document_title: List of Super Bowl champions

question_text: who has won the most back to back super bowls

text: List of Super Bowl champions

text: Super Bowl Championship (1966–present)

text: Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:

text:
Winning team and losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl as well as each respective teams' Super Bowl record to date.
Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
City column indicates number of times that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.

text:
National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970)
American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970)

NFL champion‡
(4, 2–2)
AFL champion^
(4, 2–2)

National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present)
American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present)

NFC champion*
(48, 25–23)
AFC champion†
(48, 23–25)

text:
Game
Date
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Venue
City
Attendance
Ref

01 !I
000000001967-01-15-0000January 15, 1967
Green Bay Packers 01 !Green Bay Packers‡
(1, 1–0)
3510 !35–10
Kansas City Chiefs 01 !Kansas City Chiefs^
(1, 0–1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 01 !Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Los Angeles, California 01 !Los Angeles, California[note 1]
061946 !61,946
[11]

02 !II
000000001968-01-14-0000January 14, 1968
Green Bay Packers 02 !Green Bay Packers‡
(2, 2–0)
3314 !33–14
Oakland Raiders 01 !Oakland Raiders^
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 01 !Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida 01 !Miami, Florida[note 2]
075546 !75,546
[12]

03 !III
000000001969-01-12-0000January 12, 1969
New York Jets 01 !New York Jets^
(1, 1–0)
1607 !16–7
Indianapolis Colts 01 !Baltimore Colts‡
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 02 !Miami Orange Bowl (2)
Miami, Florida 02 !Miami, Florida (2)[note 2]
075389 !75,389
[13]

04 !IV
000000001970-01-11-0000January 11, 1970
Kansas City Chiefs 02 !Kansas City Chiefs^
(2, 1–1)
2307 !23–7
Minnesota Vikings 01 !Minnesota Vikings‡
(1, 0–1)
Tulane Stadium 01 !Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana 01 !New Orleans, Louisiana
080562 !80,562
[14]

05 !V
000000001971-01-17-0000January 17, 1971
Indianapolis Colts 02 !Baltimore Colts†
(2, 1–1)
1613 !16–13
Dallas Cowboys 01 !Dallas Cowboys*
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 03 !Miami Orange Bowl (3)
Miami, Florida 03 !Miami, Florida (3)[note 2]
079204 !79,204
[15]

06 !VI
000000001972-01-16-0000January 16, 1972
Dallas Cowboys 02 !Dallas Cowboys*
(2, 1–1)
2403 !24–3
Miami Dolphins 01 !Miami Dolphins†
(1, 0–1)
Tulane Stadium 02 !Tulane Stadium (2)
New Orleans, Louisiana 02 !New Orleans, Louisiana (2)
081023 !81,023
[16]

07 !VII
000000001973-01-14-0000January 14, 1973
Miami Dolphins 02 !Miami Dolphins†
(2, 1–1)
1407 !14–7
Washington Redskins 01 !Washington Redskins*
(1, 0–1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 02 !Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2)
Los Angeles, California 02 !Los Angeles, California (2)[note 1]
090182 !90,182
[17]

08 !VIII
000000001974-01-13-0000January 13, 1974
Miami Dolphins 03 !Miami Dolphins†
(3, 2–1)
2407 !24–7
Minnesota Vikings 02 !Minnesota Vikings*
(2, 0–2)
Rice Stadium 01 !Rice Stadium
Houston, Texas 01 !Houston, Texas
071882 !71,882
[18]

09 !IX
000000001975-01-12-0000January 12, 1975
Pittsburgh Steelers 01 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(1, 1–0)
1606 !16–6
Minnesota Vikings 03 !Minnesota Vikings*
(3, 0–3)
Tulane Stadium 03 !Tulane Stadium (3)
New Orleans, Louisiana 03 !New Orleans, Louisiana (3)
080997 !80,997
[19]

10 !X
000000001976-01-18-0000January 18, 1976
Pittsburgh Steelers 02 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(2, 2–0)
2117 !21–17
Dallas Cowboys 03 !Dallas Cowboys*
(3, 1–2)
Miami Orange Bowl 04 !Miami Orange Bowl (4)
Miami, Florida 04 !Miami, Florida (4)[note 2]
080187 !80,187
[20]

11 !XI
000000001977-01-09-0000January 9, 1977
Oakland Raiders 02 !Oakland Raiders†
(2, 1–1)
3214 !32–14
Minnesota Vikings 04 !Minnesota Vikings*
(4, 0–4)
Rose Bowl 01 !Rose Bowl
Los Angeles, California 03 !Pasadena, California (3)[note 1]
103438 !103,438
[21]

12 !XII
000000001978-01-15-0000January 15, 1978
Dallas Cowboys 04 !Dallas Cowboys*
(4, 2–2)
2710 !27–10
Denver Broncos 01 !Denver Broncos†
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 01 !Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana 04 !New Orleans, Louisiana (4)
076400 !76,400
[22]

13 !XIII
000000001979-01-21-0000January 21, 1979
Pittsburgh Steelers 03 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(3, 3–0)
3531 !35–31
Dallas Cowboys 05 !Dallas Cowboys*
(5, 2–3)
Miami Orange Bowl 05 !Miami Orange Bowl (5)
Miami, Florida 05 !Miami, Florida (5)[note 2]
079484 !79,484
[23]

14 !XIV
000000001980-01-20-0000January 20, 1980
Pittsburgh Steelers 04 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(4, 4–0)
3119 !31–19
Los Angeles Rams 01 !Los Angeles Rams*
(1, 0–1)
Rose Bowl 02 !Rose Bowl (2)
Los Angeles, California 04 !Pasadena, California (4)[note 1]
103985 !103,985
[24]

15 !XV
000000001981-01-25-0000January 25, 1981
Oakland Raiders 03 !Oakland Raiders†
(3, 2–1)
2710 !27–10
Philadelphia Eagles 01 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 02 !Louisiana Superdome (2)
New Orleans, Louisiana 05 !New Orleans, Louisiana (5)
076135 !76,135
[25]

16 !XVI
000000001982-01-24-0000January 24, 1982
San Francisco 49ers 01 !San Francisco 49ers*
(1, 1–0)
2621 !26–21
Cincinnati Bengals 01 !Cincinnati Bengals†
(1, 0–1)
Pontiac Silverdome 01 !Pontiac Silverdome
Detroit, Michigan 01 !Pontiac, Michigan[note 1]
081270 !81,270
[26]

17 !XVII
000000001983-01-30-0000January 30, 1983
Washington Redskins 02 !Washington Redskins*
(2, 1–1)
2717 !27–17
Miami Dolphins 04 !Miami Dolphins†
(4, 2–2)
Rose Bowl 03 !Rose Bowl (3)
Los Angeles, California 05 !Pasadena, California (5)[note 1]
103667 !103,667
[27]

18 !XVIII
000000001984-01-22-0000January 22, 1984
Oakland Raiders 04 !Los Angeles Raiders†
(4, 3–1)
3809 !38–9
Washington Redskins 03 !Washington Redskins*
(3, 1–2)
Tampa Stadium 01 !Tampa Stadium
Tampa, Florida 01 !Tampa, Florida
072920 !72,920
[28]

19 !XIX
000000001985-01-20-0000January 20, 1985
San Francisco 49ers 02 !San Francisco 49ers*
(2, 2–0)
3816 !38–16
Miami Dolphins 05 !Miami Dolphins†
(5, 2–3)
Stanford Stadium 01 !Stanford Stadium
San Francisco, California 01 !Stanford, California[note 1]
084059 !84,059
[29]

20 !XX
000000001986-01-26-0000January 26, 1986
Chicago Bears 01 !Chicago Bears*
(1, 1–0)
4610 !46–10
New England Patriots 01 !New England Patriots†
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 03 !Louisiana Superdome (3)
New Orleans, Louisiana 06 !New Orleans, Louisiana (6)
073818 !73,818
[30]

21 !XXI
000000001987-01-25-0000January 25, 1987
New York Giants 01 !New York Giants*
(1, 1–0)
3920 !39–20
Denver Broncos 02 !Denver Broncos†
(2, 0–2)
Rose Bowl 04 !Rose Bowl (4)
Los Angeles, California 06 !Pasadena, California (6)[note 1]
101063 !101,063
[31]

22 !XXII
000000001988-01-31-0000January 31, 1988
Washington Redskins 04 !Washington Redskins*
(4, 2–2)
4210 !42–10
Denver Broncos 03 !Denver Broncos†
(3, 0–3)
Qualcomm Stadium 01 !San Diego–Jack Murphy Stadium[note 3]
San Diego, California 01 !San Diego, California
073302 !73,302
[32]

23 !XXIII
000000001989-01-22-0000January 22, 1989
San Francisco 49ers 03 !San Francisco 49ers*
(3, 3–0)
2016 !20–16
Cincinnati Bengals 02 !Cincinnati Bengals†
(2, 0–2)
Hard Rock Stadium 01 !Joe Robbie Stadium[note 3]
Miami, Florida 06 !Miami Gardens, Florida (6)[note 2]
075129 !75,129
[33]

24 !XXIV
000000001990-01-28-0000January 28, 1990
San Francisco 49ers 04 !San Francisco 49ers*
(4, 4–0)
5510 !55–10
Denver Broncos 04 !Denver Broncos†
(4, 0–4)
Louisiana Superdome 04 !Louisiana Superdome (4)
New Orleans, Louisiana 07 !New Orleans, Louisiana (7)
072919 !72,919
[34]

25 !XXV
000000001991-01-27-0000January 27, 1991
New York Giants 02 !New York Giants*
(2, 2–0)
2019 !20–19
Buffalo Bills 01 !Buffalo Bills†
(1, 0–1)
Tampa Stadium 02 !Tampa Stadium (2)
Tampa, Florida 02 !Tampa, Florida (2)
073813 !73,813
[35]

26 !XXVI
000000001992-01-26-0000January 26, 1992
Washington Redskins 05 !Washington Redskins*
(5, 3–2)
3724 !37–24
Buffalo Bills 02 !Buffalo Bills†
(2, 0–2)
Metrodome 01 !Metrodome
Minneapolis, Minnesota 01 !Minneapolis, Minnesota
063130 !63,130
[36]

27 !XXVII
000000001993-01-31-0000January 31, 1993
Dallas Cowboys 06 !Dallas Cowboys*
(6, 3–3)
5217 !52–17
Buffalo Bills 03 !Buffalo Bills†
(3, 0–3)
Rose Bowl 05 !Rose Bowl (5)
Los Angeles, California 07 !Pasadena, California (7)[note 1]
098374 !98,374
[37]

