document_title: List of Prime Ministers of Canada

question_text: who was the fifth prime minister of canada

text: List of Prime Ministers of Canada

text: Prime ministers[edit]

text:
Abbreviation key:
No.: Incumbent No., Min.: Ministry

Colour key:

  Liberal Party of Canada
  Historical Conservative Party (including Liberal-Conservative, Conservative, Unionist, National Liberal and Conservative, Progressive Conservative)
  Conservative Party of Canada

Provinces key:
AB: Alberta, BC: British Columbia, MB: Manitoba, NS: Nova Scotia, ON: Ontario, QC: Quebec, SK: Saskatchewan

text:
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
District
Term of office
Electoral mandates (Parliaments)
Political party
Min.
Refs

1

Sir John A. Macdonald
(1815–1891)
MP for Kingston, ON
July 1, 1867
–
November 5, 1873

Title created (no parl't)
1867 election (1st Parl't)
1872 election (2nd Parl't)

Liberal-Conservative Party
1st
[2] [5]

Minister of Justice; Integration of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory into Canada; Manitoba Act; Red River Rebellion; British Columbia and Prince Edward Island join confederation; Creation of the North-West Mounted Police; Resigned over Pacific Scandal

2

Alexander Mackenzie
(1822–1892)
MP for Lambton, ON
November 7, 1873
–
October 8, 1878

Appointment (2nd Parl't)[Min.]
1874 election (3rd Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1873
2nd
[6] [7]

Pacific Scandal; Creation of the Supreme Court; Establishment of the Royal Military College; Created the office of the Auditor General

(1)

Sir John A. Macdonald
(1815–1891)
MP for Victoria, BC until 1882
MP for Carleton, ON until 1887
MP for Kingston, ON
October 17, 1878
–
June 6, 1891

1878 election (4th Parl't)
1882 election (5th Parl't)
1887 election (6th Parl't)
1891 election (7th Parl't)

Liberal-Conservative Party
3rd
[8] [9]

National Policy; Railway to the Pacific; North-West Rebellion; Hanging of Louis Riel. Died in office (stroke).

3

Sir John Abbott
(1821–1893)
Senator for Quebec
June 16, 1891
–
November 24, 1892

Appointment (7th Parl't)

Liberal-Conservative Party
4th
[10] [11]

Minister without Portfolio; Succeeded on Macdonald's death due to objections to the Catholic John Thompson. In ill health; retired. First prime minister born in what would become Canada, and first of only two prime ministers to serve while in the Senate.

4

Sir John Thompson
(1845–1894)
MP for Antigonish, NS
December 5, 1892
–
December 12, 1894

Appointment (7th Parl't)

Liberal-Conservative Party
5th
[12] [13]

Minister of Justice; First Catholic Prime Minister. Manitoba Schools Question. Died in office (heart attack).

5

Sir Mackenzie Bowell
(1823–1917)
Senator for Ontario
December 21, 1894
–
April 27, 1896

Appointment (7th Parl't)

Conservative Party (historical)
6th
[14] [15]

Minister of Customs; Minister of Militia and Defence; Manitoba Schools Question. Last prime minister to serve while in the Senate.

6

Sir Charles Tupper
(1821–1915)
Did not serve in Parliament while Prime Minister
May 1, 1896
–
July 8, 1896

Appointment (no parl't)

Conservative Party (historical)
7th
[16] [17]

Minister of Customs, Minister of Railways and Canals; Oldest Canadian PM. Aimed to defeat Patrons of Industry, but dominated by Manitoba Schools Question. Never sat in parliament as Prime Minister.

7

Sir Wilfrid Laurier
(1841–1919)
MP for Quebec East, QC
July 11, 1896
–
October 6, 1911

1896 election (8th Parl't)
1900 election (9th Parl't)
1904 election (10th Parl't)
1908 election (11th Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1887
8th
[18] [19]

Manitoba Schools Question; Boer War; Alberta and Saskatchewan created; Creation of the Royal Canadian Navy; Reciprocity with the US; Department of External Affairs established; First French Canadian Prime Minister, removed the right of status Indians to vote.

8

Sir Robert Borden
(1854–1937)
MP for Halifax, NS until 1917
MP for Kings, NS
October 10, 1911
–
October 11, 1917

1911 election (12th Parl't)

Conservative Party (historical)
Named leader in 1901
9th
[19] [20] [21]

October 12,1917
–
July 10, 1920

1917 election (13th Parl't)

Unionist Party
10th

First World War; Military Service Act; Conscription Crisis of 1917; Union government; National Research Council; Introduction of income tax; Nickle Resolution; Women's suffrage; Suppression of Winnipeg General Strike; Canada sits at the Paris Peace Conference, signs the Treaty of Versailles and joins League of Nations.

9

Arthur Meighen
(1874–1960)
MP for Portage la Prairie, MB
July 10, 1920
–
December 29, 1921

Appointment (13th Parl't)

National Liberal and Conservative Party
Named leader in 1920
11th
[22] [23]

Solicitor General of Canada, Minister of Mines, Secretary of State for Canada, Minister of the Interior, Superintendant Indian Affairs; Grand Trunk Railway placed under control of Canadian National Railways.

10

William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1874–1950)
MP for York North, ON until 1925
MP for Prince Albert, SK
December 29, 1921
–
June 28, 1926

1921 election (14th Parl't)
1925 election (15th Parl't)[LS] [Min.]

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1919
12th
[24] [25]

Minister of Labour; Chanak Crisis; lower tariffs; reinstated Crowsnest Pass Agreement; 1923 Imperial Conference; Halibut Treaty; Continued after 1925 with third party Progressive support until resigning after his request for an election was refused by Governor General Lord Byng.

(9)

Arthur Meighen
(1874–1960)
MP for Portage la Prairie, MB
June 29, 1926
–
September 25, 1926

Appointment (15th Parl't)[Min.]

Conservative Party (historical)
13th
[22] [26]

Appointed as a result of the King–Byng Affair.

(10)

William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1874–1950)
MP for Prince Albert, SK
September 25, 1926
–
August 7, 1930

1926 election (16th Parl't)[Min.]

Liberal Party
14th
[24] [27]

Balfour Declaration; Introduction of old age pensions; first Canadian envoys with full diplomatic status sent to foreign countries (USA, France, Japan); Great Depression.

11

R. B. Bennett
(1870–1947)
MP for Calgary West, AB
August 7, 1930
–
October 23, 1935

1930 election (17th Parl't)

Conservative Party (historical)
Named leader in 1927
15th
[28] [29]

Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance; Great Depression; Imperial Preference; Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission; Canadian Wheat Board; Creation of the Bank of Canada.

(10)

William Lyon Mackenzie King
(1874–1950)
MP for Prince Albert, SK until 1945
MP for Glengarry, ON
October 23, 1935
–
November 15, 1948

1935 election (18th Parl't)
1940 election (19th Parl't)
1945 election (20th Parl't)

Liberal Party
16th
[24] [30]

Creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation; National Film Board of Canada; Unemployment Insurance Act of 1940; Nationalization of the Bank of Canada; Second World War; Conscription Crisis of 1944; Canada's entry into the United Nations; Trans-Canada Airlines; Gouzenko Affair.

12

Louis St. Laurent
(1882–1973)
MP for Quebec East, QC
November 15, 1948
–
June 21, 1957

Appointment (20th Parl't)
1949 election (21st Parl't)
1953 election (22nd Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1948
17th
[31] [32]

Minister of Justice, Secretary of State for External Affairs; Dominion of Newfoundland joins confederation; right of appeal to Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ended; Canada's entrance into NATO; Suez Crisis; Creation of the United Nations Emergency Force; London Declaration; Newfoundland Act; Equalization; Trans-Canada Highway; St. Lawrence Seaway; Trans-Canada Pipeline; Pipeline Debate.

13

John Diefenbaker
(1895–1979)
MP for Prince Albert, SK
June 21, 1957
–
April 22, 1963

1957 election (23rd Parl't)[Min.]
1958 election (24th Parl't)
1962 election (25th Parl't)[Min.]

Progressive Conservative Party
Named leader in 1956
18th
[33] [34]

Avro Arrow cancellation; Coyne Affair; Cuban Missile Crisis; NORAD; Establishment of Board of Broadcast Governors; Canadian Bill of Rights; Allowed status aboriginals to vote in federal elections 1960; Alouette 1 satellite programme.

14

Lester B. Pearson
(1897–1972)
MP for Algoma East, ON
April 22, 1963
–
April 20, 1968

1963 election (26th Parl't)[Min.]
1965 election (27th Parl't)[Min.]

