document_title: Battles of Tarain

question_text: when did the second battle of tarain take place

text: Battles of Tarain

text: The First Battle[edit]

text:
1st Battle of Tarain

Date
1191

Location
near Thanesar

Result
Chauhan Rajput victory

Territorial
changes
Prithviraj retakes the fortress of Bhatinda

Belligerents

Ghurid Empire
Chauhan Rajput

Commanders and leaders

Mu'izz al-Din (WIA)
Prithviraj Chauhan

Strength

unknown[2]
unknown, reportedly outnumbered Mu'izz al-Din's army[2]

text: In 1191, Mu'izz al-Din captured the fortress of Bhatinda in East Punjab, which was on the frontier of Prithiviraj Chauhan's domains.[1] Prithviraj marched on to Bhatinda and met his enemy at a place called Tarain (also called Taraori) near the ancient town of Thanesar. The Ghurid army initiates battle by attacking with cavalry who launch arrows at the Rajput center. The forces of Prithviraj counter-attack from three sides and dominate the battle, pressuring the Ghurid army into a withdrawal. Meanwhile, Mu'izz al-Din is wounded in personal combat with Prithviraj's brother, Govind Tai.[1] Prithviraj succeeded in stopping the Ghurid advance towards Hindustan in the first battle of Tarain. He did not pursue Ghori's army either not wanting to invade hostile territory or misjudging Ghori's ambition,[3] instead electing to retake the fortress of Bhatinda.[1]

text: The Second Battle[edit]

text:
2nd Battle of Tarain

Date
1192

Location
near Thanesar

Result
Ghurid victory

Territorial
changes
Mu'izz al-Din takes Bihar province

Belligerents

Ghurid Empire
Chauhan Rajput

Commanders and leaders

Mu'izz al-Din
Prithviraj Chauhan †

Strength

120,000[3]
300,000 (likely exaggeration)[3]

Casualties and losses

Prithviraj Chauhan (executed)

text: On his return to Ghazni, Mu'izz al-Din made preparations to avenge his defeat. When he reached Lahore, he sent his envoy to Prithviraj to demand his submission, but the Chauhan ruler refused to comply. Prithviraj saw through Mu'izz al-Din's stratagem and issued a fervent appeal to his fellow Rajput chiefs to come to his aid against the Muslim invader.

text: Size of the forces and generals[edit]

text: According to Firishta, the Rajput army consisted of 3,000 elephants, 300,000 cavalry and infantry, most likely a gross exaggeration.[3] Minhaj-i-Siraj, stated Mu'izz al-Din brought 120,000 fully armored men to battle.[3]

text: Battle[edit]

text: The battle occurred in the same field as the first one. Knowing the Rajputs were well-disciplined, the Ghurids did not want to engage in melee combat with them. Instead the Ghurids army was formed into five units, and four units were sent to attack the Rajput flanks and rear. The flanking attacks failed and the fighting continued. In hopes of causing a break in the Rajput lines, Mu'izz al-Din ordered his fifth unit to feign retreat. The Rajput's charged the fleeing Ghurid unit, as the Ghurids expected. The Ghurids then sent a fresh cavalry unit of 12,000 and they managed to throw back the Rajput advance. The remaining Ghurid forces then attack and the Rajputs flee in panic.[1] Prithviraj Chauhan abandons his elephant for a horse and tries to escape. But he is caught a few miles from the battlefield and promptly executed.[1]

text: The aftermath[edit]

text: The victory of Mu'izz al-Din was decisive, he followed up this victory by defeating Jayachandra in the Battle of Chandawar, eradicating Buddhism in that area.[1] Later in 1202, his army completes the occupation of Hindustan by taking the province of Bengal.[1]

text: The third battle of Tarain[edit]

text: Shamshuddin Iltutmish (1211-1236), the king of the Mamluk dynasty, also known as Slave dynasty, captured Taj al-Din Yildiz in a battle at Tarain (1216) and then executed him at Budaun in the same year.[4]


document_title: List of U.S. Open (golf) champions

question_text: when was the last time someone won back to back us opens

root

text: List of U.S. Open (golf) champions

text: Champions[edit]

text: By year[edit]

text:
Key

(n/a)

Information not available

Tournament won in a playoff

*

Tournament won by an amateur

Tournament won by an amateur in a playoff

tag: table

text:
U.S. Open champions

Year

Country

Champion

Course

Location

Total score

To par[a]

1895

 England

Horace Rawlins[b]

Newport Country Club

Newport, Rhode Island

173

n/a

1896

 Scotland

James Foulis[b]

Shinnecock Hills

Shinnecock Hills, New York

152

n/a

1897

 England

Joe Lloyd[b]

Chicago Golf Club

Wheaton, Illinois

162

n/a

1898

 Scotland

Fred Herd

Myopia Hunt Club

South Hamilton, Massachusetts

328

n/a

1899

 Scotland

Willie Smith

Baltimore Country Club

Lutherville, Maryland

315

n/a

1900

 Jersey

Harry Vardon

Chicago Golf Club

Wheaton, Illinois

313

n/a

1901

 Scotland

Willie Anderson[c]

Myopia Hunt Club

South Hamilton, Massachusetts

331

n/a

1902

 Scotland

Laurie Auchterlonie

Garden City Golf Club

Garden City, New York

307

n/a

1903

 Scotland

Willie Anderson[d]

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

307

n/a

1904

 Scotland

Willie Anderson

Glen View Club

Golf, Illinois

303

n/a

1905

 Scotland

Willie Anderson

Myopia Hunt Club

South Hamilton, Massachusetts

314

n/a

1906

 Scotland

Alex Smith

Onwentsia Club

Lake Forest, Illinois

295

n/a

1907

 Scotland

Alec Ross

Philadelphia Cricket Club

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

302

n/a

1908

 Scotland

Fred McLeod[e]

Myopia Hunt Club

South Hamilton, Massachusetts

322

n/a

1909

 England

George Sargent

Englewood Golf Club

Englewood, New Jersey

290

+2

1910

 Scotland

Alex Smith[f]

Philadelphia Cricket Club

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

298

+6

1911

 United States

John McDermott[g]

Chicago Golf Club

Wheaton, Illinois

307

+3

1912

 United States

John McDermott

Country Club of Buffalo

Buffalo, New York

294

+6

1913

 United States

Francis Ouimet[h]

The Country Club

Brookline, Massachusetts

304

+12

1914

 United States

Walter Hagen

Midlothian Country Club

Midlothian, Illinois

290

+2

1915

 United States

Jerome Travers*

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

297

+1

1916

 United States

Chick Evans*

The Minikahda Club

Minneapolis, Minnesota

286

−2

1917

&—

None[i]

&—

&—

&—

&—

1918

&—

None

&—

&—

&—

&—

1919

 United States

Walter Hagen[j]

Brae Burn Country Club

West Newton, Massachusetts

301

+17

1920

 Jersey

Ted Ray

Inverness Club

Toledo, Ohio

295

+7

1921

 England

Jim Barnes

Columbia Country Club

Chevy Chase, Maryland

289

+9

1922

 United States

Gene Sarazen

Skokie Country Club

Glencoe, Illinois

288

+8

1923

 United States

Bobby Jones[n][k]

Inwood Country Club

Inwood, New York

296

+8

1924

 England

Cyril Walker

Oakland Hills

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

297

+9

1925

 Scotland

Willie Macfarlane[l]

Worcester Country Club

Worcester, Massachusetts

291

+7

1926

 United States

Bobby Jones*

Scioto Country Club

Columbus, Ohio

293

+5

1927

 United States

Tommy Armour[m]

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

301

+13

1928

 United States

Johnny Farrell[n]

Olympia Fields

Olympia Fields, Illinois

294

+10

1929

 United States

Bobby Jones[n][o]

Winged Foot Golf Club

Mamaroneck, New York

294

+6

1930

 United States

Bobby Jones*

Interlachen Country Club

Edina, Minnesota

287

−1

1931

 United States

Billy Burke[p]

Inverness Club

Toledo, Ohio

292

+8

1932

 United States

Gene Sarazen

Fresh Meadow Country Club

Great Neck, New York

286

+6

1933

 United States

Johnny Goodman*

North Shore Country Club

Glenview, Illinois

287

−1

1934

 United States

Olin Dutra

Merion Golf Club

Ardmore, Pennsylvania

293

+13

1935

 United States

Sam Parks, Jr.

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

299

+11

1936

 United States

Tony Manero

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

282

−6

1937

 United States

Ralph Guldahl

Oakland Hills

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

281

−7

1938

 United States

Ralph Guldahl

Cherry Hills

Cherry Hills Village, Colorado

284

E

1939

 United States

Byron Nelson[q]

Philadelphia Country Club

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

284

+8

1940

 United States

Lawson Little[r]

Canterbury Golf Club

Beachwood, Ohio

287

−1

1941

 United States

Craig Wood

Colonial Country Club

Fort Worth, Texas

284

+4

1942

&—

None[s]

&—

&—

&—

&—

1943

&—

None

&—

&—

&—

&—

1944

&—

None

&—

&—

&—

&—

1945

&—

None

&—

&—

&—

&—

1946

 United States

Lloyd Mangrum[t]

Canterbury Golf Club

Beachwood, Ohio

284

−4

1947

 United States

Lew Worsham[u]

St. Louis Country Club

St. Louis, Missouri

282

−2

1948

 United States

Ben Hogan

Riviera Country Club

Pacific Palisades, California

276

−8

1949

 United States

Cary Middlecoff

Medinah Country Club

Medinah, Illinois

286

+2

1950

 United States

Ben Hogan[v]

Merion Golf Club

Ardmore, Pennsylvania

287

+7

1951

 United States

Ben Hogan

Oakland Hills

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

287

+7

1952

 United States

Julius Boros

Northwood Club

Dallas, Texas

281

+1

1953

 United States

Ben Hogan

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

283

−5

1954

 United States

Ed Furgol

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

284

+4

1955

 United States

Jack Fleck[w]

Olympic Club

San Francisco, California

287

+7

1956

 United States

Cary Middlecoff

Oak Hill Country Club

Rochester, New York

281

+1

1957

 United States

Dick Mayer[x]

Inverness Club

Toledo, Ohio

282

+5

1958

 United States

Tommy Bolt

Southern Hills

Tulsa, Oklahoma

283

+3

1959

 United States

Billy Casper

Winged Foot Golf Club

Mamaroneck, New York

282

+2

1960

 United States

Arnold Palmer

Cherry Hills

Cherry Hills Village, Colorado

280

−4

1961

 United States

Gene Littler

Oakland Hills

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

281

+1

1962

 United States

Jack Nicklaus[y]

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

283

−1

1963

 United States

Julius Boros[z]

The Country Club

Brookline, Massachusetts

293

+9

1964

 United States

Ken Venturi

Congressional Country Club

Bethesda, Maryland

278

−2

1965

 South Africa

Gary Player[aa]

Bellerive Country Club

St. Louis, Missouri

282

+2

1966

 United States

Billy Casper[bb]

Olympic Club

San Francisco, California

278

−2

1967

 United States

Jack Nicklaus

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

275

−5

1968

 United States

Lee Trevino

Oak Hill Country Club

Rochester, New York

275

−5

1969

 United States

Orville Moody

Champions Golf Club

Houston, Texas

281

+1

1970

 England

Tony Jacklin

Hazeltine National Golf Club

Chaska, Minnesota

281

−7

1971

 United States

Lee Trevino[cc]

Merion Golf Club

Ardmore, Pennsylvania

280

E

1972

 United States

Jack Nicklaus

Pebble Beach

Pebble Beach, California

290

+2

1973

 United States

Johnny Miller

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

279

−5

1974

 United States

Hale Irwin

Winged Foot Golf Club

Mamaroneck, New York

287

+7

1975

 United States

Lou Graham[dd]

Medinah Country Club

Medinah, Illinois

287

+3

1976

 United States

Jerry Pate

Atlanta Athletic Club

Duluth, Georgia

277

−3

1977

 United States

Hubert Green

Southern Hills

Tulsa, Oklahoma

278

−2

1978

 United States

Andy North

Cherry Hills

Cherry Hills Village, Colorado

285

+1

1979

 United States

Hale Irwin

Inverness Club

Toledo, Ohio

284

E

1980

 United States

Jack Nicklaus

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

272

−8

1981

 Australia

David Graham

Merion Golf Club

Ardmore, Pennsylvania

273

−7

1982

 United States

Tom Watson

Pebble Beach

Pebble Beach, California

282

−6

1983

 United States

Larry Nelson

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

280

−4

1984

 United States

Fuzzy Zoeller[ee]

Winged Foot Golf Club

Mamaroneck, New York

276

−4

1985

 United States

Andy North

Oakland Hills

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

279

−1

1986

 United States

Raymond Floyd

Shinnecock Hills

Shinnecock Hills, New York

279

−1

1987

 United States

Scott Simpson

Olympic Club

San Francisco, California

277

−3

1988

 United States

Curtis Strange[ff]

The Country Club

Brookline, Massachusetts

278

−6

1989

 United States

Curtis Strange

Oak Hill Country Club

Rochester, New York

278

−2

1990

 United States

Hale Irwin[gg]

Medinah Country Club

Medinah, Illinois

280

−8

1991

 United States

Payne Stewart[hh]

Hazeltine National Golf Club

Chaska, Minnesota

282

−6

1992

 United States

Tom Kite

Pebble Beach

Pebble Beach, California

285

−3

1993

 United States

Lee Janzen

Baltusrol Golf Club

Springfield, New Jersey

272

−8

1994

 South Africa

Ernie Els[ii]

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

279

−5

1995

 United States

Corey Pavin

Shinnecock Hills

Shinnecock Hills, New York

280

E

1996

 United States

Steve Jones

Oakland Hills

Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

278

−2

1997

 South Africa

Ernie Els

Congressional Country Club

Bethesda, Maryland

276

−4

1998

 United States

Lee Janzen

Olympic Club

San Francisco, California

280

E

1999

 United States

Payne Stewart

Pinehurst Resort

Pinehurst, North Carolina

279

−1

2000

 United States

Tiger Woods

Pebble Beach

Pebble Beach, California

272

−12

2001

 South Africa

Retief Goosen[jj]

Southern Hills

Tulsa, Oklahoma

276

−4

2002

 United States

Tiger Woods

Bethpage Black

Farmingdale, New York

277

−3

2003

 United States

Jim Furyk

Olympia Fields

Olympia Fields, Illinois

272

−8

2004

 South Africa

Retief Goosen

Shinnecock Hills

Shinnecock Hills, New York

276

−4

2005

 New Zealand

Michael Campbell

Pinehurst Resort

Pinehurst, North Carolina

280

E

2006

 Australia

Geoff Ogilvy

Winged Foot Golf Club

Mamaroneck, New York

285

+5

2007

 Argentina

Ángel Cabrera

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

285

+5

2008

 United States

Tiger Woods[kk]

Torrey Pines

San Diego, California

283

−1

2009

 United States

Lucas Glover

Bethpage Black

Farmingdale, New York

276

−4

2010

 Northern Ireland

Graeme McDowell

Pebble Beach Golf Links

Pebble Beach, California

284

E

2011

 Northern Ireland

Rory McIlroy

Congressional Country Club

Bethesda, Maryland

268

−16

2012

 United States

Webb Simpson

Olympic Club

San Francisco, California

281

+1

2013

 England

Justin Rose

Merion Golf Club

Ardmore, Pennsylvania

281

+1

2014

 Germany

Martin Kaymer

Pinehurst Resort

Pinehurst, North Carolina

271

−9

2015

 United States

Jordan Spieth

Chambers Bay

University Place, Washington

275

−5

2016

 United States

Dustin Johnson

Oakmont Country Club

Oakmont, Pennsylvania

276

−4

2017

 United States

Brooks Koepka

Erin Hills

Erin, Wisconsin

272

−16

2018

 United States

Brooks Koepka

Shinnecock Hills

Shinnecock Hills, New York

281

+1

text: Multiple champions[edit]

text:
U.S. Open multiple champions

Golfer

Total

Years

 Willie Anderson (SCO)

4

1901, 1903, 1904, 1905

 Bobby Jones (a) (USA)

4

1923, 1926, 1929, 1930

 Ben Hogan (USA)

4

1948, 1950, 1951, 1953

 Jack Nicklaus (USA)

4

1962, 1967, 1972, 1980

 Hale Irwin (USA)

3

1974, 1979, 1990

 Tiger Woods (USA)

3

2000, 2002, 2008

 Alex Smith (SCO)

2

1906, 1910

 John McDermott (USA)

2

1911, 1912

 Walter Hagen (USA)

2

1914, 1919

 Gene Sarazen (USA)

2

1922, 1932

 Ralph Guldahl (USA)

2

1937, 1938

 Cary Middlecoff (USA)

2

1949, 1956

 Julius Boros (USA)

2

1952, 1963

 Billy Casper (USA)

2

1959, 1966

 Lee Trevino (USA)

2

1968, 1971

 Andy North (USA)

2

1978, 1985

 Curtis Strange (USA)

2

1988, 1989

 Ernie Els (RSA)

2

1994, 1997

 Lee Janzen (USA)

2

1993, 1998

 Payne Stewart (USA)

2

1991, 1999

 Retief Goosen (RSA)

2

2001, 2004

 Brooks Koepka (USA)

2

2017, 2018

text: Champions by nationality[edit]

text:
U.S. Open champions by nationality

Nationality

Wins

Winners

 United States

84

58

 Scotland

13

9

 England

7

7

 South Africa

5

3

 Jersey

2

2

 Australia

2

2

 Northern Ireland

2

2

 New Zealand

1

1

 Argentina

1

1

 Germany

1

1

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a  Par is a predetermined number of strokes that a golfer should require to complete a hole, a round (the sum of the total pars of the played holes), or a tournament (the sum of the total pars of each round). E stands for even, which means the tournament was completed in the predetermined number of strokes.
b  The Championship was played over 36 holes.
c  Willie Anderson won in a playoff against Alex Smith.
d  Willie Anderson won in a playoff against David Brown.
e  Fred McLeod won in a playoff against Willie Smith.
f  Alex Smith won in a playoff against John McDermott and Macdonald Smith.
g  John McDermott won in a playoff against Mike Brady and George Simpson.
h  Francis Ouimet won in a playoff against Harry Vardon and Ted Ray.
i  The U.S. Open was not held from 1917 to 1918 because of World War I.
j  Walter Hagen won in a playoff against Mike Brady.
k  Bobby Jones won in a playoff against Bobby Cruickshank.
l  Willie Macfarlane won in a playoff against Bobby Jones.
m  Tommy Armour won in a playoff against Harry Cooper.
n  Johnny Farrell won in a playoff against Bobby Jones.
o  Bobby Jones won in a playoff against Al Espinosa.
p  Billy Burke won in a playoff against George von Elm.
q  Byron Nelson won in a playoff against Craig Wood and Denny Shute.
r  Lawson Little won in a playoff against Gene Sarazen.
s  The U.S. Open was not held from 1942 to 1945 because of World War II.
t  Lloyd Mangrum won in a playoff against Vic Ghezzi and Byron Nelson.
u  Lew Worsham won in a playoff against Sam Snead.
v  Ben Hogan won in a playoff against Lloyd Mangrum and George Fazio.
w  Jack Fleck won in a playoff against Ben Hogan.
x  Dick Mayer won in a playoff against Cary Middlecoff.
y  Jack Nicklaus won in a playoff against Arnold Palmer.
z  Julius Boros won in a playoff against Jacky Cupit and Arnold Palmer.
aa  Gary Player won in a playoff against Kel Nagle.
bb  Billy Casper won in a playoff against Arnold Palmer.
cc  Lee Trevino won in a playoff against Jack Nicklaus.
dd  Lou Graham won in a playoff against John Mahaffey.
ee  Fuzzy Zoeller won in a playoff against Greg Norman.
ff  Curtis Strange won in a playoff against Nick Faldo.
gg  Hale Irwin won in a playoff against Mike Donald.
hh  Payne Stewart won in a playoff against Scott Simpson.
ii  Ernie Els won in a playoff against Loren Roberts and Colin Montgomerie.
jj  Retief Goosen won in a playoff against Mark Brooks.
kk  Tiger Woods won in a playoff against Rocco Mediate.

tag: ul


document_title: Cadenza

question_text: where does the cadenza usually occur in a concerto

text: Cadenza

text: In concerti[edit]

text: The term cadenza often refers to a portion of a concerto in which the orchestra stops playing, leaving the soloist to play alone in free time (without a strict, regular pulse) and can be written or improvised, depending on what the composer specifies. Sometimes, the cadenza will include small parts for other instruments besides the soloist; an example is in Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3, where a solo flute, clarinet and horn are used over rippling arpeggios in the piano. The cadenza normally occurs near the end of the first movement, though it can be at any point in a concerto. An example is Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto, where in the first five minutes a cadenza is used. The cadenza is usually the most elaborate and virtuosic part that the solo instrument plays during the whole piece. At the end of the cadenza, the orchestra re-enters, and generally finishes off the movement on their own, or, less often, with the solo instrument.

tag: p

text: As a vocal flourish[edit]

text: The cadenza was originally, and remains, a vocal flourish improvised by a performer to elaborate a cadence in an aria. It was later used in instrumental music, and soon became a standard part of the concerto. Originally, it was improvised in this context as well, but during the 19th century, composers began to write cadenzas out in full. Third parties also wrote cadenzas for works in which it was intended by the composer to be improvised, so the soloist could have a well formed solo that they could practice in advance. Some of these have become so widely played and sung that they are effectively part of the standard repertoire, as is the case with Joseph Joachim's cadenza for Johannes Brahms' Violin Concerto, Beethoven's set of cadenzas for Mozart's Piano Concerto no. 20, and Estelle Liebling's edition of cadenzas for operas such as Donizetti's's La fille du Régiment and Lucia di Lammermoor.

text: In jazz[edit]

text: Perhaps the most notable deviations from this tendency towards written (or absent) cadenzas are to be found in jazz, most often at the end of a ballad, though cadenzas in this genre are usually brief. Saxophonist John Coltrane, however, usually improvised an extended cadenza when performing "I Want To Talk About You", in which he showcased his predilections for scalar improvisation and multiphonics. The recorded examples of "I Want To Talk About You" (Live at Birdland and Afro-Blue Impressions) are approximately 8 minutes in length, with Coltrane's unaccompanied cadenza taking up approximately 3 minutes. More sardonically, Jazz critic Martin Williams once described Coltrane's improvisations on "Africa/Brass" as "essentially extended cadenzas to pieces that never get played."[5] Equally noteworthy is saxophonist Sonny Rollins' shorter improvised cadenza at the close of "Three Little Words" (Sonny Rollins on Impulse!).

text: Cadenzas are also found in instrumental solos with piano or other accompaniment, where they are placed near the beginning or near the end or sometimes in both places (e.g. "The Maid of the Mist," cornet solo by Herbert L. Clarke, or a more modern example: the end of "Think of Me", where Christine Daaé sings a short but involved cadenza, in Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera).

text: Notable examples of cadenzas[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Concertos are not the only pieces that feature cadenzas; Scena di Canta Gitano, the fourth movement of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Capriccio Espagnol, contains cadenzas for horns and trumpets, violin, flute, clarinet, and harp in its beginning section.
The second movement of Bach's third Brandenburg Concerto consists of just two chords; it is generally taken to indicate a cadenza to be improvised around that cadence.
The coloratura arias of bel canto composers Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, and Giacchino Rossini.
Mozart wrote a cadenza into the third and final movement of Piano Sonata in B-flat major, K. 333, which was an unusual (but not unique) choice at that time because the movement is otherwise in sonata-rondo form.
Beethoven's "Emperor" Concerto contains a notated cadenza.[1] It begins with a cadenza that is partly accompanied by the orchestra. Later in the first movement, the composer specifies that the soloist should play the music that is written out in the score, and not add a cadenza on one's own.
Beethoven famously included a cadenza-like solo for oboe in the recapitulation section of the first movement of his Symphony No. 5.
Tchaikovsky's first piano concerto is notable not only for having a cadenza within the first few minutes of the first movement, but also for having a second – substantially longer – cadenza in a more conventional place, near the end of the movement.
Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3, in which the first movement features a long and incredibly difficult toccata-like cadenza with an even longer alternative or ossia cadenza written in a heavier chordal style. Both cadenzas lead to an identical section with arpeggios in the piano and a solo flute accompanying, before the cadenza ends quietly.
Fritz Kreisler's cadenzas for the first and third movements of Beethoven's Violin Concerto.
Aaron Copland uses a cadenza in his Clarinet Concerto to connect the two movements.
Karlheinz Stockhausen composed five ensemble cadenzas in his wind quintet Zeitmaße (1955–56),[6] cadenzas for piccolo trumpet and piccolo in Luzifers Tanz (1983), and a cadenza for cor anglais in his trio Balance (2007)
Karol Szymanowski's two violin concertos both feature cadenzas written by the violinist who was intended to play them, Pawel Kochański.
In the third movement of Elgar's Violin Concerto, there is an unexpected cadenza in which the orchestra supports the solo with a pizzicato tremolando effect. ("cadenza accompagnato")
Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 for piano contains a "cadenza ad libitum", meaning it is at the pianist's discretion that such a cadenza is added.[1]
Pianists Chick Corea and Makoto Ozone incorporated jazz cadenzas into an otherwise traditional performance in Japan of the Mozart Double Piano Concerto.
Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade features numerous cadenzas for violin.
Mozart wrote a cadenza in his own Horn Concerto No. 3, towards the end of the first of three movements.
Sergei Prokofiev's second piano concerto contains a taxing five-minute cadenza that closes out the first movement.
Carlos Chávez's Violin Concerto has a seven-minute unaccompanied cadenza as the third of its five main sections, despite the fact that the soloist plays almost without a break throughout the rest of the 35-minute-long composition

text: Composed cadenzas[edit]

text: Composers who have written cadenzas for other performers in works not their own include:

text:
Carl Baermann's cadenza for the second movement of Mozart's Clarinet Concerto
Ludwig van Beethoven wrote cadenzas for Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor[1] first and third movements
Joseph Joachim wrote the cadenza for Brahms's Violin Concerto.[1]
Benjamin Britten wrote a cadenza for Haydn's Cello Concerto No. 1 in C for Mstislav Rostropovich.
David Johnstone wrote A Manual of Cadenzas and Cadences for Cello, pub. Creighton's Collection (2007).[7]
Wilhelm Kempff wrote cadenzas for Beethoven's first four piano concertos.
Clara Schumann wrote a cadenza for Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 3
Karlheinz Stockhausen composed cadenzas for two Mozart concerti for wind instruments (flute and clarinet), for Kathinka Pasveer and Suzanne Stephens, respectively.
Richard Strauss wrote a vocal cadenza in 1919 for soprano Elisabeth Schumann to sing in Mozart's solo motet Exsultate, jubilate. This cadenza was sung by Kathleen Battle in her recording.[8]
Friedrich Wührer composed and published cadenzas for Mozart's piano concerti in C Major, K. 467; C Minor, K. 491; and D Major, K. 537.[9]
Sergei Rachmaninoff wrote a cadenza for Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 and was recorded playing the piece with this cadenza in 1919.[10]
Alfred Schnittke wrote two cadenzas for Beethoven's Violin Concerto, of which the first includes musical quotations from violin concertos of Berg, Brahms, Bartók (Concertos No. 1 and No. 2), Shostakovich (Concerto No. 1), as well as from Beethoven's 7th Symphony.[11]
Fritz Kreisler composed a half polyphonic cadenza for Beethoven's Violin Concerto.[12]


document_title: The Magic of Belle Isle

question_text: where does the magic of belle isle take place

text: The Magic of Belle Isle

text: Plot[edit]

text: Monte Wildhorn (Freeman) is a famous Western novelist whose struggle to cope with the death of his wife six years earlier has sapped his passion for writing, and has caused him to begin drinking heavily. He takes a lakeside cabin for the summer in picturesque Belle Isle, and befriends the family next door—an attractive single mother (Madsen) and her young daughters, who help him find inspiration again.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Morgan Freeman as Monte Wildhorn
Virginia Madsen as Charlotte O'Neil
Emma Fuhrmann as Finnegan "Finn" O'Neil
Madeline Carroll as Willow O'Neil
Nicolette Pierini as Flora "Flor" O'Neil
Kenan Thompson as Henry
Kevin Pollak as Joe Viola
Fred Willard as Al Kaiser
Ash Christian as Carl Loop
Jessica Hecht as Karen Loop
Boyd Holbrook[2] as Luke Ford

text: Production[edit]

text: The Magic of Belle Isle was filmed in the village of Greenwood Lake, New York in July 2011.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Magic of Belle Isle received negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 30%, based on 33 reviews, with a rating of 4.9/10.[3] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 46 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[4]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 18 2012, and is currently available on Netflix Streaming.[5]