document_title: Rose Bowl Game

question_text: who has won the most rose bowl games

question_tokens: who has won the most rose bowl games

text: Rose Bowl Game

text: History[edit]

text: Originally titled the "Tournament East–West football game",[4] the first Rose Bowl was played on January 1, 1902, starting the tradition of New Year's Day bowl games. The football game was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of the Rose Parade.[5] The inaugural game featured Fielding H. Yost's dominating 1901 Michigan team, representing the East, which crushed a previously 3-1-2 team from Stanford University, representing the West, by a score of 49–0 after Stanford quit in the third quarter. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was crowned the national champion. Yost had been Stanford's coach the previous year. The game was so lopsided that for the next thirteen years, the Tournament of Roses officials ran chariot races, ostrich races, and other various events instead of football.[6] But, on New Year's Day 1916, football returned to stay as the State College of Washington (now Washington State University) defeated Brown University in the first annual Rose Bowl with that explicit name.

text: Tournament Park and Rose Bowl stadium[edit]

text: Before the Rose Bowl was built for the January 1, 1923 match, games were played in Pasadena's Tournament Park, approximately three miles (5 km) southeast of the current Rose Bowl stadium near the campus of Caltech. Tournament Park was determined to be unsuitable for the larger and larger crowds gathering to watch the game and a new, permanent home for the game was commissioned.

text: The Rose Bowl stadium, designed after the Yale Bowl in New Haven, then hosted the first "Rose Bowl" game in 1923. The name of the stadium was alternatively "Tournament of Roses Stadium" or "Tournament of Roses Bowl", until the name "Rose Bowl" was settled on before the 1923 game.[7]

text: The stadium seating has been reconfigured several times since its original construction in 1922. For many years, the Rose Bowl stadium had the largest football stadium capacity in the United States, eventually being surpassed by Michigan Stadium in 1998.[8][9] The maximum stated seating capacity was 104,594 from 1972 to 1997. Capacity was lowered following 1998; the 2006 game, which was also the BCS championship game, had a crowd of 93,986; and a crowd of 94,118 saw the 2011 game between TCU and Wisconsin.[10] As of 2012, the Rose Bowl is number seven on the List of American football stadiums by capacity with a current official seating capacity of 92,542 and is still the largest stadium that hosts post-season bowl games.[11] The Rose Bowl is also the only BCS bowl game that is held in a non-NFL stadium.

text: Team selection 1916–1946[edit]

text: In the game’s early years, except during World War I, the Rose Bowl always pitted a team—not necessarily the conference champion—from the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC), the predecessor of the current Pac-12 Conference, against an opponent from the Eastern U.S. During the last two years of World War I, teams from military bases met in the Rose Bowl. During its history, a number of notable matchups have been made with the top football teams and top coaches of the time. These include the 1925 game, with Knute Rockne's Notre Dame and their Four Horsemen, against "Pop" Warner's Stanford; the 1926 edition saw the Alabama Crimson Tide’s win over Washington; and 1940 featured Howard Jones' USC Trojans against Bob Neyland's Tennessee Volunteers. During this period, there were ten games in which undefeated teams were matched.

text: World War II - 1942 venue change to Durham, North Carolina[edit]

text: After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and a series of attacks on West Coast shipping beginning on December 18,[12] there were concerns about a possible Japanese attack on the West Coast. The Rose Parade, with a million watchers, and the Rose Bowl, with 90,000 spectators, were presumed to be ideal targets for the Japanese. Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt recommended that the Rose Parade and Rose Bowl festivities be canceled.[13][14][15] The Rose Bowl committee originally planned to cancel the game. On December 16, Duke University invited the game and Oregon State to Duke's home stadium in Durham, North Carolina.[16][17] After the 1942 Allied victory in the Battle of Midway and the end of the Japanese offensives in the Pacific Theater during 1942, it was deemed that the West Coast was no longer vulnerable to attack, and the Rose Bowl game continued on in the Rose Bowl Stadium. Few Georgia fans were able to make the trip to the 1943 Rose Bowl because of wartime travel restrictions.[18] There were a large number of military servicemen in attendance.[19] The Tournament of Roses parade itself still was not held in 1943 due to the war.[20]

text: Big Nine–PCC agreement[edit]

text: During World War II, many college football schools had dropped some conference opponents and instead played football against local military base teams. Many colleges could not even field teams due to the draft and manpower requirements.[21] After the war was over, demobilization and the G.I. Bill enabled returning servicemen to attend college. The 1946 season was the first true post-war college football season with travel restrictions lifted and civilian college opponents returning to schedules.

text: The Big Nine and PCC were of the same accord when it came to treating players as amateurs, as compared to the semi-professional status that the Southern Universities proposed. Also, the Big Nine and PCC both had the same attitudes towards desegregation and allowing African-Americans to play football.[22] Many other universities were still segregated. None of the Southeastern Conference schools had an African American athlete until 1966. The Cotton Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Sugar Bowl would not be integrated until 1948, 1955, and 1956 respectively.[23]

text: The Big Nine agreed in 1946, after eight years of negotiating over payments, rules, and ticket allocations, to a five-year exclusive deal with the Rose Bowl to send the conference champion to meet the PCC conference champion.[24] UCLA, USC, Minnesota and Illinois all voted against it.[25] The 1947 Rose Bowl, with UCLA meeting Illinios, was the first game under this agreement.

text: Big Ten–AAWU/Pac-8/10 agreement[edit]

text: When the PCC dissolved prior to the 1959 season following a pay-for-play scandal in 1958, there was no official agreement in force. The Tournament of Roses selected from the former members of PCC and invited Washington, the first champion of the newly formed Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU), to play Big Ten champion Wisconsin in the 1960 Rose Bowl. The Big Ten authorized its members to accept any Rose Bowl invitation at their discretion.

text: The AAWU signed an agreement with the Rose Bowl that remained in force from the 1961 Rose Bowl until the advent of the BCS era in 1998. In 1962, after Minnesota changed its vote against pursuing a new agreement (resolving a 5–5 voting deadlock which had prevented any new negotiations for years), a Big Ten agreement was finalized, which went into effect with the 1963 Rose Bowl and lasted until the BCS era.

text: While the Big Ten supplied the "East" representative and the PCC, AAWU, or Pac-8/10 supplied the "West" representative from the 1947 Rose Bowl to the BCS era, statements about an "exclusive" Rose Bowl agreement existing during this period are not entirely accurate: the Big Ten was not part of any agreement for the 1961 and 1962 games and the status of the agreement for 1960 is questionable, at best. The fact that the 1961 Big Ten champion, Ohio State, declined the invitation to play in the 1962 Rose Bowl (without penalty) is the clearest evidence that this "exclusive agreement" did not exist in these years.

text: The AAWU used "Big Five", "Big Six", and "Pacific-8" as unofficial nicknames (each reflecting the number of conference members). It officially adopted the "Pacific-8" name for the 1968 season. The name changed to "Pacific-10" with the arrival of Arizona and Arizona State in 1978, its last official name change prior to the formation of the BCS in 1998. The Big Ten Conference retained the same name throughout this period, even though it had eleven members by the start of the BCS era due to the addition of Penn State in 1990.

text: Both conferences had a "no repeat" rule in force for a number of years. Under this rule, any team that had appeared in the Rose Bowl game the previous season could not go, even if they were the conference champion. The notable exceptions to this rule were Washington playing in the 1960 and 1961 games and Minnesota playing in the 1961 and 1962 games during the period when the conference agreements were in a state of flux. The Big Ten abolished this rule in 1972. The AAWU/Pac-8 had abandoned its no-repeat rule by the time Southern California played in four consecutive Rose Bowl games from 1967 to 1970.

text: Both conferences also had "exclusive agreements" with the Rose Bowl game, in the sense that member schools were not allowed to play in any other bowl game. Both conferences abolished this rule before the 1975 college football season. As a result, Michigan and USC were allowed to play in the 1976 Orange Bowl and the 1975 Liberty Bowl, respectively.

text: Bowl Championship Series[edit]

text: As of the 1998 season, with the creation of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS), team selection for the Rose Bowl was tied to the other three BCS bowls, although in any given year the Rose Bowl still attempted, if possible, to maintain the traditional Pac-10 (Pac-12 after the addition of Utah and Colorado in 2011) versus Big Ten format (though if the champ from either or both conference was ranked BCS #1 or #2, they were allowed into the national championship game and the runner up of their conference got the nod). Twice in this era, the Rose Bowl had served as the BCS championship game.

text: The 2002 game served as the BCS championship game between the BCS No. 1–ranked Miami, then a member of the Big East Conference, and the BCS No. 2–ranked Nebraska, then a member of the Big 12 Conference. The Nebraska selection as the BCS No. 2 team was controversial because Oregon was ranked No. 2 in both the AP and Coaches Polls, while Nebraska was ranked No. 4 in both polls and did not play in its conference championship game (No. 3 Colorado, who would play Oregon in that year's Fiesta Bowl, did and won the Big 12's automatic bid to the BCS). This prevented a West Coast team playing in the Rose Bowl for their first time, and it also marked the first matchup since 1946 not to feature the traditional pairing of Pac-10 vs. Big Ten teams.

text: The 2006 Rose Bowl game featured offensive powerhouses Texas, riding a 19-game winning streak, and USC, which entered the game with a 34-game winning streak and two Heisman Trophy winners. Texas won 41–38. The game had a television viewership of 35.6 million,[26] the highest for college football contest since the 1987 Fiesta Bowl between Penn State and Miami.

text: On two other occasions during the BCS era, Rose Bowl participation had expanded beyond the Big Ten and Pac-10. The 2003 Rose Bowl couldn't select Big Ten co-champion and automatic qualifier Ohio State, who finished No. 2 in the BCS and thus received a bid to the Fiesta Bowl to play for the national championship. The Rose Bowl was poised to select Big Ten co-champion Iowa as an at-large in order to preserve the traditional Big Ten/Pac-10 match up. However, the Orange Bowl, which selected ahead of the Rose Bowl that year, chose the Hawkeyes. As a result, the Rose Bowl featured the first appearance by Oklahoma, who faced Pac-10 Champion Washington State. The 2005 game featured Texas of the Big 12 Conference, selected, amid some controversy, over California of the Pac-10, marking the second time a West Coast team did not make the Rose Bowl. The controversy was the result of the BCS computer rankings which elevated Texas over California. Texas went on to defeat Michigan in the 2005 game, featuring a four-touchdown performance by Vince Young, foreshadowing his 467-yard performance a year later in the 2006 defeat of USC that won the National Title for Texas.

text: The 2004 game is also noteworthy. In this game, USC defeated Michigan, 28–14, thus earning the top ranking in the AP Poll and a share of the national championship with BCS champion LSU. USC, despite being No. 1 in the AP poll, did not qualify for the BCS championship game because of their standing in the BCS system.

text: The second BCS-era Rose Bowl arrangement ran from 2004 through 2014. The Big Ten and Pac-12 (the new name of the Pac-10) retained their bids, but a provision was inserted mandating that the first time that either conference could not fill their bid (due to a school from the Big Ten or Pac-12 qualifying for the BCS National Championship Game), and if a non-BCS conference school qualified, the Rose Bowl was required to take that school.[27] As a result, Texas Christian University (TCU) became the first team from a non-automatic qualifying conference to play in the Rose Bowl in the BCS era. The 2010 TCU Horned Frogs finished their second consecutive regular season at 12–0, were back-to-back champions of the Mountain West Conference, and ranked No. 3 in the final BCS Poll. TCU defeated No. 5 Wisconsin 21–19 in the 2011 Rose Bowl. TCU's appearance satisfied the 'first time' clause of the current agreement.

text: The 100th Rose Bowl Game featured a traditional pairing of Big Ten champion versus Pac-12 champion, with Michigan State playing against Stanford on January 1, 2014. Michigan State won the game, 24–20.

text: The Bowl Championship Series format ended with the 2014 BCS National Championship Game, played at the Rose Bowl stadium on January 6.

text: College Football Playoff[edit]

text: The BCS was replaced in 2014 by the College Football Playoff, which selects four teams for two national semifinal games, leading to a championship game. As part of the arrangement, the Rose Bowl game functions as a semifinal playoff game every three years. In years when the Rose Bowl is not hosting a semifinal, it takes the Pac-12 and Big Ten champions, provided they are outside of the top four and not in a semifinal.

