document_title: Bree Van de Kamp

question_text: who is the father of bree's baby

question_tokens: who is the father of bree 's baby

text: Bree Van de Kamp

text: Character profile[edit]

text: Bree Van de Kamp is one of the four main protagonists in Desperate Housewives. Bree grew up in Rhode Island when her father married a woman named Eleanor, after her mother's death, with whom she did not get along. In order to escape her stepmother's demands, Bree left for Lake Forest College near Chicago. Bree also mentioned on one of Eleanor's visits that she had to work for every kind word she ever was given from her step-mother. Bree met Rex Van de Kamp at a meeting of the Young Republicans. After they graduated, they married and had two children, Andrew and Danielle, and moved to Fairview.

text: Bree is very much written as an exaggerated version of the characteristics often attributed to White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Americans; she has been called a "hyper-uptight WASP."[3] Bree is recognized for her perfectionist attitude and work ethic, which at times border on neurosis and obsessive–compulsive disorder. While the writers have shied away from an official diagnosis, the character is recognised as suffering from obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. The character herself refers to her "quirks" in terms of anal retentiveness but Rex once mentioned it by the name. Bree's perfectionism may stem from when her mother was killed in a hit and run: a 10-year-old Bree cleaned her blood off the road outside the house. She said that once everything was spotless, she felt much better.

text: Bree is known for her homemaking talents on the level of Martha Stewart, particularly her gourmet meals, breakfast treats and pineapple bran muffins. She is also well-versed in firearm training; she owns four guns and is a card-carrying member of the National Rifle Association. Bree supports the Republican Party, as stated in the season 3 opener, and is also known for being a member of the local Presbyterian church, as shown in the episode Sunday. Her neighbours Angie Bolen, Gabrielle Solis and Renee Perry have nicknamed her 'Nancy Reagan' on occasions. She has lived at 4354 Wisteria Lane in Fairview since 1994 and is also said to have a timeshare residence in Aspen that she never uses. Bree is based on creator Marc Cherry's own mother, and the Van de Kamp family is based on the family in which he grew up. Bree's family was based on Marc Cherry's teen years, while Lynette Scavo's family is based on Marc Cherry's childhood years.[4] Bree and her first husband, Rex, were both named after the overtly vain characters on two of Marc Cherry's previous failed sitcoms, The 5 Mrs. Buchanans (Bree) and The Crew (Rex).

text: Both of Bree's marriages have broken down and ended in divorce (Rex, however, died before their divorce was finalized). Following the request for divorce, both of Bree's former husbands attempted reconciliation with her. Rex succeeded, whereas her second husband Orson Hodge did not. During the breakdown of her second marriage, Bree had an affair with Karl Mayer, her divorce lawyer and ex-husband of her friend, Susan Delfino. Bree, however, did remarry in the series finale to her lawyer, Trip Weston, making him her third husband.

text: Bree is the only one of the main four housewives not to appear in every episode. Appearing only as a stand-in in "My Husband, The Pig", Bree is totally absent in its six following episodes ("Dress Big", "Liaisons", "God, That's Good", "Gossip", "Into the Woods" and "What Would We Do Without You?") due to Cross' pregnancy.

text: Overview[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Bree Van de Kamp is introduced in season one as the "perfect" wife and mother. However, it becomes apparent that her emotional coldness and obsession with appearance makes her family resent her and as her husband Rex put it "I just can't live in this detergent commercial anymore."

text: She insists she and Rex have marriage guidance counselling when he wants a divorce and demands that Andrew and Danielle refuse presents from their father if they want to continue living with her. Unfortunately, in Andrew's case, this leads to him drink-driving and accidentally knocking down Juanita Solis, leaving her seriously injured. Rex and Bree conceal this to protect him but Bree is soon disappointed with his lack of remorse. Determined to make him realize that there are consequences to his actions, she reveals, in an anonymous tip-off to the coach of the swimming team, that Andrew keeps marijuana in his locker. This discovery results in him being removed from the team. Bree is determined to keep her family together until Rex has a heart attack, leading her to discover that he regularly visited a prostitute. Worse still, the prostitute turns out to be an acquaintance of hers, Maisy Gibbons, who is later arrested for living off immoral earnings. Maisy is persuaded to do a deal with the District Attorney, naming her clients and despite a request from Bree, does not remove Rex's name. Furious, Bree tells Rex she will divorce him but is "persuaded" by Andrew and Danielle to look after him, while he recuperates from a heart attack. Initially wanting to hurt him, Bree starts dating local pharmacist, George Williams, but ends things when Rex asks her to give their marriage another chance. She and George agree to be just friends. Wanting to stop Rex visiting prostitutes, she reluctantly takes part in S&M scenarios with him.

text: Concerned about Andrew's worsening behaviour, she is cheered when Rex backs her up on one occasion. Unfortunately this doesn't make any difference so Rex and Bree feel that they have no choice but to send Andrew away to a boot camp. While there, Andrew reveals to his parents that he is bisexual. Bree initially tells him that she will always love him regardless but quietly insists to Rex that they take Andrew home immediately, worried about what he might be doing with the other boys at night, and asks their vicar to give Andrew some counselling on lifestyle, believing that his soul is in danger. This has disastrous results, as Andrew thinks she doesn't love him and deliberately hurts her. Bree continues to confide in George about her family problems but, after Rex makes it clear that Bree will stay with him, George begins tampering with Rex's medication. This is uncovered when Rex has a second heart attack. Believing Bree was responsible, Rex writes a note forgiving her and dies. Bree's final scenes in the season involve her receiving the bad news and breaking down in tears.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: In Season 2, Bree's mother-in-law, Phyllis (Shirley Knight), visits for her son's funeral. She so annoys Bree with her constant sniping and excessive displays of grief that Bree tells her that she cannot attend Rex's funeral, but Andrew persuades her to. The final straw, however, is when she discovers Phyllis reported her friendship with George to the company handling Rex's life insurance. Bree sends Phyllis home and is questioned by the police about meddling with Rex's medication. She is cleared and is furious when she discovers the note Rex had left her which claimed he thought she murdered him and she starts dating George. However, George constantly tries to rush things, making her uneasy. When George places an announcement of their engagement in the local paper, an ex-fiancée of his visits Bree to warn her about him. Bree is horrified and sends the woman away but she is proved right when George loses his temper with an old school friend of Bree's, so she ends their relationship. He tries blackmailing her into a reconciliation by taking some pills and admits killing Rex. Devastated, Bree says that she has called an ambulance and it will be there soon, but in reality, she hasn't. She watches him die and tells Andrew, who tries blackmailing her for his trust fund.

text: Events with Rex, George and Andrew take their toll and she starts drinking heavily. She realizes she has a problem when she loses Lynette's children after passing out while babysitting. Andrew later begins making accusations about Bree physically abusing him and tries to seek emancipation rights, which Bree refuses. In denial, but not wanting Andrew to get his trust fund or give up on him, Bree joins AA but only takes it seriously after passing out in a shop changing room and not waking up until late at night. Her AA sponsor, Peter, and a security guard let her out. Bree also faces more turmoil when she discovers her new neighbours, the Applewhites are hiding from the police and is blackmailed into silence. To distract herself from her alcoholism, she has a brief relationship with Peter, who is addicted to sex. However, Andrew discovers this and seduces Peter to get revenge on Bree for denying him his trust fund. She dumps Peter and throws Andrew out after discovering that they slept together and in her bed.

text: Bree's mental health deteriorates rapidly following this and nobody can help her as her behaviour becomes erratic and spirals out of control including creating a scene at Danielle's birthday party. Danielle, meanwhile, starts dating Matthew Applewhite and moves out to be with him. However, Matthew's mother, Betty Applewhite, realizes Matthew murdered an ex-girlfriend, Melanie Foster. She tells Bree, who has checked herself into a psychiatric unit and later escapes after they refuse to let her leave. Bree and Betty rush to Bree's house to find Matthew and Danielle have taken money from Bree's safe. Bree confronts Matthew about Melanie and refuses to let them leave, so he threatens to shoot her, but the police, called by Betty, shoot him first. Bree then has to console Danielle. Bree's final scenes involve her beginning a new friendship with the mysterious Orson Hodge.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Season three sees Bree marrying Orson after a six-month relationship, but their marriage is troubled by the belief that Orson physically abused his first wife, Alma (Valerie Mahaffey), and murdered her. Shortly after the wedding, Orson persuades Andrew to come home and they reconcile.

text: However, the arrival of Orson's mother, Gloria (Dixie Carter), and Alma's return, cause more trouble. They drug and rape Orson but Bree intervenes, learning that Gloria murdered Orson's mistress, Monique Polier, so he would stay with Alma. Gloria tries to kill Bree but Orson intervenes. Gloria has a severe stroke after Orson holds her head under water to get her to let go of the knife about to be used to kill Bree. Orson carries Gloria's body outside and places it next to Alma's body after she died when falling from the roof of her house.

text: Danielle, meanwhile, finds herself pregnant by Edie's nephew Austin (Josh Henderson). She is sent away so the neighbourhood won't learn of her pregnancy and Bree and Orson decide to fake a pregnancy so they can raise Danielle's child as their own.

text: Bree is not in episodes 3.16 to 3.22 as she is on honeymoon with Orson and Danielle. Bree returns for Gabrielle and Victor's wedding, heavily pregnant or so it seems...

text: Season 4[edit]

text: In season four, Bree and Orson struggle to make people think she is pregnant but is dismayed by people wanting to feel the baby move. Phyllis, Rex’s mother, discovers Bree’s pregnancy hoax and tries convincing Danielle to raise the child herself. Bree and Orson, however, persuade Danielle to give them the baby by offering to send her to college and buy her a convertible. Danielle has a baby boy and gives him to Bree — who names him Benjamin Tyson Hodge (surname later changed to Katz) — and agrees that Bree and Orson will raise him.

text: Bree develops a rivalry with new neighbor, Katherine Mayfair. Bree and Katherine are very similar, leading to a series of feuds before eventually becoming friends and go into business together, catering dinner parties.

text: After a tornado damages Bree’s house, she, Orson and Benjamin stay with Susan, and Orson admits being responsible for putting Mike in a coma. Horrified, Bree kicks him out. During their separation, Edie Britt comes onto Orson, leading to a feud between her and Bree. Edie discovers Benjamin is Bree's grandson and attempts to blackmail her. Bree, however, tells the other housewives the truth, so they all snub Edie.

text: In the season finale, Katherine saves Bree’s life by telling her ex-husband, Wayne, her secrets. When Katherine kills Wayne, Bree and the other housewives tell the police that Katherine was terrified of a stalker so she doesn't go to prison.

text: When the events of the series shift ahead by five years in the fourth-season finale, it is revealed that Bree is now a famous cookbook author and her son, Andrew, works with her as her assistant. Bree and Orson have evidently worked out their problems and are still together.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: The fifth season opens with Bree just having published her own cookbook, and successfully running the catering business. She and Orson reconcile after he went to prison for running over Mike. A flashback sequence reveals that while Bree awaited Orson's release, Danielle returned and took Benjamin, leaving her completely alone. Devastated, Bree relapsed into alcoholism but overcame it, thanks to Katherine.

text: Bree puts her career first, alienating her friends at times and causing a rift between her and Orson. In revenge, Orson begins stealing - initially to punish people who he feels have been rude, and to hurt Bree. Orson agrees to stop stealing, but when Bree learns that he was injured while attempting to rob an old woman (which led to Edie Britt's death) and that he has been trying to convince people that the old woman is senile, she decides she has had enough. She hires Karl Mayer as her divorce lawyer, who convinces her to stage a fake burglary so she can hide her precious/expensive things in a storage unit and not risk losing them in the divorce proceedings. However, Orson discovers her plan, threatening to send her to prison for insurance fraud unless she stays with him. Bree agrees reluctantly but shares a passionate kiss with Karl.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: In the first episode, Bree is unwilling to sleep with Karl, despite her marriage being strained. Orson, however, is determined to salvage their relationship, commenting that guilt is sometimes necessary for happiness, and defending his use of blackmail so that she'll stay with him. Bree takes this motto as her own and consummates her affair with Karl.

