question_text: guardians of the galaxy game episode 2 release date

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text: Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Guardians of the Galaxy plays similar to other Telltale games, in which the player's character talks to other characters, explore environments and interact with objects within it, and at times, complete action sequences made up of quick time events. Players make choices, such as dialog selection, that create determinants within the story affecting later actions within the episode and in future episodes. Within the series, the player primarily plays as Star-Lord, but may at times briefly take the role of another Guardian during action sequences.[5]

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text: Development[edit]

text: Telltale and Marvel partnered to develop the game, quickly establishing that they wanted to make an original story that used the character's canon but was not tied to the 2014 film. Telltale decided to go against an origins story, and instead focused on the connections between each of the five Guardians. Described by Marvel's Bil Rosemann, "A good Guardians story is about them as a family and showing how they're all misfits, they're all underdogs, they all feel like they don't have a family anymore" and coming together to form their own family that they depend on.[5] Telltale saw this as well as elements from the established character histories to find "potentially surprising" elements to include, according to Telltale producer Justin Lambros.[5] To achieve this, they planned each episode to center around each Guardian and explore their past, though the player will primarily remain in the role of Star-Lord throughout the series. This approach was novel for Telltale, since the character interactions that the player opts for in earlier episodes can have a stronger impact on the later episodes, particularly in the relationship between the other Guardians.[5] Telltale and Marvel's goal was to make the story accessible to people who may not have read through the comic series but had seen the film, while still dropping in hints and Easter eggs referring the Guardians' history in the comics to long-time fans.[5]

text: Telltale's Guardians was first revealed during the December 2016 Game Awards,[6] though rumors of the game had been previously found in material released by SAG-AFTRA actors as part of the 2016 video game voice actor strike in November.[7] The game's first of five episodes was released on April 18, 2017; in additional to digital downloads, a retail version will be available for the first episode release with an online pass to acquire the other episodes once released; this is expected to be released on May 2, 2017 in North America and May 5, 2017 in Europe.[8]

text: Telltale hosted a panel about the game at the 2017 PAX East event in Boston, MA in March 2017, as well as having the first episode available for a "crowd play" session during the 2017 South by Southwest event.[8]

text: Audio[edit]

text: The game is based on the Marvel Comic series and the recent film with an exclusive storyline. It has a different set of voice actors from the film. The cast currently includes Scott Porter as Star-Lord, Emily O'Brien as Gamora, Nolan North as Rocket Raccoon, Brandon Paul Eells as Drax the Destroyer, and Adam Harrington as Groot.[8]

text: Plot[edit]

text: Tangled Up in Blue[edit]

text: Peter Quill, AKA Star-Lord (Scott Porter) receives a distress-call from the Nova Corps, requesting the assistance of the Guardians of the Galaxy on an unidentified planet with an abandoned Kree outpost, where their forces are being decimated by the Mad Titan Thanos (Jake Hart). Arriving to reinforce the Nova Corps, the Guardians ship - the Milano - is shot down by Thanos' ship, causing it to crash-land on the planet. The Guardians survive and trek towards Thanos' location, with Rocket Raccoon (Nolan North) revealing he's constructed a new gun that can emit a highly powerful destructive force - at the cost of only having one shot. They discover Thanos has entered a large Kree building held shut by two metal doors, but Star-Lord is able to slip in through a fissure in the wall and blow it open from the inside using the canon from a crashed ship, finding the corpses of multiple Nova Corps members along the way. The Guardians then confront Thanos in the temple's lower chamber, who has obtained an ancient artifact called the Eternity Forge. The team struggles to defeat the tyrant and most become incapacitated, but Star-Lord manages to shoot Thanos in the chest with Rocket's new gun, successfully killing him. Star-Lord than takes the Eternity Forge from Thanos' hands, assuming it useless now that the danger has passed.

text: Following the battle, the Guardians celebrate their victory by spending the night at a bar in Knowhere, where Star-Lord interacts with his teammates now that their long-time foe is finally dead. He starts off with Drax the Destroyer (Brandon Paul Eells), who feels satisfied with Thanos' death as revenge for his family's murder by the mad tyrant. However, Rockets argue that Star-Lord was the one who killed Thanos with Groot (Adam Harrington) supporting him.

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If Star-Lord tells Drax the Destroyer that he earned his revenge, he states to Drax that he killed the one responsible for his family's death, satisfying Drax's need to atone for his family's death.
If Star-Lord doesn't tell Drax the Destroyer that he earned his revenge, he reminds him that he used Rocket Raccoon's gun on Thanos. This causes Drax to state that he would've expected this from Rocket Raccoon or Groot, promptly leaving after stating that he is not in the mood to celebrate.

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text: Star-Lord than finds Rocket trying to show off the gun that killed Thanos to some of the bar-goers, bragging about being the brains behind the operation. Upon Star-Lord interacting with him, Rocket confesses that he's starting to feel burnt out by their life of constant chaos and near-death experiences, wishing to take a break on his own for a bit and even wondering if it's time for him to go his own way now that the Guardians no longer have to deal with Thanos. Afterwords, Star-Lord speaks with Gamora, who admits a small part of her wants to see her sister Nebula again - despite how angry the latter will be at learning she helped kill their adoptive "father" Thanos.

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If Star-Lord reminds Gamora that Nebula is still her sister, Gamora states that Star-Lord might be right and will consider calling her after a few more drinks. The two of them do a toast to family.
If Star-Lord tells Gamora to stay away from Nebula, he also tells Gamora that what Nebula doesn't know won't come back to kill them. Gamora states that it's a safe bet and wouldn't mind starting fresh. The two of them do a toast to moving on.

text: The next day, a hung-over Star-Lord wakes up to find the team amassed a large tab that they need to pay off and decide a good way to make money is to sell Thanos' body. Rocket suggests selling it to the Collector to get more credits, while Gamora thinks they should give the body to the Nova Corps so they don't have to deal with criminals. Both Gamora and Rocket Raccoon end up in an argument until Star-Lord breaks it up and that they will figure out who to sell Thanos' body to.

text:
If Star-Lord calls the Nova Corps to sell Thanos' body to them, he tells the female representative about it and takes in their bounty on him. After the call, Rocket gets angry and states that they would've gotten more units off of the Collector. The Guardians of the Galaxy will receive less of a paycheck and because the bounty has to go through a process, the money won't come to them until at least half a year.
If Star-Lord calls the Collector to sell Thanos' body to him, he talks with the Collector's representative Vylla (Erin Yvette) due to the conditions of Thanos' body, but manages to get their large share of space credits after some negotiation. Before ending the transmission, Vylla tells Star-Lord to make sure the body is there when she arrives with some associates. Gamora frustratedly states they are going down a dangerous path in dealing with the Collector.

text: After making a decision on who to sell Thanos' body to, Star-Lord suggests also selling the Eternity Forge for more credits and goes to retrieve it from his room, but the artifact starts to glow when he picks it up. Falling into a trance, Star-Lord experiences a flashback in which his mother Meredith Quill (Courtenay Taylor) gives a young Peter Quill (Jeremy Shada) advice on how to deal with bullies after one broke his walkman cassette player and having him promise to use his words instead of his fists in the future.

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If Peter Quill promises to use his words and not his fists, he tells his mother that he will. Meredith thanks her son. She also fixes Peter Quill's walkman as they listen to a song on it as a meteor shower occurs.
If Peter Quill can't hold on to that promise, he states that he doesn't know what will happen next time. Meredith tells Peter to try for her. She also fixes Peter Quill's walkman as they listen to a song on it as a meteor shower occurs.

text: As they watch the skies, Peter suddenly finds the Eternity Forge in his hands and hears his mother ask to "Come find me" - after which either Gamora or Rocket will snap Star-Lord out of it and tell him that he's been standing there for hours talking to the relic. Realizing the Eternity Forge isn't an inert trinket, Star-Lord decides not to sell it with Thanos' body.

text: After completing the trade of Thanos' body with whoever it was sold to, the team is attacked by Hala the Accuser (Faye Kingslee), her second-in-command Jyn-Xar (Chris Cox) and their small Kree army, demanding the Eternity Forge. During the chaotic battle, Hala manages to steal the Forge from Star-Lord and damage the Milano's engines before escaping back to the Kree's ship, the Revenant. Star-Lord than takes either Gamora or Drax with him in pursuit of Hala.

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If Star-Lord takes Gamora, she states they'll make their way through the ship with as little conflict as possible. Drax the Destroyer tells Star-Lord to kill all the Kree for him - and that he won't forgive him if any are left alive.
If Star-Lord takes Drax the Destroyer with him, Drax the Destroyer states that he shall be a violent worthy ally. Gamora tells Star-Lord not let Drax do anything stupid.

text: Star-Lord and his teammate arrive on the Kree ship, only to discover it barely operational with only a skeleton crew aboard - and a large assortment of preserved Kree corpses in stasis pods. Making their way to the bridge, the pair confront Hala the Accuser and learn the Eternity Forge can supposedly raise the dead, with Hala planning to resurrect her son Bal-Dinn and the rest of the Kree race after they and their entire planet were destroyed by Thanos - which will apparently require numerous "sacrifices" to accomplish. Hala than impales Star-Lord with her lance and incapacitates his teammate, though Rocket manages to intervene with the repaired Milano and blow out the bridge's windows before she can finish them. Star-Lord manages to reclaim the Eternity Forge as it is sucked out into space, while his teammate grabs him and carries him back to the Milano. As the team argues amongst themselves in panic over what to do, Star-Lord succumbs to his injuries.

text: While near-death, Peter Quill relives attending his mother's funeral as a boy and how he was adopted by Yondu (Mark Barbolak), who visited him in the chapel and revealed that Meredith entrusted him to watch over Peter Quill.

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If Peter trusts Yondu, he agrees to go along with Yondu who starts to show him his new home.
If Peter doesn't trust Yondu, this will cause Yondu to forcefully drag him to his new home.

text: Afterwards, the adult Peter finds himself hearing a knocking noise from his mother's casket and opens it, only to find his mother behind him. Placing her hand on his chest, Meredith tells Peter to come find her - while back in the present, the rest of the Guardians are left shocked as the Eternity Forge successfully heals Star-Lord's wound, bringing him back to life.

text: Under Pressure[edit]

text: After Star-Lord is revived, the rest of the Guardians are surprised and disbelieving at what the Eternity Forge did and thought he was possessed at first until he proves his identity. The Guardians are unsure on how the Eternity Forge could bring Star-Lord back to life, but Star-Lord can bring up how Hala mentioned the Forge could resurrect the Kree with enough "sacrifices" - allowing Drax the Destroyer to realize the Eternity Forge trades a life for a life, deducing it must absorbed Thanos' life-force when he died and than gave to Star-Lord to revive him. Just then, the Revenant catches up to the Milano, forcing them to take evasive maneuvers to escape. The Guardians suspect that Hala the Accuser plans on using the Eternity Forge to revive the dead Kree in her ship's stasis pods to create an unlimited army, re-establishing the Kree's empire. In order to lay low and for Rocket Racoon to fix the Milano, Star-Lord states that he knows someone who could help them out.

text: Heading to the planet Rajak in its Neon District, the Guardians arrive at a building where Star-Lord's surrogate father Yondu is living in seclusion. As Star-Lord introduces everyone to Yondu, he witnesses Rocket point his gun at Yondu, stating that he doesn't trust Ravagers. Yondu then has his telekinetic arrow pointed at Rocket in a tense stalemate.

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If Star-Lord asks Rocket what he is planning to do, Rocket states that Yondu's house is already a garbage heap as Star-Lord tells him not to blow Yondu and everyone inside to pieces.
If Star-Lord advises Yondu to put his arrow away, he also tells Yondu that Rocket has been sensitive that everyone is out to kill them. Yondu states that he can add them to the list.

text: Regardless of the choice, the two of them than start to laugh with Yondu revealing the two know each-other rather well, having been buying stuff from Rocket for years. After catching up, Star-Lord shows Yondu the Eternity Forge in hopes of learning more about it. When both of them touch the Eternity Forge, Star-Lord again flashes back to his childhood, where Meredith Quill tells the young Peter that he is meant for more of this life, claiming that he is going to save the galaxy, kill Thanos and change everything - something that surprises Peter as Meredith is describing things she wasn't even there to see. Meredith than asks Peter to sit with her and observe the stars.

text:
If Peter sits by his mother, he does so for just a minute.
If Peter doesn't sit by his mother, he claims that he is cool where he is.

text: As the two of them stare at the stars, Peter notices an hourglass-like constellation with the same shape as the Eternity Forge, with a series of patterns appearing across it that he doesn't recognize. Turning around, Peter realizes his mother is no longer there as he again hears call to "Come find me, Peter." After the flashback ends, Yondu comments that it's been decades since he has seen Meredith's face and the two wonder how she could be connected to the Eternity Forge. As Star-Lord looks over the relic again, glyphs appear over it's surface that Gamora identifies as part of an ancient Kree language. While she can't translate it, Gamora thinks that Nebula might be able to, as the latter had taken something with similar markings for Thanos - though first they would have to find her and convince her to help, before Hala finds her.

text: As Yondu goes to obtain a device that would help repair the Milano, Rocket steps outside and Star-Lord goes to check up on him. As both of them go over what little they understand about the Eternity Forge's capabilities thus far, Rocket reveals that he hopes it can help him with someone he lost. Even though Rocket states he knows that Nebula is the top priority, he tells Star-Lord that they have to stop at Halfworld first so that, if nothing else, he can at least try to use the Eternity Forge. However, Gamora soon after reveals she's found out Nebula (Ashly Burch) has taken Thanos' ship and intends to recover his corpse from whoever the Guardians gave it to - if sold to the Collector, Nebula will be threatening the attendant within his museum for information on Star-Lord, before he and Gamora make their presence known; if sold to the Nova Corps, she will hijack one of their ships and make off with the body on Thanos' vessel, forcing the Milano into a space battle to capture Nebula before the Nova Corps kill her.

text:
If Star-Lord agrees to help Rocket, he tells the rest of the Guardians and Yondu that they will be making a detour to Halfworld. While displeased, Gamora reluctantly agrees to take the detour as Yondu warns Star-Lord to be careful with the newly-repaired Milano. On Halfworld, Star-Lord and Rocket arrive outside the abandoned laboratory where Rocket was created, arriving at a grave that Rocket tries to use the Eternity Forge on. When that fails, Gamora tells Star-Lord that Nebula is tearing apart the place where Thanos' body is being held. By the time the Guardians catch up to Nebula and subdue her, she will have already secured Thanos' body and sent it to a place where she assures he'll receive a proper burial.
If Star-Lord doesn't agree to help Rocket, he tells Rocket that he wishes they could help but must find Nebula first. Rocket is not pleased with the answer and states that he will find his own way to get there. After Yondu fixes the Milano, Star-Lord tells Yondu that Rocket isn't here when asked for him to fire up the engines - only for the group to witness Rocket taking off in Yondu's ship, much to Yondu's dismay. Star-Lord reveals Rocket is going to Halfworld to take care of something as Yondu warns him to keep his group in line. Deciding to catch up with Rocket after they capture Nebula, the Guardians manage to intercept and capture Nebula before off before she can recover Thanos' body. Upon catching up to Rocket on Halfworld, Star-Lord is bitterly told by Rocket that he had his chance to help him and that the Forge didn't work.

text: In either case, when Star-Lord arrives on Halfworld and touches the Eternity Forge on Rocket Raccoon's hand after it fails to work for him, he suddenly experiences a flashback of Rocket Raccoon's past regarding his creation. In it, Rocket is placed in a cage across from the otter Lylla (Fryda Wolff) as the two of them plan their escape. As Rocket assembles a device to help them, he finds information that the scientists are going to eliminate Lylla. Unfortunately, as the two of them evade the robots, Rocket finds that one of the machines managed to land a lethal injection on Lylla. After sealing in the scientist (Chris Cox) and the robots, Lylla opens the doors as she plans to take some of them down with her before the lethal injection kicks in, advising Rocket to leave while he has the chance.

text:
If Rocket honors Lylla's death wish, he says goodbye to Lylla and tells her to mess them up for the both of them, to which Lylla promises that she will. After Rocket escapes, he hears an explosion come from the laboratory and sees smoke emerge, mourning Lylla's death.
If Rocket carries Lylla out of the laboratory, both of them make it out into the open. He then places Lylla's body on the ground as she shares a moment outdoors with Rocket, fulfilling her desire to see the outside world before she dies in his arms.

text: After the memory experience ends, Rocket angrily tells Star-Lord that he had no right to see it, feeling violated at having his past revealed without his permission. Rocket than restores Lylla's grave, which Star-Lord can offer to help with or not, before they return to the Milano. Star-Lord than tries to devise a way to get Nebula's help in deciphering the ancient Kree language, with Gamora suggesting they offer Rocket repairing Nebula's damaged mechanical arm as leverage. Entering Gamora's room, which Nebula has been locked up in, Star-Lord and Gamora explain that they need her to translate the ancient Kree language, but Nebula is reluctant cooperate. When Nebula tells Gamora that she still remembers Tar-Voll, Gamora draws her sword on her as Nebula orders for Gamora to leave.

text:
If Star-Lord has Gamora leave, she does so while warning Star-Lord that she won't help him if she hears screams. Nebula than remarls that she never cared for them.
If Star-Lord agrees with Gamora, he states that Gamora has the right idea in thinking Nebula untrustworthy as he pins Nebula against the wall.

text: Drax the Destroyer later tells Star-Lord that there was a device found in Nebula's skull, and Star-Lord persuades Nebula into giving him the device, though she states that it telling him everything he'll want to know will also mean Star-Lord now owes her. While talking to Gamora and Drax the Destroyer, Star-Lord is told by Drax that the item is a Cypher Module - something that shouldn't exist anymore. Upon uploading it to the translator, Star-Lord uses his mask to read the ancient Kree language and is stunned to find it says "Come find me in the temple", mirroring the words of his mother in the visions. Star-Lord than tells Gamora and Drax the Destroyer that they are going back to the temple.

text: Returning to the unidentified planet with the abandoned Kree outpost, Star-Lord states that Rocket will need some space after what happened on Halfworld and that someone will need to remain behind to guard Nebula. Both Gamora and Drax the Destroyer want the opportunity to guard her - the former to try and reconnect with her sister, the latter because he believes she will start a fight he will need to quell.

text:
If Gamora is chosen to guard Nebula, Star-Lord tells Gamora that she'll be able to tell if Nebula is going to make a move.
If Drax the Destroyer is chosen to guard Nebula, he tells Star-Lord that he won't let him down.

text: On the planet's surface, Star-Lord re-enters the temple with Groot and whoever wasn't chosen to guard Nebula, using his scanner to find that Hala the Accuser was already here before them. Upon activating the switches on the statues, a platform is raised as Star-Lord translates the revealed glyphs on the wall, which exposit on how the Eternity Forge can be wielded responsibly and that "she" will remain entombed throughout the galaxy until than. Star-Lord than discovers that temple in question is at a place called Emnios, while his teammate also notes the images of the Eternity Forge displaying one life being given for every life brought back - which causes Star-Lord to realize why it failed to help Rocket; it wasn't "charged" again after it brought Star-Lord back. When Star-Lord tells whoever was left guarding Nebula to have the Milano's engines fired up for departure, he is told that Rocket is in the engine room with sounds of destruction being head.

text: In the Milano's engine room, Star-Lord finds Rocket is still mourning for Lylla and claims that she is the only thing keeping him alive, as well stating his makeshift computer - all that he has left of her - is no longer working, weeping as he states that he can't fix it this time.

text:
If Star-Lord tells Rocket to move on, he advises that Rocket let go of it, to which Rocket admits he already knows he needs to move on.
If Star-Lord tells Rocket to keep it, he tells Rocket to hold onto it as it means a lot to him, with Rocket solemnly clasping it to his body

text: As a system failure suddenly takes place across the Milano, Star-Lord leaves to deal with it as he tells Groot to help Rocket. However, Star-Lord finds the failure is actually a breech warning, as the ship is under siege by the Kree soldiers with the Revenant closing in on them. As Drax and Gamora fight them off, Nebula offers to help Star-Lord and asks he free her, stating self-preservation as a mutual goal for them to unite under.

text:
If Star-Lord agrees, he will release Nebula with a warning not to betray them, which she fulfills by helping fight off the Kree.
If Star-Lord refuses, he will leave Nebula locked up as she bitterly states he will regret his choice.

text: After dealing with the Kree in the cockpit, Star-Lord heads down to the engine room where he gets shot in the leg by Jyn-Xar, who has defeated Rocket and Groot. With the Eternity Forge in hand, Jyn-Xar states he will return it to Hala, but Star-Lord rants toward Jyn-Xar about the attack as a diversion while Rocket gets back on his feet. Depending on the advice Star-Lord gave him, Rocket will either successfully put the makeshift computer back together to help electrify Jyn-Xar, or rewire the Milano's vents in order to set Jyn-Xar on fire, with Star-Lord reclaiming the Eternity Forge from Jyn-Xar's body. Hala the Accuser than contacts Star-Lord over the radio, warning him that he can't run forever and that the Eternity Forge will be hers. Gamora tells Star-Lord that the Revenant's weapons are coming online while Rocket works to get the engines back online, barely managing to escape. Star-Lord than tells Gamora to set a course to Emnios ,while dropping off their "stowaways" on the way there.

text: Closing in on Emnios, Star-Lord feels certain that his mother is on Emnios, embarking with Gamora through the opened doors into a bright light, where they see the outline of something moving.

text: More Than a Feeling[edit]

text: Following a figure into the white light from the previous episode, Star-Lord again relives a memory from his childhood. In it, the young Peter is dropped off at a music store by his mother so she can pick up a prescription from the pharmacy, having been experiencing painful headaches as of late. As the shopkeeper (Mark Barbolak) copies a mixtape for him to give him mom, Peter is harassed by the local bully Clarence (John Omohundro) who has been regularly attacking him and broke his cassette player. Clarence taunts Peter about his mother being unable to afford her medical bills and that there are rumors she has been going door-to-door begging for handouts. If left uninterrupted, Clarence says his dad is drinking buddies with Meredith's doctor and claims that she's dying, insulting her to her face when she returns to the shop.

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If Peter attacks Clarence, he will punch him hard enough to cause a nosebleed, causing Clarence to throw a radio at him in retaliation, though it ends up missing. Realizing he has only angered Peter further, Clarence panics and freezes up, allowing Peter to tackle him against a shelf and start pummeling him. Meredith pulls Peter off of Clarence, who laments that Peter may have broken his jaw. Disappointed and upset with Peter's actions, Meredith begins to cough and have trouble breathing as the aggravates her condition, causing the shopkeeper to call for an ambulance while Clarence runs away.
If Peter uses his words, he'll brush off Clarence's taunts and mock him for having "elephant ears", causing Clarence to rub in how Meredith kept her terminal condition secret from Peter. If Peter remains calm and insists that his mother just needs proper medicine, Clarence tells Peter to simply buy her poison so that can't waste her money trying to get better anymore. Outraged, Meredith slaps Clarence and intimidates him into fleeing, thanking Peter for not lashing out and apologizing for her poor example in striking Clarence. Peter asks Meredith if Clarence was right about her dying.

text: At the end of the flashback, Peter's mother tells him he is "so close" and tells him to find her, culminating in the adult Star-Lord waking up to find himself back on Earth in the middle of a forest. Walking through woods, he finds Gamora screaming into a field at nothing before muttering about her sister and reacting as if attacked. Confused, Star-Lord approaches Gamora only to have her start swiping at him with her sword, believing that he is Nebula. Getting pinned to the ground, Star-Lord struggles to keep Gamora's blade away from his throat and suddenly begins experiencing one of Gamora's memories just like he had with Rocket Raccoon. In it, Gamora is training with the than-unaltered Nebula in a combat arena, advising Nebula on keeping her awareness at all times when Nebula expresses frustration with being confined. The two continue dueling until finally locking blades, Nebula pleading that Gamora is hurting her.

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If Gamora finishes the fight, she will overpower Nebula and knock her down, but is distracted when Thanos enters the room - which Nebula takes advantage of to kick Gamora's legs out and press a blade to her neck. Thanos than compliments Nebula's use of duplicity to win and if Gamora claims Nebula cheated, Thanos will remark it Gamora's fault for leaving herself open.
If Gamora throws the fight, she eases pressure off of her sword enough for Nebula to knock her down in front of Thanos, much to Gamora's chagrin. If Gamora reveals she let Nebula win the fight, Thanos will still favor Nebula for having taken advantage of Gamora's hesitance.

text: Thanos muses that Nebula may be the greatest assassin in the galaxy and gives the sisters a mission; head to a Kree outpost on Phelion and locate General Tar-Voll, who has obtained a device that Thanos requires. He instructs Gamora to recover the device while Nebula is to kill Tar-Voll, overjoying Nebula with his acknowledgment that she is ready to go out into the galaxy. Thanos than reveals to Gamora in private that his giving Nebula the mission is because he is losing faith in Gamora's capabilities, intending for Nebula to "tighten the slack" - regardless of if she's actually capable enough yet - and that Nebula will in turn be the one who suffers if they fail. After Thanos speaks with Nebula in private, the sisters arrive on Phelion and split up to complete their goals. Infiltrating the command chamber, Gamora kills the guards and obtains the device, but Nebula is overpowered by Tar-Voll, forcing Gamora to step in and kill the General to save her. Enraged that Gamora took her kill, Nebula demands the device so that she doesn't return a failure. Gamora can either comply or refuse, but Nebula will ultimately impale Gamora with her sword to keep her failure a secret, leaving her sister for dead.

text: After the memory experience ends, Gamora reawakens and pins Star-Lord again, forcing him to slap her to snap her out of it. Realizing he saw her memories, Gamora reveals the betrayal is the main reason for her bitterness with Nebula and that her sister resented her acts of protection, seeing it as pity and a lack of trust. However, Gamora states she also blames herself for not being more honest with Nebula about her doubts and that she still wants to repair their relationship, despite fearing that Nebula will never stop resenting her. Returning focus onto what the Temple is trying to show them, Star-Lord and Gamora hear music that the former recognizes as one of his mother's favorites, drawing them to an old chapel in the middle of the forest. Gamora warns Star-Lord to be careful as the Temple is using their memories against them, entering the chapel to find it a recreation of Meredith's funeral, albeit devoid of anybody else. As they approach the podium, the music intensifies and distorts until going quiet when Star-Lord reaches the casket and opens it, releasing a bright light that disperses the memory world and reveals the Temple on Emnios. Finding a large container in place of his mother's casket, Star-Lord and Gamora watch the object open to reveal the body of a female figure, which tumbles onto the floor.

text: Discovering the figure to be a humanoid girl with a pair of antennae, the woman introduces herself as Mantis (Sumalee Montano) and calls Peter by name, claiming they have met before - than asks to borrow Peter's gun. Star-Lord can oblige her or refuse, though either way Mantis will force her prison container over the edge of the platform and destroy it, gladdened to finally be free of her "tomb". Proclaiming Peter to be "the Celestial One", Mantis reveals she was the source of Peter's visions through the Eternity Forge, calling for him to come find her - albeit unconsciously, with the message using Peter's most vivid memories, and by extension Meredith's form, on reflex to communicate it. Apologizing for her actions, Mantis holds Star-Lord's hands and is able read his responses before he even speaks, revealing she is an empath that can read others' emotions or transmit her own to them, explaining her duty is to help "the Celestial One" decide the fate of the Eternity Forge. Returning Mantis to the Milano, Star-Lord and Gamora introduce her to the rest of the Guardians by way of showcasing her abilities on either Drax the Destroyer, Rocket Raccoon or Groot. Star-Lord explains Mantis was the one calling to them through their memories, to which Drax questions how Mantis is connected to the Eternity Forge, despite Rocket's protests against a lengthy narration.

text: If allowed to speak of her past, Mantis explains that the Eternity Forge was brought into existence eons ago as a way to balance the Universe's flow of life-energy, by allowing control over the cycles of life and death. Mantis herself was charged with serving as both it's guardian and a guide for it's wielder to ensure only someone worthy could use it - but when none came, the Kree separated Mantis from the Forge and locked them away separately, so that it's power couldn't be abused. Mantis than explains that there is a legend of "the Celestial One" - a chosen hero with the wisdom and insight to wield the Eternity Forge and decide both it's use and it's ultimate fate - and that Star-Lord is the one the legend speaks of. Rocket is skeptical of the Legend since the Forge wasn't able to bring Lylla back, to which Mantis explains the Eternity Forge is only operating in a limited capacity - unless it is restored to full power, it can only resurrect intact and undamaged corpses, which in turn explains why Hala was preserving Kree bodies. However, Mantis reveals that as the Celestial One, Peter can restore the Forge to it's full power if he returns it to the Sacred Shrine, which would allow it to resurrect any deceased being from any point, though at the cost of one life for another - or he can destroy it to keep it's power forever out of evil hands. Rocket and Drax want to use it to bring back their loved ones, but Gamora and Groot wish it to be destroyed so that it's power can't be abused, by Hala or anyone else.

text: Star-Lord asks if Mantis can take them to the Shrine, to which she states she may be able to sense it's location with his help. However, the unrest and division among the crew makes it too difficult for Mantis to try, asking Star-Lord to speak with them first and find it’s source. Star-Lord finds Groot caring for a potted seedling and Rocket drinking his sorrows away, while Drax the Destroyer feels pensive over hope he'll get his family back and anxiety over Mantis' peering into people's feelings - as well as sympathy for the kind of pain that insight causes. Finally, Star-Lord discovers the primary source of unrest is from Gamora and Nebula, the former voicing frustration and uncertainty over failing to reach her sister. Star-Lord can advise Gamora to either give up on Nebula or keep trying to reach her, before going to speak with Nebula himself. Expressing bitterness at Gamora's attempts to speak with her, Nebula claims her sister doesn't know the full truth behind why she betrayed her, to which Star-Lord suggests she show him via Mantis' empathic abilities. Agreeing, Nebula shows Star-Lord her memories of the sisters' last mission, revealing that she hadn't been trying to kill Gamora; Thanos had been listening in as he believed that Gamora was untrustworthy. When Gamora disobeyed him and killed Tar-Voll, Thanos ordered Nebula to kill Gamora lest he do so himself, albeit slowly and painfully, with Nebula complying in order to save Gamora from Thanos' wrath. Gamora than walks in on Star-Lord viewing Nebula's memories and interrupts, causing another argument between them over each-other's trustworthiness despite them both wanting to reconnect.

text:
If Star-Lord tells Nebula to leave, she will bitterly depart and end up joining Hala the Accuser in order to gain protection from the Nova Corps. She than fights Gamora in the episode's climax, taunting her for never listening to her while Gamora vows to keep defeating her, though the fight ultimately ends with Nebula helping subdue Gamora.
If Star-Lord tells Nebula to stay, she and Gamora finally start to reconcile and Nebula accompanies the Guardians, leaving Gamora hopeful they can regain each-other's trust. Nebula and Gamora fight side-by-side in the episode's climax, expressing happiness at working together again, though Nebula ends up getting injured protecting Gamora.

text: With the crew's feelings now sorted out, Mantis is able to locate the Sacred Shrine and the crew readies to leave. Gamora talks with Star-Lord about the outcome of taking to Nebula, Rocket apologizes for his drunken rant at Peter and Mantis listens to music on Peter's cassette player, voicing anxiety on how much the team is weighed down by their pasts rather than living in the present. Playing some music to help ease tension, Star-Lord helps Mantis acclimatize to the Guardian's chaotic life on the Milano as they travel to the Shrine, which is located in a subterranean cavern on Drobino. Entering the Shrine, Mantis directs Star-Lord to place the Eternity Forge on the central pedestal and energize the temple, though damage to the statues forces them to manually re-adjust the lenses meant to focus power to the platform. Upon focusing the beams of light on the Eternity Forge, Star-Lord is given the choice of whether or not to fully empower it or destroy it, but Hala the Accuser enters immediately afterword with a group of Kree soldiers to try and claim it for herself, though Rocket disarms her of the remote-gauntlet for her lance.

text:
If Star-Lord decides to destroy the Eternity Forge, Drax the Destroyer and Rocket Raccoon feel hurt and betrayed at losing the chance to have their loved ones back, verbally lashing out at Gamora and Groot when they approve of the choice. When Hala enters, the Guardians fight her forces to a standstill but Hala manages to reach the broken Eternity Forge. She than attempts to resurrect her son Bal-Dinn, but his body disintegrates moments after materializing and the stricken Eternity Forge explodes. However, Hala survives the blast, badly burned but infused with the Forge's power, swearing revenge on Peter for costing her the chance to bring back her son and army.
If Star-Lord decides to empower the Eternity Forge, Gamora and Groot will respectively express anger and disappointment at personal attachment superseding the risk, with Drax the Destroyer and Rocket Raccoon criticizing the two for being afraid. When Hala enters, the Guardians fight her forces to a standstill but Hala manages to reach the empowered Eternity Forge. She than uses it to successfully resurrect her son Bal-Dinn (Johnny Yong Bosch), embracing him upon affirming he is alive. Claiming the Eternity Forge for herself, Hala uses it to revive the rest of her soldiers within the Shrine, intent on repeating the process for the Kree's army.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The game was separated into five episodes for release on mobile devices, personal computers, and PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles.[9] The version of the series for the Nintendo Switch was announced in August 2017, though its release date is not yet known.[10]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
"Tangled Up in Blue"
Jonathan Stauder
Zack Keller, Nicole Martinez & Timothy Williams
April 18, 2017 (2017-04-18)[1]

The Guardians help the Nova Corps intercept Thanos as he steals an artifact from an ancient Kree tomb called the Eternity Forge. Star-Lord uses Rocket's atomic gun to kill the Mad Titan, and after a night of celebration at a bar on Knowhere rack up a hefty tab. When getting the money to pay the tab, Hala the Accuser attacks the team and takes the Eternity Forge from Star-Lord's possession to resurrect the extinct Kree Empire. Peter pursues her with (either Drax or Gamora) to her ship. She mortally wounds Star-Lord, who barely escapes her with the Forge. In death, Peter sees his mother who, by way of the Eternity Forge, restores her son to life.

2
"Under Pressure"
Jason Latino
Nicole Martinez, Jessica Krause & Timothy Williams
June 6, 2017 (2017-06-06)[2]

When the Guardians stop on Rajak for repairs, Star-Lord visits his adoptive father Yondu to learn how the Eternity Forge and his mother Meredith are connected. Experiencing another vision, Peter is shown Kree glyphs that Gamora thinks Nebula can translate, but Rocket wishes to detour to Halfworld to see if the Eternity Forge can bring back his lost friend Lylla. After persuading Nebula to help them, the Guardians return to the artifact's temple and are directed to Emnios, but are attacked by Hala's Kree soldiers. Barely escaping, the Guardians arrive on Emnios, where Peter believes he'll find his mother.

3
"More than a Feeling"
TBA
TBA
August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)[3]

Entering the Temple on Emnios, Peter experiences another memory of his childhood while Gamora relives Nebula betraying her. Finding a casket within the Temple, they open it and release an alien named Mantis - the Eternity Forge's guardian and the one who called out to Star-Lord using his mother's image, believing he is "The Celestial One" destined to determine the Forge's fate. Guided by Mantis to the Kree's Sacred Shrine on Drobino, Star-Lord must decide whether to empower or destroy the Eternity Forge - a choice the rest of the Guardians are hotly divided on - before Hala arrives to try and claim it for herself.

4
"Who Needs You"
TBA
TBA
TBA 2017 (TBA 2017)

5
"Don't Stop Believin'"
TBA
TBA
TBA 2017 (TBA 2017)

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Aggregate review scores

Game
Metacritic

Episode 1: Tangled Up in Blue
(PC) 70[11]
(PS4) 72[12]
(XONE) 74[13]

Episode 2: Under Pressure
(PC) 72[14]
(PS4) 70[15]
(XONE) 79[16]

text: Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series received favorable reviews from critics earning praise for its story, voice acting, action sequences, and portrayal of the titular characters, although its humor, animation, and technical issues have been criticized.

text: Episode 1: Tangled Up in Blue[edit]

text: Aggregating review website Metacritic gave the Microsoft Windows version 70/100 based on 20 reviews,[11] the PlayStation 4 version 72/100 based on 29 reviews[12] and the Xbox One version 74/100 based on 12 reviews.[13]

text: Episode 2: Under Pressure[edit]

text: Aggregating review website Metacritic gave the Microsoft Windows version 72/100 based on 11 reviews,[14] the PlayStation 4 version 70/100 based on 8 reviews[15] and the Xbox One version 79/100 based on 5 reviews.[16]


document_title: Hawaii hotspot

question_text: what kind of mantle activity causes volcanism on hawaii

text: Hawaii hotspot

text: Theories[edit]

text: Tectonic plates generally focus deformation and volcanism at plate boundaries. However, the Hawaii hotspot is more than 3,200 kilometers (1,988 mi) from the nearest plate boundary;[1] while studying it in 1963, Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson proposed the hotspot theory to explain these zones of volcanism so far from regular conditions,[3] a theory that has since come into wide acceptance.[4]

text: Wilson's stationary hotspot theory[edit]

text: Wilson proposed that mantle convection produces small, hot buoyant upwellings under the Earth's surface; these thermally active mantle plumes supply magma which in turn sustains long-lasting volcanic activity. This "mid-plate" volcanism builds peaks that rise from relatively featureless sea floor, initially as seamounts and later as fully-fledged volcanic islands. The local tectonic plate (in the case of the Hawaii hotspot, the Pacific Plate) slowly slides over the hotspot, carrying its volcanoes with it without affecting the plume. Over hundreds of thousands of years, the magma supply for the volcano is slowly cut off, eventually going extinct. No longer active enough to overpower erosion, the volcano slowly sinks beneath the waves, becoming a seamount once again. As the cycle continues, a new volcanic center manifests, and a volcanic island arises anew. The process continues until the mantle plume itself collapses.[1]

text: This cycle of growth and dormancy strings together volcanoes over millions of years, leaving a trail of volcanic islands and seamounts across the ocean floor. According to Wilson's theory, the Hawaiian volcanoes should be progressively older and increasingly eroded the further they are from the hotspot, and this is easily observable; the oldest rock in the main Hawaiian islands, that of Kauaʻi, is about 5.5 million years old and deeply eroded, while the rock on Hawaiʻi island is a comparatively young 0.7 million years of age or less, with new lava constantly erupting at Kīlauea, the hotspot's present center.[1][5] Another consequence of his theory is that the chain's length and orientation serves to record the direction and speed of the Pacific Plate's movement. A major feature of the Hawaiian trail is a sudden 60° bend at a 40- to 50-million-year-old section of its length, and according to Wilson's theory, this is evidence of a major change in plate direction, one that would have initiated subduction along much of the Pacific Plate's western boundary.[6] This part of the theory has recently been challenged, and the bend might be attributed to the movement of the hotspot itself.[7]

text: Geophysicists believe that hotspots originate at one of two major boundaries deep in the Earth, either a shallow interface in the lower mantle between an upper convecting layer and a lower non-convecting layer, or a deeper D'' ("D double-prime") layer, approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) thick and immediately above the core-mantle boundary.[8] A mantle plume would initiate at the interface when the warmer lower layer heats a portion of the cooler upper layer. This heated, buoyant, and less-viscous portion of the upper layer would become less dense due to thermal expansion, and rise towards the surface as a Rayleigh-Taylor instability.[8] When the mantle plume reaches the base of the lithosphere, the plume heats it and produces melt. This magma then makes its way to the surface, where it is erupted as lava.[9]

text:
Arguments for the validity of the hotspot theory generally center on the steady age progression of the Hawaiian islands and nearby features:[10] a similar bend in the trail of the Macdonald hotspot, the Austral–Marshall Islands seamount chain, located just south;[11]
other Pacific hotspots following the same age-progressed trend from southeast to northwest in fixed relative positions;[12][13] and seismologic studies of Hawaii which show increased temperatures at the core–mantle boundary, evidencing a mantle plume.[14]

text: Shallow hotspot hypothesis[edit]

text: Another hypothesis is that melting anomalies form as a result of lithospheric extension, which allows pre-existing melt to rise to the surface. These melting anomalies are normally called "hotspots", but under the shallow-source hypothesis the mantle underlying them is not anomalously hot. In the case of the Emperor-Hawaiian seamount chain, the Pacific plate boundary system was very different at ~ 80 Ma, when the Emperor seamount chain began to form. There is evidence that the chain started on a spreading ridge (the Pacific-Kula Ridge) that has now been subducted at the Aleutian trench.[15] The locus of melt extraction may have migrated off the ridge and into the plate interior, leaving a trail of volcanism behind it. This migration may have occurred because this part of the plate was extending in order to accommodate intraplate stress. Thus, a long-lived region of melt escape could have been sustained. Supporters of this hypothesis argue that the wavespeed anomalies seen in seismic tomographic studies cannot be reliably interpreted as hot upwellings originating in the lower mantle.[16][17]

text: Moving hotspot theory[edit]

text: The most heavily challenged element of Wilson's theory is whether or not hotspots are indeed fixed relative to the overlying tectonic plates. Drill samples, collected by scientists as far back as 1963, suggest that the hotspot may have drifted over time, at the relatively rapid pace of about 4 centimeters (1.6 in) per year during the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene eras (81-47 Mya);[18] in comparison, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spreads at a rate of 2.5 cm (1.0 in) per year.[1] In 1987, a study published by Peter Molnar and Joann Stock found that the hotspot does move relative to the Atlantic Ocean; however, they interpreted this as the result of the relative motions of the North American and Pacific plates rather than that of the hotspot itself.[19]

text: In 2001 the Ocean Drilling Program (since merged into the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program), an international research effort to study the world's seafloors, funded a two-month expedition aboard the research vessel JOIDES Resolution to collect lava samples from four submerged Emperor seamounts. The project drilled Detroit, Nintoku, and Koko seamounts, all of which are in the far northwest end of the chain, the oldest section.[20][21] These lava samples were then tested in 2003, suggested a mobile Hawaiian hotspot and a shift in its motion as the cause of the bend.[7][22] Lead scientist John Tarduno told National Geographic:

text: The Hawaii bend was used as a classic example of how a large plate can change motion quickly. You can find a diagram of the Hawaii – Emperor bend entered into just about every introductory geological textbook out there. It really is something that catches your eye."[22]

text: Despite the large shift, the change in direction was never recorded by magnetic declinations, fracture zone orientations or plate reconstructions; nor could a continental collision have occurred fast enough to produce such a pronounced bend in the chain.[23] To test whether or not the bend was a result of a change in direction of the Pacific Plate, scientists analyzed the lava samples' geochemistry to determine where and when they formed. Age was determined by the radiometric dating of radioactive isotopes of potassium and argon. Researchers estimated that the volcanoes formed during a period 81 million to 45 million years ago. Tarduno and his team determined where the volcanoes formed by analyzing the rock for the magnetic mineral magnetite. While hot lava from a volcanic eruption cools, tiny grains within the magnetite align with the Earth's magnetic field, and lock in place once the rock solidifies. Researchers were able to verify the latitudes at which the volcanoes formed by measuring the grains' orientation within the magnetite. Paleomagnetists concluded that the Hawaiian hotspot had drifted southward sometime in its history, and that, 47 million years ago, the hotspot's southward motion greatly slowed, perhaps even stopping entirely.[20][22]

text: History of study[edit]

text: Ancient Hawaiian[edit]

text: The possibility that the Hawaiian islands became older as one moved to the northwest was suspected by ancient Hawaiians long before Europeans arrived. During their voyages, seafaring Hawaiians noticed differences in erosion, soil formation, and vegetation, allowing them to deduce that the islands to the northwest (Niʻihau and Kauaʻi) were older than those to the southeast (Maui and Hawaii).[1] The idea was handed down the generations through the legend of Pele, the fiery Hawaiian Goddess of Volcanoes.

text: Pele was born to the female spirit Haumea, or Hina, who, like all Hawaiian gods and goddesses, descended from the supreme beings, Papa, or Earth Mother, and Wakea, or Sky Father.[24]:63[25] According to the myth, Pele originally lived on Kauai, when her older sister Nāmaka, the Goddess of the Sea, attacked her for seducing her husband. Pele fled southeast to the island of Oahu. When forced by Nāmaka to flee again, Pele moved southeast to Maui and finally to Hawaii, where she still lives in the Halemaumau Crater at the summit of Kīlauea. There she was safe, because the slopes of the volcano are so high that even Nāmaka's mighty waves could not reach her. Pele's mythical flight, which alludes to an eternal struggle between volcanic islands and ocean waves, is consistent with geologic evidence about the ages of the islands decreasing to the southeast.[1][18]

text: Modern studies[edit]

text: Three of the earliest recorded observers of the volcanoes were the Scottish scientists Archibald Menzies in 1794,[26] James Macrae in 1825,[27] and David Douglas in 1834. Just reaching the summits proved daunting: Menzies took three attempts to ascend Mauna Loa, and Douglas died on the slopes of Mauna Kea. The United States Exploring Expedition spent several months studying the islands in 1840–1841.[28] American geologist James Dwight Dana was on that expedition, as was Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, who spent most of the time leading a team of hundreds that hauled a pendulum to the summit of Mauna Loa to measure gravity. Dana stayed with missionary Titus Coan, who would provide decades of first-hand observations.[29] Dana published a short paper in 1852.[30]

text: Dana remained interested in the origin of the Hawaiian Islands, and directed a more in-depth study in 1880 and 1881. He confirmed that the islands' age increased with their distance from the southeastern-most island by observing differences in their degree of erosion. He also suggested that many other island chains in the Pacific showed a similar general increase in age from southeast to northwest. Dana concluded that the Hawaiian chain consisted of two volcanic strands, located along distinct but parallel curving pathways. He coined the terms "Loa" and "Kea" for the two prominent trends. The Kea trend includes the volcanoes of Kīlauea, Mauna Kea, Kohala, Haleakalā, and West Maui. The Loa trend includes Lōiʻhi, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, Kahoʻolawe, Lānaʻi, and West Molokaʻi. Dana proposed that the alignment of the Hawaiian Islands reflected localized volcanic activity along a major fissure zone. Dana's "great fissure" theory served as the working hypothesis for subsequent studies until the mid-20th century.[23]

text: Dana's work was followed up by geologist C. E. Dutton's 1884 expedition, who refined and expanded Dana's ideas. Most notably, Dutton established that the island of Hawaii actually harbored five volcanoes, whereas Dana counted three. This is because Dana had originally regarded Kīlauea as a flank vent of Mauna Loa, and Kohala as part of Mauna Kea. Dutton also refined others of Dana's observations, and is credited with the naming of 'a'ā and pāhoehoe-type lavas, although Dana had noted a distinction. Stimulated by Dutton's expedition, Dana returned in 1887, and published many accounts of his expedition in the American Journal of Science. In 1890 he published the most detailed manuscript of its day, and remained the definitive guide to Hawaiian volcanism for decades. 1909 saw the publication of two large volumes which extensively quoted from earlier works now out of circulation.[31]:154–155

text: In 1912 geologist Thomas Jaggar founded the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The facility was taken over in 1919 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in 1924 by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), which marked the start of continuous volcano observation on Hawaii island. The next century was a period of thorough investigation, marked by contributions from many top scientists. The first complete evolutionary model was first formulated in 1946, by USGS geologist and hydrologist Harold T. Stearns. Since that time, advances have enabled the study of previously limited areas of observation (e.g. improved rock dating methods and submarine volcanic stages).[31]:157[32]

text: In the 1970s, the Hawaiian seafloor was mapped using ship-based sonar. Computed SYNBAPS (Synthetic Bathymetric Profiling System)[33] data filled holes between the ship-based sonar bathymetric measurements.[19][34] From 1994 to 1998[35] the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) mapped Hawaii in detail and studied its ocean floor, making it one of the world's best-studied marine features. The JAMSTEC project, a collaboration with USGS and other agencies, utilized manned submersibles, remotely operated underwater vehicles, dredge samples, and core samples.[36] The Simrad EM300 multibeam  side-scanning sonar system collected bathymetry and backscatter data.[35]

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Position[edit]

text: The Hawaii hotspot has been imaged through seismic tomography, and is estimated to be 500–600 km (310–370 mi) wide.[37][38] Tomographic images show a thin low-velocity zone extending to a depth of 1,500 km (930 mi), connecting with a large low-velocity zone extending from a depth of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) to the core-mantle boundary. These low seismic velocity zones often indicate hotter and more buoyant mantle material, consistent with a plume originating in the lower mantle and a pond of plume material in the upper mantle. The low-velocity zone associated with the source of the plume is north of Hawaiʻi, showing that the plume is tilted to a certain degree, deflected toward the south by mantle flow.[39] Uranium decay-series disequilibria data has shown that the actively flowing region of the melt zone is 220 ± 40 km (137 ± 25 mi) km wide at its base and 280 ± 40 km (174 ± 25 mi) at the upper mantle upwelling, consistent with tomographic measurements.[40]

text: Temperature[edit]

text: Indirect studies found that the magma chamber is located about 90–100 kilometers (56–62 mi) underground, which matches the estimated depth of the Cretaceous Period rock in the oceanic lithosphere; this may indicate that the lithosphere acts as a lid on melting by arresting the magma's ascent. The magma's original temperature was found in two ways, by testing garnet's melting point in lava and by adjusting the lava for olivine deterioration. Both USGS tests seem to confirm the temperature at about 1,500 °C (2,730 °F); in comparison, the estimated temperature for mid-ocean ridge basalt is about 1,325 °C (2,417 °F).[41]

text: The surface heat flow anomaly around the Hawaiian Swell is only of the order of 10 mW/m2,[42][43] far less than the continental United States range of 25 to 150 mW/m2.[44] This is unexpected for the classic model of a hot, buoyant plume in the mantle. However, it has been shown that other plumes display highly variable surface heat fluxes and that this variability may be due to variable hydrothermal fluid flow in the Earth's crust above the hotspots. This fluid flow advectively removes heat from the crust, and the measured conductive heat flow is therefore lower than the true total surface heat flux.[43] The low heat across the Hawaiian Swell indicates that it is not supported by a buoyant crust or upper lithosphere, but is rather propped up by the upwelling hot (and therefore less-dense) mantle plume that causes the surface to rise[42] through a mechanism known as "dynamic topography".

text: Movement[edit]

text: Hawaiian volcanoes drift northwest from the hotspot at a rate of about 5–10 centimeters (2.0–3.9 in) a year.[18] The hotspot has migrated south by about 800 kilometers (497 mi) relative to the Emperor chain.[23] Paleomagnetic studies support this conclusion based on changes in Earth's magnetic field, a picture of which was engrained in the rocks at the time of their solidification,[45] showing that these seamounts formed at higher latitudes than present-day Hawaii. Prior to the bend, the hotspot migrated an estimated 7 centimeters (2.8 in) per year; the rate of movement changed at the time of the bend to about 9 centimeters (3.5 in) per year.[23] The Ocean Drilling Program provided most of the current knowledge about the drift. The 2001[46] expedition drilled six seamounts and tested the samples to determine their original latitude, and thus the characteristics and speed of the hotspot's drift pattern in total.[47]

text: Each successive volcano spends less time actively attached to the plume. The large difference between the youngest and oldest lavas between Emperor and Hawaiian volcanoes indicates that the hotspot's velocity is increasing. For example, Kohala, the oldest volcano on Hawaii island, is one million years old and last erupted 120,000 years ago, a period of just under 900,000 years; whereas one of the oldest, Detroit Seamount, experienced 18 million or more years of volcanic activity.[21]

text: The oldest volcano in the chain, Meiji Seamount, perched on the edge of the Aleutian Trench, formed 85 million years ago.[48] At its current velocity, the seamount will be destroyed within a few million years, as the Pacific Plate slides under the Eurasian Plate. It is unknown whether the seamount chain has been subducting under the Eurasian Plate, and whether the hotspot is older than Meiji Seamount, as any older seamounts have since been destroyed by the plate margin. It is also possible that a collision near the Aleutian Trench had changed the velocity of the Pacific Plate, explaining the hotspot chain's bend; the relationship between these features is still being investigated.[23][49]

text: Magma[edit]

text: The composition of the volcanoes' magma has changed significantly according to analysis of the strontium–niobium–palladium elemental ratios. The Emperor Seamounts were active for at least 46 million years, with the oldest lava dated to the Cretaceous Period, followed by another 39 million years of activity along the Hawaiian segment of the chain, totaling 85 million years. Data demonstrate vertical variability in the amount of strontium present in both the alkalic (early stages) and tholeitic (later stages) lavas. The systematic increase slows drastically at the time of the bend.[48]

text: Almost all magma created by the hotspot is igneous basalt; the volcanoes are constructed almost entirely of this or the similar in composition but coarser-grained gabbro and diabase. Other igneous rocks such as nephelinite are present in small quantities; these occur often on the older volcanoes, most prominently Detroit Seamount.[48] Most eruptions are runny because basaltic magma is less viscous than magmas characteristic of more explosive eruptions such as the andesitic magmas that produce spectacular and dangerous eruptions around Pacific Basin margins.[7] Volcanoes fall into several eruptive categories. Hawaiian volcanoes are called "Hawaiian-type". Hawaiian lava spills out of craters and forms long streams of glowing molten rock, flowing down the slope, covering acres of land and replacing ocean with new land.[50]

text: Eruption frequency and scale[edit]

text: There is significant evidence that lava flow rates have been increasing. Over the last six million years they have been far higher than ever before, at over 0.095 km3 (0.023 cu mi) per year. The average for the last million years is even higher, at about 0.21 km3 (0.050 cu mi). In comparison, the average production rate at a mid-ocean ridge is about 0.02 km3 (0.0048 cu mi) for every 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) of ridge. The rate along the Emperor seamount chain averaged about 0.01 cubic kilometers (0.0024 cu mi) per year. The rate was almost zero for the initial five million or so years in the hotspot's life. The average lava production rate along the Hawaiian chain has been greater, at  0.017 km3 (0.0041 cu mi) per year.[23] In total, the hotspot has produced an estimated 750,000 cubic kilometers (180,000 cu mi) of lava, enough to cover California with a layer about 1.5 kilometers (1 mi) thick.[5][18][51][52][53]

text: The distance between individual volcanoes has shrunk. Although volcanoes have been drifting north faster and spending less time active, the far greater modern eruptive volume of the hotspot has generated more closely spaced volcanoes, and many of them overlap, forming such superstructures as Hawaiʻi island and the ancient Maui Nui. Meanwhile, many of the volcanoes in the Emperor seamounts are separated by 100 kilometers (62 mi) or even as much as 200 kilometers (124 mi).[52][53]

text: Topography and geoid[edit]

text: A detailed topographic analysis of the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain reveals the hotspot as the center of a topographic high, and that elevation falls with distance from the hotspot. The most rapid decrease in elevation and the highest ratio between the topography and geoid height are over the southeastern part of the chain, falling with distance from the hotspot, particularly at the intersection of the Molokai and Murray fracture zones. The most likely explanation is that the region between the two zones is more susceptible to reheating than most of the chain. Another possible explanation is that the hotspot strength swells and subsides over time.[34]

text: In 1953, Robert S. Dietz and his colleagues first identified the swell behavior. It was suggested that the cause was mantle upwelling. Later work pointed to tectonic uplift, caused by reheating within the lower lithosphere. However, normal seismic activity beneath the swell, as well as lack of detected heat flow, caused scientists to suggest dynamic topography as the cause, in which the motion of the hot and buoyant mantle plume supports the high surface topography around the islands.[42] Understanding the Hawaiian swell has important implications for hotspot study, island formation, and inner Earth.[34]

text: Seismicity[edit]

text: The Hawaii hotspot is a highly active seismic zone with thousands of earthquakes occurring on and near Hawaii island every year. Most are too small to be felt by people but some are large enough to result in minor to moderate devastation.[54] The most destructive recorded earthquake was the April 2, 1868 earthquake which had a magnitude of 7.9 on the Richter scale.[55] It triggered a landslide on Mauna Loa, 5 mi (8.0 km) north of Pahala, killing 31 people.  A tsunami claimed 46 more lives. The villages of Punaluʻu, Nīnole, Kawaa, Honuapo, and Keauhou Landing were severely damaged. The tsunami reportedly rolled over the tops of the coconut trees up to 60 ft (18 m) high and it reached inland a distance of a quarter of a mile (400 meters) in some places.[56]

text: Volcanoes[edit]

text: Over its 85 million year history, the Hawaii hotspot has created at least 129 volcanoes, more than 123 of which are extinct volcanoes, seamounts, and atolls, four of which are active volcanoes, and two of which are dormant volcanoes.[21][47][57] They can be organized into three general categories: the Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises most of the U.S. state of Hawaii and is the location of all modern volcanic activity; the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, which consist of coral atolls, extinct islands, and atoll islands; and the Emperor Seamounts, all of which have since eroded and subsided to the sea and become seamounts and guyots (flat-topped seamounts).[58]

text: Volcanic characteristics[edit]

text: Hawaiian volcanoes are characterized by frequent rift eruptions, their large size (thousands of cubic kilometers in volume), and their rough, decentralized shape. Rift zones are a prominent feature on these volcanoes, and account for their seemingly random volcanic structure.[59] The tallest mountain in the Hawaii chain, Mauna Kea, rises 4,205 meters (13,796 ft) above mean sea level. Measured from its base on the seafloor, it is the world's tallest mountain, at 10,203 meters (33,474 ft); Mount Everest rises 8,848 meters (29,029 ft) above sea level.[60] Hawaii is surrounded by a myriad of seamounts; however, they were found to be unconnected to the hotspot and its volcanism.[36] Kīlauea has erupted continuously since 1983 through Puʻu ʻŌʻō, a minor volcanic cone, which has become an attraction for volcanologists and tourists alike.[61]

text: Landslides[edit]

text: The Hawaiian islands are carpeted by a large number of landslides sourced from volcanic collapse. Bathymetric mapping has revealed at least 70 large landslides on the island flanks over 20 km (12 mi) in length, and the longest are 200 km (120 mi) long and over 5,000 km3 (1,200 cu mi) in volume. These debris flows can be sorted into two broad categories: slumps, mass movement over slopes which slowly flatten their originators, and more catastrophic debris avalanches, which fragment volcanic slopes and scatter volcanic debris past their slopes. These slides have caused massive tsunamis and earthquakes, fractured volcanic massifs, and scattered debris hundreds of miles away from their source.[62]

text: Slumps tend to be deeply rooted in their originators, moving rock up to 10 km (6 mi) deep inside the volcano. Forced forward by the mass of newly ejected volcanic material, slumps may creep forward slowly, or surge forward in spasms that have caused the largest of Hawaii's historical earthquakes, in 1868 and 1975. Debris avalanches, meanwhile, are thinner and longer, and are defined by volcanic amphitheaters at their head and hummocky terrain at their base. Rapidly moving avalanches carried 10 km (6 mi) blocks tens of kilometers away, disturbing the local water column and causing a tsunami. Evidence of these events exists in the form of marine deposits high on the slopes of many Hawaiian volcanoes,[62] and has marred the slopes of several Emperor seamounts, such as Daikakuji Guyot and Detroit Seamount.[21]

text: Evolution and construction[edit]

text: Hawaiian volcanoes follow a well-established life cycle of growth and erosion. After a new volcano forms, its lava output gradually increases. Height and activity both peak when the volcano is around 500,000 years old and then rapidly decline. Eventually it goes dormant, and eventually extinct. Erosion then weathers the volcano until it again becomes a seamount.[58]

text: This life cycle consists of several stages. The first stage is the submarine preshield stage, currently represented solely by Lōʻihi Seamount. During this stage, the volcano builds height through increasingly frequent eruptions. The sea's pressure prevents explosive eruptions. The cold water quickly solidifies the lava, producing the pillow lava that is typical of underwater volcanic activity.[58][63]

text: As the seamount slowly grows, it goes through the shield stages. It forms many mature features, such as a caldera, while submerged. The summit eventually breaches the surface, and the lava and ocean water "battle" for control as the volcano enters the explosive subphase. This stage of development is exemplified by explosive steam vents. This stage produces mostly volcanic ash, a result of the waves dampening the lava.[58] This conflict between lava and sea influences Hawaiian mythology.[24]:8–11

text: The volcano enters the subaerial subphase once it is tall enough to escape the water. Now the volcano puts on 95% of its above-water height over roughly 500,000 years. Thereafter eruptions become much less explosive. The lava released in this stage often includes both pāhoehoe and ʻaʻā, and the currently active Hawaiian volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Kīlauea, are in this phase. Hawaiian lava is often runny, blocky, slow, and relatively easy to predict; the USGS tracks where it is most likely to run, and maintains a tourist site for viewing the lava.[58][64]

text: After the subaerial phase the volcano enters a series of postshield stages involving subsidence and erosion, becoming an atoll and eventually a seamount. Once the Pacific Plate moves it out of the 20 °C (68 °F) tropics, the reef mostly dies away, and the extinct volcano becomes one of an estimated 10,000 barren seamounts worldwide.[58][65] Every Emperor seamount is a dead volcano.


document_title: Sister Christian

question_text: what movie is the song sister christian in

text: Sister Christian

text: Origin and meaning[edit]

text: The song is about Keagy's little sister, Christy. Keagy wrote the song at his apartment, near Divisadero and California streets in San Francisco, after he had just returned from a visit to his hometown of Eugene, Oregon. He had been struck at how fast his teenaged sister, 10 years younger than he was, was growing up.[4]

text: "After we started playing it a lot, Jack turned to me and said, 'What exactly are you saying?'" Keagy recalled. "He thought the words were Sister Christian, instead of Sister Christy, so it just stuck."[4]

text: The lyric, "You're motoring. What's your price for flight? In finding Mr. Right?" is the subject of much debate. The band stated in a VH-1 Behind the Music interview[5] that the term "motoring" was synonymous with the term "cruising."

text: Differences between album version and 7" single version[edit]

text: On the single version, part of the second chorus is omitted. More specifically, the words "You've got him in your sight. And driving through the night," are omitted from the single version. The third chorus is repeated once on the album version, but not on the single.[6]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video (which uses the shorter single version) was filmed in San Rafael High School.

text: Other versions[edit]

text: A newly recorded acoustic version of the song was produced for the band's ninth album, Hole in the Sun.[7] A medley at the beginning of the movie Rock of Ages starts with a cover of this song.

text: Glee covered the song in its Season Four premiere episode, "The New Rachel." It was sung by junior student Brody Weston (portrayed by Dean Geyer) in the co-ed bathrooms of NYADA. Foster Farms covered the song with singing chickens.[8] Jensen Ackles covered the song at VegasCon 2015 Salute to Supernatural Las Vegas 2015, with the band Louden Swain, and Rob Benedict.[9][10]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1984-1985)
Peak
position

Australia (Kent Music Report)
99

Canada (RPM)[11]
1

Germany (Media Control Charts)[12]
67

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
5

U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks
2

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: On ESPN's NFL Primetime, Chris Berman called former running back Bob Christian Bob "Sister" Christian.[citation needed] In the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, the song was played on Emotion 98.3, which was one of the radio stations in the game.

text: In an episode of Parks and Recreation from 2014, Yo La Tengo dressed as Indiana basketball coach Bob Knight and performed "Sister Christian" as the 'Bobby Knight Rangers'. The song appears multiple times in American Dad!, and most famously in the climatic drug deal scene from Paul Thomas Anderson's Boogie Nights. The song is briefly featured in the 2009 film Friday the 13th.


document_title: FIFA World Cup awards

question_text: golden boot winner in fifa world cup 2014

text: FIFA World Cup awards

text: Awards[edit]

text: There are currently five post-tournament awards, and one given during the tourney:[1]

text:
the Golden Ball (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Ball") for best player, first awarded in 1982;
the Golden Boot (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Boot", previously known as the "adidas Golden Shoe" from 1982 to 2006) for top goal scorer, first awarded in 1982;
the Golden Glove Award (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Glove"; previously known as the "Lev Yashin Award" from 1994 to 2006) for best goalkeeper, first awarded in 1994;
the Best Young Player (currently commercially termed as "Hyundai Best Young Player") award for best player under 21 years of age at the start of the calendar year, first awarded in 2006;
the FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team that advanced to the second round with the best record of fair play, first awarded in 1970;
the Man of the Match Award (currently commercially termed as "Budweiser Man of the Match") for outstanding performance during each game of the tournament, first awarded in 2002.

text: Two other awards were given between 1994 and 2006.[2]

text:
The Most Entertaining Team award for the team that has entertained the public the most, during the World Cup final tournament, as determined by a poll of the general public.
An All-Star Team comprising the best players of the tournament chosen by the technical study group.

text: Golden Ball[edit]

text: The Golden Ball award is presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals, with a shortlist drawn up by the FIFA technical committee and the winner voted for by representatives of the media. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the Silver Ball and Bronze Ball awards as the second and third most outstanding players in the tournament respectively. The current award was introduced in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, sponsored by Adidas and France Football, though fifa.com also lists in their player articles as "golden ball winners" Kempes, Cruyff, Pelé, Bobby Charlton, Garrincha and Didi for 1978, 1974, 1970, 1966, 1962 and 1958 respectively.[3] FC Barcelona is the club with the most players (3) that have won the Golden Ball award (Johan Cruyff - 1974, Romário - 1994, Lionel Messi - 2014).

text:
Best Player

1930: Nasazzi
1934: Meazza
1938: Leônidas
1950: Zizinho
1954: Puskás
1958: Didi
1962: Garrincha
1966: Charlton
1970: Pelé
1974: Cruijff
1978: Kempes

2nd Best Player

1930: Stábile
1934: Sindelar
1938: Piola
1950: Schiaffino
1954: Kocsis
1958: Pelé
1962: Masopust
1966: Moore
1970: Gérson
1974: Beckenbauer
1978: Rossi

3rd Best Player

1930: Andrade
1934: Nejedlý
1938: Sárosi
1950: Ademir
1954: Walter
1958: Fontaine
1962: Sánchez
1966: Eusébio
1970: Müller
1974: Deyna
1978: Dirceu

text:
Adidas Golden Ball[4]

World Cup
Golden Ball
Silver Ball
Bronze Ball

1982 Spain
 Paolo Rossi
 Falcão
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

1986 Mexico
 Diego Maradona
 Harald Schumacher
 Preben Elkjær Larsen

1990 Italy
 Salvatore Schillaci
 Lothar Matthäus
 Diego Maradona

1994 United States
 Romário
 Roberto Baggio
 Hristo Stoichkov

1998 France
 Ronaldo
 Davor Šuker
 Lilian Thuram

2002 Korea/Japan
 Oliver Kahn
 Ronaldo
 Hong Myung-bo

2006 Germany
 Zinedine Zidane
 Fabio Cannavaro
 Andrea Pirlo

2010 South Africa
 Diego Forlán
 Wesley Sneijder
 David Villa

2014 Brazil
 Lionel Messi
 Thomas Müller
 Arjen Robben

text: Golden Boot[edit]

text: The Golden Boot or Golden Shoe Award goes to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup. While every World Cup had a ranking of the goalscorers, the first time an award was given was in 1982,[5] under the name Golden Shoe.[3] It was rechristened Golden Boot in 2010.[6] FIFA sometimes lists the top goalscorers of previous Cups among the Golden Boot winners.[7]

text: If there is more than one player with the same number of goals, since 1994 the tie-breaker goes to the player who has contributed the most assists - with the FIFA Technical Study Group deciding whether an assist is to be counted as such.[8][9] If there is still more than one player, the tie-breaker since 2006 goes to the player who has played the least amount of time.[10]

text:
Top Goalscorer (no award)[11][12]

World Cup
Top goalscorer
Goals
Runners-up
Goals
Third place
Goals

1930 Uruguay
 Guillermo Stábile
8
 Pedro Cea
5
 Bert Patenaude
4

1934 Italy
 Oldřich Nejedlý
5(1)
 Edmund Conen
 Angelo Schiavio
4
None

1938 France
 Leônidas
7(2)
 György Sárosi
 Gyula Zsengellér
 Silvio Piola
5
None

1950 Brazil
 Ademir
8(3)
 Óscar Míguez
5
 Alcides Ghiggia
 Chico
 Estanislau Basora
 Telmo Zarra
4

1954 Switzerland
 Sándor Kocsis
11
 Josef Hügi
 Max Morlock
 Erich Probst
6
None

1958 Sweden
 Just Fontaine
13
 Pelé
 Helmut Rahn
6
None

1962 Chile
 Flórián Albert
 Valentin Ivanov
 Garrincha
 Vavá
 Dražan Jerković
 Leonel Sánchez
4
None

None

1966 England
 Eusébio
9
 Helmut Haller
6
 Valeriy Porkujan
 Geoff Hurst
 Ferenc Bene
 Franz Beckenbauer
4

1970 Mexico
 Gerd Müller
10
 Jairzinho
7
 Teófilo Cubillas
5

1974 West Germany
 Grzegorz Lato
7
 Andrzej Szarmach
 Johan Neeskens
5
None

1978 Argentina[13]
 Mario Kempes
6
 Teófilo Cubillas
5
 Rob Rensenbrink
5

text:
Golden Shoe[7]

World Cup
Golden Shoe
Goals
Silver Shoe
Goals
Bronze Shoe
Goals

1982 Spain
 Paolo Rossi
6
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
5
 Zico
4

1986 Mexico
 Gary Lineker
6
 Emilio Butragueño
 Careca
 Diego Maradona
5
None[14]

1990 Italy
 Salvatore Schillaci
6
 Tomáš Skuhravý
5
 Roger Milla
4

1994 United States
 Oleg Salenko(4)
 Hristo Stoichkov
6
None(5)
 Kennet Andersson
 Romário
5(6)

1998 France[15]
 Davor Šuker
6
 Gabriel Batistuta
 Christian Vieri
5
None(7)

2002 South Korea/Japan[16]
 Ronaldo
8(8)
 Miroslav Klose
 Rivaldo
5
None(7)

2006 Germany[17]
 Miroslav Klose
5
 Hernán Crespo
3(9)
 Ronaldo
3(9)

text:
Golden Boot[7]

World Cup
Golden Boot
Goals
Silver Boot
Goals
Bronze Boot
Goals

2010 South Africa
 Thomas Müller
5(10)
 David Villa
5(10)
 Wesley Sneijder
5(10)

2014 Brazil
 James Rodríguez
6
 Thomas Müller
5
 Neymar
4(11)

text: 1 FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals, which would make him joint top scorer with Angelo Schiavio of Italy and Edmund Conen of Germany. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, making Nejedlý the outright top scorer.[18]

text: 2 FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals. However, in November 2006, FIFA confirmed that in the quarter-final tie against Czechoslovakia, he had scored once, not twice as FIFA had originally recorded, meaning he had scored only seven goals in total.[18]

text: 3 There was controversy regarding the number of goals Brazilian Ademir had scored in 1950, as a result of incomplete data concerning the Final Round game Brazil vs. Spain (6–1). The 5–0 goal had been credited to Jair, but is now credited to Ademir[19][20]

text: 4 Salenko is the only player to win the award playing for a team that were eliminated in the group stages. His six goals are the only international goals he ever scored.

text: 5 Despite the assist tiebreaker, Salenko and Stoichkov remained tied with 6 goals and one assist each, and both received the Golden Shoe.[8]

text: 6 Romário and Andersson surpassed the other two players with five goals (Jürgen Klinsmann and Roberto Baggio) by having three assists each.[8][21]

text: 7 Both runners-up had the same number of assists, and each received the Silver Shoe.

text: 8 During the tournament, after the group stage match against Costa Rica, Ronaldo logged a protest against the crediting of a goal as an own goal, and FIFA granted him the change.[22]

text: 9 Eight players had scored three goals. Ronaldo, Crespo and Zinedine Zidane stood out for having one assist, and then the two recipients were determined by less playtime (308 minutes for Crespo, 411 for Ronaldo, 559 for Zidane).[23]

text: 10 Müller, Villa, Sneijder and Diego Forlán tied with five goals. Müller won by virtue of having more assists (3) than the rest (each had one). Villa won the Silver Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Sneijder, and Sneijder won the Bronze Boot due to having played fewer minutes than Forlán.[24]

text: 11 Neymar, Lionel Messi and Robin van Persie all had four goals in the tournament. Neymar received the Bronze Boot for playing fewer minutes than his competitors.[25]

text: Golden Glove[edit]

text: The Golden Glove Award is awarded to the best goalkeeper of the tournament. The award was introduced with the name Lev Yashin Award in 1994, in honor of the late Soviet goalkeeper.[5] The FIFA Technical Study Group recognises the top goalkeeper of the tournament based on the player's performance throughout the final competition. Although goalkeepers have this specific award for their position, they are still eligible for the Golden Ball as well, as when Oliver Kahn was awarded in 2002. Although the Golden Glove Award was first awarded in 1994, every All-Star Team in World Cups prior to 1998 but 1990 included only one goalkeeper.

text:
World Cup
Goalkeeper(s) included in the All-Star Team

1930 Uruguay
 Enrique Ballestrero

1934 Italy
 Ricardo Zamora

1938 France
 František Plánička

1950 Brazil
 Roque Máspoli

1954 Switzerland
 Gyula Grosics

1958 Sweden
 Harry Gregg

1962 Chile
 Viliam Schrojf

1966 England
 Gordon Banks

1970 Mexico
 Ladislao Mazurkiewicz

1974 West Germany
 Sepp Maier

1978 Argentina
 Ubaldo Fillol

1982 Spain
 Dino Zoff

1986 Mexico
 Jean-Marie Pfaff

1990 Italy
 Luis Gabelo Conejo
 Sergio Goycochea

text: The Yashin Award was first awarded in 1994.

text:
World Cup
Yashin Award winner

1994 United States
 Michel Preud'homme

1998 France
 Fabien Barthez

2002 Korea/Japan
 Oliver Kahn

2006 Germany
 Gianluigi Buffon

text: The award was renamed the Golden Glove Award in 2010.

text:
World Cup
Golden Glove Award winner

2010 South Africa
 Iker Casillas

2014 Brazil
 Manuel Neuer

text: Best Young Player Award[edit]

text: The Best Young Player award was awarded for the first time at the 2006 World Cup in Germany and given to Germany's Lukas Podolski.[26] The award is given to the best player in the tournament who is at most 21 years old. For the 2014 World Cup, this meant that the player had to have been born on or after 1 January 1993. The election took place on FIFA's official World Cup website with the help of The FIFA Technical Study Group.[27]

text: FIFA organised a survey on the Internet for users to choose the "best young player" of the World Cup, between 1958 and 2002, named the best young player of each tournament.[28] With 61% of the overall vote, the winner was Pelé, who finished ahead of the Peruvian Teófilo Cubillas, the best young player at Mexico 1970, and England's Michael Owen, who reached similar heights at France 98.[29]

text:
World Cup
Best Young Player
Age

1958 Sweden
 Pelé
17

1962 Chile
 Flórián Albert
20

1966 England
 Franz Beckenbauer
20

1970 Mexico
 Teófilo Cubillas
21

1974 West Germany
 Władysław Żmuda
20

1978 Argentina
 Antonio Cabrini
20

1982 Spain
 Manuel Amoros
21

1986 Mexico
 Enzo Scifo
20

1990 Italy
 Robert Prosinečki
21

1994 United States
 Marc Overmars
21

1998 France
 Michael Owen
18

2002 Korea/Japan
 Landon Donovan
20

text: The Best Young Player Award was first awarded in 2006.

text:
World Cup
Best Young Player Award
Age

2006 Germany
 Lukas Podolski[26]
21

2010 South Africa
 Thomas Müller[30]
20

2014 Brazil
 Paul Pogba[31]
21

text: FIFA Fair Play Trophy[edit]

text: The FIFA Fair Play Trophy is given to the team with the best record of fair play during the World Cup final tournament since 1970. Only teams that qualified for the second round are considered. The winners of this award earn the FIFA Fair Play Trophy, a diploma, a fair play medal for each player and official, and $50,000 worth of football equipment to be used for youth development.[32]

text: The appearance of the award was originally a certificate. From 1982 to 1990, it had been a golden trophy based on Sport Billy, a football-playing cartoon character from 1982 who became an icon for FIFA Fair play.[33][34] Ever since 1994, it is simply a trophy with an elegant footballer figure.[35] Peru was the first nation to win the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the 1970 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico.[36]

text:
World Cup
FIFA Fair Play Trophy Winners

1970 Mexico
 Peru

1974 West Germany
 West Germany

1978 Argentina
 Argentina

1982 Spain
 Brazil

1986 Mexico
 Brazil

1990 Italy
 England

1994 United States
 Brazil

1998 France
 England
 France

2002 Korea/Japan
 Belgium

2006 Germany
 Brazil
 Spain

2010 South Africa
 Spain

2014 Brazil
 Colombia

text: Man of the Match[edit]

text: The Man of the Match award picks the outstanding player in every game of the tournament since 2002. While the inaugural two editions were chosen by the technical group,[37][38] the Man of the Match is since 2010 picked by an online poll on FIFA's website.[39][40]

text:
World Cup
Most Man of the Match wins
Wins

2002 South Korea/Japan
 Rivaldo
3

2006 Germany
 Andrea Pirlo
3

2010 South Africa
 Wesley Sneijder
4

2014 Brazil
 Lionel Messi
4

text: Most Entertaining Team[edit]

text: The FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team was a subjectively awarded prize for the team which had done the most to entertain the public with a positive approach to the game, organised through public participation in a poll.[5] It was awarded between 1994 and 2006.[6]

text:
World Cup
Most Entertaining Team Award

1994 United States
 Brazil[17]

1998 France
 France[17]

2002 Korea/Japan
 South Korea[41]

2006 Germany
 Portugal[42]

text: All-Star Team[edit]

text: The All-Star Team is a team of the best performers at the respective World Cup finals. The ways in which the FIFA All-Star team members have been chosen has varied from year to year. A technical study group consisting of journalists - mostly of Europe and South America - and experts has historically chosen the team.[43] However, in 1994 FIFA decided to add an official squad, chosen by the FIFA technical group and under the brand name MasterCard All-Star Team.[44] The All-Star team wound up dropped prior to the 2010 tournament - coincidentally, three years after FIFA changed its sponsorship from MasterCard to Visa.[45]

text:
All Star Team

World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards

1930 Uruguay

 Enrique Ballestrero

 José Nasazzi
 Milutin Ivković

 Luis Monti
 Álvaro Gestido
 José Leandro Andrade

 Pedro Cea
 Héctor Castro
 Héctor Scarone
 Guillermo Stábile
 Bert Patenaude

1934 Italy

 Ricardo Zamora

 Jacinto Quincoces
 Eraldo Monzeglio

 Luis Monti
 Attilio Ferraris
 Leonardo Cilaurren

 Giuseppe Meazza
 Raimundo Orsi
 Enrique Guaita
 Matthias Sindelar
 Oldřich Nejedlý

1938 France

 František Plánička

 Pietro Rava
 Alfredo Foni
 Domingos da Guia

 Michele Andreolo
 Ugo Locatelli

 Silvio Piola
 Gino Colaussi
 György Sárosi
 Gyula Zsengellér
 Leônidas

1950 Brazil

 Roque Máspoli

 Erik Nilsson
 José Parra
 Víctor Rodríguez Andrade

 Obdulio Varela
 Bauer
 Alcides Ghiggia
 Jair

 Zizinho
 Ademir
 Juan Alberto Schiaffino

1954 Switzerland

 Gyula Grosics

 Ernst Ocwirk
 Djalma Santos
 José Santamaría

 Fritz Walter
 József Bozsik
 Nándor Hidegkuti
 Zoltán Czibor

 Helmut Rahn
 Ferenc Puskás
 Sándor Kocsis

1958 Sweden

 Harry Gregg

 Djalma Santos
 Bellini
 Nílton Santos

 Danny Blanchflower
 Didi
 Gunnar Gren
 Raymond Kopa

 Pelé
 Garrincha
 Just Fontaine

1962 Chile

 Viliam Schrojf

 Djalma Santos
 Cesare Maldini
 Valery Voronin
 Karl-Heinz Schnellinger

 Mário Zagallo
 Zito
 Josef Masopust

 Vavá
 Garrincha
 Leonel Sánchez

1966 England

 Gordon Banks

 George Cohen
 Bobby Moore
 Vicente
 Silvio Marzolini

 Franz Beckenbauer
 Mário Coluna
 Bobby Charlton

 Flórián Albert
 Uwe Seeler
 Eusébio

1970 Mexico

 Ladislao Mazurkiewicz

 Carlos Alberto
 Atilio Ancheta
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Giacinto Facchetti

 Gérson
 Rivellino
 Bobby Charlton

 Pelé
 Gerd Müller
 Jairzinho

1974 West Germany

 Sepp Maier

 Ruud Krol
 Paul Breitner
 Elias Figueroa[46]
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Berti Vogts

 Wolfgang Overath
 Kazimierz Deyna
 Johan Neeskens

 Rob Rensenbrink
 Johan Cruyff
 Grzegorz Lato

1978 Argentina

 Ubaldo Fillol

 Berti Vogts
 Ruud Krol
 Daniel Passarella
 Alberto Tarantini

 Dirceu
 Teófilo Cubillas
 Rob Rensenbrink

 Roberto Bettega
 Paolo Rossi
 Mario Kempes

1982 Spain

 Dino Zoff

 Luizinho
 Júnior
 Claudio Gentile
 Fulvio Collovati

 Zbigniew Boniek
 Falcão
 Michel Platini
 Zico

 Paolo Rossi
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

1986 Mexico

 Jean-Marie Pfaff

 Josimar
 Manuel Amoros
 Júlio César

 Jan Ceulemans
 Jean Tigana
 Michel Platini
 Diego Maradona

 Preben Elkjær Larsen
 Emilio Butragueño
 Gary Lineker

1990 Italy

 Sergio Goycochea
 Luis Gabelo Conejo

 Andreas Brehme
 Paolo Maldini
 Franco Baresi

 Diego Maradona
 Lothar Matthäus
 Dragan Stojković
 Paul Gascoigne

 Salvatore Schillaci
 Roger Milla
 Jürgen Klinsmann

text:
MasterCard All Star Team

World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards

1994 United States[44]

 Michel Preud'homme

 Jorginho
 Márcio Santos
 Paolo Maldini

 Dunga
 Krasimir Balakov
 Gheorghe Hagi
 Tomas Brolin

 Romário
 Hristo Stoichkov
 Roberto Baggio

1998 France[47](1)

 Fabien Barthez
 José Luis Chilavert

 Roberto Carlos
 Marcel Desailly
 Lilian Thuram
 Frank de Boer
 Carlos Gamarra

 Dunga
 Rivaldo
 Michael Laudrup
 Zinedine Zidane
 Edgar Davids

 Ronaldo
 Davor Šuker
 Brian Laudrup
 Dennis Bergkamp

2002 Korea/Japan[48](2)

 Oliver Kahn
 Rüştü Reçber

 Roberto Carlos
 Sol Campbell
 Fernando Hierro
 Hong Myung-bo
 Alpay Özalan

 Rivaldo
 Ronaldinho
 Michael Ballack
 Claudio Reyna
 Yoo Sang-chul

 Ronaldo
 Miroslav Klose
 El Hadji Diouf
 Hasan Şaş

2006 Germany[49]

 Gianluigi Buffon
 Jens Lehmann
 Ricardo

 Roberto Ayala
 John Terry
 Lilian Thuram
 Philipp Lahm
 Fabio Cannavaro
 Gianluca Zambrotta
 Ricardo Carvalho

 Zé Roberto
 Patrick Vieira
 Zinedine Zidane
 Michael Ballack
 Andrea Pirlo
 Gennaro Gattuso
 Luís Figo
 Maniche

 Hernán Crespo
 Thierry Henry
 Miroslav Klose
 Luca Toni
 Francesco Totti

text: 1 In addition to the 16 of the All-Star Team, 6 reserves were listed:  Edwin van der Sar,  Juan Sebastián Verón,  Thierry Henry,  Jay-Jay Okocha,  Michael Owen, and  Christian Vieri.[47]

text: 2 Again there were seven reserves:  Iker Casillas,  Cafu,  Dietmar Hamann,  Joaquín,  Hidetoshi Nakata,  Landon Donovan, and  Marc Wilmots.[48]

text: In 2010, an equivalent of the All Star Team was an online poll to FIFA.com Club members named "Dream Team", sponsored by Yingli.[50] The Dream Team poll returned the following edition sponsored by Oi.[51]

text:
Dream Team

World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards
Manager

2010 South Africa[50]

 Iker Casillas

 Philipp Lahm
 Sergio Ramos
 Carles Puyol
 Maicon

 Xavi
 Bastian Schweinsteiger
 Wesley Sneijder
 Andrés Iniesta

 David Villa
 Diego Forlán

 Vicente del Bosque

2014 Brazil[51]

 Manuel Neuer

 Marcelo
 Mats Hummels
 Thiago Silva
 David Luiz

 Ángel Di María
 Toni Kroos
 James Rodríguez

 Lionel Messi
 Thomas Müller
 Neymar

 Joachim Löw

text: While FIFA did not release an official list for 2014, official sponsor Castrol published a team of the tournament based on their Castrol Performance Index, which evaluates players' performances through statistical data.[52]

text:
Castrol Index Top 11

World Cup
Goalkeepers
Defenders
Midfielders
Forwards

2014 Brazil[52]

 Manuel Neuer

 Marcos Rojo
 Mats Hummels
 Thiago Silva
 Stefan de Vrij

 Oscar
 Toni Kroos
 Philipp Lahm
 James Rodríguez

 Arjen Robben
 Thomas Müller

text:
Only two players have been named in three separate All-Star teams which selection only included the starting eleven: Djalma Santos in 1954, 1958 and 1962, Franz Beckenbauer in 1966, 1970 and 1974. Philipp Lahm also achieved it in 2006, 2010 and 2014. However, the 2006 edition listed 23 players and 2014 had two All-Star team listed. Lahm's name has only been in one of these.
21 players have been named in two separate All-Star teams: Luis Monti (1930 and 1934; representing Argentina and Italy respectively); Garrincha (1958 and 1962); Pelé (1958 and 1970); Bobby Charlton (1966 and 1970); Ruud Krol and Rob Rensenbrink (1974 and 1978); Berti Vogts (1974 and 1978); Paolo Rossi (1978 and 1982); Michel Platini (1982 and 1986); Diego Maradona (1986 and 1990); Paolo Maldini (1990 and 1994); Dunga (1994 and 1998); Roberto Carlos, Rivaldo, and Ronaldo (1998 and 2002); Lilian Thuram and Zinedine Zidane (1998 and 2006); Michael Ballack and Miroslav Klose (2002 and 2006).
Pelé hold the record of the longest time between being named in two separate All-Star teams by 12 years apart (1958 and 1970).
Uruguay in 1930 and 1950, Spain in 2010 and Germany in 2014 are the only teams to have had a player in every position on the All-Star Team. Germany and Italy achieved it in 2006, however, the 2006 edition listed 23 players.
Uruguay in 1930 and Italy in 2006 have the most players selected in the All-Star Team with 7 players each. However, the 1930 selection only had 11 players overall, while the 2006 selection had 23.
37 different Brazilian players have been named in All-Star teams, Brazil is also the nation with most nominations with 44 nominees in every position except goalkeeper.
Only two Asian players have been named in All-Star teams, Hong Myung-bo and Yoo Sang-chul of South Korea. Another Asian player Hidetoshi Nakata has been named in reserves. All three players were selected in 2002.
Similarly, only two African players have been named in All-Star teams, Roger Milla from Cameroon in 1990 and El Hadji Diouf from Senegal in 2002.
Only one player on the victorious 1986 Argentina team, Diego Maradona, was selected in that year's All-Star team.
Uniquely, brothers Brian Laudrup and Michael Laudrup were both selected for the All Star Team from Denmark in 1998.
Similarly, Cesare Maldini and Paolo Maldini are the only father and son players that were both selected for the All Star Team from Italy, in 1962 and 1990, 1994 respectively.
Very uniquely, Argentinian compatriots Diego Maradona (1979 and 1986) and Lionel Messi (2005 and 2014) are the only players that won the Golden Ball award at both FIFA World Cup and FIFA World Youth Championship.