document_title: Kingdom of England

question_text: who was the first leader of unified england

text: Kingdom of England

text: Name[edit]

text: The Anglo-Saxons referred to themselves as the Engle or the Angelcynn, originally names of the Angles. They called their land Engla land, meaning "land of the English", by Æthelweard Latinized Anglia, from an original Anglia vetus, the purported homeland of the Angles (called Angulus by Bede).[4] The name Engla land became England by haplology during the Middle English period (Engle-land, Engelond).[5] The Latin name was Anglia or Anglorum terra, the Old French and Anglo-Norman one Angleterre.[6] By the 14th century, England was also used in reference to the entire island of Great Britain.

text: The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was Rex Anglorum ("King of the English"). Canute the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard, with occasional use of Rex Anglie ("King of England"). From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie. In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) King of Great Britain. The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707.

text: History[edit]

text: Anglo-Saxon England[edit]

text: The kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general. The English lands were unified in the 10th century in a reconquest completed by King Æthelstan in 927 CE.

text: During the Heptarchy, the most powerful king among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms might become acknowledged as Bretwalda, a high king over the other kings. The decline of Mercia allowed Wessex to become more powerful. It absorbed the kingdoms of Kent and Sussex in 825. The kings of Wessex became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during the 9th century. In 827, Northumbria submitted to Egbert of Wessex at Dore, briefly making Egbert the first king to reign over a united England.

text: In 886, Alfred the Great retook London, which he apparently regarded as a turning point in his reign. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says that "all of the English people (all Angelcyn) not subject to the Danes submitted themselves to King Alfred."[7] Asser added that "Alfred, king of the Anglo-Saxons, restored the city of London splendidly ... and made it habitable once more."[8] Alfred's "restoration" entailed reoccupying and refurbishing the nearly deserted Roman walled city, building quays along the Thames, and laying a new city street plan.[9] It is probably at this point that Alfred assumed the new royal style 'King of the Anglo-Saxons.'

text: During the following years Northumbria repeatedly changed hands between the English kings and the Norwegian invaders, but was definitively brought under English control by Eadred in 954, completing the unification of England. At about this time, Lothian, the northern part of Northumbria (Roman Bernicia), was ceded to the Kingdom of Scotland. On 12 July 927 the monarchs of Britain gathered at Eamont in Cumbria to recognise Æthelstan as king of the English. This can be considered England's 'foundation date', although the process of unification had taken almost 100 years.

text: England has remained in political unity ever since. During the reign of Æthelred the Unready (978–1016), a new wave of Danish invasions was orchestrated by Sweyn I of Denmark, culminating after a quarter-century of warfare in the Danish conquest of England in 1013. But Sweyn died on 2 February 1014, and Æthelred was restored to the throne. In 1015, Sweyn's son Cnut the Great (commonly known as Canute) launched a new invasion. The ensuing war ended with an agreement in 1016 between Canute and Æthelred's successor, Edmund Ironside, to divide England between them, but Edmund's death on 30 November of that year left England united under Danish rule. This continued for 26 years until the death of Harthacnut in June 1042. He was the son of Canute and Emma of Normandy (the widow of Æthelred the Unready) and had no heirs of his own; he was succeeded by his half-brother, Æthelred's son, Edward the Confessor. The Kingdom of England was once again independent.

text: Norman conquest[edit]

text: The peace lasted until the death of the childless Edward in January 1066. His brother-in-law was crowned King Harold, but his cousin William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, immediately claimed the throne for himself. William launched an invasion of England and landed in Sussex on 28 September 1066. Harold and his army were in York following their victory against the Norwegians at the Battle of Stamford Bridge (25 September 1066) when the news reached him. He decided to set out without delay and confront the Norman army in Sussex so marched southwards at once, despite the army not being properly rested following the battle with the Norwegians. The armies of Harold and William faced each other at the Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066), in which the English army, or Fyrd, was defeated, Harold and his two brothers were slain, and William emerged as victor. William was then able to conquer England with little further opposition. He was not, however, planning to absorb the Kingdom into the Duchy of Normandy. As a mere duke, William owed allegiance to Philip I of France, whereas in the independent Kingdom of England he could rule without interference. He was crowned on 25 December 1066 in Westminster Abbey, London.

text: High Middle Ages[edit]

text: In 1092, William II led an invasion of Strathclyde, a Celtic kingdom in what is now southwest Scotland and Cumbria. In doing so, he annexed what is now the county of Cumbria to England. In 1124, Henry I ceded what is now southeast Scotland (called Lothian) to the Kingdom of Scotland, in return for the King of Scotland's loyalty. This final cession established what would become the traditional borders of England which have remained largely unchanged since then (except for occasional and temporary changes). This area of land had previously been a part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria. Lothian contained what later became the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. This arrangement was later finalised in 1237 by the Treaty of York.

text: The Duchy of Aquitaine came into personal union with the Kingdom of England upon the accession of Henry II, who had married Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine. The Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy remained in personal union until John Lackland, Henry II's son and fifth-generation descendant of William I, lost the continental possessions of the Duchy to Philip II of France in 1204. A few remnants of Normandy, including the Channel Islands, remained in John's possession, together with most of the Duchy of Aquitaine.

text: Up until the Norman conquest of England, Wales had remained for the most part independent of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, although some Welsh kings did sometimes acknowledge the Bretwalda. Soon after the Norman conquest of England, however, some Norman lords began to attack Wales. They conquered and ruled parts of it, acknowledging the overlordship of the Norman kings of England but with considerable local independence. Over many years these "Marcher Lords" conquered more and more of Wales, against considerable resistance led by various Welsh princes, who also often acknowledged the overlordship of the Norman kings of England.

text: Edward I defeated Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, and so effectively conquered Wales, in 1282. He created the title Prince of Wales for his heir, the future Edward II, in 1301. Edward I's conquest was brutal and the subsequent repression considerable, as the magnificent Welsh castles such as Conwy, Harlech, and Caernarfon attest; but this event re-united under a single ruler the lands of Roman Britain for the first time since the establishment of the Kingdom of the Jutes in Kent in the 5th century, some 700 years before. Accordingly, this was a highly significant moment in the history of medieval England, as it re-established links with the pre-Saxon past. These links were exploited for political purposes to unite the peoples of the kingdom, including the Anglo-Normans, by popularising Welsh legends.

text: The Welsh language—derived from the British language, with significant Latin influences—continued to be spoken by the majority of the population of Wales for at least another 500 years, and is still a majority language in parts of the country.

text: Late Middle Ages[edit]

text: Edward III was the first English king to have a claim to the throne of France. His pursuit of the claim resulted in the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), which pitted five kings of England of the House of Plantagenet against five kings of France of the Capetian House of Valois. Though the English won numerous victories, they were unable to overcome the numerical superiority of the French and their strategic use of gunpowder weapons. England was defeated at the Battle of Formigny in 1450 and finally at the Battle of Castillon in 1453, retaining only a single town in France, Calais.

text: During the Hundred Years' War an English identity began to develop in place of the previous division between the Norman lords and their Anglo-Saxon subjects. This was a consequence of sustained hostility to the increasingly nationalist French, whose kings and other leaders (notably the charismatic Joan of Arc) used a developing sense of French identity to help draw people to their cause. The Anglo-Normans became separate from their cousins who held lands mainly in France and mocked the former for their archaic and bastardised spoken French. English also became the language of the law courts during this period.

text: The kingdom had little time to recover before entering the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), a series of civil wars over possession of the throne between the House of Lancaster (whose heraldic symbol was the red rose) and the House of York (whose symbol was the white rose), each led by different branches of the descendants of Edward III. The end of these wars found the throne held by the descendant of an initially illegitimate member of the House of Lancaster, married to the eldest daughter of the House of York: Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. They were the founders of the Tudor dynasty, which ruled the kingdom from 1485 to 1603.

text: Tudor period[edit]

text: Wales had retained a separate legal and administrative system, which had been established by Edward I in the late 13th century. The country was divided between the Marcher Lords, who gave feudal allegiance to the crown, and the Principality of Wales. Under the Tudor monarchy, Henry VIII replaced the laws of Wales with those of England (under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542). Wales now was incorporated into the Kingdom of England, and henceforth was represented in the Parliament of England.

text: During the 1530s, Henry VIII overthrew the power of the Roman Catholic Church within the kingdom, replacing the pope as head of the English Church and seizing the Church's lands, thereby facilitating the creation of a variation of Catholicism that became more Protestant over time. This had the effect of aligning England with Scotland, which also gradually adopted a Protestant religion, whereas the most important continental powers, France and Spain, remained Roman Catholic.

text: In 1541, during Henry VIII's reign, the Parliament of Ireland proclaimed him king of Ireland, thereby bringing the Kingdom of Ireland into personal union with the Kingdom of England.

text: Calais, the last remaining continental possession of the Kingdom, was lost in 1558, during the reign of Philip and Mary I. Their successor, Elizabeth I, consolidated the new and increasingly Protestant Church of England. She also began to build up the kingdom's naval strength, on the foundations Henry VIII had laid down. By 1588, her new navy was strong enough to defeat the Spanish Armada, which had sought to invade England to put a Catholic monarch on the throne in her place.

text: Early Modern history[edit]

text: The House of Tudor ended with the death of Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603. James I ascended the throne of England and brought it into personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland. Despite the Union of the Crowns, the kingdoms remained separate and independent states: a state of affairs which lasted for more than a century.

text: Civil War and Interregnum[edit]

text: The Stuart kings overestimated the power of the English monarchy, and were cast down by Parliament in 1645 and 1688. In the first instance, Charles I's introduction of new forms of taxation in defiance of Parliament led to the English Civil War (1641–45), in which the king was defeated, and to the abolition of the monarchy under Oliver Cromwell during the interregnum of 1649–1660. Henceforth, the monarch could reign only at the will of Parliament.

text: After the trial and execution of Charles I in January 1649, the Rump Parliament passed an act declaring England to be a Commonwealth on 19 May 1649. The monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished, and so the House of Commons became a unitary legislative chamber with a new body, the Council of State becoming the executive. However the Army remain the dominant institution in the new republic and the most prominent general was Oliver Cromwell. The Commonwealth fought wars in Ireland and Scotland which were subdued and placed under Commonwealth military occupation.

text: In April 1653 Cromwell and the other Grandees of the New Model Army, frustrated with the members of the Rump Parliament who would not pass legislation to dissolve the Rump and to allow a new more representative parliament to be elected, stopped the Rumps session by force of arms and declared the Rump dissolved.

text: After an experiment with a Nominated Assembly (Barebone's Parliament), the Grandees in the Army, through the Council of State imposed a new constitutional arrangement under a written constitution called the Instrument of Government. Under the Instrument of Government executive power lay with a Lord Protector (an office be held for life of the incumbent) and there were to be triennial Parliaments, with each sitting for at least five months. Article 23 of the Instrument of Government stated that Oliver Cromwell was to be the first Lord Protector. The Instrument of Government was replaced by a second constitution (the Humble Petition and Advice) under which the Lord Protector could nominate his successor. Cromwell nominated his son Richard who became Lord Protector on the death of Oliver on 3 September 1658.

text: Restoration and Glorious Revolution[edit]

text: Richard proved to ineffectual and unable to maintain his rule. He resigned his title and retired into obscurity. The Rump Parliament was recalled and there was a second period where the executive power lay with the Council of state. But this restoration of Commonwealth rule similar to that before the Protectorate, proved to be unstable, and the exiled claimant, Charles II, was restored to the throne in 1660.

text: Following the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, an attempt by James II to reintroduce Roman Catholicism—a century after its suppression by the Tudors—led to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, in which he was deposed by Parliament. The Crown was then offered by Parliament to James II's Protestant daughter and son-in-law/nephew, William III and Mary II.

text: Union with Scotland[edit]

text: In the Scottish case, the attractions were partly financial and partly to do with removing English trade sanctions put in place through the Alien Act 1705. The English were more anxious about the royal succession. The death of William III in 1702 had led to the accession of his sister-in-law Anne to the thrones of England and Scotland, but her only surviving child had died in 1700, and the English Act of Settlement 1701 had given the succession to the English crown to the Protestant House of Hanover. Securing the same succession in Scotland became the primary object of English strategic thinking towards Scotland. By 1704, the Union of the Crowns was in crisis, with the Scottish Act of Security allowing for the Scottish Parliament to choose a different monarch, which could in turn lead to an independent foreign policy during a major European war. The English establishment did not wish to risk a Stuart on the Scottish throne, nor the possibility of a Scottish military alliance with another power.

text: A Treaty of Union was agreed on 22 July 1706, and following the Acts of Union of 1707, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain, the independence of the kingdoms of England and Scotland came to an end on 1 May 1707. The Acts of Union created a customs union and monetary union and provided that any "laws and statutes" that were "contrary to or inconsistent with the terms" of the Acts would "cease and become void".

text: The English and Scottish Parliaments were merged into the Parliament of Great Britain, located in Westminster, London. At this point England ceased to exist as a separate political entity, and since then has had no national government. The laws of England were unaffected, with the legal jurisdiction continuing to be that of England and Wales, while Scotland continued to have its own laws and law courts. This continued after the 1801 union between the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

text: Territorial divisions[edit]

text: The counties of England were established for administration by the Normans, in most cases based on earlier shires established by the Anglo-Saxons. They ceased to be used for administration only with the creation of the administrative counties in 1889.[10][11]

text: Unlike the partly self-governing boroughs that covered urban areas, the counties of medieval England existed primarily as a means of enforcing central government power, enabling monarchs to exercise control over local areas through their chosen representatives – originally Sheriffs and later the Lord Lieutenants – and their subordinate Justices of the Peace.[12] Counties were used initially for the administration of justice, collection of taxes and organisation of the military, and later for local government and electing parliamentary representation.[13][14]

text: Although all of England was divided into shires by the time of the Norman conquest, some counties were formed considerably later, up to the 16th century. Because of their differing origins the counties varied considerably in size. The county boundaries were fairly static between the 16th century Laws in Wales acts and the Local Government Act 1888.[15] Each shire was responsible for gathering taxes for the central government; for local defence; and for justice, through assize courts.[16]

text: The power of the feudal barons to control their landholding was considerably weakened in 1290 by the statute of Quia Emptores. Feudal baronies became perhaps obsolete (but not extinct) on the abolition of feudal tenure during the Civil War, as confirmed by the Tenures Abolition Act 1660 passed under the Restoration which took away Knights service and other legal rights. Tenure by knight-service was abolished and discharged and the lands covered by such tenures, including once-feudal baronies, were henceforth held by socage (i.e. in exchange for monetary rents). The English Fitzwalter Case in 1670 ruled that barony by tenure had been discontinued for many years and any claims to a peerage on such basis, meaning a right to sit in the House of Lords, were not to be revived, nor any right of succession based on them.

text: The Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 followed the conquest of Wales by Edward I of England. It assumed the lands held by the Princes of Gwynedd under the title "Prince of Wales" as legally part of the lands of England, and established shire counties on the English model over those areas. The Marcher Lords were progressively tied to the English kings by the grants of lands and lordships in England. The Council of Wales and the Marches, administered from Ludlow Castle, was initially established in 1472 by Edward IV of England to govern the lands held under the Principality of Wales.[17] Under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 introduced under Henry VIII, the jurisdiction of the marcher lords was abolished in 1536. The Acts had the effect of annexing Wales to England and creating a single state and legal jurisdiction, commonly referred to as England and Wales.


document_title: List of footballers with a Premier League winner's medal

question_text: what player has the most premier league titles

root

text: Number of winners by season; clubs, managers and captains[edit]

text: This table details the chronology of the Premier League winners, the respective captains of the sides, and the number of medals awarded to team players in that season.

tag: p

text:
Year
Club
Manager
Captain
Number of medals[4]

19921992–93
Manchester United
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson
 Robson, BryanBryan Robson[5]
17

19931993–94
Manchester United (2)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (2)
 Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce[6]
14

19941994–95
Blackburn Rovers
 Dalglish, KennyKenny Dalglish
 Sherwood, TimTim Sherwood
15[7]

19951995–96
Manchester United (3)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (3)
 Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce (2)
16

19961996–97
Manchester United (4)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (4)
 Cantona, EricEric Cantona
17

19971997–98
Arsenal
 Wenger, ArsèneArsène Wenger
 Adams, TonyTony Adams
20

19981998–99
Manchester United (5)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (5)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane
18

19991999–00
Manchester United (6)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (6)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane (2)
17

20002000–01
Manchester United (7)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (7)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane (3)
20

20012001–02
Arsenal (2)
 Wenger, ArsèneArsène Wenger (2)
 Adams, TonyTony Adams (2)
22

20022002–03
Manchester United (8)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (8)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane (4)
18

20032003–04
Arsenal (3)
 Wenger, ArsèneArsène Wenger (3)
 Vieira, PatrickPatrick Vieira
20

20042004–05
Chelsea
 Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry
20

20052005–06
Chelsea (2)
 Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho (2)
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (2)
18

20062006–07
Manchester United (9)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (9)
 Neville, GaryGary Neville
22

20072007–08
Manchester United (10)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (10)
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs[8]
20[9]

20082008–09
Manchester United (11)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (11)
 Neville, GaryGary Neville (2)
19

20092009–10
Chelsea (3)
 Ancelotti, CarloCarlo Ancelotti
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (3)
20

20102010–11
Manchester United (12)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (12)
 Vidic, NemanjaNemanja Vidić
23

20112011–12
Manchester City
 Mancini, RobertoRoberto Mancini
 Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany
20

20122012–13
Manchester United (13)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (13)
 Vidic, NemanjaNemanja Vidić (2)
24

20132013–14
Manchester City (2)
 Pellegrini, ManuelManuel Pellegrini
 Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany (2)
21

20142014–15
Chelsea (4)
 Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho (3)
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (4)
19

20152015–16
Leicester City
 Ranieri, ClaudioClaudio Ranieri
 Morgan, WesWes Morgan
20

20162016–17
Chelsea (5)
 Conte, AntonioAntonio Conte
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (5)
21

tag: table

text: Representation of nationalities[edit]

text: There have been 223 different players to receive a Premier League medal, from 46 different countries (in 2011–12, 68 countries in total were represented)[10][11] Of these 46 countries, 19 have yielded only one medal winner.[12]

text:
Nationality
Number
First winner
Year

Algeria
1
Riyad Mahrez
15–16

Argentina
8
Juan Sebastián Verón
02–03

Australia
3
Robbie Slater
94–95

Austria
2
Alex Manninger
97–98

Belgium
5
Vincent Kompany
11–12

Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Edin Džeko
11–12

Brazil
13
Edu
01–02

Bulgaria
1
Dimitar Berbatov
08–09

Cameroon
2
Lauren
01–02

Colombia
1
Juan Cuadrado
14–15

Czech Republic
3
Karel Poborský
96–97

Ivory Coast
4
Kolo Touré
03–04

Denmark
3
Peter Schmeichel
92–93

Ecuador
2
Antonio Valencia
10–11

England
81
Steve Bruce, Dion Dublin, Paul Ince, Gary Pallister, Paul Parker, Mike Phelan, Bryan Robson, Lee Sharpe
92–93

France
24
Eric Cantona
92–93

Germany
4
Jens Lehmann
03–04

Ghana
3
Michael Essien
05–06

Iceland
1
Eiður Guðjohnsen
04–05

Italy
1
Mario Balotelli
11–12

Ireland
5
Denis Irwin
92–93

Jamaica
1
Wes Morgan
15–16

Japan
2
Shinji Kagawa
12–13

Latvia
1
Igors Stepanovs
01–02

Liberia
1
Christopher Wreh
97–98

Mexico
1
Javier Hernández
10–11

Montenegro
1
Stefan Savić
11–12

Netherlands
12
Jordi Cruyff
96–97

Nigeria
3
Nwankwo Kanu
01–02

Northern Ireland
2
Roy Carroll
02–03

Norway
3
Henning Berg
94–95

Poland
1
Tomasz Kuszczak
06–07

Portugal
7
Luís Boa Morte
97–98

Romania
1
Costel Pantilimon
13–14

Russia
3
Andrei Kanchelskis
92–93

Scotland
4
Darren Ferguson, Brian McClair
92–93

Serbia
6
Mateja Kežman
04–05

South Africa
1
Quinton Fortune
02–03

South Korea
1
Park Ji-sung
06–07

Spain
13
José Antonio Reyes
03–04

Sweden
3
Jesper Blomqvist
98–99

Switzerland
1
Gökhan Inler
15–16

Trinidad and Tobago
1
Dwight Yorke
98–99

Ukraine
1
Oleh Luzhny
01–02

Uruguay
1
Diego Forlán
02–03

Wales
4
Clayton Blackmore, Ryan Giggs, Mark Hughes
92–93

text: Full list of players with a Premier League medal[edit]

text:
Player
No.
Nat.
Pos.
Club(s)
Seasons
Notes

Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
13

08LW
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13
Highest number of medals for a single player

Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
11

06CM
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Neville, GaryGary Neville
8

02RB
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 08–09

Irwin, DenisDenis Irwin
7

03LB
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01

Keane, RoyRoy Keane
7

04DM
Manchester United
199393–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Beckham, DavidDavid Beckham
6

07RW
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Butt, NickyNicky Butt
6

06CM
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Neville, PhilPhil Neville
6

02FB
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Solskjaer, Ole GunnarOle Gunnar Solskjær
6

10CF
Manchester United
199696–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07

Ferdinand, RioRio Ferdinand
6

04CB
Manchester United
200202–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Schmeichel, PeterPeter Schmeichel
5

01GK
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99
More winners medals than any other goalkeeper