text: When Julie is hospitalized after being attacked, Bree worries that she will lose Susan's friendship on hearing that Susan would hypothetically no longer talk to a friend who dated Karl. However, Karl's fragility convinces Bree he needs her and she begins falling for him, acknowledging her feelings when they attend the same event and Karl brings another woman. This distracts her from her business and only realises the extent of Katherine's instability when an event is ruined. Bree dismisses her and, after getting to know new neighbour, Angie Bolen, hires her instead. Meanwhile, Karl's romantic gestures make their affair harder to hide. Suspicious, Orson gets Angie to spy on Bree. She discovers the tryst but confronts Bree, who explains that she connects intellectually with Orson but sexually with Karl, and is worried that their relationship will only ever be physical, despite his promises to change.

text: Bree's fears are realized when Susan also finds out about her and Karl. They fight, but despite her initial unhappiness, Susan eventually gives them her blessing. In order to get away from Orson, Karl suggests Bree threaten him, which she does, indicating she has evidence of him breaking his parole, and demands a divorce. Stunned, Orson tells Bree that he wouldn't send her to prison for fraud and goes to pack, but discovers her affair with Karl. They fight and Bree tries intervening but when an airplane crashes into Wisteria Lane, Karl is killed and Orson is paralyzed. Feeling guilty, Bree insists Orson come home so she can look after him but he is disgusted by her infidelity and takes advantage. Angry about his lack of manners and personal hygiene, Bree hoses him down but stops when he explains how angry he is with the way his life is now. Wanting to help, Bree gets two disabled men to visit, but Orson asks her to let him kill himself, telling her that he wants to die because no one loves him. When asked, Bree can't say the words, but seeing Orson trying to drown himself at a party of an old married couple with such passion causes Bree to realize that she still wants things to work with Orson. She stops him by telling him how much she cares and wants to recapture what they once had, and they reconcile.

text: A young man named Sam Allen (Sam Page) visits Bree, offering himself as a new assistant. Impressed by Sam's skills, Bree promotes him to vice-president, much to Andrew's anger. While visiting Sam's home, Bree is stunned to see a photo of Rex and Sam. Sam admits Rex was his father and that he spent years watching Bree's family, wondering why Rex chose them over him, and after his mother's death, came to see Bree. Shocked by this, Bree welcomes Sam into her life but finds herself at odds with Andrew, who suspects Sam has an ulterior motive. Sam plots to make Bree fire Andrew, which she does, but after she reveals that she and Andrew have a love-and-hate relationship, it's likely that Andrew will return. After she tells Orson about a sabotaged dinner, suspecting Andrew, Orson says Andrew couldn't be responsible because it was well planned, making Bree suspect Sam's true intentions. She discovers that Sam's mother is still alive and reveals that Sam found a letter from Rex, offering to take full custody of him. Bree confronts Sam about his lies and he angrily smashes a vase before leaving. She apologizes to Andrew but tells him and Orson she's not firing Sam for fear of how he might react.

text: In the season finale, Bree does try firing Sam but he retaliates by revealing he knows how Andrew ran over Carlos' mother years before (a drunken Danielle told him). He threatens to tell the police unless Bree turns over control of the company to him. Bree agrees to do so and then says she feels sorry for Sam for losing his chance to be part of a family and suspects no one will ever truly care for the man. Orson, who had not known what Andrew did, calls out Bree on the hypocrisy of demanding he go to jail for his hit-and-run of Mike but hiding Andrew's crime. He is both appalled and furious at Bree for this and announces he's moving out. Bree tells Andrew she now knows Orson was right and is seen about to confess to Gabrielle.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: Bree confesses to covering up the demise of Carlos' mom Mama Solis (Lupe Ontiveros). Gabrielle chooses not to tell her husband. After discovering her ex-husband has a new girlfriend only a week after they separated, Bree decides to redecorate the ground floor of her house, hiring Keith Watson (Brian Austin Green), to help but finds herself attracted to him. While looking at him from her car, she does not see Juanita Solis (Madison De La Garza) behind her before reversing, leading to Juanita being admitted to hospital. Upon finding out that Keith has a girlfriend, she agreed to go out clubbing with Renee Perry. She finds out that Keith broke up with his girlfriend, but he is instead going home with Renee. Bree sabotages their night and eventually asks Keith on a date. This begins Bree and Renee's fight over Keith.

text: Later Bree only mentioned to Richard Watson, father of Keith, that she's finally a divorcee. Learning this, Richard, who has been having feelings for Bree, tries to make a move to destroy Bree's and Keith's relationship so that he could have Bree instead. Keith attempts to propose to Bree and after the second failed attempt, Keith begins to question his relationship with Bree. Richard manipulates Keith's mind by warning him that Bree might be using him as a diversion from her actual feelings after her divorce from Orson. As a result, Keith begins to avoid Bree. Richard then kisses Bree all of a sudden and after he leaves, Bree tells Keith everything about his father's attempts to tear them apart. Later, Keith confronts Richard about this and has a fistfight with him but when rioters, who are opposing Paul Young's plan to open a halfway house for ex-convicts on Wisteria Lane, see the two fight, they mistaken him as an ex-convict due to his tattoos and ex-convict-like clothing and begin to beat Keith up. Bree breaks up the fight by firing a gun into the sky and this triggers fear and panic among the rioters and supporters for the halfway house alike, thinking this is an assassination attempt, proceed to flee, resulting in a riot that goes out of control.

text: Bree is thrown when Orson returns, claiming he was dumped by his girlfriend. Keith is annoyed at how Bree is willing to let Orson stay with them. Over dinner, Orson makes it clear he doesn't think Keith is a good choice for Bree as they have nothing in common and Orson understands her more, the two throwing food at one another. Bree goes to see Orson's ex, who reveals that Orson was the one who broke up with her as he's still in love with Bree. She confronts him and Orson confesses how he feels and thinks Bree is too good for Keith. Keith is angered at Bree continuing to want Orson to stay with them, saying that she's still in love with Orson. Bree responds by shoving him down in her manure-covered lawn, getting herself dirty to prove how much she's changed. When one of Keith's old girlfriends comes by, Bree is suspicious and discovers the woman has been raising Keith's son. She mentions children to Keith, who seems unsure whether he is father material. Bree goes to the girlfriend, lying about how Keith doesn't want to know the child. Keith finds her cutting up her roses as she says "you have to be ruthless to protect what you want." Bree meets the woman later to lend her money and when she leaves her son in Bree's care, Keith drops by the pizza parlor. Seeing Keith and the boy instantly bonding, Bree is overcome with guilt and confesses to Keith that the boy is actually his son. Keith desperately wants to be with his son, but he doesn't want to leave Bree, he pitches the idea of moving to Florida with Bree but she refuses to leave her home and friends. The next day Bree makes the ultimate decision and tells Keith that he must go to Florida for his son. She sacrifices their relationship and Keith leaves.

text: Bree discovers that Andrew has started drinking again, so much so that his husband leaves him. She encourages Andrew to go into rehab but is jarred when he decides to make amends by telling Carlos about running over his mother. When Carlos invites Andrew on a camping trip, Bree and Gabrielle fear the worst and follow them. Seeing Carlos with a bloody towel and a dirty shovel, Bree blurts out what Andrew did, just before her son enters the cabin. Carlos is outraged over this but eventually forgives Andrew. However, when Bree comes to thank him for not pressing charges, Carlos coldly tells her he won't forgive her for hiding the truth all these years and that they're no longer friends and that she and Gabby can no longer be friends. Bree ends up taking Gabby and her daughters into her house when Gabby leaves Carlos after telling him that she will not end her friendship with Bree. While the Solis' are staying with Bree she has a run in with Detective Chuck Vance (Jonathan Cake) who was on Wisteria Lane to check on parolee Felicia Tillman. Juanita Solis calls the police and tells them that Bree is trying to kill her and Celia (after Carlos tells her Bree's involvement in her grandmother's death). Chuck responds to the call at Bree's home and Carlos sorts everything out, explaining that the girls misunderstood what he had told them. Chuck leaves and gives Bree his number and the Solis' move out of Bree's and back with Carlos.

text: Chuck later returns to give Bree his number again after assuming she'd lost it since he hasn't received a call from her. Bree then agrees to go out on a date with him that night and when Bree tells this to Renee, Renee runs a background check on Chuck and reveals to Bree that he's still married (though he had filed for divorce a year ago). At dinner, Bree confronts Chuck with this information but Chuck retaliates by telling her that he had also run a background check on her, therefore becoming more aware of Bree's past. Offended, Bree abruptly ends their date and as Chuck drives her home, Chuck catches a hooker in the street and brings her back to the women's center. There, Chuck tells the hooker (who believes that she'll be a hooker forever) that she can turn her life around, pretending to reveal that Bree once was a prostitute and she had turned over a new leaf by going to school and starting a massive catering company. Moved by Chuck's whole-heartedly words, Bree gives Chuck a second chance and the two agree to go out on another date afterwards.

text: During the "progressive dinner party" celebrating Susan's return to Wisteria Lane, Bree (along with Lynette and Susan) walks into Gaby's house to discover that Carlos has murdered Alejandro Perez, Gaby's stepfather. She spearheads the decision to cover up the murder to protect Carlos, thus earning his forgiveness for keeping the secret about his mother's hit-and-run for all those years.

text: Season 8[edit]

text: Following their agreement to cover up the murder of Alejandro, Bree's relationship with Chuck begins to suffer. She finds herself constantly paranoid that he will discover her involvement, and uses sex as a way to distract him. She then receives a note exactly like the one Mary Alice received when she shot herself. She then seeks out the counsel of Paul Young, asking if he was the one who sent it. Upset over the fact that Bree may still judge him for his past he sends her away. However, he later calls her back urging her to tell the other housewives to spare her Mary Alice's fate, and reveals to her the only other person who he told about the note to was the cop who was looking into Martha Huber's death, Chuck. At first suspicious, Bree decides to break up with Chuck when he tries to propose. He does not take it well, telling her she is making a big mistake. Danielle returns, having been dumped by her husband and Bree is at first supportive until she finds her daughter is now selling adult swings to make money.

text: Having avoided church over her guilt in hiding Alejandro, Bree is convinced to help Ben Faulkner in a soup kitchen. When a passing college student raves over her cooking, the kitchen is soon home to regular people, not the homeless and Bree realizes that's wrong. She tells everyone to leave, giving a speech on how this is meant to help the less fortunate. Ben is impressed and has Bree give a speech to the city council to convince them to let Ben build a homeless shelter in Fairview. At first happy about helping, Bree is horrified to realize the spot Ben is about to break ground on is where the girls buried Alejandro. She, Gabrielle and Lynette go to dig the body back up only to find it gone. It turns out Ben found it earlier, thinking he was just a drifter and Bree convinces him to help keep it quiet. However, Bree soon finds Chuck is suspicious and putting together clues to prove what the girls did. The pressure soon drives Bree to break her sobriety and pour herself a drink.

text: Chuck starts to dig deeper into Gabrielle's stepfather's disappearance. Gabrielle tells Bree that Chuck brought them in for questioning and Bree snaps, causing her to head to a motel. When she arrives she sits at a table in her room, pulls out a bottle of wine and a gun, and begins talking to the spirit of Mary Alice. Bree asks her asking if she is happy after having killed herself who replies, "I'm not unhappy". Bree is ready to kill herself when Renee kicks in the door, mistakenly believing Bree is with Ben. After yelling, threatening to hit her and telling her she's "nothing more than a skank in a Nancy Reagan nightie", Renee noticies the gun and the note. After reading it she takes Bree home and stays there to make sure she's okay. When Renee says she won't let a friend die, Bree points out they're not quite friends, hurting Renee. She confesses to Bree how her own mother committed suicide and makes Bree see it's not the way out. Bree is happy at first, more so when she hears Chuck was killed in a hit-and-run. However, when she opens her mailbox, she finds a note saying "You're welcome."

text: Renee takes Bree to a bar, encouraging her to live a little and Bree ends up going with a man, skinny-dipping in a pool before the owner of the house comes home. Bree soon is going to bed with a succession of men which gets the Reverend concerned about her behavior. Determined to show he's wrong, Bree comes to the bake sale where she meets one of her lovers, only to discover he's married. When Karen McCluskey says that they do not know what Bree is really like, Bree decides to live up her reputation as the new town slut. Bree is soon bed-hopping to the point where she hits upon a man in a bar without remembering she had gone home with him just two nights previously. When they hear about Renee taking Bree to a bar, her friends try and stage an intervention at which point Bree reaches boiling point and blasts them for their less than friend like behavior recently. At the bar, she's approached by a man and realizes how far she's fallen, ready to go home. The man follows her to the parking lot, threatening to assault Bree only to be interrupted by a wheelchair-bound Orson. He uses a taser to knock the man out, telling Bree her friends called him to help and if there's one thing they did well together, it was "cleaning up each other's messes." Orson soon convinces Bree that the girls are still angry at her and to go away with him for a weekend. What Bree doesn't know is that Orson has been stalking her for months, seeing the girls bury Alejandro's body and he was the one leaving Bree the notes as part of his warped scheme to win her back. Bree soon discovers the truth while visiting Orson's apartment and despite his claims he did it all for her, she says she wants nothing to do with him. Orson calls her later, claiming that their love requires sacrifice and Bree believes he's going to kill himself. Instead, Orson mails a folder of evidence to the Fairview Police.

text: Bree is surprised when Andrew comes home, engaged to a woman named Mary Beth. Learning she's an heiress, Bree suspects Andrew is just marrying her for her money. Mary Beth tells Bree she knows Andrew is gay but is still willing to marry him as she's been unlucky in love. Bree convinces Mary Beth to find a man who truly loves her and she breaks up with Andrew. Andrew is upset at losing a chance at the money but Bree tells him he can stay with her and accept her help getting back on his feet.

text: Meanwhile, the police become suspicious of Bree and the murder of Gaby's stepfather and the help of his cover-up, so they tread carefully in trying to get proof that she is one of the suspects. They interview her, and she says that she has nothing to do with it. But as she was drinking her cup of tea, her fingerprints were on the mug. The fingerprint that the police found on the body, and the fingerprint on Bree's cup match. The police go and talk to Ben, still about the murder of Alejandro. Ben keeps Bree's secret, and the police leave, with no more evidence than the fingerprint. - But they do not stop there: a detective tracks down a call of Bree to Ben that night regarding Alejandro's murder, and they record it.

text: In order to defend herself, Bree asks Bob Hunter for legal advice, but he tells her she needs a crime lawyer. He recommends lawyer Trip Weston, whom he calls a "shark". Bree goes to trial but does not tell Trip all the truth, and is about to go to prison until Mrs. McCluskey confesses the murder of Alejandro herself, after Bree and the girls agree to take care of her during her last days of life. Bree is acquitted of all charges. In the end, Bree ends up getting married to Trip and moving to Louisville, Kentucky where she joins a club for conservative women. Later she is encouraged by Trip to run for the city council, then the following November she is elected to the Kentucky Legislature.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical[edit]

text: Bree has received wide acclaim, both for the character's storylines, and for Cross' portrayal.[5] In a review of the pilot, Tim Goodman from the San Francisco Chronicle called Cross "almost too perfect as uptight Bree", and applauds her for "managing to give the character more shadings than merely insanely perfect."[6] At the commencement of the second season, Bree was widely considered the series' most prominent role,[7] following the first year's emphasis on Susan Mayer.[8] Though a drop in quality was noted in the second season,[9] Bree's battles with alcohol, her teenage son, and her murderous pharmacist lover, while continuing to deal with the death of her husband, were well received, and considered the focal point of the series in light of the lagging Applewhite mystery. Cross retained her centre-stage position for the show's third season, which widely focused upon the mystery surrounding her new husband Orson.[10] Critics noted an improvement in quality from the second season to the third,[11] and many deemed Bree's storyline to be the most satisfying of the season, as well as noting a "loss of steam" during Cross' maternity leave at the latter part of the season.[12] Season 4's "fake pregnancy" storyline continued to satisfy critics, with one calling it the series' most "hysterical [storyline] yet", and singling Cross out for praise.[13][14] Her friction with Katherine Mayfair was also noted as a highlight. Following the five year leap, a new direction was taken with Bree's character as she made the transition from housewife to author/businesswoman, a development which received positive reception.[15] This change in character development was continued into season 6, with another side to Bree's personality being shown, which includes an affair with Karl Mayer. Critics lauded the comic relief provided by these developments,[15] as well as the more poignant and emotional turn mid-season as Bree deals with Orson's paralysis.[16] In Season 7, Bree finds herself newly divorced and embarks on a relationship with Keith Watson, a move which was praised for allowing "the for-so-long uptight Bree letting her hair down and having some fun for a change."[17] By the climax of season 7, Bree is central in covering up the murder of Gabrielle's stepfather, a move which was praised as a sound set up for the final season.[18]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Marcia Cross has received widespread acclaim for her portrayal of Bree. For her work on the second season of the show, she garnered the Satellite Award for Best Actress - Television Series Musical or Comedy (her second nomination), and has also received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series twice as part of the cast (being nominated a further three times).

text: In 2005, Cross was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series[19] for her performance in the season one episode, "Running to Stand Still". She also made the Top 10 Pre-Nomination Finalist listing for the same award three subsequent times, for her work on the second-season episode "Next", third-season episode "Listen to the Rain on the Roof", and fourth-season episode "Now You Know". She has received three nominations at the Golden Globe Awards, for Best Actress in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy,[20] for her work on the first three seasons of the show, and has also received three nominations at the Prism Awards (for Performance in a Comedy Series, in relation to Bree's alcoholism), and a nomination from the Television Critics Association for Individual Achievement in Comedy in 2005.

text: Cultural influences and impact[edit]

text: Bree is spoofed in MADtv's Desperate Housewives parody,[21] in which they mock the character's plastic exterior and demeanor. In a 2006 interview with Charmed Magazine, Michelle Stafford admitted that her character Mandi in Charmed episode "Desperate Housewitches" was almost entirely modeled on Marcia Cross as Bree. Looking at pictures and episodes of Bree to gain a sense of her posture and body language, she laughed, "I'm just mimicking her. I'm just ripping her off."

text: In 2007, Madame Alexander released a line of 16-inch fashion dolls of the series' main characters, including Bree.[22]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Bree is the only housewife who doesn't appear in every episode
Bree has been accused of murder three times:

First with her husband Rex,
then with her ex-boyfriend Chuck Vance
and again with Gaby's stepfather Alejandro.

Bree is the only housewife who remains financially stable through the entire series.
Bree was the first housewife to become a grandmother.
Bree has spearheaded the cover-up of a murder three times:

in Guilty,
Free, and
Come on Over for Dinner


document_title: 1907 Punjab unrest

question_text: who is associated with agrarian unrest of 1907 in the punjab

root

text: 1907 Punjab unrest

text: The 1907 Punjab unrests were a period of unrest in the British Indian province of Punjab, principally around the Colonisation bill that was implemented in the province in 1906. This timeline has often been called the beginning of the freedom movement in Punjab. Important leaders of this movement include Lala Lajpat Rai, Het Thakkar, among others.

tag: p

text: Colonisation Bill[edit]

text: The Colonisation Bill was passed in 1906. The Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 had already caused a feeling of discontent among the elite urban classes, and the Colonisation Bill provided for transfer of property of a person after his death to the government if he had no heirs. The Government could sell the property to any public or private developer.This was completely against the social conditions prevailing in the region and hence it was rejected by all the sides.[citation needed]

text: Agitation[edit]

text: The agitation against these measures of the Government was led by Lala Lajpat Rai, he called for "extreme measures". The first of the protests was organised in the Chenab Colony, which was supposed to be the most affected by this bill. The first protest saw various organisations submitting memoranda to the government to redress their grievances, but the government failed to pay any heed to these documents. This agitation was followed by a protest at Lyallpur. These agitations led to the formation of secret societies like Anjuman-i- Muhibhan-i- Watan, the founder of which was Ajit Singh, a Jat Sikh who was believed to have the backing of Lajpat Rai. This period saw mass agitations which finally ended in the deportation of both Rai and Ajit Singh.


document_title: List of New York Knicks head coaches

question_text: who is the coach of the ny knicks

question_tokens: who is the coach of the ny knicks

text: List of New York Knicks head coaches

text: Key[edit]

text:
GC
Games coached

W
Wins

L
Losses

Win%
Winning percentage

#
Number of coaches[a]

*
Spent entire NBA head coaching career with the Knicks

Elected into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach

tag: table

text: Coaches[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are as of February 8, 2016.

text:
#
Name
Term[b]
GC
W
L
Win%
GC
W
L
Win%
Achievements
Reference

Regular season
Playoffs

1
Cohalan, NeilNeil Cohalan*
1946–1947
60
33
27
.550
5
2
3
.400

[5]

2
Lapchick, JoeJoe Lapchick*
1947–1956
573
326
247
.569
60
30
30
.500

[6]

3
Boryla, VinceVince Boryla*
1956–1958
165
80
85
.485
—
—
—
-1—

[7]

4
Levane, AndrewAndrew Levane
1958–1959
99
48
51
.485
2
0
2
.000

[17]

5
Braun, CarlCarl Braun*
1959–1961 (as player-coach)
127
40
87
.315
—
—
—
-1—

[8]

6
Donovan, EddieEddie Donovan*
1961–1965
278
84
194
.302
—
—
—
-1—

[9]

7
Gallatin, HarryHarry Gallatin
1965
63
25
38
.397
—
—
—
-1—

[18]

8
McGuire, DickDick McGuire
1965–1967
177
75
102
.424
4
1
3
.250

[19]

9
Holzman, RedRed Holzman
1967–1977
783
466
317
.595
95
54
41
.568
1969–70 NBA Coach of the Year
2 Championships (1970, 1973)
One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history[4]
[3]

10
Reed, WillisWillis Reed
1977–1978
96
49
47
.510
6
2
4
.333

[20]

9.1—
Holzman, RedRed Holzman
1978–1982
314
147
167
.468
2
0
2
.000
One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history[4]
[3]

11
Brown, HubieHubie Brown
1982–1986
344
138
190
.401
18
8
10
.444

[21]

12
Hill, BobBob Hill
1986–1987
66
20
46
.303
—
—
—
-1—

[22]

13
Pitino, RickRick Pitino
1987–1989
164
90
74
.549
13
6
7
.462

[23]

14
Jackson, StuStu Jackson
1989–1990
97
52
45
.536
10
4
6
.400

[24]

15
MacLeod, JohnJohn MacLeod
1990–1991
67
32
35
.478
3
0
3
.000

[25]

16
Riley, PatPat Riley
1991–1995
328
223
105
.680
63
35
28
.556
1992–93 NBA Coach of the Year
One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history[4]
[26]

17
Nelson, DonDon Nelson
1995–1996
59
34
25
.576
—
—
—
-1—
One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history[4]
[27]

18
Van Gundy, JeffJeff Van Gundy
1996–2001
420
248
172
.590
69
37
32
.536

[28]

19
Chaney, DonDon Chaney
2001–2004
184
72
112
.391
—
—
—
-1—

[29]

20
Williams, HerbHerb Williams*
2004
1
1
0
1.000
—
—
—
-1—

[10]

21
Wilkens, LennyLenny Wilkens
2004–2005
81
40
41
.494
4
0
4
.000
One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history[4]
[30]

20.1—
Williams, HerbHerb Williams*
2005
43
16
27
.372
—
—
—
-1—

[10]

22
Brown, LarryLarry Brown
2005–2006
82
23
59
.280
—
—
—
-1—

[31]

23
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas
2006–2008
164
56
108
.341
—
—
—
-1—

[32]

24
D'Antoni, MikeMike D'Antoni
2008–2012
288
121
167
.420
4
0
4
.000

[33]

25
Woodson, MikeMike Woodson
2012–2014
188
109
79
.580
17
7
10
.412

[34]

26
Fisher, DerekDerek Fisher*
2014–2016
136
40
96
.294
—
—
—
—

[35]

27
Rambis, KurtKurt Rambis
2016
28
9
19
.321
—
—
—
—
—
[36]

28
Hornacek, JeffJeff Hornacek
2016–Present
82
31
51
.378
—
—
—
—
—
[37]

text:
Red Holzman was the 1969–70 NBA Coach of the Year, and won 2 championships (1970, 1973).

