document_title: List of national birds

question_text: nightingale is the national bird of which country

text: List of national birds

text: This is a list of national birds, most official, but some unofficial.

text: National birds[edit]

text:
Country
Name of bird
Scientific name
Official status
Picture
Ref.

 Angola
Red-crested turaco
Tauraco erythrolophus
Yes

[1]

 Anguilla
Zenaida dove
Zenaida aurita
Yes

[2]

 Antigua and Barbuda
Magnificent frigatebird
Fregata magnificens
Yes

[3]

 Argentina
Rufous hornero
Furnarius rufus
Yes

[4]

 Aruba
Shoco (Burrowing Owl). Proposed as national bird and recognized as one of Aruba's "national symbols" in 2012
Athene cunicularia arubensis
No

[5]

 Australia
Emu
Dromaius novaehollandiae
No

[6]

 Austria
Barn swallow
Hirundo rustica
Yes

[7]

 Bahamas
American flamingo
Phoenicopterus ruber
Yes

[8]

 Bahrain
Himalayan bulbul
Pycnonotus leucogenys
Yes

[9]

 Bangladesh
Oriental magpie-robin
Copsychus saularis
Yes

[10]

 Belarus
White stork
Ciconia ciconia
Yes

[11]

 Belgium
Common kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
Yes

[12]

 Belize
Keel-billed toucan
Ramphastos sulfuratus
Yes

[13]

 Bermuda
Bermuda petrel
Pterodroma cahow
No

[14]

 Bhutan
Common raven
Corvus corax
Yes

[15]

 Bolivia
Andean condor
Vultur gryphus
Yes

[16]

 Botswana
Kori bustard
Ardeotis kori
Yes

[17][18]

 Brazil
Rufous-bellied thrush
Turdus rufiventris
Yes

[19]

 British Virgin Islands
Mourning dove
Zenaida macroura
Yes

[20]

 Cambodia
Giant ibis
Thaumatibis gigantea
Yes

[21]

 Cayman Islands
Grand Cayman parrot
Amazona leucocephala caymanensis
Yes

[22]

 Chile
Andean condor
Vultur gryphus
Yes

[23]

 China
Red-crowned crane. Proposed as national bird by State Forestry Administration in 2007 (awaiting State Council approval).
Grus japonensis
No

[24][25]

 Colombia
Andean condor
Vultur gryphus
Yes

[26]

 Costa Rica
Clay-colored thrush
Turdus grayi
Yes

[27]

 Croatia
Common nightingale
Luscinia megarhynchos
No

[28]

 Cuba
Cuban trogon
Priotelus temnurus
Yes

[29]

 Denmark
Mute swan
Cygnus olor
Yes

[30]

 Dominica
Imperial amazon
Amazona imperialis
Yes

[31]

 Dominican Republic
Palmchat
Dulus dominicus
Yes

[32]

 Ecuador
Andean condor
Vultur gryphus
Yes

[33]

 El Salvador
Turquoise-browed motmot
Eumomota superciliosa
Yes

[34]

 Estonia
Barn swallow
Hirundo rustica
Yes

[35]

 Faroe Islands
Eurasian oystercatcher
Haematopus ostralegus
Yes

[36]

 Finland
Whooper swan
Cygnus cygnus
Yes

[37]

 France
Gallic rooster
Gallus gallus
No

[38]

 Germany
Golden eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
No

[39]

 Gibraltar
Barbary partridge
Alectoris barbara
Yes

[40]

 Grenada
Grenada dove
Leptotila wellsi
Yes

[41]

 Guatemala
Resplendent quetzal
Pharomachrus mocinno
Yes

[42]

 Guyana
Hoatzin
Opisthocomus hoazin
Yes

[43]

 Haiti
Hispaniolan trogon
Priotelus roseigaster
Yes

[44]

 Honduras
Scarlet macaw
Ara macao
Yes

[45]

 Hungary
Saker falcon
Falco cherrug
Yes

[46]

 Iceland
Gyrfalcon
Falco rusticolus
Yes

[47]

 India
Indian peacock
Pavo cristatus
Yes

[48]

 Indonesia
Javan hawk-eagle
Nisaetus bartelsi
Yes

[49]

 Iran
Common nightingale
Luscinia megarhynchos
Yes

[50]

 Iraq
Chukar partridge
Alectoris chukar
Yes

[51]

 Ireland
Northern lapwing
Vanellus vanellus
No

[52]

 Israel
Hoopoe
Upupa epops
Yes

[53]

 Italy
Italian sparrow
Passer italiae
Yes

[54]

 Jamaica
Doctor bird
Trochilus polytmus
Yes

[55]

 Japan
Green pheasant
Phasianus versicolor
Yes

[56]

 Jordan
Sinai rosefinch
Carpodacus synoicus
Yes

[57]

 Kenya
Lilac-breasted roller
Coracias caudatus
No

[58]

 Latvia
White wagtail
Motacilla alba
Yes

[59]

 Liberia
Garden bulbul
Pycnonotus barbatus
Yes

[57]

 Lithuania
White stork
Ciconia ciconia
Yes

[60]

 Luxembourg
Goldcrest
Regulus regulus
Yes

[61]

 Malta
Blue rock thrush
Monticola solitarius
Yes

[62]

 Mexico
Golden eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
Yes

[63]

 Mongolia
Saker falcon
Falco cherrug
Yes

[64]

 Montserrat
Montserrat oriole
Icterus oberi
Yes

[65]

 Myanmar
Grey peacock-pheasant
Polyplectron bicalcaratum
No

[66]

 Namibia
African fish eagle
Haliaeetus vocifer
Yes

[67][68]

   Nepal
Himalayan monal
Lophophorus impejanus
Yes

[69]

 Netherlands
Black-tailed godwit
Limosa limosa
No

[70]

 New Zealand
Kiwi
Apteryx mantelli
No

[71]

 Nicaragua
Turquoise-browed motmot
Eumomota superciliosa
Yes

[72]

 Nigeria
Black crowned crane
Balearica pavonina
Yes

[73]

 North Korea
Northern goshawk
Accipiter gentilis
Yes

[74]

 Norway
White-throated dipper
Cinclus cinclus
Yes

[75]

 Pakistan
Chukar partridge
Alectoris chukar
Yes

[76]

Shaheen falcon (Heritage bird)
Falco peregrinus peregrinator
Unofficial

[77]

 Palestine
Palestine sunbird
Cinnyris oseus
No

[78]

 Panama
Harpy eagle
Harpia harpyja
Yes

[79]

 Papua New Guinea
Raggiana bird-of-paradise
Paradisaea raggiana
Yes

[80]

 Paraguay
Bare-throated bellbird
Procnias nudicollis
Yes

[81]

 Peru
Andean cock-of-the-rock
Rupicola peruvianus
Yes

[82]

 Philippines
Philippine eagle
Pithecophaga jefferyi
Yes

[83]

 Poland
White-tailed eagle (national bird)
Haliaeetus albicilla
Yes

[84][85]

White stork (national bird)
Ciconia ciconia
No

[86]

 Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican spindalis
Spindalis portoricensis
Yes

[87]

 Saint Helena
Saint Helena plover
Charadrius sanctaehelenae
Yes

[88]

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Brown pelican
Pelecanus occidentalis
Yes

[89]

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
St Vincent parrot
Amazona guildingii
Yes

[90]

 Scotland
Golden eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
No

[91]

 Serbia
Eagle

Yes

[92]

Griffon vulture
Gyps fulvus
Yes

[93]

 Singapore
Crimson sunbird
Aethopyga siparaja
No

[94]

 South Africa
Blue crane
Anthropoides paradisea
Yes

[95][96]

 Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka junglefowl
Gallus lafayetii
Yes

[97]

 Swaziland
Purple-crested turaco
Tauraco porphyreolophus
Yes

[95]

 Sweden
Common blackbird
Turdus merula
Yes

[98]

 Thailand
Siamese fireback
Lophura diardi
Yes

[99]

 Trinidad and Tobago
Scarlet ibis
Eudocimus ruber
Yes

[100]

Cocrico
Ortalis ruficauda
Yes

[100]

 Uganda
East African crowned crane
Balearica regulorum gibbericeps
Yes

[101]

 United Arab Emirates
Falcon
Falco
Yes

[102]

 United Kingdom
European robin
Erithacus rubecula
No

[103][104]

 United States
Bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Yes

[105]

 Uruguay
Southern lapwing
Vanellus chilensis
No

[106]

 Venezuela
Venezuelan troupial
Icterus icterus
Yes

[107]

 Wales
Red Kite
Milvus milvus
No

[108]

 Zambia
African fish eagle
Haliaeetus vocifer
Yes

[95][109]

 Zimbabwe
African fish eagle
Haliaeetus vocifer
Yes

[95]


document_title: Collard greens

question_text: how do you say collard greens in portuguese

root

text: Collard greens

text: Description[edit]

text: The cultivar group name Acephala ("without a head" in Greek) refers to the fact that this variety of B. oleracea does not have the close-knit core of leaves (a "head") like cabbage does.[1] The plant is a biennial where winter frost occurs, and a perennial in colder regions.[citation needed] It is also moderately sensitive to salinity. It has an upright stalk, often growing up to two feet tall. The plant is very similar to kale. Popular cultivars of collard greens include 'Georgia Southern', 'Morris Heading', 'Butter Collard' (couve manteiga), couve tronchuda, and Groninger Blauw.

tag: p

text: Cultivation and storage[edit]

text: The plant is commercially cultivated for its thick, slightly bitter, edible leaves. They are available year-round, but are tastier and more nutritious in the cold months, after the first frost.[2] For best texture, the leaves are picked before they reach their maximum size, at which stage they are thicker and are cooked differently from the new leaves. Age does not affect flavor. Flavor and texture also depend on the cultivar; the couve manteiga and couve tronchuda are especially appreciated in Brazil and Portugal.

text: Fresh collard leaves can be stored for up to 10 days if refrigerated to just above freezing (1°C) at high humidity (>95%). In domestic refrigerators, fresh collard leaves can be stored for about three days.[citation needed] Once cooked, they can be frozen and stored for greater lengths of time.

text: Nutritional information[edit]

text:
Collards, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy
137 kJ (33 kcal)

Carbohydrates

5.6 g

Sugars
0.4 g

Dietary fiber
4 g

Fat

0.7

Protein

2.7 g

Vitamins

Vitamin A equiv.
beta-Carotene
lutein zeaxanthin

(48%)
380 μg

(42%)
4513 μg
6197 μg

Thiamine (B1)

(3%)
0.04 mg

Riboflavin (B2)

(9%)
0.11 mg

Niacin (B3)

(4%)
0.58 mg

Pantothenic acid (B5)

(4%)
0.22 mg

Vitamin B6

(10%)
0.13 mg

Folate (B9)

