document_title: Skam (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes are in season 4 of skam

text: Skam (TV series)

text: Hartvig Nissen School[edit]

text: The series focuses on the daily life of teenagers at the Hartvig Nissen School (Hartvig Nissens skole), a prestigious gymnasium (preparatory high school) located in the Frogner borough in Oslo's West End, with the address Niels Juels gate (Niels Juel Street) 56.[1] The school is informally and widely known simply as "Nissen." Originally named Nissen's Girls' School, it was founded by Hartvig Nissen in 1849 as a private girls' school which was owned by its headmasters and which served the higher bourgeoisie. It is the second oldest gymnasium in Oslo and is widely considered one of the country's most prestigious; its alumni include many famous individuals and two members of the Norwegian royal family. The school was the first higher school in Norway which admitted women.[2]

text: Concept[edit]

text: At the start of a week, a clip, conversation or social media post is posted on the Skam website. New material is posted on a daily basis, with the content unified and combined into one full episode on Fridays.[3] The main character differs from season to season,[4] and the fictional characters have social media profiles where viewers can follow their activities.[3]

text: Characters[edit]

text: The following are characters in Skam.[5]

text:
Character
Portrayed by
Seasons

1
2
3
4

Eva Kviig Mohn

Lisa Teige (no)

Main
Recurring

Noora Amalie Sætre

Josefine Frida Pettersen

Recurring
Main
Recurring

Isak Valtersen

Tarjei Sandvik Moe

Recurring
Main
Recurring

Sana Bakkoush

Iman Meskini

Recurring
Main3

Jonas Noah Vasquez

Marlon Valdés Langeland

Recurring
Recurring3

Vilde Hellerud Lien

Ulrikke Falch (no)

Recurring
Recurring3

Christina "Chris" Berg

Ina Svenningdal (no)

Recurring
Recurring3

Christoffer "Penetrator-Chris" Schistad

Herman Tømmeraas

Recurring
Recurring3

Ingrid Theis Gaupseth

Cecilie Martinsen

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Sara Nørstelien

Kristina Ødegaard

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Magnus Fossbakken

David Alexander Sjøholt

Recurring1
Guest1
Recurring

William Magnusson

Thomas Hayes

Recurring

Recurring3

Eskild Tryggvason

Carl Martin Eggesbø

Recurring
Recurring3

Linn Larsen Hansen

Rakel Øfsti Nesje

Recurring
Recurring3

Even Bech Næsheim

Henrik Holm

Recurring
Recurring3

Mahdi Disi

Sacha Kleber Nyiligira

Recurring

Emma W. Larzen

Ruby Dagnall

Recurring
Guest

Mikael Øverlie Boukhal

Yousef Hjelde Elmofty

Guest2
Recurring

Yousef Acar

Cengiz Al

Recurring

Elias Bakkoush

Simo Mohamed Elhbabi

Recurring

Adam Malik

Adam Ezzari

Recurring

Mutasim Tatouti

Mutasim Billah

Recurring

text: 1In season one, David Alexander Sjøholt was credited as playing a character called David, though his name was never spoken in the show. This could be the character Magnus or Sjøholt was playing a different student. Sjøholt also makes an uncredited appearance in the last episode of season two.

text: 2In season three, Mikael appears uncredited in a video Isak finds on the Internet of Even.

text: 3In the final episode of season four, the main character changes between each clip. Vilde, Penetrator-Chris, Jonas, Chris, Even and William each have a clip where they are the main character. Eskild and Linn have one clip together.

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Lisa Teige as Eva Kviig Mohn (born June 2, 1999) is the main character in the first season. When we first meet Eva, she recently started dating Jonas, who just ended a relationship with Eva's best friend Ingrid. Her relationship with Jonas is complicated and she finds it hard to trust him, eventually leading her to cheat on him and ultimately leading to their breakup at the end of season one. Eva lives at home with a busy mom and starts at the Hartvig Nissen school ("Nissen") in 2015 together with her friends and former classmates Jonas, Ingrid, Sara and Isak. Losing her former best friends Ingrid and Sara due to her relationship to Jonas, she starts up new friendships with Noora, Chris, Vilde and Sana at Nissen. After season one, Eva is mostly portrayed as an outgoing and promiscuous party-girl.
Josefine Frida Pettersen as Noora Amalie Sætre (born April 6, 1999) is the main character in the second season. Noora is portrayed as a confident, smart and helpful character in seasons one and two. In the second season, it is however revealed that she has some insecurities after all. She lives with two roommates and does not have contact with her parents. Unlike her friends Eva, Chris and Vilde, Noora is not into drinking or hooking with guys. When the school's playboy William continues to flirt with her despite several rejections, she eventually gets interested in him, but due to her prejudices against him, she finds it hard to accept. They end up in a relationship at the end of season two. In seasons three and four, Noora is portrayed a little bit more naive and restless, as she faces complications in her relationship with William.
Tarjei Sandvik Moe as Isak Valtersen (born June 21, 1999) is the main character in the third season. Isak is a close friend of both Eva and Jonas in season one. At the end of the season, Noora and Eva find homosexual pornography on Isak's phone, raising suspicions about his sexual orientation. Season three follows Isak's struggles to accept his sexuality. He meets Even, and the two quickly fall in love and begin to secretly see each other. However, Isak unknowingly pushes Even (who has bipolar disorder) away by revealing that he doesn't want to be around people with mental disorders, due to his traumatizing experiences with his mentally ill mother. After struggling with his feelings for Even, Isak decides to come out to his best friend Jonas, and eventually to other people that he is close to. He gets back together with Even with the aid of his friends, but after Even has a manic episode, he distances himself from him again out of fear and heartbreak. However, he comes to better understand Even's situation after a discussion with his friends, and reunites with Even after he realizes that he loves him, accepting the obstacles created by his disorder. In season four, Isak is portrayed as much happier, as he lives comfortably and publicly in a relationship with Even.
Iman Meskini as Sana Bakkoush (born December 24, 1999) is the main character in the fourth season. Sana's biggest struggle throughout the series is to live the traditional Muslim lifestyle and the traditional Norwegian gymnasium-lifetyle at the same time. Sana is portrayed as decisive and eloquent, but faces constant prejudices from her classmates, her parents and people she meets on the street, which sometimes leads Sana to take irrational decisions. This peaks when Sana anonymously cyberbullies her classmate Sara, who wants to exclude Sana from their russefeiring-squad. Unlike Eva, Noora and Isak, she has a close relationship with her family. In season 4, she falls in love with Yousef, who she initially thinks is a Muslim, but turns out not to be. After initial attempts to distance herself from him, they appear to grow closer later in the season.

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Marlon Valdés Langeland as Jonas Noah Vasquez (born December 20, 1999), Eva's boyfriend in the first season. He is also Isak's best friend and a classmate of all the main characters.
Ulrikke Falch as Vilde Hellerud Lien (born July 13, 1999), the naive fourth member of the main girl squad. She is the enthusiastic initiator of russefeiring, revy and other social events for the squad.
Ina Svenningdal as Christina "Chris" Berg (born January 6, 1999), the amusing fifth member of the girl squad. She usually avoids most conflicts and emotionally deep conversations.
Cecilie Martinsen as Ingrid Theis Gaupseth (born February 23, 1999), Jonas' girlfriend and Eva's best friend prior to season one. Ingrid is a member of the russefeiring-squad "Pepsi Max", which often rivals the main characters squad.
Kristina Ødegaard as Sara Nørstelien (born July 12, 1999), Ingrid's best friend and leader of the "Pepsi Max" squad. Sara dates Isak in the second season.
Herman Tømmeraas as Christoffer "Penetrator-Chris" Schistad (born March 21, 1997), the on-and-off love interest of Eva through all four seasons. He is two years older than the main cast, but also studies at Nissen in the first two seasons.
Thomas Hayes as William Magnusson (born January 10, 1997), the flirt and eventually boyfriend of Noora in the second season. He is also classmate and best friend of Penetrator-Chris.
David Alexander Sjøholt as Magnus Fossbakken (born October 30, 1999), Isak's awkward friend and classmate. In the fourth season he is in a relationship with Vilde.
Carl Martin Eggesbø as Eskild Tryggvason (born August 19, 1995), the stereotypically homosexual roommate of Noora in season two and four, and of Isak's in season three.
Rakel Øfsti Nesje as Linn Larsen Hansen (born January 1, 1996), the introverted roommate of Eskild and Noora/Isak.
Henrik Holm as Even Bech Næsheim (born February 12, 1997), the love affair and eventual boyfriend of Isak. Even is diagnosed with bipolar disorder at some point prior to season 3.
Simo Mohamed Elhbabi as Elias Bakkoush (born March 5, 1997), Sana's brother and Even's former classmate.
Cengiz Al as Yousef Acar (born September 21, 1997), the atheist love interest of Sana. Yousef is also Elias' best friend and former classmate.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
11
25 September 2015 (2015-09-25)
11 December 2015 (2015-12-11)

2
12
4 March 2016 (2016-03-04)
3 June 2016 (2016-06-03)

3
10
7 October 2016 (2016-10-07)
16 December 2016 (2016-12-16)

4
10
14 April 2017 (2017-04-14)
24 June 2017 (2017-06-24)

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The first clip from season 1 was made available on Tuesday, 22 September 2015,[6] with the combined clips during the week premiering as a full episode on Friday, 25 September 2015.[7] The season consists of 11 episodes; the main character is Eva Mohn.[7] The storyline deals with Eva's difficult relationship with her boyfriend Jonas and the themes of loneliness, identity, belonging and friendship.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Duration
Original air date

1
1
"Du ser ut som en slut (You look like a slut)"
20 min
25 September 2015 (2015-09-25)

2
2
"Jonas, dette er helt dust (Jonas, this is totally dumb)"
17 min
2 October 2015 (2015-10-02)

3
3
"Vi er de største loserne på skolen (We're the biggest losers at school)"
17 min
9 October 2015 (2015-10-09)

4
4
"Go for it din lille slut (Go for it, you little slut)"
15 min
16 October 2015 (2015-10-16)

5
5
"Hva er det som gjør deg kåt? (What turns you on?)"
19 min
23 October 2015 (2015-10-23)

6
6
"Man vet når gutter lyver (You know when a boy is lying)"
23 min
30 October 2015 (2015-10-30)

7
7
"Tenker alltid det er meg det er noe gale med (I always think it's me there's something wrong with)"
20 min
13 November 2015 (2015-11-13)

8
8
"Hele skolen hater meg (The whole school hates me)"
24 min
20 November 2015 (2015-11-20)

9
9
"Man er det man gjør (You are what you do)"
21 min
27 November 2015 (2015-11-27)

10
10
"Jeg tenker du har blitt helt psyko (I think that you've become totally psycho)"
21 min
4 December 2015 (2015-12-04)

11
11
"Et jævlig dumt valg (A really stupid choice)"
35 min
11 December 2015 (2015-12-11)

text: Season 2[edit]

text: The first clip from season 2 was made available on Monday, 29 February 2016,[8] with the combined clips during the week premiering as a full episode on Friday, 4 March 2016.[7] The season consists of 12 episodes; the main character is Noora Amalie Sætre.[7] The season is about her relationship with William and deals with issues of friendship, feminism, eating disorder, self-image, violence, sexual violence and the contemporaneous refugee crisis in relation to Norwegian democracy.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Duration
Original air date

12
1
"Om du bare hadde holdt det du lovet (If only you'd kept your promises)"
26 min
4 March 2016 (2016-03-04)

13
2
"Du lyver til en venninne og skylder på meg (You lie to a friend and blame me)"
26 min
11 March 2016 (2016-03-11)

14
3
"Er det noe du skjuler for oss? (Are you hiding something from us?)"
36 min
18 March 2016 (2016-03-18)

15
4
"Jeg visste det var noe rart med henne (I knew there was something strange about her) (Easter Special)"
29 min
25 March 2016 (2016-03-25)

16
5
"Jeg er i hvert fall ikke sjalu (I'm certainly not jealous)"
32 min
1 April 2016 (2016-04-01)

17
6
"Jeg vil ikke bli beskytta (I don't want to be protected)"
24 min
22 April 2016 (2016-04-22)

18
7
"Noora, du trenger pikk (Noora, you need cock)"
24 min
29 April 2016 (2016-04-29)

19
8
"Du tenker bare på William (You're only thinking of William)"
41 min
6 May 2016 (2016-05-06)

20
9
"Jeg savner deg så jævlig (I miss you so damn much)"
22 min
13 May 2016 (2016-05-13)

21
10
"Jeg skal forklare alt (I'll explain everything)"
49 min
20 May 2016 (2016-05-20)

22
11
"Husker du seriøst ingenting? (Do you seriously remember nothing?)"
30 min
27 May 2016 (2016-05-27)

23
12
"Vil du flytte sammen med meg? (Will you move in with me?)"
50 min
3 June 2016 (2016-06-03)

text: Season 3[edit]

text: The first clip from season 3 was made available on Sunday, 2 October 2016,[9][10] with the combined clips during the week premiering as a full episode on Friday, 7 October 2016.[7] The season consists of 10 episodes; the main character is Isak Valtersen.[7] The season deals with Isak's burgeoning relationship with Even Bech Næsheim and is principally a coming out story that deals with issues of love, sexual identity, authenticity, mental illness, religion and friendship.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Duration
Original air date

24
1
"Lykke til, Isak (Good luck, Isak)"
27 min
7 October 2016 (2016-10-07)

25
2
"Du er over 18, sant? (You're over 18, right?)"
26 min
14 October 2016 (2016-10-14)

26
3
"Nå bånder dere i overkant mye" / "Hun er på (You're bonding too much/She is on)"
22 min
21 October 2016 (2016-10-21)

27
4
"Keen på å bade" / "Da vorser vi sammen? (Feel like swimming/Then we pre-party together?)"
20 min
28 October 2016 (2016-10-28)

28
5
"Samme tid et helt annet sted" / "Kan jeg bli her med deg for altid? (At the same time in a completely different place/Can I stay here with you forever?)"
30 min
4 November 2016 (2016-11-04)

29
6
"Escobar season" / "Kan du ikke bare si det? (Escobar season/Can't you just say it?)"
19 min
18 November 2016 (2016-11-18)

30
7
"Er du homo? (Are you gay?)"
23 min
25 November 2016 (2016-11-25)

31
8
"Mannen i mitt liv" / "Drit i å ringe Isak (The man of my dreams/Stop fucking calling Isak)"
30 min
2 December 2016 (2016-12-02)

32
9
"Det går over" / "Velkommen til mobilsvar (It will pass/Welcome to voicemail)"
18 min
9 December 2016 (2016-12-09)

33
10
"Minutt for minutt" / "Jeg så deg første skoledag (Minute by minute/I saw you the first day of school)"
33 min
16 December 2016 (2016-12-16)

text: NRK TV and NRK P3 used different titles for 7 of the season 3 episodes.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: The first clip from season 4 was made available on Monday, 10 April 2017,[11] with the combined clips during the week premiering as a full episode on Friday, 14 April 2017.[7] The season consisted of 10 episodes,[12] and the main character is Sana Bakkoush.[7] The season deals with the Islamic religion, forbidden love, cyberbullying, friendship, and the Norwegian russ celebratory period.

text: The series finale episode switches character clip-to-clip, focusing on short stories by characters not given their own, full season. The episode deals with parental depression, love rejection, jealousy, friendship, mutual relationship support, and fear of abandonment.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Duration
Original air date

34
1
"Du hater å henge med oss (You hate hanging out with us)"
25 min
14 April 2017 (2017-04-14)

35
2
"Jeg er gutt, jeg får ikke hat (I'm a boy, I don't get hate)"
18 min
21 April 2017 (2017-04-21)

36
3
"Hva mener du om drikking? (What do you think about drinking?)"
28 min
28 April 2017 (2017-04-28)

37
4
"Allah hadde digget deg (Allah would dig you)"
30 min
5 May 2017 (2017-05-05)

38
5
"Hvis du er trist er jeg trist (If you're sad then I'm sad)"
27 min
12 May 2017 (2017-05-12)

39
6
"Har du en dårlig dag? (Are you having a bad day?)"
30 min
26 May 2017 (2017-05-26)

40
7
"Vi må stå sammen (We must stand together)"
36 min
2 June 2017 (2017-06-02)

41
8
"De største loserne på skolen (The biggest losers at school)"
35 min
9 June 2017 (2017-06-09)

42
9
"Livet smiler (Life smiles)"
48 min
16 June 2017 (2017-06-16)