Rick Pitino was the coach for the Knicks from 1987 to 1989.

Pat Riley was the coach for the Knicks from 1991 to 1995.

Jeff Van Gundy was the coach for the Knicks from 1996 to 2001.

Mike Woodson was the Knicks' head coach from 2012 to 2014.

Jeff Hornacek is the Knicks head coach.

tag: ul

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a A running total of the number of coaches of the Knicks. Thus, any coach who has two or more separate terms as head coach is only counted once.
b Each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.


document_title: Table 19

question_text: who does eloise end up with in table 19

question_tokens: who does eloise end up with in table 19

text: Table 19

text: Plot[edit]

text: Eloise McGarry attends the wedding of her oldest friend Francie Millner. It's discovered that she was originally maid of honor but "dropped out" two months ago after her ex boyfriend Teddy, the bride's brother and the best man, broke up with her by text after two years together. Teddy is now back with his old girlfriend Nikki, who has replaced Eloise as maid of honor. At the reception, Eloise discovers she has been seated at Table 19. While she considers leaving early, she meets a man named Huck who notices her looking distressed and offers words of advice which are not well received.

text: Eloise decides to stay and meets her table mates: Jerry and Bina Kepp, Facebook friends with the groom's father who own a chain of diners; high-schooler Renzo Eckberg, whose parents are acquaintances of the groom and who came to the wedding in the hopes of meeting a girl; Jo Flanagan, Francie's childhood nanny; and Walter Thimble, the bride's cousin who is currently on parole. The table debates whether table 19 is a "good table," to which Eloise responds that before getting dumped she planned half the wedding and knows for a fact that table 19 is for "guests that should have known not to show up."

text: As the newlyweds come in the reception hall and start dancing, Eloise starts feeling insecure and accepts a dance from Huck, whom she kisses. He declines to sit down with her and she realizes he is crashing the wedding and that "Huck" isn't his real name.

text: Although the six initially have difficulty finding anything to talk about, they swiftly band together when Jo realizes that Eloise is pregnant. The table confronts Teddy about dumping Eloise after she told him about the baby, and he reveals he dumped her because she said they would be ridiculous parents and he was tired of disappointing her. During this confrontation the wedding cake is destroyed as Eloise backs into it, knocking it onto Teddy. Bitter at this development and feeling unappreciated at the wedding, the Table 19 denizens quickly conceal the cake mishap, and go to Jo's room to smoke pot and converse about their reasons for attending the wedding. Walter reveals he went to prison for stealing 125,000 from the father of the bride, but only did so because he was conned into taking it by his former friend. Renzo tells the group that the wedding is the same night as his junior prom, but his mom encouraged him to come to the wedding instead as he would "probably have a better chance of meeting someone." Jo believes that the children she has cared for have now completely forgotten about her. Going out for a walk, Jerry offers Renzo some advice about how to pick up girls, while Eloise realizes that Jo has cancer. Jo admits that she is probably 'due' the same time Eloise will give birth. Eloise says she thinks she's having a girl and Jo asks that she not name her "Jo" as it's a tough name for a girl. Bina and Jerry fight and she tells him the reason she came to the wedding was to have an affair with an old flame, who has not shown up. They fight about their marriage, and Bina heads back inside with Walter.

text: On Jo's recommendation, the six attempt to find the wedding crasher that Eloise had encountered earlier, with the aid of the wedding photographer and the hotel reception staff. They learn that "Huck" is actually the groom from another wedding. As payback, Walter steals Huck's wedding cake to replace the one they destroyed earlier.

text: Returning to the wedding, Table 19 is visited by the bride and groom, who express genuine happiness that everyone there has attended. Francie and Eloise talk briefly, and Francie apologizes that Eloise was seated so far away from her for the reception, and Eloise decides to leave early. Francie then assures Jo that she has not forgotten her, telling a brief but touching childhood story about Teddy, inspiring the table to see him in a new light. The rest of the table tracks down Eloise and encourages her to tell him how she really feels. As the core wedding party leaves the hotel on a ferry, she shouts out an apology to him from the dock, but he's unable to hear.

text: Eloise, Walter, Jo, and Renzo return to the wedding hall for the last of the cake. In their room, the Kepps discuss their fragile marriage and reconcile before joining the others. The mood significantly changes when Teddy suddenly appears, dripping wet from apparently jumping off the boat and swimming to shore, and asks Eloise to repeat what she was trying to yell to him. Eloise asks that they both continue to be willing to forgive each other and they reconcile. Renzo asks the band to play them another song to which everybody dances, including Teddy.

text: A few months later, Jo has died of cancer and the Kepps are now happy and taking care of her dog. Renzo has a new girlfriend, and Walter refers to the other Table 19 guests as his family. Eloise and Teddy are together and have a son, who they have named Joe. The movie ends with Eloise and Teddy mailing birth announcements to their friends and family, including all the guests from Table 19.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anna Kendrick as Eloise McGarry
Craig Robinson as Jerry Kepp
June Squibb as Jo Flanagan
Lisa Kudrow as Bina Kepp
Stephen Merchant as Walter Thimble
Tony Revolori as Renzo Eckberg
Wyatt Russell as Teddy
Amanda Crew as Nikki
Thomas Cocquerel as Huck
Becky Ann Baker as Carol Millner
Andy Daly as Luke Pfaffler
Maria Thayer as Infamous Kate Millner
Andy Blitz as Notorious Donny Haczyk
Rya Meyers as Francie Millner
Margo Martindale as Freda Eckberg

text: Production[edit]

text: In April 2009, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired the film, with Jay Duplass and Mark Duplass set to direct their own screenplay.[5] In October 2011, Jeffrey Blitz was brought in to rewrite the script and direct the film.[6][7] On March 24, 2015, it was announced that Anna Kendrick, Craig Robinson, Lisa Kudrow, Stephen Merchant, Tony Revolori, June Squibb, Wyatt Russell, and Amanda Crew would star in the film.[8]

text: Principal photography began in the Atlanta area on March 27, 2015, and ended on April 30, 2015.[7][9][10] While the plot places the wedding at a resort on an island in the fictional "Lake Alma", in Michigan, filming took place on the Lake Lanier Islands, northeast of Atlanta and at The Ritz-Carlton Reynolds on Lake Oconee, southeast of Atlanta.[11] Other scenes were filmed in Douglasville, west of Atlanta.[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: In February 2016, it was announced that John Swihart would score the film.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was originally scheduled to be released on January 20, 2017,[13] before being pushed back to March 3.[14]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 26% based on 105 reviews, with a weighted average of 4.5/10. The film's critical consensus reads, "Table 19 is marginally more entertaining than actually sitting with a table full of strangers at a wedding—although most screenings won't come with an open bar, which makes it a wash."[15] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 40 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[16]


document_title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)

question_text: where was the movie breakfast at tiffany's filmed

question_tokens: where was the movie breakfast at tiffany 's filmed

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Early one morning, a taxi pulls up at Tiffany & Co. on Fifth Avenue in New York City, from which elegantly dressed Holly Golightly (Audrey Hepburn) emerges. After looking into the shop's windows, she strolls home. Outside her apartment, she fends off Sid Arbuck (Claude Stroud), her date from the disastrous night before. Inside the apartment building, Holly can't find her keys so she buzzes her landlord, Mr. Yunioshi (Mickey Rooney), who begrudgingly lets her in. Later, she is awakened by new neighbor Paul Varjak (George Peppard), who rings her doorbell to get into the building. The pair chat as she dresses to leave for her weekly visit to Sally Tomato (Alan Reed), a mobster incarcerated at Sing Sing prison. Tomato's lawyer, O'Shaughnessy, pays her $100 a week to deliver "the weather report".

text: As she is leaving for Sing Sing, Holly is introduced to Paul's "decorator", wealthy older woman Emily Eustace Failenson (Patricia Neal), whom Paul nicknames "2E". That night, Holly goes out onto the fire escape to elude an over-eager date (Mel Blanc). She peeks into Paul's apartment and sees 2E leaving money and kissing Paul goodbye. After 2E leaves, Holly enters Paul's apartment and learns that he is a writer who has not had anything published since a book of vignettes five years before. Holly, in turn, explains that she is trying to save money to support her brother Fred when he gets out of the Army. The pair fall asleep, but are awakened when Holly has a nightmare about Fred. She later buys Paul a typewriter ribbon to apologize and invites him to a party at her apartment. There, Paul meets her Hollywood agent, O. J. Berman (Martin Balsam), who describes Holly's transformation from country girl into Manhattan socialite. He is also introduced to José da Silva Pereira (José Luis de Vilallonga), a wealthy Brazilian politician, and Rusty Trawler (Stanley Adams), the "ninth richest man in America under 50".

text: In the days that follow, Paul and Holly become closer. The next day, 2E enters Paul's apartment, worried that she is being followed. Paul tells her that he will investigate and eventually confronts Doc Golightly (Buddy Ebsen), Holly's estranged husband. Doc explains that Holly's real name is Lula Mae Barnes. They married when she was 14, and he wants to take her back to Texas, as Fred will be returning. After Paul reunites Holly and Doc, she tells Paul the marriage was annulled. At the bus station, she tells Doc she is not going with him. Doc leaves broken-hearted.

text: After drinking at a club, Paul and Holly return to her apartment, where she drunkenly tells him that she plans to marry Trawler for his money. A few days later, Paul learns that one of his short stories will be published. On the way to tell Holly, he sees a newspaper headline stating that Trawler has married someone else. Holly and Paul agree to spend the day together, taking turns doing things that each has never done before. At Tiffany's, Paul has the ring from Doc Golightly's box of Cracker Jack engraved as a present for Holly. After spending the night together, he awakens to find her gone. When 2E arrives, Paul ends their relationship. She calmly accepts, having earlier concluded that he and some other woman are in love.

text: Holly schemes to marry José for his money, which angers Paul. After Holly receives a telegram notifying her of Fred's death, she trashes her apartment. Months later, Paul has moved out. He is invited to dinner by Holly, who is leaving the next morning for Brazil to continue her relationship with José. However, they are arrested in connection with Sally Tomato's drug ring, and Holly spends the night in jail.

text: The next morning, Holly is released on bail and finds Paul waiting, and they take a cab. He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest. Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway, asks the cab to pull over, and releases the cat into the rain. Paul confronts Holly about his love and her behavior, then leaves, tossing the Cracker Jack ring they had engraved for her by Tiffany's into her lap and telling her to examine her life. She goes through a decision making moment, puts on the ring, and runs after Paul, who has gone looking for the cat. She searches the alley and finally finds the cat. Paul and Holly look into each other's eyes and share a kiss.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Audrey Hepburn as Holly Golightly / Lula Mae Barnes
George Peppard as Paul Varjak (nicknamed "Fred" by Holly, for his resemblance to her brother)
Patricia Neal as Mrs. Emily Eustace "2E" Failenson
Buddy Ebsen as Doc Golightly
Martin Balsam as O.J. Berman
Mickey Rooney as I.Y. Yunioshi
Alan Reed as Sally Tomato
José Luis de Vilallonga as José da Silva Pereira (credited as Vilallonga)
Stanley Adams as Rutherford "Rusty" Trawler
John McGiver as Tiffany's salesman
Dorothy Whitney as Mag Wildwood
Claude Stroud as Sid Arbuck
Orangey as the cat (credited as "Cat"; Frank Inn, Trainer)
Beverly Powers as the stripper (credited as Miss Beverly Hills)
Elvia Allman as the librarian
Mel Blanc as Holly's over-eager date (uncredited)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Oscar-nominated screenplay was written by George Axelrod, loosely based on the novella by Truman Capote. Changes were made to fit the medium of cinema and to correspond to the filmmakers' vision.

