document_title: Police rank

question_text: lieutenant in army is equivalent to which rank in police

question_tokens: lieutenant in army is equivalent to which rank in police

text: Police rank

text: Australia[edit]

text: Generally, all police forces of Australia follow this rank structure with some individual state police forces have ranks differing slightly.

text: Insignia of rank displayed on epaulette in italics and brackets

text: For an overview of all distinct state and federal rank structures,

text:
Commissioner (two crossed and wreathed batons below a crown)
Deputy Commissioner (two crossed and wreathed batons below a pip)
Assistant Commissioner (two crossed batons)
Commander (three pips in a triangular pattern below a crown)
Chief Superintendent (two pips below a crown)
Superintendent (one pip below a crown)
Inspector (three pips)
Senior Non-Commissioned Ranks
Senior Sergeant (three chevrons, crown and surmounted by a laurel wreath)
Sergeant (three chevrons)
Non-Commissioned Ranks
Senior Constable (two chevrons)
Constable (plain epaulette)
Probationary Constable (plain epaulette)
Each state has its own distinct rank structure
Australian Capital Territory
Australian Federal Police
New South Wales
Northern Territory
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia

text: Belgium[edit]

text:
Highest commissioned rank
Hoofdcommissaris / commissaire divisionnaire (Chief Commissioner)
Commissioned rank
Commissaris / Commissaire (Commissioner)
Senior non commissioned rank
Hoofdinspecteur / Inspecteur principal (Chief Inspector/Superintendent)
Non commissioned rank
Inspecteur / Inspecteur (Inspector, equivalent to Constable or Officer)
Auxiliary rank
Agent van Politie / Agent de Police (Auxiliary Officer)

text: Bolivia[edit]

text:
Policia Egresado - Graduate Policeman
Cabo - Corporal
Sargento Segundo - Sergeant
Sargento Primero - Staff sergeant
Suboficial Segundo - Zone Sergeant
Suboficial primero - Technical Sergeant
Suboficial mayor - Station Sergeant
Suboficial Supervisor - Sergeant Major
Subteniente - Second Lieutenant
Teniente - Lieutenant
Capitan - Captain
Mayor - Major
Teniente Coronel - Lieutenant Colonel
Coronel - Colonel
General Director - Brigadier
General Superior - Major General of Police
General Supervisor - Lieutenant General of Police
General Comandante - Director General of Police

text: Brazil[edit]

text: Brazil has several different police forces, each with its own ranks. At a federal level, there are the Federal Police (Portuguese: Polícia Federal, the equivalent to the FBI), the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Federal) and the Federal Railway Police (Polícia Ferroviária Federal). At a state level, there are the Military Police (Polícia Militar, a gendarmerie type force not to be confused with the military police of other countries, the Brazilian equivalent of which is the Army Police) and the Civil Police (Polícia Civil). At a city level, there is the Municipal Guard (Guarda Municipal). In terms of staff, the Military Police and the Civil Police are the most important ones, although in terms of headlines and prestige, the Federal Police is the one that concentrates most of the media attention.[1]

text: The Civil Police is responsible for investigating crimes whilst the Military Police is responsible for preventing them to take place, although it is not rare to see their functions clashing and ever so often they actually have open confronts.

text: The Civil Police is organized accordingly to functions. Scrivener (escrivão) is the lower rank position responsible for the internal work inside the police premises (e.g., collecting witness statements). Detective (detetive) or investigator (investigador) is the position responsible for actions outside the premises (e.g., investigating the circumstances of a crime). Delegate (delegado, similar to captain in USA) is the senior official (required to have a law degree) responsible for the lower ranks and for coordinating the whole work (investigations) of the Civil Police. The Civil Police also have the assistance of experts (peritos), which are the technical body. The Federal Police follows a very similar structure to the Civil Police, the same case in the Federal Highway and Railway polices.

text: The ranks listed below are valid for the state military police agencies (such as PMMG, PMESP, PMERJ and others) and are listed, respectively, from higher to lower ranks:

text:
coronel (colonel)
tenente-coronel (lieutenant-colonel)
major (major)
capitão (captain)
1º tenente (1st lieutenant)
2º tenente (2nd lieutenant)
aspirante-a-oficial (cadet, student rank)
subtenente (under-lieutenant)
1º sargento (1st sergeant)
2º sargento (2nd sergeant)
3º sargento (3rd sergeant)
cabo (corporal)
soldado de 1ª classe (Private 1st Class)
soldado de 2ª classe (Private 2nd Class, student rank)

text:
NATO code
OF-10
OF-9
OF-8
OF-7
OF-6
OF-5
OF-4
OF-3
OF-2
OF-1
OF(D)
Student officer

 Brazil(Military Police)(Edit)

No equivalent

Coronel

Tenente-coronel

Major

Capitão

Primeiro tenente

Segundo tenente

Aspirante

tag: table

text:
NATO Code
OR-9
OR-8
OR-7
OR-6
OR-5
OR-4
OR-3
OR-2
OR-1

 Brazil(Military Police) (Edit)

No equivalent

No equivalent

Subtenente

Primeiro-Sargento

Segundo-Sargento

Terceiro-Sargento

Cabo

Soldado

text: The 2nd class soldier and the cadet are considered to be students in the formation courses and have no street policing duties (except in a very few cases, as probationary tours). Despite closely resembling the rank structure within the Brazilian army, there are no rank of general in the military police forces, as the Military Police is slotted under the Army control in case of war, with its colonels slotting under the Army generals.

text: Canada[edit]

text: Ranks of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police[2]:

text:
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Commissioner

Deputy Commissioner

Assistant Commissioner

Chief Superintendent

Superintendent

Inspector

'

Sous-commissaire

Commissaire adjoint

Surintendant principal

Surintendant

Inspecteur

1

7

26

58

179

348

text:
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Corps Sergeant Major

Sergeant Major

Staff Sergeant Major

Staff Sergeant

Sergeant

Corporal

Constable

Sergent-major du corps

Sergent-major

Sergent-major d'état major

Sergent d'état-major

Sergent

Caporal

Gendarme

1

1

13

812

1,923

3,377

11,491

No Insignia

text: Police Ranks for Provincial (With the exception of the Sûreté du Québec and Alberta Sheriffs) and the majority of Municipal Police Services as follows[3][4][5]:

text:
Chief of Police / Commissioner / Chief Constable
Deputy Chief of Police / Deputy Chief Constable
Staff Superintendent
Superintendent
Staff Inspector
Inspector
Sergeant Major
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant / Detective
Police Constable 1st Class / Detective Constable
Police Constable 2nd Class
Police Constable 3rd Class
Police Constable 4th Class
Cadet

text: Police Ranks for the Alberta Sheriffs[6]:

text:
RANKS

Chief Sheriff

Deputy Chief

Superintendent

Inspector

Branch Sergeant Major

Sergeant

Sheriff III FTO

Sheriff III

Sheriff II

Sheriff I

INSIGNIA

No Insignia

No Insignia

text: Ranks of the Sûreté du Québec[7]:

text:
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Director Generalof the SQ(Directeur general)

Directeur adjoint

Inspecteur chef

Inspecteur

Capitaine

Lieutenant

text:
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Sergeant

Chef d'Equip

Agent

No Insignia

text: Ranks and insignia of the Kativik Regional Police Force are similar to those of Sûreté du Québec.

text: Ranks of the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal[8]:

text:
Director (Directeur)
Associate Director (Directeur-Adjoint)
Assistant Director (Assistant-Directeur)
Chief Inspector (Inspecteur Chef)
Inspector (Inspecteur)
Commander (Commandant de Quartier)
Lieutenant / Detective Lieutenant (Lieutenant/Lieutenant Détective)
Quarter Sergeant (Sergent de Quartier)
Sergeant / Detective Sergeant (Sergent/Sergent Détective)
Senior Constable (Agent Sénior)
Constable (Agent)

text: Canadian Auxiliary Police Ranks as follows:

text:
Auxiliary Staff Superintendent
Auxiliary Superintendent
Auxiliary Staff Inspector
Auxiliary Inspector
Auxiliary Sergeant Major
Auxiliary Staff Sergeant
Auxiliary Sergeant
Auxiliary Constable

text: Chile[edit]

text: These are the ranks used by Chilean police services.

text: Investigations Police of Chile (PDI)[edit]

text: Officers

text:
Director General
Prefecto General
Prefecto Inspector
Prefecto
Subprefecto
Comisario
Subcomisario
Inspector
Subinspector
Detective
Aspirante

text: Carabineros de Chile[edit]

text: Officers

text:
Ranks
General officers
Senior officers
Head officers
Junior officers

Uniform coatGeneral officers' cape

Operational shirt

Ranks
General Director
General Inspector
General
Coronel
Teniente Coronel
Mayor
Capitán
Teniente
Subteniente

Abbreviation
GNRL DIR
GNRL INS
GNRL
CRNL
TTE CRNL
MAY
CAP
TTE
SUB TTE

text: Non-commissioned officers and enlisted

text:
Ranks
Warrant Officers
NCOs
Enlisted

ShirtCapeCarabinero shirt

Operational shirt

Ranks
Suboficial Mayor
Suboficial
Sargento 1º
Sargento 2°
Cabo 1º
Cabo 2°
Carabinero

Abbreviation
(SOM)
(SuboF)
(SG1)
(SG2)
(CBO1)
(CBO2)
(Carab)

text: China[edit]

text: Chinese Police Officers under the Ministry of Public Security use rank insignia on both side of shoulders in the duty uniform. Senior officers ranking at Commissioner and Superintendent levels wear these on the white collar uniform, and for Inspector level and below officers wear them on the sky blue collar uniform.

text: Senior Officers[edit]

text:
Police Commissioner (Chinese: 总警监; pinyin: zǒng jǐngjiān): Shoulder insignia: national coat of arms fully circled with a pair of olive branch.
Deputy Police Commissioner (Chinese: 副总警监; pinyin: fù zǒng jǐngjiān): Deputy Minister of Public Security, shoulder insignia: national coat of arms partly circled with a pair of olive branch.
Superintendent 1st Class (Chinese: 一级警监; pinyin: yījí jǐngjiān): Assistant Commissioner of Police is also wearing this rank, SUPT 1st class normally commands a functional bureau (e.g. CID, Immigration, Traffic, Anti-Smuggling) or a province formation, direct report to DCP. Shoulder insignia: three pips with olive leaves.
Superintendent 2nd Class (Chinese: 二级警监; pinyin: èrjí jǐngjiān): Normally is second in charge of a functional bureau, or a province formation, or a city police headquarters commander. Shoulder insignia: two pips with olive leaves.
Superintendent 3rd Class (Chinese: 三级警监; pinyin: sānjí jǐngjiān): Normally commands police division of a functional bureau, or the head of a police sub-bureau of a city. Shoulder insignia: one pip with olive leaves.
Inspector 1st Class (Chinese: 一级警督; pinyin: yījí jǐngdū): Shoulder insignia: three pips with two silver bars.
Inspector 2nd Class (Chinese: 二级警督; pinyin: èrjí jǐngdū): Shoulder insignia: two pips with two silver bars.
Inspector 3rd Class (Chinese: 三级警督; pinyin: sānjí jǐngdū): Shoulder insignia: one pip with two silver bars.

text: Administrative positions do not exactly tally with ranks among Inspector level and junior officers, admin positions (from PC to Station Commander or even Deputy Chief of a sub-Bureau), are various and flexible, it depends on each individual's qualifications and multiple skills, performance efficiency and effectiveness, years of service, personality and communication ability, potential leadership. Loyal and qualified officers with no misconduct record, are eligible to get rank promotion every four years (only applicable from Sgt 1st class to Insp 1st class). For example, a normal PC holding a non-commissioned position during his/her entire police career, with the increasing years of service, the highest rank he/she may attain is either Insp 3rd class (for high school and below qualification holders), or Insp 1st class (for university graduated certificate holders). Alternatively, young officers who are holding university degree(regardless of disciplines and majors), usually after three years of service, once his/her overall performance and ability meet operation needs, recommended by his/her team leader or a higher commanding officer, may have chance to get promoted (as sub-unit commander, detective supervisor...).

