document_title: Monsters, Inc.

question_text: who is sully from monsters inc named after

text: Monsters, Inc.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The city of Monstropolis in the monster world is powered by energy from the screams of human children. At the Monsters, Inc. factory, skilled monsters employed as "scarers" venture into the human world to scare children and harvest their screams, through doors that activate portals to children's bedroom closets. It is considered dangerous work, as human children are believed to be toxic. Energy production is falling because children are becoming less easily scared, and Monsters, Inc.'s chairman, Henry J. Waternoose, is determined to find a solution.

text: James P. "Sulley" Sullivan and his partner, Mike Wazowski, are the organization's top employees, but their chief rival, Randall Boggs, is close behind. One day, Sulley discovers that Randall has left a door activated on the scare floor and a small girl has entered the factory. After several failed attempts to put her back, Randall sends the door back into the factory's door vault and Sulley conceals her and takes her out of the factory. He interrupts Mike's date with his girlfriend, Celia, at a sushi restaurant, and chaos erupts when the child is discovered. Sulley and Mike manage to escape with the child before the Child Detection Agency (CDA) quarantines the restaurant. They soon discover that she is not toxic after all; Sulley grows attached to her and calls her "Boo," while Mike is just anxious to be rid of her.

text: The two smuggle her back into the factory disguised as a baby monster in an attempt to send her home. Randall discovers Boo and tries to kidnap her, but mistakenly kidnaps Mike instead. Nevertheless, he straps Mike to a large machine called "The Scream Extractor", which he intends to use to revolutionize the scaring industry and solve the monster world's energy problems by forcefully extracting screams from kidnapped human children. Before Randall can use the machine on Mike, Sulley disables the machine, frees Mike and reports Randall to Waternoose. Waternoose, initially indicates anger at hearing of Randall's actions, but instead exiles Mike and Sulley to the Himalayas after revealing he is involved in Randall's plot. The two meet the Abominable Snowman, who tells them about a nearby village, which Sulley realizes he can use to return to the factory. Sulley prepares to return, but Mike refuses to go with him.

text: Meanwhile, Randall is preparing to use the Scream Extractor on Boo, but Sulley suddenly arrives and saves her, destroying the machine in the process. Randall and Sulley battle, and after Mike returns and helps Sulley overpower Randall, the two reconcile, take Boo, and flee.

text: Randall pursues them to the door vault, and a wild chase ensues among the millions of doors as they move in and out of the storage vault on rails to the factory floor. Boo's laughter causes all the doors in the vault to activate at once, allowing the monsters to freely pass in and out of the human world. Randall attempts to kill Sulley, but Boo overcomes her fear and attacks him, enabling Sulley to catch him. Sulley and Mike then trap Randall in the human world, where two residents at a trailer park mistake him for an alligator and beat him with a shovel.

text: Sulley and Mike take Boo and her door to the training room. Waternoose appears and demands Sulley to surrender Boo to him. Sulley inadvertently baits Waternoose into shouting "I'll kidnap a thousand children before I let this company die, and I'll silence anyone who gets in my way"; the confession is videotaped by Mike, who then plays the recording to the CDA, who quickly arrests Waternoose. Roz appears, revealing herself to be the CDA's director who worked for nearly three years to expose Waternoose and Randall's crimes. She thanks Mike and Sulley for revealing his true colors, but orders the CDA to destroy Boo's door; they do so and Sulley is left saddened by Boo's departure.

text: With the factory temporarily shut down, Sulley is named the new CEO of Monsters, Inc. Under his leadership, the energy crisis is solved by harvesting children's laughter instead of screams, as laughter has been found to be ten times more potent. Mike takes Sulley aside, revealing he has rebuilt Boo's door. It needs one final piece, which Sulley took as a memento, in order to work. Sulley puts the door chip into place, enters and joyfully reunites with Boo.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
John Goodman as James P. "Sulley" Sullivan, a large, furry blue monster with horns and purple spots. Even though Sulley excels at scaring children, he is a gentle giant by nature. At the film's beginning, Sulley has been the "Best Scarer" at Monsters, Inc. for several months running.
Billy Crystal as Michael "Mike" Wazowski, a short, round green monster with a single big eyeball and skinny limbs. Mike is Sulley's station runner and coach on the scare floor, and the two are close friends and roommates. Mike is charming and generally the more organized of the two, but is prone to neurotics and his ego sometimes leads him astray. He is dating Celia Mae, who calls him "Googly-Bear".
Mary Gibbs as Boo, a two-year-old[3][4][5] human girl who is unafraid of any monster except Randall, the scarer assigned to her door. She believes Sulley is a large cat and refers to him as "Kitty". In the film, one of Boo's drawings is covered with the name "Mary". The book based on the film gives Boo's "real" name as Mary Gibbs, the name of her voice actress, who is also the daughter of one of the film's story artists, Rob.[6]
Steve Buscemi as Randall Boggs, a purple, eight-legged lizard monster with a chameleon-like ability to change his skin color and blend in completely with his surroundings. He is a snide and preening character who makes himself a rival to Sulley and Mike in scream collection.
James Coburn as Henry J. Waternoose III, an arthropodic monster with a crab-like lower body. Waternoose is the CEO of Monsters, Inc., a job passed down through his family for three generations. He acts as a mentor to Sulley, holding great faith in him as a scarer.
Jennifer Tilly as Celia Mae, a gorgon-like monster with one eye and tentacle-like legs. Celia is the receptionist for Monsters, Inc. and Mike's girlfriend.
Bob Peterson as Roz, a slug-like monster with a raspy voice who administrates for Scare Floor F where Sulley, Mike, and Randall work. At the end of the movie, it is revealed that Roz is "Agent Number 1" of the CDA, and has worked undercover at Monsters, Inc. for two and a half years.
John Ratzenberger as Yeti[7] a.k.a. The Abominable Snowman,[8] a furry white monster who was banished to the Himalayas. He was inspired by the Abominable Snowman from the 1964 Rankin/Bass animated special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.[9]
Frank Oz as Jeff Fungus, Randall's red-skinned, three-eyed, beleaguered assistant.
Dan Gerson as Smitty and Needleman, two goofy monsters with cracking voices, who work as janitors and operate the Door Shredder when required.
Steve Susskind as Jerry Slugworth, a red, seven-fingered monster, who manages Scare Floor F and is a good friend of Waternoose.
Bonnie Hunt as Ms. Flint, a female monster, who trains new monsters to scare children.
Jeff Pidgeon as Thaddeus "Phlegm" Bile, a trainee scarer for Monsters, Inc.
Samuel Lord Black as George Sanderson, a chubby, oranged-furred monster with a sole horn on top of his head. A running gag throughout the film involves George repeatedly making contact with human artifacts (such as socks and the like which cling to his fur via static), prompting his scare coach to trigger "23–19" incidents with the CDA resulting in him mobbed, shaved bald, and sterilized.  He is good friends with Pete "Claws" Ward.
Phil Proctor as Charlie, George's assistant with sea-green skin and tendrils for limbs. He is friends with George, Mike, and Sulley, but is quick to call the CDA on his scarer at the drop of a hat.
Joe Ranft as Pete "Claws" Ward, a blue monster with razor-sharp claws and horrifying breath.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The idea for Monsters, Inc. was conceived in a lunch in 1994 attended by John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft during the production of Toy Story.[10] One of the ideas that came out of the brainstorming session was a film about monsters. "When we were making Toy Story", Docter said, "everybody came up to me and said 'Hey, I totally believed that my toys came to life when I left the room.' So when Disney asked us to do some more films, I wanted to tap into a childlike notion that was similar to that. I knew monsters were coming out of my closet when I was a kid. So I said, 'Hey, let's do a film about monsters.'"[11]

text: Docter began work on the film that would become Monsters, Inc. in 1996 while others focused on A Bug's Life (1998) and Toy Story 2 (1999). Its code name was Hidden City, named for Docter's favorite restaurant in Point Richmond.[12] By early-February 1997, Docter had drafted a treatment together with Harley Jessup, Jill Culton, and Jeff Pidgeon that bore some resemblance to the final film. Docter pitched the story to Disney with some initial artwork on February 4 that year. He and his story team left with some suggestions in hand and returned to pitch a refined version of the story on May 30. At this pitch meeting, longtime Disney animator Joe Grant – whose work stretched back to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) – suggested the title Monsters, Inc., a play on the title of a gangster film Murder, Inc.,[13] which stuck.[14] The film marks the first Pixar feature to not be directed by Lasseter instead being helmed by Docter, as well as Lee Unkrich and David Silverman who served as co-directors.[15]

text: Writing[edit]

text: The story line took on many forms during production.[16] His original idea featured a 30-year-old man dealing with monsters that he drew in a book as a child coming back to bother him as an adult. Each monster represented a fear he had, and conquering those fears caused the monsters eventually to disappear.[17]

text: After Docter scrapped the initial concept of a 30-year-old terrified of monsters, he decided on a buddy story between a monster and a child titled simply Monsters, in which the monster character of Sulley (known at this stage as Johnson) was an up-and-comer at his workplace, where the company's purpose was to scare children. Sulley's eventual sidekick, Mike Wazowski, had not yet been added.[16][18][18]

text: Between 1996 and 2000, the lead monster and child went through radical changes as the story evolved. As the story continued to develop, the child varied in age and gender. Ultimately, the story team decided that a girl would be the best counterpart for a furry, 8-foot-tall (96 in) co-star.[16] After a girl was settled upon, the character continued to undergo changes, at one point being from Ireland and at another time being an African-American character.[14] Originally the character of the little girl, known as Mary, became a fearless seven-year-old who has been toughened by years of teasing and pranks from four older brothers.[14] In stark contrast, Johnson is nervous about the possibility of losing his job after the boss at Monsters, Inc. announces a downsizing is on the way. He feels envious because another scarer, Ned (who later became Randall), is the company's top performer.[14] Through various drafts, Johnson's occupation went back-and-forth from being a scarer and from working in another area of the company such as a janitor or a refinery worker, until his final incarnation as the best scarer at Monsters, Inc.[14] Throughout development Pixar worried that having a main character whose main goal was to scare children would alienate audiences and make them not empathize with him. Docter would later describe that the team "bent over backwards trying to create a story that still had monsters " while still solving the problem,[15] A key moment came when the team decided "Okay, he's the BEST scarer there. He's the star quarterback" with Docter noting that before that moment "design after design, we really didn't know what he was about."[15] Disney noted to Pixar early on that they did not want the character to "look like a guy in a suit."[15] To this end Johnson was originally planned to have tentacles for feet; however, this caused many problems in early animation tests. The idea was later largely rejected, as it was thought that audiences would be distracted by the tentacles.[19] Mary's age also differed from draft to draft until the writers settled on the age of 3. "We found that the younger she was, the more dependent she was on Sulley", Docter said.[11]

text: Eventually Johnson was renamed Sullivan. The name was suggested by an animator who had attended Texas A&M University, inspired by one of Texas A&M's historic icons, Lawrence Sullivan Ross, nicknamed "Sulley" by students. Sullivan was also planned to wear glasses throughout the film. However, the creators found it a dangerous idea because the eyes were a perfectly readable and clear way of expressing a character's personality; thus, the idea was rejected.[19]

