document_title: Anne (TV series)

question_text: who plays moody in anne with an e

question_tokens: who plays moody in anne with an e

text: Anne (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: In the late 19th century, brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in their old age, decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables, on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea, on Prince Edward Island. When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station, he finds not a boy, but a high-spirited and talkative girl, Anne Shirley. At first, the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back, particularly after Marilla's brooch goes missing, and Anne, in despair, runs away. The family reconciles and Anne settles in her new home. Upon starting school, Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong, which they often do. Slowly, her ebullient nature wins over those around her.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Amybeth McNulty as Anne Shirley[10]
Geraldine James as Marilla Cuthbert[10]
R. H. Thomson as Matthew Cuthbert[10]
Dalila Bela as Diana Barry[11]
Lucas Jade Zumann as Gilbert Blythe[12]
Aymeric Jett Montaz as Jerry Baynard[11]
Corrine Koslo as Rachel Lynde[11]
Dalmar Abuzeid as Sebastian "Bash" Lacroix (season 2)[13]
Cory Grüter-Andrew as Cole Mackenzie (season 2)[13]

text: Others[edit]

text:
Jonathan Holmes as Mr. William Barry
Dalmar Abuzeid as Sebastian Lacroix
Helen Johns as Mrs. Eliza Barry
Ryan Kiera Armstrong as Minnie May Barry
Deborah Grover as Josephine Barry
Wayne Best as John Blythe
Phillip Williams as Thomas Lynde
David Ingram as Mr. Harmon Andrews
Janet Porter as Mrs. Andrews
Christian Martyn as Billy Andrews
Lia Pappas-Kemps as Jane Andrews
Ella Jonas Farlinger as Prissy Andrews
Jim Annan as Mr. Gillis
Fiona Byrne as Mrs. Gillis
Kyla Matthews as Ruby Gillis
Jacob Ursomarzo as Moody Spurgeon
Stephen Tracey as Mr. Phillips
Miranda McKeon as Josie Pye
Glenna Walters as Tillie Boulter
Katelyn Wells as Mary Joe
Jacob Horsley as Charlie Sloane
Joanna Douglas as Miss Muriel Stacy
Trenna Keating as Mrs. Pye

text: Production[edit]

text: According to executive producer Miranda de Pencier, this adaptation of the novel has a different look and feel to past productions, aiming for a "documentary level of realism", as reflected in the extraordinary detail which has gone into the design of sets and costumes.[14]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Besides the show itself having a larger number of female characters than male, women serving as executive producer and showrunner, the series has several female directors.[15] For the second season, showrunner and scriptwriter Moira Walley-Beckett is joined by a team of women writers.[16]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Approximately 1800 girls on three continents auditioned for the role of Anne Shirley. Amybeth McNulty was chosen for her ability to deliver dialogue which is "incredibly thick and dynamic and beautiful", according to Miranda de Pencier. Walley-Beckett describes her as at once "luminous," transparent, smart, soulful and emotional.[15]

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The series is filmed partially in Prince Edward Island as well as locations in Southern Ontario (including Millbrook[17] and Caledon).[18]

text: Music[edit]

text: The opening theme is the song "Ahead by a Century" performed and originally composed by Canadian band The Tragically Hip.[15]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Moira Walley-Beckett had this to say about her treatment, which is darker than the previous productions: "In this day and age, themes of identity, prejudice, bullying, being an outsider, searching for a way to be accepted and how to belong are entirely topical and super relevant, and those are themes that are built into the story of 'Anne.'" She went on to call Anne Shirley an "accidental feminist", and how she "really wanted to tell this story now."[15] For the second season, according to what she called her "master plan", Walley-Beckett introduced an entirely new character of her own, Bash,[13] to reflect the racial diversity present in and around Charlottetown at the time of the novel, with a view to representing a community absent from previous adaptations, achieving this by having Gilbert travel on a steamship and meet with the new character in Trinidad: "Bash is the vehicle to explore intolerance and inequality, even more when he goes to The Bog, when he learns that other black people live there."[19] Walley-Beckett explains: "The Bog is the community that's just outside of Charlottetown, where people of color were marginalized and had their own community there."

text: Broadcast and release[edit]

text: The series initially premiered on March 19, 2017, on CBC and aired on a weekly basis, the season finale airing on April 30, 2017.

text: The series debuted on Netflix on May 12, 2017, under the title Anne with an E.[20][21]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series Overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired17March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)210July 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)July 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateCan. viewers(millions)11"Your Will Shall Decide Your Destiny"Niki CaroMoira Walley-BeckettMarch 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)0.999[22]
When a miscommunication brings a girl, Anne Shirley, to Green Gables instead of a boy, Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert are faced with a life-changing decision.
22"I Am No Bird, and No Net Ensnares Me"Helen ShaverMoira Walley-BeckettMarch 26, 2017 (2017-03-26)0.780[23]
Hoping all is not lost, Matthew races to catch up with Anne while Marilla anxiously hopes and waits for their return to Green Gables.
33"But What Is So Headstrong as Youth?"Sandra GoldbacherMoira Walley-BeckettApril 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)0.994[24]
Anne is excited to begin school and make friends, but is unprepared for the bullying that occurs when she doesn't fit in. Marilla too, is testing new waters as she accepts an invitation to join a "Progressive Mothers" group.
44"An Inward Treasure is Born"David EvansMoira Walley-BeckettApril 9, 2017 (2017-04-09)0.654[25]
Anne is faced with the decision of whether or not to return to school. But a fire at the Gillis house and Anne's generous actions help her in her choice.
55"Tightly Knotted to a Similar String"Patricia RozemaMoira Walley-BeckettApril 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)N/A
Anne must deal with the inevitability of womanhood when she gets her first period. At the same time, Marilla and Matthew acclimatize to parenthood and revisit moments of their youth through Anne.
66"Remorse Is the Poison of Life"Paul FoxMoira Walley-BeckettApril 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)0.656[26]
When her little sister Minnie May becomes ill, Diana runs to Anne for help.  Meanwhile, the Blythe farm sees change, as Marilla is reminded of what she gave up and Matthew receives some unsettling news.
77"Wherever You Are Is My Home"Amanda TappingMoira Walley-BeckettApril 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)N/A
The Cuthberts vow to do whatever it takes to save the farm which reminds Anne of the strength of friendship and love.

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [7]Can. viewers(millions)81"Youth is the Season of Hope"Helen ShaverMoira Walley-BeckettJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
The Cuthberts' boarders stir excitement with a question: Could there be gold in Avonlea? Elsewhere, Gilbert makes a new friend at sea.
92"Signs are Small Measurable Things, but Interpretations are Illimitable"Paul FoxShernold EdwardsJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
The steamer lands in Trinidad, bringing Bash face to face with his past. The Barrys get behind the gold rush, but Matthew and Marilla aren't so sure.
103"The True Seeing is Within"Ken GirottiKathryn Borel, Jr.July 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
An adventure away with the Barrys teaches Anne to trust her instincts. Marilla begins to suspect that her boarders aren’t as innocent as they seem.
114"The Painful Eagerness of Unfed Hope"Anne WheelerJane MaggsJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
Anne writes letters as an "agent of romance" while Diana trains at home to be a lady. A life-changing encounter steers Gilbert toward his destiny.
125"The Determining Acts of Her Life"Norma BaileyAmanda FaheyJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
A game of spin the bottle prompts burning questions about love and beauty. Anne and Cole bond over their differences as Gilbert makes his way home.
136"I Protest Against Any Absolute Conclusion"Ken GirottiNaledi JacksonJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
Anne faces the world with a shocking new look while the town preps for its annual Christmas pantomime. Gilbert and Bash join the Cuthberts for dinner.
147"Memory Has as Many Moods as The Temper"Anne WheelerJane MaggsJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
Cole accompanies the girls to Aunt Josephine's for a lavish party filled with surprises. Back at home, Marilla's health takes a worrisome turn.
158"Struggling Against the Perception of Facts"Amanda TappingShernold EdwardsJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
With a wedding on the horizon, Anne wonders what kind of bride she'd like to be. Marilla sees an oculist, and Bash meets a friendly face in "The Bog."
169"What We Have Been Makes Us What We Are"Paul FoxMoira Walley-BeckettJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
A brand-new teacher brings unconventional methods -- and a motorbike -- to Avonlea. Gilbert's plan to speed up his studies leaves Bash feeling lost.
1710"The Growing Good of the World"Paul FoxMoira Walley-BeckettJuly 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)N/A
Anne rallies her friends to save Miss Stacy in the wake of a disastrous incident. Bash gets an unexpected gift, and Cole makes a surprising choice.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The first season has achieved a rating of 84% on Rotten Tomatoes, the site's critical consensus stating: "Anne with an E uses its complex central character to offer a boldly stylish, emotionally resonant spin on classic source material that satisfies in its own right."[27] The series has received a rating of 79 on Metacritic based on fifteen reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[28]

text: Emily Ashby, writing for Common Sense Media, calls the series an "exceptional" and "spectacular" interpretation, giving it four out of five stars.[29] Tasha Cerny, contributor for the Tracking Board, praises the cinematography as lush and colourful, the characters vibrant, and the plot "surprisingly thrilling for a story about a young girl living in a small secluded community in the late nineteenth century. I laughed, I cried, and I didn’t expect either from a show about a little girl."[30] Gwen Inhat of The A.V. Club calls the series "at once darker and sweeter than the original" novel, praising the core cast, reserving the highest for the series lead: "Amybeth McNulty defies her youth with a performance that’s less a portrayal of Anne than an absolute possession. It can’t be easy to make Anne’s fanciful language sing the way she does, and McNulty captures the endearing awkwardness that enables Anne to win over everyone she comes in contact with."[31] Writing of the 90-minute premiere episode for the Toronto Star, Johanna Schneller was appreciative of Walley-Beckett's departures from the novel, bringing its subtext to the fore: "Reading between the novel's lines and adding verisimilitude, she gives us quick but potent glimpses of the miseries many orphans faced in 1890s imperialist culture."[32] Hanh Nguyen, reviewing the series for IndieWire, concurs with this assessment, saying: "Rather than ruining the series, they give the context for why Anne would be filled with gratitude for the beauties of nature, basic human decency and having a family to call her own. Montgomery had based much of Anne’s need for escape into imagination on her own lonely childhood, and her stories have always had an underlying poignancy that made them all the sweeter."[33] Jen Chaney, writing for Vulture.com, agrees, saying: "What distinguishes it from other previous Anne iterations is its willingness to harden some of the story’s softness, just enough, to create an element of realism that period pieces, Gables-related or not, can be inclined to avoid."[34] Neil Genzlinger writing for The New York Times, commenting on reports of darkness and grittiness, goes so far as to call the adaptation "richer" than the source material: "Ms. McNulty’s Anne is still wonderfully ebullient and eminently likable; she’s just not the one-dimensional figure of other adaptations".[35]  Annie Hirschlag, writing for Mic, suggests that a genuinely contemporary Anne is bound to reflect the current television landscape and wider culture of its times (the 2010s): "Since today's entertainment is peppered with antiheroes — characters who are far from perfect, even occasionally villainous — it makes sense that Anne's familiar idealism is fringed with darkness and agony."[36]