text: Officers at this mid-rank level play very important roles as the "Cornerstone" of the national police force. As most of them have already served quite long years, with accumulated work experiences, no matter standing at commanding or non-commanding position, they are either undertaking major responsibilities in public security or nurturing young officers with self model behaviours and proper instructions.

text: Junior Officers[edit]

text:
Sergeant 1st Class (Chinese: 一级警司; pinyin: yījí jǐngsī): Highest admin position at this rank can be Station Commander, or Operations Squad Leader and sub-Unit Commander/Section Head at a police bureau or sub-bureau, normally in charge of a detective case or a common police raid operation. Shoulder insignia: three pips with one silver bar.
Sergeant 2nd Class (Chinese: 二级警司; pinyin: èrjí jǐngsī): University degree holder's entry ranking level is Sgt 2 class. Other than basic duties, also attend and assist sub-unit commander/section head in handling all kinds of cases. Sometimes is second in charge or Acting Commander during a case or operation. Shoulder insignia: two pips with one silver bar.
Sergeant 3rd Class (Chinese: 三级警司; pinyin: sānjí jǐngsī): Other than basic duties, also attend and assist sub-unit commander/section head in handling all kinds of cases. Shoulder insignia: one pip with one silver bar.
Constable 1st Class (Chinese: 一级警员; pinyin: yījí jǐngyuán): Perform road patrol and vehicle command duties. Shoulder insignia: two pips.
Constable 2nd Class (Chinese: 二级警员; pinyin: èrjí jǐngyuán): Perform road patrol and vehicle command duties. Shoulder insignia: one pip.

text:
Loyal and qualified officers with no misconduct record, are eligible to attain rank promotion at every three-year of service (only applicable from PC 2nd class to Sgt 1st class).
Rank does not have any connection with position, it can only shows how many years you have been work for police unit.

text:
Probationary Constable (Chinese: 见习警员; pinyin: jiànxí jǐngyuán): Might be attaching to any of police stations or sub-units to familiar with the real police operations. The probationary period normally is one year. Shoulder insignia: two chevrons.
Recruit (Chinese: 学警; pinyin: xuéjǐng): Students at the police training school. Shoulder insignia: one chevron.

text: People's Armed Police[edit]

text: The People's Armed Police, as part of the People's Liberation Army, uses the same ranks and uniform as the PLA itself, save for the China Coast Guard which uses navy-style ranks and uniform plus the China Maritime Safety Administration.

text: Officers[edit]

text:
EquivalentNATO code
OF-10
OF-9
OF-8
OF-7
OF-6
OF-5
OF-4
OF-3
OF-2
OF-1
OF(D) and student officer

 People's Republic of China

No equivalent

General上将

Lieutenant General中将

Major General少将

Colonel Commandant大校

Colonel上校

Lieutenant Colonel中校

Major少校

Captain上尉

First Lieutenant中尉

Second Lieutenant少尉

Officer Cadet学员

text: Non-commissioned Officers & Enlisted[edit]

text:
EquivalentNATO Code
OR-9
OR-8
OR-7
OR-6
OR-5
OR-4
OR-3
OR-2
OR-1

 People's Republic of China

Chief Sergeant 1st Class(一级军士长)

Chief Sergeant 2nd Class(二级军士长)

Chief Sergeant 3rd Class(三级军士长)

Chief Sergeant 4th Class(四级军士长)

Sergeant(上士)

Corporal(中士)

Lance Corporal(下士)

Private 1st Class(上等兵)

Private(列兵)

text: Croatia[edit]

text: Regular Police ranks[edit]

text:
Police Director (Ravnatelj policije)
Deputy Police Director (Zamjenik ravnatelja policije)
Major Police advisor (Glavni policijski savjetnik)
Police advisor (Policijski savjetnik)
Major Police inspector (Glavni policijski inspektor)
Independent Police inspector (Samostalni policijski inspektor)
Upper Police inspector (Viši policijski inspektor)
Police inspector (Policijski inspektor)
Independent Police sergeant (Samostalni policijski narednik)
Upper Police sergeant (Viši policijski narednik)
Police sergeant (Policijski narednik)
Independent Police officer (Samostalni policajac)
Upper Police officer (Viši policajac)
Police officer (Policajac)
Probationer with college (Vježbenik više i visoke stručne spreme)
Probationer with secondary school (Vježbenik Srednje Stručne Spreme)

text: Special Intervention Police ranks[edit]

text:
Commander of intervention Police (Zapovjednik interventne policije)
Deputy of commander of intervention Police (Pomoćnik zapovjednika interventne policije)
Instructor in headquarters of intervention Police (Instruktor u zapovjedništvu interventne policije)
Commander of intervention Police unit (Zapovjednik jedinice interventne policije)
Deputy of commander of intervention Police unit (Zamjenik zapovjednika jedinice interventne policije)
Commander of troop in intervention Police (Zapovjednik satnije)
Deputy of commander of troop in intervention Police (Pomoćnik zapovjednika satnije)
Commander of platoon in intervention Police - instructor (Zapovjednik voda- instruktor)
Commander of section in intervention Police(Zapovjednik odjeljenja)
Leader of intervention group (Vođa interventne grupe)
Police officer in intervention group (Interventni policajac)

text: Cyprus[edit]

text:
Title

Title in Greek

Chief of Police

Αρχηγός

Deputy Chief of Police

Υπαρχηγός

Assistant Chief of Police

Βοηθός Αρχηγός

Chief Superintendent

Ανώτερος Αστυνόμος

Superintendent A'

Αστυνόμος Α'

Superintendent B'

Αστυνόμος Β'

Chief Inspector

Ανώτερος Υπαστυνόμος

Inspector

Υπαστυνόμος

Senior Sergeant

Αρχιλοχίας

Sergeant

Λοχίας

Acting SergeantSenior Constable

Αναπληρωτής ΛοχίαςΑρχιαστυφύλακας

Acting Sergeant

Αναπληρωτής Λοχίας

Senior Constable

Αρχιαστυφύλακας

Constable

Αστυφύλακας

Special Constable

Ειδικός Αστυφύλακας

text: Denmark[edit]

text:
Danish National Police Rank Insignia

 Denmark (Edit)

Insignia

Rank

Rigspolitichefen

Politidirektør, Vicepolitidirektør, Vicerigspolitichef or Politimester

Chefpolitiinspektør or Chefanklager

Vicepolitimester, Chefanklager, Politiinspektør or Chefpolitiinspektør

Vicepolitiinspektør

Politikommissær

Politiassistent af 1. grad

Politiassistent af 2. grad

Politibetjent

EN Rank

National Police Commissioner

Chief of Police,

Chief Inspector, Chief Prosecutor

Deputy Chief of Police, Chief Inspector, Inspector

Deputy Inspector

Commissioner

Police Constable First Class

Police Constable

Police officer

text: Estonia[edit]

text:
General of Police (Politseikindral)
Inspector-General of Police (Politseikindralinspektor)
Colonel (Politseikolonel)
Lieutenant Colonel (Politseikolonelleitnant)
Major (Politseimajor)
Captain (Politseikapten)
Lieutenant (Politseileitnant)
Senior Superintendent (Vanemkomissar)
Superintendent (Komissar)
Head Constable, Chief Inspector (Ülemkonstaabel, üleminspektor)
Senior Constable, Senior Inspector (Vanemkonstaabel, vaneminspektor)
Constable, Inspector (Konstaabel, inspektor)
Basic Constable, Sub-inspector (Nooremkonstaabel, nooreminspektor)

text: Finland[edit]

text:
National Police Commissioner (poliisiylijohtaja)
Deputy National Police Commissioner (poliisijohtaja)
Chief Superintendent (poliisitarkastaja)
Police chief (poliisipäällikkö)
Deputy Police Chief (apulaispoliisipäällikkö)
Superintendent (ylikomisario)
Chief Inspector (komisario)
Sergeant (ylikonstaapeli)
Senior Constable (vanhempi konstaapeli)
Constable (nuorempi konstaapeli)

text: France[edit]

text: Police Nationale[edit]

text: Corps de Conception et de Direction[edit]

text:
Director General of the National Police (Directeur général de la police nationale)
Director of Active Services (Directeur des services actifs)
Inspector General (Inspecteur général or Directeur)
Superintendent General (Contrôleur général)
General Commissioner (Commissaire général)
Divisional Commissioner (Commissaire divisionnaire)
Principal Commissioner (Commissaire principal)
Commissioner (Commissaire de police)

text: Corps de Commandement[edit]

text:
Police Divisional Major (Commandant Divisionnaire)
Police Major (Commandant de Police)
Police Captain (Capitaine de Police)
Police Lieutenant (Lieutenant de Police)
Intern Police Lieutenant (Lieutenant de Police stagiaire)
Student Police Lieutenant (élève Lieutenant de Police)

text: Corps d'Encadrement et d'Application[edit]

text:
Police (Sergeant) Major (Major de police)
Police Chief Brigadier (Brigadier-chef de police)
Police Brigadier Brigadier de police
Peace Guard (Gardien de la Paix)
Intern Peace Guard (Gardien de la Paix stagiaire)
Student Peace Guard (élève Gardien de la Paix)

text: Gendarmerie[edit]

text: Officiers (Officers)

text:
Grade (Rank)

Insignia Rank

Général d'Armée(General)

Général de Corps d'Armée(Lieutenant General)

Général de Division(Major General)

Général de Brigade(Brigadier General)

Colonel(Colonel)

Lieutenant-Colonel(Lieutenant Colonel)

Chef d'Escadron(Squadron Leader)(Major)

Capitaine(Captain)

Lieutenant(Lieutenant)

Sous-Lieutenant(Sub-Lieutenant)(Second Lieutenant)

Aspirant(Aspirant)

Élève Officier(Officer Cadet)

text: Sous-officers (Sub-Officers)

text:
Grade(Rank)

Insignia Rank

Major

Adjudant-Chef(Regimental Sergeant Major)(Warrant Officer Class One)

Adjudant(Squadron Sergeant Major)(Warrant Officer Class Two)

Maréchal des Logis-Chef(Chief Marshal of Lodgings)(Staff Sergeant)

Gendarme(Gendarme)(Sergeant)

Gendarme sous contrat(Junior Gendarme)(Sergeant)

Élève Sous-officer(Sub-Officer Cadet)

text: Hommes du rang > Volontaires + Réservistes (Serviceman of the Rank)

text:
Grade(Rank)

Insignia RankDépartementale & Mobile

Aspirant de Gendarmerie Issu du Volontariat(AGIV, Volunteer Lieutenant)

Gendarme Adjoint Maréchal-des-logis(Deputy Gendarme Marshal of Lodgings)(Sergeant)

Gendarme Adjoint Brigadier Chef(Deputy Gendarme Chief-Brigadier)(Corporal)

Gendarme Adjoint Brigadier(Deputy Gendarme Brigadier)(Lance Corporal)

Gendarme Adjoint Volontaire 1ère Classe(Volunteer Deputy Gendarme First Class)

Gendarme Adjoint Volontaire(Volunteer Deputy Gendarme)

text: Police Municipale[edit]

text: Directors[edit]

text: Services director ("Directeur de service")

text:
- 3rd class (exceptional)
- 2nd class (superior)
- 1st class (normal)

text: Chiefs[edit]

text: Service chief ("Chef de service")

text: Deputies[edit]

text:
Principal Chief Brigadier ("Brigadier-chef principal")
Chief Brigadier ("Brigadier-chef")
Brigadier
Sergeant ("Gardien principal")
Deputy ("Gardien de police municipale")
Intern deputy ("Gardien stagiaire")

text: Germany[edit]

text: The following ranks are in use by state police forces. Detective Ranks follow the same scheme, replacing the word Polizei with Kriminal, for example a plainclothed detective lieutenant is called Kriminalkommissar. The Federal Police of Germany basically follows the scheme, but deviates in the flag ranks.