text: The first game under the new arrangement was played on January 1, 2015 and was known as the College Football Playoff semifinal at the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual. It featured the Oregon Ducks of the Pac-12 Conference and the Florida State Seminoles, the first Atlantic Coast Conference team to participate in the Rose Bowl. Oregon defeated Florida State, 59–20, ending the Seminoles' 29-game winning streak, which dated back to the end of the 2012 season. As a result, Oregon advanced to the 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship played on January 12. The 59 points were a new Rose Bowl Game scoring record for a team.

text: The 2016 Rose Bowl featured Pac-12 champions Stanford against Big Ten West Division champions Iowa. Stanford defeated Iowa 45–16, scoring 35 points in the first half, the most points ever scored in the first half of a Rose Bowl. Big Ten champions Michigan State defeated Iowa 16–13 in the Big Ten championship Game, but lost 38-0 to Alabama in a CFP semifinal on New Year's Eve. There was some controversy over the selection of the Big Ten's Rose Bowl representative, given that both Iowa and Ohio State finished their seasons with only one loss, both losing to Michigan State. In the end, the College Football Playoff Committee ranked Iowa ahead of Ohio State, which led to Iowa's first Rose Bowl berth since 1991.[28][29] Iowa was ranked fifth in the final College Football Playoff rankings, and Stanford sixth, meaning that the 2016 Rose Bowl featured the strongest matchup that was not part of the College Football Playoff.

text: The next semifinal to be hosted at the Rose Bowl will be on January 1, 2018.

text: Sponsorship and broadcasting rights[edit]

text: For many years the Rose Bowl eschewed sponsorship, but in 1999, the it became "The Rose Bowl Game presented by AT&T." Unlike the other bowl games, the sponsor was not added to the title of the game, but instead as a presenter.[31] In 2002 it was branded The Rose Bowl Game presented by PlayStation 2. From 2003 to 2010, after the agreement with Sony expired, the game was presented by Citi.

text: In June 2010, Citi decided to end sponsorship of the Rose Bowl games, including the National Championship game.[32] In October 2010, HDTV maker Vizio signed a 4-year contract to be the official sponsor of the Rose Bowl games through 2014.[33] After Vizio declined to renew sponsorship in 2014, financial services giant Northwestern Mutual became the new presenting sponsor.[34]

text: The 1952 game was the first nationally televised bowl game and the first nationally televised college game of any sport.[35] From 1952 to 1988,[36] the Rose Bowl was televised by NBC at 2 p.m. PST, and in most years was the only New Year's Day bowl airing at that time. The 1962 game was the first college football game broadcast in color.

text: From 1989 to 2010, the game was broadcast on ABC, usually at 2 p.m. PST; the 2005 edition was the first one broadcast in HDTV. Beginning in 2007, FOX had the broadcast rights to the other Bowl Championship Series games, but the Rose Bowl, which negotiates its own television contract independent of the BCS, had agreed to keep the game on ABC.

text: Beginning with the 2010 season, ESPN (majority-owned by ABC's parent company, The Walt Disney Company) now broadcasts all the BCS/CFP games, including the Rose Bowl game.[37][38] The game is also broadcast nationally by ESPN Radio and by ESPN International for Latin America. In 2013 ESPN Deportes provided the first Spanish language telecast in the U.S. of the Rose Bowl Game.[39]

text: The Rose Bowl game contract with ESPN was extended on June 28, 2012, to 2026, for a reportedly $80 million per year.[40][41] Northwestern Mutual took over as presenting sponsor in 2015 and will continue until 2020.

text: Game results[edit]

text:
Winners in boldface
Italics denote a tie game

text:
Date played
West / Pac-12
East / Big Ten
Attendance[42]
Notes

January 1, 1902
Stanford
0
Michigan
49
8,000
notes

January 1, 1916
Washington State
14
Brown
0
7,000
notes

January 1, 1917
Oregon
14
Pennsylvania
0
26,000
notes

January 1, 1918[b]
Mare Island – USMC
19
Camp Lewis – US Army
7
N/A
notes

January 1, 1919[b]
Mare Island – USMC
0
Great Lakes – US Navy
17
N/A
notes

January 1, 1920
Oregon
6
Harvard
7
30,000
notes

January 1, 1921
California
28
Ohio State
0
42,000
notes

January 2, 1922
California
0
Washington & Jefferson
0
40,000
notes

January 1, 1923
USC
14
Penn State
3
43,000
notes

January 1, 1924
Washington
14
Navy
14
40,000
notes

January 1, 1925
Stanford
10
Notre Dame
27
53,000
notes

January 1, 1926
Washington
19
Alabama
20
50,000
notes

January 1, 1927
Stanford
7
Alabama
7
57,417
notes

January 2, 1928
Stanford
7
Pittsburgh
6
65,000
notes

January 1, 1929
California
7
Georgia Tech
8
66,604
notes

January 1, 1930
USC
47
Pittsburgh
14
72,000
notes

January 1, 1931
Washington State
0
Alabama
24
60,000
notes

January 1, 1932
USC
21
Tulane
12
75,562
notes

January 2, 1933
USC
35
Pittsburgh
0
78,874
notes

January 1, 1934
Stanford
0
Columbia
7
35,000
notes

January 1, 1935
Stanford
13
Alabama
29
84,474
notes

January 1, 1936
Stanford
7
SMU
0
84,474
notes

January 1, 1937
#5 Washington
0
#3 Pittsburgh
21
87,196
notes

January 1, 1938
#2 California
13
#4 Alabama
0
90,000
notes

January 2, 1939
#7 USC
7
#3 Duke
3
89,452
notes

January 1, 1940
#3 USC
14
#2 Tennessee
0
92,200
notes

January 1, 1941
#2 Stanford
21
#7 Nebraska
13
91,500
notes

January 1, 1942
#12 Oregon State
20
#2 Duke
16
56,000[a]
notes

January 1, 1943
#13 UCLA
0
#2 Georgia
9
93,000
notes

January 1, 1944
USC
29
#12 Washington
0
68,000
notes

January 1, 1945
#7 USC
25
#12 Tennessee
0
91,000
notes

January 1, 1946
#11 USC
14
#2 Alabama
34
93,000
notes

January 1, 1947
#4 UCLA
14
#5 Illinois
45
90,000
notes

January 1, 1948
#8 USC
0
#2 Michigan
49
93,000
notes

January 1, 1949
#4 California
14
#7 Northwestern
20
93,000
notes

January 2, 1950
#3 California
14
#6 Ohio State
17
100,963
notes

January 1, 1951
#5 California
6
#9 Michigan
14
98,939
notes

January 1, 1952
#7 Stanford
7
#4 Illinois
40
96,825
notes

January 1, 1953
#5 USC
7
#11 Wisconsin
0
101,500
notes

January 1, 1954
#5 UCLA
20
#3 Michigan State
28
101,000
notes

January 1, 1955
#17 USC
7
#1 Ohio State
20
89,191
notes

January 2, 1956
#4 UCLA
14
#2 Michigan State
17
100,809
notes

January 1, 1957
#10 Oregon State
19
#3 Iowa
35
97,126
notes

January 1, 1958
Oregon
7
#2 Ohio State
10
98,202
notes

January 1, 1959
#16 California
12
#2 Iowa
38
98,297
notes

January 1, 1960
#8 Washington
44
#6 Wisconsin
8
100,809
notes

January 2, 1961
#6 Washington
17
#1 Minnesota
7
97,314
notes

January 1, 1962
#16 UCLA
3
#6 Minnesota
21
98,214
notes

January 1, 1963
#1 USC
42
#2 Wisconsin
37
98,698
notes

January 1, 1964
Washington
7
#3 Illinois
17
96,957
notes

January 1, 1965
#8 Oregon State
7
#4 Michigan
34
100,423
notes

January 1, 1966
#5 UCLA
14
#1 Michigan State
12
100,087
notes

January 2, 1967
USC
13
#7 Purdue
14
100,807
notes

January 1, 1968
#1 USC
14
#4 Indiana
3
102,946
notes

January 1, 1969
#2 USC
16
#1 Ohio State
27
102,063
notes

January 1, 1970
#5 USC
10
#7 Michigan
3
103,878
notes

January 1, 1971
#12 Stanford
27
#2 Ohio State
17
103,839
notes

January 1, 1972
#16 Stanford
13
#4 Michigan
12
103,154
notes

January 1, 1973
#1 USC
42
#3 Ohio State
17
106,869
notes

January 1, 1974
#7 USC
21
#4 Ohio State
42
105,267
notes

January 1, 1975
#5 USC
18
#3 Ohio State
17
106,721
notes

January 1, 1976
#11 UCLA
23
#1 Ohio State
10
105,464
notes

January 1, 1977
#3 USC
14
#2 Michigan
6
106,182
notes

January 2, 1978
#13 Washington
27
#4 Michigan
20
105,312
notes

January 1, 1979
#3 USC
17
#5 Michigan
10
105,629
notes

January 1, 1980
#3 USC
17
#1 Ohio State
16
105,526
notes

January 1, 1981
#16 Washington
6
#5 Michigan
23
104,863
notes

January 1, 1982
#12 Washington
28
#13 Iowa
0
105,611
notes

January 1, 1983
#5 UCLA
24
#19 Michigan
14
104,991
notes

January 2, 1984
UCLA
45
#4 Illinois
9
103,217
notes

January 1, 1985
#18 USC
20
#6 Ohio State
17
102,594
notes

January 1, 1986
#13 UCLA
45
#4 Iowa
28
103,292
notes

January 1, 1987
#7 Arizona State
22
#4 Michigan
15
103,168
notes

January 1, 1988
#16 USC
17
#8 Michigan State
20
103,847
notes

January 2, 1989
#5 USC
14
#11 Michigan
22
101,688
notes

January 1, 1990
#12 USC
17
#3 Michigan
10
103,450
notes

January 1, 1991
#8 Washington
46
#17 Iowa
34
101,273
notes

January 1, 1992
#2 Washington
34
#4 Michigan
14
103,566
notes

January 1, 1993
#9 Washington
31
#7 Michigan
38
94,236
notes

January 1, 1994
#14 UCLA
16
#9 Wisconsin
21
101,237
notes

January 2, 1995
#12 Oregon
20
#2 Penn State
38
102,247
notes

January 1, 1996
#17 USC
41
#3 Northwestern
32
100,102
notes

January 1, 1997
#2 Arizona State
17
#4 Ohio State
20
100,635
notes

January 1, 1998
#8 Washington State
16
#1 Michigan
21
101,219
notes

January 1, 1999
#6 UCLA
31
#9 Wisconsin
38
93,872
notes

January 1, 2000
#22 Stanford
9
#4 Wisconsin
17
93,731
notes

January 1, 2001
#4 Washington
34
#14 Purdue
24
94,392
notes

January 3, 2002[c]
#4 Nebraska
14
#1 Miami (FL)
37
93,781
notes

January 1, 2003
#7 Washington State
14
#8 Oklahoma
34
86,848
notes

January 1, 2004
#1 USC
28
#4 Michigan
14
93,849
notes

January 1, 2005
#6 Texas
38
#13 Michigan
37
93,468
notes

January 4, 2006[c]
#1 USC
38
#2 Texas
41
93,986
notes

January 1, 2007
#8 USC
32
#3 Michigan
18
93,852
notes

January 1, 2008
#6 USC
49
#13 Illinois
17
93,923
notes

January 1, 2009
#5 USC
38
#6 Penn State
24
93,293
notes

January 1, 2010
#7 Oregon
17
#8 Ohio State
26
93,963
notes

January 1, 2011
#3 TCU
21
#4 Wisconsin
19
94,118
notes

January 2, 2012
#6 Oregon
45
#9 Wisconsin
38
91,245
notes

January 1, 2013
#8 Stanford
20
Wisconsin
14
93,359
notes

January 1, 2014
#5 Stanford
20
#4 Michigan State
24
95,173
notes

January 1, 2015[d]
#3 Oregon
59
#2 Florida State
20
91,322
notes

January 1, 2016
#5 Stanford
45
#6 Iowa
16
94,268
notes

January 2, 2017
#9 USC
52
#5 Penn State
49
95,128
notes

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c The 1942 game was played in Duke Stadium in Durham, North Carolina, due to a restriction on crowds allowed on the West Coast after Pearl Harbor
^ Jump up to: a b During World War I, military teams played
^ Jump up to: a b Denotes BCS National Championship Game
Jump up ^ Denotes College Football Playoff semifinal game

text: Frequent participants[edit]

text:
“
If there are any Big Ten teams that shoot for a national championship, they're damn fools...You play to win the Big Ten championship, and if you win it and go to the Rose Bowl and win it, then you've had a great season.
”

— Bo Schembechler of Michigan, July 1989[43]

text: USC has played the most times in the Rose Bowl, with 34 appearances, followed by Michigan (20), Stanford (15), Ohio State and Washington (14 each), and UCLA (12). Alabama, 4–1–1 in Rose Bowls, has made the most appearances of any team outside the Pac-12 and Big Ten conferences. Pittsburgh appeared four times in a nine-year period, from 1927 to 1936. Among Pac-8/10/12 and Big Ten schools, the record for longest drought since a team's last Rose Bowl appearance is held by California (1959), followed by Minnesota (1962), Oregon State (1965), and Indiana (1968).

text: USC has also won the most Rose Bowls (25), followed by Michigan (8); Washington, Ohio State, and Stanford (7 each); and UCLA (5). Michigan has lost the most (12), followed by USC (9), Ohio State, UCLA and Stanford (7 each), Washington and Wisconsin (6 each). Among Pac-8/10/12 and Big Ten schools who have played in at least one Rose Bowl, the record for the longest period since a win is held jointly by Indiana and Nebraska, who have never won, followed by Washington State (1916), Cal (1939), Oregon State (1942), Northwestern (1949), and Iowa (1959). As of 2016, head coaches Howard Jones (5–0) and John Robinson (4–0) lead the list of undefeated Rose Bowl records.[44]

text: The most frequent Rose Bowl matchup is USC–Michigan, occurring for the eighth time in 2007, with USC holding a 6–2 advantage (including rare meetings outside the Rose Bowl, USC leads this series 6–4). The next most frequent matchup is USC–Ohio State, occurring for the seventh time in 1985, with USC holding a 4–3 advantage.

text: From the 1946 season (1947 Rose Bowl), when the Big Ten-Rose Bowl agreement began, through the 1971 season (1972 Rose Bowl), the Big Ten did not permit the same team to represent that Conference in the Rose Bowl in consecutive years. There was one exception: Minnesota played in the 1961 Rose Bowl and 1962 Rose Bowl games, as previously explained in the section on the conference agreements after the collapse of the Pacific Coast Conference.

text: Also of note, during this era Big Ten and Pac-8 teams could play only in the Rose Bowl; this restriction was not lifted until the 1975 season.

text: Archie Griffin of Ohio State and Brian Cushing of USC are the only players to ever start in four Rose Bowl games. Legendary coach Woody Hayes led Ohio State to the Rose Bowl from 1973 to 1976, while USC head coach Pete Carroll led the Trojans to the Rose Bowl from 2006 to 2009.

text: Current members of the Pac-12 or the Big Ten to have not appeared in the Rose Bowl are Arizona (who joined the then-Pac-10 in 1978), Colorado and Utah (who both joined the Pac-12 in 2011), and Maryland and Rutgers (who both joined the Big Ten in 2014), though California appeared in the Rose Bowl only as a member of a predecessor league to the Pac-12.[45] Similar to Cal, Nebraska played in the 1941 and 2002 games, but was not a member of the Big Ten Conference at these times. The Idaho and Montana, who were members of the Pacific Coast Conference from 1922 until 1958 and 1950 respectively, never finished near the top in the PCC football standings. Former Big Ten member Chicago withdrew from the league prior to the bowl arrangement being set. Relatively new Pac-12 members Colorado and Utah have yet to appear in one, having joined the Pac-12 on July 1, 2011. The most recent additions to the Big Ten, Maryland and Rutgers, have yet to appear in one, having joined the Big Ten on July 1, 2014.

text: USC has played the most Big Ten schools in the Rose Bowl. As of 2016, the only opponents remaining for the Trojans are Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, and the two newest Big Ten schools that have yet to appear in the Rose Bowl: Maryland and Rutgers. Michigan has played the most schools in the Pac-12 in the Rose Bowl. The remaining opponents for the Wolverines are Oregon and the three Pac-12 schools that have yet to appear in the Rose Bowl: Arizona, Utah, and Colorado.

text: The Rose Bowl was exclusively a Big Ten-Pac-10 affair for 52 years, from 1946 (1947 Rose Bowl) through 1997 (1998 Rose Bowl). While the Big Ten dominated the game in the late 1940s and 1950s, and the Pac-10 dominated during the 1970s and early 1980s, over the entire 52-year span, each conference won 26 games.

text: The BCS era covered sixteen games, starting with the 1999 (85th) Rose Bowl to the 2014 (100th) Rose Bowl. Of the eleven games featuring a Big Ten-Pac-12 matchup, the Pac-12 leads in wins, 7-4. However, the 2007 (93rd) Rose Bowl and 2008 (94th) Rose Bowl, each Big Ten losses to the Pac-12, actually featured the Big Ten runner-up, as conference champion Ohio State was selected to play each of those years in the BCS National Championship Game.

text: The 2002 and 2006 Rose Bowls represented the National Championship game. In 2002, there was neither a Big Ten or Pac-10 school, as Oregon was in the Fiesta Bowl while Illinois was in the Sugar Bowl. In 2006, top-ranked USC represented the Pac-10 in the National Championship Game in the Rose Bowl against second-ranked Texas from the Big 12 Conference. Third-ranked Penn State, the Big Ten Champion, played in the Orange Bowl while fourth-ranked Ohio State played in the Fiesta Bowl that year.

text: The other two non-Big Ten vs. Pac-10 matchups in the BCS era involved Big 12 Conference teams: Oklahoma in the 2003 (89th) Rose Bowl and Texas in the 2005 (91st) Rose Bowl.

text: The 2011 Rose Bowl Game marked the sole time during the BCS era that a school from a non-BCS conference played in the game (as Oregon, the Pacific-10 champion, was selected to play in the BCS National Championship Game). TCU, led by Quarterback Andy Dalton, beat Wisconsin 21–19.

text: Game arrangements[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Beginning with the 1947 Rose Bowl, the Pacific Coast representative was the home team, and the Big Nine representative was the visitor. This arrangement would alternate each year. The stadium seating started with the Big Nine representatives in the end zone, but eventually was set with the Big Ten fans and team on the West (press box) side, and Pacific-10 fans and team on the East side. The home team wears their darkest home jerseys, and the visiting team wears the white visiting jerseys. There have been exceptions to the uniform arrangement: UCLA wore their home jerseys, light blue, in the 1962, 1966, and 1976 Rose Bowl games, with the Big Ten opponent also wearing their home uniforms.

text: From 1947 through 2001, the Big Ten team was the home team in odd-numbered years, and the Pac-10 team was the home team in even-numbered years. In 2003, Washington State was the home team, as a non-Big Ten or Pac-10 school (Oklahoma of the Big 12) was the opponent; the same applied in 2005, when Michigan played another Big 12 school, Texas.

text: Beginning with the 2002 Rose Bowl, Nebraska was home, with team and fans on the East sideline. From 2006 through 2013, the home team has been the team with the highest BCS season ending ranking. For the 2005 Rose Bowl, the Michigan team was on the East sideline; Texas was the visiting team and was on the West sideline. For the 2006 Rose Bowl, USC was the home team and Texas was the visiting team on the West sideline. Traditionally, the Big Ten (or its BCS replacement) is on the West side (press box) and the Pac-12 team is on the East side.

text: During the BCS era, the institution with the higher BCS ranking performed the national anthem, and performed first at halftime. With the exception of BCS championship years, the National Anthem was performed by the band. In BCS Championship years, a performer was invited to sing the Anthem, the last being LeAnn Rimes in 2006. The Rose Bowl does not have other performers during the halftime show besides the school marching bands. As part of the television contract, a portion of each band's halftime performance is shown on television. Each school and each conference are allocated television spots to advertise. For the 100th game on January 1, 2014, Merry Clayton, Lisa Fischer, Judith Hill and Darlene Love sang the national anthem. This was the first time in Rose Bowl history that the anthem was performed by singers rather than by a marching band.[46] Today, the institution with the higher ranking by the CFP selection committee performs the national anthem and performs first at halftime.

text: Appearances and win–loss records[edit]

text:
Big Ten and Pac-12 teams

Team
Appearances
Won
Lost
Tied
Latest

USC
34
25
9

2017

Michigan
20
8
12

2007

Stanford^
15
7
7
1
2016

Washington
14
7
6
1
2001

Ohio State
14
7
7

2010

UCLA
12
5
7

1999

Wisconsin
9
3
6

2013

California
8
2
5
1
1959

Oregon
7
3
4

2015

Iowa
6
2
4

2016

Michigan State
5
4
1

2014

Illinois
5
3
2

2008

Washington State^
4
1
3

2003

Penn State*
4
1
3

2017

Oregon State
3
1
2

1965

Arizona State
2
1
1

1997

Minnesota
2
1
1

1962

Northwestern
2
1
1

1996

Purdue
2
1
1

2001

Nebraska†
2
0
2

2002

Indiana
1
0
1

1968

Big Ten Conference
69
31
38
0
2017

Pac-12 Conference
96
50
43
3
2017

Other teams

Team
Appearances
Won
Lost
Tied
Latest

Alabama‡
6
4
1
1
1946

Pittsburgh
4
1
3

1937

Texas
2
2
0

2006

Duke
2
0
2

1942

Tennessee‡
2
0
2

1945

Columbia
1
1
0

1934

Georgia‡
1
1
0

1943

Georgia Tech‡
1
1
0

1929

Harvard
1
1
0

1920

Miami (FL)
1
1
0

2002

Notre Dame
1
1
0

1925

Oklahoma
1
1
0

2003

TCU
1
1
0

2011

Navy
1
0
0
1
1924

Washington & Jefferson
1
0
0
1
1922

Brown
1
0
1

1916

Florida State
1
0
1

2015

Penn
1
0
1

1917

SMU
1
0
1

1936

Tulane‡
1
0
1

1932

text: ^ The Pacific Coast Conference, predecessor to the Pac-12 Conference, had their first football season in 1916, so Washington State's appearance in 1916 for the 1915 season and Stanford's appearance in 1902 for the 1901 season do not count toward the conference's total.

text: * Penn State was not a member of the Big Ten at the time of their 1923 Rose Bowl appearance, so Penn State's appearance in 1923 for the 1922 season does not count toward the Big Ten's conference's total

text: † Nebraska was not a member of the Big Ten at the time of either of their appearances. Therefore, as of 2017, they have not represented the Big Ten in the Rose Bowl.

text: ‡ The Southeastern Conference has one current member and two former members who made additional appearances in the Rose Bowl while those schools were not members of the SEC. Alabama made additional appearances in 1926, 1927, and 1931 before becoming a charter member of the SEC in 1932. Another SEC charter member, Georgia Tech, made an appearance in 1929, and left the SEC in 1964. Tulane, also a charter member, made an appearance in 1932, prior to the SEC's establishment in December of that year. Tulane left the SEC in 1966.

text: Rose Bowl Most Valuable Player Award[edit]

text: The most valuable player in the Rose Bowl game is given a crystal trophy that is the Rose Bowl Most Valuable Player Award.[47][48] The award was created in 1953 and awarded retroactively for players all the way back to the 1902 Rose Bowl. Occasionally, the award has been shared by two players. Beginning with the 2005 Rose Bowl Game, the Rose Bowl MVP Award has been given to both an offensive and defensive player.[49] Four players have been named the MVP of more than one Rose Bowl: Bob Schloredt, Washington (1960, 1961), Charles White, USC (1979, 1980), Ron Dayne, Wisconsin (1999, 2000), and Vince Young, Texas (2005, 2006).

