document_title: List of The Little Mermaid characters

question_text: what is the name of the prince in the little mermaid

question_tokens: what is the name of the prince in the little mermaid

text: List of The Little Mermaid characters

text: The Little Mermaid[edit]

text: Ariel[edit]

text: Ariel is the title character of the franchise, save the second film in which she is a secondary character. Ariel is voiced by Jodi Benson and designed by Glen Keane. Ariel is the seventh-born and the youngest daughter of king Triton and queen Athena of the merfolk, and over the course of the original film becomes human and marries Eric, a human prince. She is the only Disney Princess to reach parenthood in Disney's animated film canon.

text: Eric[edit]

text:
Eric

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements and John Musker (adaptation)

Portrayed by
Gil McKinney (Once Upon a Time)

Voiced by
C.D. Barnes (1989 film and Kingdom Hearts II)
Jeff Bennett (TV series)
Rob Paulsen (The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea)

Information

Aliases
Prince Eric
King Eric

Nationality
Danish

text: Eric is based on the "prince" character of Hans Christian Andersen's story "The Little Mermaid" but adapted by the writer-directors Ron Clements and John Musker for the film adaptation. According to the film's official novelization, Eric had just turned 18 in the film, which would make him two years older than Ariel.[1] Eric is voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes in the original film and Kingdom Hearts II, by Jeff Bennett in the prequel television series, and by Rob Paulsen in the direct-to-video sequel. For the original film, Joshua Finkel acted opposite Sherri Stoner as Ariel in providing live-action references for the animators. Prince Eric is the only prince in the "Disney Princess" franchise that does not sing in the original movie.

text: Eric is a human prince who is rescued by Ariel when he almost drowns in a storm at sea. Ariel drags him to shore and sings to him, but before he can fully regain consciousness, Max and his servant Grimsby arrive, forcing Ariel to dive underwater. Eric is haunted by Ariel's voice, and searches the kingdom for her to no avail. When he crosses paths with Ariel again, she has traded her voice for legs, and though he initially finds her familiar, her lack of a voice makes him think that she cannot be the girl who rescued him. However, he brings her back to his palace and they spend time together. Eric develops feelings for Ariel, but before he can approach her about them, Ursula, disguised as a human girl named Vanessa, arrives and magically hypnotizes Eric into forgetting about Ariel and believing that she Vanessa is the one who saved his life. Eric almost marries Vanessa, but Ariel and her friends intervene, breaking Ursula's spell and restoring Ariel's voice to her. Eric realizes that Ariel is the girl he has been looking for, but before they can kiss, the sun sets and Ursula claims Ariel. Eric goes after them, diving into the sea to help Ariel. In the battle that follows, Eric climbs on to a ship and charges it towards Ursula, plunging the splintered prow into her belly. Eric manages to reach the shore, and when he wakes, he sees Ariel, transformed back into a human, and the two embrace. The film ends with their wedding.

text: Eric makes cameo appearances in three episodes of the prequel television series: Thingamajigger (a non-speaking appearance) Scuttle and Ariel's Treasures.

text: In the 2000 direct-to-video sequel, Eric is a supporting character. Although he and Ariel are happily married, they are threatened by the sea witch Morgana, who wishes to avenge her dead sister, Ursula. He and Ariel decide to keep raise their daughter Melody away from the sea, and keeping her merfolk heritage secret.

text: In the 2007 Broadway musical, the role of Eric was originated by Sean Palmer. It is explained through dialogue that Eric's father has died, and it is Grimsby's duty to help Eric find a bride so he can return to the throne properly, despite Eric's affinity for exploring the seas. Eric contributes singing vocals to the opening song "Fathoms Below", and performs two solo songs: "Her Voice", a song about Eric's obsession with Ariel's voice that had been written for the original film but discarded, and "One Step Closer", a new song where Eric helps Ariel express herself through dance. Eric also provides vocals in the quartet "If Only", where he expresses confusion over his attraction to Ariel, and his fear that if he finds the girl with the right voice, he might lose Ariel. A new subplot in the stage musical is a singing competition where the eligible princesses in all the land are invited to sing for Eric. The princesses perform in the song "The Contest", which is set to the tune of Ariel's song "Part of Your World". At the end of the performance, Ariel dances for Eric, and he chooses her. The role was also performed by Drew Seeley.

text: Prince Eric appears in season three of the ABC series Once Upon A Time, where is played by actor Gil McKinney. He first appears in the episode "Ariel" in which he was rescued by Ariel from drowning, and Ariel has used her once-in-a-year ability to gain legs to see him at his ball. Eric is enchanted by Ariel at the ball, commenting that she appears familiar to him. Eric invites Ariel to join him on an expedition around the world which is leaving the following morning. He waits for her as long as he is able, but she doesn't come to him due to events beyond her control. It is later revealed that Eric was transported to the town of Storybrooke after The Evil Queen/Regina Mills cast a curse over his land. Ariel, who now has the ability to become human whenever she wants, later finds Eric working as a fisherman in Storybrooke and the two of them reunite.

text: Sebastian[edit]

text: Sebastian is a red Jamaican crab and a servant of king Triton, and also his main musical composer. His main song is "Under The Sea". He is voiced by Samuel E. Wright.

text: Flounder[edit]

text:
Flounder

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Ron Clements & John Musker

Voiced by
Jason Marin (1989 film & Sebastian From The Little Mermaid album)
Edan Gross (TV series; Season 1)
Bradley Pierce (TV series; Seasons 2–3)
Cam Clarke (sequel)
Anthony Skillman (Disney Princess: Enchanted Journey)
Parker Goris (prequel film, Kingdom Hearts series)

text: Flounder is a bright yellow and blue colored tropical fish (despite the name, he is not a flounder) and Ariel's best friend, voiced by Jason Marin in the 1989 film, who also provided vocals in-character for the tie-in music album Sebastian From The Little Mermaid. Flounder scares easily, and is prone to panicking under stressful situations like a single shark breaching the sunken ship, but when Ariel is in trouble, he comes through for her without hesitation. In the film he is the only character to give unconditional support for Ariel's fascination with human things, and at one point gives Ariel a statue of Eric as a gift.

text: Flounder appears in all the episodes of the prequel television series, sharing constant adventures with Ariel and in the episode "The Evil Manta", shown how he first met Ariel when they were children. According to the television series, Flounder's real name is "Guppy Number 35". In the series, he is voiced by Edan Gross and Bradley Pierce.

text: Flounder also appears in Jim Henson's Little Mermaid's Island where he has a twin sister named Sandy and is voiced by Veronica Taylor.

text: Flounder has a small role in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, where he is reunited with a grown-up Ariel and takes part in the search for Ariel and Eric's daughter Melody. He grew up and became a father himself, with five children of his own and he first meets Melody in Morgana's lair. In this film, he is voiced by Cam Clarke.

text: He has a larger role in The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, which shows an alternate version of how he first meets Ariel and later unknowingly leads her to the Catfish Club. His characterization is notably different in this movie; he does not scare as easily and is much more carefree and high-spirited. He performs beatboxing that kicks off a reprise of "Jump In The Line (Shake, Senora)" when he, Ariel, Sebastian and the Catfish Club Band are on the run from Atlantica. In this film, he is voiced by Parker Goris.

text: Flounder appears in the Kingdom Hearts series, where his role as Ariel's friend remains. His biggest role in the series is in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, where Ursula kidnapped him to force Ariel to give her the trident. He also sings his part in the song called "A New Day is Dawning". He also appears in Disney Princess: Enchanted Journey as Ariel's sidekick and is voiced by Anthony Skillman. He is also a remote-controlled playable character in the same game seen holding a big conch shell on his head with your help to catch the voice orbs.

text: At the Disney theme parks, Flounder makes cameo appearances in the Mickey's Philharmagic 3D show and in the Hong Kong Disneyland version of "It's a Small World". He has also appeared in the parks as a walk-around character, but mostly in parades, shows and special events such as "Mickey's Pirate & Princess Party".

text: Flounder appears in the stage adaptation of The Little Mermaid. His supporting role is similar as in the film, but he does not give Ariel the statue of Eric, and does not help Ariel reach Eric's wedding barge, as the Vanessa subplot has been removed. However, Flounder performs a new song titled "She's in Love", which he sings with Ariel's sisters when they notice that Ariel has been acting "fishy lately". The stage role was originated by Cody Hanford and J.J. Singleton, but the two actors had to leave the show when their height overshot that of Sierra Boggess, who originated Ariel. The role was taken over by Trevor Braun and Brian D'Addario. On the Original Broadway Cast Recording, Brian D'Addario performs as Flounder.

text: Scuttle[edit]

text:
Scuttle

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Ron Clements and John Musker

Voiced by
Buddy Hackett (film, sequel & The Little Mermaid: Songs from the Sea)
Maurice LaMarche (all other appearances except ride)
Chris Edgerly (The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure)

text: Scuttle (scully) is a seagull and friend of Ariel, voiced by Buddy Hackett in the 1989 film and 2000 sequel. He appears as an expert on human objects with whom Ariel consults about items she salvages, though his identifications consist of nonsense. He wrongly names a fork a "dinglehopper" and says that it is used as a comb, and a smoking pipe a "snarfblatt" while claiming it works like a trumpet. Despite his erroneous information on human things, Scuttle provides support and advice when he learns that Ariel has to win Eric's heart in three days. On the third day, Scuttle is the one who discovers that Vanessa, the woman Eric has decided to marry instead, is actually Ursula. He immediately tells Ariel this information, and helps stall the wedding with help from other marine creatures so to allow Ariel to arrive and confront Eric (as well as smashing Ursula's shell that held Ariel's voice, thus restoring it and freeing Eric from Ursula's spell).

text: Scuttle appears in a small role in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, where he helps Ariel find her daughter Melody, who has run away.

