document_title: Sailor Uranus

question_text: when do sailor neptune and uranus come in

text: Sailor Uranus

text: Profile[edit]

text: Haruka is a stubborn, protective individual, as well as strong-willed, capable, charming, and occasionally even daring. She is formally introduced in the third story arc, although she appears in silhouette alongside Sailor Neptune in the final episode of Sailor Moon R. She is the tallest of the Sailor Soldiers at 5'8", followed by Sailor Pluto at 5'6".

text: Haruka is a racecar driver, even though she is barely sixteen years old at her first appearance. However, the timing of her birthday to the Japanese school year means she is one grade ahead of the Sailor Soldiers.

text: Haruka loves to tease pretty girls. In the manga, she even kisses Usagi.[2] Throughout the manga, she lightly flirts with Usagi, either out of habit in her first appearance or just for fun, and eventually Usagi flirts back. Their relationship in the anime is different, as Haruka also refers to Usagi as "Odango", or dumpling, in the same way Tuxedo Mask does—as a playful nickname. By the time she returns in Sailor Stars, however, she begins to refer to Usagi as "Kitten".

text: Although her relationship with Michiru Kaioh/Sailor Neptune is not implicitly sexual until later in the series, their romantic situation is referred to early on and generally understood by most of the metaseries' characters fairly quickly. It is sometimes a source of good-natured humor, particularly because few of the other Soldiers have serious romantic prospects in comparison and because the otherwise bold Haruka finds it impolite to discuss romantic matters in public. In the anime, however, the physical aspects of their relationship are limited to hand-holding, flirting, and sometimes even humorous implications, but generally remains circumspect.

text: She complicates the perception of her gender by appearing as a "Tuxedo Mask" instead of a Sailor Soldier in her first appearance. This form is never mentioned again.[3]

text: Besides her relationship with Michiru, Haruka is also close friends with Setsuna Meioh, because the three of them work closely together. Following the destruction of the Death Busters and the rebirth of Sailor Saturn as an infant, they vow to be her family and care for her. Later story arcs show that the four live together happily for some time. Nothing about Haruka's family life is ever discussed, although she and Michiru appear noticeably wealthy by unknown means. In the manga, Haruka says that she and Michiru have "wealthy patrons".

text: The anime and manga versions of the character are reasonably interchangeable, although her standoffishness is more pronounced in the anime. Like Michiru, Haruka is sometimes considered an antihero.

text: In the Sailor Moon musicals (Seramyu), Haruka and Michiru's relationship remains largely unchanged; they are always shown together, which is consistent with both manga and anime, and while their romance in the musicals is usually kept low-key, the actresses for the two do kiss on stage in the omake of Kaguya Shima Densetsu Kaiteiban. They are also the only two Soldiers to engage in physical combat with Galaxia.[4] The other Soldiers only use their powers to combat her.[5] As in the anime, however, neither Uranus or Neptune are capable of harming Galaxia in combat. It is seen that Uranus has the ability to sense Neptune's death when Galaxia gravely injures Neptune, who had been weakened while protecting Sailor Mars.[6] Otherwise, the two are shown to be more willing to work as a team with the other Sailor Soldiers in the musicals than in the anime, except where plot-lines are directly drawn from the anime, such as their pretended betrayal of the other Soldiers in Stars.

text: Haruka's ambition prior to becoming a Sailor Soldier, was to be a professional racer. Thereafter, driving is still a well-loved hobby and is listed in the manga as her best skill.[7] She is also an accomplished runner, belonging to the track-and-field club at school.[8] On occasion, Haruka can be seen playing piano in accompaniment during Michiru's violin performances. While physical education is her best class, modern Japanese language is her worst. Haruka is highly private, able to tease others while becoming flustered if teased herself, and has difficulty with confessions. Her favorite food is salad and her least favorite is natto (fermented soybeans); she also likes the color gold. According to Michiru, Haruka has had trouble with popular men on more than one occasion. Haruka denies this, but it clearly annoys her.[9]

text: Haruka, Michiru and Setsuna appear in the SuperS movie, although this conflicts with the general timeline of the series in several ways. Notably, they are more overtly friendly and helpful than they had been when they last met, and Sailor Pluto is present (which conflicts with certain events in the third series).

text: Aspects and forms[edit]

text: As a character with different incarnations, special powers, transformations, and a long lifetime that spans the Silver Millennium era to the 30th century, Haruka gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.

text: Sailor Uranus[edit]

text: Haruka's Soldier identity. She wears a uniform colored in Navy and Yellow. Unlike most of the other Soldiers, her gloves extend only to mid-forearm. In transformed state, she wears two golden hoop earrings. She is given specific titles throughout the various series, including Soldier of Sky[10] (or "the Skies" in the English manga) and Soldier of Flight. She is known to run as fast as the wind, and can forecast bad things from the sky. Perhaps her titles regarding the sky is in reference to the Greco-Roman Uranus, who was the embodiment of the sky.[11] Sailor Uranus is one of the more aggressive Sailor Soldiers, and carries the Space Sword, which is one of three Talisman carried by herself, Sailor Neptune and Sailor Pluto. Her personality is no different from when she is a civilian, although certain powers are unavailable to her in that form. Sailor Neptune is her constant companion, and they are rarely separated.

text: As she grows stronger, Sailor Uranus gains additional powers, and at key points her uniform changes to reflect this. The first change takes place in Act 39 of the manga, when she obtains the Uranus Crystal and her outfit becomes similar to that of Super Sailor Moon. She is not given a new title. A similar event takes place in Episode 167 of the anime, and she is given the name Super Sailor Uranus. A third, manga-only form appears in Act 42, also unnamed but analogous to Eternal Sailor Moon (sans wings).[12]

text: Princess Uranus[edit]

text: On Silver Millennium, Sailor Uranus was also the princess of her home planet. She was among those given the duty of protecting the Solar System from outside invasion. As Princess Uranus, she dwelt in Miranda Castle and wore a deep blue gown—she appears in this form in the original manga Act 41, as well as in supplementary art.

text: Special powers and items[edit]

text: Although Haruka is extremely strong and has some psychic sensitivity (mostly in the form of dreams, shared by Michiru and Setsuna, or by "hearing" ill omens in the wind), she is not shown using any special powers in her civilian form. She must first transform into a Sailor Soldier by raising her hand or a special device into the air and shouting a special phrase, originally "Uranus Planet Power, Make-up!"[13] In the manga she eventually gains her Uranus Crystal and this phrase changes to evoke Uranus Crystal Power.[14] In the anime, although she does upgrade to Super Sailor Uranus, the Crystal is never mentioned and her transformation is not shown on screen.[15]

text: Sailor Uranus' powers are inspired by Roman mythology, where Uranus is the god of the sky. They are also inspired by Western astrology, where the planet Uranus is associated with natural disasters, such as "earthquakes, tornadoes, typhoons and hurricanes."[16] Her first attack is World Shaking;[17] she gathers energy from the sky and sends it toward to her foes by smashing the energy against the ground. She is given three major attacks in the series, and although they all have English names (like those of the other Sailor Soldiers), each is also given kanji in the manga to denote the meaning to Japanese readers. For example, World Shaking is given kanji which translate to "sky" (天), "world" (界), and "shake" (震).[11] The intended English pronunciation is given in furigana. This is Sailor Uranus's primary attack for most of the anime series.

