document_title: The Young and the Restless characters (1970s)

question_text: who played liz foster on the young and the restless

question_tokens: who played liz foster on the young and the restless

text: The Young and the Restless characters (1970s)

text: Brad Elliot[edit]

text:
Brad ElliotThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Tom HallickDuration
1973–78First appearance
March 26, 1973Last appearance
1978Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, regularProfileOccupation
Former Reporter at The Genoa City Chronicle  Former Neurosurgeon and psychiatrist
showFamilySpouse
Leslie Brooks (1975–76)Children
Unknown child

text: Brad Elliot first appeared on March 26, 1973, and was portrayed by Tom Hallick until 1978.

text:
History
The very first episode of The Young and the Restless began with Brad Elliot being mugged, carjacked, and left for dead beside the highway. A semi-truck driver picked him up and dropped him off in Genoa City, Wisconsin. Stuart Brooks, owner of The Genoa City Chronicle watched Brad eat breakfast at Pierre's Restaurant, then admit that he was unable to pay the check, and offer to work it off. Stuart paid the check for him, they spoke for a while, and Stuart gave Brad a job at his newspaper and an advance on his wages, suggesting he rent a room above the restaurant. Brad did just that and became a friend and confidant to Sally McGuire, the waitress. Brad went to work at the newspaper and discovered and destroyed a newswire that declared that Chicago doctor, Brad Eliot, had died in a car crash, his body burned beyond recognition. Stuart's oldest daughter, Leslie Brooks, fell in love with Brad who encouraged her to come out of her shell and enjoy a very successful career as a concert pianist. Leslie's 21-year-old sister, Lorie, who had always been jealous of Leslie because Stuart had spent so much time nurturing Leslie's talent, returned home from college in Paris, where she had led a wild life of sex, alcohol, and drugs. Unable to spark any interest from Brad, Lorie started intercepting their letters and phone calls while Leslie was on tour. Lorie managed to convince Brad that Leslie was no longer interested, and convinced Leslie that she had seduced Brad. As the thought of Brad and Lorie making love haunted Leslie, she had a nervous breakdown, freezing at the piano during a concert in New York City. After being led off stage by her mentor, Maestro Fautsch, Leslie wandered through Central Park, her purse was stolen, and she wound up institutionalized for weeks with no memory in a ward with a few other mentally disturbed women who taunted her mercilessly. Eventually her doctor discovered who she was from a publicity photo and notified Stuart, who flew to New York and rescued Leslie.

text: Stuart and his wife Jennifer secretly supported Leslie through her recovery in a sanitarium near Genoa City. Meanwhile, Lorie became engaged to Brad. After months of therapy Leslie was released. When Brad found out what Lorie had done, he broke up with Lorie, and he and Leslie got back together. With Brad's encouragement, Leslie bought Pierre's Restaurant and turned it into The Allegro, a nightclub where she could perform without having to travel. Stuart and Jennifer spent many evenings at Allegro, proud of their talented daughter who was also singing there. Lorie had dug up Brad's past, and she exposed it once she was no longer in his life. Brad had been a Chicago neurosurgeon/psychiatrist who had gone against hospital rules to operate on his own son who had died on the table. Brad had been so distressed that he had left Chicago, leaving his practice, his parents, and his girl friend Barbara Anderson behind. His wrecked and burned car had been found later with a body inside which had been burned beyond recognition, and he had been declared dead. Leslie ended up healing Brad by getting him to talk to Barbara and other neurosurgeons who convinced him that he had done all anyone could have for their son, and that their son's death was not Brad's fault. Leslie also arranged a reconciliation between Brad and his parents. Brad and Leslie then married. They honeymooned in Palm Springs where the Mid-America Symphony was performing. Brad had gotten tickets and arranged a meeting with Maestro Fautsch, who talked Leslie into resuming her career as a concert pianist.

text: While performing in Paris, Leslie ran into old friend Lance Prentiss, wealthy eligible bachelor and co-owner of Prentiss Industries, who lived in an estate not far from Genoa City on Lake Geneva. Leslie would often spot Lance in the audience as she toured the world performing, and he would meet her afterward for dinner. Lance finally revealed to Leslie that he was in love with her. But although their marriage was occasionally rocky, Leslie demurred, saying that her heart belonged to Brad. The kind and forgiving Leslie set Lance up with her younger sister, Lorie. After being lavishly romanced by Lance with intimate dinners all around the country and the world, Lorie gave in to his charms. Lance and Lorie were married on the spur of the moment during a trip to Lake Tahoe. Later that year Brad discovered that he had chronic neuritis and was going blind. Rather than let Leslie give up her career for him, he kept it a secret and made Leslie fall out of love with him, then asked her for a divorce. But when Brad discovered that Leslie was pregnant, he told her the truth, learned to read Braille, and they agreed that Leslie would never give up her career for him. After Brad accidentally hit Leslie in the stomach with a suitcase which caused her to miscarry, Brad filed for divorce and left town. Brock Reynolds helped Leslie get over Brad and proposed with a ruby ring, but she gently told Brock that she wasn't ready. Brad later returned, his eyesight restored by a risky operation, but Leslie rejected him, and he again left town.

text: Stuart Brooks[edit]

text:
Stuart BrooksThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Robert ColbertDuration
1973–83First appearance
March 26, 1973Last appearance
1983Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, regularProfileOccupation
Owner and Publisher of The Genoa City Chronicle
showFamilySpouse
Jennifer Brooks (1947–77)Jill Foster (1978) Liz Foster (1980–84)Daughters
Leslie BrooksChris BrooksPeggy BrooksGrandchildren
Brooks PrentissJennifer Foster

text: An original core character first appearing on March 26, 1973, Stuart Brooks was portrayed by Robert Colbert and is known for his marriages to Jill Foster and her mother, Liz. He made his last appearance in 1983, and was said to have died off-screen in 1984.

text: Stuart ran the city newspaper, the Genoa City Chronicle, and was married to Jennifer Brooks, with whom he had four daughters. The eldest, Leslie, an accomplished pianist, was very introverted and dateless due to music having consumed her entire life. The second, college student Lorie, was studying in Paris, where she led a life of sex, alcohol, and drugs with Brock Reynolds, son of Stuart's old friend, Katherine Chancellor. Third daughter, Chris, was a caring, thoughtful, and idealistic college student also working at the Chronicle with her father. Red-headed Peggy, the youngest, was still in high school. During the very first episode, Stuart helped drifter Brad Elliot, with whom Leslie ended up falling in love, get a job at the newspaper. Upon learning that Snapper Foster was secretly having an affair with waitress Sally McGuire while publicly in a relationship with Chris, Stuart tried to break up them up however, Chris refused to believe her father and moved out. Stuart was also busy helping Leslie through a mental breakdown thanks to Lorie's affair with Brad.

text: Later, Bruce Henderson, a former lover of Jennifer, came back to town following a divorce hoping to reunite with her. Jennifer hoped to leave Stuart but, his heart attack delayed her decision with them reconciling fully after Jennifer was diagnosed with breast cancer. Upon Jennifer's passing, Stuart began getting close to Snapper Foster's mother, Liz. She, however, resisted by claiming she was out of his class, leaving Stuart to be seduced by her daughter, Jill. Tricking Stuart into believing he had gotten her pregnant, him And Jill married, however, when the truth of Jill's fake pregnancy came to light, he promptly divorced her and turned back to Liz.

text: Lorie later released a book, 'In My Sister's Shadow,' all about her relationship with Leslie, causing Leslie another breakdown. Stuart berated Lorie for its release. Around the same time, Liz and Stuart finally got married and Peggy began working with Chronicle reporter, Steven Williams, to help expose the New World Commune, which had trapped Paul Williams and Nikki Reed. Steven and Peggy were eventually engaged but, due to her being in an affair with Jack Abbott, she left him at the altar.

text: During a happy marriage to Liz, Stuart was briefly entranced by his new secretary, Eve Howard, but her obsession with Victor Newman took precedence for her, with nothing ever happening between her and Stuart. Stuart and Liz's happiness was not to last, however, as, by late fall, Snapper's ex-lover, Sally Roulland, returned wanting Snapper to perform a much needed operation on their illegitimate son, Chuckie. For the first time in years, Snapper and Chris faced interference from Stuart, causing Liz to leave. After another failed attempt at romance, this time with Gina Roma, Stuart slowly faded from view after Jill tried and failed to help him and Liz reconcile. As editor of the Genoa City Chronicle, Stuart was involved in an attempt to prove that police officer Carl Williams had been framed by the mob. While his four daughters returned for Victor and Nikki's wedding in 1984 and mentioned Stuart still being in town, he was later said to have died.

text: Chris Brooks Foster[edit]

text:
Chris Brooks FosterThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Trish Stewart (1973–78, 1984)Lynne Topping Richter (1979–82)Duration

1973–82
1984
First appearance
March 26, 1973Last appearance
April 13, 1984Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, regularProfileOccupation
Former Jabot Cosmetics Model  Former social worker  Former secretary  Formerly worked at The Genoa City ChronicleResidence
London, England
showFamilyParents
Jennifer Brooks  Stuart BrooksSiblings
Leslie BrooksLorie BrooksPeggy BrooksSpouse
Snapper Foster (1974–)Children
Jennifer Elizabeth FosterStepsons
Chuckie RoullandNieces and nephews
Brooks Prentiss

text: Christine "Chris" Brooks Foster first appeared in March 1973 as one of the daughters of newspaper owner Stuart and Jennifer Brooks. Chris is best remembered for her romance and marriage to Dr. Snapper Foster. She was portrayed by actress Trish Stewart until 1978 and then Lynn Topping from 1979 to 1982 before Stewart briefly appeared again in 1984.

