document_title: 90th Academy Awards

question_text: when are the oscar nominations for 2018 announced

text: 90th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees

text: The nominees for the 90th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2018, at 5:22 a.m. PST (13:22 UTC), at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, via global live stream,[11] from the Academy and by actors Tiffany Haddish and Andy Serkis.[12]

text: The Shape of Water led all nominees with thirteen nominations; Dunkirk came in second with eight, and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri came in third with seven.[13][14]

text: Awards

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().[15][16]

text:
Best Picture

The Shape of Water – Guillermo del Toro and J. Miles Dale

Call Me by Your Name – Peter Spears, Luca Guadagnino, Emilie Georges, and Marco Morabito
Darkest Hour – Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, Anthony McCarten, and Douglas Urbanski
Dunkirk – Emma Thomas and Christopher Nolan
Get Out – Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Edward H. Hamm Jr., and Jordan Peele
Lady Bird – Scott Rudin, Eli Bush, and Evelyn O'Neill
Phantom Thread – JoAnne Sellar, Paul Thomas Anderson, Megan Ellison and Daniel Lupi
The Post – Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg, and Kristie Macosko Krieger
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Graham Broadbent, Pete Czernin, and Martin McDonagh

Best Director

Guillermo del Toro – The Shape of Water

Christopher Nolan – Dunkirk
Jordan Peele – Get Out
Greta Gerwig – Lady Bird
Paul Thomas Anderson – Phantom Thread

Best Actor

Gary Oldman – Darkest Hour as Winston Churchill

Timothée Chalamet – Call Me by Your Name as Elio Perlman
Daniel Day-Lewis – Phantom Thread as Reynolds Woodcock
Daniel Kaluuya – Get Out as Chris Washington
Denzel Washington – Roman J. Israel, Esq. as Roman J. Israel

Best Actress

Frances McDormand – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Mildred Hayes

Sally Hawkins – The Shape of Water as Elisa Esposito
Margot Robbie – I, Tonya as Tonya Harding
Saoirse Ronan – Lady Bird as Christine "Lady Bird" McPherson
Meryl Streep – The Post as Katharine Graham

Best Supporting Actor

Sam Rockwell – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Officer Jason Dixon

Willem Dafoe – The Florida Project as Bobby Hicks
Woody Harrelson – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Chief Bill Willoughby
Richard Jenkins – The Shape of Water as Giles
Christopher Plummer – All the Money in the World as J. Paul Getty

Best Supporting Actress

Allison Janney – I, Tonya as LaVona Golden

Mary J. Blige – Mudbound as Florence Jackson
Lesley Manville – Phantom Thread as Cyril Woodcock
Laurie Metcalf – Lady Bird as Marion McPherson
Octavia Spencer – The Shape of Water as Zelda Delilah Fuller

Best Original Screenplay

Get Out – Jordan Peele

The Big Sick – Emily V. Gordon and Kumail Nanjiani
Lady Bird – Greta Gerwig
The Shape of Water – Screenplay by Guillermo del Toro and Vanessa Taylor; Story by Guillermo del Toro
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Martin McDonagh

Best Adapted Screenplay

Call Me by Your Name – James Ivory based on the novel by André Aciman

The Disaster Artist – Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber based on the book by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell
Logan – Screenplay by Scott Frank, James Mangold and Michael Green; Story by James Mangold based on characters from the X-Men comic books and theatrical motion pictures
Molly's Game – Aaron Sorkin based on the memoir by Molly Bloom
Mudbound – Virgil Williams and Dee Rees based on the novel by Hillary Jordan

Best Animated Feature Film

Coco – Lee Unkrich and Darla K. Anderson

The Boss Baby – Tom McGrath and Ramsey Ann Naito
The Breadwinner – Nora Twomey and Anthony Leo
Ferdinand – Carlos Saldanha and Lori Forte
Loving Vincent – Dorota Kobiela, Hugh Welchman and Ivan Mactaggart

Best Foreign Language Film

A Fantastic Woman (Chile) in Spanish – Directed by Sebastián Lelio

The Insult (Lebanon) in Arabic – Directed by Ziad Doueiri
Loveless (Russia) in Russian – Directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev
On Body and Soul (Hungary) in Hungarian – Directed by Ildikó Enyedi
The Square (Sweden) in Swedish – Directed by Ruben Östlund

Best Documentary Feature

Icarus – Bryan Fogel and Dan Cogan

Abacus: Small Enough to Jail – Steve James, Mark Mitten and Julie Goldman
Faces Places – Agnès Varda, JR and Rosalie Varda
Last Men in Aleppo – Feras Fayyad, Kareem Abeed and Søren Steen Jespersen
Strong Island – Yance Ford and Joslyn Barnes

Best Documentary – Short Subject

Heaven Is a Traffic Jam on the 405 – Frank Stiefel

Edith+Eddie – Laura Checkoway and Thomas Lee Wright
Heroin(e) – Elaine McMillion Sheldon and Kerrin Sheldon
Knife Skills – Thomas Lennon
Traffic Stop – Kate Davis and David Heilbroner

Best Live Action Short Film

The Silent Child – Chris Overton and Rachel Shenton

DeKalb Elementary – Reed Van Dyk
The Eleven O'Clock – Derin Seale and Josh Lawson
My Nephew Emmett – Kevin Wilson Jr.
Watu Wote/All of Us – Katja Benrath and Tobias Rosen

Best Animated Short Film

Dear Basketball – Glen Keane and Kobe Bryant

Garden Party – Victor Caire and Gabriel Grapperon
Lou – Dave Mullins and Dana Murray
Negative Space – Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata
Revolting Rhymes – Jakob Schuh and Jan Lachauer

Best Original Score

The Shape of Water – Alexandre Desplat

Dunkirk – Hans Zimmer
Phantom Thread – Jonny Greenwood
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – John Williams
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Carter Burwell

Best Original Song

"Remember Me" from Coco – Music and Lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez

"Mighty River" from Mudbound – Music and Lyrics by Mary J. Blige, Raphael Saadiq and Taura Stinson
"Mystery of Love" from Call Me by Your Name – Music and Lyrics by Sufjan Stevens
"Stand Up for Something" from Marshall – Music by Diane Warren; Lyrics by Common and Diane Warren
"This Is Me" from The Greatest Showman – Music and Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Best Sound Editing

Dunkirk – Richard King and Alex Gibson

Baby Driver – Julian Slater
Blade Runner 2049 – Mark Mangini and Theo Green
The Shape of Water – Nathan Robitaille and Nelson Ferreira
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Matthew Wood and Ren Klyce

Best Sound Mixing

Dunkirk – Mark Weingarten, Gregg Landaker and Gary A. Rizzo

Baby Driver – Julian Slater, Tim Cavagin and Mary H. Ellis
Blade Runner 2049 – Ron Bartlett, Doug Hemphill and Mac Ruth
The Shape of Water – Christian Cooke, Brad Zoern and Glen Gauthier
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – David Parker, Michael Semanick, Ren Klyce and Stuart Wilson

Best Production Design

The Shape of Water – Production Design: Paul Denham Austerberry; Set Decoration: Shane Vieau and Jeff Melvin

Beauty and the Beast – Production Design: Sarah Greenwood; Set Decoration: Katie Spencer
Blade Runner 2049 – Production Design: Dennis Gassner; Set Decoration: Alessandra Querzola
Darkest Hour – Production Design: Sarah Greenwood; Set Decoration: Katie Spencer
Dunkirk – Production Design: Nathan Crowley; Set Decoration: Gary Fettis

Best Cinematography

Blade Runner 2049 – Roger Deakins

Darkest Hour – Bruno Delbonnel
Dunkirk – Hoyte van Hoytema
Mudbound – Rachel Morrison
The Shape of Water – Dan Laustsen

Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Darkest Hour – Kazuhiro Tsuji, David Malinowski and Lucy Sibbick

Victoria & Abdul – Daniel Phillips and Lou Sheppard
Wonder – Arjen Tuiten

Best Costume Design

Phantom Thread – Mark Bridges

Beauty and the Beast – Jacqueline Durran
Darkest Hour – Jacqueline Durran
The Shape of Water – Luis Sequeira
Victoria & Abdul – Consolata Boyle

Best Film Editing

Dunkirk – Lee Smith

Baby Driver – Paul Machliss and Jonathan Amos
I, Tonya – Tatiana S. Riegel
The Shape of Water – Sidney Wolinsky
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Jon Gregory

Best Visual Effects

Blade Runner 2049 – John Nelson, Gerd Nefzer, Paul Lambert and Richard R. Hoover

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 – Christopher Townsend, Guy Williams, Jonathan Fawkner and Dan Sudick
Kong: Skull Island – Stephen Rosenbaum, Jeff White, Scott Benza and Mike Meinardus
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Ben Morris, Mike Mulholland, Neal Scanlan and Chris Corbould
War for the Planet of the Apes – Joe Letteri, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon and Joel Whist

text: Governors Awards

text: The Academy held its ninth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 11, 2017, during which the following awards were presented:[17]

text:
Agnès Varda — French film director, writer, editor and producer[18]
Charles Burnett — American director, writer, producer, editor and cinematographer[19]
Donald Sutherland — Canadian actor[20]
Owen Roizman — American cinematographer[21]

text: Alejandro G. Iñárritu for his virtual reality project Carne y Arena[22][23]

text: Films with multiple wins and nominations

text:
Films that received multiple nominations[24]

Nominations
Film

13
The Shape of Water

8
Dunkirk

7
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

6
Darkest Hour

Phantom Thread

5
Blade Runner 2049

Lady Bird

4
Call Me by Your Name

Get Out

Mudbound

Star Wars: The Last Jedi

3
Baby Driver

I, Tonya

2
Beauty and the Beast

Coco

The Post

Victoria & Abdul

text:
Films that received multiple awards[25]

Wins
Film

4
The Shape of Water

3
Dunkirk

2
Blade Runner 2049

Coco

Darkest Hour

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

text: Presenters and performers

text: The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.[26][27][28]

text: Presenters

text:
Name(s)
Role

Randy Thomas
Announcer for the 90th annual Academy Awards

Davis, ViolaViola Davis
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Gadot, GalGal Gadot
Hammer, ArmieArmie Hammer
Presenters of the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Saint, Eva MarieEva Marie Saint
Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design

Dern, LauraLaura Dern
Gerwig, GretaGreta Gerwig
Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature

Henson, Taraji P.Taraji P. Henson
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Mighty River"

Elgort, AnselAnsel Elgort
González, EizaEiza González
Presenters of the awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing

Nanjiani, KumailKumail Nanjiani
Nyong'o, LupitaLupita Nyong'o
Presenters of the award for Best Production Design

Derbez, EugenioEugenio Derbez
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Remember Me"

Moreno, RitaRita Moreno
Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Ali, MahershalaMahershala Ali
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

, BB-8BB-8
Hamill, MarkMark Hamill
Isaac, OscarOscar Isaac
Tran, Kelly MarieKelly Marie Tran
Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Animated Feature Film

Vega, DanielaDaniela Vega
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Mystery of Love"

Holland, TomTom Holland
Rodriguez, GinaGina Rodriguez
Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects

McConaughey, MatthewMatthew McConaughey
Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing

Haddish, TiffanyTiffany Haddish
Rudolph, MayaMaya Rudolph
Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Film

Chappelle, DaveDave Chappelle
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Stand Up for Something"

Hayek, SalmaSalma Hayek
Judd, AshleyAshley Judd
Sciorra, AnnabellaAnnabella Sciorra
Special presentation highlighting the Time's Up movement and diversity in film

Boseman, ChadwickChadwick Boseman
Robbie, MargotMargot Robbie
Presenters of the award for Best Adapted Screenplay

Kidman, NicoleNicole Kidman
Presenter of the award for Best Original Screenplay

Studi, WesWes Studi
Special presentation highlighting depictions of the US Military in film

Bullock, SandraSandra Bullock
Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography

Zendaya
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "This Is Me"

Walken, ChristopherChristopher Walken
Presenter of the award for Best Original Score

Blunt, EmilyEmily Blunt
Miranda, Lin-ManuelLin-Manuel Miranda
Presenters of the award for Best Original Song

Garner, JenniferJennifer Garner
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Stone, EmmaEmma Stone
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Fonda, JaneJane Fonda
Mirren, HelenHelen Mirren
Presenters of the award for Best Actor

Foster, JodieJodie Foster
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
Presenters of the award for Best Actress

Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty
Dunaway, FayeFaye Dunaway
Presenters of the award for Best Picture

text: Performers

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Harold Wheeler
Musical Arranger and Conductor
Orchestral

