: Set in the year 1952 in the quiet town of Jupiter, Florida, the season follows a struggling freak show led by Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange). Decades have passed since the public has looked upon freak shows as a form of entertainment, but Elsa dreams of finding a home for her "monsters", as well as for her own fame and fortune. Other members of her troupe include Jimmy Darling (Evan Peters), a boy born with syndactyly who dreams of living a normal life, and his mother Ethel (Kathy Bates), a bearded lady who is Elsa's second-in-command by maintaining law and order under the tent. A strongman from Ethel's troubled past named Dell Toledo (Michael Chiklis), and his three-breasted wife Desiree Dupree (Angela Bassett), make waves when they arrive to join the freak show. To drum up business and save her troupe once and for all, Elsa also recruits conjoined twin sisters Bette and Dot Tattler (Sarah Paulson) to perform for her show. In a time when the era of television is beginning to reign high above sideshow acts, these individuals must overcome those who persecute them based on their looks. However, as events unfold, it is revealed that multiple dark entities have taken up residence in Jupiter, with all of their eyes being set on the freaks. A conman named Stanley (Denis O'Hare), posing as a Hollywood executive, arrives with his young protege Maggie Esmerelda (Emma Roberts), with the intention of murdering the freaks and sending their bodies to a museum for profit. The wealthy and spoiled Dandy Mott (Finn Wittrock), enabled by his doting mother Gloria (Frances Conroy), develops an unhealthy obsession with the freaks, particularly Bette and Dot. Perhaps most dangerous of all is a mysterious, deformed killer clown, only known as Twisty (John Carroll Lynch), who wreaks havoc among the town and appears to be targeting freaks and townspeople alike. This season mostly deals with discrimination, with other themes including prejudice, acceptance, exploitation, entertainment, television, and medical oddities.

text: Hotel (2015–16)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2015, the season follows the strange and dangerous happenings that seem to center around the retro Hotel Cortez in downtown Los Angeles, California, initially built as a secret torture chamber to fulfill the violent desires of founder James March (Evan Peters). Detective John Lowe (Wes Bentley) arrives at the hotel, based on intel from an anonymous tip, to investigate a grisly string of murders, each of which exemplify a sin in violation of one of the Ten Commandments. He has become estranged from his wife Alex (Chloe Sevigny), who suffers from depression, and his daughter Scarlett (Shree Crooks), after the disappearance of their son Holden (Lennon Henry). As the season unfolds, the Lowes discover that the disappearance of Holden may be related to the strange activities at the hotel, led by March's fashionista widow Elizabeth Johnson (Lady Gaga), also known as the Countess—who was turned into a vampire by her former lovers, actor Rudolph Valentino (Finn Wittrock) and his wife Natacha Rambova (Alexandra Daddario)—and her current lover Donovan (Matt Bomer). Throughout his investigation, John also becomes entangled with the spirits of heroin junkie named Sally (Sarah Paulson), hotel maid Hazel Evers (Mare Winningham), and James March, who is looking for a protege to continue the violent acts he started when he was alive. The hotel's tireless staff includes the surly front desk manager Iris (Kathy Bates), Donovan's mother who took the job to be close to her son, and her best friend, the transgender bartender Liz Taylor (Denis O'Hare), both of whom hesitantly cater to Elizabeth and her vampiric children. Elizabeth's relationship with Donovan becomes troubled with the arrival of male model and cocaine addict Tristan Duffy (Wittrock), New York fashion designer Will Drake (Cheyenne Jackson), and her scorned ex-lover Ramona Royale (Angela Bassett), all of whom become entangled in her violent life. This season mostly deals with addiction, with other themes including sexuality, insanity, revenge, debauchery, religion, sin, drug use, forgiveness, and death.

