document_title: Sign of the cross

question_text: what does making a cross on your chest mean

text: Sign of the cross

text: Origins[edit]

text: The Cross is a symbol representing Christ’s victory over sin and death.[3] The sign of the cross was originally made in some parts of the Christian world with the right-hand thumb across the forehead only.[4] In other parts of the early Christian world it was done with the whole hand or with two fingers.[5] Around the year 200 in Carthage (modern Tunisia, Africa), Tertullian wrote: "We Christians wear out our foreheads with the sign of the cross".[6] Vestiges of this early variant of the practice remain: in the Roman Rite of the Mass in the Catholic Church, the faithful make this gesture on the forehead, on the lips, and on the heart at the proclamation of the Gospel;[4] on Ash Wednesday a cross is traced in ashes on the forehead; holy oil (called chrism) is applied on the forehead for the sacrament of Confirmation (called the Holy Mystery of Chrismation in the Eastern Orthodox Church, as Orthodox call the Sacraments by the name "Holy Mystery"). By the 4th century, the sign of the cross involved other parts of the body beyond the forehead.[4]

text: Gesture[edit]

text: The open right hand is used in Western Christianity. The five open fingers are often said to represent the Five Wounds of Christ.[7] This symbolism was adopted after the more ancient gesture of two or three fingers was simplified. Though this is the most common method of crossing by Western Christians, other forms are sometimes used. The West also employs the "Small Sign of the Cross" (+). The primary use for this is immediately before the reading of The Gospel during the Mass. Using the right thumb, a small cross is traced over the forehead, lips, and heart of the individual while whispering or silently praying the words "May Christ's words be on my mind, on my lips, and in my heart." The Small Sign is also used during the majority of the Sacraments.

text: In the Roman or Latin Rite Church it is customary to make the full Sign of the Cross using holy water when entering a church. The first three fingers of the right hand are dipped into the font containing the holy water and the Sign of the Cross is made on oneself. This gesture has a two-fold purpose: to remind one of their baptism and the rights and responsibilities that go with it and to also remind one that they are entering a sacred place that is set apart from the world outside.[citation needed]

text: In the Eastern Orthodox (including the Russian Orthodox) and Eastern Catholic Churches, the tips of the first three fingers (the thumb, index, and middle ones) are brought together, and the last two (the "ring" and little fingers) are pressed against the palm. The first three fingers express one's faith in the Trinity, while the remaining two fingers represent the two natures of Jesus, divine and human.[3]

text: In Russia, until the reforms of Patriarch Nikon in the 17th century, it was customary to make the sign of the cross with two fingers (symbolising the dual nature of Christ). The enforcement of the three-finger sign was one of the reasons for the schism with the Old Believers whose congregations continue to use the two-finger sign of the cross.

text: The Oriental Orthodox (Armenians, Copts, Ethiopians etc.) generally use the "Western" direction as well, though often with the Byzantine finger formation.

text: Motion[edit]

text: The sign of the cross is made by touching the hand sequentially to the forehead, lower chest or stomach, and both shoulders, accompanied by the Trinitarian formula: at the forehead In the name of the Father (or In nomine Patris in Latin); at the stomach or heart and of the Son (et Filii); across the shoulders and of the Holy Spirit/Ghost (et Spiritus Sancti); and finally: Amen.[8]

text: There are several interpretations, according to Church Fathers:[9] the forehead symbolizes Heaven; the solar plexus (or top of stomach), the earth; the shoulders, the place and sign of power. It also recalls both the Trinity and the Incarnation. Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) explained: "The sign of the cross is made with three fingers, because the signing is done together with the invocation of the Trinity. ... This is how it is done: from above to below, and from the right to the left, because Christ descended from the heavens to the earth..."[7][10]

text: There are some variations: for example a person may first place the right hand in holy water. After moving the hand from one shoulder to the other, it may be returned to the top of the stomach. It may also be accompanied by the recitation of a prayer (e.g., the Jesus Prayer, or simply "Lord have mercy"). In some catholic countries, like Spain, Italy, Brazil and other Latin countries, it is customary to kiss one's thumb at the conclusion of the gesture,[11] while in the Philippines, this extra step evolved into the thumb quickly touching the chin or lower lip.

text: Ending the sign of the cross, usually and in the tradition, people make the right open hand upon the other (the left open hand), with all the five fingers, like in a prayer, till the height of the face.

text: Also there is a full genuflection, with the right knee totally given down to the level of the earth, and directly in front of the Blessed Sacrament, which for the Catholic Church is the physical presence of Jesus Christ God and the Holy Spirit.

text: Some people use the humorous mnemonic device "spectacles, testicles, wallet and watch" to remember the sequence of motions, although this is frowned upon by some.

text: Sequence[edit]

text: Theodoret (393–457) gave the following instruction:

text: This is how to bless someone with your hand and make the sign of the cross over them. Hold three fingers, as equals, together, to represent the Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost. These are not three gods, but one God in Trinity. The names are separate, but the divinity one. The Father was never incarnate; the Son incarnate, but not created; the Holy Ghost neither incarnate nor created, but issued from the Godhead: three in a single divinity. Divinity is one force and has one honor. They receive on obeisance from all creation, both angels and people. Thus the decree for these three fingers. You should hold the other two fingers slightly bent, not completely straight. This is because these represent the dual nature of Christ, divine and human. God in His divinity, and human in His incarnation, yet perfect in both. The upper finger represents divinity, and the lower humanity; this way salvation goes from the higher finger to the lower. So is the bending of the fingers interpreted, for the worship of Heaven comes down for our salvation. This is how you must cross yourselves and give a blessing, as the holy fathers have commanded.

text: Peter of Damascus (12th century) gave the following instruction:

text: Then we should also marvel how demons and various diseases are dispelled by the sign of the precious and life-giving Cross, which all can make without cost or effort. Who can number the panegyrics composed in its honor? The holy fathers have handed down to us the inner significance of this sign, so that we can refute heretics and unbelievers. The two fingers and single hand with which it is made represent the Lord Jesus Christ crucified, and He is thereby acknowledged to exist in two natures and one hypostasis or person.

text: The use of the right hand betokens His infinite power and the fact that He sits at the right hand of the Father. That the sign begins with a downward movement from above signifies His descent to us from heaven. Again, the movement of the hand from the right side to the left drives away our enemies and declares that by His invincible power the Lord overcame the devil, who is on the left side, dark and lacking strength.

text: Athanasius of Alexandria (269–373 A.D.)

text: By the signing of the holy and life-giving cross, devils and various scourges are driven away. For it is without price and without cost and praises him who can say it. The holy fathers have, by their words, transmitted to us, and even to the unbelieving heretics, how the two raised fingers and the single hand reveal Christ our God in His dual nature but single substance. The right hand proclaims His immeasurable strength, His sitting on the right hand of the Father, and His coming down unto us from Heaven. Again, by the movement of the hands to our right the enemies of God will be driven out, as the Lord triumphs over the Devil with His inconquerable power, rendering him dismal and weak.

text: Historian Herbert Thurston interprets this as indicating that at one time both Eastern and Western Christians moved the hand from the right shoulder to the left, although the point is not entirely clear. German theologian, Valentin Thalhofer, thought writings quoted in support of this, such as that of Innocent III, refer to the small cross made upon the forehead or external objects, in which the hand moves naturally from right to left, and not the big cross made from shoulder to shoulder.[4] Andreas Andreopoulos, author of The Sign of the Cross, gives a more detailed description of the development and the symbolism of the placement of the fingers and the direction of the movement.[12]

text: Today, Western Christians and the Oriental Orthodox touch the left shoulder before the right. Eastern Catholics and Orthodox Christians use the right-to-left movement.

text: The proper sequence of tracing the sign of the cross is taught to converts from Christian denominations that are either nontrinitarian or not using the gesture and non-Christian religions.

text: Use[edit]

text: The sign of the cross may be made by individuals upon themselves as a form of prayer and by clergy upon others or objects as an act of blessing. The gesture of blessing is certainly related to the sign of the cross, but the two gestures developed independently after some point. In Eastern Christianity, the two gestures differ significantly. Priests and deacons are allowed to bless using the right hand, while bishops may bless simultaneously with both, the left mirroring the right. While individuals may make it at any time, clergy must make it at specific times (as in liturgies), and it is customary to make it on other occasions.

text: Although the sign of the cross dates to ante-Nicene Christianity, it was rejected by some of the Reformers and is absent from some forms of Protestantism, although some other reformed Christian traditions, such as Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Presbyterianism, and Methodism sometimes use it. However, it has often been rejected by some Non-Conformist Protestants as being a high church practice, despite Martin Luther's positive personal view. The prescribed use of the sign in Book of Common Prayer and the defence of the sign of the cross were established in Anglican canon law in 1604.

text: Some Christians make the sign of the cross in response to perceived blasphemy. Others sign themselves to seek God's blessing before or during an event with uncertain outcome. In Hispanic countries, people often sign themselves in public, such as athletes who cross themselves before entering the field or while concentrating for competition.

text: Catholicism[edit]

text: The sign of the cross is a prayer, a blessing, and a sacramental. As a sacramental, it prepares an individual to receive grace and disposes one to cooperate with it.[13] The Christian begins his day, his prayers, and his activities with the Sign of the Cross: "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen." In this way, a person dedicates the day to God and calls on him for strength in temptations and difficulties.[14] John Vianney said a genuinely made Sign of the Cross "makes all hell tremble."[15]

text: Also, a longer version is commonly said while making the sign of the cross in the forehead, the mouth and the chest: "By the sign of the cross deliver us from our enemies, you who are our God. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen." After the "you who are our God" part is recited, the ritual then proceeds with the normal Catholic sign of the cross as explained above.

text: Liturgical[edit]

text: Roman Catholicism draws a distinction between liturgical and non-liturgical use of the sign of the cross. The sign of the cross is required at certain points of the Mass: the laity sign themselves during the introductory greeting of the service, before the Gospel reading (small signs on forehead, lips, and heart), and at the final blessing; optionally, other times during the Mass when the laity often cross themselves are during a blessing with holy water, when concluding the penitential rite, immediately after receiving Communion, and when concluding private prayer after Communion. In the ordinary form of the Roman Rite the priest signs bread and wine once before the consecration. In the Tridentine Mass the priest signs the bread and wine 25 times during the Canon of the Mass, ten times before and fifteen times after they have been consecrated. The priest also uses the sign of the cross when blessing a deacon before the deacon reads the Gospel, when sending an Extraordinary Minister of Holy Communion to take the Eucharist to the sick (after Communion, but before the end of the Mass), and when blessing the congregation at the conclusion of the Mass.

