document_title: List of alcohol laws of the United States

question_text: what time can i buy beer in ga on sunday

text: Table[edit]

text: Alabama–Hawaii[edit]

text:
State

Alcoholic beverage control state

Alcohol sale hours

Grocery store sales

Age

Notes

Beer

Wine

Distilled spirits

On-premises

Off-premises

Beer

Wine

Distilled spirits

Purchasing

Consumption

Alabama

Yes

Prohibited between midnight until noon on Sundays in some counties. Private clubs, which require a membership fee and a membership card, have no day or time restrictions.

Yes

No

21

21 No exceptions to the law

13.9% ABV cap on beerBeer containers may not exceed 25.4 ounces (0.75 l)ABV > 14.9% wine sold in state storesAlcohol may be served 24 hours a day unless restricted by local ordinances. Twenty-six of Alabama's 67 counties do not allow the sale of alcohol. However, possession and consumption remain legal within those 26 counties. Of the 26 "dry" counties, 23 have at least one "wet" city; these are considered "moist" dry counties. Within those 23 counties there are 43 wet cities. State law allows any city with a population greater than 1,000 located within a dry county to "go wet" if a referendum is passed by 50% of voters.  State retains monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.
Distilled spirits (liquor) are purchasable in either state-owned retail liquor stores, known as ABC Stores, or privately-owned retail liquor stores.
Privately-owned retail liquor stores tend to be open on Sundays, public (federal & state) holidays, and later hours than state-owned liquor stores.

Alaska

No

8 a.m. – 5 a.m.,[10] except election days (liquor stores may not open until polls close)

No (although many grocery stores have separate areas that sell all forms of alcoholic beverages and many bars sell packaged liquor as well)

21

21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed for medical purposes, and on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent [11]

Most communities have more restrictive laws, ranging from restrictions on operating hours to bans on sale and possession.[12]  Sellers/servers may not, for any reason, give a person alcohol for free or sell it for less than its cost.  Sellers/servers may drink while on duty, but no intoxicated person may remain on the premises, so an impaired server could be arrested.[10]

Arizona

No

6 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days a week—no election day nor holiday restrictions [13]

Yes

21

21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed for religious[14] and medical purposes[15]

Sales of any type of alcohol are legal at any store that has an off-premises liquor license, including but not limited to convenience stores and grocery stores. Bars may sell closed containers of alcohol for consumption off the premises. Drive-through liquor stores are allowed. Everclear Grain Alcohol Proof 190 (95% alcohol) is legal. A large percentage of the land area of Arizona is in Indian reservations, many of which have liquor laws considerably more restrictive than state law, up to and including total prohibition. "Beer busts" (all the beer/liquor one can drink for a set price) in bars are illegal. Persons 18 years of age or older may work in bars and liquor stores serving and selling alcohol. Patrons may not purchase for on premises consumption more than 50 ounces of beer, 1 liter of wine or 4 ounces of distilled spirits at one time.[16] DUI penalties are some of the most severe in the nation. A person convicted of a DUI (even first offense) must have an interlock installed in his car for one year. Arizona has an 'Impaired to the Slightest Degree' law that can convict a person even if his BAC is less than .08%.

Arkansas

No

Sale prohibited Sundays, Mondays between 12:00 a.m. and 1:00 a.m., or on any other days between the hours of 1:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m.  The  governing body of any city or town may fix later closing  hours for the permitted premises of a hotel or restaurant which in no event shall be later than two (2) hours after  midnight on Saturday night. [17] Class B licenses allow alcohol service from 10 a.m. until 5 a.m.

Yes

No

21

21 No exceptions to the law

Has numerous dry counties and other dry areas, but private clubs can serve even in dry areas.Alcohol sales are generally prohibited on Sundays, but exceptions can be made through local option (usually for restaurants and private clubs).No sales on Christmas Day.

California

No

6 a.m. – 2 a.m.

Yes

21

21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for consuming alcohol if discovered or reported through a medical emergency.[18]

Relatively unrestricted; beer, wine and liquor available at grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, and warehouse clubs. No statewide holiday restrictions. Motor vehicles entering from Mexico may only import 1 liter of alcohol (duty-free). Sale or distribution of alcoholic beverages higher than 60% ABV is illegal (B&P 23403).[19]You may serve alcohol if you are at least 21 years of age.City and county governments can set different sale hours.18-, 19- and 20-year-old wine and beer production students can taste—but not consume—what they are making and studying.[20]

Colorado

No

7 a.m. – 2 a.m.

Beer, wine, and liquor: 8 a.m. – midnight
3.2 beer: 5 a.m.-midnight

3.2 only*

No*

21

21 Exception: Underage consumption allowed on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for religious, medical, and educational purposes.[21]

Spirituous, vinous & malt liquor available in liquor stores and liquor-licensed drug stores only. Liquor stores closed on Christmas Day. Sunday sales restriction lifted on July 1, 2008. Liquor stores and liquor-licensed drug stores may have only one location, while 3.2% beer may be sold in gas stations, supermarkets, and convenience stores. Appropriately licensed businesses may also sell 3.2% beer for both on and off-premises consumption. A small number of grocery stores are licensed as drug stores and sell full strength beer, wine, and spirits.  As an example, a chain grocery store that has pharmacy services at most or all locations may elect a single location in the chain as the licensed establishment to sell beer, wine, and spirits.

Connecticut

No

9 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Mon.–Thurs.)9 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Fri.–Sat.)11 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Sun.)

8 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon.–Sat.)    10 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Sun.)

Yes

No

21 Exception: No explicit age if a present legal guardian is 21 or older[22]

21 Exception: Underage consumption is allowed on private non alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for medical and religious puroposes, and on alcohol selling premises with parental consent.[22]

Sunday off-premises sales allowed as of May 20, 2012;[23][24] Sunday on-premises sales subject to local ordinances.
Beer can be purchased at grocery/convenience stores. Spirits and wine can be purchased only at liquor stores.
No off-premises alcohol sales on Thanksgiving, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.
Open container law applies only to drivers, not passengers.

Delaware

No

9 a.m. – 1 a.m.

9 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Mon.–Sat.)noon–8 p.m. (Sun.) Municipalities with a population over 50,000 persons may impose stricter hours of sale by local ordinance.

No

21

21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for if discovered consuming alcohol through a medical emergency. Underage drinking allowed on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for religious purposes.[25][26]

For off-premises consumption, alcohol may be purchased only in a liquor store, taproom, or a brew pub that has an off-premises license. Unless accompanied by a parent or guardian over 21, no person under 21 may enter a liquor store or taproom for any reason, even for the intent of purchasing only tobacco or lottery tickets. No sales of alcohol by liquor stores or taprooms are permitted during designated holidays including Thanksgiving, Easter or Christmas.[27]

District of Columbia

No

8 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sun.–Thu.,
8 a.m. – 3 a.m. Fri.–Sat.
[28]

Liquor Stores:
9 a.m. – midnight daily*
Grocery Stores:
9 a.m.-12 a.m. daily
[28]

Yes

No

21

21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for if discovered consuming alcohol through a medical emergency.[29][30]

*Liquor stores can begin applying for licenses to open on Sunday as of January 16, 2013.[31]
No singles sold, but stores in some areas may apply for an exemption.[32]
Certain wards may be made dry by the decision of the local ANC, but as of  2005[update] none are
The day before a federal or district holiday, on-premises retailers may sell/serve from 8 a.m.-3 a.m. On New Yer's Eve, on-premises retailers may sell/serve until 4 a.m. on January 1.[28]

Florida

No

State law prohibits selling of alcohol between midnight and 7 a.m., unless the county chooses to change the operating hours later (FS 562.14(1)) ; such as for Sunday morning; Ormond Beach stays open until 7pm on Sundays. Miami-Dade County liquor stores may operate 24 hours a day.

Yes

No

21

21 Exception: 18 for educational purposes[33]

Sale, processing, or consumption of any liquor or spirit of greater than 153 proof is illegal. (FSS 565.07)
No retail sale of wine in containers larger than 1 gallon.  FS 564.05
Supermarkets and other licensed business establishments may sell beer, low-alcohol liquors, and wine. Liquor must be sold in dedicated liquor stores which may be in a separate part of a grocery or a drug store. As of July 1, 2015, the restriction on 64 ounce refillable containers, or growlers, has been lifted and beer may be sold in quantities of 64 ounces, in addition to the previously legal 32 and 128 ounce sizes.

Georgia

No

Hours of sale determined by local jurisdiction.  No alcohol sales on Christmas Day.

Yes

No

21

21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed on non-alcoholic premises with parental consent, and for religious and medical purposes.[34]

14% ABV cap on beer.
Sunday off-premises sales from 12:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. allowed only by local referendum.[35]
In general, one may not be drunk in public.  Though there is no state law prohibiting drinking in public, most municipal corporations and political subdivisions limit the possession of open containers of alcohol to private property, with notable exceptions being Savannah and Roswell. A charge of public drunkenness is only warranted when one is drunk in public and his acts are either loud or disorderly.

Hawaii

No

Bars and restaurants stop serving alcohol at 2 a.m., but some hold a special 'cabaret license' that allows them to continue serving alcohol until 4 a.m.[36]

6 a.m. to 12 a.m. Within Honolulu County  6 a.m. to 11 p.m. Within Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii counties

Yes

21

21 Exception: Underage consumption allowed for religious purposes[37]

text: Idaho–Massachusetts[edit]

text:
State

Alcoholic beverage control state

Alcohol sale hours

Grocery Store Sales

Age

Notes

Beer

Wine

Distilled spirits

On-premises

Off-premises

Beer

Wine

Distilled Spirits

Purchasing

Consumption

Idaho

No

Yes

6:00 a.m. to 2:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. in some counties

Yes

No

Alcoholic beverages exceeding 16% ABV can only be sold in Idaho State Liquor Dispensary stores, or contracted stores.

Illinois

No

Depending on local government; 24-hour bars are permitted in Cicero; a handful of 21- to 22-hour bars exist in Cook County, and the Metro East. In Rock Island County, many establishments sell alcohol 24 hours a day.

Yes

Opening/closing hours are up to the decision of counties or municipalities.

Indiana

No

7 a.m. – 3 a.m.

7 a.m. – 3 a.m.Noon - 8 p.m. on Sunday.

Yes

Indiana prohibits the sales of cold beer by grocery stores or gas stations, but allows cold beer to be sold from liquor stores (IC 7.1-5-10-11).
Minors, including babies, are not allowed to enter a liquor store.
Indiana has a photo identification requirement for all off-premises transactions to anyone who is or reasonably appears to be less than forty (40) years of age. (See IC 7.1-5-10-23).
Public intoxication is a class B misdemeanor. (IC 7.1-5-1-3)

Iowa

No

Yes

6 a.m. – 2 a.m. Mon–Sat8 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sun[38]

Yes

If a controlled substance is detected in a person's system at or near the time they were operating a motor vehicle, they can be charged and potentially convicted of  operating while intoxicated (OWI) even if they were not "impaired" by that substance.

Kansas

Yes

9 a.m. - 2 a.m. (in counties which allow on-premises sales)

9 a.m. - 11 p.m. (Mon–Sat) (in counties which allow off-premises sales)noon - 7 p.m. or 8 p.m. (Sun) (in communities which allow Sunday off-premises sales)

3.2 only

No

Kansas's alcohol laws are among the strictest in the United States. Kansas prohibited all alcohol from 1881 to 1948, and continued to prohibit on-premises sales of alcohol from 1949 to 1987. Sunday sales only have been allowed since 2005. Today, 29 counties still do not permit the on-premises sale of alcohol. 59 counties require a business to receive at least 30% of revenue from food sales to allow on-premises sale of alcohol. Only 17 counties allow general on-premises sales. Not all communities which allow off-premises sales allow sales on Sunday. Sales are prohibited on Christmas and Easter. The only alcoholic beverage which grocery stores and gas stations may sell is beer with no more than 3.2% alcohol by weight. Other liquor sales only are allowed at state-licensed retail liquor stores. Kansas has comprehensive open container laws for public places and vehicles, public intoxication laws, and requirements for prospective on-premises or off-premises licensees.

Kentucky

No

6 a.m. to 4 a.m. on Monday through Saturday

1 p.m. to 4 a.m. on Sundays

Yes

No

Local ordinance may vote to permit Sunday sales at restaurants. Sales 2–4 a.m. only in Louisville. As of 2005 Sunday sales were allowed per state law, but may still be prohibited in some areas by local ordinance (as of early 2006, such a situation existed with smaller cities within Louisville Metro, though these cities have since changed local ordinances).
Alcohol sale restriction and wet/dry (both by drink and package) allowed by both county and city local option.
Approximately 39 counties in the state (mostly eastern and southern counties) are dry, all alcohol sale and possession prohibited; 22 "moist" counties (with "wet" cities allowing package liquor sales in counties otherwise dry); 29 counties that are otherwise dry but have communities with local option that allow sales of liquor by the drink or under special exemptions allowing sales at wineries.  Majority of wet counties are around major metropolitan areas (Louisville, Lexington, Covington, Bowling Green).  Note:  Beginning in 2013 Liquor by the drink and beer by the drink are available on Sundays in Louisville, KY beginning at 10:00 am. Bowling Green, KY recently began allowing Sunday sales in December 2013 for carry-out beer, wine, and liquor.
Prohibition on liquor sales on Election Day was repealed effective June 24, 2013. Kentucky was one of only two states to still have Election Day prohibition, the other being South Carolina.

Louisiana

No

No state imposed restrictions on on-premises hours.  "24 hour" bars are common in New Orleans and in Jefferson Parish.  Some municipalities and parishes (including Baton Rouge and East Baton Rouge Parish) require on-premises service to stop at 2:00 am.

No statewide restrictions on hours of package sales.

Yes

21

Exceptions to state law include:[39]
For an established religious purpose;When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.

Packaged alcoholic beverages of any strength may be sold in supermarkets, drug stores, gas stations, and convenience stores. Local municipalities may not restrict this. As a result,  dedicated "liquor stores" are mostly specialty stores in larger cities, and some supermarkets have large selections of liquors and wines, and compete on the basis of liquor prices and selection.
Alcohol can be consumed in the streets of New Orleans as long as it is in an "unbreakable container" (no glass) and may be taken from club to club if both establishments allow it. Otherwise, it depends on the locality. Most parishes other than Orleans Parish do not permit alcoholic beverages served on premises to be carried out. However, many parishes and municipalities permit consumption of packaged beverages (for example, cans of beer) on the street. Glass bottles on the streets are prohibited. One can enter most bars at 18 years of age but must be 21 years old to purchase or consume alcohol. Also, it is legal in the state of Louisiana for a legal parent or guardian to purchase alcoholic beverages for their underaged child.
Drive-thru frozen daiquiri stands are legal and common, but the police can arrest you for driving with an open container, if you have put the straw in the cup [40]

Maine

No

Yes

6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (Mon–Sun)

Yes [41]

21

21

ABV > Alcohol may not be purchased after 1 a.m. any day of the week, may not be purchased prior to 6 a.m. Monday through Saturday, and not prior to 9 a.m. on Sunday. Bars and restaurants may serve until 1:15 a.m. On New Year's Day alcohol may be sold one hour later in all establishments.  When St. Patrick's Day falls on a Sunday, bars and restaurants may serve alcohol starting at 6 a.m that day.[42]  Wholesaling through state-licensed monopoly.[43]  Municipalities may prohibit the sale of alcohol by referendum; 56 towns have done so.[44][45]

Maryland

Variable by locality

Variable by locality

Variable by locality

Variable by locality

Baltimore County prohibits the sale on Sunday in some areas.  In the counties of Montgomery, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester sale of alcoholic beverages are controlled directly by the county Liquor Control Boards, there are exceptions in Montgomery where some liquors are still sold in grocery store due to being grandfathered before the change of the law.  Garrett County prohibits the sale on Sunday except in some areas.  The sale of alcohol at grocery and convenience stores varies by county.  There are no dry counties, but some individual voting districts within counties restrict or prohibit alcohol on a local-option basis.

Massachusetts

No

8:00 a.m. – 2:00 a.m. by state law, although individual cities and towns may prohibit sales before 11:00 a.m. and after 11:00 p.m.[46] Not before 11:00 a.m. on Sunday.[47]

8:00 a.m. – 11:00 p.m., or 8:00 a.m. – 11:30 p.m. on the day before a holiday.[48] Not before 10:00 am on Sunday.

Yes.[49][50]

21

21

As of January 2016, no individual, partnership, or corporation may have more than seven off-premises licences in the state, nor more than two in any city, nor more than one in any town.  No individual, partnership, or corporation not resident or headquartered in Massachusetts may apply for a license, although one may devolve thereupon.[48]As of 2012-10-29, a Massachusetts driver's license, Massachusetts Liquor ID card, RMV-issued Massachusetts non-driver ID card, passport (issued by the US or a US-recognized foreign entity), US-issued Passport Card, and military identification card are the only acceptable proofs of age under state law. Out of state or Canadian driver's licenses/ ID's and other forms of identification do not grant the establishment legal protection if accepted as proof of age (and many establishments will not accept out of state licenses for this reason).[51] On-premises regulations: No discounts at specific times (i.e. no "Happy Hour" discounts) or for specific individuals, no fixed-price open bar or all-you-can-drink (except at private functions), no more than two drinks per individual at any one time, no pitchers for fewer than two people, no drinking contests, no drinks as prizes, no free drinks.[52]Off-premises sale of alcohol is prohibited on the last Monday in May (Memorial Day), Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and the day after Christmas if Christmas falls on a Sunday.[47]Sale of alcohol is prohibited during polling hours on election days (subject to local exceptions).[47]"Malt beverages" defined as having not more than 12% alcohol by weight.[53]

text: Michigan–New Mexico[edit]

text:
State

Alcoholic beverage control state

Alcohol sale hours

Grocery Store Sales

Age

Notes

Beer

Wine

Distilled spirits

On-premises

Off-premises

Beer

Wine

Distilled Spirits

Purchasing

Consumption

Michigan

No

Yes

7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon.–Sat.)
noon-2 a.m. (Sunday)*sales may begin at 7 a.m. with special license extension

7 a.m.-2 a.m. (Mon-Sat)
noon-2 a.m. (Sunday)*sales may begin at 7 a.m. with special license extension
,[54]

Yes

21

21

The Michigan Liquor Control Commission allows the sale of alcoholic beverages until 11:59 p.m. on December 24 and after 12:00 p.m. on December 25. On-premises sales are permitted on January 1 until 4:00 a.m. Local or county ordinance may restrict Sunday or Sunday morning sales. State does not operate retail outlets; maintains a monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.[55]State owns liquor until purchased and distributor acts as a delivery service for cases sold to retailers.

Minnesota

No (but see note)

8 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days

8:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m. (Mon–Sat);
11:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m. (Sun)[56]

3.2% Only

No

Local or County ordinance prevails for hours of operation for off-sale licenses. Growler sales allowed until 10 p.m. 7 days a week. Certain municipalities may establish municipal liquor stores; they are permitted, but not required, to exclude privately owned stores.[57] Off-premises sales on Sundays became legal on July 1, 2017.[56]

Mississippi

No

Yes

Local authorities fix hours of alcohol sale

Yes

No

ABW > 5% wine and sparkling wine sold in state-contracted stores which are open from 10:00 am until 10:00 pm (Closed Sundays) statewide. Beer and light wine (ABW < 5%, ABV < ~6.3%) sold in convenience stores/supermarkets. Beer and light wine (ABW < 5%) may be consumed by persons age 18-20 with parental supervision. Governor Phil Bryant signed a bill permitting beer with 8% ABW/10% ABV on April 9, 2012.  The bill went into effect on July 1, 2012.[58]
No sales on Christmas Day. No state open container laws. Complimentary alcohol  all day and night in coastal casinos.In most counties, alcohol cannot be sold on Sundays. There are many dry counties in which it is illegal to possess alcoholic beverages, though some cities within dry counties have voted in beer sales.

Missouri

No

Most establishments:
(Mon–Sat) 6:00am–1:30am
(Sunday) 9:00am–12:00pm
Special licenses in Kansas City and St. Louis:
(Daily) 6:00am–3:00am

(Mon–Sat) 6:00am–1:30am
(Sunday) 9:00am–12:00am
Sales permitted until 3:00 am in those Kansas City and St. Louis bars grandfathered into the ability to double as liquor stores.