(4%)
16 μg

Vitamin C

(22%)
18 mg

Vitamin E

(6%)
0.9 mg

Vitamin K

(388%)
407 μg

Minerals

Calcium

(14%)
141 mg

Iron

(9%)
1.13 mg

Magnesium

(6%)
21 mg

Manganese

(24%)
0.51 mg

Phosphorus

(5%)
32 mg

Potassium

(2%)
117 mg

Sodium

(1%)
15 mg

Zinc

(2%)
0.23 mg

Other constituents

Water
90.2 g

Full Link to USDA Database entry

Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units

Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

tag: table

text: Like kale, collard greens contain substantial amounts of vitamin K (388% of the Daily Value, DV) in a 100 gram serving (table). Collard greens are rich sources (20% or more of DV) of vitamin A, vitamin C, and manganese, and moderate sources of calcium and vitamin B6 (table). A 100 gram serving of cooked collard greens provides 33 calories, is 90% water, 3% protein, 6% carbohydrates and less than 1% fat.

text: Culinary use[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Collard greens have been eaten for at least 2000 years, with evidence showing that the ancient Greeks cultivated several types of collard greens, as well as kale.[3]

text: Southern United States[edit]

text: Collard greens are a staple vegetable in Southern U.S. cuisine.[4] They are often prepared with other similar green leaf vegetables, such as kale, turnip greens, spinach, and mustard greens in the dish called "mixed greens". Typical seasonings when cooking collards are smoked and salted meats (ham hocks, smoked turkey drumsticks, pork neckbones, fatback or other fatty meat), diced onions, vinegar, salt, and black pepper, white pepper, or crushed red pepper, and some cooks add a small amount of sugar. Traditionally, collards are eaten on New Year's Day, along with black-eyed peas or field peas and cornbread, to ensure wealth in the coming year.[4] Cornbread is used to soak up the "pot liquor", a nutrient-rich collard broth. Collard greens may also be thinly sliced and fermented to make a collard sauerkraut that is often cooked with flat dumplings.

text: Tanzania and Kenya (East Africa)[edit]

text: Collard greens are known as sukuma wiki in Tanzania and Kenya. Sukuma wiki is mainly lightly sauteed in oil until tender, flavoured with onions and seasoned with salt, and served either as the main accompaniment or as a side dish with the preferred meat (fish, chicken, beef, or pork). In Congo, Tanzania and Kenya (East Africa), thinly sliced collard greens are the main accompaniments of a popular dish known as sima or ugali (a maize flour cake).

text: UK[edit]

text: In Uk these leaves are sold as Spring Greens and used just like cabbage. UK market is not large as most British prefer to buy a cabbage and pull leaves off as required and prefer the light bright leaves in the cabbage heart.[5],

text: Brazil and Portugal[edit]

text: In Portuguese and Brazilian cuisine, collard greens (or couve) is a common accompaniment to fish and meat dishes. They make up a standard side dish for feijoada, a popular pork and beans-style stew.[6]

text: Thinly sliced collard greens are also a main part of the popular Portuguese soup, caldo verde ("green broth"). For this broth, the leaves are sliced into strips, 2–3 millimetres (0.079–0.118 in) wide (sometimes by a grocer or market vendor using a special hand-cranked slicer) and added to the other ingredients 15 minutes before it is served.

text: Kashmir[edit]

text: In Kashmir Valley, collard greens (haakh) are included in most of the meals, and both the leaves and roots are consumed. Leaves in the bud are harvested by pinching in early spring when the dormant buds sprout and give out tender leaves. Also, seedlings after 35–40 days (3,000–3,500 ks), as well as mature plants, are pulled out along with roots from thickly sown beds. When the extending stem bears alternate leaves in quick succession during the growing season, older leaves are harvested periodically. Before autumn, the apical portion of the stem is removed along with the whorled leaves.

text: The roots and leaves may be cooked together or separately. The succulent fleshy root and the leaves may be cooked together and the dish is known as monje-haakh. The tastiest variety and most favorite in Kashmir is Khanyari haakh. The small collard green leaves of spring are known as kaanyil haakh. In winter the frost ridden fresh leaves are known to taste better. A common dish within the Kashmiri Hindu community is haak rus, a soup of whole collard leaves cooked in water, salt and oil along with many other spices, and usually eaten with rice. Collard leaves are also cooked with meat (maaz ti haakh), fish (haakh gaade) or cheese (tsaaman ti haakh). collard leaves and roots are fermented to form a very popular pickle called haak-e-aanchaar.

text: Pests[edit]

text: The sting nematode Belonolaimus gracilis and the awl nematode, Dolichodorus spp. are both ectoparasites that can injure collard. Root symptoms include, stubby or coarse roots that are dark at the tips. Shoot symptoms include, stunted growth, premature wilting and chlorosis (Nguyen and Smart, 1975). Another species of the sting worm: Belonolaimus longicaudatus is a pest of collards in Georgia and North Carolina (Robbins and Barker, 1973). B. longicaudatus is devastating to seedlings and transplants. As few as three nematodes per 100g of soil when transplanting can cause significant yield losses on susceptible plants. They are most common in sandy soils (Noling, 2012).

text: The stubby root nematodes Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus attach and feed near the tip of the tap roots of collard greens. The damage caused prevents proper root elongation leading to tight mats that could appear swollen, therefore resulting in a "stubby root" (Noling, 2012).

text: Several species of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. are hosted by collards these include: (M. javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria. Second stage juveniles attack the plant and settle in the roots. However, infestation seems to occur at lower populations compared to other cruciferous plants. Root symptoms include deformation (galls) and injury that prevent proper water and nutrient uptake. This could eventually lead to stunting, wilting and chlorosis of the shoots (Crow and Dunn, 2012).

text: The false root knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans has a wide host range of up to 84 species including many weeds. On Brassicas it has been reported in several states including Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Kansas (Manzanilla- López et al., 2002). As a pest of collards, the degree of damage is dependent upon the nematode population in the soil.


document_title: List of Little House on the Prairie characters

question_text: who plays mary's husband on little house

question_tokens: who plays mary 's husband on little house

text: Television series characters[edit]

text: The Ingalls family[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons
No. of
episodes
Portrayer
Character summary

Charles Ingalls
1–9
161
Michael Landon
Farmer; husband and father

Caroline Ingalls
1–8
172
Karen Grassle
Wife and mother

Laura Ingalls Wilder
1–9
190
Melissa Gilbert
Second daughter; Later Almanzo's wife and Rose's mother; nicknamed "Half-pint" by Charles and "Beth" by Almanzo

Mary Ingalls
1–8
133
Melissa Sue Anderson
Oldest child

Carrie Ingalls
1–8
164
Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush
Third daughter

Charles Ingalls Jr.
1
2
Unknown
Baby son, died as an infant

Grace Ingalls
5–8
60
Wendi and Brenda Turnbaugh
Fourth daughter

Albert Quinn Ingalls
5–9
89
Matthew Labyorteaux
Adopted son

James Cooper/Ingalls
7–8
21
Jason Bateman
Adopted after parents were killed in a wagon accident

Cassandra Cooper/Ingalls
7–8
21
Missy Francis
Same as above

text: The in-laws[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons
No. of
episodes
Portrayer
Character summary

Almanzo Wilder
6–9
65
Dean Butler
Farmer; Laura's husband (season 7); Rose's father; Nicknamed "Manly" by Laura

Adam Kendall
4–8
35
Linwood Boomer
Teacher of the blind; Mary’s husband (season 5)

Adam Kendall Jr.
6
3
Unknown
Adam and Mary's son; dies in fire with Alice Garvey

Jenny Wilder
9
18
Shannen Doherty
Almanzo's niece, whom he gets custody of after his brother/her father Royal dies

Rose Wilder
8–9
17
Jennifer and Michele Steffin
Almanzo and Laura's daughter

Eliza Jane Wilder
6–8
14
Lucy Lee Flippin
Teacher; Almanzo's older sister

text: Townsfolk[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons
No. of
episodes
Portrayer
Character summary

Nels Oleson
1–9
147
Richard Bull
Mercantile proprietor; husband and father

Harriet Oleson
1–9
153
Katherine MacGregor
Mercantile proprietor; wife and mother

Nellie Oleson
1–9
104
Alison Arngrim
Oldest child of Nels and Harriet

Willie Oleson
1–9
140
Jonathan Gilbert
Son of Nels and Harriet

Nancy Oleson
8–9
33
Allison Balson
Adopted daughter of Nels and Harriet

Percival Dalton/Isaac Cohen
6–7
11
Steve Tracy
Nellie’s husband

Rachel Brown Oleson
9
2
Sherri Stoner
Willie’s wife

Dr. Hiram Baker
1–9
113
Kevin Hagen
Town physician

Reverend Robert Alden
1–9
76
Dabbs Greer
Church minister

Melinda Foster
1–9
61
Ruth Foster
Post office manager

Isaiah Edwards
1–3, 6, 8–9
52
Victor French
Charles’s best friend

Grace Snider Edwards
1–6
23
Bonnie Bartlett / Corinne Camacho
Wife of Isaiah Edwards

John Sanderson Edwards
2–4
8
Radames Pera
Oldest child adopted by Isaiah & Grace Edwards

Alicia Sanderson Edwards
2–3, 5, 8
19
Kyle Richards
Youngest child, Adopted daughter of Isaiah & Grace Edwards

Carl Sanderson Edwards
2–4
19
Brian Part
Middle child adopted by Isaiah & Grace Edwards

Matthew Rogers
9
5
Jonathan Hall Kovacs
Young boy that is taken care of by Isaiah Edwards (season 9)

Jonathan Garvey
4–7
51
Merlin Olsen
Farmer; husband and father

Alice Garvey
4–6
33
Hersha Parady
Wife and mother; teacher; dies in fire with Adam Kendall Jr.