text: Haruka carries a special blade, the Space Sword, which is one of three powerful Talismans, the other two of which are carried by Sailor Neptune and Sailor Pluto. In the manga, she seems to already know it is a Talisman; in the anime, she does not gain the sword until it is revealed as such.[18] In either case, it is used in her second attack, Space Sword Blaster[19] (宇宙剣乱風, "space sword chaos wind"),[11] which fires damaging energy, as well as in physical strikes.

text: Her third and final attack, appearing only in the manga, is called Space Turbulence (宇宙乱気流),[20] which uses no item at all. The Uranus Crystal is perhaps her most important possession, as it is her Sailor Crystal and the source of all her power, which becomes especially important in the fifth story arc. It is given to her by Sailor Saturn.[11]

text: Development[edit]

text: The character of Sailor Uranus was not developed until partway through the Sailor Moon series, after the Sailor Soldiers were well-established. She was created in tandem with Sailor Neptune, as "complementary but opposite characters,"[21] and meant from the beginning to work alongside Sailor Pluto. Creator Naoko Takeuchi has said that she was shocked by the changes made to Haruka's personality in the anime series, but that she was glad fans still liked the character.[22]

text: Initial drawings of Haruka are softer and more feminine than they would later become; she was originally intended to be involved in the all-female Takarazuka Revue, playing male roles on stage.[23] Although this was not included in the series itself, Takeuchi stated in an interview that she feels Takarazuka is "the maximum level of feminine emancipation. These actress cover all roles of the plays, even the male ones. I was inspired by them to create Haruka."[24] She also described such a figure as "the female best friend and the fairy tale prince in one," stating that she had wanted for a long time to include a character like this in one of her works. Haruka is intended as an older sister figure for the younger girls populating the series, and as a counterpoint to Mamoru, Takeuchi's ideal man.[25]

text: Haruka is relatively androgynous in the manga, wearing both feminine and masculine outfits, in tune with the traditional depiction of a beautiful androgynous woman in shōjo comics. Takeuchi drew Haruka as physically different when she dresses in male clothes, with a more masculine figure than otherwise.[26] She even refers to Haruka as being "in male form" at these times, and stated that she wanted this to continue in the anime—which it did.[22] In the anime, Haruka's sometimes-feminine appearance is downplayed, and she almost always appears as a man.

text: Haruka's fascination with racing draws at least some of its details from Takeuchi herself; in the manga, they even share a favorite car, the Ferrari 512M.[22] In the anime, she is seen driving either a yellow or white 1968 Toyota 2000GT open-top (resembling the custom "Bond Model"), or, once, a 1990 montego blue Mazda Mx-5 Miata.[citation needed]

text: The kanji of Haruka's surname translate as "sky" (天, ten) and "king" (王, ō). Together, they constitute most of the name of the planet Uranus in Japanese, Ten'ōsei (天王星, "sky king star").[27][28] Her given name is in hiragana haruka (はるか) and so its meaning is not inherent, but the word itself means "distant" (遥). Her family name is sometimes incorrectly romanized as Tennō, which is in fact a more common writing of the planet's name,[29] but the manga invariably glosses Haruka's surname as Ten'ō where furigana are used, and it is pronounced this way in the anime.

text: Actresses[edit]

text: In the Japanese anime and movies, Haruka Tenoh is voiced by veteran voice actress Megumi Ogata, who had previously portrayed a monster-of-the-day, Petz, and young Mamoru in the series.[30] Ogata was instructed by the director to portray Haruka as if she and Michiru were a married couple. In 1995, Ogata won the 16th Animage Anime Grand Prix award for best voice actress, largely because of her work as Sailor Uranus, breaking up a 12-win streak by Megumi Hayashibara. The previous year she had ranked third, and she ranked second for the next three years before dropping to ninth place in 1999.[31] In the third season of Sailor Moon Crystal, she is voiced by Junko Minagawa.[32]

text: In English, Haruka is voiced by Erica Mendez.[33]

text: In the stage musicals, Haruka has been played by 5 actresses: Sanae Kimura, Nao Takagi, Asako Uchida, Akiko Nakayama, and Shu Shiotsuki.[34][35] Sanae Kimura regarded the betrayal of Uranus and Neptune in her last musical, Eien Densetsu kaiteiban, to be a very difficult scene for her and cried during it.[36]

text: Nao Takagi, the longest-running of the musical actresses, decided that she wanted to play the role of the "Sailor Soldier with the blonde hair" when she saw one of the earlier musicals, despite having never performed before.[37] Takagi said she was "really happy to be able to play Uranus" and regarded Uranus as "a completely cool, handsome Soldier".[38] She has stated that certain scenes involving herself and Yuhka Asami (as Sailor Neptune) were specially created just for the two of them, the song "Destined Couple" in particular.[39]

text: Reception and influence[edit]

text: The official Sailor Moon popularity polls listed Haruka Tenoh and Sailor Uranus as separate characters. In 1994, with fifty one choices, Sailor Uranus was the sixth most popular character, receiving over nine thousand votes more than Haruka, who was the tenth.[40] In early 1996, with fifty one choices, Uranus was the tenth most popular character, and Haruka was the twelfth.[41] Haruka Tenoh came first in the favorite female character poll in Animage 1995.[42] The following year she came seventh.[43] Mari Nishimura found that Haruka became "very popular" with female fans due to her "clear male attributes".[44]

text: Sailor Uranus has been described as having "clearly masculine traits", and that she protects Usagi "as a man would a woman." She is presented as more willing to resort to whatever means is necessary, and as physically stronger.[45]

text: Censorship[edit]

text: In an effort to avoid the controversy that a lesbian character in a cartoon aimed towards a younger audience would cause, given the social mores, Haruka and Michiru's relationship has been censored in certain countries. In North America, the former English dub stated that Haruka and Michiru are "cousins;" even going so far as to occasionally state this through characters who should not know such information. However, whether in an attempt to be more faithful to the original Japanese or through sheer failure to edit consistently, several episodes of the former English dub retained a noticeable amount of their casual flirting.[46] Due to the censorship and problematic dubbing, some viewers inferred not only a homosexual relationship between the two girls, but also an incestuous one. It has even been implied that the difficulties in dubbing Haruka and Michiru's relationship are part of the reason why there was a gap of several years between the dubbing of the earlier series and the dubbing of Sailor Moon S.[47] However, it should be noted that in Japan, there were also some controversies around the character.[48] Viz Media and Studiopolis' English-language redub of the series in 2016 would address the censorship issue by restoring any deleted scenes and preserving the integrity of the original Japanese scripts.


document_title: Scary Movie 2

question_text: who plays the priest in scary movie 2

question_tokens: who plays the priest in scary movie 2

root

text: Scary Movie 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: A teenage girl named Megan Voorhees (Natasha Lyonne) becomes possessed by the spirit of Hugh Kane (Richard Moll), the house's previous owner. During a formal dinner party she emerges in her pajamas, insults her mother and the guests, then proceeds to urinate profusely on the floor. In response, Megan's mother (Veronica Cartwright) seeks help from two priests, Father McFeely (James Woods) and Father Harris (Andy Richter). After paying a trip to the bathroom, the men attempt to drive Hugh's ghost out, but the exorcism does not go as planned. After a chain of projectile vomits and various instances of pedophilia, Megan insults Father McFeely's mother. He responds by pulling out a gun and shooting Megan.

tag: p

text: Meanwhile, Cindy Campbell (Anna Faris), Brenda Meeks (Regina Hall), Ray Wilkins (Shawn Wayans), and Shorty Meeks (Marlon Wayans) are at college, trying to live new lives since the events of the first film. Cindy and Brenda get tagged by a socially maladjusted girl, Alex (Tori Spelling). Shorty is still the same stoner he was before. Ray, still confused about his sexuality, has two new male friends, Tommy (James DeBello) and Buddy (Christopher Masterson). Buddy becomes romantically interested in Cindy, but she rebuffs him.

text: Tim Curry (Tim Curry) and his charming paraplegic assistant, Dwight Hartman (David Cross), plan to study the paranormal activity at a local haunted mansion called Hell House. They use Cindy and her friends as test subjects. At the mansion, Cindy encounters a foul-mouthed parrot and Hanson (Chris Elliott), the caretaker with a badly malformed hand. Later, the group is joined by newcomer Theo (Kathleen Robertson). They sit down for dinner, but soon lose their appetite due to Hanson's repulsive antics.

text: Later that night, Cindy hears voices directing her to a secret room, where she and Buddy discover the diary of Hugh Kane's wife. Seeing her portrait, they note Cindy's resemblance to her. Meanwhile, other teens also experience bizarre encounters. Hugh Kane's ghost has sex with Alex in her bedroom, but retreats when Alex expresses her interest in becoming the new Mrs. Kane. Cindy gets involved in a fistfight with the house cat, Mr. Kittles. A toy clown (Suli McCullough) attempts to kill Ray, but in a strange turn of events, the clown doll gets raped by Ray instead. A weed-monster rolls Shorty into a joint. It tries to smoke him, but gets distracted by munchies and lets him escape.

text: Tim Curry is seduced and killed by the ghost of Hugh's mistress. Shorty later encounters the same ghost, but seduces and has sex with her. After Dwight equips the teens with weapons that can injure their spectral enemy, they are pursued throughout the mansion. Buddy and Cindy get locked in the walk-in freezer. Cindy gives Buddy a handjob and "revives" him, resuting him to release semen blasting Cindy to the door. Cindy then uses a collection of random objects in the room to produce a Caterpillar tractor and escapes the freezer.

text: Hanson gets possessed by Kane and kidnaps Shorty, who is high on drugs. In the dining room, Hanson sets up a cooker and cuts off the top of Shorty's head. Instead of a brain, there is a small man rapping (Beetlejuice) inside. Cindy, Brenda, and Theo team up to fight Hanson, but wind up defeated. Dwight regroups with the teens. Cindy acts as bait to lure Kane into a device that will destroy him. The plan succeeds, freeing the group from the house's curse.

text: Two months later, Cindy and Buddy are in a relationship. They are out on a walk when Buddy disappears and Hanson shows up. As he closes in menacingly, he gets hit by a car. The car's driver is Shorty, who is receiving a blowjob from the ghost that he seduced earlier.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anna Faris as Cindy Campbell
Regina Hall as Brenda Meeks
Shawn Wayans as Ray Wilkins
Marlon Wayans as Shorty Meeks
Chris Masterson as Buddy Sanderson
Kathleen Robertson as Theo
David Cross as Dwight Hartman
James Woods as Father McFeely
Tim Curry as Professor Oldman
Tori Spelling as Alex Monday
Chris Elliott as Hanson
Andy Richter as Father Harris
Richard Moll as Hugh Kane (Hell House Ghost)
Veronica Cartwright as Mrs. Voorhees
Natasha Lyonne as Megan Voorhees
James DeBello as Tommy
Beetlejuice as Shorty's brain
Matt Friedman (voice) as Polly the parrot
Vitamin C (voice) as herself
Suli McCullough (voice) as Clown

tag: ul

text: Background[edit]

text: The film is a sequel to Scary Movie. According to director Keenen Ivory Wayans, the makers of the film watched over 130 horror films for background research.[3] Marlon Brando was originally cast as Father McFeely and completed one day of filming before he had to leave the production due to illness.[4] He was replaced by James Woods who was paid $1 million for four days work.[5] Charlton Heston has also turned down the James Woods part. Because Miramax had not greenlit this sequel until the massive box office success of the original, the film faced a punishing production schedule that involved coming up with a script and tearing through production and post-production in a total of less than 9 months, roughly half the average time for all those steps to be completed on a standard Hollywood production in 2000-01.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In North America, the film grossed $71,308,997. Worldwide, it grossed $141,220,678. Although it was a hit, out of the first four Scary Movie films, this was the least successful to date – until the fifth film was released twelve years later.[2][6]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Scary Movie 2 received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 15% based on 109 reviews with an average rating of 3.4/10 The site's critical consensus reads, "Instead of being funny, this gross-out sequel plays like a sloppy, rushed-out product."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 29 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[8] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[9]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film premiered on DVD on December 18, 2001.[10] It was later released on Blu-ray a decade later on September 20, 2011, after Lionsgate purchased Miramax and Dimension Films's catalogues.[11]


document_title: United States Olympic Training Center

question_text: where does the us olympic swim team train

text: United States Olympic Training Center

text: Colorado Springs[edit]

text: The Colorado Springs OTC was the first to be built, and has been the home of the U.S. Olympic Committee since 1978.  Its location on the former Ent Air Force Base was selected for its relatively high elevation, which is often thought to improve training effectiveness. Its facilities include an Olympic-size swimming pool, an indoor shooting range, the Olympic Training Center Velodrome, two sports centers housing numerous gymnasiums and weight rooms, and a sports science laboratory, in addition to an athlete center and dining hall, several dormitories, a visitors' center, and the offices of both the USOC and U.S. Paralympics.

text: Lake Placid[edit]

text: The  Lake Placid OTC facility opened in November 1982, two years after hosting the 1980 Winter Games. The LPOTC is home to four resident sports: Bobsled/Skeleton, Luge, Freestyle Ski, and Biathlon. Athletes from boxing, canoe and kayak, judo, rowing, synchronized swimming, taekwondo, team handball, water polo and wrestling also train frequently on site.[5]

text: Chula Vista (San Diego)[edit]

text:
The third OTC is in Chula Vista, which is located about 7 miles (11 km) south of the city of San Diego, is where the U.S. national rugby sevens team trains. The 150-acre campus features sport venues and support facilities for eight Olympic sports: archery, canoe/kayak, cycling, field hockey, rowing, soccer, softball and track & field.[6] In June 1995, the training center, then known as ARCO Training Center for sponsorship reasons, was open. Over the years more facilities, such as beach volleyball courts and a BMX track, were added.[7]
The Chula Vista OTC is also home to the annual SoCal Showdown, a national-level archery tournament that attracts archers from around the country to compete in a several day competition consisting of qualifications and eliminations.

text: As of January 2017, the training center is owned by the City of Chula Vista, and has been renamed Chula Vista Elite Athlete Training Center.[8]The United States Olympic Committee will continue funding athlete programming at the center at least through 2020.[9]


document_title: Urban rail transit in India

question_text: how many cities in india have metro railway

text: Urban rail transit in India

text: Suburban railway[edit]

text: Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Barabanki–Lucknow, Lucknow–Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long distance trains. The suburban rail system of Chennai and Mumbai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long distance trains

text: The first suburban rail system in India is Mumbai Suburban Railway which started operations in 1853. The Kolkata Suburban Railway has the largest network in the entire country.

text: Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic are all electric multiple units (EMUs). They usually have nine or twelve coaches, sometimes even fifteen to handle rush hour traffic. One unit of an EMU train consists of one power car and two general coaches. Thus a nine coach EMU is made up of three units having one power car at each end and one at the middle. The rakes in the suburban rails run on 25kV AC.[1] Ridership on India's suburban railways has risen from 1.2 million in 1970–71 to 4.4 million in 2012–13. The suburban railways of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai account for about 7.1% of the Indian Railways 20819.3  million train kilometres but contribute 53.2% of all railway passengers.[2] In some cities of India, the opening of rapid transit systems have led to a decline in the use of the suburban rail system.

text:
White background In service
Green background Under construction
Blue background In planning
Yellow background Proposed but not planned
Pink background Proposed to be scrapped

text:
System
City
State
Opening Year
System Length (km)
No of Lines
No of Stations
Gauge
Traction
Notes

Mumbai Suburban Railway
Mumbai
Maharashtra
16 April 1853
427.5
6
140
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE
First suburban railway

Kolkata Suburban Railway
Kolkata
West Bengal
15 August 1854
1243
25
365+
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE
Largest suburban railway

Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway
Lucknow
Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh
23 April 1867
72
2

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Chennai Suburban Railway
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
2 April 1931
303
4
150+
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE
Largest Suburban Railway in South India

Delhi Suburban Railway
Delhi
Delhi
1 October 1975
85+

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Pune Suburban Railway
Pune
Maharashtra
16 April 1978
63
2

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System
Hyderabad
Telangana
9 August 2003
43
3
36
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway
Barabanki
Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh
9 August 2013
36
2

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Pernem–Karwar Suburban Railway
Goa
Karwar
Goa, Karnataka
1 April 2015
100
1

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Bengaluru Commuter Rail
Bengaluru
Karnataka
Planning
200
2

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Ahmedabad Suburban Railway
Ahmedabad
Gujarat
Planning
52.96
2

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Coimbatore Suburban Railway
Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu
Proposed

2

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
25kV AC
OHE

Delhi–Alwar Regional Rapid Transit System
Delhi
Alwar
Delhi, Rajasthan
Proposed

Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System
Delhi
Meerut
Delhi, Uttar Pradesh
Proposed

Delhi–Panipat Regional Rapid Transit System
Delhi
Panipat
Delhi, Haryana
Proposed

tag: table

text: Metro[edit]

text: There are currently 11 operational rapid transit (also called 'metro') systems in ten cities in India. As of November 2017, India has 425 kilometres (264 miles) of operational metro lines and 347 stations. A further 500+ km of lines are under construction. Metro rail lines in India are composed of mainly standard gauge. Projects like the Kolkata Metro and Delhi Metro used broad gauge for their earliest lines but all new projects in India are on standard gauge as rolling stock imported is of standard gauge.

text: The first rapid transit system in India is Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. The Delhi Metro has the largest network in the entire country. The newest metro opened in Hyderabad Metro on 29 November 2017.

text: In 2006, the National Urban Transport Policy proposed the construction of a metro rail system in every city with a population of 20 lakh (2 million).[3] On 11 August 2014, Union Government announced that it would provide financial assistance, for the implementation of a metro rail system, to all Indian cities having a population of more than 1 million.[4][5] In May 2015, the Union Government approved the Union Urban Development Ministry's proposal to implement metro rail systems in 50 cities. The majority of the planned projects will be implemented through special purpose vehicles, which will be established as 50:50 joint ventures between the Union and respective State Government. The Union Government will invest an estimated ₹5 lakh crore (US$77 billion).[6][7] In a new draft policy unveiled in March 2017, the Central Government stated that it wanted state governments to consider metro rail as the "last option" and implement it only after considering all other possible mass rapid transit systems. The decision was taken due to the high cost of constructing metro rail systems.[8] In August 2017, the Union Government announced that it would not provide financial assistance to new metro rail project, unless some sort of private partnership is involved.[9][10][11]

text:
White background In service
Green background Under construction
Blue background In planning
Yellow background Proposed but not planned
Pink background Defunct

text:
System
City
State
Opening
System Length (km)
No of Lines[a]
No of Stations[b]
Gauge
Traction
Notes

IO[c]
UC[d]
Planned[e]

Kolkata Metro
Kolkata
West Bengal
24 October 1984
27.22
113.42

1
24
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
750 V DC Third rail
First mass rapid transit /metro rail system in India and the 17th zone of the Indian Railways.Its First in India to have the Third rail for power supply and the first to use fully Made in India metro coaches by ICF & BEML, First metro in India to run under-water through tunnel line below Hooghly river.

Delhi Metro
Delhi NCR
Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
24 December 2002
277
103[12]
111[13]
8
184
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
India's first modern rapid transit/metro system.

Namma Metro
Bengaluru
Karnataka
20 October 2011
42.30
34.37
57.07
2
41
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
750 V DC Third rail
First metro in southern India and also first to have the third rail for power supply in south India & to introduce Wi-Fi onboard trains.[14]

Rapid Metro
Gurgaon
Haryana
14 November 2013
11.7

1
11
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
750 V DC Third rail
India's first fully privately financed metro,[15] and the first metro system in the country to auction naming rights for its stations.[16]

Mumbai Metro
Mumbai
Maharashtra
8 June 2014
11.4
68.6
156.8
1
12
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
India's first public private partnership (PPP) metro system with Reliance group.

Jaipur Metro
Jaipur
Rajasthan
3 June 2015
9.63
2.4
23.01
1
9
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
Double-story elevated road and Metro track project for the first time in the country.

Chennai Metro
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
29 June 2015
35
18.52
104.4
2
26
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
First metro rail in the country to connect two lines {blue & green} through loop line to run direct service from the airport to central even though had interchange station at Alandur. First metro in India for underground stations with sliding doors.First Metro service in India to use ALSTOM coaches.

Kochi Metro
Kochi
Kerala
17 June 2017[17]
18.4
25.6
56.7
3
49
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
750 V DC Third rail
First Indian metro to go live with CBTC signalling.[18][19][20][21] The first metro in India to have QR code based ticket instead of tokens. First metro to had fully made in India Alstom coaches. The first metro in India to have theme-based stations.[21][22][23] the first government-owned company in India to formally appoint transgenders [24]. [25] First Indian Public Transport Organisation in the country to adopt an open-data approach and to Provide transit data in General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) format [26][27] Kochi metro has India's first open-loop transit card (Kochi-1 card) for travel. [28]

Lucknow Metro
Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh
5 September 2017
8.5
33
140
2
33
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
The fastest built and commissioned metro system in the world.[29][30][31] Opened to the public on 5 September 2017.[32][33][34]

Hyderabad Metro
Hyderabad
Telangana
29 November 2017[35]
30
41.6
168
3
64
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
India's first metro to have CBTC and integrated telecommunications and supervision systems, i.e. driver less metro. Longest route length commissioned in the first phase among all metros(30☃☃km) . It is a Public-Private Partnership with L&T.

Nagpur Metro
Nagpur
Maharashtra
May 2018[36]

43
93
2
42
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
Fastest built metro in India to reach at triastage, Trail run conducted on 30 September 2017[37]

Noida Metro
Noida
Uttar Pradesh
September 2018[38]

29.7

1
22
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE
Construction was started in late 2014.

Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad & Gandhinagar
Gujarat
December 2018[39]

19
37.766[40]
2
32
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
750 V DC Third rail
Construction began on 15 March 2015.[41]

Navi Mumbai Metro
Navi Mumbai
Maharashtra
May 2019[42]

11.10
12.30[43]
1
20
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC OHE

Pune Metro
Pune
Maharashtra
2021[44]

60.51

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Construction began in May 2017.[45]

Kanpur Metro
Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh
2021

24
38
2
24
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25 kv AC OHE
DPR approved by the state cabinet on 17 January 2018.[46]

Visakhapatnam Metro
Visakhapatnam
Andhra Pradesh
2021

39

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
N/A
Govt. to take up the Project under PPP model, RFP invited and Tender may be awarded before June -2018.[47] DPR prepared and to be submitted.[48][49][50][51]

Surat Metro
Surat
Gujarat
2023[52]

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
N/A
DPR submitted to the Union Cabinet.[53]

Patna Metro
Patna
Bihar
2022

60[54]
5
54
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
25kV AC OHE
Work on Patna Metro Rail Project to begin in 2019[55]

Coimbatore Metro
Coimbatore
Tamil nadu
2022

3
24
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25 kv AC
OHE

DPR being prepared.[56]

Guwahati Metro
Guwahati
Assam
2022

61.4

TBD
N/A
DPR approved by the sate cabinet.[57]

Bhopal Metro
Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh
2024[58]

85[58]

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC
DPR approved by state cabinet.[59]

Agra Metro
Agra
Uttar Pradesh
2024[60][61][62]

27[63]

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
N/A
DPR approved by the state cabinet on 17 January 2018.[46]

Meerut Metro
Meerut
Uttar Pradesh
2024[60][61][62]

30

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
N/A
DPR approved by the state cabinet on 17 January 2018.[46]

Varanasi Metro
Varanasi
Uttar Pradesh
2024[60][61][62]

25[64]
[65]

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
N/A
DPR approved by the state cabinet.[60][61][62]

Kozhikode Light Metro
Kozhikode
Kerala
2025[66]

22[66]

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
N/A
DPR prepared by DMRC; awaiting state cabinet approval.[67]

Indore Metro
Indore
Madhya Pradesh
2025[68]

107[69]

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
25kV AC
DPR approved by state cabinet.[59]

Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro
Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala
2025[70]

22[70]

TBD
N/A
DPR approved and submitted by DMRC in November 2017; awaiting state cabinet approval.[71]

Dehradun Metro
Dehradun - Rishikesh - Haridwar
Uttarakand
2025

73
2

TBD
N/A
DPR being prepared.[72][73]

Srinagar Metro
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
2025

N/A
N/A
DPR being prepared.[74]

Greater Gwalior Metro
Gwalior
Madhya Pradesh
2025

105

N/A
N/A
DPR being prepared.

Jabalpur Metro
Jabalpur
Madhya Pradesh
2025

N/A
N/A
DPR being prepared.

Greater Nashik Metro
Nashik
Maharashtra
2025

N/A
N/A
Proposed metro line which will connect Igatpuri, Deolali, Nashik Road, Nasik Central and Ozar Airport.

Western railway elevated corridor
Mumbai
Maharashtra
2025

63.27

1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
N/A
Rejected because of infeasibility.

Chandigarh Metro
Chandigarh Tricity
Punjab

37.5

TBD
N/A
Rejected because of commercial viability.[75]

Bareilly Metro
Bareilly
Uttar Pradesh

Proposed

Ludhiana Metro
Ludhiana
Punjab

Proposed

Allahabad Metro
Allahabad
Uttar Pradesh

Proposed

Ranchi Metro
Ranchi
Jharkhand

Proposed

text: Monorail[edit]

text: The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February 2014 is the first operational monorail system used for rapid transit in independent India.[76] Many other Indian cities have monorail projects, as a feeder system to the metro, in different phases of planning.

text:
System
City
State
Opening Year
System Length (km)
No of Lines
No of Stations
Traction
Notes

Mumbai Monorail
Mumbai
Maharashtra
2 February 2014
8.26
1
7
750 V DC Third rail

Chennai Monorail
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
2018
57
3
37

Centre approved Chennai monorail project, to be implemented under DBFOT model.[77][78][79][80][81]

Kolkata Monorail
Kolkata
West Bengal

72
2

Allahabad Monorail
Allahabad
Uttar Pradesh

70.4
2

Bengaluru Monorail
Bengaluru
Karnataka

60

Delhi Monorail
Delhi
Delhi

90
6

Indore Monorail
Indore
Madhya Pradesh

Kanpur Monorail
Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh

63
3

Navi Mumbai Monorail
Navi Mumbai
Maharashtra

36.82
2

Patna Monorail
Patna
Bihar

32
4

Pune Monorail
Pune
Maharashtra

52
2

Ahmedabad Monorail
Ahmedabad
Gujarat

30
4

Aizawl Monorail
Aizawl
Mizoram

Bhubaneswar Monorail
Bhubaneswar
Odisha

Jodhpur Monorail
Jodhpur
Rajasthan

[82][83][84][85][86]

Kota Monorail
Kota
Rajasthan

[82][83][84][85][86]

Nagpur Monorail
Nagpur
Maharashtra

50

DPR is being prepared.[87]

Nashik Monorail
Nashik
Maharashtra

130

DPR is being prepared.

Hyderabad Monorail
Hyderabad
Telangana

15

Proposed.

Tiruchirappalli Monorail
Tiruchirappalli
Tamil Nadu

Proposed.

Ranchi Monorail
Ranchi
Jharkhand

Proposed.

Coimbatore Monorail
Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu

Proposed.

Thiruvananthapuram Monorail
Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala

Proposed.

Warangal Monorail
Warangal
Telangana

Proposed.

text: Light rail[edit]

text: Like monorail, light rail is also considered as a feeder system for the Metro systems. Two light rail projects have been proposed respectively in Delhi and Kolkata. There would be a total number of 68 stations of light rail in India.

text:
System
City
State
Opening Year
System Length (km)
No of Lines
No of Stations
Gauge
Traction
Notes

Vijayawada Metro
Vijayawada
Andhra Pradesh
2020

1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

[88]

Kolkata Light Rail Transit
Kolkata
West Bengal

2
12
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
750 V DC Third rail

Delhi Light Rail Transit
Delhi
Delhi

45
3

text: Tram[edit]

text: In addition to trains, trams were introduced in many cities in late 19th century, though almost all of these were phased out. The Trams in Kolkata is currently the only tram system in the country. The Calcutta Tramways Company (Now under WBTC) is in the process of upgrading the existing tramway network at a cost of ₹240 million (US$3.7 million).[89]

text:
System
City
State
Opening Year
System Length (km)
No of Lines
No of Stations
Gauge
Traction
Notes

Kolkata Tram
Kolkata
West Bengal
1873
57.17
25
NA
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
550 V DC
OHE
First and only operational tram system in India

text: Rolling stock manufacturers[edit]

text: There are three metro rolling stock manufacturers in India. Bharat Earth Movers is the only Indian rolling stock manufacturer. The other manufacturers are the Indian subsidiaries of Canadian firm Bombardier and French company Alstom. Under the Union Government's Make in India program, 75% of the rolling stock procured for use on Indian metro systems are required to be manufactured in India.[90]

text: Bharat Earth Movers manufactures of Rolling Stock consortium with Hyundai Mitsubishi Rotem.

text:
Delhi Metro – 200 coaches
Hyderabad Metro – 171 coaches
Namma Metro – 150 coaches
Kolkata Metro – 84 coaches
Jaipur Metro – 40 coaches
Nagpur metro - 9(On lease from Hyderabad metro)

text: Bombardier built a £26m factory in Savli, Gujarat after it won a contract to supply 614 cars to the Delhi Metro.[91] Production at Savli began in June 2009.[92] In June 2012, the plant won an order to supply semi-finished bogies to Australia.[92]

text: In 2013, Alstom built a factory in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh after it won a €243 million contract to supply 168 cars to the Chennai Metro.[93] The 156-acre plant will be used to supply trains to cities in India and abroad.[94]

text:
Chennai Metro – 168 coaches
Lucknow Metro – 80 coaches
Kochi Metro – 75 coaches

text: Integral Coach Factory manufactures Rolling Stock, ICF has manufactured "Medha Rakes" and is in the process of supplying them to various metro systems.

text: Chinese firm CRRC is planning to set up a manufacturing plant in Nagpur, Maharashtra

text: Legislation[edit]

text: The subject of Railways is in the Union List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, giving Parliament the exclusive power to enact legislation concerning it. According to former Minister of Urban Development Kamal Nath, "Since the Metro rail is a central subject, it has been decided that all such projects in the country, whether within one municipal area or beyond, shall be taken up under the Central Metro Acts."[95]

text: Construction of metros in India is governed by the centrally enacted The Metro Railways (Construction of Works) Act, 1978 which defines itself as an act to provide for the construction of works relating to metro railways in the metropolitan cities and for matters connected therewith.[96] Operation and maintenance of metros are governed by The Delhi Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002. Both laws were amended in 2009 with the passing of The Metro Railways (Amendment) Act, 2009.[97] The amendment expanded the coverage of both the acts to all metropolitan areas of India.

text: Initially, state governments attempted to implement metro rail projects through various Tramways Act. However, the Commissioner of Railways Safety (CRS), who operates under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, is tasked with providing safety certification for metro rail projects. The CRS refused safety certification unless the projects were implemented under a Metro Act enacted by the state government and published in The Gazette of India.[98] Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO), another railway entity, also refused certification to projects not implemented under the criteria. Subsequently, several state governments have enacted their own Metro Acts.[98]


document_title: Rise of the Guardians

question_text: who does the voices in rise of the guardians

text: Rise of the Guardians

text: Plot[edit]

text: Jack Frost awakens from a frozen pond with amnesia. Upon realizing no one can see or hear him, he disappears. Three hundred years later Jack, as the spirit of Winter, enjoys delivering snow days to school kids, but resents that they don't believe in him. At the North Pole, the Man in the Moon warns Nicholas St. North that Pitch Black is threatening the children of the world with his nightmares. He calls E. Aster Bunnymund, Sandy, and Tooth, to arms. They are then told that Jack Frost has been chosen to be a new Guardian. Jack is unimpressed by this position, as he still resents not being believed in, but North convinces him to aid them.

text: Visiting Tooth's world, Jack learns that baby teeth contain childhood memories of the children who lost them; Jack's teeth are included, but tells Tooth he doesn't remember. However, Pitch raids Tooth's home in order to kidnap all of her subordinate tooth fairies except Baby Tooth, whom Jack saved, so that the children's teeth can't be collected and steals all the teeth, thus preventing Tooth from sharing Jack's memories and causing children to not believe in Tooth. In order to thwart Pitch's plan, the group decides to collect children's teeth. During their journey, a quarrel between North and Bunnymund awakens a boy, Jamie. Since he still believes, he can see everybody except for Jack. Pitch's nightmares then attack, provoking Sandy as the Guardian of Dreams. Jack aids, but Sandy is killed by Pitch.

text: As Easter approaches, the dejected Guardians gather in Bunnymund's home. With the unexpected aid of Jamie's little sister, Sophie, they begin the process of painting eggs for Easter. After Jack takes Sophie home, he is lured to Pitch's lair by a voice. Pitch taunts him with his memories and fear of non-belief, distracting him long enough for Pitch to destroy the eggs, causing children to stop believing in Easter and Bunnymund. Losing his trust in the Guardians, Jack isolates himself in Antarctica, where Pitch tries to convince him to join his side. When Jack refuses, Pitch threatens to kill Baby Tooth unless Jack gives him his staff. He agrees, but Pitch breaks Jack's staff and throws him down a chasm. Unlocking his memories, he learns that he was a mortal teenager who fell into ice while saving his younger sister. Inspired, Jack fixes his staff and returns to the lair to rescue the kidnapped baby fairies.

text: Due to Pitch, every child in the world except Jamie disbelieves, weakening the Guardians. Finding Jamie's belief wavering, Jack makes it snow in his room, renewing belief and causing Jack to be seen and heard for the first time. Jack and Jamie gather the boy's friends, whose renewed belief bolsters their fight against Pitch. Pitch threatens them, but their dreams prove stronger than his nightmares, resulting in Sandy's resurrection. Defeated and disbelieved in, Pitch tries to retreat, but his nightmares, sensing his fear, turn on him and trap him in his lair. Afterward, Jamie and his friends bid goodbye to the Guardians as Jack accepts his place as the Guardian of Fun.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chris Pine as Jack Frost, the spirit of winter.[7] Jack Frost is a teenage hellion who enjoys creating mischief and has no interest in being bound by rules or obligations; he just wants to spread his winter magic for the sake of fun, but also wants to be believed in. At the end of the film, Jack becomes the Guardian of Fun.
Jude Law as Pitch Black (The Boogeyman), the essence of fear and the Nightmare King.[7]
Alec Baldwin as North (Santa Claus), the leader of the guardians,[7] and the Guardian of Wonder. He lives at the North Pole in his Ice Castle and is served by loyal North Pole natives, the Yetis (who built the castle and workshop) and the Christmas Elves. He carries a Russian accent/culture persona.[8]
Hugh Jackman as Bunnymund (Easter Bunny), the fabled keeper and bringer of Easter eggs and the Guardian of Hope. He has an Australian accent.[7]
Isla Fisher as Tooth Fairy or Tooth for short, the mythical tooth collector and the Guardian of Memories.[7] Tooth is part human and part hummingbird. Assisted by mini fairies that are split-off extensions of herself, she collects the children's teeth, which hold their most precious memories. Tooth stores them in her palace and returns memories when they are needed the most."[9]
The Sandman, or Sandy for short, the Guardian of Dreams is the oldest of the Guardians[10] and the first Guardian chosen by Man in the Moon.[11] He does not speak, but communicates through sand images that he conjures above his head.[12]
Dakota Goyo as Jamie Bennett, a child who has not given up on believing in the Guardians.[13]
Georgie Grieve as Sophie Bennett, Jamie's little sister
Dominique Grund as Cupcake
Olivia Mattingly as Pippa

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2005, William Joyce and Reel FX launched a joint venture, Aimesworth Amusements,[14] to produce CG-animated feature films,[15] one of which was set to be The Guardians of Childhood, based on Joyce's idea.[16] The film was not realized, but they did create a short animated film, The Man in the Moon, directed by Joyce, which introduced the Guardians idea,[16] and served as an inspiration for the film.[2]

text: Early in 2008, Joyce sold the film rights to DreamWorks Animation,[17] after the studio assured him it would respect his vision for the characters and that he would be involved with the creative process.[18] In November 2009, it was revealed that DreamWorks had hired Peter Ramsey to make his feature debut as director of what was then titled The Guardians, and playwright David Lindsay-Abaire to script.[19] Joyce acted as a co-director for the first few years, but left this position after the death of his daughter Mary Katherine,[17] who died of a brain tumor.[18] Joyce continued to assist as an executive producer, while Ramsey took over full directing, making him the first African American to direct a big-budget CG animated film.[20] As with some previous DreamWorks films, Guillermo del Toro came on board as an executive producer. Present almost from the beginning,[21] he was able to help shape the story, character design, theme and structure of the film.[22] He said he was proud that the filmmakers were making parts of the film "dark and moody and poetic," and expressed hope this might "set a different tone for family movies, for entertainment movies."[21] The final title, Rise of the Guardians was announced in early 2011, along with the first cast.[7]

text: Roger Deakins, the cinematographer who had already worked on the previous DreamWorks' film, How to Train Your Dragon, advised on the lighting to achieve its real look. He selected photographic references for color keys, and during the production gave notes on contrast, saturation, depth of field and light intensity.[23] The film contains a lot of special effects, particularly the volumetric particles for depicting Sandman and Pitch.[24] For this, DreamWorks Animation developed OpenVDB, a more efficient tool and format for manipulating and storing volume data, like smoke and other amorphous materials. OpenVDB had been already used on Puss in Boots and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, and was released in August 2012 for free as an open source project with a hope to become an industry standard.[25]

text: Although the film is based on the Joyce's book series, it contains differences from the books. The book series, begun in 2011, explains the origins of the characters, while the film takes place about 300 years after the books, and shows how the characters function in present time. Joyce explained, "Because I don't want people to read the book and then go see the movie and go, 'Oh, I like the book better,' and I also didn't want them to know what happens in the movie. And I also knew that during the progress of film production, a lot of things can change. So I wanted to have a sort of distance, so we were able to invoke the books and use them to help us figure out the world of the movie, but I didn't want them to be openly competitive to each other."[17] The idea for the Guardians came from Joyce's daughter, who asked him "if he thought Santa Claus had ever met the Easter Bunny." The film includes a dedication to her,[18] as well a song, "Still Dream," sung over the end credits.[26]

text: Originally, the film was set to be released on November 2, 2012, but DreamWorks Animation pushed the film to November 21, 2012 to avoid competition with Pixar's upcoming film Monsters University, which in turn had been pushed to November 2, 2012 to avoid competition with The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2.[27] Monsters University was then pushed to June 21, 2013, with Disney's Wreck-It Ralph taking its place.[28]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: French composer Alexandre Desplat composed the original music for the film, which was released on November 13, 2012 by Varèse Sarabande. The score was recorded in London at Abbey Road Studios and Air Studios, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, with a choral contribution by London Voices. David Lindsay-Abaire wrote the lyrics for the end-credit song, "Still Dream," which was performed by soprano Renée Fleming.[29] Stravinsky's Firebird Suite can also be heard during the scene where North first appears. This film marks the first time that a DreamWorks Animation film has not been composed by Hans Zimmer or a member of his Remote Control Productions family of composers (mainly John Powell, Henry Jackman, Harry Gregson-Williams or his brother Rupert Gregson-Williams).

text:
Rise of the Guardians

Film score by Alexandre Desplat

Released
November 13, 2012

Recorded
2012

Genre
Score

Length
67:47

Label
Varèse Sarabande

Producer
Alexandre Desplat

Alexandre Desplat film scores chronology

Argo
(2012)Argo2012
Rise of the Guardians
(2012)
Zero Dark Thirty
(2012)Zero Dark Thirty2012

text:
Track listing:[30]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Still Dream" (performed by Renée Fleming)
3:12

2.
"Calling the Guardians"
2:06

3.
"Alone in the World"
2:04

4.
"Fanfare of the Elves"
0:53

5.
"Wind Take Me Home!"
1:28

6.
"Dreamsand"
2:03

7.
"Pitch on the Globe"
0:57

8.
"The Moon"
1:32

9.
"Snowballs"
1:31

10.
"Busy Workshop"
1:33

11.
"Sleigh Launch"
1:45

12.
"Nightmares Attack"
7:17

13.
"Tooth Collection"
2:22

14.
"Jamie's Bedroom"
2:31

15.
"Jack & Sandman"
4:18

16.
"Memorial"
1:21

17.
"Guardians Regroup"
0:58

18.
"Easter"
3:39

19.
"Jack Betrays"
3:20

20.
"Kids Stop Believing"
2:35

21.
"Jack's Memories"
2:24

22.
"Pitch at North Pole"
2:00

23.
"Jamie Believes"
3:01

24.
"Jack's Center"
4:52

25.
"Sandman Returns"
2:36

26.
"Dreamsand Miracles"
2:18

27.
"Oath of the Guardians"
3:11

Total length:
67:47

text: Release[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians had its premiere on October 10, 2012, at The Mill Valley Film Festival in Mill Valley, California,[1] followed by the international premiere at The International Rome Film Festival on November 13, 2012.[31][32] Under distribution by Paramount Pictures, the film was released on November 21, 2012, in American theaters.[27] Digitally re-mastered into IMAX 3D, it was shown in limited international and domestic IMAX theaters.[33] It was the second film released in the firm Barco's Auro 11.1 3D audio format, after Red Tails.[34] The film was also shown in Dolby Atmos, a surround sound technology introduced in 2012.[35] Rise of the Guardians was the last DreamWorks Animation film distributed by Paramount, as DreamWorks has signed a five-year distribution deal with 20th Century Fox, which started in 2013 with The Croods.[6]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians was released on Blu-ray Disc (2D and 3D) and DVD on March 12, 2013.[36]

text: That was the last DreamWorks Animation home media release to be distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment, since 20th Century Fox announced its distribution agreement with DreamWorks Animation a few months before the theatrical release.[6] The film was more successful at home media sales than at the box office, having at the end of the second quarter of 2013 "the highest box office to DVD conversion ratio among major releases."[37] In the first quarter of 2013, it sold 3.2 million home entertainment units worldwide,[38] and in the second quarter 0.9 million units, for a total of 4.1 million units.[39] As of August 2013, 2 million DVDs were sold domestically.[40]

text: It was re-released on DVD on November 5, 2013 and comes with a wind-up marching elf toy.[41]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Based on 148 reviews, the film holds a rating of 74% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 6.5/10, based on 149 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: "A sort of Avengers for the elementary school set, Rise of the Guardians is wonderfully animated and briskly paced, but it's only so-so in the storytelling department."[42] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 57 based on 34 reviews, or "Mixed or average."[43] The film earned an "A" from audiences polled by CinemaScore.[44]

text: Carrie Rickey of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and found the film's characters to have "a primal familiarity, as though they were developed by a tag team of Maurice Sendak and Walt Disney."[45] Olly Richards of Empire wrote, "It's gorgeously designed, deftly written and frequently laugh-out-loud funny. For child or adult, this is a fantasy to get lost in."[46] The Washington Post's Michael O'Sullivan also gave the film a positive review and said, "Thoughts become things. That's the message of Rise of the Guardians, a charming if slightly dark and cobwebbed animated feature about how believing in something makes it real, or real enough."[47] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars and wrote in his review, "There's an audience for this film. It's not me. I gather younger children will like the breakneck action, the magical ability to fly and the young hero who has tired of only being a name." Though he did say, "Their parents and older siblings may find the 89-minute running time quite long enough."[48]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called the film "a lively but derivative 3D storybook spree for some unlikely action heroes."[2] Conversely, Justin Chang in Variety said, "Even tots may emerge feeling slightly browbeaten by this colorful, strenuous and hyperactive fantasy, which has moments of charm and beauty but often resembles an exploding toy factory rather than a work of honest enchantment."[49] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal found that the film "lacks a resonant center," and that the script, "seems to have been written by committee, with members lobbying for each major character, and the action, set in vast environments all over the map, spreads itself so thin that a surfeit of motion vitiates emotion."[50]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians grossed $103,412,758 in North America, and $203,528,912 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $306,941,670.[4]

text: In North America, the film opened to $32.3 million over its extended five-day weekend, and with $23.8 million over the three-day weekend, it reached fourth place behind The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2, Skyfall, and Lincoln. The film's opening was the lowest debut for a DreamWorks Animation film since Flushed Away.[44] While the film did gross more than double of its $145 million budget, it still did not turn a profit for DreamWorks Animation due to its high production and marketing costs, forcing the studio to take an $83 million write-down.[51] This marked the first time that the studio had lost money on an animated film since Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas.[51][52] As a result of this combined with other factors, in February 2013, the studio announced it was laying off 350 employees as part of a company-wide restructuring.[52]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Rome Film Festival and Vanity Fair magazine awarded the new Vanity Fair International Award for Cinematic Excellence in November 2012 to Rise of the Guardians.[31] The film also received the Hollywood Animation Award at the 16th Annual Hollywood Film Festival, held on October 22, 2012.[53]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Recipients
Result

African-American Film Critics Association
Best Animation

Won

Alliance of Women Film Journalists
Best Animated Female
Isla Fisher (Tooth)
Nominated

American Cinema Editors
Best Edited Animated Feature Film
Joyce Arrastia

Annie Awards[54][55]
Best Animated Feature

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Andy Hayes, Carl Hooper, David Lipton
Won

Character Animation in a Feature Production
David Pate
Nominated

Phillppe LeBrun

Pierre Perifel

Music in an Animated Feature Production
Alexandre Desplat

Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Patrick Hanenberger, Max Boas, Jayee Borcar
Woonyoung Jung, Perry Maple, Peter Maynez
Stan Seo, Felix Yoon

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Johanne Matte
Won

Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production
Jude Law
Nominated

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
Joyce Arrastia

Critics Choice Awards[56]
Best Animated Feature

Cinema Audio Society
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures Animated

Golden Globe Awards[57]
Best Animated Feature Film

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing in an Animated Feature Film

Hollywood Film Festival[53]
Best Animated Feature
Peter Ramsey
Won

International Film Music Critics Association Awards
Film Composer of the Year
Alexandre Desplat, also for Argo, Moonrise Kingdom, Rust and Bone, and Zero Dark Thirty
Nominated

Best Original Score for an Animated Feature
Alexandre Desplat
Won

Mill Valley Film Festival[58]
Audience Favorite Children's Film
Peter Ramsey

Producers Guild of America
Outstanding Producer of An Animated Theatrical Motion Picture
Nancy Bernstein, Christina Steinberg
Nominated

Satellite Awards 2012[59]
Best Animated or Mixed Media

Won

Visual Effects Society[60][61]
Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nancy Bernstein, David Prescott, Peter Ramsey, Christina Steinberg
Nominated

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
The North Pole: Eric Bouffard, Sonja Burchard, Andy Harbeck, Peter Maynez
Nominated

Outstanding FX and Simulation Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Last Stand: Andy Hayes, Carl Hooper, Andrew Wheeler, Stephen Wood
Nominated

Women Film Critics Circle[62]
Best Family Film
Rise of the Guardians – tied with Life of Pi
Won

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released by D3 Publisher on November 20, 2012 in North America,[63] and released on November 23, 2012 in Europe.[64] It allows gamers to lead the Guardians in their battle against Pitch. The game is a 3D beat-em-up, where the player travels through each of the worlds: Burgess, North Pole, Bunnymund Valley, Tooth Palace, and Sandman's Ship, to fight Pitch's army of Nightmares. The player can switch between all five guardians at any time, and freely customize their powers, and they learn new special abilities as they level up. All the game versions support up to 4 player gameplay.[65] It is available on the Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS.[66]

text: Possible sequels[edit]

text: After the release of the film, the creators of Rise of the Guardians expressed hope that the strong A- Cinemascore average for the film and an enthusiastic word-of-mouth would gather support for the "chance to make a sequel or two."[67] Author and co-producer of the series, William Joyce, also mentioned in March 2013 that he was still in talks about a sequel with DreamWorks Animation: "There is something that we are proposing that we hope they will want to do."[68]

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation from Paramount Pictures.[69]

tag: ol