document_title: American Dad!

question_text: when does jeff come back to american dad

question_tokens: when does jeff come back to american dad

text: American Dad!

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series focuses on the eccentric upper middle class Smith family in the fictional community of Langley Falls, Virginia and their three housemates:[3] Father, husband, CIA Agent, Republican, and breadwinner Stan; his wife and homemaker/housewife, Francine; their liberal, hippie, college-aged daughter, Hayley; and their dorky high-school-aged son, Steve. There are three additional main characters, including Hayley's boyfriend and later husband, Jeff Fischer; the family's unusual goldfish, Klaus, who has the brain of an East German athlete; and Roger, the alien, who is a deceitful, self-serving master of disguise.[14][15] Stan's boss Avery Bullock, the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, is a recurring character.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Cast members

Seth MacFarlane
Wendy Schaal
Scott Grimes
Rachael MacFarlane
Dee Bradley Baker
Jeff Fischer
Patrick Stewart

Stan Smith, Roger
Francine Smith
Steve Smith
Hayley Smith
Klaus Heissler
Jeff Fischer
Deputy Director Avery Bullock

text: The voice actors are not assembled as a group when performing the lines of their characters; rather, each of the voice actors perform their lines privately. The voice actors have stated that because of their personalities and tendency to goof off when together as a group, they would never get anything completed if they performed their lines collectively.[16]

text: Main characters[edit]

text: American Dad! centers on the absurd circumstances, adventures and domestic life of its title character Stan Smith, his immediate family, and their three housemates. Adding to all the ridiculousness and absurdity are the various personality traits of all the show's eccentric main characters, listed as follows:

text:
Seth MacFarlane voices Stan Smith (father/husband) and Roger (alien)
Wendy Schaal voices Francine Smith (wife/mother)
Scott Grimes voices Steve Smith (Stan and Francine's son)
Rachael MacFarlane voices Hayley Smith (Stan and Francine's daughter)
Dee Bradley Baker voices Klaus Heissler (the Smiths' man-in-a-fish-body pet)
Jeff Fischer voices Jeff Fischer (Hayley's boyfriend then husband)
Patrick Stewart voices Deputy Director Avery Bullock (Stan's Boss)

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Early seasons and comparison with Family Guy and All in the Family[edit]

text: When asked what first spurred the idea for American Dad! Seth MacFarlane answered, "It was right after the [2000] election, and me [sic] and co-creator Matt Weitzman were so frustrated with the Bush administration that we would just spend days bitching and complaining, and we figured we should channel this into something creative and hopefully profitable."[7][10] In early February 2005, Barker stated, "About a year and a half ago, Seth called and asked if Matt and I would be interested in working on a show about a right-wing CIA agent and his liberal daughter. It was right up our alley, and everything just fell into place."[5][10][17] On September 14, 2003, Variety reported that Fox Broadcasting had ordered a pilot presentation of the then tentatively titled American Dad! and "If greenlit, American Dad! could launch as early as fall 2004." At the time, Fox was aiming to develop a new lineup of adult animated sitcoms.[18]

text: American Dad! had a mid-season debut. Its first episode, titled "Pilot", was originally shown directly following Super Bowl XXXIX on February 6, 2005. The rest of the first season, however, would not launch until May 1, 2005, on Fox's Animation Domination lineup which had its debut on that date.[6][9][19] Initially, it was a replacement for the originally failed series Family Guy (1999–2002). American Dad! was originally intended to be Fox's answer to the hordes of fans left behind from the original failure of MacFarlane's previous animated venture.[2] Just three short months after American Dad!'s debut however, Family Guy was revived, leaving American Dad! with a formidable expectation: whether the series could distinguish itself from its counterpart and succeed on its own merits.[2] Instead of taking over creative direction of the series, MacFarlane left the job largely in the hands of Barker and Weitzman so as to distinguish American Dad![7]

text: In its early going, American Dad! brought in strong ratings but fought an uphill battle in gaining widespread acceptance and approval from viewers and critics alike.[10] The popularity of MacFarlane and his involvement with Family Guy have led to foregone conclusions and prejudices against American Dad! as a rip-off of the predecessor[10] and some critics had already written off American Dad! prior to its birth as nothing more than a pale imitation of Family Guy and MacFarlane's attempts to get his old show back on the air.[9] One example, prior to the American Dad! series debut, a writer of The Washington Post published a piece that reads "But those same executives have also given MacFarlane a whole new animated half-hour to play with in the disappointing American Dad! The new series officially premieres in May but has a sneak preview tomorrow night in the coveted post-Super Bowl time period ... The look and pace of American Dad! is the same as Family Guy."[20]

text: In actuality, however, the program's beginnings take cues from the TV series All in the Family, almost a farcical animated version of the live action sitcom.[21][22] Both shows make use of political satire, bigotry, ludicrous expressions of Conservatism from their paternal main character (Stan likened to Archie Bunker), and sensible expressions of Liberalism from their daughter character (Hayley likened to Gloria Stivic). Moreover, the daughter in both series each have a Liberal hippie boyfriend turned husband (Jeff likened to Michael Stivic) of whom the daughter's Conservative father is antagonistic towards. Also in both, the daughter lives in her parents' home with her boyfriend turned husband as a housemate. American Dad! in its original form was even said to have been inspired by All in the Family.[21][23]

text: Development of a specific identity[edit]

text: In American Dad!'s initial seasons MacFarlane was described as focusing more attention on his coexisting obligation of Family Guy. This was to the extent that American Dad! was completely secondary to him, and he did not understand the show. Because he was not getting the show at the time, he was described as "just going along for the ride." Likewise, the rest of the show's creators Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman were also trying to figure out the show and where it was going.[9][10]

text: After American Dad!'s initial couple of seasons and as it progressed, the show began to increasingly develop its very own distinct approach and identity, becoming more and more distinguished from all other programs on the air. Standing out from its counterparts increasingly with each passing season, the series has been described as eventually becoming the weirdest show in network prime time. It has been characterized as serving up distinguishing blasts of surrealism.[9] As the series progressed, MacFarlane realized that Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman were on to something uniquely appealing; moreover, he realized they were on to something that sharply contrasted from Family Guy, which audiences appreciated.[9][10]

text: After the show's first several seasons, MacFarlane not only came to fully understand and appreciate American Dad!'s value but also came to consider himself a huge fan of the series. Taking note of his Twitter followers increased fanaticism and excitement over American Dad! and the "Roger" character, MacFarlane began putting considerable amounts of his time and efforts into the series, more so in the last several seasons than ever before (this observation made in fall 2012).[9] In describing American Dad! comedy styles, Barker noted that it is not as reference-laden as Family Guy or South Park. He added that American Dad!'s humor more frequently derives from "the human condition and emotions that everyone can relate to: ego, the feds, etc. And for that reason, I think our humor is a little more evergreen."[24]

text: Developing plot lines and scripts[edit]

text: On developing scripts for American Dad! episodes, co-creator Mike Barker revealed that he and the rest of the show's staff never know when and from where plot line ideas will emerge. "Just as an example," Barker explained, "All About Steve" is an episode where Stan wants his son to be more of a jock and more like he was when he was his age. That whole episode came about from one of our writers Dave Hemingson coming into our office, telling us he just visited the dentist and he may need to get braces. And the idea of a grown man with braces appealed to us, and we just decided what if we put Stan in braces, and he understands for the first time what it's like to feel like a geek."[25]

text: During the 2012–13 season, Barker revealed that much of his inspiration for American Dad! plots has come through listening to music. Barker's revelation to use music as a muse for his American Dad! writing came from attending the 2008 Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival. During that event, he watched the rock band My Morning Jacket perform a four-hour set in the rain and realized from the experience that he could generate ideas for American Dad! by tapping into music: "From that point on, I realized that music should be playing a bigger role in my writing", Barker told the Louisville Courier-Journal. "Writing is hard for me, and when you hear music that inspires good ideas, you're really grateful."[26] The Beginning of the show's main theme "Good Morning USA" uses the beginning introduction to "Stars and Stripes Forever".