Andy Garvey
4–7
43
Patrick Labyorteaux
Son of Jonathan and Alice

Eva Beadle Simms
1–4
45
Charlotte Stewart
School teacher

Adam Simms
4
2
Joshua Bryant
Miss Beadle's husband

Lars Hanson
1–5
41
Karl Swenson
Lumber mill owner; a founder of Walnut Grove

Hester-Sue Terhune
4–9
40
Ketty Lester
Head of the school for the blind

John Carter
9
19
Stan Ivar
Blacksmith; husband and father

Sarah Carter
9
15
Pamela Roylance
Starts a newspaper; wife and mother

Jeb Carter
9
18
Lindsay Kennedy
Older son of John and Sarah

Jason Carter
9
18
David Friedman
Younger son of John and Sarah

Susan Goodspeed
4–7
16
Michelle Downey
Student at the school for the blind

Etta Plum
9
15
Leslie Landon
School teacher

Christy Kennedy
1–2
10
Tracie Savage
Schoolgirl

Sandy Kennedy
1
4
Robert Hoffman
Schoolboy; Christy's brother

Hans Dorfler
1–4, 6
9
Jim Jeter
Resident of Walnut Grove; a stable-owner

Bill Anderson
6–9
6
Sam Edwards
Banker of Walnut Grove

Joe Kagan
4–5, 7
5
Moses Gunn
Aging boxer who retires to farm life in Walnut Grove

Judd Larrabee
4–5
5
Don "Red" Barry
Resident of Walnut Grove

Mrs. Amanda "May" Whipple
1–4
5
Queenie Smith
Resident of Walnut Grove; local seamstress

Mr. Kennedy
1
4
Wayne Heffley
Resident of Walnut Grove; father of Christy and Sandy

Mrs. Kennedy
1–2
3
Eileen Ryan (season 1),
Janice Carroll (season 2)
Resident of Walnut Grove; mother of Christy and Sandy

Ebenezer Sprague
2–3
4
Ted Gehring
Banker of Walnut Grove

Houston Lamb
6–7
4
Dub Taylor
Works and lives at the school for the blind in Sleepy Eye

Henry Riley
4–9
15
Dan McBride
recurring role - customer in Nellie's Restaurant arguing

Kezia Horn
4–5
3
Hermione Baddeley
Resident of Walnut Grove and friend of Laura and Albert

text: Non-recurring characters[edit]

text: Season one[edit]

text:
Episode 6

Miss Amy Hearn (played by Josephine Hutchinson)

Episode 7

Olga Nordstrom (played by Kim Richards)

Episode 9

Abel Makay (played by Dirk Blocker)

Episode 11

Tinker Jones (played by Chuck McCann)

Episode 14

Jonathan (played by Ernest Borgnine)

Episode 19

Willie O'Hara (played by Red Buttons)

Episode 20

Graham Stewart (played by Johnny Lee)
John Stewart (played by Harris Yulin)

Episode 21

Trudy Coulter (played by Julie Cobb)
Joseph Coulter (played by Alan Fudge)

Episode 22

Jack Lame Horse (played by Robert Tessier)
Marshal Anders (played by Jack Ging)

Episode 23

Hiram Johnson (played by Hal Bokar)
Mimi (played by Jane Alice Brandon)

Episode 24

Jim Tyler (played by Forrest Tucker)
Helen Tyler (played by Ann Doran)

tag: ul

text: Season two[edit]

text:
Episode 4

Jebediah Mumfort (played by Karl Lukas)
Margaret Mumfort (played by June Dayton)
Slick McBurney (played by Gregory Walcott)

Episode 5

Amos Pike (played by John Anderson)

Episode 7

Julia Sanderson (played by Patricia Neal)

Episode 10

Jonah (played by Shane Sinutko)

Episode 17

Hannibal Applewood (played by Richard Basehart)

Episode 18

Henry Hill (played by Louis Gossett Jr)

Episode 19

Elizabeth Thurman (played by Mariette Hartley)

Episode 20

Yuli Pyatakov (played by Theodore Bikel)
Viktor Pyatakov (played by Ike Eisenmann)
Fanya Pyatakov (played by Lisa Pera)

Episode 21

Granville Whipple (played by Richard Mulligan)

text: Season three[edit]

text:
Episode 1

Caleb Hodgekiss (played by Johnny Cash)
Mattie Hodgekiss (played by June Carter Cash)

Episode 4

Wendell Loudy (played by John Ireland)

Episode 6

Young Charles Ingalls (played by Matthew Labyorteaux)
Lansford Ingalls (played by Arthur Hill)
Laura Colby Ingalls (played by Jan Sterling)
Eliza Ann Ingalls (played by Hersha Parady)
Peter Ingalls (played by Mark Lenard)

Episode 9

Bubba Galinder (played by Michael LeClair)
George Galinder (played by Roy Jenson)
Sam Galinder (played by Geoffrey Lewis)

Episode 10

Sam Shelby (played by Burl Ives)

Episode 14

Ginny Clark (played by Rachel Longaker)
Harold Mayfield (played by Warren Vanders)
Della Clark (played by Kay Peters)

Episode 15

Joseph Spotted Eagle Stokes (played by Caesar Ramirez)
Seth (played by Willie Aames)
Jeremy Stokes (played by George Murdock)

Episode 18

Solomon Henry (played by Todd Bridges)
Mrs. Henry (played by Maidie Norman)
Jackson Henry (played by David Downing)
Kramer (played by Frederic Downs)
Dr. Tane (played by Don Pedro Colley)

Episode 19

Anna Gillberg (played by Katy Kurtzman)

Episode 20

Elmer Dobkins (played by Eric Olson)
Sam Dobkins (played by Charles Aidman)
Ellen Dobkins (played by Mitzi Hoag)

Episode 21

Zachariah (played by E.J. Andre)
Rev. Phillips (played by Larry Golden)
Ben Griffin (played by Larry Pennell)

text: Season four[edit]

text:
Episode 3

Ellen Taylor (played by Mia Bendixsen)
Eloise Taylor (played by Corinne Michaels)
Cal Taylor (played by James Wainwright)

Episode 4

Chris Nelson (played by Gil Gerard)

Episode 6

Bailey Farrell (played by Bernard Behrens)
Timothy Farrell (played by Johnny Doran)

Episode 7

Stanley Novack (played by Michael Pataki)
Beth Novack (played by Collin Wilcox)
Jed Haney (played by Eddie Quillan)
Dr. Asa T Logan (played by Burr DeBenning)

Episode 8

Mr. Dankworth (played by Dennis Rucker)
Mr. Hobbs (played by John Bennett Perry)
Bob Ford (played by Tony Marks)
Lewis Ford (played by Frank Marth)

Episode 9

Judge Picker (played by Eddie Quillan)

Episode 14

Samantha Higgins (played by Seeley Ann Thumann)
Jimmy Hill (played by Chris Petersen)

Episode 15

Nats Rachel Peal (played by Anita Dangler)
Caleb Fisher (played by John McLiam)
Katie Fisher (played by Linda McMillan)
Ellen Fisher (played by Dee Croxton)

Episode 16

Jordan Harrison (played by Ronnie Scribner)
Young Caroline (played by Katy Kurtzman)
Younger Laura Colby Ingalls (played by Sarah Miller)
Mr. Watson (played by Sorrell Booke)
Harold Watson (played by Adam Gunn)
Peter Ingalls (played by David Considine)
Henry Quiner-Holbrook (played by Gregg Forrest)
Polly Ingalls (played by Robin Muir)
Eliza Ann Quiner-Holbrook (played by Kristi Jill Wood)
Lansford Ingalls (played by Nicolas Coster)
Charlotte Holbrook (played by Virginia Kiser)
Young Charles Ingalls (played by Matthew Labyorteaux)

Episode 17

Bobby Harris (played by Michael Mullins)
Anna Mears (played by Lenora May)
Shaniel Mears (played by Donald Moffat)
Rev. Pritchard (played by Woodrow Parfrey)

Episode 21

Dr. Burke (played by Ford Rainey)
Miseth Barton (played by Rob Kenneally)

text: Season five[edit]

text:
Episode 4

John Bevins (played by Cliff Emmich)
Bess Bevins (played by Kate Woodville)
Amelia Bevins (played by Julie Ann Haddock)

Episode 5

Toby Noe (played by Ray Bolger)

Episode 8

Erich Schiller (played by Ike Eisenmann)
Otto Schiller (played by King Moody)
Anna Schiller (played by Lisa Pera)

Episode 15

Isaac Singerman (played by John Bleifer)
Aaron Singerman (played by Alvin Kupperman)

Episode 18

Miss Elliot (played by Ellen Regan)
Holly (played by Martha Nix)
Giles Kendall (played by Philip Abbott)

Episode 20

Adele Larrabee (played by Joan Tompkins—wife of Karl Swenson)

Episode 22

Leslie Harper (played by Jenny Sullivan)
Samantha Harper (played by Kyle Richards)
Bret Harper (played by Charles Cioffi)
Thomas Harper (played by Bobby Rolofson)

Episode 24

Dylan Whitaker (played by Steve Shaw)

text: Season six[edit]

text:
Episode 3

Jeremy Quinn (played by Michael Pataki)

Episode 6

Russell Harmon (played by William Schallert)
Anna Craig Alden (played by Iris Korn)

Episode 9

Milo Stavroupolis (played by Leo Gordon)
Anna Stavroupolis (played by Nora Meerbaum)

Episode 10

Rev. Danforth (played by James Olson)

Episode 12

Harold (played by Royal Dano)

Episode 13

Tod Dortmunder (played by Timothy Wead)
Brewster Davenport (played by Malcolm Atterbury)
Virginia Davenport (played by Susan French)

Episode 20

Penelope Parker (played by Stacey Sipes)

Episode 21

Molly Reardon (played by Suzanne Rogers)

Episode 22

Miss Trimble (played by Lucille Benson)

text: Season seven[edit]

text:
Episode 1

Harv Miller (played by James Cromwell)

Episode 4

Dan Ellerbee (played by James Jarnagin)
Pete Ellerbee (played by William Traylor)

Episode 6

Annie Crane (played by Madeleine Stowe)

Episode 7

Brenda Sue Longworth (played by Tisch Raye)

Episode 8

Leslie Barton (played by Suzy Gilstrap)

Episode 9

Kavendish (played by Eddie Quillan)

Episode 15

Hertzell Lundy (played by Mel Stewart)

Episode 17

Sylvia Webb (played by Olivia Barash)
Mr. Webb (played by Royal Dano)
Irv Hartwig (played by Richard Jaeckel)

Episode 19

Edgar Mills (played by Jeff Corey)
Edna Mills (played by Barbara Collentine—wife of Richard Bull)

Episode 21

Mr Case (played by Ivan Bonar)
Jed Cooper (played by EJ Andre)
Sarah Cooper (played by ME Loree)
Alvin Cooper (played by George McDaniel)

Episode 22

Isaiah Tompkins (played by Len Wayland)

text: Season eight[edit]

text:
Episode 1

Miss Mason (played by Elizabeth Hoffman)
Michele Pierson (played by Melora Hardin)

Episode 4

Dr. Caleb Ledoux (played by Don Marshall)
Mattie Ledoux (played by Marlene Warfield)

Episode 5

Mortimer Carstairs (played by Patrick Collins)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (played by George Petrie)

Episode 6

Amy Cassidy (played by Martha Nix)
Rodolfo Gambini (played by Jack Kruschen)
Ana Rosa Gambini (played by Gloria Manos)
Marco Gambini (played by Stephen Manley)
Stefano Gambini (played by Robert Torti)

Episode 7

Max (played by Todd Susman)
Georgie (played by Royce D. Applegate)

Episode 8

Callahan (played by M. Emmet Walsh)[1]

Episode 9

Elmer Miles (played by J.Brennan Smith)

Episode 10

Major Guffey (played by Laurie Main)

Episode 12

Gideon Hale (played by Peter Billingsley)
Braden Hale (played by Dennis Howard)
Mrs. Hale (played by Jennifer Rhodes)

Episode 14

Jack Prescott (played by Claude Earl Jones)

Episode 16

Sam Terhune (played by J.A. Preston)
Naomi Terhune (played by Marguerite DeLain)

Episode 20

Sherman Andruss (played by Dennis Lipscomb)
Helen Andruss (played by Judith Weston)
Louisa Beckwith (played by Ruth Silveira)
Horace Beckwith (played by Calvin Bartlett)
Nora Cramer (played by Betty McGuire)

Episode 21

Danny (played by Georg Olden)

Episode 22

Old Man (played by Don Beddoe)

text: Season nine[edit]

text:
Episode 3

Lem McCary (played by Lew Ayres)
Jess Moffet (played by Charles Lane)

Episode 4

Thomas Stark (played by Robert Loggia)
Constance Stark (played by Michele Marsh)
Elizabeth Stark (played by Tammy Lauren)
Randall Page (played by Ronnie Scribner)

Episode 5

Lou Bates(played by Billy Barty)
Mrs. Bates (played by Susan French)

Episode 10

Jane Canfield (played by Jill Schoelen)

Episode 12

Dr. Marvin Haynes (played by Ralph Bellamy)

Episode 13

Linda McAndrews (played by Sheila Larken)
Elliott Reed (played by John McLiam)

Episode 14

Cole Younger (played by Geoffrey Lewis)
Bart Younger (played by Robert Donner)
Lonnie Younger (played by Timothy Scott)

Episode 16

Matthew Rogers (played by Jonathan Hall Kovacs)

Episode 19

Ruthy Leland (played by Vera Miles)
Dewey (played by Eric Christmas)

Episode 20

Buffalo Bill (played by Eddie Quillan)

Episode 21

Mae Flannery (played by Barbara Townsend)

Episode 22

Philip Rogers (played by Robert Darnell)
Sherwood Montague (played by Robert Casper)

text: Post-series movies[edit]

text:
Little House: The Last Farewell

Nathan Lassiter (played by James Karen)

text: Animals[edit]

text:
Dogs: Jack and Bandit
Horses: Pat and Patty
Pony: Bunny
Goat: Fred

text: Ingalls's and Wilder's genealogy[edit]

text: The Ingalls family[edit]

text:
Charles Ingalls

Caroline Lake Quiner

James Wilder

Angeline Day

Mary Ingalls

Carrie Ingalls

Charles Frederic Ingalls

Grace Ingalls

Laura Wilder

Royal Wilder

Eliza Jane Wilder

Alice Wilder

Perley Wilder
{{{ }}}

Laura Ingalls

Almanzo Wilder

Rose Wilder

Son died shortly after birth was unnamed

text: Ingalls line :

text: Delano line :

text: Colby line :

text:
Jonathan Ingalls (1750–1834)
&
Martha Jane Locke (1753–1785)

Jonathan Delano (1735–1811)
&
Anne Ladd (1734–1816)

Ezekiel Colby (1739–1791)
&
Sally Fowler (1734–1834)

Elijah Blood (1748–1826)
&
Eunice Sleeman (1758–1811)

Samuel Ingalls (1771–1841)

Margaret Delano (1773–1837)

Nathan Colby (1778–1857)

Eunice Blood (1782–1862)

Lansford Ingalls (1812–1896)

Laura Colby (1810–1883)

Peter Ingalls (1833–1900)

"baby boy" Ingalls (1835–1835)

Charles Ingalls (1836–1902)

Lydia Ingalls (1838–1913)

Polly Ingalls (1840–1886)

Lansford Ingalls (1842–1928)

Laura Ingalls (1845–1918)

Hiram Ingalls (1848–1923)

George Ingalls (1851–1901)

Ruby Ingalls (1855–1881)

text: Based on the data from : The Genealogy of Almanzo and Laura Ingalls Wilder

text:
Peter Riley Ingalls (1833–1900) – born in Cuba, New York. On June 5, 1861, in Brookfield, Wisconsin married Eliza Ann Quiner (see : The Quiners) and they had 6 children (see below). They left Pepin in 1874, together with Laura's family, and stopped in Zumbro Falls, Minnesota. Next they moved to South Troy, Minnesota where the Ingalls visited them for some time (in 1876).

Alice Josephine Ingalls (23 Apr 1862 – 30 Jan 1934) – married Arthur Whiting. They had five children, born between 1883 and 1899.
Ella Estella Ingalls (23 Jan 1865 – 9 Mar 1945) – married Leslie Lee Whiting and had four children, born between 1885 and 1894. She spent some time in DeSmet, with her husband and the eldest baby Earl Leland.
Peter Franklin Ingalls (16 Nov 1866 – 23 Sep 1932) – lived with Laura and Almanzo in De Smet for a while. Married Mary Edith "Molly" McGowin and they had seven children.
Lansford Newcomb Ingalls (b. 5 Apr 1870),
Edith Florence "Dolly Varden" (23 Jun 1872 – 13 Jul 1951), on 9 Jun 1892 married Heil Nelson Bingham and they had eight children, born between 1893 and 1912.
Edmond Llewellyn Ingalls (b. 26 Aug 1880), married Edith Mae Ide and they had 6 children. (Lois Ingalls Gibson, Herbert Ingalls, Wallace Ingalls, Margaret Ingalls Cowsar and William Ingalls).

"baby boy" Ingalls (1835–1835). Died at approximately two weeks of age, of "convulsions", and had not been named yet.
Charles Phillip Ingalls (1836–1902) – Laura's father

Mary
Laura
Carrie
Freddie
Grace

Lydia Louise Ingalls (1838–1913) – on 15 Jan 1856, she married Robert Fulton Clough and later – in 1859, Joseph Stouff. She had five children, first of whom was Clough's.

Issac Lafayette Clough (b.1857, got married in 1876)
Robert Stouff
Minnie Stouff – married a man with the surname Phillips.
Amy Stouff
Amos Alvin Stouff

Polly Melona Ingalls (1840–1886) – born in Cuba, New York. In 1859 married Henry Odin Quiner (see : The Quiners) and they had six children (see below). The family left Pepin with Laura's family in 1868 and both families stopped in Rothville, Missouri. In 1869 they returned to Pepin. Some time later they went West.

Louisa Quiner (b. 1860),
Charles Quiner (b. 1862),
Albert Quiner (b. 1865),
Charlotte "Lottie" Quiner (b. 1867),
Ruby Quiner
Lillian Quiner

Lansford James Ingalls (1842–1928) – was married twice; to Sarah Dickinson (1846–1897) and later to Mary Dickinson. Both of them were born in England.

Samuel James Ingalls
Sara Belle Ingalls
William Walter Ingalls
Mary Elizabeth Ingalls
Edward Eugene Ingalls
Horace Foster Ingalls
Andrew Jackson Ingalls – had a son
Olive May Ingalls
Martha Esther Ingalls

Laura Ladocia "Docia" Ingalls (1845–1918) – married August Waldvogel (divorced later) and the couple had two children (see below). Next she married Hiram "Hi" Forbes and they had 7 daughters. Hiram was a contractor for the Chicago and North Western Railway. They spent some time in DeSmet with the Ingalls but soon moved to Nebraska. They lost contact. Hiram died in 1906.

Lena Waldvogel (1866–1943)
August Eugene "Jean" Waldvogel (b. 1870).

Hiram Lemuel Ingalls (1848–1923) – on 18 Oct 1867, married Sarah Elizabeth Woodward (1847–1910) and on 27 Feb 1919 – Ellen Parker

Laura Eliza Ingalls
Ruby Evaline Ingalls
Phillip L. Ingalls
Sarah Jeanette Ingalls
Mary Rose Ellen Ingalls
Hiram LeRoy "Roy" Ingalls
Leo Vincent Ingalls

George Whiting Ingalls (1851–1901)
Ruby Celestia Ingalls (1855–1881) (Father of the children unknown)

George
Dolly Warden
Sherman

text: The Quiner family[edit]

text:
William Quiner (1773–1831)

Margaret Doer
(1774–1839)

Lewis Tucker (1779–1870)

Martha Gráinne Morse (1772–1862)

Henry Quiner (1809–1844)

Charlotte Tucker (1809–1884)

Frederic M. Holbrook (1819-1874)

Martha Quiner (1832–1836)

Joseph Quiner (1834–1862)

Henry Quiner (1835–1880)

Martha Quiner (1837–1927)

Caroline Quiner (1839–1924)

Eliza Quiner (1842–1931)

Thomas Quiner (1844–1903)

Charlotte Holbrook (1854–1939)

text:
(Laura's maternal great-great-grandparents)
Allan Alexander Morse and Margaret Drummond *These are fictional names. Real names unknown.

text:
(Laura's maternal great-grandparents)
Lewis Tucker (1779–1870) and Martha Gráinne Morse (1772–1862)
William Quiner (1773–1831) and Margaret Doer (1774–1839)

(Laura's maternal grandparents)
Charlotte Tucker and Henry Quiner

text:
Martha Morse Quiner (1832–1836)
Joseph Carpenter Quiner (1834–1862). He married Nancy Frank in Wisconsin in 1856. Died of wounds suffered at the Battle of Shiloh.
Henry Odin Quiner (1835–1880) – born on December 7 in Ohio. He married Polly Ingalls (for more – see above)
Martha Jane Quiner (1837–1927) – married Charles Carpenter in 1860.

William Augustus (1861–1884)
Joseph Quiner (1863–1923) married Elizabeth C.Reese.

Phoebe Quiner
Joseph Quiner
Elizabeth Quiner
Clara Quiner
Martha Quiner
Charles Quiner
Theodore Quiner
Donald Quiner
Lillian Quiner
Emilie Quiner

Lettice "Lottie" Jane (1864–1949)
Nancy Cora (1865–1955)
Martha Eliza (1868–1871)
Millicent Ann (1869–1960)
Charles Carr (1871–1918)
Emma Bertha (1873–1955)
Etta Minerva (1874–1899)
Martha Josephine (1876–1962)
Marion Caroline (1879–1939)
Myrtie Emmeline (1879–1956)
Thomas Quiner (1882–1944)
George Lockwood (1882–1954)

Caroline Lake Quiner (December 12, 1839 – April 20, 1924) – Laura's mother
Eliza Ann Quiner (1842–1931) – born on April 21 in Brookfield, Wisconsin. Both families – the Ingalls and the Quiners – moved several times and stopped finally in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. Eliza married Peter Ingalls in Concord, Wisconsin, on June 5, 1861 (for more – see above).
Thomas Lewis Quiner (1844–1903) – born on November 23. He married Lillian Graham Hill. They lived for some time in DeSmet. Died in an accident at the Columbia River on February 23, 1903.

Helen Marion Quiner
Alice Quiner
Donald Quiner
Dugold Lewis Quiner
Lillian Josephine Quiner
John Hill Quiner(born in 1902 or 1903).

text: Henry Quiner died in October 1844 in the sinking of a trading ship on the Great Lakes. Charlotte Tucker Quiner remarried, to Frederic Holbrook, and they had one child

text:
Charlotte E. "Lottie" Holbrook (January 20, 1854 – February 15, 1939). She married Henry Moore (b. 1852) in 1875.

Frederick Moore (b. 1878)
Arvin Moore (b. 1880)
Harry C. Moore (b. 1882)
Ralph Moore (b. 1887)
Pearl Eva Moore (b. 1888)

text: Charlotte Tucker[edit]

text:
Lewis Tucker

Martha Morse
(1782–1862)

Betsy Tucker (1800–?)

Lewis Tucker (1802–?)

Linus Tucker (1802–?)

Lydia Tucker
(1805–?)

Thomas Tucker (1807–?)

Charlotte Tucker
(1809–1884)

Caroline Tucker (1811–?)

Mary Tucker
(1813–?)

Nancy Tucker (1816–?)