text: Scuttle appears in two episodes of the third season of the prequel television series in which he is voiced by Maurice LaMarche. The episodes he appears in are "Scuttle", where Ariel, Flounder and Sebastian meet him for the first time (in which he claims his name was originally "Scuttlebutt" but he changed it "for obvious reasons"), and "The Island of Fear". In these episodes, Scuttle's explanation of human things is a mixture of correct and erroneous. Scuttle also made a cameo appearance in an episode of Quack Pack.

text: In The Little Mermaid: Songs from the Sea, Scuttle performs a song called "The Scuttle Strut" on track 3.

text: Scuttle appears in the stage adaptation of the original film, where he sings two songs: "Human Stuff", where he explains the human things Ariel has brought to him, and "Positoovity", where he encourages a now-human Ariel to be positive in achieving her goal of winning Eric. The role is originated by Eddie Korbich. In the stage musical, Scuttle has a group of seagull friends, and together they perform a tap dance during the "Positoovity" number.

text: Scuttle has a non-speaking cameo in The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, appearing when Marina is on a rock at the surface (animated the same way with Ariel when she sings a reprise for "Part of Your World") and is splashed by a wave.

text: Ursula[edit]

text: Ursula appears in the 1989 film. She is voiced by Pat Carroll, who also provides her vocals for all the canonical animated media. Ursula is based on the "sea witch/sorceress" character in Hans Christian Andersen's story "The Little Mermaid".

text: Triton[edit]

text:
Triton

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements & John Musker (adaptation)

Voiced by
Kenneth Mars (1989 film, TV series, sequel, Kingdom Hearts series)
Jim Cummings (prequel film)

Aliases
King Triton
Sea King
Red

text: Triton is the king of Atlantica and Ariel's father. In the Hans Christian Andersen version, the sea king is unnamed. In the first two films, the TV series and the Kingdom Hearts games, he was voiced by Kenneth Mars; in the prequel film, he is voiced by Jim Cummings. According to the film's directors Ron Clements and John Musker, the clashes of personality between him and Ariel is because they are both strong-willed and independent, and it is revealed in the television series that Triton and Ariel are stubborn.[2] Triton wields a powerful trident, which is the source of his supposedly unlimited power. The character is inspired by the son of the Greek sea god Poseidon, although the actual Triton is from Greek mythology and has two finned feet.

text: In The Little Mermaid, Triton is prejudiced towards humans, believing them to be nothing but savage fish eaters, and Ariel's fascination with humans has caused their relationship to become very strained. According to Triton, it is illegal to make contact between humans and merpeople; and he orders his servant, Sebastian, to look after Ariel. When Triton discovers that Ariel saved the life of and has fallen in love with a human, he loses his temper and destroys most of her grotto filled with her collection of human artifacts despite his daughter's objections; this action of his ultimately damages their relationship. Devastated by his recent actions, Triton orders a search for Ariel to apologize, not knowing that she has accepted Ursula's deal and become a human. Triton is distraught over his daughter's disappearance, and when Sebastian arrives with news of Ursula's scheme, Triton goes to Ursula, offering to take his daughter's place. He is transformed into a polyp, but when Ursula is killed by Eric, he is restored to his original form and regains his crown and trident. Realizing that Ariel truly loves Eric and that all his beliefs about humans were completely wrong, Triton willingly transforms his daughter back into a human.

text: Triton is a regular character in the prequel television series, in which he is explicitly called the son of Poseidon. A number of episodes show him getting into conflict with Ariel, but it is always resolved in a positive manner, showing a close relationship between father and daughter. (For example, in the episode Charmed, when Ariel gets a human charm bracelet locked around her wrist, she could not return because Triton would lose his temper again after he destroyed a magnifying glass she discovered earlier. However, after Ariel gets lost, Triton eventually finds her and uses the key to unlock the bracelet and feels apologetic for his actions). In the episode "Red", Triton regresses into a young merboy, reversing the role as Ariel has to worry and take care of him instead. As a young boy, his nickname is Red, for his red hair. Coincidentally, as a boy, Triton himself is fascinated with humans and human objects; complete reversal of his prejudice towards humans as an adult. He sometimes agrees with Ariel in some episodes like "Land of the Dinosaurs", in which he understands that the dinosaurs are good after they have been thawed.

text: Triton appears in the sequel The Little Mermaid II: Return To The Sea, in which he has learned to trust humans and interact with them. His weakness is his love for his granddaughter Melody, which is exploited by Morgana. However, when Triton regains his trident, he traps Morgana in a massive ice cube.

text: In the 2008 direct-to-DVD prequel The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, the prologue shows Triton with his wife Athena. Athena is accidentally crushed to death by a pirate ship, and a distraught Triton bans music from Atlantica and forces everyone to follow a strict daily schedule. Ariel's free-spirited personality causes a strain on their relationship. He eventually comes to realize his mistakes, pardons Sebastian, lifts the ban on music and appoints Sebastian as his court composer. Jim Cummings replaces Kenneth Mars as the voice of King Triton, due to Mars's pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

text: In the stage musical, Triton is Ursula's older brother, and reveals that a reason he is overprotective of Ariel is because she reminds him of her late mother. In this version, Triton and Ursula are equals, and when their father died, they were each given equal share of the sea and one magical item each; Triton received the trident and Ursula received a magic Nautilus shell. When Ursula began to abuse her power, Triton exiled her, though he did not take away her Nautilus shell. The musical contains new songs that were written for his character; "That World Above (reprise)" in which he confronts Ariel in her grotto and destroys it, "If Only (quartet)" in which he expresses regret over his behavior towards Ariel, and "If Only (reprise)" in which he lets Ariel go to be with Eric. The stage role is originated by Norm Lewis.

text: In the Kingdom Hearts series of video games, Triton still plays the role of over-protective father and king of Atlantica. In the first game, his relationship with Ariel becomes strained due to his daughter's desire to see other worlds, and he initially distrusts Sora, Donald and Goofy when they first arrive in Atlantica, having somehow heard of the negative part of the Keyblade legend, but eventually respects Sora when Ursula is defeated and locks the world's keyhole. In Kingdom Hearts II, Triton's relationship with Ariel is strained, this time thanks to Ariel's fascination with the human world. He asks Sora, Donald and Goofy to take part in the music concert with Ariel, but Sora ignores Triton's request and helps Ariel become human to find and fall in love with Eric. He is also part of the song called "A New Day is Dawning". After Ursula is defeated once again, he respectfully bids a final farewell to Sora. He also appears in The Princess and the Frog as a parade float.

text: Ariel's sisters[edit]

text:
Aunt Aquata, Aunt Andrina, Aunt Arista, Aunt Attina, Aunt Adella and Aunt Alana

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements & John Musker (adaptation)

Voiced by
Attina:
Caroline Vasicek (first film)
Kath Soucie (TV episodes)
Christie Houser (Kingdom Hearts II)
Kari Wahlgren (prequel film)
Alana:
Kimmy Robertson (TV episodes and first film)
Jennifer Hale (prequel film)
Adella:
Kimmy Robertson (first film)
Sherry Lynn (TV episodes)
Tara Strong (prequel film)
Aquata:
Caroline Vasicek (first film)
Mona Marshall (TV episodes)
Grey DeLisle (prequel film)
Arista:
Kimmy Robertson (first film)
Mary Kay Bergman (TV episodes)
Grey DeLisle (prequel film)
Andrina:
Kimmy Robertson (first film)
Catherine Cavadini (TV episodes)
Susan Stevens Logan (Kingdom Hearts II)
Tara Strong (prequel film)

Aliases
Mersisters

text: Ariel has six older sisters named Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella and Alana. They are the maternal aunts of Melody and the sisters-in-law of Eric. In the 1989 film, they are voiced by Kimmy Robertson and Caroline Vasicek, and perform the song "Daughters of Triton." Later on in the film, Andrina, Attina, Adella and Aquata make a brief appearance together with Ariel in what appears to be the palace dressing room intended for all the sisters. In that scene, Ariel emerges from behind a curtain of seaweed swimming dreamily and humming a few lines from "Part of Your World". The sisters notice the change in Ariel's conduct and conclude in front of their father that Ariel is in love. All six sisters appear again in the end of the film together with King Triton, smiling and waving to Ariel after she gets married to Eric.

text: In the second film, the sisters play a minor role with only Attina, Andrina, Aquata and Adella having dialogue, and Arista appearing in a non-speaking role.

text: The age order of the sisters is debatable. In the original film, they sing "Daughter of Triton" and announce themselves in this order: Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella, Alana. This had led many to believe that was the proper birth order. Various official Disney media that was released from 1989 onward also used seemed to this as their birth order. [3] The comic "Serpent Teen" stated that Aquata is the eldest and the future ruler, [4] but the comic "Underwater Wedding," clearly stated that Attina was the eldest. The 2008 film The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning also made it clear that Attina was the oldest. Also, the DVD's Vanity Game feature states that the age order is Attina - 21, Alana - 20, Adella - 19, Aquata - 18, Arista - 17, Andrina - 16 and Ariel - 15. However, in the same film, Adella states that she is two years older than Ariel, meaning she would only be 17.

