document_title: 2018 Radio Disney Music Awards

question_text: who's performing at the radio disney music awards 2018

question_tokens: who 's performing at the radio disney music awards 2018

text: 2018 Radio Disney Music Awards

text: Performances[edit]

text:
Performer(s)[2]

Song[3]

Meghan Trainor

"Let You Be Right""No Excuses"

Echosmith

"Over My Head""Cool Kids"

Kelly Clarkson

"Miss Independent""Since U Been Gone""My Life Would Suck Without You""Catch My Breath""Stronger""Heat"

Marshmello

"Alone""Friends""Silence"

Maddie Poppe

"Going, Going, Gone"

Charlie Puth

"The Way I Am"

Carrie Underwood feat. Ludacris

"The Champion"

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text:
The nominees were announced via a nomination live stream on April 27, 2018.[4][5]
Voting began the day nominations released.[5]

text:
Best Artist

Breakout Artist of the Year

Shawn Mendes
Selena Gomez
Bruno Mars
Ed Sheeran
Taylor Swift
Meghan Trainor

Camila Cabello
Halsey
Dua Lipa
Marshmello
Julia Michaels
Charlie Puth

Best Group

Song of the Year

BTS
Clean Bandit
Echosmith
Imagine Dragons
Maroon 5

"Havana" - Camila Cabello
"Look What You Made Me Do" - Taylor Swift
"The Middle" - Zedd, Maren Morris, and Grey
"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back" - Shawn Mendes
"Wolves" - Selena Gomez and Marshmello

Favorite Social Music Artist

Best Dance Track

Max & Harvey
Alex Aiono
Chloe x Halle
HRVY
Carson Lueders
Rudy Mancuso

"Mic Drop (Steve Aoki Remix)" - BTS
"Friends" - Justin Bieber and BloodPop
"Let Me Go" - Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso featuring Florida Georgia Line and Andrew Watt
"The Middle" - Zedd, Maren Morris, and Grey
"Silence - Marshmello featuring Khalid

Best New Artist

Best Collaboration

Bebe Rexha
Cheat Codes
Hey Violet
Lauv
Why Don't We

"It Ain't Me" - Selena Gomez and Kygo
"Meant to Be" - Bebe Rexha featuring Florida Georgia Line
"No Promises" - Cheat Codes featuring Demi Lovato
"Mi Gente" - J Balvin and Willy William
"The Middle" - Zedd, Maren Morris, and Grey

Best Crush Song

Fiercest Fans

"Perfect" - Ed Sheeran
"I Like Me Better" - Lauv
"Why" - Sabrina Carpenter
"Ins and Outs" - Sofia Carson
"Legends" - Kelsea Ballerini

BTS Army (BTS)
Mellogang (Marshmello)
Megatronz (Meghan Trainor)
Mendes Army (Shawn Mendes)
Selenators (Selena Gomez)

Best Song That Makes You Smile

Best Song to Lip Sync To

"DNA" - BTS
"I Miss Those Days" - Bleachers
"No Excuses" - Meghan Trainor
"One Foot" - Walk the Moon
"So Much More Than This" - Grace VanderWaal

"New Rules" - Dua Lipa
"Look What You Made Me Do - Taylor Swift
"Sorry Not Sorry" - Demi Lovato
"These Girls" - Why Don't We
"This Is Me" - Keala Settle

Country Favorite Artist

Country Best New Artist

Kelsea Ballerini
Luke Bryan
Florida Georgia Line
Maren Morris
Thomas Rhett

Carly Pearce
Jordan Davis
Devin Dawson
Jillian Jacqueline
Lanco

Country Favorite Song

Hero Award

"Meant to Be" - Bebe Rexha featuring Florida Georgia Line
"Legends" - Kelsea Ballerini
"Take Back Home Girl - Chris Lane and Tori Kelly
"Unforgettable" - Thomas Rhett
"You Broke Up with Me - Walker Hayes

Carrie Underwood

Icon Award

Kelly Clarkson[6]

Impact Award

Janet Jackson[2]


document_title: List of Daytona 500 pole position winners

question_text: who's got the pole at the daytona 500

question_tokens: who 's got the pole at the daytona 500

root

text: Procedure[edit]

text: The qualifying session for pole position is held before the Daytona 500. Drivers take one timed lap to determine their time. The fastest qualifier takes the pole position for the Daytona 500 and starts on the inside of the first row; the second fastest starts alongside him on the outside, referred to as the "outside pole."[6] Both front row starters are locked into these starting positions.[6]

tag: p

text: The 2015 race used the standard knockout qualifying system. Up to the 2014 race, drivers took two timed laps, and the better of the two timed laps was the driver's lap for purposes of Daytona 500 qualifying. Until 2001, NASCAR offered a second (and at times, a third) round of qualifying for teams who wished to improve their qualifying times. Drivers and teams decided if they were content with their first attempt, and "stood on their time", or if they wanted to improve their chances by attempting a "second-round qualifying" attempt. If satisfied with the original attempt, the team was required to notify NASCAR within five minutes of the final practice sessions, and before the beginning of the "second-round qualifying" attempts. Drivers who made second-round attempts started behind first-round only drivers; however, the qualifying times were crucial, since it determined a driver's fall back time should he fail to finish in the top 14 of the qualifying races. The strategy was usually done by drivers whose times would not make the race or be on the bubble.[7] The second round of qualifying ended in 2001.[8]

text: The two fastest drivers in the final qualifying session (the Daytona 500 pole winner and the "outside" pole winner) only are also awarded the pole positions for the two qualifying races held the following Thursday. Drivers are ranked by the furthest number of rounds advanced in qualifying, and then their qualifying time in the final round that they reached. Those who rank with an odd-numbered position are assigned to the first qualifying race, and those with an even-numbered rank to the second race. Cars in the final round of qualifying start the race in the front.[9] The starting spots for the third through 32nd positions are determined by the drivers' finishing position in the qualifying races, with only the top 15 drivers' results, excluding the pole sitter in each race, advancing to the feature.[10] Since 2005, each of the two qualifying races is 150-mile (240 km) long, or 60 laps. From its inception in 1959 until 1967, it was 40 laps, and from 1969 to 2004 it was 50 laps.[11] After the races, the top four drivers in speed of those that failed to advance through the qualifying race are positioned in positions 33-36. The speeds used for this does not reflect their official qualifying times; regardless of which qualifying round they reached, their time used is the fastest time set in any round (first, second, or third), and does not reflect their starting position in the Duels. Positions 37-42 will go to the top six teams (not drivers) in points from the previous year's owners (team) points standings of teams not already qualified, again with their positions based on speed, again based on the fastest time in any round, not in the final round that they reached. The final starting position in the Daytona 500 (43rd overall) is reserved by NASCAR to allow one former NASCAR champion to start the race under the "champion's provisional" rule. Also known as the "Petty Rule", this rule was established in 1989 when NASCAR's winningest driver (Richard Petty) failed to qualify for an event at Richmond International Raceway.[12] If the Champion's Provisional is not necessary, the seventh-highest team in the previous year's points advances, and positions 37-43 are positioned based on speed from their fastest round of qualifying.

text: From 2005 until 2012, NASCAR adopted an "All Exempt Tour" format similar to golf. The teams in the top 35 of owner points during the previous season would be eligible to run in the Daytona 500, regardless of qualifying speed.[13] The qualifying races now determine the relative starting position for these 35 drivers plus the starting positions for an additional seven to eight teams.[14] The top 35 drivers, plus two non-top 35 drivers from each qualifier, start in the first 39 positions of the 500.[14] The 40th, 41st, and 42nd starting positions are given to the fastest three non-exempt cars based on qualifying speed, which have not already qualified.[14] The 43rd starting position is awarded to the most recent previous NASCAR champion who attempted to qualify; it is given to the fastest car that hadn't qualified if all previous champions qualified into the field.[14] In 2008, the qualifying competition became known as the "Coors Light Pole" when Coors replaced Budweiser as the primary sponsor.[15] Budweiser's parent company, Anheuser Busch Corporation, had been sponsoring the race since 1979.[15]

text: History[edit]

text: In early years, qualifying had varying formats: from one timed lap, to the average of two laps, to the better of two laps. The idea of having two individual races to establish the starting lineup of the Daytona 500 dates back to the first race in 1959.[16] That event, advertised as "the 500 Mile NASCAR International Sweepstakes",[17] featured cars from NASCAR's Grand National (now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) division racing against cars in the Convertible division.[16] The first of the 100-mile (160 km) qualifying races consisted of Convertible division cars and the second of Grand National cars.[16] Shorty Rollins won the 100-mile Convertible race to become the track's first winner.[18] When the green flag was thrown on the first Daytona 500, 59 cars raced to the starting line; the event was held without a caution period during the entire race.[17] In 1960 (incidentally, the first ever national telecast of a NASCAR race), the last chance race was eliminated; from 1960 through 1967 the qualifying events were 100 miles (160 km) in length.[15] When the season opened in 1968, the qualifying races were increased to 125 miles (201 km),[15] which meant the drivers would have to make at least one pit-stop to refuel (though the races were not held because of weather in 1968). Prior to 1971, the qualifying races yielded points to the drivers' championship.[19]

text: The 12-mile-per-hour (19 km/h) reduction in speed for the 1971 qualification was a result of NASCAR's effort to limit the increasing speeds achieved through the late 1960s and early 1970s. Engine size and technology, along with increased aerodynamic styling changes,[20] brought speeds to over 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) at some of the larger superspeedways.[21] In an effort to reduce the escalating costs of developing faster racing equipment, increased horsepower, and the lack of parity in competition, NASCAR implemented several restrictions for the 1971 season,[20][22] attempting to reduce speed by two methods. It experimented with restrictor plates for the first time at Michigan in August 1970.[23] At the beginning of the 1971 season, NASCAR limited an engine's cubic inch displacement.[20] The reductions had the effect of reducing costs for teams, but also limiting the horsepower and top speeds of NASCAR teams.[21] At the time, NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. stated:

text: "Special cars, including the Mercury Cyclone Spoiler, Ford Talladega, Dodge Daytona, Dodge Charger 500, and Plymouth Superbird shall be limited to a maximum engine size of 305 cubic inches."

text: Corporate sponsors purchased naming rights to qualifying races; between 1982 and 1984, Uno cards was the title sponsor for the "Uno Twin 125's" qualifying events. In 1985 they became known as "7-Eleven Twin 125's"; no sponsors funded the 1988 and 1989 qualifying events and the races were called "Daytona Twin Qualifiers". Gatorade became the sponsor of the dual qualifying events in 1991. In 2005, the event was increased 150 miles (240 km),[15] and became known as the "Gatorade Duels" until 2015. Starting in 2016 CanAm took over sponsorship of the races, where it stands today.[6]

text: Since the restrictor plate era began in 1988 until 2014, qualifying was the better single lap of two;[24] drivers are permitted one warm-up lap followed by two consecutive timed laps. Since restrictor plate cars require more time to accelerate to full speed, drivers often consider their first timed lap a "throwaway lap," and use it essentially as a second warm-up lap; and the second timed lap is usually the fastest of the three laps.[24]

text: In August 2009, NASCAR announced that it would reschedule the 2010 opening round of qualifying to avoid a conflict with the NFL Super Bowl.[25] The events that determine the top two starters for the Daytona 500 were rescheduled after the NFL moved the Super Bowl day one week to February 7, 2010.[26] Qualifying had originally been scheduled for February 7, but NASCAR moved the date back to Saturday, February 6, to avoid conflict with the NFL. Daytona Speedway president, Robin Braig, stated:

text: "We're excited about the new schedule, [...] By moving Daytona 500 qualifying to Saturday, we are now providing even more value to our race fans. (They) can now enjoy a unique racing triple-header as well as all the festivities surrounding the Super Bowl the following day."

text: In 2014, NASCAR adopted, starting with the second race of the year in Phoenix, a Formula One-style knockout qualifying system. After tweaking it in the 2014 GEICO 500 at Talladega, the format became three five-minute rounds, with the first round being split as two five-minute rounds with half the field in each round. As is the case for standard knockout qualifying, the top 24 advanced to the second round, and the top 12 advancing to the final round. This format was used at the Daytona 500 for the first time in 2015, but was soon abandoned for restrictor plate races after a series of incidents taking place during qualifying.

text: Restrictor plate races eventually gets a new two-round qualifying format starting from the first Talladega race. In round 1, each car goes out one at a time for one warm-up, one timed, and one cool down lap. The order for the cars released was determined by a random draw. NASCAR will release the next car to begin their lap while the current car is finishing their timed lap with the goal to have the next car start their timed lap no more than 20 seconds after the previous car finishes. The top 12 cars from round 1 will make a second run in the same format to determine the starting lineup for positions 1–12, with the order of cars released are the invert of round 1 result (i.e. the 12th placed car will be released first). Positions 13th and below are determined by round 1 result.

text: Daytona 500 pole winners[edit]

text:
Year of event
Driver[28]
Car make
Average
speed
Restrictor plate
Notes

1959
Welborn, BobBob Welborn
Chevrolet
140.121 mph (225.503 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below); Entire lineup set by Qualifying races[30]

1960
Owens, CottonCotton Owens
Pontiac
149.892 mph (241.228 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[31]

1961
Roberts, FireballFireball Roberts
155.709 mph (250.589 km/h)[29]

Won Qualifying race[32][33]

1962
156.999 mph (252.665 km/h)[29]

Won Qualifying race; won Daytona 500[34][35]

1963
160.943 mph (259.013 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[36]

1964
Goldsmith, PaulPaul Goldsmith
Plymouth
174.910 mph (281.490 km/h)[29]

Track record at time (see below)

1965
Dieringer, DarelDarel Dieringer
Mercury
171.151 mph (275.441 km/h)[29]

Also won Qualifying race

1966
Petty, RichardRichard Petty
Plymouth
175.165 mph (281.901 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1967
Turner, CurtisCurtis Turner
Chevrolet
180.831 mph (291.019 km/h)[29]

1968
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough
Mercury
189.222 mph (304.523 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1969
Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker (1)
Dodge
188.901 mph (304.007 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[37]

1970
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough (2)
Mercury
194.015 mph (312.237 km/h)[29]

1971
Foyt, A. J.A. J. Foyt
182.744 mph (294.098 km/h)[29]

1972
Isaac, BobbyBobby Isaac
Dodge
186.632 mph (300.355 km/h)[29]

1973
Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker (2)
185.662 mph (298.794 km/h)[29]

1974
Pearson, DavidDavid Pearson
Chevrolet
185.017 mph (297.756 km/h)[29] First season of 5900cc engine formula (358 cubic inches).

1975
Allison, DonnieDonnie Allison (1)
185.827 mph (299.060 km/h)[29]

1976
Stott, RamoRamo Stott
183.456 mph (295.244 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[38]

1977
Allison, DonnieDonnie Allison (2)
188.048 mph (302.634 km/h)[29]

1978
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough (3)
Oldsmobile
187.536 mph (301.810 km/h)[29]

1979
Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker (4)
196.049 mph (315.510 km/h)[29]

1980
194.099 mph (312.372 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below); Won Daytona 500[39]

1981
Allison, BobbyBobby Allison
Pontiac
194.624 mph (313.217 km/h)[29]

1982
Parsons, BennyBenny Parsons
196.317 mph (315.942 km/h)[29]

1983
Rudd, RickyRicky Rudd
Chevrolet
198.864 mph (320.041 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[40]

1984
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough (4)
201.848 mph (324.843 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1985
Elliott, BillBill Elliott
Ford
205.114 mph (330.099 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1986
205.039 mph (329.978 km/h)[29]

1987
210.364 mph (338.548 km/h)[29]

All-time track record;[3] Won Daytona 500[29]

1988
Schrader, KenKen Schrader
Chevrolet
193.823 mph (311.928 km/h)[29]
1.0001 inch plate[23]

1989
196.996 mph (317.034 km/h)[29]
1.0001 inch plate[23]
Also won first qualifying race[41]

1990
196.515 mph (316.260 km/h)[29]
0.937515/16 inch plate[23]
Geoff Bodine started on pole (see below)[42]

1991
Allison, DaveyDavey Allison
Ford
195.955 mph (315.359 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]

1992
Marlin, SterlingSterling Marlin
192.213 mph (309.337 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

1993
Petty, KyleKyle Petty
Pontiac
189.426 mph (304.852 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

1994
Allen, Jr., LoyLoy Allen, Jr.
Ford
190.158 mph (306.030 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]
Allen was the first rookie pole winner[43]

1995
Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett (1)
196.498 mph (316.233 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

1996
Earnhardt, DaleDale Earnhardt
Chevrolet
189.510 mph (304.987 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23] Compression ratio limit on engines established at 14:1.

1997
Skinner, MikeMike Skinner
189.813 mph (305.474 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]

1998
Labonte, BobbyBobby Labonte
Pontiac
192.415 mph (309.662 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23] Compression ratio limit on engines reduced to 12:1.

1999
Gordon, JeffJeff Gordon (1)
Chevrolet
195.067 mph (313.930 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]
Won Daytona 500[29]

2000
Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett (2)
Ford
191.091 mph (307.531 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]
Won Daytona 500[29]

2001
Elliott, BillBill Elliott (4)
Dodge
183.565 mph (295.419 km/h)[29]
0.937515/16 inch plate[23]

2002
Johnson, JimmieJimmie Johnson (1)
Chevrolet
185.831 mph (299.066 km/h)
0.937515/16 inch plate[23]
Johnson's rookie season, having run only three races in 2001[44]

2003
Green, JeffJeff Green
186.606 mph (300.313 km/h)[45]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

2004
Biffle, GregGreg Biffle
Ford
188.387 mph (303.179 km/h)[46]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]
Engine failed in final practice; Dale Earnhardt, Jr. started first and won race (see below)[47]

2005
Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett (3)
188.312 mph (303.059 km/h)[48]
0.89062557/64 inch plate[23]

2006
Burton, JeffJeff Burton
Chevrolet
189.151 mph (304.409 km/h)[49]
0.89062557/64 inch plate[23]

2007
Gilliland, DavidDavid Gilliland
Ford
186.320 mph (299.853 km/h)[50]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

2008
Johnson, JimmieJimmie Johnson (2)
Chevrolet
187.075 mph (301.068 km/h)[51]
0.9687531/32 inch plate[23]

2009
Truex, Jr., MartinMartin Truex, Jr.
188.001 mph (302.558 km/h)[52]
0.9687531/32 inch plate

2010
Martin, MarkMark Martin
191.188 mph (307.687 km/h)
0.98437563/64 inch plate[53]
Oldest Daytona 500 pole-sitter at age of 51.

2011
Earnhardt, Jr., DaleDale Earnhardt, Jr.
186.089 mph (299.481 km/h)[54]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[55]
Crashed in Wednesday practice; Kurt Busch, who won the first Duel, started first. First race to use fuel injection system after engine formula changed.

2012
Edwards, CarlCarl Edwards
Ford
194.738 mph (313.400 km/h)[56]

2013
Patrick, DanicaDanica Patrick
Chevrolet
196.434 mph (316.130 km/h)

First woman to win a pole in the Daytona 500 and first woman to win a pole in a Cup race.

2014
Dillon, AustinAustin Dillon
196.019 mph (315.462 km/h)

First time the No. 3 car has gone to the pole in Daytona since 1996, and the first appearance for the No. 3 in the NASCAR Cup Series since 2001.

2015
Gordon, JeffJeff Gordon (2)
201.293 mph (323.950 km/h) (Q3)

Not fastest qualifier; Three-round Formula One-style group knockout qualifying used.

2016
Elliott, ChaseChase Elliott
196.314 mph (315.937 km/h) (Q2)[57]

The youngest pole-sitter in 500 history at the age of 20. Indianapolis 500 style two-round qualifying system used (all cars take one round, then top 12 cars take a second round for pole).

2017
Elliott, ChaseChase Elliott (2)
192.872 mph (310.397 km/h) (Q2)[58]

Second consecutive pole for Elliott and third consecutive for crew chief Alan Gustafson.

2018
Bowman, AlexAlex Bowman
195.644 mph (314.858 km/h)

tag: table

text: As of 2017 Chase Elliott is the first driver to win back to back 500 poles, since his father (NASCAR hall of famer) Bill Elliott

text: Notes[edit]

text:
1959: Cotton Owens (143.198 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[29]
1960: Fireball Roberts (151.556 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[31]
1963: Johnny Rutherford (165.183 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[36]
1964: On April 4, 1959, Dick Rathmann set the one-lap Daytona International Speedway track qualifying record driving in a USAC Champ Car race at 173.210 mph.[59] The Champ Cars would not return to the track. The one-lap record held until 1964 when Paul Goldsmith finally broke it in a NASCAR stock car with a speed of 174.910 mph.[29]
1969: David Pearson (190.029 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[37]
1976: A. J. Foyt (185.943 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[38]
1980: A. J. Foyt (195.020 mph) was the fastest qualifier again.[39]
1983: On his first of two qualifying laps, Cale Yarborough ran a lap of 200.503 mph, a new track record, and the first 200 mph lap (320 km/h) in Daytona history. On the second lap, however, gusty winds caused him to spin, flip over, and crash in turn 4. The car had to be withdrawn, and the lap did not count. Yarborough started a backup car on race day, and was moved to the rear of the field.[60] Ricky Rudd was credited with the fastest qualifying speed at 198.864 mph.[40]
1990: Pole winner Ken Schrader crashed during the Budweiser Duel, and was required to start a back-up car on race day. His car was moved to the rear of the field, and duel winner Geoff Bodine moved up to the pole position.[42]
2003: Starting with the 2002 Subway 400 at Rockingham (the race after the 2002 Daytona 500), teams were not permitted to change engines during the race week. For the Daytona 500, a team must race their qualifying race with the same engine they used to qualify. An engine change between first qualifying practice and the qualifying race means the team must start in the back for that race only. After the qualifying races, teams will be allowed one engine change before the start of the final Daytona 500 practices on the Saturday before the race. The engine in the car for the Saturday practices before the Daytona 500 is the declared engine, with any engine change after the first Daytona 500 practice that occurs after the qualifying race will be penalized with the team being sent to the rear of the field. As is the case for a backup car after a crash, the respective column of cars moves up when the offending car is moved to the back. This is the first Daytona 500 with the new engine rule.
2004: Greg Biffle won his first Nextel Cup Series pole but changed engines after final Daytona 500 practice the Saturday before the race. This moved the inside column of cars up, and Dale Earnhardt Jr. started first and won the race.[47]
2011: Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the Coors Light Pole Award, but crashed in Wednesday practice. Although a backup car was implemented and Earnhardt started in the rear for the first Duel, he also was moved to the rear for the Daytona 500 under an oddity in Daytona 500 qualifying rules. Drivers who switch to backup cars after incidents in Wednesday practice do not have to move to the back for the Daytona 500 if the car raced in the Duel is the same car for the 500, unless it is one of the front row qualifying cars. Kurt Busch, who won the first Duel, started first.
2015: Starting with 2014 The Profit on CNBC 500 the next week at Phoenix, multiple-round knockout qualifying, used in many codes of motorsport, was implemented. The knockout format was used for the first time at the Daytona 500, using the old restrictor plate qualifying format (three five-minute rounds, with the first round split evenly between cars, each having a five-minute round, top 24 advance to the second round, top 12 advancing to the final round). Six drivers were faster than pole speed in Q1, and three drivers (including eventual pole winner Jeff Gordon) were faster than the pole speed in Q2. The pole time was set in Q3. Aric Almirola (44.473 seconds/202.370 mph (325.683 km/h)) was the fastest qualifier, but the time was set in Q1; he finished 15th in Q2 (originally 17th, but moved up after two post-Q3 disqualifications) and did not advance to Q3.
2016: Starting with the 2015 GEICO 500 at Talladega, one-lap single car qualifying was used on plate tracks. After the round was completed, the top 12 cars advance to Q2, where the drivers take one more timed lap. The two drivers with the fastest laps in Q2 start first and second, respectively, in the Daytona 500.

tag: ul

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Multiple Daytona 500 pole winners[edit]

text:
4 pole positions

Buddy Baker (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980)[29]
Cale Yarborough (1968, 1970, 1978, 1984)[29]
Bill Elliott (1985, 1986, 1987, 2001)[29]

3 pole positions

Fireball Roberts (1961, 1962, 1963)[29]
Ken Schrader (1988, 1989, 1990)[29]
Dale Jarrett (1995, 2000, 2005)[28]

2 pole positions

Donnie Allison (1975, 1977)[29]
Jimmie Johnson (2002, 2008)[28]
Jeff Gordon (1999, 2015)
Chase Elliott (2016, 2017)

text: Consecutive Daytona 500 pole winners[edit]

text:
3 consecutive

Fireball Roberts (1961–1963)[29]
Bill Elliott (1985–1987)
Ken Schrader (1988–1990)

2 consecutive

Buddy Baker (1979–1980)
Chase Elliott (2016–2017)

text: Family Daytona 500 pole winner combos[edit]

text:
Bobby Allison (1981), Donnie Allison (1975, 1977) (Brother of Bobby), and Davey Allison (1991) (Son of Bobby)
Dale Earnhardt (1996) (Father) and Dale Earnhardt Jr. (2011) (Son)
Richard Petty (1966) (Father) and Kyle Petty (1993) (Son)
Bill Elliott (1985–87, 2001) (Father) and Chase Elliott (2016–2017) (Son)

text: Daytona 500 winners from pole position[edit]

text:
1962 - Fireball Roberts[29]
1966 - Richard Petty
1968, 1984 - Cale Yarborough
1980 - Buddy Baker
1985, 1987 - Bill Elliott
1999 - Jeff Gordon
2000 - Dale Jarrett

text: Television broadcasts[edit]

text: The very first NASCAR races to ever be shown on television were broadcast by CBS. In February 1960, CBS sent a "skeleton" production crew to Daytona Beach, Florida and the Daytona International Speedway to cover the Daytona 500's Twin 100 (now the Can-Am Duels) qualifying races on February 12, 1960.[61] The production crew also stayed to broadcast portions of the Daytona 500 itself, two days later. The event was hosted by John S. Palmer. CBS would continue to broadcast portions of races for the next 18 years, along with ABC and NBC.[62]


document_title: List of Super Bowl halftime shows

question_text: who played super bowl halftime show last year

text: List of Super Bowl halftime shows

text: Background[edit]

text: During most of the Super Bowl's first decade, the halftime show featured a college marching band. The show's second decade featured a more varied show, often featuring drill teams and other performance ensembles; the group Up with People produced and starred in four of the performances. The middle of the third decade, in an effort to counter other networks' efforts to counterprogram the game,[7] saw the introduction of popular music acts such as New Kids on the Block, Gloria Estefan, Michael Jackson, Clint Black, Patti LaBelle, and Tony Bennett. Starting with Super Bowl XXXII, commercial sponsors presented the halftime show; within five years, the tradition of having a theme—begun with Super Bowl III—ended, replaced by major music productions by arena rock bands and other high-profile acts. In the six years immediately following an incident at Super Bowl XXXVIII where Justin Timberlake exposed one of Janet Jackson's breasts in an alleged "wardrobe malfunction", all of the halftime shows consisted of a performance by one artist or group, with the musicians in that era primarily being rock artists from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. These shows were considered "family friendly" and the time in which they took place has been described as "the age of reactionary halftime shows.[8] Since Super Bowl XLV, the halftime show has returned to featuring popular contemporary musicians, with the typical format featuring a single headline artist collaborating with a small number of guest acts.

text: The NFL does not pay the halftime show performers an appearance fee, though it covers all expenses for the performers and their entourage of band members management, technical crew, security personnel, family, and friends.[9] Super Bowl XXVII halftime show with Michael Jackson provided an exception, as the NFL and Frito-Lay agreed to make a donation and provide commercial time for Jackson's Heal the World Foundation.[10][11][12][11] According to Nielsen SoundScan data, the halftime performers regularly experience significant spikes in weekly album sales and paid digital downloads due to the exposure.[13] For Super Bowl XLIX, it was reported by the Wall Street Journal that league officials asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made after the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an NFL spokeswoman, the request had, according to the Journal, received a "chilly" response from those involved.[14][15]

text: History[edit]

text: The following is a list of the performers, producers, themes, and sponsors for each Super Bowl game's show.

text:
Super Bowl
Show details

I

Date: Jan 15, 1967
Location: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (University Park, Los Angeles, California)
Performers: University of Arizona Symphonic Marching Band & Grambling State University Marching Band, Al Hirt, Anaheim High School Drill Team and Flag Girls
Producer: Tommy Walker
Setlist: "The Liberty Bell" (The University of Arizona Symphonic Marching Band)
References:[16][17][18]

II

Date: Jan 14, 1968
Location: Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida)
Performers: Grambling State University Marching Band
References:[16]

III

Date: Jan 12, 1969
Location: Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida)
Theme: America Thanks
Performers: Florida A&M University and Miami area High School Bands
References:[16]

text:
Super Bowl
Show details

IV

Date: Jan 11, 1970
Lon: Tulane Stadium (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Tribute to Mardi Gras
Performers: Marguerite Piazza, Doc Severinsen, Al Hirt, Lionel Hampton Southern University Marching Band
References:[16]
Setlist:

"When the Saints Go Marching In"

V

Date: Jan 17, 1971
Location: Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida)
Performers: Southeast Missouri State Marching Band
References:[16][19]

VI

Date: Jan 16, 1972
Location: Tulane Stadium (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Salute to Louis Armstrong
Performers: Ella Fitzgerald, Carol Channing, Al Hirt, USAFA Cadet Chorale, & U.S. Marine Corps Drill Team
Producer: Jim Skinner
References:[16][20]
Setlist:

"Mack the Knife" (Ella Fitzgerald and Al Hirt)

VII

Date: Jan 14, 1973
Location: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (University Park, Los Angeles, California)
Theme: Happiness Is
Performers: University of Michigan Marching Band & Woody Herman & Andy Williams
Producer: Tommy Walker
References:[16][21][22]
Setlist: (partial)

"Put on a Happy Face" (University of Michigan Marching Band)
"La Virgen de la Macarena" (University of Michigan Marching Band)
"This Land Is Your Land" (University of Michigan Marching Band)
"Marmalade, Molasses & Honey" (Andy Williams)
"People" (Andy Williams)

VIII

Date: Jan 13, 1974
Location: Rice Stadium (Houston, Texas)
Theme: A Musical America
Performers: University of Texas Longhorn Band and Judy Mallett (Miss Texas 1973) on fiddle
Producer: Jim Skinner
References:[16]

IX

Date: Jan 12, 1975
Location: Tulane Stadium (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Tribute to Duke Ellington
Performers: Mercer Ellington & Grambling State University Marching Bands
Producer: Jim Skinner
References:[16][18]

X

Date: Jan 18, 1976
Location: Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida)
Theme: 200 Years and Just a Baby: A Tribute to America's Bicentennial
Performer: Up with People
References:[16][23]

XI

Date: Jan 9, 1977
Location: Rose Bowl (Pasadena, California)
Theme: It's a Small World
Performers: Los Angeles Unified All-City Band & Audience card stunt
Producer: The Walt Disney Company
References:[16]

XII

Date: Jan 15, 1978
Location: Louisiana Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: From Paris to Paris of America
Performers: Tyler Apache Belles Drill Team, and Apache Band Pete Fountain & Al Hirt
References:[16]

XIII

Date: Jan 21, 1979
Location: Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida)
Theme: Salute to Caribbean
Performers: Ken Hamilton, various Caribbean bands including Grammacks out of Dominica
Producer: Bob Jani
Sponsor: Carnival
References:[16]

text:
Super Bowl
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XIV

Date: Jan 20, 1980
Location: Rose Bowl (Pasadena, California)
Theme: A Salute to the Big Band Era
Performers: Up with People, Grambling State University Marching Bands
References:[16][23]

XV

Date: Jan 25, 1981
Location: Louisiana Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Mardi Gras Festival
Performers: Southern University Marching Band, Helen O'Connell
Producer: Jim Skinner
References:[16]

XVI

Date: Jan 24, 1982
Location: Pontiac Silverdome (Pontiac, Michigan)
Theme: Salute to the 1960s and Motown
Performer: Up with People
References:[16][23]

XVII

Date: Jan 30, 1983
Location: Rose Bowl (Pasadena, California)
Theme: KaleidoSUPERscope
Performer: Los Angeles Super Drill Team
Producer: Bob Jani
References:[16]

XVIII

Date: Jan 22, 1984
Location: Tampa Stadium (Tampa, Florida)
Theme: Salute to Superstars of Silver Screen
Performers: University of Florida and Florida State University Marching Bands
Producer: The Walt Disney Company
Setlist:[16]

Introduction by Phyllis George
"Hooray for Hollywood"
"You Oughta Be in Pictures"
"Steppin' Out with My Baby"
"Puttin' on the Ritz"
"42nd Street"
"When You Wish Upon a Star"

XIX

Date: Jan 20, 1985
Location: Stanford Stadium (Stanford, California)
Theme: World of Children's Dreams
Performer: Tops In Blue
Producer: Air Force Entertainment
References:[16]

XX

Date: Jan 26, 1986
Location: Louisiana Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Beat of the Future
Performer: Up with People
References:[16][23]

XXI

Date: Jan 25, 1987
Location: Rose Bowl (Pasadena, California)
Theme: Salute to Hollywood's 100th Anniversary - The World of Make Believe
Performers: George Burns, Mickey Rooney, Grambling State University and USC Marching Bands, Disney characters, Southern California-area high school drill teams and dancers
Producer: The Walt Disney Company
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Ghost Riders in the Sky"
Theme songs from Bonanza, Indiana Jones, and Footloose
Hoedown song
"Cheek to Cheek"
"What a Feeling" (Theme from Flashdance)
"That's Entertainment"
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
"When You Wish Upon a Star"

XXII

Date: Jan 31, 1988
Location: Jack Murphy Stadium (San Diego, California)
Theme: Something Grand
Performers: Chubby Checker, The Rockettes, 88 grand pianos, and the combined San Diego State University Marching Aztecs and USC Marching Bands
Producer: Radio City Music Hall
References:[16][17]

XXIII

Date: Jan 22, 1989
Location: Joe Robbie Stadium (Miami Gardens, Florida)
Theme: 1950's Rock and Roll (Be Bop Bamboozled in 3-D)
Performers: Elvis Presto, South Florida-area dancers and performers
Producer: MagicCom Entertainment, Dan Witkowski
Sponsor: Diet Coke
Setlist:

Introduction by Bob Costas and 3-D commercial for Diet Coke
"Rock This Town"
audience participation card trick
"Tutti Frutti"
"Do You Love Me"
"Devil with a Blue Dress On"
"Great Balls of Fire"
"Greased Lightnin'"
"True Love"

References:[16][24]

text:
Super Bowl
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XXIV

Date: Jan 28, 1990
Location: Louisiana Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Salute to New Orleans & 40th Anniversary of Peanuts
Performers: Pete Fountain, Doug Kershaw, Irma Thomas, Nicholls State University Marching Band, Southern University Marching Band, USL Marching Band
Producer: Select Productions
References:
Setlist:

"(Up A) Lazy River"
"Waiting For The Robert E. Lee"
"Here Comes the Showboat"
"When the Saints Go Marching In" (Pete Fountain on clarinet)
"Happy Birthday to You"

XXV

Date: Jan 27, 1991
Location: Tampa Stadium (Tampa, Florida)
Theme: Small World Tribute to 25 Years of the Super Bowl
Performers: New Kids on the Block (NKOTB), Disney characters, Warren Moon, 2,000 local children, audience card stunt
Producer: The Walt Disney Company
Sponsor: Walt Disney World and Coca-Cola
References:[16]
Setlist:

"It's a Small World After All"/ "We Are the World"/ "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing" (children)
"Step by Step" (NKOTB)
"This One's For The Children" (NKOTB and children)
"It's a Small World After All" (children)

Notes: The airing of this halftime show was delayed until after the conclusion of the game due to ABC News coverage of Operation Desert Storm

XXVI

Date: Jan 26, 1992
Location: Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Theme: Winter Magic, salute to 1992 Winter Olympics
Performers: Gloria Estefan, Olympic Figure skaters Brian Boitano and Dorothy Hamill, members of the 1980 US Olympic Hockey Team, and the University of Minnesota Marching Band
Producer: Timberline Productions
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Winter Magic"
"Walking in a Winter Wonderland"
"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy"
"Frosty" (University of Minnesota Marching Band)
"One Moment in Time" (featuring Brian Boitano and Dorthy Hamill)
"Don't Stop Me Now" (featuring members of the 1980 US Olympic Hockey Team)
"Live for Loving You" (Gloria Estefan)
"Get on Your Feet" (Gloria Estefan)

Notes: During the halftime, rival network Fox aired a special live episode of In Living Color, one of the first deliberate attempts at counter-programming. The show drew over 22 million viewers away from the Super Bowl telecast.[citation needed] In mid-1992, citing this, Select Productions pitched the concept of exclusively featuring live concert-type performances from top contemporary musical artists.[citation needed] The concept and pitch is attributed to Select Productions' employee Rick Lewis and prompted the change of the 1993 halftime show to showcase Michael Jackson.[citation needed]

XXVII

Main article: Super Bowl XXVII halftime show

Date: Jan 31, 1993
Location: Rose Bowl (Pasadena, California)
Performer: Michael Jackson
Producer: Radio City, Scott Sanders and Don Mischer Productions
References:[16][17]
Setlist:

"Jam" (M. Jackson)
"Billie Jean" (M. Jackson)
"Black or White" (M. Jackson)
"We Are the World" (children's choir)
"Heal the World" (M. Jackson)

Notes: This halftime performance increased the TV ratings by a significant amount. It has been claimed to be one of the most watched events in American television history. After 1993, the NFL made a deliberate effort to attract top performers for the halftime shows.[25]

XXVIII

Date: Jan 30, 1994
Location: Georgia Dome (Atlanta, Georgia)
Theme: Rockin' Country Sunday
Performers: Clint Black, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, The Judds
Producer: Select Productions
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Tuckered Out" (Clint Black)
"It's a Little Too Late" (Tanya Tucker)
"T-R-O-U-B-L-E" (Travis Tritt)
"No One Else on Earth" (Wynonna Judd)
"Love Can Build a Bridge" (The Judds, joined by the other artists and special guests for the final verse)

Notes: Travis Tritt of Atlanta, joined several other artists in history to perform in the halftime show in his own hometown. The special guests for the finale included: Stevie Wonder, Ashley Judd, Lisa Hartman Black, The Georgia Satellites, Joe Namath, Elijah Wood, and Charlie Daniels.

XXIX

Date: Jan 29, 1995
Location: Joe Robbie Stadium (Miami Gardens, Florida)
Theme: Indiana Jones and the Temple of the Forbidden Eye
Performers: Patti Labelle, Indiana Jones & Marion Ravenwood, Teddy Pendergrass, Tony Bennett, Arturo Sandoval, Miami Sound Machine
Producer: The Walt Disney Company
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Release Yourself" (Patti Labelle)
"Caravan" (Tony Bennett, Arturo Sandoval and Miami Sound Machine)
"New Attitude" (Patti Labelle)
"Can You Feel The Love Tonight" (Patti Labelle and Tony Bennett)

XXX

Date: Jan 28, 1996
Location: Sun Devil Stadium (Tempe, Arizona)
Theme: Take Me Higher: A Celebration of 30 Years of the Super Bowl
Performer: Diana Ross
Producer: Radio City Music Hall
Sponsor: Oscar Mayer
References:[16][17]
Setlist: A medley of the following songs:

"Stop In The Name Of Love"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
"Baby Love"
"You Can't Hurry Love"
"Why Do Fools Fall in Love"
"Chain Reaction"
"Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)"
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough"
"I Will Survive"
"Take Me Higher"

XXXI

Date: Jan 26, 1997
Location: Louisiana Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Blues Brothers Bash
Performers: The Blues Brothers (Dan Aykroyd, John Goodman and James Belushi), ZZ Top, James Brown, Catherine Crier ("news" intro)
Producer: Select Productions, Radio City, House of Blues
Sponsor: Oscar Mayer
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" (The Blues Brothers)
"Soul Man" (The Blues Brothers)
"I Got You (I Feel Good)" (James Brown)
"Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine" (James Brown)
"Tush" (ZZ Top)
"Legs" (ZZ Top)
"Gimme Some Lovin'" (all performers joined together)

XXXII

Date: Jan 25, 1998
Location: Qualcomm Stadium (San Diego, California)
Theme: Salute to Motown's 40th Anniversary
Performers: Boyz II Men, Smokey Robinson, Martha Reeves, The Temptations, Queen Latifah, Grambling State University Marching Band
Producer: Radio City Music Hall
Sponsor: Royal Caribbean International & Celebrity Cruises
References:[16][17][18][26]
Setlist:

"Get Ready" (The Temptations)
"I Can't Help Myself" (The Temptations)
"The Tracks of My Tears" (Smokey Robinson)
"My Girl" (The Temptations with Smokey Robinson)
"Heat Wave" (Martha and the Vandellas)
"Paper" (Queen Latifah)
"Motownphilly" (Boyz II Men)
"A Song for Mama" (Boyz II Men)
"Dancing in the Street" (all artists joined by GSU Marching Band)

XXXIII

Date: Jan 31, 1999
Location: Pro Player Stadium (Miami Gardens, Florida)
Theme: Celebration of Soul, Salsa and Swing
Performers: Gloria Estefan, Stevie Wonder, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, Savion Glover
Producer: Radio City Music Hall
Sponsor: Progressive Auto Insurance
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Go Daddy O" (Big Bad Voodoo Daddy)
"Sir Duke" (Stevie Wonder)
"You Are The Sunshine Of My Life" (Stevie Wonder)
"I Wish" (Stevie Wonder)
"Oye!" (Gloria Estefan)
"Turn The Beat Around" (Gloria Estefan)
"You'll Be Mine (Party Time)/Another Star/My Cherie Amour" (Gloria Estefan and Stevie Wonder)

text:
Super Bowl
Show details

XXXIV

Date: Jan 30, 2000
Location: Georgia Dome (Atlanta, Georgia)
Theme: Tapestry of Nations
Performers: Phil Collins, Christina Aguilera, Enrique Iglesias, Toni Braxton, 80-person choir, Edward James Olmos (narrator)
Producer: Disney
Sponsor: E-Trade
References:[16][27]
Setlist:

"Reflections of Earth" Instrumental (Walt Disney World Millennium Celebration soundtrack)
"Celebrate the Future Hand in Hand" (Christina Aguilera & Enrique Iglesias)
"Tapestry of Nations" Instrumental (Walt Disney World Millennium Celebration soundtrack)
"Two Worlds" (Phil Collins)
"We Go On" (Toni Braxton)

XXXV

Date: Jan 28, 2001
Location: Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Florida)
Theme: The Kings of Rock and Pop
Performers: Aerosmith, 'N Sync, Britney Spears, Mary J. Blige, Nelly
Producer: MTV
Sponsor: E-Trade
References:[16][17]
Setlist:

Pre-recorded intro sketch with Ben Stiller, Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Aerosmith, and 'N Sync
"Bye Bye Bye" ('N Sync)
"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" (Aerosmith)
"It's Gonna Be Me ('N Sync)
"Jaded" (Aerosmith)
"Walk This Way" (Aerosmith, 'N Sync, Britney Spears, Mary J. Blige, Nelly)

XXXVI

Date: Feb 3, 2002
Location: Louisiana Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Theme: Tribute to those killed in the September 11 attacks
Performer: U2
Producer: Clear Channel Entertainment
Sponsor: E-Trade
References:[16][17]
Setlist:

"Beautiful Day"
"MLK"
"Where the Streets Have No Name"

XXXVII

Date: Jan 26, 2003
Location: Qualcomm Stadium (San Diego, California)
Performers: Shania Twain, No Doubt, Sting
Producer: Jimmy Iovine and Joel Gallen
Sponsor: AT&T Wireless
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Man! I Feel like a Woman!" (Shania Twain)
"Up!" (Shania Twain)
"Just a Girl" (No Doubt)
"Message in a Bottle" (Sting with No Doubt)

XXXVIII

Date: Feb 1, 2004
Location: Reliant Stadium (Houston, Texas)
Theme: Choose or Lose
Performers: Jessica Simpson, the Spirit of Houston from the University of Houston, and the Ocean of Soul of Texas Southern University marching bands, Janet Jackson, P. Diddy, Nelly, Kid Rock and Justin Timberlake
Producer: MTV
Sponsor: AOL TopSpeed
References:[16][17]
Setlist:[28]

'Choose to Party!' Intro (Jessica Simpson)
Marching bands
"All for You" (Janet Jackson)
"Bad Boy for Life" (P. Diddy)
"Diddy" to the tune of "Mickey" (P. Diddy)
"Hot in Herre" (Nelly),
"Mo Money Mo Problems" (P. Diddy)
"Bawitdaba" (Kid Rock),
"Cowboy" (Kid Rock)
"Rhythm Nation" (Janet Jackson)
"Rock Your Body" (Justin Timberlake with Janet Jackson)

Further information: Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy

XXXIX

Date: Feb 6, 2005
Location: Alltel Stadium (Jacksonville, Florida)
Performer: Paul McCartney
Producer: Don Mischer Productions
Sponsor: Ameriquest Mortgage
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Drive My Car"
"Get Back"
"Live and Let Die"
"Hey Jude"

XL

Date: Feb 5, 2006
Location: Ford Field (Detroit, Michigan)
Performer: The Rolling Stones
Producer: Don Mischer Production
Sponsor: Sprint Nextel
References:[16][17]
Setlist:

"Start Me Up"
"Rough Justice"
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"

XLI

Date: Feb 4, 2007
Location: Dolphin Stadium (Miami Gardens, Florida)
Performers: Prince, Florida A&M University Marching 100 Band
Producer: Don Mischer Productions and White Cherry Entertainment
Sponsor: Pepsi
References:[16][17]
Setlist:

"We Will Rock You" (Intro)
"Let's Go Crazy"
"Baby I'm a Star"
"Proud Mary"
"All Along the Watchtower"
"Best of You"
"Purple Rain"

XLII

Date: Feb 3, 2008
Location: University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, Arizona)
Performer: Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers
Producer: Don Mischer Productions and White Cherry Entertainment
Sponsor: Bridgestone
References:[16]
Setlist:

"American Girl"
"I Won't Back Down"
"Free Fallin'"
"Runnin' Down a Dream"

XLIII

Date: Feb 1, 2009
Location: Raymond James Stadium (Tampa, Florida)
Performers: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
Producer: Don Mischer Productions and White Cherry Entertainment
Sponsor: Bridgestone
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out"
"Born to Run"
"Working on a Dream"
"Glory Days"

text:
Super Bowl
Show details

XLIV

Date: Feb 7, 2010
Location: Sun Life Stadium (Miami Gardens, Florida)
Performer: The Who
Producer: White Cherry Entertainment
Sponsor: Bridgestone
References:[16]
Setlist:

"Pinball Wizard"
"Baba O'Riley"
"Who Are You"
"See Me, Feel Me"
"Won't Get Fooled Again"

XLV

Date: Feb 6, 2011
Location: Cowboys Stadium (Arlington, Texas)
Performers: The Black Eyed Peas, Usher, Slash, Dallas/Ft. Worth-area area high school drill teams and dancers
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Sponsor: Bridgestone
References:[16]
Setlist:[29]

"I Gotta Feeling" (The Black Eyed Peas)
"Boom Boom Pow" (The Black Eyed Peas)
"Sweet Child O' Mine" (Slash & Fergie)
"Pump It" (The Black Eyed Peas)
"Let's Get It Started" (The Black Eyed Peas)
"OMG" (Usher & will.i.am)
"Where Is The Love?" (The Black Eyed Peas)
"The Time (Dirty Bit)" with "I Gotta Feeling" reprise (The Black Eyed Peas)

XLVI

Main article: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show

Date: Feb 5, 2012
Location: Lucas Oil Stadium (Indianapolis, Indiana)
Performers: Madonna, LMFAO,[30] Cirque du Soleil,[31] Nicki Minaj,[32] M.I.A.,[33] Cee Lo Green,[30] Andy Lewis,[34] Avon High School Drumline, Center Grove High School Drumline, Fishers High School Drumline, Franklin Central High School Drumline, Southern University Dancing Dolls, 200 Person Choir consisting of Indianapolis locals
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Sponsor: Bridgestone
Setlist:[30]

"Vogue" (Madonna)
"Music" / "Party Rock Anthem" / "Sexy and I Know It" (Madonna with LMFAO)
"Give Me All Your Luvin'" (Madonna with Nicki Minaj and M.I.A.)
"Open Your Heart" / "Express Yourself" (Madonna with Cee Lo Green)
"Like a Prayer" (Madonna with Cee Lo Green)

XLVII

Main article: Super Bowl XLVII halftime show

Date: Feb 3, 2013
Location: Mercedes-Benz Superdome (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Performers: Beyoncé, Destiny's Child
Producer: Ricky Kirshner[35]
Director: Hamish Hamilton[35]
Sponsor: Pepsi
References:[36]
Setlist:

"Run The World (Girls)" (Intro) / Vince Lombardi "Excellence" speech voiceover
"Love on Top" (chorus a cappella) (Beyoncé)
"Crazy in Love" (Beyoncé)
"End of Time" (Beyoncé)
"Baby Boy" (Beyoncé)
"Bootylicious" (Destiny's Child)
"Independent Women Part I" (Destiny's Child)
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" (Beyoncé featuring Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams)
"Halo" (Beyoncé)

XLVIII

Main article: Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show

Date: Feb 2, 2014
Location: MetLife Stadium (East Rutherford, New Jersey)
Performers: Bruno Mars, Red Hot Chili Peppers
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Director: Hamish Hamilton
Sponsor: Pepsi
References:[37]
Setlist:

"Billionaire" (Intro) (children's choir)
"Locked Out of Heaven" (Bruno Mars)
"Treasure" (Bruno Mars)
"Runaway Baby" (Bruno Mars)
"Give It Away" (Red Hot Chili Peppers with Bruno Mars)
"Just the Way You Are" (Bruno Mars)

XLIX

Main article: Super Bowl XLIX halftime show

Date: Feb 1, 2015
Location: University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, Arizona)
Performers: Katy Perry, Lenny Kravitz, Missy Elliott, and Arizona State University Sun Devil Marching Band
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Director: Hamish Hamilton
Sponsor: Pepsi
References:[38][39][40]
Setlist:

"Roar" (Katy Perry)
"Dark Horse" (Katy Perry)
"I Kissed a Girl" (Lenny Kravitz and Katy Perry)
"Teenage Dream" (Katy Perry)
"California Gurls" (Katy Perry)
"Get Ur Freak On" (Missy Elliott and Katy Perry)
"Work It" (Missy Elliott and Katy Perry)
"Lose Control" (Missy Elliott)
"Firework" (Katy Perry)

50

Main article: Super Bowl 50 halftime show

Date: Feb 7, 2016
Location: Levi's Stadium (Santa Clara, California)
Performers: Coldplay, Beyoncé, Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, Gustavo Dudamel, University of California Marching Band and Youth Orchestra L.A.
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Director: Hamish Hamilton
Sponsor: Pepsi
References:[41][42][43][44][45]
Setlist:[46]

"Yellow" (intro a cappella) (Coldplay)
"Viva la Vida" (Coldplay)
"Paradise" (Coldplay)
"Adventure of a Lifetime" (Coldplay)
"Uptown Funk" (Mark Ronson & Bruno Mars)
"Formation" (Beyoncé)
"Crazy In Love"/"Uptown Funk" (Beyoncé, Bruno Mars)
"Clocks" (instrumental) (Coldplay)
"Fix You"/"Up & Up" (Coldplay, Beyoncé and Bruno Mars)

LI

Main article: Super Bowl LI halftime show

Date: Feb 5, 2017
Location: NRG Stadium (Houston, Texas)
Performer: Lady Gaga
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Director: Hamish Hamilton
Sponsor: Pepsi Zero Sugar
References:[47][48]
Setlist:

"God Bless America"/"This Land Is Your Land"
"Poker Face"
"Born This Way"
"Telephone"
"Just Dance"
"Million Reasons"
"Bad Romance"

LII

Main article: Super Bowl LII halftime show

Date: Feb 4, 2018
Location: U.S. Bank Stadium (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Performer: Justin Timberlake and the Tennessee Kids, University of Minnesota Marching Band
Producer: Ricky Kirshner
Director: Hamish Hamilton
Sponsor: Pepsi
References: [49][50][51][52][53]
Setlist:

"Filthy"
"Rock Your Body"
"Señorita"
"SexyBack"
"My Love"
"Cry Me a River"
"Suit & Tie" (Featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band)
"Until the End of Time"
"I Would Die 4 U" (Pre-recorded video of Prince (displayed on a projection screen) with Justin Timberlake)
"Mirrors"
"Can't Stop the Feeling!"

text: Details on specific shows[edit]

text: Super Bowl XXXVI[edit]

text: U2 performed 3 songs: "Beautiful Day," "MLK," and "Where the Streets Have No Name." During the beginning of "MLK" and continuing until the end of "Where The Streets Have No Name," a large banner behind the band displayed the names of all the people who lost their lives on the September 11 attacks. Bono ended the song by opening up his jacket, the inside of which displayed the American flag.

text: Super Bowl XL[edit]

text: For The Rolling Stones, the stage was in the form of the group's iconic tongue logo (John Pasche's "Cunning Linguist" first used in 1971 on their Sticky Fingers album). It was the largest stage ever assembled for a Super Bowl halftime show, with 28 separate pieces assembled in five minutes by a 600-member volunteer stage crew. The group performed three songs: "Start Me Up," "Rough Justice," and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction." The show was viewed by 89.9 million people, more than the audiences for the Oscars, Grammys and Emmy Awards combined.[54] In the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy with Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake, ABC and the NFL imposed a five-second delay and censored lyrics considered too sexually explicit in the first two songs by briefly turning off Mick Jagger's microphone—censoring to which the group had previously agreed.[55] However, the choice of The Rolling Stones sparked controversy in the Detroit community because the band did not represent the traditional Detroit "Motown Sound," and no artists from the area were included.[56]


document_title: List of Philadelphia Eagles seasons

question_text: when was the last time the eagles went to playoffs

text: List of Philadelphia Eagles seasons

text: This article is a list of seasons completed by the Philadelphia Eagles, a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles are a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) East division in the National Football League (NFL). This article documents the season-by-season records of the Eagles’ franchise from 1933 to present, including postseason records, as well as league awards for individual players or head coaches. The Philadelphia Eagles won their 500th game on Sunday, October 26, 2008 over the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 27–14. They were the seventh NFL team to accomplish this feat and the first since the San Francisco 49ers defeated the St. Louis Rams in week 16 of the 2005 NFL season. They are also the first team in the NFC East to accomplish this feat since the Washington Redskins defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 8 of the 2000 NFL season. As of 2017, the Eagles have never lost a game to the New York Jets (10–0) or the Houston Texans (4–0).

text: The Eagles have won four league titles. Three of these were won prior to the start of the Super Bowl era (in 1948, 1949, and 1960). The fourth and most recent championship was won in Super Bowl LII.

text: Season records[edit]

text:
NFL Champions (1920–1969)
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth
One-Game Playoff Berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Playoffs
Awards/Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

Philadelphia Eagles

1933
1933
NFL

East
4th
3
5
1
—
Lud Wray

1934
1934
NFL

East
T-3rd
4
7
0
—
Lud Wray

1935
1935
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
—
Lud Wray (9-21-1)

1936
1936
NFL

East
5th
1
11
0
—
Bert Bell

1937
1937
NFL

East
5th
2
8
1
—
Bert Bell

1938
1938
NFL

East
4th
5
6
0
—
Bert Bell

1939
1939
NFL

East
T-4th
1
9
1
—
Bert Bell

1940
1940
NFL

East
5th
1
10
0
—
Bert Bell (10-44-2)

1941
1941
NFL

East
4th
2
8
1
—
Greasy Neale

1942
1942
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
—
Greasy Neale†

Steagles

1943
1943
NFL

East
3rd
5
4
1
—
Greasy Neale†

Philadelphia Eagles

1944
1944
NFL

East
2nd
7
1
2
—
Greasy Neale†

1945
1945
NFL

East
2nd
7
3
0
—
Greasy Neale†

1946
1946
NFL

East
2nd
6
5
0
—
Greasy Neale†

1947
1947
NFL

East
1st
8
4
0
Won Eastern Divisional Playoff (at Steelers) 21–0
Lost NFL Championship (at Cardinals) 21–28
Greasy Neale†

1948
1948
NFL

East
1st
9
2
1
Won NFL Championship (1) (Cardinals) 7–0
Greasy Neale†

1949
1949
NFL

East
1st
11
1
0
Won NFL Championship (2) (at Rams) 14–0
Greasy Neale†

1950
1950
NFL
American

T3rd
6
6
0
—
Greasy Neale† (66-44-5)

1951
1951
NFL
American

5th
4
8
0
—
Bo McMillin (2-0)
Wayne Millner (2-8)

1952
1952
NFL
American

T-2nd
7
5
0
—
Jim Trimble

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

2nd
7
4
1
—
Jim Trimble

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

2nd
7
4
1
—
Jim Trimble

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

T-4th
4
7
1
—
Jim Trimble (25-20-3)

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

6th
3
8
1
—
Hugh Devore

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

5th
4
8
0
—
Hugh Devore (7-16-1)

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

T-5th
2
9
1
—
Buck Shaw

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd
7
5
0
—
Buck Shaw

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

1st
10
2
0
Won NFL Championship (3) (Packers) 17–13
Norm Van Brocklin (MVP)
Buck Shaw (COY) (20-16-1)

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

2nd
10
4
0
—
Nick Skorich

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

7th
3
10
1
—
Nick Skorich

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

7th
2
10
2
—
Nick Skorich (15-24-3)

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

T-3rd
6
8
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

T-5th
5
9
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd
9
5
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
2nd
6
7
1
—
Joe Kuharich

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
4th
2
12
0
—
Joe Kuharich (28-41-1)

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
4th
4
9
1
—
Jerry Williams

1970
1970
NFL
NFC
East
5th
3
10
1
—
Jerry Williams

1971
1971
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
6
7
1
—
Jerry Williams (7-22-2)
Ed Khayat

1972
1972
NFL
NFC
East
5th
2
11
1
—
Ed Khayat (8-15-2)

1973
1973
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
5
8
1
—
Mike McCormack

1974
1974
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
7
0
—
Mike McCormack

1975
1975
NFL
NFC
East
5th
4
10
0
—
Mike McCormack (16-25-1)

1976
1976
NFL
NFC
East
4th
4
10
0
—
Dick Vermeil

1977
1977
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
9
0
—
Dick Vermeil

1978
1978
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Falcons) 13–14
Dick Vermeil

1979
1979
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bears) 27–17
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Buccaneers) 17–24
Dick Vermeil

1980
1980
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 31–16
Won NFC Championship (Cowboys) 20–7
Lost Super Bowl XV (vs. Raiders) 10–27
Harold Carmichael (WP MOY)
Dick Vermeil

1981
1981
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Giants) 21–27
Dick Vermeil

1982
1982
NFL
NFC

13th+
3
6
0
—
Dick Vermeil (57-51)

1983
1983
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
11
0
—
Marion Campbell

1984
1984
NFL
NFC
East
5th
6
9
1
—
Marion Campbell

1985
1985
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Marion Campbell (17-29-1)
Fred Bruney (1-0)

1986
1986
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
10
1
—
Buddy Ryan

1987
1987
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
8
0
—
Buddy Ryan
Reggie White (DPOY)

1988
1988
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 12–20
Buddy Ryan

1989
1989
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Rams) 7–21
Buddy Ryan

1990
1990
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Redskins) 6–20
Buddy Ryan (43-38-1)

1991
1991
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
10
6
0
—
Rich Kotite

1992
1992
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Saints) 36–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 10–34
Rich Kotite

1993
1993
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
8
8
0
—
Rich Kotite

1994
1994
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Rich Kotite (37-29)

1995
1995
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Lions) 58–37
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 11–30
Ray Rhodes (COY)

1996
1996
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at 49ers) 0–14
Ray Rhodes

1997
1997
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
6
9
1
—
Ray Rhodes

1998
1998
NFL
NFC
East
5th
3
13
0
—
Ray Rhodes (30-36-1)

1999
1999
NFL
NFC
East
5th
5
11
0
—
Andy Reid

2000
2000
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Buccaneers) 21–3
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Giants) 10–20
Andy Reid

2001
2001
NFL
NFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Buccaneers) 31–9
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 33–19
Lost NFC Championship (at Rams) 24–29
Andy Reid

2002
2002
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Falcons) 20–6
Lost NFC Championship (Buccaneers) 10–27
Andy Reid (COY)
Troy Vincent (WP MOY)

2003
2003
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Packers) 20–17 (OT)
Lost NFC Championship (Panthers) 3–14
Andy Reid

2004
2004
NFL
NFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 27–14
Won NFC Championship (Falcons) 27–10
Lost Super Bowl XXXIX (vs. Patriots) 21–24
Andy Reid

2005
2005
NFL
NFC
East
4th
6
10
0
—
Andy Reid

2006
2006
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Giants) 23–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Saints) 24–27
Andy Reid

2007
2007
NFL
NFC
East
4th
8
8
0
—
Andy Reid

2008
2008
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
9
6
1
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Vikings) 26–14
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Giants) 23–11
Lost NFC Championship (at Cardinals) 25–32
Andy Reid

2009
2009
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Cowboys) 14–34
Andy Reid

2010
2010
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Packers) 16–21
Andy Reid
Michael Vick (CBPOY)

2011
2011
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
8
8
0
—
Andy Reid

2012
2012
NFL
NFC
East
4th
4
12
0
—
Andy Reid (140-102-1)

2013
2013
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Saints) 24–26
Chip Kelly

2014
2014
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
—
Chip Kelly

2015
2015
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
7
9
0
—
Chip Kelly (26-22)
Pat Shurmur (1-0)

2016
2016
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Doug Pederson

2017
2017
NFL
NFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Falcons) 15–10
Won NFC Championship (Vikings) 38–7
Won Super Bowl LII (vs. Patriots) 41–33
Doug Pederson
Nick Foles (SB MVP)

Totals thru February 4, 2018[1]
568
594
26
(1933–2017, regular season)

22
21
–
(1933–2017, playoffs)

590
615
26
(all games, 1933–2017, including NFL playoffs)

text: * = Current standing

text: + = Due to a strike-shortened season in 1982, all teams were ranked by conference instead of division.


document_title: Climate of New Zealand

question_text: what is the average temperature in new zealand

text: Climate of New Zealand

text: Weather[edit]

text: The Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (MetService), established as a State-Owned Enterprise in 1992, issues weather forecasts and official weather warnings.

text: Rainfall[edit]

text: Rainfall is generally plentiful in New Zealand, with most cities receiving between 620 mm or 24 in (as in Christchurch) and 1,317 mm or 51.9 in (Whangarei) of precipitation annually.[2] Rainfall is normally distributed evenly throughout the year in most parts of the country, especially in the South Island. Northern and eastern parts of the country, including Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington see a slight winter maximum consistent with a Mediterranean climate, although the difference between the wettest and driest months is too small to justify the designation. Summer and autumn maxima can be found in places closer to the southwest, such as Invercargill and Milford Sound.

text: How much rain a place receives is highly dependent on topography. The Southern Alps, the North Island Volcanic Plateau and surrounding ranges can produce large variation in rainfalls in places barely tens of kilometres apart. Milford Sound receives over 6,700 mm of the rainfall a year on average while barely 100 km away Alexandra in Central Otago receives only slightly greater than 300 mm annually, giving it a borderline oceanic/semi-arid climate.[3]

text: Snowfall[edit]

text: Snow falls in New Zealand's South Island and at higher altitudes in the North Island. It is extremely rare at sea level in the North Island. It is also extremely rare in Auckland and Wellington with one snowfall each in 2011 after nearly 40 years where none occurred.[4] Snow is more common inland in both main islands, though snow to sea level does occur on average once or twice per year in the central and southern South Island.

text: Temperature[edit]

text: As with many islands in the world, the influence of the ocean curtails any extremes in coastal temperature. The greater temperature ranges are found in the interior of the Canterbury and Southland regions, and especially Central Otago. Central Otago and inland Canterbury's Mackenzie Basin have the closest New Zealand has to continental climates, being generally drier (due in part to föhn winds) and less directly modified by the ocean. These areas can experience summer temperatures in the low 30s °C (high 80s/low 90s °F) and snow and severe frosts in winter, the latter exacerbated by hoar frosts in the river valleys and basins.

text: Many parts of the country, especially in the upper North Island, have high humidity all year round, which can have the effect of it feeling warmer in summer and cooler in winter than the thermometer indicates.

text: Annual mean temperature[edit]

text: Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50 °F) in the south to 16 °C (61 °F) in the north.[5] The coldest month is usually July and the warmest month is usually January or February. Generally there are relatively small variations between summer and winter temperatures. An example of this is Auckland which has a variation of just 9 °C or 16 °F between the average mid-winter high temperature (14.7 °C or 58.5 °F) and average mid-summer high temperature (23.7 °C or 74.7 °F). Temperature variation throughout the day is also relatively small. The exception to this is inland areas and to the east of the ranges with daily variations that can be over 25 °C and differences of up to 14 °C between the average summer and winter high temperatures. Temperatures also drop about 0.7 °C or 1.3 °F for every 100 m of altitude.

text: Northern cities such as Auckland, Whangarei, and Tauranga experience mean yearly maxima of between 19–20 °C (66–68 °F) and mean yearly minima of around 11–12 °C (52–54 °F). Eastern cities on the North Island such as Gisborne, Napier, and Hastings also have mean yearly maxima of between 19–20 °C (66–68 °F) but have slightly lower yearly mean minima of around 9–10 °C (48–50 °F). The two largest cities on the South Island, Christchurch and Dunedin, have mean yearly maxima of 17.3 °C (63.1 °F) and 14.6 °C (58.3 °F) and yearly mean minima of 7.3 °C (45.1 °F) and 7.6 °C (45.7 °F) respectively.

text: Summer[edit]

text: Daily maximum temperatures are normally in the mid to low 20s (°C) over most of the country. They are higher in northern, eastern and interior part of the country; Hastings is the warmest city on average with 25.5 °C followed by Gisborne with 24.9 °C and Napier with 24.5 °C. Eastern parts of the South Island are highly susceptible to the norwester, a Fohn wind which can result in temperatures going into the high 30s and even the low 40s. Rangiora in Canterbury holds the record maximum of 42.4 °C recorded in 1973, with Christchurch recording 41.6 °C in that same year. More recently, Timaru reached 41.3 °C on Waitangi Day in 2011. Due to these winds, the cooler southern cities of Dunedin and Invercargill have higher all-time record temperatures than places further north such as Wellington, Auckland and Whangarei.

text: Winter[edit]

text: Winter temperatures are much milder in New Zealand compared to other areas of similar latitude, with the exception of the Central Otago and Mackenzie Basin regions mentioned above. Maxima are generally 10–15 °C (50–59 °F) in the North Island, decreasing as one goes further south or inland. The South Island is a bit cooler, with maximum temperatures around 7–12 °C (45–54 °F), though sometimes lower. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with a more recent temperature of −21.6 °C (−6.9 °F) recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir.[6]

text: Severe weather events[edit]

text: July 1863 The blizzard and flood of 1863 was a series of consecutive natural disasters in Central Otago in New Zealand's South Island. From July to August 1863 the Otago gold fields suffered from a combination of floods, snowstorms, and blizzards that caused heavy loss of life among the gold miners. At least 40 died during the July rains and more than 11 in the August snows. Sources using the earliest reports of loss of life tend to greatly overstate the numbers who died.[7]

text: 1–6 February 1868: The Great storm of 1868 was a violent storm that swept across much of New Zealand wrecking 12 ships and causing extensive flooding. About 40 lives were known lost and at the time an estimated £500,000 to £1 million worth of damage was caused. The storm is currently thought to have been an extratropical cyclone.

text: 16 April 1897: The storm of 1897 was a severe storm that struck the lower to central North Island of New Zealand on 16 April 1897. It caused the ship Zuleika to run aground near Cape Palliser, with the loss of 12 lives, and severe flooding. At Clive the flooding caused the loss of a further 12 lives and one person was drowned near Kapiti. There were 6 further unconfirmed reports of drowning, bringing the total loss of life directly related to the storm event to between 25 and 31. Based on descriptions of the storm, particularly that of Captain Marten of the Waiapu, it may have been an extratropical cyclone.

text: 2 February 1936: The Cyclone of 1936 was the worst storm of the 20th century in New Zealand.[8]

text: 10 April 1968: Cyclone Giselle caused peak gusts of 145 knots (270 km/h) near Wellington, after colliding with an Antarctic storm moving north. Giselle led to the sinking of the interisland ferry TEV Wahine, and the loss of 53 lives. Total damage caused by the storm was estimated at $14 million.[9]

text: 20 December 1976: Heavy rain caused widespread flooding and landslides in Wellington City and Hutt Valley. Hutt River burst its stopbanks[citation needed] and workers in Petone took refuge on factory roofs while rail links between Wellington city and the Hutt were suspended stranding thousands of commuters. Landslides destroyed houses and a boy was killed by a collapsing wall when a slip struck a hall in Crofton Downs. More than 350 mm of rain fell in 24 hours.[9]

text: March 6–10, 1988: New Zealand is hit by a tropical cyclone once every eight to nine years. Cyclone Bola was one of the costliest cyclones in the history of New Zealand, causing severe damage as an extratropical cyclone when it passed near the country.

text: 4 October 1997: More than 60 homes were flooded and residents in Lower Hutt riverside areas were evacuated during downpours. Two people died, and isolated landslips closed some Wellington roads and parts of State Highway 1.[9]

text: 26 June 1998: A severe thunderstorm affected Karori and Kelburn, with rain breaking all previous records and falling at a rate with a return period of well over 200 years. Rainfall at Kelburn totalled 69.5 mm between 7.35pm and 9.10pm.[9]

text: October 13–27, 1998: Gale force northwesterlies blew throughout the lower North Island. On 18 October, gusts of 183 km/h were recorded at Castlepoint. Winds were most severe on the following two days, when a gust of 215 km/h was recorded on a Wairarapa farm. A truck was overturned, ships ripped from their moorings in Wellington, and some houses lost their roofs.[9]

text: 10 January 2002: Thunderstorms over Wellington resulted in torrential rainfall, about 40 mm in 30 minutes, and flash floods in the city centre. Similar storms, some with hail and surface flooding also happened in Whanganui, Manawatu, the central and eastern North Island, Buller and Nelson. The average recurrence interval of this rainfall event was estimated at more than 100 years.[9]

text: February 14–16, 2004: The Valentine's Day storms left hundreds of people homeless, and silt and floodwaters inundated considerable areas of farmland. Many rivers breached their banks, bridges were damaged and stock was swept away by floodwaters. A civil state of emergency was declared in Whanganui, Manawatu and Rangitikei. About 500 Lower Hutt residents were evacuated because of floodwaters, and many commuters were unable to enter Wellington. The event produced galeforce southerlies, with gusts of 230 km/h in the Tararua Range, and swells of 11m in Cook Strait.[9]

text: July 25 and 14 August, 2011 New Zealand snowstorms: The first severe winter storm brought the coldest winter snap in fifteen years. During August snow fell consistently down to sea level in Wellington for the first time since 1976,[10] and snowflakes even fell for a brief time in Auckland for the first time in 80 years.[10]

text: June 20–21, 2013 New Zealand storm: This extra-tropical system was first felt in the South Island by heavy snowfall on 18 and 19 June. Late on 20 June, the storm pushed northeast to the North Island, bringing very strong winds until early 23 June. Schools were cancelled during the shortest day (21 June), due to massive damage.

text: Statistics[edit]

text: By area[edit]

text:
Auckland

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

75

23
15

65

24
16

94

22
15

105

20
12

103

17
10

139

15
8

146

15
7

121

15
8

116

16
9

91

18
11

93

20
12

91

22
14

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

3

74
60

2.6

75
60

3.7

72
58

4.1

68
54

4.1

63
50

5.5

59
46

5.7

58
45

4.8

59
46

4.6

61
48

3.6

64
51

3.7

67
54

3.6

71
57

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Hamilton

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

85

24
13

71

24
13

87

23
12

95

20
9

102

17
7

119

14
5

126

14
4

117

15
5

102

16
7

96

18
8

93

20
10

95

22
12

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

3.3

75
55

2.8

75
55

3.4

73
54

3.7

68
48

4

63
45

4.7

57
41

5

57
39

4.6

59
41

4

61
45

3.8

64
46

3.7

68
50

3.7

72
54

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Taupo

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

85

23
12

77

23
12

83

21
10

74

18
7

87

14
5

99

12
3

105

11
2

109

12
3

90

14
5

102

17
7

85

19
8

108

21
10

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

3.3

74
53

3

74
53

3.3

70
50

2.9

64
45

3.4

57
41

3.9

53
38

4.1

52
36

4.3

54
37

3.5

57
40

4

62
44

3.3

66
47

4.3

70
50

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Napier

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

48

24
15

62

24
15

85

23
13

75

20
10

62

17
7

81

15
5

92

14
5

67

15
5

65

17
7

55

19
9

57

21
11

56

23
13

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

1.9

76
58

2.4

75
58

3.3

73
55

3

68
50

2.4

63
45

3.2

58
41

3.6

57
40

2.6

59
41

2.6

62
45

2.2

67
49

2.2

70
52

2.2

73
56

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Wellington

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

72

20
13

62

21
14

92

19
13

100

17
11

117

14
9

147

12
7

136

11
6

123

12
7

100

14
8

115

15
9

99

17
10

86

19
12

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

2.8

69
56

2.4

69
56

3.6

66
55

3.9

62
52

4.6

58
48

5.8

54
44

5.4

53
43

4.8

54
44

3.9

56
46

4.5

59
48

3.9

62
51

3.4

65
54

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Nelson

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

72

22
13

57

22
13

78

21
11

86

18
8

77

15
5

85

13
2

86

12
2

90

13
3

73

15
5

92

17
8

82

19
10

75

21
12

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

2.8

72
55

2.2

72
55

3.1

69
53

3.4

65
47

3

59
41

3.3

55
36

3.4

54
35

3.5

56
38

2.9

59
42

3.6

62
46

3.2

66
50

3

69
53

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Hokitika

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

250

19
12

172

20
12

217

19
11

249

17
8

245

14
6

233

12
4

232

12
3

224

13
4

250

14
6

286

15
7

240

17
9

278

18
11

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

9.8

67
53

6.8

68
54

8.5

66
51

9.8

62
47

9.6

58
43

9.2

54
39

9.1

54
37

8.8

55
39

9.8

57
42

11

59
45

9.4

62
48

11

65
51

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Christchurch

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

42

23
12

39

22
12

54

20
11

54

18
8

56

15
5

66

12
2

79

11
2

69

12
3

47

15
5

53

17
7

44

19
9

49

21
11

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

1.7

73
54

1.5

72
54

2.1

69
51

2.1

64
46

2.2

58
40

2.6

53
36

3.1

52
35

2.7

54
37

1.9

59
41

2.1

63
45

1.7

67
48

1.9

70
52

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Alexandra

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

29

24
11

22

24
11

40

22
9

34

18
5

35

12
2

26

8
−2

23

8
−2

24

11
0

27

15
3

41

18
6

26

20
8

43

22
10

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

1.1

74
51

0.9

75
51

1.6

71
48

1.3

64
41

1.4

54
35

1

46
29

0.9

46
29

0.9

53
31

1.1

59
37

1.6

64
42

1

68
46

1.7

72
50

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Dunedin

Climate chart (explanation)

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

73

19
11

59

19
11

70

18
10

62

15
8

67

13
6

68

10
4

61

10
3

55

11
4

48

13
6

64

15
7

67

16
9

76

18
10

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm

[show]Imperial conversion

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

2.9

66
52

2.3

66
52

2.8

64
50

2.4

60
46

2.6

55
42

2.7

51
38

2.4

50
37

2.2

52
39

1.9

56
42

2.5

59
45

2.6

61
47

3

64
51

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

text:
Location
January mean (°C)[12]
July mean (°C)[12]
Annual rainfall (mm)[13]

Kaitaia
19.5
12.1
1351

Whangarei
19.9
11.6
1304

Auckland
19.1
10.9
1212

Tauranga
19.4
10.2
1181

Hamilton
18.4
8.9
1108

Rotorua
17.7
7.8
1342

Gisborne
19.2
9.7
996

Taupo
17.0
6.5
960

New Plymouth
17.8
9.5
1386

Napier
19.5
9.4
785

Wanganui
18.3
9.5
918

Palmerston North
17.8
8.6
917

Masterton
18.1
7.6
928

Wellington
16.9
8.9
1207

Nelson
17.8
7.2
960

Blenheim
18.0
7.0
711

Westport
16.3
8.7
2121

Kaikoura
16.4
8.1
710

Hokitika
15.6
7.4
2901

Christchurch
17.5
6.6
618

Mount Cook
14.7
2.2
4485

Lake Tekapo
15.2
1.4
592

Timaru
15.9
5.0
548

Milford Sound
14.7
5.3
6715

Queenstown
15.8
3.0
749

Alexandra
18.0
2.9
359

Manapouri
14.7
3.8
1129

Dunedin
15.3
6.6
738

Invercargill
14.2
5.3
1149

Chatham Islands
14.9
8.2
911

text: Records[edit]

text:
Record
Measurement
Location
Date

Highest temperature
42.4 °C (108.3 °F)
Rangiora, Canterbury
7 February 1973

Lowest temperature
−25.6 °C (−14.1 °F)
Ranfurly, Otago
17 July 1903

Highest rainfall in an hour
134 mm (5.3 in)
Cropp River, West Coast
8 January 2004

Highest rainfall in 24 hours
758 mm (29.8 in)
Cropp River, West Coast
27–28 December 1989

Highest rainfall in a calendar year
16,617 mm (654.2 in)
Cropp River, West Coast
1998

Lowest rainfall in a calendar year
212 mm (8.3 in)
Alexandra, Otago
1964

Highest wind gust
250 km/h (160 mph)
Mount John, Canterbury
18 April 1970

Highest sunshine in a month
356 hours
New Plymouth, Taranaki
January 2015

Highest sunshine in a calendar year
2840
Richmond, Tasman
2016

Lowest sunshine in a month
27 hours
Taumarunui
June 2002

Lowest sunshine in a calendar year
1333 hours
Invercargill
1983

text: Historical climate[edit]

text: Data collection for determining the New Zealand climate began in the late 19th century, although European explorers made valid observations of climate indicators such as glaciers and moraines early in that century. Scientific study of early New Zealand climate is quite recent and ongoing. It has settled some of the debate regarding links between the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the Northern Hemisphere and the climate in New Zealand at the same time. The key facts to emerge are that New Zealand did experience a noticeable cooler climate, but at a slightly later date than in the Northern Hemisphere.[14] The onset of cooler climate was about 1450 and lasted until 1850. Indications are that temperatures were in the range of 1.5-2.0 degree Celsius lower than present during the New Zealand LIA. Since 2000 various scientific investigations looked at the behaviour of glaciers in relation to climate and found they were excellent indicators of temperatures, especially in summer. Glacial evidence of climate is matched by evidence of variations in tree ring growth and studies of ice core and ocean sediment samples indicating the types of microorganisms (some flourish in warm temperatures, other in cooler temperatures) and historical carbon dioxide ratios.[14]

text: Evidence found that the climate was more strongly influenced by the impact of tropical air masses in warm periods and polar air masses in cool periods. Recent (2010) studies by Victoria University have shown that the regional climates most affected were in coastal Otago and Southland. The dominant temperature influence here was the relative warmth of the sea to the south of New Zealand during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). From about 1350 this region was notably warmer but then cooled relatively quickly from 1450. This cooling may have had a substantial impact on population in those areas. The limited historical record suggests that from 1450 the population of New Zealand underwent significant cultural change which may have links to climate cooling and dramatic changes in food supplies.[14]


document_title: T.J. Miller

question_text: who does tj miller voice in how to train your dragon

text: T.J. Miller

text: Early life and education

text: Miller was born in Denver, Colorado, the son of Leslie Miller, a clinical psychologist, and Kent Miller, an attorney.[4][5]

text: He attended Graland Country Day School and graduated from Denver's East High School, where he participated in drama productions.[4] His drama teacher at East High, Melody Duggan, confirms Miller was a "typical class clown", but said he was much more intuitive than the average teenager. "He understands the frailty of the human condition better than any kid I've ever had.[5]

text: In 2003, Miller graduated from George Washington University in Washington, D.C. with a B.A. in psychology with a concentration in situation theory and social influence.[6][7]

text: At GWU, he was a member of the comedy group receSs and the Lambda chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity.[4] While in college, Miller studied the circus arts at Frichess Theatre Urbain in Paris, and attended the British American Drama Academy in London, where he studied Shakespeare for a summer.[5][8]

text: Career

text: Stand-up

text: After college, Miller moved to Chicago and began to perform improvisation and stand-up comedy, performing with many local troupes.[9][10][11] He toured with The Second City for two years.[8] In 2008, he was named one of Variety's 10 Comics To Watch.[12]

text: In 2011, Miller released an hour comedy special, No Real Reason, and a comedy album, Mash Up Audiofile in 2012.[13][14]

text: In 2015, he was part of Funny or Die’s Oddball Comedy and Curiosity Festival, a touring show which included Amy Schumer, Aziz Ansari, and other comics.[15]

text: On June 17, 2017, HBO premiered his hourlong comedy special, T.J. Miller: Meticulously Ridiculous, which was filmed in Miller's native Denver at the end of his 2016 Meticulously Ridiculous Tour.[16]

text: Television

text: Miller appeared frequently as a member of the "round table" on Chelsea Lately. He appeared as Marmaduke Brooker in Carpoolers, which ran for 13 episodes on ABC in 2007–2008. In 2012, he voiced Robbie Valentino on the Disney channel cartoon Gravity Falls. On December 13, 2010, October 28, 2011, and June 14, 2012, he performed stand-up on Conan. On November 15, 2011, his stand-up special No Real Reason premiered on Comedy Central. In 2011, he hosted a special called Mash Up, which was picked up in 2012 for a full season by Comedy Central.[17][18] He starred in the Fox TV series The Goodwin Games as Jimmy Goodwin.[19]

text: Miller starred in the HBO sitcom Silicon Valley, which has been met with widespread critical acclaim and he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2015. In May 2017, Miller and HBO jointly announced that Miller will not be returning for the 5th season of Silicon Valley.[20][21][22]

text: As a commercial actor, he voices a talking ball of mucus in commercials for Mucinex[15] and stars as Greg the Genie in a promotional campaign for Slim Jim meat snacks.[23]

text: Film

text: In Miller's film debut, Cloverfield, he appeared onscreen for only a few minutes, but his voice was heard in almost every scene as the character who videotaped most of the events depicted. In 2009, he played Cessna Jim in The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard and the dim-witted grindcore musician Rory in Mike Judge's comedy Extract. In 2010, he co-starred in She's Out of My League as Stainer, played Brian the Concierge in Get Him to the Greek and appeared in a supporting role in the film Unstoppable.[4]

text: He voiced the character ‘Tuffnut’ in the Oscar-nominated animated films How to Train Your Dragon and How to Train Your Dragon 2. He also played Dan in Gulliver's Travels, released in December 2010. He played the supporting character of Ranger Jones in the live-action/animated Yogi Bear 2010 film.[24]

text: Unlike his character on the cartoon show, he is "dumb-but-not-in-a-funny-way", according to the Buffalo News.[25] He was cast in the part after two auditions; as a joke, he sent Warner Bros. an improvised video audition with an actual bear, though he had already been offered the part before they received it.[26]

text: In 2011, he appeared in the film Our Idiot Brother. He had a cameo as administrative personnel for Rolling Stone in the 2012 film Rock of Ages. He starred in the 2016 movie Search Party alongside Adam Pally.[27]

text: In 2014, he appeared in Transformers: Age of Extinction.[28]

text: In November 2014, he was the voice of Fred in the superhero CGI film Big Hero 6. Miller portrayed Weasel in Deadpool. In 2017, he portrayed the voice of the main protagonist Gene, a meh emoji with different expressions, in the animated The Emoji Movie.[29]

text: Music

text: On September 12, 2011, Miller released a comedy rap concept album titled The Extended Play E.P. The album features comedians Bo Burnham, Doug Benson, Pete Holmes and hip-hop artists Ugly Duckling and Johnny Polygon.[30]

text: In 2012, Miller released The Extended Play E.P. Illegal Art Remix Tape.[31] Also in 2012, Miller released Mash Up Audiofile on Comedy Central Records to mixed reviews.[32]

text: Podcasting

text: Miller started appearing on Chicago-based comedy Podcast Red Bar Radio in 2006 as a semi-regular co-host. He hosts a podcast with friend and fellow comedian Cash Levy, titled Cashing in With TJ Miller, which began airing in March 2012 on the Nerdist Network.[33] He is also a frequent guest on Doug Benson's podcast Doug Loves Movies.[34]

text: Personal life

text: In 2014, Miller became engaged to his long-term girlfriend, actress and mixed-media artist Kate Gorney.[22] They were married at the Denver Botanic Gardens on September 6, 2015.[35][36]

text: A self-described "enthusiastic marijuana user", Miller notes other similarities between himself and Erlich Bachman, his character on Silicon Valley. "He is just sort of, unfortunately for me, a magnification of certain aspects of my personality, mixed in with a couple of fictional things...I am, at times, a Falstaffian figure; he very much is that too. We are in line with each other as nihilists: He thinks you should tell it like it is ... because everybody's opinion including yours doesn't mean anything."[5]

text: Miller described learning about an undiagnosed cerebral arteriovenous malformation on his right frontal lobe on the Pete Holmes podcast You Made It Weird on October 28, 2011. He stated that he became more philosophical, narrated his behaviors, and was unable to sleep while filming Yogi Bear in New Zealand in 2010. His brain surgery was successful, though there was a 10 percent risk of fatality.[15][37]

text: On December 9, 2016, Miller was arrested and jailed in Los Angeles for allegedly assaulting a driver of the Uber car service company because of an argument he had with the driver over Donald Trump. He was released on his own recognizance after bail was set at $20,000.[38][39]

text: In 2015, Thomas Middleditch stated he and Miller were atheists.[40]

text: Sexual misconduct allegations

text: In late 2017 allegations against Miller from his college days back in 2001 resurfaced, part of a growing movement of people coming forward with sexual abuse claims about Harvey Weinstein and other Hollywood insiders. An anonymous woman who attended George Washington University with Miller and Gorney, told The Daily Beast reporter Asawin Suebsaeng that during a sexual encounter with Miller he became violent; he allegedly choked, shook, and punched her in the mouth, all without her consent. Suebsaeng additionally reached out to witnesses and people involved with the case, who corroborated the accuser's story, adding that it was brought to the attention of the college at the time. Student conduct proceedings were held, the results of which are sealed, although it has been claimed that, despite Miller having graduated by that time, he was expelled as a form of appeasement to the accuser.[41]

text: Miller and Gorney responded to the allegations, characterizing the accuser as a vindictive former colleague in a campus comedy troupe that she was asked to leave due to inappropriate behavior. The statement said that "[s]adly she is now using the current climate to bandwagon and launch these false accusations again", and also stated that her accusation "undermines the important movement to make women feel safe coming forward about legitimate claims against real known predators".[42]

text: Filmography

text: Film

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2008
Cloverfield
Hudson "Hud" Platt

2009
Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard, TheThe Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard
Cessna Jim

Extract
Rory

2010
She's Out of My League
Wendell ("Stainer")

How to Train Your Dragon
Tuffnut Thorston (voice)

Get Him to the Greek
Brian

Unstoppable
Gilleece

Yogi Bear
Ranger Jones

Gulliver's Travels
Dan Quint

Successful Alcoholics
Drake
Short film, also co-writer

2011
Our Idiot Brother
Billy Orwin

Charlie on Parole
Charlie
Short film

2012
Rock of Ages
Rolling Stone Receptionist

Seeking a Friend for the End of the World
Darcy

2014
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Tuffnut Thorston (voice)

Transformers: Age of Extinction
Lucas Flannery

Big Hero 6[43]
Fred (voice)

Search Party
Jason

2015
Hell and Back
Augie (voice)

2016
Deadpool
Jack Hammer / Weasel

Office Christmas Party
Clay Vanstone

2017
Goon: Last of the Enforcers
Chad Bailey

The Emoji Movie[29]
Gene (voice)

2018
Ready Player One
i-R0k
Post-production

Underwater

Post-production

Deadpool 2
Jack Hammer / Weasel
Post-production

2019
How to Train Your Dragon 3
Tuffnut Thorston (voice)
In production

text: Television

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2007–2008
Carpoolers
Marmaduke Brooker
13 episodes

2011
Traffic Light
Jason
Episode: "Breaking Bread"

2011
Happy Endings
Jason Shershow
Episode: "The Shershow Redemption"

2011
Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas
Prancer (voice)
Television short

2011
The League
Gabriel
Episode: "The Light of Genesis"

2011
Fact Checkers Unit
Cop
Episode: "Excessive Gass"

2011
T.J. Miller: No Real Reason
Himself
Stand-up special

2012
Romantic Encounters
Toy Story 5
Episode: "Toy Story 5"

2012
How to Rock
Danny Mango
2 episodes

2012–2013
The Gorburger Show
Gorburger
16 episodes; also writer

2012–2016
Gravity Falls
Robbie Valentino (voice)
13 episodes

2012–present
DreamWorks Dragons
Tuffnut Thorston (voice)
82 episodes

2013, 2014
American Dad!
Benji / Cowboy (voices)
2 episodes

2013
The Goodwin Games
Jimmy Goodwin
7 episodes

2013
High School USA!
Brad Slovee (voice)
12 episodes

2013
The Jeselnik Offensive
Himself
3 episodes

2014
Garfunkel and Oates
Matthew
Uncredited
Episode: "Speechless"

2014–2017
Silicon Valley
Erlich Bachman
38 episodes
Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (2015)
Nominated–Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (2016)

2015
Family Guy
Premature Volcano (voice)
Episode: "Roasted Guy"

2016
21st Critics' Choice Awards
Himself (host)
Television special

2016
Those Who Can't
Uncle Jake
Episode: "What's Eating Uncle Jake?"

2016
22nd Critics' Choice Awards
Himself (host)
Television special

2017
The Gorburger Show
Gorburger
8 episodes; also writer and executive producer

2017
Crashing
Himself
2 episodes

2017
F is for Family
Randy (voice)
3 episodes

2017
T.J. Miller: Meticulously Ridiculous
Himself
Stand-up special

text: Video games

text:
Year
Title
Voice role

2010
How to Train Your Dragon
Tuffnut Thorston

2010
Yogi Bear: The Video Game
Ranger Jones


document_title: Coins of the Australian dollar

question_text: when did the one dollar coin come out in australia

text: Coins of the Australian dollar

text: Regular coinage[edit]

text: Produced by the Royal Australian Mint, all current coins portray Her Majesty Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the obverse, with the present effigy having been designed by Ian Rank-Broadley. This is matched with designs by the Australian-born artist Stuart Devlin on the reverse. They now comprise 50¢, 20¢, 10¢ and 5¢ coins—all still referred to as 'silver' though actually 75% copper and 25% nickel, and for many years there were also "bronze" 2¢ and 1¢ coins.

text: The 50¢ coin originally had a circular shape, and contained 80% silver and 20% copper, so that the material of the coin was worth more than 50¢. It was made to almost identical dimensional specifications as the British 2'6 pence half crown. However, to avoid confusion among the round coins, and because of its excess value, it was only produced for one year then withdrawn from circulation; there were no 50-cent coins minted for 1967 or 1968. It was changed to a 12-sided shape for 1969 and all following years, but the 12-sided issue was minted as a specimen piece in 1966–67 to test the design. It has since been issued in both standard and commemorative designs.[1]

text: The standard designs on both versions of the coin are the same: the obverse carries the effigy of the sovereign, and the reverse shows the Coat of Arms of Australia. The dodecagonal version has a mass of 15.55 g and a diameter of 31.5 mm, and the round silver version has a mass of 13.28 g and diameter of 31.5 mm. 94.13 Australian 1966 round 50¢ coins make up a fine kilogram of silver.

text: "Gold" one-dollar and two-dollar coins were introduced in the 1980s. The one-dollar coin was introduced in 1984, to replace the banknote of the same value. The two-dollar coin, also replacing a banknote, was introduced in 1988. These have content of 2% nickel, 6% aluminium and 92% copper. Thus, all Australian coins in use currently are composed of more than half copper. The two-dollar coin is smaller in diameter than the one-dollar coin, but the two-dollar is slightly thicker.

text: The one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 due to the metal exceeding face value and were withdrawn from circulation.

text: Australian coins have medallic orientation, as do most other Commonwealth coinage, Japanese yen coinage, and euro coinage. This is in contrast to coin orientation, which is used in United States coinage.

text: Table[edit]

text:
Australian coins [2]

Image
Value
Technical parameters
Description
Date of first minting

Diameter
Thickness
Weight
Composition
Edge
Obverse
Reverse

1¢
(no longer used as of 1991)
17.65 mm
>1.4 mm
2.60 g
97% copper
2.5% zinc
0.5% tin
Plain
Queen Elizabeth II
Feathertail glider
1966

2¢
(no longer used as of 1991)
21.59 mm
<1.9 mm
5.20 g
Frill-necked lizard

5¢
19.41 mm
1.3 mm
2.83 g
Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel
Milled
Queen
Elizabeth II
Echidna
1966

10¢
23.60 mm
2.0 mm
5.65 g
Superb lyrebird

20¢
28.65 mm
2.5 mm
11.3 g
Platypus

50¢
Dodecagon 31.65 mm (across flats)
2.5 mm
15.55 g
Plain
Coat of arms
1969

$1
25.00 mm
3.0 mm
9.00 g
92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel
Interrupted
milled
Queen
Elizabeth II
Five kangaroos
1984

$2
20.50 mm
2.8 mm
6.60 g
Aboriginal elder
1988

These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

text: Effigy of Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin displayed on coins minted in 1966.

text: Commemorative coins[edit]

text: Many special versions of the 20¢, 50¢, $1 and $2 coins have been produced, with imagery representing an event replacing the usual design on the reverse side of the coin. For some years, all the coins are replaced with a different design for that year. In other cases, only a few coins have the new design, which are released as special commemorative coins, although many usually end up in circulation.

text: In 2012, a commemorative $2 coin was produced depicting a poppy for Remembrance Day and in 2013, a coloured purple coin for the 60th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. In 2016 a commemorative 25¢ coin was produced for Anzac Day with four million coins minted. In 2016, to celebrate 50 years of decimal currency, a commemorative design for the tails of the coins was released.

text: Collectable coins[edit]

text: The Royal Australian Mint regularly releases collectable coins, one of the most famous of which is the gold two-hundred-dollar coin. Australian collectable coins are all legal tender[3] and can be used directly as currency or converted to "normal" coinage at a bank. Metals include aluminium bronze, silver, gold and bi-metal coins.[4] Nugget coins are issued in ounces and fractions or kilograms and come in gold and platinum, some are denominated in dollars, and others by their weight value.[5]