text: In particular, Barker has credited music from Wax Fang for his inspiration in writing certain American Dad! plots. Said Barker, "There's just something so inherently cinematic about Wax Fang's music. [Scott] Carney's voice is stunningly clear and dramatic. And his lyrics are specific enough to build stories around while staying flexible enough for different interpretations." Barker added that through listening to the Wax Fang track Majestic, he was able to come up with major plot elements for the episode "Lost in Space" (this episode features the Wax Fang songs Majestic and At Sea).[27]

text: Barker has stated that once he and the rest of the show's staff get the idea for the plot line, they spend a couple of weeks in a room with all the screenwriters. There, they break the story and make sure that each act of the two act breaks are strong. As another procedure, Barker stated that they make a point of twisting the story in such a way so as to make audiences come back for more after the commercial break.[25]

text: "The final process," Barker explained, "is sending a screenwriter out to write the script. The screenwriter gets two weeks to write the script. The script then comes back." Barker explained that they then all edit and rewrite it, "hopefully keeping as much of the first draft as we can and punching the jokes and making sure all the motivations are there, and then we take it to the table and read it."[25]

text: In February 2005, Barker stated that as creative directors, all decisions made about the plot line and direction of the series go through himself and Weitzman. He explained that the show had reflected their point of view since the beginning. Barker has also credited the program's other staff beyond himself, Weitzman, and MacFarlane, remarking "We couldn't have made it all happen without them." At the time, it was noted that the series had a staff of 17 writers, which was described as "a big undertaking."[21]

text: When Barker was asked what his favorite part was of the American Dad! pre-production process, he answered, "I like the story breaking process, personally—coming up with the stories. To me, that's the most gratifying."[25]

text: Barker and Matt Weitzman have stated that they are accustomed to feeling scruples with adding certain material into the plots, but always follow this up by going ahead with incorporating the material anyway. They added that their goal is to create laughs combined with groans and going over the line.[28]

text: Animated scenes[edit]

text: MacFarlane played a lead role in the animated character designs for American Dad!.[21]

text: In describing the characters' appearances, Weitzman remarked "It's all very bright, very easy on the eyes."[5][17]

text: In explaining the animated side of the job, Barker stated, "Fifty or so animators from the Fox animation group are involved. A lot is done in-house: poses, models, props, all storyboards and timing."[21]

text: Also as reported in February 2005, animation for American Dad! is colored and detailed overseas. Sunwoo Entertainment of Korea was said to handle that end of the pre-production process.[21]

text: Editing, completion, and deadlines[edit]

text: Barker has explained that because American Dad! creators are working in animation as opposed to live action, they have the ability to redraw and rewrite up until the show is aired.

text: However, Barker has also stated, "It's really hard to accept anything less than perfect when you start to get wrapped up in this process of being able to constantly make changes. Eventually you have to kind of bring down the hammer at the color stage and live with what you've got."

text: Barker has explained that, ultimately, the creation process of an American Dad! episode is completed upon the producers' say-so, not anyone else's.[25]

text: When American Dad! co-creator Matt Weitzman was asked what his favorite part was of the show's pre-production process, he answered, "I probably enjoy the editing process a lot. I think I like the fine tuning of things and making things happen just so. Making the episode just kind of pop in its own subtle ways."[25]

text: American Dad! creators have revealed to working significantly in advance of newly broadcast episodes. As many as 20 to 42 unaired episodes are typically ready for finishing touches. Barker explained that a key to this system is making sure that the writing is timeless, as opposed to topical and contemporary. He added that if any material within the script deals with contemporary issues, the creators have to hope that they're also contemporary issues two years down the line. When asked whether or not this method has ever brought on difficulties, Barker answered in the affirmative and explained:

text: In discussing the creation of American Dad! and animated sitcoms in general, MacFarlane has stated:

text: Conversely, Barker has stated:

text: Setting[edit]

text: The Smith family and their two housemates reside on Cherry Street in the fictional suburb of Langley Falls, Virginia.[29] It is worth noting that there is an actual Langley, Virginia (home to the headquarters of the CIA, which is where Stan works in the series) and a Great Falls, Virginia, both communities located in Fairfax County, Virginia. The Smiths and their two housemates live in a large, two-story residence with a basement and an attic. In addition, the Smith house is apparently enhanced with numerous secret rooms, facilities, and large habitats, these unorthodox attachments usually only seen once for each (i.e., the episodes "Of Ice and Men", "Bush Comes to Dinner", "The Missing Kink", "The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith", etc.).[30] The house is also shown to be filled with many pitfall traps, one of which is filled with alligators and another named by Stan as the "Pit of No Return."[31][32] Greg and Terry are a gay couple that live across the street from the Smiths. Within the neighborhood, they are portrayed as running a neater and tidier home than the Smiths. Greg and Terry are also the local news anchor for W-ANG-TV. Also in the area is the high school attended by Steve, Pearl Bailey High School.[33]

text: Plot techniques[edit]

text: Farces[edit]

text: American Dad! has commonly made use of farces as most of the predicaments that befall the main characters have escalated into the extremes, to the point of getting outrageously out-of-hand.[3][34][35] For example, in the episode "Home Wrecker", Stan and Francine's marital harmony breaks down from a difference of opinion on remodeling the house. It gets to the point where they divide the house in two, each decorating their half of the house in their desired fashion. Not satisfied with this however, they both attempt to drive the other out of the home and eventually erect a colossal block wall, dividing the two halves of the house. The rest of the family members are forced to spend one holiday after the next alternating between Fran's and Stan's place (the sides of the house treated as distinct homes). As another example, in the episode "Stan's Food Restaurant", Stan asks for Roger's help in starting a restaurant. As things progress, Roger makes heavy changes in the layout, eventually kicking Stan out of the project. Stan retaliates by opening another restaurant next door, which becomes a smashing success. Roger responds by blowing up Stan's restaurant but destroying his own in the process. Stan threatens to kill Roger, but backs down after Roger pulls a gun on him and tells him to relax.[35]

text: Surreal humor[edit]