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Capote, who sold the film rights of his novella to Paramount Studios, wanted Marilyn Monroe to play Holly Golightly, whom he had described perfectly in the book. Barry Paris cites Capote's own comments on the choice of actress: "Marilyn was always my first choice to play the girl, Holly Golightly." Screenwriter Axelrod was hired to "tailor the screenplay for Monroe". When Lee Strasberg advised Monroe that playing a "lady of the evening" would be bad for her image, she turned it down and performed in The Misfits instead. When Hepburn was cast instead of Monroe, Capote remarked: "Paramount double-crossed me in every way and cast Audrey".[4] Shirley MacLaine was also offered the part of Holly, but she turned it down and performed in Two Loves instead.[5]

text: Originally producers Martin Jurow and Richard Shepherd had picked John Frankenheimer as the director,[citation needed] but Hepburn said: "I've never heard of him" and he was replaced on her request.

text: Principal photography[edit]

text: Most of the exteriors were filmed in New York City, except the fire escape scenes and the alley scene at the end in the rain where Holly puts Cat out of the cab and then Paul and Holly look for Cat. All of the interiors, except for portions of the scene inside Tiffany & Company, were filmed on the Paramount Studios lot in Hollywood.[citation needed]

text: According to one report the film's on-location opening sequence, in which Holly gazes into a Tiffany's display window, was extremely difficult for director Blake Edwards to shoot. Although it was simple in concept, crowd control, Hepburn's dislike of pastries, and an accident that nearly resulted in the electrocution of a crew member are all said to have made capturing the scene a challenge. However, another report claims that the sequence was captured rather quickly due to the good fortune of an unexpected traffic lull.[6]

text: Music[edit]

text:
“
It took me a long time to figure out what Holly Golightly was all about. One night after midnight I was still trying. I don't drink much, but I was sipping. And it came to me. I wrote ["Moon River"] in half an hour.
”

— Henry Mancini[7]

text: During the film, Hepburn sang the film's signature song, "Moon River" by Henry Mancini and Johnny Mercer. The song was tailored to Hepburn's limited vocal range, based on songs she had performed in 1957's Funny Face.[8] On the Anniversary Edition DVD of Breakfast at Tiffany's co-producer Richard Shepherd says in his audio commentary that after a preview in San Francisco, Martin Rankin, Paramount's head of production, wanted "Moon River" replaced with music by somebody like Gordon Jenkins (whose album Manhattan Tower had been out fairly recently): "Marty [Jurow, co-producer] and I both said 'over our dead bodies.'"[9] According to Mancini and Edwards, a studio executive hated the song and demanded it be cut from the film; Hepburn, who was present, responded to the suggestion by standing up and saying, "Over my dead body!"[10]

text: According to Time magazine, Mancini "sets off his melodies with a walking bass, extends them with choral and string variations, varies them with the brisk sounds of combo jazz. 'Moon River' is sobbed by a plaintive harmonica, repeated by strings, hummed and then sung by the chorus, finally resolved with the harmonica again."[7]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Time magazine noted "for the first half hour or so, Hollywood's Holly (Audrey Hepburn) is not much different from Capote's. She has kicked the weed and lost the illegitimate child she was having, but she is still jolly Holly, the child bride from Tulip, Texas, who at 15 runs away to Hollywood to find some of the finer things of life—like shoes." It pointed out that "after that out-of-Capote beginning, Director Blake Edwards (High Time) goes on to an out-of-character end."[11] Almost a half century later, Time commented on the pivotal impact of Hepburn's portrayal of Golightly:[12]

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's set Hepburn on her 60s Hollywood course. Holly Golightly, small-town Southern girl turned Manhattan trickster, was the naughty American cousin of Eliza Doolittle, Cockney flower girl turned My Fair Lady. Holly was also the prototype for the Hepburn women in Charade, Paris When It Sizzles, and How to Steal a Million: kooks in capers. And she prepared audiences for the ground-level anxieties that Hepburn characters endured in The Children's Hour, Two for the Road and Wait Until Dark.

text: The New York Times called the film a "completely unbelievable but wholly captivating flight into fancy composed of unequal dollops of comedy, romance, poignancy, funny colloquialisms and Manhattan's swankiest East Side areas captured in the loveliest of colors". In reviewing the performances, the newspaper said Holly Golightly is

text: as implausible as ever. But in the person of Miss Hepburn, she is a genuinely charming, elfin waif who will be believed and adored when seen. George Peppard is casual and, for the most part, a subdued citizen who seems to like observing better than participating in the proceedings. Martin Balsam makes a properly brash, snappy Hollywood agent. Mickey Rooney's bucktoothed, myopic Japanese is broadly exotic. Patricia Neal is simply cool and brisk in her few appearances as Mr. Peppard's sponsor and Vilallonga, is properly suave and Continental as Miss Hepburn's Brazilian, while Buddy Ebsen has a brief poignant moment as Miss Hepburn's husband.[13]

text: Truman Capote hated Hepburn in the lead part. Capote biographer Gerald Clarke, deemed the film a "valentine" to free-spirited women rather than a cautionary tale about a little girl lost in the big city. "The movie is a confection — a sugar and spice confection."[14]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews from 49 critics and gives the film a rating of 88%, with an average rating of 7.4 out of 10. The site's consensus states: "It contains some ugly anachronisms, but Blake Edwards is at his funniest in this iconic classic, and Audrey Hepburn absolutely lights up the screen."[15]

text: Influence[edit]

text: Hepburn as Holly, with her hair in a high chignon and carrying an oversized cigarette holder, is considered one of the most iconic images of 20th century American cinema.[16] Another iconic item throughout the movie is Holly's sunglasses. Often misidentified as Ray-Ban, they are Manhattan sunglasses designed and manufactured in London by Oliver Goldsmith. In 2011 the model was re-released to mark the 50th anniversary of Breakfast at Tiffany's.[17] One of three dresses designed by Givenchy for Hepburn for possible use in the film sold at auction by Christie's[18] on December 5, 2006 for £467,200 (~US$947,000), about seven times the reserve price.[19] The "Little Black Dress" by Givenchy, worn by Hepburn in the beginning of the film, is cited as one of the most iconic items of clothing in the history of the twentieth century and is, perhaps, the most famous little black dress of all time.[20][21][22][23] A second "little black dress" in Breakfast at Tiffany's, along with its wide-brimmed hat, was worn by Hepburn as Holly when she goes to visit mobster Sally Tomato at Sing Sing Prison. This dress was paid homage as one of the dresses worn by Anne Hathaway's character Selina Kyle, Catwoman's alter ego, in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises; the comic book Catwoman character was originally drawn based on Hepburn, according to Catwoman comic cover artist Adam Hughes, creating a double homage to Hepburn's Holly Golightly in Hathaway's Catwoman.[24]

text: The film rejuvenated the career of 1930s movie song-and-dance man and Disney Davy Crockett sidekick Buddy Ebsen, who had a small but effective role in this film as Doc Golightly, Holly's ex-husband. His success here led directly to his best-known role as Jed Clampett on The Beverly Hillbillies.[25]

text: A diamond necklace at Tiffany's that Hepburn scorned as too flashy, was the Tiffany Yellow Diamond, which she wore in publicity photos for the film. Tiffany's profile, while already established as a pre-eminent luxury retailer, was further boosted by the film.[26]

text: Portrayal of Mr. Yunioshi and Yellowface controversy[edit]

text: For his portrayal of I. Y. Yunioshi, Mickey Rooney wore makeup and a prosthetic mouthpiece to change his features to a caricatured approximation of a Japanese person. Since the 1990s, this portrayal has been subject to increasing protest by Asian Americans, among others. For instance, in the film Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story (1993), Breakfast at Tiffany's is used as an illustration of Hollywood's racist depiction of Asian people when Bruce Lee and his future wife, Linda, see the film and Linda suggests they leave when she notices that Bruce is upset at Rooney's caricatured performance.

text: In his audio commentary for the DVD release, producer Richard Shepherd said that at the time of production as well as in retrospect, he wanted to recast the role "not because he [Rooney] didn't play the part well" but because Shepherd thought the part of Mr. Yunioshi should be performed by an actor of Japanese ethnicity; it was director Blake Edwards' decision to keep Rooney.[27] In a "making-of" for the 45th anniversary edition DVD release, Shepherd repeatedly apologizes, saying, "If we could just change Mickey Rooney, I'd be thrilled with the movie."[28] Director Blake Edwards stated, "Looking back, I wish I had never done it... and I would give anything to be able to recast it, but it's there, and onward and upward."[28]

text: In a 2008 interview about the film, 87-year-old Rooney said he was heartbroken about the criticism:

text: Blake Edwards... wanted me to do it because he was a comedy director. They hired me to do this overboard, and we had fun doing it.... Never in all the more than 40 years after we made it – not one complaint. Every place I've gone in the world people say, "God, you were so funny." Asians and Chinese come up to me and say, "Mickey you were out of this world."[29]

text: Rooney also said that if he had known the portrayal would be offensive, "I wouldn't have done it. Those that didn't like it, I forgive them and God bless America, God bless the universe, God bless Japanese, Chinese, Indians, all of them and let's have peace."[29]

text: The film continues to draw criticism for this racist caricature, particularly when the movie is selected as a "classic" screened in public spaces, supported by tax dollars. In 2011, a SyFy and Brooklyn Bridge Park Corporation screening inspired petitions.[30] Tastemaker Tribeca Film Festival is planning a large public screening in September 2017.[31]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Academy Awards[edit]

text:
Award[32]
Person

Best Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture
Henry Mancini

Best Original Song: "Moon River"
Henry Mancini
Johnny Mercer

Nominated:

Best Actress in a Leading Role
Audrey Hepburn

Best Art Direction
Hal Pereira
Roland Anderson
Sam Comer
Ray Moyer

Best Adapted Screenplay
George Axelrod

text: Other awards[edit]

text:
Golden Globe Awards, 1961: Best picture (musical or comedy)
Golden Globe Awards, 1961: Best actress (musical or comedy) - Audrey Hepburn
Henry Mancini won the Grammy Award for Best Soundtrack Album or Recording or Score.
George Axelrod won the Writers Guild of America, East for Best Written American Drama.
Blake Edwards was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures.
The film was ranked #486 on Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time list for 2008.[33]
National Film Registry- 2012
American Film Institute ranked the film #61 in 100 Years...100 Passions and "Moon River" as #4 in 100 Years...100 Songs.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack featured a score composed and conducted by Henry Mancini, with songs by Mancini and lyricist Johnny Mercer. Mancini and Mercer won the 1961 Oscar for Best Original Song for "Moon River". Mancini won for Best Original Score. There are also unreleased score pieces from Breakfast at Tiffany's in existence; "Carousel Cue" is from an unsurfaced scene, while "Outtake 1" is from a deleted scene in which Holly and Fred visit Tiffany's and is a variation of the main theme.

text: List of songs[edit]

text:
"Moon River"
"Something for Cat"
"Sally's Tomato"
"Mr. Yunioshi"
"The Big Blow Out"
"Hub Caps and Tail Lights"
"Breakfast at Tiffany's"
"Latin Golightly"
"Holly"
"Loose Caboose"
"The Big Heist"
"Moon River [Cha Cha]"

text: In 2013 Intrada released the complete score in its original film performance (as with many soundtrack albums by Mancini and others at the time, the album released alongside the film was a re-recording).

text:
Main Title (Moon River) (3:07)
Paul Meets Cat (1:24)
Sally’s Tomato (4:57)
The Big Blowout (1:05)
Poor Fred (3:22)
Moon River (Cha Cha) (2:32)
Latin Golightly (3:05)
Something For Cat (4:48)
Loose Caboose – Part 1 (À La Cha Cha) (3:22)
Loose Caboose – Part 2 (2:11)
Moon River (Vocal By Audrey Hepburn) (2:03)
Meet The Doc (With Organ Grinder) (1:37)
An Exceptional Person (2:57)
You’re So Skinny (0:57)
Turkey Eggs (2:43)
Hub Caps And Tail Lights (2:19)
Rats And Super Rats (2:27)
The Hard Way (0:55)
Rusty Trawler (0:26)
Holly (1:56)
A Lovely Place (1:33)
Bermuda Nights (0:22)
The Big Heist (4:02)
After The Ball (1:14)
Just Like Holly (1:41)
Wait A Minute (0:44)
Feathers (1:14)
Let’s Eat (1:39)
Where’s The Cat? And End Title (Moon River) (3:50)
Moon River (Audrey Hepburn & Guitar) (1:38)
Moon River (Piano And Guitar) (1:38)
Moon River (Harmonica And Guitar) (1:36)
Meet The Doc (Without Organ Grinder) (1:37)
Piano Practice No. 1 (1:38)
Piano Practice No. 2 (1:48)
Piano Practice No. 3 (0:54)
Moon River (New York Version) (2:01)
Moon River (Whistling) (0:10)

tag: ol

text: Home media[edit]

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's was one of the first Hepburn films to be released to the home video market in the early 1980s,[citation needed] and is also widely available on DVD. On February 7, 2006, Paramount released a 45th anniversary special edition DVD set in North America with featurettes not included on the prior DVD release:

text:
Audio Commentary – with producer Richard Shepherd
Breakfast at Tiffany's: The Making of a Classic – a making-of featurette with interviews by Edwards, Neal, the "laughing/crying" woman from the party, and Sean Ferrer, Hepburn's son.
It's So Audrey! A Style Icon – a short tribute to Hepburn.
Brilliance in a Blue Box – a brief history of Tiffany & Co.
Audrey's Letter to Tiffany – an accounting of Hepburn's letter to Tiffany & Co. on the occasion of the company's 150th anniversary in 1987.
Original Theatrical Trailer
Photo Gallery

text: On January 13, 2009, a remastered Centennial Collection version of the film was released. In addition to the special features on the 45th anniversary edition, this version includes:

text:
A Golightly Gathering – Reuniting some of the past cast members from the party with interviews on their experiences filming that segment.
Henry Mancini: More Than Music – A featurette about Henry Mancini, "Moon River" and interviews with Mancini's wife and children.
Mr. Yunioshi: An Asian Perspective – Documentary discussing the reaction and Asian perspective of the character of Mr. Yunioshi, one of the most controversial characters in film.
Behind the Gates – A tour through Paramount Studios

text: In 2011 a newly remastered HD version of the film was released on Blu-ray with many of the features from the aforementioned DVDs. The digital restoration of the film was done by Paramount Pictures. The digital pictures were frame by frame digitally restored at Prasad Corporation to remove dirt, tears, scratches and other artifacts. The film was restored to its original look for its 50th Anniversary.[34][35]

text: Stage adaptations[edit]

text: In 1966, David Merrick produced a Broadway musical of the same name starring Mary Tyler Moore as Holly Golightly and Richard Chamberlain as Paul. The troubled production closed after four previews.

text: In 2004, a new musical adaptation of the film made its world debut at The Muny in St. Louis.[36]

text: In May 2009, actress Anna Friel confirmed that she would star in a West End adaptation of the film. The show opened in September 2009 at the Haymarket Theatre.[37]

text: The name of the film was also used as the title for the 1996 hit record by Deep Blue Something, although the lyrics were in fact inspired by Roman Holiday.[citation needed]

text: A new stage adaption made its debut in March 2013 at the Cort Theater in New York City. The role of Holly Golightly would be played by Emilia Clarke.[38]


document_title: List of NASCAR race wins by Jimmie Johnson

question_text: when did jimmy johnson win his last race

text: NASCAR[edit]

text: Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series[edit]

text: In the Cup Series, Jimmie Johnson, the seven-time champion, has won 83 races. He's won at 20 different tracks. Johnson's 83 wins rank tied sixth with Cale Yarborough on the all-time wins.

text:
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series victories

No.

Date

Season

Race

Track

Location

1

April 28, 2002

2002

NAPA Auto Parts 500[1]

California Speedway

Fontana, California

2

June 2, 2002

MBNA Platinum 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

3

September 22, 2002

MBNA All-American Heroes 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

4

May 25, 2003

2003

Coca-Cola 600

Lowe's Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

5

July 20, 2003

New England 300

New Hampshire International Speedway

Loudon, New Hampshire

6

September 14, 2003

Sylvania 300

New Hampshire International Speedway

Loudon, New Hampshire

7

March 21, 2004

2004

Carolina Dodge Dealers 400

Darlington Raceway

Darlington, South Carolina

8

May 30, 2004

Coca-Cola 600

Lowe's Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

9

June 13, 2004

Pocono 500

Pocono Raceway

Long Pond, Pennsylvania

10

August 1, 2004

Pennsylvania 500

Pocono Raceway

Long Pond, Pennsylvania

11

October 16, 2004

UAW-GM Quality 500

Lowe's Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

12

October 24, 2004

Subway 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

13

October 31, 2004

Bass Pro Shops MBNA 500

Atlanta Motor Speedway

Hampton, Georgia

14

November 14, 2004

Mountain Dew Southern 500

Darlington Raceway

Darlington, South Carolina

15

March 13, 2005

2005

UAW-DaimlerChrysler 400

Las Vegas Motor Speedway

Las Vegas, Nevada

16

May 29, 2005

Coca-Cola 600

Lowe's Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

17

September 25, 2005

MBNA NASCAR RacePoints 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

18

October 15, 2005

UAW-GM Quality 500

Lowe's Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

19

February 19, 2006

2006

Daytona 500

Daytona International Speedway

Daytona Beach, Florida

20

March 12, 2006

UAW-DaimlerChrysler 400

Las Vegas Motor Speedway

Las Vegas, Nevada

21

May 1, 2006

Aaron's 499

Talladega Superspeedway

Lincoln, Alabama

22

August 6, 2006

Allstate 400 at the Brickyard

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Speedway, Indiana

23

October 22, 2006

Subway 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

24

March 11, 2007

2007

UAW-DaimlerChrysler 400

Las Vegas Motor Speedway

Las Vegas, Nevada

25

March 18, 2007

Kobalt Tools 500

Atlanta Motor Speedway

Hampton, Georgia

26

April 1, 2007

Goody's Cool Orange 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

27

May 6, 2007

Crown Royal Presents The Jim Stewart 400

Richmond International Raceway

Richmond, Virginia

28

September 2, 2007

Sharp AQUOS 500

California Speedway

Fontana, California

29

September 8, 2007

Chevy Rock & Roll 400

Richmond International Raceway

Richmond, Virginia

30

October 21, 2007

Subway 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

31

October 28, 2007

Pep Boys Auto 500

Atlanta Motor Speedway

Hampton, Georgia

32

November 4, 2007

Dickies 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

33

November 11, 2007

Checker Auto Parts 500

Phoenix International Raceway

Avondale, Arizona

34

April 12, 2008

2008

Subway Fresh Fit 500

Phoenix International Raceway

Avondale, Arizona

35

July 27, 2008

Allstate 400 at the Brickyard

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Speedway, Indiana

36

August 31, 2008

Pepsi 500

Auto Club Speedway

Fontana, California

37

September 7, 2008

Chevy Rock & Roll 400

Richmond International Raceway

Richmond, Virginia

38

September 28, 2008

Camping World RV 400

Kansas Speedway

Kansas City, Kansas

39

October 19, 2008

Tums QuikPak 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

40

November 9, 2008

Checker O'Reilly Auto Parts 500

Phoenix International Raceway

Avondale, Arizona

41

March 29, 2009

2009

Goody's Fast Pain Relief 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

42

May 31, 2009

Autism Speaks 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

43

July 26, 2009

Allstate 400 at the Brickyard

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Speedway, Indiana

44

September 27, 2009

AAA 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

45

October 11, 2009

Pepsi 500

Auto Club Speedway

Fontana, California

46

October 17, 2009

NASCAR Banking 500

Lowe's Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

47

November 15, 2009

Checker O'Reilly Auto Parts 500

Phoenix International Raceway

Avondale, Arizona

48

February 21, 2010

2010

Auto Club 500

Auto Club Speedway

Fontana, California

49

February 28, 2010

Shelby American

Las Vegas Motor Speedway

Las Vegas, Nevada

50

March 21, 2010

Food City 500

Bristol Motor Speedway

Bristol, Tennessee

51

June 20, 2010

Toyota/Save Mart 350

Infineon Raceway

Sonoma, California

52

June 27, 2010

Lenox Industrial Tools 301

New Hampshire Motor Speedway

Loudon, New Hampshire

53

September 26, 2010

AAA 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

54

April 17, 2011

2011

Aaron's 499

Talladega Superspeedway

Lincoln, Alabama

55

October 9, 2011

Hollywood Casino 400

Kansas Speedway

Kansas City, Kansas

56

May 12, 2012

2012

Bojangles' Southern 500

Darlington Raceway

Darlington, South Carolina

57

June 3, 2012

FedEx 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

58

July 29, 2012

Crown Royal Presents the Curtiss Shaver 400

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

Speedway, Indiana

59

October 28, 2012

Tums Fast Relief 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

60

November 4, 2012

AAA Texas 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

61

February 24, 2013

2013

Daytona 500

Daytona International Speedway

Daytona Beach, Florida

62

April 7, 2013

STP Gas Booster 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

63

June 9, 2013

Party in the Poconos 400

Pocono Raceway

Long Pond, Pennsylvania

64

July 6, 2013

Coke Zero 400

Daytona International Speedway

Daytona Beach, Florida

65

September 29, 2013

AAA 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

66

November 3, 2013

AAA Texas 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

67

May 25, 2014

2014

Coca-Cola 600

Charlotte Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

68

June 1, 2014

FedEx 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

69

June 15, 2014

Quicken Loans 400

Michigan International Speedway

Brooklyn, Michigan

70

November 2, 2014

AAA Texas 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

71

March 1, 2015

2015

Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500

Atlanta Motor Speedway

Hampton, Georgia

72

April 11, 2015

Duck Commander 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

73

May 9–10, 2015

SpongeBob SquarePants 400

Kansas Speedway

Kansas City, Kansas

74

May 31, 2015

FedEx 400

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

75

November 8, 2015

AAA Texas 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

76

February 28, 2016

2016

Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500

Atlanta Motor Speedway

Hampton, Georgia

77

March 20, 2016

Auto Club 400

Auto Club Speedway

Fontana, California

78

October 9, 2016

Bank of America 500

Charlotte Motor Speedway

Concord, North Carolina

79

October 30, 2016

Goody's Fast Relief 500

Martinsville Speedway

Ridgeway, Virginia

80

November 20, 2016

Ford EcoBoost 400

Homestead-Miami Speedway

Homestead, Florida

81

April 9, 2017

2017

O'Reilly Auto Parts 500

Texas Motor Speedway

Fort Worth, Texas

82

April 24, 2017

Food City 500

Bristol Motor Speedway

Bristol, Tennessee

83

June 4, 2017

AAA 400 Drive for Autism

Dover International Speedway

Dover, Delaware

text: Busch Grand National Series[edit]

text: In the Busch Grand National Series, Johnson has one win.

text:
Busch Grand National Series victory

No.

Date

Season

Race

Track

Location

1

July 14, 2001

2001

Sam's Club Presents the Hills Brothers Coffee 300

Chicagoland Speedway

Joliet, Illinois


document_title: You Don't Bring Me Flowers

question_text: who wrote the song you don't bring me flowers anymore

question_tokens: who wrote the song you do n 't bring me flowers anymore

text: You Don't Bring Me Flowers

text:
"You Don't Bring Me Flowers"

Single by Neil Diamond and Barbra Streisand

from the album Barbra Streisand's Greatest Hits Vol. 2 and You Don't Bring Me Flowers

A-side
"You Don't Bring Me Flowers (Duet)"

B-side
"You Don't Bring Me Flowers (Instrumental)"

Released
October 1978

Format
7" single

Genre
Easy listening

Length
3:25

Label
Columbia

Songwriter(s)
Neil Diamond
Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman

Producer(s)
Bob Gaudio

Barbra Streisand singles chronology

"Prisoner (Love Theme from Eyes of Laura Mars)"
(1978)
"You Don't Bring Me Flowers"
(1978)
"The Main Event/Fight"
(1979)

"Prisoner (Love Theme from Eyes of Laura Mars)"
(1978)
"You Don't Bring Me Flowers"
(1978)
"The Main Event/Fight"
(1979)

Neil Diamond singles chronology

"Desiree"
(1977) Desiree1977
"You Don't Bring Me Flowers"
(1978) You Don't Bring Me Flowers1978
"Forever in Blue Jeans"
(1979) Forever in Blue Jeans1979

text: "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" is a song that hit the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978. It is a song about two lovers who have drifted apart while they "go through the motions" and heartache of life together.

text: The song was written by Neil Diamond with Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman for the ill-fated TV show All That Glitters.[1] The song was intended to be the theme song, but Norman Lear changed the concept of the show and the song was no longer appropriate. Diamond then expanded the track from 45 seconds to 3:17, adding instrumental sections and an additional verse. The Bergmans contributed to the song's lyrics.[2]

text: In 1977, Diamond released the album I'm Glad You're Here with Me Tonight, which included the track "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" as a solo performance. Early in 1978, Barbra Streisand covered the song on her album Songbird.

text: The roots of the duet version, as chronicled in myriad Streisand and Diamond biographies as well as Streisand's Just for the Record box set, revolve around WAKY-AM/Louisville KY program director, Gary Guthrie, who spliced the two solo tracks together as a going away present to his wife, whom he had just divorced. As the real life fairytale behind the song unfolded, it triggered a media buzz worldwide from Good Morning America and People magazine to the BBC. Interest in the duet caused such a clamor on the retail level that Columbia Records was compelled to bring Streisand and Diamond into the studio to record an "official" version in October 1978. The song reached number one on the Hot 100 chart for two non-consecutive weeks in December 1978, producing the third number-one hit for both singers.[3] Acknowledgment and gratitude for Guthrie came from CBS with a Gold record plaque, flowers from Diamond and a telegram from Streisand. The duo performed the song at the 1980 Grammy Awards show, a performance released on the 1994 album Grammy's Greatest Moments Volume I.[4]

text: Chicago’s WGN radio personality Roy Leonard and producer Peter Marino are also credited for coming up with the idea to create this duet. Leonard and Marino had put the separately recorded versions together and played them on the air.[5][6]

text: Radio personalities Jack Hood and Gene Kruszewski of WJR-AM/Detroit also cut a duet version of the song which was a local and regional hit and helped escalate the song’s novelty. Columbia Records granted gold records to Hood and Kruszewski in recognition of their efforts.

text: Diamond and Streisand had planned to star in a motion picture based on the song, but such plans were canceled when Diamond starred in a remake of The Jazz Singer.

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Concurrent with the success of Diamond and Streisand's version of the song, country singers Jim Ed Brown and Helen Cornelius released a country version of the song which reached number ten on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in early 1979. Also, in the same year, Lynda Carter (of Wonder Woman fame) re-performed this song on Dick Emery's British variety show, The Dick Emery Hour.

text: In 1980 a cover version of the song was recorded by expatriate American singer Dean Reed and Hungarian vocalist Kati Kovács in German and in English.[7]

text: In 1982 Julie Andrews covered the song for her country music inspired-album, Love Me Tender, though it was only included on the international version of the album.

text: In 1986 Norwegian soprano Sissel Kyrkjebø performed the song on Norwegian Television in the TV-show "Kanal 1". In 2006 this performance was included on her album De beste, 1986–2006.[8]

text: In 1993 UK TV presenter Noel Edmonds was tricked into singing the whole song on his show, Noel's House Party. Noel Edmonds had earlier recorded a duet of the song sung by fellow DJs John Peel and Tony Blackburn for use on his BBC Radio 1 show in 1979.

text: In 1996 the song was sung by rappers Ice-T and Tupac Shakur during a Saturday Night Live show.

text: In 1997 it was parodied by Bob Rivers as "You Don't Smell Like Flowers Anymore".[9] There is also a parody by Weird Al Yankovic which he performed on the Dr. Demento show, "You Don't Take Your Showers".


document_title: List of largest lakes of the United States by area

question_text: what is the largest freshwater lake in the united states

text: The following is a list of the largest 100 lakes of the United States by normal surface area. The top twenty lakes in size are as listed by the National Atlas of the United States, a publication of the United States Department of the Interior. The area given is the normal or average area of the lake. The area of some lakes fluctuates substantially. For those lakes partially in Canada or Mexico the area given for the lake is the total area, not just the part of the lake in the United States. Of the top 100 lakes, 55 are man-made and 45 are natural. Three lakes in the top 100 are primarily salt water.

text:
Rank
Name
U.S. states/Canadian provinces/Mexican states
Area
Type
Notes

1
Lake Superior
Michigan-Minnesota-Wisconsin-Ontario
31,700 sq mi
82,103 km2
natural
[1]

2
Lake Huron
Michigan-Ontario
23,000 sq mi
59,570 km2
natural
[2]

3
Lake Michigan
Illinois-Indiana-Michigan-Wisconsin
22,300 sq mi
57,757 km2
natural
[3]

4
Lake Erie
Michigan-New York-Ohio-Ontario-Pennsylvania
9,910 sq mi
25,667 km2
natural
[4]

5
Lake Ontario
New York-Ontario
7,340 sq mi
19,011 km2
natural
[5]

6
Great Salt Lake
Utah
2,117 sq mi
5,483 km2
natural
salt[6]

7
Lake of the Woods
Manitoba-Minnesota-Ontario
1,679 sq mi
4,349 km2
natural

8
Iliamna Lake
Alaska
1,014 sq mi
2,626 km2
natural

9
Lake Oahe
North Dakota-South Dakota
685 sq mi
1,774 km2
man-made
[7]

10
Lake Okeechobee
Florida
662 sq mi
1,715 km2
natural
[8]

11
Lake Pontchartrain
Louisiana
631 sq mi
1,634 km2
natural
salt [9]

12
Lake Sakakawea
North Dakota
520 sq mi
1,347 km2
man-made

13
Lake Champlain
New York-Vermont-Quebec
490 sq mi
1,269 km2
natural

14
Becharof Lake
Alaska
453 sq mi
1,173 km2
natural

15
Lake St. Clair
Michigan - Ontario
440 sq mi
1,140 km2
natural

16
Red Lake
Minnesota
427 sq mi
1,106 km2
natural
[10]

17
Selawik Lake
Alaska
404 sq mi
1,046 km2
natural

18
Fort Peck Lake
Montana
393 sq mi
1,018 km2
man-made

19
Salton Sea
California
347 sq mi
899 km2
man-made
salt[11]

20
Rainy Lake
Minnesota-Ontario
345 sq mi
894 km2
natural

21
Devils Lake
North Dakota
300.0 sq mi
777 km2
natural
[12][13][14][15]

22
Toledo Bend Reservoir
Louisiana-Texas
284 sq mi
736 km2
man-made

23
Lake Powell
Arizona-Utah
251 sq mi
650 km2
man-made

24
Kentucky Lake
Kentucky-Tennessee
250 sq mi
647 km2
man-made

25
Lake Mead
Arizona-Nevada
247 sq mi
640 km2
man-made

26
Naknek Lake
Alaska
242 sq mi
627 km2
natural

27
Lake Winnebago
Wisconsin
215 sq mi
557 km2
natural

28
Mille Lacs Lake
Minnesota
207 sq mi
536 km2
natural

29
Flathead Lake
Montana
192 sq mi
497 km2
natural

30
Lake Tahoe
California-Nevada
191 sq mi
495 km2
natural

31
Pyramid Lake
Nevada
183 sq mi
474 km2
natural

32
Sam Rayburn Reservoir
Texas
179 sq mi
464 km2
man-made

33
Eufaula Lake
Oklahoma
169 sq mi
438 km2
man-made

34
Lake Marion
South Carolina
165 sq mi
427 km2
man-made

35
Leech Lake
Minnesota
161 sq mi
417 km2
natural

36
Utah Lake
Utah
151 sq mi
391 km2
natural

37
Lake Francis Case
South Dakota
149 sq mi
386 km2
man-made

38
Lake Pend Oreille
Idaho
148 sq mi
383 km2
natural

39
Lake Texoma
Oklahoma-Texas
139 sq mi
360 km2
man-made

40
Yellowstone Lake
Wyoming
136 sq mi
352 km2
natural

41
Falcon Lake
Tamaulipas-Texas
131 sq mi
339 km2
natural

42
Lake Livingston
Texas
130 sq mi
337 km2
man-made

43
Lake Roosevelt
Washington
128 sq mi
332 km2
man-made

44
Lake Clark
Alaska
120 sq mi
311 km2
natural

45
Moosehead Lake
Maine
117 sq mi
303 km2
natural

46
Lake Strom Thurmond
Georgia-South Carolina
111 sq mi
287 km2
man-made

47
Bear Lake
Idaho-Utah
109 sq mi
282 km2
natural

48
Lake Guntersville
Alabama
108 sq mi
280 km2
man-made

49
Lake St. Francis
New York-Ontario-Quebec
105 sq mi
272 km2
man-made
[16]

50
Wheeler Lake
Alabama
105 sq mi
272 km2
man-made

51
Amistad Lake
Coahuila-Texas
102 sq mi
264 km2
man-made

52
Klamath Lake
Oregon
96 sq mi
249 km2
natural

53
Lake Moultrie
South Carolina
94 sq mi
243 km2
man-made

54
Lake Winnibigoshish
Minnesota
91 sq mi
236 km2
natural

55
Lake Barkley
Kentucky-Tennessee
91 sq mi
236 km2
man-made

56
Lake Sharpe
South Dakota
89 sq mi
231 km2
man-made

57
American Falls Reservoir
Idaho
88 sq mi
228 km2
man-made

58
Lake Hartwell
Georgia-South Carolina
87 sq mi
225 km2
man-made

59
Truman Reservoir
Missouri
87 sq mi
225 km2
man-made

60
Lake of the Ozarks
Missouri
86 sq mi
223 km2
man-made

61
Oneida Lake
New York
80 sq mi
207 km2
natural

62
Lake Cumberland
Kentucky
79 sq mi
205 km2
man-made

63
Kerr Lake
North Carolina-Virginia
78 sq mi
202 km2
man-made

64
Calcasieu Lake
Louisiana
77 sq mi
199 km2
natural

65
Lake Murray
South Carolina
75 sq mi
194 km2
man-made

66
Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
Oklahoma
73 sq mi
189 km2
man-made