text: Roanoke (2016)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2016, the season follows the supernatural events that occur in a renovated farmhouse in North Carolina, which is situated on the land where the Roanoke Colony moved after their infamous disappearance. Shelby Miller (Lily Rabe), her husband Matt (André Holland), along with Matt's sister Lee Harris (Adina Porter) recount their harrowing experience living in the farmhouse a year prior in a popular documentary titled My Roanoke Nightmare, including their encounters with the ghosts of the house's previous residents, the violent ghosts of the Roanoke Colony, the cannibalistic Polk family who live nearby, and the beautiful, yet terrifying Celtic goddess, Scáthach (Lady Gaga). The documentary becomes a huge success, featuring dramatic reenactments of the Millers' story starring Audrey Tindall (Sarah Paulson) as Shelby, Dominic Banks (Cuba Gooding Jr.) as Matt, Monet Tumusiime (Angela Bassett) as Lee, Agnes Mary Winstead (Kathy Bates) as Thomasin White, leader of the ghost colony, Audrey's husband Rory Monahan (Evan Peters) as Edward Philippe Mott, the creator and first owner of the house, William van Henderson (Denis O'Hare) as Dr. Elias Cunningham, a professor who becomes entranced with the paranormal happenings of the area, and Dylan (Wes Bentley) as Ambrose White, Thomasin's son and accomplice. The success of the documentary leads to a sequel titled Return to Roanoke: Three Days In Hell, spearheaded by the producer of the original series, Sidney Aaron James (Cheyenne Jackson), who invites the Millers, as well as many of the reenactment actors, to return to the farmhouse for three days, where all their actions will be captured by hidden cameras. Although the Millers are aware of the entities that reside in the house, all three agree to return, each with their own agenda. The production eventually descends into disaster, however, as cast and crew alike are quickly targeted when the violent entities begin to surface. This season mostly deals with exploitation, with other themes including reality, fame, motherhood, family, drug abuse, publicity, revenge, the media, and television.

text: Cult (2017)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2017, the fictitious town of Brookfield Heights, Michigan, is left divided upon the wake of Donald Trump's presidential election. Local restaurant owner Ally Mayfair-Richards (Sarah Paulson) is left utterly distraught, along with her wife Ivy (Alison Pill). Despite the help of her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent Anderson (Cheyenne Jackson), Ally becomes increasingly unstable in the following weeks, her long repressed phobias begin to re-emerge, and they begin to affect her relationships with her wife as well as their son Oz (Cooper Dodson). Across town, misogynistic alt-righter Kai Anderson (Evan Peters) rejoices at the election results, enticing him to pursue political power by running for city council, led by Bebe Babbitt (Frances Conroy)—the former follower and lover of radical feminist Valerie Solanas (Lena Dunham)—with the help of his reluctant, liberal sister Winter (Billie Lourd), who was also hired by the Mayfair-Richards household as their nanny. As Ally attempts to adjust to regular life despite her growing anxiety and paranoia, she becomes terrorized by a group of masked assailants in clown attire who are only present when she is alone, leaving those around her to wonder if she was truly attacked, or if they were merely hallucinations. Kai's faithful followers include Ally's eccentric neighbors Harrison (Billy Eichner) and Meadow Wilton (Leslie Grossman), newscast reporter Beverly Hope (Adina Porter), rogue detective Jack Samuels (Colton Haynes), as well as local grocery cashier Gary K. Longstreet (Chaz Bono). With Kai's rise to power revealing sinister motives, amplifying her growing distrust of those around her, such as her neighbors, Ally starts to draw connections between her alleged clown attackers and the many strange incidents occurring in Brookfield Heights, and she begins to fear that everyone in town is out to get her. This season mostly deals with marginalization, with other themes including politics, government, conspiracies, the media, fear, power, disenfranchisement, revenge, sexism, and oppression.

text: Season 8[edit]

text: Production[edit]

text: On January 12, 2017, the series was renewed for an eighth season, set to air in 2018.[8] On January 5, 2018, series creator and executive producer Ryan Murphy announced the season would be set in the future.[9] On April 6, 2018, it was revealed that the eighth season will be set 18-months in the future, in October 2019, and will feature an Asylum and Coven tone.[10] Filming for the season begins on June 16, 2018.[10]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On October 1, 2017, it was announced that series mainstay Sarah Paulson will return for the eighth season, and will be wearing dental appliances.[11] On March 20, 2018, it was announced that Kathy Bates and Evan Peters would return, and would be leading the season with Paulson.[12] On April 4, 2018, it was announced that actress Joan Collins had joined the cast in an unspecified capacity.[13] Peters will portray a comedic hairdresser and Collins will portray his grandmother.[10] Adina Porter, Cheyenne Jackson, Billy Eichner, and Leslie Grossman were also confirmed to return.[14] On May 18, 2018, it was announced that actress Billie Lourd would return for the eighth season.[15]

text: Season 9[edit]

text: Production[edit]

text: On January 12, 2017, the series was renewed for a ninth season, set to air in 2019.[8] On January 5, 2018, Murphy announced that the ninth season would most likely be the crossover between Murder House and Coven.[9] The crossover season was first announced on October 30, 2016.[16]

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text:
What you saw in the finale was the end of the Harmon house. The second season of the show will be a brand-new home or building to haunt. Just like this year, every season of this show will have a beginning, middle and end. [The second season] won't be in L.A. It will obviously be in America, but in a completely different locale.
“
”

