document_title: List of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl

question_text: who sang the national anthem at super bowl this year

text: Performances[edit]

text:
No.
Year
Venue
Performer(s)[1]

I
1967
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, California
The Pride of Arizona, Michigan Marching Band, and UCLA choir

II
1968
Orange Bowl, Miami
GSU Tiger Marching Band

III
1969
Lloyd Geisler of the Washington National Symphony Orchestra[2]
An NFL.com reference ([1]) states that Anita Bryant performed the anthem, but NBC's broadcast of game, available from the Paley Center for Media's collection, shows that Geisler performed it.

IV
1970
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
Al Hirt

V
1971
Orange Bowl, Miami
Tommy Loy (trumpet)

VI
1972
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
U.S. Air Force Academy Chorale

VII
1973
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Little Angels (children's choir) of Chicago's Holy Angels Church

VIII
1974
Rice Stadium, Houston, Texas
Charley Pride

IX
1975
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
GSU Tiger Marching Band (2)

X
1976
Orange Bowl, Miami
Tom Sullivan

XI
1977
Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California
None (Vikki Carr sang "America the Beautiful")

XII
1978
Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans
Phyllis Kelly of Northeast Louisiana University

XIII
1979
Orange Bowl, Miami
The Colgate Thirteen

XIV
1980
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Cheryl Ladd

XV
1981
Superdome, New Orleans
Helen O'Connell

XVI
1982
Pontiac Silverdome, Pontiac, Michigan
Diana Ross

XVII
1983
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Leslie Easterbrook

XVIII
1984
Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida
Barry Manilow

XIX
1985
Stanford Stadium, Stanford, California
San Francisco Boys Chorus, San Francisco Girls Chorus, Piedmont Children's Chorus, and San Francisco Children's Chorus

XX
1986
Superdome, New Orleans
Wynton Marsalis (trumpet)

XXI
1987
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Neil Diamond

XXII
1988
Jack Murphy Stadium, San Diego
Herb Alpert (trumpet)

XXIII
1989
Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami
Billy Joel

XXIV
1990
Superdome, New Orleans
Aaron Neville

XXV
1991
Tampa Stadium, Tampa
Whitney Houston with The Florida Orchestra directed by Jahja Ling

XXVI
1992
Metrodome, Minneapolis
Harry Connick, Jr.
ASL (American Sign Language): Lori Hilary

XXVII
1993
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Garth Brooks
ASL: Marlee Matlin

XXVIII
1994
Georgia Dome, Atlanta
Natalie Cole
ASL: Courtney Keel Foley

XXIX
1995
Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami
Kathie Lee Gifford
ASL: Heather Whitestone

XXX
1996
Sun Devil Stadium, Tempe, Arizona
Vanessa L. Williams
ASL: Mary Kim Titla

XXXI
1997
Superdome, New Orleans
Luther Vandross
ASL: Erika Rachael Schwarz

XXXII
1998
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Jewel
ASL: Phyllis Frelich

XXXIII
1999
Pro Player Stadium, Miami
Cher
ASL: Speaking Hands

XXXIV
2000
Georgia Dome, Atlanta
Faith Hill
ASL: Briarlake Elementary School Signing Choir

XXXV
2001
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa
Backstreet Boys
AASL: Tom Cooney

XXXVI
2002
Superdome, New Orleans
Mariah Carey
ASL: Joe Narcisse

XXXVII
2003
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Dixie Chicks
ASL: Janet Maxwell

XXXVIII
2004
Reliant Stadium, Houston
Beyoncé
ASL: Suzanna Christy

XXXIX
2005
Alltel Stadium, Jacksonville, Florida
Combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy (2), and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets
ASL: Wesley Tallent

XL
2006
Ford Field, Detroit
Aaron Neville (2) and Aretha Franklin,
Dr. John (piano accompaniment)
ASL: Angela LaGuardia

XLI
2007
Dolphin Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida
Billy Joel (2)
ASL: Marlee Matlin (2)

XLII
2008
University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
Jordin Sparks
ASL: A Dreamer[3]

XLIII
2009
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida
Jennifer Hudson
ASL: Kristen Santos

XLIV
2010
Sun Life Stadium, Miami Gardens
Carrie Underwood
ASL: Kinesha Battles

XLV
2011
Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, Texas
Christina Aguilera
ASL: Candice Villesca[4]

XLVI
2012
Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis
Kelly Clarkson
ASL: Rachel Mazique[5]

XLVII
2013
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans
Alicia Keys[6]
ASL: John Maucere[7]

XLVIII
2014
MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey
Renée Fleming
ASL: Amber Zion

XLIX
2015
University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona[8]
Idina Menzel
ASL: Treshelle Edmond[9]

50
2016
Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California
Lady Gaga
ASL: Marlee Matlin (3)[10]

LI
2017
NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas
Luke Bryan
ASL: Kriston Lee Pumphery[11].

LII
2018
U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Pink
ASL: Alexandria Wailes[12].

text: Multiple and hometown performances[edit]

text: Acts that have performed three times:

text: Marlee Matlin (ASL), (XXVII, XLI, and 50)

text: Acts that have performed two times:

text:
GSU Tiger Marching Band (II and IX)
Billy Joel (XXIII and XLI)
Aaron Neville (XXIV and XL)
U.S. Air Force Academy Chorale[13] (VI and XXXIX)

text: Singers that performed in or near their hometown metropolitan area:

text:
Beyoncé (XXXVIII, Houston)
Aretha Franklin (XL, Detroit)
Al Hirt (IV, New Orleans)
Aaron Neville (XXIV & XL, New Orleans)
Diana Ross (XVI, Detroit)
Jordin Sparks (XLII, Phoenix)

text: Notable performances[edit]

text: The performance by Whitney Houston at Super Bowl XXV in 1991, during the Gulf War, had been for many years regarded as one of the best renditions ever.[14][15][16][17][18][19] It was released as a single a few weeks later, appeared on the album Whitney: The Greatest Hits, and was re-released as a single in 2001 shortly after the September 11 attacks.

text: The 1992 performance marked the first time American Sign Language was used alongside the lead singer.