text: Politically appointed[edit]

text: They are comparable to military flag (General) officers, and are appointed by the state Minister of Interior (Senators of Interior in City-States). For federal agencies the federal Minister of Interior is responsible. They are usually specialists in public administration and have a master-level law degree. Since they are outside of the career system, they receive payment according to the B-scale of public officer payment grades.

text:
President of the Federal Police (Präsident des Bundespolizeipräsidiums), the highest police rank, only used by the Federal Police, responsible to the federal Ministry of Interior
President of Police (Polizeipräsident), commands an independent regional authority of state police (Polizeipräsidium, Landespolizeidirektion, or similar), directly subordinated to the corresponding state ministry of interior.
Vice President of Police (Polizeivizepräsident or Vizepräsident), also used in some states, serves as assistant to the state police commander
Inspector of/Director of (stand-by) police (Inspekteur/Direktor der Bereitschaftspolizei), this rank is named differently in some states. The officer commands the stand-by police forces of the state.

text: Higher echelon[edit]

text: Comparable to military staff officers, Major and above. The ranks are available for applicants who completed master level university studies, usually in law. It is possible for officers from the elevated echelon to obtain a master's degree from the Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei, so they can enter higher ranks.

text:
Police Chief Director (Leitender Polizeidirektor) acts as lieutenant to the President of Police or heading a branch service of state police. As a career position it corresponds to grade A16. Four gold stars on shoulder patch.
Police Director (Polizeidirektor), commands a subdivision of a regional authority of state police, either territorial (encompassing roughly one or two Districts of Germany districts) or by branches (traffic, crime). Grade A15. 3 gold stars.
Police Senior Councillor (Polizeioberrat), grade A14. 2 gold stars.
Police Councillor (Polizeirat), commands a local police division (Polizeiinspektion) or special branch; grade A13. 1 gold star.

text: Elevated echelon[edit]

text: Comparable to military officers, Lieutenant and above. The ranks are obtained after receiving a bachelor level degree of a state college of public administration. In several states of Germany this is the lowest echelon for service entry, the medium service echelon is being abolished.

text:
First Police Chief Inspector (Erster Polizeihauptkommissar), may serve in lieu of a Police Councillor, grade A13. 4 silver stars (in some states 5).
Police Chief Inspector (Polizeihauptkommissar), grades A11 and A12. 3 silver stars, in some states 4 stars when in grade A12.
Police Senior Inspector (Polizeioberkommissar), grade A10, 2 silver stars.
Police Inspector (Polizeikommissar), grade A9, 1 silver star.

text: Medium echelon[edit]

text:
Comparable to military non-commissioned officers.
Those ranks are usually obtained during or after two years service in training companies (Ausbildungshundertschaften) of the Bereitschaftspolizei.
The ranks are indicated by light blue (with blue uniform) or light green (with green-brown uniform) stars.

text:
Police Chief Master (upgraded pay) (Polizeihauptmeister mit Amtszulage), may serve in lieu of a Police Inspector, grade A9 with upgrade, 4 or 5 stars.
Police Chief Master (Polizeihauptmeister), grade A9, 4 stars.
Police Senior Master (Polizeiobermeister), grade A8, 3 stars.
Police Master (Polizeimeister), grade A7, 2 stars.
Chief Constable (Hauptwachtmeister), grade A6, 1 star (only in a few states, usually during service in the Bereitschaftspolizei).
Senior Constable (Oberwachtmeister) (only in a few states, usually during service in the Bereitschaftspolizei), grade A5.

text: There have been lower ranks in use in earlier times, with the abolishment of the basic echelon, they have been out of use since the 1980s. The most well-known of these is Wachtmeister (Constable) which still is considered the standard address for a policeman of unknown rank, even though it may now be considered condescending, given the policeman has a higher rank than mere Wachtmeister.

text: Pre-commission[edit]

text: Candidates (Anwärter), usually the word is appended to the rank, to which the person is going to be commissioned, e.g. Polizeikommissaranwärter. Pay is a reduced amount of the corresponding rank.

text: Haiti[edit]

text: Hong Kong[edit]

text: Gazetted

text:
Commissioner of Police (CP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處處長): crest over pip over wreathed and crossed batons.
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處副處長): crest over wreathed and crossed batons.
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SACP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處高級助理處長): pip over wreathed and crossed batons.
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處助理處長): wreathed and crossed batons.

text: Inspectorate

text:
Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) (Traditional Chinese: 總警司): crest over two pips.
Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) (Traditional Chinese: 高級警司): crest over pip.
Superintendent of Police (SP) (Traditional Chinese: 警司): crest.
Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) (Traditional Chinese: 總督察): three pips.
Senior Inspector of Police (SIP) (Traditional Chinese: 高級督察): two pips over bar.
Inspector of Police (IP) (Traditional Chinese: 督察): two pips.
Probationary Inspector of Police (PI) (Traditional Chinese: 見習督察): pip.

text: Junior Police Officer (Rank and File)

text:
Station Sergeant (SSGT) (Traditional Chinese: 警署警長): wreathed crest.
Sergeant (SGT) (Traditional Chinese: 警長): three downward-pointing chevrons.
Senior Constable (SPC) (Traditional Chinese: 高級警員): downward-pointing chevron.
Police Constable (PC) (Traditional Chinese: 警員): slide with ID number.[9]

text: Iceland[edit]

text:
#
Title
English translation

1
Ríkislögreglustjóri
National Police Commissioner

2
Aðstoðarríkislögreglustjóri

Deputy National Police Commissioner

Lögreglustjóri
Police Commissioner

3
Aðstoðarlögreglustjóri
Deputy Police Commissioner

4
Yfirlögregluþjónn
(Detective) Chief Superintendent

5
Aðstoðaryfirlögregluþjónn
(Detective) Superintendent

6
Aðalvarðstjóri
Chief Inspector

Lögreglufulltrúi
Detective Chief Inspector

7
Varðstjóri
Inspector

Rannsóknarlögreglumaður
Detective Inspector

8
Lögreglumaður
Police Constable

9
Lögreglunemi
Police Cadet

Afleysingamaður í lögreglu
Temporary Replacement Police Constable

Héraðslögreglumaður
Temporarily hired constable

text: India[edit]

text: Gazetted officers include all the Indian Police Service officers and all State Police Services officers of and above the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) or Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) in State Police and Metropolitan Police forces respectively.

text: Ranks of Gazetted Officers[edit]

text:
Director Intelligence Bureau (post held by senior most Indian Police Service officer; not a rank)
Commissioner of Police (State)  or  Director General of Police
Special Commissioner of Police  or  Additional Director General of Police
Joint Commissioner of Police  or Inspector General of Police
Additional Commissioner of Police  or  Deputy Inspector General of Police
Deputy Commissioner of Police  or  Senior Superintendent of Police or Senior Commandant
Deputy Commissioner of Police or Superintendent of Police or Commandant
Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police or Additional Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commandant
Assistant Commissioner of Police  or Deputy Superintendent of Police or Assistant Commandant
Assistant Superintendent of Police (IPS Probationary Rank: 2 years of service)
Assistant Superintendent of Police (IPS Probationary Rank: 1 year of service)
Deputy Superintendent of Police
Circle Inspector (C.I.)

text: Ranks of non-Gazetted Officer[edit]

text:
Sub-Inspector (S.I.)
Assistant Sub Inspector (A.S.I.)
Senior Head Constable
Head Constable
Senior Constable
Constable

text: Indonesia[edit]

text: Indonesian Police Ranks:

text:
Worn on:

High Ranking officers

Middle Ranking officers

First Ranking officers

Ceremonial Uniform (PDU)

Service Uniform (PDH)

Field Uniform (PDL)on collar

Rank:

Police General

Commissioner General of Police

Inspector General of Police

Brigadier General

Police Chief commissioner

Police Superintendent

Police Commissioner

PoliceChief Inspector

Police Inspector1st Class

Police Inspector2nd Class

text:
Worn on:

Asst. Inspector

Brigadiers (NCO/Constable)

Ceremonial Uniform (PDU)

Service Uniform (PDH)

Field Uniform (PDL)on collar

Rank:

Police Sub-inspector1st Class

Police Sub-inspector2nd Class

Police ChiefBrigadier

Police Brigadier

PoliceFirst Brigadier

PoliceSecond Brigadier

text: The Ranks below is only used in the Mobile Brigade and Water police units:

text:
Worn on:

Enlisted

Ceremonial Uniform (PDU)

Service Uniform (PDH)

Field Uniform (PDL)on collar

Rank:

Police BrigadierAdjutant

Police Brigadier Adjutant1st class

PoliceBrigadier Adjutant 2nd class

ChiefAgent

Agent

SecondAgent

text: Iran[edit]

text: Police Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Ranks

text:
Commissioned Officer rank insignia of the Islamic Republic of Iran Police (NAJA)

Police General

Police Lieutenant General

Police Major General

Police Brigadier General

Police Second Brigadier General

Police Colonel

Police Lieutenant Colonel

Police Major

Police Captain

Police First Lieutenant

Police Second Lieutenant

Police Third Lieutenant

Persian: ارتشبد

Persian: سپهبد

Persian: سرلشکر

Persian: سرتیپ

Persian: سرتیپ دوم

Persian: سرهنگ

Persian: سرهنگ دوم

Persian: سرگرد

Persian: سروان

Persian: ستوان یکم

Persian: ستوان دوم

Persian: ستوان سوم

text:
Enlisted rank insignia of the Islamic Republic of Iran Police (NAJA)

Command Sergeant Major

Sergeant Major(Staff)

Sergeant First Class / First Sergeant

Staff Sergeant

Sergeant

Corporal

Lance Corporal

Senior Policeman

Policeman

Persian: استوار یکم

Persian: استوار دوم

Persian: گروهبان یکم

Persian: گروهبان دوم

Persian: گروهبان سوم

Persian: سرجوخه

Persian: سرباز یکم

Persian: سرباز دوم

Persian: سرباز

text: Iraq[edit]

text: The Iraqi Police is made up of three branches, under the command of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, these being the Iraqi Police Service which tasked with general patrol of Iraq's cities, the Federal Police (earlier was called National Police) which are a paramilitary organisation which deals with incidents that are beyond the control of the Iraqi Police, but are not so serious the Iraqi Army are involved, and the supporting force that is made up of the Department of Border Enforcement.[10]

text: Iraqi Police officers ranks are the same that of Iraqi army ordered lowest to highest with symbol on epaulette:

text:
Colonel general (فريق اول): one silver eagle, two silver stars and two silver crossed swords
Lieutenant general (فريق): one silver eagle, one silver star and two silver crossed swords
Major general (لواء): one silver eagle and two silver crossed swords
Brigadier (عميد): one silver eagle and three silver stars
Colonel (عقيد): one silver eagle and two silver stars
Lieutenant colonel (مقدم): one silver eagle and one silver star
Major (رائد): one silver eagle
Captain (نقيب): three silver stars
First lieutenant (ملازم اول): two silver stars
Lieutenant (ملازم): one silver star

text: Republic of Ireland[edit]

text: Ranks of the Garda Síochána (Guardians of the Peace) the Police service of the Republic of Ireland.

text:
Garda Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Chief Superintendent
Superintendent
Inspector
Sergeant
Garda (equivalent to constable or police officer)

text: A Garda allocated to detective duties, up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent, is a detective and the word Detective is prefixed to their rank (e.g. Detective Sergeant).