Blige, Mary J.Mary J. Blige
Performer
"Mighty River" from Mudbound

Gael García Bernal
Miguel
Natalia Lafourcade
Performers
"Remember Me" from Coco

Stevens, SufjanSufjan Stevens
St. Vincent, St. Vincent
Sumney, MosesMoses Sumney
Thile, ChrisChris Thile
Performers
"Mystery of Love" from Call Me by Your Name

Day, AndraAndra Day
, CommonCommon
Performers
"Stand Up for Something" from Marshall

Settle, KealaKeala Settle
Performer
"This Is Me" from The Greatest Showman

Vedder, EddieEddie Vedder
Performer
“Room at the Top” during In Memoriam segment

text: Record nominations and winners

text:
Mary J. Blige – With her nominations for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song, she is the first person to be nominated for performance and songwriting in the same year.[29]
Yance Ford – With his Best Documentary Feature nomination for Strong Island, he is the first openly transgender director to be nominated for an Academy Award.[30][31][32]
Greta Gerwig – With her nomination for Lady Bird, she became the fifth woman filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director.[33][34][35][36][37][38]
James Ivory – At the age of 89, he became the oldest man to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Adapted Screenplay for Call Me by Your Name), and the oldest person to win a competitive Academy Award.[39]
Rachel Morrison – Became the first woman to be nominated for Best Cinematography, for Mudbound.[40][41]
Jordan Peele – With his nomination for Get Out, he became the fifth black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director,[42][43][44] as well as the first black filmmaker to receive nominations for producing, directing and writing in the same year.[45] With his win for Best Original Screenplay, he became the first black screenwriter to win in that category.[46]
Christopher Plummer – At the age of 88, he became the oldest actor to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Supporting Actor for All the Money in the World). Plummer is also the current oldest acting winner (Best Supporting Actor for Beginners in 2012).[47]
Dee Rees – With her nomination for Mudbound, she is the first black woman to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay and the second black woman to be nominated for writing.[48][49][50]
Octavia Spencer – Now tied with Viola Davis as the most-nominated black actress, with three acting nominations (Best Supporting Actress for The Shape of Water).[51]
Meryl Streep – With her twenty-first nomination for Best Actress nomination in The Post, she broke her own record for the most-nominated actor of all time.[52][53][54]
Agnès Varda – At the age of 89, became the oldest person to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Documentary Feature for Faces Places).[55]
Denzel Washington – With his nomination for Roman J. Israel, Esq., he is now the most honored black actor.[56]
John Williams – With his fifty-first nomination, he broke his own record for the most-nominated living individual (Best Original Score for Star Wars: The Last Jedi).[57]

text: Ceremony information

text: Despite the mixed reception received from the preceding year's ceremony, the Academy rehired Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd as producers for the second consecutive year.[58] In May 2017, it was announced that Jimmy Kimmel would return as host for a second consecutive year.[59] Kimmel expressed that he was thrilled to be selected to MC the gala again, commenting, "Hosting the Oscars was a highlight of my career and I am grateful to Cheryl [Boone Isaacs], Dawn [Hudson], and the Academy for asking me to return to work with two of my favorite people, Mike De Luca and Jennifer Todd. If you think we screwed up the ending this year, wait until you see what we have planned for the 90th anniversary show!"[60] Jimmy extensively campaigned for the ceremony, shooting several promos and discussions on his talk show.

text: On December 4, 2017, it was announced that the timing of the ceremony and its pre-show had been changed and both would be scheduled to broadcast a half-hour earlier than prior telecasts.[61][62] In the first half of the nominations announcement, pre-taped category introductions were included that featured actresses Priyanka Chopra, Rosario Dawson, Gal Gadot, Salma Hayek, Michelle Rodriguez, Zoe Saldana, Molly Shannon, Rebel Wilson and Michelle Yeoh.[63][64]

text: As per the tradition of the Academy, the previous year's Best Actor winner usually presents the Best Actress award for the next year's ceremony; in lieu of this, last year's Best Actor winner Casey Affleck reportedly decided not to attend the ceremony due to his sexual harassment allegations.[65][66] Jodie Foster and Jennifer Lawrence presented the award together in place of Affleck.[67] The Best Actor award was presented by Jane Fonda and Helen Mirren.[68] Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway returned to present the Best Picture Award for the second year in the row, after last year's announcement error.[69][70] Sixth-year in a row Derek McLane designed the stage with forty-five million Swarovski crystals.[71][72]

text: Box office performance of nominated films

text:
North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[73]

Film
Pre-nomination
(before Jan. 23)
Post-nomination
(Jan. 23 – Mar. 4)
Post-awards
(after Mar. 5)
Total

Dunkirk
$188 million
–
–
$188 million

Get Out
$175.7 million
$353,795
–
$176 million

The Post
$45.8 million
$34.6 million
$903,573
$81.4 million

The Shape of Water
$30.4 million
$27 million
$5.2 million
$62.7 million

Darkest Hour
$41.1 million
$14.5 million
$759,068
$56.7 million

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
$32.3 million
$19.2 million
$1.8 million
$53.8 million

Lady Bird
$39.2 million
$9.2 million
$529,197
$48.9 million

Phantom Thread
$6.4 million
$13.8 million
$621,711
$20.9 million

Call Me by Your Name
$9.4 million
$6.8 million
$833,872
$17.7 million

Total
$568.2 million
$126.7 million
$10.7 million
$705.9 million

Average
$63.1 million
$14.1 million
$1.2 million
$78.4 million

text: At the time of the nominations announcement on January 23, 2018, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $568.2 million, with an average of $63.1 million per film (although Dunkirk and Get Out were the only films with a gross above $46 million). When the nominations were announced, Dunkirk was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $188 million in domestic box office receipts. Get Out was the second-highest-grossing film with $175.6 million, followed by The Post ($45.7 million), Darkest Hour ($41 million), Lady Bird ($39.1 million), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ($32.2 million), The Shape of Water ($30.4 million), Call Me by Your Name ($9.1 million), and Phantom Thread ($6.3 million).[74] From the date of announcements to the time of the ceremony on March 4, 2018, the total made by the Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $126.7 million, with an average of $14.1 million per film. The Post ($34.6 million) and The Shape of Water ($27 million) had the highest grossed during that frame, followed by Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ($19.8 million), Darkest Hour ($14.5 million), Phantom Thread ($13.8 million), Lady Bird ($9.2 million), Call Me by Your Name ($7.5 million) and Get Out ($353,795 from a one week re-release).

text: Thirty-six nominations went to 15 films on the list of the top 50 grossing movies of the year. Of those 15 films, only Coco (12th), Logan (15th) Dunkirk (16th), Get Out (18th), The Boss Baby (19th), and Ferdinand (35th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box-office hits that earned nominations were Star Wars: The Last Jedi (1st), Beauty and the Beast (2nd), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (8th), Kong: Skull Island (17th), War for the Planet of the Apes (20th), Wonder (33rd), The Greatest Showman (29th), Baby Driver (36th), and Blade Runner 2049 (41st).

text: Frances McDormand's Oscar theft

text: Right after her win at the Governor's ball, actress Frances McDormand's Oscar was briefly stolen for fifteen minutes by a man named Terry Bryant, who had a ticket to the after-party.[75] Bryant filmed himself with the statute and reportedly telling other "guests he was a winner,"[76] before being apprehended by Chef Wolfgang Puck's photographer who did not recognize Bryant as a winner and retrieved the statute from him returning it back to the actress.[77]

text: The Academy said in a statement, "Best Actress winner Frances McDormand and her Oscar were happily reunited after a brief separation at last night’s Governors Ball. The alleged thief was quickly apprehended by a photographer and members of our fast-acting Academy and security teams."[78] Despite McDormand's consent to let Bryant go, he was arrested by LAPD and was charged with grand theft, but was released without a bail following Wednesday's hearing after the judge ruled that "he did not pose a flight risk."[79] He appeared in court on March 28, 2018, where without any consesus his hearing was rescheduled on May 1, 2018.[80]

text: Critical reception and television ratings

text: The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the show holds an approval rating of 46% based on 28 critics, and summarized, "The 90th Academy Awards played it safe and hit no major snags – but by clocking in at over four hours, wore out its welcome long before the surprise ending."[81]

text: Hank Stuever of The Washington Post marked, "In his second year, Kimmel has shown that the telecast needn't be anything but sharp and sure, with a funny host whose bits are manageable, shareable and — best of all — forgotten. We're not making showbiz history here; we're just trying to get through another Oscar night."[82] Chief critic David Edelstein of Vulture wrote, "This was the best, most inspiring, and most sheerly likable Academy Awards telecast I've ever seen. ... It was also — in terms of the actual awards — among the most disappointing."[83] Vanity Fair's, Richard Lawson wrote, "As a host, Kimmel struck a careful, appropriately measured tone ... All told, Sunday's ceremony did an admirable job of recognizing all the turmoil surrounding it while maintaining the silly, chintzy trappings that so many of us tune into the Oscars for."[84] CNN's Brian Lowry quipped, "The Oscars are a big, unwieldy beast, which invariably try to serve too many masters. Yet if the intent was ultimately to maintain a celebratory tone without ignoring either the outside world or the elephant in the room throughout this year's awards, host Jimmy Kimmel and the show itself largely succeeded."[85]

text: Others were more critical of the show. Television critic Maureen Ryan of Variety said, "All things considered, the show had a more or less low-key vibe. Normally it takes about two hours for the numbing effect to set in, but despite host Jimmy Kimmel's best efforts, Sunday's telecast started to feel a bit languid and low-energy far earlier."[86] Television critic James Poniewozik of The New York Times said, "despite the recent upheaval in Hollywood, the ceremony at large still focused mainly on celebration and glitter literally, in the case of the blinding set, which looked as if the ceremony were encased in an enormous geode. There's also the perennial problem of bloat. The hitch, of course, is that every part of the show has its constituency."[87] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "What fun we had at this year's Oscars! Long show, sure, but where to cut it?"[88] Writing for Deadline Greg Evans said, "Did the nearly four-hour running time contain any moments for the Oscar ages? Probably not."[89] David Wiegand of San Francisco Chronicle said, "Even the hope that the noise of clapping might keep the audience at home and in the theater awake, there was little of that for anything except the entrance of actors of advance age."[90] The Oregonian columnist Kristi Turnquist wrote, "Was it respectful? Absolutely. Did it make for kind of a dull, earnest Oscars show? Yeah, kind of."[91]

text: Attaining 26.5 million U.S. viewers according to Nielsen ratings, the ceremony's telecast had a 16-percent drop in viewership from last year's ceremony and had the lowest U.S. viewership in Oscar history.[92][93] On March 6, after the final ratings were confirmed, President Donald Trump took to his Twitter account, saying, "Lowest rated Oscars in HISTORY. Problem is, we don't have stars anymore – except your President (just kidding, of course)!".[94][95] In response, Kimmel also tweeted, saying, "Thanks, lowest rated President in HISTORY."[96][97]

text: In Memoriam

text: The annual In Memoriam segment was introduced by Jennifer Garner with Eddie Vedder performing a rendition of the Tom Petty's song "Room at the Top".[98] The segment paid tribute to following forty-four artists in the montage:[99]

text:
John G. Avildsen – Director
Toni Ann Walker – Hairstylist
June Foray – Actress, Animation
Walter Lassally – Cinematographer
Chuck Berry – Singer, Songwriter
Robert Osborne – Writer, Columnist, Television Host
Jill Messick – Producer
Harry Dean Stanton – Actor
Terence Marsh – Production Designer
Rita Riggs – Costume Designer
Mary Goldberg – Casting Director
Anthony Harvey – Director, Film Editor
Thérèse DePrez – Production Designer
Debra Chasnoff – Documentarian
Jóhann Jóhannsson – Composer
Jonathan Demme – Director
Michael Ballhaus – Cinematographer
Les Lazarowitz – Sound Mixer
Idrissa Ouedraogo – Writer, Director
Joe Hyams – Public Relations
John Heard – Actor
Martin Landau – Actor
Glenne Headly – Actress
Eric Zumbrunnen – Film Editor
Roger Moore – Actor
Sam Shepard – Writer, Actor
Allison Shearmur – Producer, Executive
John Mollo – Costume Designer
Jeanne Moreau – Actress, Director
Loren Janes – Stuntman
George A. Romero – Director, Producer
Rance Howard – Actor
Sridevi – Actress
Haruo Nakajima – Actor
Martin Ransohoff – Producer
Hiep Thi Le – Actress
Ron Berkeley – Makeup Artist
Joseph Bologna – Actor, Writer
Fred J. Koenekamp – Cinematographer
Murray Lerner – Documentarian
Don Rickles – Actor, Comedian
Seijun Suzuki – Director
Bernie Casey – Actor
Shashi Kapoor – Actor, Producer
Tom Sanders – Production Designer
Danielle Darrieux – Actress
Jerry Greenberg – Film Editor
Brad Grey – Executive Producer, Manager
Miriam Colon – Actress
Luis Bacalov – Composer
Jerry Lewis – Actor, Director, Writer (Comedian)

text: On the Academy's website there is a gallery focusing on several other artists that were not included in the segment.


document_title: She's the Man

question_text: who played viola in she's the man

question_tokens: who played viola in she 's the man

root

text: She's the Man

text: Plot[edit]

text: Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) is a teen girl who plays for Cornwall College’s soccer team until the team gets cut. Meanwhile, her twin brother, Sebastian (James Kirk), is supposed to enroll in Illyria, an elite boarding school, but he secretly goes to London with his fledgling band instead. Viola agrees to cover for him and decides to pass herself off as Sebastian, in hopes of joining their boys' team and beating Cornwall to prove their coach and her cocky ex-boyfriend, Justin (Robert Hoffman), wrong. With the help of her stylist friend, Paul (Jonathan Sadowski), she is transformed into "Sebastian" and attends Illyria in his place.

tag: p

text: While moving in, she meets her roommate, Duke Orsino (Channing Tatum), an attractive soccer player and Illyria's team captain. During tryouts, Viola fails to impress Coach Dinklage (Vinnie Jones) and is assigned to second string, much to her dismay. Her teammates, including Duke, initially dislike "Sebastian" due to his awkward and strange behavior. However, with help from Paul once again, they begin to accept him into their social circle. "Sebastian" then gets the popular and pretty Olivia (Laura Ramsey) as his lab partner, which frustrates Duke, as he has feelings for her. "Sebastian" agrees to put in a good word for Duke if he promises to train him to be a better soccer player. Coach Dinklage eventually notices "Sebastian's" effort and improvement, thus promoting him to first string.

text: At the Junior League carnival, where her mother has made her volunteer, Viola works a shift at the kissing booth and shares a kiss with Duke. Duke expresses to "Sebastian" that he might move on from Olivia as he is starting to like Viola now. Viola is delighted as she secretly feels the same way.

text: Olivia who now has a crush on "Sebastian", asks Duke out on a date in hopes that it will make "Sebastian" jealous. Viola, who is unaware of Olivia's true intentions, is enraged instead because Duke has now abandoned his interest in Viola. When Viola finds out the truth, she encourages Olivia to tell "Sebastian" directly about her feelings.

text: The situation becomes even more complicated when the real Sebastian returns from London a day early, unbeknownst to Viola. As soon as he arrives at Illyria, Olivia confesses her feelings and kisses him. Duke, seeing this, believes his roommate has betrayed him. When "Sebastian" returns to their room, the two have an argument and Duke kicks him out. Viola oversleeps and misses the first half of the game, while the real Sebastian is mistaken for "Sebastian" and winds up poorly playing his sister's game instead. At half-time, Viola explains the situation to Sebastian and they switch places again.

text: Duke, still furious at "Sebastian", refuses to cooperate with him on the field. Determined to makes amends with Duke, "Sebastian" explains that he is actually Viola. Illyria wins the game when Viola scores a goal, finally humiliating Justin and the rest of the Cornwall boys.

text: Everyone at Illyria celebrates their victory over Cornwall, except for Duke who is hurt about Viola's deception. Viola introduces Sebastian and Olivia officially, and they begin dating. Viola and Sebastian's divorced parents also make up, exchanging contact information so as to be better parents towards their children. She invites Duke to her debutante ball, with an invitation delivered by Sebastian, now Duke's roommate. Still hurt, Duke doesn't respond to Viola's invitation, which devastates her. At the ball, Viola is skeptical that Duke will show up; she distracts herself by assisting Olivia, who is being escorted by Sebastian to the ball, and is touched when Paul asks to be her date. Her mother shows up with a dress that will suit Viola's "no ruffles" policy, but Viola decides to go for a walk instead. She runs into Duke outside, who tells her that he has feelings for her, but that he doesn't want there to be any more deception on her part; Viola promises to be honest with him. Later, Monique is escorted by Justin, Olivia is escorted by Sebastian, and Viola and Duke enter the stage late, but together, with Viola in her new dress, much to the joy of her mother. Viola and Duke share a kiss before joining the crowd. At the end of the film, Viola and Duke are shown happily playing on Illyria's soccer team together.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amanda Bynes as Viola/Sebastian Hastings
Channing Tatum as Duke Orsino
Laura Ramsey as Olivia Lennox
Emily Perkins as Eunice Bates, Olivia's nerdy, eccentric friend and Duke's lab partner
James Snyder as Malcolm Festes, the school nerd and Sebastian's (Viola's) rival
Robert Hoffman as Justin Drayton, Viola's ex-boyfriend and Duke's rival
James Kirk as Sebastian Hastings
Alex Breckenridge as Monique Valentine, Sebastian's superficial girlfriend
Brandon Jay McLaren as Toby, one of Duke's best friends
Clifton Murray as Andrew, one of Duke's best friends
Jonathan Sadowski as Paul Antonio, one of Viola's best friends and hair stylist
Amanda Crew as Kia, one of Viola's best friends
Jessica Lucas as Yvonne, one of Viola's best friends
David Cross as Principal Horatio Gold
Vinnie Jones as Coach Dinklage
Julie Hagerty as Daphne Hastings, the mother of Viola and Sebastian
John Pyper-Ferguson as Roger Hastings, the father of Viola and Sebastian
Lynda Boyd as Cheryl, the debutante ball's hostess
Robert Torti as Coach Pistonek
Mark Acheson as Groundskeeper

tag: ul

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened at #4 at the North American box office making $10.7 million USD in its opening weekend. Its budget was approximately $20,000,000. She's the Man grossed a total of $33.7 million domestically with a total gross of $57.2 million worldwide.[1]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave She's the Man a rating of 43%, based on 109 reviews. The critical consensus reads, "Shakespeare's wit gets lost in translation with She's the Man's broad slapstick, predictable jokes, and unconvincing plotline."[3] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has a rating score of 45 out of 100 based on 28 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[4]


document_title: Index of Economic Freedom

question_text: india's rank in 2018 index of economic freedom

question_tokens: india 's rank in 2018 index of economic freedom

text: Index of Economic Freedom

text: 2018 Index[edit]

text:
Key: ██ Free (80–100)
██ Mostly Free (70–79.9)
██ Moderately Free (60–69.9)
██ Mostly Unfree (50–59.9)
██ Repressed (0–49.9)

text:
Country[3]

Score

Change

 Hong Kong
90.2
 0.4

 Singapore
88.8
 0.2

 New Zealand
84.2
 0.5

  Switzerland
81.7
 0.2

 Australia
80.9
 0.1

 Ireland
80.4
 3.7

 Estonia
78.8
 0.3

 United Kingdom
78.0
 1.6

 Canada
77.7
 0.8

 United Arab Emirates
77.6
 0.7

 Iceland
77.0
 2.6

 Denmark
76.6
 1.5

 Taiwan
76.6
 0.1

 Luxembourg
76.4
 0.5

 Sweden
76.3
 1.4

 Georgia
76.2
 0.2

 Netherlands
76.2
 0.4

 United States
75.7
 0.6

 Lithuania
75.3
 0.5

 Chile
75.2
 1.3

 Mauritius
75.1
 0.4

 Malaysia
74.5
 0.7

 Norway
74.3
 0.3

 Czech Republic
74.2
 0.9

 Germany
74.2
 0.4

 Finland
74.1
 0.1

 South Korea
73.8
 0.5

 Latvia
73.6
 1.2

 Qatar
72.6
 0.5

 Japan
72.3
 2.7

 Israel
72.2
 2.5

 Austria
71.8
 0.5

 Macedonia
71.3
 0.6

 Macau
70.9
 0.2

 Botswana
69.9
 0.2

 Vanuatu
69.5
 2.1

 Romania
69.4
 0.3

 Uruguay
69.2
 0.5

 Rwanda
69.1
 1.5

 Jamaica
69.1
 0.4

 Kazakhstan
69.1
 0.1

 Colombia
68.9
 0.8

 Peru
68.7
 0.2

 Armenia
68.7
 1.6

 Poland
68.5
 0.2

 Malta
68.5
 0.8

 Bulgaria
68.3
 0.4

 Cyprus
67.8
 0.1

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
67.7
 2.5

 Bahrain
67.7
 0.8

 Saint Lucia
67.6
 2.6

 Belgium
67.5
 0.3

 Thailand
67.1
 0.9

 Panama
67.0
 0.7

 Hungary
66.7
 0.9

 Kosovo
66.6
 1.3

 Costa Rica
65.6
 0.6

 Turkey
65.4
 0.2

 Slovakia
65.3
 0.4

 Spain
65.1
 1.5

 Philippines
65.0
 0.6

 Jordan
64.9
 1.8

 Mexico
64.8
 1.2

 Slovenia
64.8
 5.6

 Albania
64.5
 0.1

 Dominica
64.5
 0.8

 Azerbaijan
64.3
 0.7

 Montenegro
64.3
 2.3

 Indonesia
64.2
 2.3

 Brunei Darussalam
64.2
 5.6

 France
63.9
 0.6

 Portugal
63.4
 0.8

 Guatemala
63.4
 0.4

 The Bahamas
63.3
 2.2

 El Salvador
63.2
 0.9

 Tonga
63.1
 0.1

 South Africa
63.0
 0.7

 Kyrgyzstan
62.8
 1.7

 Italy
62.5
 0.0

 Serbia
62.5
 3.6

 Kuwait
62.2
 2.9

 Paraguay
62.1
 0.3

 Uganda
62.0
 1.1

 Fiji
62.0
 1.4

 Ivory Coast
62.0
 1.0

 Morocco
61.9
 0.4

 Bhutan
61.8
 3.4

 Seychelles
61.6
 0.2

 Dominican Republic
61.6
 1.3

 Samoa
61.6
 3.1

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
61.4
 1.2

 Croatia
61.0
 1.6

 Oman
61.0
 1.1

 Honduras
60.6
 1.8

 Burkina Faso
60.0
 0.4

 Cabo Verde
60.0
 3.1

 Tanzania
59.9
 1.3

 Saudi Arabia
59.6
 4.8

 Tunisia
58.9
 3.2

 Nicaragua
58.9
 0.3

 Cambodia
58.7
 0.8

 Guyana
58.7
 0.2

 Namibia
58.5
 4.0

 Nigeria
58.5
 1.4

 Moldova
58.4
 0.4

 Tajikistan
58.3
 0.1

 Russia
58.2
 0.1

 Belarus
58.1
 0.5

 Gabon
58.0
 0.6

 China
57.8
 0.4

 Sri Lanka
57.8
 0.4

 Trinidad and Tobago
57.7
 3.5

 Mali
57.6
 1.0

 Solomon Islands
57.5
 2.5

 Greece
57.3
 2.3

 Belize
57.1
 1.5

 Barbados
57.0
 2.5

 Guinea-Bissau
56.9
 0.8

 Madagascar
56.8
 0.6

 Benin
56.7
 2.5

 Comoros
56.2
 0.4

 Ghana
56.0
 0.2

 Swaziland
55.9
 5.2

 Haiti
55.8
 6.2

 Mongolia
55.7
 0.9

 Senegal
55.7
 0.2

 Papua New Guinea
55.7
 4.8

 Bangladesh
55.1
 0.1

 Kenya
54.7
 1.2

 India
54.5
 1.9

 Pakistan
54.4
 1.6

 Zambia
54.3
 1.5

   Nepal
54.1
 1.0

 Mauritania
54.0
 0.4

 Myanmar
53.9
 1.4

 Lesotho
53.9
 0.0

 São Tomé and Príncipe
53.6
 1.8

 Laos
53.6
 0.4

 Egypt
53.4
 0.8

 Lebanon
53.2
 0.1

 Vietnam
53.1
 0.7

 Ethiopia
52.8
 0.1

 Micronesia
52.3
 1.8

 Argentina
52.3
 1.9

 The Gambia
52.3
 1.1

 Guinea
52.2
 4.6

 Congo-Kinshasa
52.2
 4.3

 Malawi
52.1
 0.2

 Cameroon
52.0
 0.1

 Ukraine
51.9
 3.8

 Sierra Leone
51.8
 0.8

 Uzbekistan
51.5
 0.8

 Brazil
51.4
 1.5

 Afghanistan
51.1
 2.4

 Maldives
51.1
 0.8

 Iran
50.0
 0.4

 Burundi
50.9
 2.3

 Liberia
50.9
 1.8

 Kiribati
50.8
 0.1

 Niger
49.5
 1.3

 Sudan
49.4
 0.6

 Chad
49.3
 0.3

 Central African Republic
49.2
 2.6

 Angola
48.6
 0.1

 Ecuador
48.5
 0.8

 Suriname
48.1
 0.1

 Timor-Leste
48.1
 1.8

 Togo
47.8
 5.4

 Turkmenistan
47.1
 0.3

 Mozambique
46.3
 3.6

 Djibouti
45.1
 1.6

 Algeria
44.7
 1.8

 Bolivia
44.1
 3.6

 Zimbabwe
44.0
 0.0

 Equatorial Guinea
42.0
 3.0

 Eritrea
41.7
 0.5

 Congo-Brazzaville
38.9
 1.1

 Cuba
31.9
 2.0

 Venezuela
25.2
 1.8

 North Korea
5.8
 0.9

tag: table

text: Not ranked[edit]

text:
Andorra
 Antigua and Barbuda
 Grenada
 Iraq
 Libya
 Liechtenstein
 Marshall Islands
 Monaco
 Nauru
 Palau
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 San Marino
 Somalia
 South Sudan
 Syria
 Tuvalu
 Yemen

text: 2017 ranking with more attributes[edit]

text: The following table contains more attributes. The whole table is available in XLS format at The Heritage Foundation web site.[4]

text:
Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Afghanistan
48,9
12,6
28,4
27,5
91,6
79,9
97,3
54,2
59,9
69,3
66,0
0
0

 Albania
64,4
54,0
28,5
39,7
86,9
72,5
51,5
79,3
50,7
81,4
87,7
70
70

 Algeria
46,5
38,2
29,6
31,7
81,1
51,0
19,8
62,1
49,5
67,0
63,3
35
30

 Angola
48,5
36,4
19,8
12,8
87,7
58,6
70,7
58,5
40,4
70,6
56,7
30
40

 Argentina
50,4
32,4
39,6
38,2
62,6
54,6
56,4
57,3
46,1
50,9
66,7
50
50

 Armenia
70,3
55,5
42,5
43,4
83,7
81,7
82,9
78,5
72,4
72,8
80,2
80
70

 Australia
81,0
81,7
92,9
74,8
63,2
59,0
84,6
89,3
84,1
86,4
86,2
80
90

 Austria
72,3
86,0
81,8
75,2
50,3
19,3
79,7
76,9
67,6
83,4
87,0
90
70

 Azerbaijan
63,6
50,5
33,0
37,6
87,7
57,5
97,4
71,5
75,0
73,6
74,4
55
50

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Bahamas
61,1
45,3
48,7
38,2
97,1
83,8
42,3
68,5
71,5
77,0
50,6
50
60

 Bahrain
68,5
64,2
53,7
55,5
99,9
69,8
12,0
69,4
78,7
80,7
82,8
75
80

 Bangladesh
55,0
34,9
26,0
19,1
72,8
94,0
78,7
53,4
68,7
68,6
63,6
50
30

 Barbados
54,5
55,5
33,0
34,3
74,0
39,0
0,0
69,6
67,7
83,7
62,2
75
60

 Belarus
58,6
50,9
56,3
37,6
89,8
48,7
92,8
71,3
74,6
60,4
80,6
30
10

 Belgium
67,8
83,3
69,3
71,5
44,1
9,6
66,3
82,0
61,1
84,9
87,0
85
70

 Belize
58,6
43,5
48,7
35,0
81,3
68,6
60,5
62,7
53,6
79,6
70,1
50
50

 Benin
59,2
36,0
29,4
31,3
68,6
85,9
71,3
51,9
52,4
85,4
68,7
80
50

 Bhutan
58,4
60,1
50,7
44,7
83,1
73,6
61,7
72,6
77,6
67,1
60,0
20
30

 Bolivia
47,7
25,7
15,4
32,6
86,1
49,1
81,4
58,9
35,8
66,4
76,0
5
40

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
60,2
41,2
40,0
32,7
83,5
33,7
89,3
47,4
59,3
84,0
86,6
65
60

 Botswana
70,1
58,1
54,0
57,6
77,1
61,2
99,4
68,8
68,6
77,9
83,8
65
70

 Brazil
52,9
55,0
49,7
33,4
70,1
53,1
22,8
61,3
52,3
67,0
69,4
50
50

 Bulgaria
67,9
62,5
38,9
41,8
91,0
58,4
86,4
66,7
68,3
83,3
87,0
70
60

 Burkina Faso
59,6
38,2
28,4
31,7
82,6
82,5
88,4
46,4
53,3
84,6
69,2
70
40

 Burma
52,5
23,0
12,9
29,6
86,2
81,5
89,9
50,1
77,1
65,4
74,2
20
20

 Burundi
53,2
25,7
19,8
24,6
73,8
69,5
69,6
53,5
67,4
75,2
74,2
55
30

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Cambodia
59,5
42,4
22,1
12,8
90,2
88,1
95,7
29,6
62,0
81,0
80,3
60
50

 Cameroon
51,8
43,5
29,6
17,4
75,4
84,4
60,9
44,3
47,8
80,1
53,4
35
50

 Canada
78,5
88,3
80,8
81,6
77,4
52,3
80,3
81,9
73,1
77,8
88,4
80
80

 Cabo Verde
56,9
42,6
50,2
41,8
78,3
70,7
1,2
65,5
43,2
86,7
68,2
75
60

 Central African Republic
51,8
12,6
33,0
28,7
65,8
94,1
84,1
27,2
42,7
68,2
55,2
80
30

 Chad
49,0
30,6
24,1
24,6
46,0
87,2
74,6
27,5
44,9
74,3
54,7
60
40

 Chile
76,5
68,2
63,7
70,5
77,6
82,2
96,1
72,3
64,3
82,2
86,4
85
70

 China
57,4
48,3
60,7
41,6
70,0
73,0
92,5
53,9
63,4
71,8
73,6
20
20

 Colombia
69,7
63,8
25,2
39,6
80,1
74,2
89,8
77,1
77,9
77,0
81,6
80
70

 Comoros
55,8
37,3
22,6
30,0
64,6
81,2
98,6
58,5
50,6
81,5
70,2
45
30

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
56,4
40,6
48,7
28,6
73,4
94,7
99,3
59,9
38,4
78,6
64,6
30
20

 Congo, Republic of
40,0
34,8
22,6
30,5
66,8
36,2
11,6
32,1
37,5
76,1
52,2
50
30

 Costa Rica
65,0
51,6
55,6
55,4
79,4
88,5
42,4
68,1
53,9
80,8
84,7
70
50

 Côte d'Ivoire
63,0
42,6
45,8
34,3
78,4
84,6
87,0
62,1
50,6
73,2
72,3
75
50

 Croatia
59,4
65,5
56,8
43,4
66,8
31,3
44,7
58,2
43,3
80,3
87,4
75
60

 Cuba
33,9
32,4
10,0
41,8
51,3
0,0
81,2
20,0
20,0
66,0
64,5
10
10

 Cyprus
67,9
75,4
60,7
53,6
73,0
48,8
72,9
75,8
58,6
83,3
87,0
75
50

 Czech Republic
73,3
70,3
55,9
55,9
82,9
45,3
92,0
67,2
77,7
85,8
87,0
80
80

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Denmark
75,1
86,7
68,5
84,9
37,2
5,7
95,4
93,9
85,8
85,5
87,0
90
80

 Djibouti
46,7
12,3
10,3
32,6
80,9
39,5
13,8
51,6
59,0
75,3
54,9
80
50

 Dominica
63,7
43,8
67,7
40,9
73,2
67,5
72,6
72,1
59,0
89,5
72,6
75
30

 Dominican Republic
62,9
56,1
25,3
30,9
84,6
90,2
90,1
52,8
56,2
76,7
77,0
75
40

 Ecuador
49,3
38,7
22,3
33,9
79,1
46,1
56,4
55,4
47,3
67,7
69,7
35
40

 Egypt
52,6
35,4
56,3
32,7
86,1
63,0
4,6
66,8
51,3
69,6
70,2
55
40

 El Salvador
64,1
45,3
35,4
31,7
79,0
85,9
74,7
57,3
54,5
79,2
86,5
80
60

 Equatorial Guinea
45,0
35,4
13,1
24,6
75,4
53,6
46,4
50,9
38,5
78,3
53,8
40
30

 Eritrea
42,2
36,4
10,3
27,5
81,3
74,7
0,0
56,7
69,7
61,0
69,2
0
20

 Estonia
79,1
82,6
82,8
69,9
81,2
55,8
99,8
77,0
56,9
85,7
87,0
90
80

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Ethiopia
52,7
32,6
29,6
37,6
77,1
90,3
86,5
50,0
57,2
65,7
65,1
20
20

 Fiji
63,4
67,7
41,9
32,7
80,7
72,5
84,1
61,3
70,5
75,5
68,8
55
50

 Finland
74,0
90,6
82,7
90,0
66,6
0,0
77,3
90,2
53,4
85,1
87,0
85
80

 France
63,3
85,0
72,7
69,7
47,6
2,0
57,0
78,0
44,1
81,6
82,0
70
70

 Gabon
58,6
35,9
26,7
37,6
77,0
81,0
96,1
50,6
58,4
83,0
61,8
55
40

 Gambia
53,4
39,1
38,8
38,2
74,9
74,3
3,2
52,8
65,6
63,8
65,0
75
50

 Georgia
76,0
55,1
66,5
65,0
87,3
74,4
93,5
87,2
75,9
78,2
88,6
80
60

 Germany
73,8
82,9
79,5
77,7
61,9
41,4
89,9
86,6
42,8
85,9
87,0
80
70

 Ghana
56,2
51,6
40,9
35,5
84,5
76,3
9,2
59,6
57,4
64,5
65,1
70
60

 Greece
55,0
52,5
56,1
41,3
61,1
5,4
58,1
74,3
51,0
78,2
82,0
60
40

 Guatemala
63,0
45,0
27,8
27,5
79,2
94,8
93,5
58,7
48,2
79,4
87,0
65
50

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Guinea
47,6
15,6
13,1
27,5
69,1
78,4
34,2
55,8
54,8
71,1
61,2
50
40

 Guinea-Bissau
56,1
33,8
48,7
28,7
89,0
87,5
75,3
46,7
60,9
77,7
65,2
30
30

 Guyana
58,5
37,7
34,1
33,9
68,0
72,8
80,9
63,2
70,9
79,8
70,7
60
30

 Haiti
49,6
12,6
25,1
19,1
80,3
81,0
51,8
49,4
62,1
73,8
70,6
40
30

 Honduras
58,8
45,0
38,2
32,2
83,3
74,7
64,1
56,9
31,2
77,3
78,4
65
60

 Hong Kong SAR
89,8
93,7
84,0
80,3
93,0
90,0
100,0
94,6
89,1
83,2
90,0
90
90

 Hungary
65,8
60,1
51,8
41,5
79,3
25,3
79,3
64,0
64,4
91,7
87,0
75
70

 Iceland
74,4
85,0
71,5
71,5
70,9
41,1
90,6
90,2
62,6
81,2
88,0
80
60

 India
52,6
55,4
44,4
44,3
77,2
77,4
11,0
52,8
41,6
75,0
72,6
40
40

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Indonesia
61,9
48,3
39,3
44,7
83,6
89,9
90,1
49,1
48,9
74,0
80,5
35
60

 Iran
50,5
32,4
36,0
29,6
81,1
92,7
94,9
64,8
54,5
55,5
54,5
0
10

 Iraq
N/A
37,3
15,9
19,1
N/A
36,1
11,3
61,2
68,0
76,9
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Ireland
76,7
85,8
78,3
78,3
72,7
57,1
60,3
80,3
73,6
87,6
87,0
90
70

 Israel
69,7
71,9
82,0
47,6
61,0
50,5
71,8
69,9
64,3
84,9
88,0
75
70

 Italy
62,5
74,6
55,4
44,7
54,9
22,3
66,9
69,8
52,9
86,9
87,0
85
50

 Jamaica
69,5
58,0
61,5
38,2
81,0
77,5
79,9
78,9
73,7
79,5
75,3
80
50

 Japan
69,6
89,4
73,8
86,1
68,5
52,3
9,5
82,3
77,5
83,0
82,6
70
60

 Jordan
66,7
60,1
49,5
49,8
91,3
73,3
55,5
63,9
58,1
86,7
82,0
70
60

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Kazakhstan
69,0
56,1
56,5
38,0
93,3
85,7
98,9
74,5
82,5
73,9
78,5
40
50

 Kenya
53,5
45,1
42,7
24,7
78,5
77,9
14,4
50,0
62,4
73,8
67,2
55
50

 Kiribati
50,9
48,0
33,0
37,6
73,6
0,0
99,5
51,5
71,9
82,0
58,2
25
30

 Korea, North
4,9
32,4
5,0
11,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
5,0
5,0
0,0
0,0
0
0

 Korea, South
74,3
77,8
59,9
67,3
73,7
68,9
97,4
90,6
57,0
84,0
79,5
65
70

 Kuwait
65,1
55,5
56,4
41,3
97,7
40,8
99,8
61,2
61,5
73,6
78,7
55
60

 Kyrgyz Republic
61,1
50,9
17,2
30,3
93,7
55,2
78,9
73,7
79,8
68,5
75,3
60
50

 Laos
54,0
35,3
35,9
32,6
86,1
76,6
61,2
66,3
54,4
70,2
74,6
35
20

 Latvia
74,8
72,6
59,7
67,3
84,7
57,4
95,0
79,8
72,0
86,5
87,0
75
60

 Lebanon
53,3
43,8
25,3
23,3
91,8
76,1
0,0
51,5
49,5
78,4
84,4
65
50

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Lesotho
53,9
51,6
50,9
39,6
55,7
0,0
92,2
52,2
57,7
76,4
80,2
50
40

 Liberia
49,1
33,6
41,0
31,4
83,6
60,1
36,2
53,1
48,5
71,8
60,1
50
20

 Libya
N/A
6,8
22,6
26,7
95
0
11,4
65,0
52,5
69,2
80,0
N/A
N/A

 Liechtenstein
N/A
n/a
n/a
n/a
N/A
N/A
N/A
92,3
85,7
N/A
90,0
85
80

 Lithuania
75,8
73,0
62,4
69,7
86,9
64,1
93,6
79,1
63,6
90,0
87,0
70
70

 Luxembourg
75,9
85,8
77,0
78,3
64,5
46,0
99,0
68,6
43,8
86,2
87,0
95
80

 Macau
70,7
60,0
60,0
37,1
72,3
92,8
100,0
60,0
50,0
70,8
90,0
85
70

 Macedonia
70,7
67,0
61,4
52,0
91,9
68,9
72,6
81,5
66,7
80,8
86,1
60
60

 Madagascar
57,4
34,8
21,4
25,0
91,0
93,2
79,8
43,3
43,8
73,3
78,0
55
50

 Malawi
52,2
36,0
44,2
31,3
79,1
69,8
33,5
45,3
56,9
54,7
70,5
55
50

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Malaysia
73,8
85,3
67,3
51,8
85,3
78,7
76,5
90,8
73,1
85,3
81,2
60
50

 Maldives
50,3
45,1
33,0
31,4
93,0
51,5
9,4
80,6
70,4
76,3
47,8
35
30

 Mali
58,6
36,7
33,8
34,3
69,4
88,0
87,8
44,2
51,1
83,0
70,1
65
40

 Malta
67,7
67,7
62,9
53,6
62,8
44,9
85,1
62,5
57,2
83,5
87,0
85
60

 Mauritania
54,4
22,5
13,8
29,2
81,2
73,2
77,1
64,4
57,4
81,9
62,3
50
40

 Mauritius
74,7
64,4
72,6
44,3
92,0
81,5
74,9
78,2
68,8
81,1
88,7
80
70

 Mexico
63,6
58,1
38,7
30,0
74,9
76,7
66,8
70,7
57,9
78,8
80,0
70
60

 Micronesia
54,1
30,0
30,0
40,7
90,7
0,0
98,6
57,8
67,7
83,6
85,6
35
30

 Moldova
58,0
49,6
23,9
28,6
86,1
54,8
90,6
65,9
38,9
72,0
80,0
55
50

 Mongolia
54,8
51,3
28,4
36,8
87,1
57,6
0,0
67,2
76,6
72,3
74,9
45
60

 Montenegro
62,0
58,0
50,4
43,4
83,1
33,1
44,3
72,0
67,4
82,5
84,7
75
50

 Morocco
61,5
55,0
41,9
37,1
71,7
69,4
55,0
67,7
33,8
82,7
84,0
70
70

 Mozambique
49,9
40,6
32,4
30,9
73,2
58,2
22,7
58,8
41,0
79,9
76,7
35
50

 Namibia
62,5
53,8
50,6
41,3
65,2
55,6
66,4
67,6
84,4
77,2
83,5
65
40

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

   Nepal
55,1
37,3
32,0
26,7
84,9
89,5
98,4
64,6
47,6
72,2
68,1
10
30

 Netherlands
75,8
87,4
69,9
85,7
53,2
37,0
83,0
80,2
70,5
85,8
87,0
90
80

 New Zealand
83,7
96,1
88,5
89,9
70,8
46,5
97,8
91,8
86,2
90,1
87,4
80
80

 Nicaragua
59,2
31,1
15,9
27,4
77,2
80,8
96,1
59,0
55,6
71,2
81,0
65
50

 Niger
50,8
33,8
22,6
35,0
76,3
73,4
38,5
39,1
46,1
83,3
66,4
55
40

 Nigeria
57,1
35,3
33,2
12,2
85,2
95,2
87,2
48,9
73,9
71,3
62,3
40
40

 Norway
74,0
86,7
83,3
88,3
55,6
38,5
98,4
89,5
48,8
75,8
87,7
75
60

 Oman
62,1
60,8
52,3
47,6
98,5
20,5
36,3
68,4
70,3
80,6
85,2
65
60

 Pakistan
52,8
36,4
34,1
30,5
78,9
87,3
30,8
61,2
37,8
74,8
67,2
55
40

 Panama
66,3
61,1
21,5
40,9
85,2
83,1
84,9
74,4
43,0
78,4
77,8
75
70

 Papua New Guinea
50,9
37,7
54,0
32,7
67,8
64,5
16,7
59,8
67,4
69,8
85,4
25
30

 Paraguay
62,4
38,2
23,3
32,6
96,2
83,0
95,1
62,4
28,5
78,3
76,6
75
60

 Peru
68,9
58,3
28,2
38,8
80,3
85,1
98,4
69,4
62,8
83,3
87,1
75
60

 Philippines
65,6
49,2
37,1
38,7
78,9
89,4
97,2
62,6
57,2
80,6
76,4
60
60

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Poland
68,3
60,8
58,0
55,5
76,0
46,9
76,1
67,8
61,5
84,7
87,0
75
70

 Portugal
62,6
73,3
68,9
59,0
59,8
25,1
32,1
86,4
43,4
85,9
87,0
70
60

 Qatar
73,1
74,8
63,0
59,0
99,6
71,2
97,4
68,1
65,4
80,6
83,1
55
60

 Romania
69,7
63,9
58,5
45,9
87,4
65,3
90,9
65,9
62,5
83,6
87,0
75
50

 Russia
57,1
47,6
44,5
38,2
81,8
61,5
93,4
74,8
50,8
57,3
75,2
30
30

 Rwanda
67,6
64,4
68,8
45,9
79,8
77,3
83,3
59,0
81,8
80,0
70,3
60
40

 Saint Lucia
65,0
65,5
68,8
39,6
76,4
71,6
53,8
77,2
68,7
82,3
71,6
65
40

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
65,2
37,3
68,8
47,6
72,8
71,7
66,7
80,3
74,5
82,9
65,2
75
40

 Samoa
58,4
51,3
22,6
37,1
80,4
51,9
66,6
77,0
73,3
84,5
70,7
55
30

 São Tomé and Príncipe
55,4
37,7
15,9
39,7
87,8
67,9
67,1
65,0
47,2
69,6
71,8
65
30

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Saudi Arabia
64,4
62,0
65,0
45,9
99,7
54,5
65,7
73,8
68,5
70,1
78,2
40
50

 Senegal
55,9
44,0
39,3
42,1
70,9
74,3
51,8
50,8
38,9
86,0
73,1
60
40

 Serbia
58,9
50,3
40,2
38,2
83,3
40,3
46,9
62,9
65,9
80,8
77,8
70
50

 Seychelles
61,8
55,2
42,6
44,3
78,8
63,9
90,7
63,4
55,9
78,3
83,4
55
30

 Sierra Leone
52,6
37,4
27,0
18,9
81,3
90,2
76,2
49,6
29,7
71,1
69,4
60
20

 Singapore
88,6
97,1
91,5
87,9
90,5
90,1
80,7
95,1
90,8
84,3
90,0
85
80

 Slovak Republic
65,7
69,0
38,0
39,6
79,7
47,2
82,9
64,9
54,4
81,1
87,0
75
70

 Slovenia
59,2
75,0
55,1
53,6
58,7
28,6
6,1
80,6
60,2
85,3
87,0
70
50

 Solomon Islands
55,0
39,3
41,9
33,9
62,8
34,4
99,8
68,5
70,5
81,0
83,0
15
30

 South Africa
62,3
67,6
59,7
47,6
70,2
68,4
70,0
62,0
58,9
75,8
77,3
40
50

 Spain
63,6
71,2
53,9
57,2
62,5
41,4
26,9
66,9
55,3
85,5
87,0
85
70

 Sri Lanka
57,4
48,0
48,3
30,0
85,3
90,2
31,2
72,8
57,5
76,0
74,5
35
40

 Sudan
48,8
31,1
19,8
18,9
86,5
95,1
85,5
53,9
49,7
59,3
50,5
15
20

 Suriname
48,0
45,1
15,4
31,7
70,1
69,6
16,2
48,6
76,1
75,1
68,4
30
30

 Swaziland
61,1
53,5
33,3
30,9
74,8
71,6
93,2
57,5
64,4
75,6
88,9
50
40

 Sweden
74,9
88,6
82,2
87,4
44,4
21,7
93,4
90,8
53,2
85,3
87,0
85
80

  Switzerland
81,5
86,9
77,6
80,3
70,9
67,5
95,8
76,8
72,2
84,4
90,0
85
90

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Syria
N/A
37,3
22,6
30,0
N/A
N/A
0,0
66,4
55,7
N/A
56,6
N/A
N/A

 Taiwan
76,5
86,5
67,7
70,5
75,3
89,5
83,7
93,4
55,0
85,2
86,2
65
60

 Tajikistan
58,2
45,5
45,6
32,7
90,9
74,1
95,8
65,6
49,2
69,8
73,9
25
30

 Tanzania
58,6
33,8
28,8
29,2
80,3
89,5
76,6
50,1
64,3
69,6
76,0
55
50

 Thailand
66,2
51,3
41,7
40,7
81,0
85,3
96,3
69,9
62,8
72,9
82,8
50
60

 Timor-Leste
46,3
6,8
10,3
29,2
64,7
65,6
20,0
72,2
63,9
77,5
80,0
45
20

 Togo
53,2
33,8
39,9
36,8
68,2
79,8
45,1
50,3
46,2
77,5
71,3
60
30

 Tonga
63,0
65,5
19,8
47,6
86,9
74,4
79,6
76,1
86,0
80,6
79,7
40
20

 Trinidad and Tobago
61,2
54,7
48,7
36,8
81,4
57,7
51,8
67,7
71,4
75,9
78,6
60
50

 Tunisia
55,7
49,6
39,9
37,3
73,7
73,4
53,4
80,6
56,1
75,9
63,8
35
30

 Turkey
65,2
61,3
52,5
40,7
75,5
57,7
95,7
64,3
48,5
72,2
79,4
75
60

 Turkmenistan
47,4
32,4
5,0
29,6
95,3
92,3
98,9
30,0
20,0
74,8
80,0
0
10

 Uganda
60,9
39,3
34,6
28,7
73,7
91,0
78,1
42,4
84,6
80,3
78,3
60
40

 Ukraine
48,1
41,4
22,6
29,2
78,6
38,2
67,9
62,1
48,8
47,4
85,9
25
30

 United Arab Emirates
76,9
76,7
85,0
74,2
96,4
67,4
99,2
81,1
80,9
78,4
83,5
40
60

 United Kingdom
76,4
93,8
93,0
78,3
65,1
41,9
40,4
89,9
72,8
85,0
87,0
90
80

 United States
75,1
81,3
75,1
78,1
65,3
55,9
53,3
84,4
91,0
80,1
87,1
80
70

 Uruguay
69,7
70,2
66,8
70,3
77,5
69,4
77,2
74,8
62,9
71,3
80,6
85
30

 Uzbekistan
52,3
48,0
41,9
27,5
90,7
66,2
99,8
64,8
50,4
61,1
66,8
0
10

 Vanuatu
67,4
65,5
33,0
70,5
97,0
80,4
99,1
51,4
58,1
74,8
73,9
65
40

 Venezuela
27,0
6,8
10,3
11,6
72,5
51,5
15,2
39,7
28,5
16,8
60,7
0
10

 Vietnam
52,4
49,7
32,0
24,6
79,6
74,6
21,1
61,2
62,2
76,0
83,1
25
40

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

 Yemen
N/A
37,3
22,6
17,4
N/A
77,2
10,6
51,4
54,2
59,7
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Zambia
55,8
49,6
39,8
35,0
73,1
81,6
21,6
66,6
48,2
70,7
78,3
55
50

 Zimbabwe
44,0
27,3
26,1
14,7
61,1
75,2
90,6
36,2
33,1
76,5
52,8
25
10

 Somalia
N/A
6,8
N/A
11,6
100
N/A
0,0
92,3
91,8
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Kosovo
67,9
70,3
58,0
45,9
93,5
77,8
88,9
68,8
65,3
80,0
70,8
65
30

 Brunei Darussalam
69,8
62,5
39,9
40,9
85,6
61,2
100,0
76,6
90,4
76,1
89,1
65
50

Country Name
2017 Score
Property Rights
Judicial Strength
Gov't Integrity
Tax Burden
Gov't Spending
Fiscal Health
Business Freedom
Labor Freedom
Monetary Freedom
Trade Freedom
Investment Freedom
Financial Freedom

text: Method[edit]

text: The 2018 ranking scores aspects of economic freedom between 0 and 100, with 0 meaning "no economic freedom" and 100 meaning "total economic freedom". There are twelve aspects divided into four categories.[5]

text: Rule of law[edit]

text: Degree of a country's legal protection of private property rights and degree of enforcement of those laws. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

text:
physical property rights
intellectual property rights
strength of investor protection
risk of expropriation
quality of land administration

tag: ol

text: Degree of the judiciary's efficiency and fairness, especially dealing with property laws. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

text:
judicial independence
quality of the judicial process
likelihood of obtaining favorable judicial decisions

text: Analyzes how prevalent are forms of political corruption and practices such as bribery, extortion, nepotism, cronyism, patronage, embezzlement, and graft. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

text:
public trust in politicians
irregular payments and bribes
transparency of government policymaking
absence of corruption
perceptions of corruption
governmental and civil service transparency

text: Government size[edit]

text: Analyzes marginal tax rates on personal and corporate income and the overall taxation level (including direct and indirect taxes imposed by all levels of government) as a percentage of the GDP. Its sub-factors are:

text:
top marginal tax rate on individual income
top marginal tax rate on corporate income
total tax burden as a percentage of GDP

text: Quantifies the burden of government expenditures, including consumption by the state and all transfer payments related to various entitlement programs. The ideal level varies from country to country, but zero expenditure is used as a benchmark.

text: Analyzes how well a country manages its budget by quantifying the growing debt and deficit. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

text:
average deficits as a percentage of GDP for the most recent three years (80 percent of score)
debt as a percentage of GDP (20 percent of score)

text: Regulatory efficiency[edit]

text: Analyses the cost, time and freedom to open, operate and close a business, taking into consideration factors like electricity. It is divided into thirteen sub-factors:

text:
starting a business—procedures (number);
starting a business—time (days);
starting a business—cost (% of income per capita);
starting a business—minimum capital (% of income per capita);
obtaining a license—procedures (number);
obtaining a license—time (days);
obtaining a license—cost (% of income per capita);
closing a business—time (years);
closing a business—cost (% of estate);
closing a business—recovery rate (cents on the dollar);
getting electricity—procedures (number);
getting electricity—time (days); and
getting electricity—cost (% of income per capita).

text: Quantifies the intrusivness of labor rights such as minimum wage, laws inhibiting layoffs, severance requirements, and measurable regulatory restraints on hiring and hours worked, plus the labor force participation rate as an indicative measure of employment opportunities in the labor market. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

text:
ratio of minimum wage to the average value added per worker
hindrance to hiring additional workers
rigidity of hours
difficulty of firing redundant employees
legally mandated notice period
mandatory severance pay
labor force participation rate

text: Analyses how stable are prices and how much microeconomy intervenes. It is divided into the following sub-factors:

text:
weighted average inflation rate for the most recent three years
price controls

text: Market openness[edit]

text: Quantifies the extent to which tariff and nontariff barriers affect imports and exports of goods and services into and out of the country. Its sub-factors are:

text:
trade-weighted average tariff rate
nontariff barriers (NTBs)

text: Analyses how free or constrained is the flow of investment capital of individuals and firms.

text: Indicates banking efficiency as well as how independent from the government is the financial sector. This aspect looks at five broad areas:

text:
extent of government regulation of financial services
degree of state intervention in banks and other financial firms through direct and indirect ownership
government influence on the allocation of credit
extent of financial and capital market development
openness to foreign competition

text: Meaning[edit]

text: The Heritage Foundation reports that the top 20% on the index have twice the per capita income of those in the second quintile, and five times that of the bottom 20%.[6] Carl Schramm, who wrote the first chapter of the 2008 Index, states that cities of Medieval Italy and mid-19th century Midwestern American cities all flourished to the degree they possessed economic fluidity and institutional adaptiveness created by economic freedom.[7]

text: According to Will Wilkinson of the libertarian think tank Cato Institute, studies show that higher economic freedom correlates strongly with higher self-reported happiness.[8] According to economists Tomi Ovaska and Ryo Takashima, economic freedom research suggests "that people unmistakably care about the degree to which the society where they live provides them opportunities and the freedom to undertake new projects, strongly with and make choices based on one's personal preferences."[9]

text: According to the Cato Institute, higher economic freedom promotes participation and collaboration.[10] Also claimed is that higher economic freedom is extremely significant in preventing wars; according to their calculations, freedom is around 54 times more effective than democracy (as measured by Democracy Score) in diminishing violent conﬂict.[11]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Since the index was created in 1995, the score for world economic freedom has increased, rising 2.6 points up to 2008.[12] In 2011 the score had decreased from the 2008 score of 60.2 to 59.7, which represents an increase of 2.2 points since 1995. The Economic Freedom score improved for 117 countries, the majority of countries included in the index, which were mainly developing and emerging market economies. With the exception of Europe and North America, there were increased levels of freedom recorded in all regions, with the greatest improvement shown in Sub-Saharan Africa. The top five "free" economies identified by the 2011 index were Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and Switzerland, each scoring over 80 on the economic freedom grading scale.[13] Since the Index was created in 1995, Hong Kong has been the top performing economy.[13][14]

text: In 2011, the United States dropped to 9th place behind such countries as Denmark, Canada, and first-place Hong Kong.[13] The Heritage Foundation has pointed to increases in government spending as the reason for the United States' decline, and according to data from the 2011 index, the growth rates of countries with the highest levels of government spending were 4.5 points lower, on average, than countries where government spending was under control.[15] In their "Executive Highlights" of index results, the Heritage Foundation stated that  "high levels of government spending in response to the global economic turmoil have not resulted in higher economic growth".[13]

text: The results from the 2012 index showed an overall decline in global economic freedom; according to The Heritage Foundation, the average score in its ranking was the second lowest of the last ten years.[16] In particular, the U.S. dropped to 10th place in the ranking, and has now fallen three places since 2008, when it was 7th.[17]  A report issued by the Foundation stated that government spending was the cause of the decline, and had "not only failed to arrest the economic crisis, but also—in many countries—seems to be prolonging it".[18] According to the report, activity in the private sector is threatened by the greater government spending, which has increased public debt and led to more bureaucracy.[16]

text: Countries that shared the same rank received a tie score.

text: Reception[edit]

text: According to the Freedom House, "there is a high and statistically significant correlation between the level of political freedom as measured by Freedom House and economic freedom as measured by the Wall Street Journal/Heritage Foundation survey."[19] The Millennium Challenge Account, a U.S. government foreign aid program, has used the Trade freedom indicator in determining which countries will receive their performance-based compacts.[20]

text: Critics such as Jeffrey Sachs have contested the Index's assumption that economic openness necessarily leads to better growth. In his book The End of Poverty, Sachs graphed countries' ratings on the index against GDP per capita growth between 1995 and 2003, claiming to demonstrate no correlation between a country's rating and its rate of economic growth. Sachs pointed out, as examples, that countries with good ratings such as Switzerland and Uruguay had sluggish economic performances, others, like China, with poorer rating had very strong economic growth.[21]

text: The UAE questioned the rating of their country's economic freedom in 2008, comparing its middling rating with the high rating they had received from other indicators such as Transparency International and Moody's. They also argued that the report is "unreliable", because its methodology had changed twice in the last two years.[22]

text: Stefan Karlsson of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, challenged the usefulness of the index due to the fuzziness of many of the categories used to determine freedom.[23] John Miller roundly criticizes the "Index", writing in Dollars & Sense, "In the hands of the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation, Washington's foremost right-wing think tank, however, an economic freedom index merely measures corporate and entrepreneurial freedom from accountability. Upon examination, the index turns out to be a poor barometer of either freedom more broadly construed or of prosperity."[24] According to Left Business Observer, growth in Index accounts for 10% of the variation in the growth of GDP.[25]

text: Historical rankings[edit]

text: Historical ranks and scores[edit]

text:
Key: ██ Free (80–100)
██ Mostly Free (70.0–79.9)
██ Moderately Free (60.0–69.9)
██ Mostly Unfree (50.0–59.9)
██ Repressed (0–49.9)

text:
2017[26]

2016[27]

2015[28]

2014[29]

Country

Rank

Score

Change  in Yearly Score from 2016

Rank

Score

Change  in Yearly Score from 2015

Rank

Score

Change  in Yearly Score from 2014

Rank

Score

Change  in Yearly Score from 2013

 Hong Kong

1
89.8
 1.2

1
88.6
 -1.0

1
89.6
 -0.5

1
90.1
 0.8

 New Zealand

3
83.7
 2.1

3
81.6
 -0.5

3
82.1
 0.9

5
81.2
 -0.2

  Switzerland

4
81.5
 0.5

4
81
 0.5

5
80.5
 -1.1

4
81.6
 0.6

 Australia

5
81
 0.7

5
80.3
 -1.1

4
81.4
 -0.6

3
82
 -0.6

 Estonia

6
79.1
 1.9

9
77.2
 0.4

8
76.8
 0.9

11
75.9
 0.6

 Canada

7
78.5
 0.5

6
78
 -1.1

6
79.1
 -1.1

6
80.2
 0.8

 United Arab Emirates

8
76.9
 4.5

25
72.4
 1

28
71.4
 0.3

28
71.1
 1.8

 Ireland

9
76.7
 -0.6

8
77.3
 0.7

9
76.6
 0.4

9
76.2
 0.5

 Chile

10
76.5
 -1.2

7
77.7
 -0.8

7
78.5
 -0.2

7
78.7
 -0.3

 Taiwan

11
76.5
 1.8

14
74.7
 -0.4

14
75.1
 1.2

17
73.9
 1.2

 United Kingdom

12
76.4
 0

10
76.4
 0.6

13
75.8
 0.9

14
74.9
 0.1

 Georgia

13
76
 3.0

22
73
 0.4

22
72.6
 0.4

21
72.2
 2.8

 Luxembourg

14
75.9
 2.7

21
73.2
 -1

16
74.2
 0

15
74.2
 -0.3

 Netherlands

15
75.8
 2.1

17
73.7
 -0.5

15
74.2
 0.7

17
73.5
 0.2

 Lithuania

16
75.8
 0.6

13
75.2
 0.5

15
74.7
 1.7

21
73
 0.9

 United States

17
75.1
 -0.3

11
75.4
 -0.8

12
76.2
 0.7

12
75.5
 -0.5

 Denmark

18
75.1
 -0.2

12
75.3
 -1.0

11
76.3
 0.2

10
76.1
 0

 Sweden

19
74.9
 2.2

23
72.7
 -0.4

20
73.1
 0.2

18
72.9
 1.2

 Latvia

20
74.8
 5.1

37
69.7
 1

42
68.7
 2.2

55
66.5
 1.3

 Mauritius

21
74.7
 0

15
74.7
 -1.7

10
76.4
 -0.1

8
76.5
 -0.4

 Iceland

22
74.4
 2.4

26
72
 -0.4

23
72.4
 0.3

23
72.1
 1.2

 South Korea

23
74.3
 2.8

29
71.5
 0.3

31
71.2
 0.9

34
70.3
 0.4

 Finland

24
74.0
 0.6

19
73.4
 0

19
73.4
 -0.6

16
74
 1.7

 Norway

25
74
 2.2

27
71.8
 0.9

32
70.9
 0.4

31
70.5
 1.7

 Germany

26
73.8
 0

16
73.8
 0.4

18
73.4
 0.6

19
72.8
 1.8

 Malaysia

27
73.8
 3

31
70.8
 1.2

37
69.6
 3.5

56
66.1
 -0.3

 Czech Republic

28
73.3
 0.8

24
72.5
 0.3

26
72.2
 1.3

29
70.9
 1

 Qatar

29
73.1
 2.3

32
70.8
 -0.4

30
71.2
 -0.1

27
71.3
 0

 Austria

30
72.3
 1.1

30
71.2
 -1.2

24
72.4
 0.6

25
71.8
 1.5

 Macedonia

31
70.7
 3.6

53
67.1
 -1.5

43
68.6
 0.4

43
68.2
 -0.3

 Macau

32
70.7
 0.4

34
70.3
 -1

29
71.3
 -0.4

26
71.7
 -0.1

 Armenia

33
70.3
 3.2

52
67.1
 -1.8

41
68.9
 -0.5

38
69.4
 0.6

 Botswana

34
71.1
 -2.2

36
69.8
 -2.2

27
72
 1.4

30
70.6
 1

 Brunei

35
69.8
 0.9

39
68.9
 -0.1

40
69
-

 Israel

36
69.7
 -0.8

33
70.5
 2.1

44
68.4
 1.5

51
66.9
 -0.9

 Colombia

37
69.7
 -2

28
71.7
 1

34
70.7
 1.1

37
69.6
 1.6

 Uruguay

38
69.7
 1.1

43
68.6
 -0.7

38
69.3
 -0.4

36
69.7
 -0.2

 Romania

39
69.7
 3.1

57
66.6
 1.1

62
65.5
 0.4

59
65.1
 0.7

 Japan

40
69.6
 -3.7

20
73.3
 0.9

25
72.4
 0.6

24
71.8
 0.2

 Jamaica

41
69.5
 1.8

48
67.7
 1

56
66.7
 -0.1

52
66.8
 1.7

 Kazakhstan

42
69
 5.7

69
63.3
 -0.4

67
63.7
 0.7

68
63
 -0.6

 Peru

43
68.9
 1.2

47
67.7
 0.3

47
67.4
 -0.8

44
68.2
 -0.5

 Bahrain

44
68.5
 -4.9

18
73.4
 -1.7

13
75.1
 -0.4

12
75.5
 0.3

 Poland

45
68.3
 -0.3

42
68.6
 1.6

50
67
 1

57
66
 1.8

 Kosovo

46
67.9

 Bulgaria

47
67.9
 1.1

55
66.8
 1.1

61
65.7
 0.7

60
65
 0.3

 Cyprus

48
67.9
 0

45
67.9
 0.3

46
67.6
 -1.4

41
69
 -2.8

 Belgium

49
67.8
 -1

40
68.8
 -1.1

35
69.9
 0.7

40
69.2
 0.2

 Malta

50
67.7
 1.2

58
66.5
 0.1

58
66.4
 -1.1

47
67.5
 0.5

 Rwanda

51
67.6
 2.8

65
64.8
 0.1

65
64.7
 0.6

63
64.1
 -0.8

 Vanuatu

52
67.4
 6.3

84
61.1
 1.6

93
59.5
 2.9

109
56.6
 0

 Jordan

53
66.7
 -2.6

38
69.3
 0.1

39
69.2
 -1.2

33
70.4
 0.5

 Panama

54
66.3
 2.2

68
64.1
 0.7

71
63.4
 0.9

71
62.5
 -2.7

 Thailand

55
66.2
 3.8

75
62.4
 -0.9

72
63.3
 -0.8

61
64.1
 -0.8

 Hungary

56
65.8
 -1.0

54
66.8
 -0.2

51
67
 -0.3

48
67.3
 0.2

 Slovakia

57
65.7
 -1.5

50
67.2
 0.8

57
66.4
 -2.3

42
68.7
 1.7

 Philippines

58
65.6
 3.4

76
62.2
 2.1

89
60.1
 1.9

97
58.2
 1.1

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

59
65.2
 -2.8

44
68
 1

52
67
 0.3

54
66.7
 0.2

 Turkey

60
65.2
 2

70
63.2
 -1.7

64
64.9
 2

69
62.9
 0.4

 Kuwait

61
65.1
 2.6

74
62.5
 0.2

76
62.3
 -0.8

66
63.1
 0.6

 Saint Lucia

62
65
 -5.2

35
70.2
 -0.5

33
70.7
 0.3

32
70.4
 -0.9

 Costa Rica

63
65
 -2.2

51
67.2
 0.3

53
66.9
 -0.1

49
67
 -1

 Saudi Arabia

64
64.4
 2.3

77
62.1
 -0.1

77
62.2
 1.6

82
60.6
 -1.9

 Albania

65
64.4
 -1.3

63
65.7
 -1.2

54
66.9
 1.7

58
65.2
 0.1

 El Salvador

66
64.1
 -1.6

62
65.7
 -0.5

59
66.2
 -0.5

53
66.7
 -2

 Dominica

67
63.7
 -2.4

61
66.1
 0.9

63
65.2
 1.3

64
63.9
 2.3

 Azerbaijan

68
63.6
 2.6

85
61
 -0.3

81
61.3
 1.6

88
59.7
 0.8

 Spain

69
63.6
 -4.0

49
67.6
 0.4

49
67.2
 -0.8

46
68
 -1.1

 Mexico

70
63.6
 -2.8

59
66.4
 -0.4

55
66.8
 -0.2

50
67
 1.7

 Fiji

71
63.4
 4.4

98
59
 0.3

99
58.7
 1.5

105
57.2
 -0.1

 France

72
63.3
 0.8

73
62.5
 -1

70
63.5
 -0.6

62
64.1
 0.9

 Tonga

73
63
 3.7

95
59.3
 1.1

104
58.2
 2.2

112
56
 -1

 Guatemala

74
63
 2.6

87
60.4
 -0.8

83
61.2
 1.2

85
60
 -0.9

 Ivory Coast

75
63.0
 4.5

103
58.5
 0.8

107
57.7
 3.6

126
54.1
 -0.2

 Dominican Republic

76
62.9
 1.9

86
61
 -0.3

80
61.3
 1.6

87
59.7
 -0.5

 Portugal

77
62.6
 -2.7

64
65.3
 1.8

69
63.5
 0.4

67
63.1
 0.1

 Namibia

78
62.5
 2.9

93
59.6
 0.2

94
59.4
 -0.9

84
60.3
 -1.6

 Italy

79
62.5
 0.8

80
61.7
 0.8

86
60.9
 0.3

83
60.6
 1.8

 Paraguay

80
62.4
 1.3

83
61.1
 -0.9

78
62
 0.9

80
61.1
 -0.7

 South Africa

81
62.3
 -0.3

72
62.6
 0.1

75
62.5
 0.7

74
61.8
 -0.9

 Oman

82
62.1
 -4.6

56
66.7
 -0.7

48
67.4
 -0.7

45
68.1
 0.2

 Montenegro

83
62
 -2.7

66
64.7
 1.1

68
63.6
 1

70
62.6
 0.1

 Indonesia

84
61.9
 3.8

105
58.1
 -0.4

100
58.5
 1.6

108
56.9
 0.5

 Seychelles

85
61.8
 4.3

114
57.5
 1.3

117
56.2
 1.3

124
54.9
 1.9

 Morocco

86
61.5
 1.4

89
60.1
 1.8

103
58.3
 -1.3

90
59.6
 -0.6

 Trinidad and Tobago

87
61.2
 -2.9

67
64.1
 1.4

73
62.7
 0.4

72
62.3
 -2.1

 Swaziland

88
61.1
 1.2

91
59.9
 -1.3

82
61.2
 4

104
57.2
 0

 Kyrgyzstan

89
61.1
 -0.2

82
61.3
 0.2

85
61.1
 1.5

89
59.6
 -0.6

 Bahamas

90
61.1
 -7.6

41
68.7
 -1.1

36
69.8
 -0.3

35
70.1
 2.1

 Uganda

91
60.9
 1.2

92
59.7
 -0.2

91
59.9
 -1.2

79
61.1
 -0.8

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

92
60.2
 1.2

97
59
 0.6

101
58.4
 1.1

103
57.3
 0

 Burkina Faso

93
59.6
 1

102
58.6
 -0.3

98
58.9
 -1

86
59.9
 -0.7

 Cambodia

94
59.5
 2

110
57.5
 0.1

108
57.4
 -1.1

95
58.5
 0.9

 Croatia

95
59.4
 -2.1

81
61.5
 1.1

87
60.4
 -0.9

78
61.3
 0.4

 Benin

96
59.2
 0.4

99
58.8
 1.7

113
57.1
 -0.5

101
57.6
 1.9

 Slovenia

97
59.2
 -1.1

88
60.3
 -2.4

74
62.7
 1

76
61.7
 -1.2

 Nicaragua

98
59.2
 1.6

108
57.6
 -0.8

102
58.4
 1.8

110
56.6
 -1.3

 Serbia

99
58.9
 -1.1

90
60
 0.6

95
59.4
 0.8

94
58.6
 0.6

 Honduras

100
58.8
 1.4

116
57.4
 0.3

112
57.1
 -1.3

96
58.4
 -0.4

 Belize

101
58.6
 1.8

117
56.8
 0.1

115
56.7
 -0.6

102
57.3
 -4.6

 Mali

102
58.6
 2.2

119
56.4
 0.9

122
55.5
 -0.9

111
56.4
 0.6

 Gabon

103
58.6
 0.3

104
58.3
 0.5

105
57.8
 0

99
57.8
 1.4

 Belarus

104
58.6
 8.8

153
49.8
 -0.3

150
50.1
 2.1

154
48
 -1

 Tanzania

105
58.6
 1.1

109
57.5
 -0.3

106
57.8
 -0.1

98
57.9
 0.9

 Guyana

106
58.5
 3

123
55.5
 -0.2

121
55.7
 1.9

129
53.8
 2.5

 Bhutan

107
58.4
 1

115
57.4
 0.7

116
56.7
 1.7

122
55
 -1.6

 Samoa

108
58.4
 -3.5

78
61.9
 0.8

84
61.1
 4

106
57.1
 -3.4

 Tajikistan

109
58.2
 5.5

140
52.7
 0.7

139
52
 -1.4

131
53.4
 0

 Moldova

110
58
 0.5

111
57.5
 0.2

110
57.3
 1.8

115
55.5
 1.1

 China

111
57.4
 4.7

139
52.7
 0.2

137
52.5
 0.6

136
51.9
 0.7

 Sri Lanka

112
57.4
 -1.2

101
58.6
 -1.4

90
60
 -0.7

81
60.7
 2.4

 Madagascar

113
57.4
 -4.3

79
61.7
 0

79
61.7
 -0.3

73
62
 -0.4

 Russia

114
57.1
 5

143
52.1
 0.2

140
51.9
 0.8

139
51.1
 0.6

 Nigeria

115
57.1
 1.5

120
55.6
 1.3

129
54.3
 -0.8

120
55.1
 -1.2

 Cape Verde

116
56.9
 -9.5

60
66.4
 0.3

60
66.1
 2.4

65
63.7
 0.2

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

117
56.4
 13.7

170
42.7
 -1

169
43.7
 0.2

167
43.5
 -0.3

 Ghana

118
56.2
 -6.8

71
63
 -1.2

66
64.2
 2.9

77
61.3
 0.6

 Guinea-Bissau

119
56.1
 4.1

145
52
 0.7

143
51.3
 0.2

138
51.1
 1

 Senegal

120
55.9
 -1.9

106
57.8
 2.4

125
55.4
 -0.1

116
55.5
 0.1

 Comoros

121
55.8
 3.7

142
52.1
 0.7

142
51.4
 3.9

157
47.5
 1.8

 Zambia

122
55.8
 -2.9

100
58.7
 -1.7

88
60.4
 1.7

93
58.7
 0.4

 Tunisia

123
55.7
 -2.0

107
57.7
 0.4

109
57.3
 0.3

107
57
 -1.6

 São Tomé and Príncipe

124
55.4
 2.1

136
53.3
 4.5

157
48.8
 0.8

153
48
 -2.2

   Nepal

125
55.1
 3.8

152
51.3
 1.2

149
50.1
 -0.3

141
50.4
 0.2

 Solomon Islands

126
55
 8

159
47
 0.8

165
46.2
 1.2

165
45
 -1.2

 Greece

127
55
 1

130
54
 -1.7

119
55.7
 0.3

117
55.4
 0

 Bangladesh

128
55
 1.1

131
53.9
 -0.2

131
54.1
 1.5

132
52.6
 -0.6

 Mongolia

129
54.8
 -4.4

96
59.2
 0.3

97
58.9
 -2.8

75
61.7
 0.2

 Barbados

130
54.5
 -13.4

46
67.9
 -0.4

45
68.3
 -1

39
69.3
 0.3

 Mauritania

131
54.4
 1.1

135
53.3
 0.1

134
53.2
 0.9

134
52.3
 -0.7

 Federated States of Micronesia

132
54.1
 4.5

154
49.6
 -0.2

153
49.8
 -0.3

143
50.1
 -0.6

 Laos

133
54
 2.6

150
51.4
 0.2

144
51.2
 1.1

144
50.1
 0.1

 Lesotho

134
53.9
 4.3

155
49.6
 0.1

154
49.5
 2.4

155
47.9
 1.3

 Kenya

135
53.5
 -2.1

122
55.6
 -1.5

111
57.1
 1.2

114
55.9
 -1.6

 Gambia

136
53.4
 -4.1

113
57.5
 -2

92
59.5
 0.7

92
58.8
 0

 Lebanon

137
53.3
 -6.0

94
59.3
 -0.1

96
59.4
 -0.1

91
59.5
 -0.6

 Togo

138
53.2
 0.2

138
53
 3.1

152
49.9
 1.1

150
48.8
 0.5

 Burundi

139
53.2
 -0.5

132
53.7
 2.3

141
51.4
 2.4

148
49
 0.9

 Brazil

140
52.9
 -3.7

118
56.6
 -0.3

114
56.9
 -0.8

100
57.7
 -0.2

 Pakistan

141
52.8
 -2.8

121
55.6
 0.4

126
55.2
 0.1

121
55.1
 0.4

 Ethiopia

142
52.7
 1.2

149
51.5
 1.5

151
50
 0.6

146
49.4
 -2.6

 India

143
52.6
 -2

128
54.6
 -1.1

120
55.7
 0.5

119
55.2
 0.6

 Egypt

144
52.6
 -2.6

124
55.2
 2.3

135
52.9
 -1.9

125
54.8
 -3.1

 Sierra Leone

145
52.6
 0.9

147
51.7
 1.2

148
50.5
 2.2

151
48.3
 -0.8

 Myanmar

146
52.5
 5.6

161
46.9
 0.4

162
46.5
 7.3

172
39.2
 0.5

 Vietnam

147
52.4
 0.7

148
51.7
 0.9

147
50.8
 -0.2

140
51
 -0.3

 Uzbekistan

148
52.3
 5.3

160
47
 0.5

163
46.5
 0.5

162
46
 0.2

 Malawi

149
52.9
 -1.9

126
54.8
 -0.6

124
55.4
 0.1

118
55.3
 -1.1

 Cameroon

150
51.8
 -0.1

146
51.9
 -0.7

136
52.6
 0.3

133
52.3
 0.5

 Central African Republic

151
51.8
 5.9

166
45.9
 -0.8

161
46.7
 -3.7

142
50.4
 0.1

 Papua New Guinea

152
50.9
 -2.2

137
53.1
 -0.8

132
53.9
 0.3

130
53.6
 -0.2

 Kiribati

153
50.9
 4.5

164
46.4
 0.1

164
46.3
 0.4

163
45.9
 -1

 Niger

154
50.8
 -3.8

127
54.6
 -0.5

127
55.1
 1.2

128
53.9
 -0.4

 Iran

155
50.5
 8.7

171
41.8
 1.5

173
40.3
 -2.9

168
43.2
 0.9

 Argentina

156
50.4
 6.3

169
44.1
 -0.5

166
44.6
 -2.1

160
46.7
 -1.3

 Maldives

157
50.3
 -3.1

134
53.4
 2.4

145
51
 2

149
49
 -0.2

 Mozambique

158
49.9
 -4.9

125
54.8
 -0.2

128
55
 0

123
55
 -2.1

 Haiti

159
49.6
 -1.7

151
51.3
 2.4

156
48.9
 0.8

152
48.1
 -2.6

 Ecuador

160
49.3
 0.1

156
49.2
 1.2

159
48
 1.1

159
46.9
 -1.4

 Liberia

161
49.1
 -3.6

141
52.7
 0.3

138
52.4
 3.1

147
49.3
 0.7

 Chad

162
49
 3.1

165
45.9
 1.4

167
44.5
 -0.7

164
45.2
 0.4

 Afghanistan

163
48.9

 Angola

165
48.5
 0.6

158
47.9
 0.2

160
47.7
 0.4

158
47.3
 0.6

 Ukraine

166
48.1
 1.2

162
46.9
 -2.4

155
49.3
 3

161
46.3
 0.2

 Suriname

167
48
 -6.2

129
54.2
 0

130
54.2
 2.2

135
52
 -0.6

 Bolivia

168
47.7
 0.9

163
46.8
 -1.6

158
48.4
 0.5

156
47.9
 -2.3

 Guinea

169
47.6
 -4.5

144
52.1
 -1.4

133
53.5
 2.3

137
51.2
 0.4

 Turkmenistan

170
47.4
 6

172
41.4
 -0.8

171
42.2
 -0.4

169
42.6
 -1.2

 Djibouti

171
46.7
 -10.8

112
57.5
 1.6

118
55.9
 2

127
53.9
 0

 Algeria

172
46.5
 -2.4

157
48.9
 -1.9

146
50.8
 1.2

145
49.6
 -1.4

 Timor-Leste

173
46.3
 0.8

167
45.5
 2.3

170
43.2
 -0.5

166
43.7
 0.4

 Equatorial Guinea

174
45
 4.6

173
40.4
 -4

168
44.4
 2.1

170
42.3
 -0.5

 Zimbabwe

175
44
 6.4

175
37.6
 2.1

176
35.5
 6.9

175
28.6
 2.3

 Eritrea

176
42.2
 3.3

174
38.9
 0.4

174
38.5
 2.2

173
36.3
 0.1

 Republic of the Congo

177
40
 -5

168
45
 4.4

172
40.6
 1

171
39.6
 -1.5

 Cuba

178
33.9
 4.3

177
29.6
 0.9

177
28.7
 0.2

176
28.5
 0.2

 Venezuela

179
27
 -7.3

176
34.3
 -2

175
36.3
 0.2

174
36.1
 -2

 North Korea

180
4.9
 3.6

178
1.3
 0.3

178
1
 -0.5

177
1.5
 0.5

 Yemen

133
53.7
 -1.8

123
55.5
 -0.4

113
55.9
 0.6

text: Method (old)[edit]

text: The Index's 2008 definition of economic freedom is "the highest form of economic freedom provides an absolute right of property ownership, fully realized freedoms of movement for labor, capital, and goods, and an absolute absence of coercion or constraint of economic liberty beyond the extent necessary for citizens to protect and maintain liberty itself."[30]

text: The index scores nations on ten factors of economic freedom, separated into four categories, using statistics from organizations like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, Economist Intelligence Unit and Transparency International. In each factor, countries are scored 0 to 100, with 0 being the least free and 100 the most free. A score of 100 signifies an economic environment or set of policies that is most conducive to economic freedom.[30] The methodology has shifted and changed as new data and measurements have become available, especially in the area of Labor Freedom, which was given its own indicator spot in 2007.[2] The following list explains what each factor currently assesses and groups them according to their respective category:

text:
Property Rights: Degree of a country's legal protection of private property rights, degree of enforcement of those laws, independence of and corruption within the judiciary, and likelihood of expropriation.
Freedom from Corruption: The non-prevalence of political corruption within a country, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index.

text:
Fiscal Freedom: How free is a country from tax burden. It comprises three quantitative measures: top marginal tax rate of both individual (1) and corporate (2) income, and total tax burden as a percentage of GDP (3).
Government Size/Spending: Governments' expenditures as a percentage of GDP, including consumption and transfers. The higher the percentual spending, the lower the score.

text:
Business Freedom: A country's freedom from the burden of regulations on starting, operating, and closing business, given factors such as time, cost and number of procedures, as well as the efficiency of government in the regulatory process.
Labor Freedom: How free is a country from legal regulation on the labor market, including those relating to minimum wages, hiring and firing, hours of work and severance requirements.
Monetary Freedom: How free from microeconomic intervention and price instability is a country, basing on an equation considering the weighted average inflation rate in the last three years and price controls.

text:
Trade Freedom: Freedom from sizeable numbers and burdens of tariffs and non-tariff barriers to imports and exports of a country.
Investment Freedom: Freedom from restrictions on the movement and use of investment capital, regardless of activity, within and across the country's borders.
Financial Freedom:  A country's independence from government control and interference in the financial sector, including banks. It considers government ownership of financial firms, extent of financial and capital market development, government influence on the allocation of credit and openness to foreign competition.

text: Historical positions (1995–2008)[edit]

text:
Country/Region

2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995

 Hong Kong[a]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

 Ireland
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
10
11
11
13
27
20

 Australia
4
4
7
9
8
10
11
8
5
5
7
9
10
8

 United States
5
6
5
5
7
7
8
6
8
7
8
8
5
4

 New Zealand
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3

 Canada
7
10
10
12
12
13
14
21
20
25
27
26
20
18

 Chile
8
8
8
8
11
12
9
12
12
12
9
7
13
14

  Switzerland
9
9
9
6
5
6
6
10
6
4
4
4
4

 United Kingdom
10
7
6
7
9
9
7
7
4
6
5
5
7
3

 Denmark
11
12
13
13
17
20
23
33
33
32
34
30
31

 Estonia
12
11
15
14
10
8
10
9
24
13
15
24
38
26

 Netherlands
13
15
16
18
14
14
14
16
21
57
24
20
23

 Iceland
14
13
11
10
19
16
19
15
15
19
18
19

 Luxembourg
15
14
12
11
6
5
5
5
7
15
13
12
15

 Finland
16
16
17
21
16
15
16
27
50
54
55
39
47

 Japan
17
18
18
36
50
34
39
23
19
27
21
21
14
6

 Mauritius
18
32
35
35
51
52
33
45
36
20

 Bahrain
19
24
23
22
13
11
12
11
11
8
6
6
6
5

 Belgium
20
17
24
30
30
33
34
57
55
60
48
44
36

 Barbados
21
27
20
24
28
23
17
20
27
37
33
46
53

 Cyprus
22
20
21
20
15
19
20
22
35
33
29
27
30

 Germany
23
22
25
28
27
26
25
29
43
40
52
29
25
17

 The Bahamas
24
19
19
15
20
17
15
14
16
10
10
10
11
11

 Taiwan
25
25
29
19
26
21
22
18
17
18
20
22
9
7

 Lithuania
26
21
22
23
18
27
43
53
67
67
74
78
104

 Sweden
27
33
27
27
24
24
24
43
47
51
53
53
55
41

 Armenia
28
30
14
25
23
37
32
46
62
96
117
123
125

 Trinidad and Tobago
29
23
26
17
21
29
26
19
13
16
17
16
24

 Austria
30
26
30
34
32
35
36
37
31
53
43
40
26
16

 Spain
31
28
32
31
29
28
29
36
41
45
62
68
65
34

 Georgia
32
31
54
93
78
84
104
87
107
114
122
125
123

 El Salvador
33
29
28
16
22
22
21
17
9
9
22
18
21
19

 Norway
34
37
34
45
42
39
37
41
22
29
31
41
39

 Slovakia
35
36
33
42
48
77
76
85
108
105
85
85
75
46

 Botswana
36
35
31
26
25
30
42
42
42
59
60
72
56
57

 Czech Republic
37
39
40
47
35
36
40
26
30
23
28
54
29
23

 Latvia
38
38
37
39
33
44
52
44
57
50
56
57
86

 Kuwait
39
41
41
48
55
43
46
35
25
24
38
42
35

 Uruguay
40
34
43
33
37
25
30
24
28
30
26
31
46
37

text: Jump up ^ Special administrative region (SAR) of China since 1997