text: Faith Hill performed the anthem at Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000.[20] It became popular in country radio. Following the September 11 attacks, her version entered the country singles chart at number 35, despite not being released as an official single, and reentered the same chart at number 49 in July 2002.[citation needed]

text: At Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014, in an emotional and groundbreaking performance, soprano Renée Fleming became the first opera singer to perform the national anthem,[21] scoring the highest ratings for a Fox Network program in its history, and the second-highest ratings for any television program in history.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Just days after Super Bowl XXV, a report surfaced that Whitney Houston lip synced her performance. It was confirmed that she was actually singing into a dead microphone, but the performance heard in the stadium and on television was prerecorded.[22][14][15]

text: Since 1993, the NFL has required performers to supply a backup track.[14] This came after Garth Brooks walked out of the stadium prior to his XXVII performance. Only 45 minutes before kickoff, he refused to take the stage, due to a dispute with NBC. Brooks requested that the network premiere his new music video "We Shall Be Free" during the pregame. The network chose not to air the video, due to content some felt was disturbing imagery. Brooks had also refused to pre-record the anthem, which meant the league had nothing to play if he left. Television producers spotted Jon Bon Jovi in the grandstands, and were prepared to use him as a replacement. After last-minute negotiations, NBC agreed to air a clip of the video during the broadcast of the game,[23] and Brooks was coaxed back into the stadium and sang.[19]

text: Following the "wardrobe malfunction" controversy during Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004, all scheduled performers for Super Bowl XXXIX were chosen under heavy scrutiny.[24] Game organizers decided not to use a popular music vocalist.[25] The combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets were invited to perform. This was the first time since the second inauguration of President Richard Nixon in 1973 that all four service academies sang together.[13][26]

text: Two days after Super Bowl XLIII, it was revealed that Jennifer Hudson also had lip synced.[14]

text: At the beginning of Super Bowl XLV, Christina Aguilera sang the lyrics incorrectly. Instead of singing "O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming", the pop star sang "What so proudly we watched at the twilight's last gleaming".[27][28] According to the New York Times, she also changed "gleaming" to "reaming".[29]

text: Other patriotic performances[edit]

text: The following Super Bowls featured other patriotic performances besides the national anthem. Since 2009, "America the Beautiful" is sung before the national anthem.[30]

text:
1969: Apollo 8 crew
1970: Apollo astronauts
1973: Apollo 17 crew

text:
1977: Vikki Carr (in place of the national anthem)
2001: Ray Charles
2002: Mary J. Blige, Marc Anthony and the Boston Pops Orchestra
2005: Alicia Keys and a tribute video to the recently deceased Ray Charles
2009: Faith Hill
2010: Queen Latifah
2011: Lea Michele
2012: Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert
2013: Jennifer Hudson with the Sandy Hook Elementary School Chorus[31][32]
2014: Queen Latifah with the New Jersey Youth Chorus
2015: John Legend [9]
2016: U.S. Armed Forces Chorus [33]
2017: Phillipa Soo, Renee Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones.[34]
2018: Leslie Odom Jr..[35].

text: 2003: Céline Dion


document_title: The Belko Experiment

question_text: who is the voice in the belko experiment

root

text: The Belko Experiment

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mike Milch (John Gallagher Jr.), an employee of Belko Industries, arrives at his remote office building in rural Bogotá, Colombia, to find unfamiliar security guards turning away the local Colombian staff at the gate. New employee Dany Wilkins (Melonie Diaz) reports for her day on the job, and is told that a tracking device is implanted in the base of every Belko employee's skull in case they are kidnapped. This is common in Colombia due to the high incidence of kidnapping.

tag: p

text: Evan Smith (James Earl), Belko's head security guard, does not know who the new security guards are. Once the eightieth employee shows up, a voice on the intercom instructs the co-workers to kill two of their co-workers, or else four workers will be killed at random. Several staff attempt to flee the building, but steel shutters seal off the walls and doors, locking them all in. They ignore the announcement at first, believing it to be a prank, but four employees die when explosives hidden in their trackers detonate and blow their heads apart. Mike attempts to remove his tracker with a box cutter. Warned by the voice that he too will die unless he stops, he gives up.

text: The group is told that unless thirty of them are dead within two hours, sixty will be killed. They split into two factions, one led by Mike who believes that there should be no killing, and chief operating officer boss Barry Norris (Tony Goldwyn) who intends to follow the directions in order to save himself. Barry and his group attempt to burn off the lock of the armory in order to gain access to its weapons. Mike and his group, including his girlfriend Leandra Florez (Adria Arjona), Evan and employees Keith (Josh Brener), Leota (Gail Bean), Peggy (Rusty Schwimmer), Vince (Brent Sexton) and Roberto (David Del Rio), try to hang banners from the roof as a call for help, but soldiers outside shoot at them. Barry, executive Wendell (John C. McGinley), and employee Terry (Owain Yeoman) ambush the group in the stairway, kill Evan and take his keys to the armory.

text: With his group now armed, Barry and Wendell select thirty people, including Mike and Peggy, forcing them to kneel in a line. He begins executing them with a gunshot to the back of the head. Dany, who has been hiding in the basement, sees what is happening and shuts off the building's lights before Mike and several others can be killed. During this, Dany goes into the elevator shaft with Roberto.

text: Barry and Wendell hunt down the fleeing employees as the voice informs them that only twenty-nine have been killed. The two-hour time limit runs out and Terry, Leota, Peggy and Keith, along with twenty-seven other employees, have their trackers explode, leaving only 16 survivors. They are then informed by the voice that, as a final task, the employee who has killed the most people within an hour will be spared. Barry finds Dany and Roberto in the elevator shaft, but Dany escapes while Roberto is crushed and killed in the elevator shaft. Two employees, Marty (Sean Gunn) and Chet (Abraham Benrubi) collect the un-exploded trackers from the heads of people who have died by other methods, planning to use them to blow up the wall. However, they are killed by Wendell. Leandra kills Wendell, and Barry kills Vince and Dany. He then shoots Leandra, who dies shortly after. Mike and Barry are left as the only two survivors.

text: In a rage, Mike kills Barry with a tape dispenser. The building is then unsealed, as he is the last survivor, and the soldiers escort him to the hangar next door. There, he meets the owner of the voice (Gregg Henry), who introduces himself as a social scientist who believes that discoveries about human nature can only come from placing people in extreme environments. As he and his colleagues begin to question Mike about his emotional and mental state, Mike notices a panel of switches that correspond to the eighty employees. Having planted the trackers that Marty collected on the soldiers and the Voice, he flips every switch except his own. The trackers explode, killing the soldiers and wounding the Voice, before Mike grabs a gun and kills the remaining scientists. The Voice attempts to reason with Mike but Mike kills him. He then leaves the warehouse in a state of shock. The view zooms out to reveal that Mike is one of many sole survivors from similar experiments, being watched by another group through security cameras. A new voice states "end stage one" and "commence stage two."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Gallagher Jr. as Mike Milch, an employee at Belko Industries[5]
Tony Goldwyn as Barry Norris, the COO of Belko and an ex-special forces soldier[6]
Adria Arjona as Leandra Florez, Norris' assistant[7]
John C. McGinley as Wendell Dukes, a socially awkward top executive[8]
Melonie Diaz as Dany Wilkins, a new hire at Belko[9]
Owain Yeoman as Terry Winters[10]
Sean Gunn as Marty Espenscheid, a cafeteria worker[11]
Brent Sexton as Vince Agostino, Belko's head of human resources[12]
Josh Brener as Keith McLure, a tech worker[10]
David Dastmalchian as Alonso "Lonny" Crane, a maintenance worker under Melks[11]
David Del Rio as Roberto Jerez[10]
Gregg Henry as The Voice
Michael Rooker as Bud Melks, Belko's head of Maintenance[13]
Rusty Schwimmer as Peggy Displasia, Milch's secretary[10]
Gail Bean as Leota Hynek, a worker who befriends Wilkins[11]
James Earl as Evan Smith, Belko's only security guard[12]
Abraham Benrubi as Chet Valincourt, Espencheid's best friend[14]
Valentine Miele as Ross Reynolds, a sales representative for Belko[11]
Stephen Blackehart as Brian Vargas, an interpreter[10]
Benjamin Byron Davis as Antonio Fowler[12]
Silvia de Dios as Helena Barton
Cindy Better as Lorena Checo
Lorena Tobar as Leezle Freemont, a cafeteria worker.
Mikaela Hoover as Raziya Memarian, Agostino's assistant[12]
Maruia Shelton as Agnes Meraz

tag: ul

text:
Alvaro Garcia as Jonathan Schwarts
Joe Fria as Tyson Moon

text: Production[edit]

text: James Gunn began writing the film after waking up from a dream of an office building being enclosed in metal walls and hearing a voice instruct employees to kill each other. Initially Gunn wrote the film (as The Belco Experiment) prior to directing the 2010 film Super, although he backed away from the project once it got greenlit, owing to getting a divorce around the same time.[15] Says Gunn "I just wanted to be around my friends and family. I didn't want to go shoot this thing that was about people who loved and cared about each other being forced into killing each other. It just didn't seem to be the way I wanted to spend the next few months of my life. So I backed out of it."[15] As Gunn's name became bigger and bigger he had "kind of forgotten about it" until he received a call from Jon Glickman at  MGM asking if he would still be interested in making it.[15]

text: Much of the cast was announced in May 2015 including John Gallagher Jr.,[5] Tony Goldwyn,[6] and Melonie Diaz.[9]  More joined the cast in June, including David Del Rio, Stephen Blackehart, Josh Brener, and Rusty Schwimmer.[10]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on June 1, 2015, in Bogotá, Colombia.[16][17] and concluded on July 12, 2015.[18]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2016.[19] Shortly after, Blumhouse Tilt and Orion Pictures acquired U.S distribution rights to the film, and set it for a March 17, 2017, release.[20][21] It was released to UK theaters on April 15, 2017.[22]

text: The film was promoted through a series of four claymation shorts directed by Lee Hardcastle which, according to website io9 (where they debuted),  "features exaggerated versions of The Belko Experiment’s characters, and offers a taste of the level of violence and humor you’ll see when the actual movie opens".[23] The movie was also promoted with a video game, "'Belko Experiment’ Escape Room in VR" released for virtual reality platforms.[24]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Belko Experiment was released alongside Beauty and the Beast and was projected to gross around $4 million in its opening weekend.[25] It made $305,000 from Thursday night previews and $1.5 million on its first day. It went on to open to $4.1 million, finishing 7th at the box office.[26]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 87 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Belko Experiment offers a few moments of lurid fun for genre enthusiasts, but lacks enough subversive smarts to consistently engage once the carnage kicks in."[27] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 44 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[28]


document_title: Scandal (season 2)

question_text: when do olivia and fitz get together season 2

text: Scandal (season 2)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The season has two arcs. The first arc focuses on Fitz's attempted assassination in addition to the election-rigging, of which, more information is revealed through flashbacks. James investigates Defiance and the election-rigging for Fitz's campaign. It's revealed through flashbacks that the rigging was done by Olivia, Cyrus, Mellie, Verna and Hollis at election campaign headquarters. James teams up with David to try to build a case to take down Cyrus and Fitz. However, James ultimately lies in court, covering for Cyrus.

text: An assassination attempt is made on Fitz's life, which almost kills him. As a result, Sally takes over as President, much to Cyrus' dismay. After surviving, Fitz decides to get a divorce, which Mellie tries to avoid by somehow convincing her OB/GYN to induce her labour 4 weeks early. Huck is arrested for the attempted assassination after being framed by his girlfriend Becky. After David helps Huck go free, Huck, Olivia and her team trick Becky to show up at the hospital where she is arrested. Fitz finds out that Verna was behind the assassination and kills her. At the funeral, he reveals to Olivia that he doesn't want a divorce as he is devastated after learning about the rigging from Verna.

text: The second arc focuses on finding the mole who is leaking classified information from the White House. Olivia and the team investigate the case after figuring out that the CIA Director's suicide was actually a murder. Olivia gets to know Captain Jake Ballard, who works with the leader of B613, Rowan, who orders Jake to get close to Olivia. At the end of the season, Mellie gives Fitz an ultimatum, either he becomes loyal to her, or she goes on national television and reveals Fitz's affair with Olivia. Fitz chooses Olivia, which makes Mellie reveal the affair. Fitz announces his re-election campaign.

text: As Olivia and the team continue to investigate who the mole is, Huck manages to capture Charlie, who reveals the mole's identity: Billy Chambers. They figure out that Billy is working with David, who steals the Cytron card, but frames Billy and gives Cyrus the card in exchange for being reinstated as US Attorney. At the end, Olivia's name is leaked to the press as being Fitz's mistress, and it is revealed that Rowan is Olivia's father.

text: Cast[edit]

text: The second season had nine roles receiving star billing, with all of them returning from the previous season, seven of which part of the original cast from the first season. Kerry Washington continued her role as protagonist of the series, Olivia Pope, a former White House Director of Communications with her own crisis management firm. Columbus Short played the character Harrison Wright, while Darby Stanchfield played Abby Whelan, who begins a relationship with David Rosen. Katie Lowes acted as Quinn Perkins who is on trial for murder at the beginning of the season, and Guillermo Diaz continued playing the character Huck, the troubled tech guy who works for Olivia. Jeff Perry played Cyrus Beene, the Chief of Staff at the White House. Joshua Malina played David Rosen, the U.S. Attorney who develops a relationship with Abby. Bellamy Young continued playing First Lady Melody "Mellie" Grant, and Fitz's Vice President nominee, while Tony Goldwyn portrayed President Fitzgerald "Fitz" Thomas Grant III.

text: Several casting changes occurred for the second season. Henry Ian Cusick exited the show and did not return as his character Stephen Finch for the second season as the actor and showrunner Shonda Rhimes came to the mutual decision for him not to come back for the second year.[1] Both Bellamy Young, as First Lady of the United States, and Joshua Malina, as David Rosen, were bumped up to series regulars.[2][3]

text: Regular cast[edit]

text:
Kerry Washington as Olivia Pope
Columbus Short as Harrison Wright
Darby Stanchfield as Abigail "Abby" Whelan
Katie Lowes as Quinn Perkins
Guillermo Diaz as Huck
Jeff Perry as White House Chief of Staff Cyrus Beene
Joshua Malina as David Rosen
Bellamy Young as First Lady Melody "Mellie" Grant
Tony Goldwyn as President Fitzgerald "Fitz" Thomas Grant III

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Gregg Henry as Hollis Doyle
Dan Bucatinsky as James Novak
Debra Mooney as Supreme Court Justice Verna Thornton
Norm Lewis as Senator Edison Davis
George Newbern as Charlie
Scott Foley as Jacob "Jake" Ballard
Kate Burton as Vice President Sally Langston
Susan Pourfar as Becky Flynn
Joe Morton as Rowan "Eli" Pope
Sharmila Devar as Lauren Wellman
Brian Letscher as Tom Larsen
Samantha Sloyan as Jeannine Locke
Kurt Fuller as CIA Director Grayden Osborne
Brenda Song as Alissa
Tom Amandes as Governor Samuel Reston
Erica Shaffer as News Reporter
Matt Letscher as Billy Chambers

text: Guest cast[edit]

text:
Jimmy Kimmel as himself
Lorraine Toussaint as Nancy Drake
Elise Neal as Anna Gordon
Patrick Fischler as Arthur "Artie" Hornbacher
Brenda Strong as Joan Reston
Sam Anderson as Melvin Feen
Barry Bostwick as Fitzgerald Grant II
Eric Mabius as Peter Caldwell
Lisa Edelstein as Sarah Stanner
Melinda McGraw as Debora Clarkson
Andrea Bowen as Maybelle Doyle
John Barrowman as a fixer

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

8
1
"White Hat's Off"
Tom Verica
Jenna Bans
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
201
6.74[4]

Quinn's true identity is revealed and as the Pope & Associates team digs deeper into her past they find that she may be their biggest scandal yet. Meanwhile, Cyrus and First Lady Mellie put President Grant in a compromising position during a live television interview and a Rhode Island Congressman requires Olivia's help.

9
2
"The Other Woman"
Stephen Cragg
Heather Mitchell
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
202
6.56[5]

Olivia has to deal with the ramifications of a court case's jaw dropping verdict, and Abby continues to press Olivia for answers. Meanwhile, in the White House, Cyrus and President Grant deal with a foreign policy emergency. However, Grant becomes agitated when he realizes that his team is trying to force him to make hard decisions about foreign policy, so he seeks Olivia's help, privately.

10
3
"Hunting Season"
Ron Underwood
Matt Byrne
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)
203
6.17[7]

Olivia watches Kimberly Mitchell's talk show discuss President Grant's decision on whether or not to go to war with Libya over photo-shopped photos of dead Sudanese children. Mellie is receiving baby clothes from the queen of England. Olivia sees Senator Edison Davis on the talk show and calls him to tell him that his tie is distracting on screen, and that his choice of words was bad. Edison is glad to hear from her, considering it's been three years. When Olivia gets into her car a government official, named Artie Hornbacker, claims that the government is using a new technology called "Thorngate" to spy on U.S. citizens. After Olivia yells at him to get out of her car he claims he knows about her late-night phone calls to the West Wing. Artie explains that while he was doing data entry he noticed some descrepencies leading to his discovery, and subsequently stealing, of "Thorngate" from the NSA. Abby, Harrison, and Quinn look into Artie and become convinced he's crazy. They get "Thorngate" up and running and Artie reveals that he told someone else about "Thorngate." Edison wants Olivia to ask him out but she asks him about "Thorngate" since he's on the Senate Intelligence Committee, he warns her to be careful. Cyrus informs Fitz that "Thorngate" has been stolen and Olivia is representing Artie. He tells Fitz that he is a ticking time bomb, faking being happy since Olivia won't return his phone calls. Fitz finds out that Olivia's former fiancee, Edison Davis, is back in her life when a secret service agent gives him photos as proof. Fitz goes duck hunting with Hollis Doyle. Fitz summons Olivia to join him hunting by having Tom and Hal show up at her door to ensure she comes. He puts hiking boots on her, and reveals to her he that knows about Edison. They kiss against a tree, ignoring Tom and Hal standing a few feet away, afterwards Olivia claims their relationship is over. When Fitz returns home Mellie finds out about his hunting trip, and tells him he'd better not see Olivia again or he won't be re-elected. Artie gets anxious at Huck's house and Olivia picks Kimberly Mitchell to do an interview. Fitz puts an injunction against the network, making it treason for anyone to go through with the interview, but Olivia gets them to do it anyway. Artie escapes from Huck's house with the recently decrypted "Thorngate." The NSA shows up at OPA looking for Artie, but he's in the wind so Olivia improvises and gets the NSA to give her 12 hours to find him. Fitz realizes that Cyrus used "Thorngate" on him; that's how he knew that Olivia wasn't taking his calls. Huck finds Artie and greets him with a toolbox. David joins OPA to uncover the true story behind the Lindsay Dwyer case. Edison declares himself a client of OPA. He and Abby have sex. Huck vows that his torture issues are under control.[6]

11
4
"Beltway Unbuckled"
Mark Tinker
Mark Fish
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)
204
6.11[8]

Olivia and the team are on the case of a missing college student. They soon discover that the missing girl had been sleeping with senators and writing about the sex on a site called "Beltway Unbuckled". The team discovers she was murdered and identifies her killer, leading to a fight with the White House over diplomatic immunity. Abby and David's relationship continues to blossom, as President Grant and Mellie's relationship continues to flounder. David continues to dig deeper into the Cytron investigation.