28 !XXVIII
000000001994-01-30-0000January 30, 1994
Dallas Cowboys 07 !Dallas Cowboys*
(7, 4–3)
3013 !30–13
Buffalo Bills 04 !Buffalo Bills†
(4, 0–4)
Georgia Dome 01 !Georgia Dome
Atlanta, Georgia 01 !Atlanta, Georgia
072817 !72,817
[38]

29 !XXIX
000000001995-01-29-0000January 29, 1995
San Francisco 49ers 05 !San Francisco 49ers*
(5, 5–0)
4926 !49–26
San Diego Chargers 01 !San Diego Chargers†
(1, 0–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 02 !Joe Robbie Stadium (2)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 07 !Miami Gardens, Florida (7)[note 2]
074107 !74,107
[39]

30 !XXX
000000001996-01-28-0000January 28, 1996
Dallas Cowboys 08 !Dallas Cowboys*
(8, 5–3)
2717 !27–17
Pittsburgh Steelers 05 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(5, 4–1)
Sun Devil Stadium 01 !Sun Devil Stadium
Phoenix, Arizona 01 !Tempe, Arizona[note 1]
076347 !76,347
[40]

31 !XXXI
000000001997-01-26-0000January 26, 1997
Green Bay Packers 03 !Green Bay Packers*
(3, 3–0)
3521 !35–21
New England Patriots 02 !New England Patriots†
(2, 0–2)
Louisiana Superdome 05 !Louisiana Superdome (5)
New Orleans, Louisiana 08 !New Orleans, Louisiana (8)
072301 !72,301
[41]

32 !XXXII
000000001998-01-25-0000January 25, 1998
Denver Broncos 05 !Denver Broncos†
(5, 1–4)
3124 !31–24
Green Bay Packers 04 !Green Bay Packers*
(4, 3–1)
Qualcomm Stadium 02 !Qualcomm Stadium (2)[note 3]
San Diego, California 02 !San Diego, California (2)
068912 !68,912
[42]

33 !XXXIII
000000001999-01-31-0000January 31, 1999
Denver Broncos 06 !Denver Broncos†
(6, 2–4)
3419 !34–19
Atlanta Falcons 01 !Atlanta Falcons*
(1, 0–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 03 !Pro Player Stadium (3)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 08 !Miami Gardens, Florida (8)[note 2]
074803 !74,803
[43]

34 !XXXIV
000000002000-01-30-0000January 30, 2000
Los Angeles Rams 02 !St. Louis Rams*
(2, 1–1)
2316 !23–16
Tennessee Titans 01 !Tennessee Titans†
(1, 0–1)
Georgia Dome 02 !Georgia Dome (2)
Atlanta, Georgia 02 !Atlanta, Georgia (2)
072625 !72,625
[44]

35 !XXXV
000000002001-01-28-0000January 28, 2001
Baltimore Ravens 01 !Baltimore Ravens†
(1, 1–0)
3407 !34–7
New York Giants 03 !New York Giants*
(3, 2–1)
Raymond James Stadium 01 !Raymond James Stadium
Tampa, Florida 03 !Tampa, Florida (3)
071921 !71,921
[45]

36 !XXXVI
000000002002-02-03-0000February 3, 2002
New England Patriots 03 !New England Patriots†
(3, 1–2)
2017 !20–17
Los Angeles Rams 03 !St. Louis Rams*
(3, 1–2)
Louisiana Superdome 06 !Louisiana Superdome (6)
New Orleans, Louisiana 09 !New Orleans, Louisiana (9)
072922 !72,922
[46]

37 !XXXVII
000000002003-01-26-0000January 26, 2003
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 01 !Tampa Bay Buccaneers*
(1, 1–0)
4821 !48–21
Oakland Raiders 05 !Oakland Raiders†
(5, 3–2)
Qualcomm Stadium 03 !Qualcomm Stadium (3)[note 3]
San Diego, California 03 !San Diego, California (3)
067603 !67,603
[47]

38 !XXXVIII
000000002004-02-01-0000February 1, 2004
New England Patriots 04 !New England Patriots†
(4, 2–2)
3229 !32–29
Carolina Panthers 01 !Carolina Panthers*
(1, 0–1)
NRG Stadium 01 !Reliant Stadium[note 3]
Houston, Texas 02 !Houston, Texas (2)
071525 !71,525
[48]

39 !XXXIX
000000002005-02-06-0000February 6, 2005
New England Patriots 05 !New England Patriots†
(5, 3–2)
2421 !24–21
Philadelphia Eagles 02 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(2, 0–2)
ALLTEL Stadium 01 !Alltel Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida 01 !Jacksonville, Florida
078125 !78,125
[49]

40 !XL
000000002006-02-05-0000February 5, 2006
Pittsburgh Steelers 06 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(6, 5–1)
2110 !21–10
Seattle Seahawks 01 !Seattle Seahawks*
(1, 0–1)
Ford Field 01 !Ford Field
Detroit, Michigan 02 !Detroit, Michigan (2)[note 1]
068206 !68,206
[50]

41 !XLI
000000002007-02-04-0000February 4, 2007
Indianapolis Colts 03 !Indianapolis Colts†
(3, 2–1)
2917 !29–17
Chicago Bears 02 !Chicago Bears*
(2, 1–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 04 !Dolphin Stadium (4)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 09 !Miami Gardens, Florida (9)[note 2]
074512 !74,512
[51]

42 !XLII
000000002008-02-03-0000February 3, 2008
New York Giants 04 !New York Giants*
(4, 3–1)
1714 !17–14
New England Patriots 06 !New England Patriots†
(6, 3–3)
University of Phoenix Stadium 01 !University of Phoenix Stadium
Phoenix, Arizona 02 !Glendale, Arizona (2)[note 1]
071101 !71,101
[52]

43 !XLIII
000000002009-02-01-0000February 1, 2009
Pittsburgh Steelers 07 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(7, 6–1)
2723 !27–23
Arizona Cardinals 01 !Arizona Cardinals*
(1, 0–1)
Raymond James Stadium 02 !Raymond James Stadium (2)
Tampa, Florida 04 !Tampa, Florida (4)
070774 !70,774
[53]

44 !XLIV
000000002010-02-07-0000February 7, 2010
New Orleans Saints 01 !New Orleans Saints*
(1, 1–0)
3117 !31–17
Indianapolis Colts 04 !Indianapolis Colts†
(4, 2–2)
Hard Rock Stadium 05 !Sun Life Stadium (5)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 10 !Miami Gardens, Florida (10)[note 2]
074059 !74,059
[54]

45 !XLV
000000002011-02-06-0000February 6, 2011
Green Bay Packers 05 !Green Bay Packers*
(5, 4–1)
3125 !31–25
Pittsburgh Steelers 08 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(8, 6–2)
Cowboys Stadium 01 !Cowboys Stadium
Arlington, Texas 01 !Arlington, Texas
103219 !103,219
[55]

46 !XLVI
000000002012-02-05-0000February 5, 2012
New York Giants 05 !New York Giants*
(5, 4–1)
2117 !21–17
New England Patriots 07 !New England Patriots†
(7, 3–4)
Lucas Oil Stadium 01 !Lucas Oil Stadium
Indianapolis, Indiana 01 !Indianapolis, Indiana
068658 !68,658
[56][57]

47 !XLVII
000000002013-02-03-0000February 3, 2013
Baltimore Ravens 02 !Baltimore Ravens†
(2, 2–0)
3431 !34–31
San Francisco 49ers 06 !San Francisco 49ers*
(6, 5–1)
Louisiana Superdome 07 !Mercedes-Benz Superdome (7)
New Orleans, Louisiana 10 !New Orleans, Louisiana (10)
071024 !71,024
[56][58]

48 !XLVIII
000000002014-02-02-0000February 2, 2014
Seattle Seahawks 02 !Seattle Seahawks*
(2, 1–1)
4308 !43–8
Denver Broncos 07 !Denver Broncos†
(7, 2–5)
MetLife Stadium 01 !MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford, New Jersey 01 !East Rutherford, New Jersey
082529 !82,529
[59]

49 !XLIX
000000002015-02-01-0000February 1, 2015
New England Patriots 08 !New England Patriots†
(8, 4–4)
2824 !28–24
Seattle Seahawks 03 !Seattle Seahawks*
(3, 1–2)
University of Phoenix Stadium 02 !University of Phoenix Stadium (2)
Phoenix, Arizona 03 !Glendale, Arizona (3)[note 1]
070288 !70,288
[60][61]

50 !50 [note 4]
000000002016-02-07-0000February 7, 2016
Denver Broncos 08 !Denver Broncos†
(8, 3–5)
2410 !24–10
Carolina Panthers 02 !Carolina Panthers*
(2, 0–2)
Levi's Stadium 01 !Levi's Stadium
San Francisco, California 02 !Santa Clara, California (2)[note 1]
071088 !71,088
[61][62][63]

51 !LI
000000002017-02-05-0000February 5, 2017
New England Patriots 09 !New England Patriots†
(9, 5–4)
3428 !34–28 (OT)
Atlanta Falcons 02 !Atlanta Falcons*
(2, 0–2)
NRG Stadium 02 !NRG Stadium (2)[note 3]
Houston, Texas 03 !Houston, Texas (3)
070807 !70,807
[61][62][63]

52 !LII
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4, 2018
Philadelphia Eagles 03 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(3, 1–2)
4133 !41–33
New England Patriots 10 !New England Patriots†
(10, 5–5)
U.S. Bank Stadium 01 !U.S. Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota 02 !Minneapolis, Minnesota (2)
067612 !67,612
[64][65]

53 !LIII
000000002019-02-03-0000February 3, 2019 [note 5]
X 2019 !2018–19 AFC champion† at 2018–19 NFC champion*
0019 !—
X 2019 !To be determined (TBD)
Mercedes-Benz Stadium 01 !Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Atlanta, Georgia 03 !Atlanta, Georgia (3)
TBD
[66][67]

54 !LIV
000000002020-02-02-0000February 2, 2020 [note 5]
X 2020 !2019–20 NFC champion* at 2019–20 AFC champion†
0020 !—
X 2020 !To be determined
Hard Rock Stadium 06 !Hard Rock Stadium (6)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 11 !Miami Gardens, Florida (11)[note 2]
TBD
[66][67]

