document_title: Mayim Bialik

question_text: when does amy show up in the big bang theory

root

text: Mayim Bialik

text: Early life[edit]

text: Mayim Chaya Bialik[2] was born on December 12, 1975, in San Diego, California,[3] to Barry (d. 2015) and Beverly (née Winkleman) Bialik.[4][5][6] Three of her four grandparents emigrated from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.[7] Bialik was raised as a Reform Jew,[7] but now considers herself to be Orthodox Jewish.[8] Her personal name, Mayim, originates in a mispronunciation of Miriam, her great-grandmother's name.[9] It also means "water" in Hebrew.[10]

tag: p

text: Bialik attended Walter Reed Junior High School (now Walter Reed Middle School) and graduated from North Hollywood High School in North Hollywood, California, as part of the class of 1993.[11] At the end of Blossom, she attended UCLA, although she also had been accepted at both Harvard and Yale.[12][13] She stated that she wanted to stay close to her parents and did not want to move to the East Coast.

text: Bialik earned a B.S. degree in neuroscience, with minors in Hebrew and Jewish studies,[14][15] and went on to study for a doctorate in neuroscience. She took a break from studies in 2005 to return to acting.[16] Bialik returned to earn her Ph.D. in neuroscience from UCLA, in 2007.[17] Her dissertation was an investigation of hypothalamic activity in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome, entitled "Hypothalamic regulation in relation to maladaptive, obsessive-compulsive, affiliative and satiety behaviors in Prader–Willi syndrome."[2][18][19]

text: Acting career[edit]

text: Bialik started her career as a child actress in the late 1980s. Her early roles included the horror film Pumpkinhead (1988), her first acting job,[20] and guest appearances on The Facts of Life and Beauty and the Beast. In 1988-1989, she had a recurring role on the TV comedy Webster playing Frieda, Webster's classmate, in 8 episodes. It was for her Beauty and the Beast work, in which she played a sewer-dwelling girl named Ellie who had about 10 lines of dialogue, that Bialik obtained her Screen Actors Guild (SAG) card.[21] She appeared in three episodes of MacGyver as Lisa Woodman. She appeared in Beaches (1988), playing Bette Midler's character as a young girl. She also appeared in the video for the song "Liberian Girl" by Michael Jackson. In 1990, Bialik was tied to two television pilots, Fox's Molloy and NBC's Blossom. Molloy at first produced six episodes for a tryout run, followed by the shooting of the pilot special for Blossom. The latter actually aired two weeks before Bialik's Fox series and ultimately garnered higher ratings than the former. When Molloy folded after its six episodes, Blossom premiered as a mid-season replacement on January 3, 1991, and aired until May 22, 1995.[22]

text: Bialik had a major part in the Woody Allen comedy film Don't Drink the Water in 1994. On September 8, 1992, Bialik was a celebrity contestant guest in the episode "Disturbing The Heavenly Peace", the first episode of the second season of the game show Where In The World Is Carmen Sandiego?. Between 1995 and 2005, Bialik mostly did voice-over work for cartoons, such as The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, Disney's Recess and Kim Possible, Cartoon Network's Johnny Bravo, and Nickelodeon's Hey Arnold!. She appeared in the feature film Kalamazoo? (2005) and appeared in three episodes of the HBO comedy series Curb Your Enthusiasm as Jodi Funkhouser, the lesbian daughter of a friend of Larry David. Bialik also made guest appearances as a fictionalized version of herself in the series Fat Actress and made a guest appearance in an episode of Saving Grace.[23]

text: She had a recurring role as the high school guidance counselor in ABC Family's The Secret Life of the American Teenager. In 2009, Bialik was nominated by Clinton Kelly for a makeover on TLC's What Not To Wear.[24] She joined the cast of The Big Bang Theory as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler. Her first appearance was in the season 3 finale as a potential love interest for the character of Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons). In Season 4, she began as a recurring character playing Sheldon's "friend that's a girl, but not a girlfriend." Beginning with Season 4, Episode 8, she became part of the main cast.[25] Amy is a neurobiologist, which is a field related to Bialik's real-life academic career in neuroscience. Bialik's performance in The Big Bang Theory earned her Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Bialik was one of seven actresses who had a "quirky" personality to audition for the role.[26] Prior to her joining the cast, in the episode "The Bat Jar Conjecture", Raj suggests recruiting the real-life Bialik to their Physics Bowl team, saying "You know who's apparently very smart is the girl who played TV's Blossom. She got a Ph.D. in neuroscience or something." She is cast as one of the guest stars on the Steve Carell 2014 improvisational sketch show Riot.[27][28][29]

text: In August 2014, Bialik began hosting a revival of Candid Camera on TV Land alongside Peter Funt.[30] On March 6, 2012, her book, Beyond the Sling: A Real-Life Guide to Raising Confident, Loving Children the Attachment Parenting Way, was released.[31] Her most recent movie appearance was in a Lifetime Christmas movie, The Flight Before Christmas in 2015.[32]

text: Other works and writings[edit]

text: GrokNation[edit]

text: In August 2015, Bialik launched her own lifestyle website, GrokNation, which caters to women and includes wide-ranging topics such as religion, popular culture, parenting, and Hollywood. Bialik also mentioned in her interviews that her website's title was in reference to the classic 1961 sci-fi novel Stranger in a Strange Land and was derived from the word grok, which means to fully grasp something in the deepest way possible.[33][34][35]

text: Books[edit]

text: Bialik has written two books with pediatrician Jay Gordon and one by herself. Beyond the Sling[36][37] is about attachment parenting, while Mayim's Vegan Table contains over one hundred vegan recipes written by Bialik.[38][39] Her third book, called Girling Up, is about the struggles and ways in which girls grow up while showing the scientific ways in which their body change.

text: The New York Times Op-Ed[edit]

text: After the Harvey Weinstein sexual misconduct allegations surfaced, Bialik penned an op-ed in The New York Times, in which she described the entertainment industry as one "that profits on the exploitation of women ... [and] the objectification of women".[40] With regards to protecting herself from sexual harassment, Bialik wrote that she dressed modestly and didn't act flirtatiously with men, adding, "In a perfect world, women should be free to act however they want. But our world isn't perfect. Nothing – absolutely nothing – excuses men for assaulting or abusing women. But we can't be naïve about the culture we live in." Bialik's article drew immediate backlash from critics who said Bialik was insinuating that modesty and a conservative wardrobe can guard one against sexual assault, with Patricia Arquette tweeting, "I have to say I was dressed non provocatively at 12 walking home from school when men masturbated at me. It's not the clothes."[41] In response, Bialik stated she regretted that the piece "became what it became" and participated in a Facebook Live hosted by The New York Times to answer questions about the piece.[42]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Bialik married Michael Stone on August 31, 2003, in a Victorian-themed ceremony that included traditional Jewish wedding customs.[43] Stone was born into a Mormon family and converted to Judaism.[44][45] Bialik and Stone have two sons, Miles (b. 2005) and Frederick (b. 2008).[46] The couple divorced in November 2012.[47]

text: In 2010, Bialik returned to television so that she could spend more time with her children; "I'm glad that I completed my PhD and I'm very proud of it, but the life of a research professor would not have suited my needs in terms of what kind of parenting I wanted to do."[26] In addition, Bialik had explained that her "health insurance was running out", via the COBRA program. She had sought out SAG (Screen Actor Guild) health insurance for herself, and her two sons.[citation needed]

text: In a 2012 interview, Bialik said she sees herself as an "aspiring Modern Orthodox".[48] Bialik has also described herself as a "staunch Zionist".[7] She is a self-professed fan of The Maccabeats, an American Orthodox Jewish a cappella group based at Yeshiva University, and appeared with her two sons lighting the menorah in the group's 2011 Hanukkah music video.[49] During the 2014 Gaza Conflict, she donated money to the IDF for armored vests.[50] She has also appeared in several YouTube cameos as Blossom and Amy Farrah Fowler asking questions about Jewish beliefs.[51] The videos are produced by Allison Josephs, Bialik's Judaism study partner, whom she encountered with the help of Partners in Torah.[52] Bialik is a celebrity spokesperson for the Holistic Moms Network.[53]

text: In 2014, Bialik was awarded an honorary D.H.L. degree from Boston University.[54][55]

text: Bialik is a vegan[56] and a founding member of the Shamayim V'Aretz Institute, a Jewish organization that advocates for the ethical treatment of animals.[57]

text: She said on The Late Late Show with James Corden that she identified herself as a feminist.[58]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Film

Year
Title
Role
Notes

1988
Beaches
Young Cecilia "CC" Carol Bloom

1988
Pumpkinhead
Christine Wallace

1990
The Kingdom Chums: Original Top Ten
Petey
Voice

1994
Don't Drink the Water
Susan Hollander

2006
Kalamazoo?
Maggie Goldman

2011
Chicago 8, TheThe Chicago 8
Nancy Kurshan

2011
The Dog Who Saved Halloween
Medusa
Voice

2012
Scooby-Doo! Music of the Vampire
Maria
Voice

2015
The Flight Before Christmas
Stephanie Michelle Hunt

tag: table

text: Television[edit]

text:
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

1987
Beauty and the Beast
Ellie
Episode: "No Way Down"

1988
Facts of Life, TheThe Facts of Life
Jennifer Cole
Episodes: "The Beginning of the Beginning" and The Beginning of the End"

1988–89
Webster
Frieda
Recurring role (Season 6)

1989–90
Empty Nest
Laurie Kincaid
Episodes: "The R.N. Who Came to Dinner" and "Harry Knows Best"

1989–90
MacGyver
Lisa Woodman
Recurring role (Season 5)

1990
Doogie Howser, M.D.
Candace
Episode: "Ask Dr. Doogie"

1990
Molloy
Molloy Martin
Lead role

1990
Murphy Brown
Natalie
Episode: "I Want My FYI"

1990
The Earth Day Special
Herself
Television special

1990–95
Blossom
Blossom Russo
Lead role

1993
The Hidden Room
Jillie
Episode: "Jillie"

1994–95
John Larroquette Show, TheThe John Larroquette Show
Rachel
Episodes: "The Book of Rachel", "Rachel and Ton" and "Rachel Redux"

1995–96
Adventures of Hyperman, TheThe Adventures of Hyperman
Brittany Bright
Voice; Main role

1996; 1999
Hey Arnold!
Maria
Voice; Episodes: "6th Grade Girls/The Baseball" and "Dinner for Four/Phoebe Skips"

1996
Aaahh!!! Real Monsters
Cindy
Voice; Episode: "Wake Me When It's Over"

1996
Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, TheThe Real Adventures of Jonny Quest
Lucy / Julia
Voice; Episodes: "Assault on Questworld" and "The Alchemist"

1997; 2000
Recess
Kirsten Kurst
Voice; Episodes: "The Break-In", "The Girl Was Trouble" and "The Ratings Game"

1997
Johnny Bravo
Tour Guide
Voice; Episode: "Going Batty"

1997
Extreme Ghostbusters
Girl in Future
Voice; Episode: "Ghost Apocalyptic Future"

1998
Welcome to Paradox
Rita
Episode: "Alien Jane"

2001–02
Lloyd in Space
Mean Cindy
Voice; Recurring role (Season 1–2)

2003
7th Heaven
Cathy
Episode: "Dick"

2004
Kim Possible
Justine Flanner
Voice; Episode: "Partners"

2005
Katbot
Paula
Voice; Recurring role

2005
Fat Actress
Herself
Episode: "The Koi Effect" and "Holy Lesbo Batman"

2005; 2007
Curb Your Enthusiasm
Jodi Funkhauser
Episodes: "The Bowtie", "The Ida Funkhouser Roadside Memorial" and "The TiVo Guy"

2009
Saving Grace
Esther
Episode: "Mooooooooo"

2009
Bones
Genie Gormon
Episode: "The Cinderella in the Cardboard"

2009
'Til Death
Herself
Episodes: "The Break-Up", "Merit Play" and "Baby Steps"

2010
The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Dr. Wilameena Bink
Recurring role (Season 2–3)

2010
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Herself / Expert
Season 8

2010–present
Big Bang Theory, TheThe Big Bang Theory
Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler
Guest role (Season 3)
Main role (Season 4–present)

2014
Candid Camera
Host
Season 38

2014
Stan Lee's Mighty 7
Lady Lightning
Voice; Television film

2015
Blaze and the Monster Machines
Great Sphinx
Voice; Episode: "Race to the Top of the World"

2016
Star vs. the Forces of Evil
Willoughby
Voice; Episode: "Fetch"

2017
MasterChef Junior
Guest judge
Episode: "Batter Hurry Up"

text: Web[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2013
Untitled Web Series About a Space Traveler
Who Can Also Travel Through Time
B.O.O.T.H.
Voice; Episode: "Second Season Prequel"

2016
YidLife Crisis
Chaya
Episode: "The Double Date"

2017; 2018
Good Mythical Morning
Herself
Episodes: "What's On My Head?", "3 Monkeys Blindfold" and "Dissecting A Frog"

2018
The Super Slow Show
Herself
Episode: "Slow Learners"

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2003
X2: Wolverine's Revenge
Bush Pilot / May Deuce
Voice

text: Written works[edit]

text:
Bialik, Mayim (2007). Hypothalamic regulation in relation to maladaptive, obsessive-compulsive, affiliative, and satiety behaviors in Prader-Willi syndrome (Doctoral Dissertation). Los Angeles: UCLA Proquest. p. 285. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
Bialik, Mayim; Jay Gordon (Introduction) (2012). Beyond the Sling: A Real-Life Guide to Raising Confident, Loving Children the Attachment Parenting Way. Touchstone. ISBN 978-1451662184. [59]
Bialik, Mayim; Jay Gordon (2014). Mayim's Vegan Table: More Than 100 Great-Tasting and Healthy Recipes from My Family to Yours. Da Capo Lifelong Books. ISBN 978-0738217048. [60]
Bialik, Mayim (2017) Girling Up: How to be Strong, Smart and Spectacular. Philomel Books. ISBN 9780399548604.[61]

tag: ul

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

1988
Young Artist Award
Best Young Actress in a Motion Picture Comedy or Fantasy
Beaches
Won

1990
Young Artist Award
Best Young Actress Guest Starring in a Television Series
Empty Nest
Nominated

1992
Young Artist Award
Best Young Actress in a New Television Series
Blossom

1993
Young Artist Award
Outstanding Young Comedian in a Television Series

2012
Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
The Big Bang Theory

Online Film Critics Society
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

Screen Actors Guild Award
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
Nominated

Satellite Award
Best Supporting Actress - Series, Miniseries or Television Film

2013
Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Online Film Critics Society
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

Screen Actors Guild Award
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series

2014
Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Screen Actors Guild Award
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series

Online Film Critics Society
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Young Hollywood Awards
Best On-Screen Couple (with Jim Parsons)

TV Guide Awards
Favorite Duo (with Jim Parsons)

2015
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

2016
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

2018
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won


document_title: Incredibles 2

question_text: who is the voice of void in incredibles 2

text: Incredibles 2

text: Plot

text: Three months after defeating Syndrome, the Incredibles pursue the Underminer. Although the villain robs the Metroville Bank and escapes, they manage to stop his out-of-control drill from destroying Metroville's City Hall with help from Lucius Best. However, the amount of collateral damage caused by the incident prompts the government to shut down the Superhero Relocation Program, leaving the Parr family without financial assistance from the head of the program, Rick Dicker. After learning that Violet's date Tony Rydinger knows her superhero identity, Dicker has that part of his memory wiped. That night, Lucius informs Bob and Helen of an offer presented to him by Winston Deavor, a superhero fan and the owner of DevTech, a telecommunications corporation. Winston and his sister Evelyn, the genius inventor behind DevTech technology, propose a publicity stunt to regain the public's trust in Supers.

text: Helen is chosen to spearhead the stunt under her old identity, Elastigirl. Winston provides the Parr family with a new home, and Bob offers to look after the kids while Helen is away. Bob struggles with his new role of a stay-at-home parent: Dash is having trouble with math and Violet becomes withdrawn after learning that Tony had his memory wiped by Dicker. Jack-Jack also displays his various superpowers in an uncontrollable manner, requiring him to be temporarily babysat by Edna Mode, who develops a suit designed to help control his abilities. Meanwhile, whilst on her missions in the city of New Urbem, Elastigirl confronts the Screenslaver, a mysterious supervillain who projects hypnotic images using television screens. She eventually tracks down and captures the villain, who, when unmasked, is revealed to be a pizza delivery man with no recollection of his actions.

text: At a DevTech party celebrating the Screenslaver's defeat, Winston announces a summit with leaders of various countries to legalize Supers once again, to be hosted on a luxury hydrofoil at sea. Unsettled by the ease with which she captured the Screenslaver, Elastigirl investigates further and realizes that the Screenslaver was being controlled by screens within his goggles. Before she can alert anyone, Evelyn forces the goggles onto her, revealing herself to be the mastermind behind the Screenslaver. Evelyn reveals that her hatred for Supers stems from the murder of her father, who was shot by house burglars while trying unsuccessfully to contact his associate, Gazerbeam. Evelyn plans to use the Supers to sabotage her brother's summit and cause a catastrophe that will tarnish the reputation of Supers. Using a hypnotized Elastigirl, she lures Mr. Incredible into a trap, then sends other hypnotized Supers invited to the event to subdue the Parr children. Frozone arrives at the house to protect the children, but is overwhelmed and placed under Evelyn's control as well.

text: Violet, Dash, and Jack-Jack escape with the help of the Incredibile, a high-tech car once owned by Bob during his time as Mr. Incredible, and reach the Deavors' ship. On board, the hypnotized Mr. Incredible, Elastigirl, and Frozone recite a vindictive manifesto on air to paint Supers as a menace. They subdue the ship's crew members and aim the high-speed ship at Municiberg before destroying the controls. When the Parr children find them, Jack-Jack telekinetically removes the goggles from Elastigirl, who in turn frees Mr. Incredible and Frozone. A battle ensues on the ship in which the Incredibles and Frozone release all the other mind-controlled Supers by destroying their goggles. With Mr. Incredible swimming underwater to turn the rudder and Frozone creating layers of ice, they manage to slow the ship enough to prevent it from crashing into the city. Evelyn tries to escape in a jet but is captured by Elastigirl. Following the incident, Evelyn is arrested, and Supers around the world regain full legal status.

text: Sometime later, Tony accompanies Violet and her family to see a movie. Outside the theater, the Parrs spot a high-speed pursuit between police and gunmen. Violet leaves Tony at the theater and promises to be back in time for the movie, before the Parrs don their masks, ready to give chase in a refurbished Incredibile.

text: Voice cast

text:
Craig T. Nelson as Bob Parr / Mr. Incredible, who possesses super strength and limited invulnerability.[5]
Holly Hunter as Helen Parr / Elastigirl, who has the ability to stretch her body into many shapes and forms.[6]
Sarah Vowell as Violet Parr, the family's daughter and first child, who can become invisible and project force fields for limited lengths of time.[5]
Huckleberry Milner as Dashiell "Dash" Parr, the family's troublemaker first son, who has superhuman speed. He was previously voiced by Spencer Fox in the first film.[5]
Eli Fucile as Jack-Jack Parr, the infant son of Bob and Helen who has a large assortment of powers.
Nicholas Bird provides the vocal effects of Jack-Jack's monster form.
Samuel L. Jackson as Lucius Best / Frozone, Bob's best friend, who has the ability to form ice from humidity.[7]
Bob Odenkirk as Winston Deavor, a superhero fan who leads a telecommunications company with his sister Evelyn, and wants to bring back superheroes by revamping the public's perception of them.[8][9][10]
Catherine Keener as Evelyn Deavor, Winston's younger sister, the mastermind behind the Screenslaver, and a technological genius who has never encountered a problem she could not solve.[8][9][10]
Bill Wise as a pizza delivery man converted into a villain by the real "Screenslaver", who hijacks screens to project hypnotic images in order to hypnotize civilians.[11][12]
Brad Bird as Edna Mode, a fashion designer for superheroes and a close friend of the Parrs.[5]
Jonathan Banks as Rick Dicker, a government agent responsible for helping the Parrs stay undercover and unremarkable. When his department is shut down, the Parrs are left to their own devices. He was previously voiced by Bud Luckey in the first film, who died in 2018 and to whom the film is dedicated.[9][10]
Michael Bird as Tony Rydinger, Violet's love interest.[12]
Sophia Bush as Karen / Voyd, a young Elastigirl fan who aspires to be a true superhero, with the power to create wormholes.[9][10]
Phil LaMarr as Krushauer and He-Lectrix, two Supers who, alongside Voyd, aspire to be true superheroes. Krushauer has the power of telekinesis while Helectrix has the power of controlling and projecting electrical currents.[13]
Paul Eiding as Gus Burns / Reflux, an elderly Super who aspires to be a true superhero, with the power of heaving hot lava.[13]
Isabella Rossellini as The Ambassador, a dignified foreign official committed to the support and legalization of superheroes.[9][14]
John Ratzenberger as The Underminer, a mole-like supervillain who seeks to bring war and destruction to the world.[13]
Barry Bostwick as Mayor
Jere Burns as Detective #1
Adam Rodriguez as Detective #2
Kimberly Adair Clark as Honey Best, Frozone's wife.[12]
Usher as Lucius Best's valet[15]

text: Production

text: Development

text: Following The Incredibles, Brad Bird directed his next film for Pixar, Ratatouille, which was released in June 2007. Near its premiere, Bird said he was open to an idea of a sequel to The Incredibles, but only if it could be even better than the original. He stated, "I have pieces that I think are good, but I don't have them all together."[16]

text: In a May 2013 interview, Bird reiterated his interest in a sequel: "I have been thinking about it. People think that I have not been, but I have—because I love those characters, and love that world." He added: "I am stroking my chin and scratching my head. I have many, many elements that I think would work really well in another Incredibles film, and if I can get 'em to click all together, I would probably wanna do that."[17] While publicizing the first film, Bird had already conceptualized the eventual approach where Bob and Helen would switch roles, and Jack-Jack would develop multiple powers as yet unknown to the family.[18]

text: At the Disney shareholder meeting in March 2014, Disney CEO and chairman Bob Iger confirmed that Pixar was working on an Incredibles sequel, and that Bird would return as writer.[19] Bird started the script around April 2015,[20] and said that the Incredibles sequel would be his next film after Tomorrowland.[21]

text: One challenge in writing Incredibles 2 was how to deal with the large number of superhero films and television series that had been released since the first film, such as the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[22] To try to differentiate the sequel, Bird wanted to avoid tropes related to the superhero genre: "I don't think that kind of idea stays interesting for very long. For me, the interesting thing was never the superhero part of it. It was more the family dynamic, and how do superhero things play into that."[23] He said he wanted to include some unused ideas that "didn't fit" in the first film,[24][25] and that the new story would focus on Helen Parr / Elastigirl.[26] Even though the sequel was released fourteen years after the first, Bird did not want to use a narrative element like a timeskip or to come up with new characters, and instead continued from where the first film left off. This allowed him to keep characters with the same superpowers and not have to develop new ones, nor did he need to figure out how to deal with Violet and Dash being adults. This also allowed him to keep Jack-Jack as an infant with a variable array of powers, which Bird likened to how infants are able to understand numerous languages.[27] The film was produced with a production budget of $200 million.[28][29]

text: One advantage that Pixar had with Incredibles 2 was the advancement of technology the company had seen since the original film and a team of much more experienced animators. Producer John Walker said, "I think that one of the things that excited Brad and Ralph Eggleston, the production designer, was the fact that the technology existed now to finally realize the designs in the way that they had hoped to realize them in 2004. There were no notions of, 'Well, we don’t know how to do long hair, we don't know how to do humans, we don't know how to do muscles.' Everybody knows how to do it. It's just now about doing it quickly."[30] Because Pixar no longer used the same systems from the first movie, all the characters had to be created from scratch on the computer again. The studio also used physically-based human eye models for the characters for the first time, even if the eyes are larger and more stylized than in real humans.[31]

text: Casting

text: Pixar announced in November 2016 that both Holly Hunter and Samuel L. Jackson would return to reprise their roles,[6][7] and at the July 2017 D23 Expo that both Craig T. Nelson and Sarah Vowell would also return with them. Spencer Fox, the original voice of Dashiell "Dash" Parr, was replaced in the sequel by younger newcomer Huckleberry Milner.[5] Also that July, Brad Bird and John Ratzenberger were confirmed as reprising their characters from the first film.[26][8]

text: In November 2017, Pixar announced that Bob Odenkirk and Catherine Keener had been signed to the cast,[8] but did not disclose their roles as new characters Winston and Evelyn Deavor until a later date.[citation needed] In January 2018, it was announced that Sophia Bush and Isabella Rossellini would voice new characters Voyd and The Ambassador, while Jonathan Banks would voice Rick Dicker after the character's original voice actor Bud Luckey retired in 2014;[9][10] after his death in 2018, the film was dedicated to Luckey's memory.[32]

text: Music

text: In 2015, Bird confirmed that Michael Giacchino would return to compose the score.[33] Giacchino began work on it around May 2017.[34]

text: The soundtrack album was released on June 15, 2018. In addition to the film's score, it includes the vocalized theme songs for Mr. Incredible, Frozone, and Elastigirl heard in the credits, as well as bonus versions of the songs sung by Disney's a cappella group, DCappella, and the latter's version of the track "The Glory Days" from the first film.[35]

text: Track listing

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino, except where noted.

text: showIncredibles 2: Original Motion Picture SoundtrackNo.TitleLength1."Episode 2"0:502."A Tony Perspective"2:083."Consider Yourselves Undermined!"5:124."A Matter of Perception"1:505."Diggin' the New Digs"1:426."This Ain't My Super-Suit?"0:577."Elastigirl Is Back"1:008."Train of Taut"3:179."Rocky vs. Jack-Jack"1:5810."Ambassador Ambush"2:2911."Hero Worship"1:0812."Searching for a Screenslaver"4:4013."Super Legal Again"0:4214."Renouncing the Renunciation"1:3815."World's Worst Babysitters"1:3316."Helen of Ploy"0:5517."A Dash of Reality"2:0318."Hydrofoiled Again"3:5119."Jack Splat"1:3020."A Bridge Too Parr"4:1721."Together Forever and Deavor"1:4522."Elastigirl's Got a Plane to Catch"3:0023."Looks like I Picked the Wrong Week to Quit Oxygen"1:5924."Happily After-Deavor"1:1525."Out and a Bout"0:3626."Incredits 2"9:5127."Here Comes Elastigirl – Elastigirl's Theme"1:2328."Chill or Be Chilled – Frozone's Theme"1:4029."Pow! Pow! Pow! – Mr. Incredible's Theme"1:3130."Devtchno!"1:5331."Chad Tonight Talk Show Theme" (written by Daniel Farid, Grace Giacchino and Michael Giacchino)0:0532."Chad Tonight Newscast Bumper" (written by Daniel Farid, Grace Giacchino and Michael Giacchino)0:0633."Here Comes Elastigirl – Elastigirl's Theme (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:2034."Chill or Be Chilled – Frozone's Theme (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:3635."Pow! Pow! Pow! – Mr. Incredible's Theme (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:3136."The Glory Days (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:39Total length:1:14:50

text: Release

text: The official premiere of Incredibles 2 took place in Los Angeles on June 5, 2018.[36][37] It was theatrically released in the United States on June 15, 2018,[38] including an IMAX release as part of Disney's new distribution deal with IMAX, but only in 2D.[39] It is accompanied by Pixar's short film Bao.[40] The film's release was originally scheduled for June 21, 2019, but the date was moved forward after Pixar handed the 2019 release date over to Toy Story 4, after its production fell behind schedule.[38]

text: Marketing

text: A 53-second teaser trailer premiered on November 18, 2017 during ESPN's broadcast of College GameDay. It received 113 million views in its first 24 hours, becoming the most viewed trailer for an animated film, and the 7th most-viewed trailer overall.[41] A new sneak peek premiered during the 2018 Winter Olympics on February 14.[42] On April 13, a new trailer was released.[43]

text: Merchandise

text: An Incredibles 2 graphic novel and comic miniseries was published by Dark Horse Comics in 2018. The graphic novel, titled Incredibles 2: Heroes at Home, was written by Liz Marsham and illustrated by Nicoletta Baldari. A comic miniseries, titled Incredibles 2: Crisis in Mid-Life! & Other Stories, was written by Christos Gage and Landry Walker, and illustrated by Gurihiru, J. Bone, Andrea Greppi and Roberta Zanotta.[44][45][46]

text: In May 2018, a prose novel was released entitled Incredibles 2: A Real Stretch: An Elastigirl Prequel Story, which focuses on the life of the character Elastigirl before the events of the first film.

text: A Lego video game adaptation of both films was released on the same day as Incredibles 2.[47]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: As of  August 12, 2018[update], Incredibles 2 has grossed $589.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $498.6 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $1.088 billion.[4]

text: On July 1, 2018, the film passed $648 million at the worldwide box office, surpassing the $633 million the original film made in its entire theatrical run.[48] It is currently the ninth highest-grossing film of all-time domestically and the highest-grossing animated film domestically.[49][50] The film crossed the $1 billion mark on July 30, 2018, becoming the seventh animated film and the 36th film of all-time to reach the milestone. It was also the fifth animated Disney film, the third Pixar film, and Disney's 18th film overall to gross $1 billion worldwide, as well as the fastest animated film to gross $1 billion, doing so in 46 days, surpassing Minions (49 days).[51] On August 12, the film surpassed Toy Story 3 ($1.067 billion) to become the highest-grossing Pixar film worldwide.[52]

text: United States and Canada

text: In April 2018, early box office projections had Incredibles 2 grossing $110 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada.[53] In May 2018, a month before the film's release, tracking revised to an opening weekend of $140 million or more.[54] A week prior to the film's opening, Fandango reported that pre-sale of tickets for the film had exceeded that of previous mid-year blockbusters Finding Dory, Wonder Woman, Spider-Man: Homecoming and Suicide Squad at the same point in their release cycles.[55] By the week of its release, opening weekend projections had reached upwards of $150 million.[56] A day before release, it became Fandango's top pre-selling animated film of all-time, outselling the previous record-holder, Finding Dory.[57]

text: The film grossed $18.5 million from Thursday night previews, increasing weekend projections to as high as $174 million. The previews set the record for an animated film, doubling Finding Dory's $9.2 million, and were higher than the likes of fellow superhero films Spider-Man: Homecoming, Thor: Ragnarok and Justice League. It made $71.6 million on its first day, including previews, the best-ever for an animated film (besting Dory's $54.7 million by 31%) and 14th highest all-time. It went on to debut to $182.7 million, the eighth best opening of all-time, far ahead of Finding Dory's animated record of $135.1 million and more than the entire lifetime gross of Pixar's A Bug's Life ($162.8 million), Cars 3 ($152.9 million) and The Good Dinosaur ($123.1 million).[58][59]

text: The film set animated records for its Monday and Tuesday grosses, making $23.9 million (beating the $23.4 million made by Shrek 2 in May 2004)[60] and $27.1 million (beating Finding Dory's $23.1 million), respectively. Its Tuesday gross also set a June record, topping Jurassic World ($24.3 million in 2015).[61] By Thursday, its seventh day of release, the film had grossed $269.4 million, topping the entire lifetime domestic gross of the original, not accounting for inflation ($261.4 million). In its second weekend the film dropped 56% to $80.9 million, finishing second behind newcomer Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom ($148 million), marking the first time two films opened to over $100 million in back-to-back weekends.[62] It remained in second place in its third and fourth weekends, grossing $45.5 million and $29 million, respectively.[48] On July 7, its 23rd day of release, the film crossed $495 million, passing Finding Dory to become the highest-grossing animated film and Pixar's highest-grossing film of all-time domestically,[63] and the following day became the first animated film to gross over $500 million domestically.[64]

text: Internationally

text: Outside North America, the film made $51.5 million from 25 countries in its opening weekend, for a global debut of $231.5 million. Mexico was the largest debut with $12.3 million, followed by Australia ($7.7 million) and Russia ($5.4 million).[65] In its second weekend of release the film made $58.6 million from 28 countries, bringing its two-week total to $134.7 million. Its largest market was China where it made $21.2 million, the best ever opening for a Pixar film in the country. It was also released in India where it made $3.3 million.[66] In the United Kingdom, the film grossed $12.6 million in its opening weekend, the second biggest opening for Pixar after Toy Story 3.[67][68] The biggest markets in terms of total earnings are China ($53.5 million), followed by the UK ($52.2 million), Mexico ($37.2 million), Brazil ($35 million), and Australia ($33.1 million).[69]

text: Critical response

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 94% based on 277 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Incredibles 2 reunites Pixar's family crimefighting team for a long-awaited follow-up that may not quite live up to the original, but comes close enough to earn its name."[70] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 80 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[71] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, the same score as the first film, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 93% overall positive score and an 83% "definite recommend".[58]

text: Robert Abele of TheWrap praised the film, saying: "Whatever the opposite of phoning in a sequel is, that's Brad Bird's progressive-minded, thunderously fun mix of super saves, throwback aesthetics and family comedy."[72] A.A. Dowd, writing for The A.V. Club, felt it was "A sparkling contraption of an animated comedy, funny and often wondrous in its midcentury-modern vision of an alternate America frozen in the amber of a bygone idealism."[73] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "B+", saying: "When the Parrs are pushed out of their comfort zone, Bird settles into his... [after] inciting a Spielberg-level monorail chase that reaffirms Bird's lucid gift for kinetic and character-driven action filmmaking, the movie blasts off and never looks back."[74] Stephanie Zacharek from Time considered it "bold [and] rapturously entertaining,"[75] while David Sims at The Atlantic dubbed it "dazzling, thought-provoking, and sometimes overwhelming in terms of plotting."[76]

text: Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film "fun but far from incredible" and wrote "It's true that the Toy Story films, all three of which are fantastic, did variations on the same theme of a toy's obsolescence, but as movies they kept the emotions close to the surface. In Incredibles 2, we never get that rush of feeling."[77] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, "Incredibles 2 is content to punch the clock and stick to straight, bombastic action mode. In that mode, composer Giacchino's music is the most successful element, running nimble, beautifully orchestrated variations on themes that feel familiar in the best ways while retaining their spark. The animation is bright and visually dynamic. The script, well … if the title were Satisfactories 2, it'd be about right."[78] Alex Hudson of Exclaim! praised the film's action sequences, but criticized the lack of original story, saying "This is a by-the-numbers redux of the first Incredibles movie — it's fun to watch, but it's too predictable to be truly gripping."[79] Ty Burr for The Boston Globe called it a "clattery, unfocused affair that at times is more irritating than fun."[80]

text: Accolades

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

Teen Choice Awards

August 12, 2018

Choice Summer Movie

Incredibles 2

Won

[81]

text: Epilepsy issues

text: Many disability advocates, including the Epilepsy Foundation, have raised concerns that scenes with flashing lights, particularly the scene of Elastigirl's fight with the Screenslaver, can trigger seizures in viewers affected by photosensitive epilepsy.[82][83][84] As a result, several theaters have started posting warnings for audiences.[85] Disney issued a statement to USA Today stating that they appreciated the efforts the theaters had already made in making signs warning people seeing the movie. They then asked theaters to warn audiences about the scene in a memo that read, "Incredibles 2 contains a sequence of flashing lights, which may affect customers who are susceptible to photosensitive epilepsy or other photosensitivities."[86]

text: In response to this, the UK released a re-edited version[87] of the film with all affected sequences altered so that any flashing lights and strobe effects now pass the Harding test.[88]

text: Future

text: Following the release of Incredibles 2, director Brad Bird acknowledged that the film's truncated production schedule resulted in many plotlines and ideas he had for the film being cut from the final version. He cited Pixar's decision in October 2016 to swap the release dates of Toy Story 4 and Incredibles 2, which meant that Bird’s film lost a full year of production. Bird stated that the lingering plotlines could lead to a third installment, just as they did with the second. "There were a lot of ideas that we had on this film that could be [used]... whether it's another Incredibles film, or something else." Cast members including Samuel L. Jackson and Sophia Bush have expressed interest in reprising their roles. Producer John Walker would not "rule [a third film] out".[89]


document_title: Grammy Award records

question_text: who has won the most amount of grammys

question_tokens: who has won the most amount of grammys

text: Grammy Award records

text: Awards[edit]

text: Most Grammys won[edit]

text: The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]

text:
Rank

Artist

Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

Alison Krauss

4
Pierre Boulez
26

5
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

7
John Williams
24

8
U2
22

Chick Corea

Beyoncé

11
Jay-Z
21

Kanye West

Vince Gill

14
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

Al Schmitt

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist[edit]

text: Georg Solti has won a total of 31 Grammy Awards.

text:
Rank

Artist

Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

3
Pierre Boulez
26

4
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

6
John Williams
24

7
Chick Corea
22

8
Kanye West
21

Vince Gill

Jay Z

11
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Al Schmitt

Bruce Springsteen

15
Tony Bennett
18

Jimmy Sturr

Yo-Yo Ma

Paul McCartney

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist[edit]

text: Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards.[3]

text:
Rank

Artist

Awards

1
Alison Krauss[note 1]
27

2
Beyoncé[note 2]
22

3
Aretha Franklin
18

4
Adele
15

Alicia Keys

6
Ella Fitzgerald
13

Emmylou Harris

Leontyne Price

9
CeCe Winans
12

10
Shirley Caesar
11

11
Chaka Khan
10

Bonnie Raitt

Linda Ronstadt

Taylor Swift

15
Mary J. Blige
9

Natalie Cole

Sheryl Crow

Norah Jones

Rihanna

Hillary Scott[note 3]

text: Most Grammys won by a group[edit]

text: U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards.

text:
Rank

Artists

Awards

1
U2
22

2
Alison Krauss and Union Station
14

3
Dixie Chicks
13

4
Foo Fighters
12

5
Pat Metheny Group
10

6
The Manhattan Transfer
9

The Beatles

Emerson String Quartet

Asleep At The Wheel

10
Blackwood Brothers
8

Metallica

Santana

Take 6

14
Coldplay
7

Kentucky Thunder

Lady Antebellum

Simon & Garfunkel

Los Tigres del Norte

text: Most Grammys won by a producer[edit]

text: Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were awarded for production duties. Jones also received Grammys as an arranger and a performing artist). Some producers have also won awards as engineers, mixers and/or mastering engineers.

text:
Rank

Producer

Awards

1
Quincy Jones
27

2
Kanye West
21

3
David Foster
16

James Mallinson

David Frost

6
Steven Epstein
15

7
Phil Ramone
14

8
T Bone Burnett
13

Robert Woods

Jay David Saks

11
Arif Mardin
11

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer[edit]

text: Al Schmitt, with 20 awards, has won more Grammy Awards than any other engineer or mixer.

text: Youngest winners[edit]

text: The Peasall Sisters are the youngest Grammy winners, when they were credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, which won Album of the Year in 2002.[4] LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997.  She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.

text:
Rank

Age

Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
9 years
Hannah Peasall

3
13 years
Sarah Peasall

4
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

5
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

6
17 years, 81 days
Lorde

7
18 years, 105 days
Daya

8
18 years, 123 days
Monica

9
19 years, 67 days
Christina Aguilera

10
19 years, 112 days
LaTavia Roberson

text: Youngest artists to win Album of the Year[edit]

text: Taylor Swift is the youngest artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album Fearless.

text:
Rank

Age

Artist

1
20 years, 49 days
Taylor Swift

2
21 years, 242 days
Alanis Morissette

3
22 years, 18 days
Barbra Streisand

4
23 years, 274 days
Lauryn Hill

5
23 years, 283 days
Adele

6
23 years, 293 days
Stevie Wonder

7
23 years, 330 days
Norah Jones

text: Oldest winners[edit]

text: Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for Joined At The Hip at 97 years of age.

text:
Rank

Age

Artist

1
97 years, 221 days
Pinetop Perkins

2
95 years, 31 days
George Burns

3
91 years, 137 days
Jimmy Carter

4
90 years, 52 days
Elizabeth Cotten

5
90 years, 26 days
Betty White

text: Note: Sources vary on the birth year of Elizabeth Cotten, with some stating it as 1893, while others say 1895. The above information credits it as 1895. With either year, Cotten is the oldest female Grammy winner.

text: Most honored albums[edit]

text: Santana's Supernatural and U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb hold the record for most honoured album having won nine awards. Supernatural won nine awards in 2000 and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb won three awards in 2005 and won a further six in 2006 giving it a total of nine awards.

text:
Rank

Albums and artists

Awards

1

How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb — U2

9

Supernatural — Santana

3

Come Away With Me — Norah Jones

8

Genius Loves Company — Ray Charles

Thriller — Michael Jackson

6

All That You Can't Leave Behind — U2

7

Back on the Block — Quincy Jones

21 — Adele

9

24K Magic — Bruno Mars

6

Back To Black — Amy Winehouse

The Blueprint 3 — Jay Z

Bridge Over Troubled Water — Simon & Garfunkel

Raising Sand — Robert Plant & Alison Krauss

The Return of Roger Miller — Roger Miller

Taking the Long Way — Dixie Chicks

To Pimp a Butterfly — Kendrick Lamar

Toto IV — Toto

Unforgettable... with Love — Natalie Cole

Unplugged — Eric Clapton

text: Most Album of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most Album of the Year wins is four.

text: Tom Coyne, mastering engineer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)

text: Three recording artists, four record producers, two mastering engineers and three engineer/mixers have won the award three times.

text:
Frank Sinatra, artist — Come Dance with Me! (1960), September of My Years (1966), A Man and His Music (1967)
Stevie Wonder, artist — Innervisions (1974), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1975), Songs in the Key of Life (1977)
Paul Simon, artist — Bridge over Troubled Water (1971), Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), Graceland (1987)
David Foster, producer — Unforgettable… with Love (1992), The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album (1994), Falling into You (1997)
Phil Ramone, producer — Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), 52nd Street (1980), Genius Loves Company (2005)
Daniel Lanois, producer — The Joshua Tree (1988), Time Out of Mind (1998), How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2006)
Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer — Babel (2013), Random Access Memories (2014), Morning Phase (2015)
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer — 21 (2012), Morning Phase (2015), 25 (2017)
Ryan Tedder, producer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)
Serban Ghenea, engineer/mixer — 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)
John Hanes, engineer/mixer — 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)

text: Most Record of the Year wins[edit]

text: Tom Coyne won Record of the Year four consecutive times as a mastering engineer.

text: Most Grammys won for consecutive albums[edit]

text: Pat Metheny and his band the Pat Metheny Group have won 20 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums.[5] Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:

text:
Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000, 2013)
Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Best New Age Album (2004, 2012)

text: Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category[edit]

text: Aretha Franklin holds the record for winning the most consecutive Grammys in the same category. She won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance every year from 1968 to 1975, for an eight-year winning streak. She also won in this category in 1982, 1986, and 1988, giving her 11 wins in the category.

text: After Franklin, Jimmy Sturr, Bill Cosby and John Williams are tied for second place for consecutive Grammy wins in the same category:

text: Sturr won six years in a row between 1987 and 1992 for Best Polka Album. He also won for three runs of four consecutive years (1996–1999, 2001–2004, and 2006–2009.) He won 18 out of the 24 Best Polka Album Grammys that were awarded since that category was added in 1985. The award was discontinued in 2009.

text: Cosby won six years in a row between 1965 and 1970 for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

text: Williams won six years in a row between 1978 and 1983 for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.

text: Lenny Kravitz won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance award four years in a row (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).

text: Tom Coyne won Record of the Year four years in a row (2015–2018).

text: Artists who have won all four General Field awards[edit]

text: There have been only two artists who have won all four General Field awards. In 1981, Christopher Cross won Record, Album and Song of the Year as well as Best New Artist.[6] Adele is the second artist to win all four, and the first female to do so. In 2009, she won Best New Artist and in 2012 and 2017, she won Record, Album and Song of the Year.

text: Single ceremony[edit]

text: Most Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: The Record for Most Grammys won in one night is eight. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000.[7]

text:
Rank

Artist(s)

Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

Santana (2000)

3
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Paul Simon (1971)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Beyoncé (2010)

Adele (2012)

Bruno Mars (2018)

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson won eight in 1984.

text:
Rank

Artist(s)

Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

2
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Paul Simon (1971)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Bruno Mars (2018)

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night[edit]

text: The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively.

text:
Rank

Artist

Awards

1
Beyoncé (2010)
6

Adele (2012)

3
Lauryn Hill (1999)
5

Alicia Keys (2002)

Norah Jones (2003)

Beyoncé (2004)

Amy Winehouse (2008)

Alison Krauss (2009)

Adele (2017)

text: Most Grammys won by a group in one night[edit]

text: In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text:
Rank

Artists

Awards

1
Santana (2000)
8

2
Simon & Garfunkel (1971)
5

U2 (2006)

Dixie Chicks (2007)

Lady Antebellum (2011)

Foo Fighters (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night[edit]

text: The record for most awards won by a producer in one night is five. Rick Rubin won five awards in 2007 including Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks, Best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as Producer of the Year, Non Classical.

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night[edit]

text: The most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night is six. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, Tom Elmhirst won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Engineered Album Non Classical, Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Album for his work on Adele's '25', David Bowie's 'Blackstar' and Cage The Elephant's 'Tell Me I'm Pretty'.

text: Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony[edit]

text: Christopher Cross (1981) received all four General Field awards in one night. Cross won the Record of the Year ("Sailing"), Album of the Year ("Christopher Cross"), Song of the Year ("Sailing"), and Best New Artist Grammys in a single ceremony.[8]

text: Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night[edit]

text: The three biggest Grammy Awards are Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Song of the Year. Seven artists have won all three in one night. Adele is the only artist in Grammy history to accomplish this twice.

text:
Year

Artist

1971
Paul Simon

1972
Carole King

1981
Christopher Cross

1993
Eric Clapton

2007
Dixie Chicks

2012
Adele

2017

2018
Bruno Mars

text: Most Grammys won by an album in one night[edit]

text: The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's Supernatural was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text: Most posthumous Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album of the Year.

text: Nominations[edit]

text: Most Grammy nominations[edit]

text: Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79.[9][10]

text:
Rank

Artist

Nominations

1

Quincy Jones

79

2

Paul McCartney[note 4]

78

3

Georg Solti

74

Stevie Wonder

Jay Z

6

Henry Mancini

72

7

Kanye West

68

8

Pierre Boulez

67

John Williams

10

Chick Corea

64

11

Leonard Bernstein

63

Beyoncé[note 5]

13

Jay David Saks

53

14

Thomas Z. Shepard

50

Bruce Springsteen

16

Willie Nelson

49

James Mallinson

Babyface

text: Most nominations in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson holds the record for most Grammy nominations in one night with 12 nominations.

text:
Rank

Artist

Nominations

Year

1
Michael Jackson
12
1984

2
Kendrick Lamar
11
2016

3
Lauryn Hill
10
1999

Kanye West
2005

Beyoncé
2010

Eminem
2011

7
Roger Miller
9
1966

Paul McCartney
1966

The Manhattan Transfer
1986

Jay Z
2014

Beyoncé
2017

text: Most nominations without winning[edit]

text: The record for most Grammy nominations without a win is 24, held by Morten Lindberg.

text:
Rank

Artist

Nominations

1
Morten Lindberg
24

2
Snoop Dogg
17

Brian McKnight

4
Joe Satriani
15

5
Toshiko Akiyoshi
14

Martina McBride

Dierks Bentley

Björk

9
Katy Perry
13

Nas

Spyro Gyra

Musiq Soulchild

13
Diana Ross
12

Alan Parsons

Busta Rhymes

Ledisi

Lenny Gomulka

Fred Hersch

Keith Jarrett

text: Most nominations in one night without winning[edit]

text:
Rank

Artist

Nominations

1
Paul McCartney (1966)

9

2
Kanye West (2017)
8

Rihanna (2017)

Jay-Z (2018)

5
Stevie Wonder (1983)
7

India.Arie (2002)

Kendrick Lamar (2014)

8
Henry Mancini (1959)
6

Thomas Z. Shepard (1970)

Mariah Carey (1996)

50 Cent (2006)

Bruno Mars (2012)

13
Robert M. Jones (1961)
5

Elvis Presley (1961)

Frank Sinatra (1961)

James Taylor (1971)

Eugene Ormandy (1971)

Paul McCartney (1983)

Sting (1986)

Jay David Saks (1986)

Leonard Bernstein (1989)

Joan Osborne (1996)

Avril Lavigne (2003)

50 Cent (2004)

Alicia Keys (2006)

Gwen Stefani (2006)

Prince (2007)

James Blunt (2007)

Jazmine Sullivan (2009)

B.o.B (2011)

Lil Wayne (2012)

Drake (2014, 2016)

Khalid (2018)

No I.D. (2018)

SZA (2018)

text: Grammy nominations in the most fields[edit]

text:
Rank

Artist

Number

Fields

1

Quincy Jones

15

Spoken word, arranging, music video/film, jazz, pop, rap, general field, r&b, children's, musical theatre, disco, composition, gospel/contemporary christian music, music for visual media and production, non-classical

2

Paul McCartney

11

General field, pop, arranging, rock, traditional, music for visual media, music video/film, spoken word, historical, alternative music and rap

3

David Foster

10

R&b, arranging, composition, music for visual media, production, music video/film, pop, traditional, musical theatre and general field

Bob Dylan

Country, general field, gospel/contemporary christian music, rock, music video/film, music for visual media, folk pop, american roots, and traditional

5

Jack White

9

Rock, general field, alternative, country, pop, package, music video/film, american roots and engineered album

Béla Fleck

Country, pop, jazz, american roots, world music, classical, folk, spoken word, composition and arranging

Janet Jackson

General field, pop, r&b, rock, arranging, rap, music video/film, dance and production, non-classical

8

Cyndi Lauper

8

Rock, pop, general field, music video/film, disco, arranging, american roots and musical theatre

Prince

General field, pop, r&b, rock, engineered album, music video/film, music for visual media and production, non-classical

Michael Jackson

General field, pop, r&b, rock, disco, children's, music video/film and production, non-classical

Danger Mouse

General field, pop, r&b, rock, rap, alternative, music video/film and production, non-classical

Herbie Hancock

General field, pop, r&b, rock, jazz, music video/film, music for visual media and composition

Lionel Richie

General field, pop, r&b, music for visual media, dance, arranging, gospel/contemporary christian music and production, non-classical

Justin Timberlake

General field, pop, r&b, country, rap, music for visual media, dance and music video/film

Stevie Wonder

General field, pop, r&b, arranging, composition, music for visual media, music video/film and production, non-classical

Beyoncé

General field, pop, r&b, rock, rap, music for visual media, surround sound and music video/film

Pharrell Williams

General field, pop, r&b, dance, rap, music for visual media, music video/film and production, non-classical

text: Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night[edit]

text: Only ten artists have been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night.

text:
Year

Artist

1968
Bobbie Gentry

1981
Christopher Cross

1985
Cyndi Lauper

1989
Tracy Chapman

1991
Mariah Carey

1998
Paula Cole

2002
India.Arie

2008
Amy Winehouse

2013
Fun.

2015
Sam Smith

text: Youngest nominees[edit]

text: Leah Peasall of the Peasall sisters is the youngest ever Grammy nominee (and winner) as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) in 2002.[4] Deleon Richards is the youngest performer to receive an individual nomination, for Best Soul/Gospel performance.[11]

text:
Rank

Age

Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
8 years, 161 days
Deleon Richards

3
9 years
Hannah Peasall

4
12 years, 126 days
Zac Hanson

5
12 years, 155 days
Joey Alexander

6
12 years, 199 days
Michael Jackson

7
12 years, 273 days
Billy Gilman

8
13 years
Sarah Peasall

9
14 years, 45 days
Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith

10
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

11
14 years, 197 days
Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly

12
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

13
14 years, 348 days
Taylor Hanson


document_title: Large denominations of United States currency

question_text: when was the 1000 dollar bill taken out of circulation

text: Overview and history[edit]

text: Large-denomination currency (i.e., banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher)[1] had been used in the United States since the late 18th century.[2] The first $500 note was issued by the Province of North Carolina, authorized by legislation dated May 10, 1780.[3] Virginia quickly followed suit and authorized the printing of $500 and $1,000 notes on October 16, 1780[4] and $2,000 notes on May 7, 1781.[5] High-denomination treasury notes were issued, for example during the War of 1812 ($1,000 notes authorized by an act dated June 30, 1812).[6] During the American Civil War Confederate currency included $500 and $1,000 notes.[7] During the Federal banknote issuing period (1861 to present), the earliest high-denomination notes included three-year Interest-bearing notes of $500, $1,000, and $5,000, authorized by Congress on July 17, 1861.[8] In total, 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high-denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates. The obverse of United States banknotes generally depict either historical figures, allegorical figures symbolizing significant concepts (e.g., liberty, justice), or a combination of both. The reverse designs range from abstract scroll-work with ornate denomination identifiers to reproductions of historical art works.

text: Public versus institutional use[edit]

text: Series 1934 gold certificates ($100, $1,000, $10,000 and $100,000) were issued after the gold standard was repealed and gold was compulsorily confiscated by order of President Franklin Roosevelt on March 9, 1933 (see United States Executive Order 6102). Thus the series 1934 notes were used only for intragovernmental (i.e., Federal Reserve Bank) transactions and were not issued to the public. This series was discontinued in 1940. The series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar.

text: Passive retirement[edit]

text: Although they are still legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System,[9] due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then.[nb 1]

text: The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. As of May 30, 2009[update], only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills.[10] Due to their rarity, collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world.

text: For the most part, these bills were used by banks and the Federal government for large financial transactions. This was especially true for gold certificates from 1865 to 1934. However, for the most part, the introduction of an electronic money system has made large-scale cash transactions obsolete. When combined with concerns about counterfeiting and the use of cash in unlawful activities such as the illegal drug trade and money laundering, it is unlikely that the U.S. government will re-issue large denomination currency in the near future, despite the amount of inflation that has occurred since 1969 (a $500 bill is now worth less, in real terms, than a $100 bill was worth in 1969). According to the U.S. Department of Treasury website, "The present denominations of our currency in production are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The purpose of the United States currency system is to serve the needs of the public and these denominations meet that goal. Neither the Department of the Treasury nor the Federal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today."[11]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Before they were 'retired', Host Monty Hall regularly tempted or teased contestants on Let's Make a Deal with a $1,000 bill featuring Grover Cleveland.[12]

text: High-denomination(HD)banknote issuing data[edit]

text:
Key to high denomination banknote type abbreviations[nb 2]

Abbr
Type
Size[nb 3]
Series dates
High denomination series date
Comments

$500
$1,000
$5,000
$10,000
$100,000

LT
Legal tender
Large
1862–1923
1862
1863
1869
1874
1875
1878
1880
1862
1863
1869
1878
1880
1878
1878
–
[nb 4]

CITN
Compound interest treasury note
Exception
1863–1864
1863
1864
1864
–
–
–

IBN
Interest bearing note
Exception
1861–1865
1861
1863
1864
1865
1861
1863
1864
1865
1861
1863
1864
1865
–
–
[nb 5]

SC
Silver certificate
Large
1878–1923
1878
1880
1878
1880
1891
–
–
–

TN
Treasury note
Large
1890–1891
1891[nb 6]
1890
1891
–
–
–

NBN
National bank note
Large
1865–1875
1865
1875
1865
1875
–
–
–

FRN
Federal reserve note
Large
1914–1918
1918
1918
1918
1918
–

NGBN
National gold bank note
Large
1870–1883
1870[nb 7]
–[nb 8]
–
–
–
[nb 9]

GC
Gold certificate
Large[nb 10]
1865–1922
1865
1870
1875
1882
1922
1865
1870
1875
1882
1907
1922
1865
1870
1882
1888
1865
1870
1875
1882
1888
1900
–

FRN
Federal reserve note
Small
1928–present
1928
1934
1928
1934
1928
1934
1928
1934
–

GC
Gold certificate
Small
1928–1934[nb 11]
1928
1928
1934
1928
1928
1934
1934

text: High-denomination United States banknotes[edit]

text: The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains (among other things) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency. Using a combination of proofs and issued notes, a nearly complete type set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) pre-dates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. Currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives.

text:
High denomination United States banknotes[nb 12]

Value
Type
Series
Fr.
Image
Portrait/engraving[nb 13]
Comments[nb 14]

000500$500
LT
1862–63
Fr.183c

Gallatin-AlbertAlbert Gallatin
4 known (variety)
7 known (type)[19]

000500$500
LT
1869
Fr.184

Adams-John-QuincyJohn Quincy Adams
(Charles Burt)[20]
Justice
(Stephen A. Schoff)[21]
4 known (only one privately)[22]

000500$500
LT
1874–78
Fr.185b

Mansfield-JosephJoseph Mansfield
(Charles Burt)[20]
Victory
(Charles Burt)[23]

000500$500
LT
1880
Fr.185l

Mansfield-JosephJoseph Mansfield
(Charles Burt)[20]
Victory
(Charles Burt)[23]
5 known (variety)[nb 15]

000500$500
CITN
1864
Fr.194a
Proof

zStandard Bearer-New IronsidesStandard Bearer (left)
(George D. Baldwin)[25]
New Ironsides (right)
(James Smillie)[26]
Unknown[27]

000500$500
SC
1878
Fr.345a

Sumner-CharlesCharles Sumner
(Charles Burt)[20]
Unique (variety and type)[28]

000500$500
SC
1880
Fr.345c

Sumner-CharlesCharles Sumner
(Charles Burt)[20]
5 known (variety)
7 known (type)[28]

000500$500
TN
1891
Fr.379
Proof

Sherman-WilliamWilliam Tecumseh Sherman
None issued[29]

000500$500
NBN
1865–75
Fr.464

zCivilization-Sirius-BurgoyneCivilization (left)
(James D. Smillie)[30]
Sirius arriving in New York (right)
Surrender of General Burgoyne (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[31]
2 known (variety)
3 known (type)[32]

000500$500
FRN
1918
Fr.1132d

Marshall-JohnJohn Marshall
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
de Soto discovering the Mississippi (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[31]

000500$500
GC
1863
Fr.1166d
Proof

zEagle-shieldEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34]
Unknown[35]

000500$500
GC
1870–75
Fr.1166i

Lincoln-AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
(Charles Burt)[20]
Unique[35]

000500$500
GC
1882–1922
Fr.1216a

Lincoln-AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
(Charles Burt)[20]

000500$500
FRN
1928–34
Fr.2200g

McKinley-WilliamWilliam McKinley
(John Eissler)[36]

000500$500
GC
1928
Fr.2407

McKinley-WilliamWilliam McKinley
(John Eissler)[36]

001000$1,000
LT
1862–63
Fr.186e

Morris-RobertRobert Morris
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[37]

001000$1,000
LT
1869
Fr.186f
Proof

Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
2 known[38]

001000$1,000
LT
1878
Fr.187a

Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
Columbus in his study
(Henry Gugler)[39]

001000$1,000
LT
1880
Fr.187k

Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
Columbus in his study
(Henry Gugler)[39]
4 known (variety)
~20–25 known (type)[nb 16]

001000$1,000
IBN
1863
Fr.201
Proof

zJustice-LibertyJustice (left); Liberty (right)
Unknown[40]

001000$1,000
IBN
1863
Fr.206
Proof

zShipsGuerriere and the Constitution (left) and Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto (right)
Unknown[41]

001000$1,000
SC
1878
Fr.346a
Proof

Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
Unknown[42]

001000$1,000
SC
1880
Fr.346d

Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
5 known (variety)
5 known (type)[42]

001000$1,000
SC
1891
Fr.346e

Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[33]
Liberty
(Charles Burt)[43]
2 known[42]

001000$1,000
TN
1890
Fr.379a

Meade-GeorgeGeorge Meade
(Charles Burt)[20]
5 known (variety)
7 known (type)[44]

001000$1,000
TN
1891
Fr.379c

Meade-GeorgeGeorge Meade
(Charles Burt)[20]
2 known (variety)
3 known (type)[44]

001000$1,000
NBN
1865–75
Fr.465
Proof

zScott-Winfield-Washington-GeorgeScott entering City of Mexico (left)
(Alfred Jones)[45]
United States Capitol (right)
(James Smillie)[26]
Washington resigning his commission (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[31]
Unknown[46]

001000$1,000
FRN
1918
Fr.1133d

Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(G.F.C. Smillie)[47]
Eagle (rev)
(Marcus W. Baldwin)[48]

001000$1,000
GC
1863
Fr.1166e
Proof

zEagle-shield-Justice-scalesEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34]
Justice with scales
Unique[35]

001000$1,000
GC
1870–75
Fr.1166o
Proof

Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(Charles Burt)[49]
Unique[35]

001000$1,000
GC
1882
Fr.1218g

Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(G.F.C. Smillie)[47]

001000$1,000
GC
1907–22
Fr.1219

Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton

001000$1,000
FRN
1928–34
Fr.2210g

Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[36]

001000$1,000
GC
1928
Fr.2408

Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[36]

001000$1,000
GC
1934
Fr.2409

Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[36]

005000$5,000
LT
1878
Fr.188
Proof

Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[50]
Eagle
(William Chorlton)[51]
All notes have been redeemed, none outstanding[15]

005000$5,000
IBN
1863
Fr.202
Proof

zAltar-of-LibertyThe Altar of Liberty
(Louis Delnoce)[52]
Unknown[40]

005000$5,000
IBN
1865
Fr.212h
Proof

zJustice-New IronsidesJustice (left)
New Ironsides (center)
(James Smillie)[26]

005000$5,000
FRN
1918
Fr.1134d

Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[53]
Washington resigning his commission (rev)
(Louis Delnoce)[52]
Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[nb 17]

005000$5,000
GC
1863
Fr.1166f
Proof

zEagle-Shield-FemaleEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34]
Female
Unique[35]

005000$5,000
GC
1870–75
Fr.1166k
Proof

Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[49]
Unknown[35]

005000$5,000
GC
1882
Fr.1221a
Proof

Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[55]
Two known[35]

005000$5,000
FRN
1928–34
Fr.2220g

Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[55]

005000$5,000
GC
1928
Fr.2410

Madison-JamesJames Madison

010000$10,000
LT
1878
Fr.189
Proof

Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[56]
All notes have been redeemed, none outstanding[15]

010000$10,000
FRN
1918
Fr.1135d

Chase-SalmonSalmon Chase; Embarkation of the Pilgrims (rev)
Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[nb 18]

010000$10,000
GC
1863
Fr.1166g
Proof

zEagle-ShieldEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[34]
Unknown[35]

010000$10,000
GC
1870–75
Fr.1166l
Proof

Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
Unique[35]

010000$10,000
GC
1882
Fr.1223a
Proof

Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[55]
Two known[35]

010000$10,000
GC
1900
Fr.1225

Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[55]

010000$10,000
FRN
1928–34
Fr.2230b

Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase

010000$10,000
GC
1928
Fr.2411

Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase

010000$10,000
GC
1934
Fr.2412

Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase

100000$100,000
GC
1934
Fr.2413

Wilson-WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
(G.F.C. Smillie)[47]
Reverse
(Frederick Pauling)[57]


document_title: The Lightning Thief (musical)

question_text: who plays luke in the lightning thief musical

text: The Lightning Thief (musical)

text: Background[edit]

text: After it was introduced in New York City by Theatreworks USA in 2014 as a one-hour musical, part of its free theatre series, and went into a national tour, it was announced on January 10, 2017 that a new version would be produced, with a new score and an updated, expanded script. The musical would have a limited run, with performances beginning on March 23, an opening set for April 4 and a last performance on May 6 on the Lucille Lortel Theatre.[1]

text: Plot[edit]

text: ACT ONE

text: Percy Jackson, a sixth grader with ADHD and Dyslexia is on a field trip at the New York Metropolitan Museum of art. while there, his substitute pre-Algebra teacher, Mrs. Dodds asks to speak with him. once alone, Mrs. Dodds transforms into a fury, a mythological Greek demon of Hades. thanks to a pen that transforms into a sword, given to Percy by Mr. Brunner, his history teacher Percy fends off and kills Mrs. Dodds. After this incident, Percy is expelled from his school due to claims that he did not stay with the group, when Percy tries to explain what's happened he is shocked to find that everyone else has never heard of Mrs. Dodds. (The day I got Expelled) Percy says goodbye to his best friend, Grover Underwood and heads home for the summer holiday. Back at his apartment his mother, Sally seems to understand while her boyfriend, Gabe does not. Gabe inadvertently bullies Percy and after Percy explained his expulsion Sally confesses she needs to tell him about his father, who left before Percy was born. Percy, extremely bitter about his father and upset with himself for being expelled yet again laments on his actions, being increasingly hard upon himself. Sally assures Percy the quirks and abnormalities of someone is what makes them them, (strong) Sally takes Percy to the beech where she met Percy's father where the two run into Grover, who is actually a Satyar, a Greek, goatlike protector. suddenly a Minotaur, half bull, half man attacks the trio and Sally sacrifices herself so that Percy and Grover can make it to a place she calls "camp" the Minotaur kills Sally right before Percy’s eyes who in vengeance of his mother finishes him off. Percy is kicked in the head and goes unconscious wherte he dreams of a man in a Hawaiian shirt, who gives him a seashell claiming, "what belongs to the sea can always return" when Percy awakes he finds himself in a place called, "camp half blood" and the shell in his pocket. the camp director, Mr. D (Dionysus) explains to Percy that he is a demigod, son of a human and a Greek God. (another terrible day) Mr. Brunner, who is really Chiron and a Centuar is also at the camp and explains to Percy that the gods will send a sign to claim him though Percy is skeptic and angry that his father has shown no sign of care for him all these years. Luke Castellan, a nineteen year old son of Hermes sympathses with Percy, telling him that most halfbloods never know their godly parents because they are not claimed. (their sign) Percy settles in and meets several other campers such as, Selina Boregaurd, daughter of Aphrodite, Clarisse La Rue, daughter of Ares, who takes an immediate disliking to Percy and Annabeth Chase, a spunky girl Percy saw when he was unconscious. Annabeth, daughter of Athena quickly takes the helm of the leader during a game of capture the flag, instructing Percy to sit and wait in the boy's bathroom so he won't "mess things up" Clarisse singles him out and tries to "pulverise" him but unexpectedly the toilets burst to life, dousing Clarisse. (put you in your place) After things settle down the kids join around the Campfire and vent about their unsteady and in some cases harmful realationships with both their Godly and mortal parents. (campfire song) Percy is claimed as the son of Posidon, god of the sea and it is at once rumored that Zuese's lightning bolt has been stolen and Percy is the number one suspect. Percy is told he and two others must go on a quest to retrive the bolt to prevent a war between the gods. Percy is sent to recieve a prophecy from oracle, (the Oracle) Percy has only accepted the quest because Luke hinted that his Mom would be in the underworld, the target location of the search since Hades is the rumored real theif. Annabeth and Grover force themselves into the quest, after a pair of winged shoes is given to them from Luke, the three are pushed into the woods with little care and protection. (killer quest.)

text: ACT TWO

text: The three questers have just escaped a bus, attacked by the three fates just after blowing it up, they become hopelessly lost. (lost!) in a frantic decision Percy orders them to enter, "Auntie Em's empourium." The strange Auntie Em request to take pictures of the three but is revealed to actually be Medusa. Percy cuts off her head with the pen sword (riptide) and as a joke sends the head to the Gods over the mail. Annabeth seems particularly upset with this run in, while Grover scouts out their surroundings Percy confronts her about this. she confesses her whole life she has been ignored by everyone around her and is desperate for a chance to prove herself to Athena and make the histiry book. (My Grand plan) Grover returns with train tickets to saint Louis and they set off, encountering, a chimera and Ares who gives them a lift to Navada. (drive.) while on a bus ride to LA Percy has a dream of a man speaking with someone who is refered to as Lord, the powerful voice mentions sacrifices and brings up a name; Thalia. Percy wakes with a jolt and asks Grover if he has ever heard of Thalia. Grover confides that a few years back he was sent to escort, Luke, Annabeth and Thalia Grace, Zues's daughter to camp. however, the team was atacked and Grover failed to save Thalia. he holds himself responsible and thinks Percy will be ashamed of him. (tree on the hill) Percy assures Grover that no matter who he is or what he does Percy will alway want him as a friend. the trio arive in the underworld where they are given a tour of the horror, (D.O.A) Percy realizes that the lightning Bolt is hidden in his backpack, the three work out possibilities of how it could have gotten there. an incident where Percy is attempted to be dragged into Tarteruos by the shoes Luke gave him occurs and the group is discovered. After a brief conversation with an innocent Hades Percy withdraws the shell from his pocket and blows it, opening a portal out of the underworld. vowing to return to save his mom Percy, Annabeth and Grover escape.Percy hypothesizes that Ares is the one who planted the bolt in his bag and comming to terms with himself and Posidon he declares himself a son of Posidon and uses his gift with Water to best Ares. (son of Posidon) the questers return to camp heros but Percy couldn't be more troubled. He confides in Luke that he feels just as confused as before, Luke agrees sating he felt simalr after his quest. Luke inavertantly tells Percy that he is the true lightning thief and he has teamed up with Kronos to get back at the gods, who he feals has done him wrong. (last day of summer) Luke stabs Percy and escpes, Percy declares that there will be a war no matter how they try to stall it. (bring on the monsters.)

text: Principal roles and original cast[edit]

text:
Character(s)
Original Off-Broadway Cast

Percy Jackson
Chris McCarrell

Grover & Mr. D
George Salazar

Annabeth
Kristin Stokes

Luke, Ares, & Others
James Hayden Rodriguez

Sally, Silena Beauregard, Charon, Oracle, & Others
Carrie Compere

Mr. Brunner/Chiron, Poseidon, & Others
Jonathan Raviv

Mrs. Dodds, Clarisse, & Others
Sarah Beth Pfeifer

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act 1

"The Day I Got Expelled" – Company
"Strong" – Sally, Percy
"The Minotaur / The Weirdest Dream" – Percy, Ensemble
"Another Terrible Day" – Mr. D
"Their Sign" – Chiron, Percy, Luke
"Put You in Your Place" – Clarisse, Annabeth, Percy, Campers
"The Campfire Song" – Company
"The Oracle" – Oracle, Ensemble
"Good Kid" – Percy, Ensemble
"Killer Quest!" – Percy, Grover, Annabeth, Company

Act 2

"Lost!” – Annabeth, Grover, Percy
"My Grand Plan" – Annabeth
"Drive" – Grover, Annabeth, Percy, Ares, Ensemble
"The Weirdest Dream (Reprise)" – Percy
"The Tree on the Hill" – Grover, Ensemble
"D.O.A." – Company
"Son of Poseidon" – Percy, Sally, Annabeth, Grover, Ares, Company
"The Last Day of Summer" – Percy, Luke, Campers
"Bring on the Monsters"– Company

text: Recording[edit]

text: The original cast album was released on July 7, 2017. For a limited-time, Broadway Records offered a special package that included an official Lightning Thief t-shirt in addition to a physical copy of the cast album. [2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Lightning Thief: The Percy Jackson Musical has received positive reviews from critics. Fern Siegel, for The Huffington Post, praised the musical for its dialogue, story and cast, calling it "a reminder that Off-Broadway is an important venue for musicals",[3] while Raven Snook, for Time Out, describe it as "worthy of the gods".[4]

text: Frank Scheck, in reviewing the production for The Hollywood Reporter, wrote that the musical "proves far more enjoyable than the misbegotten 2010 film version or its 2013 sequel" and "also provides an excellent if irreverent introduction to Greek mythology that just might persuade some kids to dig deeper."[5]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2017
Drama Desk Award
Outstanding Musical
Nominated

Outstanding Book of a Musical
Joe Tracz
Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical
George Salazar
Nominated

Theater Fans' Choice Awards
Best Off-Broadway Musical
Nominated


document_title: Lythrum salicaria

question_text: where can the purple loosestrife be found today

text: Lythrum salicaria

text: Description[edit]

text: Lythrum salicaria is a herbaceous perennial plant, that can grow 1–2 m tall, forming clonal colonies 1.5 m or more in width with numerous erect stems growing from a single woody root mass. The stems are reddish-purple or red to purple and square in cross-section. The leaves are lanceolate, 3–10 cm long and 5–15 mm broad, downy and sessile, and arranged opposite or in whorls of three.

text: The flowers are reddish purple, 10–20 mm diameter, with six petals (occasionally five) and 12 stamens, and are clustered tightly in the axils of bracts or leaves; there are three different flower types, with the stamens and style of different lengths, short, medium or long; each flower type can only be pollinated by one of the other types, not the same type, thus ensuring cross-pollination between different plants.[1][2][3] The flowers are visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome.[4]

text: The fruit is a small 3–4 mm capsule[5] containing numerous minute seeds. Flowering lasts throughout the summer. When the seeds are mature, the leaves often turn bright red through dehydration in early autumn; the red colour may last for almost two weeks. The dead stalks from previous growing seasons are brown.[1][2][3]

text: L. salicaria is very variable in leaf shape and degree of hairiness, and a number of subspecies and varieties have been described, but it is now generally regarded as monotypic with none of these variants being considered of botanical significance. The species Lythrum intermedium Ledeb. ex Colla is also now considered synonymous.[1][3][6]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Native to Europe, Asia, northwest Africa, and southeastern Australia.[2][6][7][8]

text: Ecology[edit]

text: Found in ditches, wet meadows and marshes and along sides of lakes.[9]

text: Associated insects[edit]

text: The flowers are pollinated by long-tongued insects, including bees and butterflies.[3]

text: A number of insects use Lythrum salicaria as a food resource.

text: The black-margined loosestrife beetle Galerucella calmariensis is a brown beetle with a black line on its thorax. The adult feeds on the leaves of the plant, producing characteristic round holes. Its larvae destroy tender leaf buds and strip the tissue from the leaves. The golden loosestrife beetle Galerucella pusilla is nearly identical to G. calmariensis, but usually lacks the black thoracic line. Its feeding habits are also quite similar to the other leaf beetle.

text: The loosestrife root weevil Hylobius transversovittatus is a large red nocturnal weevil, which spends its nights feeding on leaves and leaf buds. The larvae emerge from their eggs and immediately burrow into the root of the plant, which they feed on continuously for over a year. This root damage stunts the plant's growth and ability to create seeds. If several larvae inhabit the same root, the plant can be killed.

text: The loosestrife flower weevil Nanophyes marmoratus is a tiny weevil which lays a single egg in each flower. When the larvae emerge they eat the flowers' ovaries, and the plant is unable to create seeds. The larvae usually proceed to hollow out the flower buds and use them as safe places to pupate.

text: Caterpillars of the engrailed moth (Ectropis crepuscularia), a polyphagous geometer moth, also feed on Purple Loosestrife.

text: Cultivation, uses, and impact[edit]

text: It has been used as an astringent medicinal herb to treat diarrhea and dysentery; it is considered safe to use for all ages, including babies.[10] It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens, and is particularly associated with damp, poorly drained locations such as marshes, bogs and watersides. However, it will tolerate drier conditions. The flowers are showy and bright, and a number of cultivars have been selected for variation in flower colour, including:-

text:
'Atropurpureum' with dark purple flowers
'Brightness' with deep pink flowers
'Feuerkerze' with rose-red flowers has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit[11]
'Happy' with red flowers on a short (60 cm) stem
'Purple Spires' with purple flowers on a tall stem
'Roseum Superbum' with large pink flowers.[12]

text: It has also been introduced in many areas of North America by bee keepers, due to its abundance of flowers which provide a large source of nectar.

text: As an invasive species[edit]

text: The purple loosestrife has been introduced into temperate New Zealand and North America where it is now widely naturalised and officially listed in some controlling agents. Infestations result in dramatic disruption in water flow in rivers and canals, and a sharp decline in biological diversity as native food and cover plant species, notably cattails, are completely crowded out, and the life cycles of organisms from waterfowl to amphibians to algae are affected. A single plant may produce up to 2.7 million tiny seeds annually.[13] Easily carried by wind and water, the seeds germinate in moist soils after overwintering. The plant can also sprout anew from pieces of root left in the soil or water. Once established, loosestrife stands are difficult and costly to remove by mechanical and chemical means.

text: Plants marketed under the name "European wand loosestrife" (L. virgatum) are the same species despite the different name. In some cases the plants sold are sterile, which is preferable.

text: In North America, purple loosestrife may be distinguished from similar native plants (e.g. fireweed Chamerion angustifolium, blue vervain Verbena hastata, Liatris Liatris spp., and spiraea (Spiraea douglasii) by its angular stalks which are square in outline, as well by its leaves, which are in pairs that alternate at right angle and are not serrated.

text: Biological control[edit]

text: Purple loosestrife provides a model of successful biological pest control. Research began in 1985 and today the plant is managed well with a number of insects that feed on it. Five species of beetle use purple loosestrife as their natural food source and they can do significant damage to the plant. The beetles used as biological control agents include two species of leaf beetle: Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla, and three species of weevil: Hylobius transversovittatus, Nanophyes breves, and Nanophyes marmoratus. Infestations of either of the Galerucella species is extremely effective in wiping out a stand of purple loosestrife, defoliating up to 100% of the plants in an area. The moth Ectropis crepuscularia is polyphagous and a pest species itself, and unsuitable for biological control.[14]