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1958
19th
[35] [36]

Secretary of State for External Affairs; Bomarc missile program; Federal involvement in universal healthcare; Canada Pension Plan; Canada Student Loans; Creation of a new Canadian flag; Auto Pact; Rejection of troop deployment to Vietnam; Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism; Unification of the Armed Forces; Canadian Centennial Celebrations.

15

Pierre Trudeau
(1919–2000)
MP for Mount Royal, QC
April 20, 1968
–
June 3/4,[*] 1979

Appointment (27th Parl't)
1968 election (28th Parl't)
1972 election (29th Parl't)[Min.]
1974 election (30th Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1968
20th
[37]

Minister of Justice; "Trudeaumania"; "Just Society"; October Crisis and Use of the War Measures Act; Official Languages Act; Establishment of relations with Communist China; Victoria Charter; Creation of Petro-Canada; Membership in the G7; Metric Commission, Metrication of Canada, Creation of Via Rail.

16

Joe Clark
(b. 1939)
MP for Yellowhead, AB
June 4, 1979
–
March 2/3,[*] 1980

1979 election (31st Parl't)[Min.]

Progressive Conservative Party
Named leader in 1976
21st
[38]

Youngest Canadian PM. Defeated in a motion of no confidence on first budget.

(15)

Pierre Trudeau
(1919–2000)
MP for Mount Royal, QC
March 3, 1980
–
June 29/30,[*] 1984

1980 election (32nd Parl't)

Liberal Party
22nd
[37]

Quebec referendum, 1980; Access to Information Act; Patriation of the Canadian Constitution; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; National Energy Program; Canada Health Act; Western alienation.

17

John Turner
(b. 1929)
Did not serve in Parliament while Prime Minister
June 30, 1984
–
September 16/17,[*] 1984

Appointment (32nd Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1984
23rd
[39]

Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance; Trudeau Patronage Appointments. Never sat in parliament as Prime Minister.

18

Brian Mulroney
(b. 1939)
MP for Manicouagan, QC until 1988
MP for Charlevoix, QC
September 17, 1984
–
June 24/25,[*] 1993

1984 election (33rd Parl't)
1988 election (34th Parl't)

Progressive Conservative Party
Named leader in 1983
24th
[40]

Cancellation of the National Energy Program; Meech Lake Accord; Petro-Canada privatization; Canada-US Free Trade Agreement; Introduction of the Goods and Services Tax; Charlottetown Accord; Gulf War; Oka Crisis; Environmental Protection Act; Privatization of Air Canada, North American Free Trade Agreement; Airbus affair.

19

Kim Campbell
(b. 1947)
MP for Vancouver Centre, BC
June 25, 1993
–
November 3/4,[*] 1993

Appointment (34th Parl't)

Progressive Conservative Party
Named leader in 1993
25th
[41]

Minister of Justice, Minister of Veterans Affairs, Minister of National Defence, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs; Only female Prime Minister of Canada. Defeated and lost her seat in 1993 election.

20

Jean Chrétien
(b. 1934)
MP for Saint-Maurice, QC
November 4, 1993
–
December 11/12,[*] 2003

1993 election (35th Parl't)
1997 election (36th Parl't)
2000 election (37th Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 1990
26th
[42]

Minister of Finance, Minister of Indian Affairs, Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources, Minister of Justice and Energy Minister, President of the Treasury Board, Minister of National Revenue, Deputy Prime Minister of Canada; Privatization of Canadian National Railway, Red Book; Harmonized Sales Tax; Quebec referendum, 1995; Clarity Act; Assassination attempt; Kosovo War; 1997 Red River Flood; Social Union Framework Agreement; Creation of Nunavut Territory; Youth Criminal Justice Act; Operation Yellow Ribbon; Invasion of Afghanistan; Opposition to the Invasion of Iraq; Sponsorship scandal; Kyoto Protocol; Gomery Inquiry.

21

Paul Martin
(b. 1938)
MP for LaSalle—Émard, QC
December 12, 2003
–
February 5/6,[*] 2006

Appointment (37th Parl't)
2004 election (38th Parl't)[Min.]

Liberal Party
Named leader in 2003
27th
[40]

Minister of Finance; Minority government. Civil Marriage Act; Kelowna Accord; Rejection of US Anti-Missile Treaty; Sponsorship scandal; Gomery inquiry; G20; Atlantic Accord; Martin and his father Paul Martin Sr have the honorific title of Right Honourable.

22

Stephen Harper
(b. 1959)
MP for Calgary Southwest, AB
February 6, 2006
–
November 3/4,[*] 2015

2006 election (39th Parl't)[Min.]
2008 election (40th Parl't)[Min.]
2011 election (41st Parl't)

Conservative Party
Named leader in 2004
28th
[43]

Accountability Act; Softwood Lumber Agreement; Afghanistan Mission; 2006 Ontario terrorism plot; Québécois nation motion; Apologies for Residential Schools and Head Tax; 2008 Financial crisis; Coalition crisis; Economic Action Plan; Afghan detainee issue; Parliamentary contempt; Withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol; Repeal of the Long-Gun Registry; Senate expenses scandal; Anti-terrorism Act, 2015.

23

Justin Trudeau
(b. 1971)
MP for Papineau, QC
November 4, 2015
–
Incumbent

2015 election (42nd Parl't)

Liberal Party
Named leader in 2013
29th
[44]

Son of 15th Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau; simultaneously Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth; second father-and-son pair with honorific title of Right Honourable; did not allow senators to sit in the government caucus; Paris Agreement; 150th anniversary celebrations.

Min. Minority government
LS Party won the election, but prime minister lost own seat
* The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day." Under the Act, Prime Ministers' tenures are therefore credited as having concluded at the end of their last full day in office (the earlier date given), although their resignation was received by the Governor General on the following day. This provision applies to Trudeau in 1979[45] and 1984,[46] Clark,[47] Turner,[48] Mulroney,[49] Campbell,[50] Chrétien,[51] Martin,[51] and Harper.[51]

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Living former prime ministers[edit]

text: As of October 2017, there are seven living former Prime Ministers of Canada, the oldest being John Turner (born 1929). The most recent former Prime Minister to die was Pierre Trudeau (1968–1979, 1980–1984), on 28 September 2000. John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891) and John Thompson (1892–1894) are the only serving Prime Ministers to have died in office.

text:
Living former Prime Ministers in order of service:

Joe Clark
Served: 1979–1980
Age: 78

John Turner
Served: 1984
Age: 88

Brian Mulroney
Served: 1984–1993
Age: 78

Kim Campbell
Served: 1993
Age: 70

Jean Chrétien
Served: 1993–2003
Age: 83

Paul Martin
Served: 2003–2006
Age: 79

Stephen Harper
Served: 2006–2015
Age: 58

tag: ul


document_title: The Long, Hot Summer

question_text: where was the movie the long hot summer filmed

root

text: The Long, Hot Summer

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ben Quick is on trial, suspected of barn-burning, but when no solid evidence is found, the judge expels him from town. Ben hitches a ride to Frenchman's Bend, Mississippi, with two young women in a convertible, Clara Varner and her sister-in-law Eula (Lee Remick). Clara's father, Will Varner, is the domineering owner of most of the town.

tag: p

text: Ben goes to the Varner plantation. Will is away, but his only son, Jody, agrees to let Ben become a sharecropper on a vacant farm. When Will returns from a stay in the hospital, he is furious at Jody for hiring a notorious "barn burner," but soon begins to see in Ben a younger version of himself and comes to admire his ruthlessness and ambition, qualities that Jody lacks. Will is also disappointed with the man that his 23-year-old daughter, Clara, has been seeing for five or six years: Alan Stewart (Richard Anderson), a genteel Southern "blue blood" and a mama's boy.

text: Will therefore schemes to push his daughter and Ben together, to try to bring fresh, virile blood into the family. However, she is openly hostile to the crude, if magnetic, upstart. Will is determined to have his bloodline go on, so he offers to make Ben wealthy if he marries Clara. Meanwhile, Minnie Littlejohn (Angela Lansbury), Will's long-time mistress, is dissatisfied with their arrangement and wants to marry him.

text: Jody becomes increasingly frustrated, seeing his position in the family being undermined. After Ben sells some wild horses for Will, he is rewarded with the position of clerk in the general store, alongside Jody. Will even invites him to live in the family mansion.

text: This is the final straw for Jody. He pulls a gun on Ben and threatens to kill him.  Ben talks his way out by telling Jody about buried Civil War-era treasure he has supposedly found on a property that Will gave him, a down payment to seal their bargain over Clara. Jody starts digging and finds a bag of coins. He is elated, thinking he might finally free himself of his father's domination; he buys the land from Ben. Late that night, Will finds his son, still digging. After examining one of the coins, Will notices that it was minted in 1910. Jody is shattered.