text: American Dad! plots are generally teeming with surrealism and nonsensical elements.[36] Many of the occurrences, circumstances, and behaviors are unrestrainedly preposterous, senseless, and illogical.[3][37]

text: As further examples of surrealism on American Dad!—in the episode "Hurricane!", a ferocious bear pauses in his attack, lowers his eyelids halfway, and repeatedly shakes his head horizontally, shaming Stan for missing him in a harpoon shot and instead spearing Francine into a wall; in the episode "Why Can't We Be Friends?", the hallways of the Smith house transform into dark and dangerous ghetto alleyways for every time Roger ambushed, stole money from, and even tried to forcibly rape Jeff Fischer;[38] in the episode "The Missing Kink", Steve and family fish Klaus are shown competing in a one-on-one basketball game between each other, the score nearly tied at 11 to 10; also in the "Missing Kink" episode, the Smith house is shown to consist of a never-before-seen underworld to which various friends and acquaintances of the Smiths party and frolic; in the episode "The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith", Stan has a never-before-seen secret control room hidden underground just beside the house. The control room door's exterior side is camouflaged with the grass surrounding it. The room is filled with highly advanced, state-of-the-art equipment. Access to the control room is achieved through a handprint reading device that extends from the ground when Stan extends his arm/hand at it; etc.[36][37]

text: Non sequitur[edit]

text: Among one of the many forms of surreal humor and nonsense elements that have been used by American Dad! is the non sequitur. This arises when the show's focus becomes sidetracked by entirely unknown and unrelated characters in circumstances that are irrelevant to the episode's main plot. Typically when this happens, it is after the show has maintained focus on its main characters for much of the episode; following this, the scenes randomly lose focus and become deeply wrapped up into the lives of never-before-seen characters who are non-central to the plot. A prime example of this is in the episode "Homeland Insecurity". As opposed to scenes focusing on main characters, attention is redirected deep into the lives of unknown characters who gain possession of Roger's transforming feces turned gold. As another example, in the episode "The Missing Kink", the show's focus is sporadically sidetracked with brief scenes revolving around the life of a drug abusing bird and Francine's inexplicable ability to both understand and communicate with the bird's chirping.[36][39]

text: Plot twists and unexpected elements[edit]

text: The series has abounded with random, unexpected occurrences and surprise plot twists as result of the characters and the very makeup of the program.[40] For example, in the episode "The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith", Steve refers to Roger for help in dealing with a school bully. Because Steve is able to correctly predict Roger's original game plan of handling the situation himself under an alter ego, Roger throws him a curveball: he not only hires someone else, Stelio Kontos (from the episode "Bully for Steve"), to handle the matter but hires him to bully Steve in combination with Steve's original bully. As another example, in the episode "The Vacation Goo", Francine becomes frustrated that she cannot get the family together for Sunday night dinner. For family time, Stan suggests a vacation, and the Smiths have a great time in Maui as a family. This is up until Roger shuts down the mechanism Francine and the kids are all attached to so as to believe they are all on vacation. Francine and the kids then learn that Stan has been programming a pseudo-vacation every year in a contraption dubbed "the goo chambers". After learning of this, Francine demands they go on a real vacation. Twice they appear to do so, first skiing, then to Italy, until it is ultimately revealed that they are in the "goo chambers" all along, with Steve and then Hayley having programmed the vacations, respectively. In the episode "Spelling Bee My Baby", Steve deliberately misspells his words in a spelling bee so as to express his love for Akiko (who is also competing), instead spelling random Tyler Perry/Madea films.[40]

text: Story arc use[edit]

text: Another technique used by American Dad! is the story arc. On several occasions, a circumstance expands and progresses across a collection of episodes.[3][17] As an example, one of Hayley's temporary breakups with Jeff expanded across a string of episodes, in which she instead temporarily dated a black man in a koala body, Reginald Koala—known for his very urban mannerisms and behaviors. As another example, since the 9th season episode "Naked to the Limit, One More Time", Jeff Fischer has been absent from the Smith house and planet Earth altogether. In that episode, Jeff is blindsided when Roger hurls him into a spaceship. This spacecraft belongs to Roger's race of aliens and was intended to return him back to his birth planet; however, Roger remains behind after casting Jeff into the spaceship. The spaceship immediately takes off and Jeff is not seen until several episodes later, the episode "Lost in Space". During episodes that aired between the two aforementioned episodes, allusions to the ongoing plot line are made. For example, in the episode "Spelling Bee My Baby", Hayley is shown holding out hope for Jeff's return. In the episode, Roger and Stan attempt to rush Hayley through her grieving process so she will be willing to be their tennis official.[3][41] In the episode "The Longest Distance Relationship" Jeff gets in touch with Hayley via a radio and ultimately tells her not to wait for him and to move on with her life. This story arc is finally resolved in the episode "Holy Shit, Jeff's Back!", Jeff supposedly returns to Earth but it turns out to be an alien called Zebleer masquerading as Jeff and the real Jeff has been dissected, however Jeff's brain is transplanted into Zebleer's body allowing the real Jeff to live, after which Stan and Hayley's memories are wiped, leaving them unaware that Jeff is no longer entirely human. This plot point is continued at the end of "Bahama Mama", where Roger mentions Jeff cannot get Hayley pregnant because he has an alien body, so he agrees to rebirth Jeff in "Roger's Baby". By the end of the episode, Jeff is human again and with Hayley on Earth.

text: In discussing the cartoon's distinguishing story arc element, co-creator Mike Barker explained:

text: Black comedy[edit]

text: Much of the wit used in American Dad! has come in the form of black comedy as many of the predicaments and circumstances have made fun of the characters in life-threatening, disastrous, terrifying, and traumatic situations.[42] As an example, the episode "A Ward Show" is chock full of suicide and murder: Roger became Steve's legal guardian and responded to him getting picked on at school by rigging the teachers' cars with explosives and killing them all. Later on in the episode while Principal Lewis was driving his vehicle with Steve as the passenger, he informed Steve that he was about to drive off the Grand Canyon in a murder-suicide. This culminated in Roger saving the day, his love supernaturally allowing the car to fly once Principal Lewis drove off the Canyon; however, another vehicle with a random white man and a black boy in it (opposite of Principal Lewis, a black man and Steve, a white boy) had also, coincidentally enough, driven off the opposite side of the Grand Canyon in a murder-suicide attempt. This resulted in a midair collision between the car with Principal Lewis and Steve in it and the car with the white man and black boy in it.[42] Another example, in the episode "Da Flippity Flop", Roger leaves a long series of harassing answering machine messages for Steve, trying to get him to sign up for his gym. In these messages, Roger is also heard snapping on various people, killing three individuals from reckless driving, landing himself in court, and subsequently becoming irate and shooting up numerous people at the city courthouse for being scolded to turn off his mobile phone.[43]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired
Network

1
7
February 6, 2005 (2005-02-06)
June 19, 2005 (2005-06-19)
Fox

2
16
September 11, 2005 (2005-09-11)
May 14, 2006 (2006-05-14)

3
19
September 10, 2006 (2006-09-10)
May 20, 2007 (2007-05-20)

