document_title: Meet the Fockers

question_text: who plays ben stiller's son in meet the fockers

question_tokens: who plays ben stiller 's son in meet the fockers

root

text: Meet the Fockers

text: Plot[edit]

text: Set two years after the events of the first film, Gaylord "Greg" Focker (Stiller) and his fiancée Pam Byrnes (Polo) decide to introduce their parents to each other. They first fly to Oyster Bay, New York, on Long Island, to pick up Pam's father, retired CIA operative Jack Byrnes (De Niro), her mother Dina (Danner) and one-year-old nephew Little Jack (the son of Bob and Debbie Banks). But rather than going to the airport as planned, Jack decides to drive the family to Miami to meet the Fockers in his new RV.

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text: Once they arrive, they are greeted by Greg's eccentric but fun-loving and amiable father, Bernie (Hoffman), and mother, Roz (Streisand), who is a sex therapist for elderly couples. Concerned that Jack might be put off by the Focker's lifestyle, Greg convinces Roz to pretend that she is a yoga instructor for the weekend. However, small cracks begin to form between Jack and the Fockers, due to their contrasting personalities. The meet gets off to a bad start when a chase between the Focker's active dog, Moses, and the Byrnes's cat, Jinx, culminates with Jinx flushing Moses down the RV's toilet, forcing Bernie to destroy it to save Moses. Later, Bernie accidentally injures Jack's back during a game of football.

text: Meanwhile, Pam informs Greg that she's pregnant, and the two decide to keep it secret from Jack. Jack again becomes suspicious of Greg's integrity and quality, when they are introduced to the Fockers' housekeeper, Isabel Villalobos (Alanna Ubach), with whom Bernie reveals Greg had a sexual affair fifteen years before. Jack later takes the RV to Isabel's 15-year-old son, Jorge (Ray Santiago), to fix the toilet, but is disturbed by Jorge's striking resemblance to Greg, and the fact that Jorge never met his father, and jumps to the conclusion that he might be Greg's son with Isabel. Meanwhile, Roz, Bernie and Dina realize Pam is pregnant, but promise not to tell Jack. Growing envious of Bernie and Roz's active sex life, Dina consults Roz on sex tips in order to seduce Jack, but none of them work.

text: Greg and Jack's relationship goes off with a bang when Greg is left alone to babysit Little Jack, whom Jack has been raising via the Ferber method. Despite Jack's instructions to leave Little Jack to self-soothe, Greg could not stand to listen to Little Jack's cries and tends to the boy to cheer him up by hugging him, letting him watch TV, acting funny, and inadvertently teaching Little Jack the word "asshole." Disaster strikes when Greg answers a brief phone call from Roz, which is long enough for Little Jack to wander out of his playpen (after being opened by Jinx), put on Scarface and glue his hands to a bottle of rum. After a furious argument with the Fockers and his own family (though amends are quickly made), Jack resumes his spying on Greg and sends Greg and Jorge's hair samples for a DNA test, while inviting Jorge to the Fockers' planned engagement party in the hope of getting Greg to admit he is Jorge's father. At the engagement party, Jack, who automatically assumes that Greg knew about Jorge and has deliberately been keeping him a secret from Pam, introduces Greg to Jorge. Later, when Greg denies knowing anything about Jorge, Jack does not believe him and drugs him with truth serum to make him talk. On stage, Greg uncontrollably blurts out that Pam is pregnant and that Jorge is, without a doubt, his son (in a comically Darth Vader-esque manner) before losing consciousness.

text: The next morning, Pam questions Greg about Jorge, and Greg does not confirm or deny that he is Jorge's father, but insists that he knew nothing about him before the previous evening. Pam believes him, and is willing to work things out with him. Jack reaches his breaking point with Greg's dishonesty and demands that Pam and Dina leave the island with him. Dina refuses and reveals Jack's actions to everyone. Everyone turns against Jack, with Pam announcing her intent to marry Greg regardless of him having Jorge with Isabel, and Dina admits that they were all aware of Pam's pregnancy. A shocked and hurt Jack leaves with his grandson.

text: Bernie and Greg pursue Jack, but are soon tasered and arrested by an incompetent deputy sheriff, Vern LeFlore (Tim Blake Nelson), for speeding. Jack returns to defend them after being informed Greg is not Jorge's father (his real father turns out to be a baseball player who also resembles Greg), but the overzealous LeFlore tasers and arrests him as well. In their cell, Greg, Jack, and Bernie are released by the local judge, Ira (Shelley Berman), who is a client of Roz and close friend of the Fockers. Before they leave, Greg requests that Jack and Bernie stop their feud. Jack admits that he made a mistake regarding Jorge and reveals his past career in the CIA to Bernie, before apologizing for his actions and making up with the two of them.

text: Greg and Pam are married that weekend by Pam's ex-fiancé, Kevin (Owen Wilson), who is now an ordained interfaith minister. During the party, Jack asks Roz for some sex tips and sneaks into the RV with Dina.

text: During the post-credit scene, Jack watches hidden baby-cam footage of the Fockers giving attention to Little Jack over Jack's previous objections: Roz gives Little Jack chocolate, Bernie advises him to use his crying to disagree with everything Jack says, and Greg pretends to drunkenly tell Little Jack to keep it a secret that he left to smoke pot, not answer the phone, when he left Little Jack unattended and that Pam is not really pregnant and only said it so that Jack would let them get married. Greg then pretends to only just discover the camera but then after making teasing gestures at it, Greg reveals that he knew about it all along and none of the things he said before were true.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Robert De Niro as Jack Byrnes
Ben Stiller as Gaylord "Greg" Focker
Dustin Hoffman as Bernard "Bernie" Focker
Barbra Streisand as Rozalin "Roz" Focker
Teri Polo as Pam Byrnes-Focker
Blythe Danner as Dina Byrnes
Spencer and Bradley Pickren as "Little" Jack Banks
Alanna Ubach as Isabel Villalobos
Ray Santiago as Jorge Villalobos
Tim Blake Nelson as Officer Vern LeFlore
Shelley Berman as Judge Ira
Owen Wilson as Kevin Rawley

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text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed or average reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 39% of 157 sampled critics gave the film positive reviews and that it got a rating average of 5.2 out of 10.[2] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 with reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 41 based on 34 reviews.[3]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film was a commercial success and is currently the highest-grossing film starring Robert De Niro.[4] The film grossed $46,120,980 on its opening weekend in North America (5,000 screens at 3,518 theaters, averaging $13,110 per theater, or $9,224 per screen).[5] At the end of the film's 149 days of release, it grossed a total of $279,261,160 in North America, and $237,381,779 in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $516,642,939, with an estimated 44 million tickets sold in the US. The film's budget was $80 million.[6]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
2005: Casting Society Of America, USA: Nominated for Best Feature Film Casting: Comedy.
2005: Teen Choice Awards: Nominated for Choice Movie: Blush, Choice Movie Actor: Comedy, Choice Movie Actor: Comedy, Choice Movie: Liar.
2005: MTV Movie Awards Won: Best Comedic Performance.
2005: ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards: Won Top Box Office Films.
2005: MTV Movie Awards in Mexico: Nominated for Best International Movie.


document_title: Simba

question_text: who was the singing voice of young simba

text: Simba

text: Development[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text:
Simba was framed for this terrible murder, and on the one hand you can say it wasn’t his fault, but he wasn’t a stand-up guy, so a little bit of the theme of the movie is you have to stand up for yourself if you know you’re right. So that idea of redemption, that idea of that day in your life that you have to take responsibility for yourself, that you’re no longer a child, you’re an adult, all those themes resonated with us when we were making the movie and, thankfully, the audience appreciated them, as well.

— Producer Don Hahn on Simba's role in the film.[1]

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text: The idea for The Lion King originated from Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg in 1989[2] and was originally conceived under the title King of the Jungle.[3] The story, which has been compared to Bambi (1942),[4] was jokingly referred to as "Bambi in Africa" because of the similarities between the two films and their respective main characters.[5] Co-director Rob Minkoff said that both films are "more true-life adventure than mythical epic."[5] Though considered an original[6][7] coming-of-age[8] story that follows the life of Simba as he grows up and "tak[es] on the responsibility of adulthood," co-directors Roger Allers and Minkoff drew inspiration from other sources. In particular, the biblical figures Moses and Joseph served as creative inspiration for the character.[9] Producer Don Hahn said that, like them, Simba is "born into royalty, is then exiled, and has to return to claim [his] kingdom."[10]

text: Several film and entertainment critics have noted similarities and parallels between the stories of The Lion King and William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, and their protagonists.[11][12][13][14] Allers said that these similarities were not initially intentional and came as a surprise to the filmmakers themselves; they noticed the similarities only after the story was established and they eventually decided to pursue it. According to Hahn, "When we first pitched the revised outline of the movie ... someone in the room announced that its themes and relationships were similar to Hamlet. Everyone responded favorably to the idea that we were doing something Shakespearean, so we continued to look for ways to model our film on that all-time classic."[10]

text: Screenwriter Jonathan Roberts said that, in a musical, songs are used to convey a character's emotions and "I wants." Composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice wrote the song "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" in order to give Simba a medium through which he can express his desire to become King of the Pride Lands. Roberts said, "It's a way for storytellers to move the story and deliver the direction of the character."[15]

text: Voice[edit]

text: Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba.[16] The first actor to be assigned to The Lion King,[7] Broderick learned of the role while he was on vacation in Ireland, where he received a telephone call from his agent informing him that the directors were interested in casting him as Simba.[17] At the time, Broderick was well known for portraying the title character in Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986). The directors decided to cast him as Simba because they felt that he was "perfect" for the role; according to producer Don Hahn, Broderick's voice resembled "the kind of character who could be irresponsible and likeable, but you also felt that he could come back in a very heroic way."[18] Jonathan Taylor Thomas, who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom Home Improvement at the time,[19][20] was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba.[21] His appearance and personality would later serve as creative inspiration for supervising animator Mark Henn.[6]

text: Though Broderick is a trained Broadway singer, he was not up to the task, and neither was non-singer Thomas, so Toto lead singer Joseph Williams and actor Jason Weaver were hired to dub their respective singing voices. Williams' voice is heard on the song "Can You Feel the Love Tonight".[22] Impressed by Weaver's performance as a young Michael Jackson in the miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream, songwriters Elton John and Tim Rice recruited him to record "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" and "Hakuna Matata"[23] while the film was still in its early stages of production.[24] As directors, Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff worked closely with the actors in order to ensure credible performances.[25] As is frequently done in animated films, the filmmakers videotaped the actors while they recorded their dialogue, allowing the animators to incorporate their specific mannerisms into the designs of their characters.[26]

text: Characterization and animation[edit]

text: When The Lion King was green-lit, its concept and story were not well received by studio employees. To guarantee the release of at least one successful film, Disney CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg divided the studio into two separate projects: The Lion King and Pocahontas (1995), with Pocahontas expected to be the more successful of the two. Because of this assumption, the majority of the studio's more seasoned animators gravitated towards Pocahontas because The Lion King was deemed a "risk", while less experienced animators were assigned to work on The Lion King.[27] Co-director Rob Minkoff received this positively, saying that this decision "gave a lot of newer animators a chance to step up to leadership roles."[28]

text:
You can't just use your house cat as a model, thinking, "I can just draw him, only bigger." You need to know why a lion is a lion, the difference in movements between a lion, a tiger, a leopard or your house cat. We looked at this film as our Bambi. They had the same approach. Look at the way the deer are drawn in Snow White and the way they drew the deer in Bambi just a few years later. They look like real deer because the artists did their homework.

— Supervising animator Mark Henn on animating Simba.[29]

text: The role of animating Simba was divided between Mark Henn and Ruben A. Aquino. While Henn served as the supervising animator of Simba as a cub, credited as Young Simba,[30] Aquino was placed in charge of animating the character as he appears as an adult.[31] The Lion King was Disney's first animated feature film to feature absolutely no humans since Robin Hood (1973). According to Aquino, animating four-legged creatures is difficult because the artists are faced with the task of drawing "twice as many legs ... as you do with human characters" and must also attribute to them both human and animal-like qualities. For assistance, Aquino drew influence from previous animated films that feature four-legged creatures as their main characters, citing Bambi, Lady and the Tramp (1955) and The Jungle Book (1967) as his main sources of inspiration.[32]

text: Before The Lion King, Henn's experience as a supervising animator was limited to predominantly female characters;[4][33] he had just recently completed work on Ariel from The Little Mermaid (1989), Belle from Beauty and the Beast (1991) and Jasmine from Aladdin (1992).[29] When he became involved with The Lion King, Henn initially expressed interest in animating the film's villain, Scar, because he wanted to do "something different."[4] However, producer Don Hahn felt that he was better suited for animating Simba.[34] Henn approaches animating new characters by "put[ting himself] into the character’s situation." Simba proved to be a challenge because Henn was faced with the task of creating an animated character who would both appear and behave like a real lion cub. To achieve this, Henn visited zoos, sketched and studied live lion cubs that were brought into the studio for research, and frequently consulted with wildlife experts.[35]

text: When it came time to animate Simba during the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" musical sequence, Henn felt it essential that the character remain on all fours at all times, despite the fact that he is meant to be dancing.[33] In terms of personality, Henn aimed to depict Simba as a "cocky, confident character" at the beginning of the film, who must eventually mature and learn to take responsibility.[4] The animators would often observe and document the voice actors while they recorded their dialogue, using their movements and mannerisms as a visual aid. Actor Jonathan Taylor Thomas, who provided the voice of Young Simba, served as inspiration for the design and personality of Simba. Henn said, "I loved watching Jonathan Taylor Thomas when he was a boy on Home Improvement, and getting to meet him and observe him."[36] Although Aquino was responsible for animating the majority of Simba's adult sequences, Henn animated the character's first appearance as an adult that occurs near the end of the "Hakuna Matata" musical number.[37]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: The Lion King[edit]

text: Released in theaters in 1994, The Lion King marks Simba's first appearance. All the animals in the Pride Lands gather at the foot of Pride Rock to commemorate the birth of Simba, who will eventually succeed to the throne and take his father Mufasa's place as king. Furious by the fact that he is no longer next in line, Simba's jealous uncle Scar refuses to attend the ceremony. While Simba grows into a rambunctious lion cub who frequently boasts about the fact that he will someday rule over the Pride Lands, Scar secretly plots against him.

text: Scar plots regicide and familicide against Simba and Mufasa by luring Simba into a vast gorge, where he triggers a wildebeest stampede. Notified by Scar that Simba is in danger, Mufasa rushes to his aid and manages to place him safely on a ledge. Weakened and unable to pull himself up the steep slope to safety, Mufasa asks his brother for assistance. However, Scar's true nature is revealed and he betrays Mufasa, throwing him into the gorge where he is killed by the fall.

text: Convinced by Scar that he is responsible for his father's death, Simba runs away to a distant jungle where he is befriended by Timon and Pumbaa, who teach him to ignore his past and avoid his responsibilities. There, he grows into a handsome young lion, while Scar wreaks havoc on the Pride Lands. When Simba is discovered by his childhood friend named Nala, she confronts him, warning him of Scar's tyranny and begging him to return home. Afraid of facing his past, Simba refuses until a wise mandrill named Rafiki leads him to Mufasa's ghost, who convinces him to return home and reclaim his kingdom from Scar.[38]

text: Simba returns to the Pride Lands and finds them barren because their natural resources have been squandered and abused by Scar. After witnessing Scar strike his mother Sarabi, Simba orders Scar to resign. At first thrown by the fact that he is alive, Scar soon regains composure and forces Simba to reveal that he is responsible for Mufasa's death, while cornering him at the edge of Pride Rock, hoping to subject him to a similar fate as his father. Having grown overconfident, Scar finally reveals to Simba that he killed Mufasa. Furious, Simba tackles Scar and forces him into announcing this to the pride, initiating a battle between Simba's pride of lionesses, Timon, Pumbaa and Scar's army of hyenas. Simba eventually defeats Scar and throws him into a pit, where he is cornered and killed by the hyenas, who overheard Scar blame them for what he'd done. Simba then takes his rightful place as king. When the kingdom returns to its former glory, the animals welcome the birth of King Simba and Queen Nala's first born.[39]

text: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride[edit]

text: A direct-to-video sequel released in 1998, Simba's Pride takes place shortly after the events of the first film, depicting Simba and Nala as king and queen of the Pride Lands. In a ceremony at Pride Rock, the Pride Lands commemorate the birth of Simba and Nala's daughter Kiara, whom Simba is overprotective of. He discovers that Kiara has disobeyed him by visiting the forbidden Outlands, home to an enemy pride of Scar's followers known as the Outsiders, and befriending a young member of the pride named Kovu. After a close confrontation with Kovu's mother Zira, the leader of the Outsiders and Scar's most loyal follower, Simba separates the two and reminds Kiara of her responsibilities as the future queen. Meanwhile, Zira plots to manipulate Kovu to exact revenge on Simba for Scar's death.

text: Several years later, Simba grants an adolescent Kiara's request to embark on her first hunt, but has Timon and Pumbaa follow her in secret. Realizing this, Kiara rebels and pursue her hunt outside of the Pride Lands, where she nearly falls victim to a wildfire. Kiara is rescued by Kovu, who returns her to the Pride Lands, which is actually part of Zira's plan to overthrow Simba. Saying that he has left the Outsiders, Kovu asks Simba to let him join his pride. Simba reluctantly accepts, but distrusts Kovu because of his similarities to Scar, and continues to treat him ruthlessly. That night, Simba has a nightmare about attempting to save his father Mufasa from falling into the stampede but is stopped by Scar who turns into Kovu and throws Simba off the cliff into the stampede.

text: While Kiara and Kovu's friendship continues to grow, Simba, encouraged by Nala, attempts to show Kovu kindness by spending a day with him. Realizing that Kovu is beginning to side with Simba because of his love for Kiara, Zira ambushes and attacks Simba. Convinced by Zira that Kovu is responsible for the ambush, Simba exiles him and forbids Kiara to see him, but she makes her father realize that he is acting irrationally, before leaving to find Kovu. When a battle ensues between the Pride Landers and the Outsiders, Kiara and Kovu arrive and stop them, with Kiara telling them that they are one. When a furious Zira attacks Simba, she is intercepted by Kiara, causing the two to fall over the edge of a cliff. Having landed safely on a ledge, Kiara offers to help Zira, who is struggling to hang on. However, Zira, consumed by her resentment towards Simba, falls to her death. Simba finally approves of Kiara's love for Kovu and reconciles with his daughter, and accepts the two lions as future king and queen of the Pride Lands.[40]

text: The Lion King 1½[edit]

text: In The Lion King 1½, a direct-to-video followup released in 2004, Simba appears as a less prominent character because the film's primary focus is on Timon and Pumbaa's behind-the-scenes role and involvement in The Lion King,[41][42] in which they appear as supporting characters. Although the two films technically share the same story and timeline, the plot of The Lion King 1½ focuses more on Timon and Pumbaa. The meerkat and warthog unknowingly coexist alongside Simba, and the story fills in the two characters' backstories and events that led up to their long-lasting friendship, coinciding with and often initiating the events that affect Simba's life during the first film. These events include the commemorative bow that occurs during the opening "Circle of Life" musical number and the collapsing of the animal tower that takes place during "I Just Can't Wait to Be King."[43] The film also explores, in further detail, the relationship among the three characters as Timon and Pumbaa struggle to raise Simba as adoptive "parents" and disapprove of his relationship with Nala, portraying Simba as he grows from an energetic young lion cub, into an incorrigible teenager and, finally, an independent young lion.[44]

text: The Lion King (2019)[edit]

text: In mid-February 2017, Donald Glover was cast as adult Simba.[45] On November 1, 2017, J.D. McCrary was cast as young Simba.[46]

text: Timon & Pumbaa and television[edit]

text: The success of The Lion King and popularity of its characters led to the production of Timon & Pumbaa, an animated television series starring Timon and Pumbaa. Simba makes several appearances, including one episode in which Timon drags him out to try to revive Pumbaa's lost memory.

text: In the episode "Congo On Like This," Timon and Pumbaa (especially Timon) suspect that Simba has reverted to his carnivorous nature. The episode "Shake Your Djibouti" again features Simba, when Timon and Pumbaa are forced to train him to protect them from a laboratory monster. Another episode, entitled "Rome Alone," shows Simba being captured by Romans and forced into gladiatorial battle with another lion named Claudius. Simba makes brief appearances in "Once Upon a Timon", "Zazu's Off-By-One Day", and "Beethoven's Whiff". He also appears in a music video of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight".

text: Simba was featured as a guest in the animated series House of Mouse, in which he alternates between cub and adult.

text: The Lion Guard[edit]

text: In November 2015, a new series called The Lion Guard was released. Set within the time gap in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride,[47] it features Kion who is the son and youngest child of Simba and Nala, who as the second-born cub, is tasked with assembling a team to protect the Pride Lands.[48]

text: Broadway musical[edit]

text: The success of The Lion King led to the production of a Broadway musical based on the film. Directed by Julie Taymor, with a book by Irene Mecchi and Roger Allers, The Lion King premiered at the New Amsterdam Theatre on November 13, 1997, where it ran for nine years until being moved to the Minskoff Theatre on June 13, 2006.[49] The role of Simba was originated by Scott Irby-Ranniar and Jason Raize, with Irby-Ranniar portraying Young Simba and Raize portraying Adult Simba.[50]

text: Raize auditioned for the role of Adult Simba after hearing that Taymor was looking to cast an actor who was of "unidentifiable ethnicity."[51] Raize revealed in an interview that there was a lot of competition for the role because the musical required "triple-threat work -- singing, dancing and acting -- that you don't get to such an extent in other shows. It was more the sense of who can take the challenge and not be daunted by the task." Raize, who instantly felt that he "had a connection with Simba," eventually won the role with the approval of Taymor and choreographer Garth Fagan,[52] with Fagan admiring the fact that Raize was "willing to try, to fail, and then to try again."[8] Once cast, Raize found it difficult to maintain Taymor's "sense of duality" because Simba is "both man and beast." He said, "The tendency is to sacrifice one for the other, but you can't."[53] Although hundreds of children auditioned for the role of Young Simba,[54] the casting process was far less grueling for Irby-Ranniar who, according to Taymor, simply "walked in and he had the part."[55]

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text: Books[edit]

text: In 1994, a six-volume book set titled The Lion King: Six New Adventures were released. Set after the events of the first film, they featured a cub named Kopa, who was the son of Simba and Nala.

text: Merchandising and video games[edit]

text: As part of the franchise's merchandising, Simba has appeared in various The Lion King-related products.[56] The character's likeness has been used in and adapted into a variety of items, including plush toys and figurines, clothing, bedding, household decor and appliances.[57] The success of the Broadway musical has also led to its own line of merchandising,[58] including the Simba beanbag doll, based on the character's appearance and costume in the Broadway show.[59][60]

text: Since the film's 1994 debut, Simba has appeared as a playable character in a variety of video game releases, both directly and indirectly associated with the franchise. The character's first appearance as a video game character was in The Lion King, which was released by Virgin Interactive on November 1, 1994, for the video game platforms Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Game Gear, Nintendo Entertainment System and PC.[61] The game follows the plot of the original film and features Simba as both a cub and an adult.[62]

text: On December 28, 2000,[63] Activision released The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure for Game Boy Color and PlayStation.[64] The game encompasses 10 levels and incorporates the plot of both The Lion King and The Lion King II: Simba's Pride as "Simba ... matures from a precocious cub to an adult lion."[65] Simba also appears as a playable character in Disney Interactive Studios' Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure, released on September 3, 2003, for Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, GameCube and Xbox,[66] and Disney Friends , released for Nintendo DS on February 26, 2008.[67] Additionally, Simba appears in the Square Enix Kingdom Hearts video game franchise as a friend and ally of the series' main character, Sora.[68][69][70][71][72]

text: Walt Disney Parks and Resorts[edit]

text: Live versions of Simba appear in the Lion King musical and in the parades and shows at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.

text: Simba was also the main character in "Legend of the Lion King," a former Fantasyland attraction in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, which retold the story of the film using fully articulated puppets. Other Disney attractions that have featured Simba include the Mickey's PhilharMagic 3D show and the Hong Kong Disneyland version of It's a Small World.

text: He appears as one of the main characters at Epcot's Land Pavilion 12-minute edutainment film Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable.

text: Reception and legacy[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Although The Lion King itself has garnered universal acclaim from film critics,[73] reception towards Simba has been generally mixed. The Christian Science Monitor's David Sterritt hailed Simba as "a superbly realized character," specifically praising the scene in which the character "faces discipline by his dad after his adventure with the hyenas."[74] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that Simba "has been given a marvelously expressive face" to the point of which "He seems more human than the Ken and Barbie types featured in Aladdin and The Little Mermaid."[75] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone described "the father-son relationship" shared by Simba and Mufasa as "movingly rendered,"[76] while About.com's David Nusair wrote, "it’s the touching father/son stuff that lies at the heart of the movie that cements The Lion King's place as an utterly timeless piece of work."[77] James Berardinelli of ReelViews enjoyed the fact that the film focuses more on the story of Simba himself as opposed to the romantic relationship developing between the character and Nala. However, Berardinelli criticized Matthew Broderick's vocal performance, describing it as "nondescript."[78] Rob Humanick of Slant Magazine hailed the fact that "it's never laid on [Simba] that his time as king will directly correspond with the eventual passing of his father" as one of the film's "most important facets." However, he criticized The Lion King's characters, describing them as well-designed but "lazy and troublesome."[79] The Austin Chronicle's Robert Faires felt that Simba and the other Lion King characters, though "true", were simply unoriginal retreads of preceding animated characters who were "swiped from other Disney cartoons."[80]

text: Hal Hinson of The Washington Post gave the character a negative review. Labeling Timon and Pumbaa the only interesting characters in The Lion King, Hinson questioned Simba's role as the film's hero.[81] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times agreed, "A movie's heroes may have their names above the title, but often as not it's the sidekicks who get the real work done." Turan went on to pan Simba, describing him as "irritatingly callow."[82] Chris Hick of the Deseret News complained about the fact that Simba and the other "characters in The Lion King are not as warm and fuzzy as other Disney animated features," crediting this with making "the film a bit tougher to warm [up] to."[83] ComingSoon.net strongly panned Simba as a lead character, writing, "typically for Disney animated fare, it's the hero who is the weak link being both blandly designed and blandly performed."[84] Acknowledging the character's Shakespearean origins, The Baltimore Sun's Stephen Hunter gave Simba a negative review, writing, "Alas ...Simba stands in for Hamlet, but he's a lot less complicated; in fact, he's less complicated than Morris the Cat or Sylvester." Hunter continued, "Simba the Exile is even less interesting than Simba the Prince."[85] Christopher Null of Contactmusic.com was critical of Weaver's performance as the singing voice of Young Simba, writing, "If there's anything annoying about the film, it's the singing. Young Simba sounds like a young Michael Jackson ... You almost don't want him to succeed." However, Null reacted more positively towards Broderick's performance.[86]

text: Despite the character's mixed reception, several critics have awarded specific praise to Broderick for his portrayal of Simba, including the San Francisco Chronicle's Peter Stack and The Washington Post's Desson Howe.[87][88] Annette Basile of Filmink described Broderick's performance as "excellent,"[89] while Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called it "sumptuous." Digital Spy's Mayer Nissim described Broderick's portrayal of Simba as "wonderful."[90]

text: Impact and popularity[edit]

text: During the film's opening number, "Circle of Life", Rafiki introduces a newborn Simba to the crowd of animals gathered at the foot of Pride Rock by holding him high above their heads while parents Mufasa and Sarabi look on.[9] Since the film's 1994 release, this scene has grown to iconic status.[91] In November 2002, singer Michael Jackson sparked controversy by holding his son over the protective railing of a hotel balcony in Berlin. The event was witnessed by a large crowd of spectators who were watching from below.[92] Some sources have claimed that Jackson was harmlessly attempting to emulate the scene from The Lion King.[93]

text: When Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge went into labor with hers and Prince William's baby in July 2013, the idea that the couple should reenact the famous scene from The Lion King became quite popular among Twitter users.[94][95] Radio journalist Darren Simpson reportedly tweeted, "when your baby arrives please re-enact the scene from the Lion King".[96] Shortly after Middleton gave birth to a boy, England native Tommy Peto initiated a petition asking the couple to welcome their baby by having the Archbishop of Canterbury emulate the scene by holding him over the balcony of Buckingham Palace. Ultimately, the idea was deemed "outside the responsibility of the government" and was declined.[97]

text: The scene has found itself the subject of both reference and parody in various forms of media, such as in the film George of the Jungle (1997).[98] In what is almost an exact replica of the scene, George, portrayed by actor Brendan Fraser, takes the place of both Rafiki and Mufasa by standing at the tip of Pride Rock and presenting his young son to a crowd of onlooking animals, accompanied by wife Ursula, portrayed by Leslie Mann.[99]

text: During the third season finale of Once Upon a Time, the main character Emma Swan asked her parents Snow White and David Nolan if they were going to hold up her yet unnamed baby brother like in The Lion King.[100] Since the release of The Lion King in 1994, the name "Simba" has increased in use and popularity among dog and cat owners. According to Comcast in 2010, the use of Simba as a dog name reemerged in popularity in 2009 after experiencing a noticeable decline in 2001, ranking the name ninth out of 10 on its list of "Top 10 Trendiest Dog Names of the Year."[101] In May 2013, Yahoo! Lifestyle included the name on its list of "Trendiest Dog Names."[102] According to YouPet, Simba is the 17th most popular cat name out of 100 candidates.[103] Care2 included Simba in its article "All-around Cool Cat Names,"[104] while DutchNews.nl reported that Simba ranks among the country's most popular cat names as of July 2013.[105] In its list of "Top Popular Pet Names," BabyNames.com placed Simba at number 64 on its list of most popular dog names out of the 100 that were considered.[106]


document_title: List of deserts by area

question_text: where is the world's largest desert located

question_tokens: where is the world 's largest desert located

text: List of deserts by area

text: This is the list of the largest deserts in the world by area. It includes all deserts above 20,000 square kilometres (7,720 sq mi).

text:
Rank
Name
Type
Image
Area
(km²)
Area
(sq mi)
Location

1
Antarctica
Cold Winter

14,000,000 14,000,000
05,400,000 5,500,000
Antarctica

2
Arctic
Cold Winter

13,985,000
5,400,000
Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia

3
Sahara
Subtropical

12,000,000 9,000,000+
03,300,000 3,300,000+
North Africa (Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara)

4
Arabian Desert
Subtropical

02,330,000 2,330,000[1]
00,900,000 900,000
Western Asia (Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen)

5
Gobi Desert
Cold Winter

01,300,000 1,000,000
00,500,000 500,000
Central Asia (Mongolia and China)

6
Kalahari Desert
Subtropical

00,900,000 900,000[2]
00,360,000 360,000
Southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa)

7
Great Victoria Desert
Subtropical

00,647,000 647,000[3]
00,250,000 220,000
Australia

8
Patagonian Desert
Cold Winter

00,673,000 620,000
00,260,000 200,000
South America (Argentina and Chile)

9
Syrian Desert
Subtropical

00,520,000 520,000[3]
00,200,000 200,000
Western Asia (Iraq, Jordan, and Syria)

10
Great Basin Desert
Cold Winter

00,492,000 492,000[3]
00,190,000 190,000
United States

11
Chihuahuan Desert
Subtropical

00,450,000 450,000[3]
00,175,000 175,000
North America (Mexico and United States)

12
Great Sandy Desert
Subtropical

00,400,000 400,000[3]
00,150,000 150,000
Australia

13
Karakum Desert
Cold Winter

00,350,000 350,000[3]
00,135,000 135,000
Turkmenistan

14
Colorado Plateau
Cold Winter

00,337,000 337,000[3]
00,130,000 130,000
United States

15
Sonoran Desert
Subtropical

00,310,000 310,000[3]
00,120,000 120,000
North America (Mexico and United States)

16
Kyzylkum Desert
Cold Winter

00,300,000 300,000[3]
00,115,000 115,000
Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)

17
Taklamakan Desert
Cold Winter

00,270,000 270,000
00,105,000 105,000
China

18
Thar Desert
Subtropical

00,200,000 200,000[4]
00,077,000 77,000
South Asia (India, Pakistan)

19
Gibson Desert
Subtropical

00,155,000 156,000[5]
00,060,000 60,000
Australia

20
Dasht-e Margo
Subtropical

00,150,000 150,000
00,058,000 58,000
Afghanistan

21
Registan Desert
Subtropical

00,146,000 146,000
00,056,400 56,400
Afghanistan

22
Simpson Desert
Subtropical

00,145,000 145,000[3]
00,056,000 56,000
Australia

23
Atacama Desert
Cool Coastal

00,140,000 140,000[3]
00,054,000 54,000
South America (Chile and Peru)

24
Mojave Desert
Subtropical

00,124,000 124,000[6][7]
Template:Formtnum:00048000 48,000
United States

25
Namib Desert
Cool Coastal

00,081,000 81,000[3]
00,031,000 31,000
Southern Africa (Angola and Namibia)

26
Dasht-e Kavir
Subtropical

00,077,000 77,000[8]
00,030,000 30,000
Iran

27
Dasht-e Loot
Subtropical

00,052,000 52,000[8]
00,020,000 20,100
Iran

tag: table


document_title: O Brother, Where Art Thou?

question_text: who plays the devil in o brother where art thou

text: O Brother, Where Art Thou?

text: Plot[edit]

text: Three convicts, Ulysses Everett McGill, Pete Hogwallop, and Delmar O'Donnell, escape from a chain gang and set out to retrieve a supposed treasure Everett buried before the area is flooded to make a lake. The three get a lift from a blind man driving a handcar on a railway. He tells them, among other prophecies, that they will find a fortune but not the one they seek. The trio make their way to the house of Wash, Pete's cousin. They sleep in the barn, but Wash reports them to Sheriff Cooley, who, along with his men, torches the barn. Wash's son helps them escape.

text: Pete and Delmar are baptized by a group of Christians at a river. The group then picks up Tommy Johnson, a young black man, who claims he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for the ability to play guitar. In need of money, the four stop at a radio broadcast tower where they record a song as The Soggy Bottom Boys. That night, the trio part ways with Tommy after their car is discovered by the police. Unbeknownst to them, the recording becomes a major hit.

text: The trio inadvertently fall in with bank robber Baby Face Nelson, and help with him with a heist, before he leaves them with his share of the loot. The next day, the group hears singing. They see three women washing clothes in a river and singing. The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness. Upon waking, Delmar finds Pete's clothes lying next to him, empty except for a toad. Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad. Later, one-eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch, then mugs them and kills the toad.

text: Everett and Delmar arrive in Everett's home town. Everett confronts his wife Penny, who changed her last name and told his daughters he was dead. He gets into a fight with Vernon T. Waldrip, her new "suitor." They later see Pete working on a chain gang. Later that night, they sneak into Pete's holding cell and free him. As it turns out, the women had dragged Pete away and turned him in to the authorities. Under torture, Pete gave away the treasure's location to the police. Everett then confesses that there is no treasure. He made it up to convince the guys he was chained with to escape with him in order to stop his wife from getting married. Pete is enraged at Everett, because he had two weeks left on his original sentence, and must serve fifty more years for the escape.

text: The trio stumble upon a rally of the Ku Klux Klan, who are planning to hang Tommy. The trio disguise themselves as Klansmen and attempt to rescue Tommy. However, Big Dan, a Klan member, reveals their identities. Chaos ensues, and the Grand Wizard reveals himself as Homer Stokes, a candidate in the upcoming gubernatorial election. The trio rush Tommy away and cut the supports of a large burning cross, leaving it to fall on Big Dan.

text: Everett convinces Pete, Delmar and Tommy to help him win his wife back. They sneak into a Stokes campaign gala dinner she is attending, disguised as musicians. The group begins a performance of their radio hit. The crowd recognizes the song and goes wild. Homer recognizes them as the group who humiliated his mob. When he demands the group be arrested and reveals his white supremacist views, the crowd runs him out of town on a rail. Pappy O'Daniel, the incumbent candidate, seizes the opportunity, endorses the Soggy Bottom Boys and grants them full pardons. Penny agrees to marry Everett with the condition that he find her original ring.

text: The next morning, the group sets out to retrieve the ring, which is at a cabin in the valley which Everett had earlier claimed was the location of his treasure. The police, having learned of the place from Pete, arrest the group. Dismissing their claims of having received pardons, Sheriff Cooley orders them hanged. Just as Everett prays to God, the valley is flooded and they are saved. Tommy finds the ring in a desk that floats by, and they return to town. However, when Everett presents the ring to Penny, it turns out it was not her ring, she doesn't want that one, and she can't remember where she put the real ring.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
George Clooney as Ulysses Everett McGill, a man who is imprisoned for practicing law without a license. He claims to have escaped from prison so he can find a stash of money he had hidden, though in reality it is so he can get back to his family before his wife remarries. He corresponds to Odysseus (Ulysses) in the Odyssey.[10]
John Turturro as Pete Hogwallop, a fellow criminal who reveals little about his past. He believes in being true to one's kin, even when his cousin Washington B. Hogwallop betrays him. He dreams of moving out west and opening a fine restaurant, where he will be the maître d'. He agreed to go along with the breakout, though he only had two weeks left on his sentence.
Tim Blake Nelson as Delmar O'Donnell, a small-time crook imprisoned for robbing a Piggly Wiggly in Yazoo City; he initially claims innocence but later admits he is guilty. Delmar says he will spend his share of Everett's nonexistent money buying back his family farm, believing, "You ain't no kind of man if you ain't got land."
Chris Thomas King as Tommy Johnson, a skilled blues musician. He is the accompanying guitarist in the Soggy Bottom Boys. He claims he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for his skill on the guitar. He shares his name and story with Tommy Johnson, a blues musician with a mysterious past, who is said to have sold his soul to the devil at the Crossroads (a story more often attributed to Robert Johnson).[11][12]
Frank Collison as Washington B. "Wash" Hogwallop, Pete's paternal cousin. He removes the escapees' chains but later betrays the men to the police.
John Goodman as Daniel "Big Dan" Teague, a one-eyed man who masquerades as a Bible salesman and mugs Everett and Delmar. He later reveals the identity of the trio when they are disguised at a Ku Klux Klan rally, but they kill him by cutting loose a burning cross, which falls on him and the Klansmen. He corresponds to the cyclops Polyphemus in the Odyssey.[10]
Holly Hunter as Penny, Everett's ex-wife, who is fed up with Everett's wheeling and dealing. She divorces him while he is in prison, telling their children he was hit by a Louisville & Nashville train. She is engaged to Vernon T. Waldrip until Everett wins her back. She corresponds to Penelope in the Odyssey.[10] (Penelope is an icon of the faithful wife, as she rejected her many suitors, stalling for time while awaiting Odysseus' return.)
Charles Durning as Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, the incumbent Governor of Mississippi. He is frequently seen berating his son and his campaign managers, who are depicted as simpletons. The character is based on Texas governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel.[13] (Flensted-Jensen elaborates on the connection between the fictional and the real Pappy O'Daniel.) He shares a name with Menelaus, an Odyssey character, but corresponds with Zeus from the narrative.[10]
Daniel von Bargen as Sheriff Cooley, a ruthless rural sheriff who, with his bloodhound, pursues the trio for the duration of the film. It is implied several times that he is the devil incarnate, and Cooley fits Tommy Johnson's description of Satan: Cooley's sunglasses evoke Satan's "big empty eyes." He eventually ambushes the escapees after they have been pardoned by the governor. He intends to hang them nonetheless, but when the valley is flooded, he, his men, and his dog all drown. He corresponds to Poseidon in the Odyssey.[10] He has been compared to Boss Godfrey in Cool Hand Luke.[14]
Wayne Duvall as Homer Stokes, the reform candidate in the upcoming election for Governor. He travels the countryside with a dwarf, who depicts the "little man", and a broom, with which he promises to "sweep this state clean." He is secretly an Imperial Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan. He falsely identifies Everett, Pete, and Delmar as people of color because they darkened their faces to remain unseen when freeing Tommy.
Ray McKinnon as Vernon T. Waldrip, Penny's bona fide suitor and the manager of Homer Stokes's election campaign. It has been suggested that his name is a nod to novelist Howard Waldrop, whose novella A Dozen Tough Jobs is one of the inspirations for the film.[15] He corresponds to the Suitors of Penelope in the Odyssey.[10]
Michael Badalucco as George Nelson, a bipolar bank robber who dislikes being called "Baby Face." The real George Nelson died in 1934, three years before the story is set. Nelson died in a shootout known as the Battle of Barrington rather than by electric chair, as suggested in the film.
Stephen Root as Mr. Lund, the blind radio station manager who records Everett's story in the song "Man of Constant Sorrow" and makes him known throughout the state. He corresponds to Homer.[10]
Lee Weaver as the Blind Seer, a mysterious railroad man who accurately predicts the outcome of the trio's adventure as well as several other incidents. He corresponds to Tiresias in the Odyssey.[10]

text: Production[edit]

text: The idea of O Brother, Where Art Thou? arose spontaneously. Work on the script began in December 1997, long before the start of production, and was at least half-written by May 1998. Despite the fact that Ethan Coen described the Odyssey as "one of my favorite storyline schemes," neither of the brothers had read the epic and were only familiar with its content through adaptations and numerous references to the Odyssey in popular culture.[16] According to the brothers, Nelson (who has a degree in classics from Brown University)[17][18] was the only person on the set who had read the Odyssey.[19]

text: The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 Preston Sturges film Sullivan's Travels, in which the protagonist (a director) wants to direct a film about the Great Depression called O Brother, Where Art Thou?[5] that will be a "commentary on modern conditions, stark realism, and the problems that confront the average man." Lacking any experience in this area, the director sets out on a journey to experience the human suffering of the average man but is sabotaged by his anxious studio. The film has some similarity in tone to Sturges's film, including scenes with prison gangs and a black church choir. The prisoners at the picture show scene is also a direct homage to a nearly identical scene in Sturges's film.[20]

text: Joel Coen revealed in a 2000 interview that he came to Phoenix, Arizona, to offer the lead role to Clooney. Clooney agreed to do the role immediately, without reading the script. He stated that he liked even the Coens' least successful films.[21] Clooney did not immediately understand his character and sent the script to his uncle Jack who lived in Kentucky and asked him to read the entire script into a tape recorder.[22] Unknown to Clooney, in his recording, Jack, a devout Baptist, omitted all instances of the words "damn" and "hell" from the Coens' script, which only became known to Clooney after the directors pointed this out to him in the middle of shooting.[22]

text: This was the fourth film of the brothers in which John Turturro has starred. Other actors in O Brother, Where Art Thou? who had worked previously with the Coens include John Goodman (three films), Holly Hunter (two), Michael Badalucco and Charles Durning (one film each).

text: The Coens used digital color correction to give the film a sepia-tinted look.[8] Joel stated this was because the actual set was "greener than Ireland." [22] Cinematographer Roger Deakins stated, "Ethan and Joel favored a dry, dusty Delta look with golden sunsets. They wanted it to look like an old hand-tinted picture, with the intensity of colors dictated by the scene and natural skin tones that were all shades of the rainbow."[23] Initially the crew tried to perform the color correction using a physical process, however after several tries with various chemical processes proved unsatisfactory, it became necessary to perform the process digitally.[22]

text: This was the fifth film collaboration between the Coen Brothers and Deakins, and it was slated to be shot in Mississippi at a time of year when the foliage, grass, trees, and bushes would be a lush green.[23] It was filmed near locations in Canton, Mississippi and Florence, South Carolina in the summer of 1999.[24] After shooting tests, including film bipack and bleach bypass techniques, Deakins suggested digital mastering be used.[23] Deakins subsequently spent 11 weeks fine-tuning the look, mainly targeting the greens, making them a burnt yellow and desaturating the overall image in the digital files.[8] This made it the first feature film to be entirely color corrected by digital means, narrowly beating Nick Park's Chicken Run.[8]

text: O Brother, Where Art Thou? was the first time a digital intermediate was used on the entirety of a first-run Hollywood film that otherwise had very few visual effects. The work was done in Los Angeles by Cinesite using a Spirit DataCine for scanning at 2K resolution, a Pandora MegaDef to adjust the color, and a Kodak Lightning II recorder to put out to film.[25]

text: A major theme of the film is the connection between old-time music and political campaigning in the Southern U.S. It makes reference to the traditions, institutions, and campaign practices of bossism and political reform that defined Southern politics in the first half of the 20th century.

text: The Ku Klux Klan, at the time a political force of white populism, is depicted burning crosses and engaging in ceremonial dance. The character Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, the governor of Mississippi and host of the radio show The Flour Hour, is similar in name and demeanor to W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel,[26] one-time Governor of Texas and later U.S. Senator from that state.[27] W. Lee O'Daniel was in the flour business, and used a backing band called the Light Crust Doughboys on his radio show.[28] In one campaign, W. Lee O'Daniel carried a broom,[29] an oft-used campaign device in the reform era, promising to sweep away patronage and corruption.[29] His theme song had the hook, "Please pass the biscuits, Pappy", emphasizing his connection with flour.[28]

text: While the film borrows from real-life politics, differences are obvious between the characters in the film and historical political figures. The O'Daniel of the movie used "You Are My Sunshine" as his theme song (which was originally recorded by real-life Governor of Louisiana James Houston "Jimmie" Davis[30]) and Homer Stokes, as the challenger to the incumbent O'Daniel, portrays himself as the "reform candidate", using a broom as a prop.

text: Music[edit]

text: Music in the film was originally conceived as a major component of the film, not merely as a background or a support. Producer and musician T-Bone Burnett worked with the Coens while the script was still in its working phases, and the soundtrack was recorded before filming commenced.[31]

text: Much of the music used in the film is period-specific folk music,[6] including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley.[7] The musical selection also includes religious music, including Primitive Baptist and traditional African American gospel, most notably The Fairfield Four, an a cappella quartet with a career extending back to 1921 who appear in the soundtrack and as gravediggers towards the film's end. Selected songs in the film reflect the possible spectrum of musical styles typical of the old culture of the American South: gospel, delta blues, country, swing and bluegrass.[32][33]

text: The use of dirges and other macabre songs is a theme that often recurs in Appalachian music[34] ("O Death", "Lonesome Valley", "Angel Band", "I Am Weary") in contrast to bright, cheerful songs ("Keep On the Sunny Side", "In the Highways") in other parts of the film.

text: The voices of the Soggy Bottom Boys were provided by Dan Tyminski (lead vocal on "Man of Constant Sorrow"), Nashville songwriter Harley Allen, and the Nashville Bluegrass Band's Pat Enright.[35] The three won a CMA Award for Single of the Year[35] and a Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, both for the song "Man of Constant Sorrow".[9] Tim Blake Nelson sang the lead vocal on "In the Jailhouse Now".[5]

text: "Man of Constant Sorrow" has five variations: two are used in the film, one in the music video, and two in the soundtrack album. Two of the variations feature the verses being sung back-to-back, and the other three variations feature additional music between each verse.[36] Though the song received little significant radio airplay,[37] it reached #35 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 2002.[38] The version of "I'll Fly Away" heard in the film is performed not by Krauss and Welch (as it is on the CD and concert tour), but by the Kossoy Sisters with Erik Darling accompanying on long-neck five-string banjo, recorded in 1956 for the album Bowling Green on Tradition Records.[39]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered at the AFI Film Festival on October 19, 2000.[1] It grossed $71,868,327 worldwide[3] off its $26 million budget.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives it a score of 77% based on 147 reviews and an average score of 7.1/10. The consensus reads: "Though not as good as Coen brothers' classics such as Blood Simple, the delightfully loopy O Brother, Where Art Thou? is still a lot of fun."[40] The film holds an average score of 69/100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews.[41]

text: Roger Ebert gave two and a half out of four stars to the film, saying all the scenes in the film were "wonderful in their different ways, and yet I left the movie uncertain and unsatisfied".[42]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was selected into the main competition of the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.[43]

text: The film also received two Academy Award nominations at the 73rd Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Cinematography. Cinematographer Roger Deakins was recognized with both Academy Award and ASC Outstanding Achievement Award nominations for his work on the film.[23]

text: For his portrayal of Ulysses Everett McGill, George Clooney received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The film was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.

text: Soggy Bottom Boys[edit]

text: The Soggy Bottom Boys is the musical group that the main characters form to serve as accompaniment for the film. The name is in homage to the Foggy Mountain Boys, a bluegrass band led by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs.[44] In the film, the songs credited to the band are lip-synched by the actors, except that Tim Blake Nelson does sing his own vocals on "In the Jailhouse Now." The actual musicians are Dan Tyminski (guitar and lead vocals), Harley Allen, and Pat Enright.[45][46] The band's hit single is Dick Burnett's "Man of Constant Sorrow," a song that had enjoyed much success prior to the movie's release.[47] After the film's release, the fictitious band became so popular that the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film got together and performed the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD.[6] This included Ralph Stanley, John Hartford, Alison Krauss, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Chris Sharp, and others.


document_title: Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)

question_text: who does sabrina end up with in sabrina the teenage witch

text: History and production[edit]

text: The unofficial pilot of the series was the 1996 TV movie Sabrina the Teenage Witch in April.[5] The movie, produced by Viacom and Hartbreak Films and aired on Showtime, starred Melissa Joan Hart as the title character, Sabrina Sawyer, and Charlene Fernetz and Sherry Miller as Sabrina's aunts Zelda and Hilda, respectively. When the television series debuted on ABC later that year, Hart became Sabrina Spellman, and Caroline Rhea and Beth Broderick replaced Fernetz and Miller. In 2000, the show was dropped by ABC and picked up by The WB. When viewership began to wane, the show was canceled after seven seasons.[6]

text: The television series was produced by Hartbreak Films and Viacom Productions with Finishing the Hat Productions being there for season 1 only. Later it was syndicated through Paramount Domestic Television on reruns. Paramount Network Television absorbed Viacom Productions in 2004, and two years later, Paramount's TV operations were renamed to CBS Paramount Television (now CBS Television Studios), whose name is seen on the season 1, 2, and 3 DVDs. Then in 2007, the syndication arm was renamed from CBS Paramount Domestic Television to CBS Television Distribution, whose name is on the season 4, 5, 6, and 7 DVDs. The official copyright holder for the series (as with all series originally produced by Viacom Productions) is CBS Studios Productions, LLC.

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: The opening titles of the first three seasons shows Sabrina in front of a mirror posing with four different costumes and outfits as the cast members' names quickly flash on the bottom of the screen. The first three outfits are always the same, but the fourth one changes from episode to episode. At the end, Sabrina would say something that is related to the last costume (often a pun or a joke related to the costume or the content of the episode), and then magically disappear from head on down.

text: The opening sequence for the fourth season is completely redone, featuring a completely new theme and the show's main characters, starting with Sabrina, floating in bubbles while their names are displayed in gold letters and a voice chants "Secret" in the background.

text: The opening credits for the final three seasons are accompanied by a new vocal theme song and feature Sabrina at various locations around Boston: Harvard Bridge, Boston Common, Union Oyster House, Massachusetts State House, Quincy Market, Newbury Street, Harvard University, Tufts University, and Beacon Hill. In the credits of seasons five and six, after leaving Newbury Comics on Newbury Street, Sabrina walks down a flight of stairs and computer graphics morph Sabrina into her room, lying on her bed next to Salem. In the final season, however, the computer graphics morph Sabrina arriving at Scorch. Upon pushing the door open, she is revealed to be walking into her house to greet Roxie, Morgan, and Salem.

text: The actual house photographed and filmed to depict Spellman Manor is a Victorian mansion located at 64 E. Main St. in Freehold, New Jersey.[7] The exteriors for Westbridge High School, which Sabrina attended, were Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey.

text: Departures[edit]

text: The show went through many cast changes, the first major change being the unexplained departure of Sabrina's best friend Jenny Kelly (Michelle Beaudoin) at the end of the first season.

