document_title: Buckingham Palace

question_text: what is the bow room in buckingham palace

text: Buckingham Palace

text: History[edit]

text: Site[edit]

text: In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace.[6] Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.[7]

text: In 1531, King Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James (later St James's Palace)[8] from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey.[9] These transfers brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal hands for the first time since William the Conqueror had given it away almost 500 years earlier.[10]

text: Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland.[11] Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.)[12] Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.[13]

text: First houses on the site[edit]

text: Goring House[edit]

text: Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624.[14] The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden.[15][16] He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution".[17] It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.[18]

text: Arlington House[edit]

text: The improvident Goring defaulted on his rents;[19] Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington obtained the mansion and was occupying it, now known as Goring House, when it burned down in 1674.[16] Arlington House rose on the site—the location of the southern wing of today's palace—the next year.[16] In 1698, John Sheffield, later the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, acquired the lease.[20]

text: Buckingham House[edit]

text: The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings.[21] Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's natural son, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761[5] to George III for £21,000.[22] Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.[23]

text: From Queen's House to palace[edit]

text: Under the new crown ownership, the building was originally intended as a private retreat for King George III's wife, Queen Charlotte, and was accordingly known as The Queen's House. Remodelling of the structure began in 1762.[24] In 1775, an Act of Parliament settled the property on Queen Charlotte, in exchange for her rights to Somerset House,[25] and 14 of their 15 children were born there. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution[26] of 1789. While St James's Palace remained the official and ceremonial royal residence,[25] the name "Buckingham-palace" began from at least 1791.[27]

text: After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash.[28] The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work.[29][30] After the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament.[31]

text: Home of the monarch[edit]

text: Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria,[32] who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion.[33] While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence.[34] Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when it was decided to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty.[34] Following the Queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace.[35] The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.

text: By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family,[36] and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt,[37] enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour.[38] The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.[39]

text: Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments,[40] and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer Felix Mendelssohn is known to have played there on three occasions.[41] Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England.[42] Strauss's "Alice Polka" was first performed at the palace in 1849 in honour of the queen's daughter, Princess Alice.[43] Under Victoria, Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls, in addition to the usual royal ceremonies, investitures and presentations.[44]

text: Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business."[45] Eventually, public opinion persuaded the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.[46]

text: Interior[edit]

text: The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace.[47] The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace and Quirinal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, and the Forbidden City.[48] There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. The palace also has its own post office, cinema, swimming pool, doctor's surgery, and jeweller's workshop.[47][49]

text: The principal rooms are contained on the piano nobile behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long.[50] The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer;[51][52] other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase.[50] The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a tribune lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining, but are open to the public every summer.[53]

text: Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the State visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and, on the other side of the Bow Room, the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France.[56] At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens.[57] The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing.[58]

text: Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott.[54] The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.[59]

text: At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding"[60] Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle.[61] It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.[62]

text: The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which still survive, included widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme.[63]

text: When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are linked by narrow corridors, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane.[64] A second corridor in the suite has Gothic-influenced cross-over vaulting.[64] The Belgian Rooms themselves were decorated in their present style and named after Prince Albert's uncle Léopold I, first King of the Belgians. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when they were occupied by King Edward VIII.[47]

text: Court ceremonies[edit]

text: Investitures[edit]

text: Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high,[47] it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911.[65] A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends.[66]

text: State banquets[edit]

text:
External video

 Transforming the Ballroom for a State Banquet (timelapse)

text: State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state.[66] On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV.[67] The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps.[68] On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them,[69] beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.[70]

text: Other ceremonies and functions[edit]

text: Smaller ceremonies such as the reception of new ambassadors take place in the "1844 Room". Here too, the Queen holds small lunch parties, and often meetings of the Privy Council. Larger lunch parties often take place in the curved and domed Music Room, or the State Dining Room.[71] Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room. The Queen's first three children were all baptised there.[72] On all formal occasions, the ceremonies are attended by the Yeomen of the Guard in their historic uniforms, and other officers of the court such as the Lord Chamberlain.[73]

text: Former ceremonial at the Palace[edit]

text: Court dress[edit]

text: Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low.[74] Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code.[47] Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits;[47] a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.[75]

text: "Coming Out" – Court presentation of débutantes[edit]

text: Débutantes were aristocratic young ladies making their first entrée into society through presentation to the monarch at court. These occasions, known as "coming out", took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. Wearing full court dress, with three ostrich feathers in their hair, débutantes entered, curtsied, and performed a backwards walk and a further curtsey, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.[76] After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually omitting curtsies and court dress.[77] In 1958, the Queen abolished the presentation parties for débutantes,[78] replacing them with Garden Parties,[79] for up to 8,000 invitees in the Garden. They are the largest functions of the year.[80]

text: Security breaches[edit]

text: The boy Jones was an intruder who gained entry to the palace on three occasions between 1838 and 1841.[81][82] At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorised entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914,[83] including Michael Fagan, who broke into the palace twice in 1982 and entered the Queen's bedroom on the second occasion. At the time, news media reported that he had a long conversation with the Queen while she waited for security officers to arrive, but in a 2012 interview with The Independent, Fagan said the Queen ran out of the room and no conversation took place.[84] It was only in 2007 that trespassing on the palace grounds became a criminal offence.[85][88]

text: Garden, Royal Mews and The Mall[edit]

text: At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London.[89] There, the Queen hosts her annual garden parties each summer, and also holds large functions to celebrate royal milestones, such as jubilees. It covers 40 acres (16 ha), and includes a helicopter landing area, a lake, and a tennis court.[47]

text: Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since George IV. It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II.[90] Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions.[91]

text: The Mall, a ceremonial approach route to the palace, was designed by Sir Aston Webb and completed in 1911 as part of a grand memorial to Queen Victoria. It extends from Admiralty Arch, across St James's Park to the Victoria Memorial. This route is used by the cavalcades and motorcades of visiting heads of state, and by the royal family on state occasions such as the annual Trooping the Colour.[92]

text: Modern history[edit]

text: In 1901 the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.[93]

text: The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria, placed outside the main gates.[94] George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties.[95] He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919) – the first jazz performance for a head of state, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom.[96][97] George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room.[98] This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed specially by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.[99]

text: During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household.[100] To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence.[101] In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.[102]

text: During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times,[103] the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed.[104] War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported:

text: By the Editor: The King and Queen have endured the ordeal which has come to their subjects. For the second time a German bomber has tried to bring death and destruction to the home of Their Majesties … When this war is over the common danger which King George and Queen Elizabeth have shared with their people will be a cherished memory and an inspiration through the years.[105]

text: On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station.[106] The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.[107]

text: On VE Day—8 May 1945—the palace was the centre of British celebrations. The King, Queen, Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen), and Princess Margaret appeared on the balcony, with the palace's blacked-out windows behind them, to the cheers from a vast crowd in the Mall.[108] The damaged Palace was carefully restored after the War by John Mowlem & Co.[109] It was designated a Grade I listed building in 1970.[110]

text: 21st century: Royal use and public access[edit]

text: Every year, some 50,000 invited guests are entertained at garden parties, receptions, audiences, and banquets. Three Garden Parties are held in the summer, usually in July.[111] The Forecourt of Buckingham Palace is used for Changing of the Guard, a major ceremony and tourist attraction (daily from April to July; every other day in other months).[112]

text: The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the reigning monarch in right of the Crown. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle.[113] Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection.[114] It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II.[20] The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms.[115] In the year to 31 March 2016, 519,000 people visited the palace, and 194,000 visited the gallery.[116]

text: Her Majesty's Government is responsible for maintaining the palace in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate.[117] In November 2015, the State Dining Room was closed for six months because its ceiling had become potentially dangerous.[118] A 10-year schedule of maintenance work, including new plumbing, wiring, boilers, and radiators, and the installation of solar panels on the roof, has been estimated to cost £369 million and was approved by the prime minister in November 2016. It will be funded by a temporary increase in the Sovereign Grant paid from the income of the Crown Estate and is intended to extend the building's working life by at least 50 years.[119][120] In March 2017, the House of Commons backed funding for the project by 464 votes to 56.[121]

text: Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery, and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates that were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911[46] and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection Trust as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace",[46] is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses their offices, as well as those of the Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.[47]


document_title: Suits (season 5)

question_text: when does donna go back to harvey in suits

root

text: Suits (season 5)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The series revolves around corporate lawyer Harvey Specter and his associate attorney Mike Ross who, between the two of them, have only one law degree.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text: Regular cast[edit]

text:
Gabriel Macht as Harvey Specter
Patrick J. Adams as Mike Ross
Rick Hoffman as Louis Litt
Meghan Markle as Rachel Zane
Sarah Rafferty as Donna Paulsen
Gina Torres as Jessica Pearson

tag: ul

text: Special Guest Star[edit]

text: David Costabile as Daniel Hardman

text: Recurring Cast[edit]

text:
Wendell Pierce as Robert Zane
Eric Roberts as Charles Forstman
Amanda Schull as Katrina Bennett
Rachael Harris as Sheila Sazs
Leslie Hope as Anita Gibbs
John Pyper-Ferguson as Jack Soloff

text: Guest Cast[edit]

text: Megan Gallagher as Laura Zane

text: Six actors received star billing in the show's first season. Each character works at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan.  Gabriel Macht plays corporate lawyer Harvey Specter, who is promoted to senior partner and is forced to hire an associate attorney. Patrick J. Adams plays college dropout Mike Ross, who wins the associate position with his eidetic memory and genuine desire to be a good lawyer. Rick Hoffman plays Louis Litt, Harvey's jealous rival and the direct supervisor of the firm's first-year associates. Meghan Markle plays Rachel Zane, a paralegal who aspires to be an attorney but her test anxiety prevents her from attending Harvard Law School. Sarah Rafferty plays Donna Paulsen, Harvey's long-time legal secretary and confidant. Gina Torres plays Jessica Pearson, the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)611"Denial"Anton CropperAaron KorshJune 24, 2015 (2015-06-24)2.13[2]
Harvey's work is impacted by changes around the office; and Donna adjusts to working for Louis, who believes she's certain to return to Harvey. In other events, Mike and Rachel must decide how and when to share their big news; and an up-and-coming partner confronts Jessica about Harvey's way of doing business.
622"Compensation"Michael SmithRick MuirraguiJuly 1, 2015 (2015-07-01)2.27[3]
Harvey searches for a replacement for Donna while Mike takes on a case as a favor. Meanwhile, Rachel's father offers advice about her engagement to Mike, and Louis is embroiled in surprising money matters. Jack confronts Jessica about Harvey.
633"No Refills"Anton CropperChris DowneyJuly 8, 2015 (2015-07-08)2.16[4]
Mike brings in Robert Zane to co-counsel a case, pitting his instincts as a lawyer against his desire to stay in his future father-in-law's good graces.
644"No Puedo Hacerlo"Silver TreeGenevieve SparlingJuly 15, 2015 (2015-07-15)2.38[5]
Harvey steps outside his usual area of expertise, in order to take a case from a client who has a special tie to the firm. Mike and Zane work their class-action case together, but Mike learns they have different ideas about what constitutes a win - for themselves, and for their clients.
655"Toe to Toe"Kevin BrayNora Zuckerman & Lilla ZuckermanJuly 22, 2015 (2015-07-22)2.09[6]
In a session with his therapist, Harvey is talking about his dream that is troubling him lately. In his dream, he sees Donna and Travis Tanner sleeping together. This dream pops into his subconscious because he is in the middle of a case against him.
666"Privilege"Michael SmithKyle LongJuly 29, 2015 (2015-07-29)2.16[7]
Reeling from Dr. Agard’s revelation about the root of his panic attacks, Harvey is forced to make a tough personal decision in a case that touches a nerve. Meanwhile, Mike and Louis have taken over responsibility for Harvey’s oldest client, and must decide what to do when that client’s demands go against his own best interests. And Donna tries to work her magic to make Rachel’s dream wedding possible.
677"Hitting Home"Roger KumbleSharyn RothsteinAugust 5, 2015 (2015-08-05)2.08[8]
At Jessica’s behest, Mike teams up with Jack Soloff to co-counsel a case, and despite their history the two come to a surprising understanding. Meanwhile, Esther Litt returns to P.S.L. to solve a problem discreetly, but Louis rarely handles anything quietly – especially when it comes to family. And Donna and Harvey try to get their friendship back to normal, but Harvey has a hard time stomaching Donna’s “friendly advice.”
688"Mea Culpa"Kate DennisDaniel ArkinAugust 12, 2015 (2015-08-12)2.31[9]
Jessica does damage control in the wake of Harvey punching Louis, just as Jack Soloff and Daniel Hardman are looking for weaknesses to exploit. Meanwhile, Donna counsels both men on how to rectify their issues. And Mike must find a way to turn down his recently announced promotion without raising suspicion – while he and Rachel combat an opposing attorney who holds the key to uncovering his secret.
699"Uninvited Guests"Silver TreeChris DowneyAugust 19, 2015 (2015-08-19)2.30[10]
Rachel and her mom plan for Rachel’s dream wedding, but Rachel worries that the event could reveal Mike’s secret. In other events, Daniel Hardman and Jack Soloff make their move against Jessica and the partners; Harvey and Mike tangle with Hardman’s mysterious backer, and Louis tries to find Jack’s weakness.
7010"Faith"Anton CropperGenevieve SparlingAugust 26, 2015 (2015-08-26)2.34[11]
With their backs against the wall, Jessica and Louis make a last-ditch effort to rally the support of the partners, as Daniel Hardman and Jack Soloff attempt a takeover of the firm. Meanwhile, Mike and Harvey must each face down the demons of their past in order to make potentially life-altering decisions and as Jessica won the leadership vote Mike delivers Harvey his resignation letter he then gave it to Rachel and then was Arrested
7111"Blowback"Cherie NowlanNora Zuckerman & Lilla ZuckermanJanuary 27, 2016 (2016-01-27)1.74[12]
Ruthless US Attorney Anita Gibbs (Leslie Hope) takes Mike in for questioning, and refuses him access to a lawyer until he forces a taped statement regarding his denial of rights. A panicked Rachel calls her father Robert for support, inadvertently proving to him that Mike is a fraud, causing a rift between Robert and Rachel. Harvey, who wants to represent Mike, is torn between keeping Hardman and Soloff at bay and keeping appearances up against Gibbs at the firm. Harvey leverages Mike's resignation letter for bail, while Mike uses his ability to bring forth conspiracy charges to force Soloff to back down. Louis attempts to shield Donna from prosecution, but when she refuses to stand aside, Louis allows her and Harvey to reunite.
7212"Live to Fight…"Rob SeidenglanzSharyn RothsteinFebruary 3, 2016 (2016-02-03)1.51[13]
Mike and Louis discover that it was Sheila Sazs who reported Mike to the authorities after Louis recognises the wording and language in the anonymous email (sent from a general Harvard Faculty address) as hers. He pays her a visit at her home and asks Sheila to retract her email. While she refuses, she agrees not to come forward as the person who wrote the email, meaning that it cannot be used as evidence. She informs Louis that she was reading a journal article about Mike's promotion to Junior Partner when she realised that Mike had no paper-file in her file room and was likely a fraud. Meanwhile, Gibbs detains Donna's father in an attempt to get Donna to turn on Harvey. Mike goes to visit Professor Gerard and obtains a vague letter from him implying that Mike was in his ethics class at Harvard Law. Gibbs agrees to release Donna's father, provided that Harvey and Mike won't use Gerard's letter in the case. Gretchen informs Louis that she was the one who called the publishers of the journal to have the article written, but that she's supporting Pearson Specter Litt.
7313"God's Green Earth"Anton CropperGenevieve Sparling & Sandra SilversteinFebruary 10, 2016 (2016-02-10)1.71[14]
Anita Gibbs lures Rachel into a conversation by making everything said during their meeting inadmissible, then threatens Rachel's dreams of a law career unless she turns on the firm. Harvey, after confronting Gibbs about talking to Rachel, hears Gibbs say "God's green earth," thereby deducing that she wrote the New York Journal op-ed that greatly hurt the Pearson Specter Litt reputation. Louis puts pressure on Sheila and sends her on a "vacation" to Argentina. Donna, while looking through Gibbs' documents, discovers that Trevor talked to Gibbs.
7414"Self Defense"Patrick J. AdamsKyle LongFebruary 17, 2016 (2016-02-17)1.58[15]
As time runs out before the trial, Mike wants to represent himself while Harvey wants to lead the charge. To decide the issue, Harvey challenges Mike to a winner takes all showdown.
7515"Tick Tock"Roger KumbleDaniel ArkinFebruary 24, 2016 (2016-02-24)1.73[16]
The jury comes back but, before the outcome is announced, Mike decides to take up Anita Gibbs on one of her deals. Which one is not mentioned, but Harvey is shown racing to Gibbs' office to try and stop Mike.
7616"25th Hour"Anton CropperAaron KorshMarch 2, 2016 (2016-03-02)1.71[17]
Mike takes the prison deal that Anita Gibbs offered him, provided she doesn't go after Harvey or any of the other partners at Pearson Specter Litt. Harvey tracks down the foreman of the jury to know what the verdict was going to be. He learns that Mike was found not guilty, but chooses not to tell Mike the truth, thereby saving him the pain of knowing he made the wrong decision. Mike & Rachel decide to get married the following day, but Mike refuses to marry her in the end, telling her that, if she wants to, they can revisit it when he gets out. Meanwhile, Harvey tries to find a way to nullify the deal Mike made with Anita Gibbs, but fails. He then decides to hand over the case files for Liberty Rail, telling Gibbs that she can prosecute a murderer in exchange for Mike not going to prison. Gibbs rejects the proposal, saying Harvey should do the right thing and get the case prosecuted anyway instead of using it as a bargaining chip. Jessica, Louis, and Donna return to the office the next day and find that all the employees are gone. In the last scene, Mike is seen entering the prison gate.

tag: table

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Original air date

Time slot (EST)

Viewers(in millions)

Rating(Adults 18–49)

18-49 Rankon Cable

Note

1

"Denial"

June 24, 2015 (2015-06-24)

Thursdays9:00 p.m.

2.13

0.6

#2

[2]

2

"Compensation"

July 1, 2015 (2015-07-01)

2.27

0.6

#3

[3]

3

"No Refills"

July 8, 2015 (2015-07-08)

2.16

0.6

#5

[4]

4

"No Puedo Hacerlo"

July 15, 2015 (2015-07-15)

2.38

0.6

#2

[5]

5

"Toe to Toe"

July 22, 2015 (2015-07-22)

2.09

0.6

#4

[6]

6

"Privilege"

July 29, 2015 (2015-07-29)

2.16

0.5

#5

[7]

7

"Hitting Home"

August 5, 2015 (2015-08-05)

2.08

0.6

#6

[8]

8

"Mea Culpa"

August 12, 2015 (2015-08-12)

2.31

0.7

#2

[9]

9

"Uninvited Guests"

August 19, 2015 (2015-08-19)

2.30

0.6

#2

[10]

10

"Faith"

August 26, 2015 (2015-08-26)

2.34

0.6

#2

[11]

11

"Blowback"

January 27, 2016 (2016-01-27)

1.74

0.5

#8

[12]

12

"Live to Fight"

February 3, 2016 (2016-02-03)

1.51

0.5

#12

[13]

13

"God's Green Earth"

February 10, 2016 (2016-02-10)

1.71

0.5

#8

[14]

14

"Self Defense"

February 17, 2016 (2016-02-17)

1.58

0.5

#12

[15]

15

"Tick Tock"

February 24, 2016 (2016-02-24)

1.73

0.5

#7

[16]

16

"25th Hour"

March 2, 2016 (2016-03-02)

1.71

0.5

#7

[17]


document_title: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air

question_text: first name of the guy in fresh prince

question_tokens: first name of the guy in fresh prince

text: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air

text: Development[edit]

text: In December 1989, NBC approached Will Smith, a popular rapper during the late 1980s.[3] The pilot episode began taping on May 1, 1990.[4] Season 1 first aired in September 1990, and ended in May 1991. The series finale was taped on Thursday, March 21, 1996.[5][6]

text: The theme song "Yo Home to Bel Air" was written and performed by Smith under his stage name, The Fresh Prince. The music was composed by Quincy Jones, who is credited with Smith at the end of each episode. The music often used to bridge scenes together during the show is based on a similar chord structure.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The theme song and opening sequence set the premise of the show. Will Smith is a street smart teenager, born and raised in West Philadelphia. While playing basketball, Will misses a shot and the ball hits a group of people, causing a confrontation that frightens his mother, who sends him to live with his aunt and uncle in the opulent neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles.

text: Will's working-class background ends up clashing in various humorous ways with the upper class world of the Banks family – Will's uncle Phil and aunt Vivian and their children, Will's cousins: Hilary, Carlton, and Ashley.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Will Smith as Will Smith
James Avery as Philip Banks
Janet Hubert-Whitten (Season 1–3) and Daphne Maxwell Reid (Season 4–6) as Vivian Banks
Alfonso Ribeiro as Carlton Banks
Karyn Parsons as Hilary Banks
Tatyana M. Ali as Ashley Banks
Joseph Marcell as Geoffrey Butler
Ross Bagley as Nicholas "Nicky" Banks (Seasons 5 & 6)

text: Major supporting characters[edit]

text:
DJ Jazzy Jeff as Jazz
Vernee Watson-Johnson as Viola "Vy" Smith
Jenifer Lewis as Helen Smith (recurring)
Nia Long as Lisa Wilkes (Season 5)
Tyra Banks as Jacqueline "Jackie" Ames (Season 4)
John Amos as Fred Wilkes (Lisa's father) (Season 5)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[7]

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Rating

1
25
September 10, 1990 (1990-09-10)
May 6, 1991 (1991-05-06)
N/A
N/A

2
24
September 9, 1991 (1991-09-09)
May 4, 1992 (1992-05-04)
22
14.3
(Tied with Empty Nest)

3
24
September 14, 1992 (1992-09-14)
May 10, 1993 (1993-05-10)
16
14.6
(Tied with Hangin' with Mr. Cooper and The Jackie Thomas Show)

4
26
September 20, 1993 (1993-09-20)
May 23, 1994 (1994-05-23)
21
13.7
(Tied with Dave's World)

5
25
September 19, 1994 (1994-09-19)
May 15, 1995 (1995-05-15)
N/A
N/A

6
24
September 18, 1995 (1995-09-18)
May 20, 1996 (1996-05-20)
N/A
N/A

text: Crossovers and other appearances[edit]

text: During the fall 1991–1992 season, NBC gained two hit television shows to anchor their Monday night lineup (Blossom aired immediately after The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air). To gain popularity between the two shows, Will Smith appeared in the Blossom episode "I'm with the Band" as himself under his rap stage name, The Fresh Prince. That same season, Karyn Parsons appeared in the Blossom episode "Wake Up Little Suzy" as Hilary Banks. Parsons also appeared in the Patti LaBelle sitcom Out All Night as Hilary.

text: In the House and Fresh Prince were both executive produced by Winifred Hervey, David Salzman and Quincy Jones. During the second season's first episode, Alfonso Ribeiro and Tatyana Ali appeared as their Fresh Prince characters (Carlton and Ashley Banks) in the crossover episode "Dog Catchers". Later that season, James Avery (Phillip Banks) appeared as a mediator in the episode "Love on a One-Way Street".

text: In the Season 4 episode "My Pest Friend's Wedding", James Avery and Daphne Maxwell Reid (Vivian Banks) guest starred as Dr. Maxwell Stanton's parents (Stanton was played by Ribeiro). Both Avery and Reid portrayed the parents of Ribeiro's Fresh Prince character. Joseph Marcell, who played the wisecracking Geoffrey Butler on Fresh Prince, also appeared as an officiating minister in the same episode.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The series was produced by NBC Productions in association with The Stuffed Dog Company and Quincy Jones Entertainment (later Quincy Jones-David Salzman Entertainment in 1993). After the show was released to syndication in 1994, the series has been distributed by Warner Bros. Television, which continues to distribute the show worldwide (although NBCUniversal does own the series' copyright). WGN America was the first cable channel to acquire the series in 1997, TBS acquired the series a year later in 1998; both channels carried the series until the fall of 2003, though TBS reacquired the series in 2007.

text: The theme song was shown in the original TBS run, but after TBS re-acquired Fresh Prince in 2007, the opening credits were truncated and the theme song removed and replaced with the instrumental version used as the show's closing theme; these versions also re added portions of scenes cut from the original syndicated prints for some episodes, particularly those from Seasons 3 to 6. TBS continues to air the series today, early in the morning. Reruns also aired on WPIX-TV back to back weeknights at 6 pm & 6:30 pm EST from 1994 until 2000, and as a weekday basis at 5 pm from 2000 to 2005, sometimes on weekends until 2007. But, the series was still rerunning on The WB's affiliation WPIX-TV until 2006.

text: While moving The WB to Nick at Nite, it was airing to 2006-2009 and moved to Disney XD.

text: In July 2009, Disney XD acquired the rights to the series, though it was quickly moved from prime time to late night airings, and only episodes from Seasons 1 to 3 are aired, mainly because those episodes are more appropriate for young viewers and does not contain as many mature themes, sexual content and strong language as later episodes. But in August 2010, Disney XD stopped airing the show.

text: ABC Family (now called Freeform) acquired the series in September 2008, though airing all 148 episodes; originally airing exclusively on Saturday nights, the series was added to ABC Family's weekday line up in late 2009. On September 29, 2014, Disney/ABC rights to the show expired. Viacom Media Networks got the series back.

text: In October 2014, Viacom Media Networks also gave the series to BET, it also will air on Centric. It was previously aired on MTV's retro block. Also, the series reruns on VH1. On November 2, 2015, the series started airing on the Family Channel in Canada. On January 1, 2017, the series was added to Netflix in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

text: In 2014, Fresh Prince Of Bel Air started airing again in Nickelodeon`s block night channel, Nick at Nite. In 2017, the series began from the beginning on the 5* channel in the UK.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
U.S. ratings
Network
Rank

1
1990–91
13.1 million
NBC
#39

2
1991–92
14.3 million
NBC
#22

3
1992–93
14.6 million
NBC
#18

4
1993–94
13.7 million
NBC
#21

5
1994–95
10.4 million
NBC
#49

6
1995–96
9.6 million
NBC
#55

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Warner Home Video has released the complete series, seasons 1 to 6 on DVD in Region 1.[8] Seasons 1 to 4 have been released in Regions 2 and 4. Seasons 5 to 6 have been released in Region 2 in Germany, and in the complete series boxset in the United Kingdom. The episodes and DVD menus are in English; only the DVD packaging is in German.

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

The Complete First Season
25
February 8, 2005[9]
February 21, 2005[10]
April 13, 2005[11]

The Complete Second Season
24
October 11, 2005[12]
November 21, 2005[13]
March 1, 2006[14]

The Complete Third Season
24
February 14, 2006[15]
June 26, 2006[16]
August 9, 2006[17]

The Complete Fourth Season
26
August 8, 2006[18]
January 22, 2007[19]
December 6, 2006[20]

The Complete Fifth Season
25
May 11, 2010[21]
June 18, 2010
TBA

The Complete Sixth Season
24
April 19, 2011
May 6, 2011
TBA

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards
Outcome
Recipient(s)
Year

ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards:

Top TV Series
Won
Quincy Jones
Will Smith
DJ Jazzy Jeff
1994

Emmy Awards:

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction for a Comedy Series
Nominated
Art Busch
1996

Golden Globe Awards:

Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical
Nominated
Will Smith
1994

Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical
Nominated[22]
Will Smith
1993

Image Award:

Outstanding Comedy Series
Nominated

1997

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Won
Alfonso Ribeiro
1996

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Will Smith
1997

Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress
Won
Tatyana M. Ali
1997

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Janet Hubert-Whitten
1991

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Nia Long
1996

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Daphne Maxwell Reid
1996

Kids' Choice Awards:

Favorite Television Actor
Nominated
Will Smith
1996

Favorite Television Show
Nominated

1996

Favorite TV Actress
Won
Tatyana M. Ali
1996

NCLR Bravo Awards:

Outstanding Television Series Actor in a Crossover Role
Nominated
Alfonso Ribeiro
1996

TP de Oro:

Best Foreign Series (Mejor Serie Extranjera)
Nominated

1996

Best Foreign Series (Mejor Serie Extranjera)
Won

1994

TV Land Awards:

Best Broadcast Butler
Nominated
Joseph Marcell
2004

Favorite "Fish Out of Water"
Nominated
Will Smith
2004

Young Artist Awards:

Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten – Television
Won
Ross Bagley
1996

Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten in a TV Series
Won
Ross Bagley
1995

Best Youth Comedienne
Nominated
Tatyana M. Ali
1994

Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Television Series
Nominated
Larenz Tate
1993

Best Young Actor Guest Starring or Recurring Role in a TV Series
Nominated
Tevin Campbell
1992

Best New Family Television Comedy Series
Won

1991

YoungStar Award:

Best Performance by a Young Actress in a Comedy TV Series
Won
Tatyana M. Ali
1997

text: Possible reboot[edit]

text: On August 13, 2015, it was reported that a reboot of the show was in development by Overbrook Entertainment, with Will Smith serving as a producer.[23][24] While the original aired on NBC, a network for the reboot has yet to be determined.[25] In August 2016, during a promotional interview with the E! television network, for his then upcoming film Suicide Squad, Smith had denied that a reboot was in development, saying that it would happen "...pretty close to when Hell freezes over."[26]


document_title: List of places on land with elevations below sea level

question_text: where is the lowest elevation in the world

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Afar Depression

Lake Assal, Djibouti, [−153 m (−502 ft)] lowest land in Africa
Danakil Depression, Ethiopia, [−125 m (−410 ft)]

Qattara Depression, Egypt, [−133 m (−436 ft)]
Sebkha Tah, Western Sahara, in the Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra region [−55 m (−180 ft)]
Sabkhat Ghuzayyil, Libya [−47 m (−154 ft)]
Chott Melrhir, Algeria, [−40 m (−131 ft)]
Shatt al Gharsah, Tunisia, [−17 m (−56 ft)]
Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha, Mauritania, [−5 m (−16 ft)]

text: Antarctica[edit]

text: Deep Lake, Vestfold Hills, [−50 m (−164 ft)]

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Jordan valley, Israel – West Bank – Jordan

Dead Sea, Jordan – West Bank – Israel [−423 m (−1,388 ft)], lowest land in Asia and the world 31°30′N 35°30′E / 31.500°N 35.500°E / 31.500; 35.500
Jericho, West Bank [−258 m (−846 ft)], lowest city in the world 31°51′N 35°28′E / 31.85°N 35.46°E / 31.85; 35.46
Bet She'an, Israel (between Tiberias and Jericho) [−122 m (−400 ft)] 32°30′N 35°30′E / 32.50°N 35.50°E / 32.50; 35.50
Sea of Galilee, Israel [−214 m (−702 ft)] 32°48′N 35°36′E / 32.80°N 35.60°E / 32.80; 35.60
Tiberias, Israel [−207 m (−679 ft)] 32°47′48″N 35°32′09″E / 32.7966°N 35.535717°E / 32.7966; 35.535717

Turfan Depression, China [−154 m (−505 ft)]
Caspian Basin

Caspian Depression, Karagiye, Kazakhstan [−138 m (−453 ft)]
Caspian Sea and its shores, Russia – Kazakhstan – Azerbaijan – Iran – Turkmenistan [−28 m (−92 ft)]

Kuttanad, India [−2 m (−7 ft)]
Hachirogata, Japan [−4 m (−13 ft)]

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Caspian Depression

Caspian Sea and its shores, Azerbaijan, Russia, and Kazakhstan [−28 m (−92 ft)]
Baku, Azerbaijan [−28 m (−92 ft)], lowest lying national capital in the world
Atyrau Airport, Kazakhstan [−22 m (−72 ft)] – lowest international airport

Netherlands, coastal provinces [(−1 to −7 m) (−3 to −23 ft)]

Zuidplaspolder [−7 m (−23 ft)]
Haarlemmermeer [−5 m (−16 ft)]

Amsterdam Schiphol Airport [−4 m (−13 ft)]

Wieringermeer [−4 m (−13 ft)]
Flevoland [−4 m (−13 ft)]
Amsterdam [−2 m (−7 ft)]

Belgium, parts of West Flanders [−3 m (−10 ft)]
Lammefjord, Denmark [−7 m (−23 ft)]
The Fens, United Kingdom [−2.75 m (−9 ft)]
Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, Germany [−4 m (−13 ft)]
Le Contane, Jolanda di Savoia, Italy [−3.44 m (−11.3 ft)]
North Slob, County Wexford, Ireland [−3 m (−10 ft)]
Camargue, France [−2 m (−7 ft)]
Kristianstad, Sweden [−2 m (−7 ft)]
Żuławy Wiślane, Poland, Baltic delta of the Vistula River [−2 m (−7 ft)]

text: North America[edit]

text:
Death Valley

Badwater Basin, California, United States [−85 m (−279 ft)] lowest point in North America

Salton Sink, United States [−66 m (−217 ft)]

Bombay Beach, California, United States [−69 m (−226 ft)]
Salton Sea Beach, California, United States [−67 m (−220 ft)]
Desert Shores, California, United States [−61 m (−200 ft)]
Calipatria, California, United States [−56 m (−184 ft)]
Westmorland, California, United States [−48 m (−157 ft)]
Niland, California, United States [−43 m (−141 ft)]
Salton City, California, United States [−38 m (−125 ft)]
Brawley, California, United States [−37 m (−121 ft)]
Thermal, California, United States [−37 m (−121 ft)]
Coachella, California, United States [−22 m (−72 ft)]
Imperial, California, United States [−18 m (−59 ft)]
Seeley, California, United States [−13 m (−43 ft)]
El Centro, California, United States [−12 m (−39 ft)]
Indio, California, United States [−6 m (−20 ft)]
Heber, California, United States [−5 m (−16 ft)]
Holtville, California, United States [−3 m (−10 ft)]

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States [−2 m (−7 ft)]
Laguna Salada, Baja California, Mexico [−10 m (−33 ft)]
Lake Enriquillo, Dominican Republic [−46 m (−151 ft)], lowest place on an island country.

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Lake Eyre, Australia, −16 m (−52 ft), lowest land in Australia
Lake Frome, Australia, −6 m (−20 ft)
Lake Blanche, Australia, ?
Taieri Plain, New Zealand, −2 m (−7 ft)

text: South America[edit]

text:
Laguna del Carbón, Argentina [−105 m (−344 ft)] lowest land in the Americas
Bajo del Gualicho, Río Negro province, Argentina [−72 m (−236 ft)]
Salina Grande and Salina Chica, Valdés Peninsula, Chubut Province, Argentina [−42 m (−138 ft)]
Laguna La Niña, Sechura Desert, Piura Region, Peru [−34 m (−112 ft)]
Georgetown, Guyana [−2 m (−7 ft)]

text: Historic and ice-covered areas[edit]

text: Deeper and larger than any of the trenches in the list above is the Bentley Subglacial Trench in Antarctica, at a depth of 2,540 m (8,330 ft). It is subglacial, meaning that it is permanently covered by the largest ice cap in the world. Therefore, it is not included in any list on the page. If the ice melted it would be covered by sea.

text: The biggest dry land area below sea level that has been known to exist in the geological past, as measured by continuous volume of atmospheric air below sea level, was the dry bed of the Mediterranean Sea in the late Miocene period during the Messinian salinity crisis.