4
16
September 30, 2007 (2007-09-30)
May 18, 2008 (2008-05-18)

5
20
September 28, 2008 (2008-09-28)
May 17, 2009 (2009-05-17)

6
18
September 27, 2009 (2009-09-27)
May 16, 2010 (2010-05-16)

7
19
October 3, 2010 (2010-10-03)
May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22)

8
18
September 25, 2011 (2011-09-25)
May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13)

9
19
September 30, 2012 (2012-09-30)
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)

10
20
September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)

11
3
September 14, 2014 (2014-09-14)
September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)

12
15
October 20, 2014 (2014-10-20)
June 1, 2015 (2015-06-01)
TBS

13
22
January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25)
June 27, 2016 (2016-06-27)

14
22
November 7, 2016 (2016-11-07)
September 11, 2017 (2017-09-11)

15
22
December 25, 2017 (2017-12-25)
TBA

text: Season number discrepancies and episode misreports[edit]

text: Season number discrepancies[edit]

text: There are multiple conflicting reports and models as to the number of seasons American Dad! has had.[10]

text: (A): One of the reports upholds a one-season-fewer numbering model: Under this arrangement, season 1 is a combination of both the first 7 episodes and the following 16 episodes, despite the separation of these two episode collections by a summer hiatus. Under this system, season 1 is uncharacteristically longer in contrast to the rest of the show's seasons, consisting of 23 episodes.[44][45]

text: (B): The other report upholds a one-season-more numbering model: Under this arrangement, season 1 ended after the program's first 7 episodes leading into the summer hiatus. Season 2 then picked up when the following 16 episodes began that fall. Under this system, season 1 is uncharacteristically shorter in contrast to the rest of the show's seasons, consisting of only 7 episodes.[46]

text: Commentary from American Dad! co-creators Matt Weitzman and Mike Barker has largely been consistent with (A): on September 28, 2012, the two were interviewed and reported that they had 20 episodes completed for the then imminent "2012–13 eighth season," and were in the process of doing early work on the show's "2013–14 ninth season."[47] During the show's life on Fox however, the network contradicted that arrangement as it presented information on the show's now former website in the form of (B): in listing all episodes from the 2012–13 season, Fox reported each as existing as part of the show's "ninth season."[48] In addition, Fox contradicted its own American Dad! website, also supporting the one-season-fewer numbering scheme: Fox Flash, which is the publicity center for Fox, labeled the 2012–13 broadcasts as the "eighth season."[49] Websites releasing the show's season-based ratings have also used the one-season-fewer numbering method.

text: Episode misreporting by Fox[edit]

text: It is evident that Fox either miscounts American Dad! episodes or at least intentionally discounts one episode of the series. This was established in Fox advertisements for the episode "Lost in Space." The episode was promoted by Fox as American Dad!'s 150th episode. Subsequently, numerous mainstream media reports also labeled the episode as the 150th.[50][51][52] In actuality, however, it was the show's 151st episode while the episode "The Full Cognitive Redaction of Avery Bullock by the Coward Stan Smith" was the 150th episode of the series. In addition, Fox has misreported the "Lost in Space" episode as the revealing of Roger's birth planet. In actuality, the setting of this episode is a spaceship owned by members of Roger's alien race. To date, Roger's birth planet has yet to be revealed.[53]

text: Adjustments in on-air presentation, production and broadcasts[edit]

text: The unaired precursory pilot[edit]

text: While the series premiere of American Dad! is entitled "Pilot", "Pilot" is not the show's actual pilot presentation. The actual pilot is a 6-minute version of the first 6 minutes in the series premiere. This precursory pilot was used by MacFarlane, Barker and Weitzman to sell American Dad! to Fox and was never aired along with the rest of the series. While much of the dialogue and general scenery were simply redone between the precursory pilot and the following series premiere, there are sharp distinctions between the two. Differences also exist between the precursory pilot and the official series as a whole. Most of these are in pictorial technique. For example, scenes from the pilot are drawn in a rougher, more cursory fashion with weaker coloration than scenes from the official series. Most prominently, Steve's physical design and outfit in the predecessor greatly contrast from his official design and outfit. In addition, Steve is voiced by Ricky Blitt in the precursory pilot but by Scott Grimes in the official series. There are also variations in Steve's personality.[54][55]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Early episodes of the series featured political banter between the conservative Stan and liberal Hayley. However, the creators learned quickly that this had only "a limited shelf life" and did not provide them as much as they originally thought it would. Said co-creator Matt Weitzman, "There are times when we still have that kind of dynamic between them, but not nearly what it was in the first season. And I think the show, honestly, has grown and benefited from it, because that would have gotten boring after a while."[9]

text: Roger was enhanced by being provided with a running gag of alternate disguises and freedom to exist outside of the Smith house. The show's original concept basically portrayed him as being similar to Alf, having him sit in the house all day while commenting on life. The creators, however, have stated that the character was far too much fun to keep restricted to the house, and having him interact with different people provided for lots of material. The creators have further appreciated the direction of Roger for the fact that he almost serves as a different guest star for each episode what with his many alter egos. The show's staff believe this element of the show highlights MacFarlane's versatility as he voices Roger and his countless alter egos.[9]

text: There have been three versions of the "Steve" character, the creators having twice made considerable adjustments to his design. Steve's initial design ended up being a one-off execution limited to the unaired precursory pilot (not to be confused with the series premiere, entitled "Pilot"). By the season premiere, Scott Grimes had begun voicing Steve, and his design was made taller, more filled out, and less geeky. After early seasons of the series, Steve was remodeled again. This time he was made softer, more emotional, cuter and more endearing, creating a sharper contrast to his father Stan's ruggedness and machismo.[56]

text: Between the eighth and ninth seasons there were significant changes in the show's writing staff. Mike Barker mentions (with one-season-less numbering) "We lost some animators, and we lost a lot of writers. Season eight, our writing staff is about 65–70 percent new."[9]

text: Network relocation from Fox to TBS[edit]

text: On July 16, 2013, it was announced that American Dad! had been cancelled by Fox. Shortly thereafter, however, the cable station TBS picked up the show for a 15-episode 11th season, slated to premiere on October 20, 2014.[57][58] Currently, TBS airs reruns of American Dad! in syndication.[59] The tenth season was initially to be the final one on Fox; however, on July 20, 2014, it was announced that Fox had three unaired episodes left for broadcast. Two of the three aired back-to-back on September 14, 2014, and the final one aired on September 21, 2014. Reports from Fox seemed to imply that these three episodes constituted a season of their own, season 10. Among multiple discrepant reports from TBS however, one indicated that the three episodes were the beginning of the 11th season to resume on their network.[60] TBS actually debuted their first episode through social media websites YouTube and Facebook on October 13, 2014. However, the October 20, 2014 date still applies to the television debut.[61]

text: On the show's network relocation, Mike Barker has stated, "It's going to be the same American Dad!, just in a different place." Barker also joked that the network relocation was to execute a Tyler Perry crossover they [Barker and American Dad! production staff] had long aspired to.[62] In reality, the purpose of the network relocation was Fox's move away from the "Animation Domination" format to make room for sitcoms like Brooklyn Nine-Nine. It may also have been due to the arrival of a new animated series from Family Guy writer Mark Hentemann and executive produced by American Dad! creator Seth MacFarlane called Bordertown.

text: Mike Barker's exit[edit]

text: On November 4, 2013, it was announced that Mike Barker had departed American Dad![63] Barker had served for ten seasons as the show's co-creator/executive and producer/co-showrunner. Matt Weitzman is now serving as the show's sole showrunner. The news came as early production for season 11 commenced. As of November 2013, the show's production crew was developing its first four episodes for season 11, slated to begin airing on October 20, 2014 when American Dad! moved to TBS. Barker remained under an overall contract with 20th Century Fox Television.[64][65]

text: Following Mike Barker's exit, Brian Boyle replaced him as the showrunner for the television series.[66]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that American Dad! "is not popular in Utah or much of the South".[67]

text: Series premiere[edit]

text: Until season 12 when American Dad! moved to TBS, all but one episode originally aired on Animation Domination. The program's series premiere is the only episode that pre-dates the Animation Domination lineup. In addition, American Dad!'s series premiere predated the rest of the first season by roughly three months. The series premiere episode, "Pilot", aired directly following Fox's broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIX on February 6, 2005. The episode aired alongside The Simpsons and pulled in 15 million viewers,[68] with 23 million viewers overall.[69] Both Animation Domination and the rest of the show's first season commenced on May 1, 2005. The show returned with the episode "Threat Levels", obtaining 9.47 million viewers, after the season premiere/revival of Family Guy.[70]

text: TBS ratings[edit]

text: On November 18, 2014, it was reported that the show's outstanding performance in cable had quickly moved TBS to order another season of the series, bringing the show to 13 seasons.[71][72]

text: Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Season
No. of
episodes
Timeslot (ET)
Network
First aired
Last aired
Overall ratings

Date
Premiere viewers
(in millions)
Date
Finale viewers
(in millions)
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
2004–05
7
Sunday at 11:15 pm (Episode 1)
Sunday at 9:30 pm (Episodes 2-7)
FOX
February 6, 2005
15.10[73]
June 19, 2005
6.55[74]
67[75]
8.49[75]

2
2005–06
16
Sunday at 9:30 pm
September 11, 2005
7.83[76]
May 14, 2006
6.86[77]
97[78]
7.16[78]

3
2006–07
19
Sunday at 8:30 pm (Episodes 1-10)
Sunday at 9:30 pm (Episodes 11-19)
September 10, 2006
8.93[79]
May 20, 2007
7.62[80]
79[81]
7.6[81]

4
2007–08
16
Sunday 9:30 PM
September 30, 2007
6.07[82]
May 18, 2008
5.64[83]
105[84]
6.6[84]

5
2008–09
20
September 28, 2008
6.89[85]
May 17, 2009
5.64[86]
96[87]
5.5[87]

6
2009–10
18
September 27, 2009
7.12[88]
May 16, 2010
5.82[89]
84[90]
5.9[90]

7
2010–11
19
Sunday 9:30 PM (2010)
Sunday 7:30 PM (2011)
October 3, 2010
6.16[91]
May 22, 2011
3.57[92]
111[93]
4.07[93]

8
2011–12
18
Sunday 9:30 PM
September 25, 2011
5.83[94]
May 13, 2012
4.13[95]
110[96]
5.47[96]

9
2012–13
19
September 30, 2012
5.25[97]
May 12, 2013[98]
4.01[99]
84[100]
5.24[100]

10
2013–14
20
Sunday at 9:30 pm (Episodes 1-11)
Sunday at 7:30 pm (Episodes 12-20)
September 29, 2013
4.32[101]
May 18, 2014
2.36
89
5.14

11
2014–15
3
Sunday 9:00 PM (Episode 1)
Sunday 9:30 PM (Episodes 2-3)
September 14, 2014
2.62
September 21, 2014
3.03
TBA
2.77

12
2014–15
15
Monday at 9:00 pm
TBS
October 20, 2014
1.09
June 1, 2015
1.113[102]
TBA
1.118

13
2015–16
22
Monday at 8:30 pm[103]
January 25, 2016[103]
1.04
June 27, 2016
0.98[104]
TBA
TBA

14
2016–17
TBA
November 7, 2016[105]
1.00[106]
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Outcome

2005
Teen Choice Awards[107]
Choice Summer Series
American Dad!
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[107]
Choice V-Cast
American Dad!
Nominated

2006
Golden Reel Award[108]
Best Sound Editing in Television Animated
American Dad! for episode "Homeland Insecurity" (1.6)
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[107]
Choice TV: Animated Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2007
Annie Awards[108]
Best Writing in an Animated Television Production
Dan Vebber for episode "The American Dad After School Special" (2.2)
Nominated

GLAAD Media Award[108]
Outstanding Individual Episode
For episode "Lincoln Lover" (2.4)
Nominated

Golden Reel Award[108]
Best Sound Editing in Television Animated
American Dad! for episode "Dungeon and Wagons" (2.5)
Nominated

2008
Teen Choice Award[108]
Choice TV: Animated Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2009
Prism Award[108]
Comedy Episode
For episode "Spring Break-Up" (3.16)
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards[109]
Outstanding Animated Program
American Dad! for episode "1600 Candles" (4.1)
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[110]
Choice TV: Animated Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2010
Annie Awards[108]
Directing in a Television Production
Pam Cooke and Jansen Lee for episode "Brains, Brains & Automobiles" (5.4)
Nominated

Artios[108]
Outstanding Achievement in Casting
Linda Lamontagne
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[111]
Choice TV: Animated Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2011
Teen Choice Awards[112]
Choice TV: Animated Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2012
Primetime Emmy Awards[113]
Outstanding Animated Program
American Dad! for episode "Hot Water" (7.1)
Nominated

POPrepublic.tv IT LIST AWARDSM[114]
Favourite International TV Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2013
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers[115]
Top Television Series
American Dad!
Won

2015
People's Choice Awards[116]
Favorite Animated TV Show
American Dad!
Nominated

2016
People's Choice Awards[117]
Nominated

2017
People's Choice Awards[118]
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards[119]
Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Dee Bradley Baker for "Fight and Flight"
Nominated

text: Other media[edit]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
DVD Name
Release dates
Ep #
BBFC/IFCO/ACB rating
Additional information

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

Volume One
April 25, 2006
April 24, 2006
May 24, 2006
13
12/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes all 7 episodes of Season 1 and the first 6 episodes of Season 2 ("Pilot" through "Stan of Arabia: Part 2"). Special features include commentaries, featurettes, and animatics. It was renamed 'Season 1' for regions 2 and 4. When a compilation comprising Volumes 1–3 was released in the UK, 'Season 1' was renamed to 'Volume 1' much like its US counterpart.

Volume Two
May 15, 2007
May 28, 2007
May 21, 2007
19
12/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes the remaining 10 episodes from Season 2 and the first 9 episodes from Season 3 ("Stannie Get Your Gun" through "The Best Christmas Story Never"). Special features include commentaries on all episodes, featurettes, multi-angle scene studies, and deleted scenes. An uncensored audio track is also available on the episode "Tears of a Clooney".

Volume Three
April 15, 2008
May 12, 2008
May 14, 2008
18
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes the remaining 10 episodes from Season 3 and 8 of the first 9 episodes from Season 4 ("Bush Comes to Dinner" through "Frannie 911"), though "The Most Adequate Christmas Ever" does not appear on the DVD.[120] Special features include commentaries on all episodes, unrated audio, a table read, and deleted scenes.[121]

Volume Four
April 28, 2009
April 20, 2009
November 18, 2009
14
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes the remaining 8 episodes of Season 4 (including "The Most Adequate Christmas Ever") and the first 6 episodes of Season 5. Special features include commentaries on every episode, storyboards/animatics, multi-angle scene studios, deleted scenes, and optional censored audio. On the Region 2 DVD release, a typo was made on the back cover.*

Volume Five
June 15, 2010
June 14, 2010
November 3, 2010
14
15/15/M
This 3-disc boxset includes the remaining 14 episodes from Season 5. Special features include commentaries on all episodes, deleted scenes, and a Power Hour Drinking Game.

Volume Six
April 19, 2011
June 27, 2011
July 13, 2011[122]
18
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes all 18 episodes from Season 6. Special features include commentaries on selected episodes, deleted scenes, and the making of the episode "Rapture's Delight".[123]

Volume Seven
April 17, 2012
May 14, 2012[124]
May 16, 2012
19
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes all 19 episodes from Season 7, along with commentaries on select episodes, deleted scenes, American Dad! at Comic-Con 2010, and "I ❤ Sir Patrick Stewart".

Volume Eight
September 24, 2013
August 5, 2013[125]
August 21, 2013
18
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes all 18 episodes of Season 8, along with commentaries on select episodes, deleted scenes, and "Stan's Booty Dance".

Volume Nine
July 1, 2014
October 6, 2014[126]
September 3, 2014
19
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set includes all 19 episodes of Season 9. The Region 1 version is an Amazon exclusive being manufactured on demand on DVD-R by CreateSpace.

Volume Ten
May 21, 2015[127]
October 17, 2016[128]
January 6, 2016
20
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set contains all 20 episodes from Season 10. The Region 1 version is an Amazon exclusive being manufactured on demand on DVD-R by CreateSpace.

Volume Eleven
December 13, 2016
November 14, 2016[129]
November 30, 2016
18
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set contains all three episodes from Season 11 and all 15 episodes from Season 12. The Region 1 version is an Amazon exclusive being manufactured on demand on DVD-R by CreateSpace.

Volume Twelve
November 7, 2017
November 13, 2017

22
15/15/M
This 3-disc box set contains all 22 episodes from Season 13. The Region 1 version is an Amazon exclusive being manufactured on demand on DVD-R by CreateSpace.

text:
The Volume One release was retitled Season One for the Region 2 and 4 releases, however the subsequent releases retained the Volume titles.
On the packaging for the Season 1 release on Region 2 DVD, there was no mention of audio commentaries or some of the bonus features, leading many to mistakenly believe they had been omitted from the release.
The Region 2 and 4 DVDs do not have censored audio tracks on any episodes; however, Volume 3 has so-called "uncensored tracks" on the set (probably an error from the transfer because the tracks are already automatically uncensored on the set).
The Volume 4 DVD release blurb contained information on the episode "Phantom of the Telethon", which was instead featured on Volume 5.
On Volume 6, despite claims of being uncensored, the bleeps from "Home Adrone", "My Morning Straitjacket", and "G-String Circus" are not removed.
Volume 9 features all episodes from Season 9, but features the poster from Season 10's "Poltergasm".

text: Potential film adaptation[edit]

text: At Comic-Con 2013 on July 20, Mike Barker revealed that an American Dad! movie—centering on Roger and set on his birth planet—may take place in the future. Barker did not announce any specifics as it relates to the nature and type of film he and the rest of the show's creators had in mind for the series; however, he strongly suggested that a movie is where the show's staff and creators would like to take things. Barker further hinted that an American Dad! movie may already even be in the works and partially written. No further information about the movie was released following Barker's exit from the series in November 2013.[62]

text: Crossovers with other animated sitcoms[edit]

text: American Dad! characters have appeared on other animated sitcoms and vice versa. To date, all of American Dad!'s crossovers have involved two other animated programs. The other two animated programs were also created by Seth MacFarlane: Family Guy (the crossover episode "Bigfat" also consisted of King of the Hill characters), and the cancelled series The Cleveland Show.

text: On December 8, 2013, Bart Simpson made a cameo appearance in the American Dad! season 10 episode, "Faking Bad". Though unofficial, this marked the first ever Simpsons/American Dad! crossover.[130]

text: Online Gambling[edit]

text: Playtech signed on for the development of a 40-line branded slot game based on Fox Broadcasting Company's animated sitcom, American Dad. Released online in May 2017, Stan Smith, Francine, Hayley, Klaus and Roger are featured along with special game bonuses including re-spins, free spins and 'Wheels and the Legman'.[131]


document_title: Climate of North Dakota

question_text: when does it get cold in north dakota

question_tokens: when does it get cold in north dakota

root

text: Climate of North Dakota

text: General climatology[edit]

text: Due to its location in the center of North America North Dakota experiences temperature extremes characteristic of a continental climate, with cold winters and mild to hot summers.[2] Each season has distinctive upper air patterns which bring different weather conditions with them. One feature of a continental climate is that weather patterns can be unpredictable. For example, an Alberta clipper, a low pressure system originating in the province of Alberta in Canada, would be a common winter occurrence in North Dakota. But with the general unpredictability of weather in a continental climate, such a storm system could occur in spring, or in late autumn. Hot weather, though usually confined to July and August, can sometimes begin as early as April or May, and could spill over into September or October.[3]

tag: p

text: Being 1,000 miles (1,609 km) from any large body of water (with the exception of Lake Superior), temperatures and precipitation in North Dakota can vary widely. North Dakota is far enough north to experience −60 °F (−51 °C) temperatures and blizzards during the winter months, but far enough south to experience 121 °F (49 °C) temperatures and tornado outbreaks in the summer.[4] The 181 °F degree (100 °C) variation between North Dakota's highest and lowest temperature is the 3rd largest variation of any U.S. State, and the largest of any non-mountainous state.[5]

text: North Dakota is far from major sources of moisture and is in the transition zone between the moist East and the semi-arid West, as precipitation and humidity decrease from east to west. Annual average precipitation across the state ranges from around 14 in (35.6 cm) in the west to 22 in (55.9 cm) in the east.[6] Snow is the main form of precipitation from November through March, while rain is the most common the rest of the year. It has snowed in North Dakota during every month except July and August.

text: Statistics for ThreadEx cities[edit]

text:
[show]Climate data for Bismarck Municipal Airport, North Dakota (1981–2010 normals,[a] extremes 1874–present[b])

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
63
(17)
73
(23)
81
(27)
93
(34)
102
(39)
111
(44)
114
(46)
109
(43)
105
(41)
95
(35)
79
(26)
66
(19)
114
(46)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
46.8
(8.2)
51.0
(10.6)
65.7
(18.7)
81.2
(27.3)
86.9
(30.5)
93.2
(34)
98.8
(37.1)
98.2
(36.8)
92.2
(33.4)
81.9
(27.7)
63.9
(17.7)
48.5
(9.2)
101.6
(38.7)

Average high °F (°C)
23.4
(−4.8)
28.3
(−2.1)
40.4
(4.7)
57.0
(13.9)
68.4
(20.2)
77.2
(25.1)
84.7
(29.3)
83.5
(28.6)
72.1
(22.3)
57.5
(14.2)
39.6
(4.2)
26.2
(−3.2)
54.86
(12.7)

Average low °F (°C)
2.2
(−16.6)
7.9
(−13.4)
19.4
(−7)
30.7
(−0.7)
42.7
(5.9)
52.0
(11.1)
57.4
(14.1)
55.5
(13.1)
44.9
(7.2)
32.2
(0.1)
18.8
(−7.3)
6.1
(−14.4)
30.82
(−0.66)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
−22.8
(−30.4)
−19.3
(−28.5)
−5.3
(−20.7)
13.7
(−10.2)
27.0
(−2.8)
38.8
(3.8)
45.6
(7.6)
41.6
(5.3)
28.6
(−1.9)
15.3
(−9.3)
−1.7
(−18.7)
−17.5
(−27.5)
−29.4
(−34.1)

Record low °F (°C)
−45
(−43)
−45
(−43)
−36
(−38)
−12
(−24)
13
(−11)
30
(−1)
32
(0)
32
(0)
10
(−12)
−10
(−23)
−30
(−34)
−43
(−42)
−45
(−43)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.43
(10.9)
0.51
(13)
0.87
(22.1)
1.26
(32)
2.40
(61)
3.17
(80.5)
2.89
(73.4)
2.28
(57.9)
1.59
(40.4)
1.25
(31.8)
0.71
(18)
0.49
(12.4)
17.85
(453.4)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
8.9
(22.6)
8.1
(20.6)
9.1
(23.1)
4.2
(10.7)
0.4
(1)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.5)
2.2
(5.6)
8.8
(22.4)
9.3
(23.6)
51.2
(130)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
7.5
7.0
7.9
7.4
10.1
11.2
9.7
8.2
7.5
6.6
7.0
7.6
97.7

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
9.7
8.1
6.4
2.5
0.4
0
0
0
0.1
1.4
6.6
10.0
45.2

Average relative humidity (%)
71.3
72.4
69.9
61.8
60.1
65.0
61.8
60.6
63.7
63.8
72.0
74.5
66.4

Mean monthly sunshine hours
149.4
153.5
222.3
244.3
296.1
318.1
354.6
316.2
245.9
191.7
122.6
122.9
2,737.6

Percent possible sunshine
53
53
60
60
64
67
74
72
65
57
43
46
61

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990),[7][8][9] The Weather Channel[10]

tag: table

text:
[show]Climate data for Fargo, North Dakota (Hector Int'l), 1981–2010 normals,[c] extremes 1881–present[d]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
55
(13)
66
(19)
80
(27)
100
(38)
104
(40)
104
(40)
114
(46)
106
(41)
102
(39)
97
(36)
74
(23)
65
(18)
114
(46)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
39.6
(4.2)
43.1
(6.2)
57.0
(13.9)
79.9
(26.6)
88.1
(31.2)
91.6
(33.1)
94.0
(34.4)
93.8
(34.3)
89.2
(31.8)
78.2
(25.7)
59.3
(15.2)
41.2
(5.1)
97.0
(36.1)

Average high °F (°C)
18.4
(−7.6)
23.7
(−4.6)
36.3
(2.4)
55.8
(13.2)
69.3
(20.7)
77.4
(25.2)
82.5
(28.1)
81.2
(27.3)
70.8
(21.6)
56.0
(13.3)
37.3
(2.9)
22.3
(−5.4)
52.58
(11.43)

Average low °F (°C)
0.1
(−17.7)
5.6
(−14.7)
19.4
(−7)
32.7
(0.4)
44.9
(7.2)
55.0
(12.8)
59.5
(15.3)
57.3
(14.1)
47.4
(8.6)
35.1
(1.7)
20.3
(−6.5)
5.9
(−14.5)
31.93
(−0.03)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
−22.5
(−30.3)
−19
(−28)
−6.1
(−21.2)
16.9
(−8.4)
28.6
(−1.9)
41.1
(5.1)
47.1
(8.4)
43.4
(6.3)
30.7
(−0.7)
19.3
(−7.1)
0.3
(−17.6)
−16.6
(−27)
−26
(−32)

Record low °F (°C)
−48
(−44)
−47
(−44)
−34
(−37)
−13
(−25)
14
(−10)
28
(−2)
36
(2)
32
(0)
17
(−8)
−4
(−20)
−27
(−33)
−36
(−38)
−48
(−44)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.70
(17.8)
0.61
(15.5)
1.30
(33)
1.36
(34.5)
2.81
(71.4)
3.90
(99.1)
2.79
(70.9)
2.56
(65)
2.57
(65.3)
2.15
(54.6)
1.00
(25.4)
0.83
(21.1)
22.58
(573.5)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
11.2
(28.4)
7.0
(17.8)
9.1
(23.1)
3.0
(7.6)
trace
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.7
(1.8)
7.9
(20.1)
11.2
(28.4)
50.1
(127.3)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
8.3
7.2
8.3
7.4
11.0
11.7
9.5
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.1
9.2
105.8

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
8.9
6.7
5.3
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
0.8
5.4
9.5
38.4

Average relative humidity (%)
73.1
74.7
76.0
65.6
60.0
66.1
66.9
66.5
69.2
68.8
75.7
76.1
69.9

Mean monthly sunshine hours
140.9
153.9
212.3
241.6
283.2
303.2
350.2
313.2
231.2
178.9
113.1
107.4
2,629.1

Percent possible sunshine
51
53
58
59
61
64
73
71
61
53
40
40
59

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[11][12][13][14]

text:
[show]Climate data for Grand Forks International Airport, North Dakota (1981–2010 normals,[15] extremes 1893–present[16]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
52
(11)
67
(19)
83
(28)
100
(38)
105
(41)
105
(41)
109
(43)
104
(40)
103
(39)
95
(35)
75
(24)
58
(14)
109
(43)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
39.2
(4)
42.0
(5.6)
54.2
(12.3)
78.1
(25.6)
87.2
(30.7)
90.3
(32.4)
92.3
(33.5)
93.5
(34.2)
89.1
(31.7)
76.3
(24.6)
57.4
(14.1)
40.3
(4.6)
96.0
(35.6)

