document_title: List of Tour de France general classification winners

question_text: when did the last frenchman win the tour de france

text: History[edit]

text: The Tour de France was established in 1903 by newspaper L'Auto, in an attempt to increase its sales. The first race was won by Frenchman Maurice Garin. He won again the next year, but was disqualified after allegations that he had been transported by car or rail arose. Henri Cornet became the winner after the dispute was settled; he is the youngest to win the Tour. Following the scandals in 1904, the scoring system was changed from being time-based to a points-based system, in which the cyclist who has the fewest points at the end of the race is victorious. This system lasted until 1912, when the time-based system was re-introduced. French cyclists were successful in the early Tours; the first non-Frenchman to win the Tour was François Faber of Luxembourg, who won in 1909.[8]

text: Belgian riders were more successful before and after the First World War (which suspended the Tour from 1915 to 1918). In the 1920s, trade teams dominated the Tour; cyclists such as Nicolas Frantz won the Tour with the Alcyon team. However, when Alcyon cyclist Maurice De Waele won the Tour in 1929 while ill, the organisers decided to introduce national teams the following year, to stop team tactics from undermining the race. Because of the Second World War, the Tour de France was suspended from 1940 to 1946.[9]

text: After the Second World War, no one dominated the Tour until Louison Bobet, who won three consecutive Tours from 1953 to 1955—he was the first person to achieve this feat.[10] This was bettered by the French cyclist Jacques Anquetil, who won four successive Tours from 1961 to 1964. Anquetil, who also won in 1957, became the first to win five Tours.[11] Anquetil's five victories were matched when Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx won four successive Tours from 1969 to 1972 and the 1974 Tour. Merckx is the only person to have won the general, points and king of the mountains classifications in the same Tour. He achieved this in 1969, when he won his first Tour.[12]

text: Merckx looked to be heading for a record sixth Tour victory in 1975, but Bernard Thévenet beat him, becoming the first French winner in seven years. Thévenet won again in 1977; however, he was eclipsed in following years by fellow Frenchman Bernard Hinault, who won consecutive Tours in 1978 and 1979. Hinault won the Tour at his first attempt in 1978; becoming one of 11 cyclists (including Anquetil, Merckx, Hugo Koblet and Fausto Coppi) managed to do so.[13] In 1980, Hinault was going for a third consecutive win, but had to pull out because of tendinitis, and the Tour was won by Joop Zoetemelk.[14] Hinault returned in 1981 and won that race as well as the one after that. Hinault sat out the Tour in 1983, and another Frenchman—Laurent Fignon—achieved victory. Fignon won again the following year, beating Hinault; Hinault recovered in 1985 to win his fifth Tour.

text: American Greg LeMond became the first non-European to win the Tour in 1986. LeMond missed out in 1987 and 1988, but returned in 1989 to win the Tour by finishing eight seconds ahead of Laurent Fignon, the smallest winning margin in the Tour's history. LeMond also won in 1990.[15] In 1991, Spaniard Miguel Indurain won his first Tour. Indurain came to dominate the Tour, winning four more Tours consecutively—making him the first person to win five consecutive Tours.[16] He tried to win a record-high sixth Tour in 1996, but was beaten by Bjarne Riis, who later admitted to using Erythropoietin.[17] Jan Ullrich and Marco Pantani won in 1997 and 1998, respectively; however, Pantani's victory was overshadowed by doping scandals.[18]

text: The 1999 Tour saw the first victory of Lance Armstrong,[19] which was followed by six more, for a total of seven consecutive victories.[20] He was stripped of his titles in October 2012, when it emerged he had used performance-enhancing drugs throughout much of his career, including the Tour de France victories.[4] Floyd Landis won the Tour in 2006, but was later stripped of his title, after a drug-control test demonstrated the presence of a skewed testosterone/epitestosterone ratio.[21] Óscar Pereiro was subsequently awarded the victory. Alberto Contador won the 2007 Tour with the Discovery Channel. The 2007 Tour was also marred by doping scandals, thus Contador was unable to defend his title in 2008, as his Astana team was banned for its part. Fellow Spaniard Carlos Sastre of Team CSC won.[22] Contador and Astana returned in 2009 to regain the title. He won the Tour again in 2010, but was later stripped of his title after he was found guilty of doping. Runner-up Andy Schleck was awarded the victory.

text: Cadel Evans became the first Australian to win the Tour in 2011.[23] The following year, Bradley Wiggins became the first British cyclist to win the Tour.[24] Chris Froome became the second successive British winner in 2013, which was the 100th edition of the race.[25] He could not defend his title the following year, as he crashed out in stage 5, with Vincenzo Nibali winning his first Tour.[26] Froome regained the title in 2015 and then successfully defended it in 2016, the first rider in over 20 years to do so.[7] He then backed it up with a third consecutive win in 2017.

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Key

Winner won points classification in the same year

*
Winner won mountains classification in the same year

#
Winner won young rider classification in the same year

Winner won points and mountains classification in the same year

text:
The "Year" column refers to the year the competition was held, and wikilinks to the article about that season.
The "Distance" column refers to the distance over which the race was held.
The "Margin" column refers to the margin of time or points by which the winner defeated the runner-up.
The "Stage wins" column refers to the number of stage wins the winner had during the race.

text:
Tour de France general classification winners

Year
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
Stages in lead

1903
 France
Garin, MauriceMaurice Garin
La Française
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
094 !94h 33' 14"
24921 !+ 2h 59' 21"
3
6

1904
 France
Garin, MauriceMaurice Garin Cornet, HenriHenri Cornet[E]
Conte
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
096 !96h 05' 55"
21614 !+ 2h 16' 14"
1
3

1905
 France
Trousselier, LouisLouis Trousselier
Peugeot–Wolber
2,994 km (1,860 mi)
35
26
5
10

1906
 France
Pottier, RenéRené Pottier
Peugeot–Wolber
4,637 km (2,881 mi)
31
8
5
12

1907
 France
Petit-Breton, LucienLucien Petit-Breton
Peugeot–Wolber
4,488 km (2,789 mi)
47
19
2
5

1908
 France
Petit-Breton, LucienLucien Petit-Breton
Peugeot–Wolber
4,497 km (2,794 mi)
36
32
5
13

1909
 Luxembourg
Faber, FrançoisFrançois Faber
Alcyon–Dunlop
4,498 km (2,795 mi)
37
20
6
13

1910
 France
Lapize, OctaveOctave Lapize
Alcyon–Dunlop
4,734 km (2,942 mi)
63
4
4
3

1911
 France
Garrigou, GustaveGustave Garrigou
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,343 km (3,320 mi)
43
18
2
13

1912
 Belgium
Defraye, OdileOdile Defraye
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,289 km (3,286 mi)
49
59
3
13

1913
 Belgium
Thys, PhilippePhilippe Thys
Peugeot–Wolber
5,287 km (3,285 mi)
197 !197h 54' 00"
00837 !+ 8' 37"
1
8

1914
 Belgium
Thys, PhilippePhilippe Thys
Peugeot–Wolber
5,380 km (3,340 mi)
200 !200h 28' 48"
00150 !+ 1' 50"
1
15

1915
World War I

1916

1917

1918

1919
 Belgium
Lambot, FirminFirmin Lambot
La Sportive
5,560 km (3,450 mi)
231 !231h 07' 15"
14254 !+ 1h 42' 54"
1
2

1920
 Belgium
Thys, PhilippePhilippe Thys
La Sportive
5,503 km (3,419 mi)
228 !228h 36' 13"
05721 !+ 57' 21"
4
14

1921
 Belgium
Scieur, LéonLéon Scieur
La Sportive
5,485 km (3,408 mi)
221 !221h 50' 26"
01836 !+ 18' 36"
2
14

1922
 Belgium
Lambot, FirminFirmin Lambot
Peugeot–Wolber
5,375 km (3,340 mi)
222 !222h 08' 06"
04115 !+ 41' 15"
0
3

1923
 France
Pélissier, HenriHenri Pélissier
Automoto–Hutchinson
5,386 km (3,347 mi)
222 !222h 15' 30"
03041 !+ 30 '41"
3
6

1924
 Italy
Bottecchia, OttavioOttavio Bottecchia
Automoto
5,425 km (3,371 mi)
226 !226h 18' 21"
03536 !+ 35' 36"
4
15

1925
 Italy
Bottecchia, OttavioOttavio Bottecchia
Automoto–Hutchinson
5,440 km (3,380 mi)
219 !219h 10' 18"
05420 !+ 54' 20"
4
13

1926
 Belgium
Buysse, LucienLucien Buysse
Automoto–Hutchinson
5,745 km (3,570 mi)
238 !238h 44' 25"
12225 !+ 1h 22' 25"
2
8

1927
 Luxembourg
Frantz, NicolasNicolas Frantz
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,398 km (3,354 mi)
198 !198h 16' 42"
14841 !+ 1h 48' 41"
3
14

1928
 Luxembourg
Frantz, NicolasNicolas Frantz
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,476 km (3,403 mi)
192 !192h 48' 58"
05007 !+ 50' 07"
5
22

1929
 Belgium
De Waele, MauriceMaurice De Waele
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,286 km (3,285 mi)
186 !186h 39' 15"
04423 !+44' 23"
1
16

1930
 France
Leducq, AndréAndré Leducq
Alcyon–Dunlop
4,822 km (2,996 mi)
172 !172h 12' 16"
01413 !+ 14' 13"
2
13

1931
 France
Magne, AntoninAntonin Magne
France
5,091 km (3,163 mi)
177 !177h 10' 03"
01256 !+ 12' 56"
1
16

1932
 France
Leducq, AndréAndré Leducq
France
4,479 km (2,783 mi)
154 !154h 11' 49"
02403 !+ 24' 03"
6
19

1933
 France
Speicher, GeorgesGeorges Speicher
France
4,395 km (2,731 mi)
147 !147h 51' 37"
00401 !+ 4' 01"
3
12

1934
 France
Magne, AntoninAntonin Magne
France
4,470 km (2,780 mi)
147 !147h 13' 58"
02731 !+ 27' 31"
3
22

1935
 Belgium
Maes, RomainRomain Maes
Belgium
4,338 km (2,696 mi)
141 !141h 23' 00"
01752 !+ 17' 52"
3
21

1936
 Belgium
Maes, SylvèreSylvère Maes
Belgium
4,442 km (2,760 mi)
142 !142h 47' 32"
02655 !+ 26' 55"
4
14

1937
 France
Lapébie, RogerRoger Lapébie
France
4,415 km (2,743 mi)
138 !138h 58' 31"
00717 !+ 7' 17"
3
4

1938
 Italy
Bartali, GinoGino Bartali*
Italy
4,694 km (2,917 mi)
148 !148h 29' 12"
01827 !+ 18' 27"
2
8

1939
 Belgium
Maes, SylvèreSylvère Maes*
Belgium
4,224 km (2,625 mi)
132 !132h 03' 17"
03038 !+ 30' 38"
2
4

1940
World War II

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947
 France
Robic, JeanJean Robic
France
4,642 km (2,884 mi)
148 !148h 11' 25"
00358 !+ 3' 58"
3
1