text:
Year played
MVP
Team
Position

1902
Neil Snow
Michigan
FB

1916
William Henry Dietz
Washington State
FB

1917
John Beckett
Oregon
T

1918
Hollis Huntington
Mare Island
FB

1919
George Halas
Great Lakes
E

1920
Edward Casey
Harvard
HB

1921
Harold Muller
California
E

1922
Russell Stein
Washington & Jefferson
T

1923
Leo Calland
USC
G

1924
Ira McKee
Navy
QB

1925
Elmer Layden
Notre Dame
FB

Ernie Nevers
Stanford
FB

1926
Johnny Mack Brown
Alabama
HB

George "Wildcat" Wilson
Washington
HB

1927
Fred Pickhard
Alabama
T

1928
Clifford "Biff" Hoffman
Stanford
FB

1929
Benjamin Lom
California
HB

1930
Russell Saunders
USC
QB

1931
John "Monk" Campbell
Alabama
QB

1932
Erny Pinckert
USC
HB

1933
Homer Griffith
USC
QB

1934
Cliff Montgomery
Columbia
QB

1935
Millard "Dixie" Howell
Alabama
HB

1936
James "Monk" Moscrip
Stanford
E

Keith Topping
Stanford
E

1937
Bill Daddio
Pittsburgh
E

1938
Victor Bottari
California
HB

1939
Doyle Nave
USC
QB

Al Krueger
USC
E

1940
Ambrose Schindler
USC
QB

1941
Peter Kmetovic
Stanford
HB

1942
Donald Durdan
Oregon State
HB

1943
Charles Trippi
Georgia
HB

1944
Norman Verry
USC
G

1945
Jim Hardy
USC
QB

1946
Harry Gilmer
Alabama
HB

1947
Claude "Buddy" Young
Illinois
HB

Julius Rykovich
Illinois
HB

1948
Bob Chappuis
Michigan
HB

1949
Frank Aschenbrenner
Northwestern
HB

1950
Fred "Curly" Morrison
Ohio State
FB

1951
Don Dufek
Michigan
FB

1952
William Tate
Illinois
HB

1953
Rudy Bukich
USC
QB

1954
Billy Wells
Michigan State
HB

1955
Dave Leggett
Ohio State
QB

1956
Walter Kowalczyk
Michigan State
HB

1957
Kenneth Ploen
Iowa
QB

1958
Jack Crabtree
Oregon
QB

1959
Bob Jeter
Iowa
HB

1960
Bob Schloredt
Washington
QB

George Fleming
Washington
HB

1961
Bob Schloredt
Washington
QB

1962
Sandy Stephens
Minnesota
QB

1963
Pete Beathard
USC
QB

Ron Vander Kelen
Wisconsin
QB

1964
Jim Grabowski
Illinois
FB

1965
Mel Anthony
Michigan
FB

1966
Bob Stiles
UCLA
DB

1967
John Charles
Purdue
DB

1968
O.J. Simpson
USC
TB

1969
Rex Kern
Ohio State
QB

1970
Bob Chandler
USC
FL

1971
Jim Plunkett
Stanford
QB

1972
Don Bunce
Stanford
QB

1973
Sam Cunningham
USC
FB

1974
Cornelius Greene
Ohio State
QB

1975
Pat Haden
USC
QB

John McKay, Jr.
USC
SE

1976
John Sciarra
UCLA
QB

1977
Vince Evans
USC
QB

1978
Warren Moon
Washington
QB

1979
Charles White
USC
TB

Rick Leach
Michigan
QB

1980
Charles White
USC
TB

1981
Butch Woolfolk
Michigan
RB

1982
Jacque Robinson
Washington
RB

1983
Don Rogers
UCLA
FS

Tom Ramsey
UCLA
QB

1984
Rick Neuheisel
UCLA
QB

1985
Tim Green
USC
QB

Jack Del Rio
USC
LB

1986
Eric Ball
UCLA
TB

1987
Jeff Van Raaphorst
Arizona State
QB

1988
Percy Snow
Michigan State
LB

1989
Leroy Hoard
Michigan
FB

1990
Ricky Ervins
USC
TB

1991
Mark Brunell
Washington
QB

1992
Steve Emtman
Washington
DT

Billy Joe Hobert
Washington
QB

1993
Tyrone Wheatley
Michigan
RB

1994
Brent Moss
Wisconsin
RB

1995
Danny O'Neil
Oregon
QB

Ki-Jana Carter
Penn State
RB

1996
Keyshawn Johnson
USC
WR

1997
Joe Germaine
Ohio State
QB

1998
Brian Griese
Michigan
QB

1999
Ron Dayne
Wisconsin
RB

2000
Ron Dayne
Wisconsin
RB

2001
Marques Tuiasosopo
Washington
QB

2002
Ken Dorsey
Miami
QB

Andre Johnson
Miami
WR

2003
Nate Hybl
Oklahoma
QB

2004
Matt Leinart
USC
QB

2005
Vince Young
Texas
QB

LaMarr Woodley
Michigan
LB

2006
Vince Young
Texas
QB

Michael Huff
Texas
S

2007
Dwayne Jarrett
USC
WR

Brian Cushing
USC
OLB

2008
John David Booty
USC
QB

Rey Maualuga
USC
LB

2009
Mark Sanchez
USC
QB

Kaluka Maiava
USC
LB

2010
Terrelle Pryor
Ohio State
QB

Kenny Rowe
Oregon
DE

2011
Andy Dalton
TCU
QB

Tank Carder
TCU
LB

2012
Lavasier Tuinei
Oregon
WR

Kiko Alonso
Oregon
LB

2013
Stepfan Taylor
Stanford
RB

Usua Amanam
Stanford
DB

2014
Connor Cook
Michigan State
QB

Kyler Elsworth
Michigan State
LB

2015
Marcus Mariota
Oregon
QB

Tony Washington
Oregon
LB

2016
Christian McCaffrey
Stanford
RB

Aziz Shittu
Stanford
DE

2017
Sam Darnold
USC
QB

Stevie Tu’ikolovatu
USC
DT

text: Game records[edit]

text:
Team
Performance vs. opponent
Year

Most points scored
59, Oregon vs. Florida State
2015

Most points scored (losing team)
49, Penn State
2017

Most points scored in regulation (both teams)
101, USC vs. Penn State
2017

Most points scored in a half
41 (second half), Oregon vs. Florida State
2015

Most points scored in a half (both teams)
56 (first half), Oregon vs. Wisconsin
2012

Fewest points allowed
0, Washington vs. Iowa (tied with 17 others)
1982

First downs
33, USC vs Penn State
2017

Rushing yards
503, Michigan vs. Stanford
1902

Passing yards
456, Oregon vs. Penn State
1995

Total yards
639, Oregon vs. Florida State
2015

Individual
Performance, team vs. opponent
Year

Total offense
473, Sam Darnold, USC vs Penn State
2017

Touchdowns
5, Sam Darnold, USC vs Penn State
2017

Rushing yards
247, Charles White, USC vs. Ohio State (39 attempts, 1 TD)
1980

Rushing TDs
5, Neil Snow, Michigan vs. Stanford
1902

Passing yards
456, Danny O'Neil, Oregon vs. Penn State (41-61-2, 2 TD)
1995

Tackles
17, John Boyett, Oregon vs. Wisconsin (tied with 1 other)
2012

Sacks
3, Kenny Rowe, Oregon vs. Ohio State (tied with 3 others)
2010

Interceptions
3, Bill Paulman, Stanford vs. SMU (tied with 1 other)
1936

Long plays
Performance, team vs. opponent
Year

Touchdown run
91, De'Anthony Thomas, Oregon vs. Wisconsin
2012

Touchdown pass
76, Rick Leach to Curt Stephenson, Michigan vs. Washington
1978

Kickoff return
103, Al Hoisch, UCLA vs. Illinois (TD)
1947

Punt return
86, Aramis Dandoy, USC vs. Ohio State (TD)
1955

Interception return
78, Elmer Layden, Notre Dame vs. Stanford (TD)
1925

Fumble return
58, Tony Washington, Oregon vs. Florida State (TD)
2015

Punt
73, Don Bracken, Michigan vs. Washington
1981

Field goal
52, Rob Houghtlin, Iowa vs. UCLA
1986

text: Note: When there is a tie, the most recent one will be listed.

text: Top-ranked teams[edit]

text: This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, which poll(s) are being used. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: No. 1–ranked teams[edit]

text:
1954 Season/1955 Game: No. 1 Ohio State defeated No. 17 USC, 20–7
1960 Season/1961 Game: No. 6 Washington defeated No. 1 Minnesota, 17–7
1962 Season/1963 Game: No. 1 USC defeated No. 2 Wisconsin, 42–37
1965 Season/1966 Game: No. 5 UCLA defeated No. 1 Michigan State, 14–12
1968 Season/1969 Game: No. 1 Ohio State defeated No. 2 USC, 27–16
1972 Season/1973 Game: No. 1 USC defeated No. 3 Ohio State, 42-17
1975 Season/1976 Game: No. 11 UCLA defeated No. 1 Ohio State, 23-10
1979 Season/1980 Game: No. 3 USC defeated No. 1 Ohio State, 17–16
1997 Season/1998 Game: No. 1 Michigan defeated No. 8 Washington State, 21–16
2001 Season/2002 BCS National Championship Game: No. 1 Miami defeated No. 4 Nebraska, 37–14
2003 Season/2004 Game: No. 1 USC defeated No. 4 Michigan, 28–14
2005 Season/2006 BCS National Championship Game: No. 2 Texas defeated No. 1 USC, 41–38

text: No. 1 vs. No. 2 teams[edit]

text:
1962 Season/1963 Game: No. 1 USC defeated No. 2 Wisconsin, 42–37.
1968 Season/1969 Game: No. 1 Ohio State defeated No. 2 USC, 27–16. Ohio State was voted national champion.
2005 Season/2006 BCS National Championship Game: No. 2 Texas defeated No. 1 USC, 41–38. Texas was voted national champion.

text: Twice in a season[edit]

text: Five times in Rose Bowl Game history, the two participants had played during the regular season. In three of those instances, the same team won both the regular season game and the Rose Bowl Game. UCLA won three of those five Rose Bowl games, including both instances in which a different team lost the regular season game but won the Rose Bowl Game.

text:
1956 Iowa 14, Oregon State 13; 1957 Rose Bowl Rematch: Iowa 35, Oregon State 19
1965 Michigan State 13, UCLA 3; 1966 Rose Bowl Rematch: UCLA 14, Michigan State 12
1975 Ohio State 41, UCLA 20; 1976 Rose Bowl Rematch: UCLA 23, Ohio State 10
1982 UCLA 31, Michigan 27; 1983 Rose Bowl Rematch: UCLA 24, Michigan 14
1987 Michigan State 27, USC 13; 1988 Rose Bowl Rematch: Michigan State 20, USC 17

text: Rose Bowl Hall of Fame[edit]

text: Inductees (by year):