text:
Aquata has a blue tail and a matching seashell bra. She has brown eyes and wears her brown hair in a ponytail with white pearl decorations. In the prequel film she's the fourth-born sister. She has a little pink seahorse doll named Mr. Fuzzyfinkle; she argues with Arista because she steals her things and is hysterical and a very bad dancer. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She is voiced by Caroline Vasicek in the first film, Mona Marshall in the TV series, and Grey DeLisle in the prequel.
Andrina has a purple tail and a magenta seashell bra. She has hazel eyes and wears her blonde hair in a bun topped with a pink shell decoration. In the prequel film she's the sixth-born sister and is a humorous genius who likes jokes and sarcasm. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film, Cathy Cavadini in the TV series, and Tara Strong in the prequel.
Arista has a red tail and a matching seashell bra. She has ice blue eyes and wears her pale blonde hair in a ponytail with dark pink decorations. In the television series, it is revealed that Arista and Ariel have a troublesome relationship and Arista admits she's jealous of Ariel's free spirit and envies her adventures. She is vain, ironical, selfish yet kind and helps her sisters in need. She's also athletic. In the prequel film she's the fifth-born sister and is a ditzy, sweet-natured kleptomaniac who borrows Aquata's personal belongings without permission and argues with her every time. She also has a love of music (possibly because she was named after Arista Records), and quickly masters the trombone when she and her sisters watch Sabastian and his band perform. She is a minor character in the first film and makes a very brief cameo in the second film and is also a minor character in the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film, Mary Kay Bergman in the TV series, and Grey DeLisle in the prequel.
Attina has an orange tail and a matching seashell bra. She has green eyes and wears her light brown hair in an up-do with a thorny orange crown. In the prequel film, Attina is the first-born sister. She's a bookworm and the most clever of her sisters. She's the voice of the conscience and gives advice to her sisters, especially Ariel. Attina has the motherly role of the family and blames herself for her mother's death because her tail fins were stuck in a rock when the pirate ship bore down on the kingdom, and her mother swam out into the open to free her, causing Athena to be crushed by the bow of the ship. She is responsible and loves her sisters and cares for them as their mother. Aside from Ariel herself, she appears to be the sister who was closest to Athena; she even keeps a picture of her mother and father on her vanity and writes in her diary that she wants to be just like her mother when she becomes queen. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Caroline Vasicek in the first film, Kath Soucie in the TV series, and Kari Wahlgren in the prequel.
Adella has a yellow tail and a chartreuse green seashell bra. Apart from Ariel, she's the only sister whose tail doesn't match her shell bra. She has teal eyes and wears her dark brown hair in a ponytail with golden pearl decorations. She is chubby in the TV series, but in the third and original films, she has the same elegant, slim figure as her sisters. In the third film's extra content, she's the third-born sister and is 19; however, she states in the film that she is two years older than Aril-making her 17 and presumably the fifth-born sister. In this film, she is boy crazy who loves to kiss boys and flirts with them. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film, Sherry Lynn in the TV series, and Tara Strong in the prequel.
Alana has a pink tail and a purple seashell bra. She has violet eyes and wears her black hair with a small pink crown. In the prequel film she's the second-born sister and is also the glamorous one who makes her own beauty products. She's a minor character in the first film and TV series (she makes only a cameo appearance in the second film) and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film and TV series, and by Jennifer Hale in the prequel.

text: The sisters appear in the Broadway stage musical version, in which they perform the song "She's in Love" with Flounder to describe Ariel's new behavior after saving Eric. The sisters also make in-character appearances on the music albums "Songs from the Sea".

text: Flotsam and Jetsam[edit]

text:
Flotsam and Jetsam

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements & John Musker (film adaptation)

Voiced by
Paddi Edwards (original)
Corey Burton (Kingdom Hearts series and Disney parks)

text: Flotsam and Jetsam are Ursula's green moray eel onions, voiced by Paddi Edwards in the 1989 film. They do Ursula's bidding and act as her spies, keeping their eye on the events unfolding in and around Atlantica. They are tasked with following Ariel and reporting her actions back to Ursula. They eventually manipulate Ariel into visiting Ursula in order to gain human legs. They are ultimately killed in the film's climax when Ursula accidentally destroys them with King Triton's trident after Ariel sabotages Ursula's attempt to kill Eric. Out of remorse for killing her minions, Ursula mourns for them before turning her rage towards Ariel and Eric.

text: Flotsam and Jetsam appear in the prequel television series alongside Ursula. They also appear in the Broadway stage musical, where the roles were originated by Tyler Maynard and Derrick Baskin.

text: Grimsby[edit]

text:
Grimsby

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)

Voiced by
Ben Wright (1989 film
Brian Cummings (TV series)
Kay E. Kuter (The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea)

Information

Aliases
Grim

Nationality
Danish

text: Grimsby is Eric's manservant and confidant. He is voiced by Ben Wright in the original film. In the opening scene, Grimsby is shown as not having the stomach for the sea, and dismisses the sailors' stories about merpeople living under the sea. Through dialogue, Grimsby reveals that he worries for Eric, and has been hoping that the prince will settle down with the right girl. For Eric's birthday, Grimsby presents a statue he had commissioned of Eric in a dramatic pose. Though Eric and Max disapprove of the statue, Grimsby is proud of it. Later, when Ariel has become human, Grimsby grows fond of her and encourages Eric to give up his dream girl for one "of flesh and blood".

text: Grimsby appears briefly in the sequel, in which he is voiced by Kay E. Kuter.

text: In the 2007 stage musical adaptation, Grimsby says that the reason he wants Eric to marry is because he (Grimsby) had made a promise to Eric's late father to ensure it. Though Grimsby is reluctant to believe Eric's story of being saved from drowning by a girl, he comes up with the idea of holding a contest in which the princesses of the land are to sing for Eric, in the hopes that one of them will be the right girl. In the stage musical, the role is originated by Jonathan Freeman.

text: Max[edit]

text: Max is an Old English Sheepdog and Eric's pet. Unlike all the other animals in the film, Max is minimally anthropomorphic and does not speak in the human language. Max's barking and growling is provided by Frank Welker throughout his animated incarnations.

text: During Eric's birthday celebration, Max catches Ariel's scent and tracks her down, licking her on the cheek in an apparent show of affection. When the ship catches fire, the sailors escape safely, but Max is left behind. Seeing this, Eric dives out of his lifeboat and climbs back on board, grabbing Max and tossing him to safety. Later, when Eric is brought to shore safely by Ariel, Max smells out his master and rushes out to greet him. Max is also able to smell Ariel who is hidden off-shore behind rocks, but Eric does not understand his barking. After Ariel has made her deal with Ursula and is brought to shore as a human, Max leads Eric to her, recognizing her as the same person, though Eric cannot. Eventually, Ursula herself appears in the guise of a human girl named Vanessa to distract Eric from kissing Ariel before the third day is up, but Max is the only character in the human world who can fully see Vanessa for who she really is and is seen growling furiously at her, and during her and Eric's wedding, she kicks him directly in the face. When Scuttle and the sea animals try to stop the wedding, Max assists and gets his revenge by biting her in her rear end, giving Scuttle the leverage to break the conch shell containing Ariel's voice. At Eric and Ariel's wedding, Max gives affection licks on their faces.

text: Max makes a few brief appearances in the prequel television series and the direct-to-video sequel, and is the only named character of the original film (other than Vanessa) who does not appear in the 2007 stage musical.

text: Louie[edit]

text: Louie is the chef in Eric's castle, voiced by René Auberjonois. His accent implies that he is French, and he performs the song "Les Poissons" in which he happily cooks seafood in the castle kitchen. According to dialogue by Carlotta the house maid, Louie's specialty is stuffed crab. This puts him at odds with Sebastian, who accidentally ends up in his kitchen and frantically tries to get away from him. This rivalry is extended to the wedding in the finale, where the chef again chases Sebastian in an attempt to cut him up. Sebastian defeats him by knocking him out with a wooden plank shattering his teeth. The rivalry is shown again in the sequel The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, with no change between the two.

text: He also stars in one of the episodes of Disney's Marsupilami and Raw Toonage as a noise hating hotel guest with his victim, Sebastian as the hotel manager. Louie also makes an appearance in the episode "Ariel's Treasures" where he accidentally steps on a whisk called a "whirly twirly" by Ariel and it slips into the water when he is making recipes.

text: In the 2007 stage musical, Louie is head of a group of chefs that work in Eric's castle. He performs the song "Les Poissons". A reprise is performed by Louie and all the other chefs as they present their fish masterpieces to Ariel, Eric and Grimsby.

text: Carlotta[edit]

text: Carlotta works in Eric's castle in a role suggested to be similar to a housekeeper, though it is not stated outright. She reappears in the sequel, apparently continuing her role after Eric and Ariel are married and have a daughter of their own. She is voiced by Edie McClurg.

text: In the 2007 stage musical, Carlotta develops an affectionate maternal relationship with Ariel, whom she grows fond of. Carlotta sings in the musical number "Beyond My Wildest Dreams", where Carlotta berates the other servants who gossip about Ariel. Near the end of the musical there is a contest where the princesses of the land are to sing for Eric, in the hope that one of them will have the voice of the girl who saved his life. Carlotta is the one who encourages Ariel to step forward and dance for him in order to show her love for him.

text: Television series[edit]

text: Urchin[edit]

text: Urchin is an orphaned merboy with an olive-green tail and is one of the main characters of the prequel television series, in which he is a close friend of Ariel, Sebastian and Flounder, and often goes on adventures with them. He is voiced by Danny Cooksey.

text: Urchin first appears in the fourth episode of the series, "Urchin". In it, Urchin is seen to be an orphan who lives by himself and wants badly to have friends. He is approached by small-time villains Lobster Mobster and Da Shrimp, who bring him into their gang and use him to steal food for them. Urchin manages to steal food from the palace, but in doing so is confronted by Ariel. Ariel tries to befriend Urchin, who at first rebuffs her. Urchin shows his true colors when he helps Ariel escape after she is kidnapped by Lobster Mobster and Da Shrimp. He even stops Crab Louie from stealing from the royal treasury. This earns him a kiss from Ariel. A friendship is forged when Urchin follows Ariel's advice and apologises to King Triton for his behavior. In the episode "Trident True", Urchin plays pranks on Ariel's sisters Arista, Attina and Adella and buys a Father's Day present for King Triton, implying his closeness with the royal family, and Ariel's sisters admit that they look on him as their own little brother.

text: Gabriella[edit]

text: Gabriella is one of Ariel's friends. She is a deaf mermaid with a pink tail and matching shells who communicates with sign language. She appears in two episodes: "Wish Upon A Starfish" and "Ariel's Treasures".