– Murphy on the series' anthology format[17]

tag: div

text: Creators Murphy and Falchuk began working on American Horror Story before their Fox series Glee began production. Murphy wanted to do the opposite of what he had done previously and thus began his work on the series. He stated: "I went from Nip/Tuck to Glee, so it made sense that I wanted to do something challenging and dark. And I always had loved, as Brad had, the horror genre. So it just was a natural for me."[18] Falchuk was intrigued by the idea of putting a different angle on the horror genre, stating that their main goal in creating the series was to scare viewers. "You want people to be a little bit off balance afterwards," he said.[19]

text: In February 2011, FX officially announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series from Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, with both Murphy and Falchuk writing and Murphy directing. Dante Di Loreto was announced as executive producer. Production on the series began in April 2011.[20] In July 2011, FX officially announced the project had been picked up to series.[21]

text: From the beginning, Murphy and Falchuk planned that each season of the series would tell a different story.[17] After the first season finale aired, Murphy spoke of his plans to change the cast and location for the second season.[22] He did say, however, that some actors who starred in the first season would be returning. "The people that are coming back will be playing completely different characters, creatures, monsters, etc. [The Harmons'] stories are done. People who are coming back will be playing entirely new characters," he announced.[17] In November 2012, FX chief executive, John Landgraf, described the unique format of the series stating: "[T]he notion of doing an anthological series of miniseries with a repertory cast – has proven groundbreaking, wildly successful and will prove to be trendsetting."[23]

text: At the 2013 PaleyFest, Falchuk compared the series to horror films: "It does demand a little bit of compassion at the end because you fall in love with these characters in a different way than you would in a movie," he said. "If you want to kill everybody in a movie except one person, you can kind of get away with that, but if you're looking to do a horror TV show, you have a different responsibility to the characters because the audience has a different affection for them."[24]

text: Murphy then explained the process of planning a series' season takes about a year. "We come up with story first and then we come up with the characters," he said. "It is a repertory company, so we'll move people around and sometimes there won't yet be a role for somebody. Like when we started [the second season], I really had no idea that Dylan [McDermott] would be the person to play Sarah's son, but the deeper we got, I thought, that would work great."[24]

text: In an August 2015 article for Entertainment Weekly, Murphy revealed that the show is mulling producing two seasons a year. The first being broadcast in the spring and the second in the fall. He explained, "We're doing something that we've never done before on the show where we're doing two different groups of writers rooms. Some of our writers will be bouncing around but a whole different group coming in late August. The next thing we’re crafting up is very, very different than [Hotel]. Not smaller. But just not opulent. More rogue and more dark."[25]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Connie Britton was first to be cast in the series, portraying female lead Vivien Harmon on Murder House.[26] Denis O'Hare joined second as Larry Harvey.[27] Jessica Lange soon followed as Constance, her first regular role on television.[28] Dylan McDermott joined the cast soon after Lange as the male lead Ben Harmon.[29] Taissa Farmiga and Evan Peters were the last actors to be added to the main cast, portraying Violet Harmon and Tate Langdon, respectively.[30]

text: In March 2012, Murphy revealed that the second season had been conceptualized around Jessica Lange who portrays Sister Jude, a sadistic nun who runs the asylum.[31] Evan Peters, Sarah Paulson, Lily Rabe and Zachary Quinto also return, with the latter three joining the main cast.[32] Peters portrays Kit Walker, an inmate accused of murdering his wife.[33] Paulson portrays Lana, a lesbian reporter who gets committed to the asylum because of her sexuality and intent to snoop around the sanitorium.[34] Rabe's character is Sister Mary Eunice, clumsy second-in-charge to Sister Jude.[35] Quinto portrays Dr. Thredson, a psychiatrist at the asylum.[36][37] Lizzie Brocheré stars as Grace Bertrand, a character described originally as "a fierce, ferocious, extremely sexual, and dangerous wild-child sexpot", but the role was later heavily revamped.[38][39] James Cromwell co-stars as Dr. Arthur Arden, who proclaims to be in charge of the asylum and performs dark experiments on its patients.[40][41][42] Joseph Fiennes starred as Monsignor Timothy Howard, a possible love interest for Sister Jude.[42][43][44]

text: For the third season, series executive producers and co-creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk stated that, as with the second season, "many actors" would return in different roles, beginning with Jessica Lange.[45] Evan Peters and Sarah Paulson were confirmed to return, portraying Kyle Spencer and Cordelia Foxx, respectively. Murphy added that Lange would portray a "real glamour-cat lady", later revealed to be named Fiona Goode.[46] Taissa Farmiga, Violet in the first season, starred as Zoe Benson, a character that is involved in a prominent romance during the season.[47] Lily Rabe co-starred as Misty Day.[48] Recurring cast member Frances Conroy joined as a main cast member, playing the character of Myrtle Snow.[47] Oscar-winning actress Kathy Bates was confirmed to co-star. It was first reported that she would portray "a woman who, at the start, is Lange's character's best friend, but will become her worst enemy", but this was altered.[49] Murphy stated that Bates' character will be "five times worse than [her] Misery character" and is also inspired by a "true event". She portrayed Madame Delphine LaLaurie, an immortal racist.[50] It was announced in May 2013 that Emma Roberts had been added to the cast. Roberts played Madison Montgomery, a "self-involved party girl".[51] In July 2013, season one alum Denis O'Hare also joined the cast in an unknown role,[52] later revealed as Spalding.

text: In November 2013, Ryan Murphy confirmed that Jessica Lange would be returning for a fourth season, although in a reduced capacity. It was later revealed she would be playing Freak Show owner Elsa Mars.[53] Kathy Bates returned in a main role, portraying bearded lady Ethel Darling.[54] On March 29, 2014, Murphy announced that Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Emma Roberts, Denis O'Hare, and Angela Bassett would all return for the fourth season.[55] Paulson portrayed conjoined sisters Bette and Dot Tattler; Peters portrayed "Lobster Boy" Jimmy Darling; Conroy played the well-off Gloria Mott; Bassett portrayed three-breasted hermaphrodite Desiree Dupree; and O'Hare played Stanley, a conman working with Roberts' Maggie Esmerelda. At PaleyFest 2014, it was revealed that Michael Chiklis would be joining the cast as Dell Toledo, the father of Jimmy, ex-husband of Ethel, and current husband of Desiree.[56] Finn Wittrock later joined the main cast as Gloria's spoiled son, Dandy Mott.

text: For the series' fifth cycle, singer-songwriter Lady Gaga was announced as the first and newest main cast member on February 25, 2015.[57] After a special guest appearance on the previous season, Matt Bomer joined the fifth season's cast along with series newcomer Cheyenne Jackson during PaleyFest 2015.[58] Chloë Sevigny and Wes Bentley were promoted as main cast members, after they appear as recurring special guests in Asylum and Freak Show respectively.[59] Murphy later announced the returns of Kathy Bates, Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters and Angela Bassett.[60] In June 2015, it was announced Denis O'Hare would also return for the fifth season.[61] In August 2015, Murphy announced the character roles for the cast: Gaga's Elizabeth Johnson also known as "The Countess", a fashionista vampire who owns the Hotel Cortez; Jackson's Will Drake, a desperate fashion designer; O'Hare's Liz Taylor, a transsexual bartender who works at the hotel's Blue Parrot Lounge bar; Sevigny's Alex Lowe, a pediatrician who was the wife of Bentley's John Lowe, a detective who investigates the murders inside the hotel; Bomer's Donovan, the lover to the Countess whom often had conflict with his mother and hotel manager, Bates' Iris; Bassett's Ramona Royale, a former actress who was the former lover of Elizabeth; Paulson's Sally, a drug addict who had a rivalry with Iris and forms a bond with John since his visit in the hotel.[62] Peters co-starred as serial killer James Patrick March and the original hotelier of the Hotel Cortez.

text: In February 2016, Angela Bassett confirmed she would return to join the main cast of the sixth season during an interview with Larry King.[63] Denis O'Hare announced that he will also appear in the season in a May 2016 interview.[64] In June 2016, Cheyenne Jackson, Evan Peters, Wes Bentley, and Kathy Bates announced their returns for the sixth season.[65][66][67] In August 2016, Sarah Paulson announced that she would return to the series in the sixth season and Ryan Murphy announced that Oscar winner Cuba Gooding Jr. had joined the main cast.[68][69] In September 2016, the full main cast was announced after the first episode with the inclusion of André Holland and returning series veteran Lily Rabe.[70] On Halloween 2016, Murphy announced that Paulson's Asylum character, Lana Winters would also appear in the series after the recent appearance of the actress' first role Billie Dean Howard from Murder House in the final episode of the fifth season.[71][72]

text: For the seventh season, Paulson and Peters were set to return to the series, as announced during the Winter 2017 TCA Press Tour.[73] Billie Lourd, who made her breakout appearance with Murphy in 2015, was confirmed to join the main cast in April, while Jackson was the next series regular to return in the next month.[74][75][76] In June, Alison Pill was announced to co-star in the season, portraying the partner of Paulson's character.[77]

text: For the series' eighth season, it was announced in October 2017 that series mainstay Sarah Paulson will return for the eighth season, and will be wearing dental appliances.[11] In March 2018, it was announced Kathy Bates and Evan Peters would return, and would be leading the season with Paulson.[12] In April, it was announced that actress Joan Collins had joined the cast.[13] Peters will portray a comedic hairdresser and Collins will portray his grandmother.[10] Adina Porter, Cheyenne Jackson, Billy Eichner, and Leslie Grossman were also confirmed to return.[14] Billie Lourd, who appeared in Cult, has also been confirmed to appear.

text: Filming[edit]

text: The pilot episode was shot on location in a house in Country Club Park, Los Angeles, California, which serves as the haunted house and crime scene in the series. Designed and built in 1908 by Alfred Rosenheim, the president of the American Institute of Architects' Los Angeles chapter, the Tudor or Collegiate Gothic-style single family home was previously used as a convent.[78][79] The first season was filmed on sets which are an exact replica of the house.[80] Details such as Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass windows and hammered bronze light fixtures were re-created to preserve the look of the house.[78]

text: Production and shooting for the second season began in late July 2012 for a scheduled premiere in mid October.[81] The exteriors for the second season were filmed in Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California, a rural area outside Los Angeles, although the season took place in Massachusetts.[82]

text: Principal photography for the third season began on July 23, 2013,[83] in New Orleans, Louisiana.[84][85] It was first reported that the season would film in multiple locations, but filming primarily took place in New Orleans.[86]

text: Principal photography for the fourth season began on July 15, 2014, in New Orleans, though the story takes place in Jupiter, Florida.

text: Principal photography for the fifth season began on July 14, 2015, in Los Angeles, California, where the story also takes place.[87] Murphy revealed a six-story hotel set was being built on the Fox lot. A dummy set of the hotel was built at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International, showing an Art Deco style building from the 1920s, inspired by the old Hollywood era.[88]

text: Filming for the sixth season began on July 6, 2016 at Santa Clarita, California.[89] Set constructions include a colonial settler home to speculate the disappearance of the Roanoke Colony.[90]

text: Filming for the seventh season was originally planned to begin in Orange, California on June 2017 before it was moved to May instead.[91][92]

text: Filming for the eighth season is set to begin on June 16, 2018.[10]

text: Title sequences[edit]

text: American Horror Story's title screens offer vague hints to important plot elements and events that compose each season. For Murder House, Murphy described the sequence as a mini-mystery and stated that: "By the time you see the ninth episode of this season, every image in that title sequence will be explained," establishing the purpose of the title sequence for future seasons.[93]

text: The opening title sequence was created by Kyle Cooper and his company Prologue. He also created the title sequence for the AMC series The Walking Dead and the 1995 film Seven. The theme music was composed by sound designer Cesar Davila-Irizarry and musician Charlie Clouser.[94] The cinematography was done by Juan Ruiz Anchía and the editing by Gabriel J. Diaz.

text: For the first season, the sequence is set in the Harmons' basement and includes images of postmortem young children, fetuses in jars, skulls, a christening dress, a nurse's uniform, and a figure holding a pair of bloody hedge clippers. A photo of alleged axe murderer Lizzie Borden is shown.

text: The second season's opening sequence is done by the same creative team. "We are shooting a new title sequence with the same team that did last year's," series creator Ryan Murphy said. "The song may stay... not sure."[95] The music was kept, and the new title sequence was set around the Asylum, using shots of inmates raving and surgeons operating on patients with bandages obscuring their faces. Elements include a young girl walking backwards on her hands and feet up a staircase and a shot of the Virgin Mary's smile changing from one of benevolence to one of spite.

text: The third season's opening sequence keeps the same music, and this sequence is the first one to be filmed primarily outside and not in an enclosed location. Shots include figures wearing black robes and capirotes, a bony-skeleton creature with wings and shots of dead goats, the Minotaur from the season also appears. For the first time, there are actual backgrounds that appear with the actor names instead of an all-black background, some of these images include witches hanging and Santa Muerte. Other elements include a black man with piercing eyes and a disturbing smile as well as voodoo dolls. The final shot continues after the figures in black capirotes seize one of their own who is later seen burning at a stake where young, dress-clad witches dance around.

text: The fourth season's opening sequence changed things up, the series theme music remains intact albeit with an added carnival-like soundscape. The sequence is composed of both CGI and stop-motion animation and features strange characters such as a skeleton chimera of a human being and an elephant riding a bicycle, a skeleton of what appears to be a single head but two bodies, a devil-like man, a boy in a wheel chair with deformed legs, a character with severe syndactyly of the hands and feet, a clown who can twist his head around, a woman with a third leg where her genitalia should be, and a demonic cymbal-banging monkey toy. There are also shots of side show attractions like the Human Blockhead, knife throwing and sword swallowing. The main recurring element features a balloon twister popping balloons with a knife.

text: The fifth season's opening sequence also was very different from previous seasons', taking a more biblical approach. The font, while remaining the same as the first four seasons, glow in red against a hotel wallpaper. The Ten Commandments are also shown throughout the video. The intro returns to live-action like the first three seasons. Visuals include many people scrubbing blood all over the walls and the floor, strange things shown through peepholes, people being victims to the hotel, little kids running around the hotel, as well as many different creatures.[96]

text: The sixth season featured no title sequence or opening credits, instead opting for a simple title card (from the first season) which read "American Horror Story", while the series theme music plays over the end credits. At the end of the finale's credits, the title of the season "American Horror Story: Roanoke" was revealed.

text: In the deveploment of the seventh season, Ryan Murphy confirmed that the opening sequence will return. The seventh season's opening sequence features the series theme music played by a marching band. The sequence is live-action. Visuals include: a gang of clowns rises from a casket, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton masks, a George Washington statue, a dead dog killed by toxic gas, a Merry Go Round, bloody hands that cannot be washed, beehive, toxic smoke released from a grenade, holes in several forms, bloody US flag with sound of a xylophone playing The Star-Spangled Banner, blood covered couple having sex and a handcuffed pinky promise. Clowns also appear throughout the sequence.

text: The title sequence for all seasons of the show use a variation of the Willow typeface that very closely resembles a style for which Scottish designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh was known.[97]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: As part of the promotion for the series, FX launched a "House Call" campaign, in which viewers at home could sign up and come face-to-face with a character from the series.[98] Prior to the series premiere, FX released several clues to shine light on the series. They were offered on the show's official YouTube channel. Ten clues were released.[99] In September 2011, FX launched a website which allows visitors to tour the Murder House throughout the decades and look for clues.[100]

text: In August 2012, the first promo for the second season was released on the American Horror Story Facebook page entitled "Special Delivery", in which a nun carries a couple of buckets filled with body parts through a field. As a church bell rings, the nun empties one bucket's bloody contents, leaving the empty bucket behind, and resumes her trek.[101] Over 20 subsequent teasers were released.[102] Four photos were also released on EW.com.[103] Two televised teasers, titled "Meet the Residents", were released on August 31, 2012. They feature the patients and some staff (such as Dr. Thredson, played by Zachary Quinto, and Sister Mary Eunice, played by Lily Rabe) lying in twin beds and dealing with their individual issues as the heads of the asylum (Jessica Lange, Joseph Fiennes and James Cromwell) look on. The song "Que Sera, Sera", mixed with the show's theme music, plays.[104] To promote Cult, a competition was set up where fans who donated to the Children's Hospital Los Angeles could get a chance to get a walk-on role in an episode, and lunch with Evan Peters.[105]

text: Universal's Halloween Horror Nights[edit]

text: On August 16, 2016, FX announced a deal had been struck to feature an American Horror Story exhibit at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Orlando for their Halloween Horror Nights. The maze will feature sets and themes from Murder House, Freak Show, and Hotel. Universal said of the experience, "Twisted scenes from Murder House will unleash the evil spirits that possess the Harmon estate, spiraling guests through decades of the tortured dead who previously resided there. In Freak Show, guests will join a troupe of biological misfits in a sinister sideshow where they'll be stalked by the murderous and deformed Twisty the Clown. Finally, guests will succumb to the warped desires of The Countess after checking into the haunted Hotel Cortez, conceived from the beginning as a torture chamber for its customers."[106]

text: In 2017, the show returned as haunted attractions to both parks, with Universal Orlando having an attraction based on Asylum, Coven, and Roanoke, and Universal Studios Hollywood basing their attraction solely on Roanoke.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered on October 5, 2011, and is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States. In November 2011, it premiered internationally on the respective countries' Fox Networks Group. The first season premiered on October 5, 2011, and concluded on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The latter three seasons premiered on the same day and same time with the American broadcasts on FX in Canada, though the first season followed a slightly different schedule as that network launched on October 31, 2011. The series is aired in India on STAR World Premiere HD shortly after its U.S. airing. Along with it, it airs on FX India on standard definition and Fox in UK and Ireland in October 2011.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

Murder House
74% (38 reviews)
62 (30 reviews)

Asylum
84% (43 reviews)
65 (23 reviews)

Coven
84% (34 reviews)
71 (24 reviews)

Freak Show
79% (33 reviews)
69 (19 reviews)

Hotel
64% (44 reviews)
60 (24 reviews)

Roanoke
78% (13 reviews)
72 (9 reviews)

Cult
72% (42 reviews)
66 (24 reviews)

Average
76%
67

text: The first season of American Horror Story: Murder House received generally positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 74% of 38 critics gave the first season a positive review. The site's consensus stated: "Convoluted yet effective, American Horror Story is strange, gory, and twisted enough to keep viewers hooked."[107] The first season scored 62 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews.[108] Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly awarded the pilot episode a B+, stating: "AHS is pretty much all scare, all the time: a whole lotta screams, sex, jolts, mashed faces, psychotic behavior, and dead babies."[109] Hank Stuever from The Washington Post said in his review that: "Overdoing things is one of Murphy's trademark flaws, but this show has a captivating style and giddy gross-outs."[110] Not all reviews were favorable: Alan Sepinwall of HitFix gave the series a D−, saying: "It is so far over the top that the top is a microscopic speck in its rearview mirror, and so full of strange sounds, sights and characters that you likely won't forget it – even though many of you will wish you could."[111] Sepinwall would later go on to call it one of the worst TV shows of 2011.[112] The Los Angeles Times' Mary McNamara gave it a mixed review, stating that it "collapses into camp... upon more than one occasion" but also noting that it is "hard to look away."[113]

text: The second season, American Horror Story: Asylum, received mostly positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 84% of 43 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "American Horror Story: Asylum crosses boundaries to shock and scare with sexy subplots and some innovative takes on current social issues."[114] It scored 65 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 23 reviews.[115] James Poniewozik from Time stated: "AHS: Asylum feels like a more focused, if equally frenetic, screamfest. It's also gorgeously realized, with a vision of its '60s institution setting so detailed you can smell the stale air and incense."[116] Maureen Ryan of The Huffington Post said: "It's to the credit of Asylum's writers, directors and cast that the emotional pain of the characters often feels as real as their uncertainty and terror."[117] Verne Gay from Newsday gave the season a C grade, stating it "has some good special effects, just not much of a story to hang them on."[118] Linda Stasi of the New York Post thought the season was "over the top," adding: "I need to enter [an asylum] myself after two hours of this craziness."[119]

text: The third season, American Horror Story: Coven, received positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 84% of 34 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus reads: "A noteworthy ensemble cast combined with creepy storytelling and campy, outrageous thrills make American Horror Story: Coven a potently structured fright-fest."[120] It scored 71 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 24 reviews, the highest score for the show to that point. Not all reviews were positive, however, with criticism focused mainly in regards to the progression of both the story and certain character arcs in the second half of the season. The A.V. Club gave this season the low rating of a D+, with critic Todd Van DerWerff remarking: "It lurched drunkenly from idea to idea, never settling on one long enough to build anything of worth."[121]

text: The fourth season, American Horror Story: Freak Show, received mostly positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 79% of 32 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "Though it may turn off new viewers unaccustomed to its unabashed weirdness, Freak Show still brings the thrills, thanks to its reliably stylish presentation and game cast."[122] It scored 69 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 19 "generally favorable" reviews.[123]

text: The fifth season, American Horror Story: Hotel, received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 63% of 43 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "Favoring garish style over effective storytelling, the fifth American Horror Story strands a talented cast at Ryan Murphy's Hotel." Audience reception on the same website was also mixed, with 57% of viewers giving the show a favorable review.[124] Hotel scored a 60 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 24 "mixed or average" reviews.[125]

text: The sixth season, American Horror Story: Roanoke, received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 78% of 13 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "American Horror Story: My Roanoke Nightmare takes a surprising turn away from prior AHS formats, revisiting the deliberate pace of earlier seasons on a spookier, smaller scale, even if the true-crime format feels overdone."[126] It scored a 72 on Metacritic based on six reviews.[127]

text: The seventh season, American Horror Story: Cult, received generally positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 72% of 42 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "American Horror Story: Cult intrigues with timely, over-the-top creepiness – and lots of clowns – despite being hampered by broad political generalizations and occasional holes in the narrative's logic." It scored a 66 on Metacritic based on 24 "generally favorable" reviews.

text: Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk have been credited[by whom?] with creating a successful tv series that increases both the LGBT creators in the industry, but also story lines. Harriet Earle has stated that they utilize "the formal structure of the serialized anthology, but it does so to present serial narratives made by and about “queers,” openly subverting gender and sexual norms that define the majority of television".[128] Upon its origin, the show had positive critical response from its graphic images of sex and violence.[129] Ryan Murphy, who identifies as gay, has stated in interviews that “I would stand in church with my arms spread for an hour, doing penance for my sins. The nuns told my parents there was something wrong with me.”[130] Using his own experience of heteronormative fixations, and knowing that what we truly fear are things that show otherness from ourselves, he creates complicated stories that showcase alternative gender and sexual norms that celebrate people who differ from what is normalized using horror tropes.[128] While the show has received negative criticism for its representation of fetishes and sexuality, with Mike Hale writing that "The show has always been all on the surface -- paper-thin in terms of ideas and drama but drenched in creepy atmosphere and peekaboo depravity",[131] others have praised the show as embracing of non-normative sexuality and representation of LGBT characters.[citation needed]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The pilot episode of American Horror Story was watched by 3.2 million viewers and averaged a 1.6 rating in the 18–49 years adult demographic, the most sought after by advertisers.[132] These were the best numbers FX had ever received for a series premiere.[133] The episode was seen by 3.2 million total viewers in 59 countries.[134] Ratings increased as the season progressed, with the season finale being watched by 3.22 million viewers and receiving a 1.7 ratings share in the 18–49 years adult demographic.[135] The series premiere aired in November 2011 across Europe and Latin America on Fox International Channels, and ranked as first or second most watched telecast in its timeslot among all paid television in most metered markets.[134] "Numbers so strong, it’s scary. American Horror Story has brought droves of new viewers to a killer global lineup," said Hernan Lopez, the president of Fox International Channels.[134]

text: The second season's premiere gained a 2.2 18–49 ratings share and gathered 3.85 million viewers,[136] marking the highest numbers for the series.[137] By the season's sixth episode, the numbers dropped to a series-low 0.9 18–49 ratings share and 1.89 million viewers;[138] however, they rebounded to above two million viewers for the subsequent episodes,[139][140] and reached 2.29 million viewers for the season's finale.[141] The premiere of the fifth season of the series became the second most-watched telecast in the network's history, only behind the premiere episode of the previous season, which was watched by 6.13 million viewers.[142] The show was subsequently renewed for another season; John Landgraf, the CEO of the network, commented on the show's success by saying that American Horror Story, the network's highest rated series, "has unquestionably joined the ranks of television's landmark series."[143] In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that "unlike a lot of shows about the supernatural", American Horror Story was "more popular in cities, but also throughout parts of the Southwest".[144]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Wednesday 10:00 p.m.
12
October 5, 2011
3.18
December 21, 2011
3.22
2011–12
2.82

2
13
October 17, 2012
3.85
January 23, 2013
2.29
2012–13
2.53

3
13
October 9, 2013
5.54
January 29, 2014
4.24
2013–14
4.00

4
13
October 8, 2014
6.13
January 21, 2015
3.27
2014–15
3.85

5
12
October 7, 2015
5.81
January 13, 2016
2.24
2015–16
2.89

6
10
September 14, 2016
5.14
November 16, 2016
2.45
2016–17
2.93

7
Tuesday 10:00 p.m.
11
September 5, 2017
3.93
November 14, 2017
1.97
2017–18
2.22

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13

Murder House
3.18
2.46
2.59
2.96
2.74
2.83
3.06
2.81
2.85
2.54
2.59
3.22
N/A

Asylum
3.85
3.06
2.47
2.65
2.78
1.89
2.27
2.36
2.22
2.21
2.51
2.30
2.29

Coven
5.54
4.51
3.78
3.71
3.80
4.16
4.00
4.07
3.94
3.49
3.46
3.35
4.24

Freak Show
6.13
4.53
4.44
4.51
4.22
3.65
3.91
3.30
3.07
2.99
3.11
2.94
3.27

Hotel
5.81
4.06
3.20
3.04
2.87
2.64
2.64
2.31
2.14
1.85
1.84
2.24
N/A

Roanoke
5.14
3.27
3.08
2.83
2.82
2.48
2.62
2.20
2.43
2.45
N/A

Cult
3.93
2.38
2.25
2.13
2.20
2.15
2.07
2.06
1.48
1.82
1.97
N/A

text: Accolades[edit]

text: American Horror Story has won 59 of its 230 award nominations. The franchise has garnered 28 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, with Jessica Lange winning for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie and for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie, James Cromwell winning for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, and Kathy Bates winning for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. It received an additional 50 Creative Arts Emmy Award nominations, winning eleven times, including Outstanding Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Movie, Outstanding Costumes for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special, Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special, and Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Limited Series, Movie or a Special.[150] It has received nine Golden Globe Award nominations, with Lange winning for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film,[151] and Lady Gaga winning for Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film.[152] The series has also received three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, with Lange winning for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series.[153] Additional accolades include eighteen Critics' Choice Television Awards nominations, with four wins,[154] the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Miniseries,[155] four Costume Designers Guild Awards nominations, winning three times,[156] eight wins out of ten nominations at the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild,[157] five People's Choice Awards nominations, winning once,[158] and eleven Satellite Awards nomination, with three wins.[159]