43
10
"Takk for alt (Thanks for everything)"
59 min
24 June 2017 (2017-06-24)

text: Production[edit]

text: Julie Andem created Skam. In an interview with Rushprint in April 2016, Andem discussed production of the series. Originally developed for 16-year-old girls, Andem made use of the "NABC" production model ("Needs/Approach/Benefit/Competition"), and instead of collecting information from a vast amount of sources, she had extensive, hours-long interviews with a single representative to uncover what needs that specific target audience had in order to cover that story. In contrast to American shows, which were the primary competition for shows attracting attention from teenagers, Andem stated that she had one advantage; knowing who the audience were and what culture they grew up in. One major area of exploration Andem found through research was pressure; she stated that "the pressure to perform is very high for this target audience. They strive to perform in so many ways. That's fine, and it doesn't necessarily have to be dangerous or unhealthy. But what is unhealthy is that many feel like they can't live up to the demands, and therefore feel that they failed. They are comparing themselves to each other, not themselves. And then a thought occurred: How to get them to let go of the pressure through a series like Skam".[13] Andem wanted the show to be a combination of social realism, soap opera, and sitcom, transitioning between the genres as the scenes switch, for example from the comical scenes of a doctor's office to the make-out scenes on the stairs. She admitted it didn't always work, saying that one particular scene change in episode 5 of season 1 from the stairs to the doctor's office was "a dramatic jump", and elaborated that "in a later scene, I told the photographer that we maybe should try to go a little closer. But we didn't get the humor, so: fuckit, we'll shoot sitcom-ish and blend the genres."[13]

text: Andem created nine characters, without any backstory. Everyone was supposed to be able to lead a season, and the show was going to switch character season-to-season. 1,200 people auditioned for the roles in the first round of casting. As production started, Andem wrote scripts for the shows, and there was no improvisation. "A lot of people think much of the show is improvised. It's not. A lot is written for the actors. And before and after a scene, I'll wait for a while before I say thank you and let them play a little in the scene. If a scene doesn't work, we'll fix it and see what in the script doesn't work."[13] Production had a short deadline, with scripts written in three days, one-and-a-half days to shoot, and four-to-five days to edit. "The plan must be there, and we just have to finish through".[13] The series' use of real-time was planned from early on, and Andem wrote the series in episodic format, although the content also had to work for daily releases, including a cliffhanger ending in each scene. Andem read the comments for each day, and looked for feedback from the audience on how to end each season while still keeping her original plans in some way.[13]

text: As the series premiered, there was little or no promotion for the show, due to the production's and NRK's wish for teenagers to find it on their own, spread the news through social media, and avoid the older generation even noticing the series.[13] There were no launch interviews, no reviews,[13] and the actors were shielded from the media, with NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet saying that "We want most of the focus to be on the show. These actors are very young, I think it's good they're being shielded a little. They do also notice the popularity of the series".[14]

text: The Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet reported in December 2016 that the production of seasons 2 and 3 of Skam had cost a combined sum of NOK10 million. NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet stated: "For being a drama of high quality, Skam is a very cost-efficient production."[15]

text: In December 2016, the series was renewed for a fourth season.[16][17] In early April 2017, it was announced that the first clip from the fourth season would premiere on 10 April, and that it would be the last season of the series.[18][19][20] NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet stated that the making of Skam had been "an extreme sport",[20] and in an Instagram post, creator, writer and director Julie Andem wrote that "Skam has been a 24/7 job. It has also been amazingly fun to work on, and I really believe that has given the series a unique energy, and ensured that Skam continues to surprise and entertain. We recently decided that we won't be making a new season this fall. I know many of you out there will be upset and disappointed to hear this, but I'm confident this is the right decision."[21]

text: On 23 June 2017, one day before the series finale, the entire cast officially met the press before the series' wrap party, answering questions from fans around the world and describing their experiences and memories from production. It was notably the first time all the actors were allowed to break their silence and speak to the public.[22][23]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: In December 2016, Simon Fuller's XIX Entertainment production company signed a deal with NRK to produce an American version of the series called Shame for the U.S. and Canada.[24][25] The series will introduce new characters and actors, but retain the storytelling format of Skam.[26][27] Location scouting and pre-production is in progress, with an expected debut in 2018.[28] In October 2017, during the MIPCOM trade show, it was announced that the show will air on Facebook's "Facebook Watch" original video platform.[29][30]

text: In April 2017, the Danish theatre Aveny-T was reported to have acquired exclusive rights to produce a stage version of Skam. Four different performances will be made, one for each season, with the first show having taking place in Copenhagen on 15 September 2017,[31][32] and the remaining three performances produced once a year through the year 2020.[33]

text: In September 2017, French entertainment website AlloCiné reported on the imminent production of a French remake of the series.[34]

text: In October 2017, Variety and The Hollywood Reporter reported that local adaptations of Skam would be produced in five European countries; Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. NRK CEO Thor Gjermund Eriksen said in a statement that "We are very excited about the tremendous interest that Skam/Shame has generated outside of Norway. The creators of Skam aimed to help 16-year-old-girls strengthen their self-esteem through dismantling taboos, making them aware of interpersonal mechanisms and showing them the benefits of confronting their fears. This is a vision we are proud to bring to other countries".[35] Variety notes that each local production will be required to do its own local research into the dilemmas and dreams of its teenagers, rather than copying the original Norwegian production.[36]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: In Norway, the series is available on the radio channel NRK P3's website,[7] and on the web television solution NRK TV.[37] The weekly episodes are also aired on Fridays on TV channel NRK3.[37] The series has been licensed to air as a Nordvision co-production by public service broadcasters in other Nordic countries, specifically:[38][39]

text:
In Denmark, the series is shown by DR on the DR TV streaming service and aired on TV channel DR3 since December 2016.[40][38]
In Finland, the series is shown by Yle on the Yle Areena streaming service since December 2016.[41]
In Iceland, the series is shown by RÚV on both its streaming service and television channel.[38]
In Sweden, the series is shown by SVT on the SVT Play streaming service since December 2016.[42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Norway and Nordic countries[edit]

text: In Norway, on average, about 192,000 viewers watched the first season, with the first episode being one of the most viewed of all time on NRK TV online.[43] In the first week of June 2016, streaming of Skam was responsible for over half of the traffic on NRK TV.[44] Following the release of the third-season finale, NRK stated that the second season had an average audience of 531,000, while the third season broke all streaming records on its NRK TV service with an average audience of 789,000 people.[45][46] The trailer for the fourth season, released on 7 April 2017, was watched by 900,000 people within four days.[47] During the start of the fourth season, 1.2 million unique users had visited Skam's website, and the first episode had been watched by 317,000 people. NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet told Verdens Gang that "We see that there is high traffic and high interest for season 4. Since the end of the season we have seen a pattern around viewer interest. We lie high in the first week and towards the end of the season when the drama kicks in."[48] In May 2017, NRK published a report on 2016 viewing statistics, writing that the third season broke both the streaming record for a series on NRK TV and for streaming of any series in Norway.[49]

text: An October 2016 Aftenposten report detailed that Skam had become popular in Sweden, with "well over 5000" viewers with Swedish IP addresses watching the episodes, not counting the individual clips.[50] A later report from Verdens Gang in January 2017 stated that Skam had "broken all records" in Sweden, with over 25 million plays on SVT Play.[51] Following the series' licensing deal for broadcasting in Denmark,[52] the series broke records in January 2017, with the show's first episode scoring 560,000 viewers on DR TV.[53] In Finland, the first episode had more than 130,000 views by the end of February 2017, two and half months after its release, described by Yle audience researcher Anne Hyvärilä as "quite exceptional".[54]

text: Skam has received critical acclaim. The newspaper NATT&DAG selected it as the best TV series of 2015.[55] In its second season, Kripos, Norway's National Criminal Investigation Service, praised the series' handling of sexual abuse, including the girls' encouraging the victim, Noora, to go to the emergency room to explain the situation and gather evidence of the abuse, and Noora confronting her abuser with relevant laws he has broken to prevent the sharing of photographs showing her naked.[56][57] The National Center for Prevention of Sexual Assault also praised the portrayal, adding that they wish for the series to become a syllabus in schools.[58] In the third season, Martine Lunder Brenne of Verdens Gang praised the theme of homosexuality and wrote that "I praise it first and foremost because young homosexual people, both in and outside the closet, finally get some long-awaited and modern role models. It doesn't matter if it's a character in a fictional drama - right now, Skam is Norway's coolest show".[59] In the fourth season, Christopher Pahle of Dagbladet praised a conversation about religion, writing: "two young people, with Muslim backgrounds, have a reflected, respectful and enlightening conversation about religion without arguing or taking it to the trenches. Think about that. They pick flowers and dribble a ball, and even if they don't necessarily convince each other, that's not the purpose either. The point is that they understand each other".[60]

text: Skam has been recognised for its contributions to promote Norwegian language and culture, and to foster affinity between Nordic countries. In December 2016, the Nordic Association awarded Skam the annual Nordic Language Prize for its ability to engage a young Nordic audience, connecting with young people across the Nordic region and fostering positive attitudes about the region’s neighbouring languages.[61] In April 2017, Skam and its creator Julie Andem were awarded the Peer Gynt Prize, an award given to a person or institution that has had a positive impact on society and made Norway famous abroad.[62][63]

text: In June 2017, just prior to the show's ending, Aftenposten published a report featuring interviews with many well-known Norwegian television creators, writers and directors, all praising Skam showrunner Julie Andem for her creative work on the show. Praise was directed at the series' "unpolished" nature, her ability to maintain "such a high level of quality over a long period of time", the series' blend of different sexualities and ethnicities and use of dialogue to resolve issues, and the show's compassion, thereby its ability to truly capture its generational audience.[64]

text: The show's series finale received positive reviews. Vilde Sagstad Imeland of Verdens Gang praised the final clip for being a "worthy and emotional ending".[65] Cecilie Asker of Aftenposten wrote that "The very last episode of Skam leaves us with a big sorrow, a sore loss, and a craving for more. It couldn't have been better."[66]

text: On 1 July 2017, during the celebration of Oslo Pride, Skam, its creator Julie Andem, and actors Tarjei Sandvik Moe, Henrik Holm and Carl Martin Eggesbø were awarded the "Fryd" award, an award given to persons or organizations that break the norms in gender and sexuality in a positive manner.[67][68]

text: In February 2018, Prince William and his wife Kate, members of the British royal family, visited the Hartvig Nissen school to meet with the cast and learn more about Skam, its impact on the actors' lives and to discuss youth and mental health.[69]

text: International success[edit]

text: Starting with season 3, the show was able to reach a foreign audience, and NRK was therefore heavily asked to add English subtitles to the Skam episodes online. The demands were declined and NRK explained the decision by explaining that the licenses for the music presented throughout the series was restricted to a Norwegian audience, and that easy availability outside Norway would violate the terms of their license agreements. They also took action against attempts to unofficially spread substantial amount of video content with English subtitles on the internet.[70]

text: When denied official subtitling, fans started making their own translations of the episodes into several world languages, greatly expanding the online fanbase.[71] Norwegian viewers have been fast to share translated clips quickly after availability through Google Drive, blogs, and language courses.[71][72]

text: By the end of 2016, Skam had been trending globally several times on Twitter and Tumblr, and its Facebook, Instagram and Vine presence grew rapidly.[72] On social media, fandoms developed creative paintings, screensavers, phone covers, and fan videos.[72][73][74] Filming locations, including Sagene Church,[75] and the Hartvig Nissen school, were visited by fans, and the actors were receiving worldwide attention.[71] After being featured in an episode in the third season, Gabrielle's song "5 fine frøkner" saw a 3,018 percent increase in listening on Spotify, with over 13 million streams and, at one point, rising to 8th place on the Swedish top music rankings.[76] Continuing into its fourth season in April 2017, Skam continued to be an active topic worldwide on social media, with over 20,000 tweets containing #skamseason4 in 24 hours, with over 1/4 of the tweets originating from the United States.[77]

text: In January 2017, Skam was geoblocked for foreign viewers. NRK attorney Kari Anne Lang-Ree stated that "NRK has a right to publish content to the Norwegian audience and foreign countries. The music industry is reacting to the fact that many international viewers are listening to music despite NRK not having international licensing deals. NRK takes the concerns from the music industry seriously. We are in dialogue with [the music industry] to find a solution".[78] NRK stated that "We want to thank our international fans and followers who have embraced SKAM. We are blown away by your dedication – it is something we never expected. That is why it hurts to tell you guys that due to a necessary clarification with the music right holders, SKAM will until further notice not be available outside Norway. We are working hard to figure out how to solve this issue so that the fans can continue to enjoy SKAM from where they are".[78] After the release of the trailer for the fourth season in April 2017, the geoblock was removed for Nordic countries, with NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet telling Verdens Gang that "We've been working hard so that viewers can watch this from foreign countries, and we worked deliberately this winter to make it accessible outside Norway. The trailer was just released, so we hope that has worked well."[18]

text: The series has received significant attention from international media publications for its unique distribution model of real-time snippet-based information.[79][80][81][74]

text: Anna Leszkiewicz of New Statesman posted in March 2017 that she considered Skam "the best show on TV", hightlighting the second season's handling of sexual assault. She praised the series for avoiding "shocking, gratuitous rape scenes", instead focusing on a single hand gesture by abuser Nico as a sign of predatory behavior. However, Leszkiewicz criticized the show for taking the "escape route", in which Noora finds the courage to speak to another girl who was at the party, who insists that, while Noora and Nico were in bed together, no sexual intercourse took place. Leszkiewicz commented that "So many women go through what Noora went through in Skam. Most of them don’t get offered the same escape route. Instead, they have to live with the shame and confusion of an "ambiguous" assault."[82] The same month, Elite Daily's Dylan Kickham wrote that the international fanbase for Skam on social media was "much larger than I ever would have predicted", with major fangroups on Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr. He credited the third season's storyline of homosexuality, calling it "incredibly intimate and profound", particularly praising a scene featuring a conversation about flamboyant attitudes between main character Isak and supporting character Eskild. While acknowledging highlights of the past two seasons, Kickham explained that "season three stands above the rest by shining a light on aspects of sexuality that are very rarely depicted in mainstream media", praising Eskild's "magnificent and timely take on the toxic "masc-for-masc" discrimination within the gay community" in response to Isak's homophobic comments. "It’s these small, incisive moments that show just how much Skam understands and cares about the issues it portrays", explained Kickham.[83]

text: In March 2017, voters of E! Online's poll regarding "Top Couple 2017" declared characters Isak and Even, main stars of the show's third season, the winners.[84]

text: Anna Leszkiewicz of New Statesman wrote in April 2017 about the show and its impact, explaining that "In its three short seasons, Skam has explored date rape, coming out, mental health issues from anorexia to bipolar disorder, stereotypical perceptions of Islam, and teen pregnancy without ever feeling issue-based: instead, it approaches all these things through universal emotions like loneliness, or feeling misunderstood".[71]

text: Verdens Gang wrote in April that Skam had become popular in China, where publicly discussing homosexuality is illegal. It reported that almost four million Chinese people had watched the third season through piracy and a total of six million had watched all episodes so far translated to Chinese. The report also stated that NRK has no plans to stop piracy in China, and NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet told Verdens Gang that "It was Isak and Even that captured a young Chinese audience. There's a lot of censorship in China, and they are role models and have a relationship that Chinese people have a need to see."[85]

text: In June 2017, Anna Leszkiewicz wrote another report on the series, particularly the decision to end it. Noting that the series originally had nine characters designed to each lead a season, she quoted fans who said that "It seems like such an abrupt decision. It doesn’t serve the storyline at all." Acknowledging the pressure of the show's global popularity as potentially a key element to end it, she wrote that some fans "feel that Sana’s season has been overshadowed by other characters and plotlines, something that is particularly frustrating for those who were keen to see greater Muslim representation in the show"; two prominent examples being the emphasis on characters Noora and William, and a conversation about religion in which Sana's "white, non-Muslim friend, Isak, discuss Islamophobia, was whitesplainy". Giving further attention to negative feedback, the report cites commentary such as "Sana has been disrespected and disregarded and erased and sidelined and that is fucking gross. She deserved better".[86]

text: Even after its conclusion, Skam continued to be hugely popular on social media. In December 2017, Tumblr released its list of the most talked-about shows of the year on its platform, with Skam topping the chat as number one, outranking hugely successful American series Game of Thrones, Stranger Things, and The Walking Dead.[87]

text: In December 2017, Anna Leszkiewicz published another report on the series, this time focusing on Skam's legacy as an American adaption was in production. NRK P3 editorial chief Håkon Moslet told her that "There was a lot of piracy", acknowledging that the show's global popularity was the result of fans illegally distributing content through Google Drive, though adding "But we didn’t mind". Producer and project manager Marianne Furevold explained that "We were given a lot of time to do so much research, and I think that’s a huge part of the success that we see today with Skam", referencing extensive in-depth interviews, attending schools and youth clubs, and immersing into teenagers' online lives, something that she did not think would have been possible with a commercial network. In regards to ending the series after its fourth season, while its popularity peaked, Moslet told Leszkiewicz that writer Julie Andem spent an enormous amount of time developing the series; "It was kind of an extreme sport to make, this series, especially for her. It was her life, 24/7, for two and a half years. It was enough, I think. And she wanted to end on a high. So that’s the reason. I think it was the right thing". Facebook securing the deal to air the American adaption of the series on its newly launched Watch platform was described as potentially due to decreased popularity of the network among its younger users, with Moslet joking that "Perhaps Skam will save Facebook". Andem had posted on Instagram that she "wouldn’t have been able to make a season five as good as it deserved to be", though didn't want to give away the producing job of the American version. Moslet praised the series' diverse set of characters, concluding with the statement that "At a time of confusion and intolerance, it seems more important than ever" for content creators to embrace diversity and reject intolerant attitudes.[88]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Organization
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
Gullruten
Best TV drama
N/A
Won

[89]

Best new show
Won

Innovation of the year
Won

Best film editing TV drama
Ida Vennerød Kolstø
Won

Newcomer of the year
Julie Andem
Mari Magnus
Won

People's Choice Award
Noora (Josefine Pettersen)
Nominated

C21Media International Drama Awards
Best digital original
N/A
Won

[90][91]

Foreningen Norden
Nordic language prize
Won

[61][92]

2017
Gullruten
Best TV drama
Nominated

[93][94]

Best Actor
Tarjei Sandvik Moe
Nominated

Best Writing for a Drama
Julie Andem
Won

Best Directing for a Drama
Won

TV Moment of the Year
"O helga natt"
Won

People's Choice Award
Henrik Holm
Tarjei Sandvik Moe
Won

Peer Gynt AS
Peer Gynt Prize
N/A
Won

[62]

Nordiske Seriedagers Awards
Best Nordic TV-drama
Skam season 4
Won


document_title: Super Troopers

question_text: who plays the german guy in super troopers

root

text: Super Troopers

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the fictional town of Spurbury, Vermont, five Vermont state troopers patrol a 50-mile section of the highway. While troopers Arcot Ramathorn (Chandrasekhar) and the rookie, Robert "Rabbit" Roto (Stolhanske) are tormenting a group of men for smoking marijuana, they encounter a crazed attacker, who is revealed to be their co-worker MacIntyre Womack (Lemme) playing a prank on them. Back at the station, they are chastised for a lack of arrests by their boss, Captain John O'Hagen (Cox), who warns them that they risk being shut down. They also torment the radio dispatcher, Rodney Farva, who has been suspended. While investigating a Winnebago, they encounter a woman who died from a drug overdose with a tattoo of a monkey. Once outside the trailer, the state troopers encounter their rivals, the local Spurbury police, who they compete with for arrests.

tag: p

text: When Foster (Soter) and Womack pull over a truck for avoiding a weigh-station, they are locked inside while the driver flees. After Ramathorn and Rabbit rescue them, they find packages with stickers depicting the same monkey seen on the dead woman's tattoo. Foster begins a relationship with Spurbury PD officer Ursula Hanson (Coughlan), and discovers marijuana hidden in the impounded Winnebago, bearing the same monkey sticker. Farva is reinstated to the force and becomes Ramathorn's partner. While at a restaurant, Farva attacks a cashier in retaliation for cutting a hole in his drink. Farva is arrested by the Spurbury police, where he receives a job offer from Police Chief Bruce Grady (von Bargen) in exchange for information about the drug investigation.

text: The Vermont governor (Carter) travels to Spurbury for a press conference about the drug bust. Knowing that the Spurbury police will be involved with the governor's visit, Ramathorn and Foster break into the Spurbury police office to steal the Winnebago to present the marijuana as evidence. At the press conference, Chief Grady claims repsonsibilty for the drug bust, despite it being the work of the State troopers. Foster thinks that Ursula revealed the location of the marijuana to her boss in exchange for a promotion. Having failed to increase arrests, the state troopers expect their unit to be shut down.

text: Back at the station, the state troopers find Farva dressed in a Spurbury PD uniform; Foster realizes that it was him, not Ursula, who betrayed the location of the marijuana. The troopers, including Captain O'Hagen, tie Farva to a toilet and drunkenly vandalize Chief Grady's house. Ursula offers to help them, and directs them to one of the drug-running trucks. As they attempt to pursue it, they encounter Farva, who holds them at gunpoint. The state troopers convince Farva to help them in pursuing the drug runners, and follow the truck to a nearby airfield. The state troopers see Chief Grady arrive, only to realize that the Spurbury police are working alongside the drug dealers. Using a sex doll on top of Farva's car, the state troopers distract the Sudbury police officers long enough to attack and arrest them. The governor sends Captain O'Hagen a letter thanking him for his efforts, but tells him that their station will still be shut down. Three months later, Ramathorn and Rabbit are delivering beer to a party hosted by teenagers. As the teenagers torment them, they reveal that they are undercover Spurbury police, having replaced all of the officers after the drug bust.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jay Chandrasekhar as Trooper Arcot "Thorny" Ramathorn, a veteran of the Vermont State Police who is the second-in-command of his barracks.
Paul Soter as Trooper Jeff Foster, arguably the most calm and reserved Trooper of the force.
Steve Lemme as Trooper MacIntyre "Mac" Womack, the Trooper who enjoys pranks the most.
Erik Stolhanske as Trooper Robert "Rabbit" Roto, a rookie State Trooper.
Kevin Heffernan as Trooper Rodney "Rod" Farva, a fat, loud, obnoxious and arrogant radio operator.
Brian Cox as Captain John O'Hagen, the commander of his Vermont State Trooper barracks.

tag: ul

text:
Daniel von Bargen as Police Chief Bruce Grady
Marisa Coughlan as Officer Ursula Hanson
James Grace as Officer Jim Rando
Michael Weaver as Officer Samuel Smy
Dan Fey as Officer Jack Burton

text:
Andre Vippolis as College boy 1
Joey Kern as College boy 2
Geoffrey Arend as College boy 3
Amy de Lucia as Bobbi
Philippe Brenninkmeyer as German man
Maria Tornberg as German woman
Jimmy Noonan as Frank Galikanokus
Jim Gaffigan as Larry Johnson
Blanchard Ryan as Casino La Fantastique Sally
Charlie Finn as Dimpus Burger guy
Lynda Carter as Vermont Governor Jessman
John Bedford Lloyd as Mayor Timber

text: Production[edit]

text: Broken Lizard member Steve Lemme stated that the idea for the film came from road tripping to various weddings in his friend and fellow BL member Jay Chandraskhar's car and frequently getting pulled over by cops.[4] As they were frequently under the influence of drugs, the gang began to wonder what would happen if the cops were aware of the situation and "had a sense of humor". Theorizing that if they did that they "could have fucked with us so much."[4]

text: The syrup chugging scene was filmed in M's Cozy Corner located in Fishkill, NY which has since closed.[5]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 35% based on 88 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A more miss-than-hit affair, Super Troopers will most likely appeal to those looking for something silly."[6] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[7]

text: Film critic Roger Ebert awarded the film 2½ stars out of 4, saying "I can't quite recommend it — it's too patched together — but I almost can; it's the kind of movie that makes you want to like it".[8]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Overall, the film grossed $18.5 million in the United States and a total of $23.2 million worldwide.[9] The film would eventually become a cult movie with Esquire describing it as "shaggy-dog classic for Generation Y."[4] It made $60 million from VHS, DVD and Blu-ray rentals, and as of December 2006 another $10.6 million from sales.[10][1]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Trooper With an Attitude - 38 Special
Geez Louise - The Unband
Shoot First, Run Like Hell - Nashville Pussy
Pass the Hatchet - Southern Culture on the Skids
Big Bear - Steak
Cheap Motels - Southern Culture on the Skids
Cannot One Night Stand It (Anymore) - Jack Grace Band
Bad Apples - Royal Fingerbowl
Bidibodi Bidibu - The Bubbles
Wrong Side of a Gun - Nashville Pussy
Corn Rocket, The - Southern Culture on the Skids
King of the Mountain - Southern Culture on the Skids
Worm Farm - Jack Grace Band
Second to the Bottle - Steak
Pink Slip - The Unband
Who's the King (You Know That's Me) - Joseph Henry

tag: ol

text: Awards[edit]

text: In 2001 Super Troopers won the Audience Award at the South By South West Film Competition. The film tied with Lady Porn (2001) and Wave Twisters (2001).

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel was funded partly through crowdfunding site Indiegogo, and was released in April 2018 with most of the main cast returning.[11][12]


document_title: Michael Corleone

question_text: where does michael corleone live in godfather 2

text: Michael Corleone

text: Family[edit]

text: Born in 1920 to Mafia don Vito Corleone and his wife Carmela, Michael has two older brothers, Santino "Sonny" Corleone and Frederico "Fredo" Corleone, and a younger sister, Constanzia "Connie" Corleone. The family consigliere, Tom Hagen, is their informal adoptive brother.

text: The Godfather[edit]

text: Unlike his two older brothers, Michael wants nothing to do with the Corleone “family business”, wanting instead to lead a more normal, Americanized life. Vito does not want Michael to join the Corleone criminal empire either, preferring that his favorite son go into politics. As a young man, Michael enrolled in Dartmouth College, but dropped out in 1941 to enlist in the U.S. Marine Corps when the United States entered World War II. During the war, he was in the Pacific, and was wounded in battle. He received a battlefield commission to the rank of captain and was awarded the Navy Cross for bravery. In the wedding scene, however, he is shown wearing ribbons for the following awards: Silver Star, Navy/Marine Corps Medal, Purple Heart, Asia Pacific Medal with an Oak Leaf, Europe Africa Middle East Medal, and the WWII Victory Medal.  In 1944, his war heroism is featured in Life magazine.

text: During the summer of 1945, Michael has been discharged from the Marine Corps. Vito had secretly arranged for his discharge. He returns home to attend his sister Connie's wedding, accompanied by Kay Adams, his college sweetheart. Michael stays for a few weeks before re-entering college without consulting his family.

text: Just before Christmas 1945, Vito is severely wounded in an assassination attempt by drug kingpin Virgil Sollozzo, throwing Michael into the middle of the Mafia world he had for so long avoided. Arriving at the hospital to find his father unprotected, Michael calls Sonny and prevents Sollozzo's second attempt on Vito's life, then reaffirms his loyalty at his father's bedside. Captain Mark McCluskey, a corrupt NYPD officer on Sollozzo's payroll, breaks Michael's jaw. In retaliation, Sonny orders the murder of Bruno Tattaglia, son and underboss of Sollozzo's ally Philip Tattaglia. Sollozzo proposes that Michael be sent to broker a truce, but Sonny, believing that it's a trap, refuses and demands that the other Mafia families hand over Sollozzo to the Corleone family or else face war. Michael suggests they agree to Sollozzo's meeting but insist that it be in a public place with people, where he will kill both Sollozzo and McCluskey. Hagen warns Sonny that killing McCluskey would violate a long-standing Mafia rule not to kill police officers, and that the backlash from rival Mafia families and law enforcement would be severe. Michael successfully argues that McCluskey is fair game because he is a corrupt cop mixed up in the drug trade and serving as Sollozzo's bodyguard. Sonny agrees and approves the hit.

text: Michael meets with Sollozzo and McCluskey at an Italian restaurant in the Bronx, retrieves a handgun that Corleone caporegime Peter Clemenza had planted beforehand in the toilet and kills Sollozzo and McCluskey. This ignites the New York underworld's first Mafia war in a decade.

text: Michael flees to Sicily, where he spends two years under the protection of Vito's friend and longtime ally, Don Tommasino. Michael meets and falls in love with a young local woman named Apollonia Vitelli. They marry, and when Michael is notified that Sonny has been murdered they prepare to move to Siracusa. Apollonia is killed by a car bomb intended for Michael, planted by Fabrizio, Michael's bodyguard, after being bought off by the Corleones' rivals.

text: Michael returns to the United States in early 1951[3] and assumes Sonny's role as Vito's heir apparent. After Don Corleone's suspicions are confirmed that Don Emilio Barzini, his main rival in New York, had been the power behind Sollozzo and Tattaglia all along, Michael and his father begin a secret, long-range plot to wipe out the other New York Dons. They deliberately allow their rivals to whittle away at Corleone interests in order to lull them into inaction. Meanwhile, Michael convinces his father the time is right to remove the family from the Mafia. More than a year after his return, Michael reunites with Kay and they marry. He promises her the Corleone family will be completely legitimate in five years. Within two years, they have two children, Anthony and Mary. In the novel, Kay gives birth to two sons.

text: Vito semi-retires in 1954, and Michael becomes operating head of the family. He attempts to buy out casino owner Moe Greene's stake in the Las Vegas casino that the Corleones bankrolled, intending to move the family to Nevada and legitimize all Corleone enterprises, but Greene refuses to sell. Before his death in 1955, Vito warns Michael that Barzini will likely attempt to assassinate Michael under the pretense of establishing peace between the families, and tells Michael that whoever approaches him about the meeting is the traitor within the family. When caporegime Salvatore Tessio unknowingly exposes his complicity with Barzini by arranging the meeting, Michael sets the plan in motion to murder the other New York Mafia heads: Barzini, Philip Tattaglia, Carmine Cuneo, and Victor Stracci, as well as Moe Greene. The plot unfolds on the same day Michael stands as godfather to Connie's newborn son. Later the same day, Tessio and Carlo Rizzi, Connie's abusive husband who conspired in Sonny's murder, are executed. In one stroke, Michael re-establishes the Corleone family as the nation's most powerful crime family, and makes a reputation for himself as being even more cunning and ruthless than his father.

text: Connie accuses Michael of murdering Carlo. Michael dismisses her accusations as hysteria, and when questioned by Kay denies any involvement. In the novel, Connie recants her accusations a few weeks later, assuring Kay she was mistaken. Kay, initially believing Michael, later observes him receiving his capos. Clemenza addresses Michael as "Don Corleone" and kisses his hand in the same manner that he did with Michael's father. Kay realizes Connie's accusations were true, and that Michael has become his father's successor in every way. In the novel, Kay leaves Michael, but Hagen persuades her to return.

text: The Godfather Part II[edit]

text: The Godfather Part II is set in 1958 and 1959. The Corleone family has relocated to Nevada while Frank Pentangeli runs the family's operations in New York, Clemenza having died a few years before. Although Michael is the most powerful Mafia leader in the nation, he still actively works to remove the Corleone family from crime. His efforts have been largely unsuccessful, however, as his many enemies and growing obsession with revenge keep him tethered to the criminal underworld. Michael plans to finally legitimize the family by negotiating with Hyman Roth, his father's former business partner, over controlling casino operations in Cuba.

text: Hours after Anthony's First Communion party, unseen gunmen shoot at the Corleone house, nearly killing Michael and Kay. Michael suspects Roth ordered the hit, and believes a mole within the Corleone family aided him. To uncover Roth's involvement, Michael maintains their business relationship, and orders Pentangeli to settle a dispute with Roth's business partners, the Rosato Brothers. When Pentangeli meets with them, they try to kill him, but he survives.

text: Michael, Roth, and Fredo travel to Cuba to forge a partnership with Fulgencio Batista allowing them to operate casinos in Cuba without interference in exchange for generous payments to the Cuban government. Michael sends his bodyguard to eliminate Roth on New Year's Eve, but Cuban soldiers kill the bodyguard during the attempt. That same night, Fredo unintentionally reveals that he was the mole within the family; Michael confronts Fredo and gives him the Sicilian "kiss of death". During the New Year's Eve festivities, victorious rebel forces enter Havana, forcing Batista into exile and ruining Michael's plans. Fredo, fearing Michael, runs off; Roth escapes to Miami.

text: Meanwhile, Pentangeli, believing Michael had ordered a hit on him, prepares to testify against him in the Senate's investigation of organized crime. However, Michael has Pentangeli's brother Vincenzo brought from Sicily. Just prior to the hearing, Vincenzo and Frank exchange glances. Understanding the threat, Pentangeli recants his earlier sworn statements, throwing the hearings into chaos and effectively destroying the government's case against Michael.

text: Fredo confesses to Michael that Roth's right-hand man, Johnny Ola, had promised to reward him for information about Michael. Fredo also reveals that he resented being "passed over" to head the family in favor of Michael, and that he withheld key information about the Senate investigation. Michael disowns Fredo, and tells his capo Al Neri that nothing is to happen to his brother while their mother is alive — the implication being Neri has been given a contract to assassinate Fredo after their mother's death.

text: Meanwhile, Kay decides to leave Michael and take their children with her, believing Michael will always live in a world of crime and violence. Michael asks her to reconsider, but Kay reveals she aborted their unborn son because she refused to bring another child into the Corleones' crime world. Enraged, Michael strikes Kay and banishes her, preventing her from seeing their children.

text: Following their mother's death, and at sister Connie's behest, Michael seemingly forgives Fredo, but it is actually a ploy to draw Fredo in closer in order to have him killed. Soon after, Neri murders Fredo on Michael's orders. At the same time, Michael sends Hagen to persuade Pentangeli to commit suicide to spare his family, and has caporegime Rocco Lampone kill a heavily guarded Roth at Idlewild Airport upon his return to the U.S.

text: The film ends as Michael recalls a surprise birthday party for his father on December 7, 1941. In a flashback scene, Michael informs the family that he has dropped out of college to enlist in the Marines. Only Fredo supports Michael's decision. When Vito arrives off-screen, everyone goes to greet him except Michael, who sits alone. The film closes with Michael sitting alone in the Corleones' Lake Tahoe compound.

text: The Godfather Part III[edit]

text: The Godfather Part III is set in 1979 and 1980. Michael has moved back to New York and taken great strides to remove the family from crime. He turns over his New York criminal interests to longtime enforcer Joey Zasa. Ridden with guilt over his ruthless rise to power, he uses his wealth in an attempt to rehabilitate his reputation through numerous philanthropic acts, administered by a foundation named after his father. A decade earlier, he gave custody of his two children to Kay, who has since remarried.  He sells his gambling interests to the other Mafia families and reorganizes his vast business holdings as the "Corleone Group".

text: The Holy See has named him a Commander of the Order of Saint Sebastian for his charitable works. At the ceremony, Michael and Kay have an uneasy reunion after nine years. Kay wants their son, Anthony, to have nothing to do with the Corleone "legacy", and tells Michael that both she and Anthony know the truth about Fredo's death. Michael had initially wanted Anthony to finish law school, but consents to Anthony becoming an opera singer.

text: Michael's new connection to the Church provides an opportunity to take over the large property company, Immobiliare. He is already its largest shareholder, and offers to buy the Vatican's 25 percent share, which will give him controlling interest. He also takes in Sonny's illegitimate son Vincent Mancini, a soldier in Zasa's crew, as his protegé. Michael recognizes that Vincent has inherited Sonny's fiery temper and fears Vincent will suffer his father's fate. Michael also disapproves of the romance developing between him and Michael's daughter, Mary. Michael fears that Vincent's growing involvement in the Mafia will endanger Mary, just as it did Michael's first wife, Apollonia.[4]

text: On the night Michael announces he is dissolving his gambling empire, Zasa wipes out most of The Commission in a helicopter attack in Atlantic City. Michael escapes with help from Vincent and Neri. Michael quickly realizes that his old friend, Don Altobello, conspired to murder him. Traumatized by the attack, Michael suffers a diabetic stroke, briefly incapacitating him.  Francis Ford Coppola reveals in his audio commentary that Michael is seen drinking a lot of water in the first two films—subtle hints that he is a diabetic.[4] While Michael recovers, his sister, Connie, gives Vincent her consent to assassinate Zasa. Michael is enraged upon discovering this, and demands that no similar orders be issued while he is alive.

text: Michael returns to Sicily for Anthony's operatic debut at the Teatro Massimo. Suspecting that Altobello may make another attempt on his life, he has Vincent infiltrate Altobello's regime under the pretense of defecting. Michael and Kay tour Sicily together, during which Michael asks for Kay's forgiveness. Kay admits she will always love him.

text: Meanwhile, the Immobiliare deal has stalled, supposedly because Pope Paul VI must personally approve it. Michael learns that the Immobiliare deal is an elaborate swindle concocted by Immobiliare chairman Licio Lucchesi, who schemed with Vatican Bank head Archbishop Gilday and accountant Frederick Keinszig to embezzle a fortune from the Vatican Bank, using Michael's "investment" to cover their tracks. Hoping to salvage the deal, Michael seeks Don Tommasino's assistance. He directs Michael to Cardinal Lamberto (the future Pope John Paul I). With Lamberto's prodding, Michael makes his first confession in 30 years, tearfully breaking down as he admits to ordering Fredo's murder. Lamberto tells Michael he deserves to suffer for his terrible sins, but that there is hope for redemption.

text: John Paul I dies soon after being elected pope, poisoned by Gilday. Michael learns that Altobello (in league with the conspirators) has hired an assassin named Mosca to kill him. Mosca murders Tommasino, and Michael vows before his old friend's casket to sin no more. Vincent reports that Lucchesi, working with Altobello, is behind the assassination attempts on Michael.

text: Weary of the bloody, lonely life of a Don, Michael retires, making Vincent his successor, but not before giving him permission to retaliate. In return, Vincent agrees to end his romance with Mary. That night, Michael, reconciled with Kay and Anthony, watches his son's performance in the opera Cavalleria Rusticana. Meanwhile, Vincent orchestrates the murders of Lucchesi, Gilday and Keinszig, and Connie murders Altobello with a poisoned cannoli.

text: After the performance, Mosca shoots Michael, and the bullet passes through his body and hits Mary, killing her. Her death breaks Michael's spirit, and he screams in agony over her body. He returns to Bagheria, Sicily, where he dies in 1997, alone in the courtyard where he married Apollonia.

text: The Sicilian[edit]

text: Michael is a secondary character in Puzo's novel The Sicilian, which takes place during his first exile in Sicily. He learns from Clemenza about the legendary exploits of the novel's main character, Salvatore Giuliano, and is eager to meet him, but Giuliano is murdered before the meeting can take place.

text: Sequel novels[edit]

text: Michael appears in Mark Winegardner's sequel novels The Godfather Returns and The Godfather's Revenge. In Godfather Returns, set roughly during the time of Godfather Part II, Michael battles with a new rival, Nick Geraci, while attempting to legitimize the family.[5] In Godfather's Revenge, set a few years after the second film, he moves to protect his criminal empire against Geraci and the machinations of a powerful political dynasty, while dealing with his guilt over having Fredo murdered. In the latter novel, he has a relationship with actress Marguerite "Rita" Duvall in the early 1960s, but he ends it upon realizing that he is still in love with Kay.[6]

text: Family members[edit]

text:
Vito Corleone – Michael's father and The Godfather, played by Marlon Brando in The Godfather, and by Robert De Niro in flashback scenes in Part II
Carmela Corleone – Mother, played by Morgana King in The Godfather Part I and Part II, and by Francesca De Sapio in flashback scenes in Part II
Tom Hagen – Adopted brother and consigliere, played by Robert Duvall
Santino "Sonny" Corleone – Eldest brother, underboss to Vito, played by James Caan in The Godfather Part 1, and by Roman Coppola in flashback scenes from Part II
Constanzia "Connie" Corleone – Sister, played by Talia Shire
Frederico "Fredo" Corleone – Elder brother, underboss to Michael; played by John Cazale
Apollonia Vitelli-Corleone – First wife, played by Simonetta Stefanelli
Kay Adams-Corleone – Second wife, played by Diane Keaton
Anthony Corleone – Son, played by Anthony Gounaris in The Godfather, by James Gounaris in Part II, and by Franc D'Ambrosio in Part III
Mary Corleone – Daughter, played by an uncredited actress in Part II, and by Sofia Coppola in Part III
Vincent Corleone – Nephew and succeeding Don, played by Andy García


document_title: Liv and Maddie

question_text: who plays as maddie in liv and maddie

question_tokens: who plays as maddie in liv and maddie

text: Liv and Maddie

text: Plot[edit]

text: Actress Liv Rooney is a girly girl who has just returned to her birthplace of Stevens Point, Wisconsin, after finishing a four-year stint in Hollywood, filming a popular television series called Sing It Loud! Her identical twin sister, Maddie, a tomboy with a facility for sports, but with a particular talent for basketball, welcomes Liv back home with open arms. The twins have two younger brothers: Joey, an awkward and a smart teenager who likes cat shirts, and Parker, a clever and precocious tween with a slightly mischievous personality. Their parents are Karen, the high school psychologist and later the high school's vice-principal, and Pete, the coach of Maddie's high school basketball team who later accepts a position as the coach of a college team in Beloit, Wisconsin. The series revolves around Liv adjusting to normal family life after her successful career in Hollywood. Most events take place at the Rooney residence or at Ridgewood High School. At the end of the third season, the Rooney house collapses and Maddie enrolls in a college in Los Angeles, California. This prompts the rest of the Rooneys, except Pete who remains in Wisconsin to continue his coaching job, to move to Malibu, California, to take up residence with Karen's younger sister, Dena, and her daughter, Ruby, where the series' fourth season takes place.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Dove Cameron as Liv and Maddie Rooney
Joey Bragg as Joey Rooney
Tenzing Norgay Trainor as Parker Rooney
Kali Rocha as Karen Rooney
Benjamin King as Pete Rooney (seasons 1–3)
Lauren Lindsey Donzis as Ruby (season 4)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Liv and Maddie began production in April 2013.[1] The series was created by John D. Beck and Ron Hart, both of whom also serve as executive producers alongside Andy Fickman. Beck and Hart are a production-writing team whose credits include According to Jim, Hey Arnold!, and Shake It Up!. Originally, the pair had shopped a script of a project called Bits and Pieces which featured a blended family similar to series like The Brady Bunch and Step by Step.[2] The series is produced under a joint venture by Beck & Hart Productions, Oops Doughnuts Productions, and It's a Laugh Productions.

text: On January 13, 2014, Disney Channel renewed Liv and Maddie for a 13-episode second season slated to premiere in fall 2014.[3] The second season was later expanded to 24 episodes.[4] The second season premiered on September 21, 2014. The series was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel on April 3, 2015.[5] The third season premiered on September 13, 2015. On December 21, 2015, actress Dove Cameron stated that Disney Channel was picking up Liv and Maddie for a fourth season.[6] On June 19, 2016, series creator Ron Hart announced on Twitter that the fourth season would premiere in fall 2016.[7] On July 1, 2016, Dove Cameron stated that they had filmed the series' final episode.[8] On August 19, 2016, it was announced by the series' creators, John D. Beck and Ron Hart, that the final season would be called Liv and Maddie: Cali Style. They also stated that the fourth and final season would premiere on September 23, 2016.[9]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Casting took place during the spring of 2012;[10] however, only a pilot episode was produced. The series followed Kali Rocha, Dove Cameron, Joey Bragg, Benjamin King, Cozi Zuehlsdorff, and Tenzing Norgay Trainor portraying Jodie Sullenger, mother of Alanna and Sticky, who married Pete Fickman, father of Crystal and Brody, with all six adjusting to life under the same roof. Eventually, Disney chose to change the concept of Bits and Pieces into one about a pair of twins.[2] Instead of hiring a new cast, production chose to keep those whom they had already hired and film a completely new pilot. The story now focused on Dove Cameron playing dual roles with the same parents and brothers. Lead billing for Cozi Zuehlsdorff was later dropped to guest star. The family name of "Rooney" was picked because of Sullenger's enjoyment of the Pittsburgh Steelers, a team owned by the Rooney family.[2]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
21
July 19, 2013 (2013-07-19)
July 27, 2014 (2014-07-27)

2
24
September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)

3
20
September 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)

4
15
September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)
March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)

tag: table

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
20
July 19, 2013 (2013-07-19)
5.78[11]
July 27, 2014 (2014-07-27)
TBD
2.87

2
24
September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
2.04[12]
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
2.45[13]
2.17

3
20
September 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)
1.80[14]
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
1.53[15]
1.87

4
15
September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)
1.66[16]
March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
1.30[17]
1.21

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Liv and Maddie airs on Disney Channel in the United States and Family Channel in Canada. The pilot episode aired as a preview on July 19, 2013. The first promo for the series was seen on June 28, 2013. The series officially premiered in the United States on September 15, 2013, and in Canada on September 20, 2013.[citation needed] The series stopped airing in Canada on Family Channel on September 1, 2015, and started airing on Disney Channel on September 5, 2015.[citation needed] La Chaîne Disney in French Canada premiered the episode "Home Run-a-Rooney" on March 24, 2016, 17 days before the US and Canada airing on April 10, 2016.[citation needed] In the UK and Ireland, the series aired a preview on October 7, 2013, and later premiered on November 8, 2013.[citation needed] In Australia and New Zealand, the series premiered on October 11, 2013.[citation needed] The second season premiered on January 8, 2015.[18] The third season premiered on December 2, 2015.[citation needed] The series premiered in Southeast Asia on January 10, 2014.[citation needed] In the Balkans, Greece, the Middle East and Africa, the series premiered on March 8, 2014.[citation needed] The second season premiered on February 7, 2015.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave the series' quality a rating of three out of five stars, describing it as a "jovial family sitcom" and applicable for ages seven and above. Ashby credited the series' "comical spin" on common family issues, like sibling rivalry, stating: "As is true of most tween-targeted comedies, the series glosses over a lot, especially when it comes to teen issues, but that's what makes it a worry-free pick for kids."[19] Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times compared the series to The Patty Duke Show while describing it as "a gentle, moderately amusing comedy" and praising Dove Cameron's portrayal of the down-to-earth Maddie and diva Liv, stating: "...the premise gives the writers plenty of opportunities."[20]

text: Music[edit]

text: A full version of the Liv and Maddie theme song, "Better in Stereo", was recorded by Dove Cameron and released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on October 15, 2013.[21] A music video was filmed and aired on Disney Channel the night of October 29, 2013.[citation needed] The song was featured multiple times throughout the show, first in the season three finale, "Californi-a-Rooney", and then an acoustic version sung by Dove Cameron during the season four and series finale, "End-a-Rooney".

text: In the pilot, "Twin-a-Rooney", Liv shows Maddie a clip from the Sing It Loud! finale in which Liv's character, Stephanie Einstein, sings a cover of On Top of the World by Imagine Dragons. A full version of the song was recorded by Cameron and was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on August 27, 2013.[22]

text: In "Fa-La-La-a-Rooney", Liv performs the classic "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" during the Steven's Point Holiday Spectacular. A full version of the song was recorded by Dove Cameron and is included on Holidays Unwrapped, a holiday album released by Walt Disney Records on October 15, 2013.[23]

text: In "Song-a-Rooney", Liv performs "FroyoYOLO" which goes viral, but Liv hates it. In the same episode, Liv performs "Count Me In". A full version of "Count Me In" was recorded by Dove Cameron and was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on June 3, 2014.[24]

text: In "New Year's Eve-a-Rooney", Liv performs "You, Me and the Beat". A full version of the song was recorded by Cameron and was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on December 2, 2014.

text: In "Rate-a-Rooney", Liv uploads "What a Girl Is". Two versions were created: the first being the one shown on Liv and Maddie and the other, including Christina Grimmie and Baby Kaely, was eventually recorded. Both versions are included in the Liv and Maddie soundtrack. The second version was released on iTunes on March 5, 2015, while the original version was released on March 17, 2015. On March 17, 2015, the Liv and Maddie soundtrack was released. The soundtrack includes "Better in Stereo", "On Top of the World", "FroyoYOLO", "Count Me In", "You, Me and the Beat", and both versions of "What a Girl Is". The soundtrack also includes "Say Hey", "As Long as I Have You", and "True Love", the last one of which would be morphed into two versions: Ballad, which would be sung by Jordan Fisher, and a piano duet featuring Jordan Fisher and Dove Cameron. On March 5, 2015, with the announcing of the soundtrack, the singles for those songs, minus FroyoYOLO, will no longer be available.

text: In "Prom-a-Rooney", Liv performs "True Love" at the school prom. Dove Cameron, like the other songs, recorded a full version of the song which was released as part of the Liv and Maddie soundtrack on March 17, 2015.

text: In "Band-a-Rooney", Liv's band, "The Dream", performs "Say Hey" at the Battle of the Bands. A full version was recorded by Dove Cameron, with the band member's actor doing the chorus. The song was released as part of the Liv and Maddie soundtrack on March 17, 2015.

text: In "Video-a-Rooney", Liv's band performs "As Long as I Have You". Dove Cameron recorded a full version which was released as part of the Liv and Maddie soundtrack on March 17, 2015. The song was the final song from the soundtrack that was played in the series.

text: In "SPARF-a-Rooney", Andy Grammer performs "Honey, I'm Good". This is one of the few songs in Liv and Maddie not to be part of the soundtrack.

text: In "Sing It Louder!!-a-Rooney", Liv and Ruby perform "One Second Chance" on the set of "Sing It Louder!!" The song was recorded by Dove Cameron and Lauren Lindsey Donzis and was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on November 4, 2016.

text: In "Falcon-a-Rooney", "The Power of Two" is performed again by Liv and Ruby for "Sing It Louder!!" Like the previous song in season four, Dove Cameron and Lauren Lindsey Donzis recorded a full song, released on January 20, 2017.

text: In "Sing It Live!!!-a-Rooney, Liv sings "My Destiny" for the special episode of "Sing It Louder!!" Again, a full song was recorded by Dove Cameron and released as a promotional single on March 3, 2017.

text: Songs[edit]

text:
List of songs in Liv and Maddie

Title
Performed by
First episode

"Better in Stereo"
Dove Cameron
"Twin-a-Rooney"

"On Top of the World"
Dove Cameron
"Twin-a-Rooney"

"Up on the Housetop"
Dove Cameron and Ella Anderson
"Fa-La-La-a-Rooney"

"Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow"
Dove Cameron
"Fa-La-La-a-Rooney"

"FroyoYOLO"
Dove Cameron
"Song-a-Rooney"

"Count Me In"
Dove Cameron
"Song-a-Rooney"

"You, Me and the Beat"
Dove Cameron
"New Year's Eve-a-Rooney"

"What a Girl Is"
Dove Cameron
"Rate-a-Rooney"

"True Love"
Dove Cameron
"Prom-a-Rooney"

"Say Hey"
Dove Cameron
"Band-a-Rooney"

"As Long as I Have You"
Dove Cameron
"Video-a-Rooney"

"Honey, I'm Good"
Andy Grammer
"SPARF-a-Rooney"

"Key of Life"
Dove Cameron
"Dream-a-Rooney"

"One Second Chance"
Dove Cameron and Lauren Lindsey Donzis
"Sing It Louder!!-a-Rooney"

"Power of Two"
Dove Cameron and Lauren Lindsey Donzis
"Falcon-a-Rooney"

"My Destiny"
Dove Cameron
"Sing It Live!!!-a-Rooney"

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Brand marketing promotion from Liv and Maddie still continues strongly, with ACCO Brands, under the Day Dream brand, featuring a 2015 wall calendar and Disney D'Signed clothing line from selected retailers: Target and Kohl's. Wooky Entertainment owns Style Me Up, a creative fashion brand for tween girls, featuring Liv and Maddie: Dreams Come True and Liv and Maddie: A Rising Star sketchbooks.[citation needed] Footwear retailer Payless ShoeSource conducts Liv and Maddie-themed character footwear based on the series.[25]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2014
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Nominated

2015
Kids' Choice Awards Colombia
Favorite International Program
Nominated

2016
Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Show: Comedy
Nominated
[26]

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Nominated
[27]

Kids' Choice Awards Colombia
Favorite International Program
Won
[28]

Kids' Choice Awards Argentina
Favorite International Program
Won
[29]

2017
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Won

Kids' Choice Awards Colombia
Favorite International Program
Won

Kids' Choice Awards Argentina
Favorite International Program
Pending