text: In her first appearance, before she meets Ariel, she sees her singing the first part of a song called "Daring To Dance" and sees her twirling about a music box with a figure of a ballerina on top of it. Ariel stops abruptly upon seeing her, but Gabriella encourages her to continue. She wishes to be able to sing as beautifully as Ariel, and she identifies with Ariel's desire to dance. She decides to journey with Ariel to visit the Magical Wishing Starfish, passing through many dangers along the way. She is saddened when the Magical Wishing Starfish proves to be a fraud, but Ariel reassures her that she can express her feelings just as well through sign language. She joins Ariel in the second part of "Daring to Dance". In her second appearance, she returns to Atlantica for a visit. She and Ariel gush over Ariel's new additions to her collection of human objects, as well as the music box that Ariel found when they first met. Unbeknownst to either of them, Ursula has launched another scheme to take over Atlantica, this time casting a spell that causes Ariel's treasures to come to life and terrorize people. She is confused and shocked when the treasures come alive, but she works with Ariel to break Ursula's spell.

text: Ollie[edit]

text: Ollie is a blue vocal octopus who appears in two episodes: "Wish Upon A Starfish" and "Ariel's Treasures". He is the close friend and interpreter of Gabriella, a mute mermaid. He has spots on the sides of his head and a patch on his left eye. In his first appearance, he is shown with Gabriella, watching Ariel sing. After Ariel notices them, he explains Gabriella's disability and introduces himself. He is also the one to tell the tale of the Magical Wishing Starfish, and he accompanies them along the way. In his second appearance, he is visiting Atlantica with Gabriella and helps her stop Ursula's plot to take over the kingdom. He is voiced by Gabriel Damon.

text: Pearl[edit]

text: Pearl is a fun-loving mermaid with a blue tail and matching shells who is familiar with Ariel and Alana. She is blonde, with a blue tail and blue, ruffle-edged shells. She makes her first appearance in episode "Red" at a party held by Ariel, arriving with a crowd of friends on "squid-cycles". She is apparently very popular and seems friendly, if a bit snobbish. She comments that the party is a bit dull, and Ariel requests that the live band play louder, against her father's instructions. She leaves with the other guests when Triton puts a halt to the party.

text: In her second appearance in episode "Eel-ectric City", she shows up at the palace to pick up Alana, who has been invited to a party at her house. Ariel is shocked and impressed when Pearl comments that her parents allow her to do as she pleases, and is invited to join them. As they are leaving, Pearl spies Triton's new chariot and coerces Ariel into driving the three mermaids in it while she gives directions. After a few minutes, Alana notes that they are not heading for Pearl's house; they are instead going to Eel-ectric City, a party town reminiscent of Las Vegas, where Pearl is going to meet a few friends. They arrive and are having a fairly good time until a gang known as the "Orange Roughies" shows up. Pearl taunts them, then challenges them to a chariot race. Ariel and Alana try to reason with Pearl, but she wants to see the race through to the end. They start the race, but quickly lose control of the chariot in the rush of the current. It is only Ariel's quick thinking and the timely appearance of Triton that saves them. Pearl is shocked that her parents bothered coming, but happy that they cared about her. Her mother states that she will be keeping a closer eye on her daughter from now on.

text: She is voiced by Cree Summer.

text: Spot[edit]

text: Spot is a fun loving orca calf whose name is based on a single white spot which is birthmarked on his tail. In the episode called "Whale Of A Tale", when the human poachers get nearby, he frightenedly swims away from his real family until Ariel encounters him with a little love. She cares for him until she lets him go to be with his real family. He returns in "Save The Whale" as a grown-up whale and, as Sebastian announces him, he excitedly begins to perform for the citizens of Atlantica until he gets caught.

text: Simon[edit]

text: Simon is a sea dragon.

text: Imprisoned in cave and looking to be rescued. Simon writes a message and puts it in a bottle and with some luck, Ariel, Sebastian, and Flounder find the letter, brave danger in route to the cave, and then they face a giant sea dragon. The dragon turns out to be Simon himself, the writer of the message, who's looking to have a party with some new friends. Bringing Simon home to King Triton poses another challenge until Simon helps King Triton to save Atlantica and its merpeople from an invasion of evil sea anemones.

text: He is voiced by Brian Cummings.

text: Dudley[edit]

text: Dudley is an elderly sea turtle who also serves somewhat of an assistant to King Triton besides Sebastian. Dudley mumbles when he speaks and does not swim like other sea turtles in this show, instead he walks slowly along the sea floor like a land turtle and keeps important documents within his shell when he retracts his head. His conversation is always interrupted by his employer as he understands what the former is about to say.

text: He is voiced by Dave Coulier.

text: Archimedes[edit]

text: Archimedes is a merman scholar, explorer and adventurer who is fascinated with humans, particularly human objects, like Ariel, he wants to know as much about the human world as possible, because of his fascination with humans, he is ostracized and disliked by his own people, as his only friend is Ariel. Because Archimedes goes to the surface very often, his knowledge on human culture is far more accurate than Ariel's; prior to the latter becoming human herself and her marriage to Eric.

text: Due to Archimedes being ostracized by the merpeople, he lives in an abandoned sunken ship, in the wilderness outside of Atlantica, is also where he keeps his collection of human objects, initially, unlike Ariel, he has directly met humans, he has even interacted with them.

text: He is voiced by Rod McKuen.

text: Hans Christian Andersen[edit]

text: A character based on Hans Christian Andersen, the author of the original Little Mermaid fairy tale appears in the episode "Metal Fish". He is voiced by Mark Hamill.

text: Based on rumors he hears from other sailors about the existence of merfolk, he attempts verify these claims by exploring the undersea world with the invention of his primitive submarine. While exploring the undersea world, his sub springs a leak and his steering controls are affected causing his sub to lose control and eventually sink to the bottom. However, to his surprise he encounters Ariel, to which his claims are verified. Later on, Archimedes, Sebastian, Flounder, The Crabscouts, and even King Triton appear to assist Andersen's damaged vessel back to the surface. At the end of this episode, the character is inspired by the encounter to "write" the story of The Little Mermaid. This encounter contradicts the idea that Ariel's first face to face contact with humans is with Prince Eric, and forces Ariel to confront her father with the fact that she, Triton, and all merfolk are half human when she appeals to Triton for help in saving Andersen's life.

text: Evil Manta[edit]

text: Manta, voiced by Tim Curry, was a recurring villain in the TV series. Although his exact age is unknown, he appears to be potentially ageless as an individual is referenced in a legend as nearly destroying Atlantica who was imprisoned in an undersea volcano many years before the time of the series. As it so happens, the character is discovered imprisoned within and freed from an undersea volcano by a well-meaning Ariel, whom the Manta dupes into releasing him. He then begins spreading hatred and discord amongst the population of Atlantica, nearly causing the kingdom to self-destruct from his actions. During this initial appearance the Manta appeared to have the power of mental hypnosis or else some form of telepathy. Ariel manages, with the help of Flounder and their friends to defeat the Manta. He then became a recurring character, intent on taking control of Atlantica for himself. He later has a son, 'Little Evil', who ironically enough, has no true evil or malevolent aspects to his personality and becomes a friend of Ariel's, which also results in his father's redemption.

text: The Little Mermaid II: Return To The Sea[edit]

text: Melody[edit]

text:
Melody

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Tara Strong

text: Princess Melody, voiced by Tara Strong, appears in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea. She is the daughter of Ariel and Eric.

text: The celebration of her birth opens the film, during which her parents sail out to sea to present her to King Triton and the merfolk. The celebration is interrupted by Morgana, who threatens to hurt Melody if Triton does not hand over the trident. Ariel and Eric manage to save Melody, but because Morgana escapes, Ariel decides that the sea is too dangerous for her daughter. Until Morgana is found, Ariel vows to keep all knowledge of the sea from her, including her mermaid heritage. A magical locket that King Triton had made for Melody for the occasion is reluctantly thrown into the sea.

text: Melody grows up banned from entering the sea and is not told why, but by her 12th birthday has been regularly sneaking out of the palace to swim in secret. On said birthday, Melody finds the locket with her name, and questions Ariel about it. Ariel and Melody argue, and before Ariel can apologize and explain, Melody runs away from the castle in a boat. Melody is discovered by Undertow and convinced to meet Morgana, who uses Melody's love of the sea against her. Morgana transforms Melody into a mermaid, promising her that the transformation will last forever if Melody retrieves the trident from Triton, claiming that he stole it from Morgana. Wanting to be a mermaid forever, Melody agrees.

text: While searching for the trident, Melody befriends a penguin named Tip and a walrus named Dash, and they join her in her search. Melody succeeds in stealing the trident, and returns to Morgana at the same time that her mother Ariel, who has been turned back into a mermaid in order to find Melody, also arrives. Melody is angered by Ariel's decision to lie to her, and gives Morgana the trident. Morgana takes Ariel hostage and reveals her true intentions to Melody, and traps her in a cave by sealing the entrance with a thick layer of ice. Soon afterward, Morgana's spell on Melody wears off, causing her to revert into a human and nearly drowning. Tip and Dash manage to free her and drag her to the shore. Morgana uses the trident to subjugate the merfolk, but Melody, no longer a mermaid, is unaffected and steals the trident back. She gives the trident to Triton, who turns the tables on Morgana and encases her in ice.

text: In the aftermath, Melody apologizes to Ariel and Eric for her actions, and Ariel apologizes for not telling Melody the truth. Triton offers Melody the option of becoming a mermaid permanently but Melody declines. Instead she uses the trident to disintegrate the wall between the palace and the sea, thus reuniting both sides of her family.

text: Melody performs one song in the film, "For a Moment", in which Ariel, voiced by Jodi Benson, also provides vocals.

text: The character "Melody" is also a playable character in the PlayStation game, The Little Mermaid 2, which is based on the two movies. She becomes playable after Ariel's story arc has finished and the player is prompted to play as Melody in the chapter called "A New Beginning".

