document_title: Rawlings Gold Glove Award

question_text: who has the most golden gloves in mlb history

text: Rawlings Gold Glove Award

text: History[edit]

text: For the first four seasons of the award (1957 to 1960), individual awards were presented to left fielders, center fielders, and right fielders. From 1961 through 2010, the phrase "at each position" was no longer strictly accurate, since the prize was presented to three outfielders irrespective of their specific position.[8] Any combination of outfielders, often three center fielders, could win the award in the same year.[9][10] Critics called for awarding a single Gold Glove for each individual outfield position, arguing that the three outfield positions are not equivalent defensively.[10] Starting in 2011, separate awards for each outfield position were once again presented.[9] In the 1985 American League voting, a tie for third-place resulted in the presentation of Gold Glove Awards to four outfielders (Dwayne Murphy, Gary Pettis, Dwight Evans and Dave Winfield); this scenario was repeated in the National League in 2007 (Andruw Jones, Carlos Beltrán, Aaron Rowand, and Jeff Francoeur).

text: Before SABR's involvement in the voting process, The Boston Globe writer Peter Abraham said the Fielding Bible Awards "are far more accurate (and accountable)" than the Gold Glove awards since statistics are used along with the opinions of an expert panel. The Gold Gloves are selected by managers and coaches that may have seen a player as few as six times during the season.[11] Bill Chuck of Comcast SportsNet New England wrote that Gold Glove voters frequently counted only errors to determine winners.[12] Geoff Baker of The Seattle Times said the votes for the Gold Gloves rely largely on a player's past reputation.[13] The Associated Press wrote that "some fans have viewed the Gold Gloves as mostly a popularity contest, even suggesting that a player's performance at the plate helped draw extra attention to his glove."[14] After winning the AL Gold Glove at first base in both 1997 and 1998, Rafael Palmeiro won again in 1999 with the Texas Rangers while only appearing in 28 games as a first baseman; he played in 128 games as a designated hitter that season, resulting in a controversy.[12][15][16][17] Derek Jeter, winner of five Gold Gloves, believes that many defensive factors cannot be quantified.[18] In 2013, Rawlings collaborated on the Gold Glove Award with SABR, who provided the SABR Defensive Index (SDI) to add a sabermetric component to the selection process.  The index accounted for 25 percent of the vote, while managers and coaches continued to provide the majority.[3] Afterwards, Jay Jaffe of Sports Illustrated wrote that the Gold Gloves "appear to have significantly closed the gap on their more statistically-driven counterparts."[19] SABR and FiveThirtyEight believed that the impact to the voting results by SDI, which is also included on the voters' ballots, went beyond its 25 own percent weight and also influenced the managers' and coaches' voting.[20]

text: The most Gold Gloves ever won by one player is 18 by pitcher Greg Maddux. He won 13 consecutive awards from 1990 to 2002, all in the National League.[21] Brooks Robinson has the most wins as a third baseman, with 16 Gold Gloves,[22] and is tied for the second-highest total overall with pitcher Jim Kaat, who won his 16 awards consecutively.[23] Iván Rodríguez has won the most Gold Gloves as a catcher, with 13 career awards in the American League.[24] Ozzie Smith has 13 wins at shortstop; he and Rodríguez are tied for the fourth-highest total among all winners.[25] Among outfielders, Roberto Clemente and Willie Mays, who played primarily right field and center field, respectively, are tied for the lead with 12 Gold Gloves.[26][27] Keith Hernandez, the leader at first base, has won 11 times,[28] and Roberto Alomar leads second basemen with 10 wins.[29] Other players with 10 or more wins include shortstop Omar Vizquel (11),[30] catcher Johnny Bench (10),[31] third baseman Mike Schmidt (10),[32] and outfielders Ken Griffey Jr., Ichiro Suzuki, Andruw Jones, and Al Kaline (10 each).[33][34][35][36]

text: The only player to win Gold Gloves as an infielder and outfielder is Darin Erstad, who won Gold Gloves as an outfielder in 2000 and 2002 and as a first baseman in 2004, all with the Anaheim Angels.[37] The only other player to win Gold Gloves at multiple positions is Plácido Polanco, who won at second base (2007, 2009 AL) and third base (2011 NL).[38] Family pairs to win Gold Gloves include brothers Ken and Clete Boyer (third base),[39][40] brothers Sandy Alomar, Jr. (catcher) and Roberto Alomar (second base),[29] Bengie and Yadier Molina (catcher),[41][42] father and son Bobby and Barry Bonds (outfield),[43][44] and father and son Bob (catcher) and Bret Boone (second base).[45][46]

text:
In 2016, Rawlings announced it would begin awarding a gold glove annually to a female fastpitch softball player in the National Pro Fastpitch league.[47]
NPF coaches and managers vote for a winner (excluding those on their respective teams).  This award is in addition to the collegiate and high school awards added in 2007, its 50th anniversary.[48]

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Key to symbols and headers in player lists

Year

Links to the corresponding Major League Baseball season

1B

First baseman (list of winners)

2B

Second baseman (list of winners)

3B

Third baseman (list of winners)

SS

Shortstop (list of winners)

OF

Outfielder[a] (list of winners)

C

Catcher (list of winners)

P

Pitcher (list of winners)

* or **

Winner of the most Gold Glove Awards at his position (** indicates tie)

Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

text:
Gold Glove winners in the American League, listed by position

Year

1B

2B

3B

SS

OF

OF

OF

C

P

1957[b]

Gil Hodges
Nellie Fox
Frank Malzone
Roy McMillan
Willie Mays**[c]
Al Kaline[d]
Minnie Miñoso[e]
Sherm Lollar
Bobby Shantz

1958

Vic Power
Frank Bolling
Frank Malzone
Luis Aparicio
Norm Siebern[e]
Al Kaline[d]
Jimmy Piersall[c]
Sherm Lollar
Bobby Shantz

1959

Vic Power
Nellie Fox
Frank Malzone
Luis Aparicio
Jackie Jensen[d]
Al Kaline[c]
Minnie Miñoso[e]
Sherm Lollar
Bobby Shantz

1960

Vic Power
Nellie Fox
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Jim Landis[c]
Roger Maris[d]
Minnie Miñoso[e]
Earl Battey
Bobby Shantz

1961

Vic Power
Bobby Richardson
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Jim Landis
Al Kaline
Jimmy Piersall
Earl Battey
Frank Lary

1962

Vic Power
Bobby Richardson
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Jim Landis
Al Kaline
Mickey Mantle
Earl Battey
Jim Kaat

1963

Vic Power
Bobby Richardson
Brooks Robinson*
Zoilo Versalles
Jim Landis
Al Kaline
Carl Yastrzemski
Elston Howard
Jim Kaat

1964

Vic Power
Bobby Richardson
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Jim Landis
Al Kaline
Vic Davalillo
Elston Howard
Jim Kaat

1965

Joe Pepitone
Bobby Richardson
Brooks Robinson*
Zoilo Versalles
Tom Tresh
Al Kaline
Carl Yastrzemski
Bill Freehan
Jim Kaat

1966

Joe Pepitone
Bobby Knoop
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Tommie Agee
Al Kaline
Tony Oliva
Bill Freehan
Jim Kaat

1967

George Scott
Bobby Knoop
Brooks Robinson*
Jim Fregosi
Paul Blair
Al Kaline
Carl Yastrzemski
Bill Freehan
Jim Kaat

1968

George Scott
Bobby Knoop
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Reggie Smith
Mickey Stanley
Carl Yastrzemski
Bill Freehan
Jim Kaat

1969

Joe Pepitone
Davey Johnson
Brooks Robinson*
Mark Belanger
Paul Blair
Mickey Stanley
Carl Yastrzemski
Bill Freehan
Jim Kaat

1970

Jim Spencer
Davey Johnson
Brooks Robinson*
Luis Aparicio
Paul Blair
Mickey Stanley
Ken Berry
Ray Fosse
Jim Kaat

1971

George Scott
Davey Johnson
Brooks Robinson*
Mark Belanger
Paul Blair
Amos Otis
Carl Yastrzemski
Ray Fosse
Jim Kaat

1972

George Scott
Doug Griffin
Brooks Robinson*
Ed Brinkman
Paul Blair
Bobby Murcer
Ken Berry
Carlton Fisk
Jim Kaat

1973

George Scott
Bobby Grich
Brooks Robinson*
Mark Belanger
Paul Blair
Amos Otis
Mickey Stanley
Thurman Munson
Jim Kaat

1974

George Scott
Bobby Grich
Brooks Robinson*
Mark Belanger
Paul Blair
Amos Otis
Joe Rudi
Thurman Munson
Jim Kaat

1975

George Scott
Bobby Grich
Brooks Robinson*
Mark Belanger
Paul Blair
Fred Lynn
Joe Rudi
Thurman Munson
Jim Kaat

1976

George Scott
Bobby Grich
Aurelio Rodríguez
Mark Belanger
Dwight Evans
Rick Manning
Joe Rudi
Jim Sundberg
Jim Palmer

1977

Jim Spencer
Frank White
Graig Nettles
Mark Belanger
Juan Beníquez
Al Cowens
Carl Yastrzemski
Jim Sundberg
Jim Palmer

1978

Chris Chambliss
Frank White
Graig Nettles
Mark Belanger
Dwight Evans
Fred Lynn
Rick Miller
Jim Sundberg
Jim Palmer

1979

Cecil Cooper
Frank White
Buddy Bell
Rick Burleson
Dwight Evans
Fred Lynn
Sixto Lezcano
Jim Sundberg
Jim Palmer

1980

Cecil Cooper
Frank White
Buddy Bell
Alan Trammell
Willie Wilson
Fred Lynn
Dwayne Murphy
Jim Sundberg
Mike Norris

1981

Mike Squires
Frank White
Buddy Bell
Alan Trammell
Dwight Evans
Rickey Henderson
Dwayne Murphy
Jim Sundberg
Mike Norris

1982

Eddie Murray
Frank White
Buddy Bell
Robin Yount
Dwight Evans
Dave Winfield
Dwayne Murphy
Bob Boone
Ron Guidry

1983

Eddie Murray
Lou Whitaker
Buddy Bell
Alan Trammell
Dwight Evans
Dave Winfield
Dwayne Murphy
Lance Parrish
Ron Guidry

1984

Eddie Murray
Lou Whitaker
Buddy Bell
Alan Trammell
Dwight Evans
Dave Winfield
Dwayne Murphy
Lance Parrish
Ron Guidry

1985

Don Mattingly
Lou Whitaker
George Brett
Alfredo Griffin
Dwight Evans
Dave Winfield &Gary Pettis
Dwayne Murphy
Lance Parrish
Ron Guidry

1986

Don Mattingly
Frank White
Gary Gaetti
Tony Fernández
Kirby Puckett
Gary Pettis
Jesse Barfield
Bob Boone
Ron Guidry

1987

Don Mattingly
Frank White
Gary Gaetti
Tony Fernández
Kirby Puckett
Dave Winfield
Jesse Barfield
Bob Boone
Mark Langston

1988

Don Mattingly
Harold Reynolds
Gary Gaetti
Tony Fernández
Kirby Puckett
Gary Pettis
Devon White
Bob Boone
Mark Langston

1989

Don Mattingly
Harold Reynolds
Gary Gaetti
Tony Fernández
Kirby Puckett
Gary Pettis
Devon White
Bob Boone
Bret Saberhagen

1990

Mark McGwire
Harold Reynolds
Kelly Gruber
Ozzie Guillén
Gary Pettis
Ellis Burks
Ken Griffey Jr.
Sandy Alomar Jr.
Mike Boddicker

1991

Don Mattingly
Roberto Alomar*
Robin Ventura
Cal Ripken Jr.
Kirby Puckett
Devon White
Ken Griffey Jr.
Tony Peña
Mark Langston

1992

Don Mattingly
Roberto Alomar*
Robin Ventura
Cal Ripken Jr.
Kirby Puckett
Devon White
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mark Langston

1993

Don Mattingly
Roberto Alomar*
Robin Ventura
Omar Vizquel
Kenny Lofton
Devon White
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mark Langston

1994

Don Mattingly
Roberto Alomar*
Wade Boggs
Omar Vizquel
Kenny Lofton
Devon White
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mark Langston

1995

J. T. Snow
Roberto Alomar*
Wade Boggs
Omar Vizquel
Kenny Lofton
Devon White
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mark Langston

1996

J. T. Snow
Roberto Alomar*
Robin Ventura
Omar Vizquel
Kenny Lofton
Jay Buhner
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mike Mussina

1997

Rafael Palmeiro
Chuck Knoblauch
Matt Williams
Omar Vizquel
Bernie Williams
Jim Edmonds
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mike Mussina

1998

Rafael Palmeiro
Roberto Alomar*
Robin Ventura
Omar Vizquel
Bernie Williams
Jim Edmonds
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mike Mussina

1999

Rafael Palmeiro
Roberto Alomar*
Scott Brosius
Omar Vizquel
Bernie Williams
Shawn Green
Ken Griffey Jr.
Iván Rodríguez*
Mike Mussina

2000

John Olerud
Roberto Alomar*
Travis Fryman
Omar Vizquel
Bernie Williams
Jermaine Dye
Darin Erstad
Iván Rodríguez*
Kenny Rogers

2001

Doug Mientkiewicz
Roberto Alomar*
Eric Chavez
Omar Vizquel
Torii Hunter
Mike Cameron
Ichiro Suzuki
Iván Rodríguez*
Mike Mussina

2002

John Olerud
Bret Boone
Eric Chavez
Alex Rodriguez
Torii Hunter
Darin Erstad
Ichiro Suzuki
Bengie Molina
Kenny Rogers

2003

John Olerud
Bret Boone
Eric Chavez
Alex Rodriguez
Torii Hunter
Mike Cameron
Ichiro Suzuki
Bengie Molina
Mike Mussina

2004

Darin Erstad
Bret Boone
Eric Chavez
Derek Jeter
Torii Hunter
Vernon Wells
Ichiro Suzuki
Iván Rodríguez*
Kenny Rogers

2005

Mark Teixeira
Orlando Hudson
Eric Chavez
Derek Jeter
Torii Hunter
Vernon Wells
Ichiro Suzuki
Jason Varitek
Kenny Rogers

2006

Mark Teixeira
Mark Grudzielanek
Eric Chavez
Derek Jeter
Torii Hunter
Vernon Wells
Ichiro Suzuki
Iván Rodríguez*
Kenny Rogers

2007

Kevin Youkilis
Plácido Polanco
Adrián Beltré
Orlando Cabrera
Torii Hunter
Grady Sizemore
Ichiro Suzuki
Iván Rodríguez*
Johan Santana

2008

Carlos Peña
Dustin Pedroia
Adrián Beltré
Michael Young
Torii Hunter
Grady Sizemore
Ichiro Suzuki
Joe Mauer
Mike Mussina

2009

Mark Teixeira
Plácido Polanco
Evan Longoria
Derek Jeter
Torii Hunter
Adam Jones
Ichiro Suzuki
Joe Mauer
Mark Buehrle

2010

Mark Teixeira
Robinson Canó
Evan Longoria
Derek Jeter
Carl Crawford
Franklin Gutiérrez
Ichiro Suzuki
Joe Mauer
Mark Buehrle

2011

Adrian Gonzalez
Dustin Pedroia
Adrián Beltré
Erick Aybar
Alex Gordon[e]
Jacoby Ellsbury[c]
Nick Markakis[d]
Matt Wieters
Mark Buehrle

2012

Mark Teixeira
Robinson Canó
Adrián Beltré
J. J.  Hardy
Alex Gordon[e]
Adam Jones[c]
Josh Reddick [d]
Matt Wieters
Jeremy Hellickson &Jake Peavy

2013

Eric Hosmer
Dustin Pedroia
Manny Machado
J. J. Hardy
Alex Gordon[e]
Adam Jones[c]
Shane Victorino [d]
Salvador Pérez
R.A. Dickey

2014

Eric Hosmer
Dustin Pedroia
Kyle Seager
J. J. Hardy
Alex Gordon[e]
Adam Jones[c]
Nick Markakis[d]
Salvador Pérez
Dallas Keuchel

2015

Eric Hosmer
José Altuve
Manny Machado
Alcides Escobar
Yoenis Céspedes[e]
Kevin Kiermaier[c]
Kole Calhoun[d]
Salvador Pérez
Dallas Keuchel

2016

Mitch Moreland
Ian Kinsler
Adrián Beltré
Francisco Lindor
Brett Gardner[e]
Kevin Kiermaier[c]
Mookie Betts[d]
Salvador Pérez
Dallas Keuchel

2017

Eric Hosmer
Brian Dozier
Evan Longoria
Andrelton Simmons
Alex Gordon[e]
Byron Buxton[c]
Mookie Betts[d]
Martín Maldonado
Marcus Stroman

text:
Gold Glove winners in the National League, listed by position

Year

1B

2B

3B

SS

OF

OF

OF

C

P

1957[b]

Gil Hodges
Nellie Fox
Frank Malzone
Roy McMillan
Minnie Miñoso[e]
Al Kaline[d]
Willie Mays**[c]
Sherm Lollar
Bobby Shantz

1958

Gil Hodges
Bill Mazeroski
Ken Boyer
Roy McMillan
Hank Aaron[d]
Frank Robinson[e]
Willie Mays**[c]
Del Crandall
Harvey Haddix

1959

Gil Hodges
Charlie Neal
Ken Boyer
Roy McMillan
Hank Aaron[d]
Jackie Brandt[e]
Willie Mays**[c]
Del Crandall
Harvey Haddix

1960

Bill White
Bill Mazeroski
Ken Boyer
Ernie Banks
Hank Aaron[d]
Wally Moon[e]
Willie Mays**[c]
Del Crandall
Harvey Haddix

1961

Bill White
Bill Mazeroski
Ken Boyer
Maury Wills
Vada Pinson
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Johnny Roseboro
Bobby Shantz

1962

Bill White
Ken Hubbs
Jim Davenport
Maury Wills
Bill Virdon
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Del Crandall
Bobby Shantz

1963

Bill White
Bill Mazeroski
Ken Boyer
Bobby Wine
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Johnny Edwards
Bobby Shantz

1964

Bill White
Bill Mazeroski
Ron Santo
Rubén Amaro Sr.
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Johnny Edwards
Bobby Shantz

1965

Bill White
Bill Mazeroski
Ron Santo
Leo Cárdenas
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Joe Torre
Bob Gibson

1966

Bill White
Bill Mazeroski
Ron Santo
Gene Alley
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Johnny Roseboro
Bob Gibson

1967

Wes Parker
Bill Mazeroski
Ron Santo
Gene Alley
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Randy Hundley
Bob Gibson

1968

Wes Parker
Glenn Beckert
Ron Santo
Dal Maxvill
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Willie Mays**
Johnny Bench
Bob Gibson

1969

Wes Parker
Félix Millán
Clete Boyer
Don Kessinger
Curt Flood
Roberto Clemente**
Pete Rose
Johnny Bench
Bob Gibson

1970

Wes Parker
Tommy Helms
Doug Rader
Don Kessinger
Tommie Agee
Roberto Clemente**
Pete Rose
Johnny Bench
Bob Gibson

1971

Wes Parker
Tommy Helms
Doug Rader
Bud Harrelson
Willie Davis
Roberto Clemente**
Bobby Bonds
Johnny Bench
Bob Gibson

1972

Wes Parker
Félix Millán
Doug Rader
Larry Bowa
Willie Davis
Roberto Clemente**
César Cedeño
Johnny Bench
Bob Gibson

1973

Mike Jorgensen
Joe Morgan
Doug Rader
Roger Metzger
Willie Davis
Bobby Bonds
César Cedeño
Johnny Bench
Bob Gibson

1974

Steve Garvey
Joe Morgan
Doug Rader
Dave Concepción
César Gerónimo
Bobby Bonds
César Cedeño
Johnny Bench
Andy Messersmith

1975

Steve Garvey
Joe Morgan
Ken Reitz
Dave Concepción
César Gerónimo
Garry Maddox
César Cedeño
Johnny Bench
Andy Messersmith

1976

Steve Garvey
Joe Morgan
Mike Schmidt
Dave Concepción
César Gerónimo
Garry Maddox
César Cedeño
Johnny Bench
Jim Kaat

1977

Steve Garvey
Joe Morgan
Mike Schmidt
Dave Concepción
César Gerónimo
Garry Maddox
Dave Parker
Johnny Bench
Jim Kaat

1978

Keith Hernandez*
Davey Lopes
Mike Schmidt
Larry Bowa
Ellis Valentine
Garry Maddox
Dave Parker
Bob Boone
Phil Niekro

1979

Keith Hernandez*
Manny Trillo
Mike Schmidt
Dave Concepción
Dave Winfield
Garry Maddox
Dave Parker
Bob Boone
Phil Niekro

1980

Keith Hernandez*
Doug Flynn
Mike Schmidt
Ozzie Smith*
Dave Winfield
Garry Maddox
Andre Dawson
Gary Carter
Phil Niekro

1981

Keith Hernandez*
Manny Trillo
Mike Schmidt
Ozzie Smith*
Dusty Baker
Garry Maddox
Andre Dawson
Gary Carter
Steve Carlton

1982

Keith Hernandez*
Manny Trillo
Mike Schmidt
Ozzie Smith*
Dale Murphy
Garry Maddox
Andre Dawson
Gary Carter
Phil Niekro

1983

Keith Hernandez*
Ryne Sandberg
Mike Schmidt
Ozzie Smith*
Dale Murphy
Willie McGee
Andre Dawson
Tony Peña
Phil Niekro

1984

Keith Hernandez*
Ryne Sandberg
Mike Schmidt
Ozzie Smith*
Dale Murphy
Bob Dernier
Andre Dawson
Tony Peña
Joaquín Andújar

1985

Keith Hernandez*
Ryne Sandberg
Tim Wallach
Ozzie Smith*
Dale Murphy
Willie McGee
Andre Dawson
Tony Peña
Rick Reuschel

1986

Keith Hernandez*
Ryne Sandberg
Mike Schmidt
Ozzie Smith*
Dale Murphy
Willie McGee
Tony Gwynn
Jody Davis
Fernando Valenzuela

1987

Keith Hernandez*
Ryne Sandberg
Terry Pendleton
Ozzie Smith*
Eric Davis
Andre Dawson
Tony Gwynn
Mike LaValliere
Rick Reuschel

1988

Keith Hernandez*
Ryne Sandberg
Tim Wallach
Ozzie Smith*
Eric Davis
Andre Dawson
Andy Van Slyke
Benito Santiago
Orel Hershiser

1989

Andrés Galarraga
Ryne Sandberg
Terry Pendleton
Ozzie Smith*
Eric Davis
Tony Gwynn
Andy Van Slyke
Benito Santiago
Ron Darling

1990

Andrés Galarraga
Ryne Sandberg
Tim Wallach
Ozzie Smith*
Barry Bonds
Tony Gwynn
Andy Van Slyke
Benito Santiago
Greg Maddux*

1991

Will Clark
Ryne Sandberg
Matt Williams
Ozzie Smith*
Barry Bonds
Tony Gwynn
Andy Van Slyke
Tom Pagnozzi
Greg Maddux*

1992

Mark Grace
José Lind
Terry Pendleton
Ozzie Smith*
Barry Bonds
Larry Walker
Andy Van Slyke
Tom Pagnozzi
Greg Maddux*

1993

Mark Grace
Robby Thompson
Matt Williams
Jay Bell
Barry Bonds
Larry Walker
Marquis Grissom
Kirt Manwaring
Greg Maddux*

1994

Jeff Bagwell
Craig Biggio
Matt Williams
Barry Larkin
Barry Bonds
Darren Lewis
Marquis Grissom
Tom Pagnozzi
Greg Maddux*

1995

Mark Grace
Craig Biggio
Ken Caminiti
Barry Larkin
Raúl Mondesí
Steve Finley
Marquis Grissom
Charles Johnson
Greg Maddux*

1996

Mark Grace
Craig Biggio
Ken Caminiti
Barry Larkin
Barry Bonds
Steve Finley
Marquis Grissom
Charles Johnson
Greg Maddux*

1997

J. T. Snow
Craig Biggio
Ken Caminiti
Rey Ordóñez
Barry Bonds
Larry Walker
Raúl Mondesí
Charles Johnson
Greg Maddux*

1998

J. T. Snow
Bret Boone
Scott Rolen
Rey Ordóñez
Barry Bonds
Larry Walker
Andruw Jones
Charles Johnson
Greg Maddux*

1999

J. T. Snow
Pokey Reese
Robin Ventura
Rey Ordóñez
Steve Finley
Larry Walker
Andruw Jones
Mike Lieberthal
Greg Maddux*

2000

J. T. Snow
Pokey Reese
Scott Rolen
Neifi Pérez
Steve Finley
Jim Edmonds
Andruw Jones
Mike Matheny
Greg Maddux*

2001

Todd Helton
Fernando Viña
Scott Rolen
Orlando Cabrera
Larry Walker
Jim Edmonds
Andruw Jones
Brad Ausmus
Greg Maddux*

2002

Todd Helton
Fernando Viña
Scott Rolen
Édgar Rentería
Larry Walker
Jim Edmonds
Andruw Jones
Brad Ausmus
Greg Maddux*

2003

Derrek Lee
Luis Castillo
Scott Rolen
Édgar Rentería
José Cruz Jr.
Jim Edmonds
Andruw Jones
Mike Matheny
Mike Hampton

2004

Todd Helton
Luis Castillo
Scott Rolen
César Izturis
Steve Finley
Jim Edmonds
Andruw Jones
Mike Matheny
Greg Maddux*

2005

Derrek Lee
Luis Castillo
Mike Lowell
Omar Vizquel
Bobby Abreu
Jim Edmonds
Andruw Jones
Mike Matheny
Greg Maddux*

2006

Albert Pujols
Orlando Hudson
Scott Rolen
Omar Vizquel
Mike Cameron
Carlos Beltrán
Andruw Jones
Brad Ausmus
Greg Maddux*

2007

Derrek Lee
Orlando Hudson
David Wright
Jimmy Rollins
Aaron Rowand &Jeff Francoeur
Carlos Beltrán
Andruw Jones
Russell Martin
Greg Maddux*

2008

Adrian Gonzalez
Brandon Phillips
David Wright
Jimmy Rollins
Nate McLouth
Carlos Beltrán
Shane Victorino
Yadier Molina
Greg Maddux*

2009

Adrian Gonzalez
Orlando Hudson
Ryan Zimmerman
Jimmy Rollins
Michael Bourn
Matt Kemp
Shane Victorino
Yadier Molina
Adam Wainwright

2010

Albert Pujols
Brandon Phillips
Scott Rolen
Troy Tulowitzki
Michael Bourn
Carlos González
Shane Victorino
Yadier Molina
Bronson Arroyo

2011

Joey Votto
Brandon Phillips
Plácido Polanco
Troy Tulowitzki
Gerardo Parra[e]
Matt Kemp[c]
Andre Ethier[d]
Yadier Molina
Clayton Kershaw

2012

Adam LaRoche
Darwin Barney
Chase Headley
Jimmy Rollins
Carlos González[e]
Andrew McCutchen[c]
Jason Heyward[d]
Yadier Molina
Mark Buehrle

2013

Paul Goldschmidt
Brandon Phillips
Nolan Arenado
Andrelton Simmons
Carlos González[e]
Carlos Gómez[c]
Gerardo Parra[d]
Yadier Molina
Adam Wainwright

2014

Adrian Gonzalez
DJ LeMahieu
Nolan Arenado
Andrelton Simmons
Christian Yelich[e]
Juan Lagares[c]
Jason Heyward[d]
Yadier Molina
Zack Greinke

2015

Paul Goldschmidt
Dee Gordon
Nolan Arenado
Brandon Crawford
Starling Marte[e]
A. J. Pollock[c]
Jason Heyward[d]
Yadier Molina
Zack Greinke

2016

Anthony Rizzo
Joe Panik
Nolan Arenado
Brandon Crawford
Starling Marte[e]
Ender Inciarte[c]
Jason Heyward[d]
Buster Posey
Zack Greinke

2017

Paul Goldschmidt
DJ LeMahieu
Nolan Arenado
Brandon Crawford
Marcell Ozuna[e]
Ender Inciarte[c]
Jason Heyward[d]
Tucker Barnhart
Zack Greinke

text:
Gold Glove winners in the National Pro Fastpitch league, listed by position

Year

1B

2B

3B

SS

OF

OF

OF

C

P

2016

AJ Andrews

2017

Chelsea Goodacre

text: All-time Gold Glove Team[edit]

text: On February 20, 2007, Major League Baseball and Rawlings announced that an all-time Gold Glove Team would be named during the 50th anniversary of the first Gold Glove Awards.[49] Rawlings asked 70 baseball reporters, former players and former managers to select 50 names for the ballot, from an initial selection of 250 names.[50] The team was selected by fans, who voted at the Rawlings Gold Glove website, at United States Postal Service offices, and at sporting goods stores. The results were announced at the 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.[51]

text:
All-time Gold Glove Team members by position

First base

Wes Parker

Second base

Joe Morgan

Third base

Brooks Robinson*

Shortstop

Ozzie Smith*

Outfield

Willie Mays**

Roberto Clemente**

Ken Griffey Jr.

Catcher

Johnny Bench

Pitcher

Greg Maddux*

text: Teammates[edit]

text: Middle infield duos[edit]

text: In the history of the Gold Glove Award, there have been eleven double-play combinations, or pairs of middle infielders,[52] that have won awards in the same year. Shortstops and second basemen depend upon each other for the majority of double plays. The most common type of double play occurs with a runner on first base and a ground ball hit towards the middle of the infield. The player fielding the ball (generally the shortstop or second baseman) throws to the fielder covering second base, who steps on the base before the runner from first arrives to force that runner out, and then throws the ball to the first baseman to force out the batter for the second out.[53] Mark Belanger won four Gold Gloves with the Baltimore Orioles alongside winning partner Bobby Grich, and Joe Morgan paired with Dave Concepción for four combination wins with the Cincinnati Reds. The most recent teammates to accomplish the feat are Brandon Crawford and Joe Panik, who won with the San Francisco Giants in 2016.

text:
Double-play combinations to win Gold Gloves for the same team in the same season

Shortstop

Second baseman

Team

Times won

Years

Ref(s)

Luis Aparicio

Nellie Fox

Chicago White Sox
2
1959–1960
[54][55]

Gene Alley

Bill Mazeroski

Pittsburgh Pirates
2
1966–1967
[56][57]

Jim Fregosi

Bobby Knoop

California Angels
1
1967
[58]

Mark Belanger

Davey Johnson

Baltimore Orioles
2
1969, 1971
[59][60]

Mark Belanger

Bobby Grich

Baltimore Orioles
4
1973–1976
[61][62][63][64]

Dave Concepción

Joe Morgan

Cincinnati Reds
4
1974–1977
[65][66][67][68]

Alan Trammell

Lou Whitaker

Detroit Tigers
2
1983–1984
[69][70]

Omar Vizquel

Roberto Alomar*

Cleveland Indians
3
1999–2001
[71][72][73]

Édgar Rentería

Fernando Viña

St. Louis Cardinals
1
2002
[74]

Derek Jeter

Robinson Canó

New York Yankees
1
2010
[75]

Brandon Crawford

Joe Panik

San Francisco Giants
1
2016
[76]

text: Batteries[edit]

text: Since 1957, there have been five Gold Glove batteries. The pitcher and catcher, collectively known as the battery, are the only two players on the field involved in every pitch. In particular, the pitcher and catcher control the running game with tools such as pickoffs or the strength of the catcher's throwing arm.[77] The first pitcher and catcher on the same team to win Gold Gloves in the same year were Jim Kaat and Earl Battey, with the Minnesota Twins in 1962. Only two pairs of batterymates have won Gold Gloves together more than once: Iván Rodríguez and Kenny Rogers won with the Texas Rangers in 2000, and again with the Detroit Tigers in 2004 and 2006. Yadier Molina and Adam Wainwright matched the feat, winning in both 2009 and 2013.

text:
Batterymates to win Gold Gloves for the same team in the same season

Pitcher

Catcher

Teams

Times won

Year

Ref

Jim Kaat

Earl Battey

Minnesota Twins
1
1962
[78]

Rick Reuschel

Tony Peña

Pittsburgh Pirates
1
1985
[79]

Bret Saberhagen

Bob Boone

Kansas City Royals
1
1989
[80]

Kenny Rogers

Iván Rodríguez*

Texas Rangers
3
2000
[81]

Detroit Tigers
2004, 2006
[82]

Adam Wainwright

Yadier Molina

St. Louis Cardinals
2
2009, 2013
[83][84]

text: Platinum Glove Award[edit]

text: In 2011, Rawlings added an annual Platinum Glove Award awarded to the best defensive player in each league as voted by fans.[85]

text:
Year

American League

National League

Player

Team

Position

Player

Team

Position

2011

Adrián Beltré

Texas Rangers

3B

Yadier Molina

St. Louis Cardinals

C

2012

Adrián Beltré (2)

Texas Rangers

3B

Yadier Molina (2)

St. Louis Cardinals

C

2013

Manny Machado

Baltimore Orioles

3B

Andrelton Simmons

Atlanta Braves

SS

2014

Alex Gordon

Kansas City Royals

LF

Yadier Molina (3)

St. Louis Cardinals

C

2015

Kevin Kiermaier

Tampa Bay Rays

CF

Yadier Molina (4)

St. Louis Cardinals

C

2016

Francisco Lindor

Cleveland Indians

SS

Anthony Rizzo

Chicago Cubs

1B

2017

Byron Buxton

Minnesota Twins

CF

Nolan Arenado

Colorado Rockies

3B

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ From 1957 to 1960, and since 2011, individual awards were specified for left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. From 1961 to 2010, the prize was presented to three outfielders irrespective of their specific position.

^ Jump up to: a b In 1957, Gold Gloves were given to the top fielders in Major League Baseball, instead of separate awards for the National and American Leagues; therefore, the winners are the same in each table.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Won as a center fielder

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Won as a right fielder

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Won as a left fielder

tag: ol


document_title: List of Liverpool F.C. records and statistics

question_text: most goals scored in a season by a liverpool player

root

text: Honours[edit]

text: Liverpool have won honours both domestically and in European cup competitions.[1] They have won the English League Championship 18 times and the League Cup a record eight times. In their first season, 1892–93, they won the Lancashire League title and the Liverpool District Cup,[2] and their most recent success came in 2012,[3] when they won the League Cup for the eighth time.[4]

tag: p

text:
Liverpool F.C. honours

Honour
No.
Years

Football League First Division
18
1900–01, 1905–06, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1946–47, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90

Football League Second Division
4
1893–94, 1895–96, 1904–05, 1961–62

Lancashire League
1
1892–93

FA Cup
7
1965, 1974, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2006

League Cup
8
1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2012

FA Community/Charity Shield
15
1964*, 1965*, 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977*, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986*, 1988, 1989, 1990*, 2001, 2006 (* shared)

Sheriff of London Charity Shield
1
1906

Football League Super Cup
1
1985-86

European Cup/UEFA Champions League
5
1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005

UEFA Cup
3
1973, 1976, 2001

UEFA Super Cup
3
1977, 2001, 2005

tag: table

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most appearances in all competitions: Ian Callaghan, 857.[5]
Most league appearances: Ian Callaghan, 640.[5]
Most FA Cup appearances: Ian Callaghan, 79.[5]
Most League Cup appearances: Ian Rush, 78.[5]
Most Continental appearances: Jamie Carragher, 150.[5][6]
Youngest first-team player: Jerome Sinclair, 16 years and 6 days (against West Bromwich Albion, 26 September 2012).[5]
Oldest first-team player: Ned Doig, 41 years and 165 days (against Newcastle United, 11 April 1908).[5]
Oldest debutant: Ned Doig, 37 years and 307 days (against Burton United, 1 September 1904).[5]
Most consecutive appearances: Phil Neal, 417 (from 23 October 1976 to 24 September 1983).[5]
Most seasons playing every minute of every league and cup game: Phil Neal, 9 (from 1976–77 to 1983–84).[5]
Longest-serving player: Elisha Scott, 21 years and 52 days (from 1913 to 1934).[5]

tag: ul

text: Most appearances[edit]

text: Competitive, professional matches only, appearances as substitute in brackets.[7][8]

text:
Players with most appearances for Liverpool F.C.

No.
Name
Years
League[C]
FA Cup
League Cup
Other[D]
Total

1
Callaghan, IanIan Callaghan
1960–1978
640 !640 (4)
79 !79 (2)
42 !42 (7)
96 !96 (1)
857 !857 (14)

2
Carragher, JamieJamie Carragher
1996–2013
508 !508 (24)
40 !40 (1)
35 !35 (7)
152 !152 (3)
737 !737 (35)

3
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
1998–2015
504 !504 (39)
42 !42 (5)
30 !30 (5)
134 !134 (14)
710 !710 (63)

4
Clemence, RayRay Clemence
1967–1981
470 !470 (0)
54 !54 (0)
55 !55 (0)
86 !86 (0)
665 !665  (0)

Hughes, EmlynEmlyn Hughes
1967–1979
474 !474 (0)
62 !62 (0)
46 !46 (0)
83 !83 (0)
665 !665  (0)

6
Rush, IanIan Rush
1980–1987
1988–1996
469 !469 (22)
61 !61 (5)
78 !78 (0)
45 !45 (3)
660 !660 (30)

7
Neal, PhilPhil Neal
1974–1985
455 !455 (2)
45 !45 (0)
66 !66 (0)
81 !81 (0)
650 !650  (2)

8
Smith, TommyTommy Smith
1962–1978
467 !467 (0)
52 !52 (0)
30 !30 (0)
89 !89 (1)
638 !638  (1)

9
Grobbelaar, BruceBruce Grobbelaar
1980–1994
440 !440 (0)
62 !62 (0)
70 !70 (0)
46 !46 (0)
628 !628  (0)

10
Hansen, AlanAlan Hansen
1977–1991
434 !434 (0)
58 !58 (1)
68 !68 (0)
53 !53 (1)
620 !620  (2)

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text:
Most goals in all competitions: Ian Rush, 346.[9]
Most league goals: Roger Hunt, 245.[9]
Most FA Cup goals: Ian Rush, 39.[9]
Most League Cup goals: Ian Rush, 48.[9]
Most Continental goals: Steven Gerrard, 41.[9]
Most goals in a season: Ian Rush, 47 (during the 1983–84 season).[10]
Most goals in a debut season: Mohamed Salah, 44 (during the 2017–18 season).[11]
Most league goals in a season: Roger Hunt, 41 (during the 1961–62 season).[12]
Most goals in a season by a Liverpool player in the Premier League era: Mohamed Salah, 44 (during the 2017–18 season).[13]
Most top-flight league goals in a season: 32 goals, Mohamed Salah, 2017–18 and Ian Rush, 1983–84.
Most continental goals in a season: Mohamed Salah and Roberto Firmino, 11 (during the 2017–18 season).[14]
Most hat-tricks in a season: Roger Hunt, 5 (during the 1961–62 season).[9]
Most games scored in a single campaign: Mohamed Salah, 34 (during the 2017–18 Premier League season).
Most goals in a season by a Liverpool player in history of Premier League: Mohamed Salah, 32 (during the 2017–18 season).[15]
Most hat-tricks: Gordon Hodgson, 17.[9]
Fastest hat-trick: Robbie Fowler, 4 minutes, 33 seconds, (against Arsenal, 28 August 1994).[9]
Highest-scoring substitute: David Fairclough, 18.[9]
Most penalties scored: Steven Gerrard, 47.[9]
Most games without scoring for an outfield player: Ephraim Longworth, 371.[9]
Youngest goalscorer: Ben Woodburn, 17 years, 45 days (against Leeds United, 29 November 2016).[9][16][17]
Oldest goalscorer: Billy Liddell, 38 years, 55 days (against Stoke City, 5 March 1960).[9]

text: Top goalscorers[edit]

text: Competitive, professional matches only. Matches played (including as substitute) appear in brackets.[18][19]

text:
Top goalscorers for Liverpool F.C.

No.
Name
Years
League[C]
FA Cup
League Cup
Other[D]
Total

1
Rush, IanIan Rush
1980–1987
1988–1996
229 !229 (469)
39 !39 (61)
48 !48 (78)
23 !23 (45)
346 !346 (660)

2
Hunt, RogerRoger Hunt
1958–1969
245 !245 (404)
18 !18 (44)
05 !5 (10)
18 !18 (34)
286 !286 (492)

3
Hodgson, GordonGordon Hodgson
1925–1936
233 !233 (358)
08 !8 (19)
00 !0 (0)
00 !0 (0)
241 !241 (377)

4
Liddell, BillyBilly Liddell
1938–1961
215 !215 (492)
13 !13 (42)
00 !0 (0)
00 !0 (0)
228 !228 (534)

5
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
1998–2015
120 (503)
15 !15 (40)
9 !9 (28)
42 !42(132)
186 !186 (710)

6
Fowler, RobbieRobbie Fowler
1993–2001
2006–2007
128 !128 (266)
12 !12 (24)
29 !29 (35)
14 !14 (44)
183 !183 (369)

7
Dalglish, KennyKenny Dalglish
1977–1990
118 !118 (355)
13 !13 (37)
27 !27 (59)
12 !12 (58)
172 !172 (515)

8
Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
1996–2004
118 !118 (216)
08 !8 (15)
09 !9 (14)
23 !23 (52)
158 !158 (297)

9
Chambers, HarryHarry Chambers
1915–1928
135 !135 (315)
16 !16 (28)
00 !0 (0)
00 !0 (1)
151 !151 (339)

10
Parkinson, JackJack Parkinson
1903–1914
125 !125 (200)
05 !5 (19)
00 !0 (0)
00 !0 (1)
130 !130 (220)

text: International[edit]

text:
First capped player: Frank Becton, for England on 29 March 1897.[20]
Most international caps while a Liverpool player: Steven Gerrard, 114 for England.[21]
Most international goals while a Liverpool player:[21]

Michael Owen, 26 for England.
Ian Rush, 26 for Wales.

text: World Cup[edit]

text:
First Liverpool player to appear at a World Cup: Laurie Hughes for England, at 1950 FIFA World Cup.[22]
Most World Cup appearances while a Liverpool player: Steven Gerrard, 12 for England in 2006, 2010 and 2014.[21]
Most World Cup goals while a Liverpool player: Michael Owen, 4 for England in 1998 and 2002.[21]
First World Cup winners: Roger Hunt, Ian Callaghan and Gerry Byrne, in 1966 with England.[21]
First non-British player to appear in a World Cup final: Dietmar Hamann, Germany, in 2002.[21]
First non-British World Cup winners: Fernando Torres and Pepe Reina, Spain in 2010.[22]

text: Transfers[edit]

text: For consistency, fees in the record transfer tables below are all sourced from BBC Sport's contemporary reports of each transfer.

text: Record transfer fees paid[edit]

text:
Record transfer fees paid by Liverpool F.C.

For
Fee
Paid to
Date
Ref

van Dijk, VirgilVirgil van Dijk
£75m
Southampton F.C
000000002018-01-01-00001 January 2018
[23]

Keïta, NabyNaby Keïta
£48m
RB Leipzig
000000002018-07-01-00001 July 2018
[24]

Fabinho
£39m
AS Monaco
000000002018-05-28-000028 May 2018
[25]

Salah, MohamedMohamed Salah
£36.9m
A.S. Roma
000000002017-06-23-000023 June 2017
[26]

Carroll, AndyAndy Carroll
£35m
Newcastle United
000000002011-01-31-000031 January 2011
[27]

Oxlade-Chamberlain, Alex Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain
£35m
Arsenal F.C.
000000002017-08-31-000031 August 2017
[28]

text: Record transfer fees received[edit]

text:
Record transfer fees received by Liverpool F.C.

For
Fee
Received from
Date
Ref

Coutinho, PhilippePhilippe Coutinho
£142m
Barcelona
000000002018-01-06-00006 January 2018
[29]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
£75m
Barcelona
000000002014-07-11-000011 July 2014
[30]

Torres, FernandoFernando Torres
£50m
Chelsea
000000002011-01-31-000031 January 2011
[31]

Sterling, RaheemRaheem Sterling
£49m
Manchester City
000000002015-07-14-000014 July 2015
[32]

Alonso, XabiXabi Alonso
£30m
Real Madrid
000000002009-08-05-00005 August 2009
[33]

Benteke, ChristianChristian Benteke
£27m
Crystal Palace
000000002016-08-20-000020 August 2016
[34]

text: Managerial records[edit]

text:
First managers: William Edward Barclay and John McKenna, from 15 February 1892 to 16 August 1896.[35]
Longest-serving manager by time: Tom Watson, from 17 August 1896 to 6 May 1915 (18 years, 262 days).[5]
Longest-serving manager by matches: Bill Shankly managed the club for 783 matches over a period of 14 years and seven months, from December 1959 to July 1974.[5]

text: Club records[edit]

text: Matches[edit]

text: Firsts[edit]

text:
First match: Liverpool 7–1 Rotherham Town, a friendly match, 1 September 1892.[36]
First Lancashire League match: Liverpool 8–0 Higher Walton, 3 September 1892.[36]
First Football League match: Liverpool 2–0 Middlesbrough Ironopolis, Second Division, 2 September 1893.[36]
First FA Cup match: Liverpool 4–0 Nantwich Town, first qualifying round, 15 October 1892.[36]
First League Cup match: Liverpool 1–1 Luton Town, second round, 19 October 1960.[36]
First European match: Liverpool 5–0 KR Reykjavik, European Cup, first round, 17 August 1964.[36]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Record win: 11–0 against Strømsgodset in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 17 September 1974.[36]
Record league win: 10–1 against Rotherham Town in Second Division, 18 February 1896.[36]
Record FA Cup win: 9–0 against Newtown in second qualifying round, 29 October 1892.[36]
Record League Cup win: 10–0 against Fulham in second round, first-leg, 23 September 1986.[36]
Most league wins in a season: 30 wins from 42 games (during the 1978–79 season).[36]
Fewest league wins in a season: 7 wins from 30 games (during the 1894–95 season).[36]

text: Defeats[edit]

text:
Record defeat: 1–9 against Birmingham City FC in Second Division, 11 December 1954.[36]
Record defeat at Anfield: 0–6 against Sunderland in First Division, 19 April 1930.[36]
Record-scoring defeat: 2–9 against Newcastle United in First Division, 1 January 1934.[36]
Record FA Cup defeat: 0–5 against Bolton Wanderers in fourth round, first-leg, 26 January 1946.[36]
Record League Cup defeat: 3–6 against Arsenal in fifth round, 9 January 2007.[36]
Most league defeats in a season: 23 defeats from 42 games (during the 1953–54 season).[36]
Fewest defeats in a season: Unbeaten during the 28-game 1893–94 season.[36]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most league goals scored in a season: 106 in 30 games (during the 1895–96 season, Second Division).[9]
Most Top flight goals scored in a season: 101 in 38 games (during the 2013–14 season, Premier League).[9]
Fewest league goals scored in a season: 42 in 34 and 42 games (during the 1901–02 and 1970–71 seasons, First Division).[9]
Most league goals conceded in a season: 97 in 42 games (during the 1953–54 season, First Division).[9]
Fewest league goals conceded in a season: 16 in 42 games (during the 1978–79 season, First Division).[9]

text: Points[edit]

text: Most points in a season:

text: Fewest points in a season:

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest league attendance: 58,757 (against Chelsea, First Division in the 1949–50 season).[39]
Highest League Cup attendance: 50,880 (against Nottingham Forest, in the 1979–80 season).[39]
Highest European attendance: 55,104 (against Barcelona, in the 1975–76 season).[39]
Record lowest attendance: 1,000 (against Loughborough, Second Division in the 1895–96 season).[39][F]
Lowest FA Cup attendance: 4,000 (against Newtown, in the 1892–93 season).[39]
Lowest League Cup attendance: 9,902 (against Brentford in the 1983–84 season).[39]
Lowest European attendance: 12,021 (against Dundalk in the 1982–83 season).[39]

text: Liverpool recorded a 95,446 attendance against Melbourne Victory in a pre-season friendly in July 2013 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australia.[40]

text: European statistics[edit]

text: Footnotes[edit]

text: A. ^ Between 1949 and 1993 the Community Shield was usually shared if the game was drawn.

text: B. ^ Ever-present refers to the player playing every minute of every match in the league and cup competitions.

text: C. a b Includes the Football League and the Premier League.

text: D. a b The "Other" column includes goals and appearances (including those as a substitute) in UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, UEFA Cup Winners Cup, UEFA Super Cup, Charity Shield and Intercontinental Cup matches.

text: E. ^ Attendance against Wolves also represents the record highest FA Cup attendance.

text: F. ^ Attendance against Loughborough also represents the record lowest league attendance.


document_title: Matball

question_text: how many outs are there in mat ball

question_tokens: how many outs are there in mat ball

text: Matball

text: Matball, known in some areas as Big Base,[1], is a sport, usually played indoors but also sometimes outdoors,[2] played in schools throughout the United States. Matball is a safe haven game (sometimes termed a bat-and-ball game, despite the lack of a bat) similar to kickball, but with the key difference that bases are larger, often gym mats (giving the names "matball" and "big base"), and multiple runners can be on each base.

text: Object[edit]

text: The object of Matball is similar to kickball in which there are two opposing teams, each trying to score by kicking the ball and then running the bases (represented by mats)  successfully. The team with the most runs scored is the declared the winner.[3]

text: Rules[edit]

text: Although rule details vary from site to site, and even from game to game, there are a few standard rules.

text: The game is very similar to kickball, with one team kicking (sometimes called "batting" despite the lack of bats) and the other team fielding. The primary difference is that, rather than small bases intended for a single runner per base, large bases that can accommodate multiple runners are used, giving the game its names, "big base" or "matball" (when played indoors, in a gym, mats are often used for the bases). As a result of allowing multiple runners, usually unlimited, per base, there are usually no force-outs,[2] although some variants limit the number of runners per base and allow force-outs. In some cases, a kicking team is retired after a set number of outs (often three or five),[4] but in other cases outs are not counted, and play continues until all members of the kicking team have kicked, ensuring that everyone gets to participate. The number of innings varies, often changing even from game to game, to fit the game to an allotted time;[5] when outs are not counted each inning is longer, and so fewer innings are played.

text: As in kickball, a ball is put in play when the pitcher rolls it to home base and the kicker kicks it into the designated field of play. The kicker must then run to at least first base.[4] In most cases, when a player steps off a mat, sometimes just with one foot, that player must continue to the next base,[2] though an exception is often made for an incoming runner whose momentum carries them a step or two beyond the base.[4] Outs occur when a pop-fly is caught, the ball beats the runner to first base on the initial kick, a runner is touched by the ball while not on base, or runners do not tag-up after a pop-fly is caught.

text: Because there is no standard field of play, rules about fair and foul balls and home runs vary widely. Common variants include the following:

text:
A ball kicked behind home plate is a foul.
A ball that hits the gym ceiling before travelling a certain distance forward is often a foul or an automatic out.[2]
Gym doors in front of home plate (in the fielding area) are sometimes left open, and a ball travelling through the doors may continue to be live, forcing the fielding team to retrieve it, or such a ball may be designated a home run.
Hitting certain parts of the gym, such as balconies or upper levels, may be designated a home run.
Hitting certain elements of the gym, such as a scoreboard or basketball backboard, may be designated a home run. In some cases a basketball backboard is in play, and only balls passing through the basket result in home runs.
To avoid damage, hitting certain elements of the gym, such as a scoreboard, may be designated as an automatic out.

text: Common variants include the following:

text:
The pitcher may be a member of the kicking team rather than the fielding team, to ensure easy pitches to put the ball into play.
Scoring a run often requires passing home base and safely reaching first base, or even making two full base circuits.[2]
In such games, home base is often not a safe haven, and runners must tag home base and continue immediately to first base.
When two full circuits are required, runners passing home base are often required to grab a flag or rag, to make it clear which base runners are on their first circuit and which are on their second.[2]
Some schools use four bases in a square or rectangle, rather than the traditional softball diamond, with the kicker standing between the first and fourth bases.
Instead of a catch counting as an out, it is sometimes counted as a point against the kicking team's score, decreasing the score by however many pop-fly catches are made.
Instead of a home run, kicks to designated areas or beyond the field of play may result in one point for the kicking team and the advancement of all on-base runners to third base.
Forward kicks that fail to travel a certain distance may be designated foul, to eliminate the need for a catcher and remove the option of bunting.
Schools might also implement the rule of "No-catch outs", meaning a ball is not out if it's caught
Runners may be allowed to travel clockwise or counterclockwise. However, once a runner starts they must continue in the same direction.
Runners must reverse direction after touching home plate. Scoring requires a runner to touch all the bases going counterclockwise and then clockwise back to home base.
Obstacles may be placed in the base paths.[2]
Runners might be required to complete a certain activity at each base, such as a specific exercise, before they can resume running.[2]
As each kicker puts the ball in play, a second player also begins a base run.[2]
You can bunt a kicked ball like in volleyball until a certain defensive player (sometimes called an all-star) catches it. If the ball happens to touch the ground, the ball is still live.


document_title: Name of the Czech Republic

question_text: what is the new name of the czech republic

text: Name of the Czech Republic

text: Czech-language name[edit]

text: The country is named after the Czechs (Czech: Čechové), a Slavic tribe residing in central Bohemia that subdued the surrounding tribes in the late 9th century and created the Czech/Bohemian state. The origin of the name of the tribe itself is unknown. According to legend, it comes from their leader Čech, who brought them to Bohemia. Research regards Čech as a derivative of the root čel- (member of the people, kinsman).[12]

text: Several variants of the name have been used over the centuries, due to the evolution of the Czech language. The digraph "cž" was used from the time of the 16th-century Bible of Kralice until the reform of 1842, being eventually replaced by "č" (changing Cžechy to Čechy). In the late 19th century the suffix for the names of countries changed from -y to -sko (e.g. Rakousy-Rakousko for Austria, Uhry-Uhersko for Hungary). While the notion of Česko appears for the first time in 1704, it only came into official use in 1918 as the first part of the name of the newly independent Czechoslovakia (Česko-Slovensko or Československo) . Within that state, the Czech Socialist Republic (Česká socialistická republika, ČSR)[9] was created on 1 January 1969.[13] On 6 March 1990 the Czech Socialist Republic was renamed the Czech Republic (Česká republika, ČR).[6] When Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993, the Czech part of the name was intended to serve as the name of the Czech state. The decision started a dispute as many perceived the "new" word Česko, which before had been only rarely used alone, as harsh sounding or as a remnant of Československo.[14] The older term Čechy was rejected by many because it was primarily associated with Bohemia proper and to use it for the whole country was seen as inappropriate. This feeling was especially prominent among the inhabitants of Moravia.

text: The use of the word "Česko" within the country itself has increased in recent years.[15] During the 1990s, "Česko" was rarely used and viewed as controversial: some Czech politicians and public figures (e.g. media magnate Vladimír Železný) expressed concern about the non-use of Česko and Czechia; on the other side, individuals such as president Václav Havel and minister Alexandr Vondra have strongly opposed using these forms. In 1997, the Civic initiative Czechia was formed by linguists and geographers in Brno to promote the use of Czechia.[16] The following year, a conference of professionals aimed at encouraging the use of the name was held at Charles University in Prague. The Czech Senate held a session on the issue in 2004.[17][18] By 2018, the short name Česko was used by Czech public television 5.4 times more often than the political name Česká republika in news coverage.[19][20]

text: English-language name[edit]

text: The historical English name of the country is Bohemia. This name derives from the Celtic tribe of Boii, which inhabited the area from the 4th century BC. Boiohaemum, as it was originally known in Latin, comes from the Germanic "Boi-haima," meaning "home of the Boii." The name survived all the following migrations affecting the area, including the arrival of the Slavs and the creation of the Czech state. In the 9th century, the country became officially known as the Duchy of Bohemia, changing to the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 11th century, and the Crown of Bohemia in the 14th century. A number of other names for the country have been used, including Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Czech/Bohemian lands, Bohemian Crown, the lands of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas and others.[21][22] The Bohemian state included the three historical lands: Bohemia (Čechy) in narrower meaning, Moravia (Morava) and Silesia (Slezsko). From the 14th century until 1635 it also included Upper and Lower Lusatia. The higher hierarchical status of the Bohemian region led to that name being used for the larger country, with the people and language of this country being commonly referred to as Bohemian.

text: The current English ethnonym Czech comes from the Polish ethnonym associated with the area, which ultimately comes from the Czech word Čech. [23][24][25] The words "Czechian", "Czechish", "Czechic" and later "Czech" (using antiquated Czech spelling)[21] have been appearing in English-language texts since the 17th century. During the 19th century national revival, the word "Czech" had also been used to distinguish between the Czech and German speaking peoples living in the country. The term "Czechia" is attested as early as 1569 in Latin[21] and 1841 in English (Poselkynie starych Przjbiehuw Czeskych – Messenger of the old Fates of Czechia).[21][5] Other early uses occurred in 1856[26] and in an 1866 report on the Austro-Prussian War.[27]

text: Shortly before the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire and the proclamation of the new Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918, there were proposals to use the traditional name Bohemia for the newly formed state.[28] Out of consideration for Slovak national aspiration however, the new name "Czecho-Slovakia" (later "Czechoslovakia") was adopted instead.

text: Adoption of Czechia[edit]

text: In accordance with Resolution No. 4 I. of the UN conference on the standardization of geographic names (Geneva 1967) and Resolution No. 2 III. of the UN conference on the standardization of geographic names (Athens 1977), the Terminological Committee of the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping, and Cadaster in cooperation with the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs standardized Czechia as the English translation of Česko in early 1993.[29] Based on this standardization, the Czech Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Education, Youth and Sports recommended the use of the name Czechia.[30] Other names suggested in the 1990s included Czechomoravia or Czechlands.[31] However, by 2000 a short name had still not been fully adopted by Czech authorities. At that time, the British secretary for press and politics, Giles Portman, showed a willingness to accept the name Czechia. Portman said in 2000, "Czechs still use the name Česká republika rather than Česko, and the English equivalent, the Czech Republic, rather than Czechia. Were that pattern to change, we would have no problem at all with adapting accordingly. But we feel that the initiative for that change must come from the Czech side and not from us."[32]

text: In 2013, Czech president Miloš Zeman recommended the wider official use of Czechia,[33] and on 14 April 2016, the government agreed to make Czechia the official short name. The new name was approved by the Czech cabinet on 2 May 2016[34] and was published in the United Nations UNTERM and UNGEGN country name databases on 5 July 2016.[35] In September 2016, the British Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recommended the use of Czechia and added it as the sole form of the country name to their list of country names.[36] On 26 September 2016, the International Organization for Standardization included the short name Czechia in the official ISO 3166 country codes list.[37][38] Geographic and geolocation resources that have adopted Czechia include Google Maps (as of 18 January 2017) and Google Earth,[39] the Common Locale Data Repository[40] and the 2017 Oxford Atlas of the World. [41] Apple Inc. began using Czechia in system settings with iOS 11.

text: Czechia in newspapers and media[edit]

text: The first known usage of the word Czechia in English comes from the book by Henry and Thomas Rose ""A New General Biographical Dictionary Projected and Partly Arranged" from 1841[21][5]. Later 19th century uses can be found in 1856[26] and in an 1866 report about the Prussian-Austrian war in the Australian newspaper "The Mercury" from 23 July 1866.[27]

text: After the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the name Czechia appeared in English, alongside the official name, as a reference to all the Czech lands[42] and as a differentiation between the Czech and Slovak parts of the state. It was used at least as early as 4 January 1925; appearing in the article "Literary History of the Czechs", published by The New York Times.[43] The name was used in the Anglophone press before the German occupation of the Czech lands in 1939.[44][45][46][47]

text: In October 2016, three months after the UN recognition of Czechia, The Guardian reported that the new name was hardly in use, even on official Czech government websites.[48] On 22 May 2017, a Forbes contributor released an opinion blog stating that "Czechia has won the Czech Republic name debate" and that "If you’re feeling petulant, it's the Czech Republic. If you want to be cool, it's Czechia", referring to the significant progress that had been made for the shorter name in the preceding year.[49] On 1 June 2017, the geographical department of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University in Prague organised a special conference to assess the progress of the name Czechia.[50]

text: News media in the British Isles began using Czechia in late 2017 and early 2018, with The Independent,[51], The Times,[52][53] and the Daily Mail[54] changing in December 2017, the Financial Times in January 2018, [55][56] and The Guardian[57] and The Irish Times[58] in February 2018. Usage in news media outside the British Isles includes the Ottawa Citizen [59] (as of March 2018) and the Edmonton Journal[60] and the Buffalo News[61] (as of May 2018), Newsweek [62] The Spectator [63] (as of June 2018).

text: Czechia in business[edit]

text: Within the country, Škoda Auto[64] and the Pilsner Urquell brewery began using Czechia in 2017.

text: The US stock exchange Nasdaq started to use Czechia in June 2018.[65]

text: Other languages[edit]

text: The equivalent of the Czech short form "Česko" is in routine use by most other languages. In a few cases (for example Polish Czechy, Croatian Češka and Serbian Чешка/Češka) this form had historically been used for Bohemia. Other languages adopted new short-forms such as تشيكيا (Tšīk[i]yā) in Arabic. In most cases, the new form has more or less completely replaced the formal name for most usages. However, usage in Spanish and French remains mixed, with the forms Chequia and Tchéquie being used alongside the longer, formal name.

text: German[edit]

text: In German, the term applicable to the Czech part of Czechoslovakia used to be Tschechei (comparable to Slowakei, the German name for Slovakia). However, the usage of that term began to have negative connotations in connection with the National Socialists, who used the term Rest-Tschechei (remaining Czechia) when they annexed the western parts of Czechoslovakia in early 1939. Since the restoration of Czechoslovakia and after the Second World War, the term Tschechien is in use instead – as suggested by the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as German and Austrian linguists. Tschechien is a term from the 19th Century that was originally used for the Czech lands that were part of Austria-Hungary.[66] The Federal Foreign Office uses Tschechien on its official list of countries.[67]


document_title: Curved mirror

question_text: what effect does the curvature of a mirror

text: Curved mirror

text: Convex mirrors[edit]

text: A convex mirror, diverging mirror, or fish eye mirror[citation needed] is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges toward the light source.[1] Convex mirrors reflect light outwards, therefore they are not used to focus light.  Such mirrors always form a virtual image, since the focal point  (F) and the centre of curvature (2F) are both imaginary points "inside" the mirror, that cannot be reached. As a result, images formed by these mirrors cannot be projected on a screen, since the image is inside the mirror. The image is smaller than the object, but gets larger as the object approaches the mirror.

text: A collimated (parallel) beam of light diverges (spreads out) after reflection from a convex mirror, since the normal to the surface differs with each spot on the mirror.

text: Uses of convex mirror[edit]

text: The passenger-side mirror on a car is typically a convex mirror. In some countries, these are labeled with the safety warning "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear", to warn the driver of the convex mirror's distorting effects on distance perception. Convex mirrors are preferred in vehicles because they give an upright, though diminished, image and because they provide a wider field of view as they are curved outwards.

text: These mirrors are often found in the hallways of various buildings (commonly known as "hallway safety mirrors"), including hospitals, hotels, schools, stores, and apartment buildings. They are usually mounted on a wall or ceiling where hallways intersect each other, or where they make sharp turns. They are useful for people accessing the hallways, especially at locations having blind spots or where visibility may be limited.  They are also used on roads, driveways, and alleys to provide safety for motorists where there is a lack of visibility, especially at curves and turns.[2]

text:
Convex mirrors are used in some automated teller machines as a simple and handy security feature, allowing the users to see what is happening behind them. Similar devices are sold to be attached to ordinary computer monitors.
Convex mirrors make everything seem smaller but cover a larger area of surveillance.

text: Round convex mirrors called Oeil de Sorcière (French for "sorcerer's eye") were a popular luxury item from the 15th century onwards, shown in many depictions of interiors from that time.[3] With 15th century technology, it was easier to make a regular curved mirror (from blown glass) than a perfectly flat one.  They were also known as "bankers' eyes" due to the fact that their wide field of vision was useful for security.  Famous examples in art include the Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck and the left wing of the Werl Altarpiece by Robert Campin.[4]

text: Image[edit]

text: The image on a convex mirror is always virtual (rays haven't actually passed through the image; their extensions do, like in a regular mirror), diminished (smaller), and upright. As the object gets closer to the mirror, the image gets larger, until reaching approximately the size of the object, when it touches the mirror. As the object moves away, the image diminishes in size and gets gradually closer to the focus, until it is reduced to a point in the focus when the object is at an infinite distance. These features make convex mirrors very useful: since everything appears smaller in the mirror, they cover a wider field of view than a normal plane mirror does.

text:
Effect on image of object's position relative to mirror focal point (convex)

Object's position (S), focal point (F)

Image

Diagram

S
>
F
,

S
=
F
,

S
<
F

{\displaystyle S>F,\ S=F,\ S<F}

Virtual
Upright
Reduced (diminished/smaller)

text: Concave mirrors[edit]

text: A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that bulges inward (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one focal point.They are used to focus light.  Unlike convex mirrors, concave mirrors show different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror.

text: These mirrors are called "converging mirrors" because they tend to collect light that falls on them, refocusing parallel incoming rays toward a focus. This is because the light is reflected at different angles, since the normal to the surface differs with each spot on the mirror.

text: Uses[edit]

text: Concave mirrors are used in reflecting telescopes.[5] They are also used to provide a magnified image of the face for applying make-up or shaving.[6] In illumination applications, concave mirrors are used to gather light from a small source and direct it outward in a beam as in torches, headlamps and spotlights, or to collect light from a large area and focus it into a small spot, as in concentrated solar power. Concave mirrors are used to form optical cavities, which are important in laser construction. Some dental mirrors use a concave surface to provide a magnified image. The mirror landing aid system of modern aircraft carriers also uses a concave mirror.

text: Image[edit]

text:
Effect on image of object's position relative to mirror focal point (concave)

Object's position (S), focal point (F)

Image

Diagram

S
<
F

{\displaystyle S<F}

 (Object between focal point and mirror)

Virtual
Upright
Magnified (larger)

S
=
F

{\displaystyle S=F}

 (Object at focal point)

Reflected rays are parallel and never meet, so no image is formed.
In the limit where S approaches F, the image distance approaches infinity, and the image can be either real or virtual and either upright or inverted depending on whether S approaches F from above or below.

F
<
S
<
2
F

{\displaystyle F<S<2F}

(Object between focus and centre of curvature)

Real image
Inverted (vertically)
Magnified (larger)

S
=
2
F

{\displaystyle S=2F}

 (Object at centre of curvature)

Real image
Inverted (vertically)
Same size
Image formed at centre of curvature

S
>
2
F

{\displaystyle S>2F}

(Object beyond centre of curvature)

Real image
Inverted (vertically)
Reduced (diminished/smaller)
As the distance of the object increases, the image asymptotically approaches the focal point
In the limit where S approaches infinity, the image size approaches zero as the image approaches F

text: Mirror shape[edit]

text: Most curved mirrors have a spherical profile.[7] These are the simplest to make, and it is the best shape for general-purpose use. Spherical mirrors, however, suffer from spherical aberration—parallel rays reflected from such mirrors do not focus to a single point. For parallel rays, such as those coming from a very distant object, a parabolic reflector can do a better job. Such a mirror can focus incoming parallel rays to a much smaller spot than a spherical mirror can. A toroidal reflector is a form of parabolic reflector which has a different focal distance depending on the angle of the mirror.

text: Analysis[edit]

text: Mirror equation, magnification, and focal length[edit]

text:
The Gaussian mirror equation, also known as the mirror and lens equation, relates the object distance

d

o

{\displaystyle d_{\mathrm {o} }}

 and image distance

d

i

{\displaystyle d_{\mathrm {i} }}

 to the focal length

f

{\displaystyle f}

:[2]

text:
The sign convention used here is that the focal length is positive for concave mirrors and negative for convex ones, and

d

o

{\displaystyle d_{\mathrm {o} }}

 and

d

i

{\displaystyle d_{\mathrm {i} }}

 are positive when the object and image are in front of the mirror, respectively. (They are positive when the object or image is real.)[2]

text:
For convex mirrors, if one moves the

1

/

d

o

{\displaystyle 1/d_{\mathrm {o} }}

 term to the right side of the equation to solve for

1

/

d

i

{\displaystyle 1/d_{\mathrm {i} }}

, the result is always a negative number, meaning that the image distance is negative—the image is virtual, located "behind" the mirror. This is consistent with the behavior described above.

text:
For concave mirrors, whether the image is virtual or real depends on how large the object distance is compared to the focal length. If the

1

/

f

{\displaystyle 1/f}

 term is larger than the

1

/

d

o

{\displaystyle 1/d_{\mathrm {o} }}

 term,

1

/

d

i

{\displaystyle 1/d_{\mathrm {i} }}

 is positive and the image is real. Otherwise, the term is negative and the image is virtual. Again, this validates the behavior described above.

text: The magnification of a mirror is defined as the height of the image divided by the height of the object:

text: By convention, if the resulting magnification is positive, the image is upright. If the magnification is negative, the image is inverted (upside down).

text: Ray tracing[edit]

text: The image location and size can also be found by graphical ray tracing, as illustrated in the figures above.  A ray drawn from the top of the object to the surface vertex (where the optical axis meets the mirror) will form an angle with that axis. The reflected ray has the same angle to the axis, but is below it (See Specular reflection).

text: A second ray can be drawn from the top of the object passing through the focal point and reflecting off the mirror at a point somewhere below the optical axis. Such a ray will be reflected from the mirror as a ray parallel to the optical axis. The point at which the two rays described above meet is the image point corresponding to the top of the object. Its distance from the axis defines the height of the image, and its location along the axis is the image location. The mirror equation and magnification equation can be derived geometrically by considering these two rays.

text: Ray transfer matrix of spherical mirrors[edit]

text:
The mathematical treatment is done under the paraxial approximation, meaning that under the first approximation a spherical mirror is a parabolic reflector.
The ray matrix of a spherical mirror is shown here for the concave reflecting surface of a spherical mirror. The

C

{\displaystyle C}

 element of the matrix is

−

1
f

{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{f}}}

, where

f

{\displaystyle f}

 is the focal point of the optical device.

text:
Boxes 1 and 3 feature summing the angles of a triangle and comparing to π radians (or 180°). Box 2 shows the Maclaurin series of

arccos

(

−

r
R

)

{\displaystyle \arccos \left(-{\frac {r}{R}}\right)}

 up to order 1. The derivations of the ray matrices of a convex spherical mirror and a thin lens are very similar.