55 !LV
000000002021-02-07-0000February 7, 2021 [note 5]
X 2020 !2020–21 AFC champion† at 2020–21 NFC champion*
0021 !—
X 2021 !To be determined
Raymond James Stadium 03 !Raymond James Stadium (3)
Tampa, Florida 05 !Tampa, Florida (5)
TBD
[66][67]

56 !LVI
000000002022-02-06-0000February 6, 2022 [note 5]
X 2021 !2021–22 NFC champion† at 2021–22 AFC champion*
0022 !—
X 2022 !To be determined
City of Champions Stadium 01 !Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park
Los Angeles, California 08 !Inglewood, California (8)[note 1]
TBD
[66][67]

Game
Date
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Venue
City
Attendance
Ref

text: Consecutive winners

text: Seven franchises have won consecutive Super Bowls, one of which (Pittsburgh) has accomplished it twice:

text:
Green Bay Packers (Super Bowls I and II)
Miami Dolphins (VII and VIII)
Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X as well as XIII and XIV)
San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV)
Dallas Cowboys (XXVII and XXVIII)
Denver Broncos (XXXII and XXXIII)
New England Patriots (XXXVIII and XXXIX)

text: No franchise has yet won three Super Bowls in a row, although several have come close:

text:
The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, and also won the NFL championship the preceding year.
The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls (VI, VII, and VIII), winning the last two.
The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual Super Bowl champion Oakland Raiders. They also won two more consecutive Super Bowls (XIII and XIV) for four wins in six seasons.
The San Francisco 49ers won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXIII and XXIV); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship by the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants.
The Dallas Cowboys won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXVII and XXVIII); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship game by the eventual champion San Francisco 49ers. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX the following year for three wins in four seasons.
The New England Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVI, which was two years before their consecutive wins in XXXVIII and XXXIX, for three wins in four seasons. They did not make the playoffs in the intervening season (XXXVII). The Patriots also won Super Bowls XLIX and LI and in the intervening season (50) were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual champion Denver Broncos.

text: Consecutive losers

text: Three franchises have lost consecutive Super Bowls:

text:
Buffalo Bills (4) (Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII) – The only team to appear in four straight Super Bowls, let alone lose in all four appearances.
Minnesota Vikings (2) (Super Bowls VIII and IX) – They also lost Super Bowl XI, and were knocked out of the playoffs for Super Bowl X by the eventual losers the Dallas Cowboys for three losses in four seasons.
Denver Broncos (2) (Super Bowls XXI and XXII) – They also lost Super Bowl XXIV, but did not even make the playoffs for Super Bowl XXIII for three losses in four seasons.

text: Super Bowl appearances by team

text:
NFL‡/NFC* teams (27 wins)
AFL^/AFC† teams (25 wins)

NFL‡/AFC† team (0-1 as part of the NFL, 2-1 as part of the AFC)[note 6]

text: In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by number of years since last appearing in a Super Bowl. In the "Seasons" column, bold years indicate winning seasons, and italic years indicate games not yet completed.

text:
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Winning
percentage
Seasons

10A-05W-01YA-02YW !10
New England Patriots†
05W-10A-02YW-01YA !5
05L-10A-01YL-01YA !5
.500
1985 !1985,† 1996,† 2001,† 2003,† 2004,† 2007,† 2011,† 2014,† 2016,† 2017†

08A-06W-08YA-10YW !8
Pittsburgh Steelers†[note 6]
06W-08A-10YW-08YA !6
02L-08A-08YL-08YA !2
.750
1974 !1974,† 1975,† 1978,† 1979,† 1995,† 2005,† 2008,† 2010†

08A-05W-23YA-23YW !8
Dallas Cowboys*
05W-08A-23YW-23YA !5
03L-08A-40YL-23YA !3
.625
1970 !1970,* 1971,* 1975,* 1977,* 1978,* 1992,* 1993,* 1995*

08A-03W-03YA-03YW !8
Denver Broncos†
03W-08A-03YW-03YA !3
05L-08A-05YL-03YA !5
.375
1977 !1977,† 1986,† 1987,† 1989,† 1997,† 1998,† 2013,† 2015†

06A-05W-06YA-24YW !6
San Francisco 49ers*
05W-06A-24YW-06YA !5
01L-06A-06YL-06YA !1
.833
1981 !1981,* 1984,* 1988,* 1989,* 1994*, 2012*

05A-04W-08YA-08YW !5
Green Bay Packers‡*
04W-05A-08YW-08YA !4
01L-05A-21YL-08YA !1
.800
1966 !1966,‡ 1967,‡ 1996,* 1997,* 2010*

05A-04W-07YA-07YW !5
New York Giants*
04W-05A-07YW-07YA !4
01L-05A-18YL-07YA !1
.800
1986 !1986,* 1990,* 2000,* 2007,* 2011*

05A-03W-27YA-27YW !5
Washington Redskins*
03W-05A-27YW-27YA !3
02L-05A-35YL-27YA !2
.600
1972 !1972,* 1982,* 1983,* 1987,* 1991*

05A-03W-16YA-35YW !5
Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders^†
03W-05A-35YW-16YA !3
02L-05A-16YL-16YA !2
.600
1967,^ 1976,† 1980,† 1983,† 2002†

05A-02W-34YA-45YW !5
Miami Dolphins†
02W-05A-45YW-34YA !2
03L-05A-34YL-34YA !3
.400
1971 !1971,† 1972,† 1973,† 1982,† 1984†

04A-02W-09YA-12YW !4
Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts‡†[note 6]
02W-04A-12YW-09YA !2
02L-04A-09YL-09YA !2
.500
1968 !1968,‡ 1970,† 2006,† 2009†

04A-00W-42YA-53YW !4
Minnesota Vikings‡*
00W-04A-53YW-25YA !0
04L-04A-42YL-42YA !4
.000
1969 !1969,‡ 1973,* 1974,* 1976*

04A-00W-25YA-53YW !4
Buffalo Bills†
00W-04A-53YW-25YA !0
04L-04A-25YL-25YA !4
.000
1990 !1990,† 1991,† 1992,† 1993†

03A-01W-17YA-19YW !3
St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams*
01W-03A-19YW-17YA !1
02L-03A-17YL-17YA !2
.333
1979 !1979,* 1999,* 2001*

03A-01W-03YA-04YW !3
Seattle Seahawks*
01W-03A-04YW-03YA !1
02L-03A-03YL-03YA !2
.333
2005 !2005,* 2013,* 2014*

03A-01W-01YA-01YW !3
Philadelphia Eagles*
01W-03A-01YW-01YA !1
02L-03A-14YL-01YA !2
.333
1980 !1980,* 2004,* 2017*

02A-02W-06YA-06YW !2
Baltimore Ravens†[note 7]
02W-02A-06YW-06YA !2
00L-02A-22YL-06YA !0
1.000
2000 !2000,† 2012†

02A-01W-49YA-49YW !2
Kansas City Chiefs^†
01W-02A-49YW-49YA !1
01L-02A-52YL-49YA !1
.500
1966 !1966,^ 1969^

02A-01W-12YA-33YW !2
Chicago Bears*
01W-02A-33YW-12YA !1
01L-02A-12YL-12YA !1
.500
1985 !1985,* 2006*

02A-00W-30YA-53YW !2
Cincinnati Bengals†
00W-02A-53YW-30YA !0
02L-02A-30YL-30YA !2
.000
1981 !1981,† 1988†

02A-00W-03YA-23YW !2
Carolina Panthers*
00W-02A-23YW-03YA !0
02L-02A-03YL-03YA !2
.000
2003 !2003,* 2015*

02A-00W-02YA-53YW !2
Atlanta Falcons*
00W-02A-53YW-02YA !0
02L-02A-02YL-02YA !2
.000
1998 !1998,* 2016*

01A-01W-50YA-50YW !1
New York Jets^†
01W-01A-50YW-50YA !1
00L-01A-53YL-50YA !0
1.000
1968 !1968^

01A-01W-18YA-18YW !1
Tampa Bay Buccaneers*
01W-01A-18YW-18YA !1
00L-01A-44YL-18YA !0
1.000
2002 !2002*

01A-01W-09YA-09YW !1
New Orleans Saints*
01W-01A-09YW-09YA !1
00L-01A-52YL-09YA !0
1.000
2009 !2009*

01A-00W-24YA-53YW !1
San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers†
00W-01A-53YW-24YA !0
01L-01A-24YL-24YA !1
.000
1994 !1994†

01A-00W-19YA-53YW !1
Houston/Tennessee Oilers/Tennessee Titans†
00W-01A-53YW-19YA !0
01L-01A-19YL-19YA !1
.000
1999 !1999†

01A-00W-10YA-53YW !1
St. Louis/Arizona Cardinals*
00W-01A-53YW-10YA !0
01L-01A-10YL-10YA !1
.000
2008 !2008*

00A-00W-53YA-53YW-11CG !0
Cleveland Browns†[note 6][note 7]
00W-00A-53YW-53YA-11CG !0
00L-00A-53YL-53YA-11CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-53YA-53YW-05CG !0
Detroit Lions*
00W-00A-53YW-53YA-05CG !0
00L-00A-53YL-53YA-05CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-23YA-23YW-00CG !0
Jacksonville Jaguars†
00W-00A-23YW-23YA-00CG !0
00L-00A-23YL-23YA-00CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-16YA-16YW-00CG !0
Houston Texans†
00W-00A-16YW-16YA-00CG !0
00L-00A-16YL-16YA-00CG !0
–
none

text: Teams with no Super Bowl appearances

text: Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:

text:
Cleveland Browns, NFL champions four times in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964; appeared in seven other NFL championship games in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1965, 1968, and 1969; and appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1986, 1987, and 1989.[68] The Browns are officially viewed as one continuous franchise that began in 1946 as a member of the All-America Football Conference, joined the NFL in 1950, suspended operations from 1996 to 1998, and resumed play in 1999.[69] The Baltimore Ravens were created as an expansion team with former Browns players in 1996, and have since won two Super Bowls.[70]
Detroit Lions, NFL champions four times in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957; appeared in one other NFL Championship Game in 1954; and appeared in one NFC Championship Game in 1991[71]
Jacksonville Jaguars, 1995 expansion team; appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1996, 1999, and 2017.[72]
Houston Texans, 2002 expansion team; Divisional Round appearances in 2011, 2012, and 2016 seasons.

text: In addition, Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville have hosted Super Bowls, making Cleveland the only current NFL city that has neither hosted nor had its team play in a Super Bowl.