text: Morgana[edit]

text:
Morgana

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Pat Carroll

text: Morgana is the younger sister of the deceased Ursula. Like Ursula, Morgana is half octopus, having tentacles instead of a tail, but unlike Ursula, Morgana has 8 tentacles instead of 6, which, in addition to her thin stature, make Morgana's appearance more squid-like. Also, her skin is greenish-gray, unlike Ursula, who has light lavender skin. Morgana has three minions; a tiger shark named Undertow, and a pair of manta rays called Cloak and Dagger. Her voice is provided by Pat Carroll.

text: Morgana's prime motivation is to prove her superiority over Ursula, who was the favored child of their mother. She also wanted to avenge Ursula's death. However, she is not as powerful as Ursula and lacks her subtlety and deviousness, though she is highly cunning in her own right. She openly attacks Melody's birthday party and uses her as a hostage to gain Triton's trident, a ploy that fails due to Ariel's quick thinking. Morgana escapes, and for twelve years eludes Triton's efforts to find her. Morgana eventually meets twelve-year-old Melody, who has rebelled against her mother's overprotective ways. Morgana lures Melody with the promise of becoming a mermaid, using the last of Ursula's magic potion to transform Melody temporarily into a mermaid. Morgana asks Melody to get the trident for her, claiming herself to be its rightful owner. Morgana succeeds in getting the trident thanks to Melody, and proclaims herself as the new ruler of the seven seas. She is eventually stopped by Melody, who steals the trident back and gives it to King Triton. Triton then encases Morgana in an iceberg, and she is left to sink to the bottom of the ocean.

text: Tip and Dash[edit]

text:
Tip and Dash

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Max Casella (Tip)
Stephen Furst (Dash)

text: Tip and Dash are supporting characters in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea and friends of Melody. Tip is an emperor penguin voiced by Max Casella, and Dash is a walrus voiced by Stephen Furst. Their names are derived from the convention of Morse Code which uses dots (or "tips") and dashes to communicate messages.

text: In the film, Tip and Dash are established odd couple best friends whom Melody encounters when she has been transformed into a mermaid. She learns that the duo want to be "heroes" but find it difficult to do so when Tip is a braggart who exaggerates his accomplishments and Dash is openly a coward. With a big help to save the baby penguin for her mother, Tip and Dash join the other penguins to extend the form of a ladder just before the red-eyed hammerhead shark scares them all into a big pile. Rejected by other penguins, Tip and Dash join Melody on her journey to retrieve the trident for Morgana. In the final battle, both characters find their inner courage and help to save the day.

text: The duo perform the song "Tip and Dash" with Melody.

text: Undertow[edit]

text:
Undertow

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Clancy Brown

text: Undertow, voiced by Clancy Brown, is a minion of Morgana.

text: When the film opens, Undertow is a large purple and black colored tiger shark, but during the opening fight, he is zapped by the magic of King Triton's trident and transformed into a small, piranha-like fish so he can't eat or harm Melody. Undertow spends the next twelve years as a piranha. After Melody rebels against her mother, Undertow convinces Melody to visit Morgana, who manipulates her into fetching the trident. When Melody retrieves the trident, Morgana uses its magic to restore Undertow to his original form. During the final fight, Undertow battles Melody's friends Tip and Dash, and crashes into a wall of ice and all his teeth fall out. He is not seen again afterwards but was most likely killed upon impact with the ice wall.

text: Cloak and Dagger[edit]

text:
Cloak and Dagger

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

text: Cloak and Dagger are dark blue manta rays and Morgana's henchmen. Unlike most of the animals in the film, they don't speak, and perform mostly physical duties for Morgana, either by pulling her or someone of interest to her.

text: The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning[edit]

text: Athena[edit]

text:
Athena

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Lorelei Hill Butters (Speaking)
Andrea Robinson (Singing)

text: Athena was Triton's wife, queen of Atlantica, and the mother of Ariel, Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella and Alana, and Melody's grandmother. Her speaking voice is provided by Lorelei Hill Butters, and her singing voice is provided by Andrea Robinson. She appears in the opening prologue of the prequel, in which she is at first shown singing her and Triton's special song (Athena's song) to the girls before bedtime. She is then seen relaxing in a cove on the ocean surface with her husband, children and other merfolk. Triton gives her a music box that plays their song as an anniversary present. The fun ceases when a pirate ship appears and attacks the merpeople, during which Athena is crushed to death by the ship, whilst trying to save the music box. Triton responds to this tragedy by banning music from Atlantica. Prior to this film, Ariel's mother had been mentioned before in the prequel television series, but had then remained nameless. It is never actually stated, but it is quite likely that it was Athena's death, at the hands of humans, that caused Triton's prejudice towards them.

text: Marina Del Rey[edit]

text:
Marina Del Rey

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Sally Field as Marina Del Rey

text: Marina Del Rey, voiced by Sally Field, is a mermaid and the governess of King Triton's seven daughters, in charge of enforcing Triton's distant and formal parenting style. She feels she has been stuck as the governess for too long, and her primary motivation is to take over Sebastian's job as the king's attaché. She temporarily succeeds after getting Sebastian, Flounder, and their secret music band sent to prison (as music was forbidden from Atlantica at the time) but upon learning of the gang's escape with Ariel, Marina resolves to kill them all by sending her electric eels after them. Marina is eventually caught, and Triton sends her to prison for her crimes.

text: Benjamin[edit]

text:
Benjamin

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Jeff Bennett as Benjamin

text: Benjamin is a light green manatee and Marina's sidekick. Unlike Marina, Benjamin is a softy who loves Ariel and her sisters, and wishes Marina would be nice. He is voiced by Jeff Bennett.

text: Catfish Club Band[edit]

text:
Ray-Ray, Cheeks, Ink Spot, and Shelbow

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Kevin Michael Richardson as Ray-Ray and Cheeks
Rob Paulsen as Ink Spot
Jim Cummings as Shelbow

text: The Catfish Club Band are a quartet house band in the Catfish Club, the underground music club in Atlantica that exists in opposition to King Triton's ban on music. Their bandleader and vocalist is Sebastian, who also plays maracas. Other members are Ray-Ray, a sky-blue manta ray who plays the bass, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson; Cheeks, a green blowfish who plays the saxophone, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson; Ink Spot, a violet octopus who plays the piano, voiced by Rob Paulsen; Shelbow, a teal sea turtle who plays the drums, voiced by Jim Cummings.

text: Others[edit]

text: Gertrude[edit]

text: Gertrude is mentioned by one of the maids who are washing clothes.


document_title: List of films that most frequently use the word "fuck"

question_text: how many times does boondock saints say the f word

root

text: List of films by number of uses

text:
Film
Year
Fuck count
Minutes
Uses/minute
Source
Ref.

Swearnet: The Movie
2014
935
112
8.35

[7]

Fuck—a documentary on the word[8]
2005
857
93
9.21

[9][10]

The Wolf of Wall Street
2013
569
180
3.16
SI
[11][12][13]

Summer of Sam
1999
435
142
3.06
PO
[14]

Nil by Mouth
1997
428
128
3.34
SI
[15]

Casino
1995
422
178
2.40
FMG
[16]

Straight Outta Compton
2015
392
167
2.35
SI
[17]

Alpha Dog
2007
367
118
3.11
SI
[18]

End of Watch
2012
326
109
2.99
KIM
[19]

Twin Town
1997
318
99
3.21
SI
[20]

Running Scared
2006
315
122
2.58
SI
[21]

Sweet Sixteen
2002
313
106
2.95
DR
[22]

Martin Lawrence Live: Runteldat
2002
311
113
2.75
SI
[23]

Menace II Society
1993
305
98
3.11
PO
[24]

Goodfellas
1990
300
146
2.05
FMG
[25]

Narc
2002
297
105
2.82
FMG
[26]

Harsh Times
2006
296
120
2.46
SI
[27]

Made
2001
291
94
3.09
FMG
[28]

Another Day in Paradise
1998
291
101
2.88
SI
[29]

Pride and Glory
2008
291
125
2.32
SI
[30]

Dirty
2005
280
97
2.88
FMG
[31]

I'm Still Here
2010
280
107
2.40
FMG
[32]

Jarhead
2005
278
123
2.26
SI
[33]

Bully
2001
274
113
2.42
FMG
[34]

State Property 2
2005
271
94
2.88
SI
[35]

Brooklyn's Finest
2010
270
140
1.93
SI
[36]

Reservoir Dogs
1992
269
99
2.71
FMG
[37]

Pulp Fiction
1994
265
154
1.72
FMG
[38]

The Big Lebowski
1998
260
117
2.22
FMG
[39]

Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back
2001
248
104
2.38
FMG
[40]

Free Fire
2016
240
90
2.67
KIM
[41]

Do the Right Thing
1989
240
120
2.00
SD
[42]

The Boondock Saints
1999
239
110
2.17
FMG
[43]

The Departed
2006
237
151
1.56
SI
[44]

Empire
2002
236
90
2.62
FMG
[45]

True Romance
1993
234
121
1.93
FMG
[46]

Black Mass
2015
234
122
1.92
SI
[47]

Goon
2012
231
93
2.48
KIM
[48]

My Name Is Joe
1998
230
105
2.19
SI
[49]

State of Grace
1990
230
134
1.71
FMG
[50]

Gridlock'd
1997
227
91
2.49
SI
[51]

The Devil's Rejects
2005
224
109
2.06
FMG
[52]

Eddie Murphy Raw
1987
223
90
2.47
FMG
[53]

Suicide Kings
1997
222
106
2.09
FMG
[54]

Zack and Miri Make a Porno
2008
219
101
2.16
SI
[55]

30 Minutes or Less
2011
218
83
2.17
KIM
[56]

Black and White
1999
215
98
2.19
SI
[57]

American History X
1998
214
119
1.79
FMG
[58]

The Original Kings of Comedy
2000
213
115
1.85
FMG
[59]

Hot Tub Time Machine
2010
212
100
2.12
SI
[60]

Monument Ave.
1998
210
93
2.25
PO
[61]

Layer Cake
2004
210
105
2.00
FMG
[62]

All Eyez on Me
2017
210
140
1.50
PI
[3]

Scarface
1983
207
170
1.21
FMG
[63]

Spun
2002
203
101
2.00
FMG
[64]

Dysfunktional Family
2003
200
89
2.24
SI
[65]

Foolish
1999
200
97
2.06
SI
[66]

This Is The End
2013
200
106
1.88
KIM
[67]

8 Mile
2002
200
110
1.81
SI
[68]

22 Jump Street
2014
200
112
1.78
PI
[69]

A Bronx Tale
1993
200
122
1.63
FMG
[70]

I Got the Hook Up
1998
197
93
2.11
SI
[71]

Sabotage
2014
196
109
1.80
SI
[72]

Born on the Fourth of July
1989
196
145
1.35
FMG
[73]

Next Day Air
2009
193
84
2.23
SI
[74]

Killing Them Softly
2012
193
97
1.99
SI
[75]

Overnight
2003
191
82
2.32
FMG
[76]

Ten Benny
1996
190
108
1.75
KIM
[77]

Superbad
2007
190
118
1.61
SI
[78]

Magnolia
1999
190
188
1.01
FMG
[79]

Monster
2003
187
110
1.70
FMG
[80]

Belly
1998
186
96
1.93
SI
[81]

Hustle & Flow
2005
186
115
1.61
FMG
[82]

The Wall
2017
185
82
2.26
PI
[4]

Clockers
1995
185
128
1.44
PO
[83]

Get Rich or Die Tryin'
2005
185
134
1.38
FMG
[84]

Bad Santa 2
2016
180
92
1.96
KIM
[85]

The 51st State
2001
180
93
1.93
FMG
[86]

Flawless
1999
178
112
1.58
FMG
[87]

Slam
1998
176
100
1.76
SI
[88]

Poetic Justice
1993
175
109
1.60
PO
[89]

Pineapple Express
2008
175
111
1.57
SI
[90]

Project X
2012
175
88
1.98
KIM
[91]

Human Traffic
1999
174
100
1.74
PO
[92]

Bad Santa
2003
173
98
1.76
FMG
[93]

Tigerland
2000
173
100
1.73
MR
[94]

Donnie Brasco
1997
172
127
1.35
FMG
[95]

Backstage
2000
170
86
1.97
SI
[96]

The Commitments
1991
169
118
1.43
FMG
[97]

Grindhouse
2007
169
191
0.88
SI
[98]

Four Rooms
1995
168
98
1.71
FMG
[99]

Death of a Dynasty
2003
167
93
1.79
KIM
[100]

Gang Related
1997
165
102
1.61
SI
[101]

Crank: High Voltage
2009
164
96
1.71
SI
[102]

Funny People
2009
164
153
1.01
SI
[103]

Boogie Nights
1997
164
155
1.05
FMG
[104]

Formula 51
2001
163
93
1.75
SI
[105]

Blood In Blood Out
1993
163
190
0.85
PO
[106]

21 and Over
2013
162
93
1.74
KIM
[107]

The Grey
2012
161
117
1.30
SI
[108]

Lone Survivor
2013
161
121
1.33
SI
[109]

Sausage Party
2016
160
89
1.80
PI
[110]

Good Time
2017
160
100
1.60
PI
[5]

Dirty Grandpa
2016
160
102
1.57
KIM
[111]

Snatch
2000
159
102
1.55
FMG
[112][113]

Platoon
1986
159
120
1.32
FMG
[114]

Blue Collar
1978
158
114
1.39
TFF
[115]

The Heat
2013
158
117
1.35
KIM
[116]

Colors
1988
157
120
1.30
FMG
[117]

Dead Presidents
1995
157
119
1.32
PO
[118]

That's My Boy
2012
156
116
1.35
SI
[119]

Magic Mike
2012
156
110
1.42
KIM
[120]

Intermission
2003
155
106
1.46
FMG
[121]

The Town
2010
155
125
1.26
SI
[122]

Legend
2015
155
131
1.18
SI
[123]

The Blair Witch Project
1999
154
86
1.79
FMG
[124]

Notorious
2009
154
123
1.25
SI
[125]

Good Will Hunting
1997
154
126
1.22
FMG
[126]

Boiler Room
2000
153
118
1.29
SI
[127]

Bad Boys II
2003
153
147
1.04
FMG
[128]

All About the Benjamins
2002
151
99
1.53
SI
[129]

Ash Wednesday
2002
151
99
1.53
FMG
[130]

Soul Men
2008
151
103
1.46
SI
[131]

Smokin' Stogies
2001
151
102
1.48
FMG
[132]

In the Name of the Father
1993
151
127
1.19
FMG
[133]

Clerks II
2006
150
97
1.55
PI
[134]

The Night Before
2015
150
101
1.49
KIM
[135]

Everybody Wants Some!!
2016
150
117
1.28
PI
[136]

Patriots Day
2016
150
130
1.15
SI
[137]

Hoffa
1992
150
140
1.07
FMG
[138]

The Place Beyond the Pines
2012
150
140
1.07
SI
[139]

American Honey
2016
150
163
0.92
KIM
[140]

tag: table

text: Record progression

text:
Film
Year
Fuck count
Minutes
Uses/minute

Blue Collar
1978
158
114
1.39

Scarface
1983
207
170
1.21

Eddie Murphy Raw
1987
223
90
2.47

Do the Right Thing
1989
240
120
2

Goodfellas
1990
300
146
2.05

Menace II Society
1993
305
98
3.11

Casino
1995
422
178
2.4

Nil by Mouth
1997
428
128
3.34

Summer of Sam
1999
435
142
3.06

The Wolf of Wall Street
2013
569
180
3.16

Swearnet: The Movie
2014
935
112
8.35


document_title: Sam Houston

question_text: who did the texans select to lead the volunteer army

text: Sam Houston

text: Early life[edit]

text: Sam Houston was the fifth son of Major Samuel Houston and Elizabeth Paxton. Houston's paternal ancestry is often traced to his great-great grandfather Sir John Houston, who built a family estate in Scotland in the late seventeenth century. His second son John Houston emigrated to Ulster, Ireland, during the Ulster plantation period. Under the system of primogeniture, he did not inherit the estate. A historic plaque near Larne in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, tells the story of the Houston family. It is located in Ballyboley Forest Park near the site of the original John Houston estate.

tag: p

text: After several years in Ireland, John Houston immigrated in 1735 with his family to the North American colonies, where they first settled in Pennsylvania. Houston decided to migrate south with other Scots-Irish, who settled in the back country of lands in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.[8] Scots-Irish newcomers included the Lyle family of the Raloo area who helped found Timber Ridge Presbyterian Church, and the Houston family settled nearby. Gradually, John Houston developed his land and purchased slaves.[8] His son Robert inherited his land, and the youngest of Robert's five sons was Samuel Houston.

text: Samuel Houston became a member of Morgan's Rifle Brigade and was commissioned a major during the American Revolutionary War. At the time, militia officers were expected to pay their own expenses. He had married Elizabeth Paxton and inherited his father's land, but he was not a good manager and got into debt, in part because of his militia service.[9] Their children were born on his family's plantation near Timber Ridge Church, including Sam Houston on March 2, 1793, the fifth of nine children and the fifth son. The senior Samuel and Elizabeth's children were Paxton (b. 1783), Robert (b. 1787), James (b. 1788), John Paxton (b. 1790; first clerk of Izard County, Arkansas, 1819–1838), Samuel (b. 1793), William (b. 1794), Isabella (b. 1796), Mary Blair (b. 1797), and Elizabeth Ann (b. 1800). Today, Timber Ridge Plantation maintains a log building which tradition claims was constructed from logs salvaged from the Sam Houston birthplace cabin.[10]

text: Planning to move on and leave debts behind, the elder Samuel Houston patented land near relatives in Maryville, the county seat of Blount County, Tennessee. He died in 1807 before he could complete the move, which Elizabeth subsequently undertook, along with their five sons and three daughters. She took them to the eastern part of the new state, which had been admitted to the Union in 1796.[8]

text: Young Sam was 14 when his family moved to Maryville, and he had received only a basic education on the Virginia frontier.[11] He ran away from home in 1809 at age 16 because he was dissatisfied working as a shop clerk in his older brothers' store. He went southwest and lived for a few years with the Cherokee tribe led by Ahuludegi (also spelled Oolooteka) on Hiwassee Island in the Hiwassee River, above its confluence with the Tennessee River. Ahuludegi had become hereditary chief after his brother moved west; American settlers in the area called him John Jolly. He became an adoptive father to Houston, giving him the Cherokee name of Colonneh, meaning "the Raven".[12] Houston became fluent in the Cherokee language while living with the tribe.

text: He visited his family in Maryville every few months. He returned to Maryville in 1812, and he was hired at age 19 for a term as schoolmaster of a one-room schoolhouse in Blount County between his town and Knoxville.[13][14] The school was preceded by others in the region, but it was the first built in Tennessee since entering the Union.

text: War of 1812[edit]

text: In 1813, Houston reported for training at Camp Blount near present-day Fayetteville, Tennessee[15] and enlisted to fight the British in the War of 1812. By December of that year, he had been transferred to the 39th Infantry Regiment and had risen from private to third lieutenant.[16] He was wounded in the groin at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March 1814 by a Creek arrow, but his wound was bandaged and he rejoined the fight. Andrew Jackson called for volunteers to dislodge a group of Red Sticks from their breastwork; Houston volunteered and was struck by bullets in the shoulder and arm during the assault. He returned to Maryville as a disabled veteran, but later took the army's offer of free surgery and convalesced in a New Orleans hospital.[17]

text: Houston became close to Jackson, who was impressed with him and acted as a mentor. In 1817, Jackson appointed him sub-agent in managing the removal of the Cherokees from East Tennessee to a reservation in what is now Arkansas. Houston had differences with Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, who chided him for appearing at a meeting dressed as a Cherokee. More significantly, an inquiry was begun into charges related to Houston's administration of supplies for the Indians; he was offended and resigned in 1818.[18]

text: Tennessee politics[edit]

text: Houston passed the bar examination in Nashville following six months of apprenticeship with Judge James Trimble, and he then opened a legal practice in Lebanon, Tennessee.[19][20] In 1818, he was appointed as the local prosecutor in Nashville[21] and was also given a command in the state militia.