George Tucker(1820–1821)

text: Charlotte Wallis Tucker was born on May 25, 1809 in Roxbury, Massachusetts (a suburb of Boston). She died September 20, 1884 in Rome, Wisconsin. Her mostly fictionalised story was described in the four-book series The Charlotte Years by Melissa Wiley. Charlotte was maternal grandmother to Laura Ingalls Wilder.

text: As a young woman, Charlotte married Henry Newton Quiner from Connecticut. She was the first woman in her family to travel west, living in Ohio and Indiana before settling in the frontier town of Brookfield, Wisconsin.

text: Martha Morse[edit]

text:
Allan Alexander Morse

Margaret Drummond

Grisell "Grisie" Morse (b. 1774)

Alisdair Morse (b.1776)

Robert "Robbie" Morse (b.1778)

Duncan Morse (b.1780)

Martha Morse
(1782–1862)

text: Martha Morse was born on January 2, 1782 in Scotland, where her father was a wealthy landowners in the Scottish Highlands. Her mostly fictionalised story was told in the four-book series The Martha Years, by Melissa Wiley. Martha was Charlotte Tucker's mother and great-grandmother to Laura Ingalls Wilder.

text: Martha married Lewis Tucker, a blacksmith's son. Lewis and Martha travelled to the United States and began their new life near Boston, Massachusetts, becoming the first of Laura's ancestors to immigrate to America.

text: The Wilder family[edit]

text:
Daniel Wilder (1764–1851)

Mary Polly Gould (1765–1828)

Thomas Payne

Sarah Stewart Mason

Abel Wilder (1784–1849)

Hannah Payne (1790–1842)

Royal Gould Wilder (1809–1815)

Thomas Payne Wilder (1811–?)

James Mason Wilder (1812–?)

Hannah Payne Wilder (1814–1891)

Royal Gould Wilder (1816–1887)

Phoebe Wilder (1821–1890)

Polly Maria Wilder (1824–1851)

William Wilder (1828–1909)

Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892)

Joshua Prince Wilder (1832–1832)

text:
Royal Gould Wilder (1809–1815)
Thomas Payne Wilder (1811–?)
James Mason Wilder (1812–?) – Almanzo's father. Married Angeline Albina Day.

Laura Ann Wilder (1844–1899) – born June 15, 1844, in 1874 married Harrison Lomanzo Howard.

Kearny Howard (step-child, born c.1869)
Angelina Esther Howard (1876–1964), in 1897 married Fred Merritt.

Ralph Merritt
Ethel Merritt
Howard Merritt

Harrison J.Howard (1878–1918)
Josephine Howard (1880–1918), married to William Walker
Ralph Waldo Howard (1881–1934), married to Estelle C.

Charles E. Howard (1908–1978)
Clarence Howard (1909–1913)
James J. Howard (1911–1981)
Ralph R. Howard (1913–1921)
Ralph Waldo Howard (1914–1976)
Paul Martin Howard (1920–1923)

Royal Gould Wilder (1847–1925), born February 20, 1847. In 1893, married Electa Averill Hutchison.

Ethel Hutchinson (step-child, died 1905), married Willard Stevens (died in 1928)
Clyde Hutchinson (step-child), married Edna Baily
Rae Hutchinson (step-child), married Bertha Luedtke (died 1910)
Mae Hutchinson (step-child), in 1912 married George Pooler
Angeline Bernice Wilder (1894–1957), in 1917 married Arlow Laging and in 1929, George Granger.
"baby girl" Wilder (stillborn in 1897)
Susan E. Wilder (1898–1899)

Eliza Jane Wilder (1850–1930), born January 3, 1850. In 1893, married Thomas Jefferson Thayer and in 1904, Maxwell Gordon. Died in Los Angeles.

Walcott Wilder Thayer (1894–1965), in 1918 married Frances Cockrell.

Walter Thayer – married Elaine Ditch

Cynthia Thayer
Walter Thayer

Francis Gervaise Thayer – married Alena (last name unknown).

Thomas Thayer
Larry Thayer

Betty Mae Thayer – married a man with the surname Raymond, and later, a man with the surname Huey.

Cynthia Raymond
Walter Raymond
David Huey
Joan Huey
Donald Huey

Alice Wilder (1853–1892), born September 3, 1853. In 1879 married Albert A.Baldwin (1848–1905). Died in Florida.

Myrtle Baldwin (1880–1945), married to John R. Brown
Leland Edward Baldwin (1884–1913)

Almanzo Wilder (1857–1949)
Perley Day Wilder (1869–1934), born June 13, 1869, In 1897 married Elsie Lillian Merritt (1879–1948). Died in Los Angeles.

James Wilder (1903–?), married Thelma Gricourt
Gladys Wilder (1905–?)
Harold Wilder (1909–?)
Perley Wilder Jr., (1912–1977), married to Ethel Smith, and later, Dolores Moore
Dorothy Wilder (1914–1966). Married to Carl Pittman
John Wilder (1916–1916)

Hannah Payne Wilder (1814–1891)
Royal Gould Wilder (1816–1887) – born after his eldest brother's death (and so named after him). He became a reverend and married Eliza Jane Smith.

Robert Wilder
Grace Wilder
William Wilder
Edward Wilder
Mary Jane Wilder

Phoebe Wilder (1821–1890) – married Joseph C.Lamson.

Chester Lamson (1854–1934) – married Catherine McDonough.

Mabel Lamson (1888–1982)

Charles Lamson
Gussie Lamson
"baby girl" Lamson

Polly Maria Wilder (1824–1851)
William Wilder (1828–1909)
Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) – married Andrew Day (her sister-in-law's – Almanzo's mother – brother)

Carrie May Day (1856–1898) – married Orville Everett.

Frances Everett – married a man with the last name of Smith.

Dorothy Belle Smith

Elmer A.Day (1862–1947) – married to Mary MacMaster (1864–1945)
Willard R.Day (1858–1891) – married Emma Hubbard
Grace Day (1864–1894) – married to Grant Collins

Joshua Prince Wilder (1832–1832)

text: The Day family[edit]

text:
Justin Day, I

unknown

unknown

unknown

Justin Day, II
(1790–1861)

Diadema Bateman (1794–1868)

Laura Day (1819–?)

Delia Day (1824–?)

Angelina Albina Day (1821–?)

Calinda A.Day (1826–?)

Andrew Day
(1828–?)

John Wesley Day (1829–1907)

George W.Day (1821–1872)

text:
Laura Day (1819–?)
Delia Day (1824–?)
Angelina Albina Day (1821–?) – married James Mason Wilder and they had six children, including Almanzo James Wilder (Laura Ingalls Wilder's husband). For more information, see above.
Celinda A.Day (1826–?)
Andrew Day (1828–?) – married Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) and they had four children. For more information, see the Wilders' tree above (since Sarah was a sister of Almanzo's father).
John Wesley Day (1829–1907) – married Alcesta Lindy.

Fred Day
Frank Day
Albert Day
Wilton Day

George W.Day (1831–1873)

text: Neighbors, friends and acquaintances[edit]

text: Real people[edit]

text:
Robert and Ellie Boast, were neighbors and friends of the Ingalls family.[2][3][4][5]
Reverend Edward Brown,[6][7][8] was the reverend and Ingalls's neighbour in De Smet, South Dakota
Ida Wright-Brown, was an adopted daughter of the Reverend and Laura's school friend in De Smet[9]
Oscar Edmund "Cap" Garland was one of the male school friends of Laura. He saved the town from starvation by going 15 miles to find wheat in a blizzard, along with Almanzo Wilder.[10][11]
Florence Adelia Garland Dawley was a teacher in De Smet and an older sister of Cap Garland.[12][13]
Mary Power,[14][15][16] was Laura's friend in De Smet
Neta Seal,[17][18] was a real-life close friend of grown-up Laura in Mansfield, Missouri
Dr. Tann,[19][20] was the Indian's doctor in Kansas, during Ingalls's stay there

text: Characters based on real people[edit]

text:
Lew Brewster was a pseudonym for Louis Bouchie,[21] a homesteader who offered Laura her first teaching job.
Mr. Edwards, Ingalls's fictional friend
The Kennedy Family were the Ingalls's neighbors in Walnut Grove, Minnesota and their children went to school with Mary and Laura
Nellie Oleson was actually three real people: Nellie Owens, Genevieve Masters, and Stella Gilbert.
Soldat du Chene,[22] was a fictional Osage chief in Kansas, during Ingalls's stay there


document_title: What We Did on Our Holiday

question_text: where was what we did on holiday filmed

question_tokens: where was what we did on holiday filmed

text: What We Did on Our Holiday

text: Plot[edit]

text: Doug McLeod (David Tennant) and his wife Abi (Rosamund Pike) unite following a tense separation to travel to the Scottish Highlands for Doug's father Gordie's (Billy Connolly) 75th birthday. Gordie has terminal cancer so Doug's brother, millionaire Gavin McLeod (Ben Miller) has arranged a lavish party for him, inviting all the important people in the neighbourhood. Despite difficulties getting their three children, Lottie (Emilia Jones), Mickey (Bobby Smalldridge), and Jess (Harriet Turnbull), to leave the house, they hit the road, but find it congested and they are forced to stop overnight.

text: Lottie expresses her troubles with trusting her parents following their recent separation and lies to each other; it is revealed that Doug had an affair, which led to Abi moving out and taking legal proceedings against him. They are only travelling to the Highlands together to appear as a couple for Gordie, not wanting to upset him in his final months.

text: On arriving at Gavin's mansion, a tense rivalry becomes apparent between Doug and Gavin. Gordie, despite being extremely ill, is fun-loving and encourages his grandchildren, particularly Lottie, to let go of their troubles and enjoy life. While Gavin, Doug, Abi and Gavin's wife Margaret (Amelia Bullmore) make the final arrangements for the party, Gordie takes the three children to the beach. He reveals that he is descended from Vikings, a fact that Mickey in particular is excited about; he reveals his desire to be buried 'the Viking way' by being cremated and sent out to sea. He believes this will stop arguments between Doug and Gavin. Later, while Lottie, Mickey and Jess are playing, Gordie dies peacefully.

text: Lottie returns back to the house to tell the adults, leaving her siblings with Gordie's body. However, when she arrives she sees them all arguing, Abi telling Doug she also had an affair and will be moving the children to Newcastle, and Gavin with his family over what Gordie wants for his birthday, Lottie returns to the beach without telling them. Fulfilling Gordie's last wish, the three children create an improvised raft, and using petrol from Gordie's pickup, send him out to sea aflame, 'Viking' style.

text: The children return home and tell the adults what has happened. The adults are horrified, and Doug and Gavin head to the beach, where they find Gordie's pick-up truck partially submerged by the high tide; Gavin breaks down in Doug's arms. Abi and Margaret break the news of Gordie's death to the party guests, and word quickly gets out about what the children did. The police arrive to investigate, accompanied by social services worker Agnes Chisholm (Celia Imrie), who interviews the children about their actions, and after speaking with Lottie she contemplates removing them from Doug and Abi's care. The press descend on the house, with Lottie, Jess and Mickey's actions making headlines worldwide.

text: While using Gavin and Margaret's son Kenneth's (Lewis Davie) computer, Mickey and Jess accidentally stumble upon a video of Gavin's wife Margaret attacking a fellow shopper at a supermarket as a result of depression. Gavin also sees it, having been previously unaware of his wife's issues. After the press paints the children's actions as depraved, Doug and Abi make a statement to the press that what their children did was not malicious, and that they support the children's efforts to honour their grandfather, however misguided it may seem; seeing the support the children receive, Chisholm ends her investigation, leaving the children with their parents.

text: In the final scene, Gavin and Doug hold a memorial for Gordie at the beach, where the brothers are shown to have buried the hatchet. Abi tells Doug she will not be moving to Newcastle, and the couple decide to divorce civily, apologising to their children. The film ends with the extended family honouring Gordie on a hill above the beach with some friends, and then the family playfully splashing around at the water's edge on the beach.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
David Tennant as Doug McLeod
Rosamund Pike as Abi McLeod
Billy Connolly as Gordie McLeod
Celia Imrie as Agnes Chisholm
Ben Miller as Gavin McLeod
Emilia Jones as Lottie McLeod
Amelia Bullmore as Margaret McLeod
Annette Crosbie as Doreen
Lewis Davie as Kenneth McLeod
Ralph Riach as Jimmy Cazzarotto
Ben Presley as PC McLuhan
Bobby Smalldridge as Mickey McLeod
Alexia Barlier as Françoise Dupré
Ryan Hunter as Frazer
Harriet Turnbull as Jess Mcleod
Jake D'Arcy as Smokey

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot on location in Glasgow and the Scottish Highlands between 27 June and 2 August 2013.[4] The beach scenes were filmed at Gairloch.[5] The family home of Gavin McLeod is in Drymen near Loch Lomond.[5] The ostriches farmed by Gordie's friend Doreen are actually located at Blair Drummond Safari Park.[5]

text: Release[edit]

text: What We Did on Our Holiday was released in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2014 and in the United States on 10 July 2015.[6]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film earned £6,390,566 in the United Kingdom and $1,976,185 in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Arab Emirates, totaling $8,366,751 worldwide.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: "Witty and well-cast, What We Did on Our Holiday injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics.[8]


document_title: WWE Hall of Fame

question_text: who was the first person inducted in the wwe hall of fame

text: WWE Hall of Fame

text: Classes

text: Class of 1993

text:
WWF Hall of Fame (1993)

Information

Promotion
WWF

WWE Hall of Fame chronology

First
WWF Hall of Fame (1993)
WWF Hall of Fame (1994)

text: WWF Hall of Fame (1993) was the inaugural class of the WWE Hall of Fame. It was announced on the March 22, 1993 episode of Monday Night Raw where André the Giant, who had died nearly two months prior, was announced as the sole inductee.[10][11][12]

text: During the episode of Monday Night Raw a video package announcing his induction was shown.[12] No ceremony took place, and André was inducted posthumously.

text:
Image
Ring name
(Birth Name)
Inducted by
WWE recognized accolades

Andre the Giant !André the Giant
(André Roussimoff)
None
One-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion, one-time WWF World Tag Team Champion.

text: Class of 1994

text:
WWF Hall of Fame (1994)

Information

Promotion
WWF

Date
000000001994-06-09-0000June 9, 1994

Venue
Omni Inner Harbor International Hotel

City
Baltimore, Maryland

WWE Hall of Fame chronology

WWF Hall of Fame (1993)
WWF Hall of Fame (1994)
WWF Hall of Fame (1995)

text: WWF Hall of Fame (1994) was the event which featured introduction the of the 2nd class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by the WWF on June 6, 1994 from the Omni Inner Harbor International Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland. The event took place the same weekend as King of the Ring.

text:
Image
Ring name
(Birth Name)
Inducted by
WWE recognized accolades

N/A
Skaaland, ArnoldArnold Skaaland
Backlund, BobBob Backlund
One-time WWWF United States Tag Team Champion and long-time manager of Bruno Sammartino and Bob Backlund in WWF[13]

N/A
Brazil, BoboBobo Brazil
(Houston Harris)
Ladd, ErnieErnie Ladd
Seven-time WWWF United States Heavyweight Champion, one-time NWA United States Heavyweight Champion[14]

N/A
Rogers, "Nature Boy" Buddy"Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers
(Herman Rohde Jr.)
Hart, BretBret Hart
Posthumous inductee: One-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion and first WWWF World Heavyweight Champion[15]

N/A
Strongbow, Chief JayChief Jay Strongbow[16]
(Luke Scarpa)
Tatanka
Four-time WWWF/WWF World Tag Team Champion[17]

Blassie, "Classy" Freddie"Classy" Freddie Blassie
McMahon, ShaneShane McMahon
Held over 30 NWA regional championships. Long-time manager in WWF[18]

N/A
Monsoon, GorillaGorilla Monsoon
(Robert Marella)
Ross, JimJim Ross
Two-time WWWF United States Tag Team Champion. Former WWF announcer and onscreen President[19]

N/A
Dudley, JamesJames Dudley
McMahon, VinceVince McMahon
First African American to run a major arena in the United States[20]

text: Class of 1995

text:
WWF Hall of Fame (1995)

Information

Promotion
WWF

Date
000000001995-06-24-0000June 24, 1995

Venue
Marriott Hotel

City
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

WWE Hall of Fame chronology

WWF Hall of Fame (1994)
WWF Hall of Fame (1995)
WWF Hall of Fame (1996)

text: WWF Hall of Fame (1995) was the event which featured introduction the of the 3rd class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by the WWF on June 24, 1995 from the Marriott Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The event took place the same weekend as King of the Ring.

text: The 1995 class featured two posthumous inductees. Antonino Rocca was presented by his wife, and The Grand Wizard was represented by Bobby Harmon.

text:
Image
Ring name
(Birth Name)
Inducted by
WWE recognized accolades

Rocca, AntoninoAntonino Rocca
(Antonino Biasetton)
Diesel
One-time WWF International Heavyweight Champion. Pioneer of the acrobatic wrestling style[21]

N/A
Ladd, "Big Cat" Ernie"Big Cat" Ernie Ladd
Brazil, BoboBobo Brazil
Won several NWA regional titles, and was one of few professional wrestlers to have had a successful career in American football[22]

Steele, George "The Animal"George "The Animal" Steele
(William Myers)
Doink the Clown
One of professional wrestling's first monster heels[23]

N/A
Putski, IvanIvan Putski
(Józef Bednarski)
Putski, ScottScott Putski
One-time WWF Tag Team Champion[24]

Fabulous Moolah !The Fabulous Moolah
(Mary Ellison)
Blayze, AlundraAlundra Blayze
A four-time WWF Women's Champion prior to her induction, her first reign is recognized as lasting a record 28 years[25]

N/A
Grand Wizard !The Grand Wizard
(Irwin Roth)
Slaughter, Sgt.Sgt. Slaughter

Long-time heel manager in WWF[26]

Morales, PedroPedro Morales
Vega, SavioSavio Vega
Savio Vega accepted the induction. One-time WWWF World Heavyweight Champion whose reign lasted nearly three years, and the first WWF Triple Crown Champion[27] He was also the first Latino to win the world title[28]

text: Class of 1996

text:
WWF Hall of Fame (1996)

Information

Promotion
WWF

Date
000000001996-11-16-0000November 16, 1996

Venue
Marriott Marquis

City
New York City, New York

WWE Hall of Fame chronology

WWF Hall of Fame (1995)
WWF Hall of Fame (1996)
WWE Hall of Fame (2004)

text: WWF Hall of Fame (1996) was the event which featured introduction the of the 4th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by the WWF on November 16, 1996 from the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The event took place the same weekend as Survivor Series.

text: Due to Vincent J. McMahon's passing in 1984, he was posthumously inducted by the McMahon family.

text:
Image
Ring name
(Birth Name)
Inducted by
WWE recognized accolades

N/A
Scicluna, "Baron" Mikel"Baron" Mikel Scicluna
Monsoon, GorillaGorilla Monsoon
One-time WWWF World Tag Team Champion and one-time WWWF United States Tag Team Champion[29]

Albano, "Captain" Lou"Captain" Lou Albano
Franklin, JoeJoe Franklin
One-time WWWF United States Tag Team Champion. As a manager, he led 13 different tag teams to a record 17 tag team titles,[30] and four singles wrestlers to various championships. His association with Cyndi Lauper was pivotal in turning professional wrestling into a mainstream phenomenon[31]

Snuka, Jimmy "Superfly"Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka
Muraco, DonDon Muraco
One-time NWA United States Heavyweight Champion, two-time NWA World Tag Team Champion, two-time ECW Heavyweight Champion[32]

Rodz, JohnnyJohnny Rodz
(Johnny Rodriguez)
Skaaland, ArnoldArnold Skaaland
Wrestled in WWF for nearly two decades[33]

Kowalski, KillerKiller Kowalski
(Walter Kowalski)
Triple H
One-time WWWF World Tag Team Champion, held seventeen NWA regional championships[34]

Patterson, PatPat Patterson[35]
Hart, BretBret Hart
One-time and first WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion, one-time AWA World Tag Team Champion and held over 20 NWA regional championships. Credited as the creator of the Royal Rumble match[36]

N/A
McMahon, Vincent J.Vincent J. McMahon
McMahon, ShaneShane McMahon
Founder and longtime promoter of the World (Wide) Wrestling Federation[37]

text:
Group
Inducted by
WWE recognized accolades

The Valiant Brothers
British Bulldog and Hart, OwenOwen Hart
One-time WWWF World Tag Team Champions, first tag team to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame[38]

Jimmy Valiant (James Fanning) – four-time NWA Television Champion
Johnny Valiant (John Sullivan) – became a manager in the WWF and AWA during the 1980s

text: Class of 2004

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Studd, Big JohnBig John Studd[39]
Big Show

Muraco, DonDon Muraco[40]
Foley, MickMick Foley

Valentine, Greg "The Hammer"Greg "The Hammer" Valentine[41]
Hart, JimmyJimmy Hart

Race, HarleyHarley Race[42]
Flair, RicRic Flair

Ventura, Jesse "The Body"Jesse "The Body" Ventura[43]
Tyrel Ventura

Junkyard Dog[44]
Ladd, ErnieErnie Ladd

Slaughter, Sgt.Sgt. Slaughter[45]
Patterson, PatPat Patterson

Superstar Billy Graham, Superstar Billy Graham[46]
Triple H, Triple H

Santana, TitoTito Santana[47]
Michaels, ShawnShawn Michaels

Heenan, Bobby "The Brain"Bobby "The Brain" Heenan[48][49]
[50]
Blackjack Lanza, Blackjack Lanza

Celebrity
Rose, PetePete Rose[51]
Kane

text: Class of 2005

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Hogan, HulkHulk Hogan[52]
Stallone, SylvesterSylvester Stallone

Piper, "Rowdy" Roddy"Rowdy" Roddy Piper[53][54][55]
Flair, RicRic Flair

Orton Jr., "Cowboy" Bob"Cowboy" Bob Orton Jr.[56]
Orton, RandyRandy Orton

Hart, JimmyJimmy Hart[57]
Lawler, JerryJerry Lawler

Orndorff, "Mr. Wonderful" Paul"Mr. Wonderful" Paul Orndorff[58]
Heenan, BobbyBobby Heenan

Volkoff, NikolaiNikolai Volkoff[59]
Ross, JimJim Ross

Sheik, IronIron Sheik[60]
Slaughter, Sgt.Sgt. Slaughter

text: Class of 2006

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Hart, Bret "Hit Man"Bret "Hit Man" Hart[61]
Stone Cold Steve Austin, Stone Cold Steve Austin

Guerrero, EddieEddie Guerrero[62]
Benoit, ChrisChris Benoit, Mysterio, ReyRey Mysterio, and Guerrero, ChavoChavo Guerrero

Okerlund, "Mean" Gene"Mean" Gene Okerlund[63]
Hogan, HulkHulk Hogan

Sherri, SensationalSensational Sherri[64]
DiBiase, TedTed DiBiase

Gagne, VerneVerne Gagne[65][66][67]
Gagne, GregGreg Gagne

Atlas, "Mr. USA" Tony"Mr. USA" Tony Atlas[68][69]
Jones, S.D.S.D. Jones

Group
The Blackjacks
(Blackjack Mulligan and Blackjack Lanza)[70]
Heenan, BobbyBobby Heenan

Celebrity
Perry, William "The Refrigerator"William "The Refrigerator" Perry[71]
John Cena

text: Class of 2007

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Rhodes, "The American Dream" Dusty"The American Dream" Dusty Rhodes[72][73][74]
Runnels, CodyCody Runnels and Rhodes, DustinDustin Rhodes

Hennig, "Mr. Perfect" Curt"Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig[75]
Boggs, WadeWade Boggs

Lawler, Jerry "The King"Jerry "The King" Lawler[76][77]
Shatner, WilliamWilliam Shatner

Bockwinkel, NickNick Bockwinkel[78][79][80]
Heenan, BobbyBobby Heenan

Fuji, Mr.Mr. Fuji[81]
Muraco, DonDon Muraco

Sheik !The Sheik[82]
Van Dam, RobRob Van Dam and Sabu

Ross, JimJim Ross[83]
Stone Cold Steve Austin, Stone Cold Steve Austin

Group
The Wild Samoans
(Afa and Sika)[84]
Anoa'i, Samu !Samu and Anoaʻi, MattMatt Anoaʻi

text: Class of 2008

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Flair, "Nature Boy" Ric"Nature Boy" Ric Flair,[85][86][87]
H, TripleTriple H

Maivia, "High Chief" Peter"High Chief" Peter Maivia[88]
Rock, TheThe Rock

Johnson, "Soulman" Rocky"Soulman" Rocky Johnson[89]
Rock, TheThe Rock

Young, MaeMae Young[90][91]
Patterson, PatPat Patterson

Graham, EddieEddie Graham[92]
Rhodes, DustyDusty Rhodes

Solie, GordonGordon Solie[93]
Ross, JimJim Ross

Group
The Brisco Brothers
(Jack Brisco[94] and Gerald Brisco[95])
Layfield, John "Bradshaw"John "Bradshaw" Layfield

text: Class of 2009

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Stone Cold Steve Austin, Stone Cold Steve Austin[96][97]
McMahon, VinceVince McMahon

Steamboat, Ricky "The Dragon"Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat[98]
Flair, RicRic Flair

Watts, "Cowboy" Bill"Cowboy" Bill Watts[99]
Ross, JimJim Ross

Finkel, HowardHoward Finkel[100]
Okerlund, GeneGene Okerlund

Ware, Koko B.Koko B. Ware[101]
Honky Tonk Man, TheThe Honky Tonk Man

Group
The Funks[102]
(Terry Funk and Dory Funk Jr.)
Dusty Rhodes

The Von Erichs
(Fritz Von Erich, Kevin Von Erich, David Von Erich, Kerry Von Erich, Mike Von Erich and Chris Von Erich)
Michael Hayes

text: Class of 2010

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
DiBiase, TedTed DiBiase[103]
DiBiase Jr., TedTed DiBiase Jr. and DiBiase, BrettBrett DiBiase

Inoki, AntonioAntonio Inoki[104]
Hansen, StanStan Hansen

Richter, WendiWendi Richter[105]
Piper, RoddyRoddy Piper

Vachon, Maurice "Mad Dog"Maurice "Mad Dog" Vachon[106]
Patterson, PatPat Patterson

George, GorgeousGorgeous George[107][108]
Beyer, DickDick Beyer

Hart, StuStu Hart[109]
Hart, BretBret Hart

Celebrity
Uecker, BobBob Uecker[110]
Ebersol, DickDick Ebersol

text: Class of 2011

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Michaels, ShawnShawn Michaels[111]
H, TripleTriple H

Duggan, "Hacksaw" Jim"Hacksaw" Jim Duggan[112][113]
DiBiase, TedTed DiBiase

Armstrong, "Bullet" Bob"Bullet" Bob Armstrong[114]
Armstrong !Scott, Brad, and Brian Armstrong

Sunny[115][116]
WWE Divas

Abdullah the Butcher[117]
Funk, TerryTerry Funk

Group
The Road Warriors[118]
(Road Warrior Hawk, Road Warrior Animal, and "Precious" Paul Ellering[119])
Dusty Rhodes

Celebrity
Carey, DrewDrew Carey[120]
Kane

text: Class of 2012

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Máscaras, MilMil Máscaras[117]
Del Rio, AlbertoAlberto Del Rio

Edge[121]
Christian

Simmons, RonRon Simmons[122]
Layfield, John "Bradshaw"John "Bradshaw" Layfield

Yokozuna[123]
Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso

Group
The Four Horsemen[124]
("Nature Boy" Ric Flair, Barry Windham, "The Enforcer" Arn Anderson, Tully Blanchard and James J. Dillon)
Dusty Rhodes

Celebrity
Tyson, MikeMike Tyson[125]
D-Generation X (Michaels, ShawnShawn Michaels and Triple H)

text: Class of 2013

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Foley, MickMick Foley[126]
Funk, TerryTerry Funk

Backlund, BobBob Backlund[127]
Menounos, MariaMaria Menounos

Trish Stratus[128]
McMahon, StephanieStephanie McMahon

Sammartino, BrunoBruno Sammartino[129]
Schwarzenegger, ArnoldArnold Schwarzenegger

Booker T[130]
Stevie Ray

Celebrity
Trump, DonaldDonald Trump[131]
McMahon, VinceVince McMahon

text: Class of 2014

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
The Ultimate Warrior[132]
Linda McMahon

Jake Roberts[133]
Diamond Dallas Page

Lita[134]
Trish Stratus

Paul Bearer[135]
Kane

Carlos Colón Sr.[136]
Carlito, Eddie, and Orlando Colón

Scott Hall[137]
Kevin Nash

Celebrity
T, Mr.Mr. T[138]
Gene Okerlund

text: Class of 2015

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Randy Savage[139]
Hulk Hogan

Rikishi[140]
The Usos

Alundra Blayze[141]
Natalya Neidhart

Larry Zbyszko[142]
Bruno Sammartino

Tatsumi Fujinami[143]
Ric Flair

Kevin Nash[144]
Shawn Michaels

Group
The Bushwhackers[145]
(Luke Williams and Butch Miller)
John Laurinaitis

Celebrity
Schwarzenegger, ArnoldArnold Schwarzenegger[146]
Triple H

Warrior Award
Connor "The Crusher" Michalek
Dana Warrior and Daniel Bryan

text: Class of 2016

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Sting[147]
Ric Flair

The Godfather[148]
The Acolytes Protection Agency

Big Boss Man[149]
Slick

Jacqueline
The Dudley Boyz

Stan Hansen[150]
Vader

Group
The Fabulous Freebirds
(Michael Hayes, Terry Gordy, Buddy Roberts, and Jimmy Garvin)
The New Day

Celebrity
Snoop Dogg[151]
John Cena

Warrior Award
Joan Lunden
Dana Warrior

Legacy
Burke, Mildred !Mildred Burke
N/A

Gotch, Frank !Frank Gotch

Hackenschmidt, George !George Hackenschmidt

Lewis, Ed !Ed "Strangler" Lewis

O'Connor, PatPat O'Connor

Thesz, Lou !Lou Thesz

Thomas, Art !"Sailor" Art Thomas

text: Class of 2017

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Kurt Angle[152]
John Cena[153]

Theodore Long[154]
The Acolytes Protection Agency[155]

Diamond Dallas Page[156]
Eric Bischoff[157]

Beth Phoenix[158]
Natalya Neidhart[159]

Rick Rude[160]
Ricky Steamboat[161]

Group
The Rock 'n' Roll Express[162]
(Ricky Morton and Robert Gibson)
Jim Cornette[163]

Warrior Award
Eric LeGrand
Dana Warrior

Legacy
Burns, Martin !Martin "Farmer" Burns
N/A

Byers, June !June Byers

Calhoun, HaystacksHaystacks Calhoun

Grable, Judy !Judy Grable

Graham, Jerry !Dr. Jerry Graham

Lindsay, Luther !Luther Lindsay

Toots, Mondt !Toots Mondt

Rikidōzan !Rikidōzan

Wright, Bearcat !Bearcat Wright

text: Class of 2018

text:
Category
Inductee
Inducted by

Individual
Goldberg[164]
Paul Heyman[165]

Ivory[166]
Molly Holly[167]

Jeff Jarrett[168]
Road Dogg[169]

Hillbilly Jim[170]
Jimmy Hart[171]

Mark Henry[172]
Big Show[173]

Group
The Dudley Boyz[174]
(Bubba Ray and D-Von Dudley)
Edge and Christian[175]

Warrior Award
Jarrius "JJ" Robertson[176]
Dana Warrior

Celebrity
Kid Rock[177]
Triple H

Legacy
Stan Stasiak
N/A

Lord Alfred Hayes

Dara Singh

Cora Combs

El Santo

Jim Londos

Rufus R. Jones

Sputnik Monroe

Boris Malenko

Hiro Matsuda

text: Specialty inductees

text: Celebrity wing

text: The "celebrity wing" of the Hall of Fame is dedicated to celebrities that have made memorable appearances on WWE programming, and/or have had longtime associations with WWE.

text: Warrior Award

text: In 2015, WWE introduced the Warrior Award for those who have "exhibited unwavering strength and perseverance, and who lives life with the courage and compassion that embodies the indomitable spirit of the Ultimate Warrior."[178]

text: While WWE promotes Warrior Award recipients as Hall of Fame inductees,[179][180] they are not included in the Hall of Fame section at WWE.com.[181] and an image gallery which shows "every WWE Hall of Famer ever" does not contain any recipient.[182]

text: The award was created following The Ultimate Warrior's death. During his April 2014 Hall of Fame speech shortly before his death, he proposed that there be a special category called the "Jimmy Miranda Award" for WWE's behind-the-scenes employees.[183][184] Miranda, who died in 2002, was part of the WWE merchandise department for more than 20 years[185] Former WWE ring announcer Justin Roberts expressed disappointment at how WWE used portions of Warrior's Hall of Fame speech to promote the award, but left out Warrior's intentions of honoring WWE's off-screen employees[186][187] WWE responded, "It is offensive to suggest that WWE and its executives had anything but altruistic intentions in honoring Connor and his legacy with The Warrior Award", adding that "moving forward the award will be given annually to acknowledge other unsung heroes among WWE's employees and fans".[188]

text: Traditionally, Dana Warrior (widow of The Ultimate Warrior) presents the award.