12
5
"All Roads Lead to Fitz"
Steve Robin
Raamla Mohamed
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)
205
6.06[9]

The people involved in the Cytron incident try to figure out how to keep David from uncovering the truth. Huck agrees to go on a date with someone he met at AA. Olivia continues to fight her attraction to Edison. Olivia and the team work on the case of a governor who murdered a man who was allegedly raping his wife. Cyrus becomes worried when his husband, James, goes back to work as a journalist after Cyrus tells him that they can't have a baby. Olivia finds out about Abby and David's relationship.

13
6
"Spies Like Us"
Bethany Rooney
Chris Van Dusen
November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)
206
6.02[10]

Abby and Harrison try to convince Olivia to give one of them Stephen's office. Cyrus is furious at James for writing an article that will lead to Cyrus as the anonymous source. Olivia gets a letter that reveals more about Huck's past, putting his tenure at the firm in question. Olivia orders Harrison to break up Abby and David. The Pope & Associates team works on a case involving a group of spies.

14
7
"Defiance"
Tom Verica
Peter Noah
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)
207
6.64[11]

Harrison leads the team on the case of billionaire's son who is worried about his father's mental state. Olivia works with a senator who had an affair with a 21-year-old and is now resigning from his position; Cyrus and Mellie plan a birthday gala for President Grant. James digs deeper into an investigation into rigged voting machines using information given by David. President Grant is shot at the gala; his prognosis is unknown.

15
8
"Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
Oliver Bokelberg
Shonda Rhimes
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)
208
7.39[12]

President Grant is rushed to the hospital following the attempt on his life. A series of flashbacks reveals more about Olivia's time in the White House and her relationship with the president, and what led her to resign. Despite Olivia's best efforts to retain the office of president for President Grant, Vice President Langston is inaugurated as president to serve until President Grant recovers.

16
9
"Blown Away"
Jessica Yu
Mark Wilding
December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)
209
7.14[13]

While working in the White House, Olivia helps Vice President Sally Langston; Cyrus stumbles across the truth about James’s secret investigation; and one of Olivia’s associates struggles to come to terms with a shocking betrayal. Huck's girlfriend Becky framed him for the shooting on the president, but is able to persuade him to flee with her. But after Olivia talks to him, Huck wants to catch her. Becky finds out about Huck's plan and massacres the happy family Huck liked to watch.

17
10
"One for the Dog"
Steve Robin
Heather Mitchell
January 10, 2013 (2013-01-10)
210
8.37[14]

While Huck is being held in an underground location and being tortured after being framed for shooting the president, the president is still in a coma, but to save Fitz's presidency Mellie forges his signature saying he is awake and ready to head back to office, but Acting President Sally Langston isn't buying it, so Olivia does what she does best and manages the crisis. She managed to release Huck, who tracks down and captures the real sniper. Then, while talking to Quinn, Olivia gets a call she will never forget.

18
11
"A Criminal, a Whore, an Idiot and a Liar"
Stephen Cragg
Mark Fish
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
211
7.93[15]

Changes continue to rock the White House, as flashbacks reveal more about the rigged election and Fitz's tense relationship with his father. Things get heated between Olivia and Edison after he makes a shocking accusation, he accuses her of being Fitz's mistress. In response to him, Olivia calls him sexist. A resting Fitz is visited by Mellie, who tells him they can do what ever he wants. Fitz shocks Mellie by saying what he wants is a divorce. Meanwhile Edison asks Olivia to marry him.

19
12
"Truth or Consequences"
Jeannot Szwarc
Peter Noah
January 31, 2013 (2013-01-31)
212
8.09[16]

The "Gladiators in Suits" realize that a quickly unraveling Olivia might not always wear a white hat when they discover the truth about the rigged White House election. In order to reel in Fitz, Mellie is forced to take extreme measures. David takes his investigation into the Cytron explosion to the next level and arrests Hollis Doyle. Flashbacks to the life Lindsay Dwyer and Jesse Tyler the weeks leading up to the explosion.

20
13
"Nobody Likes Babies"
Tom Verica
Mark Wilding
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
213
8.14[17]

David learns the truth about the Cytron case; Olivia, Cyrus, Mellie, Hollis and Verna go to extremes to protect themselves. Verna tells Fitz she was the one who tried to assassinate him. She also reveals to him that she along with Cyrus, Olivia, Mellie, and Hollis rigged the election in his favor. Fitz removes Verna's oxygen mask and holds her hands back, ultimately killing her. At her funeral, Fitz gives the eulogy and doesn't say anything negative about Verna. Fitz also calls off the divorce after Olivia turns down Edison's proposal so she can wait for Fitz's divorce to be final. Fitz then seems angry at Olivia.

21
14
"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot"
Mark Tinker
Matt Byrne
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
214
8.02[18]

10 months later, after discovering the truth behind Defiance, Fitz is still struggling to figure out whom he can actually trust. Meanwhile Olivia is trying to move on with her life, and she meets a handsome stranger, Jake Ballard (Scott Foley), in a coffee shop who sparks her interest. Fitz and Olivia meet again at Cyrus and James' baby christening, and end up having sex in an electrical closet. Afterwards, Olivia says that Defiance was a mistake, and Fitz tells her that he doesn't want her and that their relationship is over. Meanwhile back at Pope and Associates, for the first time they are working with David Rosen and not against him.

22
15
"Boom Goes the Dynamite"
Randy Zisk
Jenna Bans
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
215
7.68[19]

Olivia and the team are hired by an up and coming politician, Peter Caldwell (Eric Mabius), part of an in-universe political dynasty; but this time instead of fixing a scandal, they're playing high-powered matchmaker. Meanwhile, David is trying to leave the past behind him, but when he feels like he's being followed, he finally turns to the team at OPA for help. Back at the White House, Fitz is still struggling with whom to trust and how to handle a delicate hostage situation, and Jake just won't take no for an answer when it comes to dating Olivia.

23
16
"Top of the Hour"
Steve Robin
Heather Mitchell
March 21, 2013 (2013-03-21)
216
8.51[20]

Olivia takes on the White House when her firm is hired by a new client, Sarah Stanner (Lisa Edelstein), who has been accused of having an affair with a Supreme Court Justice nominee. Huck takes Quinn under his wing while looking for the mole, and Mellie and Cyrus continue to try to regain Fitz' trust, but unbeknownst to them he has a new confidant, Jake Ballard.

24
17
"Snake in the Garden"
Ron Underwood
Raamla Mohamed
March 28, 2013 (2013-03-28)
217
7.97[21]

Hollis Doyle calls Olivia in when his daughter is kidnapped under suspicious circumstances. Olivia and Jake continue their relationship whilst Quinn and Huck's friendship strengthens. Problems at the White House spring up as Cyrus fights to be back in the president's corner whilst Mellie confronts Fitz. The mole is exposed and taken care of, though all is not as one might expect.

25
18
"Molly, You in Danger, Girl"
Tom Verica
Chris Van Dusen
April 4, 2013 (2013-04-04)
218
8.04[22]

Olivia's team look for a mistake in their assumption of the CIA Director's guilt as the mole, realizing their error could put them in grave danger. Meanwhile, Olivia and Jake's relationship becomes intimate while Fitz and Mellie's marriage hits a new low point. Jake discovers Fitz's romantic attachment to Olivia after an injury lands her in the hospital. Cyrus makes a call regarding Olivia.

26
19
"Seven Fifty-Two"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Mark Fish
April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25)
219
7.90[23]

Secrets from Huck's life before Pope and Associates are revealed. Olivia and Fitz engage in an emotionally charged conversation, unaware of the fact that Jake could be watching. Olivia's team comes together to help one of their own. Meanwhile, Cyrus is becoming increasingly skeptical of Jake. Mellie makes a decision that could bring down the White House, she leaves Fitz for Blair House, taking Teddy with her. She gives Fitz 36 hours to choose her or she will go on national TV and reveal that he cheated on her.

27
20
"A Woman Scorned"
Tony Goldwyn
Zahir McGhee
May 2, 2013 (2013-05-02)
220
8.07[24]

The team continue their investigation into the mole and make a shocking discovery in the process. Meanwhile, Fitz orders Jake to continue to protect Olivia, who is still very much in danger. And back at the White House Mellie's ultimatum forces Cyrus into the role of "fixer". Fitz goes to Olivia's house and tells her he chooses her over Mellie, and they have sex. Mellie does the interview with James, and Cyrus is furious that she picked his husband. She reveals that Fitz has been unfaithful to her, but she fails to mention who the mistress is.

28
21
"Any Questions?"
Mark Tinker
Matt Byrne
May 9, 2013 (2013-05-09)
221
8.87[25]

Cyrus is at the center of a big scandal at the White House; Olivia is betrayed by someone close to her. After Olivia persuades him, Fitz announces his re-election campaign.

29
22
"White Hat's Back On"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
222
9.12[26]

As they get closer to uncovering the mole's identity, Olivia and her team find themselves in an increasingly dangerous situation; the latest White House scandal pushes Cyrus over the edge. Quinn goes to extreme measures to protect Huck. David is instrumental in uncovering the identity of the mole and a secret about Olivia's life hits the media.

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: The second season got overwhelmingly positive reviews, with some calling the season a triumph.[27][28] Ratings grew significantly over the second season, reaching a series high with the season finale which increased 25% in Total Viewers and 39% in Adult 18-49 compared to the first season's finale.[29] On Rotten Tomatoes the second season had a rating of 89% based on 9 reviews.[30]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Live + SD ratings[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Episode
Air date
Time slot (EST)
Rating/Share (18–49)
Viewers (m)
18–49 Rank
Viewership rank
Drama rank

8
1
"White Hat's Off"
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
Thursdays
10:00 p.m.
2.0/6[4]
6.74[4]
N/A
N/A
N/A

9
2
"The Other Woman"
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
2.0/6[5]
6.56[5]
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
3
"Hunting Season"
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)
1.9/5[7]
6.17[7]
N/A
N/A
N/A

11
4
"Beltway Unbuckled"
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)
2.0/6[8]
6.11[8]
N/A
N/A
N/A

12
5
"All Roads Lead to Fitz"
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)
1.9/5[9]
6.06[9]
N/A
N/A
N/A

13
6
"Spies Like Us"
November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)
2.0/6[10]
6.02[10]
N/A
N/A
N/A

14
7
"Defiance"
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)
2.2/6[11]
6.64[11]
N/A
N/A
N/A

15
8
"Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)
2.5/7[12]
7.39[12]
23[31]
N/A
4[31]

16
9
"Blown Away"
December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)
2.4/7[13]
7.14[13]
22[32]
N/A
7[32]

17
10
"One for the Dog"
January 10, 2013 (2013-01-10)
2.8/8[14]
8.37[14]
14[33]
23[33]
6[33]

18
11
"A Criminal, a Whore, an Idiot and a Liar"
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
2.6/7[15]
7.93[15]
16[34]
N/A
6[34]

19
12
"Truth or Consequences"
January 31, 2013 (2013-01-31)
2.7/8[16]
8.09[16]
13[35]
21[35]
6[35]

20
13
"Nobody Likes Babies"
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
2.8/8[17]
8.14[17]
17[36]
N/A
7[36]

21
14
"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot"
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
2.7/8[18]
8.02[18]
13[37]
N/A
3[37]

22
15
"Boom Goes the Dynamite"
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
2.7/7[19]
7.68[19]
20[38]
N/A
6[38]

23
16
"Top of the Hour"
March 21, 2013 (2013-03-21)
2.7/8[20]
8.51[20]
11[39]
20[39]
4[39]

24
17
"Snake in the Garden"
March 28, 2013 (2013-03-28)
2.6/7[21]
7.97[21]
14[40]
23[40]
4[40]

25
18
"Molly, You In Danger, Girl"
April 4, 2013 (2013-04-04)
2.6/8[22]
8.04[22]
15[41]
N/A
4[41]

26
19
"Seven Fifty-Two"
April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25)
2.8/8[23]
7.90[23]
7[42]
24[42]
2[42]

27
20
"A Woman Scorned"
May 2, 2013 (2013-05-02)
2.6/8[24]
8.07[24]
13[43]
N/A
4[43]

28
21
"Any Questions?"
May 9, 2013 (2013-05-09)
3.2/9[25]
8.87[25]
6[44]
23[44]
1[44]

29
22
"White Hat's Back On"
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
3.2/9[26]
9.12[26]
10[45]
17[45]
2[45]

text: Live + 7 Day (DVR) ratings[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Episode
Air date
Time slot (EST)
18–49 rating increase
Viewers
(millions) increase
Total 18-49
Total viewers
(millions)
Ref

8
1
"White Hat's Off"
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
Thursdays
10:00 P.M.
0.9
2.56
3.0
9.31
[46]

9
2
"The Other Woman"
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
0.8
2.26
2.8
8.82
[47]

10
3
"Hunting Season"
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)
0.9
2.42
2.8
8.58
[48]

11
4
"Beltway Unbuckled"
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)
0.8
2.28
2.0
8.38
[49]

12
5
"All Roads Lead to Fitz"
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)
1.0
2.51
2.9
8.56
[50]

13
6
"Spies Like Us"
November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)
0.9
2.32
2.9
8.33
[51]

14
7
"Defiance"
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)
0.9
2.38
3.1
9.02
[52]

15
8
"Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)
0.9
2.33
3.4
9.72
[53]

16
9
"Blown Away"
December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)
1.0
2.52
3.4
9.70
[54]

17
10
"One for the Dog"
January 10, 2013 (2013-01-10)
1.0
2.51
3.8
10.89
[55]

18
11
"A Criminal, a Whore, an Idiot and a Liar"
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
1.1
2.49
3.7
10.42
[56]

19
12
"Truth or Consequences"
January 24, 2013 (2013-01-24)
1.2
3.03
3.3
11.13
[57]

20
13
"Nobody Likes Babies"
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
1.0
2.69
3.8
10.83
[58]

21
14
"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot"
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
1.1
2.87
3.8
10.89
[59]

22
15
"Boom Goes the Dynamite"
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
1.2
2.94
3.9
10.62
[60]

23
16
"Top of the Hour"
March 21, 2013 (2013-03-21)
1.0
2.61
3.7
11.12
[61]

24
17
"Snake in the Garden"
March 28, 2013 (2013-03-28)
0.9
2.58
3.5
10.55
[62]

25
18
"Molly, You in Danger, Girl!"
April 4, 2013 (2013-04-04)
1.1
2.95
3.7
10.99
[63]

26
19
"Seven Fifty-Two"
April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25)
0.8
2.37
3.6
10.27
[64]

27
20
"A Woman Scorned"
May 2, 2013 (2013-05-02)
0.9
2.51
3.5
10.58
[65]

28
21
"Any Questions?"
May 9, 2013 (2013-05-09)
0.8
2.27
4.0
11.14
[66]

29
22
"White Hat's Back On"
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
0.8
2.48
4.0
11.60
[67]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

BET Award
Best Actress
Kerry Washington
Won

Imagen Award
Best Actor/Television
Guillermo Díaz
Nominated

NAACP Image Award
Outstanding Drama Series
Scandal
Won

Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series
Kerry Washington
Won

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Kerry Washington
Nominated

Creative Arts Emmy Award
Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Dan Bucatinsky
Won

Vision Award
Best Drama
Scandal
Nominated

text: DVD release[edit]

text:
Scandal: The Complete Second Season

Set Details
Special Features

22 Episodes
5-Disc Set
English (Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround)
English SDH, Spanish and French subtitles

A Closer Look
Hanging with Huck
Deleted Scenes
Outtakes/Bloopers

Release Dates

Region 1
Region 2

September 3, 2013
February 17, 2014


document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: highest number of wins in a premier league season

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3, Manchester United twice (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]
Biggest title-winning margin: 18 points, 1999–2000; Manchester United (91 points) over Arsenal (73 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference – the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in a season (38 games): 30, Chelsea (2016–17)[4]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[5]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[6]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[8]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[5][9][10]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 14, Arsenal (between 10 February 2002 and 24 August 2002)[5][11][12]
Most consecutive wins in a season (38 games): 13, joint record:[13]

Arsenal (2001–02)
Chelsea (2016–17)

Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[14]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[15]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)[16]

text: Losses[edit]

text:
Fewest losses in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[17]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[18]
Most losses in total: 336, Everton[19]
Fewest home losses in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[20][21][22]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08) [23][24][25]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[25][26][27][28][29]
Liverpool (2008–09)[30]
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Most consecutive losses over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[31]
Fewest away losses in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[24][32]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 26 October 2008)[33]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[34]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[35]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[35]
Southampton (1994–95)[35]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[35]
Aston Villa (2006–07 & 2011–12)[35]
Sunderland (2014–15)[35]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[35]
Leicester City (1997–98 & 2003–04)[35]
Manchester United (2016–17)[35]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[35]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98 & 2016–17)[35]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[35]
Manchester United (2012–13)[35]
Chelsea (2016–17)[35]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[35]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96 & 2014–15)[35]
Barnsley (1997–98)[35]
Chelsea (1997–98)[35]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[35]
Everton (2000–01)[35]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[35]
Portsmouth (2005–06 & 2007–08)[35]
Burnley (2009–10)[35]
Liverpool (2011–12)[35]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[35]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[35]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[35]
Southampton (1994–95)[35]
Manchester City (2009–10)[35]

Most draws in total: 277, Everton[19]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 80,827, Tottenham Hotspur v. Liverpool (at Wembley Stadium, 22 October 2017)[36]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon v. Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[37][38]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 103, Chelsea (2009–10)[39]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[40]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[41]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[42]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[43]
Best goal difference in a season: 71, Chelsea (2009–10)[43]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[44]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[43]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[45]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[46]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[46]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[46]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[46]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[46]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[46]
Southampton (1998–99)[46]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[46]
Derby County (2007–08)[46]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[46]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[46]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[46]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[47]
Most goals scored in total: 1,856, Manchester United[19]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,231, Tottenham Hotspur[19]
Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[48]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[49]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[50]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[51]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[52]

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 95, Chelsea (2004–05)[53]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[54]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[55]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[56]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[57]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[57]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[58]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 633, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 25 September 2017)[59]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[60]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[61]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[62]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[63]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[64]
Most Premier League goals: Alan Shearer (260)[65]

text:
Most goals scored away from home: Wayne Rooney (91)[citation needed]
Most Premier League goals at one club: Wayne Rooney (183, for Manchester United)[66]
Oldest goalscorer: Teddy Sheringham, 40 years and 268 days (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[67]
Youngest goalscorer: James Vaughan, 16 years and 271 days (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[68]

text:
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[69]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[70]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
202
469
0.43
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
159
474
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[72]

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 31, joint record:[73]

Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)
Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, 2007–08)
Luis Suárez (Liverpool, 2013–14)

Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 36, Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995)[74]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league: [75]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)

22-team league:

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[76]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[77]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[78]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[79]

Andrew Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[80]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[81]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[82]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[83]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 Goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers) [84]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 Goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[85]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 Goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[85]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 Goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[86]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 Goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[70]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: Sadio Mané, 2 minutes 56 seconds (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[87]
Highest number of different clubs to score for: 7:

Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[88]

Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[89]
Most own goals in a season: 4, Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[90]
Most Hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[91]
Most Goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (for Liverpool)[92]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Assists

Most assists (career)

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
107

3
 Frank Lampard
102

4
 Wayne Rooney
101

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 Teddy Sheringham
76

9
 James Milner
75

10
 Thierry Henry
74

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[94]
Most consecutive Premier League matches assisted in: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[95]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[96]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[97]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

Most clean sheets (career)

1
 Petr Čech
194

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
152

4
 David Seaman
142

5
 Nigel Martyn
138

6
 Pepe Reina
134

 Edwin van der Sar

8
 Tim Howard
132

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
129

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 21, joint record:

Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[98]
Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[99]

Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[100]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[101]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[102]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[103]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[104]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[105]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[59]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[71]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[106]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[107]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal vs Manchester City, 23 May 2012[108]

text: Youngest players to score[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[109]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10-Apr-2005
Everton
16 years 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26-Dec-2002
Leeds United
16 years 356 days
Sunderland

Wayne Rooney
19-Oct-2002
Everton
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fabregas
25-Aug-2004
Arsenal
17 years 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
06-May-1997
Liverpool
17 years 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
05-Sep-1992
Tottenham
17 years 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
05-Apr-2009
Manchester United
17 years 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20-Oct-2012
Liverpool
17 years 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20-Feb-1999
Chelsea
17 years 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20-Sep-1997
Everton
17 years 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[110]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[110]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[111]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United had won the 2010–11 competition
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City had won the 2015–16 competition

Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[112]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[113]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 — final score; 3–4)[114]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 — final score; 4–4)[115]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 — final score; 3–4)[116]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[117]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[118]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[119]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[120]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[121]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the start of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2017–18 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[122]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
25
962
604
209
149
1856
847
1009
2021
13
5
3
1

80.84
1

2
Arsenal
25
962
525
247
190
1698
911
787
1822
3
6
5
7

72.88
1

3
Chelsea
25
962
516
241
205
1645
925
720
1789
5
4
4
2

71.56
1

4
Liverpool
25
962
478
243
241
1601
986
615
1677

3
5
6

67.08
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
25
962
400
247
315
1406
1231
175
1447

1
1
2

57.88
2

6
Everton
25
962
349
277
336
1259
1207
52
1324

1

52.96
4

7
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

8
Newcastle United
22
844
322
217
305
1168
1140
28
1183

2
2
1
2
53.77
2

9
Manchester City
20
772
327
190
255
1173
925
248
1171
2
2
2
1
2
58.55
1

10
West Ham United
21
806
265
209
332
964
1146
−182
1004

2
47.81
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
18
696
222
187
287
855
966
−111
853

1
47.39
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[123]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
11
422
130
118
174
516
610
−94
508
1

3
46.18
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
11
418
106
115
197
444
640
−196
433

3
39.36
8

20
Stoke City
9
342
109
97
136
363
457
−94
424

47.11
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

25
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

26
Crystal Palace
8
312
86
78
148
329
456
−127
336

4
42.00
10

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

29
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

30
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[124]

1
41.90
8

31
Swansea City
6
228
74
57
97
278
327
−49
279

46.50
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.10
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

36
Watford
4
152
34
35
83
144
254
−110
137

2
34.25
13

37
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

38
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

39
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

40
Burnley
3
114
26
25
63
109
190
−81
103

2
34.33
16

41
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

42
Bournemouth
2
76
23
19
34
100
134
−34
88

44.00
9

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

45
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

46
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

47
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

48
Brighton & Hove Albion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

49
Huddersfield Town
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

text: League or status at 2017–18:

text:
2017–18 Premier League

2017–18 EFL Championship

2017–18 Football League One

2017–18 Football League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[125][126]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League winner's medals: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Winner of Premier League Manager of the Month Award: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month Awards: 3, Antonio Conte[127]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)[128]
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[129]
Longest-serving manager: Sir Alex Ferguson, 21 years (Manchester United, 1 July 1992 to 30 June 2013)[130]
Shortest-serving manager (excluding caretakers): Les Reed, 41 days (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006)[131]


document_title: Jones Law (Philippines)

question_text: who proposed the idea of the philippine autonomy act

text: Jones Law (Philippines)

text: Development of the bill[edit]

text: The ultimate goal for the Philippines was independence. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt said as early as 1901, "We hope to do for them what has never been done for any people of the tropics—to make them fit for self-government after the fashion of really free nations."[4] The American public tended to view America's presence in the Philippines as unremunerative and expensive, so Roosevelt had concluded by 1907, "We shall have to be prepared for giving the islands independence of a more or less complete type much sooner than I think advisable."[4]

text: Woodrow Wilson said, during the 1912 election campaign which made him US President, "The Philippines are at present our frontier but I hope we presently are to deprive ourselves of that frontier."[4] Even before the 1912 elections, U.S. House Committee on Insular Affairs Chairman William Atkinson Jones attempted to launch a bill which set a fixed date for Philippine independence.[5] Manuel L. Quezon was one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners to the US House of Representatives. Jones delayed to launch his bill, so Quezon drafted the first of two "Jones Bills." He drafted a second Jones Bill in early 1914 after the election of Wilson as president and his appointment of Francis Burton Harrison as President of the Philippine Commission and Governor General of the Philippines.

text: Wilson had informed Quezon of his hostility to any fixed timetable for independence, and Quezon believed that the draft bill contained enough flexibility to suit Wilson.[6]

text: Passage into law[edit]

text: The bill passed the House in October 1913 and went to the Senate, backed by Harrison, US Secretary of War Lindley Garrison, and Wilson. A final version of the bill was signed into US law by Wilson on August 29, 1916, after amendment by the Senate and further changes in a congressional conference committee.[6]

text: Terms[edit]

text: Among the provisions of the law was the creation of an all-Filipino legislature. It created the Philippine Senate to replace the Philippine Commission, which had served as the upper chamber of the legislature.[2]