text:
History
As 19-year-old college student Chris Brooks quickly began working at her father's newspaper, The Genoa City Chronicle. She quickly began a romance with Snapper Foster, the son of Liz Foster. Snapper's family was relatively poor in comparison to the Brooks family as Liz Foster was forced to work on the assembly line at Chancellor Industries while Snapper held a part-time job and was attending medical school all to support his family that also includes Greg and Jill Foster. Snapper was against a relationship with Chris because of how busy he was and did not want to upset Chris. Yet, Chris was determined and left home when Stuart tried to prove that Snapper was having an affair. Chris began working alongside Greg Foster as a secretary, yet Greg fell for her. When Chris learned that her father paid her salary, she quit, which also hurt Greg. Afterwards, Chris was raped by George Curtis while job hunting. The memory ended up hurting her romance with Snapper as memories haunted her. Snapper ended up convincing Chris to press charges, which she eventually did, but he was set free. Snapper even ended his affair to Sally McGuire and proposed to Chris to which she accepting. However, Sally was pregnant and hoped to convince Snapper to marry her. Yet, Liz talked Sally out of it with Snapper overhearing.

text: Chris and Snapper ended up marrying and quickly got pregnant. Yet, she miscarried when she learned about Snapper's child with Sally and they briefly separated as Chris began working as a social worker with Greg again. Chris was assigned to help Ron and Nancy Becker, and their young daughter Karen. Chris' sister, Peggy, was raped, and Peggy identified her attacker as Ron. Chris urged Peggy to file charges, Ron was arrested, but in a trial was found not guilty. When Nancy discovered evidence that proved Ron was actually guilty, she became catatonic, and was committed to a mental hospital. Since Chris was having trouble getting pregnant, and she wanted to save Karen from living with her rapist father, she and Snapper convinced Ron to give them custody of Karen. But after Nancy recovered, Karen was returned to Nancy's custody. Chris was so devastated that she separated from Snapper again and left town. Months later, Chris returned to find that Snapper was involved with Dr. Casey Reed. Chris forced Snapper to choose between them, and Casey ended up bowing out to save Snapper's marriage. By 1977, Chris's mother Jennifer died and Stuart began seeing Snapper's mother Liz and they eventually married after Stuart ended his marriage to Jill Foster.

text: By 1981, Chris gave birth to Jennifer Elizabeth Brooks, and soon after, Snapper's former lover, Sally McGuire, re-entered Snapper's life with their son, Chuckie, who was seriously ill. While Chuckie was hospitalized with a kidney problem, Sally realized that she was still attracted to Snapper, but Snapper was adamant that she move on with her life. When Chuckie was cured, Snapper shared an emotional goodbye with both Sally and Chuckie as they returned home with Sally's fiancée, Stan. Snapper ended up accepting a fellowship teaching and research opportunity in London. Yet, Chris, who was now a model at Jabot Cosmetics, was opposed to moving there. Eventually, Chris moved there with Jennifer, later joined by her mother-in-law and step-mother, Liz. During their stay in London, Chris's father Stuart ended up dying. In 1984, Chris briefly returned to Genoa City along with her sisters Peggy, Leslie, and Lorie to attend the wedding of business tycoon Victor Newman and Nikki Reed, the younger sister of Casey Reed.

text: Leslie Brooks[edit]

text:
Leslie BrooksThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Janice Lynde (1973–77, 2018)Victoria Mallory (1977–84)Duration

1973–82
1984
2018
First appearance
March 26, 1973Last appearance
March 27, 2018Created by
William J. BellIntroduced by

Bell and John Conboy (1973)
Bell and H. Wesley Kenney (1984)
Mal Young (2018)
Classification
Former, guestProfileOther names
PricillaOccupation
Professional concert pianist  Former Owner of The Allegro Nightclub
showFamilyParents
Jennifer BrooksStuart BrooksSiblings
Lorie BrooksChris BrooksPeggy BrooksSpouse
Brad Elliot (1975–76)  Lucas Prentiss (1977–81)Children
Brooks PrentissNieces and nephews
Jennifer Foster

text: Leslie Brooks (formerly Elliot and Prentiss) first appeared in March 1973 as one of the daughters of newspaper owner Stuart and Jennifer Brooks. Leslie is best remembered for the love triangle between her, Brad Elliot, and her sister Lorie Brooks, as well as her relationships with Lucas and Lance Prentiss. She was portrayed by actress Janice Lynde until 1977, and then by Victoria Mallory from 1977 through 1982 and again briefly in 1984. In February 2018, it was reported that Lynde would be returning as Leslie to commemorate with the show's 45th anniversary.[1]

text:
History
Leslie was in her mid-twenties when her father, Stuart, befriended a penniless drifter named Brad Elliot and gave him a job at The Genoa City Chronicle, of which Stuart was the owner and publisher. Leslie fell in love with Brad who encouraged her to come out of her shell and enjoy a very successful career as a concert pianist. Leslie's 21-year-old sister, Lorie, who had always been jealous of Leslie. Unable to spark any interest from Brad, Lorie started intercepting their letters and phone calls while Leslie was on tour. Lorie managed to convince Brad that Leslie was no longer interested, and convinced Leslie that she had seduced Brad. As the thought of Brad and Lorie making love haunted Leslie, she had a nervous breakdown, freezing at the piano during a concert in New York City. After being led off stage by her mentor, Maestro Fautsch, Leslie wandered through Central Park, her purse was stolen, and she wound up institutionalized for weeks with no memory in a ward with a few other mentally disturbed women who taunted her mercilessly. Eventually her doctor discovered who she was from a publicity photo and notified Stuart, who flew to New York and rescued Leslie. While away, Lorie became engaged to Brad, but Brad found out what Lorie had done, he broke up with Lorie, and he and Leslie got back together. Lorie quit her job at the Chronicle and published her first book, which Stuart editorialized as "a disgusting piece of trash". With Brad's encouragement, Leslie bought Pierre's Restaurant and turned it into The Allegro, a nightclub where she could perform without having to travel.

text: Lorie had dug up Brad's past, and she exposed it once she was no longer in his life. Brad had been a Chicago neurosurgeon/psychiatrist who had gone against hospital rules to operate on his own son who had died on the table. Brad had been so distressed that he had left Chicago, leaving his practice, his parents, and his girl friend Barbara Anderson behind. His wrecked and burned car had been found later with a body inside which had been burned beyond recognition, and he had been declared dead. Leslie ended up healing Brad by getting him to talk to Barbara and other neurosurgeons who convinced him that he had done all anyone could have for their son, and that their son's death was not Brad's fault. Leslie also arranged a reconciliation between Brad and his parents. Brad and Leslie then married. They honeymooned in Palm Springs where the Mid-America Symphony was performing. Brad had gotten tickets and arranged a meeting with Maestro Fautsch, who talked Leslie into resuming her career as a concert pianist. While performing in Paris, Leslie ran into an old friend Lance Prentiss, a wealthy eligible bachelor and co-owner of Prentiss Industries. Lance would follow Leslie across the world as she performed and he eventually confessed his love for her. Despite his intentions, Leslie claimed her love was for Brad, and helped to set Lance up to her sister Lorie. Soon after, Brad discovered that he had chronic neuritis and was going blind. Rather than let Leslie give up her career for him, he kept it a secret and made Leslie fall out of love with him, then asked her for a divorce. But when Brad discovered that Leslie was pregnant, he told her the truth, learned to read Braille, and they agreed that Leslie would never give up her career for him. After Brad accidentally hit Leslie in the stomach with a suitcase which caused her to miscarry, Brad filed for divorce and left town. Brock Reynolds helped Leslie get over Brad and proposed, but Leslie claimed she wasn't ready yet. Brad later returned, with his eyesight restored by a risky operation, but Leslie rejected him, and he again left town by 1978.

text: Then, Lance's mother Vanessa Prentiss informed Leslie that she much preferred her to be with Lance rather than Lorie, but Leslie defended her by suggesting that Lorie didn't release her book In My Sister's Shadow about their relationship. Yet, Lorie ended up releasing the book, which caused her to have another nervous breakdown when reporters confronted her about. When Lance learned about its release, he was disgusted with Lorie and ran to comfort Leslie. But Leslie convinced Lance to return to Lorie, but Leslie ended up pregnant with Lance's child. When confiding to Lance's brother Lucas, who had also fallen for Leslie, ended up proposing and they ended up marrying. Leslie and Lucas also agreed not to tell Lance the truth about the son, Brooks Lucas Prentiss. Vanessa, hoping to destroy Lorie and Lance's marriage, made Lucas president of Prentiss Industries. Lance tried to Lucas with a position in Paris, but refused. Lance ended up visiting Leslie on tour, and Lucas caught them. Fearing he was going to lose Leslie, Lucas rescinded his offer in Paris, which Lance ended up accepted, and instead offered him a position in their dangerous Santo Domingo office. Yet, Leslie and Lucas's marriage was strained by then anyway and they were eventually divorced by 1981. Lance invited Leslie to live with him and Lorie, but after Lorie learned that Brooks was actually Lance's son, Leslie suffered another mental breakdown. While wandering with amnesia out of town, she ended up having a romance with the owner of a local bar named Jonas, as she claimed her name was Pricilla. Lucas and Jonas ended up meeting when both went off to fight the dictator of San Leandro. Lucas discovered "Pricilla" as a stowaway on the jet, but Leslie didn’t recognize him, and it was obvious that she was in love with Jonas. After their successful adventure, they all returned to Genoa City. "Pricilla" met Lorie, but did not recognize her either. Lorie and Lucas told Leslie who she was and who they were, but Leslie became confused and overwhelmed. Lorie worried that Leslie would soon regain her memory and demand custody of Brooks. But Leslie explained that she couldn't be a proper mother to a child she did not remember, and she gave full custody of Brooks to Lorie.