text: Ben aggressively pursues Clara. She finally asks Alan what his intentions are, and does not like what she hears. A defeated Jody finds his father alone in their barn. Jody bolts the entrance and sets the barn on fire, but he cannot go through with it and releases Will. The incident leads to a reconciliation between father and son. Men from town assume Ben is the culprit and start toward him, but Will claims he accidentally started the fire by dropping his cigar.

text: The smell of fire brings back bad memories for Ben, who confesses to Clara that his father was a real barn-burner. He tells her how, at age ten, he warned a farmer that his father was about to set another fire. Ben's father got away, never seen again. Ben tells her he is leaving town, but Clara makes it clear she has fallen in love with him. An elated Will confides to Minnie that life is so good, he may have to live forever.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Paul Newman as Ben Quick. Newman met director Martin Ritt as a student at the Actors Studio, where Ritt was a teacher-assistant for Elia Kazan.[3] Newman, who was under a contract with Warner Brothers, was loaned to 20th Century Fox for a fee of US$75,000. Meanwhile, his contract earned him US$17,500 for each ten-week shot.[4] He travelled to Clinton, Louisiana, before the start of filming to study the mannerisms, accent and speech of the Southern men in order to create a proper characterization.[5]
Orson Welles as Will Varner. The character was inspired by Big Daddy Pollitt from Tennessee Williams' play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.[2] Welles' presence on the film was marked by multiple conflicts with director Martin Ritt. He agreed to take the role due to a tax debt of US$150,000; he stated years later, "I hated making Long Hot Summer. I've seldom been as unhappy in a picture".[6]

text: Director Martin Ritt met the three cast members listed below while they were students at the Actors Studio.[7][8]

text:
Joanne Woodward as Clara Varner. Woodward ended up marrying co-star Newman in 1958.
Anthony Franciosa as Jody Varner
Lee Remick as Eula Varner. Remick later admitted that during the shooting she was intimidated by Orson Welles on the set because of his "icon" status.[9]

text: The supporting roles were played by:

text:
Angela Lansbury as Minnie Littlejohn
Richard Anderson as Alan Stewart
Sarah Marshall as Agnes Stewart
Mabel Albertson as Elizabeth Stewart
J. Pat O'Malley as Ratliff
William "Bill" Walker as Lucius

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Producer Jerry Wald hired former co-worker and Warner Brothers director Martin Ritt to shoot the adaptation of two William Faulkner novels based on a recommendation by script writer Irving Ravetch.[10] Wald convinced the studio executives to pay US$50,000 for the rights for the novels The Sound and the Fury and The Hamlet. The first to be produced, The Hamlet, was renamed The Long Hot Summer to avoid confusion with William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.[11] Ravetch and Harriet Frank, Jr. wrote the script, also adding fragments from Faulkner's short stories "Barn Burning" and "Spotted Horses".[12] In the new script, the book's main character, Flem Snopes, and the rest of the Snopes family were removed. The plot was recentered on a minor character, Ben Quick, and the reconciliation of the Varner family.[13][14] On their first important screenplay, Ravetch and Frank implemented their signature style, using the names of characters and a few details of the plot but significantly modifying the details of the story.[15] The final product was heavily influenced by Tennessee Williams' play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof,[16] resulting in an "erotically charged" story.[17][18]

text: Locations[edit]

text: The film was shot in Clinton and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in CinemaScope color,[11] with a budget of  US$1,645,000.[19] A Southern Gothic story,[18] Ritt decided to shoot it on location to capture the characteristics of the area, emphasizing the regional details.[12] Ritt met leading actor Paul Newman while teaching at the Actors Studio. The rest of the main cast also consisted of former Actors Studio alumni, including Joanne Woodward, Anthony Franciosa and Lee Remick.[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The film attracted attention for the appearance of Orson Welles as Will Varner, the patriarch of the family. 20th Century Fox wanted to avoid the casting of Welles due to his temperament, but the studio was persuaded by Ritt, who considered him the right actor for the role.[11][20] The director and the actor had several marked differences during the shooting of the movie, which included problems with the interpretation of the lines, costume design and the position of Welles while shooting the scenes.[21] At one point during the production, Welles informed Ritt that he did not want to memorize his lines, requesting instead that they be dubbed afterwards.[22] Part of the cast was intimidated by Welles' temperamental attitude.[23]

text: The conflicts between Welles and Ritt attracted media attention. Immediately after filming was completed, during an interview with Life, Welles explained that the cause of his behavior was that he did not know what kind of "monkeyshines" his co-stars would be or the "caprices" they would receive from him. He also stated that they overcame the differences and completed the film.[24]  Welles later wrote a letter to Ritt praising his work and apologizing for his interference during the making of the movie. Ritt replied, expounding his admiration for Welles.[25] Despite the mutual apologies, during an interview in 1965, Ritt recalled an incident on the set. While the film was being shot, it was often stopped by bad weather. During a day suitable for shooting, he found Welles not ready for the scene, instead reading a newspaper in Spanish. Ritt decided to skip Welles' scene and shoot the next one. He attributed Welles' later cooperation to the incident, which Welles had found humiliating.  Ritt thus earned the nickname "the Orson Tamer" throughout the Hollywood community.[23]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Long Hot Summer
Soundtrack album by Jimmie Rodgers, Alex North, Lionel NewmanReleased
June 1958 (1958-06)Length
35:58Label
Roulette Records
"The Long, Hot Summer" song
Audio sample featuring vocal by Jimmie Rodgersfilehelp

tag: table

text: Alex North composed the film's score, which leaned toward a jazz style. "The Long Hot Summer" was the only song written by North to be used as the title track of a film. Composed in a AABA form, it was characterized by its lyricisms and its "tense dissonant" jazz-figures. The lyrics of the song were written by Sammy Cahn, while instrumental variations of the melody were used throughout the film, underlining the progression of the relationship between Ben and Clara.[26] Recorded by Jimmie Rodgers,  it was released by Roulette Records, reaching number 77 on Billboard's Top 100 Sides in June 1958.[27] The orchestra was conducted by Lionel Newman.[28][29]

text: Billboard described the soundtrack as "a model of music use in a dramatic  film".[30] On another review, Billboard favored the album, stating that it "makes for good listening out of the cinematic context" and that the financial success of the soundtrack may have been propelled by Jimmie Rodgers' "smooth vocal treatment".  The publication praised North's musical understanding of the deep South, and particularly praised the song "Eula", describing it as a "pure gem of sex-on-wax".[31]

text: Track listing[28][29]No.TitleLength1."The Long, Hot Summer"2:262."Ashamed – Gentlemen"6:043."Two Butterflies"2:304."The Lynchers – The Barn Burns – Joy"4:505."Big Daddy – Crushed"1:556."Eula"3:207."Barn Burners"4:508."Loot – Respect"4:409."Encounter"2:0510."The Long, Hot Summer – Summertime"3:18

text: Release and reception[edit]

text:
The movie opened to good reviews but did not score a significant profit at the box office,[32] grossing US$3,500,000.[33]
Billboard commended the acting as "first-rate" and "robust", with particular praise for Woodward, and also praised Ritt's direction.[30] Meanwhile, The Reporter highlighted the film's similarities to the play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and described the cast as "an impressive one", but remarked that the actors and characters "never seem to get together". The review called Welles' "great" and "gusty", but described Woodward's participation as a "poker bluff".[34]

text: Time described Newman's performance as "mean and keen as a cackle-edge scythe". The publication also praised Woodward, stating her acting was delivered with "fire and grace not often seen in a movie queen", but decried Welles' acting as "scarcely an improvement" on his performance in his previous role, in Moby Dick.[35] Variety praised the scriptwriters for the successful merging of the three Faulkner stories that inspired the film. The review also praised Martin Ritt, the camerawork by Joseph LaShelle, and the film's musical score.[36] Cosmopolitan called the movie a "gutsy melodrama".[37]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The film reestablished the career of Martin Ritt, who had been on the blacklist for most of the decade for alleged associations with communists.[38] Paul Newman's performance as Ben Quick brought him national fame,[39] as well as the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival. During the production, Newman married co-star Joanne Woodward.[40]

text: In 2002, the American Film Institute nominated this film for AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions.[41]

text: Spin-offs and sequels[edit]

text: The Long Hot Summer (1965-66)[edit]

text: A television series of the same name aired between 1965 and 1966, featuring Dan O'Herlihy, Roy Thinnes, Nancy Malone, Lana Wood, Ruth Roman, and Edmond O'Brien.[42]

text: The Long Hot Summer (1985)[edit]

text: It was remade for television in 1985, featuring Jason Robards, Don Johnson, and Cybill Shepherd. This rendition received two Emmy nominations, for Outstanding Miniseries and Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or a Special.[43]

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Cohn, Lawrence (October 15, 1990). "All-Time Film Rental Champs". Variety. p. M170.

^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Gabriel 2000, p. 29.

Jump up ^ United States Congress 2009, p. 23427.

Jump up ^ Lax, Eric 1996, p. 83.

Jump up ^ Quirk, Lawrence 2009, p. 75.

Jump up ^ Quirk, Lawrence 2009, p. 76.

Jump up ^ Miller, Gabriel 2003, p. 165, 166.

Jump up ^ Benard, Jami 2005, p. 187.

Jump up ^ Jackson, Carlton 1994, p. 51.

Jump up ^ Buhle, Paul; Wagner, Dave 2003, p. 185.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Miller, Gabriel 2000, p. 27.

^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Gabriel 2003, p. 191.

Jump up ^ Palmer, William; Bray, William Robert 2009, p. 217.

Jump up ^ Miller, Gabriel 2000, p. 28.

Jump up ^ Miller, Gabriel 2000, p. 29, 30, 31, 32.

Jump up ^ Quirk, Lawrence 2009, p. 75.

Jump up ^ Miller, Gabriel 2003, p. 191.

^ Jump up to: a b Benard, Jami 2005, p. 188.

Jump up ^ Solomon, Aubrey 1989, p. 251.

Jump up ^ Miller, Gabriel 2000, p. 28.

Jump up ^ Jackson, Carlton 1994, p. 50.

Jump up ^ Quirk, Lawrence 2009, p. 76.

^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Carlton 1994, p. 51.

Jump up ^ Life magazine staff 1958, p. 53.

Jump up ^ Jackson, Carlton 1994, p. 52.

Jump up ^ Lenderson, Sanya; Williams, John 2009, p. 56.

Jump up ^ Billboard Staff 1958, p. 34.

^ Jump up to: a b iTunes staff 2008.

^ Jump up to: a b Soundtrack Collector staff 2006.

^ Jump up to: a b Sinclair, Charles 1958, p. 7.

Jump up ^ Billboard Staff (2) 1958, p. 3.

Jump up ^ Jackson, Carlton 1994, p. 53, 54.

Jump up ^ Matelski, Marilyn 1991, p. 116.

Jump up ^ Weales, Gerard 1958, p. 43, 44.

Jump up ^ Times staff 1958, p. 86.

Jump up ^ Variety staff 1957.

Jump up ^ Cosmopolitan staff 1958, p. 12, 13.

Jump up ^ Gilliam, Richard 2013.

Jump up ^ Cornelison, Pam; Yanak, Ted 2004, p. 351.

Jump up ^ Schwartz, Richard 2009, p. 368.

Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-21.

Jump up ^ Lisante, Tom 2000, p. 186, 187.

Jump up ^ Latham, Caroline 1985, p. 123.

tag: ol


document_title: Nose ring (animal)

question_text: how do you put a ring in a bull's nose

question_tokens: how do you put a ring in a bull 's nose

text: Nose ring (animal)

text: History[edit]

text: Historically, the use of nose rings for controlling animals dates to the dawn of recorded human civilization.  They were used in ancient Sumer and are seen on the Standard of Ur, where they were used on both bovines and equines.[1]

text: Use[edit]

text: The nose ring assists the handler to control a dangerous animal with minimal risk of injury or disruption by exerting stress on one of the most sensitive parts of the animal, the nose.  Bulls, especially, are powerful and sometimes unpredictable animals which, if uncontrolled, can kill or severely injure a human handler.[2][3]

text: Control of the bull may be done by holding the ring by hand, looping a piece of rope through it, clipping on a bull staff.  A rope or chain from the ring may be attached to a bull's horns or to a head-collar for additional control.

text: With an aggressive bull, a short length of chain or rope may be left hanging loose from the ring, so when he ducks in a threatening manner, the bull will step on the chain and be deterred from attacking.[4]  This lead may also facilitate capture and control of a frisky bull.[5]

text: Construction and insertion[edit]

text: Bull rings are usually about 3 to 5 inches (8 to 13 cm) in diameter, depending on the size of the bull.  Bull rings are commonly made from aluminium, stainless steel or copper, in the form of a pair of hinged semicircles, held closed by a small brass bolt whose head is broken off during installation.  If a ring needs to be removed (for example, if the bull has grown out of it), it is cut or unscrewed.

text: The ring is normally placed on the bull between 9 and 12 months of age.[6]  It is usually done by a veterinarian, who pierces the septum with a scalpel or punch. Self-piercing rings (with sharp ends designed to be pressed through the septum and then pulled together with a screw) have been available for many years; these are also usually installed by a veterinarian rather than the owner.[7][8]

text: Other designs[edit]

text: Calf-weaning ring[edit]

text: Calf-weaning nose rings or nosebands provide an alternative to separating calves from their mothers during the weaning period. They have plastic spikes which are uncomfortable for the mother, causing her to reject the calf's efforts at suckling. Weaning nose rings are also available for sheep and goats. These nose rings (usually made of plastic) clip onto the nose without piercing it, and are reusable.

text: Bulldogs[edit]

text: Self-locking or spring-closing show-lead nose rings, also called "bulldogs" or nose grips, are removable rings that do not require the nose to be pierced. They are often used on steers and cows, along with a halter, at agricultural shows, or when handling cattle for examination, marking or treatment.  They stay shut until released, and usually have a loop for the attachment of a cord or lead rope.  They give similar control to a bull ring without the need for permanent attachment.

text: Bull tongs[edit]

text: Bull-holders, also known as bull-tongs, have a pliers action and are used for short periods on grown cattle when they are being mouthed or drenched. A chain, rope or strap keeps the grips closed and may be passed over a bar at the front of a head bail to elevate the head.  The thumb and forefinger may also used in this way on smaller animals.

text: Pig nose rings[edit]

text: Rooting is the act of a pig nudging into something with its snout, such as into the dirt to unearth plants to eat. In some circumstances, owners of pigs may find this undesirable.  Nose rings make rooting painful for the animal, although a ringed pig may still able to forage freely through leaf litter and surface vegetation.  Pig nose-ringing may sometimes be required by local regulations, as when farm pigs are released into public woods to pannage (such as on the New Forest in southern England).

text: Nose rings specifically designed for pigs usually consist of open copper or steel wire rings with sharp ends, about one inch (about 2.5 cm) in diameter.  These are typically clipped to the rim of the nose instead of through the septum, as this is far more painful to the pig and is considered "thus more effective for deterring the pig from rooting than piercing through the septum is".  As they may sometimes become dislodged, an adult pig may be given three to four rings.

text: Bull handling in the show ring[edit]

text: For safety reasons, many show societies require bulls over 12 months to be led with a nose ring.   A bull may be led by a rope tied through the ring, although a halter (headcollar) is usually also used so as not to rely unduly on the nose ring for control. If the bull has horns, the lead rope may also be fastened around those and then passed down through the nose ring.  Some shows require other cattle to be led with nose grips (bulldogs). Several methods exist for handling a bull with a ring installed.  One method of leading a bull is to have one person on either side of the bull with both halter lead ropes through the ring, which prevents the bull from gaining pace and also from running into the handlers.[9] Another practice is for one handler to use a rope and the other a bull-staff attached to the ring.[10][11]

text: Bull handling on the farm or ranch[edit]

text: It is estimated that 42% of all livestock-related human fatalities are a result of bull attacks, and only about one in twenty victims of a bull attack survives.[12] Dairy breed bulls are particularly dangerous and unpredictable; the hazards of bull handling are a significant cause of injury and death for dairy farmers in some parts of the United States.[13][14][15]  Most cattle breeders recognize the importance of looking after expensive bulls that are expected to improve herds and profits. Nonetheless, the dangers of bull handling, particularly from dairy bulls in close quarters, are regularly proven by the obituaries.[16] Good bull management and safety practices require caution in handling beef and dairy bulls, and use of the nose ring and chain is a recommended precaution for modern farmers.[17][18]

text: However, in many regions, particularly in the beef industry, bulls do not have nose rings unless they are to be exhibited and they are generally driven about as other cattle would be.[19]   Cows with young calves can be particularly dangerous if protecting their young, and cattle in general, including calves, steers and bullocks, do cause many serious human injuries and deaths.[20][21][22]

text: Generally the use of both a ring and a halter, and management of the bull by two people, is the preferred method today for controlling the bull.   Typically, a bull was led by a wooden staff with a steel end that snapped into the ring.[23] A long rigid steel or wooden bull staff locked into the ring could also be used to push a bull out of a pen without requiring the handler to enter the pen for cleaning or feeding.[24] Because of the risk that the bull may drive the staff into the handler if the bull misbehaves[25] many handlers prefer to avoid their use nowadays.  One current veterinary text still recommends the use of a staff in addition to the halter:

text: Many handlers rely on a nose ring to control a bull.  But a ring in his nose is no good unless you have a bull staff and use it.  A bull staff is a pole with a snap in the end that clips to the bull ring.  Leading a bull with a staff gives you a lot more handling power as the bull can't get any closer to you than the length of the staff allows. Leading him only by a chain in the ring lets him run over you at will.[26]

text: Most dairy or beef farms traditionally had at least one, if not several, bulls for breeding purposes.[27][28] The handling of an aggressive, powerful animal was a practical issue with life-threatening consequences for the farmer.[2]  The need to move the bull in and out of his pen to cover cows exposed the farmer to serious jeopardy of life and limb.[29] Being trampled, jammed against a wall or gored by a bull was one of the most frequent causes of death in the dairy industry prior to 1940.[30] As suggested in one popular farming magazine, "Handle [the bull] with a staff and take no chances.  The gentle bull, not the vicious one, most often kills or maims his keeper." [31]

text: When allowed outside his pen, the bull typically was kept in a halter connected by a strap snapped into the ring in his nose for ease of control.[32] In the bull pen, the use of a ring connected by a cable to a fixed point was recommended as a means of controlling and securing the bull while allowing a degree of movement by the subject bull.[33]  If the pen was strong enough, the bull could be turned loose, and if needed, placed in a stanchion.[34] Farmers who lacked an assistant, or a bull staff, had no choice but to adopt other means.  Some farmers elected to move their bulls by tying a rope to the ring and tying the other end of the rope to a farm tractor, providing both motive power and a degree of protection from the angry bull.[35]  The efficacy of this technique is doubtful, and may depend on the size of the tractor and of the bull; one authority has "seen a bull lift the front end of a tractor like a toy".[26]  Others used dogs and horses.  Not all farmers could afford specially designed and manufactured bull handling products, which were not readily available until the 1980s.  The experimental improvisation of techniques for bull handling, as in many aspects of family farming, was a common practice.[36][37]


document_title: Germany at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: when was the last time germany lost in the world cup

text: Germany at the FIFA World Cup

text: Records[edit]

text:
1930–1938 as  →  →  Germany
1950–1990 as  West Germany
1994–present as  Germany

text: Champions       Runners-up       Third place       Fourth place

text:
FIFA World Cup finals record

Qualifications record

Year

Round

Position

GP

W

D*

L

GF

GA

Squad

GP

W

D

L

GF

GA

 1930
Did not enter

Did not enter
—

 1934
Third place
3rd
4
3
0
1
11
8
Squad

1
1
0
0
9
1
1934

 1938
First round
10th
2
0
1
1
3
5
Squad

3
3
0
0
11
1
1938

 1950
Banned from entering

1950

 1954
Champions
1st
6
5
0
1
25
14
Squad

4
3
1
0
12
3
1954

 1958
Fourth place
4th
6
2
2
2
12
14
Squad

Qualified as defending champions
1958

 1962
Quarter-finals
7th
4
2
1
1
4
2
Squad

4
4
0
0
11
5
1962

 1966
Runners-up
2nd
6
4
1
1
15
6
Squad

4
3
1
0
14
2
1966

 1970
Third place
3rd
6
5
0
1
17
10
Squad

6
5
1
0
20
3
1970

 1974
Champions
1st
7
6
0
1
13
4
Squad

Qualified as hosts
1974

 1978
Second group stage
6th
6
1
4
1
10
5
Squad

Qualified as defending champions
1978

 1982
Runners-up
2nd
7
3
2
2
12
10
Squad

8
8
0
0
33
3
1982

 1986
Runners-up
2nd
7
3
2
2
8
7
Squad

8
5
2
1
22
9
1986

 1990
Champions
1st
7
5
2
0
15
5
Squad

6
3
3
0
13
3
1990

 1994
Quarter-finals
5th
5
3
1
1
9
7
Squad

Qualified as defending champions
1994

 1998
Quarter-finals
7th
5
3
1
1
8
6
Squad

10
6
4
0
23
9
1998

  2002
Runners-up
2nd
7
5
1
1
14
3
Squad

10
6
3
1
19
12
2002

 2006
Third place
3rd
7
5
1
1
14
6
Squad

Qualified as hosts
2006

 2010
Third place
3rd
7
5
0
2
16
5
Squad

10
8
2
0
26
5
2010

 2014
Champions
1st
7
6
1
0
18
4
Squad

10
9
1
0
36
10
2014

 2018
Group stage
22nd
3
1
0
2
2
4
Squad

10
10
0
0
43
4
2018

 2022
To be decided
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
2022

   2026
To be decided
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
2026

Total
19/21
4 titles
109
67
20*
22
226
125

94
74
18
2
292
70
Total

text:
showGermany's World Cup record

First Match

 Germany 5–2 Belgium  (27 May 1934; Florence, Italy)

Biggest Win

 Germany 8–0 Saudi Arabia  (1 June 2002; Sapporo, Japan)

Biggest Defeat

 Hungary 8-3 West Germany  (20 June 1954; Basel, Switzerland)

Best Result

Champions at the 1954, 1974, 1990, and 2014 World Cups

Worst Result

Round 1 in 1938, Group Stage in 2018

text: Winning World Cups[edit]

text:
Year

Manager

Captain

Winning Goal Scorer(s)

1954

Sepp Herberger

Fritz Walter

Helmut Rahn

1974

Helmut Schön

Franz Beckenbauer

Gerd Müller

1990

Franz Beckenbauer

Lothar Matthäus

Andreas Brehme

2014

Joachim Löw

Philipp Lahm

Mario Götze

text: FIFA World Cup finals[edit]

text: 1954 World Cup Final v Hungary[edit]

text: Only 14 days before the final, Germany played the favoured Hungarian Golden Team in the first round of the tournament and suffered a 3-8 loss, their highest World Cup defeat to this day. In the final, Hungary was up by two goals after only eight minutes, so it came as a surprise that the German team not only quickly equalized but turned the game around in the 84th minute with a goal scored by Helmut Rahn.

text:
West Germany

3–2

 Hungary

Morlock  10'
Rahn  18', 84'

Report

Puskás  6'
Czibor  8'

text:
GK
1
Toni Turek

RB
7
Josef Posipal

CB
10
Werner Liebrich

LB
3
Werner Kohlmeyer

HB
6
Horst Eckel

HB
8
Karl Mai

IR
13
Max Morlock

IL
16
Fritz Walter (c)

OR
12
Helmut Rahn

CF
15
Ottmar Walter

OL
20
Hans Schäfer

Manager:

Sepp Herberger

GK
1
Gyula Grosics

RB
2
Jenő Buzánszky

CB
3
Gyula Lóránt

LB
4
Mihály Lantos

HB
5
József Bozsik

HB
6
József Zakariás

RW
11
Zoltán Czibor

AM
9
Nándor Hidegkuti

LW
20
Mihály Tóth

CF
8
Sándor Kocsis

CF
10
Ferenc Puskás (c)

Manager:

Gusztáv Sebes

text: 1966 World Cup Final v England[edit]

text: The strongly contested game between Germany and host nation England went into extra time after a score of 2-2 after 90 minutes. Geoff Hurst's goal in the 101st minute is one of the most controversial in football history: His shot bounced off the cross-bar onto the ground and back away from the goal. After a brief discussion with the Soviet linesman Tofiq Bahramov, referee Gottfried Dienst awarded the goal. With the Germans forced to press for the equalizer, Hurst converted a counter attack in the 120th minute and decided the match for England.

text:
England

4–2 (a.e.t.)

 West Germany

Hurst  18', 101', 120'Peters  78'

Report

Haller  12'Weber  89'

text:
GK
1
Gordon Banks

RB
2
George Cohen

CB
5
Jack Charlton

CB
6
Bobby Moore (c)

LB
3
Ray Wilson

DM
4
Nobby Stiles

RM
7
Alan Ball

AM
9
Bobby Charlton

LM
16
Martin Peters
 20'

CF
10
Geoff Hurst

CF
21
Roger Hunt

Manager:

Alf Ramsey

GK
1
Hans Tilkowski

RB
2
Horst-Dieter Höttges

CB
5
Willi Schulz

CB
6
Wolfgang Weber

LB
3
Karl-Heinz Schnellinger

CM
4
Franz Beckenbauer

CM
12
Wolfgang Overath

RF
8
Helmut Haller

CF
9
Uwe Seeler (c)

CF
10
Sigfried Held

LF
11
Lothar Emmerich

Manager:

Helmut Schön

text: 1974 World Cup Final v the Netherlands[edit]

text: Germany reached the final as host nation in 1974 and were facing their neighbours and rivals from the Netherlands. After an early penalty scored by Johan Neeskens, Germany turned the game around to win their second World Cup trophy.

text:
Netherlands

1–2

 West Germany

Neeskens  2' (pen.)

Report

Breitner  25' (pen.)Müller  43'

text:
GK
8
Jan Jongbloed

RB
20
Wim Suurbier

CB
17
Wim Rijsbergen

 69'

CB
2
Arie Haan

LB
12
Ruud Krol

RM
6
Wim Jansen

CM
13
Johan Neeskens
 40'

LM
3
Willem van Hanegem
 23'

RF
16
Johnny Rep

CF
14
Johan Cruyff (c)
 45'

LF
15
Rob Rensenbrink

 46'

Substitutes:

GK
18
Piet Schrijvers

DF
5
Rinus Israël

MF
7
Theo de Jong

 69'

MF
10
René van de Kerkhof

 46'

FW
9
Piet Keizer

Manager:

Rinus Michels

GK
1
Sepp Maier

RB
2
Berti Vogts
 4'

CB
5
Franz Beckenbauer (c)

CB
4
Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck

LB
3
Paul Breitner

RM
16
Rainer Bonhof

CM
14
Uli Hoeneß

LM
12
Wolfgang Overath

RF
9
Jürgen Grabowski

CF
13
Gerd Müller

LF
17
Bernd Hölzenbein

Substitutes:

GK
21
Norbert Nigbur

DF
6
Horst-Dieter Höttges

MF
8
Bernhard Cullmann

MF
15
Heinz Flohe

FW
11
Jupp Heynckes

Manager:

Helmut Schön

text: 1982 World Cup Final v Italy[edit]

text: Paul Breitner became only the third player in World Cup history to have scored in two separate finals, but only after the Italians had already taken a 3-0 lead after 81 minutes.

text:
Italy

3–1

 West Germany

Rossi  57'Tardelli  69'Altobelli  81'

Report

Breitner  83'

text:
GK
1
Dino Zoff (c)

SW
7
Gaetano Scirea

CB
6
Claudio Gentile

CB
5
Fulvio Collovati

RWB
3
Giuseppe Bergomi

LWB
4
Antonio Cabrini

DM
13
Gabriele Oriali
 73'

RM
16
Bruno Conti
 31'

CM
14
Marco Tardelli

LW
19
Francesco Graziani

 7'

CF
20
Paolo Rossi

Substitutions:

GK
12
Ivano Bordon

MF
10
Giuseppe Dossena

MF
11
Giampiero Marini

MF
15
Franco Causio

 89'

FW
18
Alessandro Altobelli

 7'
 89'

Manager:

Enzo Bearzot

GK
1
Harald Schumacher

SW
15
Uli Stielike
 73'

RB
20
Manfred Kaltz

CB
4
Karlheinz Förster

LB
5
Bernd Förster

RM
6
Wolfgang Dremmler
 61'
 62'

CM
3
Paul Breitner

LM
2
Hans-Peter Briegel

RW
11
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (c)

 70'

LW
7
Pierre Littbarski
 88'

CF
8
Klaus Fischer

Substitutions:

GK
21
Bernd Franke

DF
12
Wilfried Hannes

MF
10
Hansi Müller

 70'

MF
14
Felix Magath

FW
9
Horst Hrubesch

 62'

Manager:

Jupp Derwall

text: 1986 World Cup Final v Argentina[edit]

text: With the highest attendance ever at a FIFA World Cup final, West Germany faced Argentina in Mexico City. Although the South Americans' star player Diego Maradona was closely guarded by the German team, he assisted the decisive 3-2 scored by Jorge Burruchaga, ensuring his country's second World Cup win. Late during the match, three yellow cards were given to Argentinians for time wasting.

text:
Argentina

3–2

 West Germany

Brown  23'Valdano  56'Burruchaga  84'

Report

Rummenigge  74'Völler  81'

text:
GK
18
Nery Pumpido
 85'

SW
5
José Luis Brown

CB
9
José Cuciuffo

CB
19
Oscar Ruggeri

RWB
14
Ricardo Giusti

LWB
16
Julio Olarticoechea
 77'

DM
2
Sergio Batista

CM
12
Héctor Enrique
 81'

AM
7
Jorge Burruchaga

 90'

SS
10
Diego Maradona (c)
 17'

CF
11
Jorge Valdano

Substitutions:

MF
21
Marcelo Trobbiani

 90'

Manager:

Carlos Bilardo

GK
1
Harald Schumacher

SW
17
Ditmar Jakobs

CB
4
Karlheinz Förster

CB
2
Hans-Peter Briegel
 62'

RWB
14
Thomas Berthold

LWB
3
Andreas Brehme

CM
6
Norbert Eder

CM
8
Lothar Matthäus
 21'

AM
10
Felix Magath

 62'

CF
11
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (c)

CF
19
Klaus Allofs

 46'

Substitutions:

FW
9
Rudi Völler

 46'

FW
20
Dieter Hoeneß

 62'

Manager:

Franz Beckenbauer

text: 1990 World Cup Final v Argentina[edit]

text: For this re-match of the 1986 Final, Argentina played extremely defensively. Defender Pedro Monzón became the first player ever to receive a red card in a World Cup final, only to be joined by team mate Gustavo Dezotti 22 minutes later. Although West Germany was the dominating side with 23:1 shots, it is fitting that the rough match was decided by a penalty kick taken by Andreas Brehme.

text: Franz Beckenbauer achieved the feat to lose and then win a World Cup final each as player (1966, 1974) and manager (1986, 1990).

text:
West Germany

1–0

 Argentina

Brehme  85' (pen.)

Report

text:
GK
1
Bodo Illgner

SW
5
Klaus Augenthaler

CB
6
Guido Buchwald

CB
4
Jürgen Kohler

RWB
14
Thomas Berthold

 73'

LWB
3
Andreas Brehme

CM
8
Thomas Häßler

CM
10
Lothar Matthäus (c)

CM
7
Pierre Littbarski

CF
9
Rudi Völler
 52'

CF
18
Jürgen Klinsmann

Substitutes:

GK
12
Raimond Aumann

DF
2
Stefan Reuter

 73'

MF
15
Uwe Bein

MF
20
Olaf Thon

FW
13
Karl-Heinz Riedle

Manager:

Franz Beckenbauer

GK
12
Sergio Goycochea

SW
20
Juan Simón

CB
18
José Serrizuela

CB
19
Oscar Ruggeri

 46'

RWB
4
José Basualdo

LWB
17
Roberto Sensini

DM
13
Néstor Lorenzo

CM
21
Pedro Troglio
 84'

AM
10
Diego Maradona (c)
 87'

CM
7
Jorge Burruchaga

 53'

CF
9
Gustavo Dezotti
 5', 87'

Substitutes:

GK
22
Fabián Cancelarich

DF
5
Edgardo Bauza

DF
15
Pedro Monzón
 65'
 46'

MF
6
Gabriel Calderón

 53'

FW
3
Abel Balbo

Manager:

Carlos Bilardo

text: 2002 World Cup Final v Brazil[edit]

text: With only one goal against during the six matches leading up to the final, hopes were on the German defence to withstand Brazil's star quality strikers. Germany's playmaker Michael Ballack was suspended for the final after picking his second yellow card of the tournament in the semi-final against South Korea. Two goals from Ronaldo in the middle of the second half decided the match in favour of the South Americans and ensured their record fifth title.

text:
Germany

0–2

 Brazil

Report

Ronaldo  67', 79'

text:
GK
1
Oliver Kahn (c)

CB
2
Thomas Linke

CB
5
Carsten Ramelow

CB
21
Christoph Metzelder

RM
22
Torsten Frings

CM
8
Dietmar Hamann

CM
16
Jens Jeremies

 77'

LM
17
Marco Bode

 84'

AM
19
Bernd Schneider

CF
11
Miroslav Klose
 9'
 74'

CF
7
Oliver Neuville

Substitutes:

FW
20
Oliver Bierhoff

 74'

FW
14
Gerald Asamoah

 77'

MF
6
Christian Ziege

 84'

Manager:

 Rudi Völler

GK
1
Marcos

CB
3
Lúcio

CB
5
Edmílson

CB
4
Roque Júnior
 6'

RM
2
Cafu (c)

CM
8
Gilberto Silva

CM
15
Kléberson

LM
6
Roberto Carlos

AM
11
Ronaldinho

 85'

CF
10
Rivaldo

CF
9
Ronaldo

 90'

Substitutes:

MF
19
Juninho

 85'

MF
17
Denílson

 90'

Manager:

 Brazil Luiz Felipe Scolari

text: 2014 World Cup Final v Argentina[edit]

text: Despite defeating host country Brazil 7–1, Germany was supported by the home fans due to  Brazil's rivalry with Argentina . This record third match-up of two teams in World Cup finals saw good chances for both sides in regular time, but stayed goalless until substitute striker Mario Götze scored during the second half of extra time, in the 113th minute. The fourth title was the first since Germany's reunification in October 1990.

text:
Germany

1–0 (a.e.t.)

 Argentina

Götze  113'

Report

text:
GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CB
20
Jérôme Boateng

CB
5
Mats Hummels

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes
 34'

CM
23
Christoph Kramer

 31'

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger
 29'

CM
18
Toni Kroos

RW
13
Thomas Müller

LW
8
Mesut Özil

 120'

CF
11
Miroslav Klose

 88'

Substitutions:

FW
9
André Schürrle

 31'

MF
19
Mario Götze

 88'

DF
17
Per Mertesacker

 120'

Manager:

 Joachim Löw

GK
1
Sergio Romero

RB
4
Pablo Zabaleta

CB
15
Martín Demichelis

CB
2
Ezequiel Garay

LB
16
Marcos Rojo

CM
14
Javier Mascherano
 64'

CM
6
Lucas Biglia

RW
8
Enzo Pérez

 86'

LW
22
Ezequiel Lavezzi

 46'

SS
10
Lionel Messi (c)

CF
9
Gonzalo Higuaín

 78'

Substitutions:

FW
20
Sergio Agüero
 65'
 46'

FW
18
Rodrigo Palacio

 78'

MF
5
Fernando Gago

 86'

Manager:

 Alejandro Sabella

text: Record players[edit]

text: Lothar Matthäus is the FIFA World Cup's all-time record player. In addition, along with Antonio Carbajal and Rafael Márquez from Mexico, he is one of the few players to have been fielded in five FIFA World Cups.

text: Miroslav Klose, who is only one match behind, also holds the record for most victories at FIFA World Cups (17).

text:
No.

Name

Matches

World Cups

1
Lothar Matthäus
25
1982, 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1998

2
Miroslav Klose
24
2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014

3
Uwe Seeler
21
1958, 1962, 1966 and 1970

4
Philipp Lahm
20
2006, 2010 and 2014

Bastian Schweinsteiger
20
2006, 2010 and 2014

6
Wolfgang Overath
19
1966, 1970 and 1974

Berti Vogts
19
1970, 1974 and 1978

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
19
1978, 1982 and 1986

Per Mertesacker
19
2006, 2010 and 2014

10
Franz Beckenbauer
18
1966, 1970 and 1974

Sepp Maier
18
1970, 1974 and 1978

Thomas Berthold
18
1986, 1990 and 1994

text: Top goalscorers[edit]

text: Since 2014, Miroslav Klose is the all-time top goalscorer at FIFA World Cup final tournaments. Gerd Müller used to be the holder of that record from 1974 until it was broken by Ronaldo in 2006.

text:
No.

Name

Goals

World Cups

1
Miroslav Klose
16
2002 (5), 2006 (5), 2010 (4) and 2014 (2)

2
Gerd Müller
14
1970 (10) and 1974 (4)

3
Jürgen Klinsmann
11
1990 (3), 1994 (5) and 1998 (3)

4
Thomas Müller
10
2010 (5) and 2014 (5)

Helmut Rahn
10
1954 (4) and 1958 (6)

6
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
9
1978 (3), 1982 (5) and 1986 (1)

Uwe Seeler
9
1958 (2), 1962 (2), 1966 (2) and 1970 (3)

8
Rudi Völler
8
1986 (3), 1990 (3) and 1994 (2)

9
Hans Schäfer
7
1954 (4) and 1958 (3)

10
Helmut Haller
6
1966

Lothar Matthäus
6
1986 (1), 1990 (4) and 1994 (1)

Max Morlock
6
1954

text: By match[edit]

text:
showYear as

Round

Against

Score

Scorers

1934
Round 1
 Belgium
5–2
Kobierski, Siffing, Conen (3)

Quarter-final
 Sweden
2–1
Hohmann (2)

Semi-final
 Czechoslovakia
1–3
Noack

Third place match
 Austria
3–2
Lehner (2), Conen

1938
Round 1
  Switzerland
1–1 (AET)
Gauchel

Round 1 (replay)
  Switzerland
2–4
Hahnemann, Lörtscher (o.g.)

1954
Group 2
 Turkey
4–1
Schäfer, Klodt, O. Walter, Morlock

Group 2
 Hungary
3–8
Pfaff, Rahn, Herrmann

Play-off
 Turkey
7–2
O. Walter, Schäfer (2), Morlock (3), F. Walter

Quarter-final
 Yugoslavia
2–0
Horvath (o.g.), Rahn

Semi-final
 Austria
6–1
Schäfer, Morlock, F. Walter (2), O. Walter (2)

Final
 Hungary
3–2
Morlock, Rahn (2)

1958
Group 1
 Argentina
3–1
Rahn (2), Seeler

Group 1
 Czechoslovakia
2–2
Schäfer, Rahn

Group 1
 Northern Ireland
2–2
Rahn, Seeler

Quarter-final
 Yugoslavia
1–0
Rahn

Semi-final
 Sweden
1–3
Schäfer

Third place match
 France
3–6
Cieslarczyk, Rahn, Schäfer

1962
Group 2
 Italy
0–0

Group 2
  Switzerland
2–1
Brülls, Seeler

Group 2
 Chile
2–0
Szymaniak, Seeler

Quarter-final
 Yugoslavia
0–1

1966
Group 2
  Switzerland
5–0
Held, Haller (2), Beckenbauer (2)

Group 2
 Argentina
0–0

Group 2
 Spain
2–1
Emmerich, Seeler

Quarter-final
 Uruguay
4–0
Haller (2), Beckenbauer, Seeler

Semi-final
 Soviet Union
2–1
Haller, Beckenbauer

Final
 England
2–4 (AET)
Haller, Weber

1970
Group 4
 Morocco
2–1
Seeler, Müller

Group 4
 Bulgaria
5–2
Libuda, Müller (3), Seeler

Group 4
 Peru
3–1
Müller (3)

Quarter-final
 England
3–2 (AET)
Beckenbauer, Seeler, Müller

Semi-final
 Italy
3–4 (AET)
Schnellinger, Müller (2)

Third place match
 Uruguay
1–0
Overath

1974
Group 1
 Chile
1–0
Breitner

Group 1
 Australia
3–0
Overath, Cullmann, Müller

Group 1
 East Germany
0–1

Group B (Round 2)
 Yugoslavia
2–0
Breitner, Müller

Group B (Round 2)
 Sweden
4–2
Overath, Bonhof, Grabowski, Hoeneß

Group B (Round 2)
 Poland
1–0
Müller

Final
 Netherlands
2–1
Breitner, Müller

1978
Group 2
 Poland
0–0

Group 2
 Mexico
6–0
D. Müller, H. Müller, Rummenigge (2), Flohe (2)

Group 2
 Tunisia
0–0

Group A (Round 2)
 Italy
0–0

Group A (Round 2)
 Netherlands
2–2
Abramczik, D. Müller

Group A (Round 2)
 Austria
2–3
Rummenigge, Hölzenbein

1982
Group 2
 Algeria
1–2
Rummenigge

Group 2
 Chile
4–1
Rummenigge (3), Reinders

Group 2
 Austria
1–0
Hrubesch

Group B (Round 2)
 England
0–0

Group B (Round 2)
 Spain
2–1
Littbarski, Fischer

Semi-final
 France
3–3 (AET), 5–4 (p)
Littbarski, Rummenigge, Fischer

Final
 Italy
1–3
Breitner

1986
Group E
 Uruguay
1–1
Allofs

Group E
 Scotland
2–1
Völler, Allofs

Group E
 Denmark
0–2

Round of 16
 Morocco
1–0
Matthäus

Quarter-final
 Mexico
0–0 (AET), 4–1 (p)

Semi-final
 France
2–0
Brehme, Völler

Final
 Argentina
2–3
Rummenigge, Völler

1990
Group D
 Yugoslavia
4–1
Matthäus (2), Klinsmann, Völler

Group D
 United Arab Emirates
5–1
Völler (2), Klinsmann, Matthäus, Bein

Group D
 Colombia
1–1
Littbarski

Round of 16
 Netherlands
2–1
Klinsmann, Brehme

Quarter-final
 Czechoslovakia
1–0
Matthäus

Semi-final
 England
1–1 (AET), 4–3 (p)
Brehme

Final
 Argentina
1–0
Brehme

1994
Group C
 Bolivia
1–0
Klinsmann

Group C
 Spain
1–1
Klinsmann

Group C
 South Korea
3–2
Klinsmann (2), Riedle

Round of 16
 Belgium
3–2
Völler (2), Klinsmann

Quarter-final
 Bulgaria
1–2
Matthäus

1998
Group F
 United States
2–0
Möller, Klinsmann

Group F
 Yugoslavia
2–2
Mihajlović (o.g.), Bierhoff

Group F
 Iran
2–0
Bierhoff, Klinsmann

Round of 16
 Mexico
2–1
Klinsmann, Bierhoff

Quarter-final
 Croatia
0–3

2002
Group E
 Saudi Arabia
8–0
Klose (3), Ballack, Jancker, Linke, Bierhoff, Schneider

Group E
 Republic of Ireland
1–1
Klose

Group E
 Cameroon
2–0
Bode, Klose

Round of 16
 Paraguay
1–0
Neuville

Quarter-final
 United States
1–0
Ballack

Semi-final
 South Korea
1–0
Ballack

Final
 Brazil
0–2

2006
Group A
 Costa Rica
4–2
Lahm, Klose (2), Frings

Group A
 Poland
1–0
Neuville

Group A
 Ecuador
3–0
Klose (2), Podolski

Round of 16
 Sweden
2–0
Podolski (2)

Quarter-final
 Argentina
1–1 (AET), 4–2 (p)
Klose

Semi-final
 Italy
0–2 (AET)

Third place match
 Portugal
3–1
Schweinsteiger (2), Petit (o.g.)

2010
Group D
 Australia
4–0
Podolski, Klose, Müller, Cacau

Group D
 Serbia
0–1

Group D
 Ghana
1–0
Özil

Round of 16
 England
4–1
Klose, Podolski, Müller (2)

Quarter-final
 Argentina
4–0
Müller, Klose (2), Friedrich

Semi-final
 Spain
0–1

Third place match
 Uruguay
3–2
Müller, Jansen, Khedira

2014
Group G
 Portugal
4–0
Müller (3), Hummels

Group G
 Ghana
2–2
Götze, Klose

Group G
 United States
1–0
Müller

Round of 16
 Algeria
2–1 (AET)
Schürrle, Özil

Quarter-final
 France
1–0
Hummels

Semi-final
 Brazil
7–1
Müller, Klose, Kroos (2), Khedira, Schürrle (2)

Final
 Argentina
1–0 (AET)
Götze

2018
Group F
 Mexico
0–1

Group F
 Sweden
2–1
Reus, Kroos

Group F
 South Korea
0–2

text: By opponent[edit]

text:
Legend

Won more than lost

Won equals lost

Lost more than won

text:
Opponent

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Win %

 Argentina
7
4
2
1
12
5
+7
57.14%

 Yugoslavia
6
4
1
1
11
4
+7
66.67%

 Sweden
5
4
0
1
11
7
+4
80.00%

 England
5
2
2
1
10
8
+2
40.00%

 Italy
5
0
2
3
4
9
−5
0.00%

 Uruguay
4
3
1
0
9
3
+6
75.00%

 Austria
4
3
0
1
12
6
+6
75.00%

 Mexico
4
2
1
1
8
2
+6
50.00%

  Switzerland
4
2
1
1
10
6
+4
50.00%

 Spain
4
2
1
1
5
4
+1
50.00%

 France
4
2
1
1
9
9
0
50.00%

 Chile
3
3
0
0
7
1
+6
100.00%

 United States
3
3
0
0
4
0
+4
100.00%

 Netherlands
3
2
1
0
6
4
+2
66.67%

 Poland
3
2
1
0
2
0
+2
66.67%

 South Korea
3
2
0
1
4
4
0
66.67%

 Czechoslovakia
3
1
1
1
4
5
−1
33.33%

 Turkey
2
2
0
0
11
3
+8
100.00%

 Australia
2
2
0
0
7
0
+7
100.00%

 Portugal
2
2
0
0
7
1
+6
100.00%

 Belgium
2
2
0
0
8
4
+4
100.00%

 Morocco
2
2
0
0
3
1
+2
100.00%

 Ghana
2
1
1
0
3
2
+1
50.00%

 Brazil
2
1
0
1
7
3
+4
50.00%

 Bulgaria
2
1
0
1
6
4
+2
50.00%

 Algeria
2
1
0
1
3
3
0
50.00%

 Hungary
2
1
0
1
6
10
−4
50.00%

 Saudi Arabia
1
1
0
0
8
0
+8
100.00%

 United Arab Emirates
1
1
0
0
5
1
+4
100.00%

 Ecuador
1
1
0
0
3
0
+3
100.00%

 Costa Rica
1
1
0
0
4
2
+2
100.00%

 Peru
1
1
0
0
3
1
+2
100.00%

 Cameroon
1
1
0
0
2
0
+2
100.00%

 Iran
1
1
0
0
2
0
+2
100.00%

 Scotland
1
1
0
0
2
1
+1
100.00%

 Soviet Union
1
1
0
0
2
1
+1
100.00%

 Bolivia
1
1
0
0
1
0
+1
100.00%

 Paraguay
1
1
0
0
1
0
+1
100.00%

 Northern Ireland
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
0.00%

 Colombia
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0.00%

 Republic of Ireland
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0.00%

 Tunisia
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.00%

 East Germany
1
0
0
1
0
1
−1
0.00%

 Serbia
1
0
0
1
0
1
−1
0.00%

 Denmark
1
0
0
1
0
2
−2
0.00%

 Croatia
1
0
0
1
0
3
−3
0.00%

Total (46)
109
67
20
22
226
125
+101
61.47%


document_title: List of Vice-Presidents of India

question_text: who is the vise president of india 2018

question_tokens: who is the vise president of india 2018

text: List of Vice-Presidents of India

text: List[edit]

text:
The complete list of Vice-Presidents of India includes the persons sworn into the office as Vice-President of India, following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950.
Some of whom later became presidents.[4]

text:
№

Name(birth–death)

Portrait

Elected(% votes)

Took office

Left office

Term (in years)

Notes

President(s)

Candidate of

1

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan(1888–1975)

1952(Unopposed)

1957(Unopposed)

13 May 1952

12 May 1962

10

Radhakrishnan was a prominent scholar. Besides being awarded the Bharat Ratna he also held the position of vice-chancellor in the Banaras Hindu University and the Andhra college. He served as the Vice-President for two terms.

Rajendra Prasad

Independent

2

Zakir Husain (1897–1969)

1962(97.59)

13 May 1962

12 May 1967

5

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Independent

3

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894–1980)

1967(71.45)

13 May 1967

3 May 1969

2

Zakir Husain

Independent

4

Gopal Swarup Pathak (1896–1982)

1969—

31 August 1969

30 August 1974

5

Varahagiri Venkata Giri  (1969–1974)

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed  (1974)

Independent

5

Basappa Danappa Jatti (1912–2002)

1974(78.70)

31 August 1974

30 August 1979

5

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed  (1974–1977)
 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy  (1977–1979)

Indian National Congress

6

Mohammad Hidayatullah (1905–1992)

1979(Unopposed)

31 August 1979

30 August 1984

5

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy  (1979–1982)
 Giani Zail Singh  (1982–1984)

Independent

7

Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1910–2009)

1984(71.05)

31 August 1984

24 July 1987

3

Giani Zail Singh

Indian National Congress

8

Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918–1999)

1987(Unopposed)

3 September 1987

24 July 1992

5

Ramaswamy Venkataraman

Indian National Congress

9

Kocheril Raman Narayanan (1920–2005)

1992(99.86)

21 August 1992

24 July 1997

5

Shankar Dayal Sharma

Indian National Congress

10

Krishan Kant(1927–2002)

1997(61.76)

21 August 1997

27 July 2002

4

Kocheril Raman Narayanan  (1997–2002)
 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam  (2002)

Janata Dal

11

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (1923–2010)

2002(59.82)

19 August 2002

21 July 2007

5

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Bharatiya Janata Party

12

Mohammad Hamid Ansari (1937–)

2007(60.51)
2012(67.31)

11 August 2007

11 August 2017

10

Pratibha Patil  (2007–2012)
 Pranab Mukherjee  (2012–2017)
 Ram Nath Kovind   (2017)

Indian National Congress

13

Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (1949–)

2017(67.89)

11 August 2017

Incumbent

—

Ram Nath Kovind

Bharatiya Janata Party

text: † Died in office