Average high °F (°C)
16.5
(−8.6)
21.9
(−5.6)
34.2
(1.2)
53.9
(12.2)
68.0
(20)
76.1
(24.5)
81.0
(27.2)
80.2
(26.8)
69.6
(20.9)
54.3
(12.4)
35.1
(1.7)
20.3
(−6.5)
51.1
(10.6)

Average low °F (°C)
−3.1
(−19.5)
2.1
(−16.6)
16.1
(−8.8)
30.0
(−1.1)
41.5
(5.3)
52.0
(11.1)
56.3
(13.5)
54.0
(12.2)
44.2
(6.8)
31.9
(−0.1)
17.0
(−8.3)
2.6
(−16.3)
28.9
(−1.7)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
−25.4
(−31.9)
−21.4
(−29.7)
−8.2
(−22.3)
16.2
(−8.8)
27.6
(−2.4)
40.3
(4.6)
46.0
(7.8)
41.3
(5.2)
30.1
(−1.1)
17.3
(−8.2)
−2
(−19)
−18.9
(−28.3)
−29
(−34)

Record low °F (°C)
−43
(−42)
−42
(−41)
−36
(−38)
−9
(−23)
5
(−15)
28
(−2)
30
(−1)
30
(−1)
11
(−12)
−9
(−23)
−35
(−37)
−37
(−38)
−43
(−42)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.55
(14)
0.52
(13.2)
0.96
(24.4)
1.01
(25.7)
2.68
(68.1)
3.48
(88.4)
3.15
(80)
2.88
(73.2)
2.05
(52.1)
1.97
(50)
0.95
(24.1)
0.61
(15.5)
20.81
(528.7)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
10.7
(27.2)
6.6
(16.8)
7.2
(18.3)
2.6
(6.6)
0.1
(0.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
trace
1.5
(3.8)
7.7
(19.6)
10.7
(27.2)
47.1
(119.6)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
8.1
6.6
7.5
7.0
10.6
11.6
10.5
9.1
8.3
8.5
6.9
8.5
103.2

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
10.1
7.1
5.5
1.9
0.2
0
0
0
0
1.3
5.6
9.8
41.5

Source: NOAA[17][18]

text:
[show]Climate data for Williston, North Dakota (Sloulin Int'l), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1894–present[e]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
58
(14)
66
(19)
84
(29)
92
(33)
106
(41)
108
(42)
110
(43)
108
(42)
104
(40)
93
(34)
76
(24)
63
(17)
110
(43)

Average high °F (°C)
21.9
(−5.6)
27.5
(−2.5)
40.4
(4.7)
57.0
(13.9)
67.7
(19.8)
76.8
(24.9)
84.4
(29.1)
83.8
(28.8)
71.3
(21.8)
56.3
(13.5)
37.9
(3.3)
24.4
(−4.2)
54.1
(12.3)

Average low °F (°C)
0.1
(−17.7)
6.3
(−14.3)
18.2
(−7.7)
29.7
(−1.3)
40.5
(4.7)
49.7
(9.8)
55.8
(13.2)
53.9
(12.2)
42.1
(5.6)
29.8
(−1.2)
16.4
(−8.7)
3.3
(−15.9)
28.8
(−1.8)

Record low °F (°C)
−42
(−41)
−50
(−46)
−35
(−37)
−15
(−26)
10
(−12)
26
(−3)
34
(1)
32
(0)
13
(−11)
−9
(−23)
−27
(−33)
−50
(−46)
−50
(−46)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.59
(15)
0.39
(9.9)
0.71
(18)
1.00
(25.4)
1.92
(48.8)
2.52
(64)
2.54
(64.5)
1.45
(36.8)
1.06
(26.9)
0.92
(23.4)
0.65
(16.5)
0.62
(15.7)
14.37
(365)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
10.0
(25.4)
5.7
(14.5)
6.2
(15.7)
3.7
(9.4)
1.3
(3.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.5)
2.6
(6.6)
6.1
(15.5)
9.5
(24.1)
45.3
(115.1)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
7.5
6.0
7.6
7.7
10.0
11.5
9.0
8.2
7.4
6.3
6.7
8.6
96.5

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
8.7
6.4
6.0
2.4
0.8
0
0
0
0.1
1.8
5.9
9.1
41.2

Average relative humidity (%)
76.2
75.6
72.5
61.4
58.5
59.6
56.1
54.9
61.1
65.2
74.9
77.1
66.1

Mean monthly sunshine hours
144.5
169.7
227.3
250.3
297.9
326.0
366.3
331.5
249.5
197.1
122.2
125.5
2,807.8

Percent possible sunshine
53
59
62
61
63
68
76
75
66
59
44
48
63

Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1962–1990, sun 1961–1990)[f][20][21][22]

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Winter in North Dakota is characterized by cold (below freezing) temperatures and snowfall. Snow is the main form of winter precipitation, but freezing rain, ice, sleet, and sometimes even rain are all possible during the winter months. Common storm systems include Alberta clippers or Panhandle hooks, some of which evolve into blizzards. Annual snowfall averages from 26 inches (66 cm) in the central part of the state to 38 inches (96.5 cm) in the northeast and southwest.[23] Temperatures as low as −60 °F (−51 °C) have occurred during North Dakota winters.[4]

text: Spring is a time of major transition in North Dakota. Early spring commonly sees snowstorms, but by late spring as temperatures begin to moderate the state can experience tornado outbreaks, a risk which diminishes but does not cease through the summer and into the fall as North Dakota lies at the northern edge of Tornado Alley. Springtime flooding is a relatively common event in the Red River Valley, due to the river flowing north into Canada. The spring melt and the eventual runoff typically begins earlier in the southern part of the valley than in the northern part.[24] The most destructive flooding in eastern North Dakota occurred in 1997, which caused extensive damage to Grand Forks.[25]

text: Summer sees heat and humidity predominate in the east, while hotter and less humid conditions are generally present in the west. These humid conditions help kick off thunderstorm activity 22–34 days a year. Summer high temperatures in North Dakota average in the mid 80s (30 °C) in the west to the upper 70s (25 °C) in the east, with temperatures as hot as 121 °F (49 °C) possible.[4] The growing season in North Dakota usually begins in April, and harvest begins in September and October. Tornadoes are possible in North Dakota from April through October, but the peak tornado month is July, followed by June and August. The state averages 13 tornadoes per year. Depending on location, average annual precipitation ranges from 14 in (35.6 cm) to 22 in (55.9 cm).[6]

text: Autumn weather in North Dakota is largely the reverse of spring weather. The jet stream, which tends to weaken in summer, begins to re-strengthen, leading to a quicker changing of weather patterns and an increased variability of temperatures. By late October and November these storm systems become strong enough to form major winter storms. Fall and spring are the windiest times of the year in North Dakota.

text: 2017 Drought[edit]

text: As of September 2017, the United States Drought Monitor recorded abnormally dryweather conditions across the entire state.[26] The drought is considered severe and unprecedented, and because of its nature as a "unpredictable, sudden event brought on by sustained high temperatures and little rain", it is considered a “flash drought”.[27] North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner Doug Goehring announced that predicted economic losses as a consequence from the drought could amount to as much as $4 billion or $5 billion.[28][29]