text: Ordained bishops, priests and deacons have more empowerment to bless objects and other people. While lay people may preside at certain blessings, the more a blessing is concerned with ecclesial or sacramental matters, the more it is reserved to clergy.[16] Extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion do not ordinarily have a commission to bless in the name of the Church, as priests and deacons do. At this point in the liturgy, their specific function is to assist the clergy in the distribution of holy Communion.[17] Extraordinary Ministers of Communion, blessing those who do not wish to or cannot receive communion can speak or raise the hand but not make the sign of the cross over the person.[18]

text: Non-liturgical[edit]

text: A priest or deacon blesses an object or person with a single sign of the cross, but a bishop blesses with a triple sign of the cross. In the Catholic organization the Legion of Mary, members doing door-to-door parish surveys bless the homes of those not home by tracing the sign of the cross on the door.[19]

text: Eastern Orthodoxy[edit]

text: In the Eastern traditions, both celebrant and congregation make the sign of the cross quite frequently. It is customary in some Eastern traditions to cross oneself at each petition in a litany and to closely associate oneself with a particular intention being prayed for or with a saint being named. The sign of the cross is also made upon entering or leaving a church building, at the start and end of personal prayer, when passing the main altar (which represents Christ), whenever all three persons of the Trinity are addressed, and when approaching an icon.

text: When an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic bishop or priest blesses with the sign of the cross, he holds the fingers of his right hand in such a way that they form the Greek abbreviation for Jesus Christ "IC XC". The index finger is extended to make the "I"; the middle finger signify letter "C"; the thumb touches the lowered third finger to signify the "X" and the little finger also signifies the letter "C".[20] When a priest blesses in the sign of the cross, he positions the fingers of his right hand in the manner described as he raises his right hand, then moves his hand downwards, then to his left, then to his right. A bishop blesses with both hands (unless he is holding some sacred object such as a cross, chalice, Gospel Book, icon, etc.), holding the fingers of both hands in the same configuration, but when he moves his right hand to the left, he simultaneously moves his left hand to the right, so that the two hands cross, the left in front of the right, and then the right in front of the left. The blessing of both priests and bishops consists of three movements, in honour of the Holy Trinity.

text: Lutheranism[edit]

text: Among Lutherans the practice was widely retained. For example, Luther's Small Catechism states that it is expected before the morning and evening prayers. Lutheranism never abandoned the practice of making the sign of the cross in principle and it was commonly retained in worship at least until the early 19th century. During the 19th and early 20th centuries it was largely in disuse until the liturgical renewal movement of the 1950s and 1960s. One exception is The Lutheran Hymnal (1941) of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS), which states that "The sign of the cross may be made at the Trinitarian Invocation and at the words of the Nicene Creed 'and the life of the world to come.'"[21] Since then, the sign of the cross has become fairly commonplace among Lutherans at worship. The sign of the cross is now customary in the Divine Service.[22][23] Rubrics in contemporary Lutheran worship manuals, including Evangelical Lutheran Worship of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and Lutheran Service Book used by LCMS and Lutheran Church–Canada, provide for making the sign of the cross at certain points in the liturgy.[24][25] Most places are the same as the Roman Catholic practice, such as at the trinitarian formula, the benediction, at the consecration of the Eucharist, and following reciting the Nicene or Apostles' Creed.

text: Devotional use of the sign of the cross among Lutherans also includes after receiving the Host and Chalice in the Eucharist, following Holy Absolution; similarly, they may dip their hands in the baptismal font and make the sign of the cross upon entering the church.

text: Methodism[edit]

text: The sign of the cross is in the Methodist liturgy, primarily in the Methodist/ Episcopal not necessarily in the UMC. And this is made by some clergy during the Great Thanksgiving, Confession of Sin and Pardon, and benediction.[26][27] John Wesley, the principal leader of the early Methodists, prepared a revision of The Book of Common Prayer for Methodist use called The Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America which does instruct the minister to make the sign of the cross on the forehead of children just after they have been baptized.[28] Making the sign of the cross at baptism is retained in the current Book of Worship, and widely practiced (sometimes with oil).[29] Furthermore, on Ash Wednesday the sign of the cross is almost always applied by the elder to the foreheads of the laity.[30] The liturgy for healing and wholeness, which is becoming more commonly practiced, calls for the pastor to make the sign of the cross with oil upon the foreheads of those seeking healing.[31]

text: Whether or not a Methodist uses the sign for private prayer is a personal choice, but it is encouraged by the bishops of the United Methodist Church.[27] Some United Methodists also perform the sign before and after receiving Holy Communion, and some ministers also perform the sign when blessing the congregation at the end of the sermon or service.[32]

text: Reformed tradition[edit]

text: In some Reformed churches, such as the PCUSA and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Presbyterian Church in America the sign of the cross is used on the foreheads during baptism[33] or during an Ash Wednesday service when ashes are imposed on the forehead. The sign of the cross in some instances is used during Communion and during the Confession of Sin and the Creeds. In instances during a Benediction, when the minister concludes the service using the Trinitarian blessing, a hand is extended and a sign of the cross is made out toward the congregation. This type of benediction is seen in quite a few High Presbyterian groups such as the Church of Scotland and congregations across the US especially on the Mid West and East Coast of the United States.

text: Armenian Apostolic[edit]

text: It is common practice in the Armenian Apostolic Church to make the sign of the cross when entering or passing a church, during the start of service and at many times during Divine Liturgy. The motion is performed by joining the first three fingers, to symbolize Holy Trinity and putting the two other fingers in the palm to symbolize the two natures of Christ, then touching one's forehead, below the chest, left side, then right side and finishing with open hand on the chest again with bowing head.[34][35]

text: Assyrian Church of the East[edit]

text: The Assyrian Church of the East uniquely holds the sign of the cross as a sacrament in its own right. Another sacrament unique to the church is the Holy Leaven.[36]


document_title: List of all-time NASCAR Cup Series winners

question_text: who has the most wins ever in nascar

question_tokens: who has the most wins ever in nascar

root

text: Win table[edit]

text: All figures correct as of the 2017 ISM Connect 300 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway (September 24, 2017).

tag: p

text:
Key

Driver is competing full-time in the 2017 season

Driver is competing part-time in the 2017 season

Driver has been inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame

tag: table

text:
Driver
Strictly Stock
(1949)
Grand National
(1950–1970)
Winston
Cup
(1971–2003)
Playoffs era
(2004–present)
Modern era
total
(1972–present)
[1]
Combined
total
[2]

Petty, RichardRichard Petty
119
81
0
60
200

Pearson, DavidDavid Pearson
58
47
0
45
105

Gordon, JeffJeff Gordon
0
64
29
93
93

Allison, BobbyBobby Allison
19
65
0
55
84

Waltrip, DarrellDarrell Waltrip
0
84
0
84
84

Johnson, JimmieJimmie Johnson
0
6
77
83
83

Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough
14
69
0
69
83

Earnhardt, DaleDale Earnhardt
0
76
0
76
76

Wallace, RustyRusty Wallace
0
54
1
55
55

Petty, LeeLee Petty
54
0
0
0
54

Jarrett, NedNed Jarrett
50
0
0
0
50

Johnson, JuniorJunior Johnson
50
0
0
0
50

Stewart, TonyTony Stewart
0
17
32
49
49

Thomas, HerbHerb Thomas
48
0
0
0
48

Baker, BuckBuck Baker
46
0
0
0
46

Elliott, BillBill Elliott
0
44
0
44
44

Busch, KyleKyle Busch
0
0
41
41
41

Martin, MarkMark Martin
0
33
7
40
40

Flock, TimTim Flock
39
0
0
0
39

Kenseth, MattMatt Kenseth
0
7
31
38
38

Isaac, BobbyBobby Isaac
32
5
0
1
37

Harvick, KevinKevin Harvick
0
4
32
36
36

Roberts, FireballFireball Roberts
33
0
0
0
33

Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett
0
31
1
32
32

Hamlin, DennyDenny Hamlin
0
0
31
31
31

Busch, KurtKurt Busch
0
8
21
29
29

Edwards, CarlCarl Edwards
0
0
28
28
28

White, RexRex White
28
0
0
0
28

Earnhardt Jr., DaleDale Earnhardt Jr.
0
9
17
26
26

Lorenzen, FredFred Lorenzen
26
0
0
0
26

Paschal, JimJim Paschal
25
0
0
0
25

Weatherly, JoeJoe Weatherly
25
0
0
0
25

Keselowski, BradBrad Keselowski
0
0
23
23
23

Rudd, RickyRicky Rudd
0
23
0
23
23

Labonte, TerryTerry Labonte
0
22
0
22
22

Burton, JeffJeff Burton
0
17
4
21
21

Labonte, BobbyBobby Labonte
0
21
0
21
21

Parsons, BennyBenny Parsons
0
21
0
21
21

Smith, JackJack Smith
21
0
0
0
21

Thompson, SpeedySpeedy Thompson
20
0
0
0
20

Allison, DaveyDavey Allison
0
19
0
19
19

Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker
3
16
0
15
19

Biffle, GregGreg Biffle
0
1
18
19
19

Flock, FontyFonty Flock
19
0
0
0
19

Bodine, GeoffreyGeoffrey Bodine
0
18
0
18
18

Bonnett, NeilNeil Bonnett
0
18
0
18
18

Gant, HarryHarry Gant
0
18
0
18
18

Kahne, KaseyKasey Kahne
0
0
18
18
18

Logano, JoeyJoey Logano
0
0
18
18
18

Newman, RyanRyan Newman
0
9
9
18
18

Panch, MarvinMarvin Panch
17
0
0
0
17

Turner, CurtisCurtis Turner
17
0
0
0
17

Irvan, ErnieErnie Irvan
0
15
0
15
15

Hutcherson, DickDick Hutcherson
14
0
0
0
14

Yarbrough, LeeRoyLeeRoy Yarbrough
14
0
0
0
14

Rathmann, DickDick Rathmann
13
0
0
0
13

Richmond, TimTim Richmond
0
13
0
13
13

Truex Jr., MartinMartin Truex Jr.
0
0
12
12
12

Allison, DonnieDonnie Allison
5
5
0
4
10

Marlin, SterlingSterling Marlin
0
10
0
10
10

Goldsmith, PaulPaul Goldsmith
9
0
0
0
9

Owens, CottonCotton Owens
9
0
0
0
9

Welborn, BobBob Welborn
9
0
0
0
9

Bowyer, ClintClint Bowyer
0
0
8
8
8

Petty, KyleKyle Petty
0
8
0
8
8

Dieringer, DarelDarel Dieringer
7
0
0
0
7

Foyt, A. J.A. J. Foyt
3
4
0
2
7

McMurray, JamieJamie McMurray
0
1
6
7
7

Reed, JimJim Reed
7
0
0
0
7

Teague, MarshallMarshall Teague
7
0
0
0
7

Burton, WardWard Burton
0
5
0
5
5

Gurney, DanDan Gurney
5
0
0
0
5

Kulwicki, AlanAlan Kulwicki
0
5
0
5
5

Larson, KyleKyle Larson
0
0
5
5
5

Lund, TinyTiny Lund
5
0
0
0
5

Marcis, DaveDave Marcis
0
5
0
5
5

Mayfield, JeremyJeremy Mayfield
0
3
2
5
5

Moody, RalphRalph Moody
5
0
0
0
5

Dane, LloydLloyd Dane
4
0
0
0
4

Flock, BobBob Flock
4
0
0
0
4

Glotzbach, CharlieCharlie Glotzbach
3
1
0
0
4

Gray, EddieEddie Gray
4
0
0
0
4

Hamilton, BobbyBobby Hamilton
0
4
0
4
4

Hamilton, PetePete Hamilton
3
1
0
0
4

Jones, ParnelliParnelli Jones
4
0
0
0
4

McGriff, HershelHershel McGriff
4
0
0
0
4

Nemechek, JoeJoe Nemechek
0
3
1
4
4

Pagan, EddieEddie Pagan
4
0
0
0
4

Schrader, KenKen Schrader
0
4
0
4
4

Shepherd, MorganMorgan Shepherd
0
4
0
4
4

Stacy, NelsonNelson Stacy
4
0
0
0
4

Wade, BillyBilly Wade
4
0
0
0
4

Waltrip, MichaelMichael Waltrip
0
4
0
4
4

Wood, GlenGlen Wood
4
0
0
0
4

Blair, BillBill Blair
3
0
0
0
3

Gordon, RobbyRobby Gordon
0
3
0
3
3

Linder, DickDick Linder
3
0
0
0
3

Mundy, FrankFrank Mundy
3
0
0
0
3

Sadler, ElliottElliott Sadler
0
1
2
3
3

Staley, GwynGwyn Staley
3
0
0
0
3

Vickers, BrianBrian Vickers
0
0
3
3
3

Ambrose, MarcosMarcos Ambrose
0
0
2
2
2

Andretti, JohnJohn Andretti
0
2
0
2
2

Beauchamp, JohnnyJohnny Beauchamp
2
0
0
0
2

Byron, RedRed Byron
2
0
0
0
2

Cope, DerrikeDerrike Cope
0
2
0
2
2

Craven, RickyRicky Craven
0
2
0
2
2

Elder, RayRay Elder
0
2
0
1
2

Hylton, JamesJames Hylton
1
1
0
1
2

Johns, BobbyBobby Johns
2
0
0
0
2

Johnson, Joe LeeJoe Lee Johnson
2
0
0
0
2

Keller, AlAl Keller
2
0
0
0
2

Langley, ElmoElmo Langley
2
0
0
0
2

Letner, DannyDanny Letner
2
0
0
0
2

Montoya, Juan PabloJuan Pablo Montoya
0
0
2
2
2

Myers, BillyBilly Myers
2
0
0
0
2

Pardue, JimmyJimmy Pardue
2
0
0
0
2

Park, SteveSteve Park
0
2
0
2
2

Pistone, TomTom Pistone
2
0
0
0
2

Porter, MarvinMarvin Porter
2
0
0
0
2

Ragan, DavidDavid Ragan
0
0
2
2
2

Reutimann, DavidDavid Reutimann
0
0
2
2
2

Sosebee, GoberGober Sosebee
2
0
0
0
2

Spencer, JimmyJimmy Spencer
0
2
0
2
2

Stenhouse Jr., RickyRicky Stenhouse Jr.
0
0
2
2
2

Zervakis, EmanuelEmanuel Zervakis
2
0
0
0
2

Allen, JohnnyJohnny Allen
1
0
0
0
1

Allmendinger, A. J.A. J. Allmendinger
0
0
1
1
1

Almirola, AricAric Almirola
0
0
1
1
1

Amick, BillBill Amick
1
0
0
0
1

Andretti, MarioMario Andretti
1
0
0
0
1

Balmer, EarlEarl Balmer
1
0
0
0
1

Bayne, TrevorTrevor Bayne
0
0
1
1
1

Benson, JohnnyJohnny Benson
0
1
0
1
1

Blaney, RyanRyan Blaney
0
0
1
1
1

Bodine, BrettBrett Bodine
0
1
0
1
1

Bouchard, RonRon Bouchard
0
1
0
1
1

Brickhouse, RichardRichard Brickhouse
1
0
0
0
1

Brooks, DickDick Brooks
0
1
0
1
1

Buescher, ChrisChris Buescher
0
0
1
1
1

Burdick, BobBob Burdick
1
0
0
0
1

Burke, MarvinMarvin Burke
1
0
0
0
1

Cole, NeilNeil Cole
1
0
0
0
1

Cook, JimJim Cook
1
0
0
0
1

Dillon, AustinAustin Dillon
0
0
1
1
1

Donohue, MarkMark Donohue
0
1
0
1
1

Eubanks, JoeJoe Eubanks
1
0
0
0
1

Figaro, LouLou Figaro
1
0
0
0
1

Florian, JimmyJimmy Florian
1
0
0
0
1

Frank, LarryLarry Frank
1
0
0
0
1

Graves, DannyDanny Graves
1
0
0
0
1

Haggerty, RoyceRoyce Haggerty
1
0
0
0
1

Hillin Jr., BobbyBobby Hillin Jr.
0
1
0
1
1

Hurtubise, JimJim Hurtubise
1
0
0
0
1

Kieper, JohnJohn Kieper
1
0
0
0
1

Kite, HaroldHarold Kite
1
0
0
0
1

Lewis, PaulPaul Lewis
1
0
0
0
1

Mantz, JohnnyJohnny Mantz
1
0
0
0
1

McQuagg, SamSam McQuagg
1
0
0
0
1

Mears, CaseyCasey Mears
0
0
1
1
1

Menard, PaulPaul Menard
0
0
1
1
1

Moore, LloydLloyd Moore
1
0
0
0
1

Nadeau, JerryJerry Nadeau
0
1
0
1
1

Nelson, NormNorm Nelson
1
0
0
0
1

Norton, BillBill Norton
1
0
0
0
1

Parsons, PhilPhil Parsons
0
1
0
1
1

Passwater, DickDick Passwater
1
0
0
0
1

Pond, LennieLennie Pond
0
1
0
1
1

Rexford, BillBill Rexford
1
0
0
0
1

Ridley, JodyJody Ridley
0
1
0
1
1

Rollins, ShortyShorty Rollins
1
0
0
0
1

Roper, JimJim Roper
1
0
0
0
1

Ross, EarlEarl Ross
0
1
0
1
1

Rostek, JohnJohn Rostek
1
0
0
0
1

Rutherford, JohnnyJohnny Rutherford
1
0
0
0
1

Sacks, GregGreg Sacks
0
1
0
1
1

Sales, LeonLeon Sales
1
0
0
0
1

Schneider, FrankieFrankie Schneider
1
0
0
0
1

Scott, WendellWendell Scott
1
0
0
0
1

Shuman, BuddyBuddy Shuman
1
0
0
0
1

Smith, ReganRegan Smith
0
0
1
1
1

Soares, JohnJohn Soares
1
0
0
0
1

Speed, LakeLake Speed
0
1
0
1
1

Stevenson, ChuckChuck Stevenson
1
0
0
0
1

Thomas, DonaldDonald Thomas
1
0
0
0
1

Thompson, TommyTommy Thompson
1
0
0
0
1

Watts, ArtArt Watts
1
0
0
0
1

Weinberg, DannyDanny Weinberg
1
0
0
0
1

White, JackJack White
1
0
0
0
1

text: Most wins at different tracks[edit]

text: Modern era[edit]

text:
Key

Driver and Track is part of 2017 season

Track was part of the NASCAR Cup between 1972 and 2016

text:
Driver
Total
AMS
ACS
BMS
CMS
CHI
DAR
DAY
DOV
HMS
IMS
KAN
KEN
LVS
MAR
MIS
NAS
NHS
NCS
NWS
OMS
PHO
POC
RIC
RIV
SON
TAL
TMS
TWS
TRE
WGL

Jeff Gordon
24 of 25
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X

Kyle Busch
23 of 23
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X

Tony Stewart
21 of 24
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X

X
-

X
X
X

X
X
X

X

Mark Martin
21 of 27
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
-
-
X
-
X
X
X
-
X
X
X

X
-
X
-
X
X
X

X

Jimmie Johnson
20 of 24
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X

X
-

X
X
X

X
X
X

-

Kevin Harvick
20 of 24
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X

X
-

X
-
X

X
X
-

X

Matt Kenseth
19 of 24
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
-
X

X
X

X
X
X

-
X
X

-

Denny Hamlin
17 of 23
X
-
X
x
X
X
X
-
X
-
X
-
-
X
X

X

X
X
X

-
X
X

X

Rusty Wallace
17 of 25
X
X
X
X
-
-
x
X
-
-
-

-
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
-
-

X

Dale Earnhardt
17 of 26
X
-
X
X

X
X
X
-
X

-
X
X
X
-
X
X
-
X
X
X
-
X
X
-
-

-

Cale Yarborough
16 of 17
X

X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
-

X
X
X

X

X

Bobby Allison
16 of 19
X

X
X

X
X
X

-
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X

-
X
-

Dale Jarrett
16 of 25
X
-
X
X
-
X
X
X
-
X
-

-
X
X

X
X
-

X
X
X
-
-
X
X

-

Darrell Waltrip
16 of 26
X
-
X
X

X
X
X
-
-

-
X
X
X
-
X
X
-
-
X
X
-
X
X
-
X

-

Richard Petty
15 of 21
X

X
X

-
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
-
-
X
X
X
-
X

X
-
-

Brad Keselowski
15 of 23
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
-
-
X
X
X
X
-

X

-
X
X

-
X
-

-

Kurt Busch
15 of 24
X
X
X
X
-
-
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
X
X

X
-

X
X
X

X
-
X

-

Bill Elliott
15 of 26
X
-
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
-

-
-
X
-
-
X
-

X
X
X
X
-
X
-

-

text: Note:

text:
X - at least one win in a points race
x - at least one win in a non-points race
- - participation, but no win
no entry = no participation

tag: ul

text: Most wins at each track[edit]

text: Current NASCAR tracks[edit]

text:
Track
Driver
Wins
Active drivers
Wins

Atlanta Motor Speedway
Dale Earnhardt
9
Jimmie Johnson
5

Auto Club Speedway
Jimmie Johnson
6
Jimmie Johnson
6

Bristol Motor Speedway
Darrell Waltrip
12
Kyle Busch
6

Charlotte Motor Speedway
Jimmie Johnson
8
Jimmie Johnson
8

Chicagoland Speedway
Tony Stewart
3
Brad Keselowski & Kevin Harvick
2

Darlington Raceway
David Pearson
10
Jimmie Johnson
3

Daytona International Speedway
Richard Petty
10
Dale Earnhardt, Jr.
4

Dover International Speedway
Jimmie Johnson
11
Jimmie Johnson
11

Homestead-Miami Speedway
Greg Biffle & Tony Stewart
3
Denny Hamlin
2

Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Jeff Gordon
5
Jimmie Johnson
4

Kansas Speedway
Jeff Gordon & Jimmie Johnson
3
Jimmie Johnson
3

Kentucky Speedway
Brad Keselowski
3
Brad Keselowski
3

Las Vegas Motor Speedway
Jimmie Johnson
4
Jimmie Johnson
4

Martinsville Speedway
Richard Petty
15
Jimmie Johnson
9

Michigan International Speedway
David Pearson
9
Kurt Busch, Matt Kenseth & Kyle Larson
3

New Hampshire Motor Speedway
Jeff Burton
4
Jimmie Johnson, Ryan Newman, Kurt Busch, Matt Kenseth, Denny Hamlin, & Kyle Busch
3

Phoenix International Raceway
Kevin Harvick
8
Kevin Harvick
8

Pocono Raceway
Jeff Gordon
6
Denny Hamlin
4

Richmond International Raceway
Richard Petty
13
Kyle Busch
4

Sonoma Raceway
Jeff Gordon
5
Kyle Busch
2

Talladega Superspeedway
Dale Earnhardt
10
Dale Earnhardt, Jr.
6

Texas Motor Speedway
Jimmie Johnson
7
Jimmie Johnson
7

Watkins Glen International
Tony Stewart
5
Kyle Busch
2

text: Former NASCAR tracks[edit]

text:
Track
Driver
Wins

Albany-Saratoga Speedway
Richard Petty
2

Asheville-Weaverville Speedway
Rex White
5

Augusta Speedway
Joe Weatherly, Richard Petty, Bobby Isaac & David Pearson
2

Beltsville Speedway
Bobby Isaac
3

Birmingham International Raceway
Ned Jarrett
3

Bowman Gray Stadium
Rex White
6

California State Fairgrounds
Eddie Gray
2

Central City Speedway
Herb Thomas
2

Champion Speedway
Bob Welborn
2

Charlotte Speedway
Buck Baker
3

Cleveland County Fairgrounds
Buck Baker & Ned Jarrett
2

Columbia Speedway
Richard Petty
7

Concord Speedway
Jack Smith
3

Dayton Speedway
Dick Rathman
2

Daytona Beach and Road Course
Marshall Teague & Tim Flock
2

Dog Track Speedway
Ned Jarrett
4

Fonda Speedway
Richard Petty
2

Fort Miami Speedway
Tim Flock
2

Greenville-Pickens Speedway
Richard Petty
6

Heidelberg Raceway
Lee Petty
2

Hickory Motor Speedway
Junior Johnson
7

Islip Speedway
Richard Petty & Bobby Allison
2

Jacksonville Speedway Park
Herb Thomas & Lee Petty
2

Kingsport Speedway
Richard Petty
2

Lakewood Speedway
Herb Thomas & Buck Baker
2

Langhorne Speedway
Dick Rathmann & Herb Thomas
3

Langley Speedway
David Pearson
3

Lincoln Speedway
Buck Baker
2

Middle Georgia Raceway
Richard Petty
4

Monroe County Fairgrounds
Tim Flock & Lee Petty
2

Montgomery Speedway
Tim Flock
2

Morristown Speedway
Tim Flock
2

Myrtle Beach Speedway
Ned Jarrett
3

Nashville Speedway
Richard Petty
9

New Asheville Speedway
Ned Jarrett & Richard Petty
2

Newport Speedway
Fireball Roberts
2

North Wilkesboro Speedway
Richard Petty
15

Occoneechee Speedway
Buck Baker, Lee Petty & Richard Petty
3

Old Dominion Speedway
Ned Jarrett & Richard Petty
2

Ontario Motor Speedway
A.J. Foyt, Bobby Allison & Benny Parsons
2

Oxford Plains Speedway
Bobby Allison
2

Palm Beach Speedway
Herb Thomas
4

Piedmont Interstate Fairgrounds
Ned Jarrett
6

Portland Speedway
Eddie Pagan
2

Raleigh Speedway
Fonty Flock, Herb Thomas & Fireball Roberts
2

Reading Fairgrounds
Junior Johnson
2

Riverside International Raceway
Bobby Allison
6

Rockingham Speedway
Richard Petty
11

Savannah Speedway
Richard Petty
3

Smoky Mountain Raceway
Richard Petty
6

South Boston Speedway
Richard Petty
5

Southern States Fairgrounds
Lee Petty
3

Starkey Speedway
Junior Johnson
2

Tar Heel Speedway
Jim Paschal
2

Texas World Speedway
Richard Petty
3

Trenton Speedway
Richard Petty
3

West Virginia International Speedway
Richard Petty
3

Wilson Speedway
Herb Thomas
3


document_title: Michelle Connor

question_text: what is michelle connors son called in corrie

text: Michelle Connor

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Michelle auditions as a background singer for Vernon Tomlin's (Ian Reddington) band and also gets a job as barmaid at The Rovers Return Inn. She is soon joined by her son, Ryan (Ben Thompson), and her brothers, Paul (Sean Gallagher) and Liam (Rob James-Collier). It is established that Michelle had Ryan when she was a teenager and that Ryan's father, Dean, was killed in a car accident five years before. Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) falls for Michelle immediately but his mother, Liz (Beverley Callard), does not approve of Michelle as Vernon is clearly attracted to her.

text: When Michelle's sister-in-law, Carla Connor (Alison King), married to Paul, hints that Paul and Liam have a secret, she confronts them. Paul denies it but Liam admits that Paul actually drove on the night Dean died, not him. She lashes out violently at her brothers for hiding Paul's crime and struggles to forgive them but does keep the truth from Ryan. After having a brief fling with Steve, Michelle begins dating Sonny Dhillon (Pal Aron) but ends it after discovering he is bisexual and having an affair with Sean Tully (Antony Cotton). Devastated, Michelle ends her friendship with Sean.

text: During December 2007, Ryan is followed repeatedly by a man in a blue car. He appears constantly and scares Ryan, who tells Michelle, but initially, the claims fall on deaf ears. On 9 December 2007, the driver starts a conversation with him, using his name. Ryan, frightened, flees to the Rovers and tells his mother and uncle. Liam tries to catch the mystery man but he escapes. He reappears on 17 December and goes to a house in the suburbs. The Connors follow, determined to find out why this man is following Ryan. Michelle rings the doorbell and the door is answered by another 15-year-old, Alex Neeson (Dario Coates). She is horrified to see that the teenage boy in front of her is the image of her late partner, Dean. Her worst fears are confirmed – Alex and Ryan were swapped accidentally just after birth, making Alex Michelle's biological son, not Ryan. Alex later appears in The Kabin and tells Norris Cole (Malcolm Hebden) that his mother would pay for the sweets he wanted. Norris asks who his mother is and Alex tells him his mother's name is Michelle Connor. Later that day, news spreads about Ryan not being Michelle's son and Ryan is not amused when Amber Kalirai (Nikki Patel) comments on it. The police later arrive at The Rovers with Alex. He has been shoplifting and tells them Michelle is his mother. They ask her if this is true and Michelle tells them it is and that it is okay for him to stay at The Rovers. He stays for a couple of weeks, causing problems for everyone, so Ryan moves in with Liam and Maria Connor (Samia Ghadie). He "loses" Steve's daughter Amy Barlow (Amber Chadwick) and barricades himself in the pub, but Michelle cannot not bring herself to send him back to his adoptive mother, Wendy Neeson (Jane Slavin). She meets Alex again and has taken him to Ireland to meet his grandparents. She later tells Alex and his family that she cannot have Alex in her life because Ryan is her son.

text: Michelle's remaining brother, Liam, dies in a hit-and-run accident arranged by Tony Gordon (Gray O'Brien). Michelle is distraught, especially as her brother, Paul, also died in a car accident just over a year before. Michelle attends Tony and Carla's wedding and later discovers that Liam had an affair with Carla as Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor) drunkenly tells Maria. This infuriates her and she confides in Michelle and Tom Kerrigan (Philip McGinley), confusing them as they thought she had the wrong idea about the situation. Steve has a drunken one-night stand with Becky Granger (Katherine Kelly), following a dispute with Michelle. He doesn't tell Michelle but she becomes suspicious when Steve and his best friend Lloyd Mullaney (Craig Charles) are nervous when she's around. Liz tells Michelle that Steve is good friends with Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson), so she blames her, as she knows that Steve has had a one-night stand. Steve tells her that he is in love with Becky and Michelle ends their relationship. After the break-up, Michelle quits her job at The Rovers as she and Ryan move in with Maria.

text: Michelle leaves to do another tour with JD for six months. The night before she left, she sleeps with Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) and Michelle and Ryan walk in on Maria and Tony kissing and furiously storm out. She later apologises to Maria and helps her tell Michelle's parents, Helen (Dearbhla Molloy) and Barry Connor (Frank Grimes) about her new relationship. She returns in early September and has a brief fling with builder Jake Harman (Kenny Doughty). Michelle catches the eye of Rovers colleague, Ciaran McCarthy (Keith Duffy), who rentlessly pursues her, despite Michelle giving him the cold shoulder in an attempt to mask her true feelings. Ciaran is leaving for a cruise and persuades her to go too and she accepts. 10 months later, Michelle and Ciaran return and are shocked when a shaken Carla tells her that while she was away, her partner, Frank Foster (Andrew Lancel), raped her and that he is on bail, awaiting trial. Michelle and Ciaran help Carla cope and persuade her not to sell the factory because of Frank's lies. Carla eventually returns to work, much to Ciaran and Michelle's relief but Underworld suffers as Carla struggles, and Michelle gratefully accepts help from Nick Tilsley (Ben Price). Michelle and Ciaran's romance also suffers as they realise that they want different things and Ciaran has doubts about Michelle. Ciaran tells Michelle that he is returning to the cruise ships and Michelle decides to go too but changes her mind, feeling that she can't leave Carla. Michelle tells Ciaran she will always love him and tearfully watches as Ciaran leaves.

text: Michelle steals a contract from Carla's ex-partner, Frank, to stop him putting Carla out of business. When Frank is found dead in the Underworld Factory, everyone is a suspect and Carla is arrested on suspicion of murder but is released without charge. Michelle worries that she will be arrested because she went to see Frank, and stole the contract, shortly before he was killed but doesn't admit what she's done until after Frank's mother, Anne Foster (Gwen Taylor), accuses Carla. Michelle later tells Carla what she did and Carla burns the contract. Carla later persuades Anne to tell the police that she killed Frank accidentally after she heard Frank taunting Carla and admitting that he raped her.

text: A few months later, Carla's younger brother, Rob Donovan (Marc Baylis), arrives and starts work at Underworld with Michelle and Carla. In July, Michelle is overjoyed when Ryan (now played by Sol Heras) returns from university but is angered when he sets fire to Steve's bum while helping Sophie Webster (Brooke Vincent) paint the house. Further questioning by Michelle forces Ryan to admit that he was expelled for taking drugs. Michelle takes Ryan to work with Kirk at the factory. However, when alone, Ryan fakes an injury to get time off and Michelle thinks that he is really hurt so she and Rob take him to hospital. Later, Ryan tells her that he plans to sue and Michelle tries to talk him out of it but he is unmoved, insisting that he will do it anyway. Michelle eventually realises that Ryan is dead when Rob and Eva Price (Catherine Tyldesley) expose his deceit by making sure she sees him doing the dance in florist.

text: On a night out, Ryan offers Kylie Platt (Paula Lane) some cocaine but she turns him down in disgust and tells Michelle but he insists that Kylie offered him the cocaine. However, Michelle later finds Ryan snorting cocaine in The Rovers toilets and is livid. To make him realise what he is doing, she calls the police and has him arrested but he is released with a caution. Michelle and Kylie almost fight in the street but are stopped by Lloyd and Gail McIntyre (Helen Worth). Steve begins helping Ryan so that Michelle will go out with him. She eventually does, they reunite and rent the flat above the kebab shop. When Michelle's sister-in-law, Carla, gives Peter Barlow a share in Underworld, Michelle is wary of Peter destroying the factory, like he did the bookies. After arguing repeatedly with Peter, Michelle quits and goes to work at The Rovers. Steve later announces that he has bought The Rovers from Stella Price (Michelle Collins) and intends to make Michelle landlady. However, he doesn't mention that his mother, Liz, owns half of the pub. She returns to Weatherfield and resumes her place as landlady. Michelle moves into the pub with Steve, Liz and Amy (now played by Elle Mulvaney). Michelle and Carla reconcile but she stays at The Rovers and is replaced by Eva at Underworld.

text: In January 2015, Steve is diagnosed with clinical depression and not wanting to burden Michelle, he decides to end their relationship without explanation. This leads Michelle to believe that he does not love her anymore so she goes on a date with a client from her party planning business, Hamish Young (James Redmond). Whilst driving the Underworld staff to an awards' ceremony, Steve is chased by some boy racers who eventually cut him up and cause him to swerve. Steve crashes the minibus, leaving the staff trapped in the wreckage. Michelle escapes and goes to find Steve, much to the other passengers' worry. Whilst at the hospital, Steve tells Michelle that he has depression and that this is the reason why he ended their relationship. Michelle promises to help him recover.

text: In March, Michelle discovers that Steve owes £10,000 in tax which he had been ignoring. Liz's boyfriend, Tony Stewart (Terence Maynard) offers to lend him the money to clear his debt, but after starting an affair with Tracy, the couple plan to take The Rovers from the McDonalds' so Tony tells Steve that he needs his money back. Subsequently, Steve proposes to Michelle but is convinced that she doesn't really want to marry him, and only said yes out of pity, so he calls off the engagement. Later, Steve finds a candlelight dinner prepared and assumes that Tony has prepared the meal for Liz, and calls Tony out in front of the entire Rovers at the Butler Auction. Michelle then confesses that it was actually her who prepared it for them, and calls Steve up onto the stage to explain that she had said yes because she loves him. Michelle then proposes to Steve, getting the engagement back on track.

text: In May, after some persuasion from Liz, a reluctant Steve agrees to sell his share of The Rovers to a company called "Travis Limited", who, is actually Tony. Tony then persuades Liz to sell her share to Travis Ltd, in order to start a new life in Spain. However, Carla steps in and offers to buy Liz's share, so Michelle no longer has to worry about being kicked out of their home, and Liz accepts as Carla promises to keep Steve and Michelle as the pub managers. Liz then learns about Tony and Tracy's affair so she stops the sale. In May 2015, Steve and Michelle finally marry. In late 2015, Liz persuades Tony to give their relationship another go but only does this to make him sign The Rovers over to Steve. Once he has done this, she dumps Tony in front of the whole pub and he leaves, humiliated. Michelle is overjoyed, because The Rovers is hers again.

text: In 2015, Steve leaves Weatherfield for a while. Michelle stays as she has too much work on, including planning a wedding for a client named Saskia. Saskia introduces her fiancé, Will Chatterton (Leon Ockenden), to Michelle. She is surprised as Will was Michelle's first boyfriend. Michelle and Will spend time together and develop feelings for each other. Michelle tries to back away from Will by refusing to organise the wedding, then getting help so she does not have to deal directly with the couple but this does not work. Michelle and Will acknowledge their feelings for each other. When Steve does not come home for Michelle's 40th birthday, Michelle goes to Will's home and they kiss. As Michelle and Will are about to sleep together, Michelle sees photos of Will and Saskia and leaves. Michelle goes home and finds Steve has come home. Michelle tells Carla about what happened with her and Will and he tells Michelle that he has called off his wedding for her but Michelle tells Will that she loves Steve. Michelle tells Liz about kissing Will. Liz tells Michelle not to ruin her marriage over it but Saskia tells Michelle to stay away from Will. Steve is shocked but later forgives Michelle and they reconcile. Michelle discovers she is pregnant but Steve then says he does not any more children, unaware that Leanne is also pregnant as a result of a one-night stand during Steve and Michelle's separation over Will.

text: In January 2017, Michelle falls ill at her and Leanne's shared baby shower moments after Robert Preston (Tristan Gemmill) confesses his love for her. She is rushed to hospital and is kept overnight. However, in the morning Michelle goes into labour after a 23-week-long pregnancy and gives birth to a baby boy, whom she and Steve name Ruairi. Ruairi is not breathing and due to the hospital's policy of not intervening before 24 weeks, he dies. This leaves Michelle devastated, and she contemplates suicide in order to be with Ruairi, but is talked out of it by Robert. In February 2017, Leanne gives birth in an elevator, with Michelle visiting her newborn baby, Oliver. At Oliver's welcome home party at the Bistro, Steve holds Oliver and reveals that he is Oliver's biological father. Michelle is initially furious and punches Leanne, however is distraught at Steve for betrayal her. Michelle throws glasses at Steve at front of everybody at The Rovers. Michelle then discovers Liz knew the truth. Steve begs Michelle to forgive him but Michelle tells Steve that he kills their marriage before leaves and orders Steve to not follow her. The following week Michelle locks Steve and Liz out of the pub, she then grabs Eva by the hair and kicks her out after Eva refuses to leave. A few weeks later she kisses Leanne's boyfriend Nick after they talk about Leanne and Steve being together. Michelle goes to spend a few days with Carla, until things calm down.

text: When she returns, Steve arranged for him and Michelle to go for a marriage counseling session. After initially agreeing to go, she changes her mind after Robert's confession of his love to her. They have sex together back at Robert's flat, however Steve found out about their relationship. He was furious and threatens to fight her for the divorce. When Steve mentions that Michelle is still wearing her wedding ring, thinking that she doesn't want a divorce, she hits back that she only wears her wedding ring to remind her of how much she hated him. She angrily throws her ring at Steve and declares war on him, promising she will do whatever it takes to get half of everything, and she moves out of The Rovers and moves in with Robert for romance and business. In August 2017, Will returns to Weatherfield as a potential love interest for Maria, while Michelle is left shaken after witnessing Chesney Brown (Sam Aston) being stabbed with a glass bottle in the bistro by one of Robert's former drug dealers, Rich Collis (Fraser Ayres). A vendetta is later started against Robert, and Michelle is convinced that Rich is behind it. After going into town for a drink, Michelle's drink is drugged and she is kidnapped, tied up, gagged and left in the boot of a car in a nearby car park. The following morning, she is found by a woman in a state of complete distress and gives a statement to the police describing what happened. A few days later, Michelle does a drug test and is told that Rohypnol was used to abduct her. Robert believes that Rich is behind Michelle's kidnap and brutally beats him up, leaving him in a critical condition and Robert facing a court hearing. Everyone is unaware, however, that Will was behind the kidnap and is stalking Michelle. She later however finds out and he is found guilty.

text: In November 2017, after Robert is released from prison he is diagnosed with testicular cancer leaving Michelle distraught. Robert struggles with the diagnosis badly and begins gambling, running the bistro into large debts. Due to this, Michelle robs the bistro but is hit over the head by Kate who doesn’t know it is her. Later on after recovering from the head injury Michelle visits Kate and pretends to be innocent however Kate knows she was the robber, Michelle however starts to blackmail Kate as she knows about her affair with Rana Habeeb (Bhavna Limbachia).

text: Creation[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The character of Michelle was first created as a cameo appearance for singer/actress Kym Marsh with the possibility of returning. She was later signed up to return on a more permanent basis. Of the decision to become a regular on the show, Marsh said: "If anybody had told me I'd end up starring in Coronation Street one day, I'd have laughed and told them to shut up. I've always said this would be my dream job. My mum has watched the show for years so I've grown up with it."[1] In June 2008, Marsh signed a contract for £100,000 after keen producers nearly doubled her salary to keep her as part of the show. Marsh stated she wanted to be on the show for a long time.[2][3]

text: The Inside Soap Magazine announced that a Coronation Street spokesperson had denied reports that Kym Marsh is leaving the show to go to Hollywood. Despite confirmation that her boyfriend Jamie Lomas is heading to LA, Kym will be staying put.[4] With Kym confirming herself that she had just signed another one-year contract. Of the decision to stay, Marsh said: "I am absolutely delighted about it. It's not necessarily always my decision. I mean, if the producers don't want you, you're out. I'm lucky the writers feel that they can still write for my character, Michelle Connor, after doing so for three years."[5] Marsh said she is unsure about her future in Coronation Street.[6] Speaking to PA, Marsh said that she is unsure of what plans producers have for her and that she will have to wait until 2012 to see what happens. She said she would like to stay and added that she is excited to see how the story develops for her character.[6]

text: Characterisation[edit]

text: Michelle's character has a multi-faceted personality. of this actress Kym Marsh said: "The good thing about playing a character like her, she's got so many sides. She can be a bitch, she can be sensitive and she can be feisty too. She's just so well-rounded – there's plenty more mileage left in her."[5] Marsh also discussed her character's personality during an interview with Inside Soap magazine stating that she thinks her character has a more devious side because she is part of the Connor family. Going on to say that her character has got quite a temper on her and that she enjoys portraying her tough side.[7]

text: During a magazine interview Marsh spoke about the effect her relationship with Steve had on her character stating: "I'd like to see a lot more of the old, feisty Michelle. She became a bit too dependent on Steve and now she is an independent woman again I think she needs a bit of a challenge."[5] Of her character's relationship with Peter, Marsh stated: "I think it might be interesting to see where things might go with Peter Barlow. Peter's quite a deep character. He's got a lot of layers, some good and some bad." Going on to comment about wanting her character to be more feisty unlike when she was with Steve explaining: "I think she is suited to Peter because there's bound to be drama. He's not exactly got the best track record."[5]

text: Development[edit]

text: Maternity leave[edit]

text: On 5 December 2008, Kym Marsh announced that she and boyfriend Jamie Lomas were expecting a baby. She was due to go on maternity leave in June 2009[8] and return at the beginning of 2010. On 12 February 2009, Marsh's son was born 18 weeks early and died shortly after birth. On 27 February 2009, it was revealed that Marsh had returned to filming earlier in the week.[9] Marsh's second pregnancy was announced in 2010 and she took maternity leave in January 2011. It was confirmed in July 2011 that she would return to filming in September 2011. Upon her return in November 2011, Michelle announced that she was engaged to Ciaran, she learns of Carla's rape ordeal culminating in confronting Frank and taking charge of Underworld.

text: Steve McDonald[edit]

text: In January 2015, it was revealed that Michelle would reunite Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) in the aftermath of the upcoming mini bus crash storyline.[10] It was also confirmed that Michelle and Steve would be the next Weatherfield couple to tie the knot. Speaking of this Marsh said; "I'm delighted, absolutely delighted. It'll be weird after being Michelle Connor for nearly nine years, but it totally makes sense for us as characters. Simon and I love working together, and nobody likes to see us broken up." It was also revealed that Michelle would get "feisty" again when her Steve is blamed for the mini-bus crash.[11]

text: Kym Marsh also revealed that Michelle and Steve's mum Liz would clash over the best course of action for Steve. With Michelle now focused solely on helping Steve to get better with his depression following their reconciliation, she faces opposition from his mum Liz as it becomes apparent that they have very different approaches. While Liz adopts a "tough love" approach with her son, Michelle thinks they should tread more carefully around him, worried about his vulnerable state. Marsh said: "They both obviously want to help Steve but because both of them are so worried about him and love him so much - they both want to help him in their own way. Understandably they clash as they're both so concerned about him. They both have different approaches - Liz is more of the tough love approach and tries to get Steve up and doing things, whereas Michelle is much more trying the softly-softly approach." Marsh added: "Liz doesn't think it's the best way because Michelle is so protective of Steve and doesn't want to hurt or upset him. After everything that's happened with the crash, Michelle thinks they should go easy on him." Despite the disagreement, Marsh believed that the pair would be able to put their differences aside eventually in order to work together to help Steve.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: As Michelle settled into the canvas, she became an increasingly large focus of storylines as well as airtime. In 2007, Kym Marsh won a number of awards for her work as Michelle. At the 2007 TV Quick and TV Choice Awards, she won the Best Soap Newcomer award for her portrayal of Michelle.[13] She also won 'Best Newcomer' at The British Soap Awards.[14] However, in 2008, as the character dominated more storylines, some fans began to tire of her as well as her behaviour.[15] The baby-swap storyline, which Michelle was central to, was largely panned by both fans and critics, columnist Grace Dent said of the plot; "...It feels like something ripped from a copy of Pick Me Up magazine and read to me laboriously over 22 weeks".[16] In September 2008, Marsh won the award for 'Best Dressed Soap Star' at the Inside Soap Awards.[17] In August 2017, Marsh was longlisted for Best Actress at the Inside Soap Awards, while the death of Michelle and Steve's son was longlisted for Best Show-Stopper.[18] While Marsh was not shortlisted for Best Actress, the nomination for Best Show-Stopper made its shortlist.[19] They lost out to Emmerdale's motorway crash.[20]

text: In 2009 Ruth Deller of entertainment website Lowculture who runs a monthly feature of the most popular and unpopular soap opera characters, profiled Michelle, criticising her personality stating: "She’s continuing to get more and more entitled and unbearable, but we’re not sure the Coronation Street writers have noticed how much we all hate her yet…"[21] Later that year Deller criticised Michelle again stating: "It really is the month for all our old hate figures to resurface. Michelle’s still apparently irresistible, and her hatefulness was amplified when the show paired her up with the equally detestable Jake. Do the writers realise we hate her? Are they deliberately torturing us? It’s beginning to look more and more the case…"[22]


document_title: We're the Millers

question_text: where does we're the millers take place

question_tokens: where does we 're the millers take place

text: We're the Millers

text: Plot[edit]

text: A small-time cannabis dealer named David Clark, who lives in Denver, CO, is robbed of his money and weed stash; some of which he owes to his wealthy drug lord supplier Brad Gurdlinger. After David is brought to him, Gurdlinger forces David to smuggle a "smidge" of marijuana from Mexico as a solution to clear his debt. Realizing that one man attempting to get through customs is too suspicious, he hires his stripper neighbor stage-named Rose, a teenage runaway and petty thief named Casey, and his eighteen-year-old neighbor Kenny, to pose as a bogus family called "the Millers." When the Millers reach the compound, they find out that the amount of marijuana they were picking up is not "a smidge" but actually two tons. Because of the extra load of the marijuana on the RV that they are driving, one of the radiator hoses breaks while going up a steep incline. A family they had met at the border, the Fitzgeralds, consisting of Don, Edith, and their teenage daughter Melissa, catch up to them and tow the Millers' RV to a garage. En route to the garage, David learns that Don Fitzgerald is a DEA agent after finding his badge and gun in the glove compartment.

text: The marijuana turns out to be stolen from Pablo Chacón's cartel where Gurdlinger had David pose as an agent of Chacon. The next day, when the Millers return to the garage to collect the RV, the mechanic is found tied-up and gagged with duct tape in his office and Chacón and his henchman One-Eye are waiting for them and prepare to execute the family. They immediately tell Chacón that they are not a real family and that they did not know they were stealing from him. Rose is given a chance to prove that she is a stripper by dancing, and when she gets close, turns a steam vent onto Chacón, allowing the Millers to escape in the RV with Kenny behind the wheel. Due to Kenny's erratic driving, the RV veers off the highway and a Mexican redknee tarantula, hiding in a bowl of fruit, crawls up Kenny's leg and bites his testicle.

text: Kenny has a severe allergic reaction to the bite, and the Millers head to the hospital near a carnival for 4th of July celebrations. This further delays the delivery of the smuggled contraband. During their wait, David and Rose begin to bond and Rose reveals her real name to be Sarah ("with an H"). The two of them scold Casey for leaving with a strange boy, Scotty P; which leaves Casey feeling amused and happy for the attention she didn't receive from her real parents, who neglected her.

text: David renegotiates with Gurdlinger for a fee of $500,000 on the condition that it arrives that night. When Kenny is finally released from the hospital, David rushes him to the RV in a wheelchair and accidentally tips him over. In the ensuing argument, David inadvertently reveals how much he is getting paid, in comparison to how little he offered to pay each of the others. Casey, Sarah, and Kenny are left in disgust by the revelation, and so David leaves them behind at the local carnival.

text: Shortly after leaving, David regrets abandoning them after hearing "Waterfalls" by TLC on the radio and returns to the carnival. Casey confides in Scotty about how she felt like she was actually part of a real family. Scotty tries to sexually harass Casey, but is thwarted by Sarah and Kenny. David then arrives at the carnival, begging them to come back with him and offering each a full share of the profits. On their way to the RV, they encounter Edith and Melissa. In the ensuing conversation between the Millers and the Fitzgeralds, Kenny blurts out that they are smuggling cannabis. One-Eye appears and is about to shoot everyone, but Don comes out of his motor home and knocks him out cold. Chacón then appears from around the corner, with Melissa held at gunpoint and is about to kill them all; but is momentarily distracted by 4th of July firework display. David and Kenny then subdue him while he is distracted. Melissa and Kenny (with a newfound confidence) kiss, as do David and Sarah. Don arrests Chacón, but lets the Millers leave.

text: David delivers the drugs to Gurdlinger, who tells him he is late and that their deal is off, but then admits that he had never intended to pay him at all. DEA agents interrupt the meeting, arresting Gurdlinger, revealing that David grassed them up. Don, the agent in charge of the raid, tells David that he will have to be placed in the witness protection program until the trials of Gurdlinger and Chacón are finished. He then adds that anyone who was a witness to the crime will be put into protection, which pleases David. The Millers are then seen together in a suburban house with several marijuana plants growing in the back garden.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jason Sudeikis as David Clark / Miller, a drug dealer who forms the Millers.
Jennifer Aniston as Sarah "Rose" O'Reilly / Miller, a stripper hired by David to pose as his wife.
Emma Roberts as Casey Mathis / Miller, a 20-year-old runaway from neglectful parents, and thief, hired by David to pose as his teenage daughter.
Will Poulter as Kenny Rossmore / Miller, David's socially awkward and underconfident 18-year-old neighbor posing as his son.
Ed Helms as Brad Gurdlinger, a drug lord who hires David to smuggle marijuana from Mexico.
Nick Offerman as Don Fitzgerald, a DEA agent who befriends the Millers.
Kathryn Hahn as Edith Fitzgerald, Don's wife.
Molly Quinn as Melissa Fitzgerald, Don and Edie's teenage daughter and Kenny's love interest.
Tomer Sisley as Pablo Chacón, a Mexican drug lord and the film's main villain.
Matthew Willig as One-Eye, Pablo's henchman.
Luis Guzmán as a Mexican cop who demands a bribe from the Millers.
Thomas Lennon as Rick Nathanson, a former college classmate of David's.
Mark L. Young as Scottie P., a kiddie ride attendant who befriends Casey.
Ken Marino as Todd, the sleazy owner of the strip club that Rose worked at.
Laura-Leigh as Kymberly/Boner Garage, one of Rose's fellow strippers.
Sam Richardson as TSA Agent

text: Production[edit]

text: Development of the movie first began in 2002.[5] By 2006, the film was announced with Steve Buscemi as the pot dealer, with Will Arnett in another role, but no further development was made.[6] In April 2012, various news media broke the news that Jennifer Aniston and Jason Sudeikis were in talks to star in the film.[7][8] The film added Emma Roberts, Will Poulter, Ed Helms and Kathryn Hahn in July.[9][10]

text: Production began in Wilmington, North Carolina on July 23, 2012.[9] Filming also took place in New Mexico.[11] It was presented during the 2013 Traverse City Film Festival.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released in theaters on August 7, 2013 in the United States,[13] and on August 23, 2013 in the United Kingdom. It was released on September 18, 2013 in France, and was released on November 8, 2013 in Spain.

text: Home media[edit]

text: We're the Millers was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 19, 2013 by Warner Home Video.[14][15] The DVD was released as a two-disc special edition, containing two versions of the film: the original theatrical version and the "unrated" extended cut featuring over 8 minutes of new material. Special features included over 45 minutes of featurettes, outtakes and deleted scenes.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: We're the Millers grossed over seven times its $37 million budget, earning over $150 million in North America and $119 million internationally for a worldwide total of $270 million.[13]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 47% based on 149 reviews with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "We're the Millers squanders its potential with an uneven, lazily assembled story."[16] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 44 out of 100 based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2013
Key Art Awards
Best Trailer – Audio/Visual
Warner Bros., New Line Cinema, Trailer Park
Nominated

2014
People's Choice Awards[19]
Favorite Movie Actress
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Favorite Comedic Movie Actress
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Favorite On-Screen Chemistry
Jennifer Aniston and Jason Sudeikis
Nominated

Favorite Comedic Movie
We're the Millers
Nominated

British Academy Film Awards
BAFTA Rising Star Award
Will Poulter
Won

Empire Awards
Best Male Newcomer
Will Poulter
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards[20][21]
Best Female Performance
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Best Breakthrough Performance
Will Poulter
Won

Best Shirtless Performance
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Best Kiss
Emma Roberts, Will Poulter, Jennifer Aniston
Won

Best Song from a Movie
Will Poulter – Waterfalls
Nominated

Best Comedic Performance
Jason Sudeikis
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[22]
Choice Movie Actress: Comedy
Emma Roberts
Won

Choice Movie: Liplock
Emma Roberts, Jennifer Aniston, Will Poulter
Nominated

Choice Movie: Hissy Fit
Jason Sudeikis
Nominated

2015
Casting Society of America
Big Budget Comedy
Lisa Beach, Sarah Katzman, Lisa Mae Fincannon, Jeremy Gordon, Beth Lipari, Dana Salerno
Nominated

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On February 25, 2014, New Line Cinema announced that a sequel to We're the Millers was in development, with Adam Sztykiel writing the script.[4]


document_title: Honda CR-V

question_text: what engine is in a 2002 honda crv

question_tokens: what engine is in a 2002 honda crv

text: Honda CR-V

text: First generation (1995–2001)[edit]

text:
First generation (RD1–RD3)

Overview

Production
1995–2001

Model years
1997–2001

Assembly
Swindon, United Kingdom (HUKM)
Sayama, Japan
Hsinchu, Taiwan
Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines (Honda Santa Rosa, Laguna Plant)
Ayutthaya, Thailand (Honda Ayutthaya Plant)
Karawang, Indonesia (Honda Karawang Plant)

Designer
Hiroyuki Kawase (1993)

Body and chassis

Related
Honda Civic (sixth generation)
Honda Integra

Powertrain

Engine

2.0 L B20B I4
2.0 L B20Z I4

Transmission
5-speed manual
MDMA 4-speed automatic
MDLA 4-speed automatic

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,620 mm (103 in)
2,625.1 mm (103.35 in) (post-facelift)

Length
4,510 mm (178 in)

Width
1,780 mm (70 in)

Height
1,678 mm (66.1 in)1997–1998 (2WD version)
1,700 mm (67 in) 1997–1998(4WD LX)
1,725 mm (67.9 in) 1997–1998 (2WD EX 126 BHP)
1,745 mm (68.7 in) 1999–2001 (2WD EX 146 BHP 2.0 Engine)
1,755 mm (69.1 in) 1999–2001 (4WD EX 146 BHP 2.0 Engine)
1,770 mm (70 in) 1999–2001 (4WD EX-L With Navigation)

text: The CR-V (Chassis Code RD1-RD3) was Honda's first in-house designed sport utility vehicle by Hiroyuki Kawase. The CR-V was introduced in Japan at Honda Verno dealerships only and was regarded as a luxury vehicle in Japan due to the exterior width dimensions exceeding Japanese Government dimension regulations. For North American market, it was displayed at the 1996 Chicago Auto Show and went on sale in February 1997.

text: Upon introduction, the model had only one trim level, which would later be known as the LX model trim; it was powered by the 2.0 L straight-four B20B producing 126 hp (94 kW) at 5400 rpm and 133 lb⋅ft (180 N⋅m) of torque at 4800 rpm. Outer dimensions for this engine would be identical to the Integra's 1.8 L engine, but internally the engine had a larger 84 mm (3.3 in) bore to add the extra displacement needed to produce more torque. The engine utilized a one-piece cylinder sleeve construction unique from any other B-series engine. The chassis was a unibody design with a four-wheel double wishbone suspension. Inside, the rear seats were able to fold down, and a picnic table was stowed in the rear floor area. All models featured plastic cladding covering the front bumper, rear bumper, and fender wells. In most countries, CR-Vs had a chrome grille; however, in the United States, the grille was made out of the same black plastic as the bumpers. The EX included anti-lock brakes and 15 inch alloy wheels over the LX trim. Drivetrain options were front-wheel drive or Honda's Real Time AWD.

text: 1999-2001 update[edit]

text: The engine was changed to the 2.0 L B20Z engine, producing 147 hp (110 kW) at 6200 rpm and 133 lb⋅ft (180 N⋅m) of torque at 4500 rpm. This improved performance for the 3,200 lb (1,500 kg) vehicle. Fuel economy of 23 mpg‑US (10 L/100 km; 28 mpg‑imp) city/28 mpg‑US (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp) highway (US) and price were not affected by the increase in power, which was the result of a higher compression ratio (9.6:1 compared to the B20B's 8.8:1), a new intake manifold, and slightly higher lift on the intake valves.

text: Safety[edit]

text: The 1997–2001 model tested by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) was the LX model with standard driver and passenger airbags. Even though the car's structure received an acceptable rating, the overall car received a marginal rating as the dummy's left leg would have been broken. Its head went through the airbag which would have caused a minor concussion. The chest was well protected.

text: Models equipped with an automatic transmission now had an overdrive cancel button that allowed the driver to lock the transmission in the first three gears to provide power for passing and climbing grades. The pattern of the cloth on the seats was also redesigned, and the head restraints earned an acceptable rating from the IIHS for whiplash protection.

text: The 1999 European, Australian, and Asian CR-V models featured more drastic changes. Exterior alterations included a new front bumper, smoothed off rear bumper, and a smaller plastic radio antenna on the rear of the roof. "Nighthawk Black" was added to the list of paint choices, while "Passion Orange" disappeared. New dark blue pearl and red pearl shades replaced the former solid red and metallic blue hues. European models received an enlarged Honda emblem on the front grille, and a new metallic yellow paint in certain markets.

text: In 2000, a Special Edition model was introduced in North America. The SE featured body-colored bumpers and side moldings, a body-colored hard spare tire cover, leather upholstery, CD/cassette audio deck, rear privacy glass, a Navtech navigation system, and chrome grille accent. Until 2001, the CR-V sold more than any other vehicle in its class. The North American models also received new exterior colors including Naples Gold Metallic and Taffeta White. Electron Blue was introduced in 2000 to replace Submarine Blue Pearl, while Satin Silver Metallic replaced Sebring Silver Metallic in 2001. However, that year, sales of the Ford Escape and its clone, the Mazda Tribute, surpassed those of the CR-V.

text: The Australian higher specification model was called the "Sport". It was added at the time of the first facelift and included body-colored bumpers, mirrors, door handles, and hard rear spare wheel cover. It also included alloy wheels, roof rails, and a large glass sunroof. The CR-V became the country's best-selling SUV in 2000, outselling the Toyota Landcruiser for the first time.

text: Second generation (2002–2006)[edit]

text:
Second generation (RD4–RD9)

Overview

Production
2001–2006

Model years
2002–2006

Assembly
Swindon, England
Ayutthaya, Thailand
Sayama, Japan
Ping-Tung, Taiwan
Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
India
Karawang, Indonesia
Wuhan, China (Dongfeng Honda)

Designer
Mitsuhiro Honda (1999)[7]

Body and chassis

Related
Honda Civic (seventh generation)
Honda Element
Honda Integra DC5

Powertrain

Engine
2.0 L K20A1 I4
2.0 L K20A4 I4
2.2 L N22A2 turbodiesel I4
2.4 L K24A1 I4

Transmission
5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
5-speed automatic

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,620 mm (103 in)
2,625 mm (103.3 in) (post-facelift)

Length
4,535 mm (178.5 in)
4,600 mm (180 in) (post-facelift)

Width
1,785 mm (70.3 in)

Height
1,680 mm (66 in) 2002–2004
1,700 mm (67 in) 2002–2004 2WD
1,750 mm (69 in) 2002–2004 4WD
1,759 mm (69.3 in) 2005–2006 2WD
1,780 mm (70 in) 2005–2006 4WD
1,800 mm (71 in) 2005–2006 2WD/4WD

text: The bigger and heavier[8] second generation CR-V (Chassis Code RD4-RD8) was a full redesign, based on the seventh generation Civic, and powered by the K24A1 engine. North American versions of the new engine produced 160 hp (120 kW) and 162 lb⋅ft (220 N⋅m) of torque. Per new SAE regulations, the same engine is now rated at 156 hp (116 kW) and 160 lb⋅ft (220 N⋅m). The new CR-V retained the fuel economy of the previous model because of the i-VTEC system. The new chassis had increased torsional and bending rigidity, the suspension included front toe control link MacPherson struts and a rear reactive-link double wishbone; the compact rear suspension increased cargo space to 72 cu ft (2,000 l). The second generation CR-V was Car and Driver magazine's Best Small SUV for 2002 and 2003. Second generation CR-Vs in countries outside of North America were again offered in both "low specification" and "high specification" variants, with the latter featuring body-colored bumpers and fittings. It also now did not require the glass hatch to be opened before the swinging door. Changes between model years 2002, 2003, and 2004 were minor, involving an enlargement of the center compartment bin and the addition of a front passenger door power lock in the latter two years respectively.

text: It is reported that in late 2003, Honda took legal action against Shuanghuan of China accusing its Laibao SRV of copying the CR-V's exterior design.[9] Another manufacturer from China made a copy called the Tianqi Meiya TM6480A.

text: Facelift[edit]

text: In 2005, the CR-V received a mid-cycle refresh. New 16 inch wheels replaced the previous 15 inch versions. Changes included new taillights and headlights with clear indicators and two separate H1 bulbs for low beams and high beams, the previous setup used H4 single bulb for both low and high beams. The taillights now used clear lenses instead of amber for the turning indicators. The grille was also changed; it had two horizontal bars instead of one. The front bumper design was slightly changed, it now has round fog lights compared to the previous rectangle fog lights and in addition to the lower grill there are two horizontal bars instead of one. The rear bumper reflectors were longer and narrower.

text: On the inside of the car, the EX trim received upgrades which included steering wheel-mounted audio controls and an outside temperature monitor. The stereo system was also XM Satellite Radio ready (USA but not Canada). All CR-V models also had revised rear seat headrests, which had been redesigned to reduce rear view blockage.

text: Mechanically, the 2005 model was also changed. A major change included a drive-by-wire throttle for all CR-Vs. The all-wheel drive system was improved; it had been tuned to activate faster in low traction situations. US market models were equipped with a five-speed automatic, as opposed to the previous four-speed automatic.

text: In the United States and Canada, all 2005 MY and later CR-Vs have anti-lock brakes, electronic brake force distribution, traction control and Vehicle Stability Assist, front seat-mounted side airbags, and side-curtain airbags with rollover sensors for all occupants.

text: In Australia, the MY05 facelift went on sale in late 2004. Base models made do with only dual airbags and ABS as standard equipment, while the Sport came equipped with side airbags for the first time. Curtain airbags were unavailable on any model, until the next generation.

text: Following the tradition of adding a trim level above the EX during the refresh like the first generation CR-V, Honda added the SE trim level for the 2005 CR-V. The CR-V SE featured painted bumpers, body side molding, and hard, body-colored spare tire cover. For a more luxurious experience, Honda added a leather interior, leather-wrapped steering wheel, and heated side mirrors and front seats.

text: Third generation (2007–2012)[edit]

text:
Third generation (RE1–RE5, RE7)

Overview

Production

Sept 2006(Worldwide)
2006-2012

Model years

2007–2011
2007-2012 (Worldwide)

Assembly
East Liberty, Ohio, United States
El Salto, Mexico
Ping-Tung, Taiwan
Sayama, Saitama, Japan
Swindon, England
Vĩnh Phúc, Vietnam
Wuhan, China
Ayutthaya, Thailand
Karawang, Indonesia

Body and chassis

Related
Acura RDX
Honda Civic

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,620 mm (103.1 in)

Length
4,518 mm (177.9 in)

Width
2007–09: 1,820 mm (71.7 in)
2010–2011: 1,819 mm (71.6 in)

Height
1,704 mm (67.1 in)

text: The third generation CR-V went on sale in the US in late September 2006 for the 2007 model year. Unlike preceding models it features a rear liftgate rather than a side-opening rear door and no longer has the spare tire mounted on the rear door.

text: The third generation CR-V was powered by Honda's standard K-series 2.4 L inline-four engine. In North American markets, this engine's power is rated at 166 hp (124 kW) at 5,800 rpm and 161 lb⋅ft (218 N⋅m) at 4,200 rpm.[10] A 2.2 L i-CTDI diesel engine was offered in the European and Asian markets. The European market CR-V had the R20A 2.0 L petrol engine, based on the Honda R-series i-VTEC SOHC engine found in the Honda Civic, as opposed to the previous CR-V offering the K20A.

text: Facelift[edit]

text: For the 2010 model year, the CR-V received style, powertrain, and equipment changes. Changes included a redesigned front fascia with a new horizontal-slat chrome grille and honeycomb-designed lower front grille, new front bumper, and revised taillights. The rear bumper was redesigned, as well as new five split-spoke 17-inch alloy wheels for EX and EX-L models. The interior received minor changes, including seat fabrics, as well as wider driver and front-passenger armrests. The audio head unit controls were altered and the information display backlighting in the gauges was changed to blue, instead of the previous black. A USB audio input became standard in the EX-L trim while hands-free Bluetooth connectivity was exclusive to the EX-L trim equipped with navigation system. In 2011, a mid-level SE trim debuted with a 6-disc CD changer and 17-inch 7-spoke alloy wheels that came from the pre-facelift EX and EX-L trims.

text: Fourth generation (2012–2018)[edit]

text:
Fourth generation (RM1, RM3, RM4)

Overview

Production

Nov 2011–2016
               2012-2017 (Worldwide)
               2012-2018 (International)

2012-present (extended production continues in some countries)

Model years

2012–2016 (North America and Japan)
            2013-2017(Worldwide)
            2013-2018(International)

2013-present (extended production continues in some countries)

Body and chassis

Related
Acura RDX
Honda Civic (ninth generation)

Dimensions

Wheelbase
103.1 in (2,619 mm)

Length
178.3 in (4,529 mm)

Width
71.6 in (1,819 mm)

Height
65.1 in (1,654 mm)

text: The CR-V Concept debuted at the Orange County International Auto Show in September 2011,[11] the production 2012 CR-V debuted at the 2011 Los Angeles Auto Show.[12] The CR-V went on sale in the U.S. on December 15, 2011.[13]

text: It is powered with a 2.4-liter i-VTEC inline-four engine puts out 185 hp and 163 pound-feet (220Nm ) of torque at 4,400 rpm along with an all-new Real-Time all-wheel-drive (AWD) with intelligent control system. All North American Honda CR-Vs come equipped with a 5-speed automatic transmission.[14]

text: Facelift[edit]

text: The facelifted 2015 model year CR-V went on sale during October 2014.[15] The CR-V uses the direct injected "Earth Dreams" engine and continuously variable transmission (CVT) transmission combination first introduced on the ninth generation Accord, EPA estimated fuel economy is improved +4/+3/+3 mpg (city/highway/combined). The structure has been modified to improve crash performance, particularly in the IIHS's small offset crash test. The suspension shock absorbers, springs, anti-roll bars and lower control arms are also revised to improve ride performance, while a reduced 15.6:1 steering gear ratio and larger brake booster gives it a sportier feel.

text: Fifth generation (2017–present)[edit]

text:
Fifth generation (RW1–RW6)

Overview

Production
Nov 2016–present

Model years
2017–present

Assembly
East Liberty, Ohio, United States (ELAP)
Greensburg, Indiana, United States (HMIN)
El Salto, Jalisco, Mexico (Honda Mexico)
Sayama, Saitama, Japan
Ping-Tung, Taiwan
Ayutthaya, Thailand (Honda Ayutthaya Plant)
Alliston, Ontario, Canada (HCM)
Alor Gajah, Melaka Malaysia
Swindon, England (HUKM)
Wuhan, China (Dongfeng Honda)
Greater Noida, India (Honda India)
Karawang, Indonesia (Honda Prospect Motor)

Body and chassis

Related
Acura CDX
Honda Civic (tenth generation)

Powertrain

Engine
2.4 L K24W I4
1.5 L L15B7 I4 (turbo)
2.0 L R20A I4
1.6 L I4 (turbo-diesel)

Transmission
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
9-speed ZF automatic (diesel)

Dimensions

Wheelbase
104.7 in (2,659 mm)[16]

Length
180.6 in (4,587 mm)

Width
73.0 in (1,854 mm)

Height
66.1 in (1,679 mm) (FWD)
66.5 in (1,689 mm) (AWD)

Curb weight
3307–3397 lbs (FWD)
3421–3512 lbs (AWD)

text: The fifth generation CR-V was unveiled in October 2016 in Detroit. Sales began on December 21, 2016 as a 2017 model year. In Europe is still the fourth generation being sold. It utilizes the same Honda compact global platform introduced on the 10th generation Civic.[17]

text: The base (LX) trim is powered by an Earth Dreams 2.4-liter I-4 engine with 184 hp (137 kW), premium trims are equipped with a 1.5-liter turbocharged I-4 with 190 hp (140 kW). The turbocharged engine delivers peak torque at 2,000rpm-5,000rpm[18] whereas the naturally-aspirated engine delivers its peak torque at 3,900rpm.[19]

text: The "Honda Sensing" package, which includes features like Adaptive Cruise Control with Low-Speed Follow (ACC), Collision Mitigation Braking (CMBS) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKAS), are standard on EX and above trims; the package was formerly reserved to the Touring trim prior to the 5th gen release. New safety features include Blind Spot Information (BSI) with Rear Cross Traffic Monitor (CTM), replacing the LaneWatch system from the previous generation CR-V, and Auto High Beam (HSS) headlights.[20]

text: LED daytime-running lights, 18" Alloy Wheels, and electronic parking brake with a new auto-hold feature, are now standard on EX and up trim levels. Additional, new features include a power lift-gate, active grille shutter system to reduce aerodynamic drag, Android Auto/Apple CarPlay on an updated 7-inch touch screen display with volume knob, 7-inch TFT instrument display and LED headlights.[21]

text: Honda began producing the CR-V at Greensburg, Indiana (HMIN) during February 2017.[22]

text: The fifth generation CR-V was also launched in Thailand on March 24, 2017, and in Indonesia on April 27, 2017 at the 25th Indonesia International Motor Show. Indonesian models went on sale on June 17, 2017. The ASEAN models (excluding Indonesia and Malaysia)[23] are available with a 1.6-liter Honda i-DTEC turbodiesel option (producing 160 horsepower and 350Nm of torque) paired to a ZF 9HP transversely-mounted 9-speed automatic transmission. The i-DTEC turbodiesel engine has been revised from having a single variable-nozzle turbocharger in the earlier version to having two turbochargers - one for low RPMs and the other for high RPMs - to minimize turbo lag. It uses an aluminum cylinder head paired to an open-deck cylinder block, with shorter and thinner piston skirts to reduce mechanical friction to levels comparable to a petrol engine. [24]

text: In the Philippines, the 1.6-liter i-DTEC diesel engine manages 120 PS and 300 Nm of torque.[25]

text: The CR-V Hybrid was unveiled at the 2017 Auto Shanghai in China during April 2017.

text: In Malaysia, four models are offered to the consumer which are:

text:
Honda CR-V 2.0 2WD SOHC i-VTEC
Honda CR-V 1.5 TC 2WD DOHC VTEC TURBO
Honda CR-V 1.5 TC 4WD DOHC VTEC TURBO
Honda CR-V 1.5 TC-P 2WD DOHC VTEC TURBO

text: Engines[edit]

text:
Engine
Horsepower
Torque

2.4L I4
184 hp (137 kW) @ 6,400 rpm
180 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) @ 3,900 rpm

1.5L I4 Turbo
190 hp (140 kW) @ 5,600 rpm
179 lb⋅ft (243 N⋅m) @ 2,200 rpm

2.0L I4
152 hp (113 kW) @ 6,500 rpm
139 lb⋅ft (188 N⋅m) @ 4,300 rpm

1.6L I4 Turbo Diesel
160 hp (120 kW) @ 4,000 rpm
258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2,000 rpm.

text: Safety[edit]

text:
NHTSA 2017 CR-V:[26][27]

Overall:

Frontal Driver:

Frontal Passenger:

Side Driver:

Side Passenger:

Side Pole Driver:

Rollover FWD:
 / 16.3%

Rollover AWD:
 / 16.2%

text: Sales[edit]

text:
US Sales of Honda CR-V

Calendar year
Sales

1997[28]

66,752

1998

100,582

1999[29]

120,754

2000

118,260

2001[30]

118,313

2002

146,266

2003[31]

143,909

2004

149,281

2005[32]

150,219

2006

170,028

2007[33]

219,160

2008

197,279

2009[34]

191,214

2010

203,714

2011[35]

218,373

2012

281,652

2013[36]

303,904

2014[37]

335,019

2015[38]

345,647

2016

357,335

2017

377,895