text: The idea of a monster buddy for the lead monster emerged at an April 6, 1998 "story summit" in Burbank with employees from Disney and Pixar. A term coined by Lasseter, a "story summit" was a crash exercise that would yield a finished story in only two days.[20] Such a character, the group agreed, would give the lead monster someone to talk to about his predicament. Development artist Ricky Nierva drew a concept sketch of a rounded, one-eyed monster as a concept for the character, and everyone was generally receptive to it.[11] Docter named the character Mike for the father of his friend Frank Oz, a director and Muppet performer.[14] Jeff Pidgeon and Jason Katz story-boarded a test in which Mike helps Sulley choose a tie for work, and Mike Wazowski soon became a vital character in the film.[11] Originally, Mike had no arms and had to use his legs as appendages; however, due to some technical difficulties, arms were soon added to him.[11]

text: Screenwriter Dan Gerson joined Pixar in 1999 and worked on the film with the filmmakers on a daily basis for almost two years. He considered it his first experience in writing a feature film. He explained, "I would sit with Pete [Docter] and David Silverman and we would talk about a scene and they would tell me what they were looking for. I would make some suggestions and then go off and write the sequence. We'd get together again and review it and then hand it off to a story artist. Here's where the collaborative process really kicked in. The board artist was not beholden to my work and could take liberties here and there. Sometimes, I would suggest an idea about making the joke work better visually. Once the scene moved on to animation, the animators would plus the material even further."[16]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Bill Murray was considered for the voice role of James P. "Sulley" Sullivan. He screen tested for the role and was interested, but when Pete Docter was unable to make contact with him, he took it as a "no".[21][22] The voice role of Sulley went to John Goodman, the longtime co-star of the comedy series Roseanne and a regular in the films of the Coen brothers. Goodman interpreted the character to himself as the monster equivalent of a National Football League player. "He's like a seasoned lineman in the tenth year of his career," he said at the time. "He is totally dedicated and a total pro."[23] Billy Crystal, having regretted turning down the part of Buzz Lightyear years prior, accepted that of Mike Wazowski, Sulley's one-eyed best friend and scare assistant.[24][25] The casting of Steve Buscemi as Randall, Sulley's rival, saw a reunion between himself and John Goodman; they had previously worked together on The Big Lebowski and Barton Fink.

text: Animation[edit]

text: In November 2000, early in the production of Monsters, Inc., Pixar packed up and moved for the second time since its Lucasfilm years.[23] The company's approximately 500 employees had become spread among three buildings, separated by a busy highway. The company moved from Point Richmond to a much bigger campus in Emeryville, co-designed by Lasseter and Steve Jobs.[23]

text: In production, Monsters Inc. differed from earlier Pixar features, as every main character in this movie had its own lead animator – John Kahrs on Sulley, Andrew Gordon on Mike, and Dave DeVan on Boo.[26] Kahrs found that the "bearlike quality" of Goodman's voice provided an exceptionally good fit with the character. He faced a difficult challenge, however, in dealing with Sulley's sheer mass; traditionally, animators conveyed a figure's heaviness by giving it a slower, more belabored movement, but Kahrs was concerned that such an approach to a central character would give the film a "sluggish" feel.[26] Like Goodman, Kahrs came to think of Sulley as a football player, one whose athleticism enabled him to move quickly in spite of his size. To help the animators with Sulley and other large monsters, Pixar arranged for Rodger Kram, a University of California, Berkeley expert on the locomotion of heavy mammals, to lecture on the subject.[26]

text: Adding to Sulley's lifelike appearance was an intense effort by the technical team to refine the rendering of fur. Other production houses had tackled realistic fur, most notably Rhythm & Hues in its 1993 polar bear commercials for Coca-Cola and in its talking animals' faces in the 1995 film Babe.[26] This film, however, required fur on a far larger scale. From the standpoint of Pixar's engineers, the quest for fur posed several significant challenges; one was to figure out how to animate a large numbers of hairs – 2,320,413 of them on Sulley – in a reasonably efficient way,[26] and another was to make sure that the hairs would cast shadows on other ones. Without self-shadowing, either fur or hair takes on an unrealistic flat-colored look (e.g., in Toy Story, the hair on Andy's toddler sister, as seen in that movie's opening sequence, is hair without self-shadowing).[26]

text: The first fur test allowed Sulley to run an obstacle course. Results were not satisfactory, as such objects would catch and stretch out the fur due to the extreme amount of motion. Another similar test was also unsuccessful, because, this time, the fur would go through the objects.[19]

text: Pixar then set up a Simulation department and created a new fur simulation program called Fizt (short for "physics tool").[27] After a shot with Sulley in it had been animated, this department took the data for that shot and added Sulley's fur. Fizt allowed the fur to react in a more natural way. Every time when Sulley would have to move, his fur would (automatically) react to his movements, thus taking the effects of wind and gravity into account as well. The Fizt program also controlled the movement of Boo's clothes, which provided another "breakthrough".[27] The deceptively simple-sounding task of animating cloth was also a challenge to animate thanks to those hundreds of creases and wrinkles that automatically occurred in the clothing when the wearer moved.[28] Also, this meant they would have to solve the complex problem of how to keep cloth untangled – in other words, to keep it from passing through itself when parts of it intersect.[29] Fizt applied the same system to Boo's clothes as to Sulley's fur. First of all, Boo would be animated shirtless; the Simulation department then used Fizt to apply the shirt over Boo's body, and every time she would move, her clothes also would react to her movements in a more natural manner.

text: To solve the problem of cloth-to-cloth collisions, Michael Kass, Pixar's senior scientist, was joined on Monsters, Inc. by David Baraff and Andrew Witkin and developed an algorithm they called "global intersection analysis" to handle the problem. The complexity of the shots in the film, including elaborate sets such as the door vault, required more computing power to render than any of Pixar's earlier efforts combined. The render farm in place for Monsters, Inc. was made up of 3500 Sun Microsystems processors, compared with 1400 for Toy Story 2 and only 200 for Toy Story.[29]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered on October 28, 2001, at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California.[30] It was theatrically released on November 2, 2001 in the United States, in Australia on December 26, 2001, and in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2002.[31] The theatrical release was accompanied with the Pixar short animated film For the Birds.[32]

text: As with A Bug's Life and Toy Story 2, a montage of "outtakes" and a performance of a play based on a line from the film were made and included in the end credits of the film starting on December 7, 2001.[33]

text: After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King,[34] Disney and Pixar re-released Monsters, Inc. in 3D on December 19, 2012.[35]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Monsters, Inc. was released on VHS and DVD on September 17, 2002.[36] It was then released on Blu-ray on November 10, 2009,[37] and on Blu-ray 3D on February 19, 2013.[38]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Monsters, Inc. ranked number 1 at the box office on its opening weekend, grossing $62,577,067 in North America alone. The film had a small drop-off of 27.2% over its second weekend, earning another $45,551,028. In its third weekend, the film experienced a larger decline of 50.1%, placing itself in the second position just after Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. In its fourth weekend, however, there was an increase of 5.9%, making $24,055,001 that weekend for a combined total of over $525 million. As of May 2013, it is the eighth-biggest fourth weekend ever for a film.[39][40]

text: The film made $289,916,256 in North America, and $287,509,478 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $577,425,734.[1] The film is Pixar's ninth highest-grossing film worldwide and sixth in North America.[41] For a time, the film surpassed Toy Story 2 as the second highest-grossing animated film of all time, only behind 1994's The Lion King.[29]

text: In the U.K., Ireland, and Malta, it earned £37,264,502 ($53,335,579) in total, marking the sixth highest-grossing animated film of all time in the country and the thirty-second highest-grossing film of all time.[42] In Japan, although earning $4,471,902 during its opening and ranking second behind The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring for the weekend, it moved to first place on subsequent weekends due to exceptionally small decreases or even increases and dominated for six weeks at the box office. It finally reached $74,437,612, standing as 2001's third highest-grossing film and the third largest U.S. animated feature of all time in the country behind Toy Story 3 and Finding Nemo.[43]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Monsters, Inc. received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 96% based on 194 reviews, with an average score of 8/10. The critical consensus was, "Clever, funny, and delightful to look at, Monsters, Inc. delivers another resounding example of how Pixar elevated the bar for modern all-ages animation."[44] Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 78 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[45] According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade[46], becoming the second Pixar film to gain an "A+" grade, after Toy Story 2[47]

text: Charles Taylor from Salon.com stated, "[i]t's agreeable and often funny, and adults who take their kids to see it might be surprised to find themselves having a pretty good time."[48] Elvis Mitchell from The New York Times gave it a positive review, praising the film's use of "creative energy", saying "There hasn't been a film in years to use creative energy as efficiently as Monsters, Inc."[49] Although Mike Clark from USA Today thought the comedy was sometimes "more frenetic than inspired and viewer emotions are rarely touched to any notable degree," he also viewed the film as "visually inventive as its Pixar predecessors."[50]

text: ReelViews film critic James Berardinelli gave the film 31⁄2 stars out of 4 and wrote that the film was "one of those rare family films that parents can enjoy (rather than endure) along with their kids."[51] Roger Ebert from the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, calling it "cheerful, high-energy fun, and like the other Pixar movies, has a running supply of gags and references aimed at grownups."[52] Lisa Schwarzbaum from Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B" grade and praised the film's animation, stating "Everything from Pixar Animation Studios – the snazzy, cutting-edge computer animation outfit – looks really, really terrific and unspools with a liberated, heppest-moms-and-dads-on-the-block iconoclasm."[53]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Monsters, Inc. won the Academy Award for Best Original Song (Randy Newman, after fifteen previous nominations, for "If I Didn't Have You").[54] It was one of the first animated films to be nominated for Best Animated Feature (lost to Shrek).[54] It was also nominated for Best Original Score (lost to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring) and Best Sound Editing (lost to Pearl Harbor).[54] At the Kid's Choice Awards in 2002, it was nominated for "Favorite Voice in an Animated Movie" for Billy Crystal (who lost to Eddie Murphy in Shrek).[54]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Monsters, Inc.Soundtrack album by Randy NewmanReleased
October 23, 2001Recorded
2000–2001Genre
ScoreLength
1:00:30Label
Walt DisneyRandy Newman chronology

Meet the Parents(2000)Meet the Parents2000

Monsters, Inc.(2001)

Seabiscuit(2003)Seabiscuit2003

Pixar soundtrack chronology

Toy Story 2(1999) Toy Story 21999

Monsters, Inc.(2001) Monsters, Inc.2001

Finding Nemo(2003) Finding Nemo2003

tag: table

text: Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[55]Empire[56]Filmtracks.com[57]Movie Wave[58]Soundtrack.net[59]

text: Monsters Inc. was Randy Newman's fourth feature film collaboration with Pixar. The end credits song "If I Didn't Have You" was sung by John Goodman and Billy Crystal.[16]

text: The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.[54] The score lost both these awards to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, but after sixteen nominations, the song "If I Didn't Have You" finally won Newman his first Academy Award for Best Original Song.[54] It also won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[54]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Randy Newman.

text: No.TitleLength1."If I Didn't Have You" (performed by Billy Crystal and John Goodman)3:412."Monsters, Inc."2:093."School"1:384."Walk to Work"3:295."Sulley and Mike"1:576."Randall Appears"0:497."Enter the Heroes"1:038."The Scare Floor"2:419."Oh, Celia!"1:0910."Boo's Adventures in Monstropolis"6:2311."Boo's Tired"1:0312."Putting Boo Back"2:2213."Boo Escapes"0:5214."Celia's Mad"1:4115."Boo Is a Cube"2:1916."Mike's in Trouble"2:1917."The Scream Extractor"2:1218."Sulley Scares Boo"1:1019."Exile"2:1720."Randall's Attack"2:2221."The Ride of the Doors"5:0822."Waternoose is Waiting"3:1423."Boo's Going Home"3:3424."Kitty"1:2025."If I Didn't Have You" (performed by Newman)3:38Total length:1:00:30

text: Chart positions[edit]

text:
Chart (2001)

Peakposition

US Top Soundtracks (Billboard)[60]

25

text: Lawsuits[edit]

text: Shortly before the film's release, Pixar was sued by children's songwriter Lori Madrid of Wyoming, stating that the company had stolen her ideas from her 1997 poem "There's a Boy in My Closet."

text: Madrid mailed her poem to six publishers in October 1999, notably Chronicle Books, before turning it into a local stage musical in August 2001. After seeing the trailer for Monsters, Inc., Madrid concluded that Chronicle Books had passed her work to Pixar and that the film was based on her work.[62] In October 2001, she filed the suit against Chronicle Books, Pixar, and Disney in a federal court in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Her lawyer asked the court to issue a preliminary injunction, that would forbid Pixar and Disney from releasing the film while the suit was pending.

text: In a hearing on November 1, 2001 – the day before the film's scheduled release on 5,800 screens in 3,200 theaters across the country – the judge refused to issue the injunction. On June 26, 2002, he ruled that the film had nothing in common with the poem.[63]

text: In November 2002, Stanley Mouse filed a lawsuit, in which he alleged that the characters of Mike and Sulley were based on drawings of Excuse My Dust, a film that he had tried to sell to Hollywood in 1998.[64] The lawsuit also stated that a story artist from Pixar visited Mouse in 2000, and discussed Mouse's work with him.[64] A Disney spokeswoman responded, by saying that the characters in Monsters, Inc. were "developed independently by the Pixar and Walt Disney Pictures creative teams, and do not infringe on anyone's copyrights".[61] The case was ultimately settled under undisclosed terms.[65]

text: Prequel[edit]

text: A prequel, titled Monsters University, was released on June 21, 2013. John Goodman, Billy Crystal, and Steve Buscemi reprised their roles of Sulley, Mike, and Randall, while Dan Scanlon directed the film. The prequel's plot focuses on Sulley and Mike's studies at Monsters University, where they start off as rivals but soon become best friends.

text: Other media[edit]

text: An animated short, Mike's New Car, was made by Pixar in 2002 in which the two main characters have assorted misadventures with a car Mike has just bought. This film was not screened in theaters, but is included with all home video releases of Monsters, Inc., and on Pixar's Dedicated Shorts DVD.[66] In August 2002, a manga version of Monsters, Inc. was made by Hiromi Yamafuji and distributed in Kodansha's Comic Bon Bon magazine in Japan; the manga was published in English by Tokyopop until it went out of print.[67] A series of video games, including a multi-platform video game were created based on the film. The video games included Monsters, Inc., Monsters, Inc. Scream Team and Monsters, Inc. Scream Arena.[68] A game titled Monsters, Inc. Run was released on the App Store for iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad on December 13, 2012.[69]

text: Feld Entertainment toured a Monsters, Inc. edition of their Walt Disney's World on Ice skating tour from 2003 to 2007.[70] Monsters, Inc. has inspired three attractions at Disney theme parks around the world. In 2006 Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue! opened at Disneyland Resort's Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, California.[71] In 2007, Monsters, Inc. Laugh Floor opened at Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, replacing The Timekeeper. The show is improvisational in nature, and features the opportunity for Guests to interact with the monster comedians and submit jokes of their own via text message.[72] In 2009 Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek opened at Tokyo Disney Resort's Tokyo Disneyland in Chiba, Japan.[73]

text: In 2009, Boom! Studios produced a Monsters Inc. comic book mini-series that ran for four issues. The storyline takes place after the movie and focuses on Sulley and Mike's daily struggles to operate Monsters Inc. on its new laughter-focused company policy. At the same time, their work is impeded by the revenge schemes of Randall and Waternoose, as well as a human child (indirectly revealed to be Sid Phillips from the Toy Story franchise) who has hijacked the company's closet door technology to commit a string of toy thefts throughout the human world.[74]

text: A world based on the film will make its debut appearance in the Kingdom Hearts series in Kingdom Hearts III,[75][76] making it the second Disney-Pixar movie featured in the series after Toy Story.[77][78] Sulley, Mike, Randall, and Boo are slated to appear, so far, with Sulley and Mike serving as temporary party members.

text: Mike and Sully was shown on the television and the movie was reference in Baby Driver.

text: TV series[edit]

text: On November 9, 2017, while commenting the plans for a new Star Wars trilogy and live-action TV show, Disney CEO Bob Iger spoke about plans to develop TV spin-off shows of Monsters, Inc as well with Disney Channel's High School Musical and Marvel Entertainment's Marvel Cinematic Universe.[79] It was also confirmed that this announcement is just part of the plans that Disney has for the new streaming platform that they will launch in 2019 following their announcement to exit from Netflix.[80][81]


document_title: List of presidents of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York

question_text: who is president of the federal reserve bank

root

text: History[edit]

text: The former title for the chief executive officer of the New York Fed was governor and was renamed to president due to the Banking Act of 1935.[2] Akin to all other reserve bank presidents, the president of the New York Fed is nominated by the Board of Directors of the New York Fed and is approved by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.[1] The Federal Reserve Act states that the president of a Federal Reserve Bank is the chief executive officer of the bank in question and has a term that ends the last day in February in years ending in 1 or 6. Reserve Bank presidents must retire when they reach the age of 65, nevertheless, if the Board of Governors allows, a president who assumed his position after age 55 may serve until they have served 10 years or reached age 70, whichever is attained first.[3] The areas of the bank involved in business report to both the president and first vice president of the New York Fed. They in turn report to the Board of Directors of the New York Fed.[4] The president of the New York Fed is a permanent member of the Federal Open Market Committee, which is responsible for open market operations.[5]

tag: p

text: The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has had ten presidents since its inception, of which some have gone on to hold positions in government. Benjamin Strong, Jr., who had been the president of Bankers Trust Company, became the first president of the New York Fed on October 5, 1914.[6] He said the bank at that point "consisted of little more than a copy of the Federal Reserve Act", but it consumed 100 million U.S. dollars from 211 member banks during the course of that day.[7] United States President Jimmy Carter appointed former New York Fed President Paul Volcker as Chairman of the Federal Reserve in 1979 and U.S. President Ronald Reagan reappointed him in 1983.[8] President Barack Obama later appointed him to be the first Chairman of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board on February 6, 2009.[9] President Obama also appointed former New York Fed President Timothy Geithner to be the United States Secretary of the Treasury and he was confirmed by the Senate on January 26, 2009.[10]

text: Governors and presidents[edit]

text:
#
CEO
Life span
Term start
Term end
Ref

Governors

1
Benjamin Strong, Jr.*
1872–1928
October 5, 1914
October 1928
[2][6]

2
George L. Harrison
1887–1958
1928
—
—

Presidents

–
George L. Harrison
1887–1958
—
December 1940
[11]

3
Allan Sproul
1896–1978
January 1941
June 1956
[12]

4
Alfred Hayes
1910–1989
August 1, 1956
August 1, 1975
[13]

5
Paul Volcker
1927–
August 1, 1975
August 5, 1979
[14]

6
Anthony M. Solomon†
1919–2008
April 1, 1980
December 31, 1984
[15]

7
E. Gerald Corrigan
1941–
January 1, 1985
July 19, 1993
[16]

8
William J. McDonough
1934–2018
July 19, 1993
June 10, 2003
[17]

9
Timothy Geithner
1961–
November 17, 2003
January 26, 2009
[18]

10
William Dudley
1953–
January 27, 2009
incumbent
[19][20]

text:
†
Stepped down due to reaching retirement age

*
Died in office

text:
1. Strong (1914–1928)

2. Harrison (1928–1940)

3. Sproul (1941–1956)

4. Hayes (1956–1975)

5. Volcker (1975–1979)

6. Solomon (1980–1985)

7. Corrigan (1985–1993)

8. McDonough (1993–2003)

9. Geithner (2003–2009)

10. Dudley (2009- )

tag: ul


document_title: Come a Little Bit Closer

question_text: who did the song come a little bit closer

text: Come a Little Bit Closer

text:
"Come a Little Bit Closer"

Single by Jay and the Americans

from the album Come a Little Bit Closer

B-side
"Goodbye Boys, Goodbye"

Released
1964

Recorded
1964

Genre
Rock

Length
2:49

Label
United Artists

Songwriter(s)
Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart, Wes Farrell

Producer(s)
Artie Ripp

Jay and the Americans singles chronology

"Come Dance with Me"
(1963)
"Come a Little Bit Closer"
(1964)
"Let's Lock the Door (And Throw Away the Key)"
(1965)

"Come Dance with Me"
(1963)
"Come a Little Bit Closer"
(1964)
"Let's Lock the Door (And Throw Away the Key)"
(1965)

text:
"Come a Little Bit Closer"

Single by Johnny Duncan and Janie Fricke

from the album Come a Little Bit Closer

B-side
"Loneliness (Can Break a Man's Heart)" (Duncan only)

Released
October 1977

Format
7"

Recorded
August 1977

Genre
Country

Label
Columbia

Songwriter(s)
Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart, Wes Farrell

Producer(s)
Billy Sherrill and Larry Gatlin

Johnny Duncan singles chronology

"A Song in the Night"
(1977) A Song in the Night1977
"Come a Little Bit Closer"
(1977) Come a Little Bit Closer1977
"She Can Put Her Shoes Under My Bed (Anytime)"
(1978) She Can Put Her Shoes Under My Bed (Anytime)1978

Janie Fricke singles chronology

"What're You Doing Tonight"
(1977) What're You Doing Tonight1977
"Come a Little Bit Closer"
(1977) Come a Little Bit Closer1977
"Baby It's You"
(1978) Baby It's You1978

text: "Come a Little Bit Closer" is a song by the 1960s rock and roll band Jay and the Americans. It reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1964, making it the band's highest charting single. It remains their most popular song, according to Last.fm song rankings.[1][2] It also peaked at number 4 on the Cashbox chart and at number 1 on RPM's singles chart. The single served as a comeback for the group, who had not had a hit in some time.[3]

text: It was written by songwriters Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, as well as Wes Farrell, and became Boyce and Hart's first top 10 hit.[4]

text: Jay and the Americans also recorded a Spanish version of the song, in which, due to a poor translation, the final punch line is totally missing.

text: The song is featured in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.[5]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The lyrics tell the story of a young woman who is romantically involved with a man named José, but seduces the narrator with flattering words until he is love-stricken. After they kiss José arrives and the narrator flees, only to hear in the distance as the young woman uses on José the exact same enticing words she told the narrator, suggesting she lures every suitor she meets with the exact same "script".


document_title: Cabinet of the United States

question_text: who appoints the head of the cabinet departments

text: Cabinet of the United States

text: History[edit]

text: There is no explicit reference to a "Cabinet" in the United States Constitution, the United States Code, or the Code of Federal Regulations. In the Constitution, the President is authorized (but not compelled) to "require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices." The Constitution does not provide for an explicit forum where the principal officers' opinions can be obtained less formally, without writing, such as a formal Cabinet.

text: George Washington, the first U.S. President, organized his principal officers into a Cabinet, and it has been part of the executive branch structure ever since. Washington's Cabinet consisted of six members: himself, the Vice President John Adams, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox and Attorney General Edmund Randolph.

text: Presidents have used Cabinet meetings of selected principal officers but to widely differing extents and for different purposes. Secretary of State William H. Seward and then Professor Woodrow Wilson advocated use of a parliamentary-style Cabinet government. But President Abraham Lincoln rebuffed Seward, and Woodrow Wilson would have none of it in his administration. In recent administrations, Cabinets have grown to include key White House staff in addition to department and various agency heads. President Ronald Reagan formed seven subcabinet councils to review many policy issues, and subsequent Presidents have followed that practice.[1]

text: Background[edit]

text: In the Constitution and federal law[edit]

text: The term "principal Officer in each of the executive Departments" is mentioned in the Opinion Clause (Article II, Section 2, Clause 1) and the term "Heads of Departments" is mentioned in Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution. The term "principal officers of the executive departments" is also mentioned in the Twenty-fifth Amendment, Section 4, the executive departments being listed in 5 U.S.C. § 101. Although there are occasional references to "Cabinet-level officers," which when viewed in their context do refer to these "principal officers" and "heads of departments," the terms "principal officers" and "heads of departments" are not necessarily synonymous with "Cabinet" members.

text: In 3 U.S.C. § 302 with regard to delegation of authority by the President, it is provided that "nothing herein shall be deemed to require express authorization in any case in which such an official would be presumed in law to have acted by authority or direction of the President." This pertains directly to the heads of the executive departments as each of their offices is created and specified by statutory law (hence the presumption) and thus gives them the authority to act for the President within their areas of responsibility without any specific delegation.

text: Under the 1967 Federal Anti-Nepotism statute, federal officials are prohibited from appointing their immediate family members to certain governmental positions, including those in the Cabinet.[2]

text: Under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, an incoming administration may appoint acting heads of department from employees of the relevant department. These may be existing high-level career employees, from political appointees of the outgoing administration, or sometimes lower-level appointees of the incoming administration.[3]

text: Confirmation process[edit]

text: The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the President and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before the use of the "nuclear option" during the 113th US Congress, they could have been blocked by filibuster, requiring cloture to be invoked by 3⁄5 supermajority to further consideration). If approved, they receive their commission scroll, are sworn in and then begin their duties.

text: An elected Vice President does not require Senate confirmation, nor does the White House Chief of Staff, which is an appointed staff position of the Executive Office of the President.

text:
Office
Senate Confirmation Review Committee

Secretary of State
Foreign Relations Committee

Secretary of the Treasury
Finance Committee

Secretary of Defense
Armed Services Committee

Attorney General
Judiciary Committee

Secretary of the Interior
Energy and Natural Resources Committee

Secretary of Agriculture
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee

Secretary of Commerce
Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee

Secretary of Labor
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee

Secretary of Health and Human Services
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (consult)
Finance Committee (official)

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee

Secretary of Transportation
Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee

Secretary of Energy
Energy and Natural Resources Committee

Secretary of Education
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee

Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Veterans Affairs Committee

Secretary of Homeland Security
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee

Trade Representative
Finance Committee

Director of National Intelligence
Select Committee on Intelligence

Ambassador to the United Nations
Foreign Relations Committee

Office of Management and Budget
Budget Committee
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
Select Committee on Intelligence

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
Environment and Public Works Committee

Administrator of the Small Business Administration
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee

text: Salary[edit]

text: The heads of the executive departments and most other senior federal officers at cabinet or sub-cabinet level receive their salary under a fixed five level pay plan known as the Executive Schedule, which is codified in Title 5 of the United States Code. 21 positions, including the heads of the executive departments and others, receiving Level I pay are listed in 5 U.S.C. § 5312, and those 46 positions on Level II pay (including the number two positions of the executive departments) are listed in 5 U.S.C. § 5313. As of January 2016, the Level I annual pay was set at $205,700.[4]

text: The annual salary of the Vice President is $235,300.[4] The salary level was set by the Government Salary Reform Act of 1989, which also provides an automatic cost of living adjustment for federal employees. The Vice President does not automatically receive a pension based on that office, but instead receives the same pension as other members of Congress based on his ex officio position as President of the Senate.[5]

text: Current Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officials[edit]

text: The individuals listed below were nominated by President Donald Trump to form his Cabinet and were confirmed by the United States Senate on the date noted, or are serving as acting department heads by his request pending the confirmation of his nominees. For a full list of people nominated for Cabinet positions, see Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet.

text: Vice President and the heads of the executive departments[edit]

text: The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments, listed here according to their order of succession to the Presidency. These 15 positions are the core "cabinet member" seats, as distinct from other Cabinet-level seats for other various top level White House staffers and heads of other government agencies, none of whom are in the presidential line of succession and not all of whom are Officers of the United States.[6] Note that the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate follow the Vice President and precede the Secretary of State in the order of succession, but both are in the legislative branch and are not part of the Cabinet.

text:
Cabinet

Office
(statutory basis)
Incumbent
Term began

Vice President
(Constitution, Art. II, Sec. I)

Mike Pence

January 20, 2017

Secretary of State
(22 U.S.C. § 2651a)

Rex Tillerson

February 1, 2017

Secretary of the Treasury
(31 U.S.C. § 301)

Steve Mnuchin

February 13, 2017

Secretary of Defense
(10 U.S.C. § 113)

James Mattis

January 20, 2017

Attorney General
(28 U.S.C. § 503)

Jeff Sessions

February 9, 2017

Secretary of the Interior
(43 U.S.C. § 1451)

Ryan Zinke

March 1, 2017

Secretary of Agriculture
(7 U.S.C. § 2202)

Sonny Perdue

April 25, 2017

Secretary of Commerce
(15 U.S.C. § 1501)

Wilbur Ross

February 28, 2017

Secretary of Labor
(29 U.S.C. § 551)

Alex Acosta

April 28, 2017

Secretary of Health and Human Services
(Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953,
67 Stat. 631 and 42 U.S.C. § 3501)

Eric Hargan

October 10, 2017
Acting

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
(42 U.S.C. § 3532)

Ben Carson

March 2, 2017

Secretary of Transportation
(49 U.S.C. § 102)

Elaine Chao

January 31, 2017

Secretary of Energy
(42 U.S.C. § 7131)

Rick Perry

March 2, 2017

Secretary of Education
(20 U.S.C. § 3411)

Betsy DeVos

February 7, 2017

Secretary of Veterans Affairs
(38 U.S.C. § 303)

David Shulkin

February 14, 2017

Secretary of Homeland Security
(6 U.S.C. § 112)

Kirstjen Nielsen

December 6, 2017

text: Cabinet-level officials[edit]

text: The following officials hold positions that are considered to be Cabinet-level positions. Cabinet-level officials attend Cabinet meetings, but are not official Cabinet Members:

text:
Cabinet-level Officials

Office
Incumbent
Term began

White House Chief of Staff
(Pub.L. 76–19, 53 Stat. 561, enacted April 3, 1939,
Executive Order 8248, Executive Order 10452,
Executive Order 12608)

John F. Kelly

July 31, 2017

Trade Representative
(19 U.S.C. § 2171)

Robert Lighthizer

May 15, 2017

Director of National Intelligence[7][8]
(50 U.S.C. § 3023)

Dan Coats

March 16, 2017

Ambassador to the United Nations
(22 U.S.C. § 287, Executive Order 9844, Executive Order 10108)

Nikki Haley

January 27, 2017

Director of the Office of Management and Budget
(31 U.S.C. § 502, Executive Order 11541,
Executive Order 11609, Executive Order 11717)

Mick Mulvaney

February 16, 2017

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency[7]
(50 U.S.C. § 3036)

Mike Pompeo

January 23, 2017

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
(5 U.S.C. § 906, Executive Order 11735)

Scott Pruitt

February 17, 2017

Administrator of the Small Business Administration
(15 U.S.C. § 633)

Linda McMahon

February 14, 2017

text: Former executive and Cabinet-level departments[edit]

text:
Department of War (1789–1947), headed by the Secretary of War: renamed Department of the Army by the National Security Act of 1947.
Department of the Navy (1798–1949), headed by the Secretary of the Navy: became a military department within the Department of Defense.
Post Office Department (1829–1971), headed by the Postmaster General: reorganized as the United States Postal Service, a government corporation.
National Military Establishment (1947-1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense: created by the National Security Act of 1947 and recreated as the Department of Defense in 1949.
Department of the Army (1947–1949), headed by the Secretary of the Army: became a military department within the Department of Defense.
Department of the Air Force (1947–1949), headed by the Secretary of the Air Force: became a military department within the Department of Defense.

text: Renamed heads of the executive departments[edit]

text:
Secretary of Foreign Affairs: created in July 1781 and renamed Secretary of State in September 1789.[9]
Secretary of War: created in 1789 and was renamed as Secretary of the Army by the National Security Act of 1947. The 1949 Amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 made the Secretary of the Army a subordinate to the Secretary of Defense.
Secretary of Commerce and Labor: created in 1903 and renamed Secretary of Commerce in 1913 when its labor functions were transferred to the new Secretary of Labor.
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare: created in 1953 and renamed Secretary of Health and Human Services in 1979 when its education functions were transferred to the new Secretary of Education.

text: Other positions no longer of Cabinet rank[edit]

text:
Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (1996–2001): created as an independent agency in 1979, raised to Cabinet rank in 1996,[10] and dropped from Cabinet rank in 2001.[11]
Director of Central Intelligence (1995–2001)[12][13][14]
Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (1993–2009)[15][16]
Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers (2009–2017)[17][18]

text: Proposed Cabinet departments[edit]

text:
"Department of Commerce" or "Department of Industry and Commerce", proposed by Secretary of the Treasury William Windom in a speech given at a Chamber of Commerce dinner in May 1881.[19]
"Department of Natural Resources", proposed by the Eisenhower administration,[20] President Richard Nixon,[21] the 1976 GOP national platform,[22] and by Bill Daley (as a consolidation of the Departments of the Interior and Energy, and the Environmental Protection Agency).[23]
"Department of Peace", proposed by Senator Matthew Neely in the 1930s, Congressman Dennis Kucinich, and other members of the U.S. Congress.[24][25]
"Department of Social Welfare", proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt in January 1937.[26]
"Department of Public Works", proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt in January 1937.[26]
"Department of Conservation" (renamed Department of Interior) proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt in January 1937.[26]
"Department of Urban Affairs and Housing", proposed by President John F. Kennedy.[27]
"Department of Business and Labor", proposed by President Lyndon Johnson.[28]
"Department of Community Development", proposed by President Richard Nixon; to be chiefly concerned with rural infrastructure development.[21][29]
"Department of Human Resources" proposed by President Richard Nixon; essentially a revised Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.[21]
"Department of Economic Affairs" proposed by President Richard Nixon; essentially a consolidation of the Departments of Commerce, Labor and Agriculture.[30]
"Department of Environmental Protection", proposed by Senator Arlen Specter and others.[31]
"Department of Intelligence", proposed by former Director of National Intelligence Mike McConnell.[32]
"Department of Global Development", proposed by the Center for Global Development.[33]
"Department of Arts", proposed by Quincy Jones.[34]
"Department of Business", proposed by President Barack Obama as a consolidation of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s core business and trade functions, the Small Business Administration, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, the Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency.[35][36]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
James K. Polk and his Cabinet in 1846. The first Cabinet to be photographed.

President Buchanan and his Cabinet

Abraham Lincoln met with his Cabinet for the first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation draft (July 26, 1862).

President Theodore Roosevelt's Cabinet

President William H. Taft's second cabinet, 1912
(photographed by Harris & Ewing photo studio)

The Nixon Cabinet, 1969

President Gerald R. Ford meeting with his Cabinet (June 25, 1976)

President Jimmy Carter's Cabinet meeting (February 13, 1978)

President Reagan and his Cabinet (September 11, 1986)

President George H. W. Bush and his Cabinet in the Cabinet Room (September 5, 1989).

The Clinton Cabinet, in 1993.

The Bush Cabinet (February 2008).

The first Obama Cabinet (September 2009).

The Trump Cabinet (March 13, 2017)


document_title: List of wars involving Switzerland

question_text: when was the last time switzerland went to war

text: List of wars involving Switzerland

text: Old Swiss Confederacy[edit]

text: Growth (1291–1523)[edit]

text:
Start
Finish
Name of Conflict
Belligerents
Outcome

Allies
Enemies

15 November 1315

Battle of Morgarten
part of

the growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy

 Old Swiss Confederacy
 Archduchy of Austria
Decisive Swiss victory
Pact of Brunnen

9 July 1386

Battle of Sempach
part of

the growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy

 Old Swiss Confederacy
 Archduchy of Austria
Decisive Swiss victory

2 November 1440
12 June 1446
Old Zürich War
 Old Swiss Confederacy
 Imperial City of Zürich
 Archduchy of Austria
 Kingdom of France

Swiss Confederation victory

1474
1477
Burgundian Wars
 Old Swiss Confederacy
 Kingdom of France

 Duchy of Burgundy
Franco-Swiss victory

January 1499
September 1499
Swabian War
 Old Swiss Confederacy
 Holy Roman Empire

Swabian League

Swiss Confederation victory
Treaty of Basel (1499):

Further independence of the Swiss Confederation from the Holy Roman Empire

1511
1516
War of the League of Cambrai
 Swiss mercenaries
 Papal States
 Spain
 Holy Roman Empire
 England  Duchy of Milan

 Venice
 France
 Scotland
 Duchy of Ferrara

Defeat

text: Reformation (1523–1648)[edit]

text:
Start
Finish
Name of Conflict
Belligerents
Outcome

Allies
Enemies

1529

First War of Kappel

Civil War of religions

Unresolved, no actual battles fought

1531

Musso war
Three Leagues
 Old Swiss Confederacy (Protestant cantons)

 Duchy of Milan
Victory
Increased Catholic-Protestant tension, leading to the Second War of Kappel

1531

Second War of Kappel

Civil War of religions

Catholic cantons victory

30 June 1422

Battle of Arbedo
 Old Swiss Confederacy
 Duchy of Milan
Defeat:

End of Swiss expansionism

text: Ancien Régime (1648–1798)[edit]

text:
Start
Finish
Name of Conflict
Belligerents
Outcome

Allies
Enemies

January 1653
June 1653
Swiss peasant war of 1653

Civil War

Military victory of the ruling city councils

1656 and 1712

The First War of Villmergen and the Toggenburg War (or Second War of Villmergen)

Civil Wars of religion

text: Napoleonic Era and Restoration (1798–1848)[edit]

text:
Start
Finish
Name of Conflict
Belligerents
Outcome

Allies
Enemies

1798
1799
French Revolutionary Wars

Swiss Campaign

Switzerland becomes a battlefield for Revolutionary France
French victory: creation of the Helvetic Republic, a French client state

1799
1802
War of the Second Coalition
 French Republic
 Polish Legions
French client states

 Austria
 Russia
 Great Britain (until 1801)
 United Kingdom (from 1801)
 French Royalists
 Portugal
 Two Sicilies
 Ottoman Empire

French Republic victory

1802

Stecklikrieg

Civil war

Collapse of the Helvetic Republic, French Act of Mediation and creation of the Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic)

1806
1807
War of the Fourth Coalition
 First French Empire
French client states

 Prussia
 Russia
 United Kingdom
 Saxony[a]
 Sweden
 Sicily
French victory

10 April 1809
14 October 1809
War of the Fifth Coalition
 First French Empire
French client states

 Austria

 Tyrol (in rebellion against Bavaria)

 United Kingdom
 Sicily
 Sardinia
 Black Brunswickers

French victory

1813
1814
War of the Sixth Coalition
 First French Empire
French client states

 Russia
 Prussia
 Austria
 United Kingdom
 Sweden
 Spain
 Portugal
 Sicily
 Sardinia
Defeat

20 March 1815
8 July 1815
War of the Seventh Coalition
Seventh Coalition:
 Austrian Empire
 Russian Empire
 Prussia
 United Kingdom
 Hanover
 Nassau
 Brunswick
 Sweden
 United Netherlands
 Spain
 Portugal
 Sardinia
 Sicily
 Tuscany
 Switzerland
 French Royalists

 First French Empire
 Naples
Coalition victory

3 November 1847
29 November 1847
Sonderbund War

Civil war

Rise of Switzerland as a federal state


document_title: Security categories in India

question_text: who are getting z+ security in india

question_tokens: who are getting z + security in india

text: Security categories in India

text: In India, security details are provided to some high-risk individuals by the police and local government. Depending on the threat perception to the person, the category is divided into four tiers: Z+ (highest level), Z, Y and X. Individuals under this security blanket include the President, Vice-President, Prime-Minister, Supreme Court and High Court Judges, Service Chiefs of Indian Armed Forces, Governors of State, Chief Ministers and Cabinet Ministers.[1]

text:
SPG category – Strength of security detail is Classified (only provided to the current and former Prime Ministers of India and their immediate family members.)
Z+ category has a security cover of 55 personnel [Including 10+  Commando] + [Police Personnel]
Z category has a security cover of 22 personnel  [Including 4 or 5 NSG Commando] + [Police Personnel]
Y category has a security cover of 11 personnel  [Including 1 or 2 Commando] + [Police Personnel]
X category has a security cover of 2 personnel [No Commando, Only Armed Police Personnel]

text: The Z+ level of security is provided by National Security Guard commandos. They are armed with Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns and modern communication equipment, and each member of the team is adept in martial arts and unarmed combat skills. Currently 17 VIPs are provided with such protection.[2]  The 'Z' category entails security cover by the Delhi police or the ITBP or CRPF personnel and one escort car. The 'Y' category encompasses two personal security officers (PSOs) and the 'X' category, one PSO.[3]

text: The SPG (Special Protection Group), NSG (National Security Guards), ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border Police) and CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force) are the agencies responsible for providing securities to VVIPs, VIPs, politicians, high-profile celebrities and sportspersons. The NSG is used extensively to guard VIPs and VVIPs, especially those in the Z+ category. Many NSG personnel are seconded to the Special Protection Group (SPG) which guards the Prime Minister.[4]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In some cases being placed in a category is viewed as a status symbol by politicians, and many use their clout to secure a Z+ security cover. This is criticized often by media as a waste of taxpayer's money.[5] Former Home Minister P. Chidambaram phased out the use of the NSG for VIP protection in all but the most serious cases. Nevertheless, controversies arose as many politicians remained under Z+ cover while many bureaucrats were moved down to Y.[citation needed]

text: In 2014 as a part of Z security, 25 personnel of the Central Reserve Police Force and the Punjab Police were put in attendance for the security of Ashutosh Maharaj, a spiritual leader who has been declared clinically dead by doctors.[6]

text: Failures[edit]

text: Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister was assassinated by members of her own security detail. Rajbir Singh, a famous encounter specialist was killed in March 2008 despite a Z-level security cover.[7] While under security cover, former Union Minister Pramod Mahajan was shot dead by his brother.


document_title: International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

question_text: who wants to be a millionaire in french

question_tokens: who wants to be a millionaire in french

text: This table lists all international variants in the television game show franchise Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? that have been broadcast since the debut of the original British version of the show on 4 September 1998.

text: International versions[edit]

text: Legend:      Currently airing       No longer airing       Future version

text:
Countries/regions
Title
Host
Network
Top prize
Premiere
Ended
Current/last used format

 Afghanistan (in Pashto)[1]
څوك غواري چې شي میلیونر؟
Sok Ghwari Chi Shi Millonar?
Aryan Khan
Najeeba Faiz
Shamshad TV
ATN
Af.1,000,000
October 17, 2008

Original format

 Afghanistan (in Persian)
کی ميخواهد میلیونر شود؟
Ke Mekhowahad Milyoner Shawad?
Walid Soroor
Khatera Yusufi
ATN
Af.1,000,000
June 25, 2010

Original format

 Albania
 Kosovo
Kush do të bëhet milioner?
Veton Ibrahimi
Fehmi Ferati
Agron Llakaj
RTK1
TV Klan
€50,000
December 15, 2008
July 30, 2012
Original format

Enkel Demi
RTSH
€25,000
March 7, 2014
2014
Risk format

 Angola
Quem quer ser milionário?
Jorge Antunes
TV Zimbo
3,000,000Kz
2009
Unknown
Original format

  Arab Maghreb
من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah Al-malyoon
Rachid El Ouali
Nessma TV
€500,000
August 22, 2009
September 3, 2010
Original format

 Arab world
من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah Al-malyoon
George Kurdahi
MBC 1
SR1,000,000
November 27, 2000
May 2004
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

من سيربح 2 مليون؟
Man Sayarbah 2 Malyoon
SR2,000,000
May 2004
June 2007

من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah al-Malyoon
SR1,000,000
January 12, 2010
August 3, 2010
12-question format (with 4 lifelines)

المليونير - الحلقة الأقوى
El milyoner - Elhalka elaqwa[2]
Maysa Maghrebi
Dubai TV
AED1,000,000
April 17, 2013
January 12, 2014
Hot Seat format

من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah Al-malyoon[3]
George Kurdahi
OSN Yahala HD
SR2,000,000
October 16, 2015
April 8, 2016
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

 Argentina
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Julián Weich
El Trece
AR₱1,000,000
May 2000
December 2002
Original format

 Armenia
Ո՞վէ ուզում դառնալ միլիոնատեր
Ov e uzum darnal milionater
Ashot Adamyan
Mark Saghatelyan
Arman Saghatelyan
Akop Rubinyan
Avet Barseghyan
Shant TV
դր.5,000,000
2003
2011
Original format (with 4 lifeline since the first guaranteed sum)

Egor Glumov
May 1, 2011
November 19, 2011

Avet Barseghyan

November 20, 2011
January 2012

March 30, 2013
June 30, 2013

December 2014
January 2015

 Australia
Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?
Eddie McGuire
Nine Network
A$1,000,000
A$5,000,000 (2007)
April 18, 1999
March 6, 2010
Original format & 16-question format (2007)

Millionaire Hot Seat
A$1,000,000 + A$1,000
April 20, 2009

New Hot Seat format (with lifelines available and 15-question Fastest Finger First)

 Austria
Alles ist möglich — Die 10-Millionen Show
Rainhard Fendrich
ORF
ATS10,000,000
ATS500,000 (Celebrity edition)
January 24, 2000
December 31, 2001
Risk format

Die Millionenshow
Barbara Stöckl
Armin Assinger
ATS10,000,000 (Until January 1, 2002), €1,000,000
€75,000, earlier €50,000 (Celebrity edition)
€100,000 (Junior edition)
January 1, 2002

 Azerbaijan
Milyonçu - Dövlətli olmaq istərdinmi
Ilhamiye Rzayeva
Azer Akhsham
Lider TV
100,000,000 man.
August 9, 2002
2007
Original format

 Bangladesh
কে হতে চায় কোটিপতি
Ke Hotey Chay Kotipoti
Asaduzzaman Noor
Desh TV
৳1,00,00,000
July 10, 2011
November 2, 2011
Original format

 Belgium (in French)
Qui sera millionnaire?
Alain Simons
RTL-TVI
10,000,000₣
€1,000,000
1999
2002
2009
2001
2008
Unknown
Original format

 Belgium (in Dutch)[4]
Wie wordt multimiljonair?
Walter Grootaers
Staf Coppens
VTM
20,000,000₣
1999
2002
Original format (1999-2006)
Revised Hot Seat format (with 5-question Fastest Finger First and lifelines available) (2017)

Wie wordt euromiljonair?
€1,000,000
2002
August 7, 2017
2006
present

 Brazil [5]
Quem quer ser um milionário?
Luciano Huck
Rede Globo
R$1,000,000
May 6, 2017

Original format

 Bulgaria
Стани богат
Stani bogat
Niki Kunchev
Nova TV
100,000лв
200,000лв (2008)
May 12, 2001
May 30, 2014
12-question format

 Canada (in English)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition
Pamela Wallin
CTV
CA$1,000,000
September 13, 2000
September 14, 2000
Original format

 Cambodia[6]
អ្នកនឹងក្លាយជាសេដ្ឋី
Neak Neng Klay Chea Sethey
Ith Setha
CTN
៛100,000,000
June 29, 2013

Original format

 Chile
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Don Francisco
Sergio Lagos
Canal 13
CLP$100,000,000
CLP$65,000,000
April 2001
2003
Original format

¿Quién merece ser millonario?
Don Francisco
CLP$120,000,000
2006
2008
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

Sergio Lagos
September 2, 2010
December 30, 2010
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario?: Alta tensión
Diana Bolocco
Sergio Lagos
January 6, 2011
2012
Hot Seat format

 China
百万智多星
Bai Wan Zhi Duo Xing
Li Fan
GuiZhou TV
CN¥1,000,000
September 27, 2007
2008
Original format

 Colombia
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Paulo Laserna Phillips
Canal Caracol
$200,000,000
$210,000,000
$300,000,000
September 2, 2000
December 10, 2011
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

RCN
March 10, 2013
November 7, 2015
(season 2)
Original format (with 4 lifelines as of 2015)

 Costa Rica
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Ignacio Santos Pasamontes
Teletica
₡25,000,000
₡30,000,000
February 3, 2009
September 3, 2013
Original format (with 4 lifeline since the first guaranteed sum)

 Croatia
Tko želi biti milijunaš?
Tarik Filipović
HRT 1
1,000,000Kn
March 24, 2002
June 3, 2010
Original format

 Czech Republic
Chcete být milionářem?
Vladimír Čech†
Martin Preiss
Ondřej Hejma
Telka-Nova TV
10,000,000Kč
October 16, 2000
September 4, 2005
Original format

Marek Vašut
Nova
March 23, 2016
September 27, 2016
Original format or Risk format (contestant's choice)

June 21, 2017[7]
August 23, 2017

Milionář
Roman Šmucler
TV Prima
2,000,000Kč
February 4, 2008
September 2008
Original format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 Denmark
Hvem vil være millionær?
Peter Kær
Jes Dorph Petersen
Hans Pilgaard
TV2
1,000,000Kr
September 9, 1999

Original format

Hvem vil være millionær: Alle mod alle
Hans Pilgaard
2,000,000Kr
2009
2009
Hot Seat format

 El Salvador
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Willie Maldonado
Telecorporación Salvadoreña
NZ$200,000,00
March 3, 2010
date unknown
Original format

 Ecuador
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros
Ecuavisa
A$25,000
A$50,000
2001
August 23, 2009
2004
November 28, 2010
Original format

¿Quién quiere ser millonario?: Alta tensión
Estéfani Espín
A$100,000
July 1, 2012
December 23, 2012
Hot Seat format

 Egypt
المليونير
El Milyoner
George Kurdahi
Al hayat TV2/1
1,000,000 ج.م
July 20, 2012
April 24, 2013
October 29, 2012
Unknown
Original format and clock format

 Estonia
Kes tahab saada miljonäriks?
Hannes Võrno
TV3
1,000,000Kr
September 8, 2002
December 3, 2008
Original format

 Finland
Haluatko miljonääriksi?
Lasse Lehtinen
Nelonen
1,000,000mk
€200,000
November 12, 1999
May 15, 2005
Original format

Ville Klinga
MTV3
€1,000,000
September 3, 2005
March 4, 2007

Jaajo Linnonmaa
Nelonen
€1,000,000
January 23, 2016

 France
Qui veut gagner des millions?
Jean-Pierre Foucault
TF1
3,000,000₣
4,000,000₣
1,000,000€
July 3, 2000
January 1, 2016
12-question format

 Georgia
ვის უნდა ოცი ათასი?
Vis Unda 20000
Duta Skhirtladze
Rustavi 2
20,000ლ
2001
2005
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

Mamuka Gamkrelidze
September 23, 2009
July 26, 2011

 Germany
Wer wird Millionär?
Günther Jauch
RTL
DM1,000,000
€1,000,000
€2,000,000 (Gamblers Special - Autumn 2013)
September 3, 1999

Risk format

 Ghana
Who Wants to Be Rich?
Kafui Dey
GTV
₵50,000
October 4, 2009
2012
Original format

 Greece
 Cyprus

Ποιος Θέλει Να Γίνει Εκατομμυριούχος?
Poios thelei na ginei Ekatommyriouchos?
Spiros Papadopoulos
Mega
₯50,000,000
October 4, 1999
2002
Original format

€150,000

NET
2002
2005

Theodore Atheridis

Alpha TV
€250,000
2005
2006

Millionaire Hot Seat
Yannis Zouganelis
Skai TV
€100,000
2014
2016
Hot Seat format

 Honduras
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Juan Carlos Pineda
Televicentro
L1,000,000
July 2, 2012
Date unknown
Original format

 Hong Kong
百萬富翁
Baak Maan Fu Yung
Kenneth Chan
ATV
HK$1,000,000
April 30, 2000
March 20, 2005
Original format

Stephen Chan
January 29, 2018

 Hungary
Legyen Ön is milliomos!
István Vágó
RTL Klub
25,000,000Ft
February 29, 2000
February 29, 2008
Original format

40,000,000Ft

Sándor Fábry
September 17, 2009
February 18, 2010

Sándor Friderikusz
February 29, 2012
May 30, 2012

RTL II
October 1, 2012
March 25, 2013

Legyen Ön is milliomos! - felpörgetve
Sándor Fábry
RTL Klub
March 18, 2010
May 27, 2010
Hot Seat format

 Iceland
Viltu vinna milljón?
Þorsteinn J
Stöð 2
1,000,000Kr
December 26, 2000
2005
Original format

Jónasar R. Jónssonar
5,000,000Kr

 India (in Hindi)
Kaun Banega Crorepati
Amitabh Bachchan
STAR Plus
₹10,000,000
June 3, 2000 (Season 1)
August 5, 2005 (Season 2)
2001 (Season 1)
2006 (Season 2)
Original format and Clock format
Hot Seat format (Hot seat only with celebrity contestants)

₹20,000,000

Shahrukh Khan
January 22, 2007 (Season 3)
April 19, 2007 (Season 3)

Amitabh Bachchan
Sony TV
₹50,000,000
October 11, 2010 (Season 4)
August 15, 2011 (Season 5)
September 7, 2012 (Season 6)
December 9, 2010 (Season 4)
November 17, 2011 (Season 5)
January 26, 2013 (Season 6)

₹70,000,000
September 6, 2013 (Season 7)
August 17, 2014 (Season 8)
August 28, 2017 (Season 9)
December 1, 2013 (Season 7)
November 16, 2014 (Season 8)
November 7, 2017 (Season 9)
16-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline)

 India (in Malayalam)
നിങ്ങൾക്കും ആകാം കോടീശ്വരൻ
Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran
Suresh Gopi
Asianet
₹ 10,000,000
April 9, 2012
August 23, 2012 (Season 1)
July 18, 2013 (Season 2)
June 18, 2015 (Season 3)
July 6, 2017 (Season 4)
Original format and clock format

 India (in Tamil)
நீங்களும் வெல்லலாம் ஒரு கோடி
Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi
Suriya (Season 1)
Prakash Raj (Season 2)
Arvind Swamy
STAR Vijay
₹ 10,000,000
February 27, 2012

Original format and clock format

 India (in Telugu)
మీలో ఎవరు కోటీశ్వరుడు
Meelo Yevaru Koteeswarudu
Akkineni Nagarjuna (Season 1-3)

Chiranjeevi
Maa TV
₹ 10,000,000
June 9, 2014

Original format and clock format

 India (in Kannada)
ಕನ್ನಡದ ಕೋಟ್ಯಾಧಿಪತಿ
Kannadada Kotyadhipati
Puneet Rajkumar
Suvarna TV
₹ 10,000,000
March 12, 2012
July 28, 2012
Original format and clock format

 India (in Marathi)[8]
कोण होईल मराठी करोडपती
Kon Hoeel Marathi Crorepati
Sachin Khedekar[9]
ETV Marathi
₹ 10,000,000
May 8, 2013
Unknown
Original format and clock format

 India (in Bengali)
কে হবে বাংলার কোটিপতি
Ke Hobe Banglar Kotipoti
Sourav Ganguly
Mahuaa Bangla
₹ 10,000,000
June 4, 2011
Unknown
Original format

 India (Bhojpuri)
के बनी क्रोरेपती
Ke Bani Crorepati
Shatrughan Sinha
Mahuaa TV
₹ 10,000,000
June 6, 2011
August 12, 2011
Original format

 Indonesia
Who wants to be a millionaire?
Tantowi Yahya
RCTI
Rp.1,000,000,000
August 5, 2000
July 30, 2006
Original format

Super Milyarder 3 Milyar
Dian Sastrowardoyo
ANTV
Rp.3,000,000,000
September 24, 2006
January 21, 2007
Original format (with 4th lifeline since the first guaranteed sum)

Who Wants To Be a Millionaire Hot Seat
Ferdy Hasan
RCTI
Rp.500,000,000
September 13, 2010
October 31, 2010
Hot Seat format

 Ireland
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Gay Byrne
RTÉ One
IR£1,000,000
17 October 2000
29 March 2002
Original format

€1,000,000

 Israel
?מי רוצה להיות מיליונר
Mi rotseh lehiyot milyoner?
Yoram Arbel
Channel 2
Channel 10
₪1,000,000
November 18, 1999
2005
2003
2006
Original format

 Italy
Chi vuol essere miliardario?
Gerry Scotti
Canale 5
1,000,000,000₤
May 24, 2000
November 4, 2001
Original format (with one guaranteed sum)
Hot Seat format

Chi vuol essere milionario?
€1,000,000
March 11, 2002
April 29, 2018

July 29, 2011

Chi vuol essere milionario? – Edizione Straordinaria
December 15, 2008
March 29, 2009

 Ivory Coast
Qui veut gagner des millions?
Bamba Bakary
Yves Zogbo junior-senior
RTI
CFA30,000,000
October 8, 2010
September 7, 2013
Original format

 Japan
クイズ＄ミリオネア
kuizu$mirionea
Monta Mino
Fuji TV
¥10,000,000
¥1,000,000 Junior edition
April 20, 2000
January 2, 2013
Original format, later Clock format, then back to Original format.

 Kazakhstan (in Russian)
Кто возьмёт миллион?
Kto vozmyot million
Eugene Zhumanov
Serik Akishev
KTK
Khabar
₸5,000,000
₸10,000,000
May 19, 2001
September 16, 2017
September 30, 2006
present
Original format

 Kazakhstan (in Kazakh)
Миллион кiмге бұйырады?
Mïllïon kimge buyıradı?
Eskender Serkebayev
Khabar
₸5,000,000
2005
2006
Original format

 Kenya
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Fayyaz Qureshi
KTN
5,000,000Ksh
October 13, 2000
Unknown
Original format

 Kurdistan
Milyonêr
Ciwan Haco
Kanal4
100,000,000IQD
November 2009
Unknown
Original format (with 4 guaranteed sums, each after 3 questions)

 Kyrgyzstan
Миллионер болгуң келеби?
Millioner bolgung kelebi?
Erkin Ryskulbekov
KTRK
3,000,000 som
1,000,000 som
September 4, 2016

Original format

 Latvia
Gribi būt miljonārs?
Martinš Kibilds
Girts Licis
TV3
50,000 Ls.
10,000 Ls. (2002–2003)
2002
2008
Original format

 Lithuania
Kas laimės milijoną?
Henrikas Vaitiekūnas
Vytautas Kernagis†
TV3
1,000,000Lt.
May 16, 2002
August 18, 2005
Original format

 Macedonia
Кој сака да биде милионер?
Koj saka da bide milioner?
Sašo Macanovski Trendo
A1
3,000,000ден
4,000,000ден
August 23, 2004
November 2009
Original format

 Malaysia (in Malay)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Jalaluddin Hassan
NTV7
RM1,000,000
June 5, 2000[10]
2002
Original format

 Malaysia (in Mandarin)
百万富翁
Bai Wan Fu Weng
Victor Gu
NTV7
RM1,000,000
2001
2003
Original format

 Mauritius
Qui veut gagner des millions?
Sandra Mayotte
MBC
Rs. 1,000,000
January-March 2018

Original format

 Mexico
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Pablo Latapí
Azteca
MX$3,000,000
MX$1,500,000
March 23, 2010
2012
Original format

 Moldova
Vrei să fii milionar?[11]
Dan Negru
Prime TV
MDL1,000,000
December 4, 2011
June 2013
Original format

 Netherlands
(Lotto) Weekend Miljonairs
Robert ten Brink
SBS 6
RTL 4
ƒ1,000,000
€1,000,000
February 6, 1999
May 24, 2008
12-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

Lotto Weekend Miljonairs
Jeroen van der Boom
SBS 6
€1,000,000
March 12, 2011
October 15, 2011
12-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 New Zealand
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand
Mike Hosking
TV One
NZ$1,000,000
September 9, 2008
November 11, 2008
Original format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 Nigeria
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Frank Edoho
NTA, Silverbird TV
₦10,000,000
October 8, 2004
June 25, 2017 [12]
Original format

 Norway
Vil du bli millionær?
Arve Juritzen
Frithjof Wilborn
Sarah Natasha Melbye
TV2
2,000,000Kr
January 10, 2000
2008
Original format

Vil du bli millionær? Hotseat
Sarah Natasha Melbye
2009
2011
Hot Seat format

 Pakistan
Kya Aap Banaingay Crorepati?
Moin Akhtar
ARY Digital
₨10,000,000
2003
2004
Original format

 Panama
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Atenógenes Rodríguez
Telemetro
B/.100,000
July 9, 2009
December 29, 2011
Original format

 Peru
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Guido Lombardi
Red Global
1,000,000S/.
2001
2002
Original format

 Philippines
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Christopher de Leon
IBC
₱2,000,000
November 20, 2000
December 14, 2002
Original format

Vic Sotto
TV5
May 23, 2009
May 15, 2011
July 1, 2012
September 15, 2013
May 10, 2015
October 2, 2010
February 26, 2012
October 7, 2012
January 11, 2015
November 22, 2015
Original format and Risk format (with 4th lifeline)

 Poland
Milionerzy
Hubert Urbański
TVN
1,000,000zł
September 3, 1999
January 26, 2003
Original format

January 19, 2008
December 19, 2010
12-question format and Risk format

February 9, 2017

12-question format

 Portugal
Quem quer ser milionário?
Carlos Cruz
RTP 1
50,000,000$00
January 2000
May 2000
Original format

Maria Elisa Domingues
September 2000
January 2001

Diogo Infante
January 2001
April 2001

Jorge Gabriel
€250,000
September 2003
January 2008
January 2005
June 2008

Manuela Moura Guedes
€100,000
September 23, 2013
April 24, 2015

Quem quer ser milionário? Alta Pressão
José Carlos Malato
€100,000
July 5, 2010
April 28, 2015
September 16, 2011
December 30, 2015
Hot Seat format

 Romania
Vrei să fii miliardar?
Virgil Ianțu
Prima TV
1,000,000,000 lei
2000
2003
Original format

Vrei să fii milionar?
Kanal D
1,000,000 lei
August 24, 2011
November 29, 2012
Original format (with 4th lifeline after the second guaranteed sum)

Prima TV
March 22, 2014
2014

 Russia
О, счастливчик!
O, schastlivchik!
Dmitry Dibrov
NTV
1,000,000 ₽
October 1, 1999
January 27, 2001
Risk format

Кто хочет стать миллионером?
Kto khochet stat' millionerom?
Maxim Galkin
Dmitry Dibrov
ORT
1,000,000 ₽
3,000,000 ₽
February 19, 2001

 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Želite li da postanete milioner?
Ivan Zeljković
BKTV
3,000,000din.
May 6, 2002
April 24, 2006
Original format (with 4th lifeline after the first guaranteed sum)

B92
Prva (ex Fox)
5,000,000din
April 9, 2007
2010
June 22, 2009
2011

 Singapore (in Mandarin)
百万大赢家
Bai wan da ying jia
Cao Qitai
MediaCorp TV Channel 8
S$1,000,000
August 16, 2000
2004
Original format

 Singapore (in English)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Mark Van Cuylenburg
MediaCorp TV Channel 5
April 19, 2000
2004

 Slovakia
Milionár
Martin Nikodým
Markíza
1,000,000Sk
5,000,000Sk
September 2000
2006
Original format

Iveta Malachovská
Jednotka
10,000,000Sk
April 12, 2007
March 26, 2008
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

 Slovenia
Lepo je biti milijonar - Kviz z Jonasom
Jonas Žnidaršič
POP TV
10,000,000SIT
March 2000
2003
Original format

Lepo je biti milijonar
Boštjan Romih
POP TV
15,000,000SIT
2003
2005

Milijonar
Jonas Žnidaršič
TV SLO 1
€100,000
March 1, 2007
January 1, 2008

 South Africa
Who wants to be a millionaire?
Jeremy Maggs
M-NET
R1,000,000
November 7, 1999
2005
Original format

 South Korea
퀴즈쇼 밀리어네어
Kwijeusyo Millieoneeo
Kim Kap-soo
tvN
₩500,000,000
May 26, 2013
June 2, 2013
Clock format

 Spain
¿Quiere ser millonario? 50 por 15
Carlos Sobera
Telecinco
50,000,000₧
April 19, 1999
2001
12-question format

¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Carlos Sobera
Antonio Garrido
Antena 3
€1,000,000
July 25, 2005
May 18, 2009
May 2008
July 2009

El millonario[13]
Núria Roca
laSexta
€100,000
February 15, 2012
July 31, 2012
Hot Seat format

 Sri Lanka (in Sinhalese)
ඔබ ද ලක්ෂපති මම ද ලක්ෂපති
Obada Lakshapathi Mamada Lakshapathi
Lucky Dias
Chandana Suriyabandara
Sirasa TV
Rs.2,000,000
September 18, 2010
October 1, 2017
Original format

 Sri Lanka (in Tamil)
உங்களில் யார் மகா இலட்சாதிபதி
Ungali Yaar Maha Latchathipathi
Aparna Cutan
Shakthi TV
Rs.2,000,000
May 2011

Original format

Balendran Kandeeban 2012

 Sri Lanka (in English)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Riyaz Shah Jahan
MTV Sports
Rs.2,000,000
May 12, 2012

Original format

 Sweden
Vem vill bli miljonär?
Bengt Magnusson
TV4
10,000,000Kr 3,000,000Kr
January 21, 2000
2003
Original format and Risk format

Postkodmiljonären
Rickard Sjöberg
1,000,000kr
2005

  Switzerland
Wer wird Millionär?
René Rindlisbacher
TV3
₣1,000,000
March 27, 2000
2001
Risk format

Claudio Zuccolini
3+
November 29, 2011
December 13, 2011

 Taiwan
超級大富翁
Chao ji da fu weng
Hsie Zhen-wu
TTV
NT$1,000,000
2000
2006
Original format

 Thailand
เกมเศรษฐี
Traiphop Limpapath
ThaiTV 3
ITV
TITV
1,000,000฿
March 4, 2000
January 14, 2008
16-question format

12-question format

 Turkey
Kim 500 Milyar İster?
Kenan Işık
Show TV
Kanal D
500.000.000.000 TL
March 7, 2000
2004
Original format

Kim 500 Bin İster?
Kenan Işık
Haluk Bilginer
Show TV
500.000 YTL
2005
2007

Kim Bir Milyon İster?
Kenan Işık
Star TV
1.000.000 YTL
February 1, 2008
2009
16-question format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

Kim Milyoner Olmak İster[14]
Kenan Işık
Selçuk Yöntem
Murat Yıldırım
aTV
1.000.000 TL
August 2, 2011

12-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 Uganda
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Alan Kasujja
NTV
25,000,000USh
January 31, 2011
2012
Original format

 Ukraine
Хто хоче стати мiльйонером? Перший мільйон
Khto khoche staty milyonerom? Pershy milyon
Daniel Yanevsky
Anatoly Borsiuk
Ostap Stupka
1+1
1,000,000Ukrainian hryvnia
November 10, 2000
January 2006
Original format

Мільйонер - Гаряче крісло
Milyoner - Garyache Krislo
Vladimir Zelensky
Inter
February 15, 2011
August 13, 2011
Hot Seat format

 United Kingdom
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Chris Tarrant
ITV
£1,000,000
September 4, 1998
February 11, 2014
12-question format & Clock format & Original format

 United States
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Regis Philbin
ABC
US$1,000,000
August 16, 1999
June 27, 2002
Original format

August 9, 2009
August 23, 2009
Original format & Clock format

Meredith Vieira (2002–13)
Cedric the Entertainer (2013-14)
Terry Crews (2014–15)
Chris Harrison (2015-present)

Television syndication
September 16, 2002
June 2010

September 13, 2010

Shuffle format (2010–2015)
Original format with 14 questions (2015–present)

Who Wants to Be a Super Millionaire?
Regis Philbin
ABC
US$10,000,000
February 22–26, 2004
May 2004
May 2004
Original format with 15 questions

 Uruguay
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Andrés Tulipano
Teledoce
US$40,000
2001
Early 2002
Original format

 Venezuela
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Eladio Lárez
RCTV
Bs.100,000,000
Bs.200,000,000
Bs.F200,000
August 23, 2000
January 20, 2010
Risk format

Televen
Bs.F250,000
Bs.F300,000
Bs.F400,000
Bs.F500,000
Bs.F2,000,000
May 8, 2011
March 4, 2012
November 27, 2011

 Vietnam
Ai là triệu phú
Lại Văn Sâm
VTV3
₫50,000,000
₫100,000,000
₫120,000,000
₫150,000,000
January 4, 2005
July 5, 2011
Present
Original format

Ai Là Triệu Phú - Ghế nóng
₫120,000,000
September 7, 2010
June 28, 2011
Hot Seat format

text: Catchphrases "Is that your final answer?"[edit]

text: The Millionaire franchise's catchphrase is "Is that your final answer?" (more commonly said by some versions' hosts as "Final answer?" or simply "Final?"), a question derived from a rule requirement that the players must clearly indicate their choices before being made official (since the nature of the game allows the player to think aloud about the options before committing to an answer). As a side effect, once a final answer has been given, it cannot be changed. Many parodies of the game show capitalised on this phrase. However, not every version has taken over such a catchphrase so that the answer is stated rather informally in that case.

text: Players can preempt the host from asking this question by themselves stating "final answer" or some variant after they declare their choice.

text: Another hallmark of the show is using dramatic pauses before the host acknowledges whether or not the answer was correct. Occasionally, on some versions, if it is time to go for a commercial break, the host will take the final answer but not announce if it is correct until after the break.

text:
Country
Host
Question
Translation

  Arab Maghreb
Rachid El Ouali
اللي ليها ليها؟
Elli leeha leeha?
What did happen to happen?

 Arab World
George Kurdahi
جواب نهائي؟
Jawab Nihaeyy?
Final answer?

Maysa Maghrebi
نثبت؟
Nthabbet?
Fix it?

 Argentina
Julián Weich
¿Respuesta final?
Final answer?

 Armenia
Avet Barseghyan
Սա Ձեր վերջնակա՞ն պատասխանն է:
Sa Dzer verjnaka n pataskhann e
Is that your final answer?

 Australia
Eddie McGuire
Lock it in?
N/A

 Azerbaijan
Azer Akhsham
Son qərarnızdır?
Is this your final decision?

 Belgium
Walter Grootaers
Is dit je definitieve antwoord?
Is this your definitive answer?

Alain Simons
C'est votre dernier mot?
Is that your final word?

 Brazil
Luciano Huck
Resposta Final?
Final answer?

 Chile
Don Francisco, Sergio Lagos
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

Diana Bolocco

 People's Republic of China
Li Fan
确定吗？
Que ding ma?
Are you sure to the answer?

 Colombia
Paulo Laserna Phillips
¿Última palabra?
Final word?

 Costa Rica
Ignacio Santos
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Denmark
Peter Kær
Er det dit endelige svar?
Is that your final answer?

Jes Dorph-Petersen

Hans Pilgaard

 Ecuador
Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros
¿Última palabra?
Final word?

Estéfani Espín

 El Salvador
Willie Maldonado
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Finland
Lasse Lehtinen
Ville Klinga
Jaajo Linnonmaa
Lukitaanko vastaus?
Shall we lock the answer?

 France
Jean-Pierre Foucault
C'est votre dernier mot?
Is that your final word?

 Hungary
István Vágó
Végleges?,Megjelöljük?
Final?, Shall we mark it?

 Hong Kong
Kenneth Chan
最後答案?
Zeoi hau daap ngon?
Final answer?

 Israel
Yoram Arbel
 ?סופי
Sofi?
Finally?

 Iceland
Þorsteinn J
Loka svar?
Final answer?

 India
Amitabh Bachchan
लॉक किया जाए?
Lock kiya jaye?
Lock it?

Shah Rukh Khan
फ्रिज़ करें?
Freeze kare?
Freeze it?

Akkineni Nagarjuna
Lock cheseyana?
Shall I lock it?

Prakash Raj
Lock panallama?
Shall we lock it?

Suresh Gopi
Lock cheyyam?
Let's lock?

Puneet Rajkumar
Lock maadoda?
Can it be locked?

 Italy
Gerry Scotti
È la tua risposta definitiva? L'accendiamo?
Is that your definitive answer? Shall we light it up?

 Japan
Monta Mino
ファイナルアンサー？
Fainaruansā?
Final answer?

 Malaysia
Jalaluddin Hassan
Jawapan muktamad?
Final answer?

 Mexico
Pablo Latapí
¿Decisión absoluta?
Absolute decision?

 New Zealand
Mike Hosking
Lock it in?
N/A

 Panama
Atenogenes Rodriguez
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Poland
Hubert Urbański
Ostatecznie? Definitywnie? Czy to jest twoja ostateczna odpowiedź?
Finally? Definitely? Is that your final answer?

 Portugal
Jorge Gabriel
Quer que bloqueie?
Shall I lock?

Manuela Moura Guedes

 Romania
Virgil Ianțu
Răspuns final?
Final answer?

 Russia
Dmitry Dibrov
Это ваш окончательный ответ?
Eto vash okonchatel'nyy otvet
This is your final answer?

Maxim Galkin

 Slovenia
Jonas Žnidaršič
Je to Vaš zadnji odgovor?
Is that your final answer?

 Spain
Carlos Sobera
¿La marcamos? ¿Respuesta final?
Shall we mark it? Final answer?

 Turkey
Selçuk Yöntem
Son kararınız mı?
Your final decision?

 Venezuela
Eladio Lárez
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Vietnam
Lại Văn Sâm-Thiên Bảo
Câu trả lời cuối cùng của bạn là?
Your final answer is?


document_title: Gifted (film)

question_text: where was the movie gifted filmed in florida

text: Gifted (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a small town near Tampa, Florida, seven-year-old Mary Adler lives with uncle and de facto guardian, Frank. Her best friend is her 40-ish neighbor, Roberta. On her first day of first grade, she shows remarkable mathematical talent, which impresses her teacher, Bonnie Stevenson. There, despite her initial disdain for average children her own age and her boredom with their classwork, she begins to bond with them when she brings her one-eyed cat, Fred, for show-and-tell and later defends a classmate from a bully on the bus. Mary is offered a scholarship to a private school for gifted children. However, Frank turns it down. Based on his family's experiences with similar schools, he fears Mary will not have a chance at a "normal" childhood.

text: It emerges that Mary's mother, Diane, had been a promising mathematician, dedicated to the Navier–Stokes problem (one of the unsolved Millennium Prize Problems) before taking her own life when Mary was six months old. Mary has lived with Frank, a former college professor turned boat repairman, ever since.

text: Frank's estranged mother and Mary's maternal grandmother, Evelyn, seeks to gain custody of Mary and move her to Massachusetts, believing that Mary is a "one-in-a-billion" mathematical prodigy who should be specially tutored in preparation for a life devoted to mathematics, much as Diane was. However, Frank is adamant that his sister would want Mary to be in a normal public school and have the childhood she didn't have. Worried that the judge will rule against him and he will lose Mary completely, Frank accepts a compromise brokered by his lawyer Greg Cullen that sees Mary placed in foster care and attend the private school where Evelyn wants to have her enrolled. The foster parents live just 25 minutes from Frank's home, Frank will be entitled to scheduled visits, and Mary will be able to decide where she wants to live after her 12th birthday.

text: Mary is devastated at being placed in foster care, and her foster father says she refuses to see Frank. When Bonnie sees a picture of Fred up for adoption, she alerts Frank. Frank retrieves the cat from the pound and, learning that Fred was brought in due to allergy issues, realizes that Evelyn—who is allergic to cats—is overseeing Mary's education in the guest house of Mary's foster home. He then reveals to Evelyn—who had been a mathematician herself—that Diane had solved the Navier–Stokes problem, but stipulated that the solution was to be withheld until Evelyn's death. Knowing that it meant everything to Evelyn to see Diane solve the problem, Frank offers to publish Diane's work if Evelyn drops her objection to him having custody of Mary. Evelyn reluctantly agrees.

text: The film ends with Mary back in the custody of Frank, returning to public school while taking college-level courses in the mornings.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chris Evans as Frank Adler, the uncle of Mary.
Mckenna Grace as Mary Adler, the gifted niece of Frank.
Lindsay Duncan as Evelyn Adler, Mary's grandmother and Frank's mother.
Jenny Slate as Bonnie Stevenson, Mary's teacher.
Octavia Spencer as Roberta Taylor, Mary and Frank's neighbor.
Glenn Plummer as Greg Cullen, Frank's attorney.
John Finn as Aubrey Highsmith
Elizabeth Marvel as Gloria Davis, the school principal and Bonnie's boss.
Jon Sklaroff as Seymour Shankland, the head of MIT's math department.
Jona Xiao as Lijuan
Julie Ann Emery as Pat Golding
Keir O'Donnell as Bradley Pollard
John M. Jackson as Edward Nichols, the judge of Mary's custody trial.

text: Production[edit]

text: In August 2015, it was announced Chris Evans had been cast in the film, with Marc Webb directing from a screenplay by Tom Flynn.[3] In September 2015, Mckenna Grace, Octavia Spencer, Lindsay Duncan and Jenny Slate joined the cast,[4][5] and in November 2015, Julie Ann Emery was also added.[6]

text: Filming began in October 2015 in Savannah, Georgia, as well as in Tybee Island, Georgia.[7] and finished Nov 20, 2015.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was scheduled to be released on April 12, 2017, but was pushed up to April 7, 2017.[8]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Gifted grossed $24.8 million in the United States and Canada and $17.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $42.6 million, against a production budget of $7 million.[2]

text: The film went wide on Wednesday, April 12, 2017, and in its opening weekend grossed $3.1 million, finishing 6th at the box office. In its second weekend of wide expansion, it added more screens, and made $4.6 million, an increase of 47.5% from the previous week.[9]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Gifted has an approval rating of 73% based on 163 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Gifted isn't quite as bright as its pint-sized protagonist, but a charming cast wrings respectably engaging drama out of a fairly predictable premise."[10] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[11] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[12]

text: Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "Sure, it's a simple, straightforward film, but sometimes that's all you need as long as its heart is true."[13] Richard Roeper gave the film 4 out of 4 stars and said, "Gifted isn't the best or most sophisticated or most original film of the year so far – but it just might be my favorite."[14]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Young Performer
Mckenna Grace
Nominated
[15]

NAACP Image Awards
January 15, 2018
Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
Octavia Spencer
Won
[16]