text: Italy[edit]

text: Japan[edit]

text:
Commissioner General (Japanese: 警察庁長官, Keisatsu-chō Chōkan): the Chief of National Police Agency. The rank outside. 1 capacity.
Superintendent General (警視総監, Keishi-sōkan): the Chief of Metropolitan Police Department. 1 capacity.
Senior Commissioner (警視監, Keishi-kan): Deputy Commissioner General, Deputy Superintendent General, the Chief of Regional Police Bureau, the Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters, others.
Commissioner (警視長, Keishi-chō): the Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters.
Assistant commissioner (警視正, Keishi-sei): the Chief of Police Station (large). National Police Agency officers occupy the higher ranks above it.
Superintendent (警視, Keishi): the Chief of Police Station (small or middle), the Vice Commanding Officer of Police Station, Commander of Riot Unit.
Police Chief Inspector (警部, Keibu): Squad Commander of Police Station, Leader of Riot Company.
Inspector (警部補, Keibu-ho): Squad Sub-Commander of Police Station, Leader of Riot Platoon. National Police Officer 1st class's career start from this rank.
Sergeant (巡査部長, Junsa-buchō): Field supervisor, Leader of Police box. National Police Officer 2nd class's career start from this rank.
Senior Police Officer (巡査長, Junsa-chō): Honorary rank of Police Officer.
Police officer, (巡査, Junsa): Prefectural Police Officer's career start from this rank.

text: Kenya[edit]

text: The Kenya Police wear badges of rank on the shoulders (Inspector-General – Inspector) and sleeve (Senior Sergeant – Constable) of their uniform to denote their rank. In line with the ongoing reforms, the uniforms committee is also working on new insignia for the revised rank structure, which will have to be approved by the National Police Service Commission. The order of Kenya Police ranks is as follows:

text:
Inspector-General (formerly Commissioner of Police)
Deputy Inspector-General
Senior Assistant Inspector-General
Assistant Inspector-General
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Assistant Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Inspector
Senior Sergeant
Sergeant
Constable

text: Former Kenya Police ranks and insignia can be found at this reference.

text: South Korea[edit]

text:
Commissioner General (치안총감, 治安總監): at most one may be appointed at a time.
Chief Superintendent General (치안정감, 治安正監): at most five may be appointed at a time.
Senior Superintendent General (치안감, 治安監)
Superintendent General (경무관, 警務官)
Senior Superintendent (총경, 總警)
Superintendent (경정, 警正)
Senior Inspector (경감, 警監)
Inspector (경위, 警衛)
Assistant Inspector (경사, 警査)
Senior Police Officer (경장, 警長)
Police Officer (순경, 巡警)
Newly commissioned officers are appointed as Policeman Assistant (순경시보, 巡警試補) for one year probationary period. The uniform and insignia of an assistant is identical to those of a Policeman.
Auxiliary Policeman (의경, 義警)
Sergeant Constable (수경, 首警)
Corporal Constable (상경, 上警)
Private Constable First Class (일경, 一警)
Private Constable (이경, 二警)

text: Latvia[edit]

text: Ranks of Latvian State police (Latvian: Valsts policija)

text:
Ģenerālis/Police general
Pulkvedis/Colonel
Pulkvežleitnants/Lieutenant Colonel
Majors/Major
Kapteinis/Captain
Virsleitnants/First lieutenant
Leitnants/Lieutenant
Virsnieka vietnieks/Warrant Officer
Virsseržants/First sergeant
Seržants/Sergeant
Kaprālis/Corporal
Kursants
Ierindnieks/Private

text: Lithuania[edit]

text: Generalinis komisaras/Commissioner-General

text: A class officers[edit]

text:
Vyriausiasis komisaras/Chief Commissioner
Vyresnysis komisaras/Senior commissioner
Komisaras/Commissioner

text: B class officers[edit]

text:
Komisaras inspektorius/Commissioner inspector
Vyresnysis inspektorius/Chief inspector
Inspektorius/Inspector

text: C class officers[edit]

text:
Viršila/Sergeant
Vyresnysis policininkas/Police officer 1st class
Policininkas/Police officer
Jaunesnysis policininkas/Junior police officer

text: Luxembourg[edit]

text: The Grand Ducal Police of Luxembourg has the following ranks (from top to bottom):

text:
Director General (directeur général)
Assistant Director General (directeur général adjoint)
First Division Commissioner (1er commissaire divisionnaire)
Division Commissioner (commissaire divisionnaire)
Assistant Division Commissioner (commissaire divisionnaire adjoint)
First Senior Commissioner (1er commissaire principal)
Senior Commissioner (commissaire principal)
Chief Commissioner (commissaire en chef)
Commissioner (commissaire)
Chief Inspector (inspecteur-chef)
First Inspector (premier inspecteur)
Inspector (inspecteur)
Assistant Inspector (inspecteur adjoint)
Chief Brigadier (brigadier-chef)
Senior Brigadier (brigadier principal)
First Brigadier (premier brigadier)
Brigadier (brigadier)

text: Macau[edit]

text: The Public Security Police Force of Macau (CPSP) includes the following categories, ranks and respective main functions :[11]

text:
Senior ranks
Superintendent general (Portuguese: superintendente-geral): commander of the CPSP,
Superintendent (superintendente): deputy commander of the CPSP,
Intendent (intendente): commanding officer of level I units,
Sub-Intendent (subintendente): commanding officer of level II units,
Commissioner (comissário): commanding officer of level III units,
Sub-commissioner (subcomissário): commanding officer of level IV units,
Chief (chefe): commanding officer of level V units,
Sub-chief (subchefe): coordinator of complex tasks;
Basic ranks
Principal constable (guarda principal): coordinator of simple tasks,
Constable first class (guarda de primeira): executor of operational, technical or administrative tasks,
Constable (guarda): executor of operational, technical or administrative tasks.

text: Macedonia[edit]

text:
General Police Counselor (Macedonian: Генерален полициски советник, Generalen policiski sovetnik)
Chief Police Counselor (Macedonian: Главен полициски советник, Glaven policiski sovetnik)
Senior Police Counselor (Macedonian: Виш полициски советник, Viš policiski sovetnik)
Police Counselor (Macedonian: Полициски советник, Policiski sovetnik)
Chief Inspector (Macedonian: Главен инспектор, Glaven inspektor)
Independent Inspector (Macedonian: Самостоен инспектор, Samostoen inspektor)
Senior Inspector (Macedonian: Виш инспектор, Viš inspektor)
Inspector (Macedonian: Инспектор, Inspektor)
Junior Inspector (Macedonian: Помлад инспектор, Pomlad inspektor)
Chief Policeman (Macedonian: Главен полицаец, Glaven policaec)
Senior Policeman (Macedonian: Виш полицаец, Viš policaec)
Policeman (Macedonian: Полицаец, Policaec)

text: Malaysia[edit]

text: Below shown are the rank structure of the Royal Malaysian Police.

text:
Inspector General Grade
Inspector General of Police [IGP]: National Chief Police.
Deputy Inspector General of Police [DIG]: Deputy National Chief Police.
Commissioner of Police [CP] Department Chief Police
Senior Deputy Commissioner of Police
Deputy Commissioner of Police [DCP] : State Chief Police Officer [CPO]
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police
Assistant Commissioner of Police [ACP]: District Chief Police.
Superintendent Grade
Superintendent of Police [SUPT]
Deputy Superintendent of Police [DSP]: District Division Chief
Assistant Superintendent of Police [ASP]: Station Chief Police.

text: Inspector Grade

text:
Inspector [INSP]
Probationary Inspector [P/INSP]
Enlisted Grade
Sub-Inspector [S/INSP]
Sergeant Major [SM]
Sergeant [SGT]
Corporal [CPL]
Lance Corporal [L/CPL]
Constable

text: Mexico[edit]

text: Accordin to the General Law for the National System for Public Security, the Federal, State and Municipal Police Forces will establish his hierarchical organization, at less considering the following ranks categories:

text:
Basic Scale Ladder:
Constable
Leading Constable
Senior Constable
Sergeant
Officers:
Subofficer
Officer.
Subinspector
Inspectors:
Inspector.
Chief Inspector
Superintendent
Commissioners:
Commissioner
Chief Commissioner.
Deputy Commissioner general
Commissioner generals:
Commissioner General

text: Netherlands[edit]

text:
Police ranks of the Netherlands

Rank

First Chief Commissioner(Eerste Hoofdcommissaris)

Chief Commissioner(Hoofdcommissaris)

Chief Superintendent(Commissaris)

Superintendent(Hoofdinspecteur)

Inspector(Inspecteur)

Sergeant(Brigadier)

Shoulder

Sleeve

Rank

Senior Constable(Hoofdagent)

Constable(Agent)

Police Patrol Officer(Surveillant)

Police Trainee(Aspirant)

Non Executive Employee(Niet-Executieve Medewerker)

Shoulder

Sleeve

text: Norway[edit]

text:
Police ranks of Norway

Norwegian

Politidirektør

Assisterendepolitidirektør

Politimester

Visepolitimester

PolitiinspektørogPolitiadvokat

Politiadvokat

Politifullmektig

Rank

NationalPoliceCommissioner

AssistantNationalCommissioner

Chief of Police

DeputyChief of Police

AssistantChief of Police

PoliceProsecutor

Junior PoliceProsecutor

Insignia

Norwegian

PolitistasjonssjefogLensmann

Politioverbetjent

Politiførstebetjent

Politibetjent 3

Politibetjent 2

Politibetjent 1

Politireserven

Rank

Police ChiefSuperintendent

PoliceSuperintendent

PoliceChief Inspector

Police Inspector

Police Sergeant

Police Constable

PoliceReserve

Insignia

text: Source: Norwegian National Police[12]

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: The following ranks are observed in the various police organisations across Pakistan (Lowest to highest ranks)

text:
1. Constable
2. Head Constable (HC)
3. Assistant Sub Inspector (ASI)
4. Sub Inspector (SI)
5. Inspector (IP)
6. Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)/ Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)
7. Superintendent of Police (SP)
8. Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)
9. Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG)
10. Additional Inspector General of Police (Add.IG)
11. Inspector General of Police (IGP)

text: Philippines[edit]

text: The following ranks are observed in the PNP as of 2009 with the following:[13]

text: Commissioned officers

text:
Director General - General
Deputy Director General (DDG) - Lieutenant General
Director (Dir.) - Major General
Chief Superintendent (C/Supt.) - Brigadier General
Senior Superintendent (S/Supt.) - Colonel
Superintendent (Supt.) - Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Inspector (C/Insp.) - Major
Senior Inspector (S/Insp.) - Captain
Inspector (Insp.) - Lieutenant

text: Note: Rank in Italics is the Army equivalent. There is no Second Lieutenant rank-equivalent in the PNP.

text: Non-commissioned officers

text:
Senior Police Officer IV (SPO4) - Senior Master Sergeant / Chief Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer III (SPO3) - Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer II (SPO2) - Technical Sergeant
Senior Police Officer I (SPO1) - Staff Sergeant"
Police Officer III (PO3) - Sergeant
Police Officer II (PO2) - Corporal
Police Officer I (PO1) - Private First Class

text: Note: Rank in Italics is the Army equivalent. There is no Private rank-equivalent in the PNP.

text: Poland[edit]

text:
Police ranks of Poland

Group

Generals

Senior Officers

Junior Officers

Polish

generalny inspektor Policji

nadinspektor

inspektor

młodszyinspektor

podinspektor

nadkomisarz

komisarz

podkomisarz

Rank

InspectorGeneral of Police

ChiefInspector

Inspector

JuniorInspector

DeputyInspector

ChiefCommissioner

Commissioner

DeputyCommissioner

Insignia

Group

Aspirants

Non-commissioned Officers

Constables

Polish

aspirant sztabowy

starszy aspirant

aspirant

młodszy aspirant

sierżant sztabowy

starszy sierżant

sierżant

starszy posterunkowy

posterunkowy

Rank

StaffAspirant

SeniorAspirant

Aspirant

JuniorAspirant

StaffSergeant

SeniorSergeant

Sergeant

Senior Constable

Constable

Insignia

text: Portugal[edit]

text: The Public Security Police (PSP) of Portugal includes the following categories, ranks, insignia and respective main functions:

text: Police Officers

text:
National Chief Superintendent: National Director of the PSP,
Deputy National Chief Superintendent: Deputy National Director or Inspector General of the PSP,
Chief Superintendent: commanding officer of a metropolitan / regional command,
Superintendent: commanding officer of a district command or second-in-command of a metropolitan / regional command,
Intendent: division commander in a metropolitan / regional command or second-in-command of a district command,
Sub-Intendent: division commander in a district command or second-in-command of a division commanded by an intendent,
Commissioner: second-in-command of a division commanded by a sub-intendent,
Sub-Commissioner: commanding officer of a police squad / police station;

text: Police Chiefs

text:
Chief Coordinator: ,
Principal Chief: auxiliary of a unit commanding officer,
Chief: supervisor of staff and leader of police teams;

text: Police Agents

text:
Agent Coordinator:,
Principal Agent: a senior principal agent may perform the same functions as a chief, others perform the same functions as an agent,
Agent: functions of police constable;

text: Police Officer Academy (ISCPSI) Students:

text:
Officer Candidate: student of the 5th year of the Training Course for Police Officers (CFOP),
Cadet: student of the 4th year of the CFOP,
Cadet: student of the 3rd year of the CFOP,
Cadet: student of the 2nd year of the CFOP,
Cadet: student of the 1st year of the CFOP.

text: Romania[edit]

text:
Romanian Police ranks

Corps

Corpul ofiţerilor de poliţie (Police Officers' Corps)

Group

Quaestors

Commissioners

Inspectors

Romanian

chestor-general

chestor-șef

chestor-principal

chestor

comisar-șef

comisar

subcomisar

inspector-principal

inspector

subinspector

Rank

Quaestor-General

Chief-Quaestor

Principal Quaestor

Quaestor

Chief Commissioner

Commissioner

Subcommissioner

Principal Inspector

Inspector

Subinspector

Insignia

Corps

Corpul agenţilor de poliţie (Police Agents' Corps)

Group

Agents

Romanian

agent-şef principal

agent-şef

agent-şef adjunct

agent principal

agent

Rank

Principal Chief Agent

Chief Agent

Deputy Chief Agent

Principal Agent

Agent

Insignia

text: Russia[edit]

text: The Police of Russia uses the following rank system:

text:
Cadet (educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs)
Private

text: Junior commanding staff

text:
Junior Sergeant
Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant major (Starshina)
Warrant officer
Senior warrant officer

text: Middle commanding staff

text:
Junior-lieutenant
Lieutenant
Senior Lieutenant
Captain

text: Senior commanding staff

text:
Major
Lieutenant Colonel
Colonel

text: General officers

text:
Police Major General
Police Lieutenant-General
Police Colonel-General
General of the Police of the Russian Federation

text: The rank of Yefreytor is only used by the Internal Troops of the MVD, now the National Guard of Russia.

text: Serbia[edit]

text:
General of the Police (General policije)
Chief Police Adviser/Counselor (Glavni policijski savetnik)
Police Adviser/Counselor (Policijski savetnik)
Chief Police Inspector (Glavni policijski inspektor)
Independent police inspector (Samostalni policijski inspektor)
Police Inspector (Policijski inspektor)
Police Sergeant (Policijski narednik)
Junior Police Sergeant 1st Class (Mladji policijski narednik 1 klase)
Junior Police Sergeant (Mladji policijski narednik)
Independent Policeman (Samostalni policajac)
Senior Policeman (Viši policajac)
Policeman 1st Class (Policajac 1 klase)
Policeman (Policajac)
Junior Policeman 1st Class (Mladji policajac 1 klase)
Junior Policeman (Mladji policajac)

text: Singapore[edit]

text:
Below shown are the rank structure of the Singapore Police Force.
Latest changes made to the ranks of the SPF were made in 2016. Officers with ranks that were made obsolete would continue to carry their ranks until their next promotion.

text:
Senior police officers
Commissioner of Police [CP][14]
Deputy Commissioner of Police [DCP]
Senior Assistant Commissioner [SAC]
Assistant Commissioner [AC]
Deputy Assistant Commissioner [DAC]
Superintendent of Police [SUPT]
Deputy Superintendent of Police [DSP]
Assistant Superintendent of Police [ASP]
Inspector of Police [INSP]
Police officers
Senior Station Inspector (2) of Police [SSI2] (Obsolete in 2016)
Senior Station Inspector of Police [SSI] (Obsolete in 2016)
Station Inspector of Police [SI]
Senior Staff Sergeant [SSSGT]
Staff Sergeant [SSGT] (Obsolete in 2016)
Sergeant [SGT]
Corporal [CPL] (Obsolete in 2016)
Lance Corporal [LC]: Obsolete for the regular force. Currently only available for the Gurkha Contingent.
Special constable [SC]: Full-time National Servicemen. Promoted FTNS officers will have the SC prefix to their rank, e.g. SC/Cpl, SC/Sgt.
Police Constable [PC]: This rank is no longer granted to regulars. However, officers below the rank of inspector being discharged from the police force on disciplinary grounds are first reduced to the rank of constable before their discharge.

text: South Africa[edit]

text: As of 1 June 2016, the functional rank structure in the South African Police Service (SAPS) is as follows:[15][16]

text:
Police ranks of South Africa

Group

Senior Management - Commissioned Officers

Rank

General (Gen)

Lieutenant General (Lt Gen)

Major General (Maj Gen)

Brigadier

Insignia

Role

Designation ofNational Commissioner

Actg. National Commissioner,Deputy National Commissioner,Regional Commissioner,Provincial Commissioner,Divisional Commissioner

Group

Commissioned Officers

Rank

Colonel (Col)

Lieutenant Colonel (Lt Col)

Captain

Insignia

Group

Non-commissioned Officers

Rank

Warrant Officer (W/O)

Sergeant (Sgt)

Constable (Const)

Insignia

text: From 1 April 2010 until 1 June 2016, the rank structure was as follows:

text:
General (Gen) - designation of National Commissioner
Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) - Actg. National Commissioner, Deputy National Commissioner, Provincial Commissioner, Divisional Commissioner
Major General (Maj Gen)
Brigadier

text:
Colonel (Col)
Lieutenant Colonel (Lt Col)
Major
Captain
Lieutenant

text:
Warrant Officer (W/O)
Sergeant (Sgt)
Constable (Const)

text: Prior to April 2010, the rank structure was as follows:

text:
National Commissioner
Deputy National Commissioner
Divisional Commissioner or Provincial Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner

text:
Director
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Captain
Inspector

text:
Sergeant
Constable
Student

text: Spain[edit]

text: Cuerpo Nacional de Policía

text:
Director General of Police (Spanish: Director General de Policia)
Deputy Director General (Director Adjunto Operativo)
Sub-Director General (Subdirector General)
Commissioner General/Division Chief (Comisario General/Jefe de Division)
Senior Chief (Jefe Superior)
Principal Commissioner (Comisario Principal)
Commissioner (Comisario)
Chief Inspector (Inspector Jefe)
Inspector
Sub-Inspector (Subinspector)
First Class Police Officer (Oficial de Policia)
Police Officer (Policia)

text: Guardia Civil - Civil Guard

text:
NATO Code
OF-8
OF-7
OF-6
OF-5
OF-4
OF-3
OF-2
OF-1

 Spain

Teniente General

General de División

General de Brigada

Coronel

Teniente Coronel

Comandante

Capitán

Teniente

Alférez

EquivalentTranslation

Lieutenant General

Divisional General

Brigade General

Colonel

Lieutenant Colonel

Major/Commandant

Captain

Lieutenant

lit. Knight(Ensign)

text:
NATO Code
OR-9
OR-8
OR-7
OR-6
OR-5
OR-4
OR-3
OR-2
OR-1

 Spain

Suboficial Mayor

Subteniente

Brigada

Sargento Primero

Sargento

Cabo Mayor

Cabo Primero

Cabo

Guardia Civil de Primera

Guardia Civil

EquivalentTranslation

SeniorWarrant Officer

Warrant Officer1st Class

Warrant Officer2nd Class

First Sergeant

Sergeant

Master Corporal

Corporal

Lance Corporal

Civil Guardsman First Class (Rank in abeyance)

Civil Guardsman

text: Basque Country[edit]

text: Ertzaintza - Basque Police

text:
Superintendent (Basque: Superintendentea)
Intendent (Intendentea)
Chief Inspector (Inspektorea)
Inspector (Inspektoreordea)
Officer (Ofiziala)
Non-commissioned Officer (Ofizialordea)
Constable 1st Class (1. Ertzaina)
Constable (Ertzaina)

text: Catalonia[edit]

text: Mossos d'Esquadra - Catalan Police

text:
Chief Superintendent (Catalan: Major)
Superintendent (Comissari)
Chief Inspector (Intendent)
Inspector (Inspector)
Lieutenant (Sotsinspector)
Sergeant (Sergent)
Corporal (Caporal)
Constable (Mosso)

text:
Ranks of the Mossos d'Esquadra

Rank
Mosso
Caporal
Sergent
Sotsinspector
Inspector
Intendent
Comissari
Major

Insignia

text: Navarre[edit]

text: Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa in Basque) - Navarrese Police

text:
Foral Police Chief (Spanish: Jefe Policía Foral, Basque: Foruzaingo Nagusia)
Chief Superintendent (Comisario Principal, Komisario Nagusia)
Superintendent (Comisario, Komisarioa)
Inspector (Inspector, Inspektorea)
Deputy Inspector (Subinspector, Inspektoreordea)
Corporal (Cabo, Kaporala)
Foral Constable (Agente Foral, Foruzaina)

text: Sri Lanka[edit]

text:
Inspector General of Police (IGP)
Senior Deputy Inspector General of police (SDIG)
Deputy Inspector General of police (DIG)
Senior Superintendent of police (SSP)
Superintendent of police (SP)
Assistant Superintendent of police (ASP)
Chief Inspector of police (CIP)
Inspector of police (IP)
Sub Inspector of police (SI)

text:
Police Sergeant Major (PSM)
Police Sergeant Class 1 (PS)
Police Sergeant Class 2 (PS)
Police Constable Class 1 (PC)
Police Constable Class 2 (PC)
Police Constable Class 3 (PC)
Police Constable Class 4 (PC)

text: Sweden[edit]

text:
Swedish police ranks and insignia after reorganization 2015[17]1

Rank

National Police Commissioner

Police Director

Deputy Police Director

Police Commissioner

Deputy PoliceCommissioner

Chief Superintendent

Assistant PoliceCommissioner

Note

Regional Police Chief,Head of Department

Deputy Chief of Region,Deputy Head of Dept.