67
Lake Winnipesaukee
New Hampshire
71 sq mi
184 km2
natural

68
Bull Shoals Lake
Arkansas-Missouri
71 sq mi
184 km2
man-made

69
Walter F. George Lake
Alabama-Georgia
71 sq mi
184 km2
man-made

70
Lake Martin
Alabama
69 sq mi
179 km2
man-made

71
Clear Lake
California
68 sq mi
176 km2
natural

72
Robert S. Kerr Lake
Oklahoma
68 sq mi
176 km2
man-made

73
Seneca Lake
New York
68 sq mi
176 km2
natural

74
Pickwick Lake
Alabama-Mississippi
67 sq mi
174 km2
man-made

75
Table Rock Lake
Arkansas-Missouri
67 sq mi
174 km2
man-made

76
Cayuga Lake
New York
67 sq mi
174 km2
natural

77
Flaming Gorge Reservoir
Utah-Wyoming
66 sq mi
171 km2
man-made

78
Lake Vermilion
Minnesota
63 sq mi
163 km2
natural

79
Lake Ouachita
Arkansas
63 sq mi
163 km2
man-made

80
Lake Mattamuskeet
North Carolina
63 sq mi
163 km2
natural

81
Watts Bar Lake
Tennessee
61 sq mi
158 km2
man-made

82
Lake Wallula
Oregon-Washington
61 sq mi
158 km2
man-made

83
Lake Lanier
Georgia
59 sq mi
153 km2
man-made

84
Lake Seminole
Florida-Georgia
58 sq mi
150 km2
man-made

85
Lake Tawakoni
Texas
57 sq mi
148 km2
man-made

86
Elephant Butte Lake
New Mexico
57 sq mi
148 km2
man-made

87
Chickamauga Lake
Tennessee
57 sq mi
148 km2
man-made

88
Grenada Lake
Mississippi
55 sq mi
142 km2
man-made

89
Lake Kissimmee
Florida
55 sq mi
142 km2
natural

90
Lake Dardanelle
Arkansas
54 sq mi
140 km2
man-made

91
Norris Lake
Tennessee
53 sq mi
137 km2
man-made

92
Canyon Ferry Lake
Montana
53 sq mi
137 km2
man-made

93
Lake Chelan
Washington
52 sq mi
135 km2
natural

94
Cedar Creek Lake
Texas
51 sq mi
132 km2
man-made

95
Lake Norman
North Carolina
51 sq mi
132 km2
man-made

96
Sardis Lake
Mississippi
51 sq mi
132 km2
man-made

97
Walker Lake (Nevada)
Nevada
50 sq mi
129 km2
natural

98
Lake McConaughy
Nebraska
56 sq mi
145 km2
man-made

99
Lake George
New York
56 sq mi
145 km2
natural

100
Beaver Lake
Arkansas
44.06 sq mi
114 km2
man-made

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes; considered the largest lake in the United States by the National Atlas of the United States.
Jump up ^ Although it forms one a single hydrological unit with Lake Michigan (their surfaces are at the same elevation and the water flows in either direction in the channel separating them), they are generally considered distinct lakes, and Lake Michigan is generally considered the largest lake entirely within the United States, as Lake Huron and Lake Superior are binational (shared with Canada).
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes.
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes.
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes.
Jump up ^ If Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are considered the same lake, the largest lake entirely within the United States. Also the largest salt lake in the United States.
Jump up ^ Largest man-made lake (reservoir) by surface area in the United States.
Jump up ^ Largest lake in the South
Jump up ^ Often considered an estuary rather than a lake
Jump up ^ includes both Upper and Lower Red Lake
Jump up ^ highly variable in area
Jump up ^ The area of Devils Lake was taken from the summer 2011 record peak of 1,454.4 ft (443.3 m) MSL. Devils Lake has experienced severe flooding and has risen more than 31 feet (9.4 m) since 1993. Area has increased by 4 times.
Jump up ^ Devils Lake Elevation-Volume Table
Jump up ^ USGS Devils Lake Flood History
Jump up ^ National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (NWS AHPS) for Devils Lake at Creel Bay
Jump up ^ Part of St. Lawrence Seaway


document_title: List of busiest container ports

question_text: who has the biggest port in the world

question_tokens: who has the biggest port in the world

text: List of busiest container ports

text: This is a list of the world's busiest container ports (ports with container terminals that specialize in handling goods transported in shipping containers) by total number of actual twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) transported through the port. Data listed in thousands of TEU.

text:
Container Traffic (in thousand TEUs):

Rank
Port
Jurisdiction
2015[1]
2014[2]
2013[3]
2012[4]
2011[5]
2010[6]
2009[7]
2008[8]
2007[9]
2006[10]
2005[11]
2004[12]

1
Shanghai
 China
36,516
35,268
33,617
32,529
31,700
29,069
25,002
27,980
26,150
21,710
18,084
14,557

2
Singapore
 Singapore
30,922
33,869
32,240
31,649
29,937
28,431
25,866
29,918
27,932
24,792
23,192
21,329

3
Shenzhen
 China
24,142
23,798
23,280
22,940
22,570
22,510
18,250
21,414
21,099
18,469
16,197
13,615

4
Ningbo-Zhoushan
 China
20,636
19,450
17,351
16,670
14,686
13,144
10,502
11,226
9,349
7,068
5,208
4,006

5
Hong Kong
 Hong Kong SAR
20,073
22,374
22,352
23,117
24,384
23,532
20,983
24,248
23,881
23,539
22,427
21,984

6
Busan
 South Korea
19,469
18,423
17,690
17,046
16,185
14,157
11,954
13,425
13,270
12,039
11,843
11,430

7
Qingdao
 China
17,323
16,624
15,520
14,503
13,020
12,012
10,260
10,320
9,462
7,702
6,307
5,140

8
Guangzhou
 China
17,097
16,160
15,309
14,744
14,400
12,550
11,190
11,001
9,200
6,600
4,685
3,308

9
Jebel Ali (Dubai)
 United Arab Emirates
15,585
14,750
13,641
13,270
13,000
11,600
11,124
11,827
10,653
8,923
7,619
6,429

10
Tianjin
 China
13,881
14,050
13,010
12,300
11,500
10,080
8,700
8,500
7,103
5,950
4,801
3,814

11
Rotterdam
 Netherlands
12,235
12,453
11,621
11,866
11,877
11,146
9,743
10,784
10,791
9,655
9,287
8,281

12
Port Klang
 Malaysia
11,887
10,736
10,350
10,000
9,604
8,870
7,309
7,970
7,120
6,326
5,544
5,244

13
Kaohsiung
 Taiwan
10,264
10,593
9,938
9,781
9,636
8,872
8,581
9,677
10,257
9,775
9,471
9,714

14
Antwerp
 Belgium
9,654
9,136
8,578
8,635
8,664
8,468
7,309
8,663
8,176
7,019
6,482
6,064

15
Dalian
 China
9,591
10,128
10,860
8,060
6,400
5,242
4,552
4,503
4,574
3,212
2,665
2,211

16
Xiamen
 China
9,215
8,572
8,010
7,202
6,461
5,820
4,680
5,035
4,627
4,019
3,342
2,872

17
Hamburg
 Germany
8,821
9,729
9,302
8,864
9,022
7,900
7,007
9,737
9,890
8,862
8,088
7,003

18
Tanjung Pelepas
 Malaysia
8,797
7,897
7,628
7,700
7,500
6,530
6,000
5,600
5,500
4,770
4,177
4,020

19
Los Angeles
 United States
8,160
8,340
7,869
8,078
7,941
7,832
6,748
7,850
8,355
8,470
7,485
7,321

20
Long Beach
 United States
7,192
6,821
6,731
6,046
6,061
6,263
5,067
6,350
7,316
7,289
6,710
5,780

21
Laem Chabang
 Thailand
6,780
6,518
6,032
5,830
5,731
5,068
4,538
5,134
4,642
4,123
3,834
3,529

22
Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
 Vietnam
6,556
6,334
5,542
5,060
4,674
4,100
3,563
3,100
2,532
2,532
2,122
1,868

23
New York and New Jersey
 United States
6,372
5,772
5,467
5,530
5,503
5,292
4,561
5,265
5,299
5,093
4,785
4,478

24
Bremen/Bremerhaven
 Germany
5,547
5,796
5,831
6,115
5,915
4,871
4,578
5,529
4,912
4,450
3,736
3,469

25
Jeddah
 Saudi Arabia
5,417
4,200
4,561
4,738
4,010
3,830
3,091
3,326
3,068
2,964
2,836
2,426

26
Tanjung Priok (Jakarta)
 Indonesia
5,154
5,034
6,590
6,200
5,618
4,715
3,800
3,984
3,900
3,280
3,282
3,170

27
Valencia
 Spain
4,615
4,442
4,328
4,470
4,327
4,207
3,653
3,593
3,043
2,612
2,410
2,145

28
Algeciras
 Spain
4,516
4,457
4,501
4,114
3,603
2,810
3,042
3,324
3,152
3,257
3,180
2,937

29
Mumbai
 India
4,492
4,496
4,162
4,260
4,217
3,857
4,061
3,953
4,060
3,298
2,667
2,361

30
Khor Fakkan
 United Arab Emirates
4,414
4,256
3,800
3,996
3,230
3,023
2,750
2,112
1,850
1,730
1,929
1,819

31
Tokyo
 Japan
4,150
4,917
4,861
4,752
4,640
4,286
3,810
4,271
3,818
3,969
3,593
3,358

32
Manila
 Philippines
3,976
3,673
3,770
3,705
3,250
3,257
2,815
2,977
2,800
2,638
2,625
2,698

33
Santos
 Brazil
3,780
3,685
3,446
3,172
2,985
2,716
2,252
2,675
2,533
2,208
2,240
1,883

34
Savannah
 United States
3,737
3,346
3,034
2,966
2,945
2,825
2,356
2,616
2,604
2,160
1,902
1,662

35
Felixstowe
 United Kingdom
3,676
3,680
3,740
3,700
3,519
3,400
3,100
3,200
3,300
3,000
2,700
2,717

36
Seattle/Tacoma
 United States
3,531
3,456
3,461
3,510
3,590

37
Gioia Tauro
 Italy
3,512
3,062
3,087
2,721
2,305
2,851
2,857
3,468
3,445
2,900
3,161
3,261

38
Piraeus
 Greece
3,360
3,164
2,745
1,680
1,198
665
434
1,373
N/A
N/A
N/A

39
Balboa
 Panama
3,078
3,236
3,064
3,251
3,232
2,759
2,012
2,011
2,167
988
663

40
Ambarli (Istanbul)
 Turkey
3,062
3,445
3,378
3,097
2,686
2,540
1,836

41
Vancouver
 Canada
3,054
2,913
2,825
2,713
2,551
2,514
2,492
2,307
2,208
1,767
1,665

42
Port Said
 Egypt
3,036
3,036
4,100
3,631
4,272
3,646
3,300
3,202
2,127
2,127
1,522
869

43
Tanger-Med (Tangiers)
 Morocco
2,971
3,354
2,558
1,900
2,070
2,058
1,222

44
Yokohama
 Japan
2,787
2,775
2,888
3,053
3,083
3,280
2,555
3,490
3,400
3,200
2,873
2,718

45
Durban
 South Africa
2,770
2,633
2,529
2,713
2,762

46
Colón
 Panama
2,765
3,356
2,060
1,900
1,600
2,802
1,856[13]
2,262
N/A
1,947
2,150

47
Kobe
 Japan
2,707
2,765
2,553
2,568
2,470
2,556

48
Keelung
 Taiwan
2,666
2,943
2,642
2,705
2,403
2,199
1,578

49
Melbourne
 Australia
2,638
2,492
2,548
2,507
2,348

50
Nagoya
 Japan
2,631
2,740
2,709
2,655
2,623
2,549
2,113
2,817
2,890
2,740
2,470
2,304

text: Map[edit]