text: Legacy inductees

text: In 2016, WWE introduced a new category for the Hall of Fame called the "Legacy" wing. Inductees under this new category feature wrestlers from the early years of professional wrestling, primarily during the early part of the 20th century.[189] All inductees thus far have been inducted posthumously and were recognized with a video package at the ceremony.[190]

text: Ceremony dates and locations

text:
Date
Location
Venue
Host
Associated Event

000000001994-06-09-0000June 9, 1994
Baltimore, Maryland[191]
Omni Inner Harbor International Hotel
N/A
King of the Ring (1994)

000000001995-06-24-0000June 24, 1995
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[192]
Marriott Hotel
King of the Ring (1995)

000000001996-11-16-0000November 16, 1996
New York City, New York[193]
Marriott Marquis
Survivor Series (1996)

000000002004-03-13-0000March 13, 2004
New York City, New York[1]
The Hilton
Gene Okerlund
20 !WrestleMania XX

000000002005-04-02-0000April 2, 2005
Los Angeles, California[3]
Universal Amphitheatre
21 !WrestleMania 21

000000002006-04-01-0000April 1, 2006
Rosemont, Illinois[194]
Rosemont Theatre
Jerry Lawler
22 !WrestleMania 22

000000002007-03-31-0000March 31, 2007
Detroit, Michigan[195]
Fox Theatre
Todd Grisham
23 !WrestleMania 23

000000002008-03-29-0000March 29, 2008
Orlando, Florida[196]
Amway Arena
Gene Okerlund and Todd Grisham
24 !WrestleMania XXIV

000000002009-04-04-0000April 4, 2009
Houston, Texas[197]
Toyota Center
Jerry Lawler and Todd Grisham
25 !WrestleMania XXV

000000002010-03-27-0000March 27, 2010
Phoenix, Arizona[198]
Dodge Theater
Jerry Lawler
26 !WrestleMania XXVI

000000002011-04-02-0000April 2, 2011
Atlanta, Georgia[199][200]
Philips Arena
27 !WrestleMania XXVII

000000002012-03-31-0000March 31, 2012
Miami, Florida[201]
American Airlines Arena[202]
28 !WrestleMania XXVIII

000000002013-04-06-0000April 6, 2013
New York City, New York
Madison Square Garden
29 !WrestleMania 29

000000002014-04-05-0000April 5, 2014
New Orleans, Louisiana
Smoothie King Center
30 !WrestleMania XXX

000000002015-03-28-0000March 28, 2015
San Jose, California
SAP Center[203]
31 !WrestleMania 31

000000002016-04-02-0000April 2, 2016
Dallas, Texas
American Airlines Center
32 !WrestleMania 32

000000002017-03-31-0000March 31, 2017
Orlando, Florida
Amway Center
33 !WrestleMania 33

000000002018-04-06-0000April 6, 2018
New Orleans, Louisiana
Smoothie King Center
34 !WrestleMania 34

000000002019-04-05-0000April 5, 2019
Brooklyn, New York
Barclays Center[204][205]
TBA
34 !WrestleMania 35

text: Reception

text: In 2012, The Post and Courier noted that the Hall has garnered criticism due to the inductions of questionable performers, and the omissions of major names within the industry.[206] Bob Backlund declined induction multiple times,[207] and The Ultimate Warrior wrote that he refused the honor in 2010;[208] they were eventually inducted in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Randy Savage was recognized as being noticeably absent;[209] Chris Jericho said that the Hall achieved a level of legitimacy by inducting him in 2015.[210] Slam Wrestling questioned how Koko B. Ware, who primarily wrestled in the undercard, was inducted but former WWWF World Heavyweight Champion Ivan Koloff never was before his 2017 death.[211]

text: Bruno Sammartino, the longest reigning WWWF World Heavyweight Champion, was once critical of the Hall of Fame. Sammartino disapproved of celebrity inductees such as Pete Rose and William Perry, and said of the ceremony: "What's the point to a Hall of Fame? Is it a building I can actually go to? No. Give me a break".[212] Sammartino declined previous induction offers, before accepting in 2013. Paul "Triple H" Levesque said that it was important for Sammartino to be inducted from a "legitimacy standpoint" and ESPN said that his induction is an opportunity to legitimize the Hall of Fame.[213] After being announced as an inductee, Sammartino said he considers the Hall to be legitimate.[214]

text: Superstar Billy Graham publicly slammed the hall and demanded that WWE remove him from it, due to the 2011 induction of Abdullah the Butcher. Graham wrote: "It is a shameless organization to induct a bloodthirsty animal such as Abdullah the Butcher into their worthless and embarrassing Hall of Fame and I want the name of Superstar Billy Graham to be no part of it".[215] Sabu also criticized the Hall of Fame, saying "I'd only do it because I need the money... I don't consider it a real Hall of Fame."[216]

text: 2015 Hall of Fame headliner Kevin Nash stated that two things in the professional wrestling business are real: "When you win your first championship and when you get inducted into the Hall of Fame." Nash claimed this is a sentiment to which colleague Ric Flair also subscribes.[217] During his 2013 induction, future U.S. president Donald Trump said that the honor meant more than "having the highest ratings in TV, being a best-selling author or getting a spot on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."[218]

text: Dave Scherer of PWInsider has questioned how WWE can sustain the 2004–present Hall of Fame model, due to legends being rapidly inducted. He wrote: "There are only so many people that they can have headline a class. They really need to make more new stars to ensure that they can keep filling arenas for the ceremony".[219]


document_title: The Greatest Showman

question_text: who is the lord of leeds in the greatest showman

text: The Greatest Showman

text: Plot[edit]

text: The movie begins with P. T. Barnum and his troupe performing a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). As the song continues, the background turns to black, with Barnum singing alone, leading to a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, and he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.

text: Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", Barnum searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus".

text: Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").

text: Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued amid the chaos by Barnum but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen back to her parents' home.

text: Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local pub, where his troupe find him there and persuade him to rebuild the circus. Barnum has an epiphany that causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself ("From Now On"). Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share an intimate moment together.

text: Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The new, revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.

Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum

Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice

Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. He is a composite character partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.

Skylar Dunn as Young Charity

Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".

Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]

Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.
Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins".
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, The Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, The Juggler
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.

text: Production[edit]

text: The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[10] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[11] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[12]

text: On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[13] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[14][15][16][17]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[18][19]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to serve as an executive producer during the film's post-production. In an interview, director Michael Gracey noted, "There were eight producers on this film, and it was amazing having one of them be a filmmaker."[20]

text: Music[edit]

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[21]

text:
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman

tag: ol

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album features eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom, it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1 [22] Showman now draws level with Adele's 21 for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit for 30 years. The cast album is now at 465,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 197,000 physical copies, 107,000 downloads and 35% streaming.[23]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[24][25] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[26] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[27]

text: On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[28][29]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the United States, the film was released via digital download on March 20, 2018, and will be released on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD on April 10, 2018.[30] In the United Kingdom, the film will be released first on digital download on April 27, 2018, while Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD copies go on sale on May 14. These versions will include the sing-along version, two hours of behind-the-scenes footage and music machine jukebox features.[31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of March 25, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $170.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $236.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $407.2 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3] It is the fourth- and fifth-highest grossing musical ever in North America and globally, respectively, and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film should turn a profit between $50–100 million.[32]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[33][34] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[35] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[36] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[37][38] In its third week, the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[39]

text: The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[40] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[41] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[42] It is the 13th highest-grossing film to never top the American box office.[43]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 204 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[44] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[45] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[35]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[46] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[47] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[48] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[49]

text: Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[50] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[51] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[52] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[53]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[54] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[55] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[56] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[57]

text: Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[58] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[59] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. the film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[60] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[61]

text: Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[62] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[63]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[64] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[65]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018
Best Grownup Love Story
The Greatest Showman
Won
[66][67]

Academy Awards
March 4, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[68][69]

Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018
Big Budget – Comedy
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin
Won
[70]

Costume Designers Guild
February 20, 2018
Excellence in Period Film
Ellen Mirojnick
Nominated
[71]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[72]

Dorian Awards
February 24, 2018
Campy Flick of the Year
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[73]
[74]

Empire Awards
March 18, 2018
Best Costume Design
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[75]
[76]

Best Make-up And Hairstyling
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[77]

Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Hugh Jackman
Nominated
[78]

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Won

Golden Reel Awards
February 18, 2018
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical
Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki
Won
[79]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
February 8, 2018
Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[80]

Best Song/Recording Created for a Film
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
December 31, 2017
Truly Moving Picture Award
Michael Gracey
Won
[81]

Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild
February 24, 2018
Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup
Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis
Nominated
[82]

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Action or Adventure Film
The Greatest Showman
Pending
[83]

Best Costume Design
Ellen Mirojnick
Pending

Best Music
John Debney and Joseph Trapanese
Pending


document_title: Area codes 214, 469, and 972

question_text: what is the area code for dallas tx

question_tokens: what is the area code for dallas tx

text: Area codes 214, 469, and 972

text: Area codes 214, 469, and 972 are the North American telephone area codes for Dallas, Texas, and most of the eastern portion of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

text: The main area code, 214, was one of the original area codes established in October 1947.  It originally covered the entire northeastern quadrant of Texas, from Fort Worth to the border with Arkansas and Louisiana. In 1954, most of Tarrant County was combined with much of the eastern portion of area code 915 to form area code 817.

text: Despite Dallas' dramatic growth in the second half of the 20th century, this configuration remained in place for 36 years. Finally, in 1990, the entire eastern portion of the 214 area code was split off as area code 903.

text: The 1990 split was intended as a long-term solution, but within five years 214 was close to exhaustion due to the rapid growth of the Metroplex as well as the popularity of cell phones, fax machines and pagers.  Additionally, the entire Metroplex is a single LATA, so several numbers in 817 weren't available for use.  To solve this problem, in 1995 all of the old 214 territory outside Dallas and Dallas County was split off as area code 972.  Within only two years, however, both 214 and 972 were on the verge of exhaustion.  To solve the problem, area code 469 was introduced on July 1, 1999 as an overlay for most of the eastern portion of the Metroplex.  At the same time, the 214-972 boundary was "erased," and 972 was converted into an additional overlay for the entire region.  The result was three area codes overlaying the same area, with ten-digit dialing required for all calls.

text: While this had the effect of allocating over 23 million numbers to an area of just over nine million people, under current projections the Dallas area will not need another area code until late 2020.[1]

text: Since 2000, 214 and 972 have served as overlays for portions of eastern Tarrant County (Arlington, Bedford, Euless, Grapevine, Southlake, and Colleyville) which are closer to Dallas.

text: Counties served by these area codes:

text: Towns and cities served by these area codes: