document_title: List of roller coaster rankings

question_text: where is the tallest roller coaster in the united states located

root

text: List of roller coaster rankings

text: Key[edit]

text:
Key

Key
Meaning

1
Record holder

**
Under construction

*
Still exists but not operating

tag: table

text: Height rankings[edit]

text: Tallest steel roller coasters[edit]

text:
Tallest steel roller coasters

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Height
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Kingda Ka
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States
456 ft (139 m)
Intamin
May 2005 – Present

2
Top Thrill Dragster
Cedar Point
United States
420 ft (130 m)
Intamin
May 2003 – May 2005

3
Superman: Escape from Krypton[note 1]
Six Flags Magic Mountain
United States
415 ft (126 m)
Intamin
March 1997 – May 2003

4
Tower of Terror II[note 1]
Dreamworld
Australia
377 ft (115 m)
Intamin
January 1997 – March 1997

5
Red Force
Ferrari Land
Spain
367.4 ft (112.0 m)
Intamin
N/A

6
Fury 325
Carowinds
United States
325 ft (99 m)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

7
Steel Dragon 2000
Nagashima Spa Land
Japan
318.3 ft (97.0 m)
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing
N/A

8
Millennium Force
Cedar Point
United States
310 ft (94 m)
Intamin
N/A

9
Leviathan
Canada's Wonderland
Canada
306 ft (93 m)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

10
Intimidator 305
Kings Dominion
United States
305 ft (93 m)
Intamin
N/A

tag: p

text: Longest steel roller coaster drops[edit]

text:
Longest steel roller coaster drops

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Drop length
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Kingda Ka
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States
418 ft (127 m)
Intamin
May 2005 – present

2
Top Thrill Dragster
Cedar Point
United States
400 ft (120 m)
Intamin
May 2003 – May 2005

3
Superman: Escape from Krypton[note 1]
Six Flags Magic Mountain
United States
328.1 ft (100.0 m)
Intamin
March 1997 – May 2003

Tower of Terror II[note 1]
Dreamworld
Australia
328.1 ft (100.0 m)
Intamin
January 1997 – May 2003

5
Fury 325
Carowinds
United States
320 ft (98 m)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

6
Steel Dragon 2000
Nagashima Spa Land
Japan
306.8 ft (93.5 m)
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing
N/A

7
Leviathan
Canada's Wonderland
Canada
306 ft (93 m)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

8
Intimidator 305
Kings Dominion
United States
300 ft (91 m)
Intamin
N/A

Millennium Force
Cedar Point
United States
300 ft (91 m)
Intamin
N/A

**
Unknown
Energylandia
Poland
265.8 ft (81.0 m)
Intamin

10
Coaster Through the Clouds
Nanchang Wanda Park
China
255.9 ft (78.0 m)
Intamin
N/A

Shambhala: Expedición al Himalaya
PortAventura
Spain
255.9 ft (78.0 m)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

text: Tallest wooden roller coasters[edit]

text:
Tallest wooden roller coasters[note 2][note 3]

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Height
Manufacturer
Record held

*
Colossos
Heide Park
Germany
196.8 ft (60.0 m)
Intamin
June 2009 – July 2016

1
Wildfire
Kolmården Wildlife Park
Sweden
183.8 ft (56.0 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
July 2016 – present

T Express
Everland
South Korea
183.8 ft (56.0 m)
Intamin
July 2016 – present

3
El Toro
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States
181 ft (55 m)
Intamin
N/A

4
Goliath
Six Flags Great America
United States
165 ft (50 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

*
Mean Streak
Cedar Point
United States
161 ft (49 m)
Dinn Corporation
May 1991 – March 1992

5
The Voyage
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
United States
159 ft (48 m)
The Gravity Group
N/A

6
White Cyclone
Nagashima Spa Land
Japan
139 ft (42 m)
Intamin
N/A

7
Hades 360
Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park
United States
136 ft (41 m)
The Gravity Group
N/A

8
Wodan Timbur Coaster
Europa-Park
Germany
131.3 ft (40.0 m)
Great Coasters International
N/A

9
Le Monstre
La Ronde
Canada
130.9 ft (39.9 m)
William Cobb & Associates
N/A

10
American Eagle
Six Flags Great America
United States
127 ft (39 m)
Intamin
N/A

text: Longest wooden roller coaster drops[edit]

text:
Longest wooden roller coaster drops[note 3]

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Drop length
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Goliath
Six Flags Great America
United States
180 ft (55 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
June 2014 – Present

2
El Toro
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States
176 ft (54 m)
Intamin
June 2009 – June 2014

3
Lightning Rod
Dollywood
United States
165 ft (50 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

4
Outlaw Run
Silver Dollar City
United States
162 ft (49 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

5
Wildfire
Kolmården Wildlife Park
Sweden
160.8 ft (49.0 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

*
Colossos
Heide Park
Germany
159.1 ft (48.5 m)
Intamin
N/A

*
Mean Streak
Cedar Point
United States
155 ft (47 m)
Dinn Corporation
May 1991 – May 2000

6
The Voyage
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
United States
154 ft (47 m)
The Gravity Group
N/A

7
T Express
Everland
South Korea
150.9 ft (46.0 m)
Intamin
N/A

8
The Boss
Six Flags St. Louis
United States
150 ft (46 m)
Custom Coasters International
N/A

9
American Eagle
Six Flags Great America
United States
147 ft (45 m)
Intamin
May 1981 – May 1991

10
The Beast
Kings Island
United States
141 ft (43 m)
Charles Dinn / Al Collins
April 1979 – May 1981

text: Speed rankings[edit]

text: Fastest steel roller coasters[edit]

text:
Fastest steel roller coasters

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Speed
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Formula Rossa
Ferrari World
United Arab Emirates
149 mph (240 km/h)
Intamin
November 2010 – present

2
Kingda Ka
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States
128 mph (206 km/h)
Intamin
May 2005 – November 2010

3
Top Thrill Dragster
Cedar Point
United States
120 mph (190 km/h)
Intamin
May 2003 – May 2005

4
Do-Dodonpa
Fuji-Q Highland
Japan
112 mph (180 km/h)
S&S Worldwide
December 2001 – May 2003

Red Force
Ferrari Land
Spain
112 mph (180 km/h)
Intamin
N/A

6
Superman: Escape from Krypton[note 1]
Six Flags Magic Mountain
United States
100 mph (160 km/h)
Intamin
March 1997 – December 2001

Tower of Terror II[note 1]
Dreamworld
Australia
100 mph (160 km/h)
Intamin
January 1997 – December 2001

*
ring°racer
Nürburgring
Germany
99.4 mph (160.0 km/h)
S&S Worldwide
N/A

8
Steel Dragon 2000
Nagashima Spa Land
Japan
95 mph (153 km/h)
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing
N/A

Fury 325
Carowinds
United States
95 mph (153 km/h)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

10
Millennium Force
Cedar Point
United States
93 mph (150 km/h)
Intamin
N/A

text: Fastest wooden roller coasters[edit]

text:
Fastest wooden roller coasters[note 3]

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Speed
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Lightning Rod
Dollywood
United States
73 mph (117 km/h)
Rocky Mountain Construction
June 2016 – present

2
Goliath
Six Flags Great America
United States
72 mph (116 km/h)
Rocky Mountain Construction
June 2014 – June 2016

3
Wildfire
Kolmården Wildlife Park
Sweden
70.2 mph (113.0 km/h)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

4
El Toro
Six Flags Great Adventure
United States
70 mph (110 km/h)
Intamin
June 2009 – June 2014

*
Colossos
Heide Park
Germany
68.4 mph (110.1 km/h)
Intamin
N/A

5
Outlaw Run
Silver Dollar City
United States
68 mph (109 km/h)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

6
The Voyage
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
United States
67.4 mph (108.5 km/h)
The Gravity Group
N/A

7
The Boss
Six Flags St. Louis
United States
66.3 mph (106.7 km/h)
Custom Coasters International
April 2000 – May 2000

8
American Eagle
Six Flags Great America
United States
66 mph (106 km/h)
Intamin
May 1981 – April 2000

*
Mean Streak
Cedar Point
United States
65 mph (105 km/h)
Dinn Corporation
N/A

9
The Beast
Kings Island
United States
64.8 mph (104.3 km/h)
Charles Dinn / Al Collins
April 1979 – May 1981

10
T Express
Everland
South Korea
64.6 mph (104.0 km/h)
Intamin
N/A

text: Length rankings[edit]

text: Longest steel roller coasters[edit]

text:
Longest steel roller coasters

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Length
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Steel Dragon 2000
Nagashima Spa Land
Japan
8,133 ft (2,479 m)
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing
August 2000 – present

2
The Ultimate
Lightwater Valley
United Kingdom
7,442 ft (2,268 m)
British Rail
July 1991 – August 2000

3
Fujiyama
Fuji-Q Highland
Japan
6,709 ft (2,045 m)
TOGO
N/A

4
Fury 325
Carowinds
United States
6,602 ft (2,012 m)
Bolliger & Mabillard
N/A

5
Millennium Force
Cedar Point
United States
6,595 ft (2,010 m)
Intamin
N/A

6
Formula Rossa
Ferrari World
United Arab Emirates
6,562 ft (2,000 m)
Intamin
N/A

7
California Screamin'
Disney California Adventure
United States
6,072 ft (1,851 m)
Intamin
N/A

*
Vertigorama
Parque de la Ciudad
Argentina
5,958 ft (1,816 m)
Intamin

8
Desperado
Buffalo Bill's
United States
5,843 ft (1,781 m)
Arrow Dynamics
N/A

**
Steel Vengeance
Cedar Point
United States
5,740 ft (1,750 m)
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

9
Mamba
Worlds of Fun
United States
5,600 ft (1,700 m)
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing
N/A

Steel Force
Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
United States
5,600 ft (1,700 m)
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing
N/A

text: Longest wooden roller coasters[edit]

text:
Longest wooden roller coasters

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Length
Manufacturer
Record held

1
The Beast
Kings Island
United States
7,359 ft (2,243 m)
Charles Dinn / Al Collins
April 1979 – present

2
The Voyage
Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
United States
6,442 ft (1,964 m)
The Gravity Group
N/A

3
White Cyclone
Nagashima Spa Land
Japan
5,577 ft (1,700 m)
Intamin
N/A

4
T Express
Everland
South Korea
5,383.8 ft (1,641.0 m)
Intamin
N/A

5
Shivering Timbers
Michigan's Adventure
United States
5,383 ft (1,641 m)
Custom Coasters International
N/A

6
Jupiter
Kijima Amusement Park
Japan
5,249 ft (1,600 m)
Intamin
N/A

7
Python in Bamboo Forest
Nanchang Wanda Park
China
5,111 ft (1,558 m)
Great Coasters International
N/A

8
The Boss
Six Flags St. Louis
United States
5,051 ft (1,540 m)
Custom Coasters International
N/A

9
Wood Coaster
Knight Valley
China
4,817 ft (1,468 m)
Great Coasters International
N/A

10
Hades 360
Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park
United States
4,746 ft (1,447 m)
The Gravity Group
N/A

text: Inversion rankings[edit]

text: This listing contains all types of roller coaster inversions.

text: Steel roller coasters[edit]

text:
Most inversions on a steel roller coaster

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Inversions
Manufacturer
Record held

1
The Smiler
Alton Towers
United Kingdom
14
Gerstlauer
May 2013 – Present

2
10 Inversion Roller Coaster
Chime-Long Paradise
China
10
Intamin
February 2006 – May 2013

Altair
Cinecittà World
Italy
10
Intamin
N/A

Colossus
Thorpe Park
United Kingdom
10
Intamin
March 2002 – May 2013

Crazy Coaster
Locajoy Holiday
China
10
Intamin
N/A

**
unknown
Hopi Hari
Brazil
10
Intamin

**
unknown
Movie Animation Park Studios
Malaysia
10
Intamin

**
unknown
Wonder Island
Russia
10
Intamin

**
unknown
Ankapark
Turkey
10
Intamin

6
Avalancha
Xetulul
Guatemala
8
Intamin
N/A

Dragon Khan
PortAventura Park
Spain
8
Bolliger & Mabillard
May 1995 – March 2002

Flight of the Phoenix
Harborland
China
8
Intamin
N/A

**
unknown
Mirabilandia
Brazil
8
Intamin

text: Wooden roller coasters[edit]

text:
Most inversions on a wooden roller coaster[note 3]

Rank
Name
Park
Country
Inversions
Manufacturer
Record held

1
Outlaw Run
Silver Dollar City
United States
3
Rocky Mountain Construction
March 2013 – present

Wildfire
Kolmården
Sweden
3
Rocky Mountain Construction

2
Goliath
Six Flags Great America
United States
2
Rocky Mountain Construction
N/A

3
Hades 360
Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park
United States
1
The Gravity Group
N/A

Jungle Trailblazer
Oriental Heritage, Ningbo
China
1
The Gravity Group
N/A

Jungle Trailblazer
Oriental Heritage, Wuhu
China
1
The Gravity Group
N/A

Jungle Trailblazer
Oriental Heritage, Jinan
China
1
The Gravity Group
N/A

Mine Blower
Fun Spot America: Kissimmee
United States
1
The Gravity Group
N/A

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f A shuttle roller coaster, not complete-circuit
Jump up ^ Record was held by The Rattler from March 1992 – May 2000. Its height was 179 feet (55 m).[11]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Record was held by Son of Beast from May 2000 – June 2009. Its height was 218 feet (66 m), its drop distance was 214 feet (65 m) and its speed was 78 miles per hour (126 km/h).[12]

tag: ol


document_title: American Horror Story: Cult

question_text: who plays winter on american horror story called

text: American Horror Story: Cult

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ally (Sarah Paulson) and Ivy Mayfair-Richards (Alison Pill) are a married couple with a son named Oz (Cooper Dodson) who live in the fictitious city of Brookfield Heights, Michigan. Ally suffers from several phobias including coulrophobia, haemophobia, and trypophobia which intensify after Donald Trump wins the 2016 election. She often speaks with her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent (Cheyenne Jackson), whose estranged and manipulative brother Kai Anderson (Evan Peters) forms a cult of individuals fed up with the political climate of the United States. Kai utilizes the fear inflicted upon the community by the cult's violent actions, notably those toward Ally and her family, to strengthen his campaign for a seat on city council. Cult members include Kai’s sister Winter (Billie Lourd), newscast reporter Beverly Hope (Adina Porter), married couple Harrison (Billy Eichner) and Meadow Wilton (Leslie Grossman), detective Jack Samuels (Colton Haynes), Trump-supporter Gary Longstreet (Chaz Bono) and Ivy.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Sarah Paulson as Allyson "Ally" Mayfair-Richards
Evan Peters as Kai Anderson and Andy Warhol[a]
Cheyenne Jackson as Dr. Rudy Vincent
Billie Lourd as Winter Anderson
Alison Pill as Ivy Mayfair-Richards

tag: ul

text: Special guest stars[edit]

text:
Billy Eichner as Harrison Wilton
Emma Roberts as Serena Belinda
Mare Winningham as Sally Keffler
Lena Dunham as Valerie Solanas
Frances Conroy as Bebe Babbitt

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Adina Porter as Beverly Hope
Colton Haynes as Detective Jack Samuels
Leslie Grossman as Meadow Wilton
Chaz Bono as Gary Longstreet
Cooper Dodson as Ozymandias "Oz" Mayfair-Richards
Dermot Mulroney as Bob Thompson
James Morosini as R.J.

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Tim Kang as Tom Chang
John Carroll Lynch as Twisty the Clown
Jorge-Luis Pallo as Pedro Morales
Zack Ward as Roger
Laura Allen as Rosie
Ron Melendez as Mark
Dot-Marie Jones as Butchy May
Jamie Brewer as Hedda
Rick Springfield as Pastor Charles

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

74
1
"Election Night"
Bradley Buecker
Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
7ATS01
3.93[8]

Ally and Ivy are a married couple who have a son named Oz. Ally suffers from several phobias which intensify after learning that Donald Trump has won the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent, recommends a medicine to calm her phobia-induced anxiety. Clowns soon start to stalk Ally. Meanwhile, Kai and Winter are two siblings who make a mysterious pact after Trump becomes president. Winter becomes Oz's nanny and attempts to desensitize him to violence. Kai entices a group of Hispanic men to beat him up. Ally and Ivy's neighbors, the Changs, are slaughtered by a group of clowns. The police erroneously rule the incident as a murder–suicide. Mr. Chang's death leaves a city council seat vacant.

75
2
"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark"
Liza Johnson
Tim Minear
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
7ATS02
2.38[9]

Kai campaigns for the vacant seat on city council. Ally distrusts the new occupants of the Chang's former home, Harrison and Meadow Wilton. At Ally and Ivy's restaurant, the Butchery on Main, tensions fuel between the head chef, Roger, and a Hispanic employee, Pedro. Later, the restaurant's security system trips and Ally investigates. She finds Roger hanging on a hook in the meat locker. Detective Samuels singles out Pedro as the most likely suspect. Ally obtains a gun from the Wiltons. Later on, there is an alleged power shortage in the city and Ally is terrorized by clowns. Ivy sends Pedro to deliver supplies to the house and he is accidentally shot and killed by Ally.

76
3
"Neighbors from Hell"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
James Wong
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
7ATS03
2.25[10]

Clowns break into a couple's home and entomb them in coffins. Picketers protest Pedro's death outside of the Butchery on Main. Kai promises Ally that he will dissuade them and he delivers. The Wiltons berate Ally for Pedro's death and gift Oz a guinea pig. A truck, dispersing a mysterious green gas throughout the neighborhood, disturbs Ally. Oz's guinea pig is microwaved and killed. Ally suspects the Wiltons to be the perpetrators. She assaults Harrison and threatens Meadow. Footage of Ally being seduced by Winter is posted online, devastating Ivy. The Wiltons are individually interrogated by Kai. Harrison expresses his desire for Meadow's death. Afterwards, Meadow disappears and Harrison blames Ally.

77
4
"11/9"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
John J. Gray
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
7ATS04
2.13[11]

The day after the election, Harrison becomes Kai's personal trainer. Kai takes Harrison under his wing and eventually convinces him to murder his degrading boss. Later, Kai takes a special interest in a news reporter named Beverly Hope and offers her "equal power" in his quest for domination. He instigates the murder of her rival, Serena Belinda, as proof of his dedication to her. The day before the election, Ivy attends a political rally where she is groped by a man named Gary. Winter comes to Ivy's defense and the two have lunch together. That night, Ivy and Winter kidnap Gary and chain him to a pole in an abandoned building to prevent him from voting the next day. Kai comes to Gary's aid one hour before the polls close and offers him a saw. Gary severs off his chained hand.

78
5
"Holes"
Maggie Kiley
Crystal Liu
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
7ATS05
2.20[12]

Beverly informs Kai that her boss, Bob, is compromising news coverage of the clown murders and thereby hindering Kai's campaign. Kai, Beverly, Winter, Harrison, Detective Samuels, Ivy, Gary, and Beverly's cameraman, RJ, don clown masks, break into Bob's house, and film his murder. Beverly later advises Kai to cut ties with RJ whom she views as a weak link. RJ is murdered by his fellow cult members as each one takes a turn at shooting a tied-up RJ in the head with a nail gun. Meadow is seen pleading with Ally for safety from the cult and tells her that Ivy is a member. Beverly probes Kai about the whereabouts of his parents and Kai divulges that his mom shot his dad and then herself in a murder–suicide. Kai's brother, Dr. Rudy Vincent, insisted that they cover up their deaths in order to continue receiving their mom's pension and their dad's disability checks.

79
6
"Mid-Western Assassin"
Bradley Buecker
Todd Kubrak
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
7ATS06
2.15[13]

Meadow reveals to Ally that she had fallen in love with Kai and decided to desert the cult when her feelings were not reciprocated. Ally plans to use Meadow's testimony to expose Kai and pays an opposing candidate of his, Sally Keffler, a visit to ask for her help. In the midst of their conversation, the cult breaks into Sally's house and Kai shoots her in the chest. He stages her murder as a suicide. The next day, at a political rally, Meadow shoots several people, including Kai. Ally attempts to wrestle the gun out of Meadow's hands and Meadow shoots herself in the mouth. Ally is arrested after a SWAT team arrives to the scene and finds her with the gun in her hands. Kai had ordered Meadow to attempt to assassinate him so that his figure would be elevated to a national level. In addition, Meadow was instructed to bear witness to Ally on the grounds that no one would believe a "crazy woman".

80
7
"Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag"
Rachel Goldberg
Crystal Liu
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
7ATS07
2.07[14]

Meadow’s staged assassination attempt successfully garners Kai a seat on city council. Beverly, Winter, and Ivy are warned by Bebe Babbitt, the former lover of radical feminist Valerie Solanas, about the danger of putting their trust in Kai. Bebe asserts that men in power always push women aside. She divulges to them that Solanas orchestrated the murders accredited to the Zodiac Killer. Solanas died haunted by the fact that she would be predominantly remembered for her shooting of Andy Warhol. Later, Beverly, Winter, and Ivy murder Harrison for making a sexist comment. Kai and Bebe watch Beverly report on Harrison’s death together.

81
8
"Winter of Our Discontent"
Barbara Brown
Joshua Green
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
7ATS08
2.06[15]

Winter assures Beverly and Ivy that Kai is dependable. She recounts an occasion where she and Kai saved individuals being held captive and tortured by a deranged pastor. Kai proposes to Winter that she be impregnated with the "messiah" by Samuels. Kai's proposal does not go as planned and Samuels later attempts to rape Winter. She shoots him in the head. In the meantime, Ally, in an effort to get her son back, informs Kai that Vincent is seeking to get him committed. Kai kills Vincent, sends Beverly (having been blamed for the death of Samuels by Winter) into exile, and introduces to the cult their latest member: Ally.

82
9
"Drink the Kool-Aid"[16]
Angela Bassett
Adam Penn
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
TBA
TBD

83
10
"Charles (Manson) in Charge"[17]
Bradley Buecker
Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
TBA
TBD

84
11
"Great Again"[18]
Jennifer Lynch
Tim Minear
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
TBA
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On October 4, 2016, the series was renewed for a seventh cycle, which premiered on September 5, 2017.[3][1][2] Ryan Murphy confirmed that the season will be connected to Freak Show; but will be set in modern day.[19] In February 2017, on Watch What Happens Live, Murphy announced that the season would revolve around the 2016 U.S. election and suggested that it may feature a character based on President Donald Trump.[20] Murphy has said that the season will be representative of both sides of the political divide. He also said that he will be "illuminating and highlighting" groups of people he believes to be "ignored by the current [Trump] administration and who are afraid and feel terrorized that their lives are going to be taken away."[21]

text: It was later confirmed that the season would be set in the aftermath of the presidential election, with the first episode taking place on election night.[22][4] Murphy explained it will be about "the fallout of that night, which to many people, from all sides of the camps is a horror story."[23] He also revealed the season will not feature Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton, stating "Horror Story is always about allegory, so the election is allegory."[23] In April 2017, Murphy confirmed that archive footage of the election night is going to be used in the season premiere.[24]

text: Murphy revealed via Twitter that the details of the seventh season, including the title, would be revealed on July 20.[25] He also teased that the opening sequence of the series would return in this season, following its absence in Roanoke.[26]

text: On July 20, 2017, it was announced at the San Diego Comic-Con that the title of the season would be Cult. Murphy also revealed it would be set in Michigan, and confirmed it would consist of a total of 11 episodes, premiering on September 5, 2017. For the first time, the series will not air on Wednesdays but rather on Tuesdays. On August 3, 2017, online posters revealed the names of multiple characters of the season.[27] On August 21, 2017, the opening title sequence of the season was revealed, following its absence in the previous season.[28] That same month, Murphy confirmed that, contrary to the past seasons, Cult would not feature supernatural elements.[29]

text: Casting[edit]

text: During the Winter 2017 TCA Press Tour, series mainstays Sarah Paulson and Evan Peters were reported to be starring as the leads in the season.[19][2] In March 2017, Billy on the Street host Billy Eichner was announced to be cast in the series, playing a role in the life of Paulson's character.[4][30] His character is slated for appearing in "six or seven" episodes.[4] The next month, it was reported that Scream Queens alum Billie Lourd will also star in the seventh installment of the series.[22][23] In May 2017, Leslie Grossman, who starred in Murphy's series Popular, joined the cast of the series,[31] and Angela Bassett hinted she may return in a recurring role.[32] Later that month, it was confirmed via set pictures that Adina Porter and Cheyenne Jackson were also returning.[33][34] In June 2017, Murphy confirmed via his Instagram account that Colton Haynes, whom Murphy worked with previously on second season of Scream Queens, was joining the casting for the seventh season.[35] Later that month, set pictures revealed that Alison Pill was joining the cast of the season, seemingly portraying the partner of Sarah Paulson's character.[36] In July 2017, Murphy revealed via his Twitter account that Lena Dunham was joining the season.[37] She is set to play Valerie Solanas, author of the SCUM Manifesto and attempted murder of Andy Warhol, via flashbacks.[38] Murphy also confirmed the returns of Frances Conroy and Mare Winningham. Conroy has appeared in all the seasons except Hotel, while Winningham has appeared in Coven, Freak Show and Hotel.[39] In August 2017, Murphy confirmed the return of Emma Roberts, who appeared in Coven and Freak Show,[40] while Roanoke actors Chaz Bono and James Morosini also confirmed their returns.[41] In the seventh episode, Murder House, Coven and Freak Show actress alum Jamie Brewer returned to the show.

text: On June 26, 2017, it was confirmed that Lady Gaga would not return for the seventh season due to other projects.[42] Despite rumors, Entertainment Weekly reported on July 7, 2017, that Vera Farmiga, sister of American Horror Story alum Taissa Farmiga, would not appear in the season.[43] Later that month, it was confirmed by The Hollywood Reporter that Kathy Bates will not appear in Cult, after four seasons of regular appearances.[44]

text: Murphy also revealed via his Instagram account that Freak Show character Twisty the Clown would return in the seventh season, indicating that John Carroll Lynch would reprise his role.[45]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In February 2017, it was announced the season would begin principal photography in June 2017.[20] By the next month, filming was moved to May 2017.[4] On May 24, 2017, writer and producer John J. Gray confirmed the show started filming.[46]

text: Edits[edit]

text: On October 7, 2017, it was confirmed that the sixth episode of the season would be edited as a direct result of the 2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting that occurred on October 1, 2017. The episode originally featured a scene lasting 2 minutes and 16 seconds where Leslie Grossman's character Meadow Wilton begins to fire at Evan Peters' character, as well as a crowd, during a campaign speech. The episode was edited to de-emphasize the violence and to mostly have it featured completely off-screen[47] - as a result the opening sequence of the episode was cut in half, several on-screen deaths were removed and two separate close-up shots of the handgun firing were removed.[48]

text: While only the edited episode was broadcast on FX, the original uncut episode was released via VOD, FXNOW and FX+.[48]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: American Horror Story: Cult has received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 74% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.93/10, based on 40 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "American Horror Story: Cult intrigues with timely, over-the-top creepiness - and lots of clowns - despite being hampered by broad political generalizations and occasional holes in the narrative's logic."[49] On Metacritic, the season was given a score of 66 out of 100 based on 24 reviews, indicating "generally positive reviews".[50]

text:
American Horror Story (season 7): Critical reception by episode

Season 7 (2017): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[51]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Election Night"
September 5, 2017
2.0
3.93[8]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

2
"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark"
September 12, 2017
1.2
2.38[9]
1.7
3.05
2.9
5.43[52]

3
"Neighbors from Hell"
September 19, 2017
1.2
2.25[10]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

4
"11/9"
September 26, 2017
1.1
2.13[11]
1.5
2.87
2.7
5.00[53]

5
"Holes"
October 3, 2017
1.1
2.20[12]
1.5
2.82
2.6
5.02[54]

6
"Mid-Western Assassin"
October 10, 2017
1.0
2.15[13]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

7
"Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag"
October 17, 2017
1.0
2.07[14]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

8
"Winter of Our Discontent"
October 24, 2017
1.0
2.06[15]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

9
"Drink the Kool-Aid"
October 31, 2017
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

10
"Charles (Manson) in Charge"
November 7, 2017
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

11
"Great Again"
November 14, 2017
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13

Murder House
3.18
2.46
2.59
2.96
2.74
2.83
3.06
2.81
2.85
2.54
2.59
3.22
N/A

Asylum
3.85
3.06
2.47
2.65
2.78
1.89
2.27
2.36
2.22
2.21
2.51
2.30
2.29

Coven
5.54
4.51
3.78
3.71
3.80
4.16
4.00
4.07
3.94
3.49
3.46
3.35
4.24

Freak Show
6.13
4.53
4.44
4.51
4.22
3.65
3.91
3.30
3.07
2.99
3.11
2.94
3.27

Hotel
5.81
4.06
3.20
3.04
2.87
2.64
2.64
2.31
2.14
1.85
1.84
2.24
N/A

Roanoke
5.14
3.27
3.08
2.83
2.82
2.48
2.62
2.20
2.43
2.45
N/A

Cult
3.93
2.38
2.25
2.13
2.20
2.15
2.07
2.06
TBD
TBD
TBD
N/A

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Also set to appear in minor roles as Charles Manson, Jim Jones, and David Koresh, among other famous cult leaders.[5][6][7]


document_title: History of the potato

question_text: where were the first potatoes planted in the north america

text: History of the potato

text: History by region[edit]

text: South America[edit]

text: Cultivation of potatoes in South America may go back 10,000 years,[3] yet the tubers do not preserve well in archaeological record, and there are problems with exact identification of those that are found.

text: The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancón (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC.[4] Potatoes dating to about 2000 BC have been found at Huaynuma, in the Casma Valley of Peru,[5] and early potatoes dating to 800-500 BC were also uncovered at the Altiplano site of Chiripa on the east side of Lake Titicaca.[6][7]

text: In the Altiplano, potatoes provided the principal energy source for the Inca Empire, its predecessors, and its Spanish successor. In Bolivia and Peru above 10,000 feet altitude, tubers exposed to the cold night air turned into chuño;[8] when kept in permanently frozen underground storehouses, chuño can be stored for years with no loss of nutritional value. The Spanish fed chuño to the silver miners who produced vast wealth in the 16th century for the Spanish government.[2]

text: Potato was the staple food of most Pre‑Columbian Mapuches, "specially in the southern and coastal [Mapuche] territories where maize did not reach maturity".[9]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Sailors returning from the Andes to Spain with silver presumably brought maize and potatoes for their own food on the trip.[10] Historians speculate that leftover tubers (and maize) were carried ashore and planted: "We think that the potato arrived some years before the end of the 16th century, by two different ports of entry: the first, logically, in Spain around 1570, and the second via the British Isles between 1588 and 1593 ... we find traces of the transport of potatoes travelling from the Canaries to Antwerp in 1567 ... we can say that the potato was introduced there [the Canary islands] from South America around 1562 ... the first written mention of the potato [is] ... a receipt for delivery dated 28 November 1567 between Las Palmas in the Grand Canaries and Antwerp."[11] In 1553, in the book Crónica del Peru, Pedro Cieza de León mentions he saw it in Quito, Popayán and Pasto in 1538. Basque fishermen from Spain used potatoes as ships' stores for their voyages across the Atlantic in the 16th century, and introduced the tuber to western Ireland, where they landed to dry their cod. The English privateer Sir Francis Drake, returning from his circumnavigation, or Sir Walter Raleigh's employee Thomas Harriot[12] are commonly credited with introducing potatoes into England. In 1588, botanist Carolus Clusius made a painting of what he called "Papas Peruanorum" from a specimen in the Low Countries; in 1601 he reported that potatoes were in common use in northern Italy for animal fodder and for human consumption.[13]

text: The Spanish had an empire across Europe, and brought potatoes for their armies. Peasants along the way adopted the crop, which was less often pillaged by marauding armies than above-ground stores of grain. Across most of Northern Europe, where open fields prevailed, potatoes were strictly confined to small garden plots because field agriculture was strictly governed by custom that prescribed seasonal rhythms for plowing, sowing, harvesting and grazing animals on fallow and stubble. This meant that potatoes were barred from large-scale cultivation because the rules allowed only grain to be planted in the open fields.[14] In France and Germany government officials and noble landowners promoted the rapid conversion of fallow land into potato fields after 1750. The potato thus became an important staple crop in northern Europe. Famines in the early 1770s contributed to its acceptance, as did government policies in several European countries and climate change during the Little Ice Age, when traditional crops in this region did not produce as reliably as before.[15][16] At times and places when and where most other crops failed, potatoes could still typically be relied upon to contribute adequately to food supplies during colder years.[17]

text: In France, at the end of the 16th century, the potato had been introduced to the Franche-Comté, the Vosges of Lorraine and Alsace. By the end of the 18th century it was written in the 1785 edition of Bon Jardinier: "There is no vegetable about which so much has been written and so much enthusiasm has been shown ... The poor should be quite content with this foodstuff."[18] It had widely replaced the turnip and rutabaga by the 19th century.[19]

text: French physician Antoine Parmentier studied the potato intensely and in Examen chymique des pommes de terres ("Chemical examination of potatoes") (Paris, 1774) showed their enormous nutritional value. King Louis XVI and his court eagerly promoted the new crop, with Queen Marie Antoinette even wearing a headdress of potato flowers at a fancy dress ball. The annual potato crop of France soared to 21 million hectoliters[clarification needed] in 1815 and 117 million in 1840, allowing a concomitant growth in population while avoiding the Malthusian trap. Although potatoes had become widely familiar in Russia by 1800, they were confined to garden plots until the grain failure in 1838–39 persuaded peasants and landlords in central and northern Russia to devote their fallow fields to raising potatoes. Potatoes yielded from two to four times more calories per acre than grain did, and eventually came to dominate the food supply in Eastern Europe. Boiled or baked potatoes were cheaper than rye bread, just as nutritious, and did not require a gristmill for grinding. On the other hand, cash-oriented landlords realised that grain was much easier to ship, store and sell, so both grain and potatoes coexisted.[20]

text: Throughout Europe, the most important new food in the 19th century was the potato, which had three major advantages over other foods for the consumer: its lower rate of spoilage, its bulk (which easily satisfied hunger) and its cheapness. The crop slowly spread across Europe, such that, for example, by 1845 it occupied one-third of Irish arable land.[citation needed] Potatoes comprised about 10% of the caloric intake of Europeans.[citation needed] Along with several other foods that either originated in the Americas or were successfully grown or harvested there, potatoes sustained European populations.[21]

text: In Britain, the potato promoted economic development by underpinning the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. It served as a cheap source of calories and nutrients that was easy for urban workers to cultivate on small backyard plots. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, where coal was readily available, so a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Marxist Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role".[13] The Dutch potato-starch industry grew rapidly in the 19th century, especially under the leadership of entrepreneur Willem Albert Scholten (1819–92).[22]

text: In Ireland, the expansion of potato cultivation was due entirely to the landless labourers, renting tiny plots from landowners who were interested only in raising cattle or in producing grain for market. A single acre of potatoes and the milk of a single cow was enough to feed a whole Irish family a monotonous but nutritionally adequate diet for a healthy, vigorous (and desperately poor) rural population. Often even poor families grew enough extra potatoes to feed a pig that they could sell for cash.[23]

text: A lack of genetic diversity from the low number of varieties left the crop vulnerable to disease. In the early 1800s, a strain of potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) known as HERB-1 began to spread in the Americas, especially Central and North America destroying many crops. The blight spread to Europe in the 1840s where, because of an extreme lack of genetic diversity, the potato crops were even more susceptible. In Northern Europe there were major crop losses lasting throughout the rest of the 19th century. Ireland in particular, because of the extreme dependence of the poor, especially western Ireland, on this single staple crop, was devastated by the blight's arrival in 1845.[24][25]

text: The Lumper potato, widely cultivated in western and southern Ireland before and during the Great Famine, was bland, wet and poorly resistant to the potato blight, but yielded large crops and usually provided adequate calories for peasants and labourers. Heavy dependence on this potato led to disaster when the blight quickly turned harvest-ready and newly harvested potatoes into a putrid mush. The Irish Famine in the western and southern parts of Ireland between 1845–49 was a catastrophic failure in the food supply that led to approximately a million deaths from famine and (especially) diseases that attacked weakened bodies, and to massive emigration to Britain, the U.S., Canada and elsewhere.[26] During the famine years roughly one million Irish emigrated; this tide was not turned until the 20th century, when Ireland's population stood at less than half of the pre-famine level of 8 million.

text: Africa[edit]

text: It is generally believed that potatoes entered Africa with colonists, who consumed them as a vegetable rather than as a staple starch.[27] Shipping records from 1567 show that the first place outside of Central and South America where potatoes were grown were the Canary Islands.[28] As in other continents, despite its advantages as an anti-famine, high-elevation alternative to grain, potatoes were first resisted by local farmers who believed they were poisonous. Colonialists also promoted them as a low cost food and so it was a symbol of domination. In former European colonies of Africa, potatoes were initially consumed only occasionally, but increased production made them a staple in certain areas. Potatoes tended to become more popular in wartime due to their being able to be stored in the ground. It was well established as a crop by the mid-20th century [16] and in present-day Africa they have become a vegetable or co-staple crop.[27]

text: In higher regions of Rwanda, potatoes have become a new staple food crop. Prior to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, consumption was as high as 153 to 200 kg per year – higher than in any Western European country. Recently farmers have developed the potato as a cash crop after introducing several new varieties brought back by migrant laborers from Uganda and other varieties from Kenya.[27]

text: Asia[edit]

text: The potato diffused widely after 1600, becoming a major food resource in Europe and East Asia. Following its introduction into China toward the end of the Ming dynasty, the potato immediately became a delicacy of the imperial family. After the middle period of the Qianlong era (1735–96) in the Qing dynasty, population increases and a subsequent need to increase grain yields coupled with greater peasant geographic mobility led to the rapid spread of potato cultivation throughout China, and it was acclimated to local natural conditions.

text: Boomgaard (2003) looks at the adoption of various root and tuber crops in Indonesia throughout the colonial period and examines the chronology and reasons for progressive adoption of foreign crops: sweet potato, Irish potato, bengkuang (yam beans), and cassava.

text: Edward Terry mentioned the potato in his travel accounts of the banquet at Ajmer by Asaph Khan to Sir Thomas Roe, the British Ambassador in 1675. It is the earliest mention in history of India[clarification needed]. The vegetables gardens of Surat and Karnataka had potatoes as mentioned in Fyer's travel record of 1675. The Portuguese introduced potatoes, which they called 'Batata', to India in the early seventeenth century when they cultivated it along the western coast. British traders introduced potatoes to Bengal as a root crop, 'Alu'. By the end of the 18th century, it was cultivated across northern hill areas of India.[16] Potatoes were introduced to Tibet by the 19th century through trade route from India.[29]

text: The potato was introduced to the Philippines during the late 16th century, and to Java and China during the 17th century.[citation needed]

text: North America[edit]

text: Potatoes were planted in Idaho as early as 1838; by 1900 the state's production exceeded a million bushels (about 27,000 tonnes[31]). Prior to 1910, the crops were stored in barns or root cellars, but, by the 1920s, potato cellars or barns came into use. U.S. potato production has increased steadily; two-thirds of the crop comes from Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, and Maine, and potato growers have strengthened their position in both domestic and foreign markets.

text: By the 1960s, the Canadian Potato Research Centre in Fredericton, New Brunswick, was one of the top six potato research institutes in the world. Established in 1912 as a Dominion Experimental Station, the station began in the 1930s to concentrate on breeding new varieties of disease-resistant potatoes. In the 1950s–1960s, the growth of the French fry industry in New Brunswick led to a focus on developing varieties for the industry. By the 1970s, the station's potato research was broader than ever before, but the station and its research programs had changed, as emphasis was placed on serving industry rather than potato farmers in general. Scientists at the station even began describing their work using engineering language rather than scientific prose.[32] Potatoes are Canada's most important vegetable crop; they are grown commercially in all its provinces, led by Prince Edward Island.[33] In modern days potatoes have grown in popularity due to their versatility and ability to be used for many different dishes of food.

text: The first potatoes to arrive in North America from Europe were sent to Gov. Francis Wyatt of Virginia at Jamestown by Nathaniel Butler. There were two large cedar boxes that were filled with different vegetables, among them were potatoes. The very first potatoes grown in North America were planted in Derry New Hampshire in the year 1719. Idaho didn't begin growing potatoes until 1836.[citation needed]


document_title: Kevin De Bruyne

question_text: when did kevin de bruyne join manchester city

text: Kevin De Bruyne

text: Club career[edit]

text: Early career[edit]

text: De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 2003. Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005. De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.

text: Genk[edit]

text: De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.[14] Having established himself in the team the following season,[15] on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.[16] He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.[17] On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.[18] On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win. On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons. De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent. He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.[15]

text: Chelsea[edit]

text: On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.[19] He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season. De Bruyne told the club website, "To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary."[20][21] On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win. De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York.

text: Werder Bremen (loan)[edit]

text: On 2 August 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal after having successfully completed a medical.[22] De Bruyne scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.[23][24] De Bruyne continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.[25][26] De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.[27][28]

text: De Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.[29][30] He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.[31][32]

text: Return to Chelsea[edit]

text: After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen. Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.[33]

text: De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI,[34] but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.[35]

text: Wolfsburg[edit]

text: 2013–14 season[edit]

text: On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).[36] On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.[37] On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.[38] After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.[39] He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.

text: 2014–15 season[edit]

text: De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.[40] In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.[41] On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.[42] On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.[43]

text: On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first-leg Europa League round-of-16 victory over Internazionale.[44] On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.[45]

text: De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.[46] On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as Die Wölfe defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.[47]

text: De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions,[48] and was named the 2015 Footballer of the Year in Germany.[13]

text: 2015–16 season[edit]

text: De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.[49] On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.[50]

text: In August, De Bruyne, in the midst of transfer speculation, insisted that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but admitted that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: "If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything... I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there. I do not have to go to England... If I go there it’s because for me and for my family it is a good choice. That’s the key for me."[51]

text: On 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million. Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, stated that the club would fight to keep him, saying "I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head... Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open."[52]

text: On 27 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million. Klaus Allofs said that City had made an "astonishing" wage offer to De Bruyne.[53]

text: Manchester City[edit]

text: 2015–16 season[edit]

text: On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million) making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.[54][55] He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.[56] On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.[57] He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September[58] and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.[59] On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.[60]

text: On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside such teammates as Sergio Agüero and Yaya Touré.[61] Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.[62]

text: On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.[63]

text: On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.[64]

text: On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored one in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.[65]

text: On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.[66] Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.[67]

text: On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club’s history, on an aggregate score of 3–2. Writing in The Independent, Mark Ogden said, "It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area."[68]

text: De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.[69]

text: 2016–17 season[edit]

text:
"I think he is a special, outstanding player. He makes everything. Without the ball he is the first fighter, and with the ball he is clear – he sees absolutely everything."

—Pep Guardiola on 17 September 2016 describing De Bruyne after his brilliant performances for City[70]

tag: div

text: On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the Man of the Match.[71]

text: On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the Man of the Match, in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth. De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.[72] After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1. Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.[73]

text: On 1 November De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.[74]

text: On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named Man of the Match.[75] On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.[76]

text: 2017–18 season[edit]

text: De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.[77] On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as the Citizens overcame Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.[78]

text: On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new contract with City, keeping him at the club until 2023.[79]

text: International career[edit]

text: Early in De Bruyne's career it was rumoured that his mother had been born in Ealing and that he was therefore eligible to play for the England national team, but in fact his mother was born in Burundi and moved to Ealing as a child.[80] Due to his mother's place of birth, he was also eligible to play for the Burundi national team.[81]

text: De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level. He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.[82]

text: De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.[83]

text: On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[84] In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser[85] and was named man of the match by FIFA.[86] In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.[87]

text: On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equalling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.[88]

text: In June 2016, De Bruyne played at UEFA Euro 2016.[89]

text: Style of play[edit]

text: De Bruyne plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate as a winger or second striker. He is often described as one of the best modern day advanced playmakers due to his technique, wide range of passing, and long-range shooting skills.[90][91]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: De Bruyne speaks Dutch, French and English fluently.[92] He has one sister, Stefanie De Bruyne.[93]

text: His mother is English, but was born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.[94] In a 2013 interview, De Bruyne said: "My mother has an English mentality, but I am fully Belgian."[80] His hometown Drongen, a submunicipality of the city of Ghent, is situated in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.[95][96]

text: In 2013 the Daily Mail alleged that Chelsea teammate Thibaut Courtois had had an affair with De Bruyne's then-girlfriend Caroline Lijnen. De Bruyne attacked Courtois when training with the Belgian international team, but reconciled with Courtois after.[97] Since 2014, De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix,[98] who announced on 28 September 2015 that she was pregnant with the couple's baby son.[99] Mason Milian De Bruyne was born on 10 March 2016.[100] De Bruyne and Lacroix married in June 2017.[101]

text: In 2015 De Bruyne bought his first car, a Mercedes, having previously relied on club vehicles, in preparation for the birth of his first child.[102] His autobiography, entitled Keep It Simple (ISBN 9789089314826), was published in October 2014.[102]

text: Career statistics[edit]

text: Club[edit]

text:
Club
Season
League[nb 1]
Cup
League Cup
Europe
Other[nb 2]
Total
Ref.

Division
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals

Genk
2008–09
Pro League
2
0
0
0
—
2
0
[3][103]

2009–10
35
3
2
0
—
2
0
1
0
40
3
[3][103]

2010–11
32
5
0
0
—
3
1
0
0
35
6
[3][103]

2011–12
28
8
1
0
—
6
0
1
0
36
8
[3][103]

Total
97
16
3
0
—
11
1
2
0
113
17
—

Werder Bremen (loan)
2012–13
Bundesliga
33
10
1
0
—
34
10
[104]

Chelsea
2013–14
Premier League
3
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
—
9
0
[3]

Wolfsburg
2013–14
Bundesliga
16
3
2
0
—
18
3
[105]

2014–15
34
10
6
1
—
11
5
—
51
16
[106]

2015–16
1
0
1
1
—
1
0
3
1
[107]

Total
51
13
9
2
—
11
5
1
0
72
20
—

Manchester City
2015–16
Premier League
25
7
1
1
5
5
10
3
—
41
16
[107]

2016–17
36
6
5
0
1
0
7
1
—
49
7
[108]

2017–18
36
8
3
1
4
2
8
1
—
51
12
[109]

Total
97
21
9
2
10
7
25
5
—
141
35
—

Career totals
281
60
22
4
13
7
50
11
3
0
369
82
—

text: International[edit]

text:
National team
Season
Apps
Goals

Belgium[N]
2010
1
0

2011
1
0

2012
6
1

2013
11
3

2014
11
4

2015
8
4

2016
12
1

2017
7
0

2018
1
1

Total
59
14

text: International goals[edit]

text:
Goal
Date
Venue
Caps
Opponent
Score
Result
Competition

1.
12 October 2012
Stadium Crvena Zvezda, Belgrade, Serbia

6

 Serbia

2–0

3–0

2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying

2.
22 March 2013
Philip II Arena, Skopje, Macedonia

10

 Macedonia

1–0

2–0

2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying

3.
7 June 2013
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

13

 Serbia

1–0

2–1

2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying

4.
15 October 2013
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

17

 Wales

1–0

1–1

2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying

5.
26 May 2014
Cristal Arena, Genk, Belgium

21

 Luxembourg[N]

5–1

5–1

Friendly

6.
1 July 2014
Arena Fonte Nova, Salvador, Brazil

25

 United States

1–0

2–1

2014 FIFA World Cup

7.
10 October 2014
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

28

 Andorra

1–0

6–0

UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying

8.

2–0

9.
3 September 2015
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

34

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

2–1

3–1

UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying

10.
10 October 2015
Estadi Nacional, Andorra la Vella, Andorra

36

 Andorra

2–0

4–1

UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying

11.
13 October 2015
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

37

 Israel

2–0

3–1

UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying

12.
13 November 2015
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

38

 Italy

2–1

3–1

Friendly

13.
28 May 2016
Stade de Genève, Lancy, Switzerland

39

  Switzerland

2–1

2–1

Friendly

14.
27 March 2018
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium

59

 Saudi Arabia

4–0

4–0

Friendly

text: ^ De Bruyne caps against Romania on 14 November 2012, against Luxembourg (included his one goal) on 26 May 2014 and against Czech Republic on 5 June 2017 were counted by RBFA but not officially recognised by FIFA due to an excessive number of substitutions according to the Laws of the Game.[111][112][113][114]

text: Honours[edit]

text:
Belgian Pro League: 2010–11
Belgian Cup: 2008–09
Belgian Super Cup: 2011

text: VfL Wolfsburg[115][116]

text:
DFB-Pokal: 2014–15
DFL-Supercup: 2015

text: Manchester City

text:
Premier League: 2017–18[117]
Football League/EFL Cup: 2015–16,[118] 2017–18[119]

text: Individual

text:
Bundesliga Young Player of the Year: 2012–13[120]
Bundesliga Player of the Year: 2014–15[121]
Bundesliga Team of the Year: 2014–15[122]
UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2017–18[123]
UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2014–15[124]
Manchester City Player of the Month: September 2015, October 2015, December 2015, April 2016, September 2017, October 2017[125][126][127][128][129][130]
Footballer of the Year in Germany: 2015[13]
France Football World XI: 2015[131]
Belgian Sportsman of the Year: 2015[132]
Manchester City Player of the Year: 2015–16[133], 2017–18[134]
FIFA FIFPro World XI 3rd team: 2016[135]
IFFHS Men's World Team: 2017[136]
UEFA Team of the Year: 2017[137]
PFA Team of the Year: 2017–18 Premier League[138]
Premier League Playmaker of the Season: 2017–18[139]

text: Books[edit]

text: Keep It Simple (2014) (autobiography, co-authored with Raoul de Groote), Amsterdam: Borgerhoff & Lamberigts, ISBN 978-9089-31-482-6