text:
1989 – C.W. "Bump" Elliott, Michigan; W.W. "Woody" Hayes, Ohio State; Howard Jones, USC; Jim Plunkett, Stanford
1990 – Archie Griffin, Ohio State; Bob Reynolds, Stanford; Neil Snow, Michigan; Wallace Wade, Brown, Alabama, & Duke; Charles White, USC
1991 – Rex Kern, Ohio State; John McKay, USC; Ernie Nevers, Stanford; Roy Riegels, California; Bob Schloredt, Washington; John Sciarra, UCLA; Russell Stein, Washington & Jefferson; Charley Trippi, Georgia; Ron Vander Kelen, Wisconsin; George Wilson, Washington
1992 – Frank Albert, Stanford; Bob Chappuis, Michigan; Sam Cunningham, USC; Bill Daddio, Pittsburgh; Bob Griese, Purdue; Hollis Huntington, Oregon & Mare Island Marines; Shy Huntington, Oregon; Elmer Layden, Notre Dame; Jim Owens, Washington
1993 – Frank Aschenbrenner, Northwestern; Dixie Howell, Alabama; Don Hutson, Alabama; Curly Morrison, Ohio State; Brick Muller, California; Julius Rykovich, Illinois; Bo Schembechler, Michigan; O.J. Simpson, USC; Bob Stiles, UCLA; Buddy Young, Illinois
1994 – Vic Bottari, California; Jim Hardy, USC; Don James, Washington; Bob Jeter, Iowa; Lay Leishman, Tournament of Roses; Pat Richter, Wisconsin; Russell Sanders, USC
1995 – Gary Beban, UCLA; Dick Butkus, Illinois; Harry Gilmer, Alabama; Pat Haden, USC; Al Krueger, USC; Doyle Nave, USC; Ted Shipkey, Stanford
1996 – Eric Ball, UCLA; Pete Beathard, USC; John Ferraro, USC; Stan Hahn, Tournament of Roses; John Ralston, Stanford; Bill Tate, Illinois
1997 – Terry Donahue, UCLA; Jim Grabowski, Illinois; Warren Moon, Washington; Erny Pinckert, USC; Ken Ploen, Iowa; Sandy Stephens, Minnesota
1998 – Jack Crabtree, Oregon; Don Durdan, Oregon State; J.K. McKay, USC; Rick Neuheisel, UCLA; Bill Nicholas, Tournament of Roses; Butch Woolfolk, Michigan
1999 – Al Hoisch, UCLA; Keith Jackson, ABC Sports; Dave Kaiser, Michigan State
2000 – Johnny Mack Brown, Alabama; Marv Goux, USC
2001 – No inductees
2002 – Ambrose "Amblin' Amby" Schindler, USC; Mel Anthony, Michigan
2003 – Harriman Cronk, Tournament of Roses; Danny O'Neil, Oregon; John Robinson, USC
2004 – Alan Ameche, Wisconsin; Rudy Bukich, USC; Wayne Duke, Big Ten; Jim Stivers, Tournament of Roses
2005 – Richard N. Frank, Lawry’s Restaurants (Beef Bowl); Curt Gowdy, Sports Broadcaster
2006 – Steve Emtman, Washington; Rube Samuelsen, Sports Journalist; Jeff Van Raaphorst, Arizona State
2007 – Pete Johnson, Ohio State; Tom Ramsey, UCLA; Dennis Swanson, Television Executive
2008 – Keyshawn Johnson, USC; Virgil "Virg" Lubberden, USC (administrator); Chuck Ortmann, Michigan
2009 – Barry Alvarez, Wisconsin; Tom Hansen, Pacific-10 Conference; John Hicks, Ohio State
2010 – Brad Budde, USC; Hayden Fry, Iowa; Leroy Keyes, Purdue
2011 – Ron Dayne, Wisconsin; Dick Enberg, NBC; George Fleming, Washington
2012 – John Cooper, Arizona State and Ohio State; Brian Griese, Michigan; and Ron Yary, USC
2013 – Lloyd Carr, Michigan; Orlando Pace, Ohio State; Lynn Swann, USC
2014 – Knute Rockne, Notre Dame; Dick Vermeil, UCLA and Ki-Jana Carter, Penn State[50]
2015 – Mark Brunell, Washington; Jim Muldoon (Pac-10); Fritz Pollard, Brown; and Tyrone Wheatley, Michigan[51]
2016 – Bobby Bell, Minnesota; Ricky Ervins, USC; Tommy Prothro, UCLA and Art Spander, UCLA[52]
2017 – Mack Brown, Texas; Cade McNown, UCLA; Charles Woodson, Michigan; and Dr. Charles West, Washington & Jefferson

text: All-Century Class[edit]

text: The Rose Bowl Game All-Century Class was announced by Rose Bowl Hall of Fame member Keith Jackson, on Sunday, December 8, 2013 at 4:00 p.m. at Tournament House.

text: They are:

text:
1900s–1910s: George Halas (Great Lakes Navy)
1920s: Ernie Nevers (Stanford)
1930s: Don Hutson (Alabama) and Howard Jones (USC)
1940s: Charley Trippi (Georgia)
1950s: Woody Hayes (Ohio State)
1960s: John McKay (USC)
1970s: Archie Griffin (Ohio State)
1980s: Bo Schembechler (Michigan)
1990s: Ron Dayne (Wisconsin)
2000s: Vince Young (Texas)
2010s: Montee Ball (Wisconsin)

text: In addition to being named as All-Century representatives for their respective decades, John McKay and Archie Griffin were named the 100th Rose Bowl Game All-Century Coach and Player respectively. Griffin and McKay (represented by his son John McKay, Jr.) will participate in the 2014 Rose Parade.

text: The finalists:

text:
1900–1919: Paddy Driscoll (Great Lakes Navy, 1919), Neil Snow (Michigan, 1902) and George Halas (Great Lakes Navy, 1919)
1920–1929: Ernie Nevers (Stanford, 1925), Elmer Layden (Notre Dame, 1925) and Johnny Mack Brown (Alabama, 1926)
1930–1939: Millard "Dixie" Howell (Alabama, 1935), Don Hutson (Alabama, 1935) and Howard Jones (USC, 1930, 1932–33, 1939–40)
1940–1949: Bob Chappuis (Michigan, 1948), Harry Gilmer (Alabama, 1946) and Charley Trippi (Georgia, 1943)
1950–1959: Alan Ameche (Wisconsin, 1953), Bob Jeter (Iowa, 1959) and Woody Hayes (Ohio State, 1954, 1957, 1968, 1970, 1972–1975)
1960–1969: Ron Vander Kelen (Wisconsin, 1963), O.J. Simpson (USC, 1968-69) and John McKay (USC, 1963, 1967–70, 1973–1975)
1970–1979: Jim Plunkett (Stanford, 1971), Charles White (USC, 1979–1980) and Archie Griffin (Ohio State, 1973–1976)
1980–1989: Don James (Washington, 1978, 1981–82, 1991–93), John Robinson (USC, 1977, 1979–80, 1996) and Bo Schembechler (Michigan, 1970, 1972, 1977–79, 1981, 1983, 1987, 1989–90)
1990–1999: Barry Alvarez (Wisconsin, 1994, 1999, 2000 and 2013), Keyshawn Johnson (USC, 1996) and Ron Dayne (Wisconsin, 1999 and 2000)
2000–2009: Matt Leinart (USC, 2004 and 2006), Vince Young (Texas, 2005–06) and Brian Cushing (USC, 2006–09), John David Booty (USC 2006–07)
2010–2012: Terrelle Pryor (Ohio State, 2010), Tank Carder (TCU, 2011) and Montee Ball (Wisconsin, 2011–13)

text: Nominated by The Football Writers Association of America.[53]

text: Player and coach[edit]

text: Nine former players have come back to coach a team in the game (played and coached, as listed by the Tournament of Roses Association):[54]

text:
Bret Bielema: Iowa (1991); Wisconsin (2011, 2012)
Terry Donahue: UCLA (1966); UCLA (1983, 1984, 1986, 1994)
Bump Elliott: Michigan (1948); Michigan (1965)
Pete Elliott: Michigan (1948); California (1959); Illinois (1964)
Jess Hill: USC (1930); USC (1953, 1955)
Shy Huntington: Oregon (1917); Oregon (1920)
Rick Neuheisel: UCLA (1983, 1984 – MVP); Washington (2001)
John Robinson: Oregon (1958); USC (1977, 1979, 1980, 1996)
Chuck Taylor: Stanford (1941); Stanford (1952)

text: Coaches with two teams[edit]

text:
Hugo Bezdek: Oregon, 1917; Mare Island, 1918; Penn State, 1923 (three teams)
John Cooper: Arizona State, 1987; Ohio State, 1997 (Only coach to win the Rose Bowl Game with both a Big Ten and Pac-10 team)
Bill “Lone Star” Dietz: Washington State, 1916; Mare Island, 1919
Pete Elliott: California, 1959; Illinois, 1964
Robert Folwell: Pennsylvania, 1917; Navy 1924
Tommy Prothro: Oregon State, 1965; UCLA 1966
Wallace Wade: Alabama, 1926, 1927, 1931; Duke 1939, 1942

text: Related[edit]

text: Events[edit]

text:
Selection Sunday, December 6, 2015[55]
Lawry's Beef Bowl – December 27, 28, 2015
Hall of Fame ceremony, Pasadena Convention Center, December 30, 2015
Kickoff Luncheon, Rose Bowl, December 31, 2015
Rose Bowl Game Public Tailgate, January 1, 2016

text: Notes[edit]

text:
January 1, 1918 – Hugo Bezdek was the first college football coach to lead two separate schools (Oregon, 1917 and Mare Island, 1918) to victories; He also coached Penn State in a loss in the 1923 Rose Bowl
January 2, 1922 – First bowl game not played on New Year's Day
January 3, 2002 – First time hosting the BCS National Championship where Miami defeated Nebraska, 37-14, and the Rose Parade and the Rose Bowl Game were held on separate days

text: Books[edit]

text:
America's New Year Celebration. The Rose Parade & Rose Bowl Game. Albion Publishing Group, Santa Barbara, CA. 1999.
Samuelsen, Rube. The Rose Bowl Game. Doubleday Company and Inc. 1951.
Big Ten Conference football media guide. (PDF copy available at http://bigten.cstv.com.)
Pacific-10 Conference football media guide. (PDF copy available at http://www.pac-10.org.)
Malcolm, Moran, and Keith Jackson (foreword). The Rose Bowl: 100th: The History of the Granddaddy of Them All. Whitman Publishing, LLC, 06/01/2013. ISBN 9780794837938.


document_title: Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race

question_text: who won the first nascar all star race

question_tokens: who won the first nascar all star race

root

text: Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race

text: History[edit]

text: The first running of the race was held in 1985 at Charlotte Motor Speedway (formerly Lowe's Motor Speedway) and has been run there every year except in 1986 when it was run at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Michael Waltrip became the first driver to win the All-Star race after transferring in from a qualifying race in 1996. Until 2001, the rule restricted only champions of the past five All Star Challenge events, but in 2005, the rule became the winners in the past ten years of either the NASCAR Cup Series or the All-Star Race. For 2015, the full-time drivers who have won a NASCAR Cup Series or All-Star Race are now exempt, regardless of when they won the race.  The Showdown was restricted to the top 50 drivers in either the final standings of the previous year or current standings in the current year. From 2000 to 2002, and again starting in 2015, two qualifying races (the "Showdown" currently) are implemented.

tag: p

text: In 2004, Nextel, predecessor to Sprint, added a vote of race spectators, internet users and Sprint cellphone users to add one additional driver not in the field, but in the Showdown, and finishing on the lead lap, to the final starting field. Starting in 2008, the event's name featured the use of the edition of the race in Roman numerals, with the 2008 race's official name the "Sprint All-Star Race XXIV". Also, the fan entry driver was changed, with the new formula coming from those attending races up to that point, Sprint retail locations and double votes from Sprint subscribers. In 2014, the Showdown race was moved to the night preceding the All-Star Race.[1] To replace the event, Charlotte Motor Speedway president, Marcus Smith announced that qualifying for the All-Star Race will take place shortly before the main event.[1]

text: Format history[edit]

text: The twelve race winners from the 1984 season participated in the inaugural running of The Winston at Charlotte Motor Speedway. The race was 70 laps with one pit stop required. It was held the day before the Coca-Cola 600. A $10,000 bonus was paid to the leader of Lap 20 for leading that lap.  Terry Labonte won that bonus.

text: From its first year, the unique moniker "The Winston" was adopted by sponsor R. J. Reynolds. Rather than referring to the event as a traditional "All star" race, no generic reference was included in the title. Due to limitations on television tobacco advertising, other races which involved tobacco title sponsorship utilized generic names on network television. For example, on ABC, the Winston 500 was called the "Talladega 500" and the Marlboro 500 was called the "Michigan 500." Without a generic alternative, television and other media were forced to acknowledge Winston as the title sponsor, effectively skirting, and pushing the limits of tobacco advertising regulation.

text: The race moved to Atlanta International Raceway in 1986, with a 200 kilometer format of 83 laps (126.326 miles) on Mother's Day, a day typically avoided on the NASCAR calendar. Like its previous counterpart, green flag pit stops were mandatory, and only winners from the 1985 season were eligible. Only nine different drivers won a race in 1985, so the highest placed non-winner in final 1985 points, Geoffrey Bodine, was added to the field for an even 10 cars. A 100-lap (152.2 miles) consolation race for the rest of the drivers, the Atlanta Invitational was held the same day. It featured only thirteen participants, and was won by Benny Parsons. A lackluster crowd of only 18,500 attended the second edition of The Winston, with only twenty-three cars racing in the two races combined.

