document_title: National Basketball Association

question_text: when was the last team added to the nba

question_tokens: when was the last team added to the nba

text: National Basketball Association

text: History

text: Creation and merger (1946–1956)

text: The Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, in a game the NBA now refers to as the first played game in NBA history.[6] The first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League and the NBL, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major cities. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that league's 1948 title, and the 1948 NBL champion Minneapolis Lakers won the 1949 BAA title. Prior to the 1948–49 season, however, NBL teams from Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, and Rochester jumped to the BAA, which established the BAA as the league of choice for collegians looking to turn professional.[7]

text: On August 3, 1949, the remaining NBL teams–Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo–merged into the BAA. In deference to the merger and to avoid possible legal complications, the league name was changed to the present National Basketball Association, even though the merged league retained the BAA's governing body, including Podoloff.[7] To this day, the NBA claims the BAA's history as its own. It now reckons the arrival of the NBL teams as an expansion, not a merger, and does not recognize NBL records and statistics.

text: The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities,[8] as well as large arenas and smaller gymnasiums and armories. In 1950, the NBA consolidated to eleven franchises, a process that continued until 1953–54, when the league reached its smallest size of eight franchises: the New York Knicks, Boston Celtics, Philadelphia Warriors, Minneapolis Lakers, Rochester Royals, Fort Wayne Pistons, Tri-Cities Blackhawks, and Syracuse Nationals, all of which remain in the league today. The process of contraction saw the league's smaller-city franchises move to larger cities. The Hawks shifted from the Tri-Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati in 1957 and the Pistons relocated from Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Detroit in 1957.

text: Japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947–48 season when he played for the New York Knicks. He remained the only non-white player in league history prior to the first African-American, Harold Hunter, signing with the Washington Capitols in 1950.[9][10] Hunter was cut from the team during training camp,[9][11] but several African-American players did play in the league later that year, including Chuck Cooper with the Celtics, Nathaniel "Sweetwater" Clifton with the Knicks, and Earl Lloyd with the Washington Capitols. During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships and established themselves as the league's first dynasty.[12] To encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954.[13] If a team does not attempt to score a field goal (or the ball fails to make contact with the rim) within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped and the ball given to its opponent.

text: Celtics' dominance, league expansion and competition (1956–1979)

text: In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, which already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlain entered the league with the Warriors in 1959 and became a dominant individual star of the 1960s, setting new single game records in scoring (100) and rebounding (55). Russell's rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the greatest rivalries in the history of American team sports.

text: The 1960s were dominated by the Celtics. Led by Russell, Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, Boston won eight straight championships in the NBA from 1959 to 1966. This championship streak is the longest in NBA history. They did not win the title in 1966–67, but regained it in the 1967–68 season and repeated in 1969. The domination totaled nine of the ten championship banners of the 1960s.[14]

text: Through this period, the NBA continued to evolve with the shift of the Minneapolis Lakers to Los Angeles, the Philadelphia Warriors to San Francisco, the Syracuse Nationals to Philadelphia to become the Philadelphia 76ers, and the St. Louis Hawks moving to Atlanta, as well as the addition of its first expansion franchises. The Chicago Packers (now Washington Wizards) became the ninth NBA team in 1961. From 1966 to 1968, the league expanded from 9 to 14 teams, introducing the Chicago Bulls, Seattle SuperSonics (now Oklahoma City Thunder), San Diego Rockets (who relocated to Houston four years later), Milwaukee Bucks, and Phoenix Suns.

text: In 1967, the league faced a new external threat with the formation of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The leagues engaged in a bidding war. The NBA landed the most important college star of the era, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (then known as Lew Alcindor). However, the NBA's leading scorer, Rick Barry, jumped to the ABA, as did four veteran referees—Norm Drucker, Earl Strom, John Vanak, and Joe Gushue.[15]

text: In 1969, Alan Siegel, who oversaw the design of Jerry Dior's Major League Baseball logo a year prior, created the modern NBA logo inspired by the MLB's. It incorporates the silhouette of the legendary Jerry West based on a photo by Wen Roberts, although NBA officials denied a particular player as being its influence because, according to Siegel, "They want to institutionalize it rather than individualize it. It's become such a ubiquitous, classic symbol and focal point of their identity and their licensing program that they don't necessarily want to identify it with one player." The iconic logo debuted in 1971 (with a small change to the typeface on the NBA wordmark in 2017) and would remain a fixture of the NBA brand.[16][17]

text: The ABA succeeded in signing a number of major stars in the 1970s, including Julius Erving of the Virginia Squires, in part because it allowed teams to sign college undergraduates. The NBA expanded rapidly during this period, one purpose being to tie up the most viable cities. From 1966 to 1974, the NBA grew from nine franchises to 18. In 1970, the Portland Trail Blazers, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Buffalo Braves (now the Los Angeles Clippers) all made their debuts expanding the league to 17.[18] The New Orleans Jazz (now in Utah) came aboard in 1974 bringing the total to 18. Following the 1976 season, the leagues reached a settlement that provided for the addition of four ABA franchises to the NBA, raising the number of franchises in the league at that time to 22. The franchises added were the San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and New York Nets (now the Brooklyn Nets). Some of the biggest stars of this era were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Rick Barry, Dave Cowens, Julius Erving, Elvin Hayes, Walt Frazier, Moses Malone, Artis Gilmore, George Gervin, Dan Issel, and Pete Maravich. The end of the decade, however, saw declining TV ratings, low attendance and drug-related player issues – both perceived and real – that threatened to derail the league.

text: Surging popularity (1979–1998)

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text: The league added the ABA's innovative three-point field goal beginning in 1979 to open up the game. That same year, rookies Larry Bird and Magic Johnson joined the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers respectively, initiating a period of significant growth in fan interest in the NBA throughout the country and the world. The two had faced each other in the 1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Game, and they later played against each other in three NBA Finals (1984, 1985, and 1987, featuring 11 players and coaches who would later be inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame). Like the 1960s, when the Celtics and Lakers faced each other in six NBA Finals, the two teams again dominated the NBA. In the 10 seasons of the 1980s, Johnson led the Lakers to five titles in eight Finals while Bird led the Celtics to three titles in five Finals. Also in the early 1980s, the NBA added one more expansion franchise, the Dallas Mavericks, bringing the total to 23 teams. Later on, Larry Bird won the first three three-point shooting contests. Former league commissioner David Stern, who took office on February 1, 1984, oversaw the expansion and growth of the NBA to a global commodity.

text: Michael Jordan entered the league in 1984 with the Chicago Bulls, providing an even more popular star to support growing interest in the league. This resulted in more cities demanding teams of their own. In 1988 and 1989, four cities got their wishes as the Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, and Minnesota Timberwolves made their NBA debuts, bringing the total to 27 teams. The Detroit Pistons won the back-to-back in 1989 and 1990, led by coach Chuck Daly and guard Isiah Thomas. Jordan and Scottie Pippen led the Bulls to two three-peats in eight years during the 1991–98 seasons. Hakeem Olajuwon won back-to-back titles with the Houston Rockets in 1994 and 1995.

text: The 1992 Olympic basketball Dream Team, the first to use current NBA stars, featured Michael Jordan as the anchor, along with Bird, Johnson, David Robinson, Patrick Ewing, Scottie Pippen, Clyde Drexler, Karl Malone, John Stockton, Chris Mullin, Charles Barkley, and star NCAA amateur Christian Laettner. The team was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, while 11 of the 12 players on the roster (all but Laettner) and three of the four coaches have been elected to the Hall of Fame as individuals.

text: In 1995, the NBA expanded to Canada with the addition of the Vancouver Grizzlies and the Toronto Raptors. In 2001, the Vancouver Grizzlies relocated to Memphis, which left the Raptors as the only Canadian team in the NBA.

text: In 1996, the NBA created a women's league, the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

text: In 1998, the NBA owners began a lockout which lasted 191 days and was settled on January 18, 1999. As a result of this lockout the 1998–99 NBA season was reduced from 82 to 50 games (61% of a normal season), and the All-Star Game was cancelled. The San Antonio Spurs won their first championship, and first by a former ABA team, by beating the New York Knicks, who were the first, and are the only, eighth seed to ever make it to the NBA Finals.

text: Modern era (1998–present)

text: Since the breakup of the Chicago Bulls championship roster in the summer of 1998, the Western Conference has dominated, with the Los Angeles Lakers and San Antonio Spurs combining to win the title nine out of the next fourteen seasons. Tim Duncan and David Robinson won the 1999 championship with the Spurs, and Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant started the 2000s with three consecutive championships for the Lakers. The Spurs reclaimed the title in 2003 against the Nets. In 2004, the Lakers returned to the Finals, only to lose in five games to the Detroit Pistons.

text: After the Spurs took home the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy in 2005, the 2006 Finals featured two franchises making their inaugural Finals appearances. The Miami Heat, led by their star shooting guard, Dwyane Wade, and Shaquille O'Neal, who had been traded from the Lakers during summer 2004, won the series over the Dallas Mavericks in six after losing the first two games. The Lakers/Spurs dominance continued in 2007 with a four-game sweep by the Spurs over the Cleveland Cavaliers, who were led by LeBron James. The 2008 Finals saw a rematch of the league's highest profile rivalry, the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers, with the Celtics winning, for their 17th championship, thanks to their new big three of Paul Pierce, Ray Allen, and Kevin Garnett.

text: In 2009, Kobe Bryant and the Lakers returned to the Finals, this time defeating the Dwight Howard-led Orlando Magic. Bryant won his first Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his 13th season after leading the Lakers to their first NBA championship since the departure of Shaquille O'Neal.[19]

text: The 2010 NBA All-Star Game was held at Cowboys Stadium in front of the largest crowd ever, 108,713.[20] At the end of that season, the Celtics and the Lakers renewed their rivalry from 2008 when they met again in the NBA Finals for a record 12th time. The Lakers won the title by winning Game 7, 83–79.[21] Before the start of the 2010–11 season the NBA had an exciting summer with one of the most anticipated free agent classes of all time. Two of which signed, and one resigned, with the Miami Heat, leading to a season that was heavily centered on their eventual success or failure at taking home the championship. The Heat, led by LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Chris Bosh, did in fact make the Finals against the Dallas Mavericks, in a rematch for the franchises of the 2006 Finals. The Mavericks, led by Dirk Nowitzki (the eventual NBA Finals MVP), took the series in six games. This was the Mavericks' first title. Veterans Shawn Marion, Jason Kidd, Jason Terry, and Peja Stojaković celebrated their first NBA championship.

text: On July 1, 2011, at 12:01 am, the NBA announced another lockout.[22] After the first few weeks of the season were canceled, the players and owners ratified a new collective bargaining agreement on December 8, 2011, setting up a shortened 66-game season.[23] Following the shortened season, the Miami Heat made a return to the Finals with the trio of Dwyane Wade, LeBron James, and Chris Bosh against Oklahoma City Thunder's Kevin Durant, Russell Westbrook, and James Harden. The Heat went on to defeat the Thunder in five games, capturing their second NBA title in six years. Their success would continue into the following season, which concluded with their victory over the San Antonio Spurs in the 2013 NBA Finals. The two teams would meet for a rematch in the following year's Finals, where the Spurs defeated the Heat in five games. Off the court, commissioner David Stern retired on February 1, 2014, exactly 30 years to the day from taking office. He was succeeded by his deputy, Adam Silver.

text: Following the 2014 Finals, LeBron James announced that he would return to the Cleveland Cavaliers. James led the Cavaliers to their second Finals appearance, where they lost to the Golden State Warriors in six games. The following year, in a rematch, the 2016 NBA Finals concluded with the Cavaliers defeating the Warriors in seven games to win their first NBA Championship. The dominance of those two teams continued in 2017, when the Warriors, having signed Kevin Durant as a free agent, took the third straight Finals matchup between the two teams in five games, with Durant named Finals MVP, and again in 2018 when they went to a fourth straight Finals matchup.

text: International influence

text: Following pioneers like Vlade Divac (Serbia) and Dražen Petrović (Croatia) who joined the NBA in the late 1980s, an increasing number of international players have moved directly from playing elsewhere in the world to starring in the NBA. Since 2006, the NBA has faced EuroLeague teams in exhibition matches in the NBA Europe Live Tour, and since 2009, in the EuroLeague American Tour. The 2013–14 season opened with a record 92 international players on the opening night rosters, representing 39 countries and comprising over 20% of the league[24]. The beginning of the 2017-18 season saw a record 108 international players representing 42 different countries marking 4 consecutive years of at least 100 international players and each team having at least one international player[25].

text: Other developments

text: In 2001, an affiliated minor league, the National Basketball Development League, now called the NBA G League, was created.[26] Before the league was started, there were strong rumors that the NBA would purchase the Continental Basketball Association, and call it its developmental league.

text: Two years after the Hornets' relocation to New Orleans, the NBA returned to North Carolina, as the Charlotte Bobcats were formed as an expansion team in 2004.

text: The Hornets temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City in 2005 for two seasons because of damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. The team returned to New Orleans in 2007.

text: A new official game ball was introduced on June 28, 2006, for the 2006–07 season, marking the first change to the ball in over 35 years and only the second ball in 60 seasons.[27] Manufactured by Spalding, the new ball featured a new design and new synthetic material that Spalding claimed offered a better grip, feel, and consistency than the original ball. However, many players were vocal in their disdain for the new ball, saying that it was too sticky when dry, and too slippery when wet.

text: Commissioner Stern announced on December 11, 2006, that beginning January 1, 2007, the NBA would return to the traditional leather basketball in use prior to the 2006–07 season. The change was influenced by frequent player complaints and confirmed hand injuries (cuts) caused by the microfiber ball.[28] The Players' Association had filed a suit in behalf of the players against the NBA over the new ball.[29] As of the 2017–18 season, the NBA team jerseys are manufactured by Nike, replacing the previous supplier, Adidas. All teams will wear jerseys with the Nike logo except the Charlotte Hornets, whose jerseys will instead have the Jumpman logo associated with longtime Nike endorser Michael Jordan, who owns the Hornets.[30]

text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began an investigation on July 19, 2007, over allegations that veteran NBA referee Tim Donaghy bet on basketball games he officiated over the past two seasons and that he made calls affecting the point spread in those games.[31] On August 15, 2007, Donaghy pleaded guilty to two federal charges related to the investigation. Donaghy claimed in 2008 that certain referees were friendly with players and "company men" for the NBA, and he alleged that referees influenced the outcome of certain playoff and finals games in 2002 and 2005. NBA commissioner David Stern denied the allegations and said Donaghy was a convicted felon and a "singing, cooperating witness".[32] Donaghy served 15 months in prison and was released in November 2009.[33] According to an independent study by Ronald Beech of Game 6 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals between the Los Angeles Lakers and Sacramento Kings, although the refs increased the Lakers' chances of winning through foul calls during the game, there was no collusion to fix the game. On alleged "star treatment" during Game 6 by the refs toward certain players, Beech claimed, "there does seem to be issues with different standards and allowances for different players." [34]

text: The NBA Board of Governors approved the request of the Seattle SuperSonics to relocate to Oklahoma City on April 18, 2008.[35] The team, however, could not move until it had settled a lawsuit filed by the city of Seattle, which was intended to keep the SuperSonics in Seattle for the remaining two seasons of the team's lease at KeyArena. Following a court case, the city of Seattle settled with the ownership group of the SuperSonics on July 2, 2008, allowing the team to move to Oklahoma City immediately in exchange for terminating the final two seasons of the team's lease at KeyArena.[36] The Oklahoma City Thunder began playing in the 2008–09 season.

text: The first outdoor game in the modern era of the league was played at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden on October 11, 2008, between the Phoenix Suns and the Denver Nuggets.[37]

text: A referee lockout began on September 1, 2009, when the contract between the NBA and its referees expired. The first preseason games were played on October 1, 2009, and replacement referees from the WNBA and NBA Development League were used, the first time replacement referees had been used since the beginning of the 1995–96 season. The NBA and the regular referees reached a deal on October 23, 2009.[38][39]

text: The first official NBA league games on European ground took place in 2011. In two matchups, the New Jersey Nets faced the Toronto Raptors at the O2 Arena in London in front of over 20,000 fans.

text: The 2011–12 NBA season, scheduled to begin November 1, 2011, with a matchup between the defending champion Dallas Mavericks and the Chicago Bulls, was postponed due to a labor dispute. The lockout officially ended on December 8, 2011, when players and owners ratified a new collective bargaining agreement, and the season began on Christmas Day.

text: After the 2012–13 season, the New Orleans Hornets renamed themselves the Pelicans.[40] During the 2013–14 season, Stern retired as commissioner after 30 years, and deputy commissioner Adam Silver ascended to the position of commissioner. During that season's playoffs, the Bobcats officially reclaimed the Hornets name, and by agreement with the league and the Pelicans, also received sole ownership of all history, records, and statistics from the Pelicans' time in Charlotte. As a result, the Hornets are now officially considered to have been founded in 1988, suspended operations in 2002, and resumed in 2004 as the Bobcats, while the Pelicans are officially treated as a 2002 expansion team.[41] (This is somewhat similar to the relationship between the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Ravens in the NFL.)

text: Donald Sterling, who was then-owner of the Los Angeles Clippers, received a lifetime ban from the NBA on April 29, 2014, after racist remarks he made became public. Sterling was also fined US$2.5 million, the maximum allowed under the NBA Constitution.[42]

text: Becky Hammon was hired by the San Antonio Spurs on August 5, 2014, as an assistant coach, becoming the second female coach in NBA history but the first full-time coach.[43][44] This also makes her the first full-time female coach in any of the four major professional sports in North America.[44]

text: The NBA announced on April 15, 2016, that it would allow all 30 of its member clubs to sell corporate sponsor advertisement patches on official game uniforms, beginning with the 2017–18 season. The sponsorship advertisement patches would appear on the left front of jerseys, opposite Nike's logo, marking the first time a manufacturer's logo would appear on NBA jerseys, and would measure approximately 2.5 by 2.5 inches. The NBA would become the first major North American professional sports league to allow corporate sponsorship logos on official team uniforms, and the last to have a uniform manufacturer logo appear on its team uniforms.[45] The first team to announce a jersey sponsorship was the Philadelphia 76ers, who agreed to a deal with StubHub.[46]

text: On July 6, 2017, the NBA unveiled an updated rendition of its logo; it is largely identical to the previous design, except with revised typography and a "richer" color scheme. The league began to phase in the updated logo across its properties during the 2017 NBA Summer League, but it will not immediately be used on equipment or uniforms due to lead time.[47]

text: The NBA also officially released new Nike uniforms for all 30 teams beginning with the 2017–18 season. The league eliminated "home" and "away" uniform designations. Instead, each team would have four uniforms: the "Association" edition, which is the team's traditional white uniform, the "Icon" edition, which is the team's primary color uniform, and two other uniform editions, to be unveiled at a later date.[48]

text: Teams

text:
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text: The NBA originated in 1946 with 11 teams, and through a sequence of team expansions, reductions, and relocations currently consists of 30 teams. The United States is home to 29 teams and one is located in Canada.

text: The current league organization divides thirty teams into two conferences of three divisions with five teams each. The current divisional alignment was introduced in the 2004–05 season. Reflecting the population distribution of the United States and Canada as a whole, most teams are in the eastern half of the country: thirteen teams are in the Eastern Time Zone, nine in the Central, three in the Mountain, and five in the Pacific.

text:
Division
Team
City/State
Arena
Capacity
Coordinates
Founded
Joined
Head coach

Eastern Conference

Atlantic
Boston Celtics
Boston, Massachusetts
TD Garden
18,624
42°21′59″N 71°03′44″W / 42.366303°N 71.062228°W / 42.366303; -71.062228 (Boston Celtics)
1946
Brad Stevens

Brooklyn Nets
New York City, New York
Barclays Center
17,732
40°40′58″N 73°58′29″W / 40.68265°N 73.974689°W / 40.68265; -73.974689 (Brooklyn Nets)
1967*
1976
Kenny Atkinson

New York Knicks
New York City, New York
Madison Square Garden
19,812
40°45′02″N 73°59′37″W / 40.750556°N 73.993611°W / 40.750556; -73.993611 (New York Knicks)
1946
David Fizdale

Philadelphia 76ers
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wells Fargo Center
21,600
39°54′04″N 75°10′19″W / 39.901111°N 75.171944°W / 39.901111; -75.171944 (Philadelphia 76ers)
1946*
1949
Brett Brown

Toronto Raptors
Toronto, Ontario
Air Canada Centre
19,800
43°38′36″N 79°22′45″W / 43.643333°N 79.379167°W / 43.643333; -79.379167 (Toronto Raptors)
1995
Vacant

Central
Chicago Bulls
Chicago, Illinois
United Center
20,917
41°52′50″N 87°40′27″W / 41.880556°N 87.674167°W / 41.880556; -87.674167 (Chicago Bulls)
1966
Fred Hoiberg

Cleveland Cavaliers
Cleveland, Ohio
Quicken Loans Arena
20,562
41°29′47″N 81°41′17″W / 41.496389°N 81.688056°W / 41.496389; -81.688056 (Cleveland Cavaliers)
1970
Tyronn Lue

Detroit Pistons
Detroit, Michigan
Little Caesars Arena
20,491
42°41′49″N 83°14′44″W / 42.696944°N 83.245556°W / 42.696944; -83.245556 (Detroit Pistons)
1941*
1948
Vacant

Indiana Pacers
Indianapolis, Indiana
Bankers Life Fieldhouse
17,923
39°45′50″N 86°09′20″W / 39.763889°N 86.155556°W / 39.763889; -86.155556 (Indiana Pacers)
1967
1976
Nate McMillan

Milwaukee Bucks
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Bradley Center
18,717
43°02′37″N 87°55′01″W / 43.043611°N 87.916944°W / 43.043611; -87.916944 (Milwaukee Bucks)
1968
Mike Budenholzer

Southeast
Atlanta Hawks
Atlanta, Georgia
Philips Arena
15,711
33°45′26″N 84°23′47″W / 33.757222°N 84.396389°W / 33.757222; -84.396389 (Atlanta Hawks)
1946*
1949
Lloyd Pierce

Charlotte Hornets
Charlotte, North Carolina
Spectrum Center
19,077
35°13′30″N 80°50′21″W / 35.225°N 80.839167°W / 35.225; -80.839167 (Charlotte Hornets)
1988*
James Borrego

Miami Heat
Miami, Florida
American Airlines Arena
19,600
25°46′53″N 80°11′17″W / 25.781389°N 80.188056°W / 25.781389; -80.188056 (Miami Heat)
1988
Erik Spoelstra

Orlando Magic
Orlando, Florida
Amway Center
18,846
28°32′21″N 81°23′01″W / 28.539167°N 81.383611°W / 28.539167; -81.383611 (Orlando Magic)
1989
Vacant

Washington Wizards
Washington, D.C.
Capital One Arena
20,356
38°53′53″N 77°01′15″W / 38.898056°N 77.020833°W / 38.898056; -77.020833 (Washington Wizards)
1961*
Scott Brooks

Western Conference

Northwest
Denver Nuggets
Denver, Colorado
Pepsi Center
19,520
39°44′55″N 105°00′27″W / 39.748611°N 105.0075°W / 39.748611; -105.0075 (Denver Nuggets)
1967
1976
Michael Malone

Minnesota Timberwolves
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Target Center
19,356
44°58′46″N 93°16′34″W / 44.979444°N 93.276111°W / 44.979444; -93.276111 (Minnesota Timberwolves)
1989
Tom Thibodeau

Oklahoma City Thunder
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Chesapeake Energy Arena
18,203
35°27′48″N 97°30′54″W / 35.463333°N 97.515°W / 35.463333; -97.515 (Oklahoma City Thunder)
1967*
Billy Donovan

Portland Trail Blazers
Portland, Oregon
Moda Center
19,441
45°31′54″N 122°40′00″W / 45.531667°N 122.666667°W / 45.531667; -122.666667 (Portland Trail Blazers)
1970
Terry Stotts

Utah Jazz
Salt Lake City, Utah
Vivint Smart Home Arena
19,911
40°46′06″N 111°54′04″W / 40.768333°N 111.901111°W / 40.768333; -111.901111 (Utah Jazz)
1974*
Quin Snyder

Pacific
Golden State Warriors
Oakland, California
Oracle Arena
19,596
37°45′01″N 122°12′11″W / 37.750278°N 122.203056°W / 37.750278; -122.203056 (Golden State Warriors)
1946*
Steve Kerr

Los Angeles Clippers
Los Angeles, California
Staples Center
19,060
34°02′35″N 118°16′02″W / 34.043056°N 118.267222°W / 34.043056; -118.267222 (Los Angeles Clippers)
1970*
Doc Rivers

Los Angeles Lakers
Los Angeles, California
Staples Center
18,997
34°02′35″N 118°16′02″W / 34.043056°N 118.267222°W / 34.043056; -118.267222 (Los Angeles Lakers)
1947*
1948
Luke Walton

Phoenix Suns
Phoenix, Arizona
Talking Stick Resort Arena
18,055
33°26′45″N 112°04′17″W / 33.445833°N 112.071389°W / 33.445833; -112.071389 (Phoenix Suns)
1968
Igor Kokoškov

Sacramento Kings
Sacramento, California
Golden 1 Center
17,500
38°38′57″N 121°31′05″W / 38.649167°N 121.518056°W / 38.649167; -121.518056 (Sacramento Kings)
1923*
1948
Dave Joerger

Southwest
Dallas Mavericks
Dallas, Texas
American Airlines Center
19,200
32°47′26″N 96°48′37″W / 32.790556°N 96.810278°W / 32.790556; -96.810278 (Dallas Mavericks)
1980
Rick Carlisle

Houston Rockets
Houston, Texas
Toyota Center
18,055
29°45′03″N 95°21′44″W / 29.750833°N 95.362222°W / 29.750833; -95.362222 (Houston Rockets)
1967*
Mike D'Antoni

Memphis Grizzlies
Memphis, Tennessee
FedExForum
18,119
35°08′18″N 90°03′02″W / 35.138333°N 90.050556°W / 35.138333; -90.050556 (Memphis Grizzlies)
1995*
J. B. Bickerstaff

New Orleans Pelicans
New Orleans, Louisiana
Smoothie King Center
16,867
29°56′56″N 90°04′55″W / 29.948889°N 90.081944°W / 29.948889; -90.081944 (New Orleans Pelicans)
2002*
Alvin Gentry

San Antonio Spurs
San Antonio, Texas
AT&T Center
18,418
29°25′37″N 98°26′15″W / 29.426944°N 98.4375°W / 29.426944; -98.4375 (San Antonio Spurs)
1967*
1976
Gregg Popovich

text:
An asterisk (*) denotes a franchise move. See the respective team articles for more information.
The Fort Wayne Pistons, Minneapolis Lakers and Rochester Royals all joined the NBA (BAA) in 1948 from the NBL.
The Syracuse Nationals and Tri-Cities Blackhawks joined the NBA in 1949 as part of the BAA-NBL absorption.
The Indiana Pacers, New York Nets, San Antonio Spurs, and Denver Nuggets all joined the NBA in 1976 as part of the NBA-ABA merger.
The Charlotte Hornets are regarded as a continuation of the original Charlotte franchise. Because of this, the New Orleans Pelicans are no longer the same franchise as the original Charlotte Hornets. The Hornets were known as the Bobcats from 2004–2014. The New Orleans Pelicans were established in 2002. The Charlotte Hornets rejoined the league in 2004.

tag: ol

text: Regular season

text: Following the summer break, teams begin training camps in late September. Training camps allow the coaching staff to evaluate players (especially rookies), scout the team's strengths and weaknesses, prepare the players for the rigorous regular season, and determine the 12-man active roster (and a 3-man inactive list) with which they will begin the regular season. Teams have the ability to assign players with less than two years of experience to the NBA G League. After training camp, a series of preseason exhibition games are held. Preseason matches are sometimes held in non-NBA cities, both in the United States and overseas. The NBA regular season begins in the last week of October.

text: During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road).

text: The NBA is one of only two of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada in which teams play every other team during the regular season (the other being the National Hockey League). Each team hosts and visits every other team at least once every season. From 2005 to 2008, the NBA had the distinction of being the only one of the four major leagues in which all teams play every other team.

text: The NBA is also the only league that regularly schedules games on Christmas Day.[49] The league has been playing games regularly on the holiday since 1947,[50] though the first Christmas Day games were not televised until 1983–84.[51] Games played on this day have featured some of the best teams and players.[49][50][51] Christmas is also notable for NBA on television, as the holiday is when the first NBA games air on network television each season.[50][51] Games played on this day have been some of the highest-rated games during a particular season.

text: In February, the regular season pauses to celebrate the annual NBA All-Star Game. Fans vote throughout the United States, Canada, and on the Internet, and the top vote-getters at each position in each conference are given a starting spot on their conference's All-Star team. Coaches vote to choose the remaining 14 All-Stars. Then, Eastern conference players face the Western conference players in the All-Star game. The player with the best performance during the game is rewarded with a Game MVP award. Other attractions of the All-Star break include the Rising Stars Challenge (originally Rookie Challenge), where the top rookies and second-year players in the NBA play in a 5-on-5 basketball game, with the current format pitting U.S. players against those from the rest of the world; the Skills Challenge, where players compete to finish an obstacle course consisting of shooting, passing, and dribbling in the fastest time; the Three Point Contest, where players compete to score the highest number of three-point field goals in a given time; and the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, where players compete to dunk the ball in the most entertaining way according to the judges. These other attractions have varying names which include the names of the various sponsors who have paid for naming rights.

text: Shortly after the All-Star break is the trade deadline, which is set to fall on the 16th Thursday of the season (usually in February) at 3pm Eastern Time.[52] After this date, teams are not allowed to exchange players with each other for the remainder of the season, although they may still sign and release players. Major trades are often completed right before the trading deadline, making that day a hectic time for general managers.

text: Around the middle of April, the regular season ends. It is during this time that voting begins for individual awards, as well as the selection of the honorary, league-wide, post-season teams. The Sixth Man of the Year Award is given to the best player coming off the bench (must have more games coming off the bench than actual games started). The Rookie of the Year Award is awarded to the most outstanding first-year player. The Most Improved Player Award is awarded to the player who is deemed to have shown the most improvement from the previous season. The Defensive Player of the Year Award is awarded to the league's best defender. The Coach of the Year Award is awarded to the coach that has made the most positive difference to a team. The Most Valuable Player Award is given to the player deemed the most valuable for (his team) that season. Additionally, Sporting News awards an unofficial (but widely recognized) Executive of the Year Award to the general manager who is adjudged to have performed the best job for the benefit of his franchise.

text: The post-season teams are the All-NBA Team, the All-Defensive Team, and the All-Rookie Team; each consists of five players. There are three All-NBA teams, consisting of the top players at each position, with first-team status being the most desirable. There are two All-Defensive teams, consisting of the top defenders at each position. There are also two All-Rookie teams, consisting of the top first-year players regardless of position.

text: Playoffs

text: The NBA Playoffs begin in late April, with the top eight teams in each conference, regardless of divisional alignment, competing for the Championship. Seeds are awarded in strict order of regular-season record (with a tiebreaker system used as needed).

text: Having a higher seed offers several advantages. Since the first seed begins the playoffs playing against the eighth seed, the second seed plays the seventh seed, the third seed plays the sixth seed, and the fourth seed plays the fifth seed, having a higher seed means a team faces a weaker team in the first round. The team in each series with the better record has home court advantage, including the First Round. Before the league changed its playoff determination format for the 2006–07 season, this meant that, for example, if the team that received the 6 seed had a better record than the team with the 3 seed (by virtue of a divisional championship), the 6 seed would have home court advantage, even though the other team had a higher seed. Therefore, the team with the best regular season record in the league is guaranteed home court advantage in every series it plays. For example, in 2006, the Denver Nuggets won 44 games and captured the Northwest Division and the #3 seed. Their opponent was the #6 seed Los Angeles Clippers, who won 47 games and finished second in the Pacific Division. Although Denver won its much weaker division, the Clippers had home-court advantage and won the series in 5.

text: The playoffs follow a tournament format. Each team plays an opponent in a best-of-seven series, with the first team to win four games advancing into the next round, while the other team is eliminated from the playoffs. In the next round, the successful team plays against another advancing team of the same conference. All but one team in each conference are eliminated from the playoffs. Since the NBA does not re-seed teams, the playoff bracket in each conference uses a traditional design, with the winner of the series matching the 1st and 8th seeded teams playing the winner of the series matching the 4th and 5th seeded teams, and the winner of the series matching the 2nd and 7th seeded teams playing the winner of the series matching the 3rd and 6th seeded teams. In every round, the best-of-7 series follows a 2–2–1–1–1 home-court pattern, meaning that one team will have home court in games 1, 2, 5, and 7, while the other plays at home in games 3, 4, and 6. From 1985 to 2013, the NBA Finals followed a 2–3–2 pattern, meaning that one team had home court in games 1, 2, 6, and 7, while the other played at home in games 3, 4, and 5.[53]

text: The final playoff round, a best-of-seven series between the victors of both conferences, is known as the NBA Finals, and is held annually in June. The victor in the NBA Finals wins the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy. Each player and major contributor—including coaches and the general manager—on the winning team receive a championship ring. In addition, the league awards the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award to the best performing player of the series.

text: The league began using its current format, with the top eight teams in each conference advancing regardless of divisional alignment, in the 2015–16 season. Previously, the top three seeds went to the division winners.[54]

text: League championships

text: The Boston Celtics have won the most championships with 17 NBA Finals wins. The second most successful franchise is the Los Angeles Lakers, who have 16 overall championships (11 in Los Angeles, 5 in Minneapolis). Following the Lakers, are the Chicago Bulls with six championships, all won over an 8-year span during the 1990s. The San Antonio Spurs have five championships, all since 1999, and the Golden State Warriors also have five championships overall (2 in Philadelphia, 3 in Oakland).

text:
Teams
Win
Loss
Total
Year(s) won
Year(s) lost

Boston Celtics
17
4
21
1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008
1958, 1985, 1987, 2010

Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers
16
15
31
1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010
1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1991, 2004, 2008

Chicago Bulls
6
0
6
1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
—

Philadelphia/San Francisco/Golden State Warriors
5
4
9
1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017
1948, 1964, 1967, 2016

San Antonio Spurs
5
1
6
1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014
2013

Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers
3
6
9
1955, 1967, 1983
1950, 1954, 1977, 1980, 1982, 2001

Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons
3
4
7
1989, 1990, 2004
1955, 1956, 1988, 2005

Miami Heat
3
2
5
2006, 2012, 2013
2011, 2014

New York Knicks
2
6
8
1970, 1973
1951, 1952, 1953, 1972, 1994, 1999

Houston Rockets
2
2
4
1994, 1995
1981, 1986

St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks
1
3
4
1958
1957, 1960, 1961

Baltimore/Washington Bullets (now Washington Wizards)
1
3
4
1978
1971, 1975, 1979

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder
1
3
4
1979
1978, 1996, 2012

Cleveland Cavaliers
1
3
4
2016
2007, 2015, 2017

Portland Trail Blazers
1
2
3
1977
1990, 1992

Milwaukee Bucks
1
1
2
1971
1974

Dallas Mavericks
1
1
2
2011
2006

Baltimore Bullets (original) (folded in 1954)
1
0
1
1948
—

Rochester Royals (now Sacramento Kings)
1
0
1
1951
—

Phoenix Suns
0
2
2
—
1976, 1993

Utah Jazz (formerly New Orleans Jazz)
0
2
2
—
1997, 1998

New Jersey Nets (now Brooklyn Nets)
0
2
2
—
2002, 2003

Orlando Magic
0
2
2
—
1995, 2009

Chicago Stags (folded in 1950)
0
1
1
—
1947

Washington Capitols (folded in 1951)
0
1
1
—
1949

Indiana Pacers
0
1
1
—
2000

text: Current teams that have no NBA Finals appearances:

text:
Charlotte Hornets (formerly Charlotte Bobcats)
Denver Nuggets
Los Angeles Clippers (formerly Buffalo Braves, San Diego Clippers)
Memphis Grizzlies (formerly Vancouver Grizzlies)
Minnesota Timberwolves
New Orleans Pelicans (formerly New Orleans Hornets, New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets)
Toronto Raptors

text: Media coverage

text: As one of the major sports leagues in North America, the National Basketball Association has a long history of partnership with television networks in the United States. The League signed a contract with DuMont in its 8th season (1953–54), marking the first year the NBA had a national television broadcaster. Similar to NFL, the lack of television stations leads to NBC taking over the rights beginning the very next season until April 7, 1962 - NBC's first tenure with the NBA. Currently in the U.S., the NBA has a contract with ESPN and TNT through the 2024–25 season. Games that are not broadcast nationally are usually aired over regional sports network specific to the area where the teams are located.

text: International competitions

text: The National Basketball Association has sporadically participated in international club competitions. From 1987 to 1999 the NBA champions played against the continental champions of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) in the McDonald's Championship. This tournament was won by the NBA invitee every year it was held.[55]

text: Ticket prices and viewership demographics

text: In 2012, a ticket cost from $10 to $3,000 apiece, depending on the location of the seat and the success of the teams that were playing.[56]

text: Viewership demographics

text: According to Nielsen's survey, the NBA has the youngest audience, with 45 percent of its viewers under 35, but the least likely, along with Major League Baseball, to be watched by women, who make up only 30% of the viewership. It also has the highest share of black viewers with 45 percent of its viewers being black and only about 40 percent of viewers being white, making it the only top North American sport that doesn't have a white majority audience.[57]

text: Notable people

text: Presidents and commissioners

text:
Maurice Podoloff, President from 1946 to 1963
Walter Kennedy, President from 1963 to 1967 and Commissioner from 1967 to 1975
Larry O'Brien, Commissioner from 1975 to 1984
David Stern, Commissioner from 1984 to 2014
Adam Silver, Commissioner from 2014 to present

text: Players

text:
50 Greatest Players in NBA History
Lists of National Basketball Association players

List of foreign NBA players, a list that is exclusively for players who are not from the United States

text: Foreign players

text: International influence

text: Following pioneers like Vlade Divac (Serbia) and Dražen Petrović (Croatia) who joined the NBA in the late 1980s, an increasing number of international players have moved directly from playing elsewhere in the world to starring in the NBA. Below is a short list of foreign players who have won NBA awards or have been otherwise recognized for their contributions to basketball, either currently or formerly active in the league:

text:
Dražen Petrović, Croatia – 2002 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1993 Euroscar Player of the Year, 1986 and 1993 Mr. Europa Player of the Year, MVP of the 1986 FIBA World Championship and EuroBasket 1989, 2-time Olympic silver medalist, World Champion, European Champion, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Šarūnas Marčiulionis, Lithuania – 2014 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. First Soviet Union and one of the very first Europeans to sign contract with NBA club and to play solidly in the league, helping to lead the way for the internationalization of the league in the late 1990s.
Toni Kukoč, Croatia – 3-time NBA Champion with Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998), named in 2008 as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Vlade Divac, Serbia – 2-time Olympic silver medalist, 2001 NBA All-Star, 2-time World Champion, 3-time European Champion, 1989 Mr. Europa, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Arvydas Sabonis, Lithuania – 2011 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1995, 1999 Euroscar Player of the Year, 1985, 1997 Mr. Europa Player of the Year, Olympic gold medalist in 1988 with the Soviet Union and bronze medalist in 1992 and 1996 with Lithuania, 1996 NBA All-Rookie First Team, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Peja Stojaković, Serbia – NBA Champion with Dallas Mavericks (2011), MVP of the EuroBasket 2001, member of the all-tournament team in the 2002 FIBA World Championship, 2001 Euroscar winner, 2001 and 2002 Mr. Europa, 2002 and 2003 NBA Three-Point Shootout champion, 3-time NBA All-Star (drafted in 1996, entered the NBA in 1998)
Dirk Nowitzki, Germany – NBA Champion with Dallas Mavericks (2011), MVP of the 2002 FIBA World Championship and EuroBasket 2005, member of the all-tournament team in the 2002 FIBA World Championship, 2002–2006 and 2011 Euroscar winner, 2005 Mr. Europa, 2005 and 2011 FIBA Europe Player of the Year, 2007 NBA MVP, 2011 Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award, 2006 NBA Three-Point Shootout champion and 13-time NBA All-Star (entered the NBA in 1998)
Hedo Türkoğlu, Turkey – 2008 Most Improved Player Award winner, member of the all-tournament team in the 2010 FIBA World Championship (entered the NBA in 2000)
Pau Gasol, Spain – 2-time NBA Champion with Los Angeles Lakers (2009 & 2010), Six time NBA All-Star, 2002 NBA Rookie of the Year, 2004 and 2009 Mr. Europa, 2006 FIBA World Championship MVP, 2008 and 2009 Euroscar and FIBA Europe Player of the Year, EuroBasket 2009 MVP, winner of the NBA Citizenship Award in 2012 (entered the NBA in 2001)
Andrei Kirilenko, Russia – 2004 NBA All-Star, EuroBasket 2007 MVP, 2007 FIBA Europe Player of the Year (drafted in 1999, played in the NBA from 2001 to 2011 before returning to Russia due to the lockout, returned in 2012 as a member of the Minnesota Timberwolves.)
Tony Parker, France – 4-time NBA Champion with the Spurs, 2007 NBA Finals MVP, 6-time All-Star and 2007 Euroscar winner (entered the NBA in 2001)
Manu Ginóbili, Argentina – 4-time NBA Champion with San Antonio Spurs, 2008 Sixth Man Award winner, 2-time All-Star, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors, gold medal in the 2004 Summer Olympics with Argentina (drafted in 1999, entered the NBA in 2002)
Yao Ming, China – 2016 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, first pick in the 2002 NBA draft and 8-time NBA All-Star (played in the NBA from 2002 to 2011)
Leandro Barbosa, Brazil – NBA Champion with Golden State Warriors (2015),[58] 2007 Sixth Man Award winner (entered the NBA in 2003)
Andrea Bargnani, Italy – First pick in the 2006 NBA draft by the Toronto Raptors (entered the NBA in 2006)

text: On some occasions, young players, most but not all from the English-speaking world, have attended U.S. colleges before playing in the NBA. Notable examples are:

text:
Nigerian Hakeem Olajuwon (top draft pick in 1984, 2-time champion, 12-time All-Star, 1994 MVP, 1994 and 1995 Finals MVP, 1994 and 1995 Defensive Player of the Year, only player to receive the MVP Award, Defensive Player of the Year Award, and Finals MVP award in the same season, and Hall of Famer)
Congolese Dikembe Mutombo (Four time NBA Defensive Player of the Year, selected fourth overall by the Denver Nuggets in the 1991 NBA Draft and 8-time NBA All-Star)
Dutchman Rik Smits (1988 second overall pick, 1998 NBA All-Star, played 12 years for the Indiana Pacers)
German Detlef Schrempf (Sixth Man Award winner in 1991 and 1992, 3-time All-Star)
Canadian Steve Nash (2005 and 2006 MVP, 8-time All-Star)
Australians Luc Longley (3-time champion with the Bulls in the 1990s) and Andrew Bogut, (top draft pick in 2005).
Sudanese-born Englishman Luol Deng (2007 winner of the NBA Sportsmanship Award, 2-time All-Star)

text: Since 2006, the NBA has faced EuroLeague teams in exhibition matches in the NBA Europe Live Tour, and since 2009 in the EuroLeague American Tour.

text: The 2013–14 season opened with a record 92 international players on the opening night rosters, representing 39 countries and comprising over 20% of the league[24] The NBA defines "international" players as those born outside the 50 United States and Washington, D.C. This means that:

text:
Players born in U.S. possessions such as Puerto Rico and the U.S., Virgin Islands, most notably USVI native Tim Duncan, are counted as "international" even though they are U.S. citizens by birth, and may even have represented the U.S. in international competition (like Duncan).
U.S.-born players are not counted as "international" even if they were born with citizenship in another country and represent that country internationally, such as Joakim Noah, and Kosta Koufos.

text: Coaches

text:
List of current National Basketball Association head coaches
List of National Basketball Association head coaches
List of National Basketball Association player-coaches
List of NBA championship head coaches
List of foreign NBA coaches
Top 10 Coaches in NBA History


document_title: List of Vice Presidents of the United States

question_text: who was the last vice president to become president

root

text: List[edit]

text:
Pro-Administration (1)    Federalist (1)    Democratic-Republican (6)    Nullifier (1)    Democratic (17)    Whig (2)    Republican (21)    National Union (1)

Vice presidency

Vice President[a]

Prior office[b]

Party

Election

President

1

April 21, 1789[c]–March 4, 1797

John Adams1735–1826(Lived: 90 years)[3][4][5]

United States Ministerto theCourt of St. James's(1785–1788)

Pro-Admin.[d]

1(1788–89)

George Washington[e]

Federalist

2(1792)

2

March 4, 1797–March 4, 1801

Thomas Jefferson1743–1826(Lived: 83 years)[6][7][8]

1stUnited States Secretary of State(1790–1793)

Democratic-Republican

3(1796)

John Adams[f]

3

March 4, 1801–March 4, 1805

Aaron Burr1756–1836(Lived: 80 years)[9]

Member of the New York State Assembly(1784–1785 & 1798–1799)

Democratic-Republican

4(1800)

Thomas Jefferson

4

March 4, 1805–April 20, 1812(Died in office)

George Clinton1739–1812(Lived: 72 years)[10]

1stGovernor of New York(1777–1795 & 1801–1804)

Democratic-Republican

5(1804)

6(1808)

James Madison

Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813[g]

5

March 4, 1813–November 23, 1814(Died in office)

Elbridge Gerry1744–1814(Lived: 70 years)[11]

9thGovernor of Massachusetts(1810–1812)

Democratic-Republican

7(1812)

Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817[g]

6

March 4, 1817–March 4, 1825

Daniel D. Tompkins1774–1825(Lived: 50 years)[12]

4thGovernor of New York(1807–1817)

Democratic-Republican

8(1816)

James Monroe

9(1820)

7

March 4, 1825–December 28, 1832(Resigned from office)

John C. Calhoun1782–1850(Lived: 68 years)[13]

10thUnited States Secretary of War(1817–1825)

Democratic-Republican

10(1824)

John Q. Adams

Nullifier[h]Democratic

11(1828)

Andrew Jackson[i]

Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833[g]

8

March 4, 1833–March 4, 1837

Martin Van Buren1782–1862(Lived: 79 years)[14][15][16]

United States Ministerto theCourt of St. James's(1831–1832)

Democratic

12(1832)

9

March 4, 1837–March 4, 1841

Richard M. Johnson1780–1850(Lived: 70 years)[17]

U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 13th district(1833–1837)

Democratic

13(1836)

Martin Van Buren

10

March 4, 1841–April 4, 1841(Became President)

John Tyler1790–1862(Lived: 71 years)[18][19][20]

U.S. Senator from Virginia(1827–1836)

Whig

14(1840)

William H. Harrison(Died in office)

Office vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845[g]

John Tyler

11

March 4, 1845–March 4, 1849

George M. Dallas1792–1864(Lived: 72 years)[21]

United States Minister to Russia(1837–1839)

Democratic

15(1844)

James K. Polk

12

March 4, 1849–July 9, 1850(Became President)

Millard Fillmore1800–1874(Lived: 74 years)[22][23][24]

14thNew York State Comptroller(1848–1849)

Whig

16(1848)

Zachary Taylor(Died in office)

Office vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853[g]

Millard Fillmore

13

March 4, 1853[j]–April 18, 1853(Died in office)

William R. King1786–1853(Lived: 67 years)[25]

U.S. Senator from Alabama(1819–1844 & 1848–1852)President pro tempore(1850–1852)

Democratic

17(1852)

Franklin Pierce

Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857[g]

14

March 4, 1857–March 4, 1861

John C. Breckinridge1821–1875(Lived: 54 years)[26]

U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 8th district(1851–1855)

Democratic

18(1856)

James Buchanan

15

March 4, 1861–March 4, 1865

Hannibal Hamlin1809–1891(Lived: 81 years)[27]

U.S. Senator from Maine(1848–1857 & 1857–1861)

Republican

19(1860)

Abraham Lincoln[k](Died in office)

16

March 4, 1865–April 15, 1865(Became President)

Andrew Johnson1808–1875(Lived: 66 years)[28][29][30]

15thGovernor of Tennessee(1853–1857)  Military Governor of Tennessee(1862–1865)

National Union

20(1864)

Office vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869[g]

Andrew Johnson

17

March 4, 1869–March 4, 1873

Schuyler Colfax1823–1885(Lived: 61 years)[31]

U.S. Representative for Indiana's 9th district(1855–1869)Speaker of the House(1863–1869)

Republican

21(1868)

Ulysses S. Grant

18

March 4, 1873–November 22, 1875(Died in office)

Henry Wilson1812–1875(Lived: 63 years)[32]

U.S. Senator from Massachusetts(1855–1873)

Republican

22(1872)

Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877[g]

19

March 4, 1877–March 4, 1881

William A. Wheeler1819–1887(Lived: 67 years)[33]

U.S. Representative for New York's 19th district(1875–1877)

Republican

23(1876)

Rutherford B. Hayes

20

March 4, 1881–September 19, 1881(Became President)

Chester A. Arthur1829–1886(Lived: 57 years)[34][35][36]

10thChairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee(1879–1881)(No prior elected office)

Republican

24(1880)

James A. Garfield(Died in office)

Office vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885[g]

Chester A. Arthur

21

March 4, 1885–November 25, 1885(Died in office)

Thomas A. Hendricks1819–1885(Lived: 66 years)[37]

16thGovernor of Indiana(1873–1877)

Democratic

25(1884)

Grover Cleveland

Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889[g]

22

March 4, 1889–March 4, 1893

Levi P. Morton1824–1920(Lived: 96 years)[38]

U.S. Minister to France(1881–1885)

Republican

26(1888)

Benjamin Harrison

23

March 4, 1893–March 4, 1897

Adlai Stevenson1835–1914(Lived: 78 years)[39]

First AssistantUnited States Postmaster General(1885–1889)

Democratic

27(1892)

Grover Cleveland

24

March 4, 1897–November 21, 1899(Died in office)

Garret Hobart1844–1899(Lived: 55 years)[40]

Vice Chairman of theRepublican National Committee (1892–1896)

Republican

28(1896)

William McKinley(Died in office)

Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901[g]

25

March 4, 1901–September 14, 1901(Became President)

Theodore Roosevelt1858–1919(Lived: 60 years)[41][42][43]

33rdGovernor of New York(1899–1900)

Republican

29(1900)

Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905[g]

Theodore Roosevelt

26

March 4, 1905–March 4, 1909

Charles W. Fairbanks1852–1918(Lived: 66 years)[44]

U.S. Senator from Indiana(1897–1905)

Republican

30(1904)

27

March 4, 1909–October 30, 1912(Died in office)

James S. Sherman1855–1912(Lived: 57 years)[45]

U.S. Representative for New York's 27th district(1903–1909)

Republican

31(1908)

William H. Taft

Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913[g]

28

March 4, 1913–March 4, 1921

Thomas R. Marshall1854–1925(Lived: 71 years)[46]

27thGovernor of Indiana(1909–1913)

Democratic

32(1912)

Woodrow Wilson

33(1916)

29

March 4, 1921–August 2, 1923(Became President)

Calvin Coolidge1872–1933(Lived: 60 years)[47][48][49]

48thGovernor of Massachusetts(1919–1921)

Republican

34(1920)

Warren G. Harding(Died in office)

Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925[g]

Calvin Coolidge

30

March 4, 1925–March 4, 1929

Charles G. Dawes1865–1951(Lived: 85 years)[50]

1st Director of theU.S. Bureau of the Budget(1921–1922)(No prior elected office)

Republican

35(1924)

31

March 4, 1929–March 4, 1933

Charles Curtis1860–1936(Lived: 76 years)[51]

U.S. Senator from Kansas(1907–1913 & 1915–1929)President pro tempore(1911)Senate Majority Leader(1925–1929)

Republican

36(1928)

Herbert Hoover

32

March 4, 1933–January 20, 1941[l]

John N. Garner1868–1967(Lived: 98 years)[52]

U.S. Representative for Texas's 15th district(1903–1933)House Minority Leader(1929–1931)Speaker of the House(1931–1933)

Democratic

37(1932)

Franklin D. Roosevelt(Died in office)

38(1936)

33

January 20, 1941–January 20, 1945

Henry A. Wallace1888–1965(Lived: 77 years)[53]

11thUnited States Secretary of Agriculture(1933–1940)(No prior elected office)

Democratic

39(1940)

34

January 20, 1945–April 12, 1945(Became President)

Harry S. Truman1884–1972(Lived: 88 years)[54][55][56]

U.S. Senator from Missouri(1935–1945)

Democratic

40(1944)

Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949[g]

Harry S. Truman

35

January 20, 1949–January 20, 1953

Alben W. Barkley1877–1956(Lived: 78 years)[57]

U.S. Senator from Kentucky(1927–1949)Senate Majority Leader(1937–1947)Senate Minority Leader(1947–1949)

Democratic

41(1948)