text: In 1822, Houston was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for Tennessee where he was a staunch supporter of fellow Tennessean and Democrat Andrew Jackson. He was widely considered Jackson's political protégé, although their ideas differed greatly about appropriate treatment of American Indians. Houston was a Congressman from 1823 to 1827, re-elected in 1824. In 1827, he declined to run for re-election to Congress.

text: He won the race for Governor of Tennessee in 1827, defeating Congressman Newton Cannon and former governor Willie Blount. He planned to run for re-election in 1829, but was suddenly beset by rumors of alcoholism and infidelity. He resigned from office when his wife Eliza Allen left him shortly after their wedding and made public statements embarrassing to him.[22]

text: Controversy and trial[edit]

text: In 1830 and 1833, Houston visited Washington, D.C. to expose the frauds which government agents committed against the Cherokee.[18] While he was in Washington in April 1832, anti-Jacksonian Congressman William Stanbery of Ohio made accusations about Houston in a speech on the floor of Congress, thus attacking Andrew Jackson through his protégé. He accused Houston of being in league with John Van Fossen and Congressman Robert S. Rose. The three men had bid on supplying rations to the various tribes of Indians who were being forcibly relocated west of the Mississippi as a result of Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1830. Stanbery refused to answer Houston's letters about the accusation, so Houston confronted him on Pennsylvania Avenue and beat him with a hickory cane, causing serious bodily injury. Stanbery drew one of his pistols in self-defense and squeezed the trigger, but the gun misfired.

text: Congress ordered Houston's arrest on April 17 and brought him to trial at the District of Columbia City Hall. He pleaded self-defense and hired Francis Scott Key as his lawyer. Congressman Philip Doddridge provided an eloquent argument that intimidating members of Congress with physical force amounted to anarchy in refutation of federalism.[23] Houston was found guilty, but he was only lightly reprimanded thanks to highly placed friends such as James K. Polk. Stanbery filed charges against Houston in civil court, and Judge William Cranch found him liable and assessed him $500 in damages. Houston left the United States for Mexico without paying the judgement.

text: Republic of Texas[edit]

text: The Texas Revolution[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Houston's political reputation suffered further due to the publicity related to the trial for his assault of Stanbery. He left for Texas in December 1832 and was immediately swept up in the politics of what was still a part of the Mexican state of Coahuila, attending the Convention of 1833 as representative for Nacogdoches. Houston emerged as a supporter of William Harris Wharton and his brother, who promoted independence from Mexico. This was the more radical position of the American settlers and Tejanos in Texas. He also attended the Consultation of 1835, and the Texas Army commissioned him as Major General in November 1835. He negotiated a peace settlement with the Cherokee of East Texas in February 1836 to allay their fears about independence.

text: Houston was selected as Commander-in-Chief at the convention to declare Texan independence in March 1836, and he signed the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836, his 43rd birthday. Mexican soldiers killed all those at the Alamo Mission at the end of a 13-day siege on March 6. On March 11, Houston joined what constituted his army at Gonzales: 374 poorly equipped, poorly trained, and poorly supplied recruits.[24][25] Word of the defeat at the Alamo reached him and, while he waited for confirmation, he organized the recruits as the 1st Regiment Volunteer Army of Texas.

text: On March 13, Houston retreated before the superior forces of Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna, as he was short on rations. Heavy rain fell nearly every day, causing severe morale problems among the exposed troops struggling through the mud. He received additional troops near present-day La Grange, after four days' march, and continued east two days later with 600 men. At Goliad, Santa Anna ordered the execution of more than 400 volunteer Texas militia led by James Fannin, who had surrendered his forces on March 20. Houston's forces were joined by 130 more men on March 26 near present-day Columbus, and the next day he learned of the Fannin disaster.

text: Houston continued his retreat eastward toward the Gulf coast, drawing criticism for his perceived lack of willingness to fight, and two companies refused to retreat further on March 29 while they were camped along the Brazos River. Houston decided to use the opportunity for rudimentary training and discipline of his force. On April 2, he organized the 2nd Regiment and received a battalion of regulars, and he ordered all troops along the Brazos to join the main army on April 11, approximately 1,500 men in all. He began crossing the Brazos on April 12.

text: Santa Anna finally caught up with the Texans, but he had split his own army into three separate forces in an attempt to encircle Houston's forces. Houston surprised Santa Anna's forces during their afternoon siesta at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. The Texans won a decisive victory in less than 18 minutes, suffering few casualties, although Houston's ankle was shattered by a stray bullet. Santa Anna was badly beaten and forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco, granting Texas its independence. Houston stayed on briefly for negotiations, then returned to the United States for treatment of his ankle wound.

text: Elected offices of the Republic of Texas[edit]

text: Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election, he defeated Stephen F. Austin and Henry Smith with a landslide of over 79% of the vote. Houston served from October 22, 1836, to December 10, 1838. The Constitution of the Republic of Texas stated that no president could succeed himself, but did not prohibit any non-consecutive multiple terms.[26]

text: When his first term ended, he was elected to serve as a representative from San Augustine County in the Republic of Texas House of Representatives.[27] After his term as representative ended, Houston again served as President of the Republic of Texas from December 12, 1841, to December 9, 1844.[28]

text: While he initially sought annexation by the U.S., Houston dropped that goal during his first term. In his second term, he strove for fiscal prudence and worked to make peace with the various tribes of Native Americans in the Republic. He also struggled to avoid war with Mexico, whose forces invaded twice during 1842. In response to the Regulator–Moderator War of 1844, he sent in Republic militia to put down the feud.

text: Houston still believed that the U.S annexation of Texas was not a realistic goal and the U.S. Senate would never pass it because of the delicate situation between the recently independent Texas and Mexico. However, Houston was a politician and as such he sought to preserve his career by endorsing the support of annexation into the U.S. Without his endorsement, the Texas congress would have put the question to public election and upon its likely passing would have effectively destroyed Houston's career as a Texas politician. To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.[29]

text: Settlement of Houston[edit]

text: The European-American settlement of Houston was founded in August 1836 by brothers J.K. Allen and A.C. Allen. It was named in Houston's honor and served as capital. Gail Borden helped lay out Houston's streets.

text: In 1837, during Houston's first term as President of the Republic of Texas, he joined the masonic Holland Lodge No. 36. It was founded in Brazoria and was relocated in 1837 to what is now Houston.[30] On December 20, 1837, Houston presided over the convention of Freemasons that formed the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas, now the Grand Lodge of Texas.

text: The city of Houston served as the capital of the republic until President Mirabeau Lamar signed a measure that moved the capital to Austin on January 14, 1839. Between his presidential terms (the constitution did not allow a president to serve consecutive terms), Houston was elected as a representative from San Augustine in the Texas House of Representatives. He was a major critic of President Mirabeau Lamar, who advocated continuing independence of Texas, annihilation of American Indians, and the extension of Texas's boundaries to the Pacific Ocean.

text: U.S. Senator from Texas[edit]

text: After the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845, Houston was elected to the U.S. Senate by the Texas state legislature, along with Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Houston served from February 21, 1846, until March 4, 1859, with a nine-month gap in 1847 when the state legislature failed to reelect him.[31] He was a Senator during the Mexican–American War, when the U.S. defeated Mexico and acquired vast expanses of new territory in the Southwest as part of the concluding treaty.

text: Throughout his term in the Senate, Houston spoke out against the growing sectionalism of the country. He blamed the extremists of both the North and South, saying:

text: "Whatever is calculated to weaken or impair the strength of [the] Union,—whether originating at the North or the South,—whether arising from the incendiary violence of abolitionists, or from the coalition of nullifiers, will never meet with my unqualified approval."[32]

text: Houston supported the Oregon Bill of 1848, which was opposed by many Southerners. In his passionate speech in support of the Compromise of 1850, echoing Matthew 12:25, Houston said "A nation divided against itself cannot stand."[33] Eight years later, Abraham Lincoln would express the same sentiment.

text: Houston opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854, and correctly predicted that it would cause a sectional rift in the country that would eventually lead to war, saying: " ... what fields of blood, what scenes of horror, what mighty cities in smoke and ruins—it is brother murdering brother ... I see my beloved South go down in the unequal contest, in a sea of blood and smoking ruin."[34] He was one of only two Southern senators (the other was John Bell of Tennessee) to vote against the act. At the time, he was considered a potential candidate for President of the United States. But, his strong Unionism and opposition to the extension of slavery alienated the Texas legislature and other southern states.

text: Houston's opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act led to his departure from the Democratic Party. Beginning in 1855, Houston began to be publicly associated with the nativist Know Nothing movement, which represented a unionist alternative to the Democrats. Houston opposed the growing influence of Catholic voters, stating, "let all have their own religion...but I will resist the political influence of Pope or Priest." He opposed barring Catholics from holding office, but wanted to extend the naturalization period for immigrants to twenty-one years. He sought the presidential nomination at the Know Nothing party's 1856 national convention and publicly supported the party's ticket in the 1856 presidential election. The Know Nothing party collapsed after the 1856 elections and Houston became associated with the loosely-organized Opposition Party, a coalition of independents and former Whigs opposed to both the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.[35]

text: As a former President of Texas, he was the last foreign head of state to serve in the U.S. Congress.