text: Teams with long Super Bowl droughts

text: Although Jacksonville and Houston have never appeared in a Super Bowl, there are teams whose most recent Super Bowl appearance is older than when Jacksonville and Houston joined the NFL (1995 and 2002, respectively), resulting in longer Super Bowl droughts than these teams for the following eight teams.

text: Two of these teams have not appeared in the Super Bowl since before the AFL–NFL merger in 1970:[73]

text:
New York Jets (most recently appeared in Super Bowl III, 1968 season)
Kansas City Chiefs (Super Bowl IV in 1969 season)

text: However, the Jets and the Chiefs are the only non-NFL teams to win the Super Bowl, both being members of the now-defunct AFL at the time.

text: The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the following teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 1995 regular season:

text:
Minnesota Vikings (Super Bowl XI, 1976 season)
Miami Dolphins (Super Bowl XIX, 1984 season)
Cincinnati Bengals (Super Bowl XXIII, 1988 season)
Washington Redskins (Super Bowl XXVI, 1991 season)
Buffalo Bills (Super Bowl XXVIII, 1993 season)
Los Angeles Chargers (played as San Diego Chargers in Super Bowl XXIX, 1994 season)

text: Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories

text: Eight teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In descending order of number of appearances, they are:

text:
Minnesota Vikings (4), appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. They won the NFL Championship Game in 1969, the last year before the AFL–NFL merger, but failed to win the subsequent Super Bowl. An NFL expansion team in 1961, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Buffalo Bills (4), appeared in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Their second and last AFL championship was in 1965, the season before the first Super Bowl.
Cincinnati Bengals (2), appeared in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. An AFL expansion team in 1968, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Atlanta Falcons (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI. An expansion team in 1966, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Carolina Panthers (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50. A post-merger expansion team, their first season was in 1995.
Arizona Cardinals (1), appeared in Super Bowl XLIII. Their last championship was in 1947 as the Chicago Cardinals.
Los Angeles Chargers (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXIX as the San Diego Chargers. Their only AFL championship was in 1963.
Tennessee Titans (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV. They won the first two AFL Championships in 1960 and 1961 as the Houston Oilers.

text: Super Bowl rematches

text: The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:

text:
Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers (3) – Super Bowls X and XIII were won by Pittsburgh, and Super Bowl XXX was won by Dallas. See also Cowboys–Steelers rivalry.
Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins (2) – Super Bowl VII was won by Miami, and Super Bowl XVII was won by Washington.
Cincinnati Bengals and San Francisco 49ers (2) – Super Bowls XVI and XXIII were both won by San Francisco.
Buffalo Bills and Dallas Cowboys (2) – Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII, the only rematch in consecutive seasons, were both won by Dallas.
New England Patriots and New York Giants (2) – Super Bowls XLII and XLVI were both won by New York.
New England Patriots and Philadelphia Eagles (2) – Super Bowl XXXIX was won by New England, Super Bowl LII was won by Philadelphia.


document_title: List of Phoenix Suns seasons

question_text: when did the suns last make the playoffs

root

text: List of Phoenix Suns seasons

text: Table key[edit]

text:
AMVP
All-Star Game Most Valuable Player

COY
Coach of the Year

Finish
Final position in league or division standings

GB
Games behind first-place team in division[a]

Losses
Number of regular season losses

EOY
Executive of the Year

JWKC
J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship

MVP
Most Valuable Player

ROY
Rookie of the Year

SMOY
Sixth Man of the Year

SPOR
Sportmanship Award

Wins
Number of regular season wins

Win%
Winning percentage

tag: table

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are correct as of the 2016–17 season.

tag: p

text:
NBA Champions
Conference champions
Division champions
Playoff berth

text:
Season
League
Conference
Finish
Division
Finish
Wins
Losses
Win%
GB
Playoffs
Awards[4]

1968–69
NBA
—
—
Western
7th
16
66
.195
7001390000000000000♠39

1969–70
NBA
—
—
Western
3rd
39
43
.476
7000900000000000000♠9
Lost Division Semifinals (Lakers) 4–3[8]

1970–71
NBA
Western
5th
Midwest
3rd
48
34
.585
7001180000000000000♠18

1971–72
NBA
Western
5th
Midwest
3rd
49
33
.598
7001140000000000000♠14

1972–73
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
3rd
38
44
.463
7001220000000000000♠22

1973–74
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
4th
30
52
.366
7001170000000000000♠17

1974–75
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
4th
32
50
.390
7001160000000000000♠16

1975–76
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
3rd
42
40
.512
7001170000000000000♠17
Won Conference Semifinals (SuperSonics) 4–2
Won Conference Finals (Warriors) 4–3
Lost NBA Finals (Celtics) 4–2[9]
Alvan Adams (ROY)

1976–77
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
5th
34
48
.415
7001190000000000000♠19

1977–78
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
49
33
.598
7000900000000000000♠9
Lost First Round (Bucks) 2–0[10]
Walter Davis (ROY)

1978–79
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
50
32
.610
7000200000000000000♠2
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 2–1
Won Conference Semifinals (Kings) 4–1
Lost Conference Finals (SuperSonics) 4–3[11]

1979–80
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
55
27
.671
7000500000000000000♠5
Won First Round (Kings) 2–1
Lost Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–1[12]

1980–81
NBA
Western
1st
Pacific
1st
57
25
.695
5000000000000000000♠—
Lost Conference Semifinals (Kings) 4–3[13]

1981–82
NBA
Western
5th
Pacific
3rd
46
36
.561
7001110000000000000♠11
Won First Round (Nuggets) 2–1
Lost Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–0[14]

1982–83
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
53
29
.646
7000500000000000000♠5
Lost First Round (Nuggets) 2–1[15]

1983–84
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
4th
41
41
.500
7001130000000000000♠13
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 3–2
Won Conference Semifinals (Jazz) 4–2
Lost Conference Finals (Lakers) 4–2[16]

1984–85
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
3rd
36
46
.439
7001260000000000000♠26
Lost First Round (Lakers) 3–0[17]

1985–86
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
3rd
32
50
.390
7001300000000000000♠30

1986–87
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
5th
36
46
.439
7001290000000000000♠29

1987–88
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
4th
28
54
.341
7001340000000000000♠34

1988–89
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
55
27
.671
7000200000000000000♠2
Won First Round (Nuggets) 3–0
Won Conference Semifinals (Warriors) 4–1
Lost Conference Finals (Lakers) 4–0[18]
Kevin Johnson (MIP)
Cotton Fitzsimmons (COY)
Eddie Johnson (SMOY)

1989–90
NBA
Western
5th
Pacific
3rd
54
28
.659
7000900000000000000♠9
Won First Round (Jazz) 3–2
Won Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–1
Lost Conference Finals (Trail Blazers) 4–2[19]

1990–91
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
55
27
.671
7000800000000000000♠8
Lost First Round (Jazz) 3–1[20]
Kevin Johnson (JWKC)

1991–92
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
53
29
.646
7000400000000000000♠4
Won First Round (Spurs) 3–0
Lost Conference Semifinals (Trail Blazers) 4–1[21]

1992–93
NBA
Western
1st
Pacific
1st
62
20
.756
5000000000000000000♠—
Won First Round (Lakers) 3–2
Won Conference Semifinals (Spurs) 4–2
Won Conference Finals (SuperSonics) 4–3
Lost NBA Finals (Bulls) 4–2[22]
Charles Barkley (MVP)

1993–94
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
56
26
.683
7000700000000000000♠7
Won First Round (Warriors) 3–0
Lost Conference Semifinals (Rockets) 4–3[23]

1994–95
NBA
Western
2nd
Pacific
1st
59
23
.720
5000000000000000000♠—
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 3–0
Lost Conference Semifinals (Rockets) 4–3[24]

1995–96
NBA
Western
7th
Pacific
4th
41
41
.500
7001230000000000000♠23
Lost First Round (Spurs) 3–1[25]

1996–97
NBA
Western
7th
Pacific
4th
40
42
.488
7001170000000000000♠17
Lost First Round (SuperSonics) 3–2[26]

1997–98
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
56
26
.683
7000500000000000000♠5
Lost First Round (Spurs) 3–1[27]
Danny Manning (SMOY)

1998–99[b]
NBA
Western
7th
Pacific
3rd
27
23
.540
7000800000000000000♠8
Lost First Round (Trail Blazers) 3–0[28]

1999–00
NBA
Western
5th
Pacific
3rd
53
29
.646
7001140000000000000♠14
Won First Round (Spurs) 3–1
Lost Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–1[29]
Rodney Rogers (SMOY)

2000–01
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
3rd
51
31
.623
7000500000000000000♠5
Lost First Round (Kings) 3–1[30]

2001–02
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
6th
36
46
.439
7001250000000000000♠25

2002–03
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
4th
44
38
.537
7001150000000000000♠15
Lost First Round (Spurs) 4–2[31]
Amar'e Stoudemire (ROY)

2003–04
NBA
Western
13th
Pacific
6th
29
53
.354
7001270000000000000♠27

2004–05
NBA
Western
1st
Pacific
1st
62
20
.756
5000000000000000000♠—
Won First Round (Grizzlies) 4–0
Won Conference Semifinals (Mavericks) 4–2
Lost Conference Finals (Spurs) 4–1[32]
Steve Nash (MVP)
Mike D'Antoni (COY)

2005–06
NBA
Western
2nd
Pacific
1st
54
28
.659
5000000000000000000♠—
Won First Round (Lakers) 4–3
Won Conference Semifinals (Clippers) 4–3
Lost Conference Finals (Mavericks) 4–2[33]
Steve Nash (MVP)
Boris Diaw (MIP)

2006–07
NBA
Western
2nd
Pacific
1st
61
21
.744
5000000000000000000♠—
Won First Round (Lakers) 4–1
Lost Conference Semifinals (Spurs) 4–2[34]
Leandro Barbosa (SMOY)
Steve Nash (JWKC)

2007–08
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
2nd
55
27
.671
7000200000000000000♠2
Lost First Round (Spurs) 4–1[35]
Grant Hill (SPOR)

2008–09
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
2nd
46
36
.561
7001190000000000000♠19

Shaquille O'Neal (AMVP)

2009–10
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
54
28
.659
7000300000000000000♠3
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 4–2
Won Conference Semifinals (Spurs) 4–0
Lost Conference Finals (Lakers) 4–2[36]
Grant Hill (SPOR)

2010–11
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
2nd
40
42
.488
7001170000000000000♠17

2011–12 [c]
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
3rd
33
33
.500
7001170000000000000♠17

2012–13
NBA
Western
15th
Pacific
5th
25
57
.305
7001320000000000000♠32

2013–14
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
3rd
48
34
.585
7000900000000000000♠9

Goran Dragić (MIP)

2014–15
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
3rd
39
43
.476
7001280000000000000♠28

2015–16
NBA
Western
14th
Pacific
4th
23
59
.280
7001500000000000000♠50

2016–17
NBA
Western
15th
Pacific
5th
24
58
.293
7001430000000000000♠43

text: All-time records[edit]

text:
Statistic
Wins
Losses
Win%

Regular season record (1968–2017)
2,146
1,824
.541

Postseason record (1968–2017)
133
141
.485

All-time regular and post-season record (1968–2017)
2,279
1,965
.537

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a This is determined by adding the absolute difference in wins between the leading team and the team of interest to the absolute difference in losses between the two teams, and dividing by two.
b Because of a lockout, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, and all 29 teams played a shortened 50-game regular season schedule.[37]
c Because of a lockout, the season did not start until December 25, 2011, and all thirty teams played a shortened 66-game regular season schedule.

tag: ul


document_title: Gel point (petroleum)

question_text: at what temperature does diesel fuel start to jail

text: Gel point (petroleum)

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Gel point is the temperature at which diesel or biodiesel fuel freezes solid and can no longer flow by gravity or be pumped through fuel lines. This phenomenon happens when a fuel reaches a low enough temperature whereby enough wax crystals have formed to prevent any movement in the oil. For #2 diesel this is usually around 17.5 °F (−8.1 °C).

text: For the fuel to become pumpable again, it needs to be brought above the gel point temperature to the Ungel point, which is typically near its pour point. However, most of the waxes will still remain in solid form and the fuel has to be warmed up further until its Remix temperature in order to completely remelt and redissolve the waxes.

text: Anti-gel additives are therefore commonly added to diesel or biodiesels where cold temperature is expected. They act to reduce the formation of wax crystals in the fuel, thereby lowering the pour point and the gel point of the fuel. Anti-gel additives may not necessarily affect the cloud point.


document_title: Dr. Seuss bibliography

question_text: what is the last book dr. seuss wrote

question_tokens: what is the last book dr. seuss wrote

text: Dr. Seuss bibliography

text: Dr. Seuss books[edit]

text: The bulk of Theodor Seuss Geisel's books were published under the name of Dr. Seuss. Except for Great Day for Up!, My Book about ME and I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!, these books were illustrated and written by Geisel. Note only first edition information is given.

text:
Title
Year
Publisher

Pocket Book of Boners !The Pocket Book of Boners
1931
Viking Press

This book is a collection of humorous anecdotes and illustrations representing some of the earliest work credited to Dr. Seuss. The 1941 printing of The Pocket Book of Boners compiles four separate books that were issued in 1931.

And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
1937
Vanguard Press

Marco watches the sight and sounds of people and vehicles traveling along Mulberry Street and dreams up an elaborate story to tell to his father at the end of his walk.

500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins !The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
1938
Vanguard Press

In the kingdom of Didd, King Derwin is riding through a street past Bartholomew Cubbins, a poor boy in the market. Bartholomew removes his hat, according to the laws, but another hat mysteriously appears; when he attempts to remove this one too, another one appears again, and this continues, even as he removes more and more hats, each growing in extravagance and beauty.

Seven Lady Godivas !The Seven Lady Godivas
1939
Random House

The seven Lady Godivas each learn a moral while taking care of a horse.

King's Stilts !The King's Stilts
1939
Random House

The story of King Bertram of Binn, who dedicates himself to safeguarding his kingdom, which has a precarious existence. It is surrounded by water, which is held back from flooding the land by a ring of dike trees, which are in turn subject to attack from flocks of nizzards. To protect the kingdom, a legion of Patrol Cats is organized to keep the nizzards at bay, and King Bertram sees to their care personally.

Horton Hatches the Egg
1940
Random House

An elephant named Horton is convinced by an irresponsible bird named Mayzie to sit on her egg while she takes a short break, which proves to last for months. Made into a Merrie Melodies cartoon in 1942.

McElligot's Pool
1947
Random House

A Caldecott Honor Book. A boy named Marco is ridiculed for fishing in a small, polluted pool, and tries to justify himself by imagining the fish he might catch. It is one of the few books by Geisel to use paintings as the medium for its illustrations, rather than his common use of pen and ink.

Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose
1948
Random House

Thidwick, a moose who lives in a herd "about sixty or more", accepts a bug living on his antlers for free, who tells a spider of the free housing, and both accept a "Zinn-a-zu" bird, and this leads to a whole host of freeloaders taking up residence.

Bartholomew and the Oobleck
1949
Random House

A Caldecott Honor Book. Bartholomew must rescue his kingdom from a sticky substance called oobleck. A sequel to The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins.

If I Ran the Zoo
1950
Random House

A Caldecott Honor Book. Gerald McGrew visits a zoo and finds that the animals are "not good enough" and describes how he would run the zoo. He would let all of the current animals free and find new, more bizarre and exotic ones.

Gerald McBoing Boing
1950
Simon & Schuster

Based on the Academy Award-winning short film of the same name. First Dr. Seuss book not illustrated by Geisel.

Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories
1950
Random House

Consists of three stories:

Yertle the Turtle: Unsatisfied with the stone that serves as his throne, the king turtle commands the other turtles to stack themselves beneath him so that he can see further and expand his kingdom.
Gertrude McFuzz: The "girl-bird" Gertrude McFuzz, has a small, plain tail and envies Lolla-Lee-Lou, who has two tail feathers.
The Big Brag: A rabbit and a bear, both boast that they are the "best of the beasts", because of the range of their hearing and smelling abilities, respectively.

Scrambled Eggs Super!
1953
Random House

A young boy named Peter T. Hooper spins a tale of an incredible meal he created by harvesting the eggs of fantastically exotic birds.

Horton Hears a Who!
1954
Random House

Horton the Elephant of the Jungle of Nool hears a small speck of dust talking to him. The speck of dust is actually a tiny planet, home to a city called Who-ville, inhabited by microscopic-sized inhabitants known as Whos and led by a character known as the Mayor. Adapted into a feature length CGI film.

On Beyond Zebra!
1955
Random House

The young narrator, not content with the confines of the ordinary alphabet, invents additional letters beyond Z, with a fantastic creature corresponding to each new letter.

If I Ran the Circus
1956
Random House

Behind Mr. Sneelock's ramshackle store, there's an empty lot. Little Morris McGurk is convinced that if he could just clear out the rusty cans, the dead tree, and the old cars, nothing would prevent him from using the lot for the amazing, world-beating, Circus McGurkus.

Cat in the Hat !The Cat in the Hat
1957
Random House/Houghton Mifflin

The Cat in the Hat brings his companions, Thing One and Thing Two, to a household of two young children one rainy day. Chaos ensues while the children wonder how they are going to explain what happens to their mother. First Beginner Books entry written and illustrated by Dr. Seuss. Adapted into a 2003 feature-length film

How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
1957
Random House

The Grinch, a bitter, cave-dwelling creature tries to steal everything related to Christmas by impersonating Santa Claus. Eventually he realizes he has a heart for Christmas after all. Adapted into a 1966 television special and a 2000 feature-length film

Cat in the Hat Comes Back !The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
1958
Random House

The Cat in the Hat returns and while he leaves Thing One and Thing Two at home, he does bring along Little Cat A nested inside his hat. Little Cat A doffs his hat to reveal Little Cat B, who in turn reveals C, and so on down to the microscopic Little Cat Z. Together they try to get rid of a pink ring that has spread from the bathtub to the dress, to the wall, into some shoes, and finally out onto the snow where they work to get rid of it.

Happy Birthday to You!
1959
Random House

Deals with a fantastic land, called Katroo, where the Birthday Bird throws everyone an amazing party on their special day.

One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish
1960
Random House

A simple rhyming book for learner readers, that has a freewheeling plot about a boy and a girl, and the many amazing creatures they have for friends and pets.

Green Eggs and Ham
1960
Random House

Sam-I-am consistently pesters an unnamed character (who is also the narrator) to try green eggs and ham. The unnamed character refuses to eat the food, insisting that he would not like it until the end.

Sneetches and Other Stories !The Sneetches and Other Stories
1961
Random House

Consists of four stories:

The Sneetches: Because the star-bellied sneetches are being prejudicial to the plain-bellied Sneetches, a "fix-it-up chappie" named Sylvester McMonkey McBean appears and offers the Sneetches without stars a chance to have them by going through his Star-On Machine.
The Zax: A North-going Zax and a South-going Zax meet face to face in the Prairie of Prax. They refuse to move out of the way for one another and end up staying there. Teaches the value of compromise.
Too Many Daves: A mother, Mrs. McCave, who named all 23 of her sons Dave and has trouble telling them apart.
What Was I Scared Of?: The tale of a character who repeatedly meets up with an empty pair of pale-green pants and has to learn to accept them.

Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book
1962
Random House

A small bug yawn spreads contagiously and though various creatures, including the Foona Lagoona Baboona, the Collapsable Frink, the Chippendale Mupp, The Offt, and the Krandles.

Dr. Seuss's ABC
1963
Random House

An alphabet book which features many strange creatures from the Aunt Annie's Alligator to the Zizzer-Zazzer-Zuzz.

Hop on Pop
1963
Random House

Hop on Pop provides simple rhymes to help beginner reading, such as a character named Pat who sits on a hat, a cat, a bat and must not sit on that (which is a cactus). Shows a variety of characters and teaches sentence composition.

Fox in Socks
1965
Random House

Mr. Fox challenges Mr. Knox with rhyming tongue-twisters, which begins to get on Knox's nerves.

I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew
1965
Random House

A tale of a young person who discovers the "troubles" of life and wishes to escape them.

Cat in the Hat Song Book !The Cat in the Hat Song Book
1967
Random House

A book exploring a wide variety of Dr. Seuss songs. Piano Score and Guitar Chords by Eugene Poddany

Foot Book !The Foot Book
1968
Random House

Introduces many different creatures with different feet. First Bright and Early Books entry written and illustrated by Dr. Seuss.

I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
1969
Random House

The title story concerns a boy who brags that he can fight 30 tigers and win. However, he makes excuse after excuse, finally disqualifying all the tigers until he must fight no tigers at all. The illustrations are notable for their use of gouache and brush strokes rather than the usual pen and ink. Others stories include King Looie Katz, another warning against hierarchical society advocating self-reliance, and The Glunk That Got Thunk about the power of run-away imagination.

My Book about ME
1969
Random House

This book is deliberately incomplete as there are blanks on every page where the child is meant to fill in answers specific to him or her.

I Can Draw It Myself
1970
Random House

A coloring book featuring rhyming instructions to help children complete various pictures, culminating in a challenge to the child to draw his or her own "Big Something". The full title of the book is I Can Draw It Myself by Me, Myself.

Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?: Dr. Seuss's Book of Wonderful Noises!
1970
Random House

The book shows the sounds "Mr. Brown" can make, such as a cow's "moo", a frying pan's "sizzle", and a hippo's "grum". It was written so children would be able to learn about onomatopoeia and the sounds that they hear every day.

Lorax !The Lorax
1971
Random House

The Lorax chronicles the plight of the environment and the Lorax (a mossy, bossy man-like creature resembling an emperor tamarin), who speaks for the trees against the greedy Once-ler. Also a feature length CGI film.

Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!
1972
Random House

Marvin K. Mooney is asked to leave in many ways.

Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are?
1973
Random House

Discusses an amusing litany of terrible predicaments which could befall a person, with the repeated admonishment that "you're really quite lucky".

Shape of Me and Other Stuff !The Shape of Me and Other Stuff
1973
Random House

Explores the adventures of two kids and their journey to learn about all the shapes and sizes that make up our world.

There's a Wocket in My Pocket!
1974
Random House

A little boy talks about what strange creatures live in his house, such as the Yeps on the steps, the Nooth Grush on his toothbrush, the Yottle in the bottle and the Jertain in the curtain. The last Bright and Early Books entry illustrated by Dr. Seuss.

Great Day for Up!
1974
Random House

Every new day starts a new adventure. Illustrated by Quentin Blake.

Oh, the Thinks You Can Think!
1975
Random House

About the many amazing 'thinks' one can think and the endless possibilities and dreams that imagination can create.

Cat's Quizzer !The Cat's Quizzer
1976
Random House

The Cat in the Hat asks many, sometimes ridiculous, questions of the reader. This is the only Beginner Books reissue (B-75) written and illustrated by Dr. Seuss.

I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
1978
Random House

The Cat in the Hat shows a Young Cat the fun he can get out of reading. Also shows that reading is a useful tool to acquire knowledge.

Oh Say Can You Say?
1979
Random House

A collection of 25 tongue-twisters such as "Oh my brothers! Oh my sisters! These are Terrible Tongue Twisters!" The last Beginner Books entry illustrated by Dr. Seuss.

Hunches in Bunches
1982
Random House

A boy is approached by numerous strange creatures with enormous gloved hats on their heads. Each "hunch" points out a different possible course of action with some even contradicting themselves.

Butter Battle Book !The Butter Battle Book
1984
Random House

The conflict between the Yooks and the Zooks over which side of bread to spread butter on leads to an arms race, each competing to make bigger and nastier weapons to outdo the other, which results in the threat of mutual assured destruction.

You're Only Old Once!
1986
Random House

An old man journeys through a clinic and sees its inefficiency.

I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!
1987
Random House

A lazy boy chooses to stay in bed despite media coverage and the arrival of the U.S. Marines. Illustrated by James Stevenson, the last Beginner Books entry written by Dr. Seuss.

Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough !The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough
1987
Random House

A collection of Dr. Seuss' early writings and cartoons, edited by Richard Marschall.

Oh, the Places You'll Go!
1990
Random House

The last book published before Dr. Seuss' death[nb 1], about life and its challenges.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Although Oh, the Places You'll Go! was Dr. Seuss's final book, a book with similar illustrations called What Pet Should I Get was created by a different author rather than Seuss.

tag: ol

text: Posthumous[edit]

text: Geisel also wrote several books that were posthumously published under his most recognizable pen name, Dr. Seuss.

text:
Title
Year
Publisher

Daisy-Head Mayzie
1995
Random House

The book is about a schoolgirl named Mayzie who one day suddenly sprouts a bright yellow daisy from her head. This makes her famous and she starts to miss her normal life. The book was originally not illustrated by Geisel but rather by an uncredited Joe Mathieu. The book is to be re-published with Geisel's illustrations in 2016.

My Many Colored Days
1996
Alfred A. Knopf

A rhyming story, written in 1973, which describes each day in a particular color which is in turn associated with a specific emotion. Book paintings by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher, the final Dr. Seuss book not illustrated by Geisel.

Oh, Baby, the Places You'll Go!
1997 [3]
Life Favors/Random House

A story meant to be read to babies in utero, bringing a large number of Dr. Seuss characters to print, showing the baby all the creatures and adventures they will get to meet and experience once they are born. It is considered a "baby-fied version" of "Oh! The Places You'll Go!" [4]
Original release was a mini version. It is scheduled to be re-released in a regular sized hardcover format on July 28, 2015 to coincide with the release of "What Pet Should I Get?, the newest Seuss book scheduled for release.[3][4] Adapted by Tish Rabe from the works of Dr. Seuss.

Hooray for Diffendoofer Day!
1998
Random House

The story surrounds a school that is well liked by its students notably because of its many eccentric teachers. Expanded and completed by Jack Prelutsky and illustrated by Lane Smith.

The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories
2011
Random House

This book collects seven stories published in Redbook from 1948 to 1959: "The Bippolo Seed"; "The Rabbit, The Bear, and the Zinniga-Zanniga"; "Gustav, the Goldfish"; "Tadd and Todd"; "Steak for Supper"; "The Strange Shirt Spot"; and "The Great Henry McBride." Book introduction by Charles D. Cohen.

Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories
2014
Random House

Four more stories originally published in Redbook from 1950 to 1955: "Horton and the Kwuggerbug" (January, 1951); "Marco Comes Late" (September, 1950); "How Officer Pat Saved the Whole Town" (October, 1950); and "The Hoobub and the Grinch" (May, 1955). Book introduction by Charles D. Cohen.

What Pet Should I Get?
2015[5]
Random House

A story written sometime between 1958 and 1962, featuring the same brother and sister from One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish. Book manuscript and illustrations were rediscovered by Audrey Geisel in 2013.

text: Theo. LeSieg and Rosetta Stone[edit]

text: Geisel also authored several books under the pen name Theo. LeSieg (Geisel spelled backward) and one book under the name Rosetta Stone. These books were written but not illustrated by Geisel.

text:
Title
Year
Illustrator

Ten Apples Up On Top!
1961
Roy McKie

Three animals, a lion, a dog, and a tiger, who consistently pile apples on their heads for fun.

I Wish That I Had Duck Feet
1965
B Tobey

A boy wishes that he could have many different animal and mechanical body parts, finding fantastic uses for each.

Come over to My House
1966
2016
Richard Erdoes
Katie Kath

The illustrations of this book portray the various styles of homes that kids from around the world live in.

The Eye Book
1968
1999
Roy McKie
Joe Mathieu

I Can Write! A Book by Me, Myself
1971
Roy McKie

In a People House
1972
Roy McKie

A mouse shows a bird all the amazing things one can find in the everyday home.

Wacky Wednesday
1974
George Booth

Shows the adventures of a kid and how he learns to cope with an abnormal day.

The Many Mice of Mr. Brice
a.k.a. The Pop-Up Mice of Mr. Brice
1974
Roy McKie

Would You Rather Be a Bullfrog?
1975
Roy McKie

Hooper Humperdink...? Not Him!
1976
2006
Charles E. Martin
Scott Nash

A certain kid (the narrator) invites all his friends- whose names begin with all 26 letters of the alphabet- to a party at his house, except for Hooper Humperdink, but changes his mind as soon as the others are already having fun.

Please Try to Remember the First of Octember!
1977
Art Cummings

Maybe You Should Fly a Jet! Maybe You Should Be a Vet!
1980
Michael J. Smollin

Exposes the reader to many different types of careers.

The Tooth Book
1981
2000
Roy McKie
Joe Mathieu

Shows people and animals that have teeth, and ones that do not. Explains that you only get two sets of teeth, and briefly how to care for them.

Because a Little Bug Went Ka-Choo!!
1975
Michael K. Frith

A bug sneezes, which sets off a series of larger and larger consequences, in the end nearly sending a whole town into chaos. Geisel wrote this book under the pen name Rosetta Stone.

text: Theatrical[edit]

text: While Geisel was most famous for his literary works, he helped write several propaganda films, cartoon shorts, and feature-length film. Many of his literary works have also been adapted for the television and as feature-length films.

text:
#
Title
Release date

1
Horton Hatches the Egg
000000001942-04-11-0000April 11, 1942

2
The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
000000001943-04-30-0000April 30, 1943

3
And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
000000001944-07-28-0000July 28, 1944

4
Your Job in Germany
000000001945-01-01-00001945

5
Our Job in Japan
000000001945-01-01-00001945

6
Private Snafu
000000001943-01-01-00001943

7
Design for Death[6]
000000001947-01-01-00001947

8
Gerald McBoing-Boing
000000001950-11-02-0000November 2, 1950

9
The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T (final theatrical film with Dr. Seuss's on-screen credit)
000000001953-07-01-0000July 1, 1953

10
Gerald McBoing-Boing's Symphony
000000001953-07-05-0000July 5, 1953

11
How Now Boing Boing
000000001954-09-09-0000September 9, 1954

12
Gerald McBoing! Boing! on Planet Moo (final theatrical film released in Dr. Seuss's lifetime)
000000001956-02-09-0000February 9, 1956

text: Feature film adaptations[edit]

text:
#
Title
Release date
Production company
Distribuitor(s)
Rotten Tomatoes
Budget
Gross

1
How the Grinch Stole Christmas
000000002000-11-17-0000November 17, 2000
Imagine Entertainment
Universal Pictures
53%[7]
$123 million[8]
$345.1 million[8]

2
The Cat in the Hat
000000002003-11-21-0000November 21, 2003
Universal Pictures
(United States)
DreamWorks Pictures
(International)
10%[9]
$109 million[10]
$133.9 million[10]

3
Horton Hears a Who!
000000002008-03-14-0000March 14, 2008
Blue Sky Studios
20th Century Fox
79%[11]
$85 million[12]
$297.1 million[12]

4
The Lorax
000000002012-03-02-0000March 2, 2012
Illumination Entertainment
Universal Pictures
54%[13]
$70 million[14]
$348.8 million[14]

5
The Grinch
000000002018-11-09-0000November 9, 2018
-[15]
-[16]
-[16]

text: Musicals[edit]

text:
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical (1994)
Seussical (2000)

text: Television[edit]

text: Specials[edit]

text:
#
Title
Release date
Director
Studio
Network

1
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
000000001966-12-18-0000December 18, 1966
Chuck Jones
MGM Animation/Visual Arts
CBS

2
Horton Hears a Who!
000000001970-03-19-0000March 19, 1970
Chuck Jones
MGM Animation/Visual Arts
CBS

3
The Cat in the Hat
000000001971-03-10-0000March 10, 1971
Hawley Pratt
DePatie-Freleng
CBS

4
The Lorax
000000001972-02-14-0000February 14, 1972
Hawley Pratt
DePatie-Freleng
CBS

5
Dr. Seuss on the Loose
000000001973-10-15-0000October 15, 1973
Hawley Pratt
DePatie-Freleng
CBS

6
The Hoober-Bloob Highway
000000001975-02-19-0000February 19, 1975
Alan Zaslove
DePatie-Freleng
CBS

7
Halloween Is Grinch Night
000000001977-10-29-0000October 29, 1977
Gerard Baldwin
DePatie-Freleng
ABC

8
Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You?
000000001980-05-02-0000May 2, 1980
Gerard Baldwin
DePatie-Freleng
ABC

9
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat
000000001982-05-20-0000May 20, 1982
Bill Perez
Marvel Productions
ABC

10
The Butter Battle Book (final TV special released in Dr. Seuss's lifetime)
000000001989-11-13-0000November 13, 1989
Ralph Bakshi
Bakshi Animation
TNT

11
Daisy-Head Mayzie
000000001995-01-31-0000January 31, 1995
Tony Collingwood
Hanna-Barbera
TNT

text: Series[edit]

text:
#
Title
Premiere date
End date
Network

1
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show (only TV series aired in Dr. Seuss' lifetime)
000000001956-01-01-00001956
000000001957-01-01-00001957
CBS

2
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss
000000001996-10-13-0000October 13, 1996
000000001998-12-28-0000December 28, 1998
Nickelodeon

3
Gerald McBoing-Boing
000000002005-08-22-0000August 22, 2005
000000002007-11-28-0000November 28, 2007
Teletoon
Cartoon Network

4
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!
000000002010-09-06-0000September 6, 2010
000000002016-12-25-0000December 25, 2016
PBS Kids

5
Green Eggs and Ham[17]
000000002018-01-01-00002018
N/A
Netflix

text: Direct-to-video[edit]

text: This Dr. Seuss collection was a series released by Random House. They are a video version of a "book on tape". None of these productions are animated. This section does not contain duplicate entries. While Horton Hatches The Egg, How The Grinch Stole Christmas, Horton Hears A Who, Green Eggs and Ham, and Because A Little Bug Went Ka-Choo!, were adapted into full animation, they were also adapted into a non-animated production for this Dr. Seuss Collection.

text: Dr. Seuss Beginner Book Video[edit]

text:
Dr. Seuss's ABC plus I Can Read with My Eyes Shut! and Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?
Hop on Pop plus Oh Say Can You Say? and Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! (mistakable VHS/DVD covers as Hop on Pop plus Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! and Oh Say Can You Say?)
One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish plus Oh, the Thinks You Can Think! and The Foot Book
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back plus Fox in Socks and There's a Wocket in My Pocket (mistakable VHS/DVD covers as The Cat in the Hat Comes Back plus There's a Wocket in My Pocket! and Fox in Socks)
I Am Not Going to Get Up Today! plus The Shape of Me and Other Stuff, Great Day for Up! and In a People House (final VHS released in Dr. Seuss's lifetime)
Green Eggs and Ham plus The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat plus Maybe You Should Fly a Jet! Maybe You Should Be a Vet!
Green Eggs and Ham plus The Tooth Book and Ten Apples Up on Top! (mistakable VHS/DVD covers, as Green Eggs and Ham plus Ten Apples Up on Top! and The Tooth Book)

text: Dr. Seuss Video Classics[edit]

text:
Circus Classics/Horton Hatches the Egg (Narrated by Billy Crystal) plus If I Ran the Circus
Treasury Classics/Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories (Narrated by John Lithgow)
Holiday Classics/How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (Narrated by Walter Matthau) plus If I Ran the Zoo
Big Animal Classics/Horton Hears a Who! (Narrated by Dustin Hoffman) plus Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose
Lucky Classics/Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are? (Narrated by John Cleese) plus Scrambled Eggs Super!
Bedtime Classics/Hunches in Bunches plus Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book (Narrated by Madeline Kahn) (mistakable VHS/DVD covers, VHS tapes, DVD discs and credits as Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book (Narrated by Madeline Kahn) plus Hunches in Bunches)

text: Other[edit]

text:
Notes Alive! Dr. Seuss's My Many Colored Days (1998)
Read with Me DVD! Green Eggs and Ham (2005)

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Dr. Seuss' ABC (1995)
Green Eggs and Ham (1996)
The Cat in the Hat (1997)
Dr. Seuss Toddler (1999)
Dr. Seuss Preschool (1999)
Dr. Seuss Kindergarten (1999)
Dr. Seuss Reading (1999)
The Grinch (2000)
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Green Eggs and Ham (2005)
The Grinch (2006) - Nintendo DS


document_title: General Lee (car)

question_text: who drove the general lee in the movie

question_tokens: who drove the general lee in the movie

text: General Lee (car)

text: History[edit]

text: Although the estimated number of General Lees used varies from different sources, according to former cast member Ben Jones ("Cooter" in the show), as well as builders involved with the show, 325 General Lees were used to film the series. Others claim about 255 were used in the series. Approximately 17 still exist in various states of repair. On average, more than one General Lee was used up per show. When filming a jump, anywhere from 500 to 1,000 pounds (230 to 450 kg) of sand bags or concrete ballast was placed in the trunk to prevent the car from nosing over. Later in the series the mechanics would raise the front end of the car to keep it from scraping against the ramp causing it to lose speed, thereby providing a cushion for the driver upon landing. Stunt drivers report enjoying the flights but hating the landings. Despite the ballast, the landing attitude of the car was somewhat unpredictable, resulting in moderate to extremely violent forces, depending on how it landed. On many of the jumps the cars bent upon impact. All cars used in large jumps were immediately retired due to structural damage.

text: Chargers from model-years 1968 & 1969 (no 1970 Chargers were used until the 2005 movie) were sourced and converted to General Lee specifications (taillights, grills, etc.). Despite popular belief, according to all builders involved over the years, obtaining cars was not a problem until later years. By that time, the car was the star of the show and Warner Bros. (WB) moved building of the cars in-house to keep the cars consistent in appearance. Later in the show's run, when it got too hard and/or expensive to continue procuring more Chargers, the producers started using more "jump footage" from previous episodes. In the final season radio-controlled miniatures were occasionally used to the chagrin of several cast members.

text: Episodes 1 through 5 were filmed in the Georgia towns of Covington and Conyers in November and December 1978. Georgia episode cars consisted of six Dodge Chargers. The first General Lees were built by Warner Bros. and shipped to Georgia where John Marendi (picture car coordinator) labeled the first three cars "LEE 1", "LEE 2", and "LEE 3" in no particular order for film editing purposes.

text: LEE 1 was a second unit car with a full roll cage. It is a 383 V8-powered 1969 Charger equipped with air-conditioning, an AM/FM stereo, power steering, and power drum brakes. It was originally painted in code T3 "Light Bronze Metallic" with a tan interior, a black vinyl top and chrome rocker trim. The rocker trim was left on due to previously poor body work on the left quarter panel, the gas cap trim, and wheel well trim were missing so the trim was removed on LEE 2 and 3 to match. It should also be noted that the chrome vinyl top trim was supposed to be removed but since the left quarter panel had been replaced and was very poorly installed the trim had to be left on to hide the body work and as a result most General Lees throughout the series had vinyl top trim. After the now-famous jump over Rosco P. Coltrane's police cruiser by stuntman Craig Baxley, it was stripped of its front seats and 1969-specific grill and taillight panel. LEE 1 was used once more as the "Richard Petty" tire test car in the fourth episode "Repo Men".

text: LEE 2, like LEE 1, was a second unit car with a full roll cage, a 383 V-8, a floor shifted automatic transmission and A/C. Originally painted B5 Blue with a black interior, the interior was repainted tan to match LEE 1 and 3 though its steering wheel remained black. It was used for the opening scene in "One Armed Bandits". In this scene, Bo and Luke were chasing Rosco's police cruiser with the General after Cooter stole it.

text: LEE 3 was the first unit 1 close-up car and the first General Lee built by Warner Brothers; it is seen in the first publicity photos. It was originally a F5 Medium Green Metallic R/T SE (Special Edition) model with a tan vinyl top. It was powered by a 440 Magnum engine with 375 HP, the car weighed 3,671-pound (1,665 kg). LEE 3 was equipped with A/C, power windows, a wood grain dash, and an AM radio. It also had a factory tachometer (which can be seen on "Repo Men"). This car had a tan leather interior and a removable roll bar that allowed installation of a camera for in-car shots. This car was painted 1975 Corvette Flame Red with a special base coat; the base coat was used after they found LEE 1's paint appeared to be blotchy due to the direct application over factory paint, they had first been painted Chrysler code EV2 or "Hemi Orange". Eventually, the first three General Lees started to show visible damage, so the crew had to start making more. The first General Lee built in Georgia was a 1968 Charger converted to look like a 1969; the tail light panel, front grill, and front seats taken from LEE 1 were used. Interiors not originally tan were sprayed with SEM brand "Saddle tan" vinyl dye. The first three Georgia Lees had a set of crossed flags (a Confederate flag and checkered flag) on the panel between the rear window and trunk lid. Although four sets were created, only three were used. They were discontinued due to the continuity of the General Lee graphics, making it one less thing to be used. The three surviving cars went back to California and had the crossed flags removed upon reconditioning. The wheels were generally 14-by-7-inch (36 cm × 18 cm) American Racing brand "Vectors" throughout the show (with Carroll Shelby center caps) and were mainly mounted on P235/70R14 B. F. Goodrich Radial T/A tires with the blackwall side facing out.

text: LEE 1 was sold to professional golfer Bubba Watson at the 2012 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale auction for US$110,000 (US$121,000 after buyer premium).[2][3][4][5]

text: The Veluzat era[edit]

text: Andre and Renaud Veluzat built General Lees for WB from the second season into the fourth season. Viewers can also see two "Georgia" cars used often up into the early second season. LEE 3 and a specially caged car never appearing (but built) in Georgia were used heavily in early California episodes. The Veluzats were somewhat inconsistent in how they built the cars, so this is when the most variations from specification are found. The paint was GM code 70, Flame Red (still orange, just the name of the color), but there does appear to be some variance here: interiors were mostly dyed brown and occasionally SEM Saddle Tan. According to some sources, the Veluzats charged WB $250 a week per car for rental and a lump sum of $2000 to $3000 upon destruction of the vehicles; this included police cars. WB mechanics had to maintain the cars at company expense.

text: The money generated by building General Lees financed the Veluzat family project of restoring Gene Autry's Melody Ranch; it had burned in the 1960s. This ranch is where many classic Western films were shot, as well as the television series Gunsmoke. Today, it is a fully functional movie ranch where shows such as HBO's Deadwood are filmed.

text: The Warner Brothers era[edit]

text: By 1983, Warner Brothers turned total control of building General Lees to a man named Ken Fritz. Fritz didn't have the job long before he too was fired and at this point Warner Brothers moved full production in-house. The General Lee was now the highlight of the series, and WB received enormous amounts of Lee-specific fan mail that nit-picked the inconsistencies of the cars. Because of the fame of General Lee, WB had their staff mechanics build the cars to a specific appearance, even underneath. All graphics had to meet specifications, all side markers and rocker panel chrome trim were removed; and roll bars and push bars had to meet an exact specification. However, some changes were made before the specifications were laid out: The push bar became wider, the interior became a light beige color, and the roll bars were covered in black foam padding. During this period, the only way to distinguish the 1968 conversions from the 1969 originals is by the shape of the dashboard padding.

text: As the WB era rolled on, finding the cars became difficult: Piper Cubs were hired to perform aerial searches for 1968, 1969, and 1970 Chargers amongst the populace; the jumped cars were now no longer scrapped after one jump if deemed salvageable, and were repaired and used until they could no longer function; and, as last resort, miniature radio-controlled models were also brought in toward the end of the series to replace most of the big jump stunts, thereby saving more cars—something that proved unpopular with many episode directors (including Tom Wopat) who felt that the models did not look realistic. By this time, there was also a rivalry for "TV's greatest car" with the Knight Rider series, leading to the models being used more and more for greater jumps to try to out-do that series. Taking full control also saved some money, as now WB had the ability to buy cars, recondition them, and use them without paying daily rental fees.

text: The General Lee from The Dukes of Hazzard feature film[edit]

text: At the beginning of the movie, the General was a faded orange with a hand-painted "01" on the doors, black steel wheels, standard front bumper, and no Confederate Naval Flag. Midway through the film, Cooter repairs the General after it is vandalized by Boss Hogg's hirelings. He repaints it a bright Hemi orange and adds the well-known trademarks (American Racing "Vector" 10-spoke "turbine" wheels, octagonal "01", black grille guard, Confederate flag on the roof, "Dixie" horn, and "General Lee" above the door window openings).

text: The movie General not only flies and makes controlled landings, but also drifts with the aid of professional drifter Rhys Millen. During jump scenes, some stunt cars were propelled under their own power by stunt drivers; others had their engines and transmissions removed. The engineless Chargers were then launched without drivers by a gas-driven catapult similar in principle to those used on aircraft carriers. Approximately 24 1968 to 1970 Chargers were used in the film.

text: Unlike the television show era Lees, the movie cars used aftermarket graphic kits. The movie gave them new credibility and is no longer considered to be an inaccurate choice. Otherwise, except for the white letters on the Goodrich "Radial T/A" tires, the exterior of the movie's "close-up" General Lees varied little from the television show cars. The paint was "Big Bad Orange" (an American Motors Corporation color) rather than Corvette "Flame Red"; the interior headliner was black instead of tan, an actual roll cage was used; a three-spoke Grant wood-trimmed steering wheel replaced the standard wheel, an AM/FM stereo radio with Compact Disc player was installed in the dashboard; and the interiors were a custom color vinyl fabric made to look like the dye/paint used in the later eras of the TV show. One still can differentiate the 1968 Chargers by looking at the dash pad, but now 1970 Chargers were thrown in the mix. The cars somewhat resembled a late 1990s to early 2000s (decade) General Lee clone, but the overall flavor of the General Lee is still obvious. On all of the cars, the back-up lights and side marker lenses were removed, the openings filled in.

text: Eleven of the cars used for the movie had been purchased from the Luedtke Auto Group. Many of the cars had been cut up to allow for inside camera views.

text: General Lee number 020 was the drift car used in the drifting scene around Lee Circle and was also the car racing the black Shelby at the end of the movie. It was the only 4-speed equipped cars and was the backup to car #005. The car contains a unique emergency brake handle near the shifter that allowed the stunt driver quick access to locking the rear brakes at will. Though it did sustain some damage during filming, it is fully road worthy and is privately owned by Troy Martinson in Minnesota.[citation needed]

text: Two of the General Lees (a 1969 R/T SE and a 1970 made to appear as a 1969) were temporarily sold to Warner Brothers by Everett "J.R." Barton of Wichita, Kansas, for $1.00 each then sold back to him for $1.25. They were picked up from him in Wichita and were transported to Baton Rouge, both in driving condition. The 1970 (made to 1969) car then had the engine removed, got the General Lee treatment then weight added to balance the car for the main Freeway jump. One other car was used before this car. The first one landed hard on its nose, broke, and careened right into the guardrail. Given its problematic landing it was not used for that scene. Mr. Barton's car, number 127, was then used for that scene. It was launched from a catapult system, much like that used on aircraft carriers. It flew the farthest of all the jumps in the film and truly did survive. This is the car that made that jump in the film. After the filming the cars were returned to Everett. Everett then put a motor back in the car and even in its jumped condition had driven it in a couple of parades. After keeping the car for 8 years, he sold it to an individual that plans to have it restored to show quality. It will be restored from the men on the TV show Graveyard Cars.[citation needed]

text: Smallville homage[edit]

text: Early in the fifth-season episode "Exposed" of the television series Smallville, former Dukes of Hazzard co-star Tom Wopat (Luke Duke), playing Kansas Senator Jack Jennings, old friend of Jonathan Kent, played by John Schneider (Bo Duke), fishtails his car into the Kent farmyard. The car is a 1968 Dodge Charger R/T, painted blue instead of orange, and lacking the General Lee's distinctive insignia.

text: General Lee TV commercials[edit]

text: In 2014 the General Lee was featured in a commercial spot for AutoTrader.[6] The commercial featured the General Lee with Dukes of Hazzard stars John Schneider and Tom Wopat. The Duke's theme song "Good Ole Boys" can be heard playing during the commercial. The video was released on June 6, 2014.

text: 2015 Confederate flag controversy[edit]

text: In the aftermath of the 2015 Charleston, South Carolina shooting deaths, there was a backlash against the Confederate battle flag, due to the flag's historical associations with treason, racism, slavery, and white supremacy.[7][8] In response, Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. announced they would halt production of General Lee toy cars.[9] Ben Jones criticized the move, stating, "I think all of Hazzard Nation understands that the Confederate battle flag is the symbol that represents the indomitable spirit of independence which keeps us 'makin' our way the only way we know how.'"[10] John Schneider responded by stating, "I take exception to those who say that the flag on the General Lee should always be considered a symbol of racism. Is the flag used as such in other applications? Yes, but certainly not on the Dukes."[11]

text: On July 2, 2015, golfer Bubba Watson, current owner of LEE 1, announced via Twitter that he would be painting over the Confederate flag on the car's roof.[12][13] Watson's announcement prompted Brian Grams, director of the Volo Auto Museum, to offer to purchase Watson's General Lee, citing how Watson's car was significant because it was used in the show's first season and would be worthy of inclusion in the museum's collection. His offer was turned down.[14]

text: Engines[edit]

text: Engines in the TV show General Lees varied; they used 318, 383, and 440-cubic-inch engines. None of the TV series cars had the 426 Hemi, although in the 2005 The Dukes of Hazzard motion picture, Cooter replaced the "General's" original engine with a Chrysler 426 Hemi engine. However, the "close-up" Lees (except for the first one) were 383-powered. The special purpose built "Ski Car" (the car that was used for stunts involving driving on the left side or right side wheels with the opposite side wheels in the air) had a 318, as it was lighter weight. Most of the 'workhorse' stunt cars had 383s and 440s. The stunt drivers tended to prefer 440s (a higher performance engine) for jumps, so 440-powered stunt Lees were often saved for the higher bobby and longer jumps. Also, though early sound effects led many people to believe otherwise, only a handful of Chargers had manual transmissions; most had 727 TorqueFlite automatic transmissions.

text: Exit and entry[edit]

text: The General Lee, except in the beginning of the movie, does not have opening doors. In the TV series, it is explained that racing cars have their doors welded shut, and this was often used for comedic effect when Uncle Jesse or Boss Hogg required help to squeeze through the window (WB stopped welding the doors for time crams). (In one episode, Sheriff Rosco hires a bounty hunter (Jason Steele in the show) to create a fake General Lee and trick the Dukes into driving it, at which point he promptly orders their arrest for auto theft. The fake car was easily identified because its doors opened.) This was not at first planned but while filming the first chase (where Bo and Luke are chasing Cooter in Rosco's car) the passenger's door handle was damaged (when it hit the mail boxes) and couldn't be opened from the outside, so Tom Wopat (Luke) climbed though the window and the director loved the move so much he had John Schneider (Bo) climb in too, this is why only LEE 1 and 2 had full roll cages and all other General Lees only had a roll bar (this made it easier for the actors to get in and out).[citation needed] In the movie, the car has been repaired after being trashed, but the doors could not be fixed fast enough. The driver and passenger must slide in the window (as in NASCAR). For a running entry, Bo and Luke also slide over the hood rather than walk around the front of the car. However, in the prequel The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning, the left door was welded shut while the right one was not.

text: Exhaust systems[edit]

text: Exhaust systems were basic: some had glasspack mufflers, but most had standard exhausts with the pipe cut just before the rear end. The exhaust sound that can be heard on most of the California-era episode General Lees is from a Thrush brand glasspack. The sounds came from the exhaust systems fitted to the "close-up" cars; the parts used were Blackjack brand headers, dual exhausts, and the aforementioned Thrush mufflers. However, the sounds were dubbed in after the scene was filmed.

text: Tires[edit]

text: [15]Tires used on the General Lee varied, but the best known make and model was the B.F. Goodrich Radial T/A. The most common size was P235/70R14; P235/70R15 was also used. Winston Winners were also used.