text: Leslie ended up rediscovering her talents as a pianist and decided to stay in Genoa City as Jonas also agreed to stay. After falling and hitting her head, Leslie regained her memory and recalled her love for Lance and that he was the father of her son. Leslie filed for custody of Brooks, but lost him to Lorie because she was the only mother he had ever known. Vanessa suggested Leslie tell Lance that he was the father of Brooks, so she, Lance and Brooks could be together. But in the end, when Lance discovered that Brooks was his son, he rejected both Lorie and Leslie for keeping it from him. And when Brooks refused to have anything to do with Lance, he returned to Paris alone. Leslie then became involved with Attorney Robert Laurence, and they made plans to marry. But when Robert's ex-wife Claire, who was institutionalized, was given a drug that finally worked that brought her back to reality, Robert returned to her to try to rebuild their family with their daughter Angela. Leslie went back to touring in Europe, and was seen again when she and her sisters returned to Genoa City to attend the wedding of Victor Newman and Nikki Reed in 1984.  Leslie briefly returned to the canvas for the soap's March 27, 2018 episode.[2]

text: Liz Foster[edit]

text:
Liz Foster BrooksThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Julianna McCarthyDuration

1973–86
1993
2003–04
2008
2010
First appearance
March 1973Last appearance
June 18, 2010Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, recurringProfileOccupation
Housekeeper
showFamilyBrothers
Bruce HendersonSpouse
Bill Foster (194?–75, 1976)Stuart Brooks (1980–84)Sons
Snapper FosterGreg FosterAdoptive daughters
Jill Foster AbbottGrandsons
Chuckie RoullandPhillip Chancellor IIIBilly AbbottGranddaughters
Jennifer FosterNephews
Mark HendersonNieces
Lorie Brooks

text: Elizabeth "Liz" Foster Brooks is an original character to The Young and the Restless; she was known for her marriages to William Foster and Stuart Brooks and was one of the show's two original matriarchs. She was portrayed by actress Julianna McCarthy on and off for 37 years until her death onscreen on June 18, 2010. Until her initial departure in 1985, McCarthy was the show's longest running cast member although she hadn't been on contract in some time.

text:
History
Elizabeth Foster was an assembly line laborer at Chancellor Industries, and the mother to William "Snapper" Foster and Greg Foster. She is also the adoptive mother of Jill Foster Abbott although this wasn't made known to viewers until several decades into the series. Liz dated a man named Sam Powers until her long-departed husband, Bill Foster, returned. She was married to Bill, and then he walked out on her and their children in the late 1960s, only to return in 1975 with ailing health, unbeknownst to the Fosters. During the first year of the show, Liz's family history was explored. Her brother, Dr. Bruce Henderson, appeared briefly as Jennifer Brooks' former lover who turned out to be Laurie Brook's biological father. Liz blamed Bruce for neglecting their aging mother, Mrs. Henderson (Dorothy Adams) who lived on the family farm, struggling for years only with help from Liz who was having a difficult enough time supporting herself and her children. Bruce had chosen to leave the Genoa City area years before to pursue a medical career, only returning when Jennifer and her husband Stuart were separated. While Laurie Brooks liked Liz, she never acknowledged that Bruce was her father, blaming her mother for stealing her birthright and her man, having fallen in love with Bruce's son, Mark.

text: Snapper slept with a woman named Sally McGuire, and later started dating another woman named Chris Brooks. Sally found out that she was pregnant, while Snapper and Chris were going to get married. Sally was also married to Pierre Roulland. She and Snapper kept the baby's paternity hidden; in reality, Snapper was the baby's father, and not Pierre. Sally gave birth to a son, Pierre Charles "Chuckie" Roulland, and everyone was led to believe that Pierre was his father. Thus, Liz's first grandson was born.

text: In 1976, Liz suffered a stroke and lost her memory temporarily after she pulled Bill's life support. Snapper took the fall for Liz, who had no memory of what happened. Eventually, Liz regained her memory of the incident. Liz began dating and later married Stuart Brooks, who also had an affair with Jill. Jill faked a pregnancy in order for Stuart to marry her; in reality, she was not pregnant and was only after his money. Stuart planned to marry Jill, although he loved Liz, until Jill fell down a flight of stairs and "miscarried." Stuart found out that he had been conned, and he and Liz soon married. During that time, she became an employee and close friend of Katherine Chancellor, despite Jill's ongoing feud with her. In 1979, Liz was shot when her politically ambitious son, Greg, became involved with a ruthless men attempting to influence Greg's campaign. She recovered and settled into her new marriage to Stuart, becoming a beloved step-mother to his four daughters, one of whom was her own daughter-in-law, Chris.

text: When Stuart and Liz attended a London concert of his daughter, Leslie's, Katherine stepped in to help when the simple Liz felt out of place amongst London's elite. Earlier, Stuart's glamorous secretary, Eve Howard, Jill's new roommate, had helped Liz throw a lavish cocktail party in his honor. In 1982, Liz left Stuart after his attitude towards Snapper got harsher upon the return of Sally Roulland and Chuckie, her son by Snapper. The same year, most of the Brooks and Foster families were written out with Snapper moving to London. Liz was off-screen for a short time but was back to aid Jill in her quest to win back old boyfriend, John Abbott, whom Liz liked very much. Stuart faded out of the story in 1983 after using his newspaper to help clear police detective Carl Williams of being a crooked cop. He died off screen in 1984 after efforts from Liz's friends and even Jill failed to reconcile them.

text: When Jill married John Abbott, Liz attended the wedding and befriended Jill's step-daughter, Tracy. Liz was also there for Katherine when she had her face lift. Liz helped Katherine mourn for Nikki (Liz's former daughter-in-law) when they falsely believed that Nikki had been killed while on vacation with psychotic Rick Darros but, Nikki was very much alive, and Liz was a guest at Nikki and Victor Newman's wedding where Stuart Brook's former secretary, Eve, tried to kill the bride. Detective Carl Williams became suspicious when Jill reported her jewelry stolen and a pawnbroker identified Liz as the seller. It turned out that Jill was being blackmailed for a fling she had with Jack Abbott and asked Liz to pawn the jewelry for her. After this, Liz decided to move to England to be near Snapper. She visited Genoa City in 1986 along with Jill's son, Phillip Chancellor III, upon learning about Jill's shooting. Liz visited town again in 1993 when Jill gave birth to Billy Abbott after Katherine discovered that Jill hadn't even notified her mother about being pregnant.

text: In 2003, Liz came back to Genoa City and informed Jill that she needed emergency surgery for a brain tumor. She revealed to Jill that she was adopted. Liz only knew that her first husband, William, brought her home in a baby blanket one day. However, Liz had recently received information that a woman named Charlotte Ramsey had proof that her biological mother was actually Katherine. Liz's surgery was successful and she remained in town for her recovery, returning to London the following year. However, in 2009, it was revealed that Katherine was not Jill's mother after all. Liz came back in 2008 when Katharine was believed to have died in a car accident.

text: Liz returned in June, 2010, in ill health with sons, Snapper and Greg, and some news for Jill about her birth parents. On June 18, 2010, Liz died onscreen due to a condition that had gone too far without being treated. Liz told Snapper on her deathbed about Jill's true parentage, and she made him promise not to tell Jill, but he told her anyway.

text: Phillip Chancellor II[edit]

text:
Phillip Chancellor IIThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
John Considine (1973–74)Donnelly Rhodes (1974–75)Duration
1973–75First appearance
November 1973Last appearance
August 15, 1975Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, regularProfileOccupation
Founder and former CEO of Chancellor Industries
showFamilyFamily
ChancellorParents
Phillip Chancellor ISpouse
Katherine Chancellor (1961–75)Jill Foster (1975)Sons
Phillip Chancellor IIIGrandchildren
Chance ChancellorGrandparents
Garfield Dandridge Chancellor

text: Phillip Robert Chancellor II first appeared in November 1973 along with Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper). He was first portrayed by John Considine until 1974, and was then notably portrayed by Donnelly Rhodes until his death onscreen on August 15, 1975.

text:
History
Phillip is born on June 19, 1928.[3] He attends college with Gary Reynolds and the two become friends. In November 1973, wealthy Phillip first appeared in the series as the husband of Katherine Chancellor, Gary's widow, his wife of twelve years. Phillip and Kay's marriage was strained due to Kay's bad habits of infidelity, smoking and alcohol addiction. He tried to help Kay with her vices, but he wound up starting an affair of his own with Kay's new paid companion, Jill Foster, and the two fell in love. After declaring their love for one another, Phillip made plans to end his marriage to Kay and to marry Jill. Later, Phillip and Jill conceived a child together, and he officially left Kay to be with Jill. Phillip served an upset Kay with divorce papers, and then he left for the Dominican Republic where he got the divorce granted before returning to Genoa City.

text: Katherine picked him up from the airport and gave him a ride home, and she begged him for a second chance. Phillip refused, and an angry Kay sped up and drove off a cliff in an attempt to kill them both. Phillip survived the crash long enough to marry Jill on his deathbed. Phillip was buried on the Chancellor estate property in the backyard. Jill later gave birth to his son and what was believed to be his only child, Phillip Chancellor III.

text: In 2018, it was revealed that Phillip may be the biological father of Jack Abbott.[4]

text: Lorie Brooks[edit]

text:
Lorie BrooksThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Jaime Lyn BauerDuration

1973–82
1984
2002
2018
First appearance
December 1973Last appearance
March 27, 2018Created by
William J. BellIntroduced by

Bell and John Conboy (1973)
Bell and H. Wesley Kenney (1984)
Bell and David Shaughnessy (2002)
Mal Young (2018)
Classification
Former, guestProfileOccupation
Novelist  Author of In My Sister's Shadow  Author of first trashy novel (unknown title)  Formerly "enquiring reporter" for The Genoa City Chronicle  Formerly went to school in Paris, FranceResidence
Chicago, Illinois
showFamilyParents
Bruce HendersonJennifer BrooksStepfather
Stuart BrooksHalf-brothers
Mark HendersonHalf-sisters
Leslie BrooksChris BrooksPeggy BrooksSpouse
Lance Prentiss (1977–80, 1984–96)Maxwell Hollister (1997–2002)Adoptive sons
Brooks PrentissAunts
Liz FosterNephews
Brooks PrentissFirst cousins
Jill Abbott (adoptive)Snapper FosterGreg Foster

text: Lauralee "Lorie" Brooks (formerly Prentiss and Hollister) first appeared in December 1973 as the daughter of Stuart Brooks. She was portrayed by actress Jaime Lyn Bauer until 1982, with reappearances in 1984 and 2002.  In February 2018, it was reported that Bauer would be returning as Lorie to commemorate with the show's 45th anniversary.[1]

text:
History
Lorie arrived in Genoa City from Europe in December 1973. Lorie was jealous of her older sister, concert pianist, Leslie Brooks, who she felt got all the attention from her parents. Determined to make her life miserable, Lorie found out that Leslie had a budding romance with new man in town Brad Elliot and schemed to get him for herself. When the plan worked, Leslie had a nervous breakdown and ended up in hospital. She eventually accused Lorie of causing her breakdown. Brad then dumped Lorie and married Leslie. After losing Brad, Lorie dated her publicist Jed Andrews. When she discovered he was married she pushed him away and helped him reconcile with his wife. Lorie then began a romance with medical intern Mark Henderson, the romance was serious and they became engaged. Mark was the son of Bruce Henderson. Little did anyone know that Lorie was the result of an affair Bruce and Lorie’s mother Jennifer had years before. When Jennifer admitted the truth Lorie and Mark split and Mark left town. At the same time Lorie decided to write a thinly disguised autobiography about her life about being in her sister Leslie’s shadow, which included details about Leslie’s breakdown. She eventually shelved the book when she and Leslie became close. After Leslie became friends with a very wealthy fan of hers, Lance Prentiss, who ran his mother’s company, Prentiss Industries, she pushed Lorie to date him. Although the pair traded barbs they also fell in love, though Lorie knew she was second choice. She also had to contend with Lance’s mother Vanessa, a recluse, scarred in a house fire while saving Lance, his guilt making him indebted to her. Lorie managed to hold her own and ended up marrying Lance.

text: However, the news of their marriage made Vanessa furious, and she tried to shoot Lorie but hit Lance instead. Later, Lorie found Lance’s brother Lucas and returned him to Genoa City. Vanessa was grateful to Lorie and the pair began to get along, until Lorie accused Vanessa of faking her injuries to hold onto Lance. Furious with Lorie, Vanessa found a copy of Lorie’s unpublished book and paid someone to publish and distribute it. The book caused a scandal and Leslie refused to perform in public again. Lance rushed to comfort Leslie and they made love, and Leslie became pregnant with his child. When Lucas found out he married Leslie and the pair moved to Europe so as not to raise suspicion. When Leslie returned to Genoa City for family reasons, Vanessa took the opportunity to make sure Lorie saw her sister naked in the shower, Lorie soon realized Leslie was too far along to be pregnant by Lucas and she confronted her sister who admitted the truth. Leslie rushed back to Europe with Lucas and had her son, Brooks Prentiss. Shortly after, Leslie's marriage to Lucas fell apart and she moved in with Lance and Lorie. Lorie was extremely unhappy with her sister living in her home and after a confrontation Leslie tried to kill herself. The stress caused another breakdown and she went missing. Meanwhile, Vanessa stripped Lance of all duties at Prentiss Industries and put Lucas in charge in the hopes of once again destroying Lance and Lorie's marriage.

text: Lance fell into a depression and began gambling. Lorie begged Vanessa to reinstate Lance, Vanessa agreed, on the condition that Lorie divorce Lance. At the same time Lucas decided he wasn't meant for the boardroom and handed back responsibility of Prentiss to Lance. Vanessa managed to keep this a secret from Lorie and made her think Lance's return to the company was because of her. She pushed Lorie to divorce Lance and flew her to Haiti for a quickie divorce. Lance assumed now that he had his life back on track, he and Lorie would reconcile, and was stunned when he discovered Lorie went through with the divorce. Heartbroken, Lance fled to Paris. Making only a brief return a few months later to visit Lucas in the hospital after he was shot. Meanwhile, Lucas had found Leslie who had amnesia and eventually brought her back to Genoa City. That same year Victor Newman took an interest in Lorie and the pair began a mild flirtation but it ended in friendship. The following year Lance returned to Genoa City, around the same time Leslie regained her memory and fought Lorie for custody of Brooks, though Lorie won. Meanwhile, Victor began buying shares of Prentiss Industries. He just needed Lorie's to secure control, but Lorie and Lance reconciled and she refused to sell. Meanwhile, Vanessa discovered she was dying and determined to rid Lorie from Lance’s life for good, Vanessa jumped off the balcony of Lorie’s penthouse and framed her for murder. Lucas believed Lorie guilty, while Lance thought her innocent and even proposed, though soon after seeing all the evidence against her, Lance walked out on her. Lorie took solace in the arms of her lawyer Robert Laurence, while Victor, disgusted by Lance's actions, vowed to take control of Prentiss. Lance began to realise Lorie was innocent and worked to help her, though it was revealed during the trial that Lance is Brooks father, Lance once again turned his back on Lorie, until Brooks reveals information about Vanessa that led to proving Lorie innocent. Meanwhile, Victor managed to gain control of Prentiss through Lorie. Lance realising he can never be a father to his son and unable to truly forgive Lorie, left town. Regretting her decision to give Victor control of Prentiss, Lorie began a romance with Victor and under the guise of writing a novel about him gained access to business files which allowed her to return control of Prentiss to Lance. Though she was to marry Victor, she left town and a heartbroken Victor behind.

text: Lorie, remarried to Lance, returned to town on invitation from Victor for his wedding to Nikki Reed in 1984. The pair mended old wounds, and Lorie reunited with her sisters for the big event, leaving again shortly after. She returned again in 2002, this time determined to keep Nikki and Victor from remarrying. Her soon to be ex-husband, Max Hollister, had business dealings with Victor and an interest in getting revenge and stealing Nikki away. He convinced Lorie to seduce Victor and have cameras watching so he could show the whole thing to Nikki. The plan backfired when Lorie felt compassion for Victor and refused to go through with the plan. She left town again soon afterward.

text: Brock Reynolds[edit]

text:
Brock ReynoldsThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Beau KazerDuration

1974–80
1984–86
1990–92
1999–2004
2008–11
2013
First appearance
November 1974[5]Last appearance
September 4, 2013Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, recurringProfileOccupation
Ordained minister
Chairman of the Chancellor Foundation
Volunteer building houses for Hurricane Katrina victims in New Orleans, Louisiana
Lawyer
Singer
Residence
New Orleans, Louisiana
showFamilyParents
Gary ReynoldsKatherine ChancellorHalf-brothers
Tucker McCallSpouse
Jill Foster (1975)Daughters
Mackenzie BrowningGrandsons
Dylan Hellstrom[6][7]Granddaughters
Becca Hellstrom[8][9]Grandfathers
Walter ShepherdNephews
Devon Hamilton

text: Brock Reynolds first appeared in 1974 as the son of Katherine Chancellor and her first husband, Gary Reynolds, portrayed by Beau Kazer. Appearing sporadically until 1992, Kazer then made recurring appearances from 1999 to 2003, and then in 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011.

text:
History
Brock Reynolds is the son of Katherine Chancellor and her first husband Gary Reynolds. After his father's death and the failings of Katherine's new marriage with Phillip Chancellor II, Brock became quite rebellious with women and drugs. Eventually, Brock ran off to Europe with his friend Lorie Brooks, the daughter of newspaper mogul Stuart Brooks. Once Brock returned to Genoa City in 1974, he tried to make peace with his mother as he had found religion in his life and become a minister. Katherine, however, had become an alcoholic and heavy smoker, and was now losing her husband to her paid companion Jill Foster. Kay talked Brock into marrying Jill, but Jill quickly learned she was pregnant with Phillip's child. Brock allowed Jill to back out given that their marriage wasn't even legal. Later, Katherine and Phillip got into a car accident after he refused to give her another chance. Kay then decided to buy Jill's baby, but Brock talked Kay out of it. Over the next several years, Brock developed relationships with Casey Reed and Leslie Brooks, whom he even proposed to, but she claimed that she was not ready following her divorce from Brad Elliot. Brock had also earned a law degree and was able to represent Snapper Foster, and helped Snapper and his wife Chris Brooks Foster in a custody dispute.

text: By 1980, Katherine brought Victor Newman to Genoa City to help with running Chancellor Industries, bringing his young wife Julia Newman along. Julia, longing for something to do, ended up building a close friendship with Brock, and things nearly turned romantic. However, Brock and Julia never had a sexual relationship, despite Victor's fears that it was. Out of jealousy, Victor had an affair with his secretary, Eve Howard. Julia admitted she was falling in love with Brock, but they were not lovers, and she agreed to break if off if Victor would commit completely to their marriage. But Victor was not persuaded and turned to Brock's old friend Lorie Brooks for attention. Brock caught Victor and Lorie kissing, so he tried to resume his romance with Julia, but he finally left town because of Julia's inability to end her marriage to Victor. Thinking it would convince Victor of her love for him, Julia told him that she wanted to have a baby. Victor responded by having a vasectomy without telling her. In the end, Julia ending up having an affair and Victor's extreme response caused their divorce in 1981.

text: By 1984, Victor married Nikki Reed and Brock was invited to return. Brock had returned just before then helping Kay recover from her face-lift. Brock ended up staying around to cool the tensions as Kay and Jill's rivalry reached another breaking point with Kay's attempt to destroy Jill's marriage to John Abbott. By 1988, Kay married Rex Sterling, a bum who had spent some time in prison that Jill hired and cleaned up to trick Kay. His former cellmate Clint Radison finds Marge Cotrooke, a diner waitress and realizes that she looks the same as Katherine. He decides to use her in his plan to replace Kay with Marge and get to her fortune. His friends get jobs at the Chancellor Mansion, while Marge is taught to act like Kay. Kay Chancellor and her housekeeper Esther Valentine are held captive while Marge replaces Kay. Marge immediately changes things from Katherine's life, starting from unintentionally pushing Rex away into the arms of Jill Abbott, to selling Chancellor Industries. When Brock returns from India, he realizes that someone has replaced Kay. Marge later helps Kay catch Clint and his friends and get them in jail, before returning to her life as a waitress.

text: On the verge of losing her life in 1999, Kay befriended a teenager at a homeless shelter named Mackenzie Browning, who coincidentally ended up being Brock's daughter with Amanda Browning, a woman that Brock had a relationship with in India years ago. Kay decided to inform Brock of the baby he never knew he had. Brock and Mackenzie built a father-daughter relationship and lived with Kay. Brock eventually left town again to work in India, but reappeared in town from time to time. He was involved in the intervention that Kay's close friends held to make her stop drinking. He eventually relocated to New Orleans to assist in cleanup following Hurricane Katrina.

text: In 2008, Brock returned to Genoa City to deliver the eulogy at Kay's "funeral". When Kay's will was read, Brock learned that he got one percent of a billion-dollar estate to continue his charity work and was named chairman of the Chancellor Foundation. However, it was Marge, Kay's look-alike who had died so Brock returned again in April 2009 to take a DNA test to confirm his mother's identity. He comes back to Genoa City to take another DNA test with Tucker claiming to be Katherine's son and asked Mac if she was willing to carry Lily and Cane's twins and if she would help raise them if Lily did not make it. Brock continues to make periodical visits to Genoa City.

text: On August 1, 2013, Katherine Chancellor died in Hong Kong after a three-month-long vacation around the world as she completed her "bucket list". On September 3, Brock returned to Genoa City for his mother's memorial service.

text: Phillip Chancellor III[edit]

text:
Phillip Chancellor IIIThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Dick Billingsley(1978–81)Chris Hebert(1981–82)Jimmy Keegan(1983)Thom Bierdz(1986–2011)Duration

1976–83
1986–89
2004
2009–11
First appearance
1976Last appearance
May 30, 2011Introduced by
William J. Bell (1976)Maria Arena Bell (2009; 2011)Classification
Former, recurringProfileOther names
Phillip Robert Chancellor III Phillip FosterLangley AshbyResidence
Australia
showFamilyFamily
ChancellorFather
Phillip Chancellor IIMother
Jill AbbottStepfather
Stuart Brooks (1978)Derek Thurston (1978)John Abbott (1982–85, 1993–96)Rex Sterling (1990)Colin Atkinson (2011, 2014–)Half-brothers
Billy AbbottSpouse
Nina Webster (1989)Sons
Chance ChancellorGrandparents
Phillip Chancellor INeil FenmoreBill Foster (adoptive)Liz Foster (adoptive)Uncles
Snapper Foster (adoptive)Greg Foster (adoptive)Aunts
Lauren FenmoreNieces and nephews
Johnny AbbottDelia AbbottKatie NewmanFirst cousins
Chuckie Roulland (adoptive)Jennifer Foster (adoptive)Scotty GraingerDylan Fenmore (legal)Fenmore Baldwin

text: Phillip Chancellor III first appeared in 1976, born onscreen as the son of Phillip Chancellor II and Jill Foster. The role was most notably portrayed by Thom Bierdz, who made his first appearance on May 13, 1986. He remained for three years until the character was believed to have died.[10] In 2009, Bierdz was rehired by the soap opera, who kept secrecy around a plot twist that would reveal Phillip to be alive by sneaking Bierdz in to tape scenes and asked that he not tell anyone of his return.[11] Bierdz remained on a recurring status through May 2011.

text:
History
Phillip III is the son of Jill Foster and the late Phillip Chancellor II. He was born onscreen in December 1975 and appeared as a toddler by 1978. In 1982, Jill began seeing John Abbott and introduced Phillip to John, making both John and Phillip uncomfortable around each other. Later that year, Phillip acted out, forcing Jill to send him to boarding school. In the following year at Christmas time, on behalf of her mother, Liz Foster, Jill called Phillip at boarding school; he told her he did not want to spend the holidays with her.

text: In 1986, the character is  SORASed to age 16, and he returns to town after Jill is shot. After Jill recovered, Phillip stayed in town but was resentful about the lack of time Jill spent with him while he grew up. Eventually, Katherine and Jill fought over Phillip as he moved into the Chancellor Estate and Katherine even tried to adopt him. Phillip even changed his name from Phillip Foster to Phillip Chancellor. Yet, Phillip began drinking heavily and became the center of a love triangle between best friends Christine Blair and Nina Webster. After seducing him while he was drunk, Nina became pregnant with Phillip's son and gives birth to Phillip "Chance" Chancellor IV in late March 1988.[12][13] Phillip marries Nina in April 1989 despite struggling with being a father, husband, and living up to Jill and Katherine's expectations which leads to him becoming dependent on alcohol. After a drunken car accident, Phillip "dies" on May 26, 1989, from his injuries.[14][15]

text: In 2009, Phillip III returned, revealing he staged his death because of all the stress in his life and to keep his homosexuality a secret. During his absence, Phillip sent his friend, Cane Ashby, to Genoa City as a replacement son of sorts for his mother and to fill the void he left behind for his family. When their ruse was discovered, Phillip attempted to form a relationship with his son, Chance, but decided to return to Australia shortly after. In September 2010, Phillip's son, Chance, was accidentally shot "dead" by his maternal half-brother, Ronan Malloy. Chance was pronounced dead at the scene. On September 17, 2010, it was revealed that Chance faked his death. Only Nina, Phillip, Ronan, Katherine and Christine must know that he was still "alive", as he was going into the Witness Protection Program. Phillip then left to go back home to Australia after Chance left to go into the Witness Protection Program. In May 2012, Jill temporarily moved to Australia to help Phillip recover after knee surgery.

text: Vanessa Prentiss[edit]

text:
Vanessa PrentissThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
K.T. StevensDuration
1976–81First appearance
August 1976Last appearance
November 1981Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, regularProfileOccupation
Owner of Prentiss Industries
showFamilySpouse
Albert Prentiss (1944–47)Children
Lance Prentiss Lucas PrentissGrandchildren
Brooks Prentiss

text: Vanessa Prentiss first appeared in August 1976 and was portrayed by K.T. Stevens. She would later become widely known for being an archenemy of Lorie Brooks. In 1981, Stevens departed from the role when the character committed suicide to frame Lorie for her murder.

text:
History
Vanessa was the mother of Lance and Lucas Prentiss. During the first year she was introduced, the lower part of her face was concealed with a veil because of a scar she received in about 1972 while rescuing Lance from a fire, which was accidentally caused by Lucas, who ran off after feeling guilty over the accident. Embarrassed by her condition, Vanessa never ventured into public. Vanessa was strongly against Lance's relationship with Lorie Brooks, whom she immediately took a disliking to upon their first meeting as she wanted Lance to pursue Lorie's sister Leslie, who met Lance first when on vacation in Paris. Vanessa then began her long tenure of conspiring to get Lorie out of Lance's life in order to get Lance and Leslie together. Pressured by Lorie to have cosmetic surgery, a resentful Vanessa unveiled her scars to Lorie. Vanessa later bought a revolver and planned to get even with Lorie after getting her to take off her veil revealing her scar. Unaware that Vanessa was out to get her, Lorie convinced Vanessa to consult a plastic surgeon. After the death of Lorie's mother Jennifer, she started feeling closer to Vanessa and set out to find Vanessa's son, Lucas. After Lorie found Lucas and brought him to Genoa City, Vanessa was astonished to her son for the first time in years and vetoed his plan to leave town. Vanessa was grateful to Lorie for bringing Lucas back into her life. Persuaded by Lucas, Vanessa underwent successful surgery for her scars. Vanessa was later shocked to learn that Lucas had married Leslie. After it was learned that Vanessa's disfiguring scars were a thing of the past, she went out in public for the first time without the veil.

text: After feeling miffed that Lance always seemed to side with Lorie, Vanessa plotted to shift their family company, Prentiss Industries, into Lucas' control, unbeknownst to Lance, and she later followed through with her plan. Lance was disappointed when Vanessa oust him as the company boss while Vanessa told Lorie she would not put Lance back in charge unless Lorie divorced him, which put a series of pressure on Lorie after Lance began spirring out of control. Lorie finally gave into Vanessa's demands by straining her marriage to Lance, which led to Lance leaving town.

text: In 1981, Vanessa learned she had two months to live after being diagnosed with a terminal illness and she kept quiet about it. After learning she had a short time to live, Vanessa, who had kept mum for over two years about Lance being the father of Leslie's baby, wrote in a journal that Lance has a son. When Lance returned to town with his fiancée, he later ended his engagement and resumed his romance with Lorie. Vanessa then plotted to shove Lorie down a stairway, but changed her plan and made Lance back down from Lorie after lying that Lorie was still involved with Lucas. Vanessa applauded when Lance turned to Leslie. As Vanessa's illness deteriorated, she still plotted against Lorie and then forged a venomous letter to herself signing Lorie's name to it. Vanessa later plunged to her death off a balcony after staging a fight with Lorie.

text: Derek Thurston[edit]

text:
Derek ThurstonThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Caleb Stoddard (1976)Jeff Cooper (1976)Joe Ladue (1977–84)Duration
1976–84First appearance
1976Last appearance
April 13, 1984Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, regularProfileOther names
George Bowen (birth name)[16]Occupation
CEO of Chancellor IndustriesHair dresser
showFamilySpouse
Suzanne Lynch (1960–70)Katherine Chancellor (1977–81)Jill Foster (1978)Children
Jamie Thurston

text: Derek Thurston first appeared in 1976 and was first portrayed by both Caleb Stoddard and Jeff Cooper, who had brief stints on the series before Joe Ladue took over the role in 1977. The character was then married to Katherine Chancellor and romanced Jill Foster. Ladue departed from the role in 1981 but returned for a special guest appearance on April 13, 1984.

text:
History
Derek was a hairdresser tricked into marrying Katherine Chancellor by Kay herself after Kay had fallen in love with him. Derek was actually attracted to Kay's sworn enemy, Jill Foster Abbott, but he decided to go along with Katherine because he knew he would gain wealth if he lived with her for a year and could then set up his own salon. However, Derek's past in organized crime came back to haunt him when the mob tried to shoot him, but accidentally shot Katherine, who was left paralyzed. Even after she recovered, Kay used her health as a way to hold onto Derek. Derek's life took another strange turn when his ex-wife, Suzanne Lynch, came to town prepared to do anything to win Derek back. By lacing candy with drugs, she attempted to drive Kay to insanity but it backfired when it appeared Kay had been killed by the candy and Derek, free of both his wives, inherited the Chancellor fortune and planned to marry Jill. Everyone was shocked when thought-to-be-dead Katherine showed up at the wedding to reclaim her fortune—and Derek, as well. The newly reunited couple decided to go on a cruise, but while traveling they had a fight that resulted in Kay jumping overboard. When she returned from being held captive by and falling in love with a man named Felipe, she divorced Derek. Derek had a friendly reunion with both Jill, who informed him she had gotten married, and Kay, who had just recently had a face-lift, when he appeared at the wedding of Victor Newman and Nikki Reed in 1984.

text: Casey Reed[edit]

text:
Casey ReedThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Roberta Leighton (1978–98)Duration

1978–81
1984–89
1998
First appearance
March 1978Last appearance
April 1998Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, recurringProfileOccupation
Medical doctor
showFamilyParents
Nicholas ReedSiblings
Nikki ReedNieces and nephews
Dylan McAvoyVictoria NewmanJohn Abbott IIINicholas Newman

text: Casey Reed first appeared in March 1978 and was portrayed by Roberta Leighton.[17] The character is better known as the older sister of longtime Genoa City resident Nikki Newman. Originally a main character with the actress on contract, Leighton later moved to recurring status. Her most recent appearance was in April 1998.

text:
History
Dr. Casey Reed is Nikki Reed's older sister. Casey takes a job at Snapper Foster's medical clinic in 1978. Snapper falls in love with Casey after he separates from his wife, Chris Brooks Foster. Casey and Snapper's relationship is troubled from the start because Casey suffers from a fear of sex and she is also worried about her younger sister, Nikki, who is a promiscuous teenager. When Nikki and Casey's mother is killed in a car crash, their father, Nick Reed, returns to Genoa City. Seeing her father again, Casey remembers a traumatic incident that has been buried deep in her subconscious. When she was a child, Nick raped her. When Casey, accompanied by her friend, Brock Reynolds, goes to confront Nick, he is in the process of trying to rape Nikki. During Nikki's struggle to defend herself, she accidentally kills their father.

text: Casey later begins seeing Lucas Prentiss, who has separated from his wife, Leslie Brooks. As Lucas turns his sights on Casey, who is making great strides in recovering from her troubled childhood, Casey is also trying to emotionally detach herself from Snapper, whose wife, Chris, has returned to Genoa City. When Chris realizes Snapper was involved with Casey, she introduces herself to the new woman in her husband's life. Since Snapper cannot decide which woman he wants to see exclusively, Chris and Casey jointly decide to cut off contact with him until he is able to make a decision. Casey ends her association with Lucas after realizing he still has feelings for Leslie. In 1981, Casey is harassed by a secret stalker, who eventually shifts his focus to Nikki. Meanwhile, Casey leaves Genoa City when she accepts a job in another town. In 1984, Casey briefly returns to Genoa City to attend her sister's wedding to Victor Newman. Casey returns to Genoa City in 1985 and leaves town again in 1989. In 1998, Casey makes another visit to Genoa City upon learning about the shooting of Nikki who has been shot by a psychotic woman named Veronica Landers who was posing as a maid named Sarah Lindsay. It was revealed in 2010 that Casey had been diagnosed with breast cancer, but was able to fight it off.

text: Rose DeVille[edit]

text:
Rose DeVilleThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Darlene ConleyDuration

1979–80
1986–87
First appearance
1979Last appearance
January 1987Introduced by
William J. BellClassification
Former, recurringProfileOccupation
Black market baby racketeerLeader of a prostitution ring
showFamilyNieces
Primrose DeVille

text: Rose DeVille first appeared in 1979 as the owner and runner of a prostitution ring and, later, a black market baby organization. She was portrayed by Darlene Conley[18] until 1980, with a return appearance from 1986 to January 1987.

text:
History
Rose DeVille had a modeling agency that was really a front for drugs and prostitution. An unwitting, young Nikki Reed signed on and became entangled in the death of a businessman, Walter Addison. Rose later ran a home for unwed mothers while actually operating a black-market baby ring. She took a teenage Nina Webster under her wing, only to later abandon her on the delivery table and kidnap her son. Nina was led to believe the baby was stillborn. Eventually learning the truth, however, it was too late: Rose was gone and never seen again. The ordeal haunted Nina on and off over the years, the show occasionally featuring flashbacks, which featured Rose. The last of these happened in 2000 and 2010. In 2010, Nina and her friends, Paul Williams and Christine Blair all reminisced about the sad day. As Paul investigated Nina's lost-son whereabouts, he mentioned that Rose was deceased.

text: April Stevens[edit]

text:
April StevensThe Young and the Restless characterPortrayed by
Janet Wood (1979)Cindy Eilbacher (1979–94)Rebecca Staab (2008)Duration

1979–82
1992–94
2008
First appearance
December 1979Last appearance
January 14, 2008Introduced by
William J. Bell (1979)Josh Griffith and Maria Arena Bell (2008)Classification
Former, recurringProfileResidence
New York City, New York
showFamilyParents
Dorothy StevensWayne StevensSiblings
Barbara Ann HardingSpouse
Paul Williams (1981)Robert Lynch (1991–92)Children
Heather Stevens

text: April Stevens first appeared in December 1979, originally portrayed by Janet Wood until the role was assumed by Cindy Eilbacher, who remained in the role until 1982. Eilbacher reprised her role from 1992 to 1994. April was last portrayed by Rebecca Staab for two episodes in January 2008.[19][20]

text:
History
In 1979, April became neighbors with Snapper and Chris Foster as she moved right next door to them in their apartment building. April Stevens then began to see and have an affair with Paul Williams and she became pregnant. Paul urged April to have an abortion and, when she refused, Paul turned his back on her. Paul ended up leaving Genoa City to join the New World Commune with his ex-girlfriend, Nikki Reed Foster. Steven Williams and Peggy Brooks were able to expose the commune as a cult. Nikki's husband Greg Foster ended up falling for April. When Greg learned April was gravely ill, he pressured Paul to finally marry April for their child, Heather. A reluctant Paul eventually married her in January 1981. Their marriage, however, turned dull and parental responsibility proved too much for Paul; he and April divorced. April's parents, Dorothy and Wayne Stevens, were introduced in 1980 as having struggled to make ends meet to take care of April, having been forced to give up another baby for adoption. An heiress by the name of Barbara Hartling discovered on her father's death bed that she was adopted and that Dorothy and Wayne were her parents. Barbara came to Genoa City and lavished them with money and gifts, eventually convincing them to New York City with her. After saying goodbye to Paul, April took Heather and left town.

text: Later, April married Dr. Robert Lynch, who physically abused April. On a visit to Genoa City back in 1992, Paul and his friend and future wife, Christine Blair, ended up figuring out the truth about April's marriage. April ended up leaving Heather behind out of protection but, back in New York, April stabbed Robert in self-defense. April was charged with murder while Christine and John Silva offered to represent her. Once the case was dropped, Paul hoped to have a new life with April and Heather, but April wanted to leave Genoa City again. April briefly returned to Genoa City in 2008 and revealed to Heather that Paul was her father, allowing them to begin to rebuild their father-daughter relationship. Heather left Genoa City in November 2011 and went to New York.


document_title: Tiptoe Through the Tulips

question_text: who wrote the song tiptoe through the tulips

root

text: Tiptoe Through the Tulips

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Tip Toe Through the Tulips with Me

by Joe Burke & Al Dubin

Cover of the sheet music for "Tip Toe Through The Tulips With Me"

Genre
Popular song from the 1929 film Gold Diggers of Broadway

Publisher
M. Witmark & Sons (New York)

text: "Tiptoe Through the Tulips", also known as "Tip Toe Through the Tulips with Me", is a popular song published in 1929. The song was written by Al Dubin (lyrics) and Joe Burke (music) and made popular by guitarist Nick Lucas.

tag: p

text: Recording history[edit]

text: "Crooning Troubadour" Nick Lucas topped the US charts with "Tiptoe Through the Tulips" in 1929, after introducing the song in the musical "talkie" film Gold Diggers of Broadway. Lucas's recording held the #1 position for 10 weeks.[1] Other artists charted with the song in 1929, including Jean Goldkette (#5), Johnny Marvin (#11), and Roy Fox (#18).

text: The song was used in Sinkin' in the Bathtub, the first Looney Tunes cartoon short, in 1930. It is also heard in the opening scene of the 1945 film Confidential Agent.

text: The song was revived in 1967 by the California rock group The Humane Society and in 1968 by Tiny Tim, whose version charted at #17 that year, becoming his signature song, which he would continue to perform throughout his career. It was also later covered by The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible, otherwise delete it. (April 2017)

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The song is sung by Dr. Smith and again by the Robot in the Lost in Space episode "Space Circus"[2]

text: The song is mentioned in the 1997 book Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.[3] Vernon Dursley hums the song while boarding up small cracks around the front and back doors of his house so he can stop letters from Hogwarts reaching Harry.

text: Comedian Otto Waalkes sang a version, similar to that from Tiny Tim in his program Otto[4]

text: In The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, the phrase "I like to tiptoe through the tulips" is one of Geralt's speech options for the pass-phrase to enter the Putrid Grove in Novigrad (though not the correct one).[5]


document_title: Supreme Court of India

question_text: how supreme court judge is appointed in india

text: Supreme Court of India

text: History[edit]

text: In 1861 the Indian High Courts Act 1861 was enacted to create High Courts for various provinces and abolished Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the Sadar Adalats in Presidency towns which had acted as the highest court in their respective regions. These new High Courts had the distinction of being the highest Courts for all cases till the creation of Federal Court of India under the Government of India Act 1935. The Federal Court had jurisdiction to solve disputes between provinces and federal states and hear appeal against judgements of the High Courts. The first CJI of India was Shri. H.J.Kania.[3]

text: The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950.[4] It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system.

text: Supreme Court initially had its seat at Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building where the previous Federal Court of India sat from 1937 to 1950. The first Chief Justice of India was Sir H J Kania. In 1958, the Supreme Court moved to its present premises.[4] Originally, Constitution of India envisaged a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and seven Judges; leaving it to Parliament to increase this number.[5] In formative years, the Supreme Court met from 10 to 12 in the morning and then 2 to 4 in the afternoon for 28 days in a month.[6]

text: Court building architecture[edit]

text: The building is shaped to symbolize scales of justice with its centre-beam being the Central Wing of the building comprising the Chief Justice’s court, the largest of the courtrooms, with two court halls on either side. The Right Wing of the structure has the bar – room, the offices of the Attorney General of India and other law officers and the library of the court. The Left Wing has the offices of the court. In all, there are 15 courtrooms in the various wings of the building.[3][4][7]

text: The foundation stone of the supreme court's building was laid on 29 October 1954 by Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India. The main block of the building has been built on a triangular plot of 17 acres and has been designed in an Indo-British style by the chief architect Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar, the first Indian to head the Central Public Works Department. The Court moved into the building in 1958. In 1979, two new wings – the East Wing and the West Wing – were added to the complex. 1994 saw the last extension.[4]

text: Mother and Child Sculpture[edit]

text: On 30 february 1980, a black bronze sculpture of 210-centimeter height was installed in the lawn of the Supreme Court. It portrays Mother India in the form of the figure of a lady, sheltering the young Republic of India represented by the symbol of a child, who is upholding the laws of land symbolically shown in the form of an open book. On the book, a balance beam is shown, which represents dispensation of equal justice to all. The sculpture was made by the renowned artist Chintamoni Kar. The sculpture is just behind the idol of Mahatma Gandhi.

text: Seal[edit]

text: The design of the Court's seal is reproduced from the wheel that appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion capital of Asoka with 24 spokes. The inscription in Sanskrit "yatodharmastato jayah"(यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः) means "whence law (dharma), thence victory". It is also referred to – as the wheel of righteousness, encompassing truth, goodness and equity.[3]

text: Constitution of the court[edit]

text: Registry[edit]

text: The registry of the Supreme Court is headed by the Secretary-General who is assisted by 8 registrars, several additional and deputy registrars, etc., with 1770 employees in all (221 gazetted officers, 805 non-gazetted and 744 Class IV employees)[8] Article 146 of the Constitution deals with the appointments of officers and servants of the Supreme Court registry.[9][10]

text: Supreme Court advocates[edit]

text: Supreme Court Rules, 2013[11] entitle only those advocates who are registered with the supreme court, called 'Advocates-on-Record' to appear, act and plead for a party in the court. Those advocates who are designated as 'Senior Advocates' by the Supreme Court or any of the High Courts can appear for clients along with an Advocate-on-Record. Any other advocate can appear for a party along with or under instructions from an Advocate-on-Record.

text: Composition[edit]

text: Size of the court[edit]

text: As originally enacted, the Constitution of India provided for a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 7 judges. In the early years, a full bench of the Supreme Court sat together to hear the cases presented before them. As the work of the Court increased and cases began to accumulate, Parliament increased the number of judges from the original 8 in 1950 to 10 in 1956, 13 in 1960, 17 in 1977, 26 in 1986 and 31 in 2008 (current strength). As the number of the judges has increased, they sit in smaller benches of two or three (referred to as a division bench) [12]— coming together in larger benches of five or more (referred to as a constitution bench) when required to settle fundamental questions of law. A bench may refer a case before it to a larger bench, should the need arise.[13]

text: Eligibility[edit]

text: A citizen of India[14] who has been

text:
a judge of one high court or more (continuously), for at least five years,[14] or
an advocate there, for at least ten years,[14] or
a distinguished jurist,[14] in the opinion of the president,

tag: ul

text: is eligible to be recommended for appointment, a judge of the supreme court.

text: Court demographics[edit]

text:
I am proud to be an Indian. India is the only country where a member of the minority Parsi community with a population of 1,67,000, like myself, can aspire to attain the post of the Chief Justice of India. These things do not happen in our neighbouring countries.

Former Chief Justice of India, S. H. Kapadia[15][16]

tag: div

text: In practice, judges of the supreme court have been selected so far, mostly from amongst judges of the high courts. Barely six – Justices S. M. Sikri, S. Chandra Roy, Kuldip Singh, Santosh Hegde, R. F. Nariman, U. U. Lalit and L. Nageshwara Rao have been appointed to the supreme court directly from the bar (i.e. who were practising advocates).[17][18]

text: The supreme court saw its first woman judge when Justice M. Fathima Beevi was sworn into office in 1989.[19] The sixth and the most recent woman judge in the court is Justice R. Banumathi.[20][21] In 1968, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah became the first Muslim Chief Justice of India. In 2000, Justice K. G. Balakrishnan became the first judge from the dalit community. In 2007 he also became the first dalit Chief Justice of India. In 2010, Justice S. H. Kapadia coming from a Parsi minority community became the Chief Justice of India.[15][22] In 2017, Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar became the first Sikh Chief Justice of India.

text: Judicial independence[edit]

text: The Constitution seeks to ensure the independence of Supreme Court Judges in various ways.

text: Appointments and the Collegium[edit]

text: As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases – (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium  — a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee.[23] This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments.

text: Judges used to be appointed by the President on the advice of the Union Cabinet. After 1993 (the Second Judges' Case), no minister, or even the executive collectively, can suggest any names to the President,[24][25] who ultimately decides on appointing them from a list of names recommended only by the collegium of the judiciary. Simultaneously, as held in that judgment, the executive was given the power to reject a recommended name. However, according to some, the executive has not been diligent in using this power to reject the names of bad candidates recommended by the judiciary.[26][27][28]

text: The collegium system has come under a fair amount of criticism.[25] In 2015, the Parliament passed a law to replace the collegium with a National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC). This was struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, in the Fourth Judges' Case, as the new system would undermine the independence of the judiciary.[29] Putting the old system of the collegium back, the court invited suggestions, even from the general public, on how to improve the collegium system, broadly along the lines of – setting up an eligibility criteria for appointments, a permanent secretariat to help the collegium sift through material on potential candidates, infusing more transparency into the selection process, grievance redressal and any other suggestion not in these four categories, like transfer of judges.[30] This resulted in the court asking the government and the collegium to finalize the Memorandum of Procedure incorporating the above.[31]

text: Once, in 2009, the recommendation for the appointment of a judge of a high court made by the collegium of that court, had come to be challenged in the supreme court. The court held that who could become a judge was a matter of fact, and any person had a right to question it. But who should become a judge was a matter of opinion and could not be questioned. As long as an effective consultation took place within a collegium in arriving at that opinion, the content or material placed before it to form the opinion could not be called for scrutiny in court.[32]

text: Tenure[edit]

text: Supreme Court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India.[33]

text: Salary[edit]

text: Article 125 of the Indian Constitution leaves it to the Indian Parliament to determine the salary, other allowances, leave of absence, pension, etc. of the Supreme Court judges. However, the Parliament cannot alter any of these privileges and rights to the judge's disadvantage after his/her appointment.[34] A judge gets ₹90,000 (US$1,400) per month, the Chief Justice earns an additional ₹100,000 (US$1,600).[35]

text: Removal[edit]

text: A judge of the Supreme Court can be removed under the Constitution only on grounds of proven misconduct or incapacity and by an order of the President of India, after a notice signed by at least 100 members of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) or 50 members of the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States) is passed by a two-third majority in each House of the Parliament.[36][37]

text: Post-retirement[edit]

text: A Person who has retired as a Judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practicing in any court of law or before any other authority in India.

text: Review petition[edit]

text: Article 137 of the Constitution of India lays down provision for the power of the Supreme Court to review its own judgements. As per this Article, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under Article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.[38]

text: Under Order XL of the Supreme Court Rules, that have been framed under its powers under Article 145 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court may review its judgment or order but no application for review is to be entertained in a civil proceeding except on the grounds mentioned in Order XLVII, Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

text: Powers to punish for contempt[edit]

text: Under Articles 129 and 142 of the Constitution the Supreme Court has been vested with power to punish anyone for contempt of any court in India including itself. The Supreme Court performed an unprecedented action when it directed a sitting Minister of the state of Maharashtra, Swaroop Singh Naik,[39] to be jailed for 1-month on a charge of contempt of court on 12 May 2006. This was the first time that a serving Minister was ever jailed.[40][41]

text: Rules[edit]

text: The Constitution of India under Article 145 empowers the Supreme Court to frame its own rules for regulating the practice and procedure of the Court as and when required (with the approval of the President of India). Accordingly, "Supreme Court Rules, 1950" were framed. The 1950 Rules were replaced by the Supreme Court Rules, 1966.[42] In 2014, Supreme Court notified the Supreme Court Rules, 2013 replacing the 1966 Rules effective from 19 August 2014.[11]

text: Reporting and citation[edit]

text: Supreme Court Reports is the official journal of Reportable Supreme Court Decisions. It is published under the authority of the Supreme Court of India by the Controller of Publications, Government of India, Delhi.[43] In addition, there are many other reputed private journals that report Supreme Court decisions. Some of these other important journals are: SCR (The Supreme Court Reports), SCC(Supreme Court Cases), AIR (All India Reporter), SCALE, etc.

text: Facilities on the campus[edit]

text: Legal-aid,[44][45][46] court-fee vendors, first-aid post, dental clinic, physiotherapy unit and pathology lab; rail-reservation counter, canteen, post office and a branch and 3 ATMs of UCO Bank, Supreme Court Museum[8] can be availed by litigants and visitors.

text: Landmark judgments[edit]

text: Land reform[edit]

text: After some of the courts overturned state laws for redistributing land from zamindar (landlord) estates on the ground that the laws violated the zamindars' fundamental rights, the Parliament passed the 1st amendment to the Constitution in 1951, followed by the 4th amendment in 1955, to uphold its authority to redistribute land. The Supreme Court countered these amendments in 1967 when it ruled in Golaknath v. State of Punjab[47] that the Parliament did not have the power to abrogate fundamental rights, including the provisions on private property. The 25th amendment to the Constitution in 1971 curtailed the right of a citizen to property as a fundamental right and gave authority to the government to infringe private property, which led to a furor amongst the zamindars.

text: Emergency (1975–1977)[edit]

text: The independence of judiciary was severely curtailed[48] during the Indian Emergency (1975–1977) of Indira Gandhi. The constitutional rights of imprisoned persons were restricted under Preventive detention laws passed by the parliament. In the case of Shiva Kant Shukla Additional District Magistrate of Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla, popularly known as the Habeas Corpus case, a bench of five seniormost judges of Supreme court ruled in favour of state's right for unrestricted powers of detention during the emergency. Justices A.N. Ray, P. N. Bhagwati, Y. V. Chandrachud, and M.H. Beg, stated in the majority decision:[49]

text: The only dissenting opinion was from Justice H. R. Khanna, who stated:

text: It is believed that before delivering his dissenting opinion, Justice Khanna had mentioned to his sister: "I have prepared my judgment, which is going to cost me the Chief Justice-ship of India."[50] In January 1977, Justice Khanna was superseded despite being the most senior judge at the time and thereby Government broke the convention of appointing only the senior most judge to the position of Chief Justice of India. Justice Khanna remains a legendary figure among the legal fraternity in India for this decision.

text: The New York Times, wrote of this opinion: "The submission of an independent judiciary to absolutist government is virtually the last step in the destruction of a democratic society; and the Indian Supreme Court's decision appears close to utter surrender."

text: During the emergency period, the government also passed the 39th amendment, which sought to limit judicial review for the election of the Prime Minister; only a body constituted by Parliament could review this election.[51] Subsequently, the parliament, with most opposition members in jail during the emergency, passed the 42nd Amendment which prevented any court from reviewing any amendment to the constitution with the exception of procedural issues concerning ratification. A few years after the emergency, however, the Supreme court rejected the absoluteness of the 42nd amendment and reaffirmed its power of judicial review in the Minerva Mills case (1980).

text: Post-1980: an assertive court[edit]

text: After Indira Gandhi lost elections in 1977, the new government of Morarji Desai, and especially law minister Shanti Bhushan (who had earlier argued for the detenues in the Habeas Corpus case), introduced a number of amendments making it more difficult to declare and sustain an emergency, and reinstated much of the power to the Supreme Court. It is said that the Basic Structure doctrine, created in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, was strengthened in Indira Gandhi's case and set in stone in [Minerva Mills v. Union of India].[52]

text: The Supreme Court's creative and expansive interpretations of Article 21 (Life and Personal Liberty), primarily after the Emergency period, have given rise to a new jurisprudence of public interest litigation that has vigorously promoted many important economic and social rights (constitutionally protected but not enforceable) including, but not restricted to, the rights to free education, livelihood, a clean environment,[53] food and many others. Civil and political rights (traditionally protected in the Fundamental Rights chapter of the Indian Constitution) have also been expanded and more fiercely protected. These new interpretations have opened the avenue for litigation on a number of important issues.

text: Recent important cases[edit]

text: Among the important pronouncements of the Supreme Court post 2000 is the Coelho case I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (Judgment of 11 January 2007). A unanimous Bench of 9 judges reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine. It held that a constitutional amendment which entails violation of any fundamental rights which the Court regards as forming part of the basic structure of the Constitution, then the same can be struck down depending upon its impact and consequences. The judgment clearly imposes further limitations on the constituent power of Parliament with respect to the principles underlying certain fundamental rights. The judgment in Coelho has in effect restored the decision in Golak Nath regarding non-amendability of the Constitution on account of infraction of fundamental rights, contrary to the judgment in the Kesavananda Bharati case.

text: Another important decision was of the five-judge Bench in Ashoka Kumara Thakur v. Union of India; where the constitutional validity of Central Educational Institutions (Reservations in Admissions) Act, 2006 was upheld, subject to the "creamy layer" criteria. Importantly, the Court refused to follow the 'strict scrutiny' standards of review followed by the United States Supreme Court. At the same time, the Court has applied the strict scrutiny standards in Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India (2007) ([1])

text: 2G spectrum scam[edit]

text: The Supreme Court declared allotment of spectrum as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued in 2008 during tenure of A. Raja (then minister for communications & IT), the main official accused in the 2G scam case.[54]

text: Black money[edit]

text: The government refused to disclose details of about 18 Indians holding accounts in LGT Bank, Liechtenstein, evoking a sharp response from a Bench comprising Justices B Sudershan Reddy and S S Nijjar. The court ordered Special investigation team (SIT) to probe the matter.[55][56] Lack of enthusiasm made the court create a special investigative team (SIT).[57]

text: Minority reservations[edit]

text: The Supreme Court refused to stay the Andhra Pradesh High Court judgement quashing 4.5% sub-quota for minorities under OBC reservation quota of 27%.[58]

text: Online/postal ballot for Indian citizen living abroad (NRIs)[edit]

text: Three judge bench presided by Honorable Chief Justice Altamas Kabir issued notice to the Centre and the Election Commission of India (EC) on the PIL filed by a group of NRIs for online/postal ballot for the Indian citizens living abroad.[59][60]

text: Recognition of transgender as 'third gender' in law[edit]

text: In April 2014, Justice KS Radhakrishnan declared transgender to be the 'third gender' in Indian law, in a case brought by the National Legal Services Authority (Nalsa) against Union of India and others.[61][62][63] The ruling said:[64]

text: Seldom, our society realises or cares to realise the trauma, agony and pain which the members of Transgender community undergo, nor appreciates the innate feelings of the members of the Transgender community, especially of those whose mind and body disown their biological sex. Our society often ridicules and abuses the Transgender community and in public places like railway stations, bus stands, schools, workplaces, malls, theatres, hospitals, they are sidelined and treated as untouchables, forgetting the fact that the moral failure lies in the society's unwillingness to contain or embrace different gender identities and expressions, a mindset which we have to change.

text: Justice Radhakrishnan said that transgender people should be treated consistently with other minorities under the law, enabling them to access jobs, healthcare and education.[65] He framed the issue as one of human rights, saying that, "These TGs, even though insignificant in numbers, are still human beings and therefore they have every right to enjoy their human rights", concluding by declaring that:[64]

text: (1) Hijras, eunuchs, apart from binary gender, be treated as "third gender" for the purpose of safeguarding their rights under Part III of our Constitution and the laws made by the Parliament and the State Legislature.

text: (2) Transgender persons' right to decide their self-identified gender is also upheld and the Centre and State Governments are directed to grant legal recognition of their gender identity such as male, female or as third gender.

text: Relief to over 35,000 public servants[edit]

text: In B.Prabhakara Rao vs. State of A.P. involved sudden reduction in age of superannuation from 58 years to 55 years of over 35,000 public servants of State Government, public sector undertakings, statutory bodies, educational institutions and Tirupathi-Tirumalai Devasthanams (TTD). They lost first round of litigation in the Supreme Court. Realising the mistake, fresh legislation was brought restoring the original age of superannuation of 58 years but providing that the benefit of new legislation would not extend to those whose reduction of age of superannuation had been upheld. In challenge to this law, Subodh Markandeya argued that all that was required was to strike down naughty “not” – which found favour with the Supreme Court bringing relief to over 35,000 public servants.[66][67]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: 2008 saw the Supreme Court embroiled in several controversies, from serious allegations of corruption at the highest level of the judiciary,[68] expensive private holidays at the tax payers expense,[69] refusal to divulge details of judges' assets to the public,[70] secrecy in the appointments of judges',[71] to refusal to make information public under the Right to Information Act.[72] The Chief Justice K. G. Balakrishnan invited a lot of criticism for his comments on his post not being that of a public servant, but that of a constitutional authority.[73] He later went back on this stand.[74] The judiciary has come in for serious criticisms from former Presidents of India Pratibha Patil and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam for failure in handling its duties.[75] Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, has stated that corruption is one of the major challenges facing the judiciary, and suggested that there is an urgent need to eradicate this menace.[76]

text: The Cabinet Secretary of the Indian government introduced the Judges Inquiry (Amendment) Bill 2008 in Parliament for setting up of a panel called the National Judicial Council, headed by the Chief Justice of India, that will probe into allegations of corruption and misconduct by High Court and Supreme Court judges.[77][78]

text: According to Supreme Court newsletter, there are 58,519 cases pending in the Supreme Court, out of which 37,385 are pending for more than a year, at the end of 2011. Excluding connected cases, there are still 33,892 pending cases.[79] As per the latest pendency data made available by the Supreme Court, the total number of pending cases in the Supreme Court as on 1 April 2014 is 64,330, which includes 34,144 Admission matters (miscellaneous) and 30,186 Regular Hearing matters.[80] In May, 2014, former Chief Justice of India, Justice R.M. Lodha, proposed to make Indian judiciary work throughout the year (instead of the present system of having long vacations, specially in the higher courts) in order to reduce pendency of cases in Indian courts; however, as per this proposal there is not going to be any increase in the number of working days or working hours of any of the judges and it only meant that different judges would be going on vacation during different periods of the year as per their choice; but, the Bar Council of India rejected this proposal mainly because it would have inconvenienced the advocates who would have to work throughout the year.[81]