text: The race returned to Charlotte with a new 135-lap (202.5 mile), three-segment format which reflected on NASCAR's short-track roots. A new date was introduced, the weekend before the Coca-Cola 600, which gave teams a popular two weeks of festivities at what is generally considered most teams' home track. Live national television coverage on ABC would also be featured for the first of four years. This format consisted of a 75-lap first segment, with a mandatory green flag pit stop, a 50-lap second segment, and a 10-green flag lap final sprint. Each segment would be separated by a ten-minute break.

text: In addition to the race format, the method for choosing participants changed. The 20-driver field consisted of the past nineteen race winners, regardless of season. The remaining drivers would participate in a 100-lap, last-chance race, the Winston Open, with the winner advancing to the final starting position.

text: In 1989, qualifying for the starting lineup for The Winston changed to a three-lap time trial, with a two-tire pit stop in the middle.

text:
Segment 1: 75 Laps / Mandatory green-flag pit stop
Segment 2: 50 Laps
Segment 3: 10 Green Flag Laps (No caution laps count)

tag: ul

text: After a pair of controversial dashes in the past three years which infuriated fans, the race was cut to two segments of 50 and 20 laps to prevent some of the reckless driving, giving the race its 70-lap total distance which would be used until 2001.

text: The ten-minute break was installed between segments.

text: Two changes were made in qualification in 1991. First, automatic berths were given only to race-winning drivers and owners in 1990 and 1991 up until The Winston. Second, The Winston Open was reduced to 50 laps, with the winner automatically advancing to the Winston. To guarantee 20 cars in the Winston field, it would be filled out by the top finishers (e.g., 2nd, 3rd, etc.) in the Winston Open advancing to the main event until the field reached 20 cars.

text: ABC carried the race in 1990, with the Winston Open finish, and CBS carried both the Open and The Winston in 1991. In 1991, to add to the day of events, the NASCAR Legends Race was held on a quarter-mile oval paved between the Charlotte Motor Speedway quad-oval and pit area. Elmo Langley won the exhibition event featuring retired NASCAR champions and stars.

text:
Segment 1: 50 Laps
Segment 2: 20 Laps

text: The race was moved up one day to Saturday night, and it moved to live coverage on The Nashville Network (now Spike TV). The Winston revived the controversial 10-lap shootout, and The Winston Open went to a short 30-lap format. The 1992 race marked the first superspeedway race held under-the-lights, and resulted in a spectacular finish. Davey Allison and Kyle Petty battled on the last lap, and crashing crossing the finish line. Allison won the race, but spent the evening in the hospital rather than victory lane.

text: The 1994 was the only running won by a tire brand (Hoosier) other than Goodyear, as Geoff Bodine held off Sterling Marlin and Ken Schrader.  The event's second segment saw numerous crashes, notably when Ernie Irvan wrecked coming to the yellow to end the second segment.

text: The 1995 race featured Dale Earnhardt's trend-setting Special paint scheme car.

text: The field would be inverted after the first segment, and like the previous years, a 10-minute break would be featured between segments.

text: Former NASCAR Champions were automatically invited to the race, as were the past five years' winners of this race.

text: After Michael Waltrip's win by being the last car to transfer from The Winston Open, NASCAR changed the procedure by reverting to a format featuring the 1996 and 1997 race winning drivers and owners, and then adding the preceding year's race winning drivers not yet in the field until the field reached 19, and then the winner of The Winston Open. If the number added to the previous year reached over 19, then all drivers who won races that year would be in the field.

text:
Segment 1: 30 Laps / Full Inversion
Segment 2: 30 Laps
Segment 3: 10 Green Flag laps (No caution laps count)

text: The race remained at its 70 lap format, but for 1998, only green flag laps would count in any segment, not just the third segment.

text: The second ten-minute break was eliminated and replaced with caution laps, and cars would have the option of pitting for tires and fuel, at the expense of losing track position.

text: The inversion is changed to a random draw between 3 and 12 cars for the inversion after the first segment.

text: In 1998, qualifying for The Winston Open was changed. Previously it was accomplished with one-lap qualifying runs. From 1998 to 2000, the No Bull 25 Shootout twin races determined the lineups. Practice speeds (odd/even) from earlier in the day set the field for two 25-lap sprint races. The finish order for the first 25 set the odd positions for the Winston Open, and the finish order for the second 25 set the even positions for the Winston Open. In 2001, The Winston Open reverted to single-car qualifying, best of two laps.

text: In 2000–2002, immediately following The Winston Open, a 16-lap "No Bull 5 Sprint" last-chance race was added. The winner of the sprint race would also advance to The Winston.

text: In 2001, television coverage moved to FX as part of the new NASCAR television contract, and qualifying was changed so the pit stop took place at the start of the qualifying, and the stop was a four-tire change instead of two.

text: Starting in 2001, crew members were introduced together with drivers during the driver introduction ceremonies, with Fox broadcasters Chris Myers and Jeff Hammond interviewing selected persons during the ceremony.

text:
Segment 1: 30 Green Flag laps (no caution laps count)
Segment 2: 30 Green Flag laps (no caution laps count) / Pit stops optional (cars lose track position if they pit)
Segment 3: 10 Green Flag laps (no caution laps count)

text: The popularity of the reality show Survivor influenced Winston to make changes to the format in 2002, adding a new elimination format ("Survival of the Fastest"), and the final segment returned to 20 laps to make tire wear an issue.

text: Only race winning drivers and owners from 2001 would be in the field, and all former Cup titleholders and the past five winners of The Winston would be added to the field, plus the winner of the qualifying races.

text: The No Bull Sprint was eliminated after 2002, and for 2003, The Winston Open would become a 20-lap race with pit stops, and then a 10 green flag lap sprint after pit stops.

text: If the caution flag waved on Lap 40 of the first segment, two green flag laps or the next yellow flag would be run to finish the segment.

text: In The Winston, only the top 20 cars advanced to the second segment, and 10 cars (in 2002) or 14 cars (in 2003 planned, but was 12 after crashes) advanced to the third segment.

text: A green flag pit stop for four tires was mandatory in the first segment, but after Frank Stoddard beat the system in 2002 by changing four tires on the car driven by Jeff Burton just feet from the finish line on the last lap, the rule was changed to mandating tire stops at a specific point in the race.

text: Also, the inversion is moved to the final 20 lap sprint, and the ten-minute break is restored between the second and final segment.

text:
Segment 1: 40 Laps / Must take a four-tire pit stop during race (In 2003, must be between Laps 10–30) / only top 20 cars advance.
Segment 2: 30 Laps / Only 14 cars (2003) / 10 cars (2002) advance / full field inversion at end of segment
Segment 3: 20 Green Flag Laps (no caution laps count)

text: When Nextel took over title series title sponsorship from RJ Reynolds in 2004, the race name was changed using the established unofficial "All-Star" moniker which fans had been using for years without referring to the Winston cigarette sponsorship, officially becoming The Nextel All-Star Challenge. The format was changed slightly while the race stayed at 90 laps.

text: The elimination was eliminated, 1998–2001 inversion and second segment to third segment break rules were restored, meaning a random inversion and an open pit road for the final break instead of a ten-minute break.

text: The four tire stop is now between Laps 13 and 16.

text:
Segment 1: 40 Laps / with random inversion (6–12) at end of segment / 10 Minute Break
Segment 2: 30 Laps / Pit stops optional (cars lose track position if they pit)
Segment 3: 20 Green Flag Laps (no caution laps count)

text: Starting with the 2007 race, held May 19, 2007, there were major changes.

text: Announced during the Media Tour in Charlotte on January 23, 2007, the annual Pit Crew Challenge, held May 16, 2007, at Charlotte Bobcats Arena, won by Ryan Newman's crew in 2007, not only gave each member of the crew $10,000 each, but gave the driver the first choice of pit box, instead of the usual post-qualifying selection.  The unique three-lap qualifying (with a pit stop to change four tires) remained in place to determine the starting lineup, with $50,000 for the winner, $10,000 for second, and $5,000 for third, with the pit crew receiving half of the winner's share.

text: Three drivers from the Nextel Open event, a 40-lap race with two 20-lap segments, gained entry to the Challenge.  The top two finishers of the Open plus the leading fan vote winner still on the lead lap joined the automatic entries from past decade's All-Star race winners and active Cup Champions, along with the winners of the previous year's and first eleven Nextel Cup races of the current season.  Winners of those first eleven races in that season were also eligible for the following season's All-Star event.  In addition, as part of NASCAR's new television agreements, coverage was moved from FX to Fox sibling network Speed. The race format also changed as well.

text: The main race was shortened to eighty laps with four twenty-lap segments (or "quarters" like in football or basketball; only green flag laps will count in the final quarter).  After the first segment, a five-lap caution period starts and there is an opportunity for drivers to take an optional pit stop.  After the second segment, there is a ten-minute "halftime" break so pit crews can make adjustments. Unlike past events though, there is no inversion of the field. Finally, after the third segment, there is a five lap caution period so team can make a required pit stop (for work on their cars or a "stop and go" akin to a speeding penalty on pit row) for all teams which will determine the running order before the Dash for Cash, namely the $1 million (US) grand prize.

text:
First quarter: 20 laps / optional pit stop during five-lap caution period.  $75,000 for the winner, $20,000 for second, and $10,000 for third.
Second quarter: 20 laps / ten-minute "halftime" break to make adjustments; no inversion of the field.   $75,000 for the winner, $20,000 for second, and $10,000 for third.
Third quarter: 20 laps / mandatory pit stop (or "stop and go" in 2007) during five-lap caution period.
Fourth quarter: 20 green flag laps.

text: The changes to Sprint All-Star Race XXIV from XXIII was not only the name change with Roman numerials akin to the Super Bowl, and the first All-Star Race utilizing the Car of Tomorrow template, but also an expansion of the race by 25%.  Each quarter now had five more laps to race, which changes the complexion of each segment, as tire wear will become a greater factor as well as fuel milage would become more of an issue throughout the race.  The 2007 race with its 20-lap segments was treated more of a sprint race;  the 2008 race with 25-lap segments means a car will use nearly one-half tank of fuel and cycle the tires through one half of a tire run.

text: It also changed the final pit stop as all cars must pit for fuel and tires since a stop and go during the mandatory pit stop will virtually be impossible because it would be very close to the limit (about 55–60 laps) for fuel, and tire wear became an issue as cars are set up for a fairly long run.

text: The qualifying race also featured a name change, to the Sprint Showdown. All prize monies remained unchanged for this year's ra

text: For the 25th anniversary of the race, two of the more popular elements of the classic format returned for this special edition.

text: The first segment became a 50-lap quarter, with a mandatory pit stop taking place in Lap 25 of the segment, the pit stop must be a four-tire Stop and take place during a green flag condition.  Following the first two segments, cars will have the option of pitting, but they will lose track position should they do so.

text: The second and third segments were twenty laps each, returning to the 2007 format.  Following the end of the third segment, a ten-minute break took place, allowing for adjustment of cars preceding the final segment,  a ten-green flag lap shootout.  The popularity of the double-file restarts throughout the race led NASCAR to adopt the rule for the second half of the 2009 season.[2]

text: First Segment: 50 Laps with a 4 tire pit stop on lap 25

text: Second Segment: 20 Laps/optional pit stops during the Caution

text: Third Segment: 20 Laps followed by a ten-minute Break for adjustments/Mandatory 4 tire stop during Caution

text: Fourth Segment: 10 Laps in a Dash for the cash (No Caution Laps Count)

text: The 28th running (XXVIII), run in 2012, came with a slight twist to the format.

text: For the first time in the race's history, there were five segments run in the race, four of them for 20 laps and concluding with a 10-lap sprint. The format was changed to provide additional incentive to win one of the first four segments, as the four segment winners will line up 1–4 to start the mandatory pit stop with the rest of the field lined up according to how they finished segment 4. Otherwise, the format, including eligibility criteria, remained unchanged. After winning the First Segment in 2012 Jimmie Johnson intentionally rode in the back for the next three segments. Matt Kenseth and Brad Keselowski did the same after winning Segments 2 and 3 respectively. Criticism to this practice resulted in the final segment pit stop changed from Segment winners to the drivers with the best average finish in Segments 1-4. The same year the pit stop was made for a mandatory 4-tire change. Track owner Bruton Smith promised a bonus million dollars if a driver could win all five segments. This has not been achieved yet.

text: In 2014, NASCAR changed qualifying from a single car two-lap run to a group qualifying effort with two (on short tracks and road courses) or three (On bigger tracks) rounds. All-Star Race qualifying remained the same. The Showdown was moved to Friday as well as the Fan Vote announcement so they can compete for practice and qualifying.

text: In 2015, NASCAR made a slight modification to the All-Star Race.  The ten-year rule for former Series and All-Star Race champions was replaced with a rule allowing a full-time driver who has won either to have a "lifetime" exemption provided they race full-time.  Also, for the Showdown, the "No Bull Sprint" format returned.  The first segment was 20 laps, then the winner advanced to the All-Star Race.  The second segment was 20 laps in which only Green Flag laps counted, that winner advanced.  The winners joined the Fan Vote winner, Danica Patrick.

text: The 5 segment format from 2012-2014 was kept with 5 Laps added to each segment for the All-Star Race, making each segment 25 laps. After the first four segments, drivers were lined up to enter pit road based on their average finish over the course of the first four segments. All drivers entered pit road for a mandatory 4-tire change before the final 10 lap segment in which only Green Flag laps counted.

text: Known as the "Brad Keselowski Rule" for the driver whose idea it was designed, the race would return, in its 30th year as a multi-segment race, to a three-segment format.  The first two segments were to be 50 laps, which would effectively require a pit stop in each segment (cars can make 50-55 laps per green flag run).  The pit stop had to be performed under green flag conditions and a two (or more) tire change is required. During the second segment, the stop had to be before lap 35.

text: At the end of the first segment, a minimum of two tires were required to be changed during the pit stop.  Following the end of the second segment, a random draw determined whether nine, ten, or eleven cars would be forced conduct a four-tire pit stop.  Those cars were required to line up behind the cars that did not pit. Cars below that mark could pit but had to line up after the cars that made a mandatory pit stop.

text: Keselowski said the thirteen green flag lap segment was set because the NASCAR Drivers Council considered factors regarding pit stops and how many laps it would take to come back to the front, which would be around 10-15 laps, so 13 was chosen.

text: The Showdown and fan vote also changed for 2016.  In addition to the old "No Bull Sprint" format, a third segment of ten laps was added.  A two tire stop was required between segments.  The winner of each Showdown segment advanced to the All-Star Race, and skips the remaining two segments.

text: The fan vote allowed two drivers to transfer the main event.  Originally scheduled for one driver voted by the fan vote, the rules called for a second in 2016 because of a quirk in the eligibility.  There were 16 drivers eligible for the All-Star Race, so the rules were designed so the three Showdown winners and the fan vote winner would make it 20.  With Jeff Gordon, eligible by the November 2015 Martinsville win, retired, the runner-up in the fan vote was chosen to advance.  If special circumstances warranted the withdrawal of another eligible driver, the third (and subsequent) placed driver in the fan vote would have also advanced.

text: Past winners[edit]

text: NASCAR All-Star Race[edit]

text: The practice of using Roman numerals to identify each race began in 2008, but ended one year later.

text:
Year

Date

No.

Driver

Team

Manufacturer

Race Distance

Race Time

Average Speed(mph)

Report

Laps

Miles (km)

1985

May 25

11

Darrell Waltrip

Junior Johnson & Associates

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:40:32

161.184

Report

1986

May 11

9

Bill Elliott

Melling Racing

Ford

83

126.326 (203.301)

0:47:37

159.123

Report

1987

May 17

3

Dale Earnhardt

Richard Childress Racing

Chevrolet

135

202.5 (325.892)

1:19:24

153.023

Report

1988

May 22

11

Terry Labonte

Junior Johnson & Associates

Chevrolet

135

202.5 (325.892)

1:27:16

139.228

Report

1989

May 21

27

Rusty Wallace

Blue Max Racing

Pontiac

135

202.5 (325.892)

1:31:25

133.15

Report

1990

May 20

3

Dale Earnhardt

Richard Childress Racing

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:38:39

163.001

Report

1991

May 19

28

Davey Allison

Robert Yates Racing

Ford

70

105 (168.981)

0:37:20

168.75

Report

1992

May 16

28

Davey Allison

Robert Yates Racing

Ford

70

105 (168.981)

0:47:29

132.678

Report

1993

May 22

3

Dale Earnhardt

Richard Childress Racing

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:45:06

139.69

Report

1994

May 21

7

Geoffrey Bodine

Geoff Bodine Racing

Ford

70

105 (168.981)

0:54:31

115.561

Report

1995

May 22

24

Jeff Gordon

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:42:27

148.41

Report

1996

May 20

21

Michael Waltrip

Wood Brothers Racing

Ford

70

105 (168.981)

0:38:43

162.721

Report

1997

May 17

24

Jeff Gordon

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:39:54

157.895

Report

1998

May 16

6

Mark Martin

Roush Racing

Ford

70

105 (168.981)

0:49:44

142.084

Report

1999

May 22

5

Terry Labonte

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:34:20

183.495

Report

2000

May 20

8

Dale Earnhardt Jr.

Dale Earnhardt, Inc.

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:37:43

167.035

Report

2001

May 19–20*

24

Jeff Gordon

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

70

105 (168.981)

0:34:03

185.022

Report

2002

May 18

12

Ryan Newman

Penske Racing

Ford

90

135 (217.261)

1:13:38

110.005

Report

2003

May 17

48

Jimmie Johnson

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

90

135 (217.261)

1:00:46

133.297

Report

2004

May 22

17

Matt Kenseth

Roush Racing

Ford

90

135 (217.261)

1:28:09

91.889

Report

2005

May 21

6

Mark Martin

Roush Racing

Ford

90

135 (217.261)

1:11:05

113.951

Report

2006

May 20

48

Jimmie Johnson

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

90

135 (217.261)

1:18:25

103.29

Report

2007

May 19

29

Kevin Harvick

Richard Childress Racing

Chevrolet

80

120 (193.121)

1:20:49

89.091

Report

2008

May 17

9

Kasey Kahne

Gillett Evernham Motorsports

Dodge

100

150 (241.401)

1:08:38

120.113

Report

2009

May 16

14

Tony Stewart

Stewart-Haas Racing

Chevrolet

100

150 (241.401)

1:30:47

156.809

Report

2010

May 22

2

Kurt Busch

Penske Racing

Dodge

100

150 (241.401)

1:35:34

94.175

Report

2011

May 21

99

Carl Edwards

Roush Fenway Racing

Ford

100

150 (241.401)

1:10:24

127.841

Report

2012

May 19

48

Jimmie Johnson

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

90

135 (217.261)

1:28:00

92.045

Report

2013

May 18

48

Jimmie Johnson

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

90

135 (217.261)

1:29:20

90.672

Report

2014

May 17

1

Jamie McMurray

Chip Ganassi Racing

Chevrolet

90

135 (217.261)

1:20:35

100.517

Report

2015

May 16

11

Denny Hamlin

Joe Gibbs Racing

Toyota

110

165 (265.542)

1:33:00

106.452

Report

2016

May 21

22

Joey Logano

Team Penske

Ford

113

169.5 (272.783)

1:43:40

98.103

Report

2017

May 20

18

Kyle Busch

Joe Gibbs Racing

Toyota

70

105 (168.981)

1:12:47

86.558

Report

2018

May 19

4

Kevin Harvick

Stewart-Haas Racing

Ford

93*

139.5 (224.503)

1:38:50

84.688

Report

tag: table

text:
2001: Race started on May 19 but ended early morning May 20 due to rain delay.
2018: Race ran extra laps due to overtime on a segment.

text: Multiple winners (drivers)[edit]

text:
# Wins

Driver

Years Won

4

Jimmie Johnson

2003, 2006, 2012, 2013

3

Dale Earnhardt

1987, 1990, 1993

Jeff Gordon

1995, 1997, 2001

2

Davey Allison

1991, 1992

Terry Labonte

1988, 1999

Mark Martin

1998, 2005

Kevin Harvick

2007, 2018

text: Multiple winners (teams)[edit]

text:
# Wins

Team

Years Won

8

Hendrick Motorsports

1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2013

4

Richard Childress Racing

1987, 1990, 1993, 2007

Roush Fenway Racing

1998, 2004, 2005, 2011

3

Team Penske

2002, 2010, 2016

2

Junior Johnson & Associates

1985, 1988

Robert Yates Racing

1991, 1992

Joe Gibbs Racing

2015, 2017

Stewart-Haas Racing

2009, 2018

text: Manufacturer wins[edit]

text:
# Wins

Manufacturer

Years Won

17

Chevrolet

1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014

12

Ford

1986, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2011, 2016, 2018

2

Dodge

2008, 2010

Toyota

2015, 2017

1

Pontiac

1989

text: NASCAR Open[edit]

text:
Year

Date

No.

Driver

Team

Manufacturer

Race Distance

Race Time

Average Speed(mph)

Laps

Miles (km)

1986

May 11

55

Benny Parsons

Leo Jackson Racing

Oldsmobile

100

152.2 (244.942)

0:57:31

157.358

1987

May 17

88

Buddy Baker

Baker-Schiff Racing

Oldsmobile

100

150 (241.401)

1:12:06

124.826

1988

May 22

44

Sterling Marlin

Hagan Racing

Oldsmobile

100

150 (241.401)

1:06:22

135.61

1989

May 21

94

Sterling Marlin

Hagan Racing

Oldsmobile

100

150 (241.401)

1:03:42

140.919

1990

May 20

66

Dick Trickle

Cale Yarborough Motorsports

Pontiac

134

201 (323.478)

1:24:22

142.919

1991

May 19

30

Michael Waltrip

Bahari Racing

Pontiac

134

201 (323.478)

1:28:45

135.887

1992

May 16

30

Michael Waltrip

Bahari Racing

Pontiac

50

75 (120.7)

0:32:35

138.12

1993

May 22

8

Sterling Marlin

Stavola Brothers Racing

Ford

50

75 (120.7)

0:32:15

139.535

1994

May 21

24

Jeff Gordon

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

50

75 (120.7)

0:34:31

130.372

1995

May 22

75

Todd Bodine

Butch Mock Motorsports

Ford

50

75 (120.7)

0:37:35

119.734

1996

May 20

23

Jimmy Spencer

Smokin' Joe's Racing

Ford

50

75 (120.7)

0:29:03

154.905

1997

May 17

25

Ricky Craven

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

50

75 (120.7)

0:26:02

172.855

1998

May 16

12

Jeremy Mayfield

Penske Racing

Ford

50

75 (120.7)

0:32:01

140.552

1999

May 22

20

Tony Stewart

Joe Gibbs Racing

Pontiac

50

75 (120.7)

0:33:19

135.064

2000

May 20

1

Steve Park

Dale Earnhardt, Inc.

Chevrolet

30

45 (72.42)

0:31:52

172.916

2001

May 19

10

Johnny Benson

MB2 Motorsports

Pontiac

30

45 (72.42)

0:23:21

2002

May 18

19

Jeremy Mayfield

Evernham Motorsports

Dodge

30

45 (72.42)

0:18:13

148.216

2003

May 17

99

Jeff Burton

Roush Racing

Ford

30

45 (72.42)

0:32:23

83.381

2004

May 22

40

Sterling Marlin

Chip Ganassi Racing

Dodge

30

45 (72.42)

0:36:48

73.37

2005

May 21

25

Brian Vickers

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

30

45 (72.42)

0:28:13

95.688

2006

May 20

10

Scott Riggs

Evernham Motorsports

Dodge

30

45 (72.42)

0:28:11

95.801

2007

May 19

1

Martin Truex Jr.

Dale Earnhardt, Inc.

Chevrolet

40

60 (96.56)

0:45:32

79.063

2008

May 17

84

A. J. Allmendinger

Red Bull Racing Team

Toyota

40

60 (96.56)

0:40:33

88.779

2009

May 16

77

Sam Hornish Jr.

Penske Racing

Dodge

40

60 (96.56)

0:43:16

83.205

2010

May 22

56

Martin Truex Jr.

Michael Waltrip Racing

Toyota

40

60 (96.56)

0:34:45

103.597

2011

May 21

6

David Ragan

Roush Fenway Racing

Ford

40

60 (96.56)

0:42:42

100.57

2012

May 19

88

Dale Earnhardt Jr.

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

40

60 (96.56)

0:28:40

125.581

2013

May 18

1

Jamie McMurray

Earnhardt Ganassi Racing

Chevrolet

40

60 (96.56)

0:26:03

138.196

2014

May 16

15

Clint Bowyer

Michael Waltrip Racing

Toyota

40

60 (96.56)

0:30:35

117.711

2015

May 15

15

Clint Bowyer

Michael Waltrip Racing

Toyota

40

60 (96.56)

0:35:10

102.37

2016

May 21*

42

Kyle Larson

Chip Ganassi Racing

Chevrolet

50

75 (120.701)

0:54:16

82.924

2017

May 20

19

Daniel Suárez

Joe Gibbs Racing

Toyota

50

75 (120.701)

1:00:19

74.606

2018

May 19

47

A. J. Allmendinger

JTG Daugherty Racing

Chevrolet

50

75 (120.701)

0:45:35

98.72

text: 2016:  Race postponed from Friday, May 20 to Saturday, May 21 because of inclement weather.

text: No Bull Sprint[edit]

text:
Year

Date

No.

Driver

Team

Manufacturer

Race Distance

Race Time

Average Speed(mph)

Laps

Miles (km)

2000

May 20

25

Jerry Nadeau

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

16

24 (38.628)

0:16:37

179.856

2001

May 19

66

Todd Bodine

Travis Carter Motorsports

Ford

16

24 (38.628)

0:13:24

2002

May 18

12

Ryan Newman

Penske Racing

Ford

16

24 (38.628)

0:08:04

178.512

text: No Bull 25 Shootout[edit]

text: Twin 25-lap races to determine the starting grid for the Winston Open. The starting lineups of the shootouts were based on practice speeds earlier in the day. In 2001, the starting grid for the Winston Open reverted to two-lap qualifying.

text:
Year

Date

No.

Driver

Team

Manufacturer

Race Distance

Average Speed(mph)

Laps

Miles

1998

May 16

12

Jeremy Mayfield

Penske Racing

Ford

25

37.5 (60.35)

23

Jimmy Spencer

Travis Carter Motorsports

Ford

25

37.5 (60.35)

1999

May 22

31

Mike Skinner

Richard Childress Racing

Chevrolet

25

37.5 (60.35)

171.826

20

Tony Stewart

Joe Gibbs Racing

Pontiac

25

37.5 (60.35)

173.41

2000

May 20

25

Jerry Nadeau

Hendrick Motorsports

Chevrolet

25

37.5 (60.35)

167.379

26

Jimmy Spencer

Travis Carter Motorsports

Ford

25

37.5 (60.35)

171.886

text: Past pole winners[edit]

text: NASCAR All-Star Race[edit]

text: Starting in 1989, pole qualifying for race changed. During the three-lap run, teams are required to perform a four-tire pit stop on either the first or the second lap.

text:
1985 Terry Labonte
1986 Darrell Waltrip
1987 Bill Elliott 170.827
1988 Darrell Waltrip
1989 Terry Labonte
1990 Dale Earnhardt
1991 Davey Allison
1992 Davey Allison
1993 Ernie Irvan
1994 Rusty Wallace
1995 Bobby Labonte 139.817
1996 Jeff Gordon
1997 Bill Elliott 143.273
1998 Bill Elliott 142.084
1999 Bobby Labonte 146.830
2000 Bill Elliott
2001 Rusty Wallace 140.458
2002 Matt Kenseth 143.441
2003 Bill Elliott 131.502
2004 Rusty Wallace 130.647
2005 Ryan Newman 132.306
2006 Kasey Kahne 132.465
2007 Matt Kenseth 133.442
2008 Kyle Busch 132.835
2009 Jimmie Johnson 121.416
2010 Kurt Busch (qualifying rained out and set by the qualifying draw)
2011 Kyle Busch 135.916
2012 Kyle Busch 119.112
2013 Carl Edwards 145.556
2014 Carl Edwards 146.915
2015 Denny Hamlin 145.648
2016 Kevin Harvick (qualifying rained out and set by owner points)
2017 Kyle Larson 143.849
2018 Matt Kenseth 127.644

text: NASCAR Showdown[edit]

text: Through 1997, one-lap qualifying was utilized. From 1998 to 2000, a pair of qualifying races, the No Bull 25's, set the starting lineup. The use of one lap qualifying (best single lap of two) resumed in 2001.

text:
1986 Kyle Petty
1987 Brett Bodine
1988 Ken Schrader 171.958
1989 Mark Martin
1990 Ernie Irvan
1991 Michael Waltrip
1992 Brett Bodine
1993 Jeff Gordon
1994 Joe Nemecheck 181.519 (overall track record at time)
1995 Michael Waltrip
1996 Lake Speed 180.977
1997 Chad Little 181.220
1998 Jeremy Mayfield (won first No Bull 25 qualifying sprint race)
1999 Mike Skinner (won first No Bull 25 qualifying sprint race)
2000 Jerry Nadeau  (won first No Bull 25 qualifying sprint race)
2001 Johnny Benson 181.257
2002 Jeremy Mayfield 183.336
2003 Steve Park 184.244
2004 Dave Blaney 185.058
2005 Mike Bliss 189.208
2006 Scott Riggs 186.509
2007 Carl Edwards 187.487
2008 Elliott Sadler 185.014
2009 Kirk Shelmerdine (qualifying rained out and set by the qualifying draw)
2010 David Ragan (qualifying rained out and set by the qualifying draw)
2011 David Ragan 191.680
2012 A. J. Allmendinger 192.465
2013 Martin Truex Jr. 193.424
2014 Austin Dillon 194.616
2015 Paul Menard 189.673
2016 Chase Elliott (qualifying rained out and set by the 2016 Owner Point standings before the Showdown)
2017 Clint Bowyer 189.474
2018 Aric Almirola (qualifying rained out and set by the 2018 Owner Point standings before the Open)

text: Race notes[edit]

text:
Keith Jackson, much better known for his work on college football and ABC's Wide World of Sports, called the 1987 event, known for the "Pass in the Grass".  He was the network's NASCAR play-by-play announcer until the 1987 season.
from 1987 to 1990 ABC Sports covered reports on time trials on the Indianapolis 500 which ABC Sports covered
The 1992 race was the first held on a superspeedway at night.
After the 2000 race, a pedestrian bridge collapsed outside one of the entrances to Lowe's Motor Speedway.  Over 100 spectators were injured, some of them critically.  Lawsuits related to the incident were heard in courts as late as 2007.  Bret Baier of Fox News Channel was the first reporter from a national (U.S.) television network to file reports from the scene; today, he is the host of FNC's Special Report with Bret Baier.
Trent Cherry, a member of the No. 12 Penske Racing Dodge crew, did a mosh pit dance into an infield crowd prior to the 2005 race.  The all-star race introductions since 2001 have included pit crew members, which has led to antics increasing between crew members as they are introduced in front of the crowd.
In 2006, the Red Hot Chili Peppers performed a concert between segments 2 and 3.  Among the celebrities that have given the command have included Pamela Anderson (2005) and Michael Jordan (2007).
Since 2005, NASCAR Day has been held the day before this race.  NASCAR Day is a charity event that benefits the NASCAR Foundation.  The foundation in turn funnels money to charities supported by drivers and team owners.
The NASCAR Hall of Fame induction ceremonies were held as part of Sprint All-Star Race XXVI week, which took shortly after the opening of the Hall.

text: American Challenge Cup[edit]

text: The NASCAR All-Star Race's roots are from the non-championship 1961–1963 Race of Champions at Daytona International Speedway. A 10-lap, 25-mile All-Star event was held in conjunction with the Speedweeks activities. Like the first two runnings of the NASCAR All-Star Race, only winners of the previous season participated in this event.

text:
Year

Date

No.

Driver

Team

Manufacturer

Race Distance

Race Time

Average Speed(mph)

Laps

Miles (km)

1961

February 19

8

Joe Weatherly

Bud Moore Engineering

Pontiac

10

25 (40.233)

0:09:41

154.905

1962

February 10

22

Fireball Roberts

Jim Stephens

Pontiac

10

25 (40.233)

0:09:33

157.081

1963

February 10

28

Fred Lorenzen

Holman-Moody

Ford

10

25 (40.233)

0:09:11

163.297

text: Television broadcasters[edit]

text:
Year

Network

Lap-by-lap

Color commentator(s)

1985

Jefferson-Pilot

Mike Joy

Neil Bonnett

1986

ESPN

Bob Jenkins

Larry Nuber

1987

ABC

Keith Jackson

Donnie Allison

1988

1989

Paul Page

Bobby UnserBenny Parsons

1990

1991

CBS

Ken Squier

Ned Jarrett

1992

TNN

Mike Joy

Neil BonnettBuddy Baker

1993

1994

Buddy Baker

1995

Buddy BakerErnie Irvan

1996

Eli Gold

Buddy BakerDick Berggren

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

FX

Mike Joy

Darrell WaltripLarry McReynolds

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Speed

2008

2009

2010

2011

Darrell WaltripMichael Waltrip

2012

Darrell WaltripLarry McReynolds

2013

2014

FS1

2015

2016

Darrell WaltripJeff Gordon

2017

2018

text: No Bull 25's[edit]

text:
Year

Network

Lap-by-lap

Color commentator(s)

1998

Speedvision

Bob Varsha

David HobbsSam Posey

1999

2000

TNN

Eli Gold

Buddy BakerDick Berggren


document_title: Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017)

question_text: when did the samsung galaxy a5 2017 come out

text: Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017)

text:
Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017)

Brand
Samsung Galaxy

Manufacturer
Samsung Electronics

Slogan
Same Galaxy DNA, different attitude

Series
Galaxy A series

Model
SM-A520x
(Last letter varies by carrier & international models)

Compatible networks
2G, 3G (UMTS/HSPA), 4G (LTE)

First released
January 2, 2017; 8 months ago (2017-01-02)

Predecessor
Samsung Galaxy A5 (2016)

Related
Samsung Galaxy A3 (2017)
Samsung Galaxy A7 (2017)
Samsung Galaxy Note7
Samsung Galaxy S7

Type
Touchscreen smartphone

Form factor
Slate

Dimensions
146.1 x 71.4 x 7.9 mm

Weight
157g

Operating system
Original: Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow" (with Grace UX)
Current: Android 7.0 "Nougat" with Samsung Experience 8.1

System on chip
Samsung Exynos 7 Octa 7880

CPU
Octa-Core 1.9 GHz

GPU
Mali-T830MP3

Memory
3 GB RAM

Storage
32 GB

Removable storage
up to 256 GB

Battery
3000mAh (non-removable) with fast-charging

Data inputs

List[show]

Multi-touch capacitive touchscreen
Fingerprint sensor (front-mounted)
3 push buttons
aGPS
GLONASS
Accelerometer
Barometer
Gyroscope
Digital compass

Display
5.2" Super AMOLED FHD display with Corning Gorilla Glass 4, 1080×1920 px

Rear camera
16 MP

Front camera
16 MP

Connectivity
802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, Wi-Fi hotspot;
Bluetooth v4.2, A2DP, EDR;
USB Type-C v1.0 reversible connector

text: The Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017) is an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics. It was announced on January 2, 2017, along with Samsung Galaxy A3 (2017) and Samsung Galaxy A7 (2017). This move marks Samsung's first product launch since the discontinuation of the Galaxy Note 7 back on October 2016.[1]

text: The Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017) runs Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow right out-of-the-box and runs on Grace UX interface. The smartphone features an Exynos 7880 SoC consisting of 8 ARM Cortex-A53 backed by the Mali-T830 GPU and sports 3 GB of RAM and 32 GB internal storage, expandable to 256 GB via a MicroSD slot which can also be used for a second Nano-SIM. The device retains a non-removable battery like its predecessor, rated at 3000mAh with fast-charging capabilities. Its extra features similar to Samsung's 2016 flagships include IP68 water resistance, Always-on Display and 3D glass backing with Gorilla Glass 4. A new "Always On display" functionality displays a clock, calendar, and notifications on-screen when the device is in standby.[2]

text: Availability[edit]

text: Following the unveiling, Samsung announced that they will sell up to 20 million smartphones, targeting Western and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America. Unlike its predecessors, the Galaxy A5 (2017) will not be coming to the United States.[3] However, the Galaxy A5 (2017) is going to be sold in Canada,[4] unlike the 2016 edition.