text: Some reviewers were more ambivalent, mainly about Walley-Beckett's changes to the story. Canadian novelist Saleema Nawaz, who reviewed the 90-minute first episode for Toronto Life, said she enjoyed it more than she expected, particularly the set designs and costumes, as well as the performances by McNulty and Thomson, and she approved of the choice of theme song as reflective of the continued relevance of the source material. She was less sure about how far the series intended to stray from that source material, and disapproved of the "manufactured drama, such as Matthew’s wild horse ride".[37] Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Isabella Beidenharn expressed similar feelings, but, "putting the source material aside, it’s a fine show on its own", and she conceded that "inventing a dark side might help Anne With an E fit into today’s TV landscape".[38] Allison Keene, writing for Collider, agrees that Anne is a good drama on its own terms, but allows it is "only a fair adaptation" of the novel, at its best in the home scenes: "Anne with an E is undeniably the most stylish adaptation we’ve ever seen of Anne of Green Gables. But its desire to reveal more of Anne’s miserable past in order to be more true to what the desperation of an orphan is like feels at odds with Montgomery’s story."[39] Writing for Variety, critic Sonia Saraiya is even more ambivalent, describing the series as on the one hand "a brilliant adaptation" which "succeeds admirably", but on the other hand, "the show can’t quite sustain the brilliance, veering first into maudlin territory and then into the oddly saccharine as it tests out its tone", contending that "the show gets a bit bogged down in telling the story of Anne’s dysfunction", presenting "a slightly soapy view of Anne’s trials and tribulations that at times really humanize her and in others, are rather infantilizing".[40]

text: Sarah Larson, writing for The New Yorker, was not at all impressed with changes made to the story, arguing that they alter Anne's character to the point of non-recognition. While she acknowledges that bringing subtext to the fore is a fine idea, she is not pleased with the execution, saying that the result is part "the Anne we know and love" and part "untrustworthy stranger", calling the alteration and addition of scenes a "betrayal" of Montgomery's novel, comparing the treatment unfavourably to Patricia Rozema's 1999 adaptation of Jane Austen's Mansfield Park.[41] For Joanna Robinson, writing for Vanity Fair, a central problem with the show is that it "seems to think that in order for Anne to be a feminist figure, she has to butt up against a straw-man-filled patriarchy," and so it turned many of the male characters into misogynists, most notably the Reverend Allan, who is considered by Anne to be a "kindred spirit" in the book: "Anne with an E seems to think Anne’s triumphs are only noteworthy if she's continually told she can't succeed, when in fact her unfettered brilliance needs no such clumsy opposition. It also seems to think that Anne needs a radical feminist makeover when, in fact, the story of her success was feminist in its own right." This is part of a more general problem Robinson notes, that conflicts are exaggerated and overdone: "this series thrives on non-stop tragedy."[42]


document_title: List of Academy Award records

question_text: who has been nominated for the most academy awards

root

text: List of Academy Award records

text: Most awards[edit]

text:
Most awards won by a single film

Three films have won 11 Academy Awards:

Ben-Hur (1959) – 15 categories available for nomination; nominated for 12
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 14
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 11

Most nominations received by a single film

Three films have received 14 nominations:

All About Eve (1950) – 16 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 11 awards
La La Land (2016) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards

Largest sweep (winning awards in every nominated category)

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) won all 11 categories for which it was nominated: Best Picture, Director, Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing, Art Direction, Makeup, Costume Design, Film Editing, and Visual Effects

Most awards won by an individual

Walt Disney won 22 Oscars.

Most awards won by a woman

Edith Head won eight Oscars, all for Costume Design

Most nominations in a single year / Most awards in a single year

In 1954, Walt Disney won four awards out of six nominations, both records. He won Best Documentary, Features for The Living Desert; Best Documentary, Short Subjects for The Alaskan Eskimo; Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Bear Country. He had two additional nominations in Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Rugged Bear; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Ben and Me.

