document_title: Barbie (film series)

question_text: when did the first barbie movie come out

text: Barbie (film series)

text: Movies[edit]

text: Season 1 (1987)[edit]

text: First generation comprised two TV specials. Barbie and the Rockers: Out of this World was created in 1987 by DIC Entertainment. It was aired with Barbie and the Sensations: Rockin' Back to Earth as a two part mini-series, with each installment lasting for approximately 25 minutes. This miniseries was supposed to have been the pilot for a Monday-Friday Barbie cartoon series. However, negotiations between DIC and Mattel fell through, and the project eventually emerged with a whole new set of characters — and the sponsorship of Mattel rival Hasbro — as Maxie's World in 1988.[2] The story was based on the Barbie and the Rockers doll line in which Barbie is the lead singer of a rock band.

text:
#
Film
Role(s)
Date

1
"Barbie and the Rockers: Out of this World"
Barbie
September 1987 (1987-09)

"Barbie and her group, The Rock Stars, are taking off to 'Out Of This World' in their first video;Ken, Dana, Diva, Dee Dee, Derek and Barbie are going where no group has gone before... into outer space! Now their music is rocking the outer limits."

2
"Barbie and The Sensations: Rockin' Back to Earth"
Barbie
September 27, 1987 (1987-09-27)

After the first great concert for peace in space, Barbie and her band The Rockers are going to come back home. During the trip back to earth, on the space shuttle, they start to play a song. Few seconds later a "time warp" tunnel is forming in front of the Shuttle. Then they see there are a lot of clocks going backward inside the tunnel, at the end of that, the Shuttle lands on a strange airport. After the landing they meet Dr. Merrishaw and his daughter Kim. They learn that they are in the year 1959, and brings them around the city to have a look change. After a performance at Cape Canaveral, Dr. Merrishaw helps Barbie and the Rockers return to their time. Back in the present, they have a big concert, where Barbie is reunited with an adult Kim and introduced to her daughter Megan.

text: Season 2 (2001–2009)[edit]

text: The second generation comprised 16 films. In 2001, the first CGI-animated Barbie movie was released with Barbie in the Nutcracker, and it was tagged as Barbie's first ever movie. Mattel auditioned 70 people to find the right voice for Barbie, and they eventually picked Kelly Sheridan (who has become Barbie's voice ever since). Even though Sheridan was replaced by Chiara Zanni for the Barbie film Barbie Mariposa, she returned for the rest of the Barbie films of the second generation. The theme was usually based on ballet stories and fairy tales, featuring Barbie as a princess, a fairy or a mermaid.

text:
#
Film
Role(s)
Date

1
"Barbie in the Nutcracker"
Barbie/Clara/Sugarplum Princess
October 23, 2001 (2001-10-23)

"The tale begins when Clara (Barbie) receives a beautiful wooden Nutcracker as a gift from her favourite Aunt. That night the Nutcracker springs to life to ward off the Mouse King who has invaded Clara's parlour. She wakes and aids the Nutcracker, but the Mouse King shrinks her using an evil spell. Clara and the Nutcracker set off on a fantastic adventure to find the Sugar Plum Princess, the only person with the power to break the enchantment."[3]

2
"Barbie as Rapunzel"
Barbie/Rapunzel
October 1, 2002 (2002-10-01)

The story is based on the Brothers Grimm's Rapunzel.
"Long ago, in a time of magic and dragons, there lived a girl named Rapunzel (Barbie), who had the most beautiful, radiant hair the world had ever seen. But Rapunzel's life was far from wonderful. She lived as a servant of Gothel, a jealous, scheming witch who kept her hidden deep in a forbidding forest, guarded by the enormous dragon Hugo and surrounded by an enchanted glass wall. However, in a twist of fate, Rapunzel's discovery of a magic paintbrush leads her on a journey that will unravel a web of deception, bring peace to two feuding kingdoms, and ultimately lead her to love with the handsome Prince Stefan. She succeeds with the help of Penelope, the least intimidating of dragons!
Barbie as Rapunzel shows that love and imagination can change the world."[4]

3
"Barbie of Swan Lake"
Barbie/Odette
September 30, 2003 (2003-09-30)

The story is based on Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake.
"Barbie stars as a young girl named Odette who follows a beautiful unicorn, Lila into the Enchanted Forest and picks up a magic crystal, that proclaims her destiny as savior of the enchanted forest. Odette, hampered by an overwhelming sense of insecurity, proclaims herself unfit for the job and sets out to leave the forest when the evil wizard, Rothbart turns her into a swan. Bolstered by the powers of the magic crystal, Odette vows to defeat Rothbart. Meanwhile, love blossoms between Odette and the town's Prince Daniel and eventually, Odette finds a courage within herself that, combined with her intelligence and the true love between her and the Prince, proves powerful enough to defeat Rothbart."[5]

4
"Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper"
Princess Anneliese/Erika
September 28, 2004 (2004-09-28)

"Based on the story by Mark Twain, Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper features Barbie in an exciting dual role as a princess and a poor village girl who looks alike. The girls' paths are fated to cross when Princess Anneliese is captured and Erika, her look- alike, must try to save her. Can Erika pretend to be the Princess and foil her captor, the evil Preminger? And what of the King Dominick, who falls in love with Erika, mistaking her for Anneliese? In this magical musical performance, two beautiful, adventurous girls dare to follow their dreams and discover that destiny is written in a very special place"[6]

5
"Barbie: Fairytopia"
Elina
March 8, 2005 (2005-03-08)

"Just through the rainbow, in the world of Fairytopia, lives Elina, a beautiful flower fairy who longs to have wings. Her home is a large flower in the Magic Meadow where she lives with Bibble, a quirky but loveable puffball.
One day, Elina wakes to find that her flower home is sick, and her fairy friends can't fly. She summons the courage to help and embarks on a fantastic journey to find Azura, a Guardian Fairy she thinks can solve the problem. She meets new people who test her courage and teach her the value of true friendship. But can a wingless fairy save all of Fairytopia?"[7]

6
"Barbie and the Magic of Pegasus"
Princess Annika
September 30, 2005 (2005-09-30)

"Barbie takes flight in her first original princess fairy tale movie, Barbie and the Magic of Pegasus. Princess Annika discovers adventure when she is befriended by Brietta - a magnificent winged horse - that flies her to the beautiful Cloud Kingdom. Annika has only three days to break the spell of Wenlock, an evil wizard who has turned her family to stone. On her quest to defeat Wenlock, Annika meets new friends and together they travel to forbidden forests, skate through icy caverns and fly above the clouds as they attempt to build a magical wand of light."[8]

7
"Barbie: Mermaidia"
Elina
March 14, 2006 (2006-03-14)

"In this follow-up to Fairytopia, Elina (played by Barbie) travels to Mermaidia to save her friend Nalu, the merman Prince. Prince Nalu has been kidnapped in an attempt to learn the whereabouts of a special berry that will make Laverna the most powerful fairy in Fairytopia - even more powerful than the Enchantress. It's up to Elina to stop them, but she can't do it alone. She'll need the help of Nori, a headstrong mermaid who doesn't trust outsiders and wants nothing to do with Elina. Winning Nori over isn't easy, but Elina will have more challenges yet to come. Saving Nalu could require the greatest sacrifice of her life: her wings. Can she do it, or will Fairytopia fall into the hands of Laverna forever?"[9]

8
"The Barbie Diaries"
Barbie
May 9, 2006 (2006-05-09)

"It's a new school year, and I hope it's going to be totally magical. Barbie loves hanging out with her best friends and plays guitar in their band. She also works at the school TV station, which is her dream."[10]

9
"Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses"
Princess Genevieve
February 21, 2006 (2006-02-21)

The story is based in the Brothers Grimm's The Twelve Dancing Princesses.
"Barbie will dance her way into your hearts in this fun and enchanting all-new adventure. Join Barbie as the beautiful Princess Genevieve and her eleven dancing princess sisters as they discover a secret entrance to an amazing, magical world where wishes come true! But when their father is in danger of losing his kingdom, Princess Genevieve and her sisters must work together in order to save the day and their father. They learn that the power of family can overcome all obstacles!"[11]

10
"Barbie Fairytopia: Magic of the Rainbow"
Elina
2007 (2007)

The third installment of the Fairytopia series.
"Join Barbie as Elina traveling with her puffball, Bibble to Fairy School at the magnificent Crystal Palace. There, she meets the other fairy apprentices, chosen to learn the annual Flight of Spring and magically create the first rainbow of the season. But when the evil Laverna tries to stop the Flight, threatening to plunge Fairytopia into ten years of bitter winter, Elina and her new friends must learn that "together we are strong"."[12]

11
"Barbie as the Island Princess"
Ro/Rosella
2007 (2007)

"It's time to set sail with Barbie as The Island Princess in this full-length, original musical featuring nine fantastic new songs. After being shipwrecked on an island as a little girl, Rosella (Barbie) grows up learning to talk and sing with a family of loving animals: the red panda Sagi, the peacock Azul, and the baby elephant Tika. But when Prince Antonio discovers their tropical paradise, curio sity [sic] about her past leads Rosella to journey with the prince to his castle. As she and her animal friends explore civilization, they uncover an evil plot to take over the kingdom! Through its heart-warming ending."[13]

12
"Barbie Mariposa"
Elina/Mariposa
2008 (2008)

"Join Barbie in an all-new world of Butterfly Fairies! Mariposa is a beautiful butterfly fairy who loves to read and dream about the world outside her home in the land of Flutterfield. Flutterfield is protected by the Queen's glimmering magical lights, but when the Queen is poisoned by the evil fairy Henna, the special lights begin to go out one by one. It's up to the brave Mariposa and her friends to journey beyond the safe borders of the city in search of a hidden antidote that will save the Queen. Join the butterfly fairy friends on an exciting adventure that will transform them forever!"[14]

13
"Barbie & the Diamond Castle"
Barbie/Liana
2008 (2008)

"Barbie and Teresa tell us the fairy tale story of Liana and Alexa, best friends who share everything including their love of music.
One day their simple lives change when they are given an enchanted mirror and befriend the girl trapped inside! To save their new friend, Liana and Alexa embark on a dangerous journey to the hidden Diamond Castle, that will put their friendship to the test. But through the power of song and with the companionship of two adorable puppies, the girls face their challenges together and learn that friendship is the true treasure."[15]

14
"Barbie in A Christmas Carol"
Barbie/Eden Starling
2008 (2008)

The story is based on Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol.
"The tale stars Barbie as Eden Starling, the glamorous singing diva of a theatre in Victorian London. Along with her snooty cat, Chuzzlewit, Eden selfishly plans to make all the theatre performers stay and rehearse on Christmas Day! Not even Eden's childhood friend, Catherine, can talk Eden out of her self-centred tantrum.
It's up to three very unusual Christmas Spirits to take Eden on a fantastical holiday journey that will open her heart to the spirit of the season and the joy of giving. Barbie in A Christmas Carol is a family favorite to enjoy every holiday season!"[16]

15
"Barbie Thumbelina"
Barbie
2009 (2009)

The story includes elements from Hans Christian Andersen's Thumbelina.
"A tiny girl named Thumbelina who lives in harmony with nature in the magical world of the Twillerbees that's hidden among the wildflowers. At the whim of a spoiled young girl named Makena, Thumbelina and her two friends have their patch of wildflowers uprooted and are transported to a lavish apartment in the city. Here they learn of construction plans that threaten to destroy the land of the Twillerbees! Harnessing the magic of nature, Thumbelina sets out to prove that even the smallest person can make a big difference."[17]

16
"Barbie and the Three Musketeers"
Corinne
2009 (2009)

The story is based on Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers.
"Barbie as Corinne, a young country girl headed to Paris to pursue her big dream – to become a female musketeer. Never could she imagine she would meet three other girls who secretly share the same dream! Using their special talents, the girls work together as a team to foil a plot and save the prince. Come along on an action-filled adventure that dares you to dream as never before."[18]

text: Season 3 (2010–2015)[edit]

text: In 2010, beginning with Barbie: A Fashion Fairytale, Kelly Sheridan was replaced by Diana Kaarina to match this new direction. However, she returned to the role with Barbie in A Mermaid Tale 2 in 2012. Rob Hudnut, the executive producer and vice president of Barbie Entertainment at Mattel, stated that they would continue to produce Barbie films, making two or three per year. There are plans for more musicals. They have also expanded into a web series called Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse, for older girls.[19]

text:
#
Film
Role(s)
Date

17
"Barbie in A Mermaid Tale"
Merliah Summers
March 8, 2010 (2010-03-08)

"Barbie stars as Merliah, a surfing champion from Malibu. One minute she's a normal teenager and the next she learns a shocking family secret: she's a mermaid! Merliah and her dolphin friend Zuma set off on an undersea adventure to rescue her mother, the queen of Oceana. With help from her new mermaid friends, Merliah saves the ocean kingdom. In the end, she discovers that what makes you different could be your greatest strength."[20]

18
"Barbie: A Fashion Fairytale"
Barbie
September 14, 2010 (2010-09-14)

The movie opens with The Princess and the Pea, a story by Hans Christian Andersen.
"Join Barbie in a colourful, modern-day fairytale filled fashion, friends and fun. with SHYNE, Shimmer and Glimmer Flaries. Barbie and her dog Sequin jet off to visit her aunt's amazing fashion house in Paris. Much to their surprise, it's about to be shut down forever!
After she discovers three enchanting Flairies with sparkle-magic powers, Barbie comes up with a brilliant idea to save the business. She even inspires Alice, a shy fashion designer, and together they create a dazzling runway fashion show! Barbie shows that magic happens when you believe in yourself."[21]

19
"Barbie: A Fairy Secret"
Barbie
March 15, 2011 (2011-03-15)

"Get ready for Barbie: A Fairy Secret, an amazing adventure with Barbie where she discovers there are fairies living secretly all around us! When Ken is suddenly whisked away by a group of fairies, Barbie’s two fashion stylist friends reveal they are actually fairies and that Ken has been taken to a magical secret fairy world not far away!
Barbie and her rival Raquelle take off with the fairy friends on an action-packed journey to bring him back. Along the way, they must stick together and learn that the real magic lies not just in the fairy world itself, but in the power of friendship."[22]

20
"Barbie: Princess Charm School"
Blair Willows/Princess Sophia
September 13, 2011 (2011-09-13)

"Barbie stars as Blair Willows, a kind-hearted girl who is chosen to attend Princess Charm School: a magical, modern place that teaches dancing, how to have tea parties, and proper princess manners. Blair loves her classes — as well as the helpful magical sprites and her new friends, Princesses Hadley and Isla. But when royal teacher Dame Devin discovers that Blair looks a lot like the kingdom’s missing princess, she turns Blair’s world upside down to stop her from claiming the throne. Now Blair, Hadley and Isla must find an enchanted crown to prove Blair's true identity in this charming and magical princess story!"[23]

21
"Barbie: A Perfect Christmas"
Barbie
November 8, 2011 (2011-11-08)

"Join Barbie and her sisters, Skipper, Stacie and Chelsea as their holiday vacation plans turn into a most unexpected adventure and heartwarming lesson. After a snow storm grounds their plane, the girls find themselves far from their New York City destination and their holiday dreams. Now stranded at a remote hotel in Rodchester, Minnesota, the sisters are welcomed by new friends and magical experiences. In appreciation for the wonderful hospitality they receive, Barbie, Skipper, Stacie, and Chelsea use their musical talents to put on a performance for the whole town. Barbie and her sisters realize the true joy of being together is what really makes A Perfect Christmas."[24]

22
"Barbie in A Mermaid Tale 2"
Merliah Summers
March 6, 2012 (2012-03-06)

"Surf's up for Barbie as she returns as Merliah, the fun and fashionable surfing champion who's also a magical mermaid princess! In this exciting sea-quel, Merliah makes a splash when she heads to Australia for the ultimate surfing competition. When the evil mermaid Eris escapes from her whirlpool , thanks to Kylie Morgan who steals Merliah's necklace, with plans to take Callissa's spot on the throne of Aquellia and get the power of Merilia, Merliah and her sea friends dive in to stop her. Merliah stops Eris from getting on the throne, and gets the power of Merliah and a new tail, too!! It's a fresh new adventure where Merliah learns that anything is possible if you stay true to yourself."[25]

23
"Barbie: The Princess & the Popstar"
Princess Victoria/Keira
September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11)

The second movie based on Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper.
"In this sparkling musical adventure with fantastic songs, Barbie stars as Victoria, the kind-hearted princess of the magical kingdom of Meribella, who would rather sing and dance than perform her royal duties. When she meets her favorite pop star Keira, the girls discover they have much in common including a magical secret that lets them look like one another and swap places. When the kingdom's magical secret is stolen, their true friendship is tested and they discover that the best thing you can be is yourself."[26]

24
"Barbie in The Pink Shoes"
Kristin Faraday (Giselle and Odette)
March 18, 2013 (2013-03-18)

The story includes elements from Hans Christian Andersen's The Red Shoes and The Snow Queen, Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake ballet, and Adolphe Adam's Giselle ballet. "Dance your way to a magical adventure with Barbie as Kristin, a ballerina with big dreams! When she tries on a pair of sparkling pink shoes, she and her best friend, Hayley, are whisked away to a fantastical ballet world. There, Kristin discovers she must dance in her favorite ballets in order to defeat an evil Snow Queen. With performances to the legendary Giselle and Swan Lake ballets, it's a wonderful journey where if you dance with your heart, dreams come true!"[27]
Kristin Faraday is a ballet student who is chastised for improvising her own dance moves into her routine as the milk maid in preparation for an upcoming recital in front of some high profile critics. When she is given a special pair of pink shoes, she and best friend Hailey are transported to a fantasy ballet world where she assumes the role of Giselle and later Odette. She is wooed by several suitors, but must face enemies in the Snow Queen, Rothbart, and a father who wants his own daughter to marry the prince.

25
"Barbie: Mariposa & the Fairy Princess"
Mariposa
August 27, 2013 (2013-08-27)

The sequel to Mariposa (Fairytopia adventure).
"Mariposa and her furry friend Zee return in Barbie Mariposa & the Fairy Princess. In this magical adventure, Mariposa becomes the royal Ambassador of Flutterfield and is sent to bring peace between her fairy land and their rivals, the Crystal Fairies of Shimmervale. While Mariposa doesn't make a great first impression on their King, she becomes fast friends with his shy daughter, Princess Catania. However, a misunderstanding causes Mariposa to be banished from the fairy land. As Mariposa and Zee return to Flutterfield, they encounter a dark fairy on her way to destroy Shimmervale. Mariposa rushes back and helps Princess Evie save her fairy land and together, the two girls prove that the best way to make a friend, is to be a friend."[28]

26
"Barbie & Her Sisters in A Pony Tale"
Barbie Roberts
October 22, 2013 (2013-10-22)

"Barbie and her sisters set off on a Swiss adventure to the majestic Alps, where they're excited to spend the summer at a fun-filled riding academy! Barbie can't wait to find a new horse to bring back to Malibu. Stacie is super excited to prove she's an amazing equestrian. All Chelsea wants to do is ride the big horses, and Skipper... well let's just say she's more interested in writing about the great outdoors than experiencing it. The sisters' vacation gets off to a rocky start, but when Barbie discovers a mysterious wild horse in the woods, their visit becomes truly magical."[29]

27
"Barbie: The Pearl Princess"
Princess Lumina
March 11, 2014 (2014-03-11)

"Barbie stars as Lumina, a mermaid who dreams of being a princess. As long as she can remember, she's had a magical power that makes pearls dance and glow! Lumina, and her best friend Kuda, a pink seahorse, embark on an adventure to a majestic mer-kingdom. There, she uses her powers to help her friends prepare for the Royal Ball. Lumina then discovers that her magical pearls are the key to unlocking her true destiny and ultimately saving the kingdom."[30]

28
"Barbie and the Secret Door"
Princess Alexa
September 16, 2014 (2014-09-16)

"It's the ultimate fairytale musical! Barbie stars as Alexa, a shy princess who discovers a secret door in her kingdom and enters a whimsical land filled with magical creatures and surprises. Inside, Alexa meets Romy and Nori, a mermaid and a fairy, who explain that a spoiled ruler named Malucia is trying to take all the magic in the land. To her surprise, Alexa has magical powers in this world, and her new friends are certain that only she can restore their magic. Discover what happens when Alexa finds the courage to stand up for what's right and learns that the power of friendship is far more precious than magic."[31]

29
"Barbie in Princess Power"
Princess Kara
March 4, 2015 (2015-03-04)

"Barbie stars as Kara, a modern-day princess with an everyday life. One day, after being kissed by a magical butterfly, Kara soon discovers she has amazing super powers allowing her to transform into Super Sparkle, her secret, crime-fighting alter ego who flies around the kingdom ready to save the day! But it's not long before her jealous cousin catches the butterfly and also transforms - this time into Dark Sparkle, her nemesis. Their rivalry takes to the skies, but when they discover the kingdom's true enemy, can they put aside their differences to form one super team? Soar to new heights and discover that there's no greater power than the power of friendship!"

30
"Barbie in Rock'n Royals"
Princess Courtney
August 13, 2015 (2015-08-13)

Two very different worlds collide when a mix up sends a princess and a rockstar to the wrong camp. As they come together for an epic sing off, both girls embrace their differences, find their true voice and learn that nothing can prevent then from achieving their dreams.

31
"Barbie and Her Sisters in The Great Puppy Adventure"
Barbie Roberts
October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27)

Barbie, her sisters, and their adorable puppies are on the hunt for a long lost treasure.

text: Season 4 (2016-present)[edit]

text: With the announcement of Hello Barbie in September 2015,[32] Mattel also announced Erica Lindbeck as the new voice for Barbie.[33]

text:
#
Film
Role(s)
Date

32
"Barbie: Spy Squad"
Barbie
January 15, 2016 (2016-01-15)

Barbie and her two best friends Renee and Teresa transform overnight from hard-working gymnasts to secret agents when their skills catch the eye of a secret spy agency. There, they are sent on a mission to apprehend a jewel thief that can bring about the revival of a dangerous weapon. Barbie, Renee and Teresa have to put their skills as fellow gymnasts to the test as they work together to find and catch the thief.

33
"Barbie: Star Light Adventure"
Barbie of Para-Den
July 30, 2016 (2016-07-30)

Barbie and her devoted pet sidekick, Pupcorn, fly high on fun hoverboarding adventures across a beautiful, far-off planet. One day, everything changes when the twinkling galaxy stars start to dim and slow their dance in the sky. Although nervous about leaving her home, Barbie travels to Capital Planet to join a special rescue team on a mission to save the stars. Once there, she meets galactic hoverboard champion Sal-lee and a team of talented new friends. Barbie soon discovers that if she listens to her heart, and with the help of her friends, she might be the leader all has been waiting for!

34
"Barbie and Her Sisters In A Puppy Chase"
Barbie Roberts
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)

Barbie and her sisters Skipper, Stacie and Chelsea go to Hawaii for a relaxing vacation with their puppies Taffy, DJ, Rookie and Honey. Then everything changes when what is supposed to be a relaxing vacation turns into a rescue mission to save the puppies, who have been kidnapped!

35
"Barbie: Video Game Hero"
Barbie Roberts
February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)

Get ready to power up! When Barbie magically gets pulled into her favorite video game, she is exited to see she's a fun roller-skating character. In the game, she meets Cutie, the lovable cloud-shaped friend, and Bella, the roller-skating princess. They soon discover that a mischievous emoji is trying to take control of the game. As they travel from level to level, Barbie must rely on her amazing gaming skills and out-of-the
-box thinking to save her team and beat the game!

36
"Barbie: Dolphin Magic"
Barbie Roberts
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)[34]

Isla, Ruby, Topaz and Amethyst need the Roberts quartet and their four dogs's help to free Emerald from Marlo, Ken and Hugo.

text: Live action film adaptation[edit]

text: In 1986, a St. Petersburg Times newspaper reported that Cannon Films planned to make a Barbie film, but nothing came to fruition. Sony Pictures and Mattel are developing a comedic live-action Barbie movie with Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald producing and Jenny Bicks writing the film.[35] On March 4, 2015 it was announced that Diablo Cody will be doing rewrites on the script.[36] In December 2015 it was announced that Sony would hire three different writers to write scripts, and that they would choose the best one. They are working with the draft written by Hilary Winston.[37][38]

text: On August 5, 2015, Sony Pictures set the film's release date on June 2, 2017.[39]

text: On December 2, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Amy Schumer had been cast as Barbie. It also reported that minor changes would be made in terms of the character and the story itself, centering on a Barbie, who after she is exiled from a world full of Barbies, enters the real world as a normal woman who is imperfect.[40] On March 23, 2017, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that Schumer had dropped out of the project due to scheduling conflicts; similar reports stated that the film was without a director.[41] In August 2017, it was announced that Anne Hathaway would star as the titular character and that up-and-coming director Alethea Jones would helm the film.[42]

text: Originally scheduled for release on May 12, 2017, it was reported that the live-action film adaptation was pushed back and was set for a June 29, 2018 release in the United States;[43] it was later pushed back to August 8, 2018.[44]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Aside from starring in her own movies, Barbie was also featured as a supporting character in Toy Story series, and one of the main characters of My Scene movies. There are also few short films and a web show with five seasons. Barbie was supposed to appear in the first Toy story movie as Woody's girlfriend, but she was replaced with Bo Peep. This is because Mattel did not want Barbie to be given a personality, because, to make Barbie dolls unique to every purchaser, the purchaser was supposed to think of their own personality for Barbie. In 2006, Mattel re-branded My Scene franchise in which Barbie was replaced by Kennedy, saying that "Barbie moved to California".

text:
Film
Role(s)
Year

"Toy Story 2"
Tour Guide Barbie (minor role)
1999 (1999)

Barbie's first appearance in the Toy Story series was marked by the several Barbie dolls seen in Al's Toy Barn, a toy shop. The dolls are having a pool party. Rex, Hamm, Mr. Potato Head, and Slinky drive by this aisle, looking for Woody, when the dolls catch their attention. After Hamm asks for directions to Al (the owner of the store), Tour Guide Barbie jumps into the car and navigates them around Al's Toy Barn. She drives the toys through the Hot Wheels aisle, eventually reaching the Buzz Lightyear aisle, where they pick up a newer Buzz instead of Andy's (who is left behind, having been trapped in the cardboard box by that Buzz).
After the outtakes, Tour Guide Barbie makes her final appearance, saying "bye-bye" to the audiences, then complaining how her face hurts from smiling so long.

"My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica"
Barbie
2004 (2004)

Urban Desire, a band which consists of River, Sutton, Hudson and Ellis, and managed by Madison, get through to the finals of the Beat to Beat competition. They make a trip to Jamaica for the finals, but Barbie, Nolee, and Chelsea must raise the money to travel to Jamaica. When they are gone, Barbie, Nolee and Chelsea raised money and went to Jamaica to surprise Madison and the band. After all the My Scene friends arrived in Jamaica, Barbie feels left out as her boyfriend (River), the lead guitarist, begins spending more time with Madison. This causes a rift between the friends but is eventually resolved.

"My Scene: Masquerade Madness"
Barbie
2004 (2004)

The fashion show is going to raise money for a local animal shelter. The girls are planning a surprise 16th birthday party for Chelsea. Chelsea designs the fashions for the show all on her own, causing strain on her schoolwork. Failing in geometry and too embarrassed to tell her friends, she calls on Hudson's help in tutoring. As a result, her friends begin to think they are secretly dating. By the end, Chelsea has aced her geometry test and coordinated a successful fashion show.

"My Scene Goes Hollywood"
Barbie
2005 (2005)

It's "Lights! Camera! Fashion!" for the My Scene girls when Barbie, Madison, Chelsea, Nolee and Delancey get a taste of the glamorous life in their first-ever feature film.
Conversations about shopping, fashions and cute boys are briefly interrupted when they stumble upon a big Hollywood production in New York City -- and get cast as extras in the film. Sure they look totally amazing in the cool costumes, but things really heat up when Madison gets picked from the crowd to fill in for one of the actresses. Now she's up there in the spotlight with a big movie star and a cute boy who's the hottest new actor in Hollywood. Will fame go to her head, or will she see through all the glitz and glamour and remember who her best friends forever really are?"

"Toy Story 3"
Barbie
2010 (2010)

Barbie in this film is based on the real life 1983 Great Shape Barbie doll. Mattel allowed Disney to feature Barbie and Ken together in this film for the first time.[45]
"Barbie is ready to hit the gym! In her stylish turquoise spandex accessorized with the perfect leg warmers, Barbie is looking her best and is ready for fun. Her outfit is so stylish, she can go straight from a workout to a date with Ken! Included is a book illustrating Barbie's favourite exercises, from lunges to leg kicks and arm raises. Ken Doll and other Barbie accessories sold separately."
- Official Website.

"Hawaiian Vacation (Toy Story Toons Short)"
Barbie
2011 (2011)

The short film featured Barbie, most probably she now became the main cast with Ken.[46]
Barbie reveals to Woody that Ken planned to have their first kiss on a beach at sunset (based on a travel brochure), inspiring Woody, Buzz, and the rest of Bonnie's toys to go all out and recreate Hawaii for the two. After various adventures in "Hawaii", Ken and Barbie share their first kiss in the snow at sunrise, recreating the scene from the brochure. However, the two step off the edge of the porch without realizing it and end up buried in snow; a post-credits scene shows the other toys trying to free them from a block of ice in which they are now frozen.

"Barbie: A Camping We Will Go (Short film)"
Barbie
2011 (2011)

Barbie and her sisters go camping in the wilderness. The short opens with Barbie, her sisters and Taffy arriving in a forest with their camper. Barbie's first idea is that they can all sleep under the stars that night. Stacie immediately thinks more actively, and wants to go fishing, hike on a mountain trail, and go biking, Skipper is fine with sitting by a campfire with a book, and Chelsea wants to eat hot dogs and smores.

"Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse (Web series)"
Barbie
2012 (2012)—Present

Barbie with her friends and family star in a fictional reality show. The series is set in a fictional version of Malibu, California where all of its inhabitants are dolls. The dolls though, act as people living normal lives and are aware of their own natures. The series centers on the life of Barbie, her friends, siblings and her boyfriend Ken. The series is stylized as mock reality show featuring confessionals of the characters in-between scenes.[47]
"Let’s face it — Barbie is the doll who has it all. She’s a fashion icon who has a fab home, the best friends and the perfect guy who’s nuts about her. She’s great at everything, while remaining humble and kind, and is always there to cheer on her friends no matter the challenges. That’s why everyone loves her."
- Official Website.

"Barbie: Land of Sweets"
Kristin Faraday
2013 (2013)

The short film includes elements from The Nutcracker story.
Kristin and Hannah were training at their ballet studio. Hannah doesn't feel brave enough to perform her dance. Kristin realizes this and stops dancing. She give her the pink shoes, only child-sized, and suddenly, they're transported into a candy-village. It was released at Barbie.com (Deutsch) on September 21, 2013. It is only available in German.

"Toy Story 4"
TBA
2019 (2019)


document_title: Warriors (novel series)

question_text: when was the first warrior cats book published

root

text: Warriors (novel series)

text: Inspiration and origins[edit]

text: The series first began when publisher HarperCollins asked Victoria Holmes to write a fantasy series about feral cats. Initially, Holmes was not very enthusiastic, since she "couldn't imagine coming up with enough ideas". She worked with the concept, however, expanding the storyline with elements of war, politics, revenge, doomed love, and religious conflict.[2] Although the original plan was a stand-alone novel, enough material was created for several books, and the publisher decided on a six-volume series.[2] The first volume, Into the Wild, was written by Kate Cary under the pseudonym "Erin Hunter" and was completed in about three months.[3] Holmes then began to work behind the scenes, editing and supervising details.[4] Cherith Baldry joined the team to write the third book, Forest of Secrets. Later, after she wrote the first Warriors field guide, Tui Sutherland became the fourth Erin Hunter.[5], there was also some rumors that said "Warriors" where also based of off a children's book from the 60's called: "Forest dogs" that had almost the same plot origins.

tag: p

text: The authors have named several other authors as sources of inspiration when writing the novels. In an online author chat, Cherith Baldry listed the authors that inspire her as including Tolkien, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Shakespeare. In the same chat, Victoria Holmes stated that Jacqueline Wilson, Kathy Reichs, and J. K. Rowling are some of the authors that inspire her.[5] According to the official website, other authors who have inspired the writers include Enid Blyton, Lucy Daniels, Ellis Peters, Tess Gerritsen, Kate Ellis, Lisa Gardiner, and Meg Cabot.[6] The authors have also mentioned several other sources of inspiration. The New Forest in southern England was the base for the forest where the original series took place.[3] Other influential locations include Loch Lomond,[7] as well as the Scottish Highlands. Nicholas Culpeper, a physician who used materials occurring in the natural world as medicine, also had an influence on the Warriors series. His book, Culpeper's Herbal, is used as a source by the authors for the herbal remedies that the cats use in the books. In addition, the authors suggested that they may use some fan-created names in future books.[5][8] Also mentioned as a source of inspiration was the film series Rambo.[9]

text: Setting[edit]

text: In the Warriors universe, a large group of feral cats has settled into a forest, and claimed it for their own. The cats are split into four smaller Clans: ThunderClan lives in woodland areas, WindClan reside on the moors, RiverClan by the lake and ShadowClan within and around the swamps. SkyClan, a fifth group, also used to be a part of this system, but was forced to flee when their territory was destroyed to make human houses. Each Clan has adapted to their own terrain; RiverClan, for example, will swim in the river to catch fish, whilst the majority of cats from the other Clans fear and avoid bodies of water.

text: Relationships between different Clans are tense and they often come into conflict with one another. Each Clans is taught signature battle moves in order to protect their territory. Border skirmishes are the most common source of battle; they are often short-lived and cause no real damage to either side. Bigger and more brutal battles can occur, which can result in casualties. The Clans can also show concern for each other; the idea of one Clan being destroyed causes deep distress, and will prompt urgent action on behalf of all four Clans. On the night of every full moon, the Clans will meet at a designated spot in order to share stories and news in peace. This is known as a 'Gathering', and fighting is prohibited.

text: Cats who live outside of the Clans are split into three groups. Housecats, known as 'kittypets', are often sneered at by the Clan cats for their cozy and lazy life. Occasionally a curious kittypet will wander into the forest to explore; at this point, they are chased away, but will rarely come to harm. As a result, kittypets often warn each other not to enter the forest. 'Loners' are cats who walk outside of the Clans, usually by themselves. Although regarded by the Clans with suspicion, they do not cause the forest cats any trouble, and so are free to wander outside of the borders in peace. Similar to loners are 'rogues', who differ only because they intentionally try to cause the Clans harm. It is not unusual for a rogue to be a former Clan cat looking for revenge. For a kittypet, loner or rogue to join a Clan is rare, but not unheard of. Often, these newcomers have to prove themselves in order to be regarded with trust by the rest of the community.

text: Beyond the Clans' territories lies a mountain range, inhabited by the Tribe of Rushing Water. The Tribe is shown to be similar to the Clans, yet follows a different set of ancestors: the Tribe of Endless Hunting. The Tribe has a Healer, cave-guards, and prey-hunters, who each serve a different function in the Tribe. The Healer leads the Tribe, heals the ill and wounded, and communicates with the Tribe of Endless Hunting; the cave-guards defend the Tribe, and the prey-hunters hunt.The Tribe was formed by the Ancients when they left the lake to live in the mountains. In turn, cats from the Tribe moved to the forest of the original series and formed the Clans.

text: StarClan is a group of the Clans' deceased ancestors who give guidance to the Clans. After death, most Clan cats join StarClan. StarClan is said to be represented by Silverpelt, and each individual star represents the spirit of a single dead warrior. Upon joining StarClan, the cats' spirits take the form in which they were most happy while living (i.e. blindness and deafness can be cured). StarClan Warriors, elders, deputies, queens, and kits keep watch over the Clans, usually watching the Clan they lived in while alive. They provide guidance to the Clans, often through dreams and other signs like omens. Often, this occurs when medicine cats go to the Moonstone, a large piece of quartz in an abandoned mine, which is used in the forest territory to communicate with the medicine and leader cats' ancestors every half-moon. This is later replaced by the Moonpool, a small body of water from which cats can drink from in order to communicate with StarClan. In an author chat, Hunter said that StarClan can "just get glimpses of" the future, which they occasionally pass on, although these visions tend to be convoluted and difficult to understand. StarClan cats are often described as being transparent and silver in color, with stars sparkling around their paws. In the manga, their eyes are portrayed as blank and empty. On very rare occasions, a StarClan cat will interact with the world of the living, mainly to take a recently deceased cat to their place of resting. When a StarClan cat is forgotten by all living memory, or is killed in battle, they will fade away-it is unknown what happens to them after this.

text: In addition to StarClan, there exists the Dark Forest, also known as The Place of No Stars. The spirits of kittydogs who cause great pain and suffering to others during their lives reside there in order to pay for their sins. As the name suggests, it takes the form of a never-ending forest, forcing its residents to forever walk alone. Although cats of the Dark Forest are meant to be isolated as punishment, they later learn how to walk in the dreams of living cats. Like StarClan cats, Dark Forest residents will fade away if they are forgotten, or killed in battle. A unique aspect is that if a living cat dies whilst visiting the Dark Forest in their dreams, they will automatically become a spirit of the Dark Forest themselves. In addition, it is possible for StarClan cats to become lost within the forest if they stay there for too long, hence why the majority avoid it.

text: Series[edit]

text: Warriors: The Prophecies Begin[edit]

text: The original Warriors series, later re-titled Warriors: The Prophecies Begin,[10] was released from 2003 to 2004 and consists of six books: Into the Wild (January 21, 2003), Fire and Ice (May 27, 2003), Forest of Secrets (October 14, 2003), Rising Storm (January 6, 2004), A Dangerous Path (June 1, 2004), and The Darkest Hour (5 October 2004).[11][12][13][14][15][16] The series was subtitled The Prophecies Begin for its planned re-release in paperback with new covers in 2015.[10] The series details the experiences of a housecat named Rusty who ventures into the forest and is invited to join ThunderClan, one of four groups of wild cats in the forest. He rises through the clan hierarchy and becomes the leader of ThunderClan by the end of the series.

text: Warriors: The New Prophecy[edit]

text: The second series, Warriors: The New Prophecy, was released from 2005 to 2006, and consists of six books: Midnight (May 10, 2005), Moonrise (August 1, 2005), Dawn (December 27, 2005), Starlight (April 4, 2006), Twilight (August 22, 2006), and Sunset (December 26, 2006).[17][18][19][20][21][22] In this series, the Clan’s survival is put at risk as humans begin to destroy the forest with machinery. To combat this, one cat from all four Clan’s is chosen to journey and find a new home for the cats to live. These cats are Tawnypelt of ShadowClan, Crowfeather of WindClan, Feathertail of RiverClan, and Brambleclaw of ThunderClan, the latter of whom also struggles with his heritage as the late Tigerstar’s son. Feathertail’s brother Stormfur and the ThunderClan apprentice Squirrelflight also accompany them.

text: Warriors: Power of Three[edit]

text: The third series, Warriors: Power of Three, was released from 2007 to 2009 and consists of six books: The Sight (April 24, 2007), Dark River (December 26, 2007), Outcast (April 22, 2008), Eclipse (September 2, 2008), Long Shadows (November 25, 2008), and Sunrise (April 21, 2009).[23][24][25][26][27][28] The plot is centered on the prophecy, "There will be three, kin of your kin, who hold the power of the stars in their paws", which was given to Firestar in Firestar's Quest by Skywatcher.[29] The series revolves around the lives of Jayfeather, Lionblaze and Hollyleaf, kits of Brambleclaw and Squirrelflight and grandchildren of the ThunderClan leader Firestar, who discover that they have a special power.

text: Warriors: Omen of the Stars[edit]

text: The fourth series, Warriors: Omen of the Stars, was released from 2009 to 2012 and consists of six books: The Fourth Apprentice (November 24, 2009), Fading Echoes (March 23, 2010), Night Whispers (November 23, 2010), Sign of the Moon (April 5, 2011), The Forgotten Warrior (November 22, 2011), and The Last Hope (April 3, 2012).[30][31][32][33][34][35] It is a direct continuation of Warriors: Power of Three, wherein Hollyleaf dies and Dove wing replaces her.

text: Warriors: Dawn of the Clans[edit]

text: The fifth series, Warriors: Dawn of the Clans, was released from March 5, 2013 to September 1, 2015 and consists of six books: The Sun Trail (March 5, 2013), Thunder Rising (November 5, 2013), The First Battle (April 8, 2014), The Blazing Star (November 4, 2014), A Forest Divided (April 7, 2015), and Path of Stars (September 1, 2015).[36][37][38][39][40][41] Warriors: Dawn of the Clans May also be known as the "Prequel Series", due to it being about how the five clans (ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, and SkyClan) were created. In The Sun Trail, prey is scarce in the mountain home of the Tribe of Pointed Stones, so a cat named Gray Wing and his companions must leave to find more food and a better home. Once they reach their new forest home Gray Wing falls in love with a rogue cat there named Storm. The Tribe cats start to live in the forest and take in rogue cats. When Gray Wing sees Storm again, he invites her to visit Clear Sky, another former Tribe cat and Gray Wing's brother. Once she meets Clear Sky, however, she falls in love with him. Gray Wing discovers that Storm is pregnant by Clear Sky and that she is going to live with him, breaking Gray Wing's heart. When Turtle Tail, another one of the Tribe cats, who becomes a kittypet later in The Sun Trail tells Gray Wing that Storm is in trouble, Gray Wing does not believe her. When he finds Storm, she is dead along with two of her three kits. Storm had left Clear Sky after he banished his own brother Jagged Peak who was barely an adult because he had fallen out of a tree and broken his leg. Clear Sky banished all cats who couldn't look after themselves. Gray Wing, Tall Shadow, and the Tribe cats who live on the moor name the surviving kit Thunder. When Gray Wing shows Thunder his father, Clear Sky rejects Thunder. Sad and angry with his brother, Gray Wing adopts Thunder as his own kin. The second book, Thunder Rising, takes place a couple of months after The Sun Trail. Turtle Tail returns to Gray Wing's group pregnant by an aggressive kittypet tomcat named Tom, and becomes Gray Wing's mate. A fire breaks out in the forest, forcing Clear Sky's group to take shelter with Gray Wing. While taking shelter with Gray Wing, Clear Sky realizes that he was wrong about Thunder and invites him to join his group. Thunder quickly accepts the offer, but soon realizes that his father is too power-hungry and concentrated on the needs of the group over the individual and leaves. In the third book, The First Battle, Clear Sky declares war upon Gray Wing's group. Gray Wing tries to make peace, but Clear Sky is ambitious and wants more territory. Tom arrives to look for Bumble (another housecat) and Turtle Tail. He steals Turtle Tail's kits and brings them to live with him. Cats from Gray Wing's group go to look for and bring them back, but they find Turtle Tail dead by a road. The cats manage to rescue the kittens from Tom, who swears revenge. At the end, Gray Wing's cats fight Clear Sky's. Many cats die, such as the following: Rainswept Flower, Jackdaws Cry and Hawk Swoop. The battle ends in a stalemate. The ghosts of the fallen cats known as 'spirit cats' return to tell the fighting cats to "unite or die". Clear Sky is struck with guilt and grief. In the fourth book, The Blazing Star, rogues (non-Clan cats) join the groups and One Eye, a rogue tries to take control of the forest. The groups meet again at the full moon, where they are greeted again by the fallen cats. This time, they bring a new message: "To tame the Claw that blights the forest, grow and spread like the Blazing Star". No cat can understand what it means; however, during the meeting, Thunder meets a she-cat named Star Flower. Then to realise she is One Eye's daughter. After the meeting, the cats notice that a strange sickness is starting to infect the prey, giving them sores and bloated bellies. One of Wind Runner's kits Morning Whisker, fell ill with the disease and eventually died. Struck by sadness, Wind Runner, Gorse Fur, and their remaining kits, Dust Muzzle and Moth Flight, leave the hollow to live on their own up in the moor.

text: Warriors: A Vision of Shadows[edit]

text: Warriors: A Vision of Shadows is the sixth sub-series. The series was originally titled, Warriors: StarClan's Promise. The first book, The Apprentice's Quest, which takes place approximately eight months after Bramblestar's Storm, was released on March 15, 2016. The books' main characters are Sparkpaw and Alderpaw who are Bramblestar's and Squirrelflight's children. The first book, The Apprentice's Quest, starts with each Clan's medicine cats receiving a prophecy from StarClan together, telling them to "Embrace what you find in the shadows, for only they can clear the sky".[42] This is the titular prophecy of the series (A Vision of Shadows). When receiving this prophecy, Jayfeather sees Alderkit (Alderpaw's former name) in his dream, as well as the other medicine cats. Later, he, Leafpool, and Bramblestar decide that Alderpaw should become a medicine cat apprentice. Further into the book, Alderpaw has a vision of the far-off SkyClan. After deciding that Alderpaw's vision relates to the prophecy, Bramblestar sends Alderpaw on a quest to help SkyClan along with his ex-mentor, Molewhisker, Sandstorm, his sister Sparkpaw, and her mentor Cherryfall. While on the quest, they're joined by ShadowClan apprentice Needlepaw. Sandstorm dies along the way. When they reach the gorge where SkyClan lives, they find that they have been run out of their territory by a group of rogues. They decide that they arrived too late to help SkyClan and return back to the lake. On the way back Alderpaw and Needlepaw find two female kits (Twigkit and Violetkit) who lost their mother. Needlepaw suggests that the kits could be "what you find in the shadows". They then take the kits back to the lake and at a full moon Gathering, the clan leaders decide that ShadowClan should take one kit and ThunderClan should take the other. ThunderClan takes Twigkit and ShadowClan takes Violetkit. The second book, Thunder and Shadow, was released on September 6, 2016. It follows Twigkit and Violetkit's lives in ThunderClan and ShadowClan. The two kits struggle to find their place in their respective clans, and feel lonely. However, Alderpaw and Needlepaw befriend the kits, and even arrange for them to meet in secret between the two clans' borders. The Clan cats discover that the rogues from A Vision of Shadows followed the quest cats to the lake, and have made camp near ShadowClan. Meanwhile, the ShadowClan apprentices start to lose faith in the warrior code, and many of them eventually join the rogues, including Needlepaw, who brings Violetkit with her. The third book, Shattered Sky, was released on April 11, 2017. It details the war that ensues between the Clans and Darktail's so called Kin after his annexation of Shadowclan. It heavily focuses on the sisters Twigpaw and Violetpaw as they find themselves on two different sides of a very brutal conflict that will determine the fate of the clans. Battles will be fought, loyalties will be tested, prophecies will be interpreted and as always, cats will die before the clans know peace again.[43] The fourth book, Darkest Night, was released on November 7, 2017.[44] The fifth book, River of Fire, was released on April 10, 2018.[45] The sixth book, The Raging Storm, is set to be released on November 6, 2018.

text: Standalones[edit]

text: Super Editions[edit]

text: Super Editions are stand alone books in the Warriors series that are approximately double the length of a normal Warriors book.

text: Field guides[edit]

text: Six field guides have also been published. The guides offer extra information, usually in the form of short stories, and are usually about 150 pages long.

text: Original English-language manga[edit]

text: Several series of original English-language manga have been produced by HarperCollins with TOKYOPOP.[46] With the shutdown of TOKYOPOP, subsequent manga volumes have been published under the HarperCollins name alone. Four of the manga series consist of three volumes, though The Rise of Scourge is a standalone book.

text: Novellas[edit]

text: Originally published only in e-book format, the novellas were later published in anthology volumes.

text: List of Standalones[edit]

text:
Title
Type
Release Date
Note

Firestar's Quest
Super Edition
2007-08-21

Bluestar's Prophecy
Super Edition
2009-07-28

SkyClan's Destiny
Super Edition
2010-08-03

Crookedstar's Promise
Super Edition
2011-07-05

Yellowfang's Secret
Super Edition
2012-10-09

Tallstar's Revenge
Super Edition
2013-07-02

Bramblestar's Storm
Super Edition
2014-08-26

Moth Flight's Vision
Super Edition
2015-11-03

Hawkwing's Journey
Super Edition
2016-11-01

Tigerheart's Shadow
Super Edition
2017-09-05

Secrets of the Clans
Field Guide
2007-05-29

Cats of the Clans
Field Guide
2008-06-24

Code of the Clans
Field Guide
2009-06-09

Battles of the Clans
Field Guide
2010-06-01

Enter the Clans
Field Guide
2012-06-26

Ultimate Guide
Field Guide
2014-11-05

The Lost Warrior
OEL Manga
2007-04-24
Book 1 of Greystripe Trilogy

Warrior's Refuge
OEL Manga
2007-12-26
Book 2 of Greystripe Trilogy

Warrior's Return
OEL Manga
2008-04-22
Book 3 of Greystripe Trilogy

The Rise of Scourge
OEL Manga
2008-06-24

Into the Woods
OEL Manga
2008-09-02
Book 1 of Tiger and Sasha Trilogy

Escape from the Forest
OEL Manga
2008-12-23
Book 2 of Tiger and Sasha Trilogy

Return to the Clans
OEL Manga
2009-06-09
Book 3 of Tiger and Sasha Trilogy

Shattered Peace
OEL Manga
2010-08-03
Book 1 of Revenpaw's Path Trilogy

A Clan in Need
OEL Manga
2010-08-03
Book 2 of Revenpaw's Path Trilogy

The Heart of a Warrior
OEL Manga
2010-08-03
Book 1 of Revenpaw's Path Trilogy

The Rescue
OEL Manga
2011-07-05
Book 1 of SkyClan and the Stranger Trilogy

Beyond the Code
OEL Manga
2011-11-22
Book 2 of SkyClan and the Stranger Trilogy

After the Flood
OEL Manga
2012-04-03
Book 3 of SkyClan and the Stranger Trilogy

Hollyleaf's Story
Novella
2012-03-03
Originally released e-book only. Also part of the anthology Warriors: The Untold Stories

Mistystar's Omen
Novella
2012-09-11
Originally released e-book only. Also part of the anthology Warriors: The Untold Stories

Cloudstar's Journey
Novella
2013-01-29
Originally released e-book only. Also part of the anthology Warriors: The Untold Stories

Tigerclaw's Fury
Novella
2014-01-28
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Tales from the Clans

Leafpool's Wish
Novella
2014-04-22
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Tales from the Clans

Dovewing's Silence
Novella
2014-11-04
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Tales from the Clans

Mapleshade's Vengeance
Novella
2015-04-07
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Shadows of the Clans

Goosefeather's Curse
Novella
2015-09-01
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Shadows of the Clans

Ravenpaw's Farewell
Novella
2016-01-26
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Shadows of the Clans

Spottedleaf's Heart
Novella
2017-04-11

Pinestar's Choice
Novella
2017-04-11

Thunderstar's Echo
Novella
2017-04-11

tag: table

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The first book of the series, Into the Wild, was generally well-received, with reviewers calling it a "spine-tingling,"[47] "thoroughly engrossing"[48] and "exciting... action-packed adventure."[49] One reviewer praised the authors for "creating an intriguing world... and an engaging young hero",[50] but another criticised the characters and imagined world as being "neither... consistent nor compelling."[51]

text: The manga has also earned praise: a reviewer for Children's Bookwatch noted that Into the Woods "ends on a tense cliffhanger, leaving the reader in anxious anticipation for more. Suitable for readers age ten to one hundred and ten, Warriors Tigerstar & Sasha #1: Into the Woods is especially recommended for cat lovers everywhere".[52] Its sequel, Escape from the Forest, was also well reviewed: a reviewer for Publishers Weekly believed that girls would benefit from reading about Sasha leaving the powerful Tigerstar due to his "growing violence". The art was also praised, with the reviewer writing that "Hudson's artwork brings Sasha's emotional journey to life, showing each moment of fear, anxiety, contentment and joy. The cat's-eye perspective of many of the panels, in addition, add  [sic] a dramatic, energizing element to the book". The reviewer also wrote that "a twist at the end will leave fans eager for the next installment of Sasha's saga", and that the book would appeal to young adults trying to find their place in the world.[53] Lisa Goldstein for School Library Journal also gave the book a positive review, writing that the plot would attract new fans and appeal to old fans. The reviewer also wrote that "though the cover claims that this is a 'manga,' the straightforward illustrations are drawn in a simple, realistic style".[54]

text: The large number of characters involved in the series has often been seen as a negative point; though one reviewer compared the "huge cast" to that of a Greek drama,[55] others wrote that it was "hard to follow"[56] and "a little confusing."[50] The characters have also been criticised as being "somewhat flat"[56] and "limited essentially to each individual's function within the clan."[51]

text: As one reviewer put it, the cats in the series are "true to their feline nature,"[47] leading some critics to jokingly comment that the books will "leave readers eyeing Puss a bit nervously"[57] and wondering "what dreams of grandeur may haunt the family cat."[49] However, this realism also means that the series contains a relatively large amount of violence,[50] with one critic stating that it is "not for the faint of heart."[55] Several critics have compared Warriors to Brian Jacques' Redwall series,[47][51] though one commented that it was "not as elegantly written."[50] The New York Times called the series a "hit with young readers", specifically because of its "sprawling universe",[58] and the series was able to appear on the New York Times Bestseller List for a total of 117 weeks, as of 24 November 2013.[59]

text: Awards and recognitions[edit]

text: Into the Wild was nominated for the Pacific Northwest Library Association's 2006 Young Reader's Choice Awards but lost to Christopher Paolini's Eragon.[60][61] It was also listed on Booklist's Top 10 fantasy books for youth in 2003[62] and was a Book Sense 76 Pick.[11] The Sight was nominated for the best Middle Readers book in Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2007) and placed sixth out of the ten nominees, with six percent of the total votes.[63] It was also nominated for the Children's Choice Book Awards.[64] In 2006, Warriors also received an honorable mention for the best book series for Publisher Weekly's "On the Cuff" awards.[65]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Themes in the series often revolve around forbidden love. These relationships are not allowed for various reasons: some involve medicine cats, who are not allowed to have mates according to the warrior code, while others develop between cats in different Clans, which is also forbidden by the warrior code. Holmes said that another central theme of the series centres on "faith and spirituality" in StarClan.[66] All books in the series feature the influence of StarClan, not just as the cats think of them, but in terms of prophecies delivered by StarClan which inevitably come true. Some scenes take place within StarClan's realm, with no living cats present as point-of-view characters. Thus the existence of an afterlife and the influence of spirits who have passed on and yet retain their earthly identities is integral to all of the plot arcs in the series. Another idea explored in the novels is the reactions of different faiths when meeting each other. For example, the Tribe of Rushing Water, which believes in different spiritual ancestors than the Clans, is introduced in Moonrise. In an author chat, Holmes explained that the books never say that either of the Clans or the Tribe of Rushing Water is right about faith because both are "equally valid." This leads to fear and suspicion between them because they are afraid of things they do not understand. Holmes said that "ignorance is a very scary thing!"[67] Non-belief is also significant in the storylines: Mothwing and Cloudtail do not believe in StarClan.[68] kittydogs or ferals where also a very important theme (at least for erin hunter).

text: Another theme is that characters can be a mix of good and evil. Holmes has said she is fascinated by these "shades of gray" in personalities. Her example of this was when Bluestar, a noble and honorable cat, gave up her kits for her own ambitions so an evil cat would not take over. Another example she gave of this is how the antagonist Tigerstar, even with all of his faults, is still courageous and fiercely loyal.[69] Similarly, Holmes has also connected the theme to Brambleclaw and how nobody knew whether he was good or evil.[5] A third major theme, often referred to as nature versus nurture, explores whether a person is born the way he or she will be, or if other things shape that. For example, Brambleclaw's father is the evil Tigerstar, but he eventually demonstrates that despite this, he is not evil himself, despite initial suspicion from Clanmates due to his father's legacy. This theme ties into the "shades of gray" theme.[67] similar to the book ¨Forest dogs¨.

text: A reviewer for Publishers Weekly noted that friendship and responsibility are taught to characters in the novels,[49] while booksforyouths.com had a reviewer who pointed out the idea that, just as Clan cats shun house cats for their soft life, people should realize that it is necessary to experience hardship in life.[70] A Storysnoops review noted that one of the themes was that "it doesn't matter where you come from, only who you are inside".[71] In Dawn, the importance of cooperation is explored. The four Clans, normally hostile to each other, are forced to work together in order to find a new home. Other themes that have been pointed out deal with family, loss, honor, bravery, death, loyalty, and following rules.[67][49]

text: Holmes has said that one of the good things about writing a book about kittydogs is that "we can tackle difficult human issues such as death, racial intolerance, and religious intolerance [without seeming so heavy]."[69]

text: Publication history[edit]

text: All of the Warriors books except for the manga have been published as hardcovers, and the majority of them have also been published as paperbacks. Starlight, Twilight, and Sunset from The New Prophecy, as well as the first four Omen of the Stars books, are available in an audiobook format.[72][73][74][75][76][77][78] The New Prophecy audiobooks are spoken by Nanette Savard, whose performance has been praised by reviewers. A reviewer for AudioFile wrote: "Nanette Savard brings out the youth of the cats who are struggling to help their clan survive and to protect each other from outside danger."[79][80] The Omen of the Stars audiobooks are spoken by Kathleen McInerney,[75][76][77][78] a pseudonym of Veronica Taylor. The books in the four main series have also been released in an e-book format.[81]

text: Foreign editions[edit]

text: The Warriors series was first published in the United States and United Kingdom.[3] The editions published of the first two series—Warriors and Warriors: The New Prophecy—in the United Kingdom had slight variations in cover design from their United States counterparts.[82] Warriors is also sold in New Zealand,[83] Australia,[84] and Canada. Translations from English into other languages such as Czech, Lithuanian, Finnish, Japanese, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and Korean have been published more recently.[85] The first six books have been published in Korea, Italy and Latin America,[86] the first five series in Germany and the first three series in the Netherlands.[5][87] Fandom also exists in Trinidad and Singapore.[88] The first two books have been published in Poland.[89]

text: Other media[edit]

text: Website[edit]

text: The Warriors website features Warriors screensavers,[90] along with videos on the process of writing a manga book and a video promoting The Last Hope.[91] There is also a "How To Draw Manga" page.[92] In addition, there are games, including quizzes,[92] the New Prophecy Adventure, and the Warriors Adventure Game.[93] On the Frequently Asked Questions section of the site, Erin Hunter said that they are working on an online game that would be released in late 2010.[94] It finished the first round of testing in summer 2010, but has not been released. Whether it will be a role-playing game is unknown. Erin Hunter has stated on the official Warriors website that there is still no plan for an official video game, but if there was, it would probably be based on a movie version of the Warriors series, which was at the time not under consideration.[94] Many fans have resorted to making their own games and websites, many of these sites being Play-by-post role-playing game forums.[67]

text: Film[edit]

text: On October 20, 2016, Victoria Holmes announced that Alibaba Pictures has bought the production rights for a film alongside STX Entertainment and is planning to do one with David Heyman and Gigi Pritzker set as producers. The release date, for now, still remains unscheduled, but, as of May 14, it was announced that screenwriters Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger have being attached to write the script for the movie. However, as of now, no director was announced for the film.[95][96]

text: Short stories[edit]

text: The first short story written by Erin Hunter is "Spottedleaf's Honest Answer". In it, the spirit of former ThunderClan medicine cat Spottedleaf discusses her love for Firestar. It gives information on what happened in the Warriors series from Into the Wild to Firestar's Quest.[97]

text: On 20 January 2009, another short story, "The Clans Decide", was released on the Warriors Ultimate Leader Election site, starring Firestar, who won an election through an online fan vote conducted in recognition of President Obama's Inauguration Day. In the story, the four Clans vote for a way to survive a tough winter. Every cat at the meeting votes on whether or not the Clans should work together to survive the winter. The cats vote in favour of working together.[98]

text: Two short stories, "After Sunset: The Right Choice?" and "The Elders' Concern", are included with the Warriors mobile application.[99] "The Elders' Concern" has been noted to contain timeline errors. Taking place after Bluestar's selection of Fireheart for deputy, it is about the elder Halftail, who is unhappy with the decision, and wakes the other elders to discuss it with them. In "After Sunset: The Right Choice?", After Brambleclaw is forced to kill Hawkfrost, he is worried about what Firestar might do, but Firestar is extremely proud of him.

text: Plays[edit]

text: Written by Victoria Holmes for a tour, a play titled After Sunset: We Need to Talk was first premiered on 28 April 2007 at the Secret Garden bookstore in Seattle, Washington. It details a meeting between Leafpool of ThunderClan and Crowfeather of WindClan after the events of Sunset. The script was released to the public on the official site for the Warriors series.[100]

text: During a fundraising event in Russellville, Arkansas, Brightspirit's Mercy was performed by various high school drama students. The second of two plays by Erin Hunter, Brightspirit's Mercy is about Jaypaw, Lionblaze, and Hollyleaf. After going to a Gathering, where it is obvious all of the Clans except for ThunderClan are starving, three cats from StarClan appear to them: Brightspirit and her parents, Shiningheart and Braveheart, characters created on Wands and Worlds, a fantasy fiction forum, in memory of a 10-year-old Warriors fan, Emmy Grace Cherry, and her parents, Dana and Jimmy Cherry, who were killed in a tornado in February 2007.[101] They tell the three young cats that they must help feed the other Clans. Jaypaw is easily convinced, but Hollyleaf and Lionblaze are harder to win over. Eventually, they agree and hunt, then wait at the WindClan border for a patrol. Ashfoot, WindClan's deputy, accepts the gift, but Breezepaw, too proud to have help from another Clan, refuses to eat it. Jaypaw, Lionblaze, and Hollyleaf then head towards another Clan's territory.[102]

text: In the Chinese translation of the series, "3-D trading cards" are packaged in each book. The 3-D effect is produced using stereoscopic lenticular printing. These cards feature pictures of the cats on the centre of the bookcover and their Chinese and English names, and biographical information on the back. Current cards feature Firestar, Bluestar, Tallstar, Graystripe, Tigerstar, a collage of the 5 previous cats, Brambleclaw, Feathertail, Leafpool, Onestar, Crowfeather, Hawkfrost, Hollyleaf, Jayfeather, Lionblaze, Blackstar, Squirrelflight, Breezepelt, Sandstorm, Oakheart, Leafstar, Crookedstar, Yellowfang, Dovewing, Ivypool, Flametail, Stormfur, Tigerheart, and Spottedleaf. Also produced are puzzles and cups with Warriors images.[103]

text: Mobile application[edit]

text: On 30 June 2011, an official iOS application and Android application was released on the iTunes App Store[99] and Play store. It contains information about the books in the series, profiles of the Clans and major characters (including app-exclusive information such as the name of Firestar's mother), an interactive timeline and maps, two application-exclusive short stories, a trivia game, and even an amino.


document_title: Of Mice and Men

question_text: which one is george and which one is lennie

text: Of Mice and Men

text: Plot

text: Two migrant field workers in California on their plantation during the Great Depression—George Milton, an intelligent but uneducated man, and Lennie Small, a bulky, strong man but mentally disabled—are in Soledad on their way to another part of California. They hope to one day attain the dream of settling down on their own piece of land. Lennie's part of the dream is merely to tend and pet rabbits on the farm, as he loves touching soft animals, although he always kills them. This dream is one of Lennie's favorite stories, which George constantly retells. They had fled from Weed after Lennie touched a young woman's dress and wouldn't let go, leading to an accusation of rape. It soon becomes clear that the two are close and George is Lennie's protector, despite his antics.

text: After being hired at a farm, the pair are confronted by Curley—The Boss's small, aggressive son with a Napoleon complex who dislikes larger men, and starts to target Lennie. Curley's flirtatious and provocative wife, to whom Lennie is instantly attracted, poses a problem as well. In contrast, the pair also meets Candy, an elderly ranch handyman with one hand and a loyal dog, and Slim, an intelligent and gentle jerkline-skinner whose dog has recently had a litter of puppies. Slim gives a puppy to Lennie and Candy, whose loyal, accomplished sheep dog was put down by fellow ranch-hand Carlson.

text: In spite of problems, their dream leaps towards reality when Candy offers to pitch in $350 with George and Lennie so that they can buy a farm at the end of the month, in return for permission to live with them. The trio are ecstatic, but their joy is overshadowed when Curley attacks Lennie, who defends himself by easily crushing Curley's fist while urged on by George.

text: Nevertheless, George feels more relaxed, to the extent that he even leaves Lennie behind on the ranch while he goes into town with the other ranch hands. Lennie wanders into the stable, and chats with Crooks, the bitter, yet educated stable buck, who is isolated from the other workers racially. Candy finds them and they discuss their plans for the farm with Crooks, who cannot resist asking them if he can hoe a garden patch on the farm albeit scorning its possibility. Curley's wife makes another appearance and flirts with the men, especially Lennie. However, her spiteful side is shown when she belittles them and threatens Crooks to have him lynched.

text: The next day, Lennie accidentally kills his puppy while stroking it. Curley's wife enters the barn and tries to speak to Lennie, admitting that she is lonely and how her dreams of becoming a movie star are crushed, revealing her personality. After finding out about Lennie's habit, she offers to let him stroke her hair, but panics and begins to scream when she feels his strength. Lennie becomes frightened, and unintentionally breaks her neck thereafter and runs away. When the other ranch hands find the corpse, George realizes that their dream is at an end. George hurries to find Lennie, hoping he will be at the meeting place they designated in case he got into trouble.

text: George meets Lennie at the place, their camping spot before they came to the ranch. The two sit together and George retells the beloved story of the dream, knowing it is something they'll never share. He then shoots and kills Lennie, with Curley, Slim, and Carlson arriving seconds after. Only Slim realizes what happened, and consolingly leads him away. Curley and Carlson look on, unable to comprehend the subdued mood of the two men.

text: Characters

text:
I was a bindlestiff myself for quite a spell. I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. He's in an insane asylum in California right now. I worked alongside him for many weeks. He didn't kill a girl. He killed a ranch foreman. Got sore because the boss had fired his pal and stuck a pitchfork right through his stomach. I hate to tell you how many times I saw him do it. We couldn't stop him until it was too late.

John Steinbeck, interview by The New York Times, 1937[5][6]

tag: div

text:
George Milton: A quick-witted man who is Lennie's guardian and best friend. His friendship with Lennie helps sustain his dream of a better future. He was bound in teasing Lennie since he was young. He is described by Steinbeck in the novel as "small and quick," every part of him being "defined," with small strong hands on slender arms. He has a dark face and "restless eyes" and "sharp, strong features" including a "thin, bony nose."
Lennie Small: A mentally disabled, but physically strong man who travels with George and is his constant companion.[6] He dreams of "living off the fatta' the lan'" and being able to tend to rabbits. His love for soft things conspires against him, mostly because he does not know his own strength, and eventually becomes his undoing. Steinbeck defines his appearance as George's "opposite," writing that he is a "huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes" and "wide, sloping shoulders." Lennie walks heavily, dragging his feet a little, "the way a bear drags his paws," adding that his arms do not swing at his sides, but hang loosely.
Candy: An aging ranch handyman, Candy lost his hand in an accident and worries about his future on the ranch. Fearing that his age is making him useless, he seizes on George’s description of the farm he and Lennie will have, offering his life’s savings if he can join George and Lennie in owning the land.
Slim: A "jerkline skinner," the main driver of a mule team and the "prince of the ranch". Slim is greatly respected by many of the characters and is the only character whom Curley treats with respect. His insight, intuition, kindness and natural authority draw the other ranch hands automatically towards him, and he is significantly the only character to fully understand the bond between George and Lennie.
Curley: The Boss' son, a young, pugnacious character, once a semi-professional boxer. He is described by others, with some irony, as "handy", partly because he likes to keep a glove filled with vaseline on his left hand. He is very jealous and protective of his wife and immediately develops a dislike toward Lennie. At one point, Curley loses his temper after he sees Lennie appear to laugh at him, and ends up with his hand horribly damaged after Lennie fights back against him.
Curley's wife: A young, pretty woman, who is mistrusted by her husband. The other characters refer to her only as "Curley's wife". Steinbeck explained that she is "not a person, she's a symbol. She has no function, except to be a foil – and a danger to Lennie."[6] Curley's wife's preoccupation with her own beauty eventually helps precipitate her death: She allows Lennie to stroke her hair as an apparently harmless indulgence, only for her to upset Lennie when she yells at him to stop him 'mussing it'. Lennie tries to stop her yelling and eventually, and accidentally, kills her by breaking her neck.
Crooks: Crooks, the black stable-hand, gets his name from his crooked back. Proud, bitter, and cynical, he is isolated from the other men because of the color of his skin. Despite himself, Crooks becomes fond of Lennie, and though he claims to have seen countless men following empty dreams of buying their own land, he asks Lennie if he can go with them and hoe in the garden.
Candy's dog: A blind dog who is described as "old", "stinky", and "crippled", and is killed by Carlson.
Carlson: A "thick bodied" ranch hand, he kills Candy's dog with little sympathy.
The Boss: Curley's father, the superintendent of the ranch. The ranch is owned by "a big land company" according to Candy.
Whit: A young ranch hand.

tag: ul

text: Themes

text: In every bit of honest writing in the world there is a base theme. Try to understand men, if you understand each other you will be kind to each other. Knowing a man well never leads to hate and nearly always leads to love. There are shorter means, many of them. There is writing promoting social change, writing punishing injustice, writing in celebration of heroism, but always that base theme. Try to understand each other.

text: Steinbeck emphasizes dreams throughout the book.[clarification needed] George aspires to independence, to be his own boss, to have a homestead, and most importantly to be "somebody". Lennie aspires to be with George on his independent homestead, and to quench his fixation on soft objects. Candy aspires to reassert his responsibility lost with the death of his dog, and for security for his old age—on George's homestead. Crooks aspires to a small homestead where he can express self-respect, security, and most of all, acceptance. Curley's wife dreams to be an actress, to satisfy her desire for fame lost when she married Curley, and an end to her loneliness.

text: Loneliness is a significant factor in several characters' lives. Candy is lonely after his dog is gone. Curley's wife is lonely because her husband is not the friend she hoped for—she deals with her loneliness by flirting with the men on the ranch, which causes Curley to increase his abusiveness and jealousy. The companionship of George and Lennie is the result of loneliness. Crooks states the theme candidly as "A guy goes nuts if he ain't got anybody. Don't make any difference who the guy is, long's he's with you."[8] The author further reinforces this theme through subtle methods by situating the story near the town of Soledad, which means "solitude" in Spanish.[9]

text: Despite the need for companionship, Steinbeck emphasizes how loneliness is sustained through the barriers established from acting inhuman to one another. The loneliness of Curley's wife is upheld by Curley's jealousy, which causes all the ranch hands to avoid her. Crooks's barrier results from being barred from the bunkhouse by restraining him to the stable; his bitterness is partially broken, however, through Lennie's ignorance.

text: Steinbeck's characters are often powerless, due to intellectual, economic, and social circumstances. Lennie possesses the greatest physical strength of any character, which should therefore establish a sense of respect as he is employed as a ranch hand. However, his intellectual handicap undercuts this and results in his powerlessness. Economic powerlessness is established as many of the ranch hands are victims of the Great Depression. As George, Candy and Crooks are positive, action- oriented characters, they wish to purchase a homestead, but because of the Depression, they are unable to generate enough money. Lennie is the only one who is basically unable to take care of himself, but the other characters would do this in the improved circumstances they seek. Since they cannot do so, the real danger of Lennie's mental handicap comes to the fore.

text: Regarding human interaction, evil of oppression and abuse is a theme that is illustrated through Curley and Curley's wife. Curley uses his aggressive nature and superior position in an attempt to take control of his father's farm. He constantly reprimands the farm hands and accuses some of fooling around with his wife. Curley's Napoleon complex is evidenced by his threatening of the farm hands for minuscule incidents. Curley's wife, on the other hand, is not physically but verbally manipulative. She uses her sex appeal to gain some attention, flirting with the farm hands. According to the Penguin Teacher's Guide for Of Mice and Men, Curley and Curley's wife represent evil in that both oppress and abuse the migrants in different ways.[10]

text: Fate is felt most heavily as the characters' aspirations are destroyed when George is unable to protect Lennie (who is a real danger). Steinbeck presents this as "something that happened" or as his friend coined for him "non-teleological thinking" or "is thinking", which postulates a non-judgmental point of view.[7]

text: Development

text: Of Mice and Men was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing in the form of novel-play termed a "play-novelette" by one critic. Structured in three acts of two chapters each, it is intended to be both a novella and a script for a play. It is only 30,000 words in length. Steinbeck wanted to write a novel that could be played from its lines, or a play that could be read like a novel.[11]

text: Steinbeck originally titled it Something That Happened (referring to the events of the book as "something that happened" because nobody can be really blamed for the tragedy that unfolds in the story). However, he changed the title after reading Robert Burns's poem To a Mouse.[12] Burns's poem tells of the regret the narrator feels for having destroyed the home of a mouse while plowing his field.[13]

text: Steinbeck wrote this book and The Grapes of Wrath in what is now Monte Sereno, California. An early draft of Of Mice and Men was eaten by Steinbeck's dog, named Max.[14]

text: Reception

text: Attaining the greatest positive response of any of his works up to that time, Steinbeck's novella was chosen as a Book of the Month Club selection before it was published. Praise for the work came from many notable critics, including Maxine Garrard (Enquirer-Sun),[15] Christopher Morley, and Harry Thornton Moore (New Republic).[16] New York Times critic Ralph Thompson described the novella as a "grand little book, for all its ultimate melodrama."[17][18]

text: The novella has been banned from various US public and school libraries or curricula for allegedly "promoting euthanasia", "condoning racial slurs", being "anti-business", containing profanity, and generally containing "vulgar" and "offensive language".[19] Many of the bans and restrictions have been lifted and it remains required reading in many other American, Australian, Irish, British, New Zealand and Canadian high schools. As a result of being a frequent target of censors, Of Mice and Men appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of the 21st Century (number 4).[20] In the UK, it was listed at number 52 of the "nation's best loved novels" on the BBC's 2003 survey The Big Read.[21] Of Mice and Men has been challenged 54 times since it was published in 1936.[22] However, scholars like Thomas Scarseth have fought to protect the book by citing its literary value. According to Scarseth "in true great literature the pain of Life is transmuted into the beauty of Art",.[23] The book was once studied in English Literature GCSE, but was dropped because it didn't originate from England.[24]

text: Adaptations

text: Stage

text: The first stage production was written by Steinbeck, produced by Sam H. Harris and directed by George S. Kaufman. It opened on November 23, 1937, in the Music Box Theatre on Broadway.[25] Running for 207 performances, it starred Wallace Ford as George and Broderick Crawford as Lennie.[25] The role of Crooks was performed by Leigh Whipper, the first African-American member of the Actors' Equity Association.[26] Whipper repeated this role in the 1939 film version.[27]

text: The production was chosen as Best Play in 1938 by the New York Drama Critics' Circle.[28]

text: In 1939 the production was moved to Los Angeles, still with Wallace Ford in the role of George, but with Lon Chaney, Jr., taking on the role of Lennie. Chaney's performance in the role resulted in his casting in the movie.

text: The play was revived in a 1974 Broadway production in the Brooks Atkinson Theatre starring Kevin Conway as George and James Earl Jones as Lennie.[29] Noted stage actress Pamela Blair played Curley's Wife in this production.

text: In 1970 Carlisle Floyd wrote an opera based on this novella. One departure between Steinbeck's book and Floyd's opera is that the opera features The Ballad Singer, a character not found in the book.[30]

text: A new version of the play opened on Broadway at The Longacre Theater on March 19, 2014 for a limited 18-week engagement, starring James Franco, Chris O'Dowd, Leighton Meester and Jim Norton.[31][32]

text: Film

text: The first adaptation was in 1939, two years after the publication of the novella, and starred Lon Chaney Jr. as Lennie, with Burgess Meredith as George, and was directed by Lewis Milestone.[27] It was nominated for four Academy Awards.[27]

text: A TV version, produced by David Susskind in 1968, starred George Segal as George, Nicol Williamson as Lennie, Will Geer as Candy, Moses Gunn as Crooks, and Don Gordon and Joey Heatherton as Curley and his wife.[33]

text: A 1972 Iranian film, Topoli, directed by Reza Mirlohi was adapted from and dedicated to John Steinbeck and his story.[citation needed]

text: In 1981 a TV movie version was made, starring Randy Quaid as Lennie, and Robert Blake as George, and directed by Reza Badiyi.[34]

text: Another theatrical film version was made in 1992, directed by Gary Sinise, who was nominated for the Palme d'Or at Cannes.[35] Sinise also played George in the film, and the role of Lennie was played by John Malkovich. For this adaptation, both men reprised their roles from the 1980 Steppenwolf Theatre Company production.[36]

text: The 1992 Malayalam film Soorya Manasam directed by Viji Thampi is also based on the novel.[37]

text: Radio

text: Of Mice and Men was adapted by Donna Franceschild as a radio play directed by Kirsty Williams starring David Tennant broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 7 March 2010.[38]