Yes

One of the most alcohol-permissive states, perhaps only behind Nevada and Louisiana:
No open container law.[59]
No state public intoxication law.
Liquor control law[60] covers all beverages containing more than 0.5% alcohol, without further particularities based on percentage.[61]
Cities and counties are prohibited from banning off-premises alcohol sales.[62]
No dry jurisdictions.
State preemption of local alcohol laws which do not follow state law.
Certain bars in Kansas City and St. Louis grandfathered into the ability to double as liquor stores.
Special licenses available for bars and nightclubs which allow selling alcohol until 3:00am in Kansas City,[63] Jackson County,[64] North Kansas City,[64] St. Louis,[65] and St. Louis County.[66]
Grocery stores, drug stores, and even gas stations may sell liquor without limitation other than hours.[67]
Patrons allowed to take open containers out of bars in Kansas City's Power & Light District.[68]
Parents and guardians may furnish alcohol to their children.[69]
Missourians over 21 may manufacture up to 100 gallons of any liquor per year for personal use, without any further state limitation, state taxation, or state license.[70] (Obtaining a permit from the Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and meeting other requirements under federal law probably still is required for private citizens to manufacture distilled alcohol - but not wine or beer - for personal use.[71][72][73][74][75])
Missouri law recognizes two types of alcoholic beverage: liquor, which is any beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol except "non-intoxicating beer"; and "non-intoxicating beer,"[76] which is beer containing between 0.5% and 3.2% alcohol.  Liquor laws[77] apply to all liquor, and special laws apply to "non-intoxicating beer."[76]

Montana

No

Yes

Closing 2am

No alcohol sales between 2 am and 8 am

Yes

Distilled spirits cannot be sold in grocery stores

21

Minors can consume alcohol purchased by a parent or guardian in a private location.[78]

ABV > 16% wine sold in state-contracted stores, ABV < 16% may be sold in grocery stores. Some local ordinances restrict alcohol sales on Sundays. State run liquor stores are closed on Sundays.

Nebraska

No

6 a.m. – 1 a.m.  Legislation passed in 2010 allows for municipalities to extend on-premises sales to 2 a.m. with two-thirds approval of city or county councils.[79]

Yes

No on- or off-premises sales of spirits before noon on Sundays. All beer, wine, and champagne can be sold starting at 6 a.m.

Nevada

No

24 hours

Yes

There are few restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol in Nevada except for age. The maximum abv of alcohol sold is 80%.[80]
State law also renders public intoxication legal, and explicitly prohibits any local or state law from making it a public offence.[81] Alcohol purchase is only controlled in Panaca.[82]

New Hampshire

No

Yes

6 a.m. – 1 a.m.

6 a.m. – 11:45 p.m.

Yes

No

Liquor sold in state-run stores, many found at highway rest areas.14% ABV cap on beer.  State is wholesaler of wine. State taxes beer $0.30/gal at the wholesale level.

New Jersey

No

Each municipality can control hours by local ordinance.  Most municipalities have a last call of 2 or 3 a.m. Atlantic City, Brigantine, Absecon, Elwood, Pomona, Smithville, Galloway, and Mullica (All in Atlantic County) serve 24 hours. There are some dry towns in the southern part of the state, including Ocean City.

9 a.m.-10 p.m. for liquor. Beer and wine can be sold at any time  on-premise sales are permitted in that municipality. This causes most liquor stores to close at 10 PM, however some will stay open an hour later selling only beer and wine. Cities of the first class (e.g. Jersey City and Newark) are exempt from this law and may set their own hours for liquor sales.[83]

Rarely

21

21 (unless provided by parent or guardian in private)

Some dry communities in historically Methodist and Quaker communities in the southern part of the state.
Though there is not a ban on selling alcoholic beverages at grocery stores,  New Jersey limits each chain to two licenses, so with only a few exceptions, most supermarkets/convenience stores/gas stations/pharmacies do not sell alcoholic beverages. In addition, liquor sales are only permitted in a separate department or attached sister store.
Bars are allowed to off-sale packaged goods.
With the exception of Jersey City and Newark, all municipalities MUST allow off-sales of beer and wine at any time on-sales are permitted. However, since alcoholic beverages are generally only found in package stores, this right is rarely exercised.
Alcoholic beverages by the drink as well as off-sales of beer and wine are permitted 24 hours a day in Atlantic City and Brigantine.

New Mexico

No

7 a.m. – 2 a.m., except Sundays, for establishments with full dispenser license.[84]
7 a.m. – 11 p.m., except Sundays, for restaurants with beer and wine license.

7 a.m. – midnight except Sundays[85]

Yes

New Mexico issues two types of license for consumption on-premises: a full dispenser license allowing sale of all types of alcohol, or a restaurant license permitting sale of beer and wine only. An additional Sunday permit is available which allows sale (on or off premises) on Sundays from noon until midnight. Exceptions are the prohibition of alcohol sale on Christmas, regardless of the day it falls on,[86] and a Sunday permit allowing of sale (on or off premises) until 2:00 a.m. January 1, if December 31 falls on a Sunday.[87] Sunday permits are only available where approved by voters within a local option district.[88]  Selling, serving and giving alcohol to a minor is a class 4 felony punishable by up to 18 months in prison,[89] except when "a parent, legal guardian or adult spouse of a minor serves alcoholic beverages to that minor on real property, other than licensed premises, under the control of the parent, legal guardian or adult spouse",[90] or for religious purposes.

text: New York–South Dakota[edit]

text:
State

Alcoholic beverage control state

Alcohol sale hours

Grocery Store Sales

Age

Notes

Beer

Wine

Distilled spirits

On-premises

Off-premises

Beer

Wine

Distilled Spirits

Purchasing

Consumption

New York

No

8 a.m. – 4 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  Noon – 4 a.m. (Sun)  Some counties have more restrictive hours.

Beer: 24 hours  Wine & spirits: 8 a.m. – midnight (Mon–Sat)  Noon – 9 p.m. (Sun).

Yes

No

21

Off-premises sale of wine and spirits is only at liquor stores, and beer is not sold at liquor stores; it must be sold at supermarkets and convenience stores. Exchanges for returned items are permitted (at store owners' discretion).[91]
Some counties may retain the Sunday morning beer prohibition which the state discontinued as of July 30, 2006.
Twelve dry towns, mostly in western region of state.
Many counties have more restrictive off-premises hours, such as bans on beer sales overnight (hours vary).
All liquor stores must be owned by a single owner, who owns that store and lives within a certain distance of it—effectively banning chain liquor stores from the state.
New York City law does not allow open containers of alcohol in public.

North Carolina

No

Yes

7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  10 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Sun)

Beer and wine: 7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  10 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Sun)  Liquor: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m. (Mon – Sat)

Yes

No

21

15% ABV cap on beer, 16% cap on unfortified wine, 24% cap on fortified wine.[92]  No "happy hour," "buy one get one free," or "ladies night" style specials allowed.[93]

North Dakota

No

8 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  Noon – 2 a.m. (Sun)

8 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  Noon – 2 a.m. (Sun)

No

21

No off-sale on Thanksgiving Day. No Christmas Day on-sale, nor sales on Christmas Eve after 6 p.m.

Ohio

No

Yes

5:30 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.

5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m.

Yes, under 21% ABV

21

21 or older, unrestricted under supervision of individual's parent or legal guardian or legal age spouse[94]

12% ABV cap on beer was removed on May 31, 2016.[95]  21% ABV cap on wine. Some counties have more restrictive off-premises hours. The Division of Liquor Control does not operate retail outlets; it appoints private businesses to act as its agents and sell its products in exchange for a commission.  Normal proof spirits (>21% ABV) are sold only in a limited number of agent stores.  Many retail outlets sell diluted spirits (diluted by water to 21% ABV) under a more readily obtained permit. No intoxicating liquor shall be handled by any person under twenty-one years of age, except that a person eighteen years of age or older employed by a permit holder may handle or sell beer or intoxicating liquor in sealed containers in connection with wholesale or retail sales, and any person nineteen years of age or older employed by a permit holder may handle intoxicating liquor in open containers when acting in the capacity of a server in a hotel, restaurant, club, or night club.  .[96]
Beverages with less than 0.5% ABV can be sold/given to people under the age of eighteen if given by a physician in the regular line of his practice or given for established religious purposes, or the underage person is accompanied by a parent, spouse who is not an underage person, or legal guardian.[97]

Oklahoma

No

6 a.m. – 2 a.m.

10 a.m. – 9 p.m. (Mon – Sat)

3.2% only

No

21

4.0% ABV/3.2 ABW or higher only sold at room temperature in liquor stores, Liquor Stores closed on Sundays and some holidays. As of 2007, liquor stores are now open on election days. State law prohibits public intoxication, many counties and cities also prohibit public intoxication.

Oregon

No

Yes

7 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.

7 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.[98]

Yes

No

21

Liquor, all of which is state-owned prior to sale to consumers, is sold in private liquor stores. These stores are approved by Oregon's Liquor Commissioners to act as sales agents on the state's behalf.[99]

Pennsylvania

No

Yes

Restaurants, and bars: 7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  11 a.m. - 2 a.m. (Sun)[100]  Clubs: 7 a.m. – 3 a.m.[101]

Beverage Centers and State Run Stores:
9 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon – Sat)  Noon – 5 p.m .  (Sun)[102]
Grocery Stores:
7 a.m. - 10       p.m. (Mon -
Sat)
9 a.m. - 10pm
(Sun)

Yes*

No

21

Spirits can only be sold at state-operated stores. All persons must be at least 21 years of age to enter a state-operated liquor store alone. Beer is not sold at state-operated liquor stores.
Beer (but not wine) to go can be purchased at beverage outlets in any quantity.  Prior to 2015 beverage centers could only sell 24 pack cases or greater. The rules were relaxed to permit sales of beer in any quantity in 2016.
*Beer and wine to go can be purchased in restaurants and grocery stores (at a separate point of purchase for alcohol and prepared foods sales in grocery stores) (six and 12 packs/192oz max. purchase (two six packs)) with Liquor Control Board–issued licenses
Sunday sales were prohibited in LCB stores until 2003 (selected locations) and beverage outlets (owner's option) until 2005.
Special permits may be purchased for certain organizations for fundraisers once per calendar year, and are valid for a total of six days under the same rules governing restaurants.[103]  Grain alcohol prohibited as a beverage.

Rhode Island

No

9 am – 1 a.m. (Mon – Sat)  Noon – 1 a.m. (Sun)

9 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon – Sat)  10 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Sun)[104]

No

21

21

All alcohol may be sold only in liquor stores.  Bars may stay open until 2 a.m. in Providence only on Friday and Saturday nights and nights before a state-recognized holiday.

South Carolina

No

Yes

Liquor: 10 AM - 2 AM. Beer and Wine: Local Option.

Beer and low-alcohol wine: 24 hours  Liquor: 9 a.m. – 7 p.m. (Mon – Sat.)

Yes

No

21

14% ABW (17.5% ABV) cap on beerWine > 16% ABV sold in liquor storesNo hard liquor sales after 7 p.m. and none on Sundays. No off-premises alcohol sales after midnight Saturday until 7 a.m. Monday, except in Aiken, Greenville, Pendleton, Spartanburg, Horry County, Colleton County, Richland County, Charleston County/city, Beaufort County, York County,[105] and Newberry County.[106]

South Dakota

No

Yes

21

14% ABV cap on beer

text: Tennessee–Wyoming, Puerto Rico[edit]

text:
State

Alcoholic beverage control state

Alcohol sale hours

Grocery Stores

Age

Notes

Beer

Wine

Distilled spirits

On-premises

Off-premises

Wine

Beer

Distilled Spirits

Purchasing

Consumption

Tennessee

No

Mon-Sat: 8 a.m. to 3 a.m.; Sun: Noon to 3 a.m. Hours of alcohol sale can be modified by local jurisdictions if approved by the alcohol control commission.

Beer: By municipality.Wine & Spirits: 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. Mon–Sat[107]

Yes

No

21

Wine may be sold in grocery stores. As of January 2018, sales of wine and liquor are no longer limited to on-premises in restaurants on Sundays. Liquor stores may remain open on Sundays, and liquor is permitted to be sold from retail stores for off-premises consumption.[108] Retail stores must be closed for business on Christmas, Thanksgiving Day, Labor Day, New Year's Day, and the Fourth of July. Beer above 8% ABW /10.1% ABV must be sold in liquor stores. Open container law only applies to drivers, not passengers.[109] It is legal to carry alcohol in a non-glass container on the Beale Street stretch in Memphis. While most clubs allow drinks to be carried outside, many do not allow drinks from outside.

Texas

No

Monday-Friday: 7am-midnightSaturday: 7am-1amSunday: Noon to 12 midnight.Some cities/counties permit sale until 2am (with license).

Beer/Non-hard liquor: 7 a.m. to midnight (Mon.-Fri.)7 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. (Sat.)Noon to midnight (Sun.) Hard Liquor:10 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Mon.-Sat.)

Yes

No

21

No alcohol cap but ABV > 15.5% requires additional license, so many places are beer/wine only.Wet/dry issues determined by city/county election.Liquor stores statewide closed all day Sunday.An alcoholic beverage served (on-premises) to a customer between 10 a.m. and noon on Sunday may only be provided during the service of food to the customer. Eleven Texas counties are completely dry.[110] In many counties, public intoxication laws are vigorously upheld.[111] Texas law permits consumption by minors (any age under 21) if in the "visible presence" of a parent, guardian or adult spouse. (Section 106.04) Possession by minors is permitted as part of employment or education, or in the visible presence of an adult parent, guardian or spouse, or supervision of a commissioned peace officer. (Section 106.05) There are also exemptions for minors requesting or receiving medical attention.

Utah

Yes

Restaurants: Noon to midnight for liquor, 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. for beer. Bars may serve liquor from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.

Varies by state liquor store hours

3.2 only

No

21

ABV > 4.0+% sold in state-controlled stores only. 3.2% ABW (4.0% ABV) beer may be sold at grocery stores and convenience stores. State-controlled stores close on Sundays and cease operations no later than 10 p.m. the rest of the week. Restaurants must buy from the state-controlled store (no delivery) at retail prices. No alcohol is served in restaurants without purchase of food. Sales of kegs prohibited. Importation of alcohol into the state by private individuals generally prohibited.

Vermont

No

Yes

8 a.m. – 2 a.m.

6 a.m. – midnight

Yes

No

21

ABV > 16% beer and ABV > 16% wine are only available through state liquor stores (most of which are integrated within grocery and beverage stores[112]). A 2008 bill allows the sale of beer in grocery and convenience stores up to ABV 16%.

Virginia

No

Yes

6 a.m. – 2 a.m. No restrictions at any time for club licensees.

6 a.m. – 11:59 p.m. except local blue law.

Yes

No

21

Licensed supermarkets, convenience stores, and gas stations may sell beer and wine. Off-premises sales no later than 12 midnight. Liquor stores are owned and operated by the Commonwealth and are generally open 10am-9pm Monday-Saturday and from 12pm-6pm on Sunday.

Washington

No

6 a.m. – 2 a.m. (A local government subdivision may establish later opening hours or earlier closing hours.)

Yes

21

Beer and wine are available in specialty stores, grocery stores, convenience stores, department stores, taverns, and other locations licensed by the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. Spirits are available in stores greater than 10,000 sq ft (grocery stores, big box liquor chains). There are two exceptions to the 10,000-sq-ft rule: 1) Former State and Contract Liquor Stores that reopened under private ownership may also sell spirits provided they have been issued a new license from the state. 2) Cities, mostly in rural areas, that do not have a store that meets the minimum floor space may be allowed to sell spirits if the Liquor Control Board deems that there are no sufficient establishments within the trade area.

West Virginia

No

Yes

Beer/Wine: Mon-Sat:7 am-2 am, Sun:1 pm-2 am
Liquor: Mon-Sat:8 am-Midnight, Sun: Prohibited

Mon-Fri:7 am-3:30 am, Sat: 7A-3:00A, Sun:1 pm-3 am

Yes

21

12% ABV Cap on Beer.  75% ABV spirits Permitted.  Liquor, wine and beer products that are not already in closed packaging must be bagged before exiting retail locations.  State no longer operates retail stores (formerly State ABC Stores); Number of privately owned stores restricted according to county or city population. All stores are state contracted; Bars and clubs must purchase liquor from state contracted private stores in person. State retains monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.

Wisconsin

No

6 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sunday–Thursday, 2:30 a.m. Friday–Saturday, no closing time on New Year's Day.

6 a.m. – midnight for beer (some counties and municipalities only allow sales until 9 p.m. for beer), 6 a.m. – 9 p.m. for liquor and wine

By local ordinance

21

Wisconsin permits the consumption of alcohol by minors, provided they are being supervised by parents/guardians/spouses. Most municipalities have a uniform 9 p.m. restriction on all alcohol sales. Notable exceptions: Kenosha, Green Bay, La Crosse, Maple Bluff (near Madison), Baraboo (near the Dells). Supermarkets, liquor stores, and gas stations may sell liquor, wine, and beer. Law changed effective 12/7/2011 to allow all liquor sales to begin at 6 a.m.
Nonalcoholic beer is not regulated by state law.

Wyoming

No

Yes

6.00 a.m. – 2.00 a.m.

Yes[113]

21

Clubs holding liquor licenses may be exempt from the hours of operation here specified by local ordinance or regulation of the appropriate licensing authority, but it does not seem to happen in practice

Puerto Rico

No

No territory-wide mandated last call

No territory-wide mandated hours of operation for liquor stores, but sales prohibited on Election Day and during hurricane emergencies; some municipalities prohibit sales after midnight weekdays or 2:00 weekends.

Beer, wine and spirits available for sale in supermarkets, convenience stores and drug stores as well as liquor stores.

18

Minimum drinking age is 18.Drinking on the street is illegal in San Juan (except in designated areas during selected street festivals) but not in all cities.


document_title: Face Off (TV series)

question_text: when does the next season of face off start

root

text: Face Off (TV series)

text: Format[edit]

text: Face Off is presented as a progressive elimination competition between 12 and 16 make-up artists. Each week, the artists face a "Spotlight Challenge" that tests their artistry and techniques to create a full makeup character to match a theme over the course of 3 days. The first day allows for concept design and sculpting for five hours, a second day of 9½ to 10 hours for work in finishing the molding, and a final day of 4 hours in applying the makeup before a one-hour "Last Look" for touch ups. The judges then have the opportunity to look at the makeups from afar and up close, and decide a series of top and bottom looks for the week. One artist will be deemed the winner, sometimes receiving a special bonus prize such as immunity from elimination or a cash reward, and one artist will be eliminated from the running for the grand prize. Some episodes also feature a "Foundation Challenge", a smaller challenge that introduces a new technique on a smaller scale, and the winner is awarded an advantage for that week's Spotlight Challenge, ranging from immunity from elimination to receiving a first choice of theme. More recent seasons have included a "Guantlet" challenge, where the artists must complete in three rounds of challenges over two days, with either rounds scored on a point system to determine the winner and loser, or the winners of individual rounds considered safe and do not need to participate in the future rounds.

tag: p

text: The elimination format proceeds until three or four contestants are left. At this point, they are generally given a larger assignment typically involving the makeup of two or more actors for a short film or similar setpiece to feature their work. The judges review the make-up within the context of this final setpiece to determine the winner. The Face Off winner receives US$100,000 and a year's supply of makeup from Alcone (changed to US$25,000 of makeup in season 2),[5] a "grand prize that will launch a career".[6] The second season added the 2012 Toyota Camry Hybrid to its prize package. The Season 3 grand prize winner will receive the same US$25,000 of Alcone makeup and US$100,000 cash prize, in addition to the opportunity to become a guest lecturer at the "Make up for Ever Academy" in New York and Paris, and the Toyota Prius v. The prize package for season 4 remains the same with the exception of the 2013 Fiat 500 replacing the Prius V as the prize vehicle.

text: Production and development[edit]

text: Syfy began the development of Face Off in March 2010 in association with production company Mission Control Media.[7] Syfy confirmed that it had ordered the series in May,[6] and announced the host and judges in November.[2] Producers held open casting calls in Los Angeles and Orlando, Florida and accepted audition videos through September 15.[8]

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Season
Premiere
Finale
Winner
Runners-Up
Number of contestants
Number of episodes

1
January 26, 2011
March 16, 2011
Conor McCullagh
Gage Hubbard
Tate Steinsiek
12
8

2
January 11, 2012
March 14, 2012
Rayce Bird
Ian Cromer
Robert "RJ" Haddy
14
10

3
August 21, 2012
October 31, 2012
Nicole Chilelli
Laura Tyler
Derek Garcia
12
12

4
January 15, 2013
March 26, 2013
Anthony Kosar
Kristian "Kris" Kobzina
Wayne Anderson
14
11

5
August 13, 2013
November 5, 2013
Laura Tyler
Tate Steinsiek
Roy Wooley
16
13

6
January 14, 2014
April 22, 2014
Rashaad Santiago
George Schminky
Tyler Green
15
15

7
July 22, 2014
October 28, 2014
Dina Cimarusti
Cig Neutron
Drew Talbot
16
14

8
January 13, 2015
April 14, 2015
Darla Edin
Emily Serpico
Logan Long
15
14

9
July 28, 2015
October 27, 2015
Nora Hewitt
Ben Ploughman
Evan Hedges
16
14

10
January 13, 2016
April 13, 2016
Rob Seal
Melissa Ebbe
Walter Welsh
14
14

11
January 24, 2017 [9]
April 25, 2017
Cig Neutron
Emily Serpico
George Troester III
16 [9]
14

12
June 13, 2017
August 22, 2017
Andrew Freeman
KC Mussman
Kierstin Lapatka
12
10

13[10]
2018
2018

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2011)[edit]

text: The first season of Face Off was won by Conor McCullagh of Orlando, Florida. Face Off Season 1 drew an average audience of 1.4 million viewers per episode during season 1.[11]

text: Season 2 (2012)[edit]

text: The second season of Face Off was won by Rayce Bird of Shelley, Idaho. Season 2 premiere episode posted the best ratings performance for any Syfy original series since November ‘09,[12] even increasing from those ratings in subsequent episodes.[13] The finale drew over 2.4 million viewers,[14] and was SyFy's most watched unscripted telecast ever.[15]

text: Season 3 (2012)[edit]

text: Syfy held open call auditions for the third season on November 19, 2011 in Los Angeles, California and Orlando, Florida. Filming began during the spring of 2012 to be ready for a summer release. The third season of Face Off premiered on August 21, 2012. The selected contestants were revealed to the public on June 29, 2012. This is the first season of the show where two relatives have been selected as contestants: fraternal twin brothers Eric and Derek Garcia were among those chosen to participate. While Neill and Hetrick remain as judges, concept designer Neville Page became a replacement judge with Tatopoulos appearing in the season premiere, a subsequent episode, and the finale.[16] The season finale was broadcast live on Halloween, October 31, 2012 and viewers voted for the winner. Halfway through the season the first five eliminated contestants (excluding Joe Castro who was the first contestant ever disqualified from the competition in the season premiere) were allowed to compete in a foundation challenge, with the victor returning to the show. This challenge was won by Nicole Chilelli of Sacramento, California, who went on to become this season's champion.[17]

text: Season 4 (2013)[edit]

text: Syfy picked up Face Off for a fourth season on October 9, 2012 which premiered January 15, 2013.[18] A sneak peek of the upcoming season premiered during the live season 3 finale. Season 4 was won by Anthony Kosar of Chicago, Illinois.

text: Season 5 (2013)[edit]

text: Syfy picked up Face Off for a fifth season.[19] During season 4's Face-Off redemption, Eric Zapata won a place as one of the eight returning contestants who are to compete against eight new contestants. This was the second season that a contestant voluntarily left the competition, when Laney Parkhurst departed in episode 11. The season was won by Laura Tyler of Orlando, Florida, who was a finalist on season 3.

text: Season 6 (2014)[edit]

text: Season 6 started January 14, 2014. This season was won by Rashaad Santiago of The Bronx, New York City, New York. This season had a theme of "extremes". During this season the judges had the power to save one contestant who would have normally been eliminated. This season also featured a trip to Tokyo, Japan, where the artists competed in an Oni foundation challenge and found inspiration for an Anime spotlight challenge.

text: Season 7 (2014)[edit]

text: Season 7 was announced on April 18, 2014.[20] It premiered on July 22, 2014. This season features a fourth judge, Lois Burwell. Season 7 was won by Dina Cimarusti of Chicago, Illinois. This season also focused on the theme of "life and death" and used this theme for many of the challenges. This season employed the one-time save of an eliminated contestant that was introduced in season 6.

text: Season 8 (2015)[edit]

text: Season 8 was announced on October 22, 2014. It was premiered on January 13, 2015. During this season the 15 new artists are placed into three teams of five, each coached by a previous winner of Face Off. The coaches were Rayce Bird (Season 2 Winner), Anthony Kosar (Season 4 Winner), and Laura Tyler (Season 3 Runner Up, Season 5 Winner). If every member of a coaches team is eliminated, that coach leaves the competition as well. This season was won by Darla Edin of Minneapolis, Minnesota. She was part of Team Laura, making Laura the first person to win Face Off twice.

text: Season 9 (2015)[edit]

text: Season 9 was announced on April 8, 2015. It premiered on July 28, 2015. This season had a theme of "surprises" and featured two new challenge formats: focus challenges and The Gauntlet. In a focus challenge, the artists are given two days (as opposed to the usual three allotted for a spotlight challenge) to create a makeup that focuses on the face and strong application is emphasized. The Gauntlet is a series of three consecutive foundation challenges, each testing a different aspect of the artists' abilities. The least successful artist after the three rounds is eliminated. The season finale took place on October 27, 2015. The winner of season 9 was Nora Hewitt of Barkhamsted, Connecticut.

text: Season 10 (2016)[edit]

text: Season 10 was announced on October 27, 2015. It premiered on January 13, 2016. In this season the judges were allowed to save one contestant who would normally be eliminated, a device previously used in seasons 6 and 7. The winner of this season was Rob Seal of Lake View Terrace, California.

text: Season 11 (2017)[edit]

text: Season 11 premiered on January 24, 2017. The season featured an all star cast of 16 returning contestants and had all of them working in teams of two until episode 8. From this episode 9, the competition is individual. The winner was Cig Neutron of Los Angeles, California, who was a finalist in Season 7.

text: Season 12 (2017)[edit]

text: Season 12 premiered on June 13, 2017. This season, 12 new artists were split into two competing FX shops. The winner of this season was Andrew Freeman of Glendora, California.

text: Season 13 (2018)[edit]

text: Season 13 was announced on January 6, 2018.[21]

text: Cast appearance chart[edit]


document_title: Taylor (surname)

question_text: where did the last name taylor come from

text: Taylor (surname)

text:
"Taylor"

The name Taylor comes from those who used to hold the occupation of tailor, as seen above.

Pronunciation
/ˈteɪlər/ TAY-lər

Origin

Region of origin
France

Word/Name
France

Meaning
"tailor"

Other names

Variant(s)
Schneider, Khayat

text: Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning tailor) in France[1][2] It is derived from the Old French tailleur ("cutter"),[3] which is in turn derived from the Late Latin taliator, from taliare ("to cut").[4][5] The first historical evidence of the surname dates to the County of Somerset, South West England in 1182.[6] "Taylor" is the fifth-most common surname in England, the 11th-most common in Scotland and the 22nd-most common in Wales.[1][7] It is also common in other English speaking countries (especially Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, where it was the tenth most frequently encountered surname in the 2000 US Census),[8] but has a low incidence in Ireland, where it is mostly concentrated in the North.[1] It is often the anglicized form of the German surname Schneider.[9]

text: Geographical distribution[edit]

text: At the time of the United Kingdom Census of 1881, the frequency of the surname "Taylor" was highest in the following counties:[10]

text:
1. Kincardineshire (1: 75)
2. Kinross-shire (1: 89)
3. Lancashire (1: 90)
4. Worcestershire (1: 100)
5. Orkney (1: 100)
6. Aberdeenshire (1: 101)
7. Derbyshire (1: 102)
8. Banffshire (1: 103)
9. Westmorland (1: 106)
10. Herefordshire (1: 111)

tag: ul

text: As of 2014, the frequency of the surname was highest in the following countries and territories:

text:
1. Turks and Caicos Islands (1: 107)
2. The Bahamas (1: 174)
3. Montserrat (1: 214)
4. Jamaica (1: 218)
5. Liberia (1: 259)
6. Guernsey (1: 280)
7. Norfolk Island (1: 288)
8. Saint Kitts and Nevis (1: 291)
9. Barbados (1: 304)
10. Scotland (1: 306)
11. England (1: 310)
12. Australia (1: 312)

text: As of 2014, 57.9% of all known bearers of the surname "Taylor" were residents of the United States. The frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1: 407) in the following U.S. states:[10]

text:
1. Mississippi (1: 197)
2. Tennessee (1: 212)
3. Alabama (1: 224)
4. West Virginia (1: 225)
5. Arkansas (1: 229)
6. Kentucky (1: 250)
7. Utah (1: 252)
8. Virginia (1: 255)
9. South Carolina (1: 261)
10. North Carolina (1: 270)
11. Oklahoma (1: 274)
12. Louisiana (1: 284)
13. Delaware (1: 292)
14. Maryland (1: 297)
15. Idaho (1: 309)
16. Georgia (1: 325)
17. Indiana (1: 335)
18. Missouri (1: 345)
19. Texas (1: 355)
20. D.C. (1: 359)
21. Wyoming (1: 367)
22. Ohio (1: 374)
23. Kansas (1: 375)
24. Michigan (1: 382)
25. Oregon (1: 396)

text: The frequency of the surname was highest (over four times the national average) in the following U.S. counties:

text:
1. Wayne County, Utah (1: 25)
2. Bacon County, Georgia (1: 31)
3. Clay County, W.Va. (1: 47)
4. Haywood County, Tenn. (1: 50)
5. Borden County, Texas (1: 53)
6. McCreary County, Ky. (1: 64)
7. Dickens County, Texas (1: 64)
8. Tallahatchie County, Miss. (1: 69)
9. Thomas County, Neb. (1: 70)
10. Yakutat, Alaska (1: 74)
11. Accomack County, Va. (1: 74)
12. Pleasants County, W. Va. (1: 74)
13. Sussex County, Va. (1: 75)
14. Noxubee County, Miss. (1: 76)
15. Red River Parish, La. (1: 79)
16. Roane County, W.Va. (1: 81)
17. Ware County, Ga. (1: 82)
18. Essex County, Va. (1: 82)
19. Greene County, N.C. (1: 82)
20. Washington County, Ala. (1: 84)
21. Lauderdale County, Tenn. (1: 86)
22. Judith Basin County, Mont. (1: 88)
23. Buckingham County, Va. (1: 89)
24. Lamar County, Ala. (1: 90)
25. Lowndes County, Ala. (1: 90)
26. Marion County, Ala. (1: 94)
27. Martin County, N.C. (1: 94)
28. Grayson County, Va. (1: 95)
29. Jones County, N.C. (1: 95)
30. Moore County, Tenn. (1: 95)
31. Northampton County, N.C. (1: 99)
32. Lenoir County, N.C. (1: 100)
33. Bolivar County, Miss. (1: 100)
34. Tunica County, Miss. (1: 101)
35. DeKalb County, Tenn. (1: 101)


document_title: President-elect of the United States

question_text: who elect the president of the united states

text: President-elect of the United States

text: Constitutional criteria[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, along with the Twelfth and Twentieth Amendments govern the election of the U.S. President. The procedure is also regulated by federal and state laws. Under federal Law, the presidential electors (the members of the Electoral College) must be "appointed, in each state, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in every fourth year". Thus, all states appoint their electors on the same date, in November, once every four years. However, the manner of appointment of the electors is determined by the law of each State.

text: Currently, in every state, an election by the people is the method employed for the choice of the members of the Electoral College; however, any state remains free to change its manner of appointing its slate of members of the Electoral College, so that the law of a state could, for instance, prescribe election by the state legislature, or even choice by the state's governor, as the manner of appointment of the electors representing the state. In spite of that theoretical possibility, a popular election in each state is the established method of selection of the members of the Electoral College, and given that all the statewide elections happen on the same date, the simultaneous elections resemble a national general election.

text: On the Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors of each state meet in their respective state capitals (and the electors of the District of Columbia meet in the federal capital) and in those meetings the electors cast their votes for President and Vice President of the United States.

text: At the conclusion of their meetings, the electors of each state and of the District of Columbia then execute a "certificate of vote" (in several original copies), declaring the vote count in each meeting. To each certificate of vote, a certificate of ascertainment is annexed. Each state's (and the District of Columbia's) certificate of ascertainment is the official document (usually signed by the governor of the state and/or by the state's secretary of state) that declares the names of the electors, certifying their appointment as members of the Electoral College. Given that in all states the electors are currently chosen by popular election, the certificate of ascertainment also declares the results of the popular vote that decided the appointment of the electors. The electors in each state and of the District of Columbia then send the certificates of vote, with the enclosed certificates of ascertainment, to the President of the U.S. Senate.

text: The electoral votes are counted in a joint session of Congress in early January (on January 6 as required by 3 U.S. Code, Chapter 1 or an alternative date set by statute) and if the ballots are accepted without objections, the candidate winning at least 270 electoral votes (a majority of the total number of votes) is announced as having been elected President of the United States by the incumbent Vice President, in their capacity as President of the Senate.

text: Electoral College role[edit]

text: No constitutional provision or federal law requires electors to vote according to the results of their state's popular vote, though some states bind their electors to their pledges by state law. Historically, there have been only a few instances of "faithless electors" casting their ballots for a candidate to whom they were not pledged, and such instances have never resulted in changing the final outcome of a presidential election. The popular vote does not declare the presidency but the Electoral College vote does. Even if the popular vote goes to one candidate, another may win the electoral vote and the presidency, as has happened in 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016.

text: Congressional reports[edit]

text: Two congressional reports found that the president-elect is the eventual winner of the majority of electoral ballots cast in December. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress, in its 2004 report "Presidential and Vice Presidential Succession: Overview and Current Legislation,"[2] discussed the question of when candidates who have received a majority of electoral votes become president-elect. The report notes that the constitutional status of the president-elect is disputed:

text: Some commentators doubt whether an official president- and vice president-elect exist prior to the electoral votes being counted and announced by Congress on January 6, maintaining that this is a problematic contingency lacking clear constitutional or statutory direction. Others assert that once a majority of electoral votes has been cast for one ticket, then the recipients of these votes become the president- and vice president-elect, notwithstanding the fact that the electoral votes are not counted and certified until the following January 6.

text: The CRS report quotes the 1933 U.S. House committee report accompanying the Twentieth Amendment as endorsing the latter view:

text: It will be noted that the committee uses the term "president elect" in its generally accepted sense, as meaning the person who has received the majority of electoral votes, or the person who has been chosen by the House of Representatives in the event that the election is thrown into the House. It is immaterial whether or not the votes have been counted, for the person becomes the president-elect as soon as the votes are cast.[3]

text: Both reports make clear that becoming president-elect is contingent upon winning a majority of the electoral votes cast.

text: President-elect succession[edit]

text: Scholars have noted that the national committees of the Democratic and Republican parties have adopted rules for selecting replacement candidates in the event of a nominee's death, either before or after the general election. If the apparent winner of the general election dies before the Electoral College votes in December the electors probably would endorse whatever new nominee their national party selects as a replacement (although they may be prevented from doing so in many states, because those states have laws requiring electors to vote for the person to which they are pledged, and some states invalidate votes that were cast for anyone else). If the apparent winner dies between the College's December vote and its counting in Congress in January, the Twelfth Amendment stipulates that all electoral ballots cast shall be counted, presumably even those for a dead candidate. The U.S. House committee reporting on the proposed Twentieth Amendment said the "Congress would have 'no discretion' [and] 'would declare that the deceased candidate had received a majority of the votes.'"[4]

text: The words president elect appear four times in the Constitution, and they didn’t appear until 1933, when the Twentieth Amendment, which contained a provision addressing the unavailability of the president elect to take the oath of office on Inauguration Day, was ratified.[5] Section 3 provides that if there is no president-elect on January 20, or the president-elect "fails to qualify", the vice president-elect would become acting president on January 20 until there is a qualified president. The section also provides that if the president-elect dies before noon on January 20, the vice president-elect becomes president. In cases where there is no president-elect or vice president-elect, the amendment also gives the Congress the authority to declare an acting president until such time as there is a president or vice president. At this point the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 would apply, with the office of the Presidency going to the speaker of the House of Representatives, followed by the president pro tempore of the Senate and various Cabinet officers.

text: The closest instance of there being no qualified person to take the presidential oath of office on Inauguration Day happened in 1877, when the disputed election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden was decided and certified in Hayes’ favor just three days before the inauguration (then March 4). It might have been a possibility on several other occasions as well. In January 1853, President-elect Franklin Pierce survived a train accident that killed his 11-year-old son. Four years later, President-elect James Buchanan battled a serious illness contracted at the National Hotel in Washington, D.C., as he planned his inauguration. Additionally, on February 15, 1933, just 23 days after the Twentieth Amendment went into effect, President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt survived an assassination attempt in Miami, Florida. The amendment's provision moving inauguration day from March 4, to January 20, would not take effect until 1937, but its three provisions about a president-elect went into effect immediately.[5] If the assassination attempt on Roosevelt had been successful then, pursuant to Section 3 of the amendment, Vice President-elect John Nance Garner would have been sworn in as president on Inauguration Day.

text: Presidential transitions[edit]

text: Recent presidents-elect have assembled transition teams to prepare for a smooth transfer of power following the inauguration. Outgoing presidents have cooperated with the president-elect on important policy matters during the last two months of the president's term to ensure a smooth transition and continuity of operations that have significant national interests. Before the ratification of the Twentieth Amendment in 1933, which moved the start of the presidential term to January, the president-elect did not assume office until March, four months after the popular election.

text: Under the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (P.L. 88-277),[6] amended by the Presidential Transitions Effectiveness Act of 1998 (P.L. 100-398),[7] the Presidential Transition Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-293),[8][9] and the Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-283),[10] the President-Elect is entitled to request and receive certain privileges from the General Services Administration as he prepares to assume office.

text: Section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 was enacted to help smooth transitions between incoming and outgoing presidential administrations. To that end, provisions such as office space, telecommunication services, transition staff members are allotted, upon request, to the President-Elect, though the Act grants the President-elect no official powers and makes no mention of an "Office of the President-Elect."[6]

text: In 2008, President-elect Barack Obama gave numerous speeches and press conferences in front of a placard emblazoned with "Office of the President Elect"[11] and used the same term on his website.[12] British journalist Tony Allen-Mills disputed the office as "a bogus concoction that has no basis in the U.S. Constitution."[13] President-elect Donald Trump did likewise on January 11, 2017.[14]

text: The Presidential Transition Act of 1963[1] further authorizes the Administrator of the General Services Administration to certify, even before the December vote of the Electoral College, the apparent winner of the November general election as the president-elect for the purposes of receiving federal transition funding, office space and communications services prior to the beginning of the new administration on January 20.[15]

text: The president-elect assumes office as the next president of the United States upon the expiration of the term of the previous officeholder at noon on January 20. This procedure has been the subject of many misinterpretations and urban legends, such as the myth of David Rice Atchison's one-day-long presidency, which is predicated upon false assumptions and a logical flaw. Taking the formal oath of office does not affect the automatic accession to and occupation of the office of the presidency, which, in the case of the president, proceeds, ipso facto, from the expiration of the predecessor's term and the immediate start of the new four-year term. The oath of office is necessary so that the president can "enter upon the execution" of their office, but they are already president from the start of their term.[citation needed]

text: The president-elect and vice president-elect receive mandatory protection from the United States Secret Service. Since the 1968 assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, major-party candidates also receive such protection during the election campaign.

text: List of presidents-elect[edit]

text:
Nonpartisan    Federalist    Democratic-Republican   Democratic   Whig    Republican

President–elect
Party
From
To

1
George Washington

Nonpartisan
April 6, 1789[16]
April 30, 1789

2
John Adams

Federalist
December 1796
March 4, 1797

3
Thomas Jefferson

Democratic-Republican
February 17, 1801[17]
March 4, 1801

4
James Madison
Democratic-Republican
December 1808
March 4, 1809

5
James Monroe
Democratic-Republican
December 1816
March 4, 1817

6
John Quincy Adams
Democratic-Republican
February 9, 1825[17]
March 4, 1825

7
Andrew Jackson

Democratic
December 3, 1828
March 4, 1829

8
Martin Van Buren
Democratic
December 7, 1836
March 4, 1837

9
William Henry Harrison

Whig
December 2, 1840
March 4, 1841

10
James K. Polk

Democratic
December 4, 1844
March 4, 1845

11
Zachary Taylor

Whig
November 7, 1848
March 4, 1849

12
Franklin Pierce

Democratic
November 2, 1852
March 4, 1853

13
James Buchanan
Democratic
November 4, 1856
March 4, 1857

14
Abraham Lincoln

Republican
November 6, 1860
March 4, 1861

15
Ulysses S. Grant
Republican
November 3, 1868
March 4, 1869

16
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican
March 2, 1877
March 4, 1877

17
James A. Garfield
Republican
November 2, 1880
March 4, 1881

18
Grover Cleveland

Democratic
November 4, 1884
March 4, 1885

19
Benjamin Harrison

Republican
November 6, 1888
March 4, 1889

20
Grover Cleveland

Democratic
November 8, 1892
March 4, 1893

21
William McKinley

Republican
November 3, 1896
March 4, 1897

22
William Howard Taft
Republican
November 3, 1908
March 4, 1909

23
Woodrow Wilson

Democratic
November 5, 1912
March 4, 1913

24
Warren G. Harding

Republican
November 2, 1920
March 4, 1921

25
Herbert Hoover
Republican
November 6, 1928
March 4, 1929

26
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Democratic
November 8, 1932
March 4, 1933

27
Dwight D. Eisenhower

Republican
November 4, 1952
January 20, 1953

28
John F. Kennedy

Democratic
November 8, 1960
January 20, 1961

29
Richard Nixon

Republican
November 5, 1968
January 20, 1969

30
Jimmy Carter

Democratic
November 2, 1976
January 20, 1977

31
Ronald Reagan

Republican
November 4, 1980
January 20, 1981

32
George H. W. Bush
Republican
November 8, 1988
January 20, 1989

33
Bill Clinton

Democratic
November 3, 1992
January 20, 1993

34
George W. Bush

Republican
December 13, 2000[18]
January 20, 2001

35
Barack Obama

Democratic
November 4, 2008
January 20, 2009

36
Donald Trump

Republican
November 8, 2016
January 20, 2017

text: Vice President-elect[edit]

text: During the presidential transition period, the president-elect's running mate is known as the Vice President-elect. As with the title President-elect, it applies to the person determined by the GSA Administrator to be the apparent successful candidate for the office of Vice President after the general election.[1]

text: If the Vice President-elect dies or resigns before the meeting of the Electoral College in December, the National Committee of the winning party would, in consultation with the president-elect, choose a new Vice President-elect. If such a vacancy were to occur after the electoral votes had been cast in the states, most authorities maintain that no replacement would be chosen and the new President (after taking office) would nominate a Vice President, per the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution.[19]

text: Before ratification of the 25th Amendment in 1967, the Constitution contained no provision for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency. As a result, when one occurred (and did 16 times), the office was left vacant until filled through the next ensuing election and inauguration. Since 1967, the Vice Presidency has been vacant twice, and a successor was nominated each time to fill the vacancy in accordance with the 25th Amendment. The first instance was in 1973, when Gerald Ford was nominated by President Richard Nixon to succeed Spiro Agnew, who had resigned. The second came in 1974, when Ford, who had succeeded to the presidency following Nixon's resignation, nominated Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.[20][21] During both vacancies, the nominee was called Vice President-designate, instead of Vice President-elect, as neither had been elected to the office. As a result of these events, the nation has had two more Vice Presidents than it has had Vice President-elects. While he is currently the 48th U.S. Vice President, Mike Pence was the 46th person to be Vice President-elect.


document_title: Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure

question_text: who played ted in bill and ted excellent adventure

text: Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Futuristic City, 2688, humanity exists as a utopian society due to the inspiration of the music and wisdom of the Two Great Ones: Bill S. Preston, Esq. and Ted "Theodore" Logan. Rufus is tasked by the leaders to travel back to San Dimas, California, in 1988 using a time machine disguised as a telephone booth to ensure that Bill and Ted, who are dimwitted metalhead slacker high school students, get a good grade in their final history oral report and pass the class. Should they fail, Ted's father, Police Captain John Logan, plans to ship Ted to a military academy in Alaska, ending Bill and Ted's fledgling band, the "Wyld Stallyns", thus altering the future. Bill, meanwhile, has a crush on his father's new wife Missy who's just a few years older than Bill himself.

text: Bill and Ted struggle with the report, which asks them to envision how three historical figures would see San Dimas in the present. While they are asking strangers at the local Circle K convenience store for help, Rufus arrives in the time machine. The two are distrustful until the time machine arrives again nearby, out from which step future versions of Bill and Ted. They prove to their younger selves that they are really them and that they should trust Rufus. They privately ask Rufus a question and then depart. The younger versions of Bill and Ted accept Rufus' offer to take them into the past. Rufus takes them to a battlefield in Austria, 1805 where Napoleon Bonaparte is commanding the French army against Austria. They return to the present, unaware that the time machine has caught Napoleon in its wake and pulled him along. Landing near Ted's house, Rufus reminds them that they must still reach the school on time to give their report and then departs, returning the time machine to them. The two discover Napoleon after he falls out of a nearby tree, and come up with the idea of kidnapping other historical figures to bring to the present. They leave Napoleon with Ted's younger brother, Deacon, and start traveling through time.

text: The two befriend Billy the Kid in The Old West, 1879 and Socrates in Ancient Greece, 410 BC before stopping in London, 1461 where they become infatuated with Princesses Elizabeth and Joanna. The teens anger the princesses' father, Henry VI of England, who orders their beheading, but they are rescued by Billy and Socrates. They are forced to leave without the princesses and, in the escape, the telephone booth is damaged. Dialing a random number, they land next in the Utopian future, where Bill and Ted are amazed by the music playing and that the citizens worship them. They leave after a brief stay and, believing they have plenty of time before the report, start collecting more historical figures for extra credit, including Sigmund Freud in Vienna, 1901, Ludwig van Beethoven in Kassel, 1810, Joan of Arc in Orléans, 1429, Genghis Khan in Mongolia, 1209, and Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D.C., 1863. Having run out of room in the phone booth, Bill and Ted finally discover the time machine is damaged.

text: After making ad hoc repairs to the time machine, Bill and Ted try to return to the present but land outside the Circle K, recognizing the situation they previously witnessed. After reassuring their younger selves, they learn from Rufus how to dial the right number to get to their present and that they are running out of time. Once they arrive to the present, Bill's mother has him, Ted, and the historical figures get their household chores done before taking them to the local mall, where the historical figures are left to experience San Dimas while Bill and Ted look for Napoleon; Ted finds Deacon had ditched Napoleon earlier out of embarrassment, but they later find him at the water slide park "Waterloo" (the name based on the Napoleon's famous battle of "Waterloo") with the irony lost on Bill and Ted. Meanwhile, the historical figures had caused trouble at the mall and have been arrested by Captain Logan. Upon discovering this, Bill and Ted figure out how they can use the time machine to set up an event at the police station to allow them to free the historical figures without getting caught. After freeing them, Bill's mother drives them all to the high school and arrive just in time, where they give an impressive presentation with the help of the historical figures that receives a standing ovation. They pass their course and return the historical figures to their proper times.

text: Later, as Bill and Ted are practicing, Rufus arrives, showing he had rescued the princesses from England and introduced them to the modern world, and that they become part of Wyld Stallyns. Elated, Bill and Ted resume their practice with their usual ineptitude, with Rufus breaking the fourth wall and promising, "They do get better..."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Main

Keanu Reeves as Ted "Theodore" Logan
Alex Winter as Bill S. Preston Esq.
George Carlin as Rufus

Historical Figures

Terry Camilleri as Napoleon Bonaparte
Dan Shor as Billy the Kid
Tony Steedman as Socrates
Rod Loomis as Sigmund Freud
Al Leong as Genghis Khan
Jane Wiedlin as Joan of Arc
Robert V. Barron as Abraham Lincoln
Clifford David as Ludwig van Beethoven

Supporting

Hal Landon Jr. as Captain Jonathan "John" Logan
Bernie Casey as Mr. Ryan
Amy Stock-Poynton as Missy/Mom Preston
J. Patrick McNamara as Mr. Preston
Frazier Bain as Deacon Logan
John Karlsen as Evil Duke
Diane Franklin as Princess Joanna
Kimberley LaBelle as Princess Elizabeth

The Three Supreme Beings of the Future

Clarence Clemons
Martha Davis
Fee Waybill

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot in 1987 in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, mostly in and around Scottsdale's Coronado High School. Coronado's auditorium was torn down during 2005-07 renovations, but its unique roof and intricate exterior mosaic, seen in an opening scene when Bill and Ted leave school in a red Mustang, was saved and moved, piece by piece, to the new auditorium. The interior shots of the auditorium were filmed inside the East High School auditorium, which was in Phoenix on 48th Street just north of Van Buren. East High School was demolished in 2002 as part of a redevelopment project. The production also shot a sequence on the Western Street on the back lot of Southwestern Studio in Carefree, Arizona. Odescalchi castle was used as Henry VI's castle.

text: The scenes at Waterloo are a combination of establishing shots at Raging Waters in San Dimas and shots with the actors at Golfland Sunsplash in Mesa, Arizona. The bowling alley was a Fair Lanes-branded alley at that time but is now the AMF Tempe Village Lanes on Rural Road at US 60, three miles south of Arizona State University. The mall was Phoenix Metrocenter, between Peoria and Dunlap Avenues at Interstate 17. It has since been renovated and no longer looks as it did in the film. The Circle K store is at the intersection of Southern and Hardy in Tempe.[4][5]

text: The film also employs computer-generated imagery for the scenes where Bill & Ted are travelling through the 'Circuits of Time', created by the VFX house Perpetual Motion Pictures.

text: The film's writers, Ed Solomon and Chris Matheson, appear in the film's ice cream scene. Solomon is credited as the "stupid" waiter, and Matheson is credited as the "ugly" waiter. They are given similar credits in Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey.

text: When Rufus plays his guitar solo, the hands in the close-up are those of Stevie Salas, who composed the film's guitar music.[6]

text: The film took nearly two years to make. Filming took place from February to May 1987[7] and it was planned to be released in 1988. However, the film's original distributor, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, went bankrupt. Orion Pictures and Nelson Entertainment bought the rights to the movie in 1988, and it was released theatrically on February 17, 1989.[8] As a partial result of the delay, certain dates in the film originally scripted as "1987" had to be re-dubbed as "1988". The copyright date of this film is 1989, while 1988 incorrectly appears on the DVD cover (though some copies still note 1989 as its release date) and 1987 appears on the back of the Blu-ray release.

text: It was followed in 1991 by a sequel, Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey.

text: Writing for Wired to mark the 25th anniversary of the film's release, Angela Watercutter noted:

text: "There's a longstanding urban legend that Reeves auditioned for the role of Bill and Winter auditioned for Ted, but that's not exactly how Winter remembers it. 'The reason that that ended up in lore was because at a certain point Keanu got it in his head that he was playing Bill and I was playing Ted,' he says. 'To be fair to Reeves, it's possible that out of the 80 trillion times we had to do the scenes [in auditions] the very, very last time we went in he happened to get the Bill sides and I happened to get the Ted sides.' After Reeves found out he was playing Ted, though, he was Sad Keanu. 'We're sitting in the office waiting to meet the producers for the first time and I'm pretty jazzed and he's miserable,' Winters says. 'I'm like, "Dude, what's wrong? We finally got it after all this bullshit," you know? And he's like, "Yeah, but I'm Ted." And I was like, "Yeah, you're Ted. That's awesome." He was like, "I thought I was Bill." I was like, "What fucking difference does it make? For god's sake, they're completely interchangeable. If you want you can be Bill and I'll be Ted, I really don't care. It's not going to impact the way I play this guy one iota.'"[9]

text: Differences from original script[edit]

text: In earlier drafts of the script, Rufus was 28 years old and historical figures Bill and Ted plucked from history included Charlemagne (whom they referred to as "Charlie Mangay"), Babe Ruth, and a non-famous medieval person called "John the Serf". John is listed in the credits.[10]

text: In a 1991 interview, co-writer Ed Solomon said the characters of Bill and Ted were originally envisaged as "14-year-old skinny guys, with low-rider bell-bottoms and heavy metal T-shirts" who were despised by the popular kids at school. Casting Reeves and Winter changed the filmmakers' images of the characters because "...once you cast Alex and Keanu, who look like pretty cool guys, that was hard to believe".[11]

text: Originally, the time machine was to be a 1969 Chevrolet van, but the idea was abandoned as being too close in concept to the DeLorean used in the Back to the Future trilogy.[9] Instead, despite the similarities to Doctor Who's time machine, the TARDIS, the film's time machine was styled after a 1960s American telephone booth, though a newer model Ford van would be used as the rock concert "band wagon" for the sequel.

text: In April 2013, Winter commented on Carlin's casting: "He was a very happy accident. They were going after serious people first. Like Sean Connery. And someone had the idea, way after we started shooting, of George. That whole movie was a happy accident. No one thought it would ever see the light of day."[12]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
1989

Genre
Hard rock, heavy metal, glam rock, glam metal, pop rock, rock 'n' roll

Length
40:32

Label
A&M Records

text: The film's soundtrack was released in 1989. The tracks are as follows:

text:
"Play with Me" by Extreme
"The Boys and Girls Are Doing It" by Vital Signs
"Not So Far Away" by Glen Burtnik
"Dancing with a Gypsy" by Tora Tora
"Father Time" by Shark Island
"I Can't Break Away" by Big Pig
"Dangerous" by Shark Island
"Walk Away" by Bricklin
"In Time" by Robbie Robb feat. Stevie Salas
"Two Heads Are Better Than One" by Power Tool

tag: ol

text: These tracks are ordered for the album differently than they are in the movie. In the movie, the songs show up in the following order: "I Can't Break Away", "Dancing with a Gypsy", "Father Time", "Dangerous", "In Time", "Two Heads Are Better Than One", "The Boys and Girls Are Doing It", "Play with Me", "Walk Away", "Not So Far Away" and "Two Heads" (reprised over the credits).

text: The following songs appeared in the film but were not included in the soundtrack:[citation needed]

text:
"No Right to Do Me Wrong" by Range War
"Party Up" by Rori
"Bad Guitar" by Stevie 'No Wonder' Salas
"Carlin's Solo" by Hands of Flutes
"Game of War" by Warrant

text: Related productions[edit]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: A theatrical sequel, Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, was released in 1991.

text: A third theatrical film in the Bill & Ted franchise was planned, and a screenplay was written, though it never got past the pre-production phase. Although rumors claimed that the script was adapted into the 1996 film Bio-Dome, Alex Winter has said that it was not.[13]

text: In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film,[14] confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete.[15] Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both liked the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years.[16] The current script does not feature the return of the Grim Reaper from Bogus Journey, but since actor William Sadler has expressed interest, the writers are considering ways to include the character.[17] In August 2012, Dean Parisot (director of the sci-fi/comedy film Galaxy Quest) signed on to direct the film, although MGM, which holds the rights to the Bill & Ted franchise, has yet to give the movie an official greenlight.[18] In an April 2014 article on the original film's 25th anniversary, Alex Winter reported that work on going ahead with the second sequel was still in progress.[11]

text: Television[edit]

text: Two spin-off television series were produced; both were titled Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures.

text:
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures was an animated series that first ran on CBS in 1990, and featured the voices of Winter, Reeves and Carlin returning to their roles in the film. A second season of eight episodes ran on Fox Kids, with the voice cast of Fox's upcoming live-action series.
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures was a live-action series that ran only seven episodes on Fox in the summer of 1992. It featured none of the cast from the film apart from Lisa Wilcox. Evan Richards and Christopher Kennedy played Bill and Ted.[19]

text: Comics[edit]

text: DC Comics produced a tie-in comic following the plot of the first movie timed to coincide with that film's release on home video.[20] The sequel was adapted by DC's competitor Marvel Comics, published to coincide with the second film's release in theaters. Its popularity led to the ongoing Marvel series Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book by Evan Dorkin, which lasted for 12 issues.[21]

text: There was a weekly 2/4 page semi-adaptation of the animated series published for a year by UK's defunct Look-In Magazine from 1991 to 1992.[22]

text: Video games[edit]

text: There were also Game Boy, NES and Atari Lynx games released, which were very loosely based on the film's plot. A PC title and nearly identical Amiga and Commodore 64 port were made in 1991 by Off the Wall Productions and IntraCorp, Inc. under contract by Capstone Software and followed the original film very closely.

text: Theme parks[edit]

text: The annual Halloween Horror Nights events at Universal Studios Orlando and Hollywood have featured since 1992 (Orlando) and 1997-1999/2007 (Hollywood) Bill & Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure, a show satirizing pop culture of the year with Bill & Ted as the protagonists fighting villains who steal their phone booth for their own schemes.

text: The show differs from year to year, with spoofs of various pop culture icons. The main plot involves Bill and Ted being threatened by an evil villain from a popular film of that year, with appearances by a host of villains, heroes, and celebrities. The show usually includes elaborate dance numbers, stunts, and multiple double-entendres for the late night event crowd.[23][24] In 2013, the Hollywood version of the show was cancelled in the middle of its run following complaints of homophobic humor.[25]

text: On August 15, 2017, Universal announced that 2017 will be the final year of Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure in Orlando.[26] And in November 4, 2017, Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure came to a final close, but not before a surprise appearance of Rufus.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure grossed $40.4 million domestically on a budget of about $10 million.[27] The Washington Post gave the film a negative review, finding the script written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon as "made only the sketchiest attempts to draw their historical characters. They exist as foils and nothing else, and the gags that are hung on them are far from first-rate", and that if director "Stephen Herek, has any talent for comedy, it's not visible here. More than anything, the picture looks paltry and undernourished."[28] Variety wrote about each historical figure that Bill & Ted meet, stating that "Each encounter is so brief and utterly cliched that history has little chance to contribute anything to this pic’s two dimensions."[29] Vincent Canby of The New York Times referred to the film as a "painfully inept comedy" and that the "one dimly interesting thing about Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure is the way the two teen-age heroes communicate in superlatives. We are about to fail most egregiously, says Ted to Bill, or maybe it's Bill to Ted. They are also fond of odd words, such as bodacious."[30] In the Los Angeles Times, Chris Willman was also unimpressed, concluding: "Make no mistake, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure […] is not a satire of mindlessness; it's unabashed glorification of dumbness for dumbness' sake. Bill and Ted are heroic in their ability to reduce some of history's great minds to their level.[3] However, writing for Radio Times, Alan Jones decided: "A nonstop giggle from start to finish, this beguiling grab-bag of time-travel clichés, hard-rock music and Valley-speaking cool dudes is a flawless, purpose-built junk movie".[31]

text: The film has an 78% "Certified fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 45 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10, the site's critical consensus reads: "Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter are just charming, goofy, and silly enough to make this fluffy time-travel Adventure work".[32]

text: The successes of the film and the animated series spawned a short-lived breakfast cereal called Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal.[33]

text: The phone booth used in the film was given away in a contest presented by Nintendo Power magazine, to promote Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure. It was won by Kenneth Grayson of Mississippi.[34][35]

text: In 2010, the city of San Dimas celebrated 50 years of incorporation. The celebration's slogan was San Dimas, 1960–2010 – An Excellent Adventure.[36]

text: Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure was selected as number 8 in Rolling Stone's '10 Best Stoner Movies of All Time' in 2013.[37]

text: Writing in The Guardian on the occasion of the film's 25th anniversary, Hadley Freeman found: "Of all the delightfully improbable scenarios depicted in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure – from Napoleon Bonaparte causing havoc on a waterslide to Billy the Kid and Socrates (aka "So-crayts", of course) picking up chicks in a California mall to George Carlin acting in a film alongside Keanu Reeves and a member of the Go-Go's – none would have seemed more unlikely on its release than the idea that one day, with much media fanfare, the public would be celebrating the film's 25th anniversary. By the time Bill & Ted was released in 1989, the 80s teen film explosion was starting to taper out. […] Moreover, there had already been plenty of films about time-travelling teens by the time Bill & Ted rocked up in cinemas, such as Peggy Sue Got Married and Back to the Future. Few who were around then would have bet that a goofy movie about a pair of California metalheads skipping back through time in a phonebox collecting historical characters to bring back to 20th-century California for their history report would still be remembered today. But I am very much among those few".[11]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Bill/Ted: "Excellent!" – Nominated[38]

text: In cultural analysis[edit]

text: Writing in British Sunday newspaper The Observer, Tom Holland noted,

text: "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure does not tend to be rated as one of cinema's profounder treatments of the relationship between present and past. The story of two Californian slackers with a time machine who, for complicated reasons, have to assemble assorted celebrities from history in order to pass a high-school project, it is chiefly remembered for bringing Keanu Reeves to the attention of a mass audience. Classicists, however, will always cherish it as the only film ever to combine the music of Van Halen with Greek philosophy. When Bill and Ted embark on their quest, what should be their first destination if not classical Athens, and who should be the very first 'historical dude' bundled into their time machine if not a bald-headed man in a sheet whom they persist in calling 'Soh-kraytz'?"[39]

text: Holland continued:

text: "Even to metalheads, then, the philosophy of ancient Greece serves as something that is both primal and emblematic of civilisation as a whole. Socrates, in particular, the 'lover of wisdom' who insisted that the most fundamental presumptions of his countrymen should be subjected to experimental investigation, and who ended up being made to drink hemlock for his pains, has always been admired as the very fountainhead of rationalism. Yet when it comes to identifying what he taught and believed, there is a problem, on which Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, rather unexpectedly, puts its finger. Socrates, transplanted to 1980s California, can only communicate with his abductors by gesturing and gurning – since Bill and Ted, it goes without saying, speak not a word of ancient Greek. Even the miracle of time travel, it appears, cannot serve to alter what is, for any historian, a most awkward fact: that it is impossible to be certain of what Socrates actually said."[39]


document_title: I Luv U Baby

question_text: who sang i love you baby 90s song

question_tokens: who sang i love you baby 90s song

text: I Luv U Baby

text:
"I Luv U Baby"
Single by The OriginalReleased
1994 (1994)Genre
Electronic
house[1]
Label
Ore Music
WT Records
Songwriter(s)
Giuseppe Nuzzo
Walter Taieb
The Original singles chronology

"I Luv U Baby" (1994)

"B 2 Gether" (1995)

"I Luv U Baby"(1994)

"B 2 Gether"(1995)

Music video
"I Luv U Baby" on YouTube

text: "I Luv U Baby" is a 1994 single performed by the American dance music group The Original. The song, written by Giuseppe Nuzzo and Walter Taieb, vocals performed by Broadway singer Everett Bradley,[2] peaked at number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 12 in Ireland, and number 32 in the Netherlands. The song also charted in Belgium and Australia.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1995–96)

Peakposition

Australia (ARIA)[3]

48

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[4]

48

Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[5]

10

Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[6]

31

Ireland (IRMA)[7]

12

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8]

25

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[9]

32

Scotland (Official Charts Company)[10]

6

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[11]

2

UK Dance (Official Charts Company)[12]

3

US Billboard Hot 100[13]

66