District Police Chief,Head of Division

Special assignment

Special assignment

Swedish Name

Rikspolischef

Polisdirektör(Regionpolischef, Avdelningschef)

BiträdandePolisdirektör

Polismästare(Polisområdeschef, Enhetschef)

Polisöverintendent

Polisintendent

Polissekreterare

Insignia

Rank

Superintendent,Detective Superintendent

Chief Inspector,Detective Chief Inspector

Inspector,Detective Inspector

Sergeant,Detective Sergeant

Senior Police Constable

Police Constable

Police Trainee

Note

Local Police Chief,Head of Section

Head of Group

After 4 years of employment

Swedish Name

Poliskommisarie,kriminalkommissarie(Lokalpolisområdeschef, Sektionschef)

Poliskommisarie,kriminalkommissarie

Polisinspektör,kriminalinspektör(Gruppchef)

Polisinspektör,kriminalinspektör

Polisassistent

Polisassistent

Polisaspirant

Insignia

text: Taiwan[edit]

text:
Police Supervisor General (警監特級)
Police Supervisor Rank One (警監一級)
Police Supervisor Rank Two (警監二級)
Police Supervisor Rank Three (警監三級)
Police Supervisor Rank Four (警監四級)
Police Officer Rank One (警正一級)
Police Officer Rank Two (警正二級)
Police Officer Rank Three (警正三級)
Police Officer Rank Four (警正四級)
Police Rank One (警佐一級)
Police Rank Two (警佐二級)
Police Rank Three (警佐三級)
Police Rank Four (警佐四級)

text: Thailand[edit]

text: สำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติ (samnak ngan tamruat haeng chat) - Royal Thai Police

text: Commissioned officers[edit]

text:
พลตำรวจเอก - Police General (phon tamruat ek)
พลตำรวจโท - Police Lieutenant General (phon tamruat tho)
พลตำรวจตรี- Police Major General (phon tamruat tri)
พลตำรวจจัตวา - Police Brigadier (rank in abeyance) (phon tamruat jattawa)
พันตำรวจเอก (พิเศษ) - Police Senior Colonel (equivalent to Police Brigadier) (phan tamruat ek phiset)
พันตำรวจเอก - Police Colonel (phan tamruat ek)
พันตำรวจโท - Police Lieutenant Colonel (phan tamruat tho)
พันตำรวจตรี - Police Major (phan tamruat tri)
ร้อยตำรวจเอก - Police Captain (roi tamruat ek)
ร้อยตำรวจโท - Police Lieutenant (roi tamruat tho)
ร้อยตำรวจตรี - Police Second Lieutenant (roi tamruat tri)

text: Non-commissioned officers[edit]

text:
ดาบตำรวจ - Police Sergeant Major (dap tamruat)
จ่าสิบตำรวจ - Police Staff Sergeant (ja sip tamruat)
สิบตำรวจเอก - Police Sergeant (sip tamruat ek)
สิบตำรวจโท - Police Corporal (sip tamruat tho)
สิบตำรวจตรี - Police Lance Corporal (sip tamruat tri)
พลตำรวจ - Policeman/Constable (phon tamruat)

text: Turkey[edit]

text: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü - Turkish Police

text:
Director General (Emniyet Genel Muduru)
Director 1st Grade (1. Sinif Emniyet Muduru)
Director 2nd Grade (2. Sinif Emniyet Muduru)
Director 3rd Grade (3. Sinif Emniyet Muduru)
Director 4th Grade (4. Sinif Emniyet Muduru)
Superintendent (Emniyet Amiri)
Chief Inspector (Baskomiser)
Inspector (Komiser)
Sub-Inspector (Komiser Yardimcisi)
Sergeant (Kıdemli BaşPolis Memuru)
Corporal (BaşPolis Memur)
Police Officer (Turkish: Polis Memuru)

text: Ukraine[edit]

text: The National Police of Ukraine uses the following rank system starting 2015:

text:
Junior officers

Senior officers

Shoulder insigniafor every day uniform

Rank

Constable,Police officer

Corporal

Sergeant

Staff sergeant

Juniorlieutenant

Lieutenant

Seniorlieutenant

Captain

text:
Supervisory officers

Staff officers

Shoulder insigniafor every day uniform

Rank

Major

Lieutenantcolonel

Colonel

Third divisiongeneral(Major General)

Second divisiongeneral (Lieutenant General)

First divisiongeneral(Colonel general)

text: Ranks used by the Ukrainian Armed Forces are in force in the National Guard of Ukraine.

text: United Arab Emirates[edit]

text: Abu Dhabi[edit]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: While some smaller or area specific police forces (ports, docks, tunnels etc.) may use variations on, or fewer of, these ranks, most territorial police forces and special police forces have a standard set of operational ranks:

text:
Police Constable
Sergeant
Inspector
Chief Inspector
Superintendent
Chief Superintendent

text: The standard Chief Officer ranks outside London are:

text:
Assistant Chief Constable
Deputy Chief Constable
Chief Constable

text: Within London's Metropolitan Police Service the Chief Officer ranks are:

text:
Commander
Deputy Assistant Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis

text: The City of London Police use similar Chief Officer ranks to the Metropolitan Police Service but with fewer ranks:

text:
Commander
Assistant Commissioner
Commissioner of the City of London Police

text: A police officer with investigative duties, up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent, is a detective and the word Detective is prefixed to their rank (e.g. Detective Chief Inspector), except for the rank of Police Constable where the word Police is omitted, making them a Detective Constable.

text: United States[edit]

text: The United States law enforcement ranking model is generally quasi-military in structure. Each level of law enforcement (federal, state, and local) has different ranks and vary considerably from agency to agency. There is no nationally set law enforcement rank structure, but they tend to follow similar patterns.

text: Federal[edit]

text: The Department of Justice and The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) contain multiple law enforcement agencies and are the largest federal departments responsible for law enforcement; however, other governmental departments and agencies have law enforcement bodies. Each federal law enforcement agency has a unique rank structure. Many federal law enforcement agencies rank structures resemble Military rank structure but have different cogitations regarding responsibilities and duties. In general, all law enforcement groups in United States follow a similar pattern shown below:

text:
Director or Chief (Comparatively General)
Assistant/ Deputy Director/ Chief (Comparatively Colonel)
Special Agent in Charge (Comparatively Major)
Assistant Special Agent in Charge (Comparatively Captain)
Supervisory Special Agent (Comparatively Lieutenant)
Special Agent (Comparatively Sergeant)
Agent (Comparatively Corporal)
Probationary Agent (Comparatively Private or Cadet)

text: State[edit]

text:
Colonel (some states use the titles of Superintendent, Director or Commissioner, or may have those as ranks higher than Colonel - often selected by the state Governor)
Lieutenant Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Staff Sergeant, Sergeant First Class, First Sergeant, Master Sergeant, or Sergeant Major (some States)
Sergeant
Corporal
Senior/Master Trooper/Patrolman
Trooper (some states may have several grades of Trooper, ex. Senior Trooper, Master Trooper, etc.)
Probationary Trooper
Cadet, Recruit, Trainee

text: Note: Ranks can be skipped or omitted and structure is often determined by individual states. Structure is usually pseudo-military.

text: County[edit]

text:
Sheriff, Chief
Under-Sheriff, Deputy Chief (sometimes an elected position)
Assistant Sheriff (large departments)
Colonel (large departments)
Area Commander or Lieutenant Colonel (large departments)
Major (large departments)
Captain, or Commander
Lieutenant
Staff Sergeant (large departments)
Sergeant
Corporal
Master Deputy, Senior Deputy, or Senior Deputy Sheriff
Deputy, or Deputy Sheriff
Cadet, Recruit, Trainee, or Probationary Deputy

text: Note: Ranks can be skipped or omitted and structure is often determined by individual counties. The structure is usually pseudo-military.

text: Municipal/City[edit]

text: Chief officers[edit]

text:
Chief of Police (sometimes an elected position; some departments use Superintendent, Director or Commissioner)
Deputy/Assistant Chief (or Deputy/Assistant Commissioner in large departments)

text: Supervisory ranks[edit]

text:
Colonel/Commander/Inspector (large departments. An inspector may also be a non-supervisory technical or investigative rank.)
Major (large departments)
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant (rank may have grades in large departments)

text: Officers[edit]

text:
Detective
Police Officer (rank may have different grades, such as Senior Officer, Master Officer, etc.)
Police Cadet
Recruit

text: Note: Ranks can be omitted or added as needed and the structure is often determined by individual municipalities. The structure is usually pseudo-military.

text: Venezuela[edit]

text:
Comisonado General
Comisonado Jefe
Comisonado Agregado
Comisonado
Subcomisionado
Supervisor Jefe
Supervisor Agregado
Supervisor
Inspector Jefe
Inspector
Subinspector
Sargento Mayor Supervisor
Sargento Mayor
Sargento I
Sargento II
Cabo I
Cabo II
Distinguido
Agente[18]

text: Vietnam[edit]

text: Công an Nhân dân Việt Nam - Vietnam People's Public Security

text: Commissioned officers[edit]

text: Highest Rank[edit]

text:
Đại tướng Công an - Police General - only held by the Minister of Public Security
Thượng tướng Công an - Police Colonel General - usually held by the Deputy Ministers of Public Security
Trung tướng Công an - Police Lieutenant General - usually held by the Directors of General Departments of Ministry, Directors of Hanoi Police Department and Directors of Ho Chi Minh City Police Department
Thiếu tướng Công an - Police Major General - usually held by Vice Directors of General Departments of Ministry, Directors of Departments of Ministry

text: Middle Rank[edit]

text:
Đại tá Công an - Police Brigadier - usually held by Directors of Municipality and Province Police Departments
Thượng tá Công an - Police Colonel - usually held by Chiefs of City, Town and District Police
Trung tá Công an - Police Lieutenant Colonel - usually held by Chiefs of Ward and Commune Police
Thiếu tá Công an - Police Major

text: Low Rank[edit]

text:
Đại úy Công an - Police Captain
Thượng úy Công an - Police Senior Lieutenant
Trung úy Công an - Police 1st Lieutenant
Thiếu úy Công an - Police Sub-Lieutenant (2nd Lieutenant).

text: Non-commissioned officers[edit]

text:
Thượng sĩ - Staff Sergeant
Trung sĩ - Sergeant
Hạ sĩ - Corporal

text: Policemen[edit]

text:
Chiến sĩ bậc 1 - Policeman 1st Class
Chiến sĩ bậc 2 - Policeman


document_title: Time Person of the Year

question_text: what year was martin luther king jr time magazine's man of the year

question_tokens: what year was martin luther king jr time magazine 's man of the year

root

text: Time Person of the Year

text: Background[edit]

text: The tradition of selecting a "Man of the Year" began in 1927, with Time editors contemplating the news makers of the years. The idea was also an attempt to remedy the editorial embarrassment earlier that year of not having aviator Charles Lindbergh on its cover following his historic trans-Atlantic flight. By the end of the year, it was decided that a cover story featuring Lindbergh as the Man of the Year would serve both purposes.[3]

tag: p

text: Selection[edit]

text: U.S. Presidents[edit]

text: Since the list began, every serving President of the United States has been a Man or Person of the Year at least once with the exceptions of Calvin Coolidge, in office at time of the first issue, Herbert Hoover, the next U.S. president, and Gerald Ford. Most were named Man or Person of the Year either the year they were elected or while they were in office; the only one to be given the title before being elected is Dwight D. Eisenhower, in 1944 as Supreme Commander of the Allied Invasion Force, eight years before his election. He subsequently received the title again in 1959, while in office. Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only person to have received the title three times, first as president-elect (1932) and later as the incumbent president (1934 and 1941).

text: Women[edit]

text: In 1999, the title was changed to Person of the Year.[4] Women who have been selected for recognition after the renaming include "The Whistleblowers" (Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley, and Sherron Watkins in 2002), Melinda Gates (jointly with Bill Gates and Bono, in 2005), Angela Merkel in 2015 and "The Silence Breakers" (Isabel Pascual, Adama Iwu, Ashley Judd, Susan Fowler and Taylor Swift in 2017). Prior to 1999, four women were granted the title as individuals: three as "Woman of the Year"—Wallis Simpson (1936), Queen Elizabeth II (1952), and Corazon Aquino (1986)–and one as half of the "Man and Wife of the Year", Soong Mei-ling (1937).[5] "American Women" were recognized as a group in 1975. Other classes of people recognized comprise both men and women, such as "Hungarian Freedom Fighters" (1956), "U.S. Scientists" (1960), "The Inheritors" (1966), "The Middle Americans" (1969), "The American Soldier" (2003), "You" (2006), "The Protester" (2011) represented on the cover by a woman, and "Ebola fighters" (2014). Although the title on the magazine remained "Man of The Year" for both the 1956 "Hungarian Freedom Fighter" and the 1966 "Twenty-five and Under" editions which both featured a woman standing behind a man, and "Men of the Year" on the 1960 "U.S. Scientists" edition which exclusively featured men on its cover. It wasn't until the 1969 edition on "The Middle Americans" did the title embrace "Man and Woman of the Year".

text: Groups and non-humans[edit]

text: Despite the name, the title is not just granted to individuals. Pairs of people such as married couples and political opponents, classes of people, and inanimate objects have all been selected for the special year-end issue.

text:
Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling, President and First Lady of China (1937)
William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell, crew of Apollo 8 (1968)
Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, political allies (1972)
Ronald Reagan and Yuri Andropov, Cold War rivals (1983)
Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk; Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin, political leaders leading peace negotiations (1993)
Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, key figures in the Clinton impeachment (1998)
Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley and Sherron Watkins, whistleblowers (2002)
Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Bono, philanthropists (2005)

tag: ul

text:
The American fighting-man (1950)
The Hungarian freedom fighter (1956)
U.S. Scientists (1960)
The Inheritor (1966)
Middle Americans (1969)
American women (1975)
The American soldier (2003)
You (2006)
The Protester (2011)
Ebola fighters (2014)
The Silence Breakers (2017)

text:
The Computer (Machine of the Year, 1982)
The Endangered Earth (Planet of the Year, 1988)

text: Special awards[edit]

text: In 1949, Winston Churchill was named "Man of the Half-Century", and the last issue of 1989 named Mikhail Gorbachev as "Man of the Decade". The December 31, 1999 issue of Time named Albert Einstein the "Person of the Century". Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi were chosen as runners-up.[6]

text: Controversial choices[edit]

text: Despite the magazine's frequent statements to the contrary, the designation is often regarded as an honor, and spoken of as an award or prize, simply based on many previous selections of admirable people.[7] However, Time magazine points out that controversial figures such as Adolf Hitler (1938), Joseph Stalin (1939 and 1942), Nikita Khrushchev (1957) and Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) have also been granted the title for their impacts.[8]

text: As a result of the public backlash it received from the United States for naming Khomeini as Man of the Year in 1979, Time has since shied away from using figures who are controversial in the United States for commercial reasons, fearing reductions in sales or advertising revenue.[9]

text: Time's Person of the Year 2001, immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks, was New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The stated rules of selection, the individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest effect on the year's news, made Osama bin Laden a more likely choice that year. The issue that declared Giuliani the Person of the Year included an article that mentioned Time's earlier decision to select the Ayatollah Khomeini and the 1999 rejection of Hitler as "Person of the Century". The article seemed to imply that Osama bin Laden was a stronger candidate than Giuliani, as Adolf Hitler was a stronger candidate than Albert Einstein. The selections were ultimately based on what the magazine describes as who they believed had a stronger influence on history and who represented either the year or the century the most. According to Time, Rudolph Giuliani was selected for symbolizing the American response to the September 11th attacks, and Albert Einstein selected for representing a century of scientific exploration and wonder.

text: Another controversial choice was the 2006 selection of "You", representing most if not all people for advancing the information age by using the Internet (via e.g. blogs, MySpace, YouTube, and Wikipedia).[10]

text: Withdrawn selections[edit]

text: In 1941, the fictional elephant Dumbo from the Disney movie of the same name was selected to be "Mammal of the Year", and a cover was created showing Dumbo in a formal portrait style. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 pre-empted the cover. The U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt was named Man of the Year for a record third time, although Dumbo's Mammal of the Year profile still appeared on the inside pages of the magazine.[11]

text: Film-maker Michael Moore claims that director Mel Gibson cost him the opportunity to be Person of the Year alongside Gibson in 2004. Moore's controversial political documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 became the highest-grossing documentary of all time the same year Gibson's The Passion of the Christ became a box-office success and also caused significant controversy. Moore said in an interview "I got a call right after the '04 election from an editor from Time Magazine. He said,' Time Magazine has picked you and Mel Gibson to be Time's Person of the Year to put on the cover, Right and Left, Mel and Mike. The only thing you have to do is pose for a picture with each other. And do an interview together.' I said 'OK.' They call Mel up, he agrees. They set the date and time in LA. I'm to fly there. He's flying from Australia. Something happens when he gets home... Next thing, Mel calls up and says, 'I'm not doing it. I've thought it over and it is not the right thing to do.' So they put Bush on the cover."[12]

text: On November 24, 2017, U.S. president Donald Trump posted on the social media network Twitter that Time editors had told him he would "probably" be named Person of the Year for a second time, conditional on an interview and photo shoot which he had refused. Time denied that that they had made any such promises or conditions to Trump, who was named a runner-up.[13]

text: Online poll[edit]

text: Time magazine also holds an online poll for the readers to vote for who they believe to be the Person of the Year. While many mistakenly believe the winner of the poll to be the Person of the Year, the title, as mentioned above, is decided by the editors of Time. In the first online poll held in 1998, wrestler and activist Mick Foley won with over 50% of the votes.[14][15] Foley was removed from the poll, and the title was given to Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, which led to outrage from the fans of Foley who mistakenly believed the winner of the poll would be the winner of the title. In 2006, the poll winner by a wide margin was Hugo Chávez, with 35% of the votes. The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, came in second. Time again ignored those results, not mentioning them in the announcement of the Person of the Year.[16] Time continues to annually run an online poll for the "People's Choice", but stresses the decision on whom the magazine recognizes is not made by the poll, but by the magazine's editors.[17]

text: Persons of the Year[edit]

text:
Year
Image
Choice
Lifetime
Notes
Runners-up

1927

Lindbergh, CharlesCharles Lindbergh
1902–1974
In 1927, Lindbergh became the first person to fly a plane solo non-stop across the Atlantic, from New York to Paris.

1928

Chrysler, WalterWalter Chrysler
1875–1940
In 1928, Chrysler oversaw a merger of his Chrysler Corporation with Dodge before beginning work on the Chrysler Building.

1929

Young, Owen D.Owen D. Young
1874–1962
Young chaired a committee which authored 1929's Young Plan, a program for settlement of German reparations after World War I.

1930

Gandhi, MahatmaMahatma Gandhi
1869–1948
Gandhi was the leader of the India's independence movement. In 1930, he led the Salt Satyagraha, a 240-mile march to protest the imposition of taxes on salt by the British Raj.

1931

Laval, PierrePierre Laval
1883–1945
Laval was first elected Prime Minister of France in 1931. Laval was popular in the American press at the time for opposing the Hoover Moratorium, a temporary freeze on World War I debt payments that was disliked in both France and the US.[18]

1932

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
1882–1945
Roosevelt won the 1932 US Presidential election by a landslide, defeating the incumbent, Herbert Hoover.

1933

Johnson, Hugh S.Hugh S. Johnson
1882–1942
In 1933, Johnson was appointed director of the National Recovery Administration, tasked by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to bring industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices.

1934

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt (2)
1882–1945
Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. In 1934, Roosevelt's New Deal reforms were beginning to bear fruit.

1935

Selassie, HaileHaile Selassie
1892–1975
Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia in 1935, when Italian forces invaded Ethiopia, starting the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.

1936

Simpson, WallisWallis Simpson
1896–1986
In 1936, Simpson's relationship with King Edward VIII led the king to abdicate his throne in order to marry her.

1937

Kai-shek, ChiangChiang Kai-shek
1887–1975
Chiang was Premier of the Republic of China at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.

Mei-ling, SoongSoong Mei-ling
1898–2003
Soong was wife of Chiang Kai-shek from 1927 until his death in 1975. Addressed as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek by the magazine, she was recognized together with her husband as "Man & Wife of the Year".[5]

1938

Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler
1889–1945
As German Chancellor, Hitler oversaw the unification of Germany with Austria and the Sudetenland in 1938, after the Anschluss and Munich Agreement respectively.

1939

Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin
1878–1953
In 1939, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and de facto leader of the Soviet Union. He oversaw the signing of a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany before invading eastern Poland.

1940

Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill
1874–1965
Churchill was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1940 Dunkirk evacuation and the Battle of Britain.

1941

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt (3)
1882–1945
Roosevelt was President of the United States in 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, declaration of war against Japan and resulting entry of the United States into World War II. The editors had already chosen Dumbo as their "Mammal of the Year" before the Pearl Harbor attack, but quickly changed it to Roosevelt.[11]

1942

Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin (2)
1878–1953
By 1942, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier of the Soviet Union, overseeing the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943).

1943

Marshall, GeorgeGeorge Marshall
1880–1959
As United States Army Chief of Staff in 1943, General Marshall was instrumental in organizing US actions in World War II.

1944

Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower
1890–1969
General Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during 1944's Operation Overlord.

1945

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
1884–1972
Truman became President of the United States after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, authorizing the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1946

Byrnes, James F.James F. Byrnes
1879–1972
In 1946, Byrnes was United States Secretary of State during the Iran crisis of 1946, taking an increasingly hardline position in opposition to Stalin. His speech, "Restatement of Policy on Germany", set the tone of future US policy, repudiating the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and giving Germans hope for the future.

1947

Marshall, GeorgeGeorge Marshall (2)
1880–1959
Appointed United States Secretary of State in 1947, Marshall was the architect of the Marshall Plan.

1948

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman (2)
1884–1972
Truman was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1948, considered to be one of the greatest election upsets in American history.[19][20][21]

1949

Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill (2)
1874–1965
Proclaimed as the "Man of the half-century", Churchill had led Britain and the Allies to victory in WWII. In 1949, Churchill was Leader of the Opposition.

1950

American fighting !The American fighting-man

Representing U.S. troops involved in the Korean War (1950–1953).

1951

Mossadegh, MohammadMohammad Mossadegh
1882–1967
In 1951, Mossadegh was elected as Prime Minister of Iran and expelled western oil companies, starting the Abadan Crisis

1952

Elizabeth !Elizabeth II
Born in 1926
In 1952, Elizabeth acceded to the throne of the United Kingdom[a] upon the death of her father, King George VI

1953

Adenauer, KonradKonrad Adenauer
1876–1967
In 1953, Adenauer was re-elected as Chancellor of West Germany.

1954

Dulles, John FosterJohn Foster Dulles
1888–1959
As United States Secretary of State in 1954, Dulles was architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

1955

Curtice, HarlowHarlow Curtice
1893–1962
Curtice was President of General Motors (GM) from 1953 to 1958. In 1955, GM sold five million vehicles and became the first corporation to earn US$1 billion in a single year.[22]

1956

Hungarian !The Hungarian freedom fighter

Representing Hungarian revolutionaries involved in the failed 1956 uprising.

1957

Khrushchev, NikitaNikita Khrushchev
1894–1971
In 1957, Khrushchev consolidated his leadership of the Soviet Union, surviving a plot to dismiss him by members of the Presidium, and leading the Soviet Union into the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1.

1958

de Gaulle, CharlesCharles de Gaulle
1890–1970
De Gaulle was appointed Prime Minister of France in May 1958 and, following the collapse of the Fourth Republic and establishment of the Fifth Republic, was then elected President of France in December.

1959

Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower (2)
1890–1969
Eisenhower was President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

1960

Us Scientists !U.S. Scientists

Represented by George Beadle, Charles Draper, John Enders, Donald A. Glaser, Joshua Lederberg, Willard Libby, Linus Pauling, Edward Purcell, Isidor Rabi, Emilio Segrè, William Shockley, Edward Teller, Charles Townes, James Van Allen and Robert Woodward.

1961

Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy
1917–1963
Kennedy was inaugurated as President of the United States in 1961, ordering the failed invasion of Cuba by U.S.-trained Cuban exiles.

1962

John XXIII, PopePope John XXIII
1881–1963
John XXIII was head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963. In 1962, he volunteered as a mediator in the Cuban Missile Crisis, gaining praise from both sides. He also initiated the Second Vatican Council that same year.

1963

King Jr., Martin LutherMartin Luther King Jr.
1929–1968
A leader of the Civil Rights Movement, King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.

1964

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
1908–1973
Johnson was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1964, before securing the passage of the Civil Rights Act, declaring a War on Poverty and escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

1965

Westmoreland, WilliamWilliam Westmoreland
1914–2005
General Westmoreland was commander of U.S. forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

1966

Inheritor !The Inheritor

Representing a generation of American men and women, aged 25 and under.

1967

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson (2)
1908–1973
Johnson was President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.

1968

Apollo !The Apollo 8 astronauts

In 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 (William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell) became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, orbiting the Moon and paving the way for the first manned Moon landings in 1969.