Cole, AndrewAndrew Cole
5

10CF
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01

Brown, WesWes Brown
5

04CB
Manchester United
199898–99, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 07–08

Oshea, JohnJohn O'Shea
5

04D/DM
Manchester United
200202–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11

Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
5

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Evra, PatricePatrice Evra
5
[13]
03LB/LW
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Vidic, NemanjaNemanja Vidić
5

04CB
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Fletcher, DarrenDarren Fletcher
5

06M
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Carrick, MichaelMichael Carrick
5

06M
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Terry, JohnJohn Terry
5

04CB
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15, 16–17
Most as captain: 04–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15, 16–17

Cantona, EricEric Cantona
4

10CF
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97

McClair, BrianBrian McClair
4

06CM
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97

Pallister, GaryGary Pallister
4

04CB
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97

Silvestre, MikaelMikaël Silvestre
4

03LB/CB
Manchester United
199999–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07

Sar, Edwin van derEdwin van der Sar
4

01GK
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11
Oldest: 40 years, 205 days

Park Ji-sung
4

09AM
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11

Anderson
4

06M
Manchester United
200707–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Nani
4
[14]
07W
Manchester United
200707–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
4

10CF
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15

Cech, PetrPetr Čech
4

01GK
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
3

07RW
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09

Bergkamp, DennisDennis Bergkamp
3

10CF
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Keown, MartinMartin Keown
3

04CB
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Parlour, RayRay Parlour
3

07RW
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Vieira, PatrickPatrick Vieira
3
[13]
05DM
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Cole, AshleyAshley Cole
3

03LB
Arsenal,
Chelsea
200101–02, 03–04, 09–10

Berg, HenningHenning Berg
3

04CB/RB
Blackburn Rovers,
Manchester United
199494–95, 98–99, 99–00
First player to win with two different clubs

Carvalho, RicardoRicardo Carvalho
3

04CB
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Cole, JoeJoe Cole
3

06CM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Ferreira, PauloPaulo Ferreira
3

04D
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
3

06CM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce
3

04CB
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96

Sharpe, LeeLee Sharpe
3

08LW
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96

Johnsen, RonnyRonny Johnsen
3

05CB/DM
Manchester United
199696–97, 98–99, 00–01

Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
3

10CF
Manchester United
199898–99, 99–00, 00–01

Stam, JaapJaap Stam
3

04CB
Manchester United
199898–99, 99–00, 00–01

Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
3

10CF
Manchester United
199898–99, 99–00, 00–01

Kuszczak, TomaszTomasz Kuszczak
3

01GK
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 10–11
Special dispensation (three times)[9]

Tevez, CarlosCarlos Tevez
3

10CF
Manchester United,
Manchester City
200707–08, 08–09, 11–12

Evans, JonnyJonny Evans
3

04CB
Manchester United
200908–09, 10–11, 12–13

Clichy, GaelGaël Clichy
3

03LB
Arsenal,
Manchester City
200303–04, 11–12, 13–14
Youngest: 18 years, 294 days

Rafael
3

02RB
Manchester United
200908–09, 10–11, 12–13

Huth, RobertRobert Huth
3

04CB
Chelsea,
Leicester City
200404–05, 05–06, 15–16

Ivanovic, BranislavBranislav Ivanović
3

02RB
Chelsea
200909–10, 14–15, 16–17

Adams, TonyTony Adams
2

04CB
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
2

10CF
Arsenal,
Chelsea
199797–98, 09–10

Seaman, DavidDavid Seaman
2

01GK
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Dixon, LeeLee Dixon
2

02RB
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Grimandi, GillesGilles Grimandi
2

05DM
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Pires, RobertRobert Pirès
2

09AM/LW
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Ljungberg, FredrikFredrik Ljungberg
2

09AM
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Wiltord, SylvainSylvain Wiltord
2

10CF
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Lauren
2

02RB
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
2

10CF
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Edu
2

06CM
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Campbell, SolSol Campbell
2

04CB
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Kanu, NwankwoNwankwo Kanu
2

10CF
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Duff, DamienDamien Duff
2

06M
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Gallas, WilliamWilliam Gallas
2

04CB
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Geremi
2

02RB/DM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Gudjohnsen, EidurEiður Guðjohnsen
2

10CF
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Makelele, ClaudeClaude Makélélé
2
[15]
05DM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Robben, ArjenArjen Robben
2

08LW
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Essien, MichaelMichael Essien
2

06CM
Chelsea
200505–06, 09–10

Hughes, MarkMark Hughes
2

10CF
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Ince, PaulPaul Ince
2

05DM
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Kanchelskis, AndreiAndrei Kanchelskis
2
[16]
07W
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Parker, PaulPaul Parker
2

02D
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Robson, BryanBryan Robson
2

056CM
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

May, DavidDavid May
2

04CB
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97

Gouw, Raimond van derRaimond van der Gouw
2

01GK
Manchester United
199999–00, 00–01

Barthez, FabienFabien Barthez
2

01GK
Manchester United
200000–01, 02–03

Saha, LouisLouis Saha
2

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08

Berbatov, DimitarDimitar Berbatov
2

10CF
Manchester United
200908–09, 10–11

Toure, KoloKolo Touré
2

04CB
Arsenal,
Manchester City
200303–04, 11–12

Valencia, AntonioAntonio Valencia
2

07RW
Manchester United
201110–11, 12–13

Smalling, ChrisChris Smalling
2

04CB
Manchester United
201110–11, 12–13

Hernandez, JavierJavier Hernández
2

10CF
Manchester United
201110–11, 12–13

Hart, JoeJoe Hart
2

01GK
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Zabaleta, PabloPablo Zabaleta
2

02RB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Kolarov, AleksandarAleksandar Kolarov
2

03LB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Lescott, JoleonJoleon Lescott
2

04CB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany
2

04CB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Milner, JamesJames Milner
2

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Toure, YayaYaya Touré
2

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Nasri, SamirSamir Nasri
2

07RW
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Silva, DavidDavid Silva
2

09AM
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Aguero, SergioSergio Agüero
2

10CF
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Dzeko, EdinEdin Džeko
2

10CF
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Obi, Mikel JohnMikel John Obi
2

05DM
Chelsea
200909–10, 14–15

Zouma, KurtKurt Zouma
2

04CB
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Oscar
2

06CM
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Willian
2

07RW
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Cahill, GaryGary Cahill
2

04CB
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Matic, NemanjaNemanja Matić
2

05DM
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Fabregas, CescCesc Fàbregas
2

06CM
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Azpilicueta, CesarCésar Azpilicueta
2

03LB/RB
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Costa, DiegoDiego Costa
2
[17]
10CF
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Courtois, ThibautThibaut Courtois
2

01GK
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Hazard, EdenEden Hazard
2

08LW
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Kante, NgoloN'Golo Kanté
2

06M
Leicester City,
Chelsea
201515–16, 16–17

Sherwood, TimTim Sherwood
1

05M
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Atkins, MarkMark Atkins
1

06CM
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
1

10CF
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Gale, TonyTony Gale
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Hendry, ColinColin Hendry
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Le Saux, GraemeGraeme Le Saux
1
[18]
03LB
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Flowers, TimTim Flowers
1

01GK
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Warhurst, PaulPaul Warhurst
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Sutton, ChrisChris Sutton
1

10CF
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Ripley, StuartStuart Ripley
1

09AM
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Pearce, IanIan Pearce
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Wilcox, JasonJason Wilcox
1

08W
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Newell, MikeMike Newell
1

10CF
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Slater, RobbieRobbie Slater
1
[19]
06M
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Kenna, JeffJeff Kenna
1

03D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95
Special dispensation

Winterburn, NigelNigel Winterburn
1

03LB
Arsenal
199797–98

Bould, SteveSteve Bould
1

04CB
Arsenal
199797–98

Platt, DavidDavid Platt
1

06CM
Arsenal
199797–98

Wright, IanIan Wright
1

10CF
Arsenal
199797–98

Overmars, MarcMarc Overmars
1

08LW
Arsenal
199797–98

Wreh, ChristopherChristopher Wreh
1

10CF
Arsenal
199797–98

Petit, EmmanuelEmmanuel Petit
1

05DM
Arsenal
199797–98

Boa Morte, LuisLuís Boa Morte
1

08LW
Arsenal
199797–98

Garde, RemiRémi Garde
1

04D
Arsenal
199797–98

Hughes, StephenStephen Hughes
1

06M
Arsenal
199797–98

Manninger, AlexAlex Manninger
1

01GK
Arsenal
199797–98
Special dispensation

Luzhny, OlehOleh Luzhny
1

02RB
Arsenal
200101–02

Taylor, StuartStuart Taylor
1

01GK
Arsenal
200101–02

Bronckhorst, Giovanni vanGiovanni van Bronckhorst
1

03LB
Arsenal
200101–02

Upson, MatthewMatthew Upson
1

04CB
Arsenal
200101–02

Wright, RichardRichard Wright
1

01GK
Arsenal
200101–02

Stepanovs, IgorsIgors Stepanovs
1

10CB
Arsenal
200301–02

Aliadiere, JeremieJérémie Aliadière
1

10CF
Arsenal
200303–04

Lehmann, JensJens Lehmann
1

01GK
Arsenal
200303–04

Reyes, Jose AntonioJosé Antonio Reyes
1

09AM
Arsenal
200303–04

Silva, GilbertoGilberto Silva
1

05DM
Arsenal
200303–04

Cygan, PascalPascal Cygan
1

04D
Arsenal
200303–04

Bridge, WayneWayne Bridge
1

03LB
Chelsea
200404–05

Smertin, AlexeyAlexey Smertin
1

06M
Chelsea
200404–05

Tiago
1

06M
Chelsea
200404–05

Johnson, GlenGlen Johnson
1

02RB
Chelsea
200404–05

Kezman, MatejaMateja Kežman
1

10CF
Chelsea
200404–05

Jarosik, JiriJiří Jarošík
1

10CM
Chelsea
200404–05

Crespo, HernanHernán Crespo
1

10CF
Chelsea
200505–06

del Horno, AsierAsier del Horno
1

03LB
Chelsea
200505–06

Wright-Phillips, ShaunShaun Wright-Phillips
1

07RW
Chelsea
200505–06

Ballack, MichaelMichael Ballack
1

09AM
Chelsea
200909–10

Belletti, JulianoJuliano Belletti
1

02RB
Chelsea
200909–10

Alex
1

04CB
Chelsea
200909–10

Deco
1
[20]
09AM
Chelsea
200909–10

Kalou, SalomonSalomon Kalou
1

10CF
Chelsea
200909–10

Malouda, FlorentFlorent Malouda
1

08LW
Chelsea
200909–10

Sturridge, DanielDaniel Sturridge
1

10CF
Chelsea
200909–10

Zhirkov, YuriYuri Zhirkov
1

03LB
Chelsea
200909–10

Blackmore, ClaytonClayton Blackmore
1

02FB/M
Manchester United
199292–93

Dublin, DionDion Dublin
1

10CF/CB
Manchester United
199292–93
Special dispensation

Ferguson, DarrenDarren Ferguson
1

06M
Manchester United
199292–93

Phelan, MikeMike Phelan
1

02RB/M
Manchester United
199292–93

Cruyff, JordiJordi Cruyff
1

07RW
Manchester United
199696–97

Poborsky, KarelKarel Poborský
1

08W
Manchester United
199696–97

Blomqvist, JesperJesper Blomqvist
1

08LW
Manchester United
199898–99

Bosnich, MarkMark Bosnich
1

01GK
Manchester United
199999–00

Chadwick, LukeLuke Chadwick
1

06M
Manchester United
200000–01

Wallwork, RonnieRonnie Wallwork
1

04D/DM
Manchester United
200000–01

Blanc, LaurentLaurent Blanc
1

04CB
Manchester United
200202–03

Carroll, RoyRoy Carroll
1

01GK
Manchester United
200202–03

Fortune, QuintonQuinton Fortune
1

01LW
Manchester United
200202–03
Special dispensation

Forlan, DiegoDiego Forlán
1

10CF
Manchester United
200202–03

Nistelrooy, Ruud vanRuud van Nistelrooy
1

10CF
Manchester United
200202–03

Veron, Juan SebastianJuan Sebastián Verón
1

06M
Manchester United
200202–03

Heinze, GabrielGabriel Heinze
1

03LB/D
Manchester United
200606–07

Richardson, KieranKieran Richardson
1

06M
Manchester United
200606–07

Larsson, HenrikHenrik Larsson
1

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07
Special dispensation

Smith, AlanAlan Smith
1

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07
Special dispensation[21]

Hargreaves, OwenOwen Hargreaves
1
[22]
06M
Manchester United
200707–08

Pique, GerardGerard Piqué
1

02RB/CB
Manchester United
200707–08
Special dispensation[9]

Fabio !Fábio
1

03LB
Manchester United
201110–11

Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
1

10CF
Manchester United
201110–11

Gibson, DarronDarron Gibson
1
[23]
06CM
Manchester United
201110–11

Richards, MicahMicah Richards
1

02RB
Manchester City
201211–12

Savic, StefanStefan Savić
1

04CB
Manchester City
201211–12

Barry, GarethGareth Barry
1

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12

de Jong, NigelNigel de Jong
1

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12

Johnson, AdamAdam Johnson
1

08LW
Manchester City
201211–12

Balotelli, MarioMario Balotelli
1

10CF
Manchester City
201211–12

Persie, Robin vanRobin van Persie
1

01CF
Manchester United
201212–13

Welbeck, DannyDanny Welbeck
1

01CF
Manchester United
201212–13

Kagawa, ShinjiShinji Kagawa
1

01CM
Manchester United
201212–13

de Gea, DavidDavid de Gea
1

01GK
Manchester United
201212–13

Young, AshleyAshley Young
1

01LW
Manchester United
201212–13

Cleverley, TomTom Cleverley
1

01CM
Manchester United
201212–13

Jones, PhilPhil Jones
1

01CM
Manchester United
201212–13

Buttner, AlexanderAlexander Büttner
1

01LB
Manchester United
201212–13

Lindegaard, AndersAnders Lindegaard
1

01GK
Manchester United
201212–13

Negredo, AlvaroÁlvaro Negredo
1

10CF
Manchester City
201313–14

Garcia, JaviJavi García
1

05DM
Manchester City
201313–14

Navas, JesusJesús Navas
1

07RW
Manchester City
201313–14

Rodwell, JackJack Rodwell
1

06CM
Manchester City
201313–14

Fernandinho
1

06CM
Manchester City
201313–14

Demichelis, MartinMartín Demichelis
1

04CB
Manchester City
201313–14

Pantilimon, CostelCostel Pantilimon
1

01GK
Manchester City
201313–14

Nastasic, MatijaMatija Nastasić
1

04CB
Manchester City
201313–14

Jovetic, StevanStevan Jovetić
1

10CF
Manchester City
201313–14

Remy, LoicLoïc Rémy
1

10CF
Chelsea
201414–15

Ramires
1

06CM
Chelsea
201414–15

Filipe Luis !Filipe Luís
1

03LB
Chelsea
201414–15

Cuadrado, JuanJuan Cuadrado
1

07RW
Chelsea
201414–15

Schurrle, AndreAndré Schürrle
1

07RW
Chelsea
201414–15

Schmeichel, KasperKasper Schmeichel
1

01GK
Leicester City
201515–16

Schwarzer, MarkMark Schwarzer
1

02GK
Leicester City
201515–16
[24]

Simpson, DannyDanny Simpson
1

02RB
Leicester City
201515–16

Fuchs, ChristianChristian Fuchs
1

03LB
Leicester City
201515–16

Morgan, WesWes Morgan
1
[25]
04CB
Leicester City
201515–16

Schlupp, JeffreyJeffrey Schlupp
1
[26]
04D
Leicester City
201515–16

Drinkwater, DannyDanny Drinkwater
1

05DM
Leicester City
201515–16

Inler, GokhanGökhan Inler
1

06CM
Leicester City
201515–16

Dyer, NathanNathan Dyer
1

07W
Leicester City
201515–16

King, AndyAndy King
1
[27]
06M
Leicester City
201515–16

Albrighton, MarcMarc Albrighton
1

08LW
Leicester City
201515–16

Gray, DemaraiDemarai Gray
1

08W
Leicester City
201515–16

Mahrez, RiyadRiyad Mahrez
1
[28]
07RW
Leicester City
201515–16

Ulloa, LeonardoLeonardo Ulloa
1

10CF
Leicester City
201515–16

Okazaki, ShinjiShinji Okazaki
1

10CF
Leicester City
201515–16

Vardy, JamieJamie Vardy
1

10CF
Leicester City
201515–16

Amartey, DanielDaniel Amartey
1

04D/M
Leicester City
201515–16

De Laet, RitchieRitchie De Laet
1

04D
Leicester City
201515–16

Alonso, MarcosMarcos Alonso
1

03LB
Chelsea
201616–17

Pedro
1

07RW
Chelsea
201616–17

Luiz, DavidDavid Luiz
1

04CB
Chelsea
201616–17

Batshuayi, MichyMichy Batshuayi
1

10CF
Chelsea
201616–17

Loftus-Cheek, RubenRuben Loftus-Cheek
1

06M
Chelsea
201616–17

Chalobah, NathanielNathaniel Chalobah
1

05DM
Chelsea
201616–17

Moses, VictorVictor Moses
1

02RB
Chelsea
201616–17

Begovic, AsmirAsmir Begović
1

01GK
Chelsea
201616–17

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2625682/Jack-Rodwell-collects-Premier-League-winners-medal-despite-starting-just-one-game-Manchester-City.html
Jump up ^ FA Premier League Handbook 2012–13 Archived 14 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved on 17 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Giggs, Ryan (February 2005), "e11evenses", The Official Manchester United Magazine, Future, no. 150, p. 38, Our first Premiership win in 1992/93 was the only time we've ever received a miniature trophy instead of a medal.
Jump up ^ Number of medals awarded to team players in that season, This not include staff (managers and their assistants).
Jump up ^ Robson was club captain, although was injured for much of the 1992–93 season, Steve Bruce deputising.
Jump up ^ Joint position with Bryan Robson
Jump up ^ David Batty was offered a medal under "special dispensation", but refused as he felt his contribution (5 games) was minimal.
Jump up ^ Although Gary Neville was still official club captain, he played 0 Premier League games through injury. Giggs was vice-captain.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bumper Go Figure: Season in Numbers, 12 May 2008, www.football365.com. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.
Jump up ^ Premier League Medal Winners 1992–93 to 2010–11
Jump up ^ Ogden, Mark and Julian Ley, English players now outnumbered by foreign legion, 13 August 2009, The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 18 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Statistics collated from full list of winners.
^ Jump up to: a b born in Dakar, Senegal, France international
Jump up ^ born in Cape Verde, Portuguese international
Jump up ^ born in Kinshasa, Zaire (now DR Congo), France international
Jump up ^ born in Ukraine, Russian international
Jump up ^ born in Brazil, Spanish international
Jump up ^ Jersey born, England international
Jump up ^ born in Ormskirk, Lancashire, but Australian international
Jump up ^ born in Brazil, Portuguese international
Jump up ^ Newcastle United Squad Profile: Alan Smith, nufc.premiumtv.co.uk. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.
Jump up ^ born in Calgary, Canada, England international
Jump up ^ born in Derry, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland international
Jump up ^ Ogden, Mark (9 February 2017). "Chelsea's N'Golo Kante should be top contender for Footballer of the Year". ESPN FC. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ born in England, Jamaican international
Jump up ^ born in Germany, Ghanaian international
Jump up ^ born in England, Welsh international
Jump up ^ born in France, Algerian international

tag: ol


document_title: Pretty Little Liars

question_text: where is pretty little liars supposed to take place

text: Pretty Little Liars

text: Premise[edit]

text: Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania (not far from Philadelphia), the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings, Alison DiLaurentis, Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin and Emily Fields, whose clique falls apart after the leader of the group, Alison, goes missing. One year later, the remaining estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious villain named "A" or "A.D.", who threatens and tortures them for the mistakes they have made before and after Alison was alive. At first, they think it is Alison herself, but after her body is found, the girls realize that someone else is planning on ruining their lives.[2]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Viewers
(in millions)
Adults
(18-49)

1
22
June 8, 2010 (2010-06-08)
March 21, 2011 (2011-03-21)
2.87
1.0

2
25
June 14, 2011 (2011-06-14)
March 19, 2012 (2012-03-19)
2.68
1.0

3
24
June 5, 2012 (2012-06-05)
March 19, 2013 (2013-03-19)
2.59[3]
1.1[3]

4
24
June 11, 2013 (2013-06-11)
March 18, 2014 (2014-03-18)
2.53[4]
1.1[4]

5
25
June 10, 2014 (2014-06-10)
March 24, 2015 (2015-03-24)
2.01[5]
0.9[5]

6
20
June 2, 2015 (2015-06-02)
March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)
1.72[6]
0.8[6]

7
20
June 21, 2016 (2016-06-21)
June 27, 2017 (2017-06-27)
1.11[7]
0.6[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: Originally developed as a television series by book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea was described as "Desperate Housewives for teens."[8] Alloy met with author Shepard, and gave her the property to develop into a book series.[8] With Alloy and Warner Horizon Television interested in producing Pretty Little Liars as a television series for years, it was first planned for The WB in 2005 with a different writer until the network shut down in early 2006 and reestablished as The CW later that year.[9] The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006.[10] In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a Pretty Little Liars television pilot for ABC Family,[8] with the novels adapted for television.[9] After the pilot was shot in Vancouver, filming for the rest of the series moved to Los Angeles.[11][12] The series was primarily filmed at the Warner Bros. studio and backlot in the city of Burbank, near Los Angeles.[13] In June 2012, the series was selected by lottery for a California film and TV tax credit.[14]

text: Casting[edit]

text: ABC Family began casting for a Pretty Little Liars television pilot in October 2009.[9] Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings and Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz in November 2009.[15] In December 2009, The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Nia Peeples as Pam Fields, Roark Critchlow as Tom Marin, and Bianca Lawson as Maya.[16][17] Mitchell had initially auditioned for the role of Spencer and then tried for Emily.[18] The Hollywood Reporter also noted that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot.[17] The Alloy website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis and DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also mentioning the casting of Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal.[19] On January 27, 2010, ABC Family picked up the series for 10 episodes, set to premiere in June 2010.[2] In April 2010, the role of Aria's father Byron was recast with Chad Lowe,[20] and Holly Marie Combs was cast as Aria's mother Ella. Jenna Marshall is played by Tammin Sursok.[21]

text: On January 7, 2011, Tilky Jones was cast as Logan Reed.[22] On April 8, 2011, Annabeth Gish was cast for the role of Anne Sullivan, a therapist who tries to find out the characters' secrets.[23] On May 23, 2011, Andrea Parker signed up to appear as Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother.[24] On June 29, 2011, it was announced that Natalie Hall would be replacing Natalie Floyd as Hanna's soon-to-be stepsister, Kate.[25] On January 30, 2012, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Tyler Blackburn had been promoted to series regular for the third season.[26] In March 2012, Janel Parrish was also promoted from recurring to series regular for the third season.[27] On March 16, 2016, TVLine reported that Andrea Parker was added as a series regular for the seventh season.[28]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: Pretty Little Liars was called one of the most spectacular new shows of summer 2010 thanks to heavy promotion by ABC Family, including "spicy promos and hot posters".[29] ABC Family encouraged fans to host a "Pretty Little Premiere Party" for the show by sending the first respondents a fan kit,[30] and selected applicants to become part of an interactive "Secret Keeper Game" played with iPhones provided by the network.[31] The show's official Facebook and Twitter accounts also promoted special fan features, including a "Pretty Little Lie Detector".[32] Los Angeles department store Kitson showcased the show in their shop window.[33]

text: A tie-in edition featuring the Season 1 poster and logo of the 2006 first novel in the Pretty Little Liars series was released on the date of the show's premiere,[34] as was the final book of the original book series, "Wanted".[35] "Wanted" later decidedly became the eighth book of the series, as Shepard later confirmed she would extend the series. A TV tie in of the second book "Flawless" featuring an altered Season 3 poster was released on December 28, 2010.

text: Music[edit]

text: The theme song for Pretty Little Liars is "Secret" by The Pierces, which was suggested by one of the show's stars, Ashley Benson.[36] The pilot episode featured music from artists such as The Fray, Ben's Brother, MoZella, Orelia, and Colbie Caillat.[37] The show has also featured music from Passion Pit, Lady Gaga, Pink, Florence and the Machine, Lykke Li, Selena Gomez & the Scene, McFly and Rachel Platten. Music from Katie Herzig can be heard multiple times throughout the show. A few songs being "Hey Na Na" and "Where the Road Meets the Sun". Madi Diaz has been heard on the show with her song "Heavy Heart", as well as Joy Williams with "Charmed Life" and Foreign Slippers with "What Are You Waiting For?". The last episode of season one featured a song by Alexz Johnson that she originally recorded for the soundtrack of the Canadian hit TV show Instant Star. On June 14, 2011, "Jar of Hearts" by Christina Perri was featured in the first episode of the second season. The song "Follow Suit" by Trent Dabbs has also been featured on the show. In the episode "The Perfect Storm", Lucy Hale sings a cover of the song "Who Knows Where the Time Goes?" by British band Fairport Convention. The official soundtrack was released on February 15, 2011.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Troian Bellisario portrays Spencer Hastings, one of the five Liars. Bellisario also portrays Alex Drake, Spencer's identical twin sister. Spencer is an extreme perfectionist who likes to please her wealthy family and her friends. She is very competitive and an overachiever. Spencer is strong willed, smart, and kind towards everyone around her, but isn't afraid to take down someone who is a threat to something she cares about. She was in a relationship with Toby Cavanaugh (Keegan Allen) for most of the first six and a half seasons. Toby later joins the Rosewood Police Force to protect Spencer. Tired of being the victim, Spencer was a brief member of the "A" team after she thinks that she finds Toby in the woods killed by "A", but finds out from Mona that he is still alive and the only way to get to him is to become part of the team. She then learns that the only reason Toby joined the "A" team was to protect her. After the five year jump, Spencer dates Caleb Rivers (Tyler Blackburn) and lives in Washington, D.C. She returns home after the death of Charlotte Drake but ends up staying due to her mother running for the state senate. In the season 7 mid-season finale, it is revealed that she is the biological child of Mary Drake. After the one year time jump, it is shown she has continued with politics and is a paralegal at her mothers law firm. It is revealed that she had a twin sister, Alex Drake, who grew up in London, that became A.D to avenge Charlotte's death.
Ashley Benson portrays Hanna Marin, one of the five Liars. Hanna used to have an eating disorder. She was overweight, with the nickname 'Hefty Hanna'. After Alison DiLaurentis disappeared, Hanna lost weight and changed her style, which seemed similar to Ali's, with the help of her new best friend Mona Vanderwaal. Over the course of the series, Hanna cares more about the people around her and tries to protect herself and her friends. She is loyal and strong. She has had few love affairs through the series and was in a relationship with Caleb Rivers. After the time jump, Hanna was engaged to Jordan and working in the fashion industry, but has moved back to Rosewood and is married to Caleb. In the series finale, it is revealed that she is pregnant.
Holly Marie Combs portrays Ella Montgomery, the mother of Aria and Mike, as well as the wife of Byron.
Lucy Hale portrays Aria Montgomery, one of the five Liars. Aria is the artsy chameleon who is very intelligent, caring, and has a good sense of style. She's the one who keeps her family together. Aria spent some time as a "goth". She wore black, punk-like clothing and had pink highlights in her hair. After Alison disappeared, Aria and her family moved to Iceland for a year (because of Alison's disappearance), before returning to Rosewood. When Aria and her family moved back to Rosewood, she was no longer a "goth" as she used to be, she was a girly-girl. Aria had a relationship with her English teacher, Ezra Fitz (Ian Harding) from the very first episode of the entire show, but they decided to end their relationship before Aria went to college. After the time jump, Aria dates her co-worker, Liam, and then breaks up with him after she and Ezra start dating again. Ezra then proposes to her and they get engaged. Later, Aria joins the A-Team, after being blackmailed by Uber A. In the season finale, it is revealed that she is infertile which leads her to believe that she would never be able to marry Ezra however at the end of the episode she and Ezra are married
Ian Harding portrays Ezra Fitz, a former English teacher at Rosewood High who begins a relationship with Aria which causes a lot of tension due to her being his student. However they keep a steady relationship until season 4 when it is revealed that he is writing a book about the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis which causes Aria to break up with him. It is also revealed that he had a very brief relationship with Alison before she disappeared after she met him in bar near Hollis with Charlotte Drake. After the time jump, Ezra is in a very bad place due to his girlfriend Nicole being kidnapped and killed in Nicaragua while they were there doing charity work. He is writing a book about his experience which is being published through the company Aria is currently working at which causes them to rekindle their old friendship. In the season 6 finale, they have sex which causes them to talk about their relationship and Ezra proposes to Aria which after some hesitation and a confession about the death of Archer Dunhill, she accepts. They are married in the series finale.
Bianca Lawson portrays Maya St. Germain, a new girl who moves into Rosewood and develops a relationship with Emily, becoming her first girlfriend. She moves into Alison's old house which causes tension with the girls at first but they quickly begin to like her. She is killed in the season 2 finale by Lyndon James who was her stalker from a rehabilitation camp which she was sent to when Pam discovers weed in her bag. Lyndon disguises himself as her cousin who tries to get close to Emily so that he can kill her out of jealousy however, he is killed by Emily stabbing him in mid-season 3.
Laura Leighton portrays Ashley Marin, the mother of Hanna. In the first season she is working as a member of the bank until she is arrested as the suspected murderer of Darren Wilden. She is released when Mona takes the blame for murder and Pastor Ted posts her bail. She then begins working for Mrs DiLaurentis until her death when she chooses to leave as Jason takes over which causes tension due to their past relationship. After the 5 year time jump, she has now turned Radley into a fancy hotel and is working as the manager.
Chad Lowe portrays Byron Montgomery, the father of Aria and Mike, as well as the husband of Ella. He is the center of one of the first story lines due to him having an affair with one of his students at Hollis causing all sorts of issues with his family. Due to this, him and Ella get a divorced but later remarry in season 6 with Aria as their officiator. Chad Lowe was the first cast member to direct an episode of Pretty Little Liars, followed by Troian Bellisario.
Shay Mitchell portrays Emily Fields, one of the five Liars. Emily is the sporty one in the group. She is the best swimmer on the swim team, and she's very sweet and loyal. Emily is a shy, kind, closeted lesbian, in love with Alison DiLaurentis. Over the course of the series, Emily came out to her parents that she was in a relationship with Maya St. Germain. After Maya's murder, Emily develops a relationship with Paige McCullers in season 3. They're together for a while, until Paige betrays Emily's trust. After the time jump, Emily has dropped out of the university she attended in California after the death of her father and she came back to Rosewood with a secret. She ends up donating her eggs in season 6 to help 2 start a family. As of The DArkest Knight she is now working at Rosewood High School as the swim coach. In Season 7, it is revealed that Alison is pregnant with Emily's baby after A.D stole Emily's eggs after she donated them and impregnated Alison while she was in Welby. Emily confronts Ali about the baby and she agrees to have it for her. Soon after, Alison confesses her feelings for Emily and the 2 enter a relationship. In the series finale, Emily and Ali are raising twin girls, Lily and Grace. Alison proposes to Emily who accepts.
Sasha Pieterse portrays Alison DiLaurentis, one of the five Liars and the former "Queen Bee" of her clique, and the most popular girl in school before her disappearance. She enjoys using people's deepest secrets against them to keep them in line. Charming and manipulative, Alison managed to manipulate all four of her friends in one way or another and is skilled at finding ways to blackmail others. It was later revealed that Alison is alive and was on the run from "A". After the five-year time jump, Alison marries a man posing as Dr. Elliott Rollins, who was her sister Charlotte's psychiatrist. In the beginning of Season 7, Alison finds out that he is not the "good" man that she thought she married and with the help of the other girls, they manage to kill him before he kills them. Alison is now an English teacher at Rosewood High. It is also revealed in season 7 that she is pregnant with Emily's baby. Shortly after, she admits to being in love with Emily and enters a relationship with her and intends to raise the baby with her.In the series finale, she is raising twin girls, Lily and Grace, later on in the episode she proposes to Emily.
Tyler Blackburn portrays Caleb Rivers, the high school boyfriend and later husband of Hanna Marin, and a professional hacker. It is revealed in season 1 that he was in the foster care system and slept in school or public places the majority of the time to avoid staying with his foster family. For a brief time he moves into Hanna's basement before moving in with Lucas. He also reconnects with his biological parents. He departs the show mid-season 4 to go to Ravenswood, which was a sister spin-off show of Pretty Little Liars. He returns in the 100th episode with a haunting secret which causes tension between him and Hanna. They both begin drinking, him to forget Ravenswood, her coping with Alison's return to Rosewood. After the time jump, it is revealed that he and Hanna broke up due to them working too much and he begins dating Spencer causing a love triangle between the three of them. In the mid-season 7 finale, he confesses his feeling for Hanna leading to them having sex prompting them to get back together. In "Choose or Loose", they elope in the courthouse and in the finale, Hanna announces she's pregnant.
Janel Parrish portrays Mona Vanderwaal, the original and first "A". She is the person who stalked Alison before her disappearance, and did this as revenge for Alison crowning her "Rosewood's biggest loser". After Alison disappeared she became best friends with Hanna Marin and they transformed themselves into the most popular girls at school, taking Alison's place. In the season two finale she is exposed as "A" and sent to Radley Sanitarium, where she is visited by CeCe Drake (Charlotte), who takes Mona's place in the "A" game. In Season 3, she continues working as "A" and by the end of the season is kicked off the "A" team and becomes a victim of "A" along with the other girls. In Season 4 she helps the girls out with their investigations of the new "A". In season 5 she creates an army so as not to be intimidated by Alison's return. Later in the season, she fakes her own death to ferret out "A" but is kidnapped by "A" and imprisoned in "A"'s dollhouse. After the time jump, Mona is working for Veronica Hastings' rival for State Senator, and is revealed to be Charlotte Drake's killer.
Andrea Parker portrays Jessica DiLaurentis / Mary Drake, twin sisters. Jessica is the mother to Alison and Jason, while Mary is revealed to be the mother of Charlotte and Spencer. Mary was admitted to Radley Sanitarium for most of her life, but has now returned to Rosewood. During the fourth season, Mary kills Jessica and attempts to frame Peter Hastings for it. However, this is not revealed until season 7. She comes back to Rosewood later, now allied with Archer Dunhill. In the nineteenth episode of season 7, she takes the blame for the death of Archer Dunhill so the Liars won't have to go to prison. In the season finale, it revealed that she escaped prison with the help of Mona so that she could ally with Alex Drake, her other biological daughter, Spencer's twin sister who is revealed as A.D

tag: ul

text: Setting[edit]

text: Rosewood[edit]

text: Rosewood is a fictional town in the United States state of Pennsylvania. It is the principal setting of the series and the books. The Liars live in this town along with most of the other characters. It contains many principal locations: the police station, the Rosewood High School, the church, the Rosewood Shopping Center, Hollis College, the Rosewood Community Hospital, the Rosewood movie theater, the mausoleum, the dental office, the Ophthalmology Cabinet, and the Rosewood Court.

text: Virtually all these locations are actually exteriors on the backlot of the Warner Bros. studio lot in Burbank. Interior scenes are filmed separately on nearby soundstages. For example, different sides of the same building on the backlot are used for the entrances of the Rosewood police station and high school.

text: Secondary locations[edit]

text: Real towns: New York City, Cape May, Philadelphia, London, Hilton Head Island and Brookhaven

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Pretty Little Liars premiered on June 8, 2010 in the United States, becoming ABC Family's highest-rated series debut on record across the network's target demographics.[38] It ranked number one in key 12–34 demos and teens, becoming the number-one scripted show in Women 18–34, and Women 18–49. The premiere was number two in the hour for total viewers, which generated 2.47 million unique viewers, and was ABC Family's best delivery in the time slot since the premiere of The Secret Life of the American Teenager.

text: The second episode retained 100% of its premiere audience with 2.48 million viewers, despite the usual downward trend following a premiere of a show, and built on its premiere audience. It was the dominant number one of its time slot in Adults 18–49, and the number one show in female teens.[39] Subsequent episodes fluctuated between 2.09 and 2.74 million viewers.[40][41] The August 10, 2010 "Summer Finale" episode drew an impressive 3.07 million viewers.

text: On June 28, 2010, ABC Family ordered 12 more episodes of the show, bringing its total first-season order to 22.[42] On January 10, 2011, ABC Family picked the show up for a second season that premiered on June 14, 2011. During the summer of 2011, Pretty Little Liars was basic cable's top scripted series in women aged 18–34 and viewers 12–34.[43][44] The second half of season 2 aired on Mondays at 8/7c, beginning on January 2, 2012.[45]

text: On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the show for a third season, which consisted of 24 episodes.[46][47] On October 4, 2012, ABC Family announced that the show was renewed for a fourth season, again comprising 24 episodes. The second half of the third season began airing on January 8, 2013 and finished March 19, 2013. Pretty Little Liars returned for Season 4 on June 11, 2013. On March 25, 2013, it was again announced that Pretty Little Liars had been renewed for a fifth season scheduled for a 2014 air date and a new spin off show entitled Ravenswood would begin airing after the season four annual Halloween special in October 2013.[48] The second half of season four premiered on January 7, 2014.[49] It was announced on June 10, 2014 that Pretty Little Liars was renewed for two seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original hit series.[50] On August 29, 2016, I.Marlene King announced that Pretty Little Liars would be ending after the seventh season had aired. The second half of the seventh season will begin airing later than previous season, in April instead of January.[51]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Pretty Little Liars opened with mixed reviews. Metacritic gave the pilot episode 52 out of 100, based upon 14 critical reviews.[52] The New York Daily News gave the show a positive review, commenting that it "makes most popular vampire romances look anemic", while concluding, "Pretty Little Liars could go in several directions, including mundane teen clichés. It's got an equally good shot at making us care about these imperfect pretty girls."[53] A writer on Terror Hook has stated that " 'Pretty Little Liars' gets off to a very promising start. Great production all around, the writing keeps the viewer on their toes, and the acting just reinforces it. The overall mystery of the show in the end is dark and unpredictable, even stepping into the slasher film realm."[54] The New York Post gave the show three out of five stars, stating, "OK, so we've established that there is no socially redeeming value in this series and that your kids shouldn't watch it if they are too young and impressionable. But if you can distract them enough to miss the first 15 minutes, the show isn't half-bad. Actually, it is half-good, if that makes sense."[55] The Los Angeles Times wrote that the series is "one of those shows that manages to mildly, and perhaps unintentionally, spoof its genre while fully participating in it, and that's not a bad thing at all."[56]

text: Entertainment Weekly had a less favorable review, giving the show a letter grade of "D−", saying, "Imagine the pitch for Liars: It's I Know What You Did Last Summer meets Gossip Girl, but like not so subtle." It went on to say that the plot "hits every racy teen entertainment mark so hard (everyone's hair is so full—of secrets!) that it feels like the only thing missing is a visit from the ghosts of Jennifer Love Hewitt and Freddie Prinze, Jr."[57] The Hollywood Reporter compared the show to those on The CW and noted, "Sure, there's a lot here that sustains more eye-rolling than interested stares, but a little patience might be warranted."[58]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Since the series premiere, Pretty Little Liars has remained popular. In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that the show's "popularity is tilted toward women more than any other show in the data — over 94 percent of 'likes' come from women".[59]

text: The series earned its highest rated episode with 4.20 million total viewers, ranking among ABC Family's top 5 telecasts in adult viewers 18–34, total viewers and women viewers.[60] The highest rated episodes include season one's finale, with 3.64 million, and season two's premiere and finale episodes, each yielding nearly 3.7 million viewers.[61][62][63] The show stands as the most watched series on ABC Family, maintaining a steady viewership of over 2.5 million and currently standing as the only show to yield an average of over 2 million viewers.

text:
Ratings table

Season
Network
Episodes
Timeslot
Season premiere
Season finale
TV season
Viewers
(in millions)
Most watched episode

Premiere date
Viewers
(million)
Finale date
Viewers
(million)
Title
Viewers
(millions)

Season 1
ABC Family
22
Tuesdays 8:00 pm (first set)
Mondays 8:00 pm (second set)
June 8, 2010
2.47[64]
March 21, 2011
3.64[61]
2010–11
2.87
"Moments Later"
4.20[65]

Season 2
25
June 14, 2011
3.68[62]
March 19, 2012
3.69[63]
2011–12
2.68
"unmAsked"
3.69[63]

Season 3
24
Tuesdays 8:00 p.m.
June 5, 2012
2.93[66]
March 19, 2013
2.87[67]
2012–13
2.59[68]
"She's Better Now"
3.21[69]

Season 4
24
June 11, 2013
2.97[70]
March 18, 2014
3.12[71]
2013–14
2.53[72]
"Now You See Me, Now You Don't"
3.33[73]

Season 5
25
June 10, 2014
2.72[74]
March 24, 2015
2.65[75]
2014–15
2.01[76]
"EscApe From New York"
2.72[77]

Season 6
ABC Family (2015)

Freeform (2016)
20
June 2, 2015
2.38[78]
March 15, 2016
1.19[79]
2015–16
1.72[80]
"Game Over, Charles"
3.09[81]

Season 7
Freeform
20
June 21, 2016
1.43[82]
June 27, 2017
1.41[83]
2016–17
1.11[7]
"Tick-Tock, Bitches"
1.43[84]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

2010

Teen Choice Awards[91]
Choice Summer TV Show
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Ian Harding
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Lucy Hale
Won

2011

NewNowNext Awards[92]
TV You Betta Watch
Pretty Little Liars
Won

People's Choice Awards[93]
Favorite TV Obsession
Nominated

GLAAD Media Awards[94]
Outstanding Drama Series
Nominated

Young Hollywood Awards[95]
Cast To Watch
Troian Bellisario, Ashley Benson, Lucy Hale and Shay Mitchell
Won

Teen Choice Awards[96]
Choice Summer TV Show
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Lucy Hale
Won

Troian Bellisario
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Ian Harding
Won

Keegan Allen
Nominated

Banff Television Festival
Best Continuing Series
I. Marlene King, Lesli Linka Glatter and Lisa Cochran-Neilan
Won

Capricho Awards (pt)[97]
Best TV Series
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

Best International Actress
Lucy Hale
Nominated

Best International Actor
Ian Harding
Nominated

2012
People's Choice Awards[98]
Favorite Cable TV Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Won

GLAAD Media Awards[99]
Outstanding Drama Series
Nominated

TV Guide Awards[100]
Favorite Guilty Pleasure
Nominated

Capricho Awards (pt)[101]
Best TV Series
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[102]
Choice TV Show: Drama
Won

Choice TV Actor
Ian Harding
Won

Choice TV Actress
Lucy Hale
Won

Choice TV Villain
Janel Parrish
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Troian Bellisario
Won

2013
People's Choice Awards[103]
Favorite Cable TV Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

Favorite TV Fan Following
Little Liars
Nominated

Gracie Awards[104]
Outstanding Performance by a Female Rising Star
Lucy Hale
Won

TV Guide Awards[105]
Favorite Ensemble
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

Favorite Villain
Janel Parrish and Keegan Allen
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[106]
Choice TV Show: Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Choice Summer TV Show
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Ian Harding
Won

Choice TV Actress: Drama
Troian Bellisario
Won

Choice TV Villain
Janel Parrish
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Lucy Hale
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Keegan Allen
Won

Capricho Awards (pt)[107]
Best TV Series
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

Best International Actress
Ashley Benson
Nominated

2014
People's Choice Awards[108][109]
Favorite Cable TV Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

Favorite Cable TV Actress
Lucy Hale
Won

GLAAD Media Awards[110]
Outstanding Drama Series
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

40th Saturn Awards[111]
Best Youth-Oriented Television Series
Nominated

Young Hollywood Awards
Bingeworthy TV series
Nominated

Best Cast Chemistry — TV
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[112]
Choice TV Show: Drama
Won

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Ian Harding
Won

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Keegan Allen
Nominated

Choice TV Actress: Drama
Lucy Hale
Won

Choice TV Actress: Drama
Troian Bellisario
Nominated

Choice TV Villain
Janel Parrish
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Ashley Benson
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Shay Mitchell
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Tyler Blackburn
Won

Choice TV Breakout Star: Female
Sasha Pieterse
Won

Candie's Choice Style Icon
Ashley Benson
Nominated

2015
People's Choice Awards[113]
Favorite Cable TV Actress
Ashley Benson
Nominated

Lucy Hale
Nominated

Favorite Cable TV Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Won

GLAAD Media Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
Nominated

41st Saturn Awards[114]
Best Youth-Oriented Television Series
Nominated

MTV Fandom Awards
Feels Freak Out Of The Year
Won

Ship Of The Year
Shay Mitchell and Sasha Pieterse
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Show: Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Keegan Allen
Nominated

Ian Harding
Won

Choice TV Actress: Drama
Lucy Hale
Won

Shay Mitchell
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Tyler Blackburn
Won

Choice Summer TV Star: Female
Troian Bellisario
Nominated

Ashley Benson
Won

Choice TV Scene Stealer
Sasha Pieterse
Nominated

Choice TV Villain
"A" (Vanessa Ray)
Won

2016

People's Choice Awards[115]

Favorite Cable TV Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Favorite Cable TV Actress
Ashley Benson
Nominated

Lucy Hale
Nominated

Shay Mitchell
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards

Choice TV Show: Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Won

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Keegan Allen
Nominated

Tyler Blackburn
Nominated

Ian Harding
Won

Choice TV Actress: Drama
Troian Bellisario
Nominated

Ashley Benson
Won

Choice TV Villain
Janel Parrish
Won

Choice TV Scene Stealer
Sasha Pieterse
Won

Choice TV Chemistry
Ashley Benson and Tyler Blackburn
Won

Choice Summer TV Actress
Lucy Hale
Nominated

Shay Mitchell
Nominated

2017
People's Choice Awards[116]
Favorite Cable TV Actress
Ashley Benson
Nominated

Lucy Hale
Nominated

Favorite Cable TV Drama
Pretty Little Liars
Nominated

MTV Movie & TV Awards

Show Of The Year
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards

Choice TV Show: Drama
Nominated

Choice TV Actress: Drama
Troian Bellisario
Nominated

Ashley Benson
Nominated

Lucy Hale
Won

Shay Mitchell
Nominated

Sasha Pieterse
Nominated

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Ian Harding
Nominated

Choice TV Villain
Janel Parrish
Won

Choice TV Ship
Shay Mitchell and Sasha Pieterse
Nominated

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
DVD release dates for Pretty Little Liars

Name
Release dates
Ep #
Additional information

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

The Complete First Season
June 7, 2011
September 24, 2012[117]
November 2, 2011[118]
22

Pretty Little Liars: Two Truths and a Lie—Discover some fun facts and fictional fallacies about the cast of Pretty Little Liars.
It All Started with a Little Lie: Making Pretty Little Liars—Discover how the pages and characters of Sara Shepard's novel became this can't miss TV series
Little Secrets from the Set—Catch up with the cast and crew of summer's hottest show as they bring us several juicy behind-the-scenes secrets from the Pretty Little Liars set
Deleted Scenes and extras

The Complete Second Season
June 5, 2012[119]
November 11, 2013[120]
September 5, 2012[121]
25

Fashion's Guilty Pleasure: Check out Aria's edgy bohemian looks, Hanna's rock 'n' roll glamour, Emily's laid back sporty style and Spencer's prepster perfection
Men of Mystery: Brooding brows, soulful smiles and mysterious minds... get ready for the heart-melting guys of Rosewood
Deleted scenes and extras

The Complete Third Season
June 4, 2013
April 21, 2014[122]
June 19, 2013[123]
24

Featurette: "The 'A' Network"
The Lady Killer episode alternate endings
Bonus Webisodes
Deleted Scenes

The Complete Fourth Season
June 3, 2014
September 29, 2014[124]
July 9, 2014[125]
24

Featurette: "Unhooding Red Coat: Alison Is Alive!"
Featurette: "Confessions of 'A' Liar"
Featurette: "Pretty Little Scenes"
Bonus Recap Episode
Deleted Scenes

The Complete Fifth Season
June 2, 2015
July 15, 2015[126]
June 19, 2015
25

Featurette: "Good Girls, Bad Lies: The Stronger PLLs"
Featurette: "Pretty Little Liars: The Guys Are Back!"
Featurette: "Celebrating a Pretty 100th"
Featurette: "Christmas in Rosewood: Designing the Ice Ball"
We Love You to Death: Fan Appreciation Episode
Deleted Scenes

The Complete Sixth Season
April 19, 2016[127]
April 18, 2016[128]
April 22, 2016
20

Featurette: "We Heart the PLL Ships"
Featurette: "A PLL Prom"
Featurette: "Inside the 5 Years"
Featurette: "A Homecoming: The PLLs Return"
Pretty Little Liars: 5 Years Forward
Deleted Scenes

The Seventh and Final Season
July 25, 2017[129]
TBA
TBA
20

Featurette: "Inside the PLL Sheets"
Featurette: "That PLL Boy Is Mine"
Featurette: "A PLL Proposal"
Featurette: "A Surprising Mary Drake"
Featurette: "Hot for Haleb"
Featurette: "Say I Do"
Featurette: "The Final Sendoff from Rosewood"
Featurette: "A.D.: The Ultimate Suspect"
Featurette: "Thank You to Fans"
Pretty Little Liars: A-List Wrap Party (Special Episode)
Deleted Scenes

The Complete Series
July 25, 2017[129]
TBA
TBA
160

All previously released special features on all seven seasons.


document_title: Kitakami Mountains

question_text: the kitakami plateau of japan is located in

text: Kitakami Mountains

text:
Kitakami Mountains
北上山地
Mt HayachineHighest pointPeak
Mount HayachineElevation
1,913.6 m (6,278 ft)Coordinates
39°33′30″N 141°29′20″E / 39.55833°N 141.48889°E / 39.55833; 141.48889 DimensionsLength
250 km (160 mi) N–SWidth
80 km (50 mi) E–WGeography

Country
JapanIsland
HonshuRegion
TōhokuPrefectures
Aomori, Iwate and MiyagiRange coordinates
39°30′N 141°30′E / 39.5°N 141.5°E / 39.5; 141.5Coordinates: 39°30′N 141°30′E / 39.5°N 141.5°E / 39.5; 141.5

text: Kitakami Mountains (北上山地, Kitakami sanchi) is a mountain range in northeastern Honshu, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.[1] The range extends for 250 kilometres (160 mi) from the southern border of Aomori Prefecture in the north to the northern border of Miyagi Prefecture in the south, and are bordered by the Kitakami River valley in the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east, with an average width of aorund 80 kilometres (50 mi).The Kitakami Mountains are thus mostly located within eastern Iwate Prefecture. The range is largely an eroded plateau with a thick granite bedrock, thus accounting for its other name: Kitakami Plateau (北上高地, Kitakami-kōchi). In the north, the mountains are characterized by marine terraces at an altitude of around 300 meters, whereas in the south, the mountains are drowned to form a deeply indented rias coast.

text: Geologically, the Kitakami Mountains are Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations, divided into northern and southern groups. the southern area has oldest previous Silurian foundation, which was once a shallow sea on the continental margin where the water temperature was high enough for coral growth from the Silurian to the Devonian periods; this region, later collided with the northern Kitakami mountainous area in the early Cretaceous period, and the whole was penetrated by the granite in various places. Until the Paleogene, the Kitakami Mountains were geologically  part of Primorsky region of Siberia. About 30 million years to 15 million years ago, the Japanese archipelago separated from the continent and moved to its present position. The Kitakami Mountains around that time was an island, the west side was a shallow sea, and the Ōu Mountains were not yet born. The uplift of the Ōu mountain range began in late Miocene and the Kitakami Basin was born. The Kitakami Mountains were exposed to erosion for a long time because they were above water from the Cenozoic onwards. In addition, as a result the glacier effects of the last glacial period, the current gentle topography was created.

text: Mount Hayachine, near the center of the range, is the highest peak at 1,917 metres (6,289 ft), and supports endemic alpine vegetation.

text: Notable caves within the Kitakami Mountains include Akkadō and Ryūsendō.

text: The peaks of the Kitakami mountains include the following:

text:
Mount Hayachine (早池峰山) 1917 m
Hashigamidake (階上岳) 739.6 m
Akkamori (安家森) 1239 m
Kuromoriyama (黒森山) 837 m
Goyozan (五葉山)1351 m
Muroneyama (室根山) 895 m
Omoriyama (大森山) 750 m
Tokusenjosan (徳仙丈山) 711 m
Tatsuganesan (田束山) 512 m


document_title: Program music

question_text: how might a baroque composer create program music

text: Program music

text: Renaissance period[edit]

text: Composers of the Renaissance wrote a fair amount of program music, especially for the harpsichord, including works such as Martin Peerson's The Fall of the Leafe and William Byrd's The Battell. For the latter work, the composer provided this written description of the sections: "Souldiers sommons, marche of footemen, marche of horsmen, trumpetts, Irishe marche, bagpipe and the drone, flute and the droome, marche to the fighte, the battels be joyned, retreat, galliarde for the victorie."

text: A good example of this is Marin Marais's "Le tableau de l'Operation de la Taille", which describes bladder-stone surgery.

text: Baroque and Classical eras[edit]

text: In the Baroque era, Vivaldi's The Four Seasons has poetic inscriptions in the score referring to each of the seasons, evoking spring, summer, autumn, and winter. While many cantatas by J. S. Bach contain programmatic elements, an example of outright program music is his Capriccio on the departure of a beloved brother, BWV 992. Program music was perhaps less often composed in the Classical era. At that time, perhaps more than any other, music achieved drama from its own internal resources, notably in works written in sonata form. It is thought, however, that a number of Joseph Haydn's earlier symphonies may be program music; for example, the composer once said that one of his earlier symphonies represents "a dialogue between God and the Sinner". It is not known which of his symphonies Haydn was referring to. His Symphony No. 8 also includes a movement named "La Tempestura" that represents a storm. A minor Classical-era composer, Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf, wrote a series of symphonies based on Ovid's Metamorphoses (not to be confused with Twentieth-Century composer Benjamin Britten's Six Metamorphoses after Ovid).

text: Romantic period[edit]

text: Program music particularly flourished in the Romantic era. As it can invoke in the listener a specific experience other than sitting in front of a musician or musicians, it is related to the purely Romantic idea of the Gesamtkunstwerk describing Wagner's Operas as a fusion of many arts (set design, choreography, poetry and so on), although it relies solely on musical aspects to illustrate a multi-faceted artistic concept such as a poem or a painting. Composers believed that the dynamics of sound that were newly possible in the Romantic orchestra of the era allowed them to focus on emotions and other intangible aspects of life much more than during the Baroque or Classical eras.

text: Ludwig van Beethoven felt a certain reluctance in writing program music, and said of his 1808 Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral) that the "whole work can be perceived without description – it is more an expression of feelings rather than tone-painting".[1] Yet the work clearly contains depictions of bird calls, a bubbling brook, a storm, and so on. Beethoven later returned to program music with his Piano Sonata Op. 81a, Les Adieux, which depicts the departure and return of his close friend the Archduke Rudolph.

text: Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique was a musical narration of a hyperbolically emotional love story, the main subject being an actress with whom he was in love at the time. Franz Liszt did provide explicit programs for many of his piano pieces but he is also the inventor of the term symphonic poem. In 1874, Modest Mussorgsky composed for piano a series of pieces describing seeing a gallery of ten of his friend's paintings and drawings in his Pictures at an Exhibition, later orchestrated by many composers including Maurice Ravel. The French composer Camille Saint-Saëns wrote many short pieces of program music which he called Tone Poems. His most famous are probably the Danse Macabre and several movements from the Carnival of the Animals. The composer Paul Dukas is perhaps best known for his tone poem The Sorcerer's Apprentice, based on a tale from Goethe.

text: Possibly the most adept at musical depiction in his program music was Richard Strauss, a German composer whose symphonic poems include Death and Transfiguration (portraying a dying man and his entry into heaven), Don Juan (based on the ancient legend of Don Juan), Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks (based on episodes in the career of the legendary German figure Till Eulenspiegel), Don Quixote (portraying episodes in the life of Miguel de Cervantes' character, Don Quixote), A Hero's Life (which depicts episodes in the life of an unnamed hero often taken to be Strauss himself) and Symphonia Domestica (which portrays episodes in the composer's own married life, including putting the baby to bed). Strauss is reported to have said that music can describe anything, even a teaspoon.[2]

text: Another composer of programmatic music is Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, whose colorful "musical pictures" include "Sadko", Op. 5, after the Russian Bylina, about the minstrel who sings to the Tsar of the Sea, the very famous "'Scheherazade", Op. 35, after the Arabian Nights entertainments (where the heroine is depicted by a violin and whose stories include Sinbad the Sailor) and any number of orchestral suites from his operas, including The Tale of Tsar Saltan (which also contains "Flight of the Bumblebee"), The Golden Cockerel, Christmas Eve, The Snow Maiden, and The Legend of The Invisible City of Kitezh.

text: In Scandinavia, Sibelius explored the Kalevala legend in several tone poems, most famously in The Swan of Tuonela.

text: One of the most famous programs, because it has never been definitively identified, is the secret non-musical idea or theme - the "Enigma" - which underlies Edward Elgar's Variations on an Original Theme (Enigma) of 1899. The composer disclosed it to certain friends, but at his request they never made it public.

text: Twentieth century[edit]

text: Ottorino Respighi composed a number of tone poems in the 1910s and 1920s, notably three works on different aspects of the city of Rome. Gustav Holst's "The Planets" is another well-known example. Alban Berg's Lyric Suite was thought for years to be abstract music, but in 1977 it was discovered that it was in fact dedicated to Hanna Fuchs-Robettin.[3] Important leitmotifs are based on the melodic series A–B–H–F, which is their combined initials. The last movement also contains a setting of a poem by Charles Baudelaire, suppressed by the composer for publication [1].

text: Popular music as program music[edit]

text: The term "program music" is not generally used with regard to popular music, although some popular music does have aspects in common with program music. The tradition of purely orchestral program music is continued in pieces for jazz orchestra, most notably several pieces by Duke Ellington. Instrumental pieces in popular music often have a descriptive title which suggests that they could be categorized as program music, and several instrumental albums are completely devoted to some programmatic idea (for example, China by Vangelis or The Songs of Distant Earth by Mike Oldfield). Some of the genres of popular music are more likely than others to involve programmatic elements; these include ambient, new-age, space music, surf rock, black metal, jazz fusion, progressive rock, art rock and various genres of techno music. Bluegrass has at least one outstanding bit of program music called Orange Blossom Special.

text: Progressive rock groups and musicians during the 1970s in particular experimented with program music, among which was Rush's "Jacob's Ladder" (1980), which shows clear influences of Smetana's Má vlast ("My Homeland") (1874-1879). In addition, Rush's songs "Xanadu", Red Barchetta, and YYZ also show their experimentalism with program music, as do parts of "2112", particularly the discovery scene.

text: Definition[edit]

text: Composers and some theorists argue that there is indeed no such thing as true "absolute (ars gratia artis) music" and that music always at least conveys or evokes emotions. While non-professional listeners often claim that music has meaning (to them), "new" musicologists, such as Susan McClary (1999), argue that so called "abstract" techniques and structures are actually highly politically and socially charged, specifically, even gendered. This may be linked to a more general argument against abstraction, such as Mark Johnson's argument that it is, "necessary...for abstract meaning...to have a bodily basis." (McClary, 1991) However, a more specific definition of absolute music, is music which was composed without programmatic intent, or narrative.

text: More traditional listeners often reject these views sharply, asserting that music can be meaningful, as well as deeply emotional, while being essentially about itself (notes, themes, keys, and so on), and without any connection to the political and societal conflicts of our own day, but consciously associated with non-musical ideas, images, or events (poems, art works, etc.)

text: In the Western canon[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Baroque and Classical eras[edit]

text: Part of the music from the Baroque and Classical eras is absolute, as is suggested by titles which often consist simply of the type of composition, a numerical designation within the composer's oeuvre, and its key. Bach's Concerto for Two Harpsichords in C Minor, BWV 1060; Mozart's Piano Sonata in C Major, K. 545, and Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 in A major (Opus 92) are all examples of absolute music.

text: Contrarywise, some composers of the Baroque era used to design titles for their music in a fashion resemblant to that of Romantic program music, called the rappresentativo (representative) style. Some of the most notable examples were composed by Antonio Vivaldi – some of his violin, flute or recorder concertos bear titles inspired by human affects (Il piacere – the pleasure), occupations (La caccia – the hunting, La pastorella – the shepherdess) or, most notably, aspects of nature and meteors (The Four Seasons, La notte – the night, La tempesta di mare – the sea storm). Another well-known example is Heinrich Ignaz Biber's Sonata representativa (for violin and continuo), which depicts various animals (the nightingale, the cuckoo, the cat) in a humoristic manner.

text: Romantic era[edit]

text: Program music was quite popular during the Romantic era. Many mainstream "classical" works are unequivocally program music, such as Richard Strauss's An Alpine Symphony, which is a musical description of ascending and descending a mountain, with 22 section titles such as "Night," "Sunrise," "By the Waterfall," "In Thicket and Underbrush on the Wrong Path," "Summit," "Mists Rise," and "Storm and Descent." Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 is clearly program music, too, with titled movements and instrumental depictions of bird calls, country dances, and a storm. His fifteenth string quartet, Opus 132, contains a middle movement titled "Heiliger Dankgesang eines Genesenen an die Gottheit, in der lydischen Tonart" (A Convalescent's Holy Song of Thanksgiving to the Divinity, in the Lydian Mode), suggesting to some auditors that the entire work can be heard as a tonal evocation of sickness and recovery. Some might criticize Disney's animators for providing a pictorial interpretation of Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, but nobody can deny an extramusical association for Dukas's The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

text: Modern era[edit]

text: During the twentieth century, the increased influence of modernism and other anti-Romantic trends contributed to a decline in esteem for programme music, but audiences continued to enjoy such pieces as Arthur Honegger's depiction of a steam locomotive in Pacific 231. Indeed, Percy Grainger's incomplete orchestral fragment Train Music employs the same function. This music for large orchestra depicts a train moving in the mountains of Italy.

text: Opera and ballet[edit]

text: Music that is composed to accompany a ballet is often program music, even when presented separately as a concert piece. Aaron Copland was amused when a listener said that when she listened to Appalachian Spring she "could see the Appalachians and feel Spring," the title having been a last-minute thought, but it is certainly program music. Film Scores and the orchestration in operas are very often program music, and some film scores, such as Prokofiev's music for Alexander Nevsky, have even found a place in the classical concert repertoire.

text: Programmatic music and abstract imagery[edit]

text: A good deal of program music falls in between the realm of purely programmatic and purely absolute, with titles that clearly suggest an extramusical association, but no detailed story that can be followed and no musical passages that can be unequivocally identified with specific images. Examples would include Dvořák's Symphony No. 9, From the New World or Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, Eroica.

text: Popular music[edit]

text: Because the overwhelming majority of Western popular music is in song form, it would seem that most popular music is programmatic by nature: it has lyrics, therefore it is about something other than the music itself.

text: A common term for non-vocal popular music, and thus for practical purposes a term for absolute music in a popular context, is "instrumental" or "instrumental section".

text: While the debate is of interest to many, for practical purposes most scholars use the term "program music" in the narrower sense described above.

text: Motion picture soundtrack[edit]

text: Influenced by the late Romantic work of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Ottorino Respighi, Richard Strauss, and others, motion picture soundtrack took up the banner of programmatic music following the advent of "talkies." Many film composers, including Paul Smith, Ennio Morricone, and John Williams (whose Star Wars soundtrack in 1977 redefined the symphonic movie score) have followed the programmatic model and solidified motion picture soundtrack as its own programmatic genre. Music's power for pictorial suggestion may be said to have culminated in Walt Disney's 1940 film Fantasia. It was Disney, too, that gave us the term Mickey Mousing, used to describe scores that mimic too obviously the movements of nature. The music of Max Steiner, for instance, often lauded for its uncanny sound-image synchronization, has also been assailed for being too Mickey Mouse.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky depicts an imaginary tour of an art collection
Peer Gynt by Edvard Grieg was composed as incidental music to an Ibsen play but is often performed on its own
Mephisto Waltz no. 1 by Franz Liszt