document_title: April Kepner

question_text: when do april and jackson get together on grey's anatomy

question_tokens: when do april and jackson get together on grey 's anatomy

text: April Kepner

text: Storylines[edit]

text:
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text: April Kepner was born in Columbus, Ohio on April 23, 1982.[8] Her mother Karen is a teacher and her father Joe is a farmer. She is the second of four daughters; her sisters are Libby, Kimmie, and Alice. Kepner is initially a surgical resident at Mercy West Hospital. She joins the staff at Seattle Grace Mercy West after the merger of the two hospitals, alongside Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams), Reed Adamson (Nora Zehetner), and Charles Percy (Robert Baker). Kepner is first shown to possess a red diary, in which she writes all her feelings and thoughts which is stolen by Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh). Grey uses the personal information written in the notebook to unnerve and blackmail Kepner but later apologizes. After she made a mistake that led to a patient's death, she is fired. However, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) rehires her when he becomes the new Chief of Surgery. As she is not confident anymore, she spends her time doing errands for Shepherd and develops a crush on him, earning her the nickname "Shepherd's flunky". In the season six finale, she discovers the body of her best friend Reed Adamson, who has been shot. She later runs into the shooter, Gary Clark, who lets her go after she tells him about her life after remembering a technique she says she learned from Oprah. Following the shooting, Kepner and Avery move into Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) house.

text: Kepner reveals that she is a virgin because she is a Christian and made a promise to God to stay a virgin until she was married, she also states that she thinks men find her annoying after yelling at Alex, Meredith, Lexie and Jackson about secrets, she claims that the fact that she is a 28 year old virgin is not a drinks conversation. She shows potential as a trauma surgeon during a trauma drill. She develops feelings for Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) who almost makes her lose her virginity. When Avery, now her best friend finds out about this, he assaults Karev. Later, Kepner agrees to go on a date with Robert Stark, believing him to have a good side. Her fellow residents make fun of her which prompts her to break up with him. April also impresses Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and she is ultimately granted the position of Chief Resident in the season seven finale. Kepner initially struggles with her new status as her fellow doctors do not listen to her and do not take her seriously.

text: As the end of the fifth year of residency is near, the surgical residents, including Kepner, prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining. The night before taking the exam, April loses her virginity to Avery. This causes her to re-evaluate her faith during her Boards Exams, making the examiners feel uncomfortable. It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams. She receives phone calls from other hospital retracting their offers of fellowships and is laid off from Seattle Grace. Although Avery has true feelings for her, she pushes him away because she believes that he feels guilty for having sex with her. As a celebration of the conclusion of their residencies, the former chief of surgery Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) organizes his annual dinner for them. The eighth season ends with Kepner, Avery, Karev and Webber waiting for Meredith and Yang, who are victims of an aviation accident.

text: Months later, Hunt goes to visit April, who had moved back to her parents' farm in Moline, Ohio. In the wake of the tragic aviation accident, he offers her an attending position at the hospital. When she gets back to Seattle Grace, she resumes her sexual relationship with Avery, despite claiming she wants to re-virginise. April has a pregnancy scare and Jackson promises that he will be there every step of the way, even marry her, if she tests positive. When April finds out that she is not pregnant, she is overjoyed, but inadvertently hurts Jackson's feelings by saying that they dodged a bullet, seemingly thrilled that they don't have to get married anymore. Jackson breaks up with April.

text: April suggests to Jackson that they each take a date to Bailey's wedding in an attempt to move on. Jackson takes intern Stephanie; the two bond and eventually have sex. When Jackson tells April that he is sleeping with somebody else, she is visibly crushed and tells him that they can't be friends again until she has gotten over him. In the next episode, a very attractive paramedic named Matthew (Justin Bruening) asks April out for coffee and they start seeing each other. Shortly afterwards she turns to Jackson for dating advice and it is hinted that Jackson is still in love with her when he shows signs of jealousy but Jackson overcomes his jealousy and they then re-establish their friendship. She confesses to Matthew that she is not a virgin anymore as she led him to believe and he breaks up with her because she lied to him. However, in the next episode, Matthew forgives April and they get back together. He asks her to marry him through a flash mob and she says yes. In the season 9 finale, April thinks she lost Jackson when a bus blew up and tells him she loves him, but he only has a few injuries. She remains engaged to Matthew while Jackson dates Stephanie. At the wedding, Jackson realizes he still loves April and stands up professing his love. Jackson and April are seen driving off together at the start of the following episode and later it is revealed that they have secretly eloped.

text: At first April and Jackson do not tell their friends about their marriage, but later they do because of a new rule at the hospital. Catherine Avery is not at all happy about her son's elopement with April, and the fact that there wasn't a prenuptial agreement. They soon make up after April signs a postnuptial agreement. Jackson and April soon hit a rough patch when they realize that they have different views in the way their children should be raised religious. Not long after their fight, April realizes she is pregnant. April and Jackson's baby is diagnosed during pregnancy with Osteogenesis Imperfecta type 2, and learn that the baby will not survive long after birth. Jackson believes that termination is the best option, however April would rather give birth to the baby knowing it will not live very long. They scheduled an induction for the next day, at the beginning of the appointment they are asked to sign their baby's death certificate, which is too hard for the couple to bear. April doesn't sign the papers and returns to work the same day praying for a miracle, while at work she has a heart to heart with a lady who lost her fiancé the night before. They decide to give birth to the baby via induction at 24 weeks gestation having it baptized right then. She gave birth to Samuel Norbert Avery, and he died a few hours after birth. In the following weeks after Samuel's death, April and Jackson find it hard to be around each other and be intimate with one another. After April tries to seduce Jackson in a supply closet, Jackson asks if she is sure she wants this so soon after the death of their son, leaving April to storm out in anger. In the series 11 finale April decides to join Owen Hunt for 3 months as a trauma surgeon with the army; this not being well received by Jackson. But after April states she needs this in order to grieve Samuel - Jackson lets her leave. Over the following months April lengthens her stay in the army, this having a strain on her and Jackson's marriage as Jackson can rarely get a hold of her or talk to her over the phone. On Christmas Day after already being away for some time, April announces to Jackson while on video chat that she is staying for a longer service period, Jackson becomes angry with April but the conversation is cut short by sounds of gunfire and explosions from April's base camp, leaving her to terminate the call; meanwhile Jackson is unsure whether his wife is hurt or if she is ever coming home. On Valentine's Day April returns to the hospital surprising Jackson, and they embrace in the foyer.

text: In Season 12, April and Jackson go through divorce proceedings started by Jackson. The morning before they sign the divorce papers, April discovers that she is expecting a second baby. She does not inform Jackson, and he is told by Arizona Robbins, which leads to additional tension. After Catherine Avery convinces Jackson to fight for full custody of his unborn child, April takes out a restraining order against him. The Averys' lawyer asks for all documentation of their marriage, when reading through their wedding vows, Jackson realizes that they should fix the situation for their child. He and April decide to raise their son or daughter together as friends. Complications arise when April's water breaks and when rushed to the hospital, she appears to be in critical condition; however she survives the delivery (via c-section) and she and Jackson are shown their new daughter.

text: Development[edit]

text: Casting and creation[edit]

text:
"I think it's a really fun character and, of course, getting to be on that show is wonderful and exciting for any actress in Hollywood."

Drew on her role in Grey's Anatomy.[2]

tag: div

text: Drew was cast in late September 2009 and first appeared on the show in the fifth episode of the sixth season as one of the residents from the Mercy West Hospital after its merger with Seattle Grace.[2] Drew was brought aboard Grey's Anatomy after former collaborations with the Series' producer and creator Shonda Rhimes;[3] she was formally featured as a guest in two episodes of Private Practice in 2008 and was one of the main cast in Rhimes television pilot Inside the Box (2009) which was eventually not picked up by ABC.[3] Her casting came after the absence of some of the central cast members, notably Katherine Heigl departure after her maternity leave and Ellen Pompeo's absence due to pregnancy.[2][3]

text: Drew was originally contracted to guest star in a multi-episodes story arc where her character would be eventually fired from the series after two episodes.[3] She explained: "I came on to the show and I was told from day one that I was only going to be there for two episodes. I did not expect anything beyond that. The morning my firing episode aired, my agent got a call that they were talking about a contract and I was just completely floored."[3] However she was promoted to a series regular on June 9, 2010 for the seventh season of the show.[9] Rhimes said in the wake of the news: "Kepner has really been folded into the group" of Grey's Anatomy adding "It'll depend on what the studio and the network decide to do with those actors, but I fully advocate to have [the characters]".[10] Drew received the call for her promotion the morning after the sixth episode of season six was telecast on October 29, 2009. She described the call as a "totally happy surprise".[11]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: "I love the idea that there's this person that everybody kind of hates, yet they all have to deal with, [and even] lean on. She is one of them, even though they find her terribly annoying, and I think that that's sort of charming."[12]

text: Drew's character has been called intelligent, hardworking, thorough and determined by Grey's Anatomy executives.[13] But she is also considered vulnerable, insecure, sensitive and overly eager by her colleagues.[13] Of the character, Drew said: "April is a very, very good doctor. She really knows what she's doing, she's worked really hard, and she certainly wants to do her best and stick around."[2] but also described her as "annoying", "neurotic" and "really insecure".[14] In the eighth season, April's position as chief resident and her struggle to get a handle on her fellow residents formed the central arc of her storyline. Rhimes explained: "Watching April try to be in charge of Cristina and Alex and Jackson is a pretty impossible task, and it’s made for comedy, it’s one of the funniest things we’re working on this season."[15] One of Kepner's central characteristics is her religious belief, notably her chastity and her instance on saving herself for someone she truly loves.[16] In an interview, Drew assessed that: There certainly has never been a 28-year-old virgin on Grey’s. I don’t even think there’s been a 28-year-old virgin on television. Unless it’s someone who is sort of a recluse. A normal, smart, doctor….pretty, healthy…that in and of itself is really fascinating, and really interesting, and totally different. It’s neat to see someone who is just totally clueless in that area. Everyone else [On Grey' Anatomy] seems like they know exactly what they’re doing. April is totally, totally clueless. Shonda told one of the directors, there are virgins that have sort of done everything else. But not April. April’s really pretty much done nothing. She’s completely untouched."[17]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Kepner entertained several relationships throughout her time on Grey's Anatomy. In her early appearances, she is introduced as the best friend and roommate of her fellow Mercy West resident, Reed Adamson. In the season six finale, when Reed is tragically murdered by Gary Clark during the shooting, April is the first to find her when she trips over her dead body. In season seven April forms a friendship with Meredith Grey and she eventually moves into her house. Ellen Pompeo offered regarding their bond: "Meredith will accept April in order to get the audience to accept her,"[18] and Drew further explained: "She’s being plugged into the community. Meredith has really taken her under her wing, is really looking out for her. Having Meredith come around to April helps the audience come around to April."[17]

text: She first develops a crush on Derek Shepherd in season six. Carina MacKenzie from The Los Angeles Times called it "ridiculous" and added: "April is drooling all over Chief McDreamy. Vomit. (...) She's been reduced to a 12-year-old with hearts in her eyes and a painful inability to be subtle."[7] Drew herself was skeptical about it, saying: "The biggest thing that people did not like about my character was they thought I was a threat for the Mer/Der relationship, which I kind of found was super ridiculous (...) I never saw it as anything that would ever transpire into something that might threaten them. I only saw it as a really pathetic little crush."[17] She briefly has feelings for Alex Karev who almost makes her lose her virginity when he tries to sleep with her in Something's Gotta Give. Wetpaint commented that he made her feel "worthless and unwanted when she was at her most vulnerable."[19] Kepner also briefly dates Dr. Robert Stark, a senior pediatric surgical attending. After her fellow residents make fun of her, she breaks up with him, creating a coldness between them. However, it is Stark who recommends her as chief resident to Dr. Hunt. Drew stated: “She sees a side to Dr. Stark that he doesn’t show to anyone else at the hospital, and she finds that part endearing...I think they enjoy the companionship.”[20]

text: In the end of season eight, Kepner embarks on a relationship with her best friend turned lover Jackson Avery (Williams), who she loses her virginity to and that eventually leads her to reflect on her faith and fail her boards.[21] Critics praised the chemistry between April and Jackon.[22] Rhimes commented on the dynamic between the two in season nine and said: “I think it’s going to be funny, sexy, and good.”[23]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The character received mixed reviews from critics and fans alike. Initially, Carina MacKenzie of the Los Angeles Times highly praised the characterization of Kepner. writing: "One of my favorite Mercy Westers is intern April (Sarah Drew). Her saccharine-sweet attitude and wide-eyed insincerity were hilarious, as was her super-mysterious hot pink notebook full of morale-boosting platitudes."[7] However, she criticized the later development of her story, especially her crush on Derek Shepherd calling it "vomit"[24] PopSugar noted similarities between Kepner and Lexie Grey, stating: "Am I the only one who thinks the new doctor is kind of like Lexie 2.0? Their dynamic reminded me of when Lexie first started and tries really hard to make nice with Mere, but gets the cold shoulder in return."[25] Mariella Mosthof from Wetpaint stated: "Despite her obnoxious yet well-meaning tendencies, we briefly flirted with the idea of liking April's character last season, and it looks like there's plenty of opportunity for her to come back and charm us again yet again this time around." Reviewing the first part of the eight season, Courtney Morrison of TV Fanatic wrote: "Although the girl has grown in terms of likeability, her downfalls still outweigh the positives. She doesn't really bring too much to the table. She wasn't the best choice for Chief Resident; she doesn't seem to be on the same level surgical wise and she hasn't carried a story on her own that makes us care about her."[26]

text: Kepner was included in TV Guide's list of The Most Loathed TV Characters, adding: "The extremely neurotic April (she makes Liz Lemon look laid back) has slowly made strides with fans thanks to her personal setbacks — she lost her treasured virginity to her best friend and failed her boards — but she still has a long way to go."[6] Entertainment Weekly also named her one of the "21 Most Annoying TV Characters Ever", commenting: "April's lightened up a little this season [season 9], but a few episodes of sympathetic behavior can't erase the painful memories of Seattle Grace-Mercy West's most irritating doctor being."[27] TV Fanatic included her in their list of Worst Character on TV. Christina Tran commented: "Could she be any more annoying?!?"[28] Drew stated that it was initially "hard" for her as an actress to play an unpopular character but deemed her "interesting" and when she was informed by the writers that her character would get Dr. Shepherd (Dempsey) shot in the season six finale, her reaction was: "Oh, come on, guys, really? They already hate my character, now they're going to hate her even more!"[14]

text: Critics reception gradually changed positively. Entertainment Weekly noted: "April was chirpy, irritating, and immature, and her crush on Derek didn't endear her to us either. But these days, we say hooray for April; since Meredith declared that the two of them are pals, April's become a lot more tolerable, instead of being Lexie 2.0."[29] Courtney Morrison of TVFanatic wrote: "April has grown since her character was introduced. She’s no longer much less annoying than she used to be, and she’s honest. A girl with principles is a girl you want to do well." and described her and Avery as "a couple for whom viewers can root".[30] The Hollywood Reporter also remarked: "It's nice to see April with a bit of a backbone and putting Alex in his place as the newfound confidence suits her well."[31]


document_title: Hermann's tortoise

question_text: how many claws does a hermann tortoise have

root

text: Hermann's tortoise

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The specific epithet, hermanni, honors French naturalist Johann Hermann.[3]

tag: p

text: The subspecific name, boettgeri, honors German herpetologist Oskar Boettger.[3]

text: Geographic range[edit]

text: Testudo hermanni can be found throughout southern Europe. The western population (T. h. hermanni ) is found in eastern Spain, southern France, the Balearic islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, south and central Italy (Tuscany). The eastern population (T. h. boettgeri ) inhabits Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Turkey and Greece, while T. h. hercegovinensis populates the coasts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Montenegro.

text: Description and systematics[edit]

text: Hermann's tortoises are small to medium-sized tortoises from southern Europe. Young animals and some adults have attractive black and yellow-patterned carapaces, although the brightness may fade with age to a less distinct gray, straw, or yellow coloration. They have slightly hooked upper jaws and, like other tortoises, possess no teeth,[4] just strong, horny beaks.[5] Their scaly limbs are greyish to brown, with some yellow markings, and their tails bear a spur (a horny spike) at the tip.[5] Adult males have particularly long and thick tails,[6] and well-developed spurs, distinguishing them from females.[5]

text: The eastern subspecies T. h. boettgeri is much larger than the western T. h. hermanni, reaching sizes up to 28 cm (11 in) in length. A specimen of this size may weigh 3–4 kg (6.6–8.8 lb). T. h. hermanni rarely grows larger than 18 cm (7.1 in). Some adult specimens are as small as 7 cm (2.8 in).

text:
Male of T. h. hermanni

Female of T. h. hermanni

Female of T. h. boettgeri

tag: ul

text: In 2006, Hermann's tortoise was suggested to be moved to the genus Eurotestudo and to bring the subspecies to the rank of species (Eurotestudo hermanni and Eurotestudo boettgeri).[7] Though some factors indicate this might be correct,[8] the data at hand are not unequivocally in support and the relationships between Hermann's and the Russian tortoise among each other and to the other species placed in Testudo are not robustly determined. Hence, it seems doubtful that the new genus will be accepted for now. The elevation of the subspecies to full species was tentatively rejected under the biological species concept at least, as there still seems significant gene flow.[9]

text: Of note, the rate of evolution as measured by mutations accumulating in the mtDNA differs markedly, with the eastern populations have evolved faster. This is apparently due to stronger fragmentation of the population on the mountainous Balkans during the last ice age. While this has no profound implications for taxonomy of this species, apart from suggesting that two other proposed subspecies are actually just local forms at present, it renders the use of molecular clocks in Testudo even more dubious and unreliable than they are for turtles in general.[10][11][9]

text: T. h. hermanni[edit]

text: The subspecies T. h. hermanni includes the former subspecies T. h. robertmertensi and has a number of local forms. It has a highly arched shell with an intensive coloration, with its yellow coloration making a strong contrast to the dark patches. The colors wash out somewhat in older animals, but the intense yellow is often maintained. The underside has two connected black bands along the central seam.

text: The coloration of the head ranges from dark green to yellowish, with isolated dark patches. A particular characteristic is a yellow fleck on the cheek found in most specimens, although not in all; T. h. robertmertensi is the name of a morph with very prominent cheek spots. Generally, the forelegs have no black pigmentation on their undersides. The base of the claws is often lightly colored. The tail in males is larger than in females and possesses a spike. Generally, the shell protecting the tail is divided. A few specimens can be found with undivided shells, similar to the Greek tortoise.

text:
Var colouring

Apulian colouring

Sardinian colouring

text: T. h. boettgeri[edit]

text: The subspecies T. h. hercegovinensis, known as the Dalmatian tortoise,[12] (Balkans coast) and the local T. h. peloponnesica (southwestern Peloponnesus coast) are now included here; they constitute local forms that are not yet geographically or in other ways reproductively isolated and apparently, derive from relict populations of the last ice age.[9] The eastern Hermann's tortoises also have arched, almost round carapaces, but some are notably flatter and more oblong. The coloration is brownish with a yellow or greenish hue and with isolated black flecks. The coloring tends to wash out quite strongly in older animals. The underside is almost always solid horn color and has separate black patches on either side of the central seam.

text: The head is brown to black, with fine scales. The forelegs similarly possess fine scales. The limbs generally have five claws, which are darkly colored at their base. The hind legs are noticeably thicker than the forelegs, almost plump. The particularly strong tail ends in a spike, which may be very large in older male specimens. Females have noticeably smaller tail spikes, which are slightly bent toward the body.

text:
Adult female, Bulgaria

Female T. h. boettgeri (left) and T. h. hercegovinensis tail openings

Female T. h. peloponnesica

text: Ecology[edit]

text: Early in the morning, the animals leave their nightly shelters, which are usually hollows protected by thick bushes or hedges, to bask in the sun and warm their bodies. They then roam about the Mediterranean meadows of their habitat in search of food. They determine which plants to eat by the sense of smell. (In captivity, they are known to eat dandelions, clover, and lettuce, as well as the leaves, flowers, and pods of almost all legumes.) In addition to leaves and flowers, the animals eat small amounts of fruits as supplementary nutrition.

text: Around midday, the sun becomes too hot for the tortoises, so they return to their hiding places. They have a good sense of direction to enable them to return. Experiments have shown they also possess a good sense of time, the position of the sun, the magnetic lines of the earth, and for landmarks.[citation needed] In the late afternoon, they leave their shelters again and return to feeding.

text: In late February, Hermann’s tortoises emerge from under bushes or old rotting wood, where they spend the winter months hibernating, buried in a bed of dead leaves.[5] Immediately after surfacing from their winter resting place, Hermann’s tortoises commence courtship and mating.[5] Courtship is a rough affair for the female, which is pursued, rammed, and bitten by the male, before being mounted. Aggression is also seen between rival males during the breeding season, which can result in ramming contests.[6]

text: Between May and July, female Hermann’s tortoises deposit between two and 12 eggs into flask-shaped nests dug into the soil,[6] up to 10 cm (3.9 in) deep.[5] Most females lay more than one clutch each season.[6] The pinkish-white eggs are incubated for around 90 days and, like many reptiles,[6] the temperature at which the eggs are incubated determines the hatchlings sex. At 26 °C, only males will be produced, while at 30 °C, all the hatchlings will be female.[5] Young Hermann’s tortoises emerge just after the start of the heavy autumn rains in early September and spend the first four or five years of their lives within just a few metres of their nests.[6] If the rains do not come, or if nesting took place late in the year, the eggs will still hatch, but the young will remain underground and not emerge until the following spring. Until the age of six or eight, when the hard shell becomes fully developed, the young tortoises are very vulnerable to predators and may fall prey to rats, badgers, magpies, foxes, wild boar, and many other animals. If they survive these threats, the longevity of Hermann’s tortoises is around 30 years.[5] One rare record of longevity is 31.7 years.[13] Compared to other tortoises (e.g. Testudo graeca),[13] the longevity might be underestimated and many sources are reporting they might live 90 years[14] or more.

text: Breeding[edit]

text: Breeding and upbringing of Hermann's tortoises are quite easy if kept in species-appropriate environments. The European Studbook Foundation maintains stud books for both subspecies. With the help of ultraviolet light-emitting bulbs (UVa and UVb, such as Repti Glo and Creature World), the correct environment for breeding can be created and bring tortoises into breeding condition.

text: In captivity[edit]

text: Sanctuaries[edit]

text: Several tortoise sanctuaries are located in Europe, such as Carapax in southern Tuscany, and Le Village Des Tortues in the south of France (near Gonfaron). These sanctuaries rescue injured tortoises whilst also taking in unwanted pets, and specialize in Hermann's tortoises.

text: The UK, with its large captive population, also has many specialist centers providing rescue facilities.

text: Hibernation[edit]

text: In nature, the animals dig their nightly shelters out and spend the relatively mild Mediterranean winters there. During this time, their heart and breathing rates drop notably. Domestic animals can be kept in the basement in a roomy rodent-proof box with a thick layer of dry leaves. The temperature should be around 5 °C. As an alternative, the box can be stored in a refrigerator. For this method to be used, the refrigerator should be in regular day-to-day use, to permit air flow. During hibernation, the ambient temperature must not fall below zero. Full-grown specimens may sleep four to five months at a time.

text: Reproduction[edit]

text: Hermann's tortoises can mate at any time of the year. Females dig flask-shaped holes to lay their eggs in, and eggs take 90–120 days to hatch. The sex of the hatchlings is determined by the incubation temperature.[15]

text: Hatching Hermann's tortoise[edit]

text:
12:02

12:32

12:42

12:46

14:47


document_title: Miami Heat all-time roster

question_text: who wore number 23 for the miami heat

question_tokens: who wore number 23 for the miami heat

text: Miami Heat all-time roster

text: The Miami Heat is an American professional basketball team based in Miami. They play in the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team joined the NBA in 1988 as an expansion team,[1] and won the NBA championship in 2006, 2012 and 2013.[2] The team played its home games at the Miami Arena until 2000,[3] and have played its home games at the American Airlines Arena since then.[4] The Heat is owned by Micky Arison.[5] Its current staff consists of Pat Riley as team president and Erik Spoelstra as head coach.[6][7]

text: The Heat started building their roster by playing selecting players in the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft and 1988 NBA draft. Since then, 217 players have appeared in at least one game for the franchise. Dwyane Wade is the most successful player in Heat history. His achievements include Finals Most Valuable Player Award in 2006, All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award in 2010, 11 consecutive All-Star Game selections and eight All-NBA Teams selections.[8] Alonzo Mourning, the franchise's first ever All-Star, won two Defensive Player of the Year Awards and was selected to five All-Star Games and two All-NBA Teams.[9] LeBron James, who played four years with the Heat, won the Most Valuable Player Award in 2012 and 2013, the Finals Most Valuable Player Award in 2012 and 2013, and was selected to four consecutive All-Star Games and four consecutive All-NBA Teams.[10] Tim Hardaway and Shaquille O'Neal are the only other Heat players who have been selected to both the All-Star Game and the All-NBA Team.[11][12] Anthony Mason and Chris Bosh are the only other Heat players who have been selected to the All-Star Game.[13][14] Two Heat players have won the NBA Most Improved Player Award: Rony Seikaly in 1990 and Isaac Austin in 1997.[15][16] Ten Heat players were selected to the All-Rookie Team. Mourning, Shaquille O'Neal and Gary Payton, who played two seasons for the Heat and was part of the Heat championship team in 2006, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame.[17]

text: Udonis Haslem and Wade, who have played for the Heat since they entered the league in 2003, are the franchise's longest-serving players. Haslem has recorded more rebounds than any other Heat players. Wade has played more games, more minutes, scored more points, recorded more assists and more steals than any other Heat players.[18][19] He also led the franchise in field goals made and free throws made.[20] Mourning, who played 11 seasons with the Heat, is the franchise's second longest-serving player. He has blocked more shots than any other Heat players. Hassan Whiteside is the starting center. The Heat have three retired jersey numbers: the number 33 jersey worn by Alonzo Mourning, the number 10 jersey worn by Tim Hardaway and the number 23 jersey worn by Michael Jordan, who has never played for the Heat. The Heat retired Jordan's number 23 jersey in April 2003 to honor Jordan's achievements and contributions in basketball.[21] The Heat is the only NBA team other than the Chicago Bulls to have retired the number 23 jersey in honor of Jordan.[22] Mourning had his number 33 jersey retired in March 2009, a year after he retired.[23] Hardaway, who played six seasons with the Heat, had his number 10 jersey retired in October 2009.[24]

text:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

text:
International players
Statistics leaders
Notes
References
External links

text: List[edit]

text:
Pos
G
Guard
F
Forward
C
Center

No
Jersey number

Yrs
Number of seasons played with the Heat

*
Denotes player who has been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame

^
Denotes player who is currently on the Heat roster

Denotes player who has spent their entire NBA career with the Heat

#
Denotes jersey number that has been retired by the Heat

tag: table

text:
Player
Pos
No[a]
Yrs
From[b]
To[b]
Notes and achievements[c]
Ref.

Blake Ahearn
G
6
1
2008
2008

[25]

Alexander, GaryGary Alexander
F
35
1
1993
1993

[26]

Allen, MalikMalik Allen
F
35
4
2001
2005

[27]

Allen, RayRay Allen
G
34
2
2012
2014
 •  NBA champion (2013)
[28]

Alston, RaferRafer Alston
G
11
2
2003
2010
2010 !2004
2010

[29]

Andersen, ChrisChris Andersen
F
11
4
2013
2016
 •  NBA champion (2013)
[30]

Anderson, DerekDerek Anderson
G
5
1
2006
2006
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[31]

Anderson, ShandonShandon Anderson
F/G
49
2
2004
2006
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[32]

Anderson, WillieWillie Anderson
G/F
35
1
1997
1997

[33]

Anthony, JoelJoel Anthony
C
50
7
2007
2014
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
[34]

Arroyo, CarlosCarlos Arroyo
G
8
2
2009
2011

[35]

Askins, KeithKeith Askins
G/F
2
9
1990
1999

[36]

Austin, IsaacIsaac Austin
C/F
8
2
1996
1998
 •  NBA Most Improved Player (1997)
[37]

Babić, MilošMiloš Babić
F/C
00
1
1991
1991

[16]

Banks, MarcusMarcus Banks
G
5
2
2008
2009

[38]

Barron, EarlEarl Barron
C/F
30
3
2005
2008
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[39]

Barry, BrentBrent Barry
G
17
1
1998
1998

[40]

Battier, ShaneShane Battier
F
31
3
2011
2014
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
 •  NBA Teammate of the Year (2014)
[41]

Beasley, JeromeJerome Beasley
F
24
1
2003
2004

[42]

Beasley, MichaelMichael Beasley
F
8 / 30
4
2008
2013
2015
2010
2014
2015
 •  NBA All-Rookie First Team (2009)
[43]

Bennett, WinstonWinston Bennett
F
30
1
1992
1992

[44]

Best, TravisTravis Best
G
1
1
2002
2003

[45]

Bibby, MikeMike Bibby
G
0
1
2011
2011

[46]

Blount, MarkMark Blount
C
15
2
2007
2009

[47]

Bol, ManuteManute Bol
C
10
1
1993
1994

[48]

Bosh, ChrisChris Bosh
F/C
1
6
2010
2017
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
 •  6× NBA All-Star (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016)
[14]

Bowen, BruceBruce Bowen
F/G
12 / 3
3
1997
2000
2001 !1997
2001
 •  NBA All-Defensive Second Team (2001)
[49]

Brown, ErnestErnest Brown
C
52
1
2001
2002

[50]

Brown, P. J.P. J. Brown
F/C
42
4
1996
2000
 •  2× NBA All-Defensive Second Team (1997, 1999)
 •  J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award (1997)
[51]

Brown, ShannonShannon Brown
G
26
1
2014
2014

[52]

Buford, RodneyRodney Buford
G/F
32
1
1999
2000

[53]

Burton, WillieWillie Burton
F/G
34
4
1990
1994
 •  NBA All-Rookie Second Team (1991)
[54]

Butler, CaronCaron Butler
F
4
2
2002
2004
 •  NBA All-Rookie First Team (2003)
[55]

Butler, RasualRasual Butler
F/G
45
3
2002
2005

[56]

Carter, AnthonyAnthony Carter
G
25
4
1999
2003

[57]

Causwell, DuaneDuane Causwell
C
4 / 31
4
1997
2001

[58]

Ceballos, CedricCedric Ceballos
F
23
1
2000
2001

[59]

Chalmers, MarioMario Chalmers
G
15 / 6
8
2008
2015
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
 •  NBA All-Rookie Second Team (2009)
[60]

Chapman, RexRex Chapman
G
7
1
1995
1996

[61]

Cole, NorrisNorris Cole
G
30
4
2011
2015
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
[62]

Coles, BimboBimbo Coles
G
12
7
1990
2003
2004 !1996
2004

[63]

Conlon, MartyMarty Conlon
C/F
40
2
1998
1999

[64]

Cook, DaequanDaequan Cook
G
14
3
2007
2010
 •  NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout champion (2009)
[65]

Corbin, TyroneTyrone Corbin
F/G
23
1
1996
1996

[66]

Crotty, JohnJohn Crotty
G
11
1
1997
1997

[67]

Cummings, PatPat Cummings
F/C
42
2
1988
1990

[68]

Curry, EddyEddy Curry
C
34
1
2011
2012
 •  NBA champion (2012)
[69]

Dampier, ErickErick Dampier
C
25
1
2010
2011

[70]

Danilović, PredragPredrag Danilović
G
5
2
1995
1997

[71]

Davis, MarkMark Davis
G/F
7
1
1999
1999

[72]

Davis, RickyRicky Davis
G
31 / 21
2
2000
2007
2008 !2001
2008

[73]

Davis, TerryTerry Davis
F/C
44
2
1989
1991

[74]

Dawkins, AndreAndre Dawkins
G
24
1
2014
2015

[75]

Day, ToddTodd Day
G/F
11
1
1997
1997

[76]

Deng, LuolLuol Deng
F
9
2
2014
2016

[77]

Diawara, YakhoubaYakhouba Diawara
F/G
9
2
2008
2010

[78]

Doleac, MichaelMichael Doleac
C
51
3
2004
2007
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[79]

Dooling, KeyonKeyon Dooling
G
5
1
2004
2005

[80]

Douglas, ShermanSherman Douglas
G
11
3
1989
1992
 •  NBA All-Rookie First Team (1990)
[81]

Douglas, ToneyToney Douglas
G
0
1
2014
2014

[82]

Dragić, GoranGoran Dragić^
G
7
2
2015
9999 !present

[83]

Dragić, ZoranZoran Dragić
G
12
1
2015
2015

[84]

Eackles, LedellLedell Eackles
G/F
21
1
1994
1995

[85]

Edwards, BlueBlue Edwards
G/F
32
1
1999
1999

[86]

Edwards, KevinKevin Edwards
G
21
5
1988
1993
 •  NBA All-Rookie Second Team (1989)
[87]

Ellis, LaPhonsoLaPhonso Ellis
F
3
2
2001
2003

[88]

Ellis, LeRonLeRon Ellis
F/C
28
1
1995
1995

[89]

Ennis, JamesJames Ennis
F
32
2
2014
2015

[90]

Fish, MattMatt Fish
C
22
1
1997
1997

[91]

Fitch, GeraldGerald Fitch
G
4
1
2005
2006

[92]

Frank, TellisTellis Frank
F/C
32
1
1989
1990

[93]

Fuller, ToddTodd Fuller
C
35
1
2000
2001

[94]

Gamble, KevinKevin Gamble
F/G
35
2
1994
1996

[95]

Gatling, ChrisChris Gatling
F/C
15
2
1996
2001
2002 !1996
2002

[96]

Geiger, MattMatt Geiger
C
52
3
1992
1995

[97]

Gill, KendallKendall Gill
G/F
13
1
2001
2002

[98]

Gladness, MickellMickell Gladness
C
32
1
2011
2012

[99]

Grandison, RonnieRonnie Grandison
F
54
1
1995
1996

[100]

Granger, DannyDanny Granger
F
22
1
2014
2015

[101]

Grant, BrianBrian Grant
F/C
44
4
2000
2004

[102]

Grant, GaryGary Grant
G
23
1
1996
1997

[103]

Gray, SylvesterSylvester Gray
F
40
1
1988
1989

[104]

Green, A. C.A. C. Green
F/C
45
1
2000
2001

[105]

Green, GeraldGerald Green
G
14
1
2015
2016

[106]

Haffner, ScottScott Haffner
G
3
1
1989
1990

[107]

Hamilton, JustinJustin Hamilton
C
7
2
2014
2015

[108]

Hamilton, TangTang Hamilton
F
8
1
2001
2001

[109]

Hardaway, PennyPenny Hardaway
G/F
7
1
2007
2007

[110]

Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
G
10#
6
1996
2001
 •  2× NBA All-Star (1997, 1998)
 •  All-NBA First Team (1997)
 •  2× All-NBA Second Team (1998, 1999)
[11]

Harrellson, JoshJosh Harrellson
C
55
1
2012
2013

[111]

Harris, TerrelTerrel Harris
G
14
2
2011
2013
 •  NBA champion (2012)
[112]

Haslem, UdonisUdonis Haslem^
F
40
13
2003
9999 !present
 •  3× NBA champion (2006, 2012, 2013)
 •  NBA All-Rookie Second Team (2004)
[113]

Hastings, ScottScott Hastings
F/C
44
1
1988
1989
 •  Drafted in the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft
[114]

Head, LutherLuther Head
G
13
1
2009
2009

[115]

Hill, TyroneTyrone Hill
F
32
1
2003
2003

[116]

Hite, RobertRobert Hite
G
22
1
2006
2007

[117]

House, EddieEddie House
G
5 / 55
4
2000
2010
2011 !2003
2011

[118]

Howard, JuwanJuwan Howard
F
5
3
2010
2013
2013 !2012
2013
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
[119]

Ilgauskas, ŽydrūnasŽydrūnas Ilgauskas
C
11
1
2010
2011

[120]

Jackson, JimJim Jackson
G
24
1
2001
2002

[121]

Jackson, LukeLuke Jackson
G/F
6
1
2007
2008

[122]

James, LeBronLeBron James
F
6
4
2010
2014
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
 •  2× NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (2012, 2013)
 •  2× NBA Most Valuable Player (2012, 2013)
 •  4× NBA All-Star (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014)
 •  4× All-NBA First Team (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014)
 •  3× NBA All-Defensive First Team (2011, 2012, 2013)
 •  NBA All-Defensive Second Team (2014)
[10]

James, MikeMike James
G
7 / 12
2
2001
2003

[123]

James, TimTim James
F
40
1
1999
2000

[124]

Jamison, HaroldHarold Jamison
F
6
1
1999
2000

[125]

Johnson, AlexanderAlexander Johnson
F
13
1
2007
2008

[126]

Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson
F
2
1
2015
2017

[127]

Johnson, KenKen Johnson
C/F
54
1
2002
2003

[128]

Johnson, TylerTyler Johnson^
G
8
2
2015
9999 !present

[129]

Jones, BobbyBobby Jones
F
21
1
2008
2008

[130]

Jones, DamonDamon Jones
G
19
1
2004
2005

[131]

Jones, EddieEddie Jones
G/F
6
6
2000
2007
2007 !2005
2007

[132]

Jones, JamesJames Jones
G/F
22
6
2008
2014
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
 •  NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout champion (2011)
[133]

Kapono, JasonJason Kapono
F
24
2
2005
2007
 •  NBA champion (2006)
 •  NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout champion (2007)
[134]

Kessler, AlecAlec Kessler
F/C
33
4
1990
1994

[135]

King, StaceyStacey King
F/C
21
1
1995
1996

[136]

Laettner, ChristianChristian Laettner
F/C
44
1
2004
2005

[137]

Lampley, SeanSean Lampley
F
21
1
2002
2003

[138]

Lang, AntonioAntonio Lang
F/G
22
1
1998
1998

[139]

Lasme, StephaneStephane Lasme
F
45
1
2008
2008

[140]

Lenard, VoshonVoshon Lenard
G
22 / 21
5
1995
2000

[141]

Lewis, RashardRashard Lewis
F
9
2
2012
2014
 •  NBA champion (2013)
[142]

Liggins, DeAndreDeAndre Liggins
G/F
14
1
2014
2014

[143]

Livingston, ShaunShaun Livingston
G
8
1
2008
2009

[144]

Lohaus, BradBrad Lohaus
F/C
54
1
1994
1995

[145]

Long, GrantGrant Long
F
43
7
1988
1994

[146]

Mack, SamSam Mack
F/G
4
1
2001
2001

[147]

MacLean, DonDon MacLean
F
7
1
2000
2001

[148]

Magloire, JamaalJamaal Magloire
C
21
3
2008
2011

[149]

Majerle, DanDan Majerle
G/F
9
5
1996
2001

[150]

Malone, JeffJeff Malone
G
25
1
1996
1996

[151]

Marion, ShawnShawn Marion
F
7
2
2008
2009

[152]

Marks, SeanSean Marks
F/C
22
2
2001
2003

[153]

Mashburn, JamalJamal Mashburn
F
24
4
1997
2000

[154]

Mason, AnthonyAnthony Mason
F
14
1
2000
2001
 •  NBA All-Star (2001)
[13]

Mason, Jr., RogerRoger Mason, Jr.
G
21
1
2013
2014

[155]

McRoberts, JoshJosh McRoberts
F/C
4
2
2014
2017

[156]

Miller, MikeMike Miller
F
13
3
2010
2013
 •  2× NBA champion (2012, 2013)
[157]

Mills, TerryTerry Mills
F
6
2
1997
1999

[158]

Miner, HaroldHarold Miner
G
32 / 4
3
1992
1995
 •  2× NBA All-Star Slam Dunk champion (1993, 1995)
[159]

Mitchell, ToddTodd Mitchell
F
34
1
1988
1989

[160]

Moon, JamarioJamario Moon
F
8
1
2009
2009

[161]

Morton, JohnJohn Morton
G
23
1
1991
1992

[162]

Mourning, AlonzoAlonzo Mourning*
C
33#
11
1995
2005
2008 !2003
2008
 •  NBA champion (2006)
 •  5× NBA All-Star (1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002)
 •  All-NBA First Team (1999)
 •  All-NBA Second Team (2000)
 •  2× NBA Defensive Player of the Year (1999, 2000)
 •  2× NBA All-Defensive First Team (1999, 2000)
 •  2× NBA block leader (1999, 2000)
 •  J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award (2002)
[9]

Murdock, EricEric Murdock
G
5
1
1997
1998

[163]

Muursepp, MartinMartin Müürsepp
F
31
1
1996
1997

[164]

Myers, PetePete Myers
G/F
20
1
1995
1996

[165]

Napier, ShabazzShabazz Napier
G
13
1
2014
2015

[166]

Neal, CraigCraig Neal
G
11
1
1989
1989

[167]

Oden, GregGreg Oden
C
20
1
2013
2014

[168]

Odom, LamarLamar Odom
F
7
1
2003
2004

[169]

Ogg, AlanAlan Ogg
C
53
2
1991
1992

[170]

Oneal, JermaineJermaine O'Neal
C/F
7
2
2009
2010

[171]

Oneal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
C
32#
4
2004
2008
 •  NBA champion (2006)
 •  3× NBA All-Star (2005, 2006, 2007)
 •  2× All-NBA First Team (2005, 2006)
[12]

Owens, BillyBilly Owens
G/F
30 / 32
2
1994
1996

[172]

Parker, SmushSmush Parker
G
21
1
2007
2008

[173]

Payton, GaryGary Payton*
G
20
2
2005
2007
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[174]

Penney, KirkKirk Penney
G
20
1
2003
2003

[175]

Person, WesleyWesley Person
G/F
7
1
2004
2005

[176]

Pinckney, EdEd Pinckney
F
54
1
1996
1997

[177]

Pittman, DexterDexter Pittman
C
45
3
2010
2013
 •  NBA champion (2012)
[178]

Popson, DaveDave Popson
F/C
41
1
1989
1989

[179]

Porter, TerryTerry Porter
G
30
1
1999
1999

[180]

Posey, JamesJames Posey
F/G
42
2
2005
2007
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[181]

Powell, KasibKasib Powell
F
12
1
2008
2008

[182]

Pritchard, KevinKevin Pritchard
G
14
1
1995
1995

[183]

Quinn, ChrisChris Quinn
G
11
3
2006
2010

[184]

Randolph, ShavlikShavlik Randolph
F
42
1
2009
2010
2010 !2009
2010

[185]

Reeves, KhalidKhalid Reeves
G
3
1
1994
1995

[186]

Rencher, TerrenceTerrence Rencher
G
15
1
1995
1996

[187]

Rice, GlenGlen Rice
G/F
41
6
1989
1995
 •  NBA All-Rookie First Team (1990)
 •  NBA All-Star Three-Point Shootout champion (1995)
[188]

Richardson, JoshJosh Richardson^
G
0
1
2015
9999 !present

[189]

Richardson, QuentinQuentin Richardson
G/F
5
1
2009
2010

[190]

Robinson, JamalJamal Robinson
G/F
13
1
2000
2000

[191]

Rowinski, JimJim Rowinski
F/C
50
1
1990
1990

[192]

Salley, JohnJohn Salley
F/C
22
3
1992
1995

[193]

Schayes, DannyDanny Schayes
C/F
24
1
1995
1996

[194]

Scott, JamesJames Scott
G/F
32
1
1996
1997

[195]

Seikaly, RonyRony Seikaly
C
4
6
1988
1994
 •  NBA Most Improved Player (1990)
[15]

Shasky, JohnJohn Shasky
F/C
45
1
1988
1989

[196]

Shaw, BrianBrian Shaw
G
20 / 22
3
1992
1994

[197]

Simien, WayneWayne Simien
F
25
2
2005
2007
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[198]

Smith, CharlesCharles Smith
G
14
1
1997
1998

[199]

Smith, SteveSteve Smith
G
3 / 8
5
1991
2005
2005 !1994
2005
 •  NBA All-Rookie First Team (1992)
[200]

Smith, TonyTony Smith
G
14
1
1996
1996

[201]

Sparrow, RoryRory Sparrow
G
2
2
1988
1990

[202]

Stackhouse, JerryJerry Stackhouse
G/F
42
1
2010
2010

[203]

Stepania, VladimirVladimir Stepania
C
50
2
2001
2003

[204]

Stokes, JarnellJarnell Stokes
C
12
1
2015
2016

[205]

Stoudemire, Amar'eAmar'e Stoudemire
C
5
1
2015
2016

[206]

Strickland, MarkMark Strickland
F
30 / 5
4
1996
2000

[207]

Strickland, RodRod Strickland
G
1
1
2001
2002

[208]

Sundvold, JonJon Sundvold
G
20
4
1988
1992
 •  Drafted in the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft
[209]

Taylor, AnthonyAnthony Taylor
G
3
1
1988
1988

[210]

Thomas, KurtKurt Thomas
F
40
2
1995
1997

[211]

Thompson, BillyBilly Thompson
F
55
3
1988
1991
 •  Drafted in the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft
[212]

Thorpe, OtisOtis Thorpe
F/C
52
1
1999
2000

[213]

Turiaf, RonnyRonny Turiaf
C/F
21
1
2012
2012
 •  NBA champion (2012)
[214]

Udrih, BenoBeno Udrih
G
19
1
2015
2016

[215]

Upshaw, KelvinKelvin Upshaw
G
10
1
1989
1989

[216]

Varnado, JarvisJarvis Varnado
F
24
1
2013
2013
 •  NBA champion (2013)
[217]

Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade^
G
3
13
20032017
20169999 !present
 •  3× NBA champion (2006, 2012, 2013)
 •  NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (2006)
 •  NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (2010)
 •  12× NBA All-Star (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016)
 •  2× All-NBA First Team (2009, 2010)
 •  3× All-NBA Second Team (2005, 2006, 2011)
 •  3× All-NBA Third Team (2007, 2012, 2013)
 •  3× NBA All-Defensive Second Team (2005, 2009, 2010)
 •  NBA All-Rookie First Team (2004)
 •  NBA scoring leader (2009)
 •  2× NBA All-Star Skills Challenge champion (2006, 2007)
[8]

Wagner, MiltMilt Wagner
G
25
1
1990
1990

[218]

Walker, AntoineAntoine Walker
F
8
2
2005
2007
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[219]

Walker, HenryHenry Walker
G/F
5
1
2015
2015

[220]

Walker, SamakiSamaki Walker
F
52
1
2003
2004

[221]

Wallace, JohnJohn Wallace
F
22
1
2003
2004

[222]

Walsh, MattMatt Walsh
G/F
44
1
2005
2005

[223]

Walters, RexRex Walters
G
23
3
1998
2000

[224]

Wang Zhizhi, Wang Zhizhi
C
15
2
2003
2005

[225]

Washington, DwayneDwayne Washington
G
31
1
1988
1989
 •  Drafted in the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft
[226]

Watson, JamieJamie Watson
F
3
1
1999
1999

[227]

Weatherspoon, ClarenceClarence Weatherspoon
F
35
2
1999
2000

[228]

Wheeler, ClintonClinton Wheeler
G
10
1
1988
1988

[229]

Whiteside, HassanHassan Whiteside^
C
21
2
2014
9999 !present

[230]

Wiley, MorlonMorlon Wiley
G
21
1
1994
1994

[231]

Williams, JasonJason Williams
G
55
3
2005
2008
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[232]

Williams, ShawneShawne Williams
F
43
1
2014
2015

[233]

Williams, WaltWalt Williams
F/G
42
1
1996
1996

[234]

Willis, KevinKevin Willis
F/C
42
2
1994
1996

[235]

Winslow, JustiseJustise Winslow^
F
20
1
2015
9999 !present

[236]

Woods, LorenLoren Woods
C/F
1
1
2003
2004

[237]

Woods, QyntelQyntel Woods
F
24
1
2005
2005

[238]

Wright, DorellDorell Wright
G/F
1 / 11
6
2004
2015
2010
2016
 •  NBA champion (2006)
[239]

text: International players[edit]

text: In the National Basketball Association (NBA), foreign players—also known as international players—are those who were born outside of the United States. Players who were born in U.S. overseas territories, such as Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam, are considered international players even if they are U.S. citizens.[240][241][242][243] In some borderline cases, the NBA takes into consideration whether a player desires to be identified as international.[240] 18 international players have played for the Heat. The first foreign-born Heat is Rony Seikaly, who was born in Lebanon. However, he grew up in Greece and played college basketball in the United States for Syracuse University. He was drafted ninth in the first round of the 1988 draft and became the Heat's first-ever draft pick.[244]

text: The following is a list of international players who have played for the Heat, listed by their national team affiliation.

text:
Canada

Joel Anthony
Jamaal Magloire (born in Canada but never represented Canada internationally)[245]

 China

Wang Zhizhi

 Estonia

Martin Müürsepp

 France

Yakhouba Diawara
Ronny Turiaf

 Gabon

Stephane Lasme

 Georgia

Vladimir Stepania (born in Georgian SSR, Soviet Union (now Georgia), represented Georgia internationally)

 Great Britain

Luol Deng (born in Wau, Sudan (now South Sudan), became a naturalized British citizen, represented England internationally at youth level and now represents Great Britain internationally)

 Ireland

Marty Conlon (born in the United States, represented Ireland internationally)[246]

 Lebanon

Rony Seikaly (born in the Lebanon, represented Lebanon internationally)

 Lithuania

Žydrūnas Ilgauskas

 New Zealand

Sean Marks
Kirk Penney

 Puerto Rico

Carlos Arroyo

 Serbia and Montenegro / FR Yugoslavia

Miloš Babić (born in SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia (now Serbia), but never represented Serbia and Montenegro or FR Yugoslavia internationally)
Predrag Danilović (born in SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina), represented SFR Yugoslavia and FR Yugoslavia internationally)

 Slovenia

Goran Dragić
Zoran Dragić
Beno Udrih

 Sudan

Manute Bol

text: Statistics leaders[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2014–15 season.

text:
Games[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Games

1
Dwyane Wade^
781

2
Udonis Haslem^
777

3
Alonzo Mourning
593

4
Mario Chalmers
519

5
Keith Askins
486

6
Glen Rice
478

7
Grant Long
472

8
Bimbo Coles
462

9
Rony Seikaly
439

10
Eddie Jones
387

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Games

1
Dwyane Wade^
152

2
Udonis Haslem^
138

3
Mario Chalmers^
99

4
LeBron James
87

5
Alonzo Mourning
82

Minutes[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Minutes

1
Dwyane Wade^
28,302

2
Udonis Haslem^
20,982

3
Alonzo Mourning
17,700

4
Glen Rice
17,059

5
Grant Long
14,859

6
Mario Chalmers^
14,451

7
Rony Seikaly
14,208

8
Eddie Jones
14,097

9
Tim Hardaway
13,271

10
Bimbo Coles
11,548

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Minutes

1
Dwyane Wade^
5,907

2
LeBron James
3,628

3
Udonis Haslem^
3,109

4
Mario Chalmers^
2,877

5
Chris Bosh^
2,710

text:
Points[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Points

1
Dwyane Wade^
18,812

2
Alonzo Mourning
9,459

3
Glen Rice
9,248

4
LeBron James
7,919

5
Rony Seikaly
6,742

6
Udonis Haslem^
6,388

7
Tim Hardaway
6,335

8
Eddie Jones
6,194

9
Chris Bosh^
5,904

10
Grant Long
5,743

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Points

1
Dwyane Wade^
3,481

2
LeBron James
2,338

3
Chris Bosh^
1,163

4
Alonzo Mourning
989

5
Mario Chalmers^
872

Field goals[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
FG

1
Dwyane Wade^
6,785

2
Glen Rice
3,604

3
Alonzo Mourning
3,445

4
LeBron James
2,911

5
Udonis Haslem^
2,591

6
Rony Seikaly
2,486

7
Tim Hardaway
2,252

8
Chris Bosh^
2,237

9
Eddie Jones
2,141

10
Grant Long
2,011

Playoffs

Rank
Player
FG

1
Dwyane Wade^
1,268

2
LeBron James
829

3
Chris Bosh^
437

4
Alonzo Mourning
346

5
Udonis Haslem^
324

text:
3-point field goals[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
3P

1
Tim Hardaway
806

2
Eddie Jones
712

3
Glen Rice
708

4
Mario Chalmers^
656

5
Voshon Lenard
473

6
Dan Majerle
414

7
Dwyane Wade^
379

8
LeBron James
365

9
Jason Williams
304

10
James Jones
283

Playoffs

Rank
Player
3P

1
LeBron James
123

2
Mario Chalmers^
117

3
Dwyane Wade^
85

4
Tim Hardaway
80

5
Shane Battier
77

Free throws[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
FT

1
Dwyane Wade^
4,863

2
Alonzo Mourning
2,558

3
Rony Seikaly
1,766

4
LeBron James
1,732

5
Grant Long
1,437

6
Glen Rice
1,332

7
Chris Bosh^
1,256

8
Udonis Haslem^
1,204

9
Eddie Jones
1,200

10
Tim Hardaway
1,025

Playoffs

Rank
Player
FT

1
Dwyane Wade^
860

2
LeBron James
557

3
Alonzo Mourning
294

4
Chris Bosh^
237

5
Udonis Haslem^
164

text:
Rebounds[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Rebounds

1
Udonis Haslem^
5,590

2
Alonzo Mourning
4,807

3
Rony Seikaly
4,544

4
Dwyane Wade^
3,824

5
Grant Long
3,281

6
Brian Grant
2,654

7
Chris Bosh^
2,426

8
Glen Rice
2,363

9
P. J. Brown
2,251

10
LeBron James
2,225

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Rebounds

1
Dwyane Wade^
798

2
Udonis Haslem^
791

3
LeBron James
734

4
Chris Bosh^
566

5
Alonzo Mourning
523

Blocks[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Blocks

1
Alonzo Mourning
1,625

2
Dwyane Wade^
717

3
Rony Seikaly
610

4
Joel Anthony
456

5
Shaquille O'Neal
384

6
P. J. Brown
305

7
Chris Bosh^
298

8
Eddie Jones
246

9
Udonis Haslem^
244

10
Billy Thompson
242

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Blocks

1
Alonzo Mourning
171

2
Dwyane Wade^
153

3
Chris Bosh^
89

4
LeBron James
70

4
Joel Anthony
70

5
Shaquille O'Neal
59

text:
Assists[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Assists

1
Dwyane Wade^
4,600

2
Tim Hardaway
2,867

3
Mario Chalmers^
1,985

4
LeBron James
1,981

5
Bimbo Coles
1,961

6
Sherman Douglas
1,262

7
Eddie Jones
1,152

8
Kevin Edwards
1,131

9
Glen Rice
1,067

10
Anthony Carter
1,063

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Assists

1
Dwyane Wade^
768

2
LeBron James
499

3
Mario Chalmers^
321

4
Tim Hardaway
243

5
Jason Williams
104

Steals[edit]

Regular season

Rank
Player
Steals

1
Dwyane Wade^
1,335

2
Mario Chalmers^
783

3
Grant Long
666

4
Glen Rice
572

5
Kevin Edwards
560

6
Tim Hardaway
541

7
Eddie Jones
515

8
LeBron James
489

9
Bimbo Coles
458

10
Udonis Haslem^
411

Playoffs

Rank
Player
Steals

1
Dwyane Wade^
250

2
LeBron James
156

3
Mario Chalmers^
118

4
Chris Bosh^
60

5
Udonis Haslem^
58

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a Players can sometimes be assigned more than one jersey number.
b Each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.
c Only includes achievements as Heat players.


document_title: List of National Football League career passing yards leaders

question_text: who is the nfl's all-time passing leader

question_tokens: who is the nfl 's all-time passing leader

text: Players with at least 30,000 regular season career passing yards[edit]

text:
Key

^

Inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame

*

Denotes player who is still active in the NFL

text: Through Week 8 of 2018 season

text:
Rank

Player

Team(s) by season

Yards

1

Drew Brees*

San Diego Chargers (2001–2005) New Orleans Saints (2006–present)

72,435

2

Peyton Manning

Indianapolis Colts (1998–2011) Denver Broncos (2012–2015)

71,940

3

Brett Favre^

Atlanta Falcons (1991)Green Bay Packers (1992–2007) New York Jets (2008)Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010)

71,838

4

Tom Brady*

New England Patriots (2000–present)

68,359

5

Dan Marino^

Miami Dolphins (1983–1999)

61,361

6

Eli Manning*

New York Giants (2004–present)

54,059

7

Ben Roethlisberger*

Pittsburgh Steelers (2004–present)

53,355

8

Philip Rivers*

San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers (2004–present)

52,356

9

John Elway^

Denver Broncos (1983–1998)

51,475

10

Warren Moon^

Houston Oilers (1984–1993)Minnesota Vikings (1994–1996)Seattle Seahawks (1997–1998)Kansas City Chiefs (1999–2000)

49,325

11

Fran Tarkenton^

Minnesota Vikings (1961–1966, 1972–1978)New York Giants (1967–1971)

47,003

12

Carson Palmer

Cincinnati Bengals (2003–2010)Oakland Raiders (2011–2012)Arizona Cardinals (2013–2017)

46,247

13

Vinny Testaverde

Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1987–1992)Cleveland Browns (1993–1995)Baltimore Ravens (1996–1997)New York Jets (1998–2003, 2005)Dallas Cowboys (2004)New England Patriots (2006)Carolina Panthers (2007)

46,233

14

Drew Bledsoe

New England Patriots (1993–2001)Buffalo Bills (2002–2004)Dallas Cowboys (2005–2006)

44,611

15

Matt Ryan*

Atlanta Falcons (2008–present)

44,131

16

Dan Fouts^

San Diego Chargers (1973–1987)

43,040

17

Kerry Collins

Carolina Panthers (1995–1998)[a])New Orleans Saints (1998)New York Giants (1999–2003)Oakland Raiders (2004–2005)Tennessee Titans (2006–2010)Indianapolis Colts (2011)

40,922

18

Aaron Rodgers*

Green Bay Packers (2005–present)

40,785

19

Joe Montana^

San Francisco 49ers (1979–1992)Kansas City Chiefs (1993–1994)

40,551

20

Johnny Unitas^

Baltimore Colts (1956–1972)San Diego Chargers (1973)

40,239

21

Dave Krieg

Seattle Seahawks (1980–1991)Kansas City Chiefs (1992–1993)Detroit Lions (1994)Arizona Cardinals (1995)Chicago Bears (1996)Tennessee Oilers (1997–1998)

38,147

22

Joe Flacco*

Baltimore Ravens (2008–present)

38,039

23

Boomer Esiason

Cincinnati Bengals (1984–1992)New York Jets (1993–1995)Arizona Cardinals (1996)Cincinnati Bengals (1997)

37,920

24

Donovan McNabb

Philadelphia Eagles (1999–2009)Washington Redskins (2010)Minnesota Vikings (2011)

37,276

25

Matthew Stafford*

Detroit Lions (2009–present)

36,661

26

Matt Hasselbeck

Green Bay Packers (1998–2000)Seattle Seahawks (2001–2010)Tennessee Titans (2011–2012)Indianapolis Colts (2013–2015)

36,638

27

Jim Kelly^

Buffalo Bills (1986–1996)

35,467

28

Jay Cutler

Denver Broncos (2006–2008)Chicago Bears (2009–2016)Miami Dolphins (2017)

35,133

29

Jim Everett

Los Angeles Rams (1986–1993)New Orleans Saints (1994–1996)San Diego Chargers (1997)

34,837

30

Jim Hart

St. Louis Cardinals (1966–1983Washington Redskins 1984)

34,665

31

Steve DeBerg

San Francisco 49ers (1978–1980)Denver Broncos (1981–1983)Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1984–1987, 1992–1993[b]) Kansas City Chiefs (1988–1991)Miami Dolphins (1993)Atlanta Falcons (1998)

34,241

32

Tony Romo

Dallas Cowboys (2003–2016)

34,183

33

John Hadl

San Diego Chargers (1962–1972)Los Angeles Rams (1973–1974[c])Green Bay Packers (1974–1975)Houston Oilers (1976–1977)

33,503

34

Phil Simms

New York Giants (1979–1993)

33,462

35

Alex Smith*

San Francisco 49ers (2005–2012)Kansas City Chiefs (2013–2017)Washington Redskins (2018–present)

33,449

36

Steve Young^

Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1985–1986)San Francisco 49ers (1987–1999)

33,124

37

Troy Aikman^

Dallas Cowboys (1989–2000)

32,942

38

Ken Anderson

Cincinnati Bengals (1971–1986)

32,838

39

Kurt Warner^

St. Louis Rams (1998–2003)New York Giants (2004)Arizona Cardinals (2005–2009)

32,344

40

Sonny Jurgensen^

Philadelphia Eagles (1957–1963)Washington Redskins (1964–1974)

32,224

41

Mark Brunell

Green Bay Packers (1993–1994)Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–2003)Washington Redskins (2004–2006)New Orleans Saints (2008–2009)New York Jets (2010–2011)

32,072

42

John Brodie

San Francisco 49ers (1957–1973)

31,548

43

Steve McNair

Houston / Tennessee Oilers / Titans (1995–2005)Baltimore Ravens (2006–2007)

31,304

44

Norm Snead

Washington Redskins (1961–1963)Philadelphia Eagles (1964–1970)Minnesota Vikings (1971)New York Giants (1972–1974, 1976)San Francisco 49ers (1974–1975)

30,797

text: Note: Y. A. Tittle passed for 33,070 yards in his professional career. However, 4,731 of those yards came in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The NFL does not recognize statistics and records accrued in the AAFC.[1][2] As such, his career passing yards total in the NFL stands at 28,339.[3]

text: Active players with 26,000–29,999 yards[edit]

text: Through Week 8 of 2018 season; numbers in yards

text:
Ryan Fitzpatrick, 28,541
Andy Dalton, 27,636
Cam Newton, 26,720

text: Players with the most career passing yards including playoff games[edit]

text: Active players are in bold. Minimum 60K yards.

text:
1

Peyton Manning

79,279

2

Tom Brady

78,585

3

Brett Favre

77,693

4

Drew Brees

76,644

5

Dan Marino

65,871

text: Historical passing yards leaders[edit]

text: Ten players are recognised as having held the record as the NFL's career passing yardage leader.[4]  The longest record holder was Fran Tarkenton who held the record for 19 years.

text:
Reign
Player
Team(s) while leader
Career passing yards
Season(s)

1932–1942(11 years)
Arnie Herber^  [5]
Green Bay Packers
639
1932

1,295
1933

2,094
1934

2,823
1935

4,062
1936

4,746
1937

5,082
1938

6,189
1939

6,749
1940–1942

1943–1958(16 years)
Sammy Baugh^  [6]
Washington Redskins
8,379
1943

9,228
1944

10,897
1945

12,060
1946

14,998
1947

17,597
1948

19,500
1949

20,630
1950

21,734
1951

21,886
1952–1958

1959–1963(5 years)
Bobby Layne^  [7]
Pittsburgh Steelers
22,063
1959

23,877
1960

25,082
1961

26,768
1962–1963

1964–1967(4 years)
Y. A. Tittle^  [3]
New York Giants
28,339
1964–1967

1968–1975(8 years)
Johnny Unitas^  [8]
Baltimore Colts (1968–1972)San Diego Chargers (1973)
33,160
1968

35,502
1969

37,715
1970

38,657
1971

39,768
1972

40,239
1973–1975

1976–1994(19 years)
Fran Tarkenton^  [9]
Minnesota Vikings
41,801
1976

43,535
1977

47,003
1978–1994

1995–2006(12 years)
Dan Marino^  [10]
Miami Dolphins
48,841
1995

51,636
1996

55,416
1997

58,913
1998

61,361
1999–2006

2007–2014(8 years)
Brett Favre^  [11]
Green Bay Packers (2007)New York Jets (2008)Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010)
61,655
2007

65,127
2008

69,329
2009

71,838
2010–2014

2015–2017(3 years)
Peyton Manning  [12]

Denver Broncos

71,940

2015–2017

Since 2018(1 year)
Drew Brees[13]

New Orleans Saints

72,435

Since 2018


document_title: Windows Media Player

question_text: what version of windows media player comes with windows 7

text: Windows Media Player

text: History[edit]

text: The first version of Windows Media Player appeared in 1991, when Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions was released.[3] Originally called Media Player, this component was included with "Multimedia PC"-compatible machines but not available for retail sale. It was capable of playing .mmm animation files, and could be extended to support other formats.[4] It used MCI to handle media files. Being a component of Windows, Media Player shows the same version number as that of the version Windows with which it was included.

text: Microsoft continually produced new programs to play media files. In November of the following year, Video for Windows was introduced with the ability to play digital video files in an AVI container format,[5] with codec support for RLE and Video1, and support for playing uncompressed files. Indeo 3.2 was added in a later release. Video for Windows was first available as a free add-on to Windows 3.1, and later integrated into Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0. In 1995, Microsoft released ActiveMovie with DirectX Media SDK. ActiveMovie incorporates a new way of dealing with media files, and adds support for streaming media (which the original Media Player could not handle). In 1996, ActiveMovie was renamed DirectShow.[6] However, Media Player continued to come with Windows until Windows XP, in which it was officially renamed Windows Media Player v5.1.[7] ("v5.1" is the version number of Windows XP.)

text: In 1999, Windows Media Player's versioning broke away from that of Windows itself. Windows Media Player 6.4 came as an out-of-band update for Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0 that co-existed with Media Player and became a built-in component of Windows 2000, Windows ME and Windows XP with an mplayer2.exe stub allowing to use this built-in instead of newer versions.[8] Windows Media Player 7.0 and its successors also came in the same fashion, replacing each other but leaving Media Player and Windows Media Player 6.4 intact. Windows XP is the only operating system to have three different versions of Windows Media Player (v5.1, v6.4 and v8) side by side. All versions branded Windows Media Player (instead of simply Media Player) support DirectShow codecs. Windows Media Player version 7 was a large revamp, with a new user interface, visualizations and increased functionality. Windows Vista, however, dropped older versions of Windows Media Player in favor of v11.

text: Beginning with Windows Vista, Windows Media Player supports the Media Foundation framework besides DirectShow; as such it plays certain types of media using Media Foundation as well as some types of media using DirectShow.[9] Windows Media Player 12 was released with Windows 7. It included support for more media formats and added new features. With Windows 8, however, the player did not receive an upgrade.

text: On April 16, 2012, Microsoft announced that Windows Media Player would not be included in Windows RT, the line of Windows designed to run on ARM based devices.[10]

text: Features[edit]

text: Core playback and library functions[edit]

text: Windows Media Player supports playback of audio, video and pictures, along with fast forward, reverse, file markers (if present) and variable playback speed (seek & time compression/dilation introduced in WMP 9 Series). It supports local playback, streaming playback with multicast streams and progressive downloads. Items in a playlist can be skipped over temporarily at playback time without removing them from the playlist. Full keyboard-based operation is possible in the player.

text: Windows Media Player supports full media management, via the integrated media library introduced first in version 7, which offers cataloguing and searching of media and viewing media metadata. Media can be arranged according to album, artist, genre, date et al. Windows Media Player 9 Series introduced Quick Access Panel to browse and navigate the entire library through a menu. The Quick Access Panel was also added to the mini mode in version 10 but was entirely removed in version 11. WMP 9 Series also introduced ratings and Auto Ratings. Windows Media Player 10 introduced support for aggregating pictures, Recorded TV shows, and other media into the library. A fully featured tag editor was featured in versions 9-11 of WMP, called the Advanced Tag Editor. However, the feature was removed in Windows Media Player 12. Since WMP 9 Series, the player features dynamically updated Auto Playlists based on criteria. Auto Playlists are updated every time users open them. WMP 9 Series and later also supports Auto Ratings which automatically assigns ratings based on the number of times a song is played. Pre-populated auto playlists are included in Windows Media Player 9 Series. Custom Auto Playlists can be created only on Windows XP and later.

text: In Windows Media Player 11, the Quick Access Panel was removed and replaced with an Explorer-style navigation pane on the left which can be customized for each library to show the user selected media or metadata categories, with contents appearing on the right, in a graphical manner with thumbnails featuring album art or other art depicting the item. Missing album art can be added directly to the placeholders in the Library itself (though the program re-renders all album art imported this way into 1x1 pixel ratio, 200x200 resolution jpegs). There are separate Tiles, Icons, Details or Extended Tiles views for Music, Pictures, Video and Recorded TV which can be set individually from the navigation bar. Entries for Pictures and Video show their thumbnails. Version 11 also introduced the ability to search and display results on-the-fly as characters are being entered, without waiting for Enter key to be hit. Incremental search results are refined based on further characters that are typed. Stacking allows graphical representations of how many albums there are in a specific category or folder.  The pile appears larger as the category contains more albums. The List pane includes an option to prompt the user to remove items skipped in a playlist upon save or skip them only during playback.

text: Visualizations[edit]

text: While playing music, Windows Media Player can show visualizations. The current three visualizations are Alchemy, which was first introduced in version 9, Bars and Waves, which has been used since version 7, and Battery, introduced version 8. "Musical Colors" was removed starting with version 9, but is retained if Windows Media Player was upgraded from version 7 or 8. Version 11 and above refrains from having the former "Ambience", "Particle", "Plenoptic", and "Spikes" visualizations. The "Battery" visualization was similarly removed in later editions of version 12. The reason for their removal was that the visualizations do not support full screen controls (either the visualization gets shifted to the left while there is a thick black bar to the right side of the screen, that there are no full screen controls, or that the visualization have DXE Problems). More visualizations such as "BlazingColors", "ColorCubes", "Softie the Snowman," and "Yule Log" can be downloaded from Microsoft's website.

text: Format support[edit]

text: The player includes intrinsic support for Windows Media codecs and also WAV and MP3 media formats. On Windows XP and above with WMP 9 Series and later, the Windows Media Audio Professional codec is included which supports multichannel audio at up to 24-bit 192 kHz resolution. Windows Media Player 11 includes the Windows Media Format 11 runtime which adds low bitrate support (below 128 kbit/s for WMA Pro), support for ripping music to WMA Pro 10 and updates the original WMA to version 9.2.

text: Support for any media codec and container format can be added using specific DirectShow filters or Media Foundation codecs (Media Foundation codecs only in Windows Vista and later). The player will not play MP3 files that contain compressed ID3 headers ("tags"); trying to do so results in a "The input media file is invalid" error message. MP3 playback support was built-in beginning with version 6.1 and audio CD playback was natively supported with version 7.

text: DVD playback features minus the necessary decoders were integrated into Windows Media Player 8 for Windows XP. The player activates DVD and Blu-ray playback functionality with support for menus, titles and chapters, parental controls and audio track language selection if compatible decoders are installed. MPEG-2 and Dolby Digital (AC-3) decoders were included beginning with Windows Media Player 11 on Windows Vista (Home Premium and Ultimate editions only).

text: Windows Media Player 12 adds native support for H.264 and MPEG-4 Part 2 video formats, ALAC, AAC audio[11] and 3GP[clarification needed got no codec available for 3GP], MP4 and MOV container formats.[12] Windows Media Player 12 is also able to play AVCHD formats (.M2TS and .mts).[13]

text: As of Windows 10, Windows Media Player 12 can play FLAC , HEVC, ASS and SubRip subtitle, and Matroska container formats.

text: Windows Media Player Mobile[edit]

text: Windows Media Player Mobile 10 on Windows Mobile 6.5 supports MP3, ASF, WMA and WMV using WMV or MPEG-4 codecs.[14]

text: Disc burning, ripping, and playback[edit]

text: Windows Media Player features integrated Audio CD-burning support since version 7 as well as data CD burning support since Windows Media Player 9 Series on Windows XP and later. Data CDs can have any of the media formats supported by the player. While burning Data CDs, the media can, optionally, be transcoded into WMA format and playlists can be added to the CD as well. Starting with WMP 9 Series, audio CDs can be burnt with volume leveling.

text: Audio CDs can be ripped as WMA or WMA 10 Pro (WMA 10 Pro in WMP 11 and later) at 48, 64, 96, 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s, WMA lossless (470 to 940 kbit/s) (9 Series on XP and later), WMA variable bitrate (from 40-75 kbit/s up to 240-355 kbit/s), MP3 at 128, 192, 256 and 320 kbit/s, or uncompressed WAV (WAV ripping in WMP 11 and later). Since WMP 9 Series, 20 bit high-resolution CDs (HDCDs) are also supported, if capable audio hardware is present. Audio can be ripped using error correction and ripped audio can be protected with Windows Media DRM. Ripping to MP3 is supported only in Windows Media Player 8 for Windows XP and later if a compatible MP3 encoder is installed. Windows Media Player 10 included the Fraunhofer MP3 Professional encoder. Information on CDs such as album name, artist and track listings can optionally be automatically downloaded from the online Windows Media database when the CD is inserted. Version 11 added support for ripping audio CDs to WAV and WMA 10 Pro formats. For burning, version 11 shows a graphical bar indicating how much space will be used on the disc and introduced Disc spanning which splits a burn list onto multiple discs in case the content does not fit on one disc.

text: Portable device sync[edit]

text: Windows Media Player allows the user to connect, share and sync data with portable handheld devices and game consoles since version 7. Media can be optionally transcoded to a format better suited for the target device, automatically, when synchronizing. When deleting playlists from devices, Windows Media Player can automatically remove their contents. Devices can be formatted using Windows Media Player 9 Series and later. Version 10 and later support the Media Transfer Protocol and Auto Sync. Auto Sync allows users to specify criteria such as recently added music or highest rated songs, by which media will be automatically synchronized with the portable device and other advanced features like setting the clock on the portable device automatically, communicating with the device to retrieve the user's preferences. Windows Media Player 10 also introduced the UMDF-based Windows Portable Devices API.

text: Version 11 has improved synchronization features for loading content onto PlaysForSure-compatible portable players. WMP 11 supports reverse-synchronization, by which media present on the portable device can be replicated back to the PC. Shuffle Sync can be used to randomize content synced with the portable device, Multi PC Sync to synchronize portable device content across multiple PCs and Guest Sync to synchronize different content from multiple PCs with the portable device. Portable devices appear in the navigation pane of the library where their content can be browsed and searched.

text: Windows Media Player's 'Sync' function has options that allow it to be set to automatically down-convert (transcode) high bit-rate song files to a lower bit-rate.  This down-conversion function is switched on by default.  This is useful for providing low bit-rate files to those portable devices that need them, and to save space on portable devices with smaller storage capacities.  For high bit-rate capable devices with sufficient storage capabilities, the down conversion process can be omitted.

text: In versions 11 (2006) and 12 (2009), the Quality settings that the user has selected in the Windows Media Player settings for Sync, for that specific portable device, are used to control the quality (bit-rate) of files that are copied to the portable device.  Leaving the Quality settings to Automatic will often result in 192kbs files being copied to the portable device.  Manual settings can also be made.  192kbs is the highest quality down-conversion bit-rate that can be manually selected when the Sync function's down-conversion function is turned on.  Lower bit-rates can also be selected.

text: For portable devices that can handle high bit-rate files, the best quality files are obtained by leaving the down-conversion process switched off (unchecked) for that specific device.  In Windows Media Player Version 11, switching off the down-conversion function is done in the Quality tab of the Advanced Options of the Sync settings for the device.  In Windows Media Player Version 12, switching off the down-conversion function is done in the Quality tab of the Properties for the device in the Select Settings for the device in the Sync Options menu.

text: When set up in such a way, Windows Media Player's 'Sync' function can be used to sync unchanged high bit-rate song files to suitable portable devices (i.e. those capable of using file formats such as WMA Lossless, mp3-360kbs, etc.).  For example, some users have created large song libraries on their PCs containing .wma formatted song files using the high bit-rate WMA Lossless (WMA-LL) protocol, or using other high bit-rate song file formats.  The WMA-LL protocol is selectable in Windows Media Player as an option when ripping songs from CDs.  The resulting bit-rates seen on ripped WMA-LL files are often 3 to 6 times higher than 192kbs, and can typically fall anywhere in the range of 600kbs to 1200kbs, depending on the quality of the source file that was present on the CD in the first place.  The sound quality is much improved over the default rate, although the file size is larger.

text: At the time that Versions 11 and 12 were released, the capabilities and capacities of portable devices typically required down-conversion of the bit-rates of the files placed on the portable devices. Thus, Sync down-conversion was turned on by default.  This was to ensure playability of the files and to ensure that the file sizes were small enough to efficiently fit a reasonably large selection of songs on the portable device.

text: In recent years (circa 2012), portable devices became available that could natively play these Windows Media Player produced high bit-rate WMA-LL files (and others), and that have storage capacities suitable for large collections of high bit-rate song files.  This made it much more practicable and desirable to use software programs such as Windows Media Player to synchronize previously PC-bound libraries of high bit-rate songs to these new portable devices.

text: For example, the Samsung Galaxy Note II (2012) can natively play unchanged high bit-rate Windows Media Player WMA-LL files.  It can also be equipped with a micro-SDXC (flash NAND) memory card chip to expand the storage capacity to a size that is suitable for large collections of high bit-rate songs (up to 80GB total storage).  By 2012, the maximum total solid-state (flash NAND) storage of such portable devices available had reached 96GB.  In the case of certain models of the Samsung Galaxy S III, this is achieved with up to 32GB of NAND flash storage integrated into the device and an additional 64GB mSDXC NAND flash storage "memory card" inserted into the micro-SD expansion card slot.

text: Enhanced playback features[edit]

text: Windows Media Player features universal brightness, contrast, saturation and hue adjustments and pixel aspect ratio for supported video formats. It also includes a 10-band graphic equalizer with presets and SRS WOW audio post-processing system. Windows Media Player can also have attached audio and video DSP plug-ins which process the output audio or video data. Video Smoothing was introduced in WMP 9 Series (Windows XP and later only) which upscales frame-rate by interpolating added frames, in effect giving a smoother playback on low-framerate videos. The player supports subtitles and closed-captioning for local media, video on demand streaming or live streaming scenarios. Typically Windows Media captions support the SAMI file format but can also carry embedded closed caption data.

text: The player can use video overlays or VMR (Video Mixing Renderer) surfaces, if the video card supports them. In Windows XP, it uses VMR7 by default, but can also be made to use the more advanced YUV mixing mode by enabling the "Use high quality mode" option in Advanced Performance settings. This turns on deinterlacing, scaling and improved color accuracy.[15] WMP 9 Series introduced native playback for deinterlacing for TV output. Version 9 introduced DXVA accelerated playback. Version 11 introduced improved support for DirectX accelerated decoding of WMV video (DXVA decoding). Up to version 11, it supported static lyrics and "Synchronized Lyrics", by which different lines of lyrics can be time-stamped, so that they display only at those times. Synchronized Lyrics also were accessible through the Advanced Tag Editor which was removed in version 12.

text: Since Windows Media Player 9 Series, the player supports crossfading, audio dynamic range (Quiet Mode) for WMA Pro and WMA Lossless, and auto volume leveling for certain media which includes volume level/gain information such as MP3 or Windows Media. The player also supports extensive configurable privacy and security settings.

text: Shell integration[edit]

text: The player has Windows Explorer shell integration to add files and playlist to the Now Playing pane and other playlists can be controlled from the Windows Explorer shell itself, via right-click menu. The My Music folder also includes a separate My Playlists folder where playlists are maintained. When the player is closed and reopened, simply clicking the play button restores the last playlist even if it was not saved. Starting with Windows Media Player 10, the playlist pane is also visible from the Library view. AutoPlay handlers in Windows expose various Windows Media Player tasks.

text: Up to version 11, it featured a taskbar-mounted Mini mode in which the most common media control buttons are presented as a toolbar on the Windows taskbar. Flyout windows can display media information, the active visualization or the video being played back. Mini-mode was introduced as a shell player powertoy for Windows Media Player 8 in Windows XP and integrated later into WMP 9 Series. Mini-mode has been removed in Windows Media Player 12 in favor of controls in the taskbar's interactive thumbnail preview which lacks volume control, a progress bar and information displayed whenever a new song is played.

text: The user interface has been redesigned in Windows Media Player 12 such that the Now Playing view plays media in a separate minimalist window with floating playback controls, and also gives access to the current playlist, visualizations, and enhancements.[11] Enhancements are housed in individual undocked windows. The library view includes the rest of the media management functions. It also can preview songs from the library when users hover over the media file and click the Preview button.[11] Windows Media Player 12 can play unprotected songs from the iTunes library. The taskbar-integrated Mini-player has been replaced with controls in the taskbar's interactive thumbnail preview (called the Thumbnail Toolbar),[16] albeit minus the volume control function, track and album information shown whenever a new song is played and the progress bar. The taskbar icon also supports jump lists introduced in Windows 7.

text: Extensibility[edit]

text: The player has had skinning support since Windows Media Player (WMP) 7 and includes a color chooser since the WMP 9 Series. Not all functions are usually exposed in skin mode. Windows Media Player 10 allows setting the video border color. Color chooser has been removed in WMP 12. It supports visualizations and Info Center View (Info Center View in WMP 9 Series and later) which displays media metadata fetched from the internet. Full screen visualizations are supported in WMP 9 Series and later. It supports Background plug-ins, window plug-ins and Now Playing plug-ins to control media playback besides DSP and renderer plug-ins. Plug-in support was introduced in WMP 9 Series.

text: Online features[edit]

text: The player integrates web-browsing support to browse online music stores, shop for music and tune to internet radio stations since version 7. It provides an embeddable ActiveX control for Internet Explorer so that developers can play Windows Media on web pages. Windows Media Player 10 and later feature integration with a large number of online music stores and selecting a music store switches the Info Center view, radio and other online features to use services from that store. Purchased music from a particular store appears in a separate library node under the respective category.

text: Media streaming[edit]

text: Previously, Microsoft had released Windows Media Connect for Windows XP to stream media content with its built-in UPnP media server. With version 11 of Windows Media Player, Media Sharing was integrated and allows content (Music, Pictures, Video) to be streamed to and from Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) AV enabled devices such as the PS3, Xbox 360, and Roku SoundBridge. This includes DRM protected PlaysForSure content. WMP 11 on Windows Vista can also act as a client to connect to remote media libraries using this feature; this is not available on the Windows XP version.

text: With version 12, media streaming was further improved. While previous versions streamed media to UPnP compliant devices (Digital Media Server role) and could play media by fetching it from a network share (Digital Media Player role),[17] Windows Media Player 12 can access media from the shared media libraries on the network or HomeGroup, stream media to DLNA 1.5 compliant devices and allows itself (once the remote control option is turned on) to be remotely controlled by Digital Media Controller devices which stream media (Digital Media Renderer role).[17] Similarly, the Play To feature once enabled for remote PCs, by turning on remote control of the player, allows compliant devices and computers to be discovered and controlled remotely from a computer running Windows Media Player 12 (Digital Media Controller role).[17] If the devices do not support the streamed format, Windows Media Player 12 transcodes the format on-the-fly. Media from a home network can also be streamed over the internet using an Online ID Provider service, which handles discovery of the computer's IP address, authorization, security, connectivity and Quality of Service issues.[17]

text: Skin Mode[edit]

text: Windows Media Player also features skins. Currently, Windows Media Player has two default skins: "Corporate", which was first introduced in version 8, and "Revert", which first shipped with version 9. In versions 7 and 8, there were many unusual skins such as "Heart", "Headspace", "Canvas", "Goo", and "Atomic", which were removed starting with version 9, but are retained if the player is upgraded, although some can still be downloaded from an archive of the Microsoft website.[18] "QuickSilver", "Compact", and "9SeriesDefault" were removed starting with version 11, but are similarly retained if upgraded from version 9 or 10. This Corporate skin is not deletable.

text: Security issues[edit]

text: Microsoft Windows Media Runtime in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows Server contained a coding error that permitted "remote code execution if a user opened a specially crafted media file". Such a file would allow the attacker to "then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights", if the account on which the file was played had administrator privileges.[19] The problem was addressed in a critical update issued on September 8, 2009.[20]

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Microsoft has also released versions of Windows Media Player for other platforms including Windows Mobile, classic Mac OS, Mac OS X, Palm-size PC, Handheld PC, and Solaris. Of these, only the Windows Mobile edition continues to be actively developed and supported by Microsoft. Version 1 of the Zune software was also based on Windows Media Player; later versions are not.

text: Windows Mobile[edit]

text: Windows Media Player for Pocket PC was first announced on January 6, 2000, and has been revised on a schedule roughly similar to that of the Windows version.[21] Currently known as "Media Player 10 Mobile", this edition (released in October 2004) closely resembles the capabilities of the Windows version of WMP 10, including playlist capabilities, a media library, album art, WMA Lossless playback, support for DRM-protected media, video playback at 640×480 with stereo sound, and the same Energy Blue interface aesthetics also seen in Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005. It also supports synchronization with the desktop version of WMP 10, and additionally supports synchronizing and transcoding of recorded television shows from Media Center.  Media Player 10 Mobile is not available as a download from Microsoft; distribution is done solely through OEM partners, and is typically included on devices based on Windows Mobile.

text: Windows Mobile 6 includes a copy of Windows Media Player 10 Mobile, but with a similar (but not quite identical) theme as Windows Media Player 11.

text: Mac OS X[edit]

text: Version 9 was the final version of Windows Media Player to be released for Mac OS X before development was canceled by Microsoft.  It was developed by the Windows Media team at Microsoft instead of the Macintosh Business Unit and released in 2003. On release the application lacked many basic features that were found in other media players such as Apple's iTunes and QuickTime.[citation needed] It also lacked support for many media formats that version 9 of the Windows counterpart supported on release 10 months earlier.

text: The Mac version supported only Windows Media encoded media (up to version 9) enclosed in the ASF format, lacking support for all other formats such as MP4, MPEG, and Microsoft's own AVI format. On the user interface front, it did not prevent screensavers from running during playback, it did not support file drag-and-drop, nor did it support playlists. While Windows Media Player 9 had added support for some files that use the WMV9 codec (also known as the WMV3 codec by the FourCC), in other aspects it was seen as having degraded in features from previous versions.

text: On January 12, 2006 Microsoft announced it had ceased development of Windows Media Player for Mac. Microsoft now distributes a third-party plugin called WMV Player (produced and maintained by Flip4Mac) which allows some forms of Windows Media to be played within Apple's QuickTime Player and other QuickTime-aware applications.[22]

text: European Commission case[edit]

text: In March 2004, the European Commission in the European Union Microsoft antitrust case fined Microsoft €497 million and ordered the company to provide a version of Windows without Windows Media Player, claiming Microsoft "broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players". The company has made available a compliant version of its flagship operating system under the negotiated name "Windows XP N", though the product has not been very successful. Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 are also available in "N" editions. However, it is possible to either install Windows Media Player (XP/Vista)[23] or the Media Restore Pack through Windows Update (Vista) to add the media player.

text: Release history[edit]

text: Prior to the release of Windows Media Player in Windows 98 Second Edition, separate programs, CD Player, Deluxe CD Player, DVD Player and Media Player, were included in old versions of Microsoft Windows for playback of media files.

text:
Windows Media Player versions[24]

Version
Original release
Included with
Available for

Microsoft Windows

Windows Media Player 12
October 22, 2009
Windows 7Windows 8Windows 8.1Windows 10 Windows Server 2008 R2Windows Server 2012Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2016
N/A

Windows Media Player 11
January 30, 2007
Windows Server 2008Windows Vista
Windows XPWindows XP x64 Edition

Windows Media Player 10
September 2, 2004
Windows Server 2003 (SP1+)Windows XP x64 Edition (SP2+)Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
Windows Server 2003Windows XPWindows XP x64 Edition[25]

Windows Media Player 9 Series
January 7, 2003[26]
Windows XP (SP2+)Windows Server 2003 (RTM)
Windows XPWindows MEWindows 2000Windows 98 SE

Windows Media Player for Windows XP (version 8)
October 25, 2001
Windows XP (RTM & SP1)
N/A

Windows Media Player 7.1
May 16, 2001
N/A
Windows MEWindows 2000Windows 98Windows NT 4.0Windows 95

Windows Media Player 7.0
July 17, 2000[27]
Windows ME
Windows 2000Windows 98Windows NT 4.0Windows 95

Windows Media Player 6.4[b]
April 29, 1999
Windows 2000Windows ME (hidden)Windows XP (hidden)Internet Explorer 5.01Internet Explorer 5.5Internet Explorer 6.0
Windows 98Windows NT 4.0Windows 95

Windows Media Player 6.1

October 1997
Windows 98 SEInternet Explorer 5.0
Windows 98 Windows NT 4.0Windows 95

Microsoft Media Player 5.1
2001
Windows XP (hidden)
N/A

Media Player 5.0
1999
Windows 2000 (hidden)
N/A

Media Player 4.9
2000
Windows ME (hidden)
N/A

Media Player 4.1
1998
Windows 98Windows 98 SE (hidden)
N/A

Media Player 4.0
1995
Windows 95Windows NT 4.0
N/A

Media Player 3.51
1995
Windows NT 3.51
N/A

Media Player 3.5
1994
Windows NT 3.5
N/A

Media Player 3.15
1992
N/A
Windows 3.1 with Video for Windows

Media Player 3.1
1992
Windows 3.1Windows NT 3.1
N/A

Media Player 3.0
1991
N/A
Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extension

Windows Mobile

Windows Media Player 10.3 Mobile
February 12, 2007 (Windows Mobile 6)
Windows Mobile 6.1Windows Mobile 6
Windows Mobile 5.0

Windows Media Player 10.2 Mobile
?
Windows Mobile 5.0
N/A

Windows Media Player 10.1 Mobile
May 10, 2005
Windows Mobile 5.0
N/A

Windows Media Player 10 Mobile
October 12, 2004
Windows Mobile 2003 SE
N/A

Windows Media Player 9.0.1
March 24, 2004
Windows Mobile 2003 SE
N/A

Windows Media Player 9 Series
June 23, 2003
Windows Mobile 2003
N/A

Windows Media Player 8.5
October 11, 2002
Pocket PC 2002
N/A

Windows Media Player 8.01
July 2002
Pocket PC 2002
N/A

Windows Media Player 8
October 4, 2001 (Pocket PC)
Pocket PC 2002Smartphone 2002
N/A

Windows Media Player 7.1
May 21, 2001
Pocket PC 2000
N/A

Windows Media Player 7
December 12, 2000
Pocket PC 2000
N/A

Windows Media Player 1.2
September 7, 2000
Handheld PC 2000
N/A

Windows Media Player 1.1
?
Palm-size PC CE 2.11
N/A

Windows Media Player
April 19, 2000
Pocket PC 2000
N/A

Mac

Windows Media Player 9 Series
November 7, 2003
N/A
Mac OS X

Windows Media Player 7
July 24, 2001
Mac OS 9
Mac OS 8

Windows Media Player 6.3
July 17, 2000
Mac OS 8
Mac OS 7

Solaris

Windows Media Player 6.3
July 17, 2000
N/A
Solaris