1948
 Italy
Bartali, GinoGino Bartali*
Italy
4,922 km (3,058 mi)
147 !147h 10' 36"
02616 !+ 26' 16"
7
9

1949
 Italy
Coppi, FaustoFausto Coppi*
Italy
4,808 km (2,988 mi)
149 !149h 40' 49"
01055 !+ 10' 55"
3
5

1950
  Switzerland
Kübler, FerdinandFerdinand Kübler
Switzerland
4,773 km (2,966 mi)
145 !145h 36' 56"
00930 !+ 9' 30"
3
11

1951
  Switzerland
Koblet, HugoHugo Koblet
Switzerland
4,690 km (2,910 mi)
142 !142h 20' 14"
02200 !+ 22' 00"
5
11

1952
 Italy
Coppi, FaustoFausto Coppi*
Italy
4,898 km (3,043 mi)
151 !151h 57' 20"
02817 !+ 28' 17"
5
14

1953
 France
Bobet, LouisonLouison Bobet
France
4,476 km (2,781 mi)
129 !129h 23' 25"
01418 !+ 14' 18"
2
5

1954
 France
Bobet, LouisonLouison Bobet
France
4,656 km (2,893 mi)
140 !140h 06' 05"
01549 !+ 15' 49"
3
14

1955
 France
Bobet, LouisonLouison Bobet
France
4,495 km (2,793 mi)
130 !130h 29' 26"
00453 !+ 4' 53"
2
6

1956
 France
Walkowiak, RogerRoger Walkowiak
France
4,498 km (2,795 mi)
124 !124h 01' 16"
00125 !+ 1' 25"
0
8

1957
 France
Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil
France
4,669 km (2,901 mi)
135 !135h 44' 42"
01456 !+ 14' 56"
4
15

1958
 Luxembourg
Gaul, CharlyCharly Gaul
Luxembourg
4,319 km (2,684 mi)
116 !116h 59' 05"
00310 !+ 3' 10"
4
2

1959
 Spain
Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes*
Spain
4,358 km (2,708 mi)
123 !123h 46' 45"
00401 !+ 4' 01"
1
6

1960
 Italy
Nencini, GastoneGastone Nencini
Italy
4,173 km (2,593 mi)
112 !112h 08' 42"
00502 !+ 5' 02"
0
14

1961
 France
Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil
France
4,397 km (2,732 mi)
122 !122h 01' 33"
01214 !+ 12' 14"
2
21

1962
 France
Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil
Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson
4,274 km (2,656 mi)
114 !114h 31' 54"
00459 !+ 4' 59"
2
3

1963
 France
Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil
Saint-Raphaël–Gitane–R. Geminiani
4,138 km (2,571 mi)
113 !113h 30' 05"
00335 !+ 3' 35"
4
5

1964
 France
Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil
Saint-Raphaël–Gitane–Dunlop
4,504 km (2,799 mi)
127 !127h 09' 44"
00055 !+ 55"
4
6

1965
 Italy
Gimondi, FeliceFelice Gimondi
Salvarani
4,188 km (2,602 mi)
116 !116h 42' 06"
00240 !+ 2' 40"
3
18

1966
 France
Aimar, LucienLucien Aimar
Ford France–Hutchinson
4,329 km (2,690 mi)
117 !117h 34' 21"
00107 !+ 1' 07"
0
6

1967
 France
Pingeon, RogerRoger Pingeon
Peugeot–BP–Michelin
4,779 km (2,970 mi)
136 !136h 53' 50"
00340 !+ 3' 40"
1
17

1968
 Netherlands
Janssen, JanJan Janssen
Pelforth–Sauvage–Lejeune
4,492 km (2,791 mi)
133 !133h 49' 42"
00038 !+ 38"
2
1

1969
 Belgium
Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx
Faema
4,117 km (2,558 mi)
116 !116h 16' 02"
01754 !+ 17' 54"
6
18

1970
 Belgium
Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx*
Faemino–Faema
4,254 km (2,643 mi)
119 !119h 31' 49"
01241 !+ 12' 41"
8
20

1971
 Belgium
Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx
Molteni
3,608 km (2,242 mi)
096 !96h 45' 14"
00951 !+ 9' 51"
4
17

1972
 Belgium
Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx
Molteni
3,846 km (2,390 mi)
108 !108h 17' 18"
01041 !+ 10' 41"
6
15

1973
 Spain
Ocaña, LuisLuis Ocaña
Bic
4,090 km (2,540 mi)
122 !122h 25' 34"
01551 !+ 15' 51"
6
14

1974
 Belgium
Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx
Molteni
4,098 km (2,546 mi)
116 !116h 16' 58"
00804 !+ 8' 04"
8
18

1975
 France
ThevenetBernard Thévenet
Peugeot–BP–Michelin
4,000 km (2,500 mi)
114 !114h 35' 31"
00247 !+ 2' 47"
2
8

1976
 Belgium
Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe
Gitane–Campagnolo
4,017 km (2,496 mi)
116 !116h 22' 23"
00414 !+ 4' 14"
1
12

1977
 France
ThevenetBernard Thévenet
Peugeot–Esso–Michelin
4,096 km (2,545 mi)
115 !115h 38' 30"
00048 !+ 48"
1
8

1978
 France
Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault
Renault–Gitane–Campagnolo
3,908 km (2,428 mi)
108 !108h 18' 00"
00356 !+ 3' 56"
3
3

1979
 France
Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault
Renault–Gitane
3,765 km (2,339 mi)
103 !103h 06' 50"
01307 !+ 13' 07"
7
17

1980
 Netherlands
Zoetemelk, JoopJoop Zoetemelk
TI–Raleigh–Creda
3,842 km (2,387 mi)
109 !109h 19' 14"
00655 !+ 6' 55"
2
10

1981
 France
Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault
Renault–Elf–Gitane
3,753 km (2,332 mi)
096 !96h 19' 38"
01434 !+ 14' 34"
5
18

1982
 France
Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault
Renault–Elf–Gitane
3,507 km (2,179 mi)
092 !92h 08' 46"
00621 !+ 6' 21"
4
12

1983
 France
Fignon, LaurentLaurent Fignon#
Renault–Elf
3,809 km (2,367 mi)
105 !105h 07' 52"
00404 !+ 4' 04"
1
6

1984
 France
Fignon, LaurentLaurent Fignon
Renault–Elf
4,021 km (2,499 mi)
112 !112h 03' 40"
01032 !+ 10' 32"
5
7

1985
 France
Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault
La Vie Claire
4,109 km (2,553 mi)
113 !113h 24' 23"
00142 !+ 1' 42"
2
16

1986
 United States
LeMond, GregGreg LeMond
La Vie Claire
4,094 km (2,544 mi)
110 !110h 35' 19"
00310 !+ 3' 10"
1
7

1987
 Ireland
Roche, StephenStephen Roche
Carrera Jeans–Vagabond
4,231 km (2,629 mi)
115 !115h 27' 42"
00040 !+ 40"
1
3

1988
 Spain
Delgado, PedroPedro Delgado
Reynolds
3,286 km (2,042 mi)
084 !84h 27' 53"
00713 !+ 7' 13"
1
11

1989
 United States
LeMond, GregGreg LeMond
AD Renting–W-Cup–Bottecchia
3,285 km (2,041 mi)
087 !87h 38' 35"
00008 !+ 8"
3
8

1990
 United States
LeMond, GregGreg LeMond
Z–Tomasso
3,504 km (2,177 mi)
090 !90h 43' 20"
00216 !+ 2' 16"
0
2

1991
 Spain
Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain
Banesto
3,914 km (2,432 mi)
101 !101h 01' 20"
00336 !+ 3' 36"
2
10

1992
 Spain
Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain
Banesto
3,983 km (2,475 mi)
100 !100h 49' 30"
00435 !+ 4' 35"
3
10

1993
 Spain
Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain
Banesto
3,714 km (2,308 mi)
095 !95h 57' 09"
00459 !+ 4' 59"
2
14

1994
 Spain
Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain
Banesto
3,978 km (2,472 mi)
103 !103h 38' 38"
00539 !+ 5' 39"
1
13

1995
 Spain
Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain
Banesto
3,635 km (2,259 mi)
092 !92h 44' 59"
00435 !+ 4' 35"
2
13

1996
 Denmark
Riis, BjarneBjarne Riis[A]
Team Telekom
3,765 km (2,339 mi)
095 !95h 57' 16"
00141 !+ 1' 41"
2
13

1997
 Germany
Ullrich, JanJan Ullrich#
Team Telekom
3,950 km (2,450 mi)
100 !100h 30' 35"
00909 !+ 9' 09"
2
12

1998
 Italy
Pantani, MarcoMarco Pantani
Mercatone Uno–Bianchi
3,875 km (2,408 mi)
092 !92h 49' 46"
00321 !+ 3' 21"
2
7

1999[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
U.S. Postal Service
3,687 km (2,291 mi)
091 !91h 32' 16"
00737 !+ 7' 37"
4
15

2000[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
U.S. Postal Service
3,662 km (2,275 mi)
092 !92h 33' 08"
00602 !+ 6' 02"
1
12

2001[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
U.S. Postal Service
3,458 km (2,149 mi)
086 !86h 17' 28"
00644 !+ 6' 44"
4
8

2002[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
U.S. Postal Service
3,272 km (2,033 mi)
082 !82h 05' 12"
00717 !+ 7' 17"
4
11

2003[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
U.S. Postal Service
3,427 km (2,129 mi)
083 !83h 41' 12"
00101 !+ 1' 01"
1
13

2004[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
U.S. Postal Service
3,391 km (2,107 mi)
083 !83h 36' 02"
00619 !+ 6' 19"
5
7

2005[B]
 United States
Armstrong, LanceLance Armstrong
Discovery Channel
3,593 km (2,233 mi)
086 !86h 15' 02"
00440 !+ 4' 40"
1
17

2006
 Spain
Landis, FloydFloyd Landis Pereiro, ÓscarÓscar Pereiro[C]
Caisse d'Epargne–Illes Balears
3,657 km (2,272 mi)
089 !89h 40' 27"
00032 !+ 32"
0
8

2007
 Spain
Contador, AlbertoAlberto Contador#
Discovery Channel
3,570 km (2,220 mi)
091 !91h 00' 26"
00023 !+ 23"
1
4

2008
 Spain
Sastre, CarlosCarlos Sastre*
Team CSC
3,559 km (2,211 mi)
087 !87h 52' 52"
00058 !+ 58"
1
5

2009
 Spain
Contador, AlbertoAlberto Contador
Astana
3,459 km (2,149 mi)
085 !85h 48' 35"
00411 !+ 4' 11"
2
7

2010
 Luxembourg
Contador, AlbertoAlberto Contador Schleck, AndyAndy Schleck#[D]
Team Saxo Bank
3,642 km (2,263 mi)
091 !91h 59' 27"
00122 !+ 1' 22"
2
12

2011
 Australia
Evans, CadelCadel Evans
BMC Racing Team
3,430 km (2,130 mi)
086 !86h 12' 22"
00134 !+ 1' 34"
1
2

2012
 Great Britain
Wiggins, BradleyBradley Wiggins
Team Sky
3,496 km (2,172 mi)
087 !87h 34' 47"
00321 !+ 3' 21"
2
14

2013
 Great Britain
Froome, ChrisChris Froome
Team Sky
3,404 km (2,115 mi)
083 !83h 56' 20"
00420 !+ 4' 20"
3
14

2014
 Italy
Nibali, VincenzoVincenzo Nibali
Astana
3,660.5 km (2,274.5 mi)
089 !89h 59' 06"
00737 !+ 7' 37"
4
19

2015
 Great Britain
Froome, ChrisChris Froome*
Team Sky
3,360.3 km (2,088.0 mi)
084 !84h 46' 14"
00112 !+ 1' 12"
1
16

2016
 Great Britain
Froome, ChrisChris Froome
Team Sky
3,529 km (2,193 mi)
089 !89h 04' 48"
00405 !+ 4' 05"
2
14

2017
 Great Britain
Froome, ChrisChris Froome
Team Sky
3,540 km (2,200 mi)
086 !86h 20' 55"
00054 !+ 54"
0
15

text: Multiple winners[edit]

text: The following riders have won the Tour de France on 2 or more occasions. Since the retirement of twice winner Alberto Contador in 2017, the only active rider on the list as of that year is Chris Froome, currently with 4 wins. Contador had originally won three Tours, but was stripped of one following an anti-doping violation[D].

text: Lance Armstrong was removed from the head of the list after having all seven of his Tour victories stripped when he was found guilty of repeated doping offences. Had his tainted Tour victories been reallocated (as were the victories of Floyd Landis and Contador) to the second placed rider in each race, Jan Ullrich would have joined the list with 4 Tour wins. However, the race organisers ASO have decided not to reallocate the titles won in those years, in recognition of the historic doping problem in the sport at that time - Ullrich himself having been banned for a doping violation. Ullrich, therefore, has a single Tour victory to his name.

text:
Multiple winners of the Tour de France general classification

Cyclist
Total
Years

 Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil (FRA)
5
1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964

 Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx (BEL)
5
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974

 Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault (FRA)
5
1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985

 Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain (ESP)
5
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995

 Froome, ChrisChris Froome (GBR)
4
2013, 2015, 2016, 2017

 Thys, PhilippePhilippe Thys (BEL)
3
1913, 1914, 1920

 Bobet, LouisonLouison Bobet (FRA)
3
1953, 1954, 1955

 LeMond, GregGreg LeMond (USA)
3
1986, 1989, 1990

 Petit-Breton, LucienLucien Petit-Breton (FRA)
2
1907, 1908

 Lambot, FirminFirmin Lambot (BEL)
2
1919, 1922

 Bottecchia, OttavioOttavio Bottecchia (ITA)
2
1924, 1925

 Frantz, NicolasNicolas Frantz (LUX)
2
1927, 1928

 Leducq, AndréAndré Leducq (FRA)
2
1930, 1932

 Magne, AntoninAntonin Magne (FRA)
2
1931, 1934

 Maes, SylvèreSylvère Maes (BEL)
2
1936, 1939

 Bartali, GinoGino Bartali (ITA)
2
1938, 1948

 Coppi, FaustoFausto Coppi (ITA)
2
1949, 1952

 Thévenet, BernardBernard Thévenet (FRA)
2
1975, 1977

 Fignon, LaurentLaurent Fignon (FRA)
2
1983, 1984

 Contador, AlbertoAlberto Contador (ESP)[D]
2
2007, 2009

text: By nationality[edit]

text:
Tour de France general classification winners by nationality

Country
No. of winning cyclists
No. of wins

 France
23
36

 Belgium
10
18

 Spain[D]
7
12

 Italy
7
10

 Luxembourg
4
5

 Great Britain
2
5

 United States[B][C]
1
3

 Netherlands
2
2

  Switzerland
2
2

 Denmark
1
1

 Germany
1
1

 Ireland
1
1

 Australia
1
1

text: Footnotes[edit]

text: A. ^ Bjarne Riis has admitted to doping during the 1996 Tour de France. The organizers of the Tour de France have stated that they no longer consider him to be the winner, although Union Cycliste Internationale has so far refused to change the official status due to the amount of time passed since his win. Jan Ullrich was placed second on the podium in Paris.[27]

text: B. a b c d e f g h Lance Armstrong was declared winner of seven consecutive Tours from 1999 to 2005. However, in October 2012 he was stripped of all titles by the UCI due to the use of performance-enhancing drugs. The Tour director Christian Prudhomme had previously declared that if this happened, there would be no alternate winners for those years, but this has not yet been made official.[28]

text: C. a b Floyd Landis was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2006 Tour, but subsequently was found to have tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during stage 17 of the race. The United States Anti-Doping Agency found him guilty of using synthetic testosterone during the race and stripped him of his title on 20 September 2007.[29]

text: D. a b c Alberto Contador was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2010 Tour, but subsequently was found to have tested positive for the prohibited substance Clenbuterol on a rest day. The Court of Arbitration for Sport found him guilty of using clenbuterol during the race and stripped him of his title on 6 February 2012.[30]

text: E. ^ Henri Cornet was declared the winner after the disqualification of Maurice Garin for cheating.


document_title: Resignation from the United States Senate

question_text: when was the last time a us senator resigned

root

text: A member of the United States Senate can resign by writing a letter of resignation to the governor of the state that the senator represents.[citation needed] Whenever a senator needs to be appointed or elected, the Secretary of the Senate mails one of three forms to the state's governor to inform them of the proper wording to certify the appointment of a new Senator.[1]

tag: p

text: The first resignation from the Senate was that of William Paterson of New Jersey on November 13, 1790, who resigned in order to accept the office of Governor of New Jersey.[citation needed] His resignation was only the third time a person ceased to hold a seat in the Senate, which had first convened during the preceding year, 1789. The earlier ones resulted from the death of Senator William Grayson of Virginia, and the expiration of the term of the temporary senator John Walker of Virginia, who was appointed by the Governor of Virginia to hold that office until a successor could be elected in November.[citation needed]

text: Before 1796, eight senators resigned. Nine senators resigned during that year – a record high number that stands to this day.[citation needed] Most resignations have been motivated either by declining health or a decision to accept another office.[citation needed] Sixteen persons have resigned from the Senate twice and two have resigned three times.[citation needed]

text: List of resignations by date[edit]

text:
Name
State
Date of resignation
Notes

William Paterson
New Jersey
November 13, 1790
Resigned to become Governor of New Jersey

Samuel Johnson
Connecticut
March 3, 1791

Richard Lee
Virginia
October 8, 1792

Charles Carroll
Maryland
November 30, 1792

George Read
Delaware
September 18, 1793

James Monroe
Virginia
March 27, 1794

John Taylor of Caroline
Virginia
May 11, 1794

James Jackson
Georgia
November 16, 1795

Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut
March 8, 1796

Rufus King
New York
May 23, 1796

Caleb Strong
Massachusetts
June 1, 1796

George Cabot
Massachusetts
June 9, 1796

Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.
Connecticut
June 10, 1796

Moses Robinson
Vermont
October 15, 1796

Richard Potts
Maryland
October 24, 1796

Pierce Butler
South Carolina
October 25, 1796

Frederick Frelinghuysen
New Jersey
November 12, 1796

William Cocke
Tennessee
September 26, 1797

William Bradford
Rhode Island
October ??, 1797

Isaac Tichenor
Vermont
October 17, 1797
Resigned to become Governor of Vermont[2]

John Henry
Maryland
December 10, 1797

Philip Schuyler
New York
January 3, 1798

John Vining
Delaware
January 19, 1798

Andrew Jackson
Tennessee
April 1, 1798

John Sloss Hobart
New York
April 16, 1798

John Hunter
South Carolina
November 26, 1798

John Rutherfurd
New Jersey
December 5, 1798

Joseph Anderson
Tennessee
March 3, 1799

Samuel Dexter
Massachusetts
May 30, 1800
Resigned to take office as United States Secretary of War[3]

John Laurance
New York
August 1, 1800

Benjamin Goodhue
Massachusetts
November 8, 1800

James Lloyd
Maryland
December 1, 1800

James Schureman
New Jersey
February 16, 1801

Henry Latimer
Delaware
February 28, 1801

Ray Greene
Rhode Island
March 5, 1801

Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
June 6, 1801

Samuel Livermore
New Hampshire
June 12, 1801

Elijah Paine
Vermont
September 1, 1801

John Armstrong, Jr.
New York
February 5, 1802

James Sheafe
New Hampshire
June 14, 1802

Dwight Foster
Massachusetts
March 2, 1803

DeWitt Clinton
New York
November 4, 1803

Theodorus Bailey
New York
January 16, 1804

John Armstrong, Jr.
New York
February 23, 1804

Abraham Venable
Virginia
June 7, 1804

John Armstrong, Jr.
New York
June 30, 1804

William Wells
Delaware
November 6, 1804

William Giles
Virginia
December 3, 1804

Andrew Moore
Virginia
December 3, 1804

John Breckinridge
Kentucky
August 7, 1805

Robert Wright
Maryland
November 12, 1806

John Adair
Kentucky
November 18, 1806

David Stone
North Carolina
February 17, 1807

James Fenner
Rhode Island
September ??, 1807

Israel Smith
Vermont
October 1, 1807

John Smith
Ohio
April 25, 1808
Resigned after being indicted but not expelled in a 19–10 vote[4]

Quincy Adams
Massachusetts
June 8, 1808

Samuel Maclay
Pennsylvania
January 4, 1809

Aaron Kitchell
New Jersey
March 3, 1809

Daniel Smith
Tennessee
March 31, 1809

John Milledge
Georgia
November 14, 1809

Buckner Thruston
Kentucky
December 18, 1809

Nahum Parker
New Hampshire
June 1, 1810

James Hillhouse
Connecticut
June 10, 1810

Return Meigs, Jr.
Ohio
December 8, 1810

Thomas Sumter
South Carolina
December 16, 1810

Jenkin Whiteside
Tennessee
October 8, 1811

Christopher Champlin
Rhode Island
October 12, 1811

Jean Noel Destréan
Louisiana
October 1, 1812

James Bayard
Delaware
March 3, 1813

Dudley Chase
Vermont
March 3, 1813

William Crawford
Georgia
March 23, 1813

James Lloyd
Massachusetts
May 1, 1813

Chauncey Goodrich
Connecticut
May 13, 1813

George Campbell
Tennessee
February 11, 1814

Michael Leib
Pennsylvania
February 14, 1814

George Bibb
Kentucky
August 23, 1814

Thomas Worthington
Ohio
December 1, 1814

Jesse Bledsoe
Kentucky
December 24, 1814

David Stone
North Carolina
December 24, 1814

William Giles
Virginia
March 3, 1815

Francis Locke
North Carolina
December 5, 1815

William Barry
Kentucky
May 1, 1816

Christopher Gore
Massachusetts
May 30, 1816

John Taylor
South Carolina
November ??, 1816

Wyatt Bibb
Georgia
November 9, 1816

James Turner
North Carolina
November 21, 1816

Goodloe Harper
Maryland
December 6, 1816

Jeremiah Mason
New Hampshire
June 16, 1817

James Fisk
Vermont
January 8, 1818

George Campbell
Tennessee
April 20, 1818

Eli Ashmun
Massachusetts
May 10, 1818

George Troup
Georgia
September 23, 1818

John Forsyth
Georgia
February 17, 1819

John Crittenden
Kentucky
March 3, 1819

John Eppes
Virginia
December 4, 1819

Prentis Mellen
Massachusetts
May 15, 1820

Walter Leake
Mississippi
May 15, 1820

William Logan
Kentucky
May 28, 1820

James Wilson
New Jersey
January 8, 1821

Freeman Walker
Georgia
August 6, 1821

Gray Otis
Massachusetts
May 30, 1822

Williams Walker
Alabama
December 12, 1822

James Pleasants
Virginia
December 15, 1822

Caesar Rodney
Delaware
January 29, 1823

Samuel Southard
New Jersey
March 3, 1823

James Brown
Louisiana
December 10, 1823

Ninian Edwards
Illinois
March 3, 1824

Henry Johnson
Louisiana
May 27, 1824

James Barbour
Virginia
March 7, 1825

David Holmes
Mississippi
September 25, 1825

Andrew Jackson
Tennessee
October 14, 1825

James DeWolf
Rhode Island
October 31, 1825

Edward Lloyd
Maryland
January 14, 1826

James Lloyd
Massachusetts
May 23, 1826

Henry Harrison
Ohio
May 20, 1828

Albion Parris
Maine
August 26, 1828

Thomas Cobb
Georgia
November 7, 1828

Nathaniel Macon
North Carolina
December 14, 1828

Ephraim Bateman
New Jersey
January 12, 1829

Mahlon Dickerson
New Jersey
January 30, 1829

John Berrien
Georgia
March 9, 1829

John Branch
North Carolina
March 9, 1829

John Eaton
Tennessee
March 9, 1829

Louis McLane
Delaware
April 16, 1829

Edward Livingston
Louisiana
May 24, 1831

Issac Barnard
Pennsylvania
December 6, 1831

Powhatan Ellis
Mississippi
July 16, 1832

Littleton Tazewell
Virginia
July 16, 1832

Robert Hayne
South Carolina
December 13, 1832

William Marcy
New York
January 1, 1833

George Troup
Georgia
November 8, 1833

William Rives
Virginia
February 22, 1834

John Forsyth
Georgia
June 27, 1834

Ezekiel Chambers
Maryland
December 20, 1834

Peleg Sprague
Maine
January 1, 1835

Charles Gayarré
Louisiana
January ??, 1836

John Tyler
Virginia
February 29, 1836

Ether Shepley
Maine
March 3, 1836

Willie Mangum
North Carolina
March 19, 1836

Isaac Hill
New Hampshire
May 30, 1836

Arnold Naudain
Delaware
June 16, 1836

Benjamin Leigh
Virginia
July 4, 1836

John Clayton
Delaware
December 29, 1836

Alexander Porter
Louisiana
January 5, 1837

Richard Parker
Virginia
March 13, 1837

John McKinley
Alabama
April 22, 1837

Pendleton King
Georgia
November 1, 1837

John Black
Mississippi
January 22, 1838

Felix Grundy
Tennessee
July 4, 1838

James Trotter
Mississippi
July 10, 1838

Ephraim Foster
Tennessee
March 3, 1839

Richard Bayard
Delaware
September 19, 1839

Lawson White
Tennessee
January 13, 1840

Robert Strange
North Carolina
November 16, 1840

Bedford Brown
North Carolina
November 16, 1840

John Davis
Massachusetts
January 5, 1841

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts
February 22, 1841
Resigned to become United States Secretary of State[5]

Comer Clay
Alabama
November 15, 1841

Franklin Pierce
New Hampshire
February 28, 1842

Alexander Mouton
Louisiana
March 1, 1842

Henry Clay
Kentucky
March 31, 1842

Samuel Prentiss
Vermont
April 11, 1842

Samuel Southard
New Jersey
June 26, 1842

Reuel Williams
Maine
February 15, 1843

John Calhoun
South Carolina
March 3, 1843

William Sprague
Rhode Island
January 17, 1844

William King
Alabama
April 15, 1844

Nathaniel Tallmadge
New York
June 17, 1844

Silas Wright, Jr.
New York
November 26, 1844

John Berrien
Georgia
March 1, 1845

Elliot Huger
South Carolina
March 3, 1845

Levi Woodbury
New Hampshire
September 20, 1845

William Haywood, Jr.
North Carolina
July 25, 1846

Walter Colquitt
Georgia
February 4, 1848

Ambrose Sevier
Arkansas
March 15, 1848

Lewis Cass
Michigan
May 29, 1848

John Crittenden
Kentucky
June 12, 1848

Arthur Bagby
Alabama
June 16, 1848

John Clayton
Delaware
February 2, 1849

Reverdy Johnson
Maryland
March 7, 1849

Daniel Webster
Massachusetts
July 22, 1850
Resigned again to again take office as United States Secretary of State[6]

Jefferson Davis
Mississippi
September 23, 1851
Resigned to run for Governor of Mississippi

Robert Rhett
South Carolina
May 7, 1852

John Berrien
Georgia
May 28, 1852

William King
Alabama
December 20, 1852

Robert Stockton
New Jersey
January 10, 1853

Solon Borland
Arkansas
April 11, 1853

Pierre Soulé
Louisiana
April 11, 1853

Edward Everett
Massachusetts
June 1, 1854

Augustus Dodge
Iowa
February 22, 1855

Hannibal Hamlin
Maine
January 7, 1857
Resigned to become Governor of Maine

Asa Biggs
North Carolina
May 5, 1858

Hannibal Hamlin
Maine
January 17, 1861
Resigned to become Vice President of the United States

Jefferson Davis
Mississippi
January 21, 1861
Became president of the Confederacy

John Slidell
Louisiana
February 4, 1861

Thomas Bragg
North Carolina
March 6, 1861

Salmon Chase
Ohio
March 6, 1861

Thomas Clingman
North Carolina
March 11, 1861

Andrew Johnson
Tennessee
March 4, 1862

James Simmons
Rhode Island
August 15, 1862
Resigned after a case for explusion was declined[7]

Waitman Willey
Virginia
March 3, 1863

James Bayard, Jr.
Delaware
January 29, 1864
Resigned in protest of new Senate Loyalty Oath[8]

William Fessenden
Maine
July 1, 1864

James Harlan
Iowa
May 15, 1865

Daniel Clark
New Hampshire
July 27, 1866

James Guthrie
Kentucky
February 7, 1868

Reverdy Johnson
Maryland
July 10, 1868

James Grimes
Iowa
December 6, 1869

Charles Drake
Missouri
December 19, 1870

William Kellogg
Louisiana
November 1, 1872

Henry Wilson
Massachusetts
March 3, 1873

Alexander Caldwell
Kansas
March 24, 1873

Eugene Casserly
California
November 29, 1873

Adelbert Ames
Mississippi
January 4, 1874

Lot Morrill
Maine
July 7, 1876

John Sherman
Ohio
March 8, 1877
Resigned to take office as United States Secretary of the Treasury[3]

Isaac Christiancy
Michigan
February 10, 1879

Brown Gordon
Georgia
May 26, 1880

James G. Blaine
Maine
March 5, 1881

Samuel Kirkwood
Iowa
March 7, 1881

William Windom
Minnesota
March 7, 1881

Thomas Platt
New York
May 16, 1881
Resigned in support of fellow Senator Conkling's protest[9]

Roscoe Conkling
New York
May 16, 1881
Resigned in protest of the appointment of a New York City customs collector by President James A. Garfield[9]

Henry Teller
Colorado
April 17, 1882

Augustus Garland
Arkansas
March 6, 1885

Thomas Bayard
Delaware
March 6, 1885

Howell Jackson
Tennessee
April 14, 1886

Jonathan Chace
Rhode Island
April 9, 1889

John Henninger Reagan
Texas
June 10, 1891
Resigned to take office as the chairman of the Railroad Commission of Texas[10]

John Carlisle
Kentucky
February 4, 1893

Edward White
Louisiana
March 12, 1894

John Sherman
Ohio
March 4, 1897

William Clark
Montana
May 15, 1900

Charles Fairbanks
Indiana
March 3, 1905

Joseph Burton
Kansas
June 4, 1906
Resigned following corruption charges (Burton v. United States)[11]

Coit Spooner
Wisconsin
April 30, 1907

Philander Knox
Pennsylvania
March 4, 1909

Fountain Thompson
North Dakota
January 31, 1910

Joseph Terrell
Georgia
July 14, 1911

Weldon Bailey
Texas
January 3, 1913

Warren G. Harding
Ohio
January 13, 1921
First President of the United States to be elected during his term as a Senator

John Nugent
Idaho
January 14, 1921

Albert Fall
New Mexico
March 4, 1921

Josiah Wolcott
Delaware
July 2, 1921

William Kenyon
Iowa
February 24, 1922

Truman Newberry
Michigan
November 18, 1922[11]
Resigned after being condemned for violating campaign financing rules[12]

Frank Smith
Illinois
December 7, 1926

T. Coleman du Pont
Delaware
December 8, 1928

Charles Curtis
Kansas
March 3, 1929

Evans Edge
New Jersey
November 21, 1929

Fred Sackett
Kentucky
January 9, 1930

Cordell Hull
Tennessee
March 3, 1933

Claude Swanson
Virginia
March 3, 1933

Sam Bratton
New Mexico
June 24, 1933

Hugo Black
Alabama
August 19, 1937

Bibb Graves
Alabama
January 10, 1938

Harry Moore
New Jersey
January 17, 1938

Frederick Steiwer
Oregon
January 31, 1938

Gibbs McAdoo
California
November 8, 1938

Matthew Neely
West Virginia
January 12, 1941

John Miller
Arkansas
March 31, 1941

James Byrnes
South Carolina
July 8, 1941

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
Massachusetts
February 3, 1944

Homer Bone
Washington
November 13, 1944

Sinclair Weeks
Massachusetts
December 19, 1944

Monrad Wallgren
Washington
January 9, 1945

Harry Truman
Missouri
January 17, 1945
Resigned to become Vice President of the United States

Harold Burton
Ohio
September 30, 1945

Happy Chandler
Kentucky
November 1, 1945

Warren Austin
Vermont
August 2, 1946

Hugh Mitchell
Washington
December 25, 1946

Vera Bushfield
South Dakota
December 26, 1948

Alben Barkley
Kentucky
January 19, 1949

Robert Wagner
New York
June 28, 1949

Howard McGrath
Rhode Island
August 23, 1949

Raymond Baldwin
Connecticut
December 16, 1949

Sheridan Downey
California
November 30, 1950

Ralph Brewster
Maine
December 31, 1952

Richard Nixon
California
January 1, 1953
Resigned to become Vice President of the United States

Charles Daniel
South Carolina
December 23, 1954

Hazel Abel
Nebraska
December 31, 1954

Strom Thurmond
South Carolina
April 4, 1956[13]

Price Daniel
Texas
January 14, 1957[14]

John F. Kennedy
Massachusetts
December 22, 1960
Resigned to take office as President of the United States[15]

Lyndon Johnson
Texas
January 3, 1961[16]
Resigned to take office as Vice President of the United States[15]

Hubert Humphrey
Minnesota
December 29, 1964
Resigned to take office as Vice President of the United States

Pierre Salinger
California
December 31, 1964

Harry Byrd
Virginia
November 10, 1965

John Williams
Delaware
December 31, 1970

George Murphy
California
January 2, 1971

William Saxbe
Ohio
January 3, 1974

Alan Bible
Nevada
December 17, 1974

Wallace Bennett
Utah
December 20, 1974

Howard Metzenbaum
Ohio
December 23, 1974

Marlow Cook
Kentucky
December 27, 1974

J. William Fulbright
Arkansas
December 31, 1974

Edward Gurney
Florida
December 31, 1974

Sam Ervin
North Carolina
December 31, 1974

Stuart Symington
Missouri
December 27, 1976

John Pastore
Rhode Island
December 28, 1976

Walter Mondale
Minnesota
December 30, 1976[17]
Resigned to take office as Vice President of the United States

Paul Hatfield
Montana
December 12, 1978

James Pearson
Kansas
December 23, 1978

Wendell Anderson
Minnesota
December 29, 1978

Clifford Hansen
Wyoming
December 31, 1978

Edmund Muskie
Maine
May 7, 1980
Resigned to take office as United States Secretary of State[3]

John Durkin
New Hampshire
December 29, 1980

Richard Stone
Florida
December 31, 1980

Harrison Williams
New Jersey
March 11, 1982[11]

Paul Tsongas
Massachusetts
January 2, 1985

David Karnes
Nebraska
December 8, 1988

Dan Quayle
Indiana
January 3, 1989
Resigned to take office as Vice President of the United States

Gordon Humphrey
New Hampshire
December 4, 1990

Pete Wilson
California
January 7, 1991
Resigned to take office as Governor of California

Kent Conrad
North Dakota
December 14, 1992

Al Gore
Tennessee
January 2, 1993
Resigned to take office as Vice President of the United States.

Lloyd Bentsen
Texas
January 20, 1993
Resigned to take office as United States Secretary of the Treasury[3]

David Boren
Oklahoma
December 15, 1994

Bob Packwood
Oregon
October 1, 1995

Bob Dole
Kansas
June 11, 1996
Resigned to run for President of the United States[18]

Frank Murkowski
Alaska
December 2, 2002
Resigned to become Governor of Alaska

Jon Corzine
New Jersey
January 17, 2006
Resigned to become Governor of New Jersey

Trent Lott
Mississippi
December 18, 2007

Barack Obama
Illinois
November 16, 2008[19]
Resigned to take office as President of the United States

Joe Biden
Delaware
January 15, 2009
Resigned to become Vice President of the United States

Ken Salazar
Colorado
January 20, 2009
Resigned to become United States Secretary of the Interior

Hillary Clinton
New York
January 21, 2009
Resigned to become Secretary of State.[20]

Mel Martínez
Florida
September 9, 2009

John Ensign
Nevada
March 3, 2011

Jim DeMint
South Carolina
January 1, 2013

John Kerry
Massachusetts
February 1, 2013
Resigned to become Secretary of State

Max Baucus
Montana
February 6, 2014
Resigned to become Ambassador to China

Tom Coburn
Oklahoma
January 3, 2015

Jeff Sessions
Alabama
February 8, 2017
Resigned to become Attorney General

Al Franken
Minnesota
January 2, 2018[21][22]
Resigned after allegations of sexual harassment. He said he expected that an investigation would clear him but he could not do his job and undergo investigation at the same time.

tag: table


document_title: Britain's Got Talent

question_text: where is britain's got talent semi finals held

question_tokens: where is britain 's got talent semi finals held

text: Britain's Got Talent

text: History[edit]

text: The show's format was devised by X Factor creator and Sony Music executive, Simon Cowell, who was involved in the creation of other Got Talent programmes across several different countries. To showcase his idea, a pilot episode was filmed in September 2005, with the judging panel consisting of Cowel, then-This Morning presenter Fern Britton, and tabloid journalist Piers Morgan;[4] the pilot was not broadcast on television until it was shown as part of a documentary series entitled The Talent Show Story in January 2012.[4]

text: The original plan for the show was for it be aired within 2005-06, before the broadcast of America's Got Talent, with Paul O'Grady presenting the programme under the title Paul O'Grady's Got Talent, after having hosted the pilot, with his selection as host due to the popularity he was attaining from his teatime chat show, The Paul O'Grady Show.[5] However, complication arose when O'Grady was involved in a row with ITV and refused to appear on another show of the broadcaster, eventually defecting to Channel 4 to continue hosting his teatime show, effectively putting plans for the programme on hold.[6] In a 2010 interview, O'Grady commented about the row by stating:[7]

text: "I did the pilot for Britain's Got Talent – which was originally going to be called Paul O'Grady's Got Talent. But I told the producers they were having a joke if they thought I would front a show with that title. The original panel of judges was going to be Simon Cowell, Fern Britton and Piers Morgan. I was the host. Then when I had the row with ITV I was banned from the studios. I remember I rang Simon and told him he had a huge hit on his hands, but there was no way I could do it. I said, if I am banned I have to be banned from everything. I can’t be a hypocrite and come in and do this. I had to bow out."

text: On 12 February 2007, following the success of America's Got Talent the previous year, ITV announced their intentions for a British series of Got Talent. Their announcement revealed changes to the original plan for the programme, with Ant & Dec revealed to be the hosts for the new programme. While Cowell remained as part of the judging panel, the new plan intended for David Hasselhoff and Cheryl Cole. However, both resigned before the programme was due to air, leading to Morgan being part of the panel as originally planned, and actress Amanda Holden joining him and Cowel as a judge; Hasselhoff would later join the panel for the programme's fifth series after being a part of the panel for America's Got Talent, while Cowell later employed Cole to be a replacement for Sharon Osbourne on The X Factor. At the same time, the broadcaster also announced that the show would be accompanied by a sister show on ITV2, entitled Britain's Got More Talent, with Stephen Mulhern as its presenter.

text: Format[edit]

text: Auditions[edit]

text: For this stage in the contest, the show holds auditions within different cities across the UK - Cardiff, Manchester, Birmingham and London having been visited mainly for this - which take place over a period of two months before a series is to be aired, with auditions in each city usually taking around 1-3 days to be completed. Each audition's site is located within a theater or convention hall, which are chosen for having facilities designed for handling large volumes of contestants, which are set up into three arrangements when auditions are taking place - a waiting area for contestants to prepare and await their turn to perform, with monitors to allow them to see the performances of other contestants; the wings, where a contestant enters and leaves from, and where friends and family of the contestant can view them from; and the main stage, where the contestant performs their act before the judging panel, who are situated in front of the stage. The main stage area is usually modified to include the judge's panel desk, and a special lighting rig above the stage, consisting of Xs that each have a name of the judge under them.

text: Each contestant(s) that auditions, is given a number by the production team, and remain in the waiting area until called out into the wings, giving them a certain amount of time to prepare their act. Upon being allowed onto the main stage, they will usually be asked by one of the judges for their name and what they plan to perform, along with other details such as age, occupation, personal background, and what they wish to achieve if they won. After this, they are then given three minutes to conduct their performance before both the judges and a live audience, with some acts being supported by a backing track provided by the production team. If at any time, the judges find the performance to be unconvincing, boring or completely wrong, they may use a buzzer before them, which changes the Xs from white to red; if all the judges press their buzzers, then the performance is immediately over.

text: Once a performance is over, each judge will given a overview of what they thought about the act, before casting a vote - if "Yes", the judge approved of the act; if "No", they disliked the act. If the contestant(s) receives a majority vote of "Yes", they then proceed onto the next stage in the contest, otherwise they are eliminated from that series' contest. From Series 8, a new feature was added to the auditions, which had been previously used on Germany's Got Talent, called the "Golden Buzzer".[8] Situated in the centre of the judge's desk, the Golden Buzzer allows a judge to effectively send a contestant(s) into the live semi-finals, regardless of the opinions of the other judges, if they felt that a contestant's performance was outstanding; when pressed, the judge's X turns gold. However, as a general rule, they may only press it once and cannot press it again in later auditions. While the hosts of Britain's Got Talent may also press the golden buzzer for a contestant(s), they may only press it once themselves.[9][10]

text: Episodes set in this stage feature the best highlights of the auditions, which range from the best performances the judges saw, to the worst that appeared, whether funny or considerably bad, in some cases being totally inappropriate. These highlights also include interviews with the contestants in a separate area, as well as additional interviews conducted within the wings before and after a performance, by both the hosts of main show and the host of Britain's Got More Talent, who also giving personal comments about a performance while watching from the wings.

text: Judges' Decisions[edit]

text: This stage takes place after the auditions have been completed, and is also referred to as Deliberation Day, in which the judges look through the acts that have successfully made it to this stage, and begin whittling them down to those who would stand a fair chance in the live semi-finals. The amount that goes through has varied over the show's history, though usually consists of a number that can be divided equally over the semi-finals being held in a series. Once the judges have decided on who will go through, all contestants that have reached this stage are called back to discover if they had progress into the live semi-finals or not. After this has been done, the acts are divided up between the semi-finals that the series will have; usually eight in each series, except for the sixth to tenth series which had nine acts per semi-final.

text: For the fifth series, some acts were asked to perform again, as the judges had had difficulty coming to a final decision on the semi-finalist, and thus needed to see their performance again in order to make up their minds; it is only time in the show's history that this has happened, and has not been repeated since.[11]

text: Semi-finals & Final[edit]

text: Contestants that make it into the semi-finals after both stages (or, from series 8, received the Golden Buzzer), perform once more before an audience and the judges, with their performance broadcast on live television; until the tenth series, live episodes were filmed at The Fountain Studios in Wembley, the same site used for The X Factor, but for the eleventh series, the show was broadcast from Elstree Studios. Like the Audition stage of the contest, they must attempt to impress by primarily conducting a new routine of their act within the same span of time; the judges can still use a buzzer in the semi-finals if they are displeased with a performance, and can end it early if all the buzzers are used, and can still give a personal opinion about an act when the performance is over, but neither of these impact how the semi-finalists fare at this stage of the contest, only the last part of this stage. As only two semi-finalists from each semi-final may proceed on to the Final, which two is determined by two different types of votes given towards the end - a public phone vote, and a judges' vote.

text: The phone vote determines the first semi-finalist that wins this stages, and occurs after all the acts in a semi-final have performed, whereupon a special phone line is opened for a short time, which the public can use to vote on the act that they thought was the best; the phone number used, shown after their performance, is the same for all semi-finalists, with the exception of the final two digits, which differs between each semi-finalist in terms of the order of their appearance. Once the lines have closed and the votes have been counted, the act with the highest number of public votes is automatically placed in the final. The judges' vote, held after the result of the phone vote, determine the second act that wins this stage, and is conducted between the second and third most popular acts the public voted on; the other semi-finalist at this point, are eliminated from the contest. The act which receives a majority vote from the judges, moves on to the final; in the event of a tied vote, upon the show increasing the number of judges to 4 from fifth series onwards, the second most popular act moves on to the final. From the sixth series onwards, the show incorporated a new feature in which any eliminated act from the semi-finals could still have a chance of being sent through to the finals, by being picked by the judges to as their "Wildcard" act, later expanding this by allowing the public to vote on a second act to go through into the finals, out of the top three eliminated acts.

text: For the final of each series, the format of the contest operated in the exact same manner as the semi-finals, including being broadcast live on television, though this time the winner is determined purely by a phone vote, with the finalists attempting to secure more votes than the others by performing a new routine at their best. Upon the result being given, the top two acts are brought onto the stage, with the hosts announcing which of them received the most votes. In addition to the performances by the finalists, the show also features an appearance by a guest performer, who appears between the final act and the announcement of the results.

text: For the show's scheduling, the live episodes are usually arranged to take place over the course of a week, with the semi-finals aired mainly on weekdays, and the final aired on the weekend; in some series, the schedule featured a break between the live episodes of the semi-finals. These episodes are divided into two parts - The first half focuses on the live performances and the judges comments, and feature an introduction clip for each semi-finalist to provide more background information about them; the second half focuses mainly on the results given, once voting is closed.

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Start
Finish
Winner's prize 1
Winner
Runner-up
Third place
Judges

Main
Guest

1
2
3
4

1
9 June 2007
17 June 2007
£100,000
Paul Potts
Not announced
Simon
Amanda
Piers
N/A
N/A

2
12 April 2008
31 May 2008
George Sampson
Signature
Andrew Johnston

3
11 April 2009
30 May 2009
Diversity
Susan Boyle
Julian Smith
Kelly2

4
17 April 2010
5 June 2010
Spelbound
Twist and Pulse
Kieran Gaffney
Louis3

5
16 April 2011
4 June 2011
Jai McDowall
Ronan Parke
New Bounce
Michael
David H.

6
24 March 2012
12 May 2012
£500,000
Ashleigh and Pudsey
Jonathan and Charlotte
Only Boys Aloud
Alesha
David W.
Carmen5

7
13 April 2013
8 June 2013
£250,000
Attraction
Jack Carroll
Richard & Adam
N/A

8
12 April 2014
7 June 2014
Collabro
Lucy Kay
Bars & Melody
Ant & Dec6

9
11 April 2015
31 May 2015
Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse
Jamie Raven
Côr Glanaethwy
N/A

10
9 April 2016
28 May 2016
Richard Jones
Wayne Woodward
Boogie Storm
Kathleen7

11
15 April 2017
3 June 2017
Tokio Myers
Issy Simpson
Daliso Chaponda
N/A

text:
^ In addition to the cash prize, winners are given the opportunity to perform at the Royal Variety Performance.
^ Brook was a guest fourth judge for the Manchester auditions; was originally planned to be permanent judge.
^ Walsh served as a guest judge for the Birmingham auditions (substituting for Cowell) in series 4 and for the London auditions (substituting for Hasselhoff) in series 5.
^ Cowell was only a judge for the live shows in series 5. Holden served as head judge during the auditions.
^ Electra served as a guest judge for the London auditions (substituting for Holden) in series 6.
^ Ant & Dec served as guest judges on the first day of the Manchester auditions (substituting for Cowell) in series 8.
^ David Walliams' mother, Kathleen Williams, who was at one of the auditions served as a guest judge when Cowell was late for one of the sessions in series 10.

tag: ol

text: Series 1 (2007)[edit]

text: The first series of Britain's Got Talent began on 9 June 2007 and ended on 17 June 2007. The judges were Piers Morgan, Amanda Holden and Simon Cowell. The show was hosted by Ant & Dec on ITV, whilst Stephen Mulhern presented sister show Britain's Got More Talent on ITV2. During January and February 2007, applicants auditioned in Manchester, Birmingham, London and Cardiff. The first five episodes covered the auditions and the final four episodes were the live semi-finals and final. The series was eventually won by opera singer Paul Potts.

text: Series 2 (2008)[edit]

text: The second series of Britain's Got Talent included notable differences from the first series, including the fact that the auditions visited Scotland and that there were forty acts in the live semi-finals. The series also ran for longer, lasting for seven weeks instead of one. Morgan, Holden and Cowell returned as judges. Ant & Dec returned to present the main show and Mulhern returned to present Britain's Got More Talent. The series was won by street-dancer George Sampson, with dual dance group Signature coming in second and singer Andrew Johnston third.

text: Series 3 (2009)[edit]

text: Britain's Got Talent returned for its third series on 11 April 2009.[12] Ant & Dec continued as hosts and Mulhern returned to host Britain's Got More Talent. Cowell, Holden and Morgan returned as judges. Kelly Brook was originally announced as a new fourth judge[12] but was fired after just six days, having acted as a judge at the Manchester auditions only.[13] The semi-finals were from 24–29 May (no semi-final on 27 May) and the final was on 30 May. Diversity were announced the winners, with Susan Boyle as runner-up and Julian Smith in third.

text: Series 4 (2010)[edit]

text: The 2010 panel of judges remained unchanged, with Cowell, Holden and Morgan all returning. Auditions were held in Glasgow, Manchester, Cardiff, Newcastle, Birmingham, and London. Due to illness, Simon was unable to attend the filming of the Birmingham auditions and Louis Walsh stood in for him.[14] The first programme of series 4 was broadcast on 17 April 2010.[15] Spelbound won the final on 5 June 2010, with Twist and Pulse as runners-up and Kieran Gaffney placing third.

text: Series 5 (2011)[edit]

text: Britain's Got Talent returned for its fifth series on 16 April 2011.[16] Auditions took place in January 2011 in Manchester, Birmingham, Cardiff, Glasgow, London and, for the first time, Liverpool. Ant & Dec continued as main hosts on ITV, while Mulhern again hosted Britain's Got More Talent on ITV2. Among the judges, Piers Morgan left the show due to him hosting his new show Piers Morgan Tonight in America.[17] Cowell was only present for the live shows only as during the auditions he was busy launching The X Factor USA.[18] Amanda Holden returned to the regular judging panel, joined by David Hasselhoff and Michael McIntyre.[19][20] Louis Walsh also appeared as a guest judge in the London auditions whilst Hasselhoff was appearing in pantomime.[21] The winner was Jai McDowall, while Ronan Parke finished as runner-up and New Bounce in third.

text: Series 6 (2012)[edit]

text: ITV confirmed in June 2011 that Britain's Got Talent would be returning for a sixth series in 2012. In September and November 2011, it was announced that McIntyre and Hasselhoff would not be returning to the judging panel.[22] Despite rumours of Holden being absent for the auditions stage, she confirmed via her Twitter account that she would be participating in the entire series.[23] In December 2011, it was announced that Cowell would be returning as a full-time judge for the series.[24][25] On 2 January 2012, David Walliams and Alesha Dixon were confirmed as judges, with Dixon leaving her role on Strictly Come Dancing.[26] Holden missed some of the auditions due to her pregnancy and due to being critically ill after giving birth.[27] The series was won by Ashleigh and Pudsey, a girl and her dancing dog. Opera duo Jonathan and Charlotte came second and Welsh boys choir Only Boys Aloud took the third place. Ashleigh and Pudsey received £500,000 as a prize for their win.

text: Series 7 (2013)[edit]

text: ITV confirmed on 12 May 2012 that series 7 would air in 2013. The judges would remain as Cowell, Holden, Dixon, and Walliams. Ant & Dec would remain as hosts for the main show and Stephen Mulhern also returned to ITV2 as host of Britain's Got More Talent. On 16 January 2013, the live judges audition tour started in Cardiff and ended in Birmingham. The series first aired on ITV on 13 April 2013.[28] The series was won by Attraction, with Jack Carroll finishing second and Richard & Adam coming third.

text: Series 8 (2014)[edit]

text: Cowell confirmed on 1 June 2013 that series 8 would air in 2014. He returned to the judging panel alongside Holden, Dixon and Walliams.[29] Cowell was unable to attend the first day of the Manchester auditions and the final day of the London auditions. The main show's presenters Ant & Dec served as guest judges at the Manchester auditions. The series first aired on ITV on 12 April 2014 and saw a new golden buzzer, in which each judge (and Ant & Dec) could press once and only once during the entire auditions. Pressing the buzzer would immediately send the act through to the semi-finals, regardless of the other judges' opinions. The series was won by Collabro, with Lucy Kay finishing second and Bars & Melody, a golden buzzer act, coming third.

text: Series 9 (2015)[edit]

text: At the conclusion of the eighth series, it was announced that the show would return for a ninth series.[30] On 31 October 2014, Holden confirmed that she, Cowell, Dixon and Walliams would return as judges.[31][32] The new series started airing on 11 April 2015. This is the first ever series to have free voting via the app.[citation needed] Jesse-Jane McParland and Boyband were brought back to the final as wildcards. The winner of the series was Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse, with Jamie Raven taking second and Cor Glanaethwy finishing third.

text: Series 10 (2016)[edit]

text: At the conclusion of the ninth series, it was announced that the show would return for a tenth series.[33] On 16 March 2015, Walliams confirmed he would return for his fifth series.[34] On 7 April 2015, Holden also confirmed her return to the show.[35] On 25 June 2015, Mulhern announced he will also return to host Britain's Got More Talent.[36] On 27 September 2015, all four judges signed for the tenth series, meaning Walliams and Dixon both return for their fifth series on the panel, while Holden and Cowell both return for their tenth series. Ant and Dec will also be back to host the main show and Mulhern will return to host the spin-off show. The series was won by magician Richard Jones.

text: Series 11 (2017)[edit]

text: At the conclusion of the tenth series, it was announced that the show would return for a eleventh series. Ant & Dec returned to present the main show on ITV, whilst Stephen Mulhern returned to present the spin-off show Britain's Got More Talent on ITV2. Simon Cowell and Amanda Holden returned for their eleventh series on the judging panel and Alesha Dixon as well as David Walliams returned for their sixth series. This series was won by a male pianist, Tokio Myers.

text: Future series[edit]

text: Britain's Got Talent has been renewed until at least 2019, meaning there will be series 12 & 13.[37] Simon Cowell has stated that, in Series 12, Stephen Mulhern will be allowed a golden buzzer.

text: Presenters[edit]

text: Since the first series in 2007, the main show has been presented by comedy duo Ant & Dec, consisting of Anthony McPartlin and Declan Donnelly. Stephen Mulhern hosts the spin-off show, Britain's Got More Talent, on ITV2 and has also done so since 2007. Sometimes, Ant and Dec make appearances on Britain's Got More Talent.

text:
Presenters gallery

Anthony McPartlin

Declan Donnelly

Stephen Mulhern (Britain's Got More Talent)

tag: ul

text: Judges[edit]

text: The first two series consisted of original judges, music executive and television producer Simon Cowell, television and West End star Amanda Holden, and newspaper editor and journalist Piers Morgan. As series 3 started, it was announced that the show would have a fourth judge, actress and glamour model Kelly Brook. However, after less than a week of filming, it was announced that Brook had been dropped as the producers believed that the format would be "too complicated" with four judges; Brook was later credited as a guest judge.[38][39] Series 4 would remain with just Cowell, Holden and Morgan as judges. Cowell fell ill at one point and was unable to attend the Birmingham auditions, so fellow The X Factor judge Louis Walsh stepped in for him.[40]

text: Morgan revealed that he would not return as a judge for the fifth series as he was preparing to take over the highly popular Larry King Live talk show on CNN in America. Cowell also announced he would not be present during the auditions, as he would be busy launching The X Factor USA; however he confirmed he would be present for the live shows.[41] It was revealed that comedian Michael McIntyre would be completing the judging panel,[42] as would actor, singer and former America's Got Talent judge David Hasselhoff.[43] Hasselhoff was absent during the London auditions due to his commitments with a pantomime and Walsh returned as a guest judge. For the live shows, Hasselhoff and McIntyre remained as judges, with Cowell becoming a fourth judge.

text: In October 2011, it was announced that neither Hasselhoff nor McIntyre would be returning as a judge for the sixth series, while Cowell returned full-time.[22] On 2 January 2012, it was announced that Alesha Dixon and David Walliams would replace McIntyre and Hasselhoff for the sixth series.[44] Holden missed some auditions due to her giving birth to her daughter, and some after-effects. On 6 February 2012, actress and model Carmen Electra was announced as Holden's replacement for the London auditions. Series 7 remained with Cowell, Holden, Dixon and Walliams on the judging panel. It was announced that all judges from series 6 and 7 would return for series 8. Cowell was unable to attend the first day of the Manchester auditions and the final day of the London auditions. The show's presenters Ant & Dec filled in for him in Manchester. All four judges returned for series 9 and 10. All the judges have announced their return for Series 11. Cowell, Holden and Dixon said they were going to be back. On 17 January, ahead of auditions, Dixon confirmed Walliams and Ant and Dec would be returning via Instagram.[45]

text:
Judges gallery

Simon Cowell (2007– )

Amanda Holden (2007– )

Piers Morgan (2007–10)

David Hasselhoff (2011)

Michael McIntyre (2011)

Alesha Dixon (2012– )

David Walliams (2012– )

text: Britain's Got More Talent[edit]

text:
Britain's Got More Talent

Created by
Simon Cowell

Presented by
Stephen Mulhern

No. of series
11[46]

Production

Producer(s)
Tim Dean

Location(s)

The Fountain Studios (2007–2017)[47]
Elstree Studios (2017–)

Running time
60–65 minutes

Release

Original network
ITV2 (UK)
TV3 (Ireland)

Picture format
1080p: HDTV (2011–)
576i: SDTV (2007–10)

Original release
9 June 2007 (2007-06-09) – present

Chronology

Related shows
Britain's Got Talent

External links

Website
talent.itv.com

text: Britain's Got More Talent is a companion show which is broadcast on ITV2 and on TV3 in Ireland, after the main ITV and TV3 Britain's Got Talent broadcast, similar to The X Factor's ITV2 companion show The Xtra Factor. Stephen Mulhern has hosted the show from the first series. It features acts that were not shown in the main show, as well as before and after interviews with the contestants and behind-the-scenes footage.

text: Format and features[edit]

text: Each year, after the series has come to an end, Britain's Got More Talent has a week of special programmes entitled Britain's Got Talent: Best and Worst, featuring the best and worst auditions from the series, ranging from two to five episodes each year. This series is also hosted by Mulhern, though the series may feature clips of Ant & Dec interviewing the acts beforehand. This format changed in series 9, with the shows airing in the week before the show started. An episode was aired after the series though. In 2016, the format changed again, with the episodes airing the weekends before the show started. No episode aired after the series.

text: Regular contestants[edit]

text: Britain's Got Talent has seen many acts who have not got through to the live shows return to give another go at getting through. However, only few people have made it through to the live shows, in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2017. Only one act has won the show; this was George Sampson in 2008.

text:
Contestants
Number of attempts
Live shows
Notes

Alex Lees
2
(as of 2008)
No
Appeared in 2007, got angry and walked off, but tried again in 2008, failed to make it to live shows in 2008

David J. Watson
8
(as of 2017)
No
Didn't appear in 2009 or 2012

Gatis Kandis
2
(as of 2016)
Yes
2012 live shows only

Max the dog & David the owner[48]
2
(as of 2017)
No

George Sampson
2
(as of 2008)
Yes
2008 live shows only & won series 2

Kieran Gaffney
2
(as of 2010)
Yes
2010 live shows only

Ivor the Dance King
3
(as of 2016)
No

Kyle Tomlinson
2
(as of 2017)
Yes
2017 live shows only, received the Golden Buzzer from David Walliams on his second appearance & made it to the final

text: Reception[edit]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Britain's Got Talent has been nominated for a number of National Television Awards in the category of 'Most Popular Talent Show' since 2007. But has lost out to its sister shows The X Factor and Strictly Come Dancing. Ant and Dec have won the award for 'Most Popular Entertainment Presenters' at the same awards for twelve consecutive years (as of January 2014). Britain's Got Talent has also been nominated for two British Academy Television Awards in 2008, but failed to win any awards. In 2007 and 2008, the show was nominated at the TV Quick and Choice Awards in the 'Best Talent Show' category, losing out to The X Factor and Strictly Come Dancing respectively.

text: In 2008, it was a recipient of a Royal Television Society Programme Award for its technical achievements. It has also won four Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards from five nominations. In 2009, it won its first ever Digital Spy Reality Award for George Sampson for 'Favourite Reality Contestant'. The show was further nominated in the 'Reality Show' category, but lost out to The X Factor in the 'Reality TV Presenter' category for Ant & Dec and two nominations in the 'Reality TV Judge' category for Cowell and Morgan.

text:
Year
Group
Award
Nominee
Result

2007
National Television Awards
Most Popular Talent Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Ant & Dec
Won

Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards
Best Reality Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

Best TV Presenters
Ant & Dec
Won

TV Quick and Choice Awards
Best Talent Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

2008
National Television Awards
Most Popular Talent Show
Nominated

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Ant & Dec
Won

Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards
Favourite Winner
George Sampson
Won

British Academy Television Awards
Lew Grade Award
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

Audience Award
Nominated

Royal Television Society Programme Awards
Best Production Design-Entertainment
Dominic Tolfts
Won

Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards
Best TV Presenters
Ant & Dec
Won

Best Family TV Show
Britain's Got Talent
Won

Best TV Baddie
Simon Cowell
Won

2009
TV Quick and Choice Awards
Best Talent Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

Digital Spy Reality TV Awards
Favourite TV Reality
Nominated

Favourite TV Reality Judge
Simon Cowell
Nominated

Piers Morgan
Nominated

Favourite TV Reality Presenters
Ant & Dec
Nominated

Favourite Reality Contestant
George Sampson
Won

2010
National Television Awards
Most Popular Talent Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

British Academy Television Awards
Best Entertainment Programme
Won

2011
National Television Awards
Most Popular Talent Show
Nominated

TV Choice Awards
Best Talent Show
Won

2012
National Television Awards
Most Popular Talent Show
Nominated

2013
Broadcast Awards
Best Entertainment Programme
Nominated

National Television Awards
Most Popular Talent Show
Nominated

2014
Nominated

2015
Nominated

TV Judge
Simon Cowell
Nominated

David Walliams
Won

2016
Most Popular Talent Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

2016 British Academy Television Awards
Best Entertainment Programme
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated[49]

2017
22nd National Television Awards
Talent Show
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated[50]

TV Judge
Simon Cowell
Nominated[50]

David Walliams
Nominated[50]

2017 British Academy Television Awards
Best Entertainment Programme
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated[51]

Diversity in Media Awards
TV Programme of the Year
Britain's Got Talent
Nominated

text: Controversies and criticism[edit]

text: In series 1, the show was criticised for not visiting Scotland. Extra audition dates were added in series 2, and the judges visited Scotland.[citation needed]

text: The show was criticised by psychologist Glenn Wilson, who referred to it as a "freak show". He stated that "[contestants'] deficiencies and shortcomings are as important as their talent. We enjoy the stress we are putting these people under – will they or will they not survive?"[52]

text: The treatment of contestants at the audition stage was heavily criticised by the Daily Mail, which described applicants being kept waiting for over 10 hours with no food or drink provided, with no certainty of being allowed to perform more than a few seconds of their act. It also detailed how staff intentionally built up the hopes of low-quality performers in order to maximise the dramatic effect of the judges' put-downs, and the fine points of the contracts performers must sign, which gives the show infinite freedom to "modify" the footage for their own purposes, and to use the footage indefinitely for whatever purpose they choose.[53]

text: In two separate interviews in 2012, MC Kinky said "Shows like X Factor and Britain's Got Talent reduce the art of making music and practising your craft to the level of a low rent game show with huge financial backing and support. It's a means to make money, not a means to produce ground breaking or interesting artists that demonstrate what they are feeling or are compelled to do. It's corporate"[54] and "it's a churn 'em out fast food form of putrid shit that I have no affiliation with".[55]

text: In 2013, Bruce Forsyth questioned the show's allowing children to audition. He said, "I don't think that's entertainment. I don't think they should put children on that are too young. If you're going to do that, have a separate show. Have a children's show, British Children Have Talent."[56]

text: In 2013 it was revealed that up to 50% of acts on the televised shows had been headhunted by producers. In 2012, electropop band Superpowerless were approached to appear in the semi-finals. They attended the audition after assurances that the act would be portrayed in a positive light. On the day they felt that all interviews, especially those with Stephen Mulhern, were conducted in a manner intending to portray them in a negative light, reducing their act to a novelty/comedy routine intended for ridicule and humiliation. While many newspapers wrote articles on this topic, very few were published as the news outlets were told that running the story would cut that publication out of any advance coverage of the show in the future.[57]

text: Live tour[edit]

text: On 17 April 2008, a thirteen date live tour was announced visiting the UK's major cities during the month of June, featuring the semi-finalists, the finalists and the winner from series two, along with a few surprises. Stephen Mulhern hosted the tour, which began on 6 June. None of the judging panel were present, and there was no live voting. After high demand for tickets, the tour was later extended to twenty two performances, including matinées. The tour featured all ten finalists, as well as semi-finalists Tracey Lee Collins and Anya Sparks. The tour also featured a duet with Faryl Smith and Andrew Johnston.

text: On 13 January 2009, a four date tour was announced with dates in Newcastle, Cardiff, Liverpool and Manchester. More dates were later added and the tour ran for eighteen shows from 12–26 June 2009 and also travelled to Dublin, Birmingham, Belfast, Sheffield, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Nottingham, London, Aberdeen and Bournemouth.

text: The tour in 2009 included: Diversity, Flawless, Aidan Davis, Shaun Smith, Stavros Flatley, Hollie Steel, 2 Grand, Julian Smith, Shaheen Jafargholi, Susan Boyle, Darth Jackson, DJ Talent and the 2008 winner, George Sampson. Stephen Mulhern hosted the tour.

text: The tour returned in 2010, this time hosted by comedian Paddy McGuinness. The show also added a new city to the schedule, Brighton. The tour included all the finalists: Spelbound, Twist & Pulse, Kieran Gaffney, Tobias Mead, Tina & Chandi, Paul Burling, Christopher Stone, Janey Cutler, Liam McNally and Connected. The tour lasted from 19 June to 11 July. With 16 cites and 23 shows, it was the longest Britain's Got Talent Tour to date.

text: The tour in 2011 included all the finalists: Jai McDowall, Ronan Parke, New Bounce, Razy Gogonea, Michael Collings, Paul Gbegbaje, Steven Hall, James Hobley, Les Gibson and Jean Martyn.[58]

text: In 2012, due to very low ticket sales the tour was axed.[59]

text: Best-selling albums[edit]

text: These albums were sold after Britain's Got Talent. The sales numbers are UK sales only.

text: Artists with BPI-certified albums[edit]

text:
Former contestant
Total sales
Debut album
Second album
Third album
Fourth album
Fifth Album
Sixth Album
Seventh Album

Susan Boyle
(Series 3, runner-up)
3,452,059
I Dreamed a Dream
(23 November 2009)
Syco/Columbia
7× platinum
2,100,000[60]
Peak: 1
The Gift
(8 November 2010)
Syco/Columbia
2× platinum
609,602
Peak: 1
Someone to Watch Over Me
(1 November 2011)
Syco/Columbia
Platinum
344,508
Peak: 1
Standing Ovation: The Greatest Songs from the Stage
(13 November 2012)
Syco/Columbia
Gold
175,488
Peak: 5
Home for Christmas
(25 October 2013)
Syco/Columbia
Gold
122,448
Peak: 9
Hope
(21 October 2014)
Syco/Columbia
Silver
85,000
Peak: 13
A Wonderful World
(4 November 2016)
Syco/Columbia
N/A
15,013
Peak: 22

Paul Potts
(Series 1, winner)
680,000
One Chance
(16 July 2007)
Syco/Columbia
2× Platinum
680,000
Peak: 1
Passione
(1 June 2009)
Syco/Columbia
N/A
N/A
Peak: 5
Cinema Paradiso
(15 October 2010)
Sony
N/A
N/A
Peak: did not chart in the UK
Home
(12 October 2014)
Sony
N/A
N/A
Peak: did not chart in the UK

Richard & Adam
(Series 7, 3rd place)
300,000+
The Impossible Dream
(29 July 2013)
Arista Records, RCA Records
Platinum
300,000
Peak: 1
The Christmas Album
(2 December 2013)
Sony
N/A
N/A
Peak: 24
At the Movies
(8 August 2014)
Sony
N/A
N/A
Peak: 5
Believe – Songs of Inspiration
(26 February 2016)
Sony
N/A
N/A
Peak: 9

Collabro
(Series 8, winner)
253,100+
Stars
(18 August 2014)
Syco
Gold
193,100+
Peak: 1
Act Two
(1 June 2015)
Syco
Silver
60,000+
Peak: 2

Jonathan and Charlotte
(Series 6, runner-up)
160,000+
Together
(24 September 2012)
Syco
Gold
100,000
Peak: 5
Perhaps Love
(14 October 2013)
Sony Classical
Silver
60,000
Peak: 5
Solitaire (Charlotte Jaconelli)
(9 June 2014)
Sony Classical
N/A
N/A
Peak: 40

Tenore (Jonathan Antoine)
(13 October 2014)
Sony Classical
N/A
N/A
Peak: 13
Believe (Jonathan Antoine)
(19 August 2016)
Cavendish
N/A
N/A
Peak: 79

Faryl Smith
(Series 2, 4th place)
150,000+
Faryl
(9 March 2009)
Universal Classics and Jazz
Gold
150,000+
Peak: 4
Wonderland
(30 November 2009)
Universal Classics and Jazz
N/A
N/A
Peak: 56

Andrew Johnston
(Series 2, 3rd place)
120,000
One Voice
(29 September 2008)
Syco
Gold
120,000
Peak: 4

Escala
(Series 2, 4th place)
100,000
Escala
(25 May 2009)
Sony BMG/Syco
Gold
100,000
Peak: 2
Quadrasonic
(15 January 2016)
Arctic Poppy
N/A
N/A
Peak: N/A

Connie Talbot
(Series 1, finalist)
100,000+
Over the Rainbow
(26 November 2007)
Rainbow Recording Company
Gold
100,000
Peak: 35
Connie Talbot's Christmas Album
(24 November 2008)
Rainbow Recording Company
N/A
N/A
Peak: 93
Holiday Magic
(20 October 2009)
AAO Music
N/A
N/A
Peak: did not chart in the UK
Beautiful World
(26 November 2012)
Evosound
N/A
N/A
Peak: did not chart in the UK
Matters to Me
(25 March 2016)
Evosound
N/A
N/A
Peak: did not chart in the UK

text: Artists without BPI-certified albums[edit]

text:
Former contestant
Total sales
Albums

Charlie Green
(Series 2, semi-finalist)

Charlie Green (1 October 2008) did not chart
A Friend Like You (9 May 2010) did not chart
Rainbow (5 November 2012) did not chart

Hollie Steel
(Series 3, finalist)

Hollie (24 May 2010) did not chart
Hooray For Christmas (11 October 2011) did not chart
Children on the Titanic (19 April 2012) did not chart

Lucy Kay
(Series 8, runner-up)

Fantasia (24 September 2014) #18

Beau Dermott
(Series 10, 5th place)

Brave (1 Sept 2017) #73

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: There are 6 pieces of related merchandise:

text:
Best of The Auditions DVD (2009)
The Electronic Board Game (2009)
The Magic Set (2009)
Finalists of 2009: Annual 2010 (2009)
Be the judge buzzer (2010)
Finalists of 2010: Annual 2011 (2010)

text: BGT App[edit]

text: Since 2010, a Britain's Got Talent app has been available on Apple's App Store and Google Play. The features of the app vary from year to year but always include an interactive feature (e.g. a buzzer, polls or quizzes), relevant social media feeds and clips from the show. In 2015, free in-app voting was introduced. This means viewers are able to vote free of charge for five acts of their choice per voting window during the semi-finals and final rounds.[citation needed]


document_title: Library of Parliament

question_text: what influenced the exterior design of the library of parliament

text: Library of Parliament

text: Main branch characteristics[edit]

text: Designed by Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones, and inspired by the British Museum Reading Room,[2] the building is formed as a chapter house,[3] separated from the main body of the Centre Block by a corridor; this arrangement, as well as many other details of the design, was reached with the input of the then parliamentary librarian, Alpheus Todd.[4] The walls, supported by a ring of 16 flying buttresses, are load bearing, double-wythe masonry, consisting of a hydraulic lime rubble fill core between an interior layer of dressed stone and rustic Nepean sandstone on the exterior.[5] Around the windows and along other edges is dressed stone trim, along with a multitude of stone carvings, including floral patterns and friezes, keeping with the Victorian High Gothic style of the rest of the parliamentary complex. The roof, set in three tiers topped by a cupola, used to be a timber frame structure covered with slate tiles, but has been rebuilt with steel framing and deck covered with copper.[6] The initial overall combination of colours—grey Gloucester limestone and grey Nepean, red Potsdam and buff Ohio sandstones, as well as purple and green slate banding—conformed to the picturesque style known as structural polychromy.[7]

text: The main reading room rises to a vaulted ceiling and the walls and stacks are lined with white pine panelling carved into a variety of textures, flowers, masks, and mythical creatures. In the galleries are displayed the coats of arms of the seven provinces that existed in 1876, as well as that of the Dominion of Canada, and standing directly in the centre of the room is a white marble statue of Queen Victoria, sculpted by Marchall Wood in 1871.[6] The northern galleries are also flanked with the white marble busts of Sir John Sandfield Macdonald; Prince Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII); Alexandra, Princess of Wales (later Queen Alexandra); and Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché.[8]

text: The library's collection comprises 600,000 items, covering hundreds of years of history and tended by a staff of 300.[3] Access to the facility is generally restricted to those on parliamentary business, but research publications are produced by the library and are available to the public. The main branch on Parliament Hill is only the central hub of a larger complex that spreads to other parliamentary buildings, where services are offered in a number of branch libraries and reading rooms.[6]

text: History[edit]

text: The Library of Parliament's roots lie in the 1790s, when the legislative libraries of Upper and Lower Canada were created; these operated separately until the creation of the Province of Canada in 1841 and the collections were amalgamated and followed the provincial capital as it moved between Kingston, Montreal, Toronto, and Quebec City. The library was to be established in Ottawa after, in 1867, Queen Victoria chose Bytown as the new seat for her crown in the Dominion of Canada, and the Library of Parliament Act formed the institution in 1871.[9]

text: Though construction of the present library began in 1859 and the collection arrived in Ottawa in 1866, work was halted in 1861 and was not completed until 1876, when the 47,000 volumes—including several donated by Queen Victoria—were installed. Around 1869, the builders discovered that they didn't have the technical knowledge to build the domed roof, meaning that Thomas Fairbairn Engineering Co. Ltd. of Manchester had to be contracted to provide a pre-fabricated dome within a few weeks; this gave the Library of Parliament the distinction of being the first building in North America to have a state-of-the-art wrought iron roof. Further, in 1883, the library's 300 gas lights were converted to electricity.[7] However, such additional costs brought the library's price to $301,812, a sum added on top of the total cost for all the parliament buildings, which had already gone far above the original allotted budget.[10] Within only 12 years, the entire roof was stripped of its slate shingles in a tornado that hit Parliament Hill in 1888, since then the roof has been clad in copper.[7]

text: The library's contents grew over the next five decades and were saved from the 1916 fire that destroyed the majority of the Centre Block; the building was only connected to the main complex by a single corridor and the library clerk at the time, Michael MacCormac, secured the library's iron doors before the fire could spread into that area.[3] Fire eventually broke out in 1952, in the library's cupola, and caused extensive damage through smoke and water. It was then necessary to perform structural work, as well as to install a replica of the inlaid parquet floor and dismantle the wood panelling and ship it to Montreal for cleaning and partial fireproofing.[9] The Centre, East, and West Blocks subsequently received extensive climate control and electrical upgrades, but the library was largely overlooked.

text: The deficiencies, plus conservation, rehabilitation, and upgrading, were addressed when a major, $52 million renovation was researched in 1996 and undertaken between 2002 and 2006.[11] Public Works and Government Services Canada contracted the Thomas Fuller Construction Company (operated by the building designer's great-grandsons) to manage a project that fixed leaks in the roof and crumbling mortar in the walls on the exterior,[12][13] as well as extensive repairs to the wood and plaster work and the installation of climate control systems on the interior.[14] Also done at the time was a nine metre deep excavation of the bedrock beneath the library building, in order to provide more storage space, mechanical areas, and a link to an existing loading dock.[15] The project used precision survey, laser measurement, photogrammetry, and the then fledgling technology of Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application.[7] After four years of work, the library was opened to the public, with tours of the library resuming on 5 June 2006,[16] though Thomas Fuller Construction filed a $21 million lawsuit against the Crown for cost overruns.[15]

text: Parliamentary librarians[edit]

text:
1870 - 1884: Alpheus Todd
1885 - 1920: Martin Joseph Griffin
1920 - 1938: Martin Burrell
1944 - 1959: Francis Aubrey Hardy
1960 - 1994: Erik John Spicer
1994 - 2005: Richard Paré
2005 - 2011: William R. Young[17]
2012–Present: Sonia L'Heureux[18]

text: Partnerships and collaboration[edit]

text: The Library of Parliament is a member of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries.