document_title: 2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team

question_text: who did penn state lose to in 2017

question_tokens: who did penn state lose to in 2017

text: 2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team

text: Background[edit]

text: Previous season[edit]

text: During the previous season the Nittany Lions started the year with a 5–1 record and 2–0 in Big Ten play. Then on October, 17 they lost to #1 ranked Ohio State. After which they won their next two games including an 39–0 rout over Illinois. Following the rout the Nittany Lions finished the year 0–4 including losses to #6 Michigan State and #14 Michigan and a bowl game loss to Georgia.

text: 2016 NFL Draft[edit]

text:
Round
Pick (Overall)
Player
Team
Position

2
43
Austin Johnson
Tennessee Titans
Nose Tackle

2
51
Christian Hackenberg
New York Jets
Quarterback

3
65
Carl Nassib
Cleveland Browns
Defensive end

6
202
Anthony Zettel
Detroit Lions
Defense Tackle

6
204
Jordan Lucas
Miami Dolphins
Safety

tag: table

text: Schedule[edit]

text: Penn State announced its 2016 football schedule on July 11, 2013. The 2016 schedule consists of 7 home and 5 away games in the regular season. The Nittany Lions hosted Big Ten foes Iowa, Maryland, Michigan State, Minnesota, and Ohio State, and traveled to Indiana, Michigan, Purdue, and Rutgers.[1]

text: The team hosted two of the three non-conference games against the Kent State Golden Flashes from the Mid-American Conference (MAC), Pittsburgh Panthers from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and the Temple Owls from the American Athletic Conference (AAC).

text:
Date
Time
Opponent#
Rank#
Site
TV
Result
Attendance

September 3
3:30 p.m.
Kent State*

Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA
BTN
W 33–13
94,378

September 10
12:00 p.m.
at Pittsburgh*

Heinz Field • Pittsburgh, PA (Rivalry)
ESPN
L 39–42
69,983

September 17
12:00 p.m.
Temple*

Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA
BTN
W 34–27
100,420

September 24
3:30 p.m.
at No. 4 Michigan

Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
ABC
L 10–49
110,319

October 1
3:30 p.m.
Minnesota

Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA (Rivalry)
BTN
W 29–26 OT
95,332

October 8
12:00 p.m.
Maryland

Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA (Rivalry)
BTN
W 38–14
100,778

October 22
8:00 p.m.
No. 2 Ohio State

Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA (Rivalry)
ABC
W 24–21
107,280

October 29
12:00 p.m.
at Purdue
No. 24
Ross–Ade Stadium • West Lafayette, IN
ABC/ESPN2
W 62–24
33,157

November 5
7:30 p.m.
Iowa
No. 20
Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA
BTN
W 41–14
106,194

November 12
12:00 p.m.
at Indiana
No. 12
Memorial Stadium • Bloomington, IN
ABC/ESPN2
W 45–31
40,678

November 19
8:00 p.m.
at Rutgers
No. 9
High Point Solutions Stadium • Piscataway, NJ
BTN
W 39–0
51,366

November 26
3:30 p.m.
Michigan State
No. 8
Beaver Stadium • University Park, PA (Land Grant Trophy)
ESPN
W 45–12
97,418

December 3
8:00 p.m.
vs. No. 6 Wisconsin
No. 8
Lucas Oil Stadium • Indianapolis, IN (Big Ten Championship Game)
FOX
W 38–31
65,018

January 2, 2017
5:00 p.m.
vs. No. 9 USC
No. 5
Rose Bowl • Pasadena, CA (Rose Bowl)
ESPN
L 49–52
95,128

*Non-conference game. Homecoming. #Rankings from AP Poll released prior to game. All times are in Eastern Time.

text: Rankings[edit]

text:
Ranking movements
Legend: ██ Increase in ranking. ██ Decrease in ranking.
NR = Not ranked. RV = Received votes. ( ) = First place votes.

Week

Poll
Pre
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Final

AP
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
24
20
12
9
8
8
5
7

Coaches
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
RV
NR
RV
23
14
10
8
8
5
7

CFP
Not released
12
10
8
7
7
5
Not released

text: Game summaries[edit]

text: Kent State[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

4–0
2013
PSU, 34–0

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Kent State
3
10
0
0
13

Penn State
6
10
10
7
33

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: September 3
Game time: 3:30 PM EDT
Game weather: 77 °F (25 °C); sunny and clear
Game attendance: 94,378
Referee: Greg Blum
TV announcers (BTN): Scott Graham, Chuck Long
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

KSU – Shane Hynes, 26-yard field goal, 5:25 (KSU 3–0)
PSU – DaeSean Hamilton, 4-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, 2-point conversion failed, 1:56 (PSU 6–3)

Second quarter

KSU – Hynes, 43-yard field goal, 11:33 (TIE 6–6)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 7-yard TD run, Tyler Davis kick good, 8:02 (PSU 13–6)
KSU – Elcee Refuge, 20-yard fumble recovery for TD, Hynes kick good, 6:12 (TIE 13–13)
PSU – Davis, 29-yard field goal, 1:47 (PSU 16–13)

Third quarter

PSU – Amani Oruwariye, 30-yard interception return for TD, Davis kick good, 14:05 (PSU 23–13)
PSU – Davis, 28-yard field goal, 4:22 (PSU 26–13)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Mike Gesicki, 30-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 1:53 (PSU 33–13)

Top passers

KSU – Mylik Mitchell – 6/12, 65 yards
KSU – Justin Agner – 8/15, 64 yards
PSU – Trace McSorley – 16/31, 209 yards, 2 TD

Top rushers

KSU – Justin Rankin – 13 carries, 82 yards
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 22 carries, 105 yards, TD

Top receivers

KSU – Nick Holley – 4 receptions, 45 yards
PSU – Chris Godwin – 7 receptions, 67 yards

Top defenders

KSU – Nate Holley – 17 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)
PSU – Jason Cabinda – 11 tackles

text: Pittsburgh[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

50–42–4
2000
UP, 12–0

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Penn State
7
7
7
18
39

Pittsburgh
14
14
7
7
42

text: at Heinz Field

text:
Date: September 10
Game time: 12:00 PM EDT
Game weather: 85 °F (29 °C); partly cloudy
Game attendance: 69,983
Referee: Jerry McGinn
TV announcers (ESPN): Bob Wischusen, Brock Huard, Allison Williams
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

UP – George Aston, 1-yard TD run, Chris Blewitt kick good, 8:03 (UP 7–0)
UP – Quadree Henderson, 7-yard TD pass from Nathan Peterman, Blewitt kick good, 7:16 (UP 14–0)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 3-yard TD run, Tyler Davis kick good, 2:42 (UP 14–7)

Second quarter

UP – Scott Orndoff, 2-yard TD pass from Peterman, Blewitt kick good, 13:38 (UP 21–7)
UP – Aston, 3-yard TD run, Blewitt kick good, 11:54 (UP 28–7)
PSU – Barkley, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 0:42 (UP 28–14)

Third quarter

PSU – Barkley, 40-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 11:54 (UP 28–21)
UP – James Conner, 1-yard TD run, Blewitt kick good, 7:24 (UP 35–21)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Barkley, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 13:42 (UP 35–28)
PSU – Davis, 38-yard field goal, 12:04 (UP 35–31)
UP – Conner, 12-yard TD pass from Peterman, Blewitt kick good, 10:24 (UP 42–31)
PSU – Barkley, 2-yard TD run, DaeSean Hamilton pass from McSorley for 2-point conversion, 5:00 (UP 42–39)

Top passers

PSU – Trace McSorley – 24/35, 332 yards, TD, INT
UP – Nathan Peterman – 11/15, 91 yards, 3 TD, INT

Top rushers

PSU – Saquon Barkley – 20 carries, 85 yards, 4 TD
UP – James Conner – 22 carries, 117 yards, TD

Top receivers

PSU – DaeSean Hamilton – 8 receptions, 82 yards
UP – Conner – 4 receptions, 29 yards, TD
UP – Scott Orndoff – 4 receptions, 15 yards, TD

Top defenders

PSU – Nyeem Wartman-White – 9 tackles, 3 tackles-for-loss (TFL)
UP – Ryan Lewis – 9 tackles, INT

text: Temple[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

39–4–1
2015
TU, 27–10

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Temple
7
3
7
10
27

Penn State
14
7
3
10
34

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: September 17
Game time: 12:00 PM EDT
Game weather: 70 °F (21 °C); mostly cloudy
Game attendance: 100,420
Referee: Mike Roche
TV announcers (BTN): Eric Collins, Glen Mason, Rick Pizzo
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

PSU – Chris Godwin, 52-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Tyler Davis kick good, 9:35 (PSU 7–0)
TU – Jahad Thomas, 8-yard TD run, Austin Jones kick good, 8:54 (TIE 7–7)
PSU – Andre Robinson, 3-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 2:50 (PSU 14–7)

Second quarter

PSU – McSorley, 2-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 7:15 (PSU 21–7)
TU – Jones, 45-yard field goal, 0:04 (PSU 21–10)

Third quarter

PSU – Davis, 40-yard field goal, 9:03 (PSU 24–10)
TU – Phillip Walker, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 1:56 (PSU 24–17)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Davis, 30-yard field goal, 12:45 (PSU 27–17)
TU – Thomas, 2-yard TD run, Jones kick good, 8:10 (PSU 27–24)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 55-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 7:20 (PSU 34–24)
TU – Jones, 34-yard field goal, 2:10 (PSU 34–27)

Top passers

TU – Phillip Walker – 25/34, 286 yards, INT
PSU – Trace McSorley – 18/24, 287 yards, TD, INT

Top rushers

TU – Jahad Thomas – 14 carries, 52 yards 2 TD
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 9 carries, 68 yards, TD

Top receivers

TU – Thomas – 6 receptions, 48 yards
PSU – Chris Godwin – 7 receptions, 117 yards, TD

Top defenders

TU – Sean Chandler – 8 tackles, 1.5 tackles-for-loss (TFL)
PSU – Malik Golden – 9 tackles

text: #4 Michigan[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

7–12
2015
UM, 28–16

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Penn State
0
0
3
7
10

#4 Michigan
14
14
7
14
49

text: at Michigan Stadium

text:
Date: September 24
Game time: 3:30 PM EDT
Game weather: 72 °F (22 °C); mostly sunny
Game attendance: 110,319
Referee: Daniel Capron
TV announcers (ABC): Dave Flemming, Brian Griese, Todd McShay
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

UM – Khalid Hill, 1-yard TD run, Kenny Allen kick good, 9:51 (UM 7–0)
UM – De'Veon Smith, 2-yard TD run, Allen kick good, 3:57 (UM 14–0)

Second quarter

UM – Devin Asiasi, 3-yard TD pass from Wilton Speight, Allen kick good, 14:09 (UM 21–0)
UM – Karan Higdon, 2-yard TD run, Allen kick good, 0:46 (UM 28–0)

Third quarter

PSU – Tyler Davis, 21-yard field goal, 11:31 (UM 28–3)
UM – Chris Evans, 3-yard TD run, Allen kick good, 2:42 (UM 35–3)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Chris Godwin, 8-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 11:22 (UM 35–10)
UM – Higdon, 40-yard TD run, Allen kick good, 6:11 (UM 42–10)
UM – Ty Isaac, 3-yard TD run, Allen kick good, 2:04 (UM 49–10)

Top passers

PSU – Trace McSorley – 16/27, 121 yards, TD, INT
UM – Wilton Speight – 21/34, 189 yards, TD

Top rushers

PSU – Saquon Barkley – 15 carries, 59 yards
UM – De'Veon Smith – 12 carries, 107 yards, TD

Top receivers

PSU – Barkley – 5 receptions, 77 yards
PSU – Mike Gesicki - 5 receptions, 23 yards
UM – Amara Darboh – 7 receptions, 44 yards

Top defenders

PSU – Malik Golden – 11 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)
UM – Ben Gedeon – 11 tackles, 1.5 tackles-for-loss (TFL)

text: Minnesota[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

8–5
2013
UM, 24–10

text:
1
2
3
4
OT
Total

Minnesota
3
10
0
10
3
26

Penn State
0
3
17
3
6
29

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: October 1
Game time: 3:30 PM EDT
Game weather: 57 °F (14 °C); cloudy, showers
Game attendance: 95,332
Referee: Don Willard
TV announcers (BTN): Brandon Gaudin, Chuck Long
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

UM – Emmit Carpenter, 37-yard field goal, 0:55 (UM 3–0)

Second quarter

PSU – Tyler Davis, 19-yard field goal, 12:00 (TIE 3–3)
UM – Drew Wolitarsky, 9-yard TD pass from Mitch Leidner, Carpenter kick good, 2:06 (UM 10–3)
UM – Carpenter, 35-yard field goal, 0:01 (UM 13–3)

Third quarter

PSU – Irvin Charles, 80-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 9:54 (UM 13–10)
PSU – Davis, 27-yard field goal, 7:28 (TIE 13–13)
PSU – McSorley, 6-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 2:27 (PSU 20–13)

Fourth quarter

UM – Shannon Brooks, 37-yard TD run, Carpenter kick good, 13:29 (TIE 20–20)
UM – Carpenter, 37-yard field goal, 0:54 (UM 23–20)
PSU – Davis, 40-yard field goal, 0:02 (TIE 23–23)

Overtime

UM – Carpenter, 46-yard field goal (UM 26–23)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 25-yard TD run (PSU 29–26)

Top passers

UM – Mitch Leidner – 24/40, 241 yards, TD, INT
PSU – Trace McSorley – 19/41, 335 yards, TD

Top rushers

UM – Rodney Smith – 23 carries, 104 yards
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 20 carries, 63 yards, TD
PSU – McSorley – 8 carries, 73 yards, TD

Top receivers

UM – Brian Smith – 7 receptions, 101 yards
UM – Drew Wolitarsky – 7 receptions, 69 yards, TD
PSU – Mike Gesicki – 5 receptions, 70 yards

Top defenders

UM – Damarius Travis – 9 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)
PSU – Marcus Allen – 22 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)

text: Maryland[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

36–2–1
2015
PSU, 31–30

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Maryland
7
7
0
0
14

Penn State
7
17
7
7
38

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: October 8
Game time: 12:00 PM EDT
Game weather: 64 °F (18 °C); rain, mostly cloudy
Game attendance: 100,778
Referee: John O'Neill
TV announcers (BTN): Kevin Kugler, Matt Millen, Lisa Byington
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

PSU – Mike Gesicki, 5-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Tyler Davis kick good, 12:33 (PSU 7–0)
UM – Ty Johnson, 66-yard TD pass from Perry Hills, Adam Greene kick good, 7:13 (TIE 7–7)

Second quarter

PSU – Davis, 30-yard field goal, 12:20 (PSU 10–7)
PSU – McSorley, 9-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 6:06 (PSU 17–7)
UM – Tyrell Pigrome, 7-yard TD run, Greene kick good, 0:52 (PSU 17–14)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 45-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 0:15 (PSU 24–14)

Third quarter

PSU – DeAndre Thompkins, 70-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 0:00 (PSU 31–14)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Miles Sanders, 25-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 5:15 (PSU 38–14)

Top passers

UM – Tyrell Pigrome – 5/9, 28 yards
UM – Perry Hills – 5/7, 72 yards, TD, INT
PSU – Trace McSorley – 10/19, 152 yards, 2 TD

Top rushers

UM – Lorenzo Harrison – 6 carries, 76 yards
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 31 carries, 202 yards, TD

Top receivers

UM – D. J. Moore – 4 receptions, 15 yards
PSU – DeAndre Thompkins – 4 receptions, 91 yards, TD

Top defenders

UM – Shane Cockerille – 13 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)
PSU – Brandon Smith – 14 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL), INT

text: #2 Ohio State[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

13–17
2015
OSU, 38–10

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

#2 Ohio State
0
12
9
0
21

Penn State
0
7
0
17
24

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: October 22
Game time: 8:00 PM EDT
Game weather: 43 °F (6 °C); cold, windy, brisk
Game attendance: 107,280
Referee: Michael Cannon
TV announcers (ABC): Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit, Sam Ponder
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

No scoring

Second quarter

OSU – Tyler Durbin, 33-yard field goal, 14:55 (OSU 3–0)
OSU – Marcus Baugh, 26-yard TD pass from J. T. Barrett, kick failed, 4:53 (OSU 9–0)
OSU – Durbin, 30-yard field goal, 1:14 (OSU 12–0)
PSU – Chris Godwin, 20-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Tyler Davis kick good, 0:09 (OSU 12–7)

Third quarter

OSU – Curtis Samuel, 74-yard TD run, Durbin kick good, 10:10 (OSU 19–7)
OSU – Team safety (PSU fumble recovered in end zone), 8:31 (OSU 21–7)

Fourth quarter

PSU – McSorley, 2-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 13:32 (OSU 21–14)
PSU – Davis, 34-yard field goal, 9:33 (OSU 21–17)
PSU – Grant Haley, 60-yard TD run from blocked OSU field goal, Davis kick good, 4:27 (PSU 24–21)

Top passers

OSU – J. T. Barrett – 28/43, 245 yards, TD
PSU – Trace McSorley – 8/23, 154 yards, TD

Top rushers

OSU – Mike Weber – 21 carries, 71 yards
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 12 carries, 99 yards
PSU – McSorley – 19 carries, 63 yards, TD

Top receivers

OSU – Curtis Samuel – 8 receptions, 68 yards
OSU – Weber – 8 receptions, 36 yards
PSU – Mike Gesicki – 4 receptions, 46 yards

Top defenders

OSU – Malik Hooker – 7 tackles, 2 tackles-for-loss (TFL)
PSU – Brandon Bell – 18 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL), 1 sack

text: Purdue[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

13–3–1
2013
PSU, 45–21

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

#24 Penn State
7
10
24
21
62

Purdue
7
10
7
0
24

text: at Ross–Ade Stadium

text:
Date: October 29
Game time: 12:00 PM EDT
Game weather: 67 °F (19 °C); partly sunny
Game attendance: 33,157
Referee: Jeff Servinski
TV announcers (ABC/ESPN2): Beth Mowins, Anthony Becht, Rocky Boiman
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

PSU – Saquon Barkley, 3-yard TD run, Tyler Davis kick good, 11:33 (PSU 7–0)
PU – Markell Jones, 1-yard TD run, J. D. Dellinger kick good, 6:26 (TIE 7–7)

Second quarter

PU – Cameron Posey, 1-yard TD pass from David Blough, Dellinger kick good, 14:32 (PU 14–7)
PSU – Chris Godwin, 38-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 12:33 (TIE 14–14)
PU – Dellinger, 42-yard field goal, 6:57 (PU 17–14)
PSU – Davis, 33-yard field goal, 2:36 (TIE 17–17)

Third quarter

PSU – Godwin, 1-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 12:29 (PSU 24–17)
PSU – Andre Robinson, 4-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 8:17 (PSU 31–17)
PSU – Davis, 29-yard field goal, 4:21 (PSU 34–17)
PU – DeAngelo Yancey, 62-yard TD pass from Blough, Dellinger kick good, 2:32 (PSU 34–24)
PSU – Miles Sanders, 21-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 1:18 (PSU 41–24)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Barkley, 81-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 13:56 (PSU 48–24)
PSU – Mark Allen, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 6:09 (PSU 55–24)
PSU – Robinson, 19-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 2:25 (PSU 62–24)

Top passers

PSU – Trace McSorley – 12/23, 228 yards, 3 TD
PU – David Blough – 34/50, 281 yards, 2 TD INT

Top rushers

PSU – Saquon Barkley – 18 carries, 207 yards, 2 TD
PSU – Tommy Stevens – 5 carries, 31 yards
PU – Markell Jones – 7 carries, 46 yards, TD

Top receivers

PSU – Barkley – 3 receptions, 70 yards
PSU – Chris Godwin – 5 receptions, 58 yards, 2 TD
PU – Cameron Posey – 8 receptions, 50 yards, TD

Top defenders

PSU – Jason Cabinda – 9 tackles
PSU – Malik Golden – 8 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)
PU – Markus Bailey – 7 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL)

text: Iowa[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

13–12
2012
PSU, 38–14

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Iowa
0
7
0
7
14

#20 Penn State
7
17
3
14
41

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: November 5
Game time: 7:30 PM EDT
Game weather: 56 °F (13 °C); clear, pleasant
Game attendance: 106,194
Referee: Ron Snodgrass
TV announcers (BTN): Kevin Kugler, Matt Millen, Lisa Byington
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

PSU – Saeed Blacknall, 19-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Tyler Davis kick good, 12:43 (PSU 7–0)

Second quarter

PSU – Saquon Barkley, 57-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 10:28 (PSU 14–0)
PSU – McSorley, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 7:58 (PSU 21–0)
UI – Akrum Wadley, 12-yard TD pass from C. J. Beathard, Keith Duncan kick good, 4:18 (PSU 21–7)
PSU – Davis, 30-yard field goal, 0:00 (PSU 24–7)

Third quarter

PSU – Davis, 37-yard field goal, 2:48 (PSU 27–7)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Barkley, 4-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 14:41 (PSU 34–7)
PSU – Tommy Stevens, 13-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 9:28 (PSU 41–7)
UI – Jerminic Smith, 36-yard TD pass from Beathard, Duncan kick good, 6:30 (PSU 41–14)

Top passers

UI – C. J. Beathard – 18/26, 204 yards, 2 TD, INT
PSU – Trace McSorley – 11/18, 240 yards, 2 TD

Top rushers

UI – Akrum Wadley – 9 carries, 28 yards
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 20 carries, 167 yards, TD

Top receivers

UI – Jerminic Smith – 5 receptions, 85 yards, TD
UI – Wadley – 5 receptions, 32 yards, TD
PSU – Chris Godwin – 4 receptions, 87 yards
PSU – Mike Gesicki – 4 receptions, 65 yards

Top defenders

UI – Brandon Snyder – 12 tackles, 2 tackles-for-loss (TFL)
PSU – Jason Cabinda – 8 tackles, 0.5 tackles-for-loss (TFL)

text: Indiana[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

18–1
2015
PSU, 29–7

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

#12 Penn State
7
7
7
24
45

Indiana
0
14
10
7
31

text: at Memorial Stadium

text:
Date: November 12
Game time: 12:00 PM ET
Game weather: 45 °F (7 °C); sunny
Game attendance: 40,678
Referee: Michael Cannon
TV announcers (ABC/ESPN2): Bob Wischusen, Brock Huard, Allison Williams
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

PSU – Trace McSorley, 10-yard TD run, Tyler Davis kick good, 11:28 (PSU 7–0)

Second quarter

IU – Ricky Jones, 5-yard TD pass from Richard Lagow, Griffin Oakes kick good, 12:13 (TIE 7–7)
PSU – Chris Godwin, 6-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 4:43 (PSU 14–7)
IU – Devine Redding, 12-yard TD run, Oakes kick good, 1:00 (TIE 14–14)

Third quarter

IU – Oakes, 47-yard field goal, 11:38 (IU 17–14)
IU – Redding, 6-yard TD run, Oakes kick good, 3:13 (IU 24–14)
PSU – Godwin, 21-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 1:09 (IU 24–21)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Saquon Barkley, 4-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 12:23 (PSU 28–24)
IU – Nick Westbrook, 40-yard TD pass from Lagow, Oakes kick good, 11:06 (IU 31–28)
PSU – Barkley, 2-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 3:58 (PSU 35–31)
PSU – Davis, 39-yard field goal, 1:07 (PSU 38–31)
PSU – Torrence Brown, 9-yard fumble return for TD, Davis kick good, 0:29 (PSU 45–31)

Top passers

PSU – Trace McSorley – 16/30, 332 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
IU – Richard Lagow – 23/40, 292 yards, 2 TD

Top rushers

PSU – Saquon Barkley – 33 carries, 58 yards, 2 TD
IU – Devine Redding – 23 carries, 108 yards, 2 TD

Top receivers

PSU – Mike Gesicki – 5 receptions, 88 yards
PSU – Chris Godwin – 5 receptions, 82 yards, 2 TD
IU – Mitchell Paige – 6 receptions, 43 yards

Top defenders

PSU – Marcus Allen – 10 tackles, 1.5 tackles-for-loss (TFL)
IU – Tegray Scales – 9 tackles, 4 tackles-for-loss (TFL), 1 sack

text: Rutgers[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

24–2
2015
PSU, 28–3

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

#9 Penn State
6
3
16
14
39

Rutgers
0
0
0
0
0

text: at High Point Solutions Stadium

text:
Date: November 19
Game time: 8:00 PM ET
Game weather: 52 °F (11 °C); cloudy, rain later, wind
Game attendance: 51,366
Referee: Don Willard
TV announcers (BTN): Kevin Kugler, Matt Millen, Lisa Byington
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

PSU – Tyler Davis, 32-yard field goal, 6:34 (PSU 3–0)
PSU – Davis, 34-yard field goal, 1:42 (PSU 6–0)

Second quarter

PSU – Davis, 40-yard field goal, 5:28 (PSU 9–0)

Third quarter

PSU – Saquon Barkley, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 12:33 (PSU 16–0)
PSU – Davis, 32-yard field goal, 6:46 (PSU 19–0)
PSU – Andre Robinson, 2-yard TD run, 2-point conversion failed, 3:32 (PSU 25–0)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Mark Allen, 27-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 7:59 (PSU 32–0)
PSU – Tommy Stevens, 12-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 4:07 (PSU 39–0)

Top passers

PSU – Trace McSorley – 17/33, 210 yards, TD
RU – Giovanni Rescigno – 7/16, 48 yards

Top rushers

PSU – Saquon Barkley – 16 carries, 92 yards, TD
RU – Justin Goodwin – 10 carries, 20 yards

Top receivers

PSU – Mike Gesicki – 5 receptions, 47 yards
RU – Andre Patton – 4 receptions, 29 yards

Top defenders

PSU – Brandon Bell – 5 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL), 1 sack
RU – Saquan Hampton – 11 tackles

text: Michigan State[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

14–15–1
2015
MSU, 55–16

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Michigan State
6
6
0
0
12

#8 Penn State
0
10
21
14
45

text: at Beaver Stadium

text:
Date: November 26
Game time: 3:30 PM ET
Game weather: 41 °F (5 °C); cold, cloudy
Game attendance: 97,418
Referee: John O'Neill
TV announcers (ESPN): Bob Wischusen, Brock Huard, Allison Williams
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

MSU – Michael Geiger, 28-yard field goal, 8:13 (MSU 3–0)
MSU – Geiger, 36-yard field goal, 2:44 (MSU 6–0)

Second quarter

PSU – Tyler Davis, 35-yard field goal, 13:11 (MSU 6–3)
MSU – Geiger, 33-yard field goal, 7:17 (MSU 9–3)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 2:14 (PSU 10–9)
MSU – Geiger, 21-yard field goal, 0:14 (MSU 12–10)

Third quarter

PSU – Chris Godwin, 34-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 11:02 (PSU 17–12)
PSU – Mike Gesicki, 45-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 7:03 (PSU 24–12)
PSU – Godwin, 59-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 2:05 (PSU 31–12)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Andre Robinson, 14-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 6:33 (PSU 38–12)
PSU – Robinson, 40-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 3:40 (PSU 45–12)

Top passers

MSU – Tyler O'Connor – 17/33, 118 yards
PSU – Trace McSorley – 17/23, 376 yards, 4 TD

Top rushers

MSU – L. J. Scott – 16 carries, 59 yards
PSU – Andre Robinson – 3 carries, 32 yards, TD
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 12 carries, 14 yards, TD

Top receivers

MSU – Josiah Price – 6 receptions, 63 yards
PSU – Chris Godwin – 5 receptions, 135 yards, 2 TD

Top defenders

MSU – Montae Nicholson – 8 tackles
PSU – Brandon Bell – 18 tackles, 0.5 tackles-for-loss (TFL)

text: #6 Wisconsin (Big Ten Championship Game)[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

8–9
2013
PSU, 31–24

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

#6 Wisconsin
14
14
3
0
31

#8 Penn State
7
7
14
10
38

text: at Lucas Oil Stadium

text:
Date: December 3
Game time: 8:00 PM ET
Game weather: indoors, roof closed
Game attendance: 65,018
Referee: Michael Cannon
TV announcers (Fox): Gus Johnson, Joel Klatt, Shannon Spake
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

UW – Austin Ramesh, 1-yard TD run, Andrew Endicott kick good, 5:27 (UW 7–0)
UW – Corey Clement, 67-yard TD run, Endicott kick good, 3:06 (UW 14–0)
PSU – Mike Gesicki, 33-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Tyler Davis kick good, 1:10 (UW 14–7)

Second quarter

UW – Ryan Connelly, 12-yard TD run (fumble recovery from high snap), Endicott kick good, 9:42 (UW 21–7)
UW – Dare Ogunbowale, 7-yard TD run, Endicott kick good, 5:15 (UW 28–7)
PSU – Saeed Blacknall, 40-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 0:58 (UW 28–14)

Third quarter

PSU – Blacknall, 70-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 10:58 (UW 28–21)
PSU – Saquon Barkley, 1-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 4:22 (TIE 28–28)
UW – Endicott, 23-yard field goal, 0:16 (UW 31–28)

Fourth quarter

PSU – Barkley, 18-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 13:41 (PSU 35–31)
PSU – Davis, 24-yard field goal, 5:14 (PSU 38–31)

Top passers

UW – Bart Houston – 16/21, 174 yards
PSU – Trace McSorley – 22/31, 384 yards, 4 TD

Top rushers

UW – Corey Clement – 21 carries, 164 yards, TD
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 19 carries, 83 yards, TD

Top receivers

UW – Jazz Peavy – 4 receptions, 53 yards
UW – Dare Ogunbowale – 4 receptions, 28 yards
PSU – DaeSean Hamilton – 8 receptions, 118 yards
PSU – Saeed Blacknall – 6 receptions, 155 yards, 2 TD

Top defenders

UW – Vince Biegel – 8 tackles
PSU – Brandon Bell – 13 tackles, 1 tackle-for-loss (TFL), 1 sack

text: #9 USC (Rose Bowl)[edit]

text:
Overall record
Last meeting
Result

4–5
2008
USC, 38–24

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

#9 USC
13
14
8
17
52

#5 Penn State
0
21
28
0
49

text: at Rose Bowl

text:
Date: January 2, 2017
Game time: 5:00 PM ET
Game weather: 55 °F (13 °C); cloudy
Game attendance: 95,128
Referee: Duane Heydt
TV announcers (ESPN): Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit, Samantha Ponder
ESPN Box Score, GoPSUsports.com

text:
[show]Game information

First quarter

USC – Deontay Burnett, 26-yard TD pass from Sam Darnold, Matt Boermeester kick good, 10:31 (USC 7–0)
USC – Boermeester, 22-yard field goal, 4:42 (USC 10–0)
USC – Boermeester, 44-yard field goal, 0:21 (USC 13–0)

Second quarter

PSU – Saquon Barkley, 24-yard TD run, Tyler Davis kick good, 11:44 (USC 13–7)
USC – Burnett, 3-yard TD pass from Darnold, Boermeester kick good, 10:15 (USC 20–7)
PSU – Chris Godwin, 30-yard TD pass from Trace McSorley, Davis kick good, 8:39 (USC 20–14)
USC – Darreus Rogers, 3-yard TD pass from Darnold, Boermeester kick good, 6:16 (USC 27–14)
PSU – Mike Gesicki, 11-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 0:54 (USC 27–21)

Third quarter

PSU – Barkley, 79-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 13:05 (PSU 28–27)
PSU – Godwin, 72-yard TD run, Davis kick good, 11:27 (PSU 35–27)
PSU – McSorley, 3-yard TD TD run, Davis kick good, 10:26 (PSU 42–27)
USC – Juju Smith-Schuster, 13-yard TD pass from Darnold, Taylor McNamara pass from Darnold for 2-point conversion, 6:47 (PSU 42–35)
PSU – Barkley, 7-yard TD pass from McSorley, Davis kick good, 1:55 (PSU 49–35)

Fourth quarter

USC – Ronald Jones II, 3-yard TD TD run, Boermeester kick good, 8:15 (PSU 49–42)
USC – Burnett, 27-yard TD pass from Darnold, Boermeester kick good, 1:20 (TIE 49–49)
USC – Boermeester, 46-yard field goal, 0:00 (USC 52–49)

Top passers

USC – Sam Darnold – 33/53, 453 yards, 5 TD, INT
PSU – Trace McSorley – 18/29, 254 yards, 4 TD, 3 INT

Top rushers

USC – Ronald Jones II – 20 carries, 55 yards, TD
PSU – Saquon Barkley – 25 carries, 194 yards, 2 TD

Top receivers

USC – Deonta Burnett – 13 receptions, 164 yards, 3 TD
PSU – Chris Godwin – 9 receptions, 2 TD

Top defenders

USC – Stevie Tu'ikolovatu – 8 tackles
PSU – Jason Cabinda – 11 tackles

text: Roster[edit]

text:
2016 Penn State Nittany Lions football team roster

Players
Coaches

Offense

Pos.
#
Name
Class

QB
2
Stevens, TommyTommy Stevens
 1.5 !Fr

WR
3
Thompkins, DeAndreDeAndre Thompkins
 2.5 !So

WR
5
Hamilton, DaeSeanDaeSean Hamilton
 3.5 !Jr

WR
6
Robinson, AndreAndre Robinson
 1.5 !Fr

QB
7
Zembiec, JakeJake Zembiec
1.0 !Fr

RB
8
Allen, MarkMark Allen
 2.5 !So

QB
9
McSorley, TraceTrace McSorley
 2.5 !So

WR
10
Polk, BrandonBrandon Polk
3.0 !So

WR
11
Charles, IrvinIrvin Charles
 1.5 !Fr

WR
12
Godwin, ChrisChris Godwin
5.0 !Jr

WR
13
Blacknall, SaeedSaeed Blacknall
5.0 !Jr

QB
15
Shuster, MichaelMichael Shuster
1.0 !Fr

QB
16
Fessler, BillyBilly Fessler
 2.5 !So

TE
18
Holland, JonathanJonathan Holland
 1.5 !Fr

WR
19
Garrity, GreggGregg Garrity
57.0 !Sr

RB
24
Sanders, MilesMiles Sanders
1.0 !Fr

RB
26
Barkley, SaquonSaquon Barkley
3.0 !So

WR
28
Welde, ChristopherChristopher Welde
3.0 !So

RB
32
Paye, IrvineIrvine Paye
 3.5 !Jr

WR
39
McPhearson, JoshJosh McPhearson
 3.5 !Jr

RB
40
Eury, NickNick Eury
1.0 !Fr

OL
51
Gellerstedt, AlexAlex Gellerstedt
1.0 !Fr

G, C
52
Bates, RyanRyan Bates
 1.5 !Fr

G, C
53
Dowrey, DerekDerek Dowrey
 4.5 !Sr

C, G
55
Laurent, WendyWendy Laurent
 4.5 !Sr

G, C
57
Gonzalez, StevenSteven Gonzalez
 1.5 !Fr

T
58
Sorrell, ChanceChance Sorrell
 2.5 !So

T
59
Nelson, AndrewAndrew Nelson
 3.5 !Jr

T
60
Beh, NoahNoah Beh
 2.5 !So

G
62
Menet, MichalMichal Menet
1.0 !Fr

G
64
Simpson, ZachZach Simpson
 1.5 !Fr

OL
66
McGovern, ConnorConnor McGovern
1.0 !Fr

G
68
Kelly, HunterHunter Kelly
1.0 !Fr

G, C
69
De Boef, AdamAdam De Boef
 3.5 !Jr

G, C
70
Mahon, BrendanBrendan Mahon
 3.5 !Jr

T
71
Fries, WillWill Fries
1.0 !Fr

G, C
72
Gaia, BrianBrian Gaia
 4.5 !Sr

T
73
Palmer, ParisParis Palmer
57.0 !Sr

T
75
Brosnan, BrendanBrendan Brosnan
 2.5 !So

T
76
Jenkins, SterlingSterling Jenkins
 1.5 !Fr

G, C
77
Wright, ChaszChasz Wright
 2.5 !So

C, G
78
Devenney, TomTom Devenney
 3.5 !Jr

T
79
Shuman, CharlieCharlie Shuman
 2.5 !So

TE
80
Dalton, DannyDanny Dalton
1.0 !Fr

WR
81
Bentley, GordonGordon Bentley
 3.5 !Jr

TE
81
Grampp, StevenSteven Grampp
1.0 !Fr

WR
82
Shoop, TylerTyler Shoop
 1.5 !Fr

TE
83
Bowers, NickNick Bowers
 1.5 !Fr

WR
84
Johnson, JuwanJuwan Johnson
 1.5 !Fr

WR
85
Lutz, IsaacIsaac Lutz
1.0 !Fr

WR
86
Hodgens, CodyCody Hodgens
 3.5 !Jr

WR
87
Darien, Dae'LunDae'Lun Darien
1.0 !Fr

TE
88
Gesicki, MikeMike Gesicki
5.0 !Jr

TE
89
Pancoast, TomTom Pancoast
 3.5 !Jr

Defense

Pos.
#
Name
Class

CB
1
Campbell, ChristianChristian Campbell
5.0 !Jr

S
2
Allen, MarcusMarcus Allen
5.0 !Jr

S
4
Scott, NickNick Scott
 2.5 !So

LB
5
Wartman-White, NyeemNyeem Wartman-White
 4.5 !Sr

S
6
Golden, MalikMalik Golden
 4.5 !Sr

LB
7
Farmer, KoaKoa Farmer
 2.5 !So

LB
9
Miller, JarvisJarvis Miller
 1.5 !Fr

LB
11
Bell, BrandonBrandon Bell
57.0 !Sr

CB
12
Smith, JordanJordan Smith
57.0 !Sr

CB
14
McPhearson, ZechZech McPhearson
1.0 !Fr

CB
15
Haley, GrantGrant Haley
5.0 !Jr

S
16
Petrishen, JohnJohn Petrishen
 1.5 !Fr

CB
17
Taylor, GrantGrant Taylor
 1.5 !Fr

DE
19
Brown, TorrenceTorrence Brown
 2.5 !So

LB
20
Thomas, JohnathanJohnathan Thomas
 2.5 !So

CB
21
Oruwariye, AmaniAmani Oruwariye
 2.5 !So

S
23
Monroe, AyronAyron Monroe
 1.5 !Fr

LB
25
Walker, VonVon Walker
57.0 !Sr

CB
27
Johnson, T. J.T. J. Johnson
1.0 !Fr

S
28
Apke, TroyTroy Apke
5.0 !Jr

CB
29
Reid, JohnJohn Reid
3.0 !So

DT
30
Gaines, KevinKevin Gaines
 1.5 !Fr

LB
31
Brown, CamCam Brown
1.0 !Fr

S
32
Vallone, MitchellMitchell Vallone
5.0 !Jr

LB
33
Cooper, JakeJake Cooper
3.0 !So

DE
34
Simmons, ShaneShane Simmons
1.0 !Fr

LB
36
Johnson, JanJan Johnson
 1.5 !Fr

CB
36
Shorts, TroyTroy Shorts
 1.5 !Fr

CB
37
Alston, KyleKyle Alston
 3.5 !Jr

CB
38
Davis, DesiDesi Davis
 2.5 !So

LB
39
Di Leo, FrankFrank Di Leo
 1.5 !Fr

LB
40
Cabinda, JasonJason Cabinda
5.0 !Jr

DT
41
Cothren, ParkerParker Cothren
 3.5 !Jr

DT
42
Jordan, EllisonEllison Jordan
1.0 !Fr

LB
43
Bowen, MannyManny Bowen
3.0 !So

DE
44
Toney, ShakaShaka Toney
1.0 !Fr

LB
45
DuMond, JoeJoe DuMond
1.0 !Fr

DE
46
Castagna, ColinColin Castagna
3.0 !So

S
47
Blair, WillWill Blair
1.0 !Fr

LB
47
Smith, BrandonBrandon Smith
 3.5 !Jr

DE
48
Miller, ShareefShareef Miller
 1.5 !Fr

DE
49
Joseph, DanielDaniel Joseph
1.0 !Fr

LB
51
Vranic, JasonJason Vranic
5.0 !Jr

DT
52
Cothran, CurtisCurtis Cothran
 1.5 !Fr

DT
54
Windsor, RobertRobert Windsor
 1.5 !Fr

DT
55
Shelton, AntonioAntonio Shelton
1.0 !Fr

DT
56
Chavis, TyrellTyrell Chavis
5.0 !Jr

DE
90
Sickels, GarrettGarrett Sickels
 3.5 !Jr

DT
91
Monk, RyanRyan Monk
 1.5 !Fr

DT
93
White, AntoineAntoine White
 2.5 !So

DE
94
Schwan, EvanEvan Schwan
 4.5 !Sr

DT
96
Iyke, ImmanuelImmanuel Iyke
 1.5 !Fr

DE
97
Buchholz, RyanRyan Buchholz
 1.5 !Fr

DT
99
Thrift, BrenonBrenon Thrift
 2.5 !So

Special teams

Pos.
#
Name
Class

K, P
37
Gulla, ChrisChris Gulla
 3.5 !Jr

SN
41
Ladonis, ZachZach Ladonis
 3.5 !Jr

SN
44
Yazujian, TylerTyler Yazujian
 4.5 !Sr

K
90
Barbir, AlexAlex Barbir
1.0 !Fr

P
92
Pasquariello, DanielDaniel Pasquariello
5.0 !Jr

P, K
93
Gillikin, BlakeBlake Gillikin
1.0 !Fr

K, P
95
Davis, TylerTyler Davis
 3.5 !Jr

SN
96
Vasey, KyleKyle Vasey
 2.5 !So

SN
97
Cox, NickNick Cox
 1.5 !Fr

K, P
98
Wombacker, JordanJordan Wombacker
 1.5 !Fr

K
99
Julius, JoeyJoey Julius
 2.5 !So

Head coach

James Franklin

Coordinators/assistant coaches

Brent Pry (Defensive Coordinator/Associate Head Coach/Linebackers)
Joe Moorhead (Offensive Coordinator/Quarterbacks)
Charles Huff (Running backs/Special Teams Coordinator)
Ricky Rahne (Tight ends/Passing Game Coordinator)
Josh Gattis (Wide receivers/Offensive Recruiting Coordinator)
Terry Smith (Cornerbacks/Defensive Recruiting Coordinator)
Tim Banks (Safeties/Co-Defensive Coordinator)
Matt Limegrover (Offensive Line)
Sean Spencer (Defensive Line/Run Game Coordinator)
Dwight Galt (Strength and Conditioning)

Legend

(C) Team captain
(S) Suspended
(I) Ineligible

 Injured
 Redshirt

Roster

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Players[edit]

text:
Awards

Player
Award
Date Awarded
Ref.

Marcus Allen
Big Ten Co-Defensive Player of the Week
October 3, 2016
[3]

Saquon Barkley
Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week
October 10, 2016
[4]

Brandon Smith
Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week
October 10, 2016
[4]

Brandon Bell
Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week
October 24, 2016
[5]

Marcus Allen
Big Ten Co-Special Teams Player of the Week
October 24, 2016
[5]

Grant Haley
Big Ten Co-Special Teams Player of the Week
October 24, 2016
[5]

Saquon Barkley
Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week
October 31, 2016
[6]

Connor McGovern
Big Ten Freshman of the Week
November 7, 2016
[7]

Tyler Davis
Big Ten Co-Special Teams Player of the Week
November 21, 2016
[8]

Trace McSorley
Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week
November 29, 2016
[9]

Saquon Barkley
Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year
November 30, 2016
[10]

Saquon Barkley
Ameche-Dayne Running Back of the Year
November 29, 2016
[10]

Saquon Barkley
Chicago Tribune Silver Football
December 7, 2016
[11]

All-Big Ten[12][13]

Player
Selection

Saquon Barkley
First Team (Coaches & Media)

Tyler Davis
First Team (Coaches)
Second Team (Media)

Trace McSorley
Second Team (Coaches & Media)

Garrett Sickels
Second Team (Coaches)
Third Team (Media)

Evan Schwan
Third Team (Coaches & Media)

Jason Cabinda
Third Team (Coaches)
Honorable Mention (Media)

Marcus Allen
Third Team (Coaches)
Honorable Mention (Media)

Chris Godwin
Third Team (Media)
Honorable Mention (Coaches)

Mike Gesicki
Second Team (Media)
Honorable Mention (Coaches)

Brandon Bell
Honorable Mention (Coaches & Media)

Brian Gaia
Honorable Mention (Coaches & Media)

Blake Gillikin
Honorable Mention (Coaches & Media)

Parker Cothren
Honorable Mention (Coaches)

John Reid
Honorable Mention (Coaches & Media)

text: Coaches[edit]

text:
Coach
Award
Date Awarded
Ref.

James Franklin
Dave McClain Coach of the Year (media vote)
November 22, 2016

James Franklin
Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year
December 7, 2016
[14]


document_title: Statin

question_text: the overuse of statins may be toxic to which body organ

root

text: Statin

text: Medical uses[edit]

text: Clinical practice guidelines generally recommend people try "lifestyle modification", including a cholesterol-lowering diet and physical exercise, before statin use. Statins or other pharmacologic agents may be recommended for those who do not meet their lipid-lowering goals through diet and lifestyle changes.[11][12] Statins appear to work equally well in males and females.[13]

tag: p

text: Primary prevention[edit]

text: In 2016 the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended statins for those who have at least one risk factor for coronary heart disease, are between 40 and 75 years old, and have at least a 10% 10-year risk of heart disease.[14] The risk factors for coronary heart disease included abnormal lipid levels in the blood, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and smoking.[14] The risk of heart disease is estimated using the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort equation.[15] They recommended selective use of low-to-moderate doses statins in the same adults who have a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 7.5–10% or greater.[14]

text: Most evidence suggests that statins are effective in preventing heart disease in those with high cholesterol, but no history of heart disease. A 2013 Cochrane review found a decrease in risk of death and other poor outcomes without any evidence of harm.[2] For every 138 people treated for 5 years one fewer dies and for every 49 treated one fewer has an episode of heart disease.[7] A 2011 review reached similar conclusions.[16] And a 2012 review found benefits in both women and men.[17] A 2010 review concluded that treating people with no history of cardiovascular disease reduces cardiovascular events in men but not women, and provides no mortality benefit in either sex.[18] Two other meta-analyses published that year, one of which used data obtained exclusively from women, found no mortality benefit in primary prevention.[19][20]

text: The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends statin treatment for adults with an estimated 10 year risk of developing cardiovascular disease that is greater than 10%.[21] Guidelines by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association recommend statin treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with LDL cholesterol ≥ 190 mg/dL or those with diabetes, age 40–75 with LDL-C 70–190 mg/dl; or in those with a 10-year risk of developing heart attack or stroke of 7.5% or more. In this latter group, statin assignment was not automatic, but was recommended to occur only after a clinician-patient risk discussion with shared decision making where other risk factors and lifestyle are addressed, the potential for benefit from a statin is weighed against the potential for adverse effects or drug interactions and informed patient preference is elicited. Moreover, if a risk decision was uncertain, factors such as family history, coronary calcium score, ankle-brachial index, and an inflammation test (hs-CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L) were suggested to inform the risk decision. Additional factors that could be used were an LDL-C ≥ 160 or a very high lifetime risk.[22] However, critics such as Steven E. Nissen say that the AHA/ACC guidelines were not properly validated, overestimate the risk by at least 50%, and recommend statins for patients who will not benefit, based on populations whose observed risk is lower than predicted by the guidelines.[23] The European Society of Cardiology and the European Atherosclerosis Society recommend the use of statins for primary prevention, depending on baseline estimated cardiovascular score and LDL thresholds.[24]

text: Secondary prevention[edit]

text: Statins are effective in decreasing mortality in people with pre-existing CVD.[25] They are also advocated for use in people at high risk of developing coronary heart disease.[26] On average, statins can lower LDL cholesterol by 1.8 mmol/l (70 mg/dl), which translates into an estimated 60% decrease in the number of cardiac events (heart attack, sudden cardiac death) and a 17% reduced risk of stroke after long-term treatment.[27] They have less effect than the fibrates or niacin in reducing triglycerides and raising HDL-cholesterol ("good cholesterol").[28][29]

text: Statins have been studied for improving operative outcomes in cardiac and vascular surgery.[30] Mortality and adverse cardiovascular events were reduced in statin groups.[31]

text: Comparative effectiveness[edit]

text: While no direct comparison exists, all statins appear effective regardless of potency or degree of cholesterol reduction.[32] There do appear to be some differences between them, with simvastatin and pravastatin appearing superior in terms of side-effects.[3]

text: A comparison of simvastatin, pravastatin, and atorvastatin, based on their effectiveness against placebos, found, at commonly prescribed doses, no differences among the statins in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and lipids.[33]

text: Children[edit]

text: In children statins are effective at reducing cholesterol levels in those with familial hypercholesterolemia.[34] Their long term safety is, however, unclear.[34][35] Some recommend that if lifestyle changes are not enough statins should be started at 8 years old.[36]

text: Familial hypercholesterolemia[edit]

text: Statins may be less effective in reducing LDL cholesterol in people with familial hypercholesterolemia, especially those with homozygous deficiencies.[37] These people have defects usually in either the LDL receptor or apolipoprotein B genes, both of which are responsible for LDL clearance from the blood.[38] Statins remain a first-line treatment in familial hypercholesterolemia,[37] although other cholesterol-reducing measures may be required.[39] In people with homozygous deficiencies, statins may still prove helpful, albeit at high doses and in combination with other cholesterol-reducing medications.[40]

text: Contrast induced nephropathy[edit]

text: A 2014 meta-analysis found that statins could reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy by 53% in people undergoing coronary angiography/percutaneous interventions. The effect was found to be stronger among those with preexisting kidney dysfunction or diabetes mellitus.[41]

text: Adverse effects[edit]

text:
Choosing a statin for people with special considerations[42]

Condition
Commonly recommended statins
Explanation

Kidney transplantation recipients taking ciclosporin
Pravastatin or Fluvastatin
Drug interactions are possible, but studies have not shown that these statins increase exposure to ciclosporin.[43]

HIV-positive people taking protease inhibitors
Atorvastatin, Pravastatin or Fluvastatin
Negative interactions are more likely with other choices[44]

Persons taking gemfibrozil, a non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug
Atorvastatin
Combining gemfibrozil and a statin increases risk of rhabdomyolysis and subsequently kidney failure[45][46]

Persons taking the anticoagulant warfarin
Any statin
The statin use may require that the warfarin dose be changed, as some statins increase the effect of warfarin.[47]

text: The most important adverse side effects are muscle problems, an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, and increased liver enzymes in the blood due to liver damage.[48][49] Over 5 years of treatment statins result in 75 cases of diabetes, 7.5 cases of bleeding stroke, and 5 cases of muscle damage per 10,000 people treated.[25] This could be because, as statins inhibit the enzyme (HMG-CoA reductase) that makes cholesterol, statins also inhibit the other processes of this enzyme, such as CoQ10 production, and CoQ10 production is important for muscle cells and in blood sugar regulation.[50]

text: Other possible adverse effects include neuropathy, pancreatic and liver dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction.[51] The rate at which such events occur has been widely debated, in part because the risk/benefit ratio of statins in low-risk populations is highly dependent on the rate of adverse events.[52][53][54] A Cochrane meta-analysis of statin clinical trials in primary prevention found no evidence of excess adverse events among those treated with statins compared to placebo.[55] Another meta-analysis found a 39% increase in adverse events in statin treated people relative to those receiving placebo, but no increase in serious adverse events.[56] The author of one study argued that adverse events are more common in clinical practice than in randomized clinical trials.[51] A systematic review concluded that while clinical trial meta-analyses underestimate the rate of muscle pain associated with statin use, the rates of rhabdomyolysis are still "reassuringly low" and similar to those seen in clinical trials (about 1–2 per 10,000 person years).[57] A systematic review co-authored by Ben Goldacre concluded that only a small fraction of side effects reported by people on statins are actually attributable to the statin.[58]

text: Cognitive effects[edit]

text: There are reports of cognitive decline with statins.[59] In 2012, in recognition of an increase in reports and increasing concerns over the relationship between statins and memory loss (including reports of transient global amnesia), forgetfulness and confusion, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added to its required labeling on statin medications a warning about possible cognitive impacts.[60] The effects are described as rare, non-serious, and reversible upon cessation of treatment.[61]

text: Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that the available evidence does not support an association between statin use and cognitive decline.[62][63][64][65][66]

text: Muscles[edit]

text: In observational studies 10–15% of people who take statins experience muscle problems; in most cases these consist of muscle pain.[4] These rates, which are much higher than those seen in randomized clinical trials[57] have been the topic of extensive debate and discussion.[25][67]

text: Rare reactions include myopathies such as myositis (inflammation of the muscles) or even rhabdomyolysis (destruction of muscle cells), which can in turn result in life-threatening kidney injury. The risk of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis increases with older age, use of interacting medications such as fibrates, and hypothyroidism.[68] Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) levels are decreased in statin use;[69] CoQ10 supplements are sometimes used to treat statin-associated myopathy, though evidence of their efficacy is lacking as of 2007[update].[70] The gene SLCO1B1 (Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1) codes for an organic anion-transporting polypeptide that is involved in the regulation of the absorption of statins. A common variation in this gene was found in 2008 to significantly increase the risk of myopathy.[71]

text: Records exist of over 250,000 people treated from 1998 to 2001 with the statin drugs atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin.[72] The incidence of rhabdomyolyis was 0.44 per 10,000 patients treated with statins other than cerivastatin. However, the risk was over 10-fold greater if cerivastatin was used, or if the standard statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin) were combined with a fibrate (fenofibrate or gemfibrozil) treatment. Cerivastatin was withdrawn by its manufacturer in 2001.[73]

text: Some researchers have suggested hydrophilic statins, such as fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pravastatin, are less toxic than lipophilic statins, such as atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin, but other studies have not found a connection.[74] Lovastatin induces the expression of gene atrogin-1, which is believed to be responsible in promoting muscle fiber damage.[74] Tendon rupture does not appear to occur.[75]

text: Diabetes[edit]

text: The relationship between statin use and risk of developing diabetes remains unclear and the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are mixed.[76][77][78] Higher doses have a greater effect, but the decrease in cardiovascular disease outweighs the risk of developing diabetes.[79] Use in postmenopausal women is associated with an increased risk for diabetes.[80] The exact mechanism responsible for the possible increased risk of diabetes mellitus associated with statin use is unclear.[78] Statins are thought to decrease cells' uptake of glucose from the bloodstream in response to the hormone insulin.[78] One way this is thought to occur is by interfering with cholesterol synthesis which is necessary for the production of certain proteins responsible for glucose uptake into cells such as GLUT1.[78]

text: Cancer[edit]

text: Several meta-analyses have found no increased risk of cancer, and some meta-analyses have found a reduced risk.[81][82][83][84][85]

text: Statins may reduce the risk of esophageal cancer,[86] colorectal cancer,[87] gastric cancer,[88][89] hepatocellular carcinoma,[90] and possibly prostate cancer.[91][92] They appear to have no effect on the risk of lung cancer,[93] kidney cancer,[94] breast cancer,[95] pancreatic cancer,[96] or bladder cancer.[97]

text: Drug interactions[edit]

text: Combining any statin with a fibrate or niacin (other categories of lipid-lowering drugs) increases the risks for rhabdomyolysis to almost 6.0 per 10,000 person-years.[72] Monitoring liver enzymes and creatine kinase is especially prudent in those on high-dose statins or in those on statin/fibrate combinations, and mandatory in the case of muscle cramps or of deterioration in kidney function.

text: Consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of certain statins. Bitter oranges may have a similar effect.[98] Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice (i.e. bergamottin and dihydroxybergamottin) inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, which is involved in the metabolism of most statins (however, it is a major inhibitor of only lovastatin, simvastatin, and to a lesser degree, atorvastatin) and some other medications[99] (flavonoids (i.e. naringin) were thought to be responsible). This increases the levels of the statin, increasing the risk of dose-related adverse effects (including myopathy/rhabdomyolysis). The absolute prohibition of grapefruit juice consumption for users of some statins is controversial.[100]

text: The FDA notified healthcare professionals of updates to the prescribing information concerning interactions between protease inhibitors and certain statin drugs. Protease inhibitors and statins taken together may increase the blood levels of statins and increase the risk for muscle injury (myopathy). The most serious form of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, can damage the kidneys and lead to kidney failure, which can be fatal.[101]

text: Mechanism of action[edit]

text: Statins act by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Because statins are similar in structure to HMG-CoA on a molecular level, they will fit into the enzyme's active site and compete with the native substrate (HMG-CoA). This competition reduces the rate by which HMG-CoA reductase is able to produce mevalonate, the next molecule in the cascade that eventually produces cholesterol. A variety of natural statins are produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi as secondary metabolites. These natural statins probably function to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzymes in bacteria and fungi that compete with the producer.[103]

text: Inhibiting cholesterol synthesis[edit]

text: By inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, statins block the pathway for synthesizing cholesterol in the liver. This is significant because most circulating cholesterol comes from internal manufacture rather than the diet. When the liver can no longer produce cholesterol, levels of cholesterol in the blood will fall. Cholesterol synthesis appears to occur mostly at night,[104] so statins with short half-lives are usually taken at night to maximize their effect. Studies have shown greater LDL and total cholesterol reductions in the short-acting simvastatin taken at night rather than the morning,[105][106] but have shown no difference in the long-acting atorvastatin.[107]

text: Increasing LDL uptake[edit]

text: In rabbits, liver cells sense the reduced levels of liver cholesterol and seek to compensate by synthesizing LDL receptors to draw cholesterol out of the circulation.[108] This is accomplished via proteases that cleave membrane-bound sterol regulatory element binding proteins, which then migrate to the nucleus and bind to the sterol response elements. The sterol response elements then facilitate increased transcription of various other proteins, most notably, LDL receptor. The LDL receptor is transported to the liver cell membrane and binds to passing LDL and VLDL particles (colloquially, "bad cholesterol"), mediating their uptake into the liver, where the cholesterol is reprocessed into bile salts and other byproducts.

text: Decreasing of specific protein prenylation[edit]

text: Statins, by inhibiting the HMG CoA reductase pathway, simultaneously inhibit the production of both cholesterol and specific prenylated proteins (see diagram).This inhibitory effect on protein prenylation may be involved, at least partially, in the improvement of endothelial function, modulation of immune function, and other pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of statins,[109][110][111][112][113][114] as well as in the fact that a number of other drugs that lower LDL have not shown the same cardiovascular risk benefits in studies as statins,[115] and may also account for certain of the benefits seen in cancer reduction with statins.[116] In addition, the inhibitory effect on protein prenylation may also be involved in a number of unwanted side effects associated with statins, including muscle pain (myopathy)[117] and elevated blood sugar (diabetes).[118]

text: Other effects[edit]

text: As noted above, statins exhibit action beyond lipid-lowering activity in the prevention of atherosclerosis. The ASTEROID trial showed direct ultrasound evidence of atheroma regression during statin therapy.[119] Researchers hypothesize that statins prevent cardiovascular disease via four proposed mechanisms (all subjects of a large body of biomedical research):[120]

text:
Improve endothelial function
Modulate inflammatory responses
Maintain plaque stability
Prevent blood clot formation

tag: ol

text: In 2008, the JUPITER study showed benefit in those who had no history of high cholesterol or heart disease, but only elevated C-reactive protein levels.[121] The conclusions of this study are, however, controversial.[122][123][124]

text: Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]

text: Jump up ^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

text: Available forms[edit]

text: The statins are divided into two groups: fermentation-derived and synthetic. They include, along with brand names, which may vary between countries:

text:
Statin
Image
Brand name
Derivation
Metabolism[125]

Atorvastatin

Lipitor, Ator
Synthetic
CYP3A4

Cerivastatin

Lipobay, Baycol (withdrawn from the market in August, 2001 due to risk of serious rhabdomyolysis)
Synthetic
various CYP3A isoforms[126]

Fluvastatin

Lescol, Lescol XL
Synthetic
CYP2C9

Lovastatin

Mevacor, Altocor, Altoprev
Naturally occurring, fermentation-derived compound. It is found in oyster mushrooms and red yeast rice
CYP3A4

Mevastatin

Compactin
Naturally occurring compound found in red yeast rice
CYP3A4

Pitavastatin

Livalo, Livazo, Pitava
Synthetic
CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 (minimally)

Pravastatin

Pravachol, Selektine, Lipostat
Fermentation-derived (a fermentation product of bacterium Nocardia autotrophica)
Non-CYP[127]

Rosuvastatin

Crestor
Synthetic
CYP2C9 and CYP2C19

Simvastatin

Zocor, Lipex
Fermentation-derived (simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus)
CYP3A4

Simvastatin + ezetimibe

Vytorin, Inegy
Combination therapy: statin + cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Lovastatin + niacin extended-release

Advicor, Mevacor
Combination therapy

Atorvastatin + amlodipine

Caduet, Envacar
Combination therapy: statin + calcium antagonist

Simvastatin + niacin extended-release

Simcor
Combination therapy

text: LDL-lowering potency varies between agents. Cerivastatin is the most potent, (withdrawn from the market in August, 2001 due to risk of serious rhabdomyolysis) followed by (in order of decreasing potency), rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin.[128] The relative potency of pitavastatin has not yet been fully established.[citation needed]

text: Some types of statins are naturally occurring, and can be found in such foods as oyster mushrooms and red yeast rice. Randomized controlled trials have found these foodstuffs to reduce circulating cholesterol, but the quality of the trials has been judged to be low.[129] Due to patent expiration, most of the block-buster branded statins have been generic since 2012, including atorvastatin, the largest-selling branded drug.[citation needed]

text:
Statin equivalent dosages

% LDL reduction (approx.)
Atorvastatin
Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

10–20%
–
20 mg
10 mg
10 mg
–
5 mg

20–30%
–
40 mg
20 mg
20 mg
–
10 mg

30–40%
10 mg
80 mg
40 mg
40 mg
5 mg
20 mg

40–45%
20 mg
–
80 mg
80 mg
5–10 mg
40 mg

46–50%
40 mg
–
–
–
10–20 mg
80 mg*

50–55%
80 mg
–
–
–
20 mg
–

56–60%
–
–
–
–
40 mg
–

* 80-mg dose no longer recommended due to increased risk of rhabdomyolysis

Starting dose

Starting dose
10–20 mg
20 mg
10–20 mg
40 mg
10 mg; 5 mg if hypothyroid, >65 yo, Asian
20 mg

If higher LDL reduction goal
40 mg if >45%
40 mg if >25%
20 mg if >20%
--
20 mg if LDL >190 mg/dL (4.87 mmol/L)
40 mg if >45%

Optimal timing
Anytime
Evening
With evening meals
Anytime
Anytime
Evening

text: [citation needed]

text: History[edit]

text: In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, began the search for a cholesterol-lowering drug. Research had already shown cholesterol is mostly manufactured by the body in the liver, using the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase.[8] Endo and his team reasoned that certain microorganisms may produce inhibitors of the enzyme to defend themselves against other organisms, as mevalonate is a precursor of many substances required by organisms for the maintenance of their cell walls (ergosterol)[dubious – discuss] or cytoskeleton (isoprenoids).[103] The first agent they identified was mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum.

text: A British group isolated the same compound from Penicillium brevicompactum, named it compactin, and published their report in 1976.[130] The British group mentions antifungal properties, with no mention of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition.[citation needed]

text: Mevastatin was never marketed, because of its adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death in laboratory dogs. P. Roy Vagelos, chief scientist and later CEO of Merck & Co, was interested, and made several trips to Japan starting in 1975. By 1978, Merck had isolated lovastatin (mevinolin, MK803) from the fungus Aspergillus terreus, first marketed in 1987 as Mevacor.[8]

text: A link between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease, known as the lipid hypothesis, had already been suggested. Cholesterol is the main constituent of atheroma, the fatty lumps in the wall of arteries that occur in atherosclerosis and, when ruptured, cause the vast majority of heart attacks. Treatment consisted mainly of dietary measures, such as a low-fat diet, and poorly tolerated medicines, such as clofibrate, cholestyramine, and nicotinic acid. Cholesterol researcher Daniel Steinberg writes that while the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial of 1984 demonstrated cholesterol lowering could significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and angina, physicians, including cardiologists, remained largely unconvinced.[131]

text: Society and culture[edit]

text: To market statins effectively, Merck had to convince the public of the dangers of high cholesterol, and doctors that statins were safe and would extend lives. As a result of public campaigns, people in the United States became familiar with their cholesterol numbers and the difference between "good" and "bad" cholesterol, and rival pharmaceutical companies began producing their own statins, such as pravastatin (Pravachol), manufactured by Sankyo and Bristol-Myers Squibb. In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%.[8][132] In 1995, Zocor and Mevacor both made Merck over US$1 billion.[8] Endo was awarded the 2006 Japan Prize, and the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2008. For his "pioneering research into a new class of molecules" for "lowering cholesterol,"[133] Endo was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in Alexandria, Virginia in 2012. Michael C. Brown and Joseph Goldstein, who won the Nobel Prize for related work on cholesterol, said of Endo: "The millions of people whose lives will be extended through statin therapy owe it all to Akira Endo."[134]

text: Research[edit]

text: Research continues into other areas where specific statins also appear to have a favorable effect, including dementia,[135] lung cancer,[136] nuclear cataracts,[137] hypertension,[138][139] and prostate cancer.[140]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Statins are perhaps the most widely prescribed drug-type, and related patents are beginning to expire.[141]

text: In 2014 The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) issued a report of the side effects of statin usage, which found that some patients reported cognitive problems, including issues with forgetfulness, memory loss, and confusion.Other patients, who run a risk of raised blood sugar levels that statins can lead to Type-2 Diabetic Mellitus were also of concern. There was a further report released in March 2015, which states Finnish researchers had determined that patients using statins have a significant risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus.[142]

text: The publication of a report entitled "Cholesterol confusion and statin controversy" by Robert DuBroff (a research cardiologist, University Of New Mexico) and Michel de Lorgeril (a medical researcher at the French Centre National de Recherche Scientifique specialized in cardiology and nutrition – and a member of the European Society of Cardiology) presented to the World Congress of Cardiology merely suggested than association between cholesterol levels does not necessarily indicate a cause of Coronary Heart Disease, but may be also simply a coincidence or an incidental consequence.[143]

text: The public controversy over cholesterol medication use resulted from authoritative medical journals which ran scientific articles (such as the one quoted above) questioning the widespread prescriptions of statins. Popular interpretation in Britain is said to have prompted an estimated 200,000 people to stop using statins over a six-month period to mid 2016, according to the authors of a study funded by the British Heart Foundation. They conclude there could be up to 2,000 extra heart attacks or strokes over the following 10 years as a consequence, but admit that it is impossible to be certain.[144]

text: The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence asserts that statins could prevent up to 28,000 heart attacks and 16,000 strokes each year in Britain. That guidance, which was based on evidence from the group led by Prof Rory Collins at the clinical trials service unit at Oxford University, was questioned by the British Medical Journal, which is campaigning against the over-use of medicines and medical treatment[145]

text: An unintended effect of the academic statin controversy is the spread of scientifically questionable alternative therapies. Cardiologist Steven Nissen at Cleveland Clinic commented "We are losing the battle for the hearts and minds of our patients to Web sites..."[146] promoting unproven medical therapies.


document_title: Oyster pail

question_text: where was the chinese take out box invented

text: Oyster pail

text: Uses[edit]

text: The container has the advantage of being inexpensive, durable and fairly leak-proof as long as it is kept upright. The top usually includes a locking paperboard tab so that it is self-closing. The simple origami-like folded construction also allows for some escape of steam from hot food. If care is used to remove the flaps, and the sides are unfolded, the container can also double as a somewhat flimsy plate. However it is also typical to eat directly out of the container, a feat that the long reach of chopsticks makes easier. The containers are primarily used with American Chinese cuisine, though they have started to spread in some European countries.

text: Oyster pails that can be used safely in microwave ovens (without the metal handle, which can cause arcing in a microwave) are also available. Microwave-safe pails often come with no handle or a handle made of plastic.

text: The containers may also be used for storing or transporting non-food items, such as soap bath beads or small parts. Takeout containers have also been offered as novelty packaging for small gifts.[1]

text: History[edit]

text: Early patents date to 1890,[2] 1894[3] and 1908.[4] The paperboard oyster pail was invented at a time when fresh oysters were more popular, more plentiful, and less expensive than they are at present. Since shucking oysters (removing the raw meat from the shell) takes some amount of skill and can be difficult and dangerous, it was common to have the oyster seller open the oysters so they could be taken home for use in cooked dishes. The oyster pail provided an inexpensive and sanitary way to accomplish this. In the early 20th century oyster pails were also used to hold honey.[5] In the mid-20th century, overfishing (and the subsequent rise in price) of oysters left manufacturers with a significant number of unsold oyster pails.

text: However, in the US after World War II, there was a huge increase in sales of prepared foods that could be purchased from restaurants, and heated or finished at home. Chinese food proved to be a popular choice, since it was tasty, unusual, fairly inexpensive and traveled well. The oyster pail was quickly adopted for "Chinese takeout". The paperboard pails were to some extent self-insulating, and could be used for a wide variety of foods including cooked rice, moist dishes such as egg foo young and sauced dishes, though they were generally unsuitable for hot highly liquid dishes such as soups.

text: The containers are also used by restaurants offering classic American takeout food, such as French fries or fried clams, but the paperboard containers have become strongly associated with Chinese takeout in popular culture. In 2011, the Smithsonian National Museum of American History displayed iconic Chinese takeout containers in its exhibit Sweet & Sour: A Look at the History of Chinese Food in the United States.[6]


document_title: List of countries by coffee production

question_text: where is most of the worlds coffee grown

text: List of countries by coffee production

text: The following table lists the total coffee production of coffee exporting countries.[1]

text: Main exporters by country in 2015/16[edit]

text:
Country

60 kilogram bags

Metric Tons

Pounds

 Brazil

43,200,000

2,592,000

5,714,381,000

 Vietnam

27,500,000

1,650,000

3,637,627,000

 Colombia

13,500,000

810,000

1,785,744,000

 Indonesia

11,000,000

660,000

1,455,050,000

 Ethiopia

6,400,000

384,000

846,575,000

 Honduras

5,800,000

348,000

767,208,000

 India

5,800,000

348,000

767,208,000

 Uganda

4,800,000

288,000

634,931,000

 Mexico

3,900,000

234,000

515,881,000

 Guatemala

3,400,000

204,000

449,743,000

 Peru

3,200,000

192,000

423,287,000

 Nicaragua

2,200,000

132,000

291,010,000

 China(2013/14 est.)[2]

1,947,000

116,820

257,544,000

 Ivory Coast

1,800,000

108,000

238,099,000

 Costa Rica

1,492,000

89,520

197,357,000

 Kenya

833,000

49,980

110,187,000

 Papua New Guinea

800,000

48,000

105,821,000

 Tanzania

800,000

48,000

105,821,000

 El Salvador

762,000

45,720

100,795,000

 Ecuador

700,000

42,000

92,594,000

 Cameroon

570,000

34,200

75,398,000

 Laos

520,000

31,200

68,784,000

 Madagascar

520,000

31,200

68,784,000

 Gabon

500,000

30,000

66,138,000

 Thailand

500,000

30,000

66,138,000

 Venezuela

500,000

30,000

66,138,000

 Dominican Republic

400,000

24,000

52,910,000

 Haiti

350,000

21,000

46,297,000

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

335,000

20,100

44,312,000

 Rwanda

250,000

15,000

33,069,000

 Burundi

200,000

12,000

26,455,000

 Philippines

200,000

12,000

26,455,000

 Togo

200,000

12,000

26,455,000

 Guinea

160,000

9,600

21,164,000

 Yemen

120,000

7,200

15,873,000

 Cuba

100,000

6,000

13,227,000

 Panama

100,000

6,000

13,227,000

 Bolivia

90,000

5,400

11,904,000

 Timor Leste

80,000

4,800

10,582,000

 Central African Republic

65,000

3,900

8,598,000

 Nigeria

40,000

2,400

5,291,000

 Ghana

37,000

2,220

4,894,000

 Sierra Leone

36,000

2,160

4,761,000

 Angola

35,000

2,100

4,629,000

 Jamaica

21,000

1,260

2,777,000

 Paraguay

20,000

1,200

2,645,000

 Malawi

16,000

960

2,116,000

 Trinidad and Tobago

12,000

720

1,587,000

 Zimbabwe

10,000

600

1,322,000

 Liberia

6,000

360

793,000

 Zambia

2,000

120

264,000


document_title: Dr. McGillicuddy's

question_text: what is the alcohol content of dr mcgillicuddy

text: Dr. McGillicuddy's

text:
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text: Dr. McGillicuddy's is a line of liqueurs produced in Canada and the United States by the Sazerac Company (acquired from Seagram in 1989).[1][2][3][4] It comes in various flavors including Apple Pie, Butterscotch, Cherry, Coffee, Lemon, Mentholmint, Peach, Peppermint, Raw Vanilla, Root Beer, and Wild Grape.[5] Dr. McGillicuddy's liqueurs are between 30 and 60 U.S. proof (15–30% alcohol by volume), depending on the flavor. The liqueurs are available in a range of bottle sizes 50ml, 100ml, 200ml, 375ml, 750ml, 1L and 1.75 liters. [6]

text: According to the brand website, a character named Dr. Aloysius Percival McGillicuddy created the liqueur. He lived in the late 19th century as a bartender in an old western town. [7]

text: In 2016, Sazerac launched several Dr. McGillicuddy branded flavored whiskeys; Apple, Peach, Honey and Blackberry. They are all 60 proof.[8] The flavored whiskey are available in bottle sizes 50ml, 750ml and 1L.

text: In 2012, the brand was among the 100 largest selling brands by revenue among brands analyzed by SymphonyIRI, and had a market growth rate exceeding 100%.[9]

text: The brand name has also been used by Sazerac for a New Orleans-based non-alcoholic root beer.[10][11]

text: Discontinued flavors and the rebranding of Fireball[edit]

text: Originally, Fireball Cinnamon Whisky was labelled as "Dr. McGillicuddy's Fireball Whisky" when it was introduced by Seagram in the mid-1980s.[3] The "Dr. McGillicuddy's" was dropped from the label in 2007, to differentiate it from the rest of the "Dr. McGillicuddy's" line.[12][13][14]

text: Previously, the lineup included a Black Licorice and Lemon Drop liqueurs but the company web site does not currently list it as being available.[5][15][16]