document_title: Bite the Bullet (film)

question_text: where was the movie bite the bullet filmed

text: Bite the Bullet (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Based on actual events of the early twentieth century, the story concerns a grueling 700-mile (1,100 km) cross-country horse race in 1906, with a winner-take-all prize of $2,000 ($54,500 today), and the way it affects the lives of its various participants.

text: The colorful contestants include two former Rough Riders (Hackman and Coburn) who can't let friendship come between them if they intend to win, a lady of little virtue (Bergen), a punk kid (Vincent), an old cowhand in poor health (Johnson), an English gentleman (Bannen) who's competing just for the sheer sport of it all, and a Mexican with a toothache (Mario Arteaga) who literally needs to bite the bullet. All must race against a thoroughbred of championship pedigree owned by a wealthy man (Coleman) who has no intention of seeing his entry lose.

text: The film touches on the themes of sportsmanship, animal cruelty, the yellow press, racism, the end of the Old West and the bonds of marriage and friendship. As the race progresses, the conditions test not only the endurance of horses and riders but also their philosophies of life and the meaning of victory and defeat.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gene Hackman as Sam Clayton
James Coburn as Luke Matthews
Candice Bergen as Miss Jones
Ben Johnson as Mister
Ian Bannen as Sir Harry Norfolk
Jan-Michael Vincent as Carbo
Dabney Coleman as Parker
John McLiam as Gebhardt
Mario Arteaga as Mexican
Sally Kirkland as Honey
Jean Willes as Rosie

text: Production[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Charles Bronson turned down the lead role of Sam Clayton before Gene Hackman was eventually cast. The movie was filmed on location in New Mexico and Nevada and begins in a church in the small town of La Puente, New Mexico. There are numerous scenes of steam locomotives at work, shot along the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad narrow gauge railway between Chama, New Mexico, and Antonito, Colorado. Other scenes were filmed at the Carson National Forest, New Mexico; Taos, New Mexico; White Sands National Monument, New Mexico; Lake Mead, Nevada; Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada. The film's title comes from the creation of an improvised cap made from a hollowed bullet, which is used to relieve the toothache of one of the participants in the horse race.

text: Factual inspiration[edit]

text: While the film's race is set in 1906, producer/writer/director Richard Brooks detailed that he was inspired by an actual $2,500 ($68,100 today), 700-mile (1,100 km) race, in 1908, created by the Denver Post (Western Post in the film), from Wyoming to Denver, Colorado.[2]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Bite the Bullet was nominated for two Academy Awards including Best Sound (Arthur Piantadosi, Les Fresholtz, Richard Tyler, Al Overton Jr.) and Best Music, Original Score (Alex North).

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box Office[edit]

text: According to Variety the film earned $5 million in theatrical rentals at the North American box office.[3]

text: Critical[edit]

text: Vincent Canby of The New York Times was not impressed: "(It) is a big, expensive Western that doesn't contain one moment that might be called genuine. In spite of all the care, the money and the hardships that apparently went into its production, the movie looks prefabricated, like something assembled from other people's earlier, better inspirations."[4] Canby did find the cinematography by Harry Stradling Jr. to be "spectacularly beautiful."

text: However, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times liked the movie: "Brooks is a proven master of the Western on a grand scale (the 1966 classic The Professionals was his) and Bite the Bullet is a film that reexamines and reaffirms the Western myth — both as it affected our history and as it has been considered in the movies. ...Bite the Bullet finds the traditional power and integrity of the Western intact after all."[2] Likewise, Ebert was impressed with Stradling's cinematography.


document_title: Term limits in the United States

question_text: how long can you serve in the house

question_tokens: how long can you serve in the house

root

text: Term limits in the United States

text: Historical background[edit]

text: The Constitution[edit]

text: Term limits date back to the American Revolution, and prior to that to the democracies and republics of antiquity. The council of 500 in ancient Athens rotated its entire membership annually, as did the ephorate in ancient Sparta. The ancient Roman Republic featured a system of elected magistrates—tribunes of the plebs, aediles, quaestors, praetors, and consuls —who served a single term of one year, with re-election to the same magistracy forbidden for ten years (see cursus honorum).[1] According to historian Garrett Fagan, office holding in the Roman Republic was based on "limited tenure of office" which ensured that "authority circulated frequently", helping to prevent corruption.[1] An additional benefit of the cursus honorum or Run of Offices was to bring the "most experienced" politicians to the upper echelons of power-holding in the ancient republic.[1] Many of the founders of the United States were educated in the classics, and quite familiar with rotation in office during antiquity. The debates of that day reveal a desire to study and profit from the object lessons offered by ancient democracy.

tag: p

text: Prior to independence, several colonies had already experimented with term limits. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut of 1639, for example, prohibited the colonial governor from serving consecutive terms, setting terms at one year's length, and holding "that no person be chosen Governor above once in two years."[2] Shortly after independence, the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 set maximum service in the Pennsylvania General Assembly at "four years in seven".[3] Benjamin Franklin's influence is seen not only in that he chaired the constitutional convention which drafted the Pennsylvania constitution, but also because it included, virtually unchanged, Franklin's earlier proposals on executive rotation. Pennsylvania's plural executive was composed of twelve citizens elected for the term of three years, followed by a mandatory vacation of four years.[4]

text: The Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1781, established term limits for the delegates to the Continental Congress, mandating in Article V that "no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years."[5]

text: On October 2, 1789, the Continental Congress appointed a committee of thirteen to examine forms of government for the impending union of the states. Among the proposals was that from the State of Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, urging a limitation of tenure, "to prevent every danger which might arise to American freedom by continuing too long in office the members of the Continental Congress".[6] The committee made recommendations, which as regards congressional term limits were incorporated unchanged into the Articles of Confederation (1781–89). The fifth Article stated that "no person shall be capable of being a delegate [to the continental congress] for more than three years in any term of six years".[7]

text: Term limits in the Constitution[edit]

text: In contrast to the Articles of Confederation, the federal constitution convention at Philadelphia omitted mandatory term limits from the second national frame of government, i.e. the U.S. Constitution of 1789 to the present. However, George Washington set the informal precedent for a two-term limit for the Presidency—a tradition that prevailed until Franklin Roosevelt's presidency, after which the 22nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1951 formally establishing in law the two-term limit.

text: However, when the states ratified the Constitution (1787–88), several leading statesmen regarded the lack of mandatory limits to tenure as a dangerous defect, especially, they thought, as regards the presidency and the Senate. Richard Henry Lee viewed the absence of legal limits to tenure, together with certain other features of the Constitution, as "most highly and dangerously oligarchic".[8] Both Jefferson[9] and George Mason[10] advised limits on reelection to the Senate and to the Presidency, because said Mason, "nothing is so essential to the preservation of a Republican government as a periodic rotation". The historian Mercy Otis Warren, warned that "there is no provision for a rotation, nor anything to prevent the perpetuity of office in the same hands for life; which by a little well-timed bribery, will probably be done".[11]

text: 19th century[edit]

text: The fact that "perpetuity in office" was not approached until the 20th century is due in part to the influence of rotation in office as a popular 19th-century concept. "Ideas are, in truth, forces", and rotation in office enjoyed such normative support, especially at the local level, that it altered political reality.[12] For a detailed study of the 19th-century concepts of rotation, consult Political Science Quarterly, vol. 94, "House Turnover and the Principle of Rotation", by Robert Struble, Jr. See also his Treatise on Twelve Lights,[13] chapter six, "Rotation in History". Consult also, James Young's The Washington Community, 1800–1828.

text: According to Young, the tendency to look with mistrust upon political power was so ingrained into American culture that even the officeholders themselves perceived their occupations in a disparaging light.[14] James Fenimore Cooper described the common view that "contact with the affairs of state is one of the most corrupting of the influences to which men are exposed".[15] An article in the Richmond Enquirer (1822) noted that the "long cherished" principle of rotation in office had been impressed on the republican mind "by a kind of intuitive impulse, unassailable to argument or authority".[16]

text: Beginning about the 1830s, Jacksonian democracy introduced a less idealistic twist to the practice of limiting terms. Rotation in office came to mean taking turns in the distribution of political prizes.[17] Rotation of nominations to the U.S. House of Representatives—the prizes—became a key element of payoffs to the party faithful. The leading lights in the local party machinery came to regard a nomination for the House as "salary" for political services rendered. A new code of political ethics evolved, based on the proposition that "turnabout is fair play".[18] In short, rotation of nominations was intertwined with the spoils system.

text: In district nominating conventions local leaders could negotiate and enforce agreements to pass the nominations around among themselves. Abraham Lincoln was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 under such a bargain, and he returned home to Springfield after a single congressional term because, he wrote, "to enter myself as a competitor of another, or to authorize anyone so to enter me, is what my word and honor forbid".[19]

text: During the Civil War, the Confederate States Constitution limited its president to a single six-year term.

text: Era of incumbency[edit]

text: The practice of nomination rotation for the House of Representatives began to decline after the Civil War. It took a generation or so before the direct primary system, civil service reforms, and the ethic of professionalism worked to eliminate rotation in office as a common political practice. By the turn of the 20th century the era of incumbency was coming into full swing.

text: A total of 8 presidents served two full terms and declined a third and three presidents served one full term and refused a second. After World War II, however, an officeholder class had developed to the point that congressional tenure rivaled that of the U.S. Supreme Court, where tenure is for life.

text: Term limits movement[edit]

text: "Homesteading," or securing a lifelong career in Congress, was made possible by reelection rates that approached 100% by the end of the 20th century. The concept of homesteading brought about a popular movement known as the "term-limits movement". The elections of 1990–94 saw the adoption of term limits for state legislatures in almost every state where citizens had the power of the initiative. In addition, 23 states limited service in their delegation to Congress. As they pertain to Congress, these laws are no longer enforceable, however, as in 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned congressional term limits in U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, ruling that state governments cannot limit the terms of members of the national government.[20]

text: Where rotation in the legislative branch has withstood court challenges, term limits continue to garner popular support. As of 2002, the advocacy group "U.S. Term Limits" found that in the 17 states where state legislators served in rotation, public support for term limits ranged from 60 to 78 percent.[21]

text: Federal term limits[edit]

text:
Office
Term limits

President
Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four-year terms. A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once, and 2 more four-year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less. Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times, for example, if he or she is Vice President and the President dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction.[22][23]

Vice President
Unlimited four-year terms

House of Representatives
Unlimited two-year terms

Senate
Unlimited six-year terms

Supreme Court
No term limits, appointed to serve "during good behavior"[24] (but can be impeached and removed from office for "high Crimes and Misdemeanors"); in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down (by retirement or resignation)

tag: table

text: As of 2013, term limits at the federal level are restricted to the executive branch and some agencies. Judicial appointments at the federal level are made for life, and are not subject to election or to term limits. The U.S. Congress remains (since the Thornton decision of 1995) without electoral limits. During one of Trump's speeches from October 2016, he is quoted as having planned to impose term limits on Congress within his first hundred days in office.[25]

text: President[edit]

text: The first U.S. president, George Washington, started the tradition of informal presidential term limits by refusing to run for a third term (originally he claimed he did not want to run in the first place, much less for a second term). The short-lived Confederate States of America adopted a six-year term for their president and vice-president and barred the president from seeking re-election. That innovation was endorsed by many American politicians after the American Civil War, most notably by Rutherford B. Hayes in his inaugural address.

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt (president, 1933–1945) was the first and only U.S. president to break Washington's tradition successfully. He died in office a few months after starting his fourth term. This gave rise to a successful move in Congress to formalize the traditional two-term limit by amending the U.S. Constitution. As ratified in 1951, the Twenty-Second Amendment provides that "no person shall be elected to the office of President more than twice".

text: Congress[edit]

text: Reformers during the early 1990s used the initiative and referendum to put congressional term limits on the ballot in 24 states. Voters in eight of these states approved the congressional term limits by an average electoral margin of two to one.[26] It was an open question whether states had the constitutional authority to enact these limits. In May 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5–4 in U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995), that states cannot impose term limits upon their federal Representatives or Senators.

text: In the 1994 elections, part of the Republican platform included legislation for term limits in Congress. After winning the majority, a Republican congressman brought a constitutional amendment to the House floor that proposed limiting members of the Senate to two six-year terms and members of the House to six two-year terms.[27] However, this rate of rotation was so slow (the life-tenured Supreme Court averages in the vicinity of twelve years) that the congressional version of term-limits garnered little support among the populist backers of term limits, including U.S. Term Limits, the largest private organization pushing for congressional term limits.[28][citation needed] The bill got only a bare majority (227–204), falling short of the two-thirds majority (290) needed for constitutional amendments.[29] Three other term limit amendment bills failed to get more than 200 votes.[30]

text: Defeated in Congress and overridden by the Supreme Court, the federal term limit uprising was brought to a halt. The term limits intended simultaneously to reform state legislatures (as distinguished from the federal congressional delegations) remain in force, however, in fifteen states.[31][32]

text: In 2007 Larry J. Sabato revived the debate over term limits by arguing in A More Perfect Constitution that the success and popularity of term limits at the state level suggests that they should be adopted at the federal level as well. He specifically put forth the idea of congressional term limits and suggested a national constitutional convention be used to accomplish the amendment, since the Congress would be unlikely to propose and adopt any amendment that limits its own power.

text: Some state legislators have also expressed their opinions on term limits. It is confirmed that in the following five states—and there may be others—state lawmakers approved resolutions asking Congress to propose a federal constitutional amendment to limit the number of terms which members of Congress may serve:

text: This section has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
South Dakota Legislature (designated as POM-42 in the U.S. Senate) approved in 1989, South Dakota House Joint Resolution No. 1001 (see Congressional Record of April 4, 1989, at pages 5395 and 5396, with verbatim text provided);
Hawaii Senate (designated as Memorial 400 in the U.S. House of Representatives) approved in 1990, Hawaii Senate Resolution No. 41—unicameral only (see Congressional Record of September 28, 1998, at page 22655) it took 8 years for this resolution to find its way into the Congressional Record and to be correctly referred to the Committee on the Judiciary—and even then, its text was not provided in the Congressional Record); back in 1990, Hawaii's S.R. No. 41 was indeed received by the U.S. House of Representatives, and was designated as Memorial 416, (Congressional Record of June 6, 1990, at pages 13262 and 13263) but the resolution was erroneously referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce—and its text is NOT provided in the Congressional Record;
Utah Legislature (designated as POM-644 in the U.S. Senate) approved in 1990, Utah Senate Joint Resolution No. 24 (see Congressional Record of September 27, 1994, at page 26033, with verbatim text provided) it took four years for this resolution to find its way into the U.S. Senate's portion of the Congressional Record;
Idaho Legislature (designated as Memorial 401 in the U.S. House of Representatives) approved in 1992, Idaho Senate Joint Memorial No. 116 (see Congressional Record of April 29, 1992, at page 9804—text NOT provided in the Congressional Record); and
Florida Legislature (designated as POM-122 in the U.S. Senate) approved in 2012, Florida House Memorial No. 83 (see Congressional Record of July 25, 2012, at page S5378, with verbatim text provided). Taking matters a bit further, on February 10, 2016, Florida lawmakers approved House Memorial No. 417 calling upon Congress, pursuant to Article V of the Federal Constitution, to assemble a Convention to prepare a constitutional amendment that would establish term limits upon members of Congress.

tag: ol

text: Supreme Court[edit]

text: Legal scholars have discussed whether or not to impose term limits on the Supreme Court of the United States. Currently, Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life "during good behavior". A sentiment has developed, among certain scholars, that the Supreme Court may not be accountable in a way that is most in line with the spirit of checks and balances.[33] Equally, scholars have argued that life tenure has taken on a new meaning in a modern context.[34] Changes in medical care have markedly raised life expectancy and therefore has allowed Justices to serve for longer than ever before.[33][34] Steven G. Calebresi and James Lindgren, professors of law at Northwestern University, argued that, because vacancies in the court are occurring with less frequency and justices served on average, between 1971 and 2006, for 26.1 years, the "efficacy of the democratic check that the appointment process provides on the Court's membership" is reduced.[33] There have been several similar proposals to implement term limits for the nation's highest court, including Professor of Law at Duke University, Paul Carrington's 2005 "The Supreme Court Renewal Act of 2005".[35]

text: Many of the proposals center around a term limit for Justices that would be 18 years (Larry Sabato, Professor of Political Science at University of Virginia, suggested between 15 and 18 years).[33][34][35][36] The proposed staggered term limits of 18 years would, according to Calebresi, Lindgren (2006), and Carrington (2005), allow for a new appointment to the Court every two years, which in effect would allow every president at least two appointments.[34][35] Professor Carrington has argued that such a measure would not require a constitutional amendment as the "Constitution doesn’t even mention life tenure; it merely requires that justices serve during ‘good behaviour’ ".[34] The idea was not without support among Judges, as John Roberts supported term limits before he was appointed to the Supreme Court as Chief Justice. Calebresi, Lingren, and Carrington have also proposed that when justices have served out their proposed 18-year term they should be able to sit on other Federal Courts until retirement, death, or removal.[33][34]

text: Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind Poll measured American voters’ attitudes towards various proposed Supreme Court reforms, including implementing term limits. The 2010 poll found that a majority of Americans were largely unaware of a proposal to impose a term limit of 18 years, as 82% reported they had heard little or nothing at all.[37] Notwithstanding a lack of awareness, 52% of Americans approved of limiting terms to 18 years, while 35% disapproved.[37] When asked how old is too old for a Supreme Court judge to serve if he or she seems healthy, 48% said "no limit as long as he or she is healthy", while 31% agreed that anyone over the age of 70 is too old.[37]

text: Some state lawmakers have officially expressed to Congress a desire for a federal constitutional amendment to limit terms of Supreme Court justices as well as of judges of federal courts below the Supreme Court level. While there might be others, below are three known examples:

text:
In 1957, the Alabama Legislature adopted Senate Joint Resolution No. 47 on the subject (appearing in the U.S. Senate's portion of the Congressional Record on July 3, 1957, at page 10863, with full text provided);
In 1978, the Tennessee General Assembly adopted House Joint Resolution No. 21 on the subject (designated as POM-612 by the U.S. Senate and quoted in full in the Congressional Record of April 25, 1978, at page 11437); and
In 1998, the Louisiana House of Representatives adopted House Resolution No. 120 on the subject (designated as POM-511 by the U.S. Senate and quoted in full in the Congressional Record of July 17, 1998, at page 16076).

text: State term limits[edit]

text: Term limits for state officials have existed since colonial times. The Pennsylvania Charter of Liberties of 1682, and the colonial frame of government of the same year, both authored by William Penn, provided for triennial rotation of the provincial council—the upper house of the colonial legislature.[38] The Delaware Constitution of 1776 limited the governor to a single three-year term; currently, the governor of Delaware can serve two four-year terms.

text: At present, 36 states have term limits of various types for their governors. To circumvent the term limit in Alabama incumbent governor George Wallace pushed through the nomination of his wife Lurleen, in the 1966 Democratic primary, which was, in those days, the real contest in Alabama. It was generally understood that Mrs. Wallace would only be a titular governor while her husband continued to hold the real power. She won the election, but only served 16 months before dying in 1968.

text: As indicated above, in fifteen state legislatures the members serve in rotation, i.e., under term limits enacted during the reforms of the early 1990s. In another six states, however, state legislatures have either overturned their own limits or state supreme courts have ruled such limits unconstitutional. In 2002 the Idaho Legislature became the first legislature of its kind to repeal its own term limits, enacted by a public vote in 1994, ostensibly because it applied to local officials along with the legislature.

text: Gubernatorial term limits[edit]

text:
No limit
  No limit, two-year terms
  One; re-eligible after 4 years

  Two; re-eligible after 4 years
  Two; eligible 8 out of 12 years
  Two; eligible 8 out of 16 years
  Two, absolute

text: Governors of 36 states and four territories are subject to various term limits, while the governors of 14 states, Puerto Rico, and the Mayor of Washington, D.C., may serve an unlimited number of times. Each state's gubernatorial term limits are prescribed by its state constitution, with the exception of Wyoming, whose limits are found in its statutes. Territorial term limits are prescribed by its constitution in the Northern Mariana Islands, the Organic Acts in Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and by statute in American Samoa.

text: Unique in its restriction, Virginia prohibits its governors from succeeding themselves, although former governors are re-eligible after four years out of office.[39] Many other states formerly had this prohibition, but all had eliminated it by 2000.

text: The governors of the following states and territories are limited to two consecutive terms, but are re-eligible after four years out of office: Alabama,[40] Alaska,[41] Arizona,[42] Colorado,[43] Florida,[44] Georgia,[45] Hawaii,[46] Kansas,[47] Kentucky,[48] Louisiana,[49] Maine,[50] Maryland,[51] Nebraska,[52] New Jersey,[53] New Mexico,[54] North Carolina,[55] Ohio,[56] Pennsylvania,[57] Rhode Island,[58] South Carolina,[59] South Dakota,[60] Tennessee,[61] West Virginia,[62] American Samoa,[63] Guam,[64] and the U.S. Virgin Islands.[65] Equivalently, the Governors of Indiana[66] and Oregon[67] are limited to serving 8 out of any 12 years. Conversely, the Governors of Montana[68] and Wyoming[69] are restricted to two terms, limited to serving 8 out of any 16 years. Finally, the governors of the following states and territory are absolutely limited (for life) to two terms: Arkansas,[70] California,[71] Delaware,[72] Michigan,[73] Mississippi,[74] Missouri,[75] Nevada,[76] the Northern Mariana Islands,[77] and Oklahoma.[78] The current Governor of California (Jerry Brown) is, however, serving a fourth (non-consecutive) term because his first two terms were before limits were passed in California, and the limits did not apply to individuals' prior terms.

text: The governors of New Hampshire and Vermont may serve unlimited two-year terms. The governors in the following states, district, and territory may serve unlimited four-year terms: Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The Governor of Utah was formerly limited to serving three terms, but all term limit laws have since been repealed by the legislature.

text: State legislatures with term limits[edit]

text: The following 15 legislatures have term limits:

text:
Arizona Legislature: four consecutive two-year terms for both houses (eight years). No limit on total number of terms.
Arkansas General Assembly: sixteen years total in either the House or the Senate. (Prior to the 2014 election, the previous limits of three two-year terms for House members (six years) and two four-year terms for Senate members (eight years) applied).
California State Legislature: twelve years total in either Assembly or Senate. (For legislators first elected on or before June 5, 2012, the previous limits (enacted in 1990) of either three two-year terms for Assembly members (six years) and two four-year terms for Senate members (eight years) apply).
Colorado General Assembly: four consecutive two-year terms in the House (eight years) and two consecutive four-year terms in the Senate (eight years).
Florida Legislature: may serve no more than eight consecutive years in either house. No limit on total number of terms.
Louisiana State Legislature: three consecutive four-year terms for both houses (twelve years). Members may run for the opposite body without having to sit out an election.
Maine Legislature: four two-year terms for both houses (eight years). No limit on total number of terms
Michigan Legislature: three two-year terms for House members (six years) and two four-year terms for Senate members (eight years).
Missouri General Assembly: four consecutive two-year terms for House members (eight years) and two four-year consecutive terms for Senate members (eight years). Members may be elected again to the other house, but not serve more than 16 years.
Montana State Legislature: four two-year terms for House members (eight years) in any sixteen-year period and two four-year terms for Senate members (eight years) in any sixteen-year period.
Nebraska Legislature: unicameral legislature; members limited to two consecutive four-year terms (eight years), after which they must wait four years before running again.[79]
Nevada Legislature: six two-year terms for Assembly members (twelve years) and three four-year terms for Senate members (twelve years).
Ohio General Assembly: four consecutive two-year terms for House members (eight years) and two consecutive four-year terms for Senate members (eight years).
Oklahoma Legislature: six two-year terms for House members (twelve years) and three four-year terms for Senate members (twelve years). Once term-limited in one house, a legislator cannot be elected to the other.
South Dakota Legislature: four consecutive two-year terms for both houses (eight years).

tag: ul

text: Overturned or repealed state legislative term limits[edit]

text: The following six legislatures have had their term limits nullified:

text:
Idaho Legislature: the Legislature repealed its own term limits in 2002.
Massachusetts General Court: the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court overturned term limits in 1997.
Oregon Legislative Assembly: the Oregon Supreme Court ruled term limits unconstitutional in 2002. See term limits in Oregon.
Utah State Legislature: the Legislature repealed its own term limits in 2003.
Washington State Legislature: the Washington Supreme Court voided term limits in 1998.
Wyoming Legislature: the Wyoming Supreme Court ruled term limits unconstitutional in 2004. See term limits in Wyoming.

text: Municipal term limits[edit]

text: Some local governments have term limits. In Philadelphia, the mayor cannot be elected three consecutive times, but there is no limit on how long any individual can serve as mayor. Frank Rizzo was elected mayor in 1971 and 1975; he attempted to repeal the term limit, but failed and could not run in 1979. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for mayor in 1983 but he lost to Wilson Goode. In 1986, he switched to the Republican Party, and ran as a Republican in the mayoral elections of 1987 and 1991.

text: Limits vary from city to city even within the same state. For example, Houston, Texas, has a limit of 2 four-year terms (prior to November 3, 2015, 3 two-year terms dating back to 1991), while San Antonio, Texas, has a limit of 4 two-year terms. Both Houston and San Antonio's term limits are absolute; elected officeholders are ineligible to run for the same position where seeking higher office is common.

text: A two-term limit was imposed on New York City Council members and citywide elected officials (except for district attorneys) in New York City after a 1993 referendum (see the Charter of the City of New York, § 1138). On November 3, 2008, however, when Michael Bloomberg was in his second term of mayor, the City Council approved the extension of the two-term limit to a three-term limit; one year later, he was elected to a third term. The two-term limit was reinstated after a referendum in 2010.[80][81]

text: In Los Angeles the mayor serves two four-year terms since 1993, while the City Council serve three four-year terms.

text: In Cincinnati, Ohio, the term limit for mayor is two successive four-year terms. Council members are limited to two successive four-year terms. There is no limit to total terms that may be served, just a limit on successive terms.

text: In New Orleans, City Council members are limited to two four-year terms. However, a council member representing one of the five council districts may run for one of the two at-large seats on the council once they reach the two-term limit, and vice versa. There is no limit on the number of terms a council member may serve in a lifetime. Since 1954, the mayor of New Orleans has been limited to two consecutive four-year elected terms, but he or she may be elected again after sitting out one four-year term. When the new city plan of government was adopted, the mayor at the time, DeLesseps Story Morrison, was exempt from term limits due to a grandfather clause.

text: Under the original Metropolitan Charter adopted in 1962, the mayor of Nashville was limited to three consecutive four-year terms, which was subsequently reduced to two consecutive four-year terms in 1991. Councilors were likewise limited to two consecutive four-year terms, but subsequent court rulings have determined the offices of district councilor and at-large councilor to be separate offices even though all councilors serve together in one unicameral body, which has meant that at large councilors have continued in office as district members, and (more frequently) district councilors have been elected to subsequent terms as at large councilors.


document_title: Lunula (anatomy)

question_text: what's the white part of your nail called

question_tokens: what 's the white part of your nail called

text: Lunula (anatomy)

text:
Lunula

The lunula is the white crescent-shaped area of a finger.

Details

Part of
Fingernail or toenail

Identifiers

Latin
lunula

TA
A16.0.01.005

TH
H3.12.00.3.02006

FMA
77858

Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

text: The lunula, or lunulae (pl.) (from Latin, meaning 'little moon'), is the crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of a fingernail or toenail. The lunula is the visible part of the root of the nail.

text: In humans, it appears by week 14 of gestation, and has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate (the part of the nail that grows outward).

text: Appearance[edit]

text: It is located at the end of the nail (that is closest to the skin of the finger), but it still lies under the nail. It is not actually white but only appears so when it is seen through the nail. Outlining the nail matrix, the lunula is a very delicate part of the nail structure. If one damages the lunula, the nail will be permanently deformed. Even when the totality of the nail is removed, the lunula remains in place and is similar in appearance to another smaller fingernail embedded in the nail bed.

text: In most cases, it is half-moon-shaped and has unique histologic features. Examinations concluded that the lunula was an area of loose dermis with lesser developed collagen bundles. It appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying blood vessels.[1]

text: The lunula is most noticeable on the thumb; however, not everyone's lunulae are visible. In some cases, the eponychium may partially or completely cover the lunula.


document_title: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)

question_text: fantastic beasts and where to find them makeup

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1926, British wizard and "magizoologist" Newt Scamander arrives by ship to New York en route to Arizona. He encounters Mary Lou Barebone, a non-magical woman ("No-Maj" or "Muggle") who heads the New Salem Philanthropic Society. While Newt listens to her speech about how witches and wizards are real and dangerous, a small platypus-like "Niffler" which hoards shiny objects escapes from his magically expanded suitcase and slips into a nearby bank. As Newt attempts to capture the Niffler, he meets No-Maj cannery worker and aspiring baker Jacob Kowalski, and they unwittingly swap suitcases. Demoted Auror (hunter of dark wizards) Tina Goldstein arrests Newt for being an unregistered wizard and takes him to the Magical Congress of the United States of America (MACUSA) headquarters. However, as Jacob's suitcase contains only baked goods, Newt is released. At Jacob's tenement apartment, several creatures escape from Newt's suitcase, one of them biting Jacob on the neck.

text: After Tina and Newt find Jacob and the suitcase, Tina takes them to her apartment and introduces them to her Legilimens sister Queenie. Jacob and Queenie are mutually attracted, though American wizards are forbidden to marry or even meet No-Majs. Newt takes Jacob inside his magically expanded suitcase, where Jacob encounters a contained Obscurus, a dark, destructive parasite that develops inside magically gifted children if they suppress their magical abilities. Newt extracted it from a young girl who died, those afflicted rarely living past the age of ten. Newt persuades Jacob to help search for the missing creatures. After re-capturing two of the three escaped beasts, they re-enter the suitcase, which Tina captures and returns to MACUSA. Officials arrest them, believing one of Newt's beasts to be responsible for killing Senator Henry Shaw Jr. They decide to destroy Newt's suitcase and "obliviate" (remove) Jacob's memories of magic. Director of Magical Security Percival Graves accuses Newt of conspiring with the infamous dark wizard Gellert Grindelwald. Newt and Tina are sentenced to immediate death but Queenie and Jacob rescue them and they escape. Thanks to the help of Goblin gangster Gnarlack, Tina's old informant, the foursome then find and re-capture the last of the creatures.

text: Meanwhile, Percival Graves approaches Mary Lou Barebone's adopted son Credence and offers to free him from his abusive mother. In exchange, Graves wants Credence to find an Obscurus, which he believes has caused the mysterious destructive incidents around the city. Credence finds a wand under his adopted sister Modesty's bed. Mary Lou assumes it is Credence's wand, but Modesty says it is hers. When she is about to be punished, the Obscurus attacks and kills Mary Lou and her eldest daughter Chastity. Graves arrives and after Credence leads him to the location of Modesty, dismisses him as being a Squib and refuses to teach him magic. Credence reveals he is the Obscurus's host, having lived longer than any other host due to the intensity of his magic. In a fit of rage, Credence transforms into an Obscurus and attacks the city.

text: Newt finds Credence hiding in a subway tunnel, but he is attacked by Graves. Tina, who knows Credence, arrives and attempts to calm him, while Graves tries to convince Credence to listen to him. As Credence begins to settle into human form Aurors arrive. They apparently disintegrate him to protect the magical society, but a tiny Obscurus fragment escapes. Graves admits to unleashing the Obscurus to expose the magical community to the No-Majs, and angrily claims that MACUSA protects the No-Majs more than themselves. After being subdued by one of Newt's beasts, he is revealed as Grindelwald in disguise and is taken into custody.

text: MACUSA fears their secret world has been exposed, but Newt releases his Thunderbird to disperse a poultice as rainfall over the city that erases all New Yorkers' recent memories as MACUSA wizards repair the destruction. Queenie kisses Jacob goodbye as the rain erases his memories. Newt departs for Europe, but promises to return and visit Tina when his book is finished; he also anonymously leaves Jacob a case of silver Occamy eggshells to fund his bakery. His breads and pastries are unconsciously inspired by Newt's creatures and Queenie visits him in his shop.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander:[8] an eccentric, introverted British wizard, magizoologist and an employee at the Ministry of Magic. Scamander is the future author of the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry standard textbook Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Redmayne was cast in June 2015.[8] Matt Smith and Nicholas Hoult were also considered for the role.[9][10]
Katherine Waterston as Porpentina "Tina" Goldstein:[11] a grounded, down-to-earth witch and a former Auror employed by the Magical Congress of the United States of America (MACUSA). She longs to fight for what is right, but was demoted to a position well below her skill level.[11]
Dan Fogler as Jacob Kowalski: a genial No-Maj cannery worker and aspiring baker who is accidentally exposed to the New York City magical community upon meeting Newt.[12][13]
Alison Sudol as Queenie Goldstein:[14] Tina's younger sister and roommate, she's described as a free-spirited and big-hearted bombshell, and is accomplished in Legilimency. The film is Sudol's feature film debut.[15]
Ezra Miller as Credence Barebone:[16][13][17] Mary Lou's troubled adopted son.
Samantha Morton as Mary Lou Barebone:[18] a narrow-minded No-Maj and the sinister leader of the New Salem Philanthropic Society or "The Second-Salemers", a group whose goals include exposing and killing wizards and witches.
Jon Voight[19] as Henry Shaw Sr.: a newspaper owner and the father of U.S. senator Henry Shaw Jr. and Langdon Shaw.
Carmen Ejogo as Seraphina Picquery: the President of MACUSA.
Ron Perlman[20] as Gnarlack: a goblin gangster who owns a magical speakeasy nightclub called "The Blind Pig".
Colin Farrell as Gellert Grindelwald, one of the most dangerous dark wizards of all time, disguised as Percival Graves, a high-ranking Auror and the Director of Magical Security for MACUSA:[21]

text: Additionally, Johnny Depp portrays Gellert Grindelwald's true face. Ronan Raftery portrays Langdon Shaw, the youngest of Henry Shaw Sr.'s sons, who begins to believe in magic, while Josh Cowdery portrays his brother Henry Shaw Jr., an arrogant and cruel U.S. senator who holds a rally picketed by the New Salem Philanthropic Society. Faith Wood-Blagrove portrays Modesty, a haunted young girl and the youngest of Mary Lou's adopted children. Wood-Blagrove was chosen for the role following thousands of auditions in an open casting call.[22] Jenn Murray portrays Chastity Barebone, the eldest of Mary Lou's adopted children.[16][23] Kevin Guthrie portrays Mr. Abernathy, Tina and Queenie's MACUSA supervisor. Zoë Kravitz appears in a photo as Leta Lestrange, Newt's former love.[24]

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)

text: Development[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is mentioned several times as a school textbook in the Harry Potter book series, although Scamander himself does not appear in any of the books. In 2001 Rowling published an edition of the "textbook" to be sold to raise money for the British charity Comic Relief. The book is a directory of magical creatures written with an introduction by its author Newt Scamander; it does not contain a storyline narrative. (In literature, the creation of such a long work not part of a novel's narrative storyline is known as a false document.[25])

text: First announced in September 2013, the project marks Rowling's debut as a screenwriter.[26] The film sees the return of producer David Heyman, as well as writer Steve Kloves, both veterans of the Potter film franchise.[27] After Alfonso Cuarón declined involvement,[28][29] Warner Bros. announced that David Yates would direct at least the first instalment of a planned trilogy.[30] James Newton Howard was contracted to compose the score.[31]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on 17 August 2015, at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden and was completed in January 2016.[16][18][32][33] Several scenes were also shot on location in London.[34] After two months, the production moved to the Cunard Building and St George's Hall in Liverpool, which was transformed into 1920s New York City.[35] Framestore in London produced the visual effects for the film.[36]

text: Music[edit]

text: On 9 April 2016, it was announced that James Newton Howard would write and compose the film's score.[37] On 24 October, Pottermore published an official first look at the film's main theme composed by Howard.[38] The main theme incorporated John Williams' themes from earlier films, such as "Hedwig's Theme".[39] The soundtrack was released by WaterTower Music on 18 November 2016.[40]

text: Release[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them held its world premiere at Alice Tully Hall in New York City on 10 November 2016. The film was released worldwide on 18 November 2016, in 2D, 3D and the new IMAX 4K Laser system.[8][41] It would premiere one day earlier in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Germany and Italy, on 17 November. The film will be released in a total of 1,028 IMAX screens worldwide (388 screens in the United States and Canada, 347 screens in China, 26 screens in Japan and 267 screens in other countries). This marked the second time – after Doctor Strange – that a film secured a release in over 1,000 IMAX screens worldwide.[42][43]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: A "story pack" based on Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released for the video game Lego Dimensions by WB Games and TT Games. The pack includes a constructible model of MACUSA, figures of Newt Scamander and a Niffler, and a six-level game campaign that adapts the film's events. The pack was released on the same day as the film, alongside a "fun pack" containing figures of Tina Goldstein and a Swooping Evil. The cast of the film reprises their roles in the game.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On 4 November 2015, Entertainment Weekly released the first official publicity shots of the film, containing pictures of characters Newt, Tina, and Queenie, and production and filming being held in various sets designed to mirror 1920s New York City. On 10 December 2015, it was announced that an "announcement trailer" would be released five days later, on 15 December.[44] Along with the one-minute trailer, a teaser poster was released.[45][46]

text: During "A Celebration of Harry Potter" at Universal Orlando Resort in February 2016, a featurette was released showcasing several interviews with various cast and crew members, as well as the first official behind-the-scenes footage.[47] On 10 April 2016, the first "teaser trailer" was released during the MTV Movie Awards.[48] On 10 August, more information and publicity shots for the film were released through Entertainment Weekly, with new information on Ezra Miller's character Credence Barebone and the news that Zoe Kravitz would have a role in the series.[49][50] New images released include the quartet running down a New York City alleyway, David Yates chatting to stars Katherine Waterston and Eddie Redmayne on the set in front of a blown out Subway station, Colin Farrell's character Percival Graves interrogating an arrested and handcuffed Newt, and Graves and Credence putting up anti-magic propaganda.[49][51]

text: Tie-in literature and merchandise[edit]

text: On 26 April 2016, it was announced that the film's script would be released in the form of a book on 19 November.[52] The book, titled Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: The Original Screenplay, was written by Rowling herself. In an effort to avoid revealing plot details before the film's release, the novelization of the film was released the following day of the film's premiere, on 19 November 2016.[53]

text: On 7 March 2016 a trailer-preview was released about the History of Magic in North America as it is in the Harry Potter universe.[54] On 7 October 2016, Rowling also released on Pottermore four pieces of writing exclusively as an introduction to the film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, titled History of Magic in North America. It includes information about scourers in North America, brutal and violent magical mercenaries who played a significant role in the historic Salem witch trials of the 1600s, as well as info about various American wand makers; the role magic played in World War I; Native American magic; the foundation of MACUSA; the harsh enforcement No-Maj/Wizarding segregation; and life in 1920s Wizarding America; with info about wand permits and prohibition.[55][56]

text: On 28 June 2016, Rowling released a second part to her History of Magic in North America series, concerning the fictitious Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, detailing the founding of the pre-eminent American Wizarding academy and allowing users to sort themselves into one of the four houses of the school. The school itself is mentioned in the film.[57]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts was released on Digital HD on 7 March 2017, and on 4K UHD, 3D Blu-ray, Blu-ray and DVD on 28 March 2017.[58]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them grossed $234 million in the United States and Canada and $580 million in other countries for a total of $814 million.[5] The film was made on a budget of $180 million, with an additional $150 million spent on marketing.[4][59] Worldwide, the film grossed $219.9 million during its opening weekend from around 64 markets in 24,200 screens, both the fifth biggest in Rowling's wizarding cinematic universe, and the seventh-biggest of the month of November.[60][61] IMAX totalled $15 million from 605 screens.[42] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $164 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 9th most profitable release of 2016.[62]

text: United Kingdom and Ireland[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts went on general release in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 18 November 2016. It debuted with £15.33 million ($19.15 million) from 666 cinemas, the biggest debut of any film this year, ahead of the previous record holder, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (£14.62 million).[42][63] The film was surpassed during the last days of 2016 by Rogue One: A Star Wars Story which gained over one million pounds.[64]

text: United States and Canada[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, tracking had the film grossing $68–85 million in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $100 million. The film was released on 18 November in 4,143 cinemas, of which 388 were IMAX screens, and over 3,600 were showing the film in 3D.[65][66][67] It grossed $29.7 million on its first day, the second-lowest opening day among Rowling's adaptations (behind the $29.6 million Friday of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets).[68] This included $8.75 million it earned from Thursday night preview screenings beginning at 6 pm in 3,700 cinemas.[69] In total, the film earned $74.4 million in its opening weekend, falling in line with projections and finishing first at the box office, but recorded the lowest opening among Rowling's Harry Potter universe.[60][70] It made $8 million from 388 IMAX screens, $9 million from 500 premium large format locations and $1.75 million from Cinemark XD.[60]

text: The film's opening was considered a hit taking into account how the story was not based on a popular existing source, and the film itself was void of the franchise's main character, Harry Potter.[59] It was the top choice among moviegoers, representing 47% of the weekend's total $157.6 million tickets sales.[71] On its second Friday, it had a gradual drop of 37% ($18.5 million) from the week before, the second best Friday drop for any Harry Potter film, behind The Philosopher's Stone. This was in part due to Black Friday, the most lucrative day of the Thanksgiving Day stretch.[72] It ended up grossing $45.1 million in its second weekend (a drop of just 39.4%), finishing 2nd at the box office behind newcomer Moana.[73]

text: Other markets[edit]

text: Outside North America, the film debuted day-and-date in 63 countries, along with its North American release, where it was projected to gross $90–125 million in its opening weekend.[74][75] It opened 16 November 2016 in 9 countries, earning $6.9 million from 5,070 screens.[76][77] It opened in 38 more countries on 18 November, earning $16.6 million for a total of $23.5 million in two days.[76] In three days, it made $53.6 million.[78] Through Sunday, 20 November, the film had a five-day opening weekend of $145.5 million from 63 countries, which is way above the initial projections.[42] It earned another $132 million in its second weekend after a large debut in China and Japan.[43]

text: It recorded the biggest opening day of all-time among the Harry Potter franchise in Korea ($1.7 million), the UAE ($429,000) and Ukraine, the second biggest in Mexico ($1.8 million), Russia and the CIS ($1.7 million), Brazil ($1.3 million) and in Indonesia ($480,000), all behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 and the third biggest in the United Kingdom ($5.4 million), behind Part 1 and Part 2.[76] It also scored the second biggest Warner Bros. opening of all-time in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.[76] Notably, France opened with $1.8 million, Spain with $1.4 million, and Germany with $1 million ($2 million including paid previews).[76] In terms of opening weekend, the film posted the biggest opening among the Harry Potter franchise in 16 markets, including South Korea ($14.2 million, also the third-biggest opening for the studio), Russia ($9.8 million) and Brazil ($6.4 million), the biggest opener of the year in Germany ($10.2 million), Sweden, Belgium and Switzerland and the biggest Warner Bros. debut in those along with France ($10.2 million), Holland and Denmark. Italy debuted with $6.6 million, the biggest for a U.S. film in the country. Australia opened with $7.4 million, followed by Mexico ($5.8 million) and Spain ($4.5 million).[42]

text: It opened in China on 25 November alongside Disney's animated Moana but didn't face significant competition from it. It earned $11.2 million on its opening day from 11,600 screens, the best among the Rowlings cinematic universe.[79][80] In total, it had an opening weekend of $41.1 million, dominating 60% of the top five films with 70,000 screenings per day. This alone surpassed the entire lifetime total of all Harry Potter films save the last one.[43][81] Similarly in Japan – typically the biggest or second biggest market for the previous Harry Potter films – it debuted with $15.5 million, besting the total lifetime of all the previous films except for Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Deathly Hallows – Part 2.[43]

text: The film also set a number of IMAX records. In total, the opening weekend was worth $7 million from 276 screens, which is the second-highest ever in the Wizarding World, behind Deathly Hallows – Part 2. In 33 territories, it opened at number one. Moreover, it's also the third highest-grossing November international IMAX opening ever, and the No. 1 start for IMAX in November in 19 countries including Japan ($1.1 million), the UK, Russia, Germany, and the Netherlands.[42] In China, it had the biggest IMAX opening among the franchise with $5.1 million from 347 IMAX screens.[43] Overall, the film has earned a global cumulative total of $19.1 million from the format.[43]

text: It has become the highest-grossing film in Rowling's cinematic universe in Russia ($16.7 million) and the second-highest in South Korea ($24.6 million). China ($41.1 million) the United Kingdom ($37.6 million), followed by Germany ($18.4 million), France ($16.7 million), and Spain ($13.3 million) are the film's biggest earning markets.[43]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes sampled 279 critics and judged 73% of the reviews as positive, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them draws on Harry Potter's rich mythology to deliver a spinoff that dazzles with franchise-building magic all its own."[82] Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating to reviews, gives the film a score 66 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating mostly favourable reviews.[83] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[84]

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film five out of five stars, hailing it as "a rich, baroque, intricately detailed entertainment" and a "terrifically good-natured, unpretentious and irresistibly buoyant film".[85] NME's Larry Bartleet also gave it five stars, calling it "more enchanting to your inner kid than the Potter films ever were".[86] IndieWire's Eric Kohn gave the film a B+ saying that it "delivers the most satisfying period fantasy since Tim Burton's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ", and that its layers of sophistication made it one of the best Hollywood blockbusters of the year.[87]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, writing "Newt Scamander is nothing like Harry, but it has to be this way. It all has to be different. And it is, but, again, with just enough 'sameness' to make us feel like we are at home again. I'm looking forward to wherever these movies are taking us".[88] John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that the film is "likely to draw in just about everyone who followed the Potter series and to please most of them".[89] New York Magazine's David Edelstein deemed the film a "distinctly unmagical slog", remarking that the beasts "aren’t especially fantastic and the effects are too blandly corporate to be exhilarating".[90]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients
Result
Ref(s)

Academy Awards
26 February 2017
Best Production Design
Stuart Craig and Anna Pinnock
Nominated
[91][92]

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

Art Directors Guild Awards
11 February 2017
Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film
Stuart Craig
Nominated
[93]

British Academy Film Awards
12 February 2017
Best British Film
David Heyman, Steve Kloves, J. K. Rowling, Lionel Wigram and David Yates
Nominated
[94]

Best Production Design
Stuart Craig and Anna Pinnock
Won

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Nominated

Best Special Visual Effects
Tim Burke, Pablo Grillo, Christian Manz and David Watkins
Nominated

Best Sound
Niv Adiri, Glenn Freemantle, Simon Hayes, Andy Nelson and Ian Tapp
Nominated

Costume Designers Guild Awards
21 February 2017
Excellence in Fantasy Film
Colleen Atwood
Nominated
[95]

Critics Choice Awards
11 December 2016
Best Art Direction
Stuart Craig, James Hambidge and Anna Pinnock
Nominated
[96]

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Nominated

Best Hair and Makeup
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated

Diversity in Media Awards
15 September 2017
Movie of the Year
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated
[97]

Empire Awards
19 March 2017
Best British Film
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated
[98]

Best Actor
Eddie Redmayne
Won

Best Costume Design
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Won

Best Make-Up and Hairstyling
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Won

Best Production Design
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Won

Best Visual Effects
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated

Evening Standard British Film Awards
9 December 2016
Editor's Award
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Won
[99]

Irish Film & Television Awards
8 April 2017
Best Supporting Actor
Colin Farrell
Nominated
[100]

Make-Up Artists & Hair Stylists Guild Awards
19 February 2017
Feature-Length Motion Picture – Best Period and/or Character Make-Up
Fae Hammond and Marilyn MacDonald
Nominated
[101]

Feature-Length Motion Picture – Best Period and/or Character Hair Styling
Fae Hammond and Marilyn MacDonald
Nominated

Feature-Length Motion Picture – Best Special Make-Up Effects
Fae Hammond
Nominated

People's Choice Awards
18 January 2017
Favorite Year-End Blockbuster
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Won
[102]

Saturn Awards
28 June 2017
Best Fantasy Film
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated
[103]

Best Supporting Actor
Dan Fogler
Nominated

Best Music
James Newton Howard
Nominated

Best Production Design
Stuart Craig
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

Best Make-up
Nick Knowles
Nominated

Best Special Effects
Tim Burke, Christian Manz and David Watkins
Nominated

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association
18 December 2016
Best Production Design
Stuart Craig and James Hambidge
Runner-up[a]
[104]

Teen Choice Awards
31 July 2016
Choice AnTEENcipated Movie
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Nominated
[105]

Visual Effects Society Awards
7 February 2017
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature
Tim Burke, Pablo Grillo, Christian Manz, David Watkins and Olly Young
Nominated
[106]

Outstanding Animated Performance in a Photoreal Feature
Gabriel Beauvais-Tremblay, Luc Girard, Laurent Laban and Romain Rico
Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
5 December 2016
Best Art Direction
Stuart Craig and Anna Pinnock
Nominated
[107]

text: Jump up ^ Tied with Jean Rabasse for Jackie and David Wasco for La La Land

text: Sequels[edit]

text: Initially, in October 2014, the studio announced the film would be the start of a trilogy. The sequel is set to be released on 16 November 2018, followed by the third on 20 November 2020.[108][109][110] In July 2016, David Yates confirmed that Rowling had written the screenplay for the second film and has ideas for the third.[111] In October 2016, Rowling confirmed that the series would comprise five films.[112] In November 2016 it was confirmed that Johnny Depp will have a starring role in the sequel, reprising his role as Gellert Grindelwald.[113] In April 2017, it was confirmed that Jude Law had been cast for the role of Albus Dumbledore at around the time he was the Transfiguration professor at Hogwarts.[114] The second film will take place in the United Kingdom and Paris.[115] Principal photography for the second film began in July 2017.[116]


document_title: Rick and Morty (season 3)

question_text: rick and morty season 3 episode 7 airing date

text: Rick and Morty (season 3)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters.

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Justin Roiland as Rick Sanchez and Morty Smith, the two main characters of the show; Rick is an eccentric mad scientist and Morty is his kind but easily distressed grandson.[2]
Chris Parnell as Jerry Smith, Rick's son-in-law and Morty's father; a simple-minded and insecure person, who disapproves of Rick's influence over his family.[2]
Spencer Grammer as Summer Smith, Rick's granddaughter and Morty's sister; a conventional teenager who worries about improving her status among her peers.[2]
Sarah Chalke as Beth Smith, Rick's daughter and Morty's mother; a generally level-headed person, who is dissatisfied with her marriage.[2]

text: Guest cast[edit]

text:
Nathan Fillion as Cornvelious Daniel, a galactic federation agent.[3]
Tony Hale as Eli, Summer's neighbor in a post-apocalyptic version of Earth.[4]
Joel McHale as Hemorrhage, the leader of the post-apocalyptic scavenger group Death Stalkers.[4]
Susan Sarandon as Dr. Wong, a family therapist.[5]
Danny Trejo as Jaguar, a human held prisoner by foreign government agents.[5]
Peter Serafinowicz as a foreign government agency director.[5]
Christian Slater as Vance Maximus Renegade Star Soldier, the leader of the superhero group The Vindicators.[6]
Gillian Jacobs as Supernova, a member of The Vindicators.[6]
Logic (Bobby Hall) as himself, a performer at a party.[6]
Lance Reddick as Alan Rails, a member of The Vindicators.[6]
Thomas Middleditch as King Tommy, a childhood friend of Beth.[7]
Keith David as President of the United States.[8]

text: Other cast members[edit]

text: Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Dan Harmon, Brandon Johnson, Tom Kenny, Maurice LaMarche, Nolan North, Cassie Steele, Kari Wahlgren, Laura Bailey, John DiMaggio, Ryan Ridley, Scott Chernoff, Dan Benson, Clancy Brown, Echo Kellum, Melique Berger, William Holmes, Tara Strong, Jeff B. Davis, Jonas Briedis, Phil Hendrie, Rob Paulsen, Alex Jayne Go, Jennifer Hale and Mariana Wise.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

22
1
"The Rickshank Rickdemption"
Juan Meza-León
Mike McMahan
April 1, 2017 (2017-04-01)
0.68[9][b]

Rick is interrogated via a mind-computer link, inside a galactic federal prison. Summer and Morty attempt to rescue him, but they are captured by SEAL Team Ricks, who take them to the Citadel of Ricks and decide to assassinate Rick. Back at the prison, Rick tricks both the federal agents and his aspiring assassins by switching bodies with them. He then teleports the entire Citadel into the federal prison, prompting a massive battle. Amid the confusion, Rick rescues Morty and Summer and uses the Galactic Federation's mainframe to make its currency worthless. The Federation falls into chaos and collapses as a result, with the aliens leaving Earth. Rick, Morty, and Summer return home, where Jerry gives Beth an ultimatum to choose between him and Rick. Beth chooses Rick and they decide to get a divorce. After the new status quo is established, Rick reveals to Morty that his ulterior motive was to become his de facto male influence. This escalates into a nonsensical angry rant, centered around Rick's desire to find more of the discontinued McDonald's Szechuan sauce, a promotional product for the 1998 film Mulan.

Post-credit scene: Tammy observes Bird Person's resurrection as a cyborg dubbed "Phoenix Person".

23
2
"Rickmancing the Stone"
Dominic Polcino
Jane Becker
July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
2.86[10]

Rick takes Morty and Summer to a Mad Max-esque version of Earth, where they are chased by a group of scavengers, known as Death Stalkers. Rick notices that the group is carrying a valuable rock of Isotope 322, so he and the kids join them in hope of stealing it. Summer falls in love with the Death Stalkers' leader, while Morty is given the strength of a giant arm, which takes him in search of its previous owner's killer. Rick leaves and replaces the kids with androids to fool Beth. When he returns, he helps the Death Stalkers use the Isotope to power a more advanced civilization. Summer doesn't like how the change softens the Death Stalkers, and she decides to follow Rick and Morty back home. Before leaving, Rick steals the Isotope. The experience helps the kids overcome their parents' divorce. Summer reconciles with Jerry, and Morty realizes he must live his own life.

Post-credit scene: As Jerry receives his unemployment check, a growling wolf appears and bullies him into handing it over. The wolf eats the check and regurgitates it, thus further ruining Jerry's new life.

24
3
"Pickle Rick"
Anthony Chun
Jessica Gao
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
2.31[11]

Rick turns himself into a pickle to get out of attending school-ordered family therapy, but Beth takes Rick's serum which would revert the transformation. Left alone, Rick eventually rolls down into an open sewer drain, where he manages to manipulate the nervous systems of dead roaches and rats to build himself a mobile exoskeleton, with added weapons such as razors and drills. He unwittingly escapes into a foreign government agency. The guards try to kill Rick, under orders from the agency director, but Rick kills them all. In the process, Rick battles and ultimately befriends a prisoner named Jaguar. Rick changes his mind and decides to attend the therapy session, arriving towards the end. Dr. Wong gives her diagnosis, observing that Rick crafts relationships that punish emotions and vulnerability. On their way home, Rick apologizes to Beth for deceiving her and uses the serum to turn human again. Morty and Summer wish to continue seeing Dr. Wong, but Rick and Beth ignore them.

Post-credit scene: Jaguar saves Rick and Morty from being killed in an elaborate piano death machine by a villain named "Concerto".

25
4
"Vindicators 3: The Return of Worldender"
Bryan Newton
Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
2.66[12]

At Morty's insistence, Rick agrees to join the Vindicators, a group of intergalactic superheroes, to fight their arch-nemesis, Worldender. Rick cannot hide his disdain for the superheroes, while Morty is thrilled. The next morning, the Vindicators enter Worldender's base, only to find that, the previous night, Rick had killed him and set up a variety of puzzles that the Vindicators must solve to survive while he was blackout drunk. They start arguing and kill one another, while Morty solves all the puzzles, as he knows what Rick had in mind when he put them up. After all puzzles are solved, the only ones left alive are Rick, Morty and Supernova, a member of the Vindicators. Supernova tries to kill Rick and Morty, but before she can do so, the three of them are transported to a party that Rick also set up while blackout drunk, where she gets away.

Post-credit scene: Gearhead tries to use a Vindicators vest to pick up some young girls, but when an alien terrorist attack strikes, he runs away eventually tripping and falling, breaking into pieces.

26
5
"The Whirly Dirly Conspiracy"
Juan Meza-León
Ryan Ridley
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
2.29[13]

To bolster Jerry's self-esteem, Rick takes him on an adventure at Morty's request. They visit an otherworldly resort within an immortality field so Jerry won't be harmed while away. Jerry encounters Risotto Groupon, an alien who blames Rick for his kingdom being usurped. Risotto enlists Jerry in a plot to kill Rick, but Jerry backs out after Rick apologizes for ruining his marriage. Meanwhile, Summer deals with self-esteem issues as well. Her boyfriend, Ethan, leaves her for a larger-breasted girlfriend, and Summer attempts to enlarge her own breasts using one of Rick's devices. Her aim is off, and she grows to freakish proportions. Morty wants to call Rick for assistance, but Beth refuses. Arrogantly trying to prove her own self-worth, Beth repeatedly fails to fix the problem and is tricked into releasing three tiny technical support workers that were trapped inside the machine. Once Morty figures out how the machine works, he restores Summer's size and spitefully uses it to deform Ethan in an act of vengeance.

Post-credit scene: The three tiny workers are enjoying their retirement next to a river. As an extremely deformed Ethan walks by, one of them is snatched by an eagle.

27
6
"Rest and Ricklaxation"
Anthony Chun
Tom Kauffman
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
2.47[14]

After a six-day outer space adventure that leaves them on the verge of psychological collapse, Rick and Morty decide to spend some time at an alien spa. There, they use a machine that extracts a person's negative personality traits. However, without Rick and Morty knowing, those traits are transposed into toxic physical counterparts, characterized by Rick's arrogance and Morty's self-loathing. On the other hand, the true Rick becomes more considerate, and Morty's confidence soars, which allows him to start dating girls. Toxic Rick uses a moonlight tower to remake the whole Earth in his own image, but the true Rick reverts the situation by merging back with him. Morty avoids merging back with his toxic counterpart and goes on to live a life as a stockbroker in New York City. Rick tracks him down with the help of Jessica, Morty's classmate, and restores order by re-injecting the negative personality traits into him.

Post-credit scene: A tour of the same moonlight tower releases Stacy, one of the girls Morty dated in the episode, who had been inadvertently trapped inside the toxin machine.

28
7
"The Ricklantis Mixup"[c]
Dominic Polcino
Dan Guterman & Ryan Ridley
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
2.38[15]

As Rick and Morty adventure to Atlantis, the episode shifts focus towards the Citadel, a secret society populated by numerous versions of Ricks and Mortys. There, a group of Mortys journey to a portal to have their wishes granted, a rookie cop Rick starts working with an experienced Morty cop to take down drug dealers and a worker Rick revolts at a wafer factory, where the key ingredient is extracted from a Rick hooked up to a machine to re-experience his best memories. Meanwhile, an election is held for the new president of the Citadel. Despite being the underdog, the Morty Party candidate manages to secure the presidency. When his campaign manager receives information that the new president is in fact Evil Morty from the first-season episode "Close Rick-counters of the Rick Kind", he attempts to assassinate him but he fails. Evil Morty orders the execution of a shadow council of Ricks and anybody else he considers a potential threat to his rule.

Post-credit scene: Rick and Morty return home from Atlantis, satisfied with their trip. Morty wonders what happened at the Citadel, but Rick tells him it will likely have no effect on their lives.

29
8
"Morty's Mind Blowers"
Bryan Newton
Mike McMahan, James Siciliano, Ryan Ridley,
Dan Guterman, Justin Roiland & Dan Harmon
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
2.51[16]

After Morty requests to have a traumatic memory deleted, Rick reveals a room where he has been storing a number of memories he has removed from Morty's mind. However, as it turns out, besides the memories that Morty didn't want to keep from their adventures, the room also contains memories in which Rick was made to look foolish, so he had them forcibly removed from Morty. This revelation prompts a fight, during which Rick and Morty have their memories accidentally erased. Morty scours the memories to replace the ones he lost, but he is displeased with the truth he finds, and convinces Rick to both kill themselves. Summer enters the room moments before they commit suicide. At this point, it is revealed that Rick has a contingency plan should this happen. Summer, following written instructions, tranquilizes Rick and Morty, restores their memories and drags them to the living room. Rick and Morty wake up on the couch, believing that they slept through an entire "Interdimensional Cable" episode.

Post-credit scene: Jerry discovers a box labeled "Jerry's Mind Blowers", which contains a memory of him being accidentally responsible for the death of an alien.

30
9
"The ABC's of Beth"
Juan Meza-León
Mike McMahan
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
2.49[17]

Rick and Beth enter Froopyland, a fantasy world created by Rick for young Beth. Their goal is to recover Tommy, Beth's childhood friend who's been trapped in Froopyland, and prevent the execution of his father, who is being falsely accused of eating him. Tommy, who has survived all these years by resorting to bestiality, incest and cannibalism, refuses to return to the real world. Rick and Beth manage to save his father's life by creating a clone of Tommy. Back at home, Beth is presented with the option of having a replacement clone of her created, so that she will be free to travel the world. Meanwhile, Jerry dates an alien hunter named Kiara, to Morty and Summer's dismay. When he decides to get out of the relationship, Kiara is enraged and tries to kill the kids, whom she holds responsible. The situation is resolved following the revelation that Kiara was using Jerry to get over her previous boyfriend, much like Jerry was doing with her.

Post-credit scene: Jerry's answering machine plays messages warning him that Kiara's boyfriend is coming to kill him, and Rick saying that he has killed Kiara's boyfriend, but also had sex with her.

31
10
"The Rickchurian Mortydate"
Anthony Chun
Dan Harmon
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
2.60[18]

The President calls on Rick and Morty to defeat a monster in the tunnels underneath the White House, which they do with little effort. Annoyed that he constantly calls on them without any gratitude, they go back home, with the President quickly finding out. The resulting argument leads to a battle of egos that culminates in a fight in the White House between Rick and the President's security. Meanwhile, fearing she might be a clone made by Rick, Beth reunites with Jerry to figure out the truth. Shortly after, the entire family gets together to hide from Rick, but he tracks them down. Rick eventually submits to Jerry once again being a family-member. Rick ends his conflict with the President by pretending to be Fly Fishing Rick, a Rick from a different reality, and calling a truce. The episode ends with the family happy to be together again, except for Rick who is disappointed by this outcome.

Post-credit scene: Mr. Poopybutthole returns to apologize for not appearing in Season 3, but he has gotten married and has a wife and son. He ends the scene by saying that it will be a long wait until Season 4.

text: Production[edit]

text: On August 12, 2015, Adult Swim announced that the series had been renewed for a third season.[19] Roiland reportedly began writing on November 2, 2015.[20] Mike McMahan announced that the first episode was recorded on February 18, 2016.[21] On February 5, 2017, Dan Harmon, answering questions regarding the delayed release, announced on his podcast, Harmontown, that the show was in the animation process, after a long period of writing.[22] On June 24, 2017, Harmon wrote a series of posts on Twitter, explaining that the writing process took that long to complete because of his perfectionism.[23] As a result, the third season of the show consisted of only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended.[24]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The season currently holds a 98% approval rating from review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 8.77 out of 10 and an audience score average of 4.7 out of 5.[25] Jesse Schedeen of IGN described the third season of the show as darker and more unpredictable than the first two, and praised its high-concept storytelling and character development. Schedeen gave the season an 8.8 out of 10 rating, saying that it "didn't quite reach the heights of Season 2, but it is the series' most consistently entertaining and ambitious season yet."[26] Julia Alexander of Polygon highlights the philosophical conflict between nihilist realism and life in ignorant bliss as the season's main theme, and notes that "after an introspective season built on the importance of self-realization and reflection, Rick and Morty’s third year ended on a total reset", with Beth and the kids seeking comfort through escapism and ignoring the realities of their lives.[27]

text: The McDonald's Szechuan sauce reference in the season premiere brought huge online attention for the discontinued promotional product.[28] Internet memes spread rapidly on Reddit and Twitter,[29] more than 40,000 people signed a petition at Change.org, asking for the return of the sauce,[30] while an eBay auction resulted in a 20-year-old packet of this teriyaki sauce being sold for $14,700.[31] On October 7, 2017, McDonald's served limited quantities of Szechuan sauce, with the company calling it "the year’s most talked-about dipping sauce."[32]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The third season of Rick and Morty premiered unannounced on April 1, 2017. The remaining episodes began airing weekly four months later, on July 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Rickshank Rickdemption" premiered unannounced and re-ran for four hours straight with improving ratings. This is the viewership of only the first broadcast of the episode.
Jump up ^ An alternate title used for this episode is "Tales from the Citadel".


document_title: List of television stations in North Carolina

question_text: what channel is fox in greenville north carolina

text: Full-power stations[edit]

text: VC refers to the station's PSIP virtual channel. RF refers to the station's physical RF channel.

text:
Area served

City of license

VC

RF

Callsign

Network

Notes

Asheville

Asheville

13

13

WLOS

ABC

MyNetworkTV , SD simulcast of WMYA-TV on 13.2, Antenna TV on 13.3, Stadium on 13.4

Asheville

Canton

27.2

27.2

WUNW

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillThe Explorer Channel on 27.1, PBS Kids on 27.3, The North Carolina Channel on 27.4

Asheville

Asheville

33

25

WUNF-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 33.2, The Explorer Channel on 33.3, The North Carolina Channel on 33.4

Asheville

Asheville

62

45

WYCW

CW

Now airing over WSPA transmitter
62.1: CW; 62.3: GET-TV

Charlotte

Charlotte

3

23

WBTV

CBS

Bounce TV on 3.2, Grit on 3.3

Charlotte

Charlotte

9

34

WSOC-TV

ABC

Telemundo on 9.2

Charlotte

Hickory

14

40

WHKY-TV

Ind.

Charlotte

Linville

17.2

17.2

WUNE-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillThe Explorer Channel on 17.1, PBS Kids on 17.3, The North Carolina Channel on 17.4

Charlotte

Charlotte

18

27

WCCB

CW

Antenna TV on 18.2, Me-TV on 18.3, QVC on 18.4

Charlotte

Charlotte

36

22

WCNC-TV

NBC

Justice Network on 36.2, Decades on 36.3

Charlotte

Charlotte

42

11

WTVI

PBS

NHK World on 42.2, Create on 42.3

Charlotte

Belmont

46

47

WJZY

Fox

Movies! on 46.2, Heroes & Icons on 46.3, Ion-TV on 46.4

Charlotte

~Rock Hill, SC

55

39

WMYT-TV

MNT

Buzzr on 55.2, SonLife Broadcasting Network on 55.3, LightTV on 55.4

Charlotte

Concord

58

44

WUNG-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 58.2, The Explorer Channel on 58.3, The North Carolina Channel on 58.4

Charlotte

Kannapolis

64

50

WAXN-TV

Ind.

GetTV on 64.2, Escape on 64.3, Laff on 64.4

Greensboro

Greensboro

2

51

WFMY-TV

CBS

Justice Network on 2.2, WeatherNation TV on 2.3

Greensboro

High Point

8

35

WGHP

Fox

Antenna TV on 8.2, This TV on 8.3

Greensboro

Winston-Salem

12

31

WXII-TV

NBC

Me-TV on 12.2

Greensboro

Burlington

16

14

WGPX-TV

Ion

Greensboro

Lexington

20

31

WCWG

CW

Bounce TV on 20.4
transmitter surrendered in FCC auction, now airing over WXII-TV transmitter

Greensboro

Winston-Salem

26

32

WUNL-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 26.2, The Explorer Channel on 26.3, The North Carolina Channel on 26.4

Greensboro

Greensboro

43

43

WLXI

Ind.

Greensboro

Winston-Salem

45

29

WXLV-TV

ABC

American Sports Network on 45.2, Grit on 45.3

Greensboro

Greensboro

48

33

WMYV

MNT

GetTV on 48.2, Comet on 48.3

Greenville

Washington

7

32

WITN-TV

NBC

MyNetworkTV on 7.2, Me-TV on 7.3

Greenville

Greenville

9

10

WNCT-TV

CBS

The CW on 9.2

Greenville

New Bern

12

12

WCTI-TV

ABC

Decades on 12.2, Movies! on 12.3

Greenville

Greenville

14

47

WYDO

Fox

Bounce TV on 14.2

Greenville

Jacksonville

19.2

19.2

WUNM-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillThe Explorer Channel on 19.1, PBS Kids on 19.3, The North Carolina Channel on 19.4

Greenville

Greenville

25

23

WUNK-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 25.2, The Explorer Channel on 25.3, The North Carolina Channel on 25.4

Greenville

Jacksonville

35

34

WPXU-TV

Ion

Greenville

Greenville

38

26

WEPX-TV

Ion

Raleigh

Chapel Hill

4

25

WUNC-TV

PBS

PBS Kids on 4.2, The Explorer Channel on 4.3, The North Carolina Channel on 4.4

Raleigh

Raleigh

5

48

WRAL-TV

NBC

Heroes & Icons on 5.2

Raleigh

Durham

11

11

WTVD

ABC

Live Well Network on 11.2, Laff on 11.3

Raleigh

Goldsboro

17

17

WNCN

CBS

Justice Network on 17.3 and Escape on 17.4

Raleigh

Raleigh

22

27

WLFL

CW

American Sports Network on 22.2, TBD on 22.3, and Antenna TV on 22.4

Raleigh

Durham

28

28

WRDC

MNT

Grit on 28.2, Comet on 28.3

Raleigh

Wilson

30

42

WRAY-TV

Ind.

Raleigh

Roanoke Rapids

36.2

36.2

WUNP-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillThe Explorer Channel on 36.1, PBS Kids on 36.3, The North Carolina Channel on 36.4

Raleigh

Fayetteville

40

38

WUVC-DT

Uni.

Raleigh

Rocky Mount

47

15

WRPX-TV

Ion

Raleigh

Raleigh

50

49

WRAZ

Fox

Me-TV on 50.2

Raleigh

Fayetteville

62

36

WFPX-TV

Ion

Wilmington

Wilmington

3

46

WWAY

ABC

CBS on 3.2, The CW on 3.3

Wilmington

Wilmington

6

44

WECT

NBC

Bounce TV on 6.2, Escape on 6.3

Wilmington

Wilmington

26

30

WSFX-TV

Fox

This TV on 26.2, Grit on 26.3

Wilmington

Wilmington

39

29

WUNJ-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 39.2, The Explorer Channel on 39.3, The North Carolina Channel on 39.4

~Myrtle Beach, SC

Lumberton

31

31

WUNU

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 31.2, The Explorer Channel on 31.3, The North Carolina Channel on 31.4

~Norfolk, VA

Edenton

2

20

WUND-TV

PBS

satellite of WUNC-TV ch. 4 Chapel HillPBS Kids on 2.2, The Explorer Channel on 2.3, The North Carolina Channel on 2.4

~Norfolk, VA

Manteo

4

9

WSKY-TV

Ind.

Escape on 4.2, Laff on 4.3

text: Defunct full-power stations[edit]

text:
Channel 8: WFXI - Fox - Morehead City (1988-2017)
Channel 18: WFLB-TV - ABC/CBS/NBC - Fayetteville (8/29/1955-6/20/1958)
Channel 20: WCWG-TV - CW - Lexington
Channel 26: WTOB-TV - ABC/DuMont - Winston-Salem (9/18/1953-5/11/1957)
Channel 28: WNAO-TV - ABC/CBS/NBC/Dumont - Raleigh (7/12/1953-12/31/1957)
Channel 36: WAYS-TV - ABC/NBC/DuMont - Charlotte (12/7/1953-3/15/1955)
Channel 36: WUTV - ABC/CBS/NBC - Charlotte (9/5/1961-5/16/1963)
Channel 48: WUBC - Ind. - Greensboro (11/6/1967-7/26/1970)
Channel 62: WISE-TV - CBS - Asheville

text: Low-powered digital stations[edit]

text:
Channel 8 (RF channel 8): WAUG-LD - Independent - Raleigh
Channel 10 (RF channel 15): WILM-LD - Independent/Me-TV - Wilmington
Channel 11 (RF channel 11): WMTO-LD - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 13 (RF channel 31): WUBX-CD - Durham, etc.
Channel 13: WBXU-CA - Raleigh
Channel 14 (RF channel 14): WPDZ-LD - Buxton (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 14 (RF channel 14): WTNG-CD - Religious independent/The Family Channel/PBJ/WLPS-FM - Lumberton, North Carolina-Pembroke (Myrtle Beach, SC)
Channel 17 (RF channel 17): W17CT-D - Silent - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 18 (RF channel 18): W18BB-D - America One - Elizabeth City (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 20 (RF channel 20): WDZA-LD - Silent - Wilmington
Channel 21 (RF channel 21): W21CK-D - 3ABN/Radio 74 - Charlotte
Channel 21 (RF channel 21): WTMH-LD - Heartland/Antenna TV/Retro TV - Kinston (Greenville)
Channel 21 (RF channel 48): WHWD-LD - Daystar/WSIC - Statesville (Charlotte)
Channel 22 (RF channel 22): W22EN-D - Silent - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 24 (RF channel 24): WILT-LD - (CBS/Me-TV) - Wilmington
Channel 24 (RF channel 24): WLNN-LP - Independent - Boone
Channel 24 (RF channel 24): W24CP-D - 3ABN/Radio 74 - Durham (Raleigh)
Channel 25 (RF channel 25): WDMC-LD - Daystar - Charlotte
Channel 26 (RF channel 26): WDRL-LD - Silent - Wilmington
Channel 26 (RF channel 40): WTNC-LD - GetTV/Bounce TV/UniMás/Univision - Durham (Raleigh)
Channel 27 (RF channel 22): WIRP-LD - Silent - Fayetteville
Channel 28 (RF channel 28): WGTB-CD - The Walk TV/WOGO - Charlotte
Channel 28 (RF channel 28): W28CJ-D - Silent - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 29 (RF channel 35): WTMV-LD - Cozi TV/Antenna TV/Heroes & Icons/Movies! - Ogden
Channel 29 (RF channel 41): WTMQ-LD - Heartland/Antenna TV/Tuff TV - Jacksonville (Wilmington)
Channel 31: W31AZ - Religious independent - Hendersonville
Channel 31 (RF channel 31): WHIG-CD - Independent - Rocky Mount (Raleigh)
Channel 33: WHIG-LP - Rocky Mount
Channel 34: WACN-LP - Raleigh
Channel 34 (RF channel 34): WARZ-CD - Retro TV - Smithfield-Selma (Raleigh)
Channel 34 (RF channel 40): WDRN-LD - Daystar - Fayetteville (Raleigh)
Channel 41: W41BQ - 3ABN - Asheville (Greenville, SC)
Channel 41 (RF channel 41): WRZY-LD - Buxton (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 41 (RF channel 21): WNCR-LD - Youtoo America - Tarboro (Raleigh)
Channel 43 (RF channel 43): WHFL-CD - Religious/The Walk TV - Goldsboro (Raleigh)
Channel 44 (RF channel 44): WYBE-CD - Pinehurst
Channel 45 (RF channel 45): W45CL-D - Silent - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 46 (RF channel 46): W46EU-D - HSN - Raleigh
Channel 46: WBFT-CA - Sanford
Channel 47 (RF channel 14): WIED-LD - Silent - Greenville
Channel 47: WPEM-LP - Religious independent - Lumberton (Myrtle Beach, SC)
Channel 47: W47CK - Shallote (Wilmington)
Channel 47 (RF channel 47): WGSR-LD - Independent - Reidsville (Greensboro)
Channel 49 (RF channel 49): WQDH-LD - Silent - Wilmington
Channel 50 (RF channel 50): WASV-LP - Heartland/Retro TV/PBJ/Tuff TV - Asheville (Greenville, SC)
Channel 50 (RF channel 50): WHOB-LD - GCN - Buxton (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 51: W51DF - Manteo
Channel 51 (RF channel 51): W51CW-D - TBN - Wilmington
Channel 54 (RF channel 44): WRTD-CD - Independent - Raleigh
Channel 56 (RF channel 24): W24EC-D - Silent - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 59 (RF channel 30): W30DN-D - Silent - Manteo (Norfolk, VA)
Channel 66 (RF channel 45): WWIW-LD - Daystar - Raleigh

text: Translators[edit]

text:
Channel 6: WMTO-LP - Moyock
Channel 16 (RF channel 15): WNCB-LD - Estrella TV - Fayetteville
Channel 18 (RF channel 43): WADA-LD - Estrella TV - Wilmington
Channel 22 (RF channel 22): WDQB-LD - Silent - Wilmington
Channel 24 (RF channel 24): WILT-LD - Independent/Me-TV - Wilmington
Channel 26 (RF channel 15): W15EF-D - PBS/PBS Kids/PBS Encore/North Carolina Channel - Sparta
Channel 33 (RF channel 19): W19CR-D - PBS/PBS Kids/PBS Encore/North Carolina Channel - Tryon
Channel 41 (RF channel 41): WHEH-LD - Azteca America/Festiva TV/Informercials/Tuff TV/AccuWeather Channel/Newsmax TV/Informercials - Lumberton
Channel 49 (RF channel 50): W50EQ-D - Silent - Lumberton