36

January 20, 1953–January 20, 1961

Richard Nixon1913–1994(Lived: 81 years)[58][59][60]

U.S. Senator from California(1950–1953)

Republican

42(1952)

Dwight D. Eisenhower

43(1956)

37

January 20, 1961–November 22, 1963(Became President)

Lyndon B. Johnson1908–1973(Lived: 64 years)[61][62]

U.S. Senator from Texas(1949–1961)Senate Majority Leader(1955–1961)

Democratic

44(1960)

John F. Kennedy(Died in office)

Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965[g]

Lyndon B. Johnson

38

January 20, 1965–January 20, 1969

Hubert Humphrey1911–1978(Lived: 66 years)[63]

U.S. Senator from Minnesota(1949–1964)Senate Majority Whip(1961–1964)

Democratic

45(1964)

39

January 20, 1969–October 10, 1973(Resigned from office)

Spiro Agnew1918–1996(Lived: 77 years)[64]

55thGovernor of Maryland(1967–1969)

Republican

46(1968)

Richard Nixon(Resigned from office)

47(1972)

Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973[m]

40

December 6, 1973–August 9, 1974(Became President)

Gerald Ford1913–2006(Lived: 93 years)[65][66][67]

U.S. Representative for Michigan's 5th district(1949–1973)House Minority Leader(1965–1973)

Republican

Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974[m]

Gerald Ford

41

December 19, 1974–January 20, 1977

Nelson Rockefeller1908–1979(Lived: 70 years)[68]

49thGovernor of New York(1959–1973)

Republican

42

January 20, 1977–January 20, 1981

Walter MondaleBorn 1928(90 years old)[69]

U.S. Senator from Minnesota(1964–1976)

Democratic

48(1976)

Jimmy Carter

43

January 20, 1981–January 20, 1989

George H. W. BushBorn 1924(94 years old)[70][71][72]

11thDirector of Central Intelligence(1976–1977)

Republican

49(1980)

Ronald Reagan

50(1984)

44

January 20, 1989–January 20, 1993

Dan QuayleBorn 1947(71 years old)[73]

U.S. Senator from Indiana(1981–1989)

Republican

51(1988)

George H. W. Bush

45

January 20, 1993–January 20, 2001

Al GoreBorn 1948(70 years old)[74]

U.S. Senator from Tennessee(1985–1993)

Democratic

52(1992)

Bill Clinton

53(1996)

46

January 20, 2001–January 20, 2009

Dick CheneyBorn 1941(77 years old)[75]

17thUnited States Secretary of Defense(1989–1993)

Republican

54(2000)

George W. Bush

55(2004)

47

January 20, 2009–January 20, 2017

Joe BidenBorn 1942(75 years old)[76]

U.S. Senator from Delaware(1973–2009)

Democratic

56(2008)

Barack Obama

57(2012)

48

January 20, 2017–Incumbent

Mike PenceBorn 1959(59 years old)[77][78]

50thGovernor of Indiana(2013–2017)

Republican

58(2016)

Donald Trump

tag: table

text: Subsequent public office[edit]

text: Twenty–five vice presidents held other high U.S. state or federal government positions after leaving the vice presidency. Fourteen went on to become President of the United States (nine of them following their predecessor's death or resignation), and 4 served in the United States Senate. Several served as a member of the Cabinet of the United States, Ambassador of the United States or in state government.

tag: p

text:
Vice President

Vice-Presidency[a]

Subsequent service

John Adams

1

1789–1797

2nd President of the United States (1797–1801)

Thomas Jefferson

2

1797–1801

3rd President of the United States (1801–1809)

John C. Calhoun

7

1825–1832

U.S. Senator from South Carolina (1832–1843 and 1845–1850); 16th U.S. Secretary of State (1844–1845)

Martin Van Buren

8

1833–1837

8th President of the United States (1837–1841)

Richard M. Johnson

9

1837–1841

Kentucky Representative (1841–1843 and 1850)

John Tyler

10

1841

10th President of the United States (1841–1845)

George M. Dallas

11

1845–1849

United States Minister to the Court of St. James's (1856–1861)

Millard Fillmore

12

1849–1850

13th President of the United States (1850–1853)

 John C. Breckinridge

14

1857–1861

U.S. Senator from Kentucky (1861)

Hannibal Hamlin

15

1861–1865

U.S. Senator from Maine (1869–1881); U.S. Minister to Spain (1881–1882)

Andrew Johnson

16

1865

17th President of the United States (1865–1869); U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1875)

Chester A. Arthur

20

1881

21st President of the United States (1881–1885)

Levi P. Morton

22

1889–1893

31st Governor of New York (1895–1896)

Theodore Roosevelt

25

1901

26th President of the United States (1901–1909)

Calvin Coolidge

29

1921–1923

30th President of the United States (1923–1929)

Charles G. Dawes

30

1925–1929

United States Ambassador to the Court of St. James's (1929–1931)

Henry A. Wallace

33

1941–1945

10th U.S. Secretary of Commerce (1945–1946)

Harry S. Truman

34

1945

33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)

Alben W. Barkley

35

1949–1953

U.S. Senator from Kentucky (1955–1956)

Richard Nixon

36

1953–1961

37th President of the United States (1969–1974)

Lyndon B. Johnson

37

1961–1963

36th President of the United States (1963–1969)

Hubert Humphrey

38

1965–1969

U.S. Senator from Minnesota (1971–1978)

Gerald Ford

40

1973–1974

38th President of the United States (1974–1977)

Walter Mondale

42

1977–1981

U.S. Ambassador to Japan (1993–1996)

George H. W. Bush

43

1981–1989

41st President of the United States (1989–1993)

text: In addition to their post-vice presidency service to the United States, two former Vice Presidents served in the Government of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War: John Tyler, as a member of the Provisional Confederate Congress, 1861–1862, elected to the Confederate House of Representatives in November 1861, but died before he could take his seat; and John C. Breckinridge, as Confederate States Secretary of War, 1865.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b The U.S. Vice Presidents are counted according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, John Adams served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first vice president (not the first and second). Likewise, George Clinton is counted as the fourth and John Calhoun as the seventh, even though each one's consecutive terms in office were served under more than one president. Following the resignation of 39th vice president Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford became the 40th vice president even though he was chosen to serve out the remainder of Agnew's second term. Then, after Ford succeeded to the presidency later in that same term, Nelson Rockefeller became the 41st vice president and served out the remainder of the term.

Jump up ^ Listed here (unless otherwise noted) is the most recent position—either with a U.S. state or the federal government, or with a private corporation—held by the individual prior to becoming Vice President of the United States.

Jump up ^ Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who neither died in office nor resigned.

Jump up ^ Pro-Administration is a contemporary term used to describe the supporters of the political and economic policies of the Washington Administration prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic–Republican parties.

Jump up ^ George Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, he was, and remains, the only U.S. President never to be affiliated with a political party.

Jump up ^ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and resulted in a situation where the persons elected President and Vice President belonged to opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected President, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected Vice President.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, February 10, 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.

Jump up ^ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the political coalition emerging around Jackson.

Jump up ^ Andrew Jackson's supporters from the former Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by the mid-1820s, began calling themselves Democrat' during his first term in office, thus marking the evolution of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party into the modern Democratic Party.

Jump up ^ Ill with tuberculosis, William King traveled to Cuba after the 1852 election in an effort to regain his health, and was not able to be in Washington, D.C. to take his oath of office on March 4, 1853.  By a Special Act of Congress, he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States, and was sworn in on March 24, 1853 near Matanzas, Cuba. He is the only Vice President to take his oath of office in a foreign country.

Jump up ^ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.

Jump up ^ The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified on January 23, 1933, moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, John Nance Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term.

^ Jump up to: a b The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a process whereby an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency is filled by presidential appointment.