document_title: Jake T. Austin

question_text: who does jake t austin play in emoji movie

text: Jake T. Austin

text: Early life

text: Austin was born in New York City, the son of Giny Rodriquez Toranzo and Joe Szymanski.[1][2][3] His middle initial, "T", is taken from his mother's maiden name.[1] His mother is of Puerto Rican, Argentine, and Spanish descent, and his father is of Polish, Irish, and English ancestry.[4][5] Austin embraces his Puerto Rican heritage, though he has said that he is not fluent in Spanish.[6] He has a younger sister, Ava.[3][4]

text: Career

text: 2002–06: Beginnings

text: Austin's career began in 2002 when he appeared in commercials. A year later, he appeared in his first credited acting role as Kid 1698 in a comedy sketch on The Late Show With David Letterman.[3] In 2004, he landed his first major role – voicing Diego, the cousin of Dora, on the hit Nickelodeon animated series Dora the Explorer.[7][8] He continued to voice Diego on the spin-off series, Go, Diego, Go!, for three seasons.[4][7][8] Along with voicing Diego, Austin was cast in multiple voice roles for the feature films The Ant Bully and Everyone's Hero – he was also cast in the Comedy Central special Merry F#%$in’s Christmas.[9] In 2006, Austin landed the lead role of Angel Macias in his first live-action feature film, The Perfect Game, which was based on a true story about the first non-U.S. team to win the 1957 Little League World Series. The film wouldn't be released in the United States until more than three years later due to post-production financing difficulties.[10][11]

text: 2007–11: Wizards of Waverly Place

text: Austin appeared in his first Walt Disney Company production in 2007 when he portrayed the role of Chris in the Disney Channel original film Johnny Kapahala: Back on Board.[4] Later that same year, he was cast as Max Russo in the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place. He played the youngest sibling of a wizarding family, co-starring with Selena Gomez and David Henrie.[4][12][13] Until the end of Wizards of Waverly Place in 2011, Austin appeared in multiple Disney productions. In the summer of 2009, he played the role of Max Russo in the Wizards on Deck crossover episode which included two other popular Disney shows, The Suite Life on Deck and Hannah Montana.

text: During the same summer, he starred in the made-for-television film Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie.[14][15] The film was a ratings hit, becoming the second most-viewed Disney Channel film at that time, behind High School Musical 2. It was also the #1 scripted telecast of 2009.[16] Austin made his live action feature film debut in 2009 with the role of Bruce, an orphan who hides numerous dogs in an abandoned hotel, in the DreamWorks film Hotel for Dogs.[17] In the fall of 2010, Austin was named as one of the "25 Brightest Latino Stars Under 25" by Latina magazine.[18] He has written and sold his first screenplay, Kings of Suburbia, which he has said is written in the same vein as his favorite film Stand By Me.[7][19]

text: 2011–2015: The Fosters

text: In 2011, Austin voiced the role of Fernando, an orphaned Brazilian boy who is forced to capture exotic birds, in the 20th Century Fox animated musical film Rio. He reprised the role in the sequel, Rio 2.[20] He was also in the romantic-comedy film New Years Eve, released in December 2011.[21] The following year, he had guest roles on the Lifetime comedy-drama Drop Dead Diva as Samuel Forman, a 16-year-old multimillionaire,[22] and on the NBC legal drama series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Rob Fisher, the boyfriend of a girl whose family is massacred.[23]

text: Austin landed his next major role in 2013, when he was cast as Jesus Foster in the ABC Family family/teen drama series The Fosters.[24] The series tells the story of two moms raising both biological and foster children in a "multi-ethnic" household in San Diego, California. He played Jesus for two seasons until he left the show in the second season finale in 2015. In a statement on his departure, Austin said: "I'm honored to have been a part of such a groundbreaking series ... Thank you for letting me be a part of your family, it's been a pleasure."[25] His role was recast for the third season.[26]

text: In 2016, he provided the voice for Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle in the DC Comics animated direct-to-video film Justice League vs. Teen Titans.[27] On August 30, 2016, Austin was revealed as one of the contestants who would compete on season 23 of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with professional dancer, Jenna Johnson.[28] On September 20, 2016 Austin and Johnson were announced as the first couple to be eliminated from the competition.[29]

text: Personal life

text: Austin divides his time between living in Los Angeles and New York. He has two dogs, Bogey and Beju.[4][8][30] His family owns an historic restaurant called The Clarksville Inn.[3][30][31] The restaurant, located in West Nyack, New York, originally opened in 1840 as a hotel.[3][3][31]

text: Austin devotes time to various charitable causes including the Make-A-Wish Foundation, which grants wishes to children who have life-threatening medical conditions; the Starlight Children's Foundation, which is dedicated to improving the quality of life for children with chronic and life-threatening medical conditions; and Variety's Power of Youth initiative, which partners with young stars to help raise money for their chosen causes.[2][32][33]

text: Filmography

text: Film

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2006
The Ant Bully
Nicky (voice)

2006
Everyone's Hero
Yankee Irving (voice)

2009
Hotel for Dogs
Bruce

2010
The Perfect Game
Angel Macias

2011
Rio
Fernando (voice)

2011
New Year's Eve
Seth Anderson

2013
Khumba
Khumba (voice)

2014
Rio 2
Fernando (voice)

2014
Tom Sawyer & Huckleberry Finn
Huckleberry Finn

2014
Grantham & Rose
Grantham Portnoy

2016
Justice League vs. Teen Titans
Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle (voice)

2017
Teen Titans: The Judas Contract
Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle (voice)

2017
The Emoji Movie
Alex (voice)

2017
The Valley
Chris

text: Television

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2003
Late Show with David Letterman
Kid 1698
Episode: "December 23, 2003"

2004
Dora the Explorer
Diego (voice)
3 episodes

2005–08
Go, Diego, Go!
Diego (voice)
56 episodes

2005
Merry F#%$in' Christmas
Various (voice)
TV special

2007
Johnny Kapahala: Back on Board
Chris
TV movie

2007–12
Wizards of Waverly Place
Max Russo
Main role; 94 episodes

2008
Happy Monster Band
Bluz (voice)
10 episodes

2009
Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie
Max Russo
TV movie

2009
The Suite Life on Deck
Max Russo
Episode: "Double-Crossed"

2012
Drop Dead Diva
Samuel Forman
Episode: "Home"

2012
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Rob Fisher
Episode: "Home Invasions"

2013
The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex
Max Russo
TV special

2013–15
The Fosters
Jesus Foster
Main role; 41 episodes

2016
Dancing with the Stars
Himself
Contestant on season 23

2017
Justice League Action
Blue Beetle
Episodes: "Time Share"
"Field Trip"

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year
Award
Category
Work
Result
Ref.

2006
Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role – Young Actor
Go, Diego, Go!
Nominated
[34]

2007
Imagen Award
Best Actor – Television
Nominated
[35]

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role – Young Actor
Everyone's Hero
Nominated
[36]

2008
ALMA Award
Outstanding Male Performance in a Comedy TV Series
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated
[37]

Young Artist Award
Best Young Ensemble Performance in a TV Series (with Selena Gomez, David Henrie, and Jennifer Stone)
Nominated
[38]

2009
ALMA Award
Year in TV Comedy – Actor
Nominated

Imagen Award
Best Actor – Television
Nominated
[35]

Teen Choice Award
Choice TV: Sidekick
Nominated
[39]

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Series – Leading Young Actor
Nominated
[40]

2010
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor
Hotel for Dogs
Nominated
[41]

Best Performance in a TV Series – Leading Young Actor
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated
[41]

2012
Hollywood Teen TV Awards
Favorite Television Actor
Won

2013
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actor
Nominated
[42]

Teen Choice Awards
Summer TV Star: Male
The Fosters
Nominated
[43]

2014
Choice TV Actor: Drama
Nominated

2015
Nominated
[44]


question_text: who scored most goals in the premier league

root

text: Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 28 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition.

tag: p

text: During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League.[1][2] After Shearer, Harry Kane is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 141 games.[3]

text: Players[edit]

text:
List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals

Rank
Player
Position
Premier League club(s)
Goals
Played
Ratio

1
 Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
S
Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United
260
441
0.59

2
 Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
F
Everton, Manchester United
208
484
0.43

3
 Cole, AndyAndy Cole
S
Newcastle United, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth
187
414
0.45

4
 Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
MF
West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City
177
609
0.29

5
 Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
S
Arsenal
175
258
0.68

6
 Fowler, RobbieRobbie Fowler
S
Liverpool, Leeds United, Manchester City
163
379
0.43

7
 Defoe, JermainJermain Defoe
S
West Ham United, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Bournemouth
162
485
0.33

8
 Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
S
Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester United, Stoke City
150
326
0.46

9
 Ferdinand, LesLes Ferdinand
S
Queens Park Rangers, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers
149
351
0.42

10
 Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
S
Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Portsmouth, West Ham United
146
418
0.35

11
 van Persie, RobinRobin van Persie
F
Arsenal, Manchester United
144
280
0.51

12
 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
S
Manchester City
143
204
0.70

13
 Hasselbaink, Jimmy FloydJimmy Floyd Hasselbaink
S
Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic
127
288
0.44

14
 Keane, RobbieRobbie Keane
F
Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool, West Ham United, Aston Villa
126
349
0.36

15
 Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
F
Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion
125
364
0.34

16
 Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
S
Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sunderland
123
375
0.33

17
 Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
MF
Liverpool
120
504
0.24

18
 Wright, IanIan Wright
S
Arsenal, West Ham United
113
213
0.53

19
 Dublin, DionDion Dublin
F
Manchester United, Coventry City, Aston Villa
111
312
0.36

20
 Heskey, EmileEmile Heskey
S
Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa
110
516
0.21

21
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
MF
Manchester United
109
632
0.17

22
 Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
MF
Manchester United
107
499
0.21

23
 Bent, DarrenDarren Bent
S
Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Fulham
106
276
0.38

23
 Crouch, PeterPeter Crouch
S
Aston Villa, Southampton, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City
106
453
0.23

25
 Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
S
Chelsea
104
254
0.41

26
 Kane, HarryHarry Kane
S
Tottenham Hotspur
102
144
0.71

27
 Le Tissier, MattMatt Le Tissier
MF
Southampton
100
270
0.37

28
 Lukaku, RomeluRomelu Lukaku
S
Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion, Everton, Manchester United
100
215
0.47

Italics show players still playing professional football; Bold shows players still playing in the Premier League.[4]

tag: table


document_title: Faust

question_text: what 16th century english playwright wrote the first literary version of the faust legend

text: Faust

text: Summary of the story[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Faust is bored and depressed with his life as a scholar. After an attempt to take his own life, he calls on the Devil for further knowledge and magic powers with which to indulge all the pleasure and knowledge of the world. In response, the Devil's representative, Mephistopheles, appears. He makes a bargain with Faust: Mephistopheles will serve Faust with his magic powers for a set number of years, but at the end of the term, the Devil will claim Faust's soul, and Faust will be eternally enslaved.

text: During the term of the bargain, Faust makes use of Mephistopheles in various ways. In many versions of the story, particularly Goethe's drama, Mephistopheles helps Faust seduce a beautiful and innocent girl, usually named Gretchen, whose life is ultimately destroyed when she gives birth to Faust's bastard son. Realizing this unholy act, she drowns the child, and is held for murder. However, Gretchen's innocence saves her in the end, and she enters Heaven after execution. In Goethe's rendition, Faust is saved by God via his constant striving—in combination with Gretchen's pleadings with God in the form of the eternal feminine. However, in the early tales, Faust is irrevocably corrupted and believes his sins cannot be forgiven; when the term ends, the Devil carries him off to Hell.

text: Sources[edit]

text: Many aspects of the life of Simon Magus are echoed in the Faust legend of Christopher Marlowe and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Hans Jonas writes, "surely few admirers of Marlowe's and Goethe's plays have an inkling that their hero is the descendant of a gnostic sectary and that the beautiful Helen called up by his art was once the fallen Thought of God through whose raising mankind was to be saved."[4] The tale of Faust bears many similarities to the Theophilus legend recorded in the 13th century, writer Gautier de Coincy's Les Miracles de la Sainte Vierge. Here, a saintly figure makes a bargain with the keeper of the infernal world but is rescued from paying his debt to society through the mercy of the Blessed Virgin.[5] A depiction of the scene in which he subordinates himself to the Devil appears on the north tympanum of the Cathedrale de Notre Dame de Paris.[6]

text: The origin of Faust's name and persona remains unclear.[dubious – discuss] The character is ostensibly based on Johann Georg Faust (c. 1480–1540), a magician and alchemist probably from Knittlingen, Württemberg, who obtained a degree in divinity from Heidelberg University in 1509, but the legendary Faust has also been connected with Johann Fust (c. 1400–1466), Johann Gutenberg's business partner,[7] or suggest that Fust is one of the multiple origins to the Faust story.[8]

text: Scholars such as[weasel words] Frank Baron[9] and Leo Ruickbie[10] contest[weasel words] many of these[which?] previous assumptions.[clarification needed]

text: The character in Polish folklore named Pan Twardowski presents similarities with Faust. The Polish story seems to have originated at roughly the same time as its German counterpart, yet It is unclear whether the two tales have a common origin or influenced each other. The historical Johann Georg Faust had studied in Kraków for a time, and may have served as the inspiration for the character in the Polish legend.

text: The first known printed source of the legend of Faust is a small chapbook bearing the title Historia von D. Johann Fausten, published in 1587. The book was re-edited and borrowed from throughout the 16th century. Other similar books of that period include:

text:
Das Wagnerbuch (1593)
Das Widmann'sche Faustbuch (1599)
Dr. Fausts großer und gewaltiger Höllenzwang (Frankfurt 1609)
Dr. Johannes Faust, Magia naturalis et innaturalis (Passau 1612)
Das Pfitzer'sche Faustbuch (1674)
Dr. Fausts großer und gewaltiger Meergeist (Amsterdam 1692)
Das Wagnerbuch (1714)
Faustbuch des Christlich Meynenden (1725)

tag: ul

text: The 1725 Faust chapbook was widely circulated and also read by the young Goethe.

text: Related tales about a pact between man and the Devil include the plays Mariken van Nieumeghen (Dutch, early 16th century, author unknown), Cenodoxus (German, early 17th century, by Jacob Bidermann) and The Countess Cathleen (Irish Legend of unknown origin believed by some to be taken from the French play Les marchands d'âmes).

text: Locations linked to the story[edit]

text: Staufen, a town in the extreme southwest of Germany, claims to be where Faust died (c. 1540); depictions appear on buildings, etc. The only historical source for this tradition is a passage in the Chronik der Grafen von Zimmern, which was written around 1565, 25 years after Faust's presumed death. These chronicles are generally considered reliable, and in the 16th century there were still family ties between the lords of Staufen and the counts of Zimmern in nearby Donaueschingen.[11]

text: In Christopher Marlowe's original telling of the tale, Wittenburg where Faust studied was also written as Wertenberge. This has led to a measure of speculation as to where precisely his story is set. Some scholars have suggested the Duchy of Württemberg; others have suggested an allusion to Marlowe's own Cambridge (Gill, 2008, p. 5), but the likely placement of Wittenberg is the historical capital of Württemberg, what is now the city of Stuttgart.

text: Literary interpretations[edit]

text: Marlowe's Doctor Faustus[edit]

text: The early Faust chapbook, while in circulation in northern Germany, found its way to England, where in 1592 an English translation was published, The Historie of the Damnable Life, and Deserved Death of Doctor Iohn Faustus credited to a certain "P. F., Gent[leman]". Christopher Marlowe used this work as the basis for his more ambitious play, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus (published c. 1604). Marlowe also borrowed from John Foxe's Book of Martyrs, on the exchanges between Pope Adrian VI and a rival pope.

text: Goethe's Faust[edit]

text: Another important version of the incredible legend is the play Faust, written by the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The first part, which is the one more closely connected to the earlier legend, was published in 1808, the second posthumously in 1832.

text: Goethe's Faust complicates the simple Christian moral of the original legend. A hybrid between a play and an extended poem, Goethe's two-part "closet drama" is epic in scope. It gathers together references from Christian, medieval, Roman, eastern, and Hellenic poetry, philosophy, and literature.

text: The composition and refinement of Goethe's own version of the legend occupied him for over sixty years (though not continuously). The final version, published after his death, is recognized as a great work of German literature.

text: The story concerns the fate of Faust in his quest for the true essence of life ("was die Welt im Innersten zusammenhält"). Frustrated with learning and the limits to his knowledge, power, and enjoyment of life, he attracts the attention of the Devil (represented by Mephistopheles), who makes a bet with Faust that he will be able to satisfy him; a notion that Faust is incredibly reluctant towards, as he believes this happy zenith will never come. This is a significant difference between Goethe's "Faust" and Marlowe's; Faust is not the one who suggests the wager.

text: In the first part, Mephistopheles leads Faust through experiences that culminate in a lustful relationship with Gretchen, an innocent young woman. Gretchen and her family are destroyed by Mephistopheles' deceptions and Faust's desires. Part one of the story ends in tragedy for Faust, as Gretchen is saved but Faust is left to grieve in shame.

text: The second part begins with the spirits of the earth forgiving Faust (and the rest of mankind) and progresses into allegorical poetry. Faust and his Devil pass through and manipulate the world of politics and the world of the classical gods, and meet with Helen of Troy (the personification of beauty). Finally, having succeeded in taming the very forces of war and nature, Faust experiences a singular moment of happiness.

text: Mephistopheles tries to seize Faust's soul when he dies after this moment of happiness, but is frustrated and enraged when angels intervene due to God's grace. Though this grace is truly 'gratuitous' and does not condone Faust's frequent errors perpetrated with Mephistopheles, the angels state that this grace can only occur because of Faust's unending striving and due to the intercession of the forgiving Gretchen. The final scene has Faust's soul carried to heaven in the presence of God by the intercession of the "Virgin, Mother, Queen, ... Goddess kind forever... Eternal Womanhood.[12] The Goddess is thus victorious over Mephistopheles, who had insisted at Faust's death that he would be consigned to "The Eternal Empty."

text: Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita[edit]

text:
Goethe's Faust is a genuinely classical production, but the idea is a historical idea, and hence every notable historical era will have its own Faust.

Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, Immediate Stages of the Erotic

tag: div

text: The story of Faust is woven into Dr. Mikhail Bulgakov's best-known novel, The Master and Margarita (1928–1940) with Margarita being modeled on Gretchen and the Master on Faust.[citation needed] Other characters in the novel include Woland (whose description recalls Mephistopheles) and Mikhail Alexandrovitch Berlioz (the head of Massolit).

text: Mann's Doctor Faustus[edit]

text: Thomas Mann's 1947 Doktor Faustus: Das Leben des deutschen Tonsetzers Adrian Leverkühn, erzählt von einem Freunde adapts the Faust legend to a 20th-century context, documenting the life of fictional composer Adrian Leverkühn as analog and embodiment of the early 20th-century history of Germany and of Europe. The talented Leverkühn, after contracting venereal disease from a brothel visit, forms a pact with a Mephistophelean character to grant him 24 years of brilliance and success as a composer. He produces works of increasing beauty to universal acclaim, even while physical illness begins to corrupt his body. In 1930, when presenting his final masterwork (The Lamentation of Dr Faust ), he confesses the pact he had made: madness and syphilis now overcome him, and he suffers a slow and total collapse until his death in 1940. Leverkühn's spiritual, mental, and physical collapse and degradation are mapped on to the period in which Nazism rose in Germany, and Leverkühn's fate is shown as that of the soul of Germany.

text: Benét's The Devil and Daniel Webster[edit]

text: Stephen Vincent Benét's short story The Devil and Daniel Webster published in 1937 is a retelling of the tale of Faust based on the short story The Devil and Tom Walker, written by Washington Irving. Benet's version of the story centers on a New Hampshire farmer by the name of Jabez Stone who, plagued with unending bad luck, is approached by the devil under the name of Mr. Scratch who offers him seven years of prosperity in exchange for his soul. Jabez Stone is eventually defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous lawyer and orator, in front of a judge and jury of the damned, and his case is won.

text: Selected additional dramatic works[edit]

text:
Faust (1836) by Nikolaus Lenau[13]
Doctor Faust. Dance Poem (1851) by Heinrich Heine
Faust: The Third Part of the Tragedy (1862) by Friedrich Theodor Vischer
The Death of Doctor Faustus (1925) by Michel de Ghelderode
Faust, a Subjective Tragedy (1934) by Fernando Pessoa
Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights (1938) by Gertrude Stein
My Faust (1940) by Paul Valéry
Doctor Faustus (1979) by Don Nigro
Temptation (1985) by Václav Havel (Translated by Marie Winn)
Faustus (2004) by David Mamet
Wittenberg (2008) by David Davalos
Faust (2009) by Edgar Brau
Faust 3 (2016) by Peter Schumann, Bread and Puppet Theater

text: Selected additional novels, stories, poems, and comics[edit]

text:
The Devil and Tom Walker (1824) by Washington Irving
Faust (1855) novella by Ivan Turgenev
Fausto (1866) by Estanislao del Campo
Faust (1980) by Robert Nye
Mefisto (1986) by John Banville
"Eric" (1990) by Terry Pratchett
Frau Faust (2014–Present) by Kore Yamazaki
Soul Cartel (2014–2017) by Haram and Youngji Kim

text: Cinematic interpretations[edit]

text: Murnau's Faust[edit]

text: F.W. Murnau, director of the classic Nosferatu, directed a silent version of Faust that premiered in 1926. Murnau's film featured special effects that were remarkable for the era. Many of these shots are impressive today.[citation needed]

text: In one, Mephisto towers over a town, dark wings spread wide, as a fog rolls in bringing the plague. In another, an extended montage sequence shows Faust, mounted behind Mephisto, riding through the heavens, and the camera view, effectively swooping through quickly changing panoramic backgrounds, courses past snowy mountains, high promontories and cliffs, and waterfalls.

text: In the Murnau version of the tale, the aging bearded scholar and alchemist, now disillusioned—by a palpable failure of his antidotal, dark liquid in a phial, a supposed cure for victims in his plague-stricken town—Faust renounces his many years of hard travail and studies in alchemy. We see this despair, watching him haul all his bound volumes by armloads onto a growing pyre; he intends to burn everything. But a wind comes, from offscreen, that turns over a few cabalistic leaves—from one of the books' pages, sheets not yet in flames, one and another just catching Faust’s eye. Their words contain a prescription for how to invoke the dreadful dark forces.

text: Following Faust heeding these recipes, we see him begin enacting the mystic protocols: on a hill, alone, summoning Mephisto, certain forces begin to convene, and Faust in a state of growing trepidation hesitates, and begins to withdraw; he flees along a winding, twisting pathway, returning to his study chambers. At pauses along this retreat, though, he meets a reappearing figure. Each time, it doffs its hat—in a greeting, that is Mephisto, confronting him. Mephisto overcomes Faust's reluctance to sign a long binding pact with the invitation that Faust may try on these powers, just for one day, and without obligation to longer terms. It comes the end of that day, the sands of twenty-four hours having run out, after Faust’s having been restored to youth and, helped by his servant Mephisto to steal a beautiful woman from her wedding feast, Faust is tempted so much that he agrees to sign a pact for eternity (which is to say when, in due course, his time runs out). Eventually Faust becomes bored with the pursuit of pleasure and returns home, where he falls in love with the beautiful and innocent Gretchen. His corruption (enabled, or embodied, through the forms of Mephisto) ultimately ruins both their lives, though there is still a chance for redemption in the end.

text: Similarities to Goethe's Faust include the classic tale of a man who sold his soul to the Devil, the same Mephisto wagering with an angel to corrupt the soul of Faust, the plague sent by Mephisto on Faust's small town, and the familiar cliffhanger with Faust unable to find a cure for The Plague, and therefore turning to Mephisto, renouncing God, the angel, and science alike.

text: La Beauté du diable (The Beauty of the Devil)[edit]

text: Directed by René Clair, 1950 – A somewhat comedic adaptation with Michel Simon as Mephistopheles/Faust as old man, and Gérard Philipe as Faust transformed into a young man.

text: Mephisto[edit]

text: Directed by István Szabó, 1981 – An actor in 1930s Germany aligns himself with the Nazi party for prestige.

text: Lekce Faust (Faust)[edit]

text: Directed by Jan Švankmajer, 1994 – The source material of Švankmajer's film is the Faust legend; including traditional Czech puppet show versions, this film production uses a variety of cinematic formats, such as stop-motion photography animation and claymation.

text: Faust[edit]

text: Directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, 2011 – German-language film starring Johannes Zeiler, Anton Adasinsky, Isolda Dychauk.

text: American Satan[edit]

text: Directed by Ash Avildsen, 2017 – A rock and roll modern retelling of the Faust legend starring Andy Biersack as Johnny Faust.[14]

text: Television interpretations[edit]

text: Chespirito's Faust[edit]

text: Mexican comedian Chespirito acted as Faust in a sketch adaptation of the legend. Ramon Valdez played Mephistopheles (presenting himself also as The Devil), and in this particular version, Faust sells his soul by signing a contract, after which Mephistopheles gives him an object known as the "Chirrín-Chirrión" (which resembles a horse whip) which grants him the power to make things, people or even youth or age, appear or disappear, by speaking the object's name, followed by the word "Chirrín" (for them to appear) or "Chirrión" (for them to disappear). After Faust's youth is restored, he uses his powers to try conquering the heart of his assistant Margarita (played by Florinda Meza). However, after several failed (and funny) attempts to do so, he discovers she already has a boyfriend, and realizes he sold his soul for nothing. At this point, Mephistopheles returns to take Faust's soul to hell, producing the signed contract for supporting his claim. Faust responds by using the Chirrín-Chirrión to make the contract itself disappear, which makes Mephistopheles cry.

text: Musical interpretations[edit]

text: Operatic[edit]

text: The Faust legend has been the basis for several major operas: for a more complete list, visit Works based on Faust

text:
Mefistofele, the only completed opera by Arrigo Boito
Doktor Faust, begun by Ferruccio Busoni and completed by his pupil Philipp Jarnach
Faust, by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré from Carré's play Faust et Marguerite, in turn loosely based on Goethe's Faust, Part 1
Faust (Spohr), one of the earliest operatic adaptations of the story, with separate versions premiering in 1816 and 1852 respectively.
Hector Berlioz's La Damnation de Faust (1846)

text: Symphonic[edit]

text: Faust has inspired major musical works in other forms:

text:
Faust Overture by Richard Wagner
The Damnation of Faust by Hector Berlioz
Scenes from Goethe's Faust by Robert Schumann
Faust Symphony by Franz Liszt
Symphony No. 8 by Gustav Mahler
Histoire du soldat by Igor Stravinsky
Faust was the title and inspiration of Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps' 2006 show.

text: Other adaptions[edit]

text:
Faustian Echoes by Agalloch
"Faust Arp" by Radiohead (released on In Rainbows)
"The Small Print" by Muse was originally titled "Action Faust". It is written from the perspective of the Devil making an ultimately manipulative and dishonest contract with a Faustian figure.
"Faust" by Gorillaz
"Absinthe with Faust" by Cradle of Filth
Faust by Misery Index A five-song, modern interpretation of Goethe's Faust Part II.
Epica and The Black Halo by the power metal band Kamelot are a two-album interpretation of the tale.
"Faust" is a song by the progressive metal band The Human Abstract on their album Digital Veil.

text: In psychotherapy[edit]

text: Psychodynamic therapy uses the idea of a Faustian bargain to explain defence mechanisms, usually rooted in childhood, that sacrifice elements of the self in favor of some form of psychical survival. For the neurotic, abandoning one's genuine feeling self in favour of a false self more amenable to caretakers may offer a viable form of life, but at the expense of one's true emotions and affects.[15] For the psychotic, a Faustian bargain with an omnipotent self can offer the imaginary refuge of a psychic retreat, at the price of living in unreality.[16]


document_title: List of solar eclipses visible from the United States

question_text: when was the last time there was a total eclipse in the united states

text:
June 28, 1908

Annular
June 8, 1918

Total
November 22, 1919

Annular
September 10, 1923

Total

January 24, 1925

Total
June 29, 1927

Total
April 28, 1930

Hybrid
August 31, 1932

Total

April 19, 1939

Annular
April 7, 1940

Annular
February 4, 1943

Total
July 9, 1945

Total

May 9, 1948

Annular

text:
September 1, 1951

Annular
June 30, 1954

Total
October 2, 1959

Total
July 20, 1963

Total

March 7, 1970

Total
July 10, 1972

Total
February 26, 1979

Total
May 30, 1984

Annular

July 22, 1990

Total
July 11, 1991

Total
January 4, 1992

Annular
May 10, 1994

Annular

text:
May 20, 2012[1]

Annular
August 21, 2017[2]

Total
October 14, 2023[3]

Annular
April 8, 2024[4]

Total

March 30, 2033[5]

Total
June 21, 2039[6]

Annular
August 23, 2044[7]

Total
August 12, 2045[8]

Total

February 5, 2046[9]

Annular
June 11, 2048[10]

Annular

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Solar eclipses

Lists of eclipses

By century

Antiquity
20th BC
19th BC
18th BC
17th BC
16th BC
15th BC
14th BC
13th BC
12th BC
11th BC
10th BC
9th BC
8th BC
7th BC
6th BC
5th BC
4th BC
3rd BC
2nd BC
1st BC
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th

Saros series

110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162

Visibility

Australia
China
Philippines
Russia
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States

Historical

Mursili's eclipse (1312 BC)
Assyrian eclipse (763 BC)
Eclipse of Thales (585 BC)

Total/hybrid eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next total/hybrid eclipse

1560 Aug 21
1598 Mar 7
1652 Apr 8
1654 Aug 12
1673 Aug 12
1699 Sep 23
1715 May 3
1724 May 22
1766 Feb 9
1778 Jun 24
1780 Oct 27
1806 Jun 16
1816 Nov 19
1824 Jun 26
1842 Jul 8
1851 Jul 28
1853 Nov 30
1857 Mar 25
1858 Sep 7
1860 Jul 18
1865 Apr 25
1867 Aug 29
1868 Aug 18
1869 Aug 7
1870 Dec 22
1871 Dec 12
1874 Apr 16
1875 Apr 6
1878 Jul 29
1882 May 17
1883 May 6
1885 Sep 8
1886 Aug 29
1887 Aug 19
1889 Jan 1
1889 Dec 22
1893 Apr 16
1896 Aug 9
1898 Jan 22
1900 May 28
1901 May 18
1903 Sep 21
1904 Sep 9
1905 Aug 30
1907 Jan 14
1908 Jan 3
1908 Dec 23
1909 Jun 17
1910 May 9
1911 Apr 28
1912 Apr 17
1912 Oct 10
1914 Aug 21
1916 Feb 3
1918 Jun 8
1919 May 29
1921 Oct 1
1922 Sep 21
1923 Sep 10
1925 Jan 24
1926 Jan 14
1927 Jun 29
1928 May 19
1929 May 9
1930 Apr 28
1930 Oct 21
1932 Aug 31
1934 Feb 14
1936 Jun 19
1937 Jun 8
1938 May 29
1939 Oct 12
1940 Oct 1
1941 Sep 21
1943 Feb 4
1944 Jan 25
1944 Jul 20
1945 Jul 9
1947 May 20
1948 Nov 1
1950 Sep 12
1952 Feb 25
1954 Jun 30
1955 Jun 20
1956 Jun 8
1957 Oct 23
1958 Oct 12
1959 Oct 2
1961 Feb 15
1962 Feb 5
1963 Jul 20
1965 May 30
1966 Nov 12
1967 Nov 2
1968 Sep 22
1970 Mar 7
1972 Jul 10
1973 Jun 30
1974 Jun 20
1976 Oct 23
1977 Oct 12
1979 Feb 26
1980 Feb 16
1981 Jul 31
1983 Jun 11
1984 Nov 22
1985 Nov 12
1986 Oct 3
1987 Mar 29
1988 Mar 18
1990 Jul 22
1991 Jul 11
1992 Jun 30
1994 Nov 3
1995 Oct 24
1997 Mar 9
1998 Feb 26
1999 Aug 11
2001 Jun 21
2002 Dec 4
2003 Nov 23
2005 Apr 8
2006 Mar 29
2008 Aug 1
2009 Jul 22
2010 Jul 11
2012 Nov 13
2013 Nov 3
2015 Mar 20
2016 Mar 9
2017 Aug 21
→ 2019 Jul 2
2020 Dec 14
2021 Dec 4
2023 Apr 20
2024 Apr 8
2026 Aug 12
2027 Aug 2
2028 Jul 22
2030 Nov 25
2031 Nov 14
2033 Mar 30
2034 Mar 20
2035 Sep 2
2037 Jul 13
2038 Dec 26
2039 Dec 15
2041 Apr 30
2042 Apr 20
2043 Apr 9
2044 Aug 23
2045 Aug 12
2046 Aug 2
2048 Dec 5
2049 Nov 25
2050 May 20
2052 Mar 30
2053 Sep 12
2055 Jul 24
2057 Jan 5
2057 Dec 26
2059 May 11
2060 Apr 30
2061 Apr 20
2063 Aug 24
2064 Aug 12
2066 Dec 17
2067 Dec 6
2068 May 31
2070 Apr 11
2071 Sep 23
2072 Sep 12
2073 Aug 3
2075 Jan 16
2076 Jan 6
2077 May 22
2078 May 11
2079 May 1
2081 Sep 3
2082 Aug 24
2084 Dec 27
2086 Jun 11
2088 Apr 21
2089 Oct 4
2090 Sep 23
2091 Aug 15
2093 Jan 27
2094 Jan 16
2095 Jun 2
2096 May 22
2097 May 11
2099 Sep 14
2100 Sep 4
2114 Jun 3
2132 Jun 13
2150 Jun 25
2168 Jul 5
2186 Jul 16

Annular eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next annular eclipse

1820 Sep 7
1854 May 26
1879 Jan 22
1889 Jun 28
1901 Nov 11
1903 Mar 29
1904 Mar 17
1905 Mar 6
1907 Jul 10
1908 Jun 28
1911 Oct 22
1914 Feb 25
1915 Feb 14
1915 Aug 10
1916 Jul 30
1917 Dec 14
1918 Dec 3
1919 Nov 22
1921 Apr 8
1922 Mar 28
1923 Mar 17
1925 Jul 20
1926 Jul 9
1927 Jan 3
1929 Nov 1
1932 Mar 7
1933 Feb 24
1933 Aug 21
1934 Aug 10
1935 Dec 25
1936 Dec 13
1937 Dec 2
1939 Apr 19
1940 Apr 7
1941 Mar 27
1943 Aug 1
1945 Jan 14
1947 Nov 12
1948 May 9
1950 Mar 18
1951 Mar 7
1951 Sep 1
1952 Aug 20
1954 Jan 5
1954 Dec 25
1955 Dec 14
1957 Apr 30
1958 Apr 19
1959 Apr 8
1961 Aug 11
1962 Jul 31
1963 Jan 25
1965 Nov 23
1966 May 20
1969 Mar 18
1969 Sep 11
1970 Aug 31
1972 Jan 16
1973 Jan 4
1973 Dec 24
1976 Apr 29
1977 Apr 18
1979 Aug 22
1980 Aug 10
1981 Feb 4
1983 Dec 4
1984 May 30
1987 Sep 23
1988 Sep 11
1990 Jan 26
1991 Jan 15
1992 Jan 4
1994 May 10
1995 Apr 29
1998 Aug 22
1999 Feb 16
2001 Dec 14
2002 Jun 10
2003 May 31
2005 Oct 3
2006 Sep 22
2008 Feb 7
2009 Jan 26
2010 Jan 15
2012 May 20
2013 May 10
2014 Apr 29
2016 Sep 1
2017 Feb 26
→ 2019 Dec 26
2020 Jun 21
2021 Jun 10
2023 Oct 14
2024 Oct 2
2026 Feb 17
2027 Feb 6
2028 Jan 26
2030 Jun 1
2031 May 21
2032 May 9
2034 Sep 12
2035 Mar 9
2038 Jan 5
2038 Jul 2
2039 Jun 21
2041 Oct 25
2042 Oct 14
2043 Oct 3
2044 Feb 28
2045 Feb 16
2046 Feb 5
2048 Jun 11
2049 May 31
2052 Sep 22
2053 Mar 20
2056 Jan 16
2056 Jul 12
2057 Jul 1
2059 Nov 5
2060 Oct 24
2061 Oct 13
2063 Feb 28
2064 Feb 17
2066 Jun 22
2067 Jun 11
2070 Oct 4
2071 Mar 31
2074 Jan 27
2074 Jul 24
2075 Jul 13
2077 Nov 15
2078 Nov 4
2079 Oct 24
2081 Mar 10
2082 Feb 27
2084 Jul 3
2085 Jun 22
2085 Dec 16
2088 Oct 14
2089 Apr 10
2092 Feb 7
2092 Aug 3
2093 Jul 23
2095 Nov 27
2096 Nov 15
2097 Nov 4
2099 Mar 21
2100 Mar 10

Partial eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next partial eclipse

1902 Apr 8
1902 May 7
1902 Oct 31
1906 Feb 23
1906 Jul 21
1906 Aug 20
1909 Dec 12
1910 Nov 2
1913 Apr 6
1913 Aug 31
1913 Sep 30
1916 Dec 24
1917 Jan 23
1917 Jun 19
1917 Jul 19
1920 May 18
1920 Nov 10
1924 Mar 5
1924 Jul 31
1924 Aug 30
1927 Dec 24
1928 Jun 17
1928 Nov 12
1931 Apr 18
1931 Sep 12
1931 Oct 11
1935 Jan 5
1935 Feb 3
1935 Jun 30
1935 Jul 30
1938 Nov 21
1942 Mar 16
1942 Aug 12
1942 Sep 10
1946 Jan 3
1946 May 30
1946 Jun 29
1946 Nov 23
1949 Apr 28
1949 Oct 21
1953 Feb 14
1953 Jul 11
1953 Aug 9
1956 Dec 2
1960 Mar 27
1960 Sep 20
1964 Jan 14
1964 Jun 10
1964 Jul 9
1964 Dec 4
1967 May 9
1968 Mar 28
1971 Feb 25
1971 Jul 22
1971 Aug 20
1974 Dec 13
1975 May 11
1975 Nov 3
1978 Apr 7
1978 Oct 2
1982 Jan 25
1982 Jun 21
1982 Jul 20
1982 Dec 15
1985 May 19
1986 Apr 9
1989 Mar 7
1989 Aug 31
1992 Dec 24
1993 May 21
1993 Nov 13
1996 Apr 17
1996 Oct 12
1997 Sep 2
2000 Feb 5
2000 Jul 1
2000 Jul 31
2000 Dec 25
2004 Apr 19
2004 Oct 14
2007 Mar 19
2011 Jan 4
2011 Jun 1
2011 Jul 1
2011 Nov 25
2014 Oct 23
2015 Sep 13
→ 2018 Feb 15
2018 Jul 13
2018 Aug 11
2019 Jan 6
2022 Apr 30
2022 Oct 25
2025 Mar 29
2025 Sep 21
2029 Jan 14
2029 Jun 12
2029 Jul 11
2032 Nov 3
2033 Sep 23
2036 Feb 27
2036 Jul 23
2036 Aug 21
2037 Jan 16
2040 May 11
2040 Nov 4
2047 Jan 26
2047 Jun 23
2047 Jul 22
2047 Dec 16
2050 Nov 14
2051 Apr 11
2051 Oct 4
2054 Mar 9
2054 Aug 3
2054 Sep 2
2055 Jan 27
2058 May 22
2058 Jun 21
2058 Nov 16
2062 Mar 11
2062 Sep 3
2065 Feb 5
2065 Jul 3
2065 Aug 2
2065 Dec 27
2068 Nov 24
2069 Apr 21
2069 May 20
2069 Oct 15
2072 Mar 19
2073 Feb 7
2076 Jun 1
2076 Jul 1
2076 Nov 26
2083 Feb 16
2083 Jul 15
2083 Aug 13
2084 Jan 7
2086 Dec 6
2087 May 2
2087 Jun 1
2087 Oct 26
2090 Mar 31
2091 Feb 18
2094 Jun 13
2094 Jul 12
2094 Dec 7
2098 Apr 1
2098 Sep 25
2098 Oct 24

Other bodies

Mars
Moon
Jupiter
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus

Related topics

Eclipse chasing

Solar viewer

Planetary transit
Solar eclipses in fiction

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