1969

Middle America !The Middle Americans

Also referred to as the silent majority.[23]

1970

Brandt, WillyWilly Brandt
1913–1992
As Chancellor of West Germany, Brandt was acknowledged for "seeking to bring about a fresh relationship between East and West" through his "bold approach to the Soviet Union and the East Bloc".[24]

1971

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
1913–1994
Nixon was President of the United States from 1969 to 1974.

1972

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon (2)
1913–1994
As President of the United States, Nixon visited China in 1972, the first U.S. President to do so. Nixon later secured the SALT I pact with the Soviet Union before being re-elected in one of the largest landslide election victories in American history

Kissinger, HenryHenry Kissinger
Born in 1923
Kissinger, as Nixon's National Security Advisor, travelled with the President to China in 1972.

1973

Sirica, JohnJohn Sirica
1904–1992
In 1973, as Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Sirica ordered President Nixon to turn over Watergate-related recordings of White House conversations.

1974

Faisal !King Faisal
1906–1975
Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, was acknowledged in the wake of the oil crisis of 1973–1974, caused by Saudi Arabia withdrawing its oil from world markets in protest at Western support for Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.

1975

American women !American women

Represented by Susan Brownmiller, Kathleen Byerly, Alison Cheek, Jill Conway, Betty Ford, Ella Grasso, Carla Hills, Barbara Jordan, Billie Jean King, Carol Sutton, Susie Sharp, and Addie Wyatt.

1976

Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter
Born in 1924
In 1976, Carter was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent President Gerald Ford.

1977

Sadat, AnwarAnwar Sadat
1918–1981
Sadat, as President of Egypt, traveled to Israel in 1977—the first Arab leader to do so—to discuss normalization of Egypt-Israel relations.

1978

Xiaoping, DengDeng Xiaoping
1904–1997
China's Vice Premier. Deng overthrew Hua Guofeng to assume de facto control over China in 1978, as Paramount Leader.

1979

Khomeini, RuhollahRuhollah Khomeini
1902–1989
Khomeini led the 1979 Iranian Revolution, establishing himself as Supreme Leader.

1980

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
1911–2004
Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980, defeating incumbent President Jimmy Carter.

1981

Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa
Born in 1943
Leader of the Polish Solidarity trade union and architect of the Gdańsk Agreement until his arrest and the imposition of martial law in December 1981.

1982

Computer !The Computer

Denoted "Machine of the Year" to herald the dawn of the Information Age.

1983

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan (2)
1911–2004
In 1983, as President of the United States, Reagan ordered the invasion of Grenada and championed the Strategic Defense Initiative.

Andropov, YuriYuri Andropov
1914–1984
Andropov, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was a strong critic of the Strategic Defense Initiative. Andropov was hospitalized in August 1983 and subsequently died in 1984.

1984

Ueberroth, PeterPeter Ueberroth
Born in 1937
Ueberroth orchestrated the organization of the 1984 Summer Olympics, which involved a Soviet-led boycott.

1985

Xiaoping, DengDeng Xiaoping (2)
1904–1997
As Paramount Leader of China, Deng was acknowledged for "sweeping economic reforms that have challenged Marxist orthodoxies".[25]

1986

Aquino, CorazonCorazon Aquino
1933–2009
Aquino was a prominent figure in 1986's People Power Revolution, being elected President of the Philippines.

1987

Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev
Born in 1931
As General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev oversaw Perestroika political reforms in 1987.

1988

Endangered !The Endangered Earth

Planet of the Year, involving an aspect of Mother Nature.

1989

Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev (2)
Born in 1931
Acknowledged as "Man of the Decade". Gorbachev, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Soviet leader), oversaw 1989's first free Soviet elections before the fragmentation of the Eastern Bloc.

1990

Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
Born in 1924
As President of the United States, Bush oversaw U.S. involvement in the Gulf War (1990–1991).

1991

Turner, TedTed Turner
Born in 1938
Founder of CNN. The piece particularly highlighted CNN's coverage of Operation Desert Storm and the Gulf War, proclaiming it "History as it happens".

1992

Clinton, BillBill Clinton
Born in 1946
Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent President George H. W. Bush.

1993

Peacemakers !The Peacemakers

Represented by Yasser Arafat, F. W. de Klerk, Nelson Mandela, and Yitzhak Rabin.
De Klerk, as State President of South Africa, oversaw Mandela's release from prison in 1990. The pair worked together to end the Apartheid system.
Arafat, as President of the Palestinian National Authority, and Rabin, as Prime Minister of Israel, signed the 1993 Oslo Accord, the first face-to-face agreement between Palestinian and Israeli authorities.

1994

John Paul II, PopePope John Paul II
1920–2005
Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005.

1995

Gingrich, NewtNewt Gingrich
Born in 1943
Leader of the "Republican Revolution", a Republican party election landslide, which led to Gingrich being elected Speaker of the House.

1996

Ho, DavidDavid Ho
Born in 1952
Ho, a scientist, pioneered much AIDS research.

1997

Grove, AndrewAndrew Grove
1936–2016
In 1997, Grove was Chairman and CEO of Intel, recognized as a pioneer in the semiconductor industry.

1998

Clinton, BillBill Clinton (2)
Born in 1946
As President of the United States, Clinton was impeached in 1998 following the Lewinsky scandal. The Senate acquitted him of the charges.

Starr, KenKen Starr
Born in 1946
Starr, a lawyer investigating various figures within the Clinton administration, published his Starr Report in 1998, opening the door for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.

1999

Bezos, JeffJeff Bezos
Born in 1964
Bezos is founder and CEO of Amazon.com.

2000

Bush, George W.George W. Bush
Born in 1946
In 2000, Bush was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent Vice President Al Gore.

2001

Giuliani, RudyRudy Giuliani
Born in 1944
Giuliani was Mayor of New York City at the time of the September 11 attacks in 2001, was selected as a symbol of America's response to the attacks.

2002

Whistleblowers !The Whistleblowers

Represented by Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley and Sherron Watkins.
In 2001, Watkins uncovered accounting irregularities in the financial reports of Enron, testifying before Congressional committees the following year. In 2002, Cooper exposed a $3.8 billion fraud at WorldCom. At the time, this was the largest incident of accounting fraud in U.S. history. In 2002, Rowley, an FBI agent, gave testimony about the FBI's mishandling of information related to the September 11 attacks of 2001.

2003

American soldier !The American soldier (2)

Representing U.S. forces around the world, especially in the Iraq War (2003–2011).

2004

Bush, George W.George W. Bush (2)
Born in 1946
In 2004, Bush was re-elected President of the United States, overseeing U.S. involvement in the Iraq War.

2005

Good Samaritans !The Good Samaritans

Represented by Bono, Bill Gates and Melinda Gates.
Bono, philanthropist and member of the rock band U2, helped to organise the 2005 Live 8 concerts. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and richest person in the world, and his wife Melinda, founded the philanthropic Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

2006

You !You[10]

Representing individual content creators on the World Wide Web.

4 runners-up[show]

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Hu Jintao
Kim Jong-il
James Baker
[26]

2007

Putin, VladimirVladimir Putin[27]
Born in 1952
In 2007, Putin was serving as President of Russia.

4 runners-up[show]

Al Gore
J. K. Rowling
Hu Jintao
David Petraeus
[28]

2008

Obama, BarackBarack Obama[29]
Born in 1961
In 2008, Obama was elected President of the United States, defeating John McCain.

4 runners-up[show]

Henry Paulson
Nicolas Sarkozy
Sarah Palin
Zhang Yimou
[30]

2009

Bernanke, BenBen Bernanke[31]
Born in 1953
Chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Financial crisis of 2007–08.

4 runners-up[show]

Stanley McChrystal
The Chinese Worker
Nancy Pelosi
Usain Bolt
[32]

2010

Zuckerberg, MarkMark Zuckerberg[33]
Born in 1984
Founder of social-networking website Facebook.

4 runners-up[show]

The Tea Party
Hamid Karzai
Julian Assange
The Chilean Miners
[34]

2011

Protester !The Protester[35]

Representing many global protest movements — for example, the Arab Spring, the Indignants Movement, the Occupy Movement and the Tea Party movement — as well as protests in Chile, Greece, India and Russia among others.

4 runners-up[show]

William McRaven
Ai Weiwei
Paul Ryan
Kate Middleton
[36]

2012

Obama, BarackBarack Obama (2)[37]
Born in 1961
In 2012, Obama was re-elected President of the United States, defeating Mitt Romney.

8 runners-up[show]

Marissa Mayer
Mohammed Morsi
Undocumented Americans
Bill and Hillary Clinton
Malala Yousafzai
Tim Cook
The Higgs boson
Fabiola Gianotti
[38]

2013

Francis, PopePope Francis[39]
Born in 1936
Elected head of the Roman Catholic Church in 2013, following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI.

9 runners-up[show]

Bashar Assad
Jeff Bezos
Ted Cruz
Miley Cyrus
Barack Obama
Hassan Rouhani
Kathleen Sebelius
Edward Snowden
Edith Windsor
[40]

2014

Ebola !Ebola fighters[41]

"Ebola fighters" refers to health care workers who helped stop the spread of Ebola virus disease during the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, including not only doctors and nurses, but also ambulance attendants, burial parties and others.[42]
Represented on the covers by Dr. Jerry Brown, the medical director at the Eternal Love Winning Africa Hospital in Monrovia, Liberia,[43][44] Dr. Kent Brantly, a physician with Samaritan's Purse and the first American to be infected in the 2014 outbreak,[44][45] Ella Watson-Stryker, a health promoter for Doctors Without Borders who is originally from the United States,[44][46] Foday Gallah, an ambulance supervisor and Ebola survivor from Monrovia, Liberia,[44][47] and Salome Karwah, a trainee nurse and counselor from Liberia whose parents died of Ebola,[44][48] as well as others mentioned in the article itself, such as Dr. Pardis Sabeti from the Broad Institute.

7 runners-up[show]

The Ferguson protesters
Vladimir Putin
Taylor Swift
Jack Ma
Tim Cook
Masoud Barzani
Roger Goodell
[49]

2015

Merkel, AngelaAngela Merkel
Born in 1954
Chancellor of Germany since 2005, recognized for leadership in the Greek debt crisis and European migrant crisis.[50]

7 runners-up[show]

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Black Lives Matter activists
Caitlyn Jenner
Travis Kalanick
Vladimir Putin
Hassan Rouhani
Donald Trump
[51]

2016

Trump, DonaldDonald Trump
Born in 1946
In 2016, Trump was elected President of the United States, defeating Hillary Clinton.

10 runners-up[show]

Simone Biles
Hillary Clinton
CRISPR scientists
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Nigel Farage
The Flint Whistleblowers
Beyoncé Knowles
Narendra Modi
Vladimir Putin
Mark Zuckerberg
[52]

2017

Silence Breakers !The Silence Breakers

The people who spoke out against sexual abuse and harassment, including the figureheads of the Me Too movement. Represented on the cover by strawberry picker Isabel Pascual (pseudonym), lobbyist Adama Iwu, actress Ashley Judd, software engineer Susan Fowler, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, and a sixth woman, a hospital worker who wished to remain anonymous and whose face cannot be seen. The feature also specifically spotlights, in order, actress Alyssa Milano, activist Tarana Burke, actress Selma Blair, the seven plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the Plaza Hotel, politician Sara Gelser, entrepreneur Lindsay Meyer, dishwasher Sandra Pezqueda, actress Rose McGowan, psychotherapist and writer Wendy Walsh, blogger Lindsey Reynolds, housekeeper Juana Melara, journalist Sandra Muller, actor Terry Crews, University of Rochester professors Celeste Kidd and Jessica Cantlon, journalist Megyn Kelly, journalist Jane Merrick, producer Zelda Perkins, European Parliament member Terry Reintke, charity worker Bex Bailey, art curator Amanda Schmitt, filmmaker Blaise Godbe Lipman, and an anonymous former office assistant. [53][54]

6 runners-up[show]

Donald Trump[b]
Xi Jinping
Robert Mueller
Kim Jong-un
Colin Kaepernick
Patty Jenkins
[56]