text: Governor of Texas[edit]

text: Houston ran twice for governor of Texas as a Unionist, unsuccessfully in 1857, and successfully against Hardin R. Runnels in 1859. He was sworn in as Governor on December 21, 1859.[36] Upon election, he became the only person elected to serve as governor of two U.S. states, Texas and Tennessee, by popular vote. (Whereas Thomas McKean and John Dickinson had each served as chief executives of Delaware and then of Pennsylvania in the late 18th century, and other state governors had also served as governors of American territories, each of them achieved at least one of his positions by indirect election or appointment.)

text: While Governor, Houston made a run for the presidency in 1860. He was a presidential candidate at the 1860 Constitutional Union Convention, but Houston finished second on the convention ballot to John Bell. Later that year he was nominated for President by the People's Party. The People's Party was a loose association of the supporters of Houston. On April 20, 1860, the party held, on the San Jacinto Battlefield, what it termed a national convention to nominate Houston for President. The party did not nominate a Vice Presidential candidate at that time since they expected later gatherings to carry out that function. Later mass meetings were held in northern cities, such as New York City on May 30, 1860, but they too failed to nominate a Vice Presidential candidate. Houston withdrew from the race on August 16, convinced that his candidacy would only make it easier for Abraham Lincoln to win. He instead urged the formation of a Unified "Union" ticket in opposition to it. [37] [38]

text: Although Houston was a slave owner and opposed abolition, he opposed the secession of Texas from the Union. An elected convention voted to secede from the United States on February 1, 1861, and Texas joined the Confederate States of America on March 2, 1861. Houston refused to recognize its legality, but the Texas legislature upheld the legitimacy of secession. The political forces that brought about Texas's secession were powerful enough to replace the state's Unionist governor. Houston chose not to resist, stating, "I love Texas too well to bring civil strife and bloodshed upon her. To avert this calamity, I shall make no endeavor to maintain my authority as Chief Executive of this State, except by the peaceful exercise of my functions ... " He was evicted from his office on March 16, 1861, for refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy, writing in an undelivered speech,

text: Fellow-Citizens, in the name of your rights and liberties, which I believe have been trampled upon, I refuse to take this oath. In the name of the nationality of Texas, which has been betrayed by the Convention, I refuse to take this oath. In the name of the Constitution of Texas, I refuse to take this oath. In the name of my own conscience and manhood, which this Convention would degrade by dragging me before it, to pander to the malice of my enemies, I refuse to take this oath. I deny the power of this Convention to speak for Texas....I protest....against all the acts and doings of this convention and I declare them null and void.[39]

text: The Texas secession convention replaced Houston with Lieutenant Governor Edward Clark.[1] To avoid more bloodshed in Texas, Houston turned down U.S. Col. Frederick W. Lander's offer from President Lincoln of 50,000 troops to prevent Texas's secession. He said, "Allow me to most respectfully decline any such assistance of the United States Government."

text: After leaving the Governor's mansion, Houston traveled to Galveston. Along the way, many people demanded an explanation for his refusal to support the Confederacy. On April 19, 1861 from a hotel window he told a crowd:

text: Let me tell you what is coming. After the sacrifice of countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives, you may win Southern independence if God be not against you, but I doubt it. I tell you that, while I believe with you in the doctrine of states rights, the North is determined to preserve this Union. They are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction, they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a mighty avalanche; and what I fear is, they will overwhelm the South.[40]

text: Electoral history[edit]

text:
This section needs expansion with:

Tennessee legislative and gubernatorial elections
1841 Texas election
Texas gubernatorial elections. You can help by adding to it. (February 2012)

text:
Republic of Texas presidential election, 1836

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Independent
Sam Houston
5,119
79.4

Independent
Henry Smith
743
11.5

Independent
Stephen F. Austin
587
9.1

text:
Texas gubernatorial election, 1857[41]

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Democratic
Hardin Richard Runnels
32,552
53.2%

Independent
Sam Houston
28,628
46.8%

Total votes
61,180
100.0%

text:
Texas gubernatorial election, 1859

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Independent
Sam Houston
36,227
56.8

Democratic
H.R. Runnels
27,500
43.1

text: Personal life and death[edit]

text: On January 22, 1829, at the age of 35, Houston married 19-year-old Eliza Allen, the daughter of the well-connected planter Colonel John Allen (1776–1833) of Gallatin, Tennessee. He was a friend of politician Andrew Jackson, soon to take office as President of the United States. Houston was then governor of Tennessee.

text: Eliza left Houston shortly after their marriage. Subsequent to their separation and her statement, Houston resigned the governorship.[42]

text: Neither Houston nor Eliza ever discussed the reasons for their separation; speculation and gossip credited their split to Eliza's being in love with another man. The aforementioned public statement and Houston's resignation suggest other reasons.[43] Houston seems to have cared for his wife's reputation and wrote to her father.

text: Houston officially divorced Eliza Allen Houston in 1837. (She remarried in 1840 to Dr. Elmore Douglass, becoming a stepmother to his ten children. She had four children with him and died in 1861.)[44]

text: In April 1829, in part due to the scandal of his well-known separation, Houston resigned as governor of Tennessee. He went west with the Cherokee in Indian removal to exile in Arkansas Territory. That year he was adopted by Chief John Jolly and thus made a member of the Cherokee.

text: Houston married Tiana Rogers (d. 1838), daughter of Chief John "Hellfire" Rogers (1740–1833), a Scots-Irish trader, and Jennie Due (1764–1806), a sister of Chief John Jolly, in a ceremony according to Cherokee customs. Tiana was in her mid-30s, of mixed-race, and the widow of David Gentry, Jr. She had two children from her previous marriage: Gabriel, born 1819, and Joanna, born 1822. She and Houston lived together for several years. Under civil law, he was still legally married to Eliza Allen Houston.

text: After declining to accompany Houston to Texas in 1832, Tiana later married John McGrady. In 1838 she died of pneumonia and is buried at Fort Gibson National Cemetery[45] with a grave maker reading "Talahina R. wife of Gen. Sam Houston".[46]

text: In 1833, Houston was baptized into the Catholic faith in order to qualify under the existing Mexican law for property ownership in Coahuila y Tejas. The sacrament was held in the living room of the Adolphus Sterne House in Nacogdoches.[47][48]

text: On May 9, 1840, Houston, aged 47, married for a third time. His bride was 21-year-old Margaret Moffette Lea of Marion, Alabama, the daughter of planters. They had eight children born between Houston's 51st and 68th years. Margaret acted as a tempering influence on her much older husband and convinced him to stop drinking. Although the Houstons had numerous houses, they kept only one continuously: Cedar Point (1840–1863) on Trinity Bay.

text: By 1854, Margaret had spent 14 years trying to convert Houston to the Baptist church. With the assistance of George Washington Baines, she convinced Houston to convert; he agreed to adult baptism. Spectators from neighboring communities came to Independence, Texas to witness the event. On November 19, 1854, Houston was baptized by Rev. Rufus C. Burleson by immersion in Little Rocky Creek, two miles southeast of Independence.[49][50] The baptismal site is near a roadside historical marker by the Texas Historical Commission located on Farm to Market Road 50 at Sam Houston Road.[51] Sam Houston Rd. continues to Little Rocky Creek between Independence and the nearby settlement of Sandy Hill.[52]

text: In 1862, Houston returned to Huntsville, Texas, and rented the Steamboat House; the hills in Huntsville reminded him of his boyhood home in Tennessee. Houston was active in the Masonic Lodge, transferring his membership to Forrest Lodge #19. His health deteriorated in 1863 due to a persistent cough. In mid-July, Houston developed pneumonia. He died on July 26, 1863 at Steamboat House, with his wife Margaret by his side.

text: The inscription on his tomb reads:

text:
A Brave Soldier. A Fearless Statesman.
A Great Orator—A Pure Patriot.
A Faithful Friend, A Loyal Citizen.
A Devoted Husband and Father.
A Consistent Christian—An Honest Man.

text: Sam Houston was buried in Huntsville, where he had lived in retirement. After her death, Margaret was buried in Independence at her family's cemetery.


document_title: Dead Man's Burden

question_text: where was the movie dead man's burden filmed

question_tokens: where was the movie dead man 's burden filmed

text: Dead Man's Burden

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Martha (Clare Bowen) and her husband Heck (David Call) are two hardy settlers trying to survive in New Mexico after the end of the Civil War and the death of Martha's father. They're given hope for a better life when a mining company shows interest in purchasing their homestead, but things become tense when Martha's brother Wade (Barlow Jacobs), who defected to the Union Army returns home after hearing of their father's death- unaware that Martha herself was the one who brought about his demise.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Barlow Jacobs as Wade McCurry
Clare Bowen as Martha Kirkland
David Call as Heck Kirkland
Joseph Lyle Taylor as E.J. Lane
Richard Riehle as Three Penny Hank
Jerry Clarke as Sheriff Deacon
Adam O'Byrne as Archie Ainsworth
Travis Hammer as Ben Ainsworth
Luce Rains as Joe McCurry
William Sterchi as WC Claymore

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: When writing the script for Dead Man's Burden, Moshe wrote with the intent to cast the film with lesser known actors, as he didn't want "to bring in a big-name actor who didn’t look like they belong in that period."[1] Moshe did not use storyboards, as the film had a tight budget and couldn't afford a storyboard artist, instead watching other Western films for inspiration and working closely with cinematographer Robert Hauer.[1] Filming took place in New Mexico over an 18-day period, where the cast experienced freak storms that forced the cast to walk to the set but did not delay filming.[1]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception has been mixed to positive and the film holds a rating of 76 on Metacritic (based on 12 reviews) and 76% on Rotten Tomatoes (based on 17 reviews).[2][3] Common elements praised in the film was Moshé's choice in cast, which Variety lauded as a highlight.[4] However, in their mostly positive review IndieWire remarked that the lack of major stars and the choice to film a Western (which they saw as a "mostly defunct genre") could jeopardize commercial prospects.[5] The New York Daily News's review was more mixed, as they felt that the "verbose period film has the complicated plot and tight pacing of a cable TV drama, which is then squashed into an indie-film paradigm."[6]