Most awards won by a person who is still living

Visual Effects Supervisor Dennis Muren has won nine Academy Awards – six competitive awards, two "Special Achievement" awards, and one "Technical Achievement" award

Most competitive awards won by a person who is still living

Composer Alan Menken has won eight competitive Academy Awards

Acting

Katharine Hepburn won four awards, all for Best Actress

Directing

John Ford won the most directing awards, with four

Cinematography

The highest number of Academy Awards won by a cinematographer is four:

Joseph Ruttenberg, in 1938, 1942, 1956, and 1958
Leon Shamroy, in 1942, 1944, 1945, and 1963

Art Direction

Cedric Gibbons, who designed the Oscar statuette, won 11 awards out of a total of 39 nominations.[1]

Makeup

Rick Baker won seven Academy Awards (all for Best Makeup)

Most awards won by a country for Best Foreign Language Film

Italy won 14 awards in this category and received, in total, 32 nominations

Most nominations received by a country for Best Foreign Language Film

France received 40 nominations and won the award 12 times

Most awards won by a foreign-language film

Two foreign-language films have won four Academy Awards:

Fanny and Alexander (1982) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography

Most nominations received by a foreign-language film

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) received ten nominations: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Song, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography

tag: ul

text: Awards for debut acting or directing performances on film[edit]

text: The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut acting performances:

tag: p

text:
Best Actor

None

Best Actress

Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba, 1952)
Julie Andrews (Mary Poppins, 1964)
Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl, 1968)
Marlee Matlin (Children of a Lesser God, 1986)

Best Supporting Actor

Harold Russell (The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946)
Timothy Hutton (Ordinary People, 1980)
Haing S. Ngor (The Killing Fields, 1984)

Best Supporting Actress

Gale Sondergaard (Anthony Adverse, 1936)
Katina Paxinou (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1943)
Mercedes McCambridge (All the King's Men, 1949)
Eva Marie Saint (On the Waterfront, 1954)
Jo Van Fleet (East of Eden, 1955)
Tatum O'Neal (Paper Moon, 1973)
Anna Paquin (The Piano, 1993)
Jennifer Hudson (Dreamgirls, 2006)
Lupita Nyong'o (12 Years a Slave, 2013) [2][3][4]

Academy Juvenile Award

Claude Jarman Jr. (The Yearling, 1946)
Vincent Winter (The Little Kidnappers, 1954) [2][3][5]

text: The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut direction.

text:
Best Director

Delbert Mann (Marty, 1955)
Jerome Robbins (West Side Story, 1961)
Robert Redford (Ordinary People, 1980)
James L. Brooks (Terms of Endearment, 1983)
Kevin Costner (Dances with Wolves, 1990)
Sam Mendes (American Beauty, 1999) [2][3][6]

text: Big Five winners[edit]

text: Three films have received the Big Five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay (Original or Adapted).[7][8][9]

text:
It Happened One Night (1934)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)

text: Most consecutive awards[edit]

text:
Any awards

Walt Disney was awarded a record of 10 awards in the eight consecutive years from 1931/32 through 1939. Eight (listed below) are for Short Subject (Cartoon), and two were Special Awards: one for the creation of Mickey Mouse, and one recognizing the innovation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Best Actress

Two actresses have won two consecutive awards:

Luise Rainer (The Great Ziegfeld, 1936 and The Good Earth, 1937)
Katharine Hepburn (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, 1967 and The Lion in Winter, 1968)

Best Actor

Two actors have won two consecutive awards:

Spencer Tracy – Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)
Tom Hanks – Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994) [7][10]

Best Director

Three directors have won two consecutive awards:

John Ford – The Grapes of Wrath (1940) and How Green Was My Valley (1941)
Joseph L. Mankiewicz – A Letter to Three Wives (1949) and All About Eve (1950) [7][11]
Alejandro G. Iñárritu – Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) and The Revenant (2015)

Best Supporting Actor

Jason Robards won two consecutive awards for All the President's Men in 1976 and Julia in 1977[12][13]

Best Supporting Actress

No consecutive winner for Best Supporting Actress

Best Picture

David O. Selznick produced two consecutive Best Picture winners Gone with the Wind in 1939 and Rebecca in 1940. (He himself was not awarded the Oscars as at the time the statuette went to the studio instead of the producer.)

Best Original Screenplay

No consecutive winner for Best Original Screenplay

Best Adapted Screenplay

Joseph L. Mankiewicz won two consecutive adapted screenplay awards for A Letter to Three Wives in 1949 and All About Eve in 1950
Robert Bolt won for Doctor Zhivago in 1965 and A Man for All Seasons in 1966

Best Cinematography

Emmanuel Lubezki has won three consecutive awards for Gravity in 2013, Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) in 2014 and The Revenant in 2015

Best Art Direction

Thomas Little won three consecutive awards for Best Art Direction, Black and White, for the films How Green Was My Valley in 1941, This Above All in 1942, and The Song of Bernadette in 1943. Little also won an Oscar the next year in 1944 for Best Art Direction, Color for the film Wilson.

Best Film Editing

Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter won for The Social Network in 2010 and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in 2011

Best Original Score

Roger Edens won three consecutive awards for composing the scores for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949), and Annie Get Your Gun (1950)

Best Original Song

Three composers have won two consecutive awards for best original song, but under different award names:

Henry Mancini (music) and Johnny Mercer (lyrics) shared the awards for Best Music (Song) for "Moon River" from Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961 and "Days of Wine and Roses" from Days of Wine and Roses in 1962
Alan Menken (music) won twice consecutively for Best Music (Original Song) for "Beauty and the Beast" from Beauty and the Beast (lyrics by Howard Ashman) in 1991 and "A Whole New World" from Aladdin (lyrics by Tim Rice) in 1992

Best Visual Effects

Jim Rygiel and Randall William Cook won 3 consecutive visual effects Oscars for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2001, 2002, and 2003 respectively.

Best Sound Mixing

Thomas Moulton won three consecutive awards for The Snake Pit in 1948, Twelve O'Clock High in 1949, and All About Eve in 1950.

Best Costume Design

Edith Head won three consecutive awards for The Heiress in 1949, All About Eve in 1950, and A Place in the Sun in 1951.

Best Short Subject (Cartoon)

Walt Disney won eight consecutive awards for Flowers and Trees in 1931/32, Three Little Pigs in 1932/33, The Tortoise and the Hare in 1934, Three Orphan Kittens in 1935, The Country Cousin in 1936, The Old Mill in 1937, Ferdinand the Bull in 1938, and The Ugly Duckling in 1939

Best Short Subject (Two-Reel)

Walt Disney won four consecutive awards for In Beaver Valley in 1950, Nature's Half Acre in 1951, Water Birds in 1952, and Bear Country in 1953

Best Documentary (Feature)

Walt Disney won two consecutive awards for The Living Desert in 1953 and The Vanishing Prairie in 1954

text: Academy Award firsts[edit]

text:
First woman to win Best Picture

Julia Phillips for The Sting (1973)

First woman to win Best Director

Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2009)

First woman to win Best Animated Feature

Brenda Chapman for Brave (2012)

First woman to receive an Honorary Award

6 year old Shirley Temple received a Special Award in 1934
Greta Garbo received an Honorary Award in 1954

First foreign-language film to be nominated for Best Picture

Grand Illusion (1937), in French

First science fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture

A Clockwork Orange (1971)

First horror film to be nominated for Best Picture

The Exorcist (1973)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Picture

Beauty and the Beast (1991)

First fantasy film to win Best Picture

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

First 3-D films to be nominated for Best Picture

Avatar and Up (2009)

First film with an entirely non-white cast to win Best Picture

Slumdog Millionaire (2008)

First film with an all-black cast to win Best Picture

Moonlight (2016)

First science-fiction film to win Best Picture

The Shape of Water (2017)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Foreign Language Film

Waltz with Bashir (2008), representing Israel

First animated film to be nominated for Best Original Screenplay and for a Best Screenplay award in general

Toy Story (1995)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay

Shrek (2001)

First actress to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film

Sandra Bullock for Gravity (2013)

First actor to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film

Matt Damon for The Martian (2015)

First film to receive the most nominations of its year without receiving a Best Picture nomination

Dreamgirls (2006), with eight nominations

First X-rated film to win Best Picture

Midnight Cowboy (1969). It was also the first X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture and the only one to date to have won it.

First actor to receive ten nominations for acting

Laurence Olivier received his tenth nomination (for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor) for the film The Boys from Brazil (1978)

First actress to receive ten nominations for acting

Bette Davis received her tenth official nomination (all for Best Actress) for the film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)

First actress to receive twenty nominations for acting

Meryl Streep received her twentieth nomination (for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress) for the film Florence Foster Jenkins (2016)

First posthumous nomination for acting

Jeanne Eagels, nominated for Best Actress for The Letter (1929)

First posthumous nomination for a male actor

James Dean, nominated for Best Actor for East of Eden (1955)

First posthumous win for acting

Peter Finch won Best Actor for Network (1976)

First actress to be nominated for performing in a language other than English

Melina Mercouri was nominated for Best Actress for Never on Sunday (1960), performing in Greek

First actor to be nominated for performing in a language other than English

Marcello Mastroianni was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962), performing in Italian

First actress to win for performing in a language other than English

Sophia Loren won Best Actress for Two Women (1961), performing in Italian

First actor to win for performing in a language other than English

Robert De Niro won Best Supporting Actor for The Godfather Part II (1974), performing in Italian

First actress to win for performing in a sign language

Marlee Matlin won Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God (1986), performing in American Sign Language

First French actress to be nominated for performing in the French language

Anouk Aimée was nominated for Best Actress for A Man and a Woman (1966)

First French actress to win for performing in the French language

Marion Cotillard won Best Actress for La Vie en rose (2007). She's the only one to date to have won it.

First Nordic actress to be nominated for acting

Greta Garbo (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actress for Anna Christie (1930)

First Nordic actor to be nominated for acting

Max von Sydow (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actor for Pelle the Conqueror (1988)

First Nordic actress to win for acting

Ingrid Bergman (from Sweden) won Best Actress for Gaslight (1944)

First actor from Africa to be nominated for acting

Basil Rathbone (from South Africa), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Romeo and Juliet (1936)

First actress from Africa to win for acting

Charlize Theron (from South Africa), won Best Actress for Monster (2003)

First actress from Asia to win for acting

Miyoshi Umeki (from Japan), won Best Supporting Actress for Sayonara (1957)

First Asian (and non-Caucasian) to win Best Director

Ang Lee (from Taiwan) for Brokeback Mountain (2005)

First Australian actress to win Best Actress

Nicole Kidman for The Hours (2002) – Born in the U.S.

First Australian actor to win Best Actor

Peter Finch for Network (1976)

First French actress to win Best Actress

Claudette Colbert for It Happened One Night (1934)

First French actor to win Best Actor

Jean Dujardin for The Artist (2011)

First Italian actress to win Best Actress

Anna Magnani for The Rose Tattoo (1955)

First Italian actor to win Best Actor

Roberto Benigni for Life Is Beautiful (1998)

First German actress to win Best Actress

Luise Rainer for The Great Ziegfeld (1937)

First German actor to win Best Actor

Emil Jannings (born in Switzerland) for The Way of All Flesh (1927) and The Last Command (1928)

First Austrian actor to win twice for acting

Christoph Waltz won Best Supporting Actor for Inglorious Basterds (2009) and Django Unchained (2012)

First persons from India to win in any music category

A. R. Rahman won Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
Gulzar also won Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)

First Middle Eastern/North African actor to be nominated for acting

Omar Sharif, nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Lawrence of Arabia (1962)

First Middle Eastern movie to win Best Foreign Language Film

A Separation (2011), representing Iran

First foreign actress to be nominated twice for Best Actress for foreign-language films without the films receiving a Best Foreign Language Film nomination

