document_title: And Then There Were None (miniseries)

question_text: who plays mrs rogers in and then there were none

text: And Then There Were None (miniseries)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: On a hot day in late August 1939, eight people, all strangers to each other, are invited to a small, isolated island off the coast of Devon, England, by a "Mr and Mrs Owen". The guests settle in at a mansion tended by two newly hired servants, Thomas and Ethel Rogers, but their hosts are absent. When the guests sit down to dinner, they notice the centrepiece, ten figurines of soldiers arranged in a circle. Afterward, Thomas Rogers puts on a gramophone record, from which a voice accuses everyone present of murder.[4] Shortly after this, one of the party dies from poisoning, and then more and more people are murdered, all in methods synonymous with a nursery rhyme the island is named after,[5] and the murderer removes a figurine from the dining table each time someone is killed. The remaining people decide to work together. They must discover who the murderer is before they run out of time and nobody remains.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Douglas Booth as Anthony James Marston
Charles Dance as Justice Lawrence John Wargrave
Maeve Dermody as Vera Elizabeth Claythorne
Burn Gorman as Detective Sergeant William Henry Blore
Anna Maxwell Martin as Ethel Rogers
Sam Neill as General John Gordon Macarthur
Miranda Richardson as Emily Caroline Brent
Toby Stephens as Doctor Edward George Armstrong
Noah Taylor as Thomas Rogers
Aidan Turner as Philip Lombard
Harley Gallacher as Cyril Ogilvie Hamilton
Paul Chahidi as Isaac Morris
Charlie Russell as Audrey
Richard Hansell as Recording Artist
Christopher Hatherall as Fred Narracott
Ben Deery as Henry Richmond
Margot Edwards as Miss Brady
Rob Heaps as Hugo Hamilton
Celia Henebury as Leslie Macarthur
Tom Clegg as Landor
Daisy Waterstone as Beatrice
Catherine Bailey as Olivia Ogilvie Hamilton
Joseph Prowen as Edward Seton

text: Differences from the original novel[edit]

text:
In the book, the entire group are ferried by Fred Narracott together, except for Dr. Armstrong, who arrives later and is ferried separately. Here, Emily Brent and Anthony Marston are ferried early. Also Marston was not depicted as a cocaine addict in the book, but a dissolute wealthy playboy.
Edward Seton, the man Justice Wargrave is accused of having hanged for crimes he did not commit (but was in fact guilty), was, in the original novel, executed for the murder of his landlady to get her money. Here, he is said by Wargrave to have killed multiple people, believing he was doing the world a favour by getting rid of them.[citation needed]
In the book, Detective Sergeant William Blore is accused of having committed perjury, with the result that an innocent man was wrongly sent to jail for life, where he died. In this series, Blore is accused of beating a homosexual man to death. In the book, he is killed by a clock in the shape of a bear being dropped on his head, whereas in this production he is killed by being stabbed and draped with a bear rug.[6]
In the book, Emily Brent is killed with Dr Armstrong's hypodermic needle, and a bee put into the room to fulfill the rhyme. Here, after being given a sedative in her coffee, she is stabbed in the throat with one of her own knitting needles, embossed with her initials "EB", which, facing downward, sounds phonetically like "bee".
Another variation is that in the original version, Brent's maid, Beatrice Taylor, had killed herself by drowning, not by throwing herself in front of a speeding train. In the novel, Beatrice was the daughter of religious parents who disowned her after learning of her being pregnant out of wedlock; in the film, Beatrice is herself the illegitimate daughter of a teenager.
In the book, the Rogers are suspected of having withheld vital medication from their elderly employer, Miss Brady, so as to kill her, whereas in the series they suffocate her with a pillow. Mrs Rogers receives a fatal overdose of chloral hydrate in her brandy in the drawing room in the chaos after the gramophone recording, whereas here it is implied that she was administered the overdose in her bedroom. In the book, Mr Rogers is killed with an axe blow to the head while he is chopping wood, here his midriff is eviscerated by an axe.
In the book, General Macarthur has his wife (Leslie)'s lover, Arthur Richmond, killed by sending him out on a particularly deadly mission, where his death was almost assured. However, in this production General Macarthur kills Henry Richmond (as he is called here) by shooting him in the back. Macarthur himself is killed with a telescope here, whereas in the original novel he was bludgeoned by an unidentified weapon, suspected to be a life preserver.
In the book, Philip Lombard is a soldier of fortune responsible for the deaths of 21 men in East Africa by abandoning them in the desert and taking the food and supplies with him, which he does not deny. In this series, he kills the men to get diamonds.
The bacchanal that takes place in the third episode does not happen in the book.
In the book, Vera faints due to planted seaweed in her room she mistakes for a cold dead hand, largely because of her increasing guilt and obsession with her own crime against Cyril Hamilton. This distraction allows for the Judge to arranged for himself to be discovered "killed". In the show, no such diversion is coordinated, and it's only by chance that Vera hallucinates feeling Cyril's hand. However, promotional material suggests that the book's seaweed gag was originally planned for the show.
In the book, there is no explicit romance between Vera and Lombard and they never become physically intimate with one another.
In the book, Vera hangs herself in a post-hypnotic trance after shooting Lombard dead, and never discovers the true identity of "U.N. Owen", and the reader only finds out in the postscript that Owen was Wargrave.[7] In this production, Wargrave walks into the room while Vera is about to hang herself, explains his actions and motivations, and informs her that he intends to shoot himself and create an unsolvable mystery. She tries to bargain with him but he suddenly yanks the chair from under her feet, causing her seemingly self-inflicted death.
Wargrave's death is very different from the novel. In the book, he sets up his death in his bedroom to reflect how he was last found, by shooting himself in the forehead, with a cord tied to the revolver and door knob, allowing the gun to be pulled away after firing. Here, after killing Vera, he goes to the dining room, where he sets up two place settings, presumably for himself and "U.N. Owen". He fires the bullet just under his chin, and the revolver's recoil propels the gun away, landing at the empty place setting.
In the novel, after the deaths and the arrival of help from the mainland, two policemen sit to discuss the case and ultimately are unable to solve the mystery. Later, a note from the murderer in a bottle is caught in a fishing trawler's net and the mystery is solved. Neither occurs in this version, although early promotional material suggests the scene of the two policemen was initially planned and filmed.

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: And Then There Were None was commissioned by Ben Stephenson and Charlotte Moore for the BBC to mark the 125th anniversary of Agatha Christie's birth.[8] The adaptation was produced by Mammoth Screen in partnership with Agatha Christie Productions.[9][10][11]

text: Writer Sarah Phelps told the BBC that she was shocked by the starkness and brutality of the novel. Comparing the novel to Christie's other work, she stated, "Within the Marple and Poirot stories somebody is there to unravel the mystery, and that gives you a sense of safety and security, of predicting what is going to happen next... In this book that doesn't happen – no one is going to come to save you, absolutely nobody is coming to help or rescue or interpret".[12]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Maeve Dermody was cast two days before the read through of the script and was in Burma (Myanmar) at the time.[13] She flew to the UK to begin work with a dialect coach and read the book in the first two weeks of filming.[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in July 2015.[15] Cornwall was used for many of the harbour and beach scenes, including Holywell Bay, Kynance Cove, and Mullion Cove.[16] Harefield House in Hillingdon, outside London, served as the location for the island mansion.[17] Production designer Sophie Beccher decorated the house in the style of 1930s designers like Syrie Maugham and Elsie de Wolfe.[18] The below stairs and kitchen scenes were shot at Wrotham Park in Hertfordshire.[19] Railway scenes were filmed at the South Devon Railway between Totnes and Buckfastleigh.[20]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions)

1
"Episode 1"
Craig Viveiros
Sarah Phelps
26 December 2015 (2015-12-26)
9.56[21][a]

On a hot late August day sometime in the late 1930s, eight strangers arrive at Soldier Island, most having ostensibly been invited by old friends or the current ostensible owners, Mr and Mrs Owen. There is no host to greet them but there are domestic staff, Thomas and Ethel Rogers, a married couple. The "guests" find a copy of a children's rhyme, "Ten Little Soldiers", in each of their rooms and ten jade figurines on the dining room table. After dinner, Mr Rogers, who had been instructed to do so, plays a gramophone record, in which all the guests as well as Mr and Mrs Rogers are named as being responsible for the death(s) of another human being (or other human beings) for which they evaded punishment. One of the guests (Blore) is revealed to be an impostor using another name. Eight guests refute the accusations made against them, but Philip Lombard and Anthony Marston do not. Marston dies shortly thereafter from cyanide-laced gin in a similar manner to that of the first little soldier. The next day, the cook Mrs Rogers is found dead in her bed from unknown causes (although Dr Armstrong diagnoses an overdose of some barbiturate), matching the second verse from the poem. Vera Claythorne shows Dr Armstrong that two of the soldiers in the dining room have disappeared.

2
"Episode 2"
Craig Viveiros
Sarah Phelps
27 December 2015 (2015-12-27)
8.45[21][a]

The poisoning of both victims casts suspicion on Dr. Armstrong, who has his bag searched. As a hunt for the mysterious Mr Owen is conducted on the island, the nature behind the accusations begin to come to light; Philip Lombard confirms that he killed 21 Africans for a diamond reward, Emily Brent recounts the fateful past of her former maid, Beatrice Taylor, and General MacArthur succumbs to insanity, crippled with guilt over killing his subordinate and wife's lover, Arthur Richmond. After the General is found with his head smashed in with a telescope, the remaining seven realize that whoever left the mysterious message intends to make good on their threat, according to the rules of the nursery rhyme. Wargrave proposes a damning theory to the others that the killer is one of them. After the butler, Mr Rogers, is found split open with an axe, and Miss Brent is impaled with one of her knitting needles, the five survivors band together to search all the rooms and belongings to unmask the killer and save themselves.

3
"Episode 3"
Craig Viveiros
Sarah Phelps
28 December 2015 (2015-12-28)
8.33[21][a]

Five of the original ten are left. During a moment of confusion, Judge Wargrave is found with an apparent gunshot wound to the head and declared dead by Dr Armstrong. The judge has been dressed up to match the Chancery verse of the poem. The remaining four engage in a demented bacchanal with alcohol and drugs. Vera and Philip have sex. During the night, the doctor leaves the house, leaving the other three to believe that he is the killer. An attempt for a rescue is initiated, but Blore is ambushed by the killer wearing a bear skin rug, and is fatally stabbed. Subsequently, Dr Armstrong's corpse is brought in by the tide, leaving only Philip and Vera alive. Vera manages to trick Lombard and lifts his gun. When he charges at her, she shoots him dead. Delirious, she returns to her room where a noose is waiting. In a trance, she begins to hang herself. Then, Judge Wargrave walks in, quite alive, and reveals how he wanted to create an unsolvable mystery and punish the guilty, and how he intends to shoot himself to complete the poem. Vera tries to bargain with Wargrave, but he pulls the chair from under her and leaves her to die. He returns to the dining room, where he has set the table for two. He loads the revolver with the final bullet and shoots himself. The revolver recoils to land at the other table setting, thus creating a presumably unsolvable mystery for the police, as Wargrave had always planned to do.

text: Reception[edit]

text: And Then There Were None received critical acclaim and was a ratings success for the BBC, with the first episode netting over 6 million viewers and becoming the second most watched programme on Boxing Day. Each of the two subsequent episodes netted over 5 million viewers.[22]

text: Despite criticism ahead of the programme's launch from the Daily Mail that the production deviated from Agatha Christie's source material,[23] And Then There Were None received critical acclaim. Ben Dowell of the Radio Times gave a positive review.[24] Jasper Reese for The Daily Telegraph gave the first episode 4 out of 5 stars, calling it a "pitch-black psychological thriller as teasing murder mystery" and "spiffingly watchable".[25]

text: Reviewing the first episode, UK daily newspaper The Guardian's Sam Wollaston noted, "[...] it also manages to be loyal, not just in plot but in spirit as well. I think the queen of crime would approve. I certainly do. Mass murder rarely gets as fun as this."[26] Reviewing the final episode for The Daily Telegraph, Tim Martin gave it 4 out of 5 stars, calling it a "class act", and praising the adaptation for highlighting the darkness of Christie's novel, which he claimed no previous adaptation had attempted.[27]


document_title: Temperance "Bones" Brennan

question_text: when do bones and booth first get together

root

text: Temperance "Bones" Brennan

text: Character history[edit]

text: Temperance "Bones" Brennan is a forensic anthropologist who works in the Medico-Legal lab at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. She received her Ph.D. from Northwestern University, as stated in "The Girl in the Fridge". She has three doctorates, as referred to by Dr. Jack Hodgins in the episode "The Parts of the Sum in the Whole", in anthropology, forensic anthropology and kinesiology; it is implied that most of her work at the lab was related to either long-dead bodies or victims of genocide.[5][6]

tag: p

text: Her occasional contract work for the FBI shifted the focus of her work.[6]  She was paired with FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth, and helped to solve two difficult cases;[5][6] since then, they have worked together almost exclusively on modern-day murder cases.

text: Brennan works with a group of other well-qualified colleagues, including the entomologist Jack Hodgins, her boss and forensic pathologist Camille Saroyan, forensic artist Angela Montenegro, and a host of eager graduate students. Booth refers to her crew of colleagues as "squints", because they come to crime scenes and squint at evidence.  He is also responsible for her nickname, "Bones", which she initially detested.[5]

text: In the first-season finale (which aired on May 17, 2006), Brennan stated that she was born in 1976,[7] which would have made her either 29 or 30 (approximately the same age as Deschanel, who was born on October 11, 1976). In the fifth-season episode "The Death of the Queen Bee" (which aired nearly four years later, on April 15, 2010), it is implied that her then-current age was 33 years (based on Brennan's identification of a former high school classmate as the victim and statement that the classmate was 33).

text: First mentioned in season 1, Brennan has a love of dolphins, which she shared with her late mother: in the season one finale, "The Woman in Limbo", Brennan examines a custom-made belt with a dolphin on the buckle, which had belonged to her mother, and which she mentions having once borrowed without asking first.  Brennan's love of dolphins is highlighted again in season 2 episodes "The Titan on the Tracks", "The Killer in the Concrete" and "Stargazer in a Puddle", when she mentions the constellation Delphinus, (the Dolphin), her and her mother's favorite. In season 6, "The Doctor in the Photo", she is shown to wear a dolphin ring.

text: In "Mummy in the Maze", Brennan exhibited ophidiophobia when confronted with snakes, but later only shows a moment of fright when confronted with another snake in "The Mastodon in the Room". She takes note of this, voicing her observation that she only seems to lose her head around snakes when Booth is also "there to be jumped upon", and also she mentions that she once had a pet snake during high school. It should also be noted that, in "The Man in the Morgue," Brennan handled a snake without any trace of fear, even while Booth is in the room.

text: In season one, in "A Man on Death Row", Dr. Brennan expresses her stance on the death penalty; "I believe in the death penalty. There are certain people who shouldn't be in this world. The people who hacked hundreds of innocent children to death in Rwanda; beheaded them at their desks at school! The people who did that, they should be executed."  In "The Woman at the Airport", Dr. Brennan is shown to have a strong dislike for plastic surgeons, believing them to be no more than "glorified butchers with medical degrees", and this dislike is voiced again in season 4, in "Cinderella in the Cardboard".  In "The Woman in the Car", Dr. Brennan reveals that her third doctorate is in kinesiology, a field that would allow her and Angela to unravel how one of the bodies that had been found had been killed.

text: In season two, she expressed the desire to get a pet pig, whom she would have named "Jasper".  Brennan's expertise in kinesiology would again prove its worth in "The Truth in the Lye" (she could tell that one of the murder suspects was pregnant just from having observed her gait), in "The Girl with the Curl" (she could tell if one of the young beauty pageant contestants was suffering from scoliosis just by watching them perform on stage), and in "The Woman in the Sand" (while undercover with Booth, she was able to tell Booth exactly how to beat his opponent from just having watched his moves).  In "Judas on a Pole", she and her brother are identified as having the same blood type, blood type O.  In "Glowing Bones in the Old Stone House", she is shown to be a good cook: Booth's comment on her mac and cheese is that he'd "like to be alone with it".

text: In the season 3 episode, "Mummy in the Maze", it is revealed that Brennan's favorite superhero is Wonder Woman, and that she always goes as Wonder Woman to the Jeffersonian's Halloween party.  In "The Baby in the Bough", it is revealed that Brennan is a registered foster parent, at her brother's request, to take in his stepdaughters in case anything should happen to him and his girlfriend.  In the season 3 episode, "Intern in the Incinerator", Booth reveals that Brennan's favorite flower is a Daffodil, her second favorite flower is a Daisy, and her favorite planet is Jupiter.

text: In season 5, in "The Death of the Queen Bee", when asked if she'd had a pet rat, Brennan discloses that she, in fact, had a pet mouse, snake and some spiders.  During her time at Burtonsville high school, her only friend was the school custodian, Ray Buxley, with whom she would enjoy long, in-depth conversations on life and death, and who would also provide her with dead animals to dissect (Brennan having set out to become a forensic anthropologist,) and who would later be one of her books' biggest fans (she having named the killer in her first book, Bred in the Bone, after him).  According to the Burtonsville high school on-line yearbook entry on Brennan, in her senior year, she was a member of the Chemistry club and Math club, her interests were chemistry and mathematics, and she was a National Merit Scholar and an Academic All Star.

text: In the season 6 episode, "The Blackout in the Blizzard", Brennan mentions her pet iguana for the first time.  This same episode show that one of the number of scientific publications that Brennan reads is Medicinal Physics Quarterly, with one article on electrostatics and triboluminescence proving useful during the lab's power outage.  Further concerning her pet iguana in "The Truth in the Myth", as a part of his rehab from alcohol abuse, Vincent Nigel-Murry made apologies for, among other things, having borrowed her iguana one night, wearing him as a hat for a party. She comments that he must have taken good care of her iguana as she has observed nothing wrong with him and further expresses some surprise that Vincent Nigel-Murry was able to get her iguana to stay perched atop his head, to which he replies that he was good with ribbons.

text: In season 8, "The Tiger in the Tale", Booth mentions to Sweets that Dr. Brennan once took Peyote with Native Americans.

text: In season 11, "The Senator in the Street Sweeper", Dr. Brennan is mentioned to be a member of the Green Party of the United States along with Dr. Hodgins.

text: Family and early life[edit]

text: Although Brennan seemed to have a relatively normal childhood, her parents disappeared when she was 15 years old.[8]  Her older brother Russ, himself still an adolescent, was unable to care for her and she was put in the foster care system. By the time she started college she had been to twelve different schools and has specifically said that she hated the lack of consistency.[9]

text: There has been contradictory evidence about her time in the system; in one episode, Brennan stated that her grandfather got her out of the foster system,[10] but in a later episode, she indicates that she never knew her grandparents (possibly the two references are to two separate sets of grandparents, paternal and maternal).[11]  However, taking into consideration the fact that Brennan's parents had assumed new identities when she was 3-years-old, the grandfather who had taken her in from her time in the foster system may not have been her biological grandfather.

text: Her time in foster care was quite traumatic and abusive; Brennan indicated that she was once locked in the trunk of a car for two days because she broke a plate,[12] and in the episode "The Finger in the Nest", she reveals to Booth that she walked into her elderly neighbor's house to find the woman dead. In the same episode, she also mentions to Booth that her parents were very concerned about her afterwards, because she started faking her own death.  In Season 2, she mentions that during her time in the foster care system, she kept a list of foster homes she had been kicked out of on the bottom of her shoe.

text: In the first season she hands Booth the file on her parents' disappearance and he agrees to look into it as a personal favor.[13] It is later revealed in Season 2 that her parents, who were bank robbers specializing in safety deposit boxes, changed the family's identity after they stole some damaging FBI documents regarding the murder of an FBI agent and the false imprisonment of civil rights activist Marvin Beckett. Brennan's birth name was Joy Keenan.[7] Her mother (real name Ruth Keenan, known under the assumed identity of Christine Brennan) had hoped to someday return to her children and family, but made a tape for Brennan to watch on her 16th birthday in case that never happened.  Brennan later discovered that Ruth/Christine was murdered in 1993, two years after she and her husband went on the run.

text: Her father Max Keenan re-entered Brennan's life when she and her brother were being threatened by an old acquaintance, who turned out to be Booth's boss, Deputy Director Kirby.[14] Max evades capture after killing Kirby, and takes Russ into hiding to protect him.[14]  Later, Max allows Booth to arrest him in order to improve his relationship with his daughter.[11]  At trial, Max is acquitted of murdering Director Kirby (due in large part to a defense Booth indirectly came up with, positing an alternate theory of the crime in which Temperance was the killer instead, creating reasonable doubt), and he begins to rebuild his life.[15]

text: He temporarily works at the Jeffersonian as a guide for children visiting the place and demonstrates his brilliant talent as a former science teacher. However, Brennan is concerned about a convicted felon having access to a lab that investigates crimes.[16]  Max also introduces Brennan to her cousin Margaret Whitesell,[17] portrayed by Deschanel's real-life sister Zooey Deschanel.

text: Brennan is best friends with her coworker, Angela, saying in the 6th-season premiere she loves Angela "like a sister" and is going to be an aunt to Hodgins' and Angela's newborn child. It is revealed at the end of the season six finale "The Change in the Game" that Brennan is pregnant and the father is Booth.

text: In Season 7, episode 2 "The Hot Dog in the Competition", Brennan and Booth found out they were having a baby girl. Their daughter, Christine Angela Booth (named for Brennan's mother and her best friend), was born in a stable during the episode "The Prisoner in the Pipe".  In the Season 7 finale, "The Past in the Present", key evidence in the death of her friend, Ethan Sawyer, is linked to Brennan. Max convinces her to go on the run along with Christine, saying that if she is arrested, even if she is found innocent, she may never see her daughter again.

text: In Season 8 premiere, it is revealed that while on the run, Brennan was communicating with Angela, via flowers, and eventually used this as a way to communicate with Booth. Despite being on the run, Brennan risks her safety and decides to meet directly with Booth in a hotel room after months of being a single mother. Eventually, they arrest Christopher Pelant, who was the real murderer of Ethan Sawyer, and Brennan is allowed to return to her family. Although Pelant blackmails Booth to prevent him from accepting Brennan's proposal by threatening to kill five innocent people if Booth accepted, also warning Booth not to give a reason for his refusal, this threat is removed when the team manage to kill Pelant, and Booth and Brennan marry in the Season 9 episode 'The Woman in White'.

text: In the Season 10 episode, "The Eye in the Sky", Brennan learns that she is pregnant with her and Booth's second child.

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Throughout the course of the series, Brennan is portrayed as a straightforward, brilliant anthropologist, who lacks social skills. Her social ineptitude is especially apparent when it comes to sarcasm, metaphors which she often interprets literally, and pop culture jokes and is often the source of comedy in the show.[5] An example of this is when she mistakes Colin Farrell for Will Ferrell.[10] In earlier seasons, she was characterized as straightforward and unable to detect social cues – she states that Booth once told her that she "stinks at non-verbal communication"[18] – and was well-known within the FBI for being extremely difficult to work with. She began to acknowledge her lack of sensitivity after Booth bluntly told her outright that she was "bad with people" in "A Boy in a Tree". Her lack of "political savvy" and social skills was also a reason why she was passed over for Dr. Camille Saroyan as head of the Jeffersonian in Season 2. Other characters have described her as "no fun"[19] and "a rigid traditionalist".[9]

text: She had a difficult adolescence, and it is implied, often by Sweets, that her withdrawn social tendencies are a defense mechanism. She also sometimes struggles in identifying and explaining her emotions, and takes comfort in the rationality of her anthropological discipline. Although it has been stated that Brennan was based on a person with Asperger syndrome, this has never been confirmed in the plot of the series.[20]  The creator of the series has stated that the character was never labeled as having the syndrome in order to increase the appeal of the show on network television.[21]  This influence on her character also helps to explain her extreme rationality in early seasons, as well as some of her social difficulties. Brennan is a self-proclaimed atheist and often points out what she believes to be the irrationality of religious and spiritual beliefs.  This has led to more than one argument with Booth, who is a devout Roman Catholic; he becomes particularly irate when she compares less common religions, such as voodoo, to Christianity.[22] During the Sleepy Hollow crossover episode "Dead Men Tell No Tales", Sleepy Hollow protagonist Ichabod Crane notes that Brennan is so sceptical that she would dismiss the demon Moloch — the primary antagonist in the first two seasons of Sleepy Hollow — as nothing more than a tall man with a skin condition, although this does leave him reassured that she will not realise the nature of the secret tomb they have uncovered underneath the White House.

text: Brennan is a bestselling author, who has been on the New York Times Best Seller List for 18 weeks.[23]  She is trained in three types of martial arts,[22][24] has hunting licenses in four states,[22] and has a legally registered gun[5] as well as a diving certificate.[25]  She promised to consider becoming a vegetarian after seeing how pigs were slaughtered (which was also the way her mother had been killed).[7] However, in "The Tough Man in the Tender Chicken" (season 5, episode 6) Angela cites health reasons for Brennan's vegetarian diet.  Brennan is also a trained amateur highwire performer,[26] and speaks at least seven other languages, including Spanish,[27] French,[5] Latin,[28] Chinese,[29] Pashto[30] Japanese,[31] Norwegian (although she says only "skull" and avers that, as a forensic anthropologist, this is a word she knows "in just about every language"),[12] Farsi, and German.[32]  She has also admitted to knowing a bit of Russian.[26] She often says she does not "put much stock in psychology" and makes a point of noting that Dr. Sweets is not a real scientist as he "bases his life on the vagary of psychology and emotions".

text: Brennan's personality undergoes significant changes throughout the course of the series. Her thinking becomes less rigid in later seasons, something which is observed by Dr. Gordon Wyatt, who notes that she is now able to distinguish the difference between accuracy and truth.[33] In season 4, Booth takes her along to his interrogations and helps her learn how to set aside her scientific perspective and relate with the victim's family and suspects on a more interpersonal level. She is also able to put aside her rationality to support her friends in sometimes irrational pursuits, such as Angela's quest to raise money to save a pig from slaughter,[34] and to comfort Booth, even using science or quoting directly from the Bible to rationalize his religious beliefs. Her sensitivity and empathy towards others are also much improved, seen quite strongly when she comforts his grandfather,[35] and when she attends a funeral so that the victim's single mother won't be alone.[17] She also displays more "typical" human emotions when in extreme stress. One example of this is her fear of snakes in "The Mummy in the Maze," when a girl is in the process of being scared to death in a room, the floor teeming with snakes. This goes against her empirical nature, as, when Booth tells her that the snakes aren't venomous, she states that she is aware, but still refuses to step in the room, causing Booth to carry her on his back.

text: Brennan begins to feel both dissatisfaction and discomfort with her work toward the end of the fifth season.[36]  She also sees some futility in her work, stating that no matter how many killers they catch, there will always be more.[37]  To help her gain new perspective, she later decides to head up an anthropological expedition to Indonesia for a year to identify some ancient proto-human remains, after mulling it over during the episode.[37] However, 7 months later, she and everyone else return to D.C. in order to save Cam's job, and they all decide to stay.

text: As season 6 progresses, Brennan must confront her feelings for Booth, whom she rejected in the 100th episode from the previous season. Having returned from 7 months of introspection, she has come to terms with her romantic affection towards him, even admitting that she regretted not having given them a chance together, midway through the season. However, Booth returns from Afghanistan with a new love interest, war correspondent Hannah Burley, whom Brennan befriends. When Hannah rejects Booth's marriage proposal, Brennan must help him through the emotional fallout.

text: In the second to last episode of season 6 Booth and Brennan had sex, consummating their relationship, and it is revealed in the last few moments of the season finale that as a result, Brennan has become pregnant, with Booth the father. Throughout the episode ("The Change in the Game") Brennan has been seen asking Angela questions and making comments that make her seem excited and apprehensive; when she sees that Booth is happy with the news, she also seems overjoyed. This reflects her earlier desire to become a mother, circa season 4, as well as her desire that Booth be the father of the baby.

text: In the Season 8 episode "The Shot in the Dark", Brennan is shot while working in the lab late at night.  While undergoing emergency surgery, she experiences a vision of meeting with her deceased mother, Christine Brennan.  Initially dismissing this as a hallucination, Brennan experiences several more visions throughout the episode. During these discussions, it's revealed that Brennan's hyper rationalization originates from the very last piece of advice her mother gave to her (before going on the run) which was to use her brain instead of her heart.  While that advice enabled Brennan to survive all these years, the vision of her mother explains, it's now time for Brennan to do more than just survive.

text: Since entering a relationship with and marrying Booth and then having children, the character has undergone development personally and is shown to be a caring wife and protective mother. She would often put aside her own atheistic views and uses her hyper-rationality to justify Booth's religious beliefs, as shown in season 8 where she references the Bible in order to persuade Booth to forgive his mother[38] and in the season finale where she agrees to a church wedding, rationalizing that she could appreciate the "beauty" of the ceremony and its significance to Booth.[39]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Brennan has had a number of relatively short relationships, including an ill-fated date with a man who turned out to be a murderer[40] and the re-kindling of a romance with her former thesis supervisor.  She has stated that although she does not always feel the need for a committed emotional relationship, she has engaged in casual relationships to "satisfy biological urges".[41]  In one episode, she was spending time with two men, one for his intelligence and the other for his sexual skills.[42] In Season 5, episode "The Plain in the Prodigy", she tells Booth she lost her virginity at the age of 22 and when asked why she waited so long, she said it was because the decision was "important to her". FBI psychologist Lance Sweets postulates in a number of episodes that Brennan's apprehension over having relationships is largely due in part to the abandonment and abuse she experienced as a teenager after her parents disappeared. It is said that she "hides" herself behind a front of hyper-rationalism and she always keeps people at arms' length, except for those closest to her (namely FBI partner Seeley Booth and best friend Angela Montenegro). After much character growth, Temperance Brennan is now married to her principal love interest of the series Seeley Booth, and they have a daughter (Season 7) and a son together.

text: Seeley Booth[edit]

text: FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth is Brennan's husband and partner, and the principal liaison between the Jeffersonian and law enforcement agencies. Prior to their marriage, he is also Brennan's principal love interest throughout the series. Although his working style initially clashed with Brennan's,[5] they have since become full-fledged partners.  Their compatibility has become one of the central points of the show, with many new characters mistaking them for a couple and co-workers, especially Angela, constantly speculating that they were "more than partners".[22] Booth and Brennan have repeatedly risked their safety to save each other, including when Booth took a bullet meant for Brennan.[23]  After Booth rescues Brennan from the corrupt Agent Kenton, Booth lifts her off the hook she was hung on by putting her tied hands around his neck even though he himself was severely injured.[43] In "Two Bodies in the Lab", in season 1, and in "The Rocker in the Rinse Cycle", in season 5, Brennan and Booth's mutual love for Foreigner's Hot Blooded is mentioned; Booth even refers to it as 'their song' in "The Rocker in the Rinse Cycle". Brennan once commented to Dr. Gordon Wyatt (Stephen Fry) that she "[couldn't] think of anything [she] wouldn't do to help Booth."[44] Brennan's novels are also dedicated to him and the character Special Agent Andy Lister is based on him even though she still denies it.

text: Initially Brennan was mostly dismissive of Booth due to their opposing worldviews and work styles – which is a source of friction and banter between them. Although she refused to admit it at first, Brennan enjoyed working with him from the beginning, even after their falling out when Booth got her drunk and "fired" her, and, in Season 1, she cajoled him into launching an investigation after finding three bone fragments on a golf course so he could work with the Jeffersonian team on the case despite the fact that the FBI technically had no jurisdiction.[13] She often unknowingly offends him on a number of occasions during the first few seasons with her tactlessness, only realizing after being gently admonished by Angela or another member of the team.[45][46][47] She comes to admire his ability to connect with people and read behavioral cues when interrogating suspects after coming to terms with her own lack of social skills. After finding out about his abusive childhood and haunted past in the Army, she also begins to respect him as a person. Booth, who is particularly taciturn in revealing emotions or speaking about his past, begins to open up to and confide in her. Since entering a relationship with (and eventually marrying) Booth, she is shown to be extremely supportive of him,[48][49][50] even at the expense of her friendship with Angela.[19] Additionally, she put aside her own misgivings several times for Booth's benefit; for example, she agrees to have Christine christened into the Catholic church and referenced the Bible when trying to talk Booth into forgiving his mother.

text: Brennan acquired the nickname "Bones" from Booth. She initially disliked it but comes to regard it with affection. Booth and his son Parker are the only characters in the show she permits to use it and the former rarely addresses her by her first name or "Tempe".

text: In Season 2 Brennan shot and killed a person for the first time while working on a string of murders connected to serial killer Howard Epps. She was forced to pull the trigger after Epps' accomplice attacked and injured Booth with a pipe. At the end of the episode she confides in Booth of her conflicted feelings and finds comfort in the fact that Booth understood how she felt.[51]

text: The relationship between Brennan and Booth has often become strained when either partner has a significant other. For example, Booth was quite irritable when Brennan dated Agent Sully,[52] and their relationship was also strained when Booth's brother Jared was showing an interest in Brennan. Brennan constantly needled Booth while he was dating Tessa.

text: When Brennan decided that she wanted to have a baby, she asked Booth if he would be the sperm donor. He agrees to Brennan's request at first, but subsequently struggles with the thought of not being involved in the life of his prospective child. Eventually he tells Brennan he cannot let her have his child if he is not allowed to be a father to it. Soon thereafter, it is discovered that he has a (benign) brain tumour.[53] He has to undergo surgery, and though the surgery is successful, a poor reaction to anesthesia left him in a coma for several days. While in his coma, Brennan reads to him from her new novel, and he has an elaborate dream in which Brennan is his wife and that she is pregnant, and that the staff at the Jeffersonian play the characters in the novel. When he awakens, he initially suffers from amnesia, not recognizing Brennan.[54][55]

text: Although for the majority of the series Booth and Brennan denied that their relationship was anything more than friendly professionalism, they admitted to Dr. Sweets that they kissed and nearly spent the night together after their very first case together. After this discussion, Booth attempted to convince Brennan to give a relationship a try. However, she declined, telling him that she, unlike him, is not a gambler, and isn't able to take that kind of a chance.[6] They have subsequently attempted to date other people,[56] although the fact that Booth once comments that he regards Brennan as his "standard" for other women suggests that he, at least, has not completely moved on. Brennan does admit to her best friend Angela Montenegro that as time has gone on, she is unsure if she wants to keep doing consulting work for the FBI, citing that she is tired of murderers and victims, and is constantly worried that something will happen to Booth and she will be unable to save him. In the climax of Season Five, Brennan and Booth part ways for a year – he goes to Afghanistan while she leaves for the Maluku Islands in Indonesia – but they promise to meet, one year from that day, at the Lincoln Memorial.[37]

text: In the beginning of season six (7 months later), they reunite in the stated place. Booth came back from Afghanistan, along with everyone else from various places, to help save Cam's job. They all decided to stay. Booth has a serious new girlfriend, Hannah, and despite the hints of her colleagues at Brennan's unconscious jealousy of their relationship, she vehemently denies feeling uncomfortable with the new situation. Through subsequent episodes her jealousy and resentfulness began becoming more apparent as Hannah and Booth started becoming more serious. In the episode "The Doctor in the Photo", Brennan realizes she is in love with Booth and confronts him, but she is let down when Booth says that he loves Hannah and she is not a "consolation prize", prompting Brennan to conclude that she has missed her chance, later reflecting that she should move on. In episode 10 of the sixth season "The Body in the Bag", Booth tells his girlfriend about the incident, stating that it (his love for Temperance) was all in the past and whatever he felt, he does not feel it anymore, except for Hannah. However it was clear in the following episode that he still has feelings for Brennan.

text: Despite her apparent resolve to move on, Brennan later showed sorrow when her father noted that he always thought she and Booth would end up together. During a subsequent case involving a polygamist who would spend the night with his first wife on the night he was scheduled to sleep alone, Booth commented that, while you can love several people, there is only ever one person you love the most, prompting Brennan to ask what happens when you push that person away, something Booth answered saying that it never truly leaves, adding further weight to the implication that he still has feelings for Brennan. Following Hannah's departure, the two have begun to reconnect, to the point that, during a case that saw the two trapped in an elevator during a blackout for several hours, Booth and Brennan admitted that they are each interested in a relationship, but require more time to sort out their own feelings before they make such a commitment.

text: In episode 22 of season 6, "The Hole in the Heart", which saw the death of Vincent Nigel-Murray (Brennan's favorite intern) at the hands of renegade sniper Jacob Broadsky, Booth has Brennan stay at his apartment for her safety.  Later that night, Brennan, still overcome with shock and grief over Vincent's death, goes into Booth's bedroom and they talk about the events of that day, and then allows Booth to hold her in bed. It is implied in the following day that they had sex.  In the last scene of the season 6 finale, "The Change in the Game", after the birth of Angela and Hodgins' son, Brennan tells Booth that she is pregnant and that he is the father.

text: At the start of Season 7, a very pregnant Brennan and Booth are a couple but are going back and forth between apartments. Booth suggests that they should have their own place, whereas Brennan wants Booth to move into her apartment. It causes a minor rift between them, but is resolved when Booth admits why he wants to move into a new house and Brennan having some time to think over it says it's a good idea because she'd need him practically, emotionally and sexually. In episode 6, "The Crack in the Code," they decide to buy a two-story house in the suburbs—which they jokingly called "The Mighty Hut"—that Booth found at a police auction and renovate it, (according to a mailed check sent to Brennan in "The Heiress in the Hill", in season 9, the "Mighty Hut"'s address is "1297 Janus Street, Washington DC, 20002").  In episode 7, "The Prisoner in the Pipe", Brennan goes into labor inside a prison just as she discovers who killed in an inmate there and Booth rushes her out with the intention to take her to the nearest hospital, but they both know she won't make it in time. This leads them to driving to an inn close to the prison. At first, they are rejected and are told to leave, but after some desperate pleading from an agonized Brennan, the two of them are led to a stall where she gives birth to their daughter, Christine Angela Booth (named after Temperance's mother, Christine Brennan, and Temperance's best friend Angela Montenegro). Some time after the delivery, Temperance and Seeley both go back to their home where they celebrate with their friends from the Jeffersonian, who brought dinners that would last a few nights as well as a few baby supplies. In "The Past in the Present", Brennan becomes the prime suspect in the murder of her schizophrenic friend, Ethan Sawyer, after supposedly threatening to kill Christine. Max advises Brennan to get off the grid and go into hiding, but she and Booth do not follow up at this suggestion. However, at the end of the episode, after Christine is christened in a Catholic church, it is revealed Brennan decided to take her father's advice and flee with her daughter until her name is cleared. Just before Brennan flees town with Christine, she tells Booth she loves him and not just because of their daughter. After she is cleared of Sawyer's murder, Brennan, Booth and Christine resume their family life.

text: At the end of Season 8, Brennan finally decides to marry Booth. However, their plans are ruined when a vengeful Christopher Pelant blackmails Booth, threatening to kill five random people if Booth marries Brennan. Booth calls off the wedding, but does not explain the real reason to Brennan.  Brennan is devastated but pretends to be fine with this.[57][58] In the season 9 premiere, Brennan fears that since Booth turned down her proposal, she fears that the love from their life is fading. After talking with bartender Aldo Clemens, a former priest and Army chaplain Booth confessed to, she realizes that it was uncharacteristic for Booth to suddenly cancel the wedding as he believed in marriage and that he likely had a legitimate reason to do so. Despite her colleagues' anger at Booth, she decides to stay with him, telling him that she understands that he has his reasons and has faith that he will resolve the issue. In the episode 4, "The Sense in the Sacrifice", after Booth singlehandedly tracks Pelant down through an abandoned building and kills him with a single gunshot, he reveals to her that Pelant had blackmailed him. Pelant had threatened to kill five innocent people if Booth continued with the wedding or went to the police or FBI. At the end of the episode he proposes and she happily accepts; unknown to them, Caroline, Angela and Hodgins witnessed it via the security cameras. In "The Woman in White", Booth and Brennan marry at a small garden ceremony outside the Jeffersonian.

text: Their infant son Hank Jr. (named after Booth's grandfather) was born off-screen sometime after season 10 and before the beginning of season 11.

text: Tim "Sully" Sullivan[edit]

text:
Brennan had a brief relationship with FBI Agent Tim Sullivan (Eddie McClintock), also known as Sully, whom she met while on a case when Booth was in therapy due to his grief-induced rage over his self-perceived role in the death of serial killer Howard Epps. Sully asked Dr. Brennan out on a date after their case was completed, and they began a relationship.[52]
Their relationship ended, however, when Sully decided to sail a boat down to the Caribbean, and Brennan declined to leave the Jeffersonian to go with him despite Angela trying to persuade her to follow him;[29] psychiatrist Doctor Gordon Wyatt (Stephen Fry) speculated that this was due to Brennan being unable to live a life without purpose.
Despite Dr. Wyatt's original perception as to why she stayed, there exist strong indications, especially through Angela's observations of the situation, that the real reason she stayed was because of Booth. Sully returns in Season 12.


document_title: Belmont Stakes

question_text: what is the fastest time at the belmont stakes

text: Belmont Stakes

text: History[edit]

text: 1868–1929: Early years[edit]

text: The first Belmont Stakes was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, built in 1866 by stock market speculator Leonard Jerome (1817–1891) and financed by August Belmont Sr. (1816–1890), for whom the race was named. The first race in 1867 saw the filly Ruthless win, while the following year was won by General Duke.[2] The race continued to be held at Jerome Park until 1890, when it was moved to the nearby facility, Morris Park Racecourse.[3] The 1895 race was almost not held because of new laws that banned bookmaking in New York: it was eventually rescheduled for November 2.[4] The race remained at Morris Park Racecourse until the May 1905 opening of the new Belmont Park, 430-acre (1.7 km2) racetrack in Elmont, New York on Long Island, just outside the New York City borough of Queens.[3] When anti-gambling legislation was passed in New York State, Belmont Racetrack was closed, and the race was cancelled in 1911 and 1912.[5]

text: The first winner of the Triple Crown was Sir Barton, in 1919, before the series was recognized as such.[6] In 1920, the Belmont was won by the great Man o' War, who won by 20 lengths, setting a new stakes and American record.[7]

text: Starting in 1926, the winner of the Belmont Stakes has been presented with August Belmont Trophy. The owner may keep the trophy for one year, and also receives a silver miniature for permanent use.[3]

text: 1930–2000: Evolution of the Triple Crown series[edit]

text: The term Triple Crown was first used when Gallant Fox won the three races in 1930, but the term did not enter widespread use until 1935 when his son Omaha repeated the feat. Sir Barton was then honored retroactively.[8] Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes, and then the Belmont Stakes. Prior to 1931, the Preakness was run before the Derby eleven times. On May 12, 1917 and again on May 13, 1922, the Preakness and the Derby were run on the same day. On eleven occasions, the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes.[9] The date of each event is now set by the Kentucky Derby, which is always held on the first Saturday in May. The Preakness Stakes is currently held two weeks later; and the Belmont Stakes is held three weeks after the Preakness (five weeks after the Derby). The earliest possible date for the Derby is May 1, and the latest is May 7; the earliest possible date for the Belmont is thus June 5, and the latest is June 11.[10]

text: In 1937, War Admiral became the fourth Triple Crown winner after winning the Belmont in a new track record time of 2:28 3/5.[11] In the 1940s, four Triple Crown winners followed: Whirlaway in 1941, Count Fleet in 1943, Assault in 1946 and Citation in 1948. Count Fleet won the race by a then-record margin of twenty-five lengths.[12] He also set a stakes record of 2:28 1/5, a record tied by Citation. In 1957, the stakes record was smashed when Gallant Man ran the Belmont in 2:26 3/5 in a year when the Triple Crown series was split three ways.[13]

text: The Belmont Stakes race was held at Aqueduct Racetrack from 1963 to 1967, while the track at Belmont was restored and renovated.

text: The largest crowd of the 20th century was in 1971 with over 80,000 people, supplemented by the city's Latino community, there to cheer on their new hero, Cañonero II, the Venezuelan colt who had won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes and was poised to win the U.S. Triple Crown. However, due to a foot infection that had bothered the horse for several days, Cañonero II failed to win the Triple Crown when he struggled across the finish line in 4th place behind Pass Catcher, ridden by Walter Blum. Despite this loss, Cañonero II was named the winner of the first Eclipse Award for Outstanding Three-Year-Old Male Horse.[14]

text: On June 9, 1973, Secretariat won the Belmont Stakes by thirty-one lengths in a record time of 2:24, becoming a Triple Crown champion, ending a 25-year gap between Citation, the Belmont and Triple Crown winner in 1948. Secretariat's record still stands as the fastest running of the Belmont Stakes and an American record for 1½ miles on the dirt.[15] In 1977, Seattle Slew became the first horse to win the Triple Crown while undefeated. Affirmed was the last winner of the Triple Crown in the 20th century, taking the Belmont Stakes in 2:26 4/5 on June 10, 1978. Ridden by eighteen-year-old Steve Cauthen, Affirmed defeated rival Alydar with Jorge Velasquez in the saddle. At the time the race was the third-slowest start and the third-fastest finish with the quarter in 25, the half in 50, 3/4 in 1:14, the mile in 1:37 2/5.[16]

text: In 1988, Secretariat's son Risen Star won the Belmont in 2:26 2/5, then the second-fastest time in the history of the race. The next year, Easy Goer lowered the mark for second-fastest time to 2:26. Easy Goer also holds a Beyer Speed Figure of 122 for the race, the best of any Triple Crown race since these ratings were first published in 1987.[17]

text: 2001–present: Recent years[edit]

text: For three years in a row, horses came to the Belmont Stakes with a Triple Crown on the line only to fail. In 2002, Belmont Park hosted what was then the largest crowd in its history when 103,222 saw War Emblem lose to longshot Sarava after stumbling at the start. In 2003, 101,864 watched Funny Cide finish third behind Empire Maker. In 2004, the attendance record was shattered when 120,139 people saw Smarty Jones upset by Birdstone.[18]

text: In 2007, Rags to Riches became the first filly to win the race since Tanya in 1905. Three more failed Triple Crown bids followed: in 2008, Big Brown lost to Da' Tara; in 2012, I'll Have Another was withdrawn due to injury; and in 2014, California Chrome was beaten by Tonalist. This fueled debate about whether the series needed to be changed, for example by lengthening the period between races.[19]

text: American Pharoah won the 2015 race, becoming the 12th horse in history to win the Triple Crown and the first in 37 years. The crowd that year was limited for the first time, to 90,000.[20] His time of 2:26.65 was the sixth-fastest in Belmont Stakes history, and the second-fastest time for a Triple Crown winner.[21]

text: Distance and race details[edit]

text: The Belmont Stakes has been run at a mile and a half since 1926, having been run at that distance in 1874-1889.

text: The race has also been run at the following distances: a mile and five furlongs in 1867-1873; a mile and a quarter in 1890-1892, 1895, and 1904-1905; a mile and a furlong in 1893-1894; and a mile and three furlongs from 1896-1903 and 1906-1925.

text: The purse for the first running in 1867 was $1,500 added,[22] meaning the purse was supplemented by nomination and entry fees. This made the total purse $2,500, with the winner receiving $1,850. The purse increased sharply in the Roaring Twenties, from Man O'War's earnings of $7,950 in 1920 to Gallant Fox's take of $66,040 in 1930. Purses declined as a result of the Great Depression, with War Admiral earning only $28,020 in 1937, then began to recover. Throughout the sixties and early seventies, the value to the winner was roughly $100,000, depending on the added money generated by entry fees (larger fields thus leading to higher prize money). The purse was repeatedly raised in the eighties and nineties, reaching $500,000 added, with the winner receiving roughly $400,000.[2] In 1998, the purse was changed to $1,000,000 guaranteed, with the winner receiving $600,000. In 2014, the purse was raised to $1,500,000.[23]

text: With one exception, the race has been run at a level weight of 126 pounds (with a 5-pound allowance for fillies) since 1900. The 126 pounds comes from the English Classics, where the standard weight is 9 stone, with one stone equaling 14 pounds. In 1913, the Belmont was run as a handicap with the winner carrying only 109 pounds compared to the runner-up carrying 126 pounds. Races run prior to 1900 had varied weight conditions.[2]

text: The first post parade in the United States was at the 14th Belmont, in 1880. Before 1921, the race was run in the clockwise tradition of English racing. Since then, the race has been run in the American, or counter-clockwise, direction. Because of its length (one lap around the enormous Belmont main track), and because it is the final race of the Triple Crown, it is called the "Test of the Champion". Most three-year-olds are unaccustomed to the distance, and lack the experience, if not the stamina, to maintain a winning speed for so long. In a long race such as the Belmont, positioning of the horse and the timing of the move to chase for the lead can be critical.

text: Traditions[edit]

text: The Belmont Stakes is traditionally called "The Test of the Champion" because of its 1.5 mile length—by far the longest of the three Triple Crown races, and one of the longest for a first-class race in the United States on the dirt. It is also known as "The Run for the Carnations" because the winning horse is draped with a blanket of white carnations after the race, in similar fashion to the blanket of roses and black-eyed Susans for the Derby and Preakness, respectively. The winning owner is ceremonially presented with the silver winner's trophy, designed by Paulding Farnham for Tiffany and Co. It was first presented to August Belmont Jr. in 1896 and donated by the Belmont family for annual presentation in 1926.

text: Despite the fact that the Belmont Stakes is the oldest of the Triple Crown races, its traditions have been more subject to change. Until 1996, the post parade song was "The Sidewalks of New York". From 1997 to 2009, the song was changed to broadcast a recording by Frank Sinatra of the "Theme from New York, New York" in an attempt to appeal to younger fans.[24] In 2010, the song was changed to Jay-Z's "Empire State of Mind"[25] before reverting to "Theme from New York, New York" from 2011[26] through the present. This tradition is similar to the singing of the state song at the post parades of the first two Triple Crown races: "My Old Kentucky Home" at the Kentucky Derby and "Maryland, My Maryland" at the Preakness Stakes.[3] The change of song gave rise to "the myth of Mamie O'Rourke," a reference to a character in the lyrics of "The Sidewalks of New York." Before American Pharoah won the Triple Crown in 2015, some claimed that changing the official Belmont song "cursed" the Triple Crown and was why no horse had won since Affirmed in 1978. Others note that there was no Triple Crown winner between 1979 and 1996, even though "Sidewalks" was still played.[27]

text: Along with the change of song in 1997, the official drink was also changed, from the "White Carnation" to the "Belmont Breeze."[28] The New York Times reviewed both cocktails unfavorably, calling the Belmont Breeze "a significant improvement over the nigh undrinkable White Carnation" despite the fact that it "tastes like a refined trashcan punch."[29] In 2011, the Belmont Breeze was again changed to the current official drink known as the "Belmont Jewel."

text: While the origin of the white carnation as the official flower of the Belmont Stakes is unknown, traditionally, pure white carnations stand for love and luck. It takes approximately 700 "select" carnations imported from Colombia to create the 40-pound blanket draped over the winner of the Belmont Stakes. The NYRA has long used The Pennock Company, a wholesale florist based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to import the carnations used for the mantle.[30]

text: Broadcasting history[edit]

text: From 1986 until 2005, the Triple Crown television rights comprised a single package. In late 2004, the New York Racing Association withdrew from that agreement to negotiate independently.[31] As a result of this NBC, who was the rights holder for all three events, was only able to keep its broadcast rights to the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. ABC regained the rights to the Belmont Stakes as part of a five-year contract that expired following the 2010 race; NBC has since regained the rights to the race through 2020.

text:
CBS Sports 1960–1985[32]
ABC Sports 1986–2000
NBC Sports 2001–2005, 2011–2020[33][34]
ESPN on ABC 2006–2010[31]

tag: ul

text: Records[edit]

text: Speed record:[36][a]

text: 2:24 flat – Secretariat (1973). Secretariat also holds the fastest ½-, ¾-, 1- and 1¼-mile fractions in Belmont history.

text: Record Victory Margin:[36]

text: 31 lengths – Secretariat (1973)

text: Most wins by a jockey:[36]

text:
6 – Jim McLaughlin (1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, 1888)
6 – Eddie Arcaro (1941, 1942, 1945, 1948, 1952, 1955)

text: Most wins by a trainer:[36]

text: 8 – James G. Rowe Sr.

text: Most wins by an owner:[36]

text:
6 – Belair Stud (1930, 1932, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1955)
6 – James R. Keene (1879, 1901, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1910)

text: Trivia[edit]

text:
Only James G. Rowe Sr. and George M. Odom have won the Belmont Stakes as both jockey and trainer.
On June 5, 1993 Thoroughbred racing's all-time leading female jockey, Julie Krone, became the first woman to win a Triple Crown race when she rode to victory in the Belmont Stakes aboard Colonial Affair.
In 1984, Sarah Lundy became the first female trainer to saddle a horse in the Belmont Stakes, sending out Minstrel Star, who finished eleventh.
The 2004 race had the biggest attendance in the park's history with 120,139.
Sarava, at odds of 70–1, upset War Emblem's bid for the Triple Crown.[35]
Braulio Baeza has the distinction of winning three Belmont Stakes over three different surfaces. He won in his Belmont Stakes debut on 65 to 1 long-shot Sherluck in 1961 at the old Belmont Park, won in 1963 on Chateaugay when the race was run at Aqueduct, and won in 1969 on Arts and Letters at the new Belmont Park.
Prior to the 2016 running, bay horses had the most victories with 56. Chestnuts were close behind with 54 wins, followed by 33 dark bay/browns. Only three gray/roan horses had won[36] (Belmar in 1895, Native Dancer in 1953, and High Echelon in 1970). In 2016, gray horses swept the top three positions[37]
Fourteen Belmont Stakes winners have sired at least one Belmont winner. Leading this list is Man o' War, who sired three subsequent winners — American Flag, Crusader and Triple Crown winner War Admiral.[36]
Twenty-three horses missed their chance at a Triple Crown by not winning the Belmont. Eight of these finished second: Pensive (1944), Tim Tam (1958), Forward Pass (1968), Majestic Prince (1969), Sunday Silence (1989), Silver Charm (1997), Real Quiet (1998), and Smarty Jones (2004). Five finished third: Northern Dancer (1964), Spectacular Bid (1979), Pleasant Colony (1981), Charismatic (1999), and Funny Cide (2003). Four finished fourth: Kauai King (1966), Canonero II (1971), Alysheba (1987), and California Chrome (2014). Carry Back (1961) finished seventh, War Emblem (2002) finished eighth and Big Brown (2008) did not finish. Finally, three Derby/Preakness winners did not race in the Belmont: Burgoo King (1932), Bold Venture (1933) and I'll Have Another (2012).[36]

text: Fillies in the Belmont[edit]

text: Only 23 fillies have run in the Belmont; three of which have won:

text:
1867 - Ruthless
1905 - Tanya
2007 - Rags to Riches

text: This gives them a respectable 13% win rate when entered.[38] For context, three fillies have won the Kentucky Derby while five have won the Preakness Stakes. On average, fillies have won between 2% and 3% of the Triple Crown races, with similar numbers for geldings; while about 95% of these races have been won by colts. The last filly as of November 2017 to run in the Belmont was in 2013 when Unlimited Budget ran six behind the winner Palace Malice.

text: Foreign-born winners[edit]

text:
1874 – Saxon
1898 – Bowling Brook
1917 – Hourless
1918 – Johren
1957 – Gallant Man
1958 – Cavan
1960 – Celtic Ash
1990 – Go And Go
1998 – Victory Gallop

text: Belmont Stakes winners[edit]

text:
Belmont Stakes winners since 1867

Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
Track
Length
Time*

2017
Tapwrit
Jose Ortiz
Todd Pletcher
Bridlewood Farm, Eclipse Thoroughbred Partners, Robert V. LaPenta
Belmont
11⁄2-miles
2:30.02

2016
Creator
Irad Ortiz Jr.
Steve Asmussen
WinStar Farm LLC
2:28.51

2015
American Pharoah †
Victor Espinoza
Bob Baffert
Zayat Stables, LLC
2:26.65

2014
Tonalist
Joel Rosario
Christophe Clement
Robert S. Evans
2:28.52

2013
Palace Malice
Mike Smith
Todd Pletcher
Dogwood Stable
2:30.70

2012
Union Rags
John Velazquez
Michael Matz
Phyllis M. Wyeth
2:30.42

2011
Ruler on Ice
Jose Valdivia Jr.
Kelly Breen
George and Lori Hall
2:30.88

2010
Drosselmeyer
Mike Smith
William Mott
WinStar Farm LLC
2:31.57

2009
Summer Bird
Kent Desormeaux
Tim Ice
Kalarikkal & Vilasini Jayaraman
2:27.54

2008
Da'Tara
Alan Garcia
Nick Zito
Robert V. LaPenta
2:29.65

2007
Rags to Riches ‡
John Velazquez
Todd Pletcher
M. Tabor & D. Smith
2:28.74

2006
Jazil
Fernando Jara
Kiaran McLaughlin
Shadwell Farm
2:27.86

2005
Afleet Alex
Jeremy Rose
Timothy Ritchey
Cash is King LLC
2:28.75

2004
Birdstone
Edgar Prado
Nick Zito
Marylou Whitney Stables
2:27.50

2003
Empire Maker
Jerry Bailey
Robert Frankel
Juddmonte Farms
2:28.26

2002
Sarava
Edgar Prado
Kenneth McPeek
New Phoenix Stable
2:29.71

2001
Point Given
Gary Stevens
Bob Baffert
The Thoroughbred Corp.
2:26.56

2000
Commendable
Pat Day
D. Wayne Lukas
Bob & Beverly Lewis
2:31.19

1999
Lemon Drop Kid
Jose Santos
Scotty Schulhofer
Jeanne G. Vance
2:27.88

1998
Victory Gallop
Gary Stevens
W. Elliott Walden
Prestonwood Farm
2:29.16

1997
Touch Gold
Chris McCarron
David Hofmans
Frank Stronach
2:28.82

1996
Editor's Note
Rene R. Douglas
D. Wayne Lukas
Overbrook Farm
2:28.96

1995
Thunder Gulch
Gary Stevens
Michael Tabor
2:32.02

1994
Tabasco Cat
Pat Day
Reynolds/Overbrook
2:26.82

1993
Colonial Affair
Julie Krone
Scotty Schulhofer
Centennial Farms
2:29.97

1992
A.P. Indy
Ed Delahoussaye
Neil Drysdale
Tomonori Tsurumaki
2:26.13

1991
Hansel
Jerry Bailey
Frank L. Brothers
Lazy Lane Farm
2:28.10

1990
Go And Go
Michael Kinane
Dermot K. Weld
Moyglare Stud Farm
2:27.20

1989
Easy Goer
Pat Day
C. R. McGaughey III
Ogden Phipps
2:26.00

1988
Risen Star
Ed Delahoussaye
Louie J. Roussel III
Louie J. Roussel III
2:26.40

1987
Bet Twice
Craig Perret
Jimmy Croll
Blanche P. Levy
2:28.20

1986
Danzig Connection
Chris McCarron
Woody Stephens
Henryk de Kwiatkowski
2:29.80

1985
Creme Fraiche
Eddie Maple
Brushwood Stables
2:27.00

1984
Swale
Laffit Pincay Jr.
Claiborne Farm
2:27.20

1983
Caveat
August Belmont IV
2:27.80

1982
Conquistador Cielo
Henryk de Kwiatkowski
2:28.20

1981
Summing
George Martens
Luis Barrera
Charles T. Wilson Jr.
2:29.00

1980
Temperence Hill
Eddie Maple
Joseph B. Cantey
Loblolly Stable
2:29.80

1979
Coastal
Ruben Hernandez
David A. Whiteley
William Haggin Perry
2:28.60

1978
Affirmed †
Steve Cauthen
Laz Barrera
Harbor View Farm
2:26.80

1977
Seattle Slew †
Jean Cruguet
William H. Turner Jr.
Karen L. Taylor
2:29.60

1976
Bold Forbes
Angel Cordero Jr.
Laz Barrera
E. Rodriguez Tizol
2:29.00

1975
Avatar
Bill Shoemaker
Tommy Doyle
Arthur A. Seeligson Jr.
2:28.20

1974
Little Current
Miguel A. Rivera
Lou Rondinello
Darby Dan Farm
2:29.20

1973
Secretariat †
Ron Turcotte
Lucien Laurin
Meadow Stable
2:24.00

1972
Riva Ridge
Meadow Stud
2:28.00

1971
Pass Catcher
Walter Blum
Eddie Yowell
October House Farm
2:30.40

1970
High Echelon
John L. Rotz
John W. Jacobs
Ethel D. Jacobs
2:34.00

1969
Arts and Letters
Braulio Baeza
J. Elliott Burch
Rokeby Stables
2:28.80

1968
Stage Door Johnny
Heliodoro Gustines
John M. Gaver Sr.
Greentree Stable
2:27.20

1967
Damascus
Bill Shoemaker
Frank Y. Whiteley Jr.
Edith W. Bancroft
Aqueduct
2:28.80

1966
Amberoid
William Boland
Lucien Laurin
Reginald N. Webster
2:29.60

1965
Hail To All
Johnny Sellers
Eddie Yowell
Zelda Cohen
2:28.40

1964
Quadrangle
Manuel Ycaza
J. Elliott Burch
Rokeby Stables
2:28.40

1963
Chateaugay
Braulio Baeza
James P. Conway
Darby Dan Farm
2:30.20

1962
Jaipur
Bill Shoemaker
Bert Mulholland
George D. Widener Jr.
Belmont
2:28.80

1961
Sherluck
Braulio Baeza
Harold Young
Jacob Sher
2:29.20

1960
Celtic Ash
Bill Hartack
Thomas J. Barry
Joseph E. O'Connell
2:29.20

1959
Sword Dancer
Bill Shoemaker
J. Elliott Burch
Brookmeade Stable
2:28.40

1958
Cavan
Pete Anderson
Thomas J. Barry
Joseph E. O'Connell
2:30.20

1957
Gallant Man
Bill Shoemaker
John A. Nerud
Ralph Lowe
2:26.60

1956
Needles
David Erb
Hugh L. Fontaine
D & H Stable
2:29.80

1955
Nashua
Eddie Arcaro
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
2:29.00

1954
High Gun
Eric Guerin
Max Hirsch
King Ranch
2:30.80

1953
Native Dancer
Bill Winfrey
Alfred G. Vanderbilt II
2:28.60

1952
One Count
Eddie Arcaro
Oscar White
Sarah F. Jeffords
2:30.20

1951
Counterpoint
David Gorman
Sylvester Veitch
C. V. Whitney
2:29.00

1950
Middleground
William Boland
Max Hirsch
King Ranch
2:28.60

1949
Capot
Ted Atkinson
John M. Gaver Sr.
Greentree Stable
2:30.20

1948
Citation †
Eddie Arcaro
Horace A. Jones
Calumet Farm
2:28.20

1947
Phalanx
Ruperto Donoso
Sylvester Veitch
C. V. Whitney
2:29.40

1946
Assault †
Warren Mehrtens
Max Hirsch
King Ranch
2:30.80

1945
Pavot
Eddie Arcaro
Oscar White
Walter M. Jeffords Sr.
2:30.20

1944
Bounding Home
Gayle Smith
Matt Brady
William Ziegler Jr.
2:32.20

1943
Count Fleet †
Johnny Longden
Don Cameron
Fannie Hertz
2:28.20

1942
Shut Out
Eddie Arcaro
John M. Gaver Sr.
Greentree Stable
2:29.20

1941
Whirlaway †
Ben A. Jones
Calumet Farm
2:31.00

1940
Bimelech
Fred A. Smith
William A. Hurley
Edward R. Bradley
2:29.60

1939
Johnstown
James Stout
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
2:29.60

1938
Pasteurized
George M. Odom
Carol Harriman Plunkett
2:29.40

1937
War Admiral †
Charley Kurtsinger
George Conway
Glen Riddle Farm
2:28.60

1936
Granville
James Stout
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
2:30.00

1935
Omaha †
Willie Saunders
2:30.60

1934
Peace Chance
Wayne D. Wright
Pete Coyne
Joseph E. Widener
2:29.20

1933
Hurryoff
Mack Garner
Henry McDaniel
2:32.60

1932
Faireno
Tommy Malley
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
2:32.80

1931
Twenty Grand
Charley Kurtsinger
James G. Rowe Jr.
Greentree Stable
2:29.60

1930
Gallant Fox †
Earl Sande
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
2:31.60

1929
Blue Larkspur
Mack Garner
Herbert J. Thompson
Edward R. Bradley
2:32.80

1928
Vito
Clarence Kummer
Max Hirsch
Alfred H. Cosden
2:33.20

1927
Chance Shot
Earl Sande
Pete Coyne
Joseph E. Widener
2:32.40

1926
Crusader
Albert Johnson
George Conway
Glen Riddle Farm
2:32.20

1925
American Flag
Albert Johnson
Gwyn R. Tompkins
13⁄8-miles
2:16.80

1924
Mad Play
Earl Sande
Sam Hildreth
Rancocas Stable
2:18.80

1923
Zev
2:19.00

1922
Pillory
C. H. Miller
Thomas J. Healey
Richard T. Wilson Jr.
2:18.80

1921
Grey Lag
Earl Sande
Sam Hildreth
Rancocas Stable
2:16.80

1920
Man o' War
Clarence Kummer
Louis Feustel
Glen Riddle Farm
2:14.20

1919
Sir Barton †
Johnny Loftus
H. Guy Bedwell
J. K. L. Ross
2:17.40

1918
Johren
Frank Robinson
Albert Simons
Harry P. Whitney
2:20.40

1917
Hourless
James H. Butwell
Sam Hildreth
August Belmont Jr.
2:17.80

1916
Friar Rock
Everett Haynes
2:22.00

1915
The Finn
George Byrne
Edward W. Heffner
Henry C. Hallenbeck
2:18.40

1914
Luke McLuke
Merritt C. Buxton
John F. Schorr
John W. Schorr
2:20.00

1913
Prince Eugene
Roscoe Troxler
James G. Rowe Sr.
Harry P. Whitney
2:18.00

1912
No races held due to the Hart–Agnew Law.

1911

1910
Sweep
James H. Butwell
James G. Rowe Sr.
James R. Keene
Belmont
13⁄8-miles
2:22.00

1909
Joe Madden
Eddie Dugan
Sam Hildreth
Sam Hildreth
2:21.60

1908
Colin
Joe Notter
James G. Rowe Sr.
James R. Keene
N/A

1907
Peter Pan
George Mountain
N/A

1906
Burgomaster
Lucien Lyne
John W. Rogers
Harry P. Whitney
2:20.00

1905
Tanya ‡
Gene Hildebrand
11⁄4-miles
2:08.00

1904
Delhi
George M. Odom
James G. Rowe Sr.
James R. Keene
Morris Park
2:06.60

1903
Africander
John Bullman
Richard O. Miller
Hampton Stable
13⁄8-miles
2:21.75

1902
Masterman
John J. Hyland
August Belmont Jr.
2:22.60

1901
Commando
Henry Spencer
James G. Rowe Sr.
James R. Keene
2:21.00

1900
Ildrim
Nash Turner
H. Eugene Leigh
H. Eugene Leigh
2:21.25

1899
Jean Bereaud
Richard Clawson
Sam Hildreth
Sydney Paget
2:23.00

1898
Bowling Brook
Fred Littlefield
R. Wyndham Walden
A. H. & D. H. Morris
2:32.00

1897
Scottish Chieftain
Joe Scherrer
Matt Byrnes
Marcus Daly
2:23.25

1896
Hastings
Henry Griffin
John J. Hyland
Blemton Stable
2:24.50

1895
Belmar
Fred Taral
Edward Feakes
Preakness Stables
11⁄4-miles
2:11.50

1894
Henry of Navarre
Willie Simms
Byron McClelland
Byron McClelland
11⁄8-miles
1:56.50

1893
Comanche
Gus Hannon
Empire Stable
1:53.25

1892
Patron
William Hayward
Lewis Stuart
Lewis Stuart
11⁄4-miles
2:17.00

1891
Foxford
Edward R. Garrison
M. Donavan
C. E. Rand
2:08.75

1890
Burlington
Pike Barnes
Albert Cooper
Hough Bros.
2:07.75

1889
Eric
William Hayward
John Huggins
A. J. Cassatt
Jerome Park
11⁄2-miles
2:47.25

1888
Sir Dixon
Jim McLaughlin
Frank McCabe
Dwyer Bros. Stable
2:40.25

1887
Hanover
2:43.50

1886
Inspector B
2:41.00

1885
Tyrant
Paul Duffy
C. Claypool
James B. A. Haggin
2:43.00

1884
Panique
Jim McLaughlin
James G. Rowe Sr.
Dwyer Bros. Stable
2:42.00

1883
George Kinney
2:42.50

1882
Forester
Lewis Stuart
Appleby & Johnson
2:43.00

1881
Saunterer
Tom Costello
R. Wyndham Walden
George L. Lorillard
2:47.00

1880
Grenada
W. Hughes
2:47.00

1879
Spendthrift
George Evans
Thomas Puryear
James R. Keene
2:42.75

1878
Duke of Magenta
W. Hughes
R. Wyndham Walden
George L. Lorillard
2:43.50

1877
Cloverbrook
C. Holloway
Jeter Walden
E. A. Clabaugh
2:46.00

1876
Algerine
Billy Donohue
Thomas W. Doswell
Doswell & Co.
2:40.50

1875
Calvin
Bobby Swim
Ansel Williamson
Hal P. McGrath
2:42.25

1874
Saxon
George Barbee
W. Prior
Pierre Lorillard IV
2:39.50

1873
Springbok
James G. Rowe Sr.
David McDaniel
David McDaniel
15⁄8-miles
3:01.75

1872
Joe Daniels
2:58.25

1871
Harry Bassett
Walter Miller
2:56.00

1870
Kingfisher
Edward D. Brown
Rollie Colston
Daniel Swigert
2:59.50

1869
Fenian
C. Miller
Jacob Pincus
August Belmont
3:04.25

1868
General Duke
Bobby Swim
A. Thompson
McConnell & Co.
3:02.00

1867
Ruthless ‡
Gilbert Patrick
A. Jack Minor
Francis Morris
3:05.00

tag: table

text: Note: Timed to the 1⁄4 second 1867 to 1901 and 1903, and to the 1⁄5 second in 1902 and from 1904 to 1991. Decimal timing, to the nearest 1⁄100, is now used, though race calls and many charts still use fifths.

text:
A † designates a Triple Crown Winner.
A ‡ designates a filly.


question_text: who plays the turtles in out of the shadows

text: Plot[edit]

text: Two years after their battle with Shredder and Eric Sacks,  the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Leonardo, Donatello, Raphael, and Michelangelo, still live beneath the sewers of New York City, having allowed Vern Fenwick to take the credit for Shredder's defeat. At Grand Central Station, April O'Neil discovers and informs the turtles that scientist Baxter Stockman is working for Shredder and plans to bust him out of prison. As Shredder is transferred between prisons alongside criminals Bebop and Rocksteady by corrections officer Casey Jones, the Foot Clan attack the convoy transporting them. Despite the turtles' interference, Shredder escapes when Stockman uses a teleportation device. Shredder is hijacked mid-teleport, winds up in another dimension, and meets the alien warlord Krang, who reveals his plans to invade Earth. He gives Shredder a purple mutagenic compound in exchange for his promise to find three components of a machine that Krang sent to Earth long ago which will open a portal to his dimension when united, knowing that Shredder and Stockman have the first piece. Casey tells NYPD chief Rebecca Vincent what happened to Shredder but is met with disbelief, and decides to go out on his own.

text: Shredder returns to NY, recruits Bebop and Rocksteady, who also escaped, and has Stockman use Krang's mutagen to transform them into powerful animal mutants—a humanoid warthog and rhinoceros. April witnesses their transformation and is able to steal the remaining mutagen vial. Pursued by the Foot, she is rescued by Casey, who uses hockey gear, but the vial is taken into police custody. April then introduces Casey to the turtles, and Raphael and Michelangelo make fun of and pull pranks on him. In the lair, Donatello deduces that the mutagen could be used to turn the turtles into humans, enabling them to live normal lives above ground, but Leonardo refuses and insists on keeping it a secret from the others. However, Michelangelo overhears their conversation and tells Raphael, which enrages Raphael and leads to a fierce argument between the brothers. Leonardo benches Raphael and takes Michelangelo off the mission. In the Natural History Museum, Shredder, Bebop, and Rocksteady find the second piece and steal it before Leonardo and Donatello arrive. Still furious, Raphael recruits Michelangelo, April, Casey, and Vern to break into the NYPD headquarters and retrieve the mutagen. Vern distracts the police while April and Casey retrieve the mutagen, but the Foot arrive ahead of them. In the ensuing battle, the turtles' existence is revealed to the police, who react with fear and hatred, and April and Casey are arrested while helping the brothers escape with the mutagen. Vincent also sees on TCRI's cameras that April stole the mutagen, but Stockman had edited the tape so  only April is seen.

text: The turtles track Bebop and Rocksteady as they recover the final piece of the device in the rainforests of Manaus, Brazil, and board Rocksteady and Bebop's jet in midair. In the resulting battle, the jet is critically damaged after Rocksteady fires a tank-mounted machine gun in the cargo hold, and crashes into a river. As the Turtles fight Bebop in the river for control of the piece, Rocksteady emerges in the tank and helps Bebop escape with the piece. The turtles return to NY as Shredder and Stockman complete the device and open a portal to Krang's dimension through which his modular war machine, the Technodrome, begins to emerge. Shredder betrays Stockman and his men take him to their headquarters in Tokyo. When entering the Technodrome, Krang likewise betrays Shredder, freezing him and locking him with his collection of other defeated foes.

text: Seeing no way to reach the Technodrome as the police pursue them, the turtles debate over taking the mutagen to become human and fight openly. While Leonardo agrees, Raphael shatters the vial, realizing they must accept who they are. Upon April's request, Vern recovers the security footage from a hidden TCRI camera disguised as a clock that proves Stockman and Shredder's collaboration and secures April and Casey's release. April arranges a meeting between the turtles and Vincent, and convinces her that they are not enemies and were the ones who defeated Shredder in the first place. With the help of the police, the turtles are able to jump from the Chrysler Building and confront Krang aboard the still-assembling Technodrome. Although Krang is able to overpower all four turtles easily, they defeat him when Donatello short circuits Krang's robotics body. April, Casey and Vern raid the Foot Clan facility, defeat Bebop, Rocksteady and Shredder's lieutenant Karai and take control of the device. The turtles are able to hurl the ship's beacon back through the portal, taking Krang and the rest of the Technodrome with it, as April, Casey, and Vern shut the portal down. As he disappears, Krang vows to return stronger for revenge.

text: A week later, Bebop and Rocksteady are back in custody, while Stockman remains at large. At night, the turtles are honored by Vincent and the NYPD along with April, Casey, and Vern, and given golden keys to the city. Vincent offers to introduce the turtles to the public, allowing them to lead normal lives, but the turtles opt to keep their existence a secret while still helping as they always have. On top of the Statue of Liberty, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles celebrate their victory over the vanquished Krang.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Voice actors and motion-capture[edit]

text:
Pete Ploszek as Leonardo: The leader of the turtles who wields a pair of katana in battle
Alan Ritchson as Raphael: The hot-headed brother who wields a pair of sai in battle.
Noel Fisher as Michelangelo: The light-hearted brother known for his pranks and jokes and who wields a pair of nunchucks in battle.
Jeremy Howard as Donatello: The intelligent brother known for his scientific and technological expertise who builds equipment and machinery for the turtles and wields a bo-staff.
Peter D. Badalamenti (motion-capture) and Tony Shalhoub (voice) as Splinter: The mentor and father-figure of the turtles. His motion-capture was previously performed by Danny Woodburn in the first film.
Gary Anthony Williams as Bebop:[6] A criminal partner of Rocksteady who was genetically mutated into an anthropomorphic warthog.
Sheamus as Rocksteady:[7] A criminal partner of Bebop who was genetically mutated into an anthropomorphic rhinoceros.
Brad Garrett as Krang:[8][9] A megalomaniacal ruthless extraterrestrial life-form equipped with a robotic prototype body, who seeks to destroy Earth and enslave the universe.

text: Live action[edit]

text:
Megan Fox as April O'Neil: A reporter for Channel 6 who had befriended the turtles in the previous film, who now helps them fight the released Shredder and his allies.
Stephen Amell as Casey Jones: A corrections officer turned vigilante who wears a hockey-mask and wields a hockey stick as a weapon. He eventually meets and befriends the turtles and April.
Will Arnett as Vern Fenwick: April's cameraman and friend who is revealed to have taken credit for the turtles actions in saving New York City. He again assists the turtles in stopping Shredder once again.
Laura Linney as Police Chief Rebecca Vincent:[10] the chief of NYPD who initially detests but later allies with the turtles in saving New York City.
Brian Tee[11] as Oroku Saki / The Shredder: The leader of the Foot Clan who now seeks revenge on the turtles and allies with Krang. He was previously portrayed by Tohoru Masamune in the first film.
Tyler Perry as Dr. Baxter Stockman: A mad scientist and former worker at Sacks Industries who allies with Shredder in the latter's aims to take over New York City.
Brittany Ishibashi as Karai:[12] Shredder's second in-command.

text: Dean Winters appears as a bartender. Supermodel Alessandra Ambrosio has a cameo appearance.[13] NBA players Carmelo Anthony, DeAndre Jordan, Lou Amundson, J. J. Redick, Austin Rivers, Matt Barnes, and Spencer Hawes also made cameos in the film.[14][15][16] Series co-creator Kevin Eastman makes a cameo appearance as a pizza delivery man named after himself in the film's opening.[17] Jill Martin also made a cameo appearance in the basketball scene in the film. Judith Hoag, who previously played April O'Neil in the original 1990 film, plays a cameo as Rita, April's boss, in a deleted scene. Jane Wu plays Jade, a police officer.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After the 2014 film exceeded box office expectations, Paramount and Nickelodeon officially announced a sequel was greenlit, and set to be released in theatres on June 3, 2016,[18] with plans to incorporate the characters Casey Jones and Bebop and Rocksteady.[19] Jonathan Liebesman and Bradley Fuller were also interested in doing a storyline that involved Dimension X and Krang.[20] In December 2014, it was revealed Paramount was in early negotiations with Earth to Echo director Dave Green to helm the sequel, also revealing Jonathan Liebesman was no longer a part of the project.[21] Known briefly as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Half Shell,[22] Paramount revealed in December 2015 that the title had officially been changed to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows.[23][24]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Megan Fox and Will Arnett were confirmed to be returning as April O'Neil and Vern Fenwick respectively; also confirmed were the Shredder's return, and Bebop and Rocksteady debut in the movie.[25] In an interview, William Fichtner stated that he would be returning as Eric Sacks, but for unknown reasons, he ultimately did not appear in the final film. However, he could return in the third installment, considering he (along with the turtle actors, Noel Fisher, Jeremy Howard, Alan Ritchson and Pete Ploszek) signed on for three TMNT films.[26] Production was confirmed to start in April 2015,[27] along with the casting of Alessandra Ambrosio, and several members of the Los Angeles Clippers.[28][29] On March 31, Stephen Amell was cast as Casey Jones, after test reading alongside several different actors.[30] Amell acknowledged the character bore similarities to his Oliver Queen from Arrow. He stated the characters are "fundamentally different" from one another, but that Casey did resemble Oliver from older versions.[31] On April 23, Tyler Perry was cast as scientist Baxter Stockman, replacing K. Todd Freeman, who played the role in the 2014 film.[32] On April 27, Brian Tee joined the cast as the Shredder, replacing Tohoru Masamune from the first film.[33] On April 30, Laura Linney was cast in an unspecified role.[10] On May 14, Gary Anthony Williams was cast as Bebop,[6] while on May 28, WWE wrestler Sheamus was confirmed to play Rocksteady.[7] On May 27, Minae Noji was replaced with Brittany Ishibashi in the role of Karai.[12] In August 2015, CM Punk revealed that he lost the role of Rocksteady to Sheamus.[34] In March 2016, it was announced that Fred Armisen would voice Krang in the film.[35][36] However, in May 2016, shortly before the film's release, it was revealed that Brad Garrett would voice Krang instead due to Armisen having schedule conflicts.[37] In April 2016, while promoting Elvis & Nixon, Johnny Knoxville revealed that he was not asked to return for the sequel as the voice of Leonardo.[38]

text: Music[edit]

text: On April 2, 2016, Steve Jablonsky revealed that he would compose the music score, replacing Brian Tyler from the first film.[39] Mexican teen boy band CD9 performed an updated version of the original show's theme song for the film.[40] The film score soundtrack was released on June 3, 2016, on digital platforms but excluded compact discs.[41]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in April in New York City and Buffalo, spending about $70 million in the state.[42] Filming began on April 27, 2015, when the film crew was spotted filming in Midtown Manhattan and moved out to Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.[43] Filming in Buffalo began on May 4, 2015, along the Kensington Expressway[44][45] and ended May 17, 2015.[46] Filming wrapped up in August 2015.[47][48] Additional filming occurred in New York City on January 30, and ended on February 1. Farelly and Williams recorded additional dialogue for the film in February 2016.[49][unreliable source]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in New York City on May 22, 2016,[50] and was released in the United Kingdom on May 30, 2016, and the United States on June 3, 2016.[51]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Concept art of Bebop and Rocksteady was shown at Paramount Pictures’ CinemaCon panel on April 22, 2015.[52] A 14-second teaser of the trailer was released by Stephen Amell on December 9, 2015.[53] The full trailer debuted the following day.[54][55] On January 5, 2016, a toy catalog for the film was leaked online. The toys debuted at the 2016 Toy Fair in February. A 30-second TV spot premiered at the 2016 Super Bowl 50 on February 7, 2016.[56] A 7-second sneak preview of the TV spot was released three days prior.[57] On February 12, 2016, a second TV spot was released. On February 17, 2016, Paramount released four character posters featuring the four turtles.[58] On February 25, 2016, Megan Fox and Stephen Amell announced a sweepstakes for the film.[59] On March 2, 2016, Paramount released four more ninja turtle posters.[60]

text: Will Arnett debuted the first official clip from the film at the 2016 Kids' Choice Awards, on March 12, 2016.[61] That same evening, the awards show and Brian Tee gave fans the first look at Shredder in full armor.[62] On March 24, 2016, it was announced that the toys from the film will be released in stores in April. The following day, Paramount released two more Bebop and Rocksteady posters and a new trailer from the film.[63] New footage of the film was also shown during that week at WonderCon.[35] On April 1, 2016, another Bebop and Rocksteady poster was released.[64] On April 8, 2016, another teaser trailer was released.[65] Another trailer with brand new footage debuted on April 11, 2016, along with a new poster.[66] Two new TV spots were released on April 18, 2016.[67] The next day, another TV spot was released.[68] Two days later, another TV spot debuted.[69] On May 3, 2016, another trailer debuted.[70] From May 12–16, 2016, six new TV spots debuted.[71][72][73] On May 19, 2016, Paramount debuted two additional TV spots.[74] The final full trailer for the film was released the following day.[75] Paramount released a trailer, which focused primarily on Bebop and Rocksteady, on May 26, 2016, which also aired during the May 30th episode of WWE Raw since Sheamus was in the film as Rocksteady.[76] Four new TV spots then debuted from May 28–30, 2016.[77][78]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows was released on Digital HD on September 6, 2016,[79] and on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on September 20, 2016.[80][81][82] The film debuted in first place on the overall home video sales chart and in second place on the Blu-ray sales chart for the week ending on September 25, 2016.[83]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows grossed $82.1 million in the United States and Canada and $163.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $245.6 million, against its production budget of $135 million.[4] It made around 50% less than its predecessor, which had grossed $493 million.[84] In October 2016, in response to the film's poor commercial performance, producers Andrew Form and Brad Fuller said they still "love" the movie and "loved making it", but they were still "surprised" by the film's performance and "it just didn’t find an audience."[85] The Hollywood Reporter estimated the film lost the studio at least $75 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[86]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, the film was projected to gross around $30–40 million from 4,071 theaters in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $49 million.[87][88][89][90][91] It received a one-week special run across 331 IMAX and IMAX 3D theaters from June 2 up to June 9.[92][93] The film made $2 million from Thursday night previews which began at 5 p.m., compared to the first film's $4.6 million.[94][95][96] On its opening day it earned $12.5 million (including previews), with $4.4 million (36%) coming from 3D showings.[97] In its opening weekend, it grossed $35.3 million, finishing first at the box office.[97] However, its opening was down 45% from the first film's $65.6 million debut.[98] Paramount vice chairman Rob Moore said that while the studio was hoping for a stronger opening, he believed that the film could make up some ground in the coming weeks since most films aimed at younger audiences play at better multiples.[99]

text: Outside North America, the film was released in about 30 overseas IMAX markets, beginning Wednesday, June 1, with additional markets throughout the summer, including China on July 2.[92] It opened across 40 markets the same weekend as its U.S. release, including big markets like the United Kingdom, Mexico and Russia, which is about 39% of its total international marketplace, and was projected to make around $36 million.[87][90][100] It ended up grossing $33 million, which is down 11% when compared to the first film's same suite of markets, and had No. 1 debuts in 21 markets out of the 40.[101] The top openings were in China ($26.1 million), the UK ($5.1 million), Russia ($4.8 million) and Mexico ($4.5 million).[102][103]  In the United Kingdom, it came in second place – behind Warcraft – with a £3.49 million ($5 million) seven-day opening from 513 theaters.[102][104]

text: In China the film was granted a rare July release date (along with The Legend of Tarzan,[105] where it grossed an estimated $26.1 million from 6,600 screens in two days. It had a limited opening on Friday, July 1 and opened wide the following day. It faced competition from local film Bounty Hunters which had the advantage of opening wide right from Friday. Yet, Out of the Shadows emerged victorious at the end of the weekend ahead of the latter's $18 million opening. As a result, Out of the Shadows became the ninth consecutive Hollywood import film to debut atop the chart beginning from May 6, 2016. In comparable to Saturday releases, the figure is almost double the launch of Big Hero 6; 41% above the first film; and 18% higher than The Angry Birds Movie.[103][106][107] It fell precipitously in its second weekend by 74%, earning $6.6 million and thereby slipped in to fourth place. It opened in key markets such as Germany and Austria on August 11 as well as Japan on August 26, 2016.[108]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 37% based on 161 reviews, with a rating average of 4.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows is a slight improvement over its predecessor, but still lacks the wit or anarchic energy of the comics that birthed the franchise."[109] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 40 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[110] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale, an improvement over the first film's "B".[111]

text: Glenn Kenny of The New York Times gave the film a positive review writing, "This movie is, it happens, easier to sit through than the 2014 film", while also adding that "The 3-D action, overseen by the director Dave Green, is not wholly incoherent. The production values (showcasing new mutants and many gear-heavy extra-dimensional machines undreamed of in any actual engineering philosophy) are ultrashiny. And there are even a couple of amusing, albeit unmemorable, sight gags and one-liners."[112] Edward Douglas of New York Daily News gave the film three out of five stars, saying, "As with the best popcorn flicks, Out of the Shadows offers plenty of mindless entertainment and mind-numbing silliness that somehow works well enough to leave even the Ninja Turtles' biggest detractors shell-shocked."[113] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post praised the film's action sequences and story while overall writing that, "Out of the Shadows is, at least, deliciously silly, even if it is also decidedly forgettable. Like a well-plated but nutrition-free meal, it registers on the senses while being bad for you."[114]

text: Peter Hartlaub of San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, writing, "Your 11-year-old is going to love this film. Then he'll grow up and wonder what he was thinking."[115] Sara Stewart of The New York Post gave the film two out of four stars and wrote, "despite the title, the wisecracking turtles named for Renaissance painters are never allowed to shine... It’s a bummer, dude."[116] Lindsey Bahr of the Associated Press gave the film one star out of four and said, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows is a Saturday morning cartoon on Michael Bay steroids. For the under 12 set, that's fine. For the rest of us? It's something to actively avoid."[117]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients
Result
Ref.

2016

2016 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer Movie Star: Female
Megan Fox
Nominated
[118]

Choice Summer Movie Star: Male
Stephen Amell

2017

37th Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Prequel, Remake, Ripoff or Sequel
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows
[119]

Worst Actress
Megan Fox

2017 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows
[120]

Favorite Movie Actress
Megan Fox

Favorite Movie Actor
Will Arnett

Squad
Noel Fisher, Jeremy Howard, Pete Ploszek and Alan Ritchson

text: Future[edit]

text: On August 16, 2014, Noel Fisher stated in an interview that he and the other Turtle actors have signed on for three more films.[121] Megan Fox has also signed on for three films.[122] On May 20, 2016, Tyler Perry said that if a third film is to be made, his character, Baxter Stockman, would probably mutate into his fly form during the movie.[123] Pete Ploszek has also expressed his interests in reprising his role in a third film as Leonardo.[124] On October 29, 2016, producer Andrew Form indicated that no plans were underway for a third film.[85]

text: On June 20, 2018, it was reported that Paramount Pictures was aiming to reboot the franchise with a new film.[125][126]

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