text: At the beginning of the fourth season, Valerie departs the show permanently along with Libby. Valerie's character moves away to Alaska with her family, while Libby transfers to a boarding school.

text: When the series finished its fourth season, several secondary characters left the show, including Martin Mull and Nate Richert. Richert, who played Sabrina's boyfriend Harvey since the first season, was cut in order to give the show a more "grown-up look" as Sabrina was about to attend college. The decision was later rescinded, and Richert appeared in three episodes of season five and then returned as a series regular in season six and seven.

text: After the series' sixth season, Caroline Rhea and Beth Broderick, who portrayed Sabrina's aunts from the show's premiere, decided to leave the show. When the character of Sabrina started to attend college, the role of her aunts became less important. Broderick felt that the role of Zelda had nothing more to offer, while Rhea landed her own syndicated talk show, The Caroline Rhea Show.

text: Trevor Lissauer, who played Sabrina's housemate Miles, left the show after appearing in seasons five and six. Producers felt that his character wasn't well received by fans and also had to make some budget cuts for the show's seventh and final season. Miles was never properly written out, leaving open what really happened to him.

text: Sabrina's love interest Josh, played by David Lascher, left for Prague after appearing from season four to six. Lascher reportedly wanted to pursue other projects. In order to fill the void, producers brought in Aaron, played by Dylan Neal, as Sabrina's love interest in the show's final season.

text: Plot and premise[edit]

text: The show chronicles the adventures of Sabrina Spellman (played by Melissa Joan Hart), a girl who discovers on her sixteenth birthday that she is a witch. As a novice witch, her spells often go awry. Her aunts Hilda and Zelda Spellman (played by Caroline Rhea and Beth Broderick, respectively, until 2002) counsel her on the proper use of her magic and give her moral advice. Additionally, Hilda and Zelda must take care of Salem Saberhagen (voiced by Nick Bakay), a witch turned into a cat for trying to take over the world. Sabrina's basic premise and "genial loopiness" earned the show comparisons to the 1960s television series Bewitched.[8][9][10]

text: The show included contemporary pop cultural references, with Sabrina often saying she liked Britney Spears and No Doubt. It also mentioned human history alongside witches, such as the Salem witch hunt, which Zelda tells Sabrina was not a hunt for real witches. Hilda mentions to Sabrina in Episode 1 that "For two months a bunny ruled all of England" causing the witches council to turn back time, as if to say mortals are ignorant at the most. One episode also suggests that Jerry Springer is a witch when he hosts The Jerry Springer Show in the other realm.

text: Whereas the comic book series was set in the fictional Greendale, the TV show was set in fictional Boston suburb of Westbridge, Massachusetts. The Spellmans' house is located at 133 Collins Road.[11]

text: Ultimately, the show covered a span of seven years over seven seasons, though each season was not a year.[12]

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Season 1 (1996–1997)[edit]

text: The pilot episode opens with Sabrina asleep on her 16th birthday, levitating above her bed. In the morning, her aunts reveal to her that she is a witch, but Sabrina does not believe them until she has a magical talk with her father from inside a book, where her father reveals that he is a witch and her mother is mortal. It is also revealed that Sabrina cannot see her mother, who is in Peru for two years, or her mother will be transformed into a ball of wax. After a rough day at school, Sabrina accidentally turns Libby Chesler, the most popular girl in school, into a pineapple. Fearing that she will appear "weird" to her crush, Harvey Kinkle, Sabrina asks the Witches Council to let her relive that day. The first season follows Sabrina as she tries to keep the balance between being a teenager and having magical powers. Sabrina's friend Jenny Kelley and her teacher, Mr. Pool, both exit the series without explanation after this season.

text: Season 2 (1997–1998)[edit]

text: At the beginning of the second season, Sabrina turns seventeen and learns that she must earn her witch's license or otherwise lose her magic. However, she neglects her aunts' warnings to study for the test to obtain the license and consequently fails it. She then has to attend witch boot camp to earn the chance to take a makeup test. She passes the makeup test, but only receives a learner's permit. Her aunts explain that she will be able to earn her license when she turns eighteen ("when she can pay for the insurance") and that she will be tested throughout the year by a Quizmaster, a witch whose job is to instruct witches earning their licenses. Also introduced during the second season are Sabrina's neurotic friend Valerie and the new school vice principal Mr. Kraft, who finds Sabrina to be very odd and has a crush on Hilda.

text: Season 3 (1998–1999)[edit]

text: At the beginning of the third season, Sabrina earns her license, but then learns that in order to use her license, she must solve her family's secret. Throughout the season, family members visit her and provide clues. At the end of the season, she solves the family secret ("Every member of the Spellman family is born with a twin"). Both Valerie and Libby exit the series after the end of the third season.

text: Season 4 (1999–2000)[edit]

text: At the beginning of the fourth season, Sabrina is assigned to be a mentor, which is like a Quizmaster, except "Quizmasters get paid".[13] Sabrina's charge is Dreama, a witch newly immigrated from the Other Realm. A new student, Brad Alcero, transfers to Sabrina's school. Because Brad has a witch-hunter gene (which allows him to turn a witch into a mouse if the witch reveals his/her magic), Sabrina must keep herself and Dreama from using magic in front of Brad. Also, Sabrina begins working at Bean There, Brewed That, a coffee shop, where she meets and is attracted to Josh (played by David Lascher), a college student who is the manager of the shop, which leads to her kissing him and thus cheating on Harvey, who ends their relationship, but they soon get back together. Both Dreama and Brad are written out of the series without explanation over the course of the season. At the end of the season, Harvey reaches his "spell quota" (meaning that no spells can be used on him anymore) and discovers that Sabrina is a witch, and later breaks up with Sabrina off screen and is written out of the show prior to the start of the next season.

text: Season 5 (2000–2001)[edit]

text: At the beginning of the fifth season, Sabrina starts college at Adams College and moves out of her aunts' house and into a house with other students at Adams. Her roommates are Morgan Cavanaugh, a shallow girl (played by Elisa Donovan); Roxie King (played by Soleil Moon Frye), a social feminist; and Miles Goodman (played by Trevor Lissauer), a geek who is obsessed with science fiction and the paranormal. Hilda and Zelda, feeling lonely since Sabrina moved out, find ways to stay close to her. Hilda buys the coffee shop where Sabrina works and Zelda becomes a professor at Adams and starts dating Sabrina's English professor. The season ends with Sabrina and Josh giving into their feelings and sharing a passionate kiss.

text: Season 6 (2001–2002)[edit]

text: At the beginning of the sixth season Josh and Sabrina get together but soon face a tough decision when Josh is tempted to move abroad to work as a photographer. Things are made even more complicated between them when Sabrina's ex-boyfriend from high school, Harvey, reappears, this time dating Sabrina's roommate Morgan. At the end of the sixth season, Sabrina agrees to sacrifice true love in order to save Hilda after the latter literally falls to pieces after Sabrina sabotages her relationship. Hilda recovers and is married, but Sabrina then falls to pieces when Josh, Harvey, and an attractive waiter announce they are all moving away and will never see her again.

text: Season 7 (2002–2003)[edit]

text: At the beginning of the seventh and final season, Sabrina is put back together after her Aunt Zelda sacrifices her adult years to save Sabrina. At this point, Zelda, Hilda, Miles, and Josh are written out of the show and Morgan and Roxie move into Hilda and Zelda's old house. Sabrina gets a job as a writer for the entertainment magazine Scorch, but this storyline and all the associated characters are dropped midway through the season. Sabrina then meets Aaron, the man to whom she becomes engaged. In the series finale Sabrina calls off her wedding with Aaron and runs off with Harvey, her soul mate, at 12:36, which is the time of day they first met and is a plot point in the season one episode As Westbridge Turns. In the last scene of the series, Sabrina and Harvey ride off on his motorcycle to the song ‘Running’ by No Doubt, Sabrina’s favorite band.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Melissa Joan Hart as Sabrina Spellman, a teenager who discovers on her sixteenth birthday that she is a witch and comes from a long line of witches. As she struggles to master her magic, she often wreaks havoc on those around her. Sabrina moved into her college's dormitories at the beginning of the fifth season and then back into her aunts' house after they left for the Other Realm.
Caroline Rhea as Hilda Spellman (seasons 1–6, guest season 7), one of the Spellman sisters. Hilda is the less rational and more impulsive one. After giving up violin in the fourth season (she destroyed her violin with dynamite), Hilda purchased a clock shop. Later, after Sabrina moved out of the house, she purchased Bean There, Brewed That, the coffee shop where Sabrina worked, and renamed it Hilda's Coffee House. After her marriage at the end of the sixth season, she moved away with her husband. Hilda returned for the series finale. Her middle name, 'Sucker', is revealed in season 6, although her middle name was Antoinette in season 2.
Beth Broderick as Zelda Spellman (seasons 1–6), Sabrina's aunt and Hilda's older sister. Zelda, a scientist and college professor, is the more rational of the two Spellman sisters and is often the voice of reason when Hilda or Sabrina uses magic irresponsibly. At the end of the sixth season she gives up her maturity in order for Sabrina to be changed back to flesh and blood after being turned into stone when she lost her true loves. Sabrina advises a now child Zelda to leave for the other realm with a newly married Hilda, ensuring her that she is okay to live on her own. Zelda makes an appearance as a candle in the last episode to allow Sabrina's mother to attend Sabrina's wedding.
Nate Richert as Harvey Kinkle (seasons 1–4 and 6–7, recurring season 5), Sabrina's boyfriend in the first four seasons. He breaks up with her when he finds out she is a witch. Amanda, Sabrina's cousin, tells him about Sabrina getting married and gives him his soul stone. He arrives at the church on his bike as Sabrina is running out. He is revealed to be her soul mate because their soul stones fit together. In the end, Sabrina leaves Aaron at the altar. Then Harvey and Sabrina run off together after they share a final kiss with Sabrina's favorite band, No Doubt, as the closing theme.
Jenna Leigh Green as Libby Chessler (seasons 1–3), Sabrina's arch-enemy while at high school. Libby is a spoiled rich girl and is often at the other end of Sabrina's spells as she learns to use them, leading Libby to often call Sabrina a "Freak" or "Freakster". Libby, a cheerleader, is seen to fancy Sabrina's love interest, Harvey, and makes many attempts to ask him out. Libby was sent to boarding school following the end of season 3.
Michelle Beaudoin as Jenny Kelley (season 1), Sabrina's best friend at high school in the first season. Jenny befriended Sabrina on her first day, and also introduced Sabrina to Harvey. Jenny walked into the closet at the Spellman house and ended up in the Other Realm, where Sabrina and her aunts had to rescue her and make it out as a dream. Jenny left at the end of season 1 and is mentioned in season 2 by Sabrina.
Paul Feig as Mr. Pool (season 1), Sabrina's favorite teacher who teaches Biology during the first season. He was sometimes bitter and sarcastic, but always interesting and usually lively. Mr. Pool is not mentioned after season 1.
Nick Bakay as Salem Saberhagen, a 500-year-old witch turned into a talking cat because of his plans to take over the world. Besides Sabrina herself, he is the only character to remain for the entire seven seasons and in fact appears in every single episode.
Martin Mull as Willard Kraft (seasons 2–4), the head teacher of Westbridge High, Sabrina's high school, and the on/off boyfriend of both Hilda and Zelda. Hilda mentions that herself and Zelda have stopped using magic on Willard, as it is starting to affect his mental state. This is also mentioned at the Jerry Springer Show when Zelda and Willard's ex-wife Lucy (who is a witch, unbeknownst to him) fight for his affections, in an adaption to the lie detector test, they performed the potion detector test showing he had extremely high amounts of magic in his system. The character left the series after season 4.
Lindsay Sloane as Valerie Birkhead (seasons 2–3), Sabrina's best friend from the second season. She comes across as dim but it becomes apparent that she suffers from self-doubt when Sabrina casts a spell on her that backfired—making her overconfident and careless. She discovers that Sabrina is a witch after Sabrina tells her and Harvey on Friday the 13th. Valerie left to move to Alaska with her parents at the start of season 4.
Alimi Ballard as Quizmaster (season 2), also known as Albert, is Sabrina's tutor who helps teach her to use her magic properly to acquire her witch's license. As Sabrina gained her license in the first episode of season 3, the character's last appearance was in the last episode of season 2.
David Lascher as Josh Blackhart (seasons 4–6), Sabrina's handsome co-worker in the Coffee Shop and later, love interest. Josh struggles with his career throughout his first two seasons, until he decides he wants to be a photographer. His relationship with Sabrina is much less consistent than that of her and Harvey. They often have problems to overcome. In the end, he leaves for Prague after Sabrina gives up her love life to save Hilda's life.
Jon Huertas as Brad Alcerro (season 4), the new kid in school, but used to attend Westbridge High, before Sabrina went to that school. Brad is a witch hunter but doesn't know it. Sabrina tries to stay away from him, but every time she is in school and uses magic, Brad always sees it. In the episode "Dreama, the Mouse", Dreama makes a water fountain appear, Brad sees and says "You know, sometimes I think you're a real witch" and then Dreama turns into a mouse. In that same episode Brad loses his witch hunter gene through an operation. That is when Sabrina realized that he's just a jerk and now she can use magic on him.
China Shavers as Dreama (season 4), the new kid in school, who causes a lot of trouble because she uses magic. She later turns out to be Sabrina's student. Sabrina has to teach Dreama how to control her magic. At the end of season 4 or the beginning of season 5, she is not mentioned and we don't know if she passed her test to get her witch's license.
Soleil Moon Frye as Roxie King (seasons 5–7), Sabrina's mortal roommate during her college years and remains a very close friend to her after their graduation. An activist with a very cynical humor, her opinion often clashes with Sabrina's more preppy attitude towards life. Later, both seem to have an effect on each other, as Roxie grows to be much more honest and compassionate, while Sabrina matures and becomes more socially conscious.
Elisa Donovan as Morgan Cavanaugh (seasons 5–7), Sabrina's third and final housemate, as well as her tutor, during her college years. Morgan is a talented fashion designer and a very good friend, but can also be shallow and even mischievous at times. She's the only known character who dated both of Sabrina's long term romantic interests (Harvey and Josh) as well as expressed interest in her fiancé, Aaron.
Trevor Lissauer as Miles Goodman (seasons 5–6), Sabrina's housemate during her college years though, unlike Roxie and Morgan, he's never seen nor mentioned after the graduation. Miles is a goodhearted, but nerdy boy obsessed with all things supernatural. Miles often comes close to discovering Sabrina's secret. Throughout the series, he develops a crush on Zelda, and is hinted to harbor similar feelings for Sabrina and Roxie.

text: Episodes and U.S. ratings history[edit]

text: During its four-year run on ABC, Sabrina was the highest-rated series among the network's TGIF line-up. In the 2000–2001 season, the show moved to The WB after a negotiation dispute with ABC. While ABC was willing to renew the show for a fifth season, the network was not willing to pay the reported $1.5 million per episode that Viacom Productions, which produced the show, wanted. The WB then picked up the show for a mere $675,000 per episode, but agreed to commit to 44 episodes.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: When The WB network picked up the series after ABC canceled the series, local stations (usually WB or UPN affiliates, with a couple of "Big 4" network affiliates as well) also picked up the rights to air reruns of the series from September 2000 on a weekday basis after the broadcast syndication ended in summer 2006. For example, WPIX reran weeknights at 5:30pm EST, after reruns of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. ABC Family, a United States cable network, had exclusive United States rights to air the show at 8:00am on weekdays, until March 25, 2011, at which point they dropped the series from the broadcast roster due to a contract expiration.[21] The series aired on The N during 2004–2009, until the channel became TeenNick in September 2009, where it continued to air intermittently for years. From late 2015 to early 2016, TeenNick aired the series with two back-to-back episodes at 6:00 pm on Saturdays and Sundays.

text: The series aired on Hub Network from 2012 to 2014.[22] MTV2 also aired the show at one point. In 2015, the series aired on Logo TV on Thursday afternoons and Thursday late nights, in addition to POP from 2016-2017. The series began airing on Antenna TV in January 2016. As of July 21, 2018, the series is on Antenna TV Weekends at 1:00 pm ET.

text: International syndication[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the United Kingdom, Sabrina previously aired on ITV and Nickelodeon. It began airing on Pop Girl, a free-to-air children's channel, in July 2012, which currently broadcasts the first two seasons and the two subsequent movie. It was also broadcast on The Vault in 2014, during weekdays. The show can be seen in Ireland on RTÉ Two each weekday, 5:10–5:35 pm, as part of the youth oriented show TRTÉ. The entire series is currently (as of December 2016) available for streaming on hulu. The entire series is available on Amazon Prime.

text: In Australia, the show could be seen on Eleven, the Network Ten owned free-to-air channel at 6:00 pm and until 6 December 2013, with repeats at 12.30 am, seven days a week.

text: Video games[edit]

text: On June 11, 1999, Knowledge Adventure through Simon & Schuster Interactive and Havas Interactive officially announced the video games Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Spellbound, Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Brat Attack and Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Bundle of Magic for Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

text: On March 29, 2001, Knowledge Adventure through Simon & Schuster Interactive and Havas Interactive officially announced the video game Sabrina the Teenage Witch: A Twitch in Time! for the PlayStation game system.[23]

text:
Game title

Platform

Developer

Publisher

Release date

Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Spellbound

Macintosh, Microsoft Windows

Havas Interactive

Knowledge Adventure (Havas Interactive), Simon & Schuster Interactive

August 27, 1999

Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Bundle of Magic

Microsoft Windows, Macintosh

Havas Interactive

Knowledge Adventure (Havas Interactive), Simon & Schuster Interactive

August 27, 1999

Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Brat Attack

Macintosh, Microsoft Windows

Havas Interactive

Knowledge Adventure (Havas Interactive), Simon & Schuster Interactive

November 8, 1999

Sabrina the Teenage Witch: A Twitch in Time!

PlayStation

Havas Interactive

Knowledge Adventure (Havas Interactive), Simon & Schuster Interactive

March 30, 2001

Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Potion Commotion

Game Boy Advance

No developer available

Ubisoft

April 25, 2002, September 1, 2002

Sabrina the Teenage Witch Triple Pack

Microsoft Windows, Hybrid PC, Macintosh

Simon & Schuster Interactive

Simon & Schuster Interactive

February 27, 2004

text: Multimedia[edit]

text: Animated series[edit]

text: An animated spin-off of the show, Sabrina: The Animated Series, started airing during the live action show's 4th season. The role of Sabrina was voiced by Hart's younger sister Emily Hart. Melissa Joan Hart voiced both aunts. This series was followed by a television film, Sabrina: Friends Forever, which in turn was followed by another series titled Sabrina's Secret Life. Neither Emily Hart nor Melissa Joan Hart returned for the television film or the follow up series.

text: A new animated spin-off was produced by Hub Network in 2013 called Sabrina: Secrets of a Teenage Witch. In this version, Sabrina (voiced by Ashley Tisdale) is a witch princess in training so that she can one day rule the other realm.


document_title: New Girl (season 5)

question_text: when does jess come back on new girl

question_tokens: when does jess come back on new girl

text: New Girl (season 5)

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 31, 2015, New Girl was renewed for a fifth season.[4] The show remained in production after wrapping season four in order to get a jump on season 5 ahead of Deschanel's maternity leave.[5] Deschanel was absent in 6 episodes of the fifth season.[6][7] The onscreen reason for her absence being that her character was sequestered for jury duty.[8]

text: John Cho was the first guest announced after New Girl was renewed for season 5.[9] Fred Armisen, Stephen Rannazzisi and Ally Maki all signed up to guest star this season.[10]

text: Megan Fox was cast in the role of Reagan and will temporarily fill in for Zooey Deschanel after she pre-taped her episodes last spring before taking a maternity leave.[11] This did not premiere in the Fall but instead January 2016, with what Fox states to be "its first-ever season of virtually uninterrupted originals."[12] Damon Wayans, Jr. is set to make his return for a two episode arc this season.[13]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Zooey Deschanel as Jessica "Jess" Day
Jake Johnson as Nick Miller
Max Greenfield as Schmidt
Lamorne Morris as Winston Bishop
Hannah Simone as Cece

text: Special guest[edit]

text: Damon Wayans, Jr. as Coach[13]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Megan Fox as Reagan
Curtis Armstrong as Principal Foster
Steve Agee as Outside Dave
Meaghan Rath as May
Peter Gallagher as Gavin[14]
David Walton as Sam[15]
Nasim Pedrad as Aly Nelson
Nelson Franklin as Robby
Fred Melamed as J. Cronkite Valley-Forge
Rebecca Reid as Nadia

text: Guest[edit]

text:
John Cho as Daniel Grant[9]
Anna George as Priyanka
Rob Riggle as Big Schmidt
Taran Killam as Fred[9][16]
Julie Hagerty as Nancy
Henry Winkler as Flip
Sam Richardson as Dunston[17]
Fred Armisen as Brandon[10]
Stephen Rannazzisi as Todd Ploons[10]
Ally Maki as Kumiko[10]
Busy Philipps as Connie[18]
Sonequa Martin-Green as Rhonda[19]
apl.de.ap as himself
Kiersey Clemons as KC
Bill Burr as Bob
Lennon Parham as Carol
Ian Roberts as Billy
Clea DuVall as Camilla
Demetri Martin as Juror 237B/Gary
Elizabeth Berkley Lauren as Becky Cavatappi
Lucy Punch as Genevieve
Gillian Vigman as Kim
Kal Penn as Tripp[20]
Nora Dunn as Louise[20]
Kim Wayans as Susan[20]
Caitlin FitzGerald as Diane[21]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)951"Big Mama P"Erin O'MalleyBerkley JohnsonJanuary 5, 2016 (2016-01-05)5ATM033.33[22]
Schmidt and Cece give the honor of best man and maid of honor to Nick and Jess, respectively. Jess plans an elaborate engagement party for the couple, with the intent of surprising Cece with a visit from her mother, Priyanka (Anna George). Nick is given the responsibility of picking up Cece's mother from the airport, but picks up the wrong woman. After saving a boy's life from under the weight of a car, Winston becomes tired of being labeled as a hero instead of being known for his pranking side.
962"What About Fred"Eric AppelMatt Fusfeld & Alex CuthbertsonJanuary 12, 2016 (2016-01-12)5ATM013.25[23]
Jess has a hard time relating to her new boyfriend Fred (Taran Killam), and would rather spend time with his fun loving parents Flip and Nancy (Henry Winkler and Julie Hagerty). Nick and Schmidt are officially co-owners of the bar, and Schmidt's strict rules of the establishment puts pressure on Nick to be a tougher boss.
973"Jury Duty"Trent O'DonnellJosh Malmuth & Nina PedradJanuary 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)5ATM022.95[24]
Jess is thrilled when she is called for jury duty, but an opportunity to be acting principal presents itself with her now wanting to get out of jury duty. Nick and Cece's constant bickering about the apartment rules puts Schmidt between them.
984"No Girl"Elizabeth MeriwetherRob RosellJanuary 26, 2016 (2016-01-26)5ATM042.84[25]
With Jess still in jury duty, Nick rents out the loft to pay for Schmidt's bachelor party that they plan on having in Tokyo. Winston thinks that KC is cheating on him, so he asks Cece for advice to get even with her.
995"Bob & Carol & Nick & Schmidt"Jake JohnsonRob RosellFebruary 2, 2016 (2016-02-02)5ATM052.94[26]
Nick's cousin Bob (Bill Burr) and his wife Carol (Lennon Parham) want to use Nick's sperm to have a baby. Winston helps Cece buy a wedding dress.
1006"Reagan"Trent O'DonnellKim RosenstockFebruary 9, 2016 (2016-02-09)5ATM063.10[27]
Nick tries to get Reagan (Megan Fox), an attractive bisexual pharmaceutical sales representative, to temporarily move into the loft while Jess is still in jury duty. Schmidt learns that Cece and Reagan had a sexual encounter years ago, making him uncomfortable.
1017"Wig"Christine GernonDavid FeeneyFebruary 16, 2016 (2016-02-16)5ATM072.80[28]
Nick has a hard time being comfortable around Reagan, so he spends a lot of his time in the loft in Schmidt's room, even during the time that Schmidt wants to have sex with Cece. Winston helps Reagan break up with her most recent fling Camilla (Clea DuVall).
1028"The Decision"Trent O'DonnellLuvh RakheFebruary 23, 2016 (2016-02-23)5ATM082.68[29]
When Nick and Winston are unable to make decisions on anything, Reagan puts pressure on them to decide among themselves on who should have sex with her. While searching for the perfect wedding venue, Schmidt and Cece run into his old college bully Benjamin (David Neher) and his fiancée Mimi (Angela Trimbur).
1039"Heat Wave"Erin O'MalleyMatt Fusfeld & Alex CuthbertsonMarch 1, 2016 (2016-03-01)5ATM092.62[30]
A heat wave hits the city, with Nick stubbornly refusing Reagan's offer of hanging out in her air-conditioned room. The back and forth ultimately leads to Nick and Reagan to finally express their romantic feelings for each other. Winston finds that people take him a lot more seriously when he uses his "cop voice". Cece refuses to go to a news broadcasting audition, which forces Schmidt to use his own "cop voice" to make her go.
10410"Goosebumps Walkaway"Trent O'DonnellBerkley JohnsonMarch 8, 2016 (2016-03-08)5ATM102.65[31]
Jess finally comes home from jury duty. Reagan's last day in town closely arrives, however she is reluctant to fully express her romantic feelings for Nick. Schmidt and Cece accompany Winston to his freestyle dancing group.

Note: Despite Fox promoting this episode as the 100th episode, it is actually the 104th episode produced and aired. "Reagan" is the actual 100th episode of the series.
10511"The Apartment"Christine GernonNina PedradMarch 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)5ATM112.30[32]
Jess becomes overwhelmed by the workload given by her new principal Becky Cavatappi (Elizabeth Berkley Lauren), while also helping Cece move out of her apartment to move into the loft with Jess and the guys. While Cece packs up her things, she begins to have second thoughts about marrying Schmidt. Winston becomes tired of hearing Aly talk about her boyfriend, so he is given a new partner named Dunston (Sam Richardson), who has similar interests as him, but is way more incompetent. A flasher comes in and out of the bar, with Nick not really having a problem with him, which has Schmidt concerned.
10612"D-Day"Michael SchultzJosh MalmuthMarch 22, 2016 (2016-03-22)5ATM122.25[33]
When Schmidt becomes highly stressed from planning the wedding, and with Cece getting a new job, Jess decides take over with some of the wedding preparations. When getting champagne for the wedding, Jess falls for Gavin (Peter Gallagher), a charming wine store owner, who she later finds out is Schmidt's father. Nick and Winston argue over who has the tougher profession.
10713"Sam, Again"Steve WelchEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerMarch 29, 2016 (2016-03-29)5ATM132.21[34]
Jess applies for a new teaching job at a more subdued, free-spirited school run by Genevieve (Lucy Punch), who she later learns is dating Sam (David Walton). Schmidt has Nick and Cece  quarantined, when they both get sick, so he doesn't get sick himself right before he plans on doing a big presentation at work. Winston is nervous about going on a date, to get over being heartbroken by Aly.
10814"300 Feet"Trent O'DonnellSophia LearApril 12, 2016 (2016-04-12)5ATM142.65[35]
Sam gets a restraining order on Jess. Presh, a fancy bar across the street owned by Connie (Busy Philipps), becomes competition for The Griffin, Nick and Schmidt's bar.
10915"Jeff Day"Jay ChandrasekharJoe WengertApril 19, 2016 (2016-04-19)5ATM151.92[36]
Jess and Sam are back together, which causes tension between him and Nick. When buying a new car, Jess creates a male alter-ego named "Jeff Day" to deal with Billy (Ian Roberts), a sexist salesman. Schmidt and Cece become worried that Winston's newest girlfriend Rhonda (Sonequa Martin-Green), is way too much into pulling pranks, and wanting Winston to revoke his plus one invitation for her to come to their wedding.
11016"Helmet"Josh GreenbaumSarah Nevada SmithApril 19, 2016 (2016-04-19)5ATM181.92[36]
Jess has a sex dream about Nick, which involved an old Chicago Bears helmet that Nick gave her when they dated. This is especially stressful for Jess as she is about to meet Sam's parents. Aly's boyfriend Tripp (Kal Penn), an agent for animal actors, competes with Winston and his cat Furguson to get his own prized cat Patches a role in the next Avatar film.
11117"Road Trip"Trent O'DonnellNoah GarfinkelApril 26, 2016 (2016-04-26)5ATM162.42[37]
Schmidt questions his manhood, after being too scared to protect Cece from a hostile driver during a traffic run-in. To come off as more manly, Schmidt, Nick and Winston along with Big Schmidt (Rob Riggle), Robby (Nelson Franklin) and  J. Cronkite Valley-Forge (Fred Melamed), take a road trip to the desert for Schmidt's bachelor party.
11218"A Chill Day In"Erin O'MalleySarah TapscottApril 26, 2016 (2016-04-26)5ATM171.87[37]
While the guys are at their bachelor party, Jess and Cece stay in and smoke marijuana. After destroying a bread maker given by Schmidt's mother, Jess and Cece go to the store to get it replaced. In doing so the run into Aly and Tripp, who are having difficulties in their relationship.
11319"Dress"Trent O'DonnellDavid Feeney & Josh MalmuthMay 3, 2016 (2016-05-03)5ATM192.27[38]
Jess procrastinates when tasked to alter Cece's wedding dress, so Schmidt helps Jess by having her make alterations to it in the unused men's room at his job. With Winston and Aly now dating, they have difficulty keeping their relationship a secret from the other police officers. Nick awaits a response from Reagan after asking her in a text to be his plus one for Schmidt and Cece's wedding.
11420"Return to Sender"Russ AlsobrookVeronica McCarthyMay 3, 2016 (2016-05-03)5ATM201.88[38]
Sam reunites with Diane (Caitlin FitzGerald), an old medical school colleague, who has unresolved romantic feelings for him, putting Jess in the middle. Nick is worried for Schmidt, fearing that Gavin hasn't stopped his "deadbeat dad" ways. Winston's feelings are hurt when Sam refuses to wear a bird shirt that Winston gave him.
11521"Wedding Eve"Trent O'DonnellNina Pedrad & Kim RosenstockMay 10, 2016 (2016-05-10)5ATM212.34[39]
Jess finds a wedding ring in Sam's jacket pocket and becomes nervous thinking that Sam will propose to her. On the day before the Schmidt and Cece's wedding, Schmidt's mom Louise (Nora Dunn) and her life partner Susan (Kim Wayans) stay over at the loft. Winston fears that he may scared off Aly by referring to her as a "bride". Coach (Damon Wayans, Jr.) is back from New York to visit for the wedding.
11622"Landing Gear"Erin O'MalleyLuvh RakheMay 10, 2016 (2016-05-10)5ATM222.17[39]
On the day of Schmidt and Cece's wedding, Schmidt travels to Portland to get Cece's mom, Priyanka to come. However, he ends up stuck on the plane, still on the tarmac, missing the wedding. Reagan visits for the wedding with Nick wanting to make the move of having a steady relationship. Jess, who reveals that Sam broke up with her the day before, realizes that she still may have romantic feelings for Nick. While Schmidt is missing the wedding, Jess asks Winston to revert to his pranking ways in an attempt to stall the wedding until the groom arrives.