Marion Cotillard (from France) won Best Actress for La Vie en Rose (2007) and was nominated for Two Days, One Night (2014)

First black filmmaker to win Best Picture

Steve McQueen won for producing 12 Years a Slave (2013)

First black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director

John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood (1991)

First black actress to win for acting

Hattie McDaniel won Best Supporting Actress for Gone with the Wind (1939)

First black actor to win for acting

Sidney Poitier won Best Actor for Lilies of the Field (1963)

First black actress to win Best Actress

Halle Berry for Monster's Ball (2001)

First black actress to win for film acting debut

Jennifer Hudson won Best Supporting Actress for Dreamgirls (2006)

First year in which two black actors/actresses won for acting

74th Academy Awards (in 2002, for 2001): Denzel Washington won Best Actor for Training Day; Halle Berry won Best Actress for Monster's Ball

First black African actor to be nominated for acting

Djimon Hounsou (born in Benin, U.S.-Benin dual citizen), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for In America (2003)

First black writer to win for screenwriting

Geoffrey S. Fletcher won Best Adapted Screenplay for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire (2009)

First African American to receive an Honorary Award

James Baskett received a Special Award for his portrayal of Uncle Remus in Song of the South (1946)

First Latin American director to win Best Director

Alfonso Cuarón from Mexico won for Gravity in 2014

First Latin American actress to be nominated for Best Actress

Fernanda Montenegro from Brazil was nominated for Best Actress for Central Station (1998)

First Latin American actor to win Best Actor

José Ferrer from Puerto Rico won for Cyrano de Bergerac in 1950

First Muslim actor to win in an acting category

Mahershala Ali for Moonlight in 2016

First child actor to receive an Academy Award nomination [14]

Jackie Cooper, age 9, was nominated for Best Actor for Skippy (1931)

First short film to win an Academy Award outside of the Short Film categories

The Red Balloon (1956) for Best Original Screenplay

First professional athlete to win an Academy Award

Kobe Bryant for Best Animated Short Film, Dear Basketball (2017)

text: Age-related records[edit]

text:
Youngest winner of an acting award

Tatum O'Neal, age 10 (Best Supporting Actress, Paper Moon, 1973)

Youngest nominee for an acting award

Justin Henry, age 8 (Best Supporting Actor, Kramer vs. Kramer, 1979)

Youngest female winner of a lead acting award

Marlee Matlin, age 21 (Best Actress, Children of a Lesser God, 1986)

Youngest male winner of a lead acting award

Adrien Brody, age 29 (Best Actor, The Pianist, 2002)

Youngest male nominee for a lead acting award

Jackie Cooper, age 9 (Best Actor, Skippy, 1931)

Youngest female nominee for a lead acting award

Quvenzhané Wallis, age 9 (Best Actress, Beasts of the Southern Wild, 2012) [15][16] (also first person born in the 21st century to be nominated for an Academy Award)

Youngest winner of an Oscar

Shirley Temple, age 6, who was awarded the inaugural (now retired) non-competitive Academy Juvenile Award in 1934

Youngest winner of Best Director

Damien Chazelle, age 32 (La La Land, 2016)

Youngest nominee for Best Director

John Singleton, age 24 (Boyz n the Hood, 1991)

Oldest winner of Best Director

Clint Eastwood, age 74 (Million Dollar Baby, 2004)

Oldest nominee for Best Director

John Huston, age 79 (Prizzi's Honor, 1985)

Oldest winner of an acting award

Christopher Plummer, age 82 (Best Supporting Actor, Beginners, 2011)

Oldest woman to win best Actress Award

Jessica Tandy, age 80 (Best Actress, Driving Miss Daisy, 1989)

Oldest man to win Best Actor Award

Henry Fonda, age 76 (Best Actor, On Golden Pond, 1981)

Oldest nominee for an acting award

Christopher Plummer, age 88 (Best Supporting Actor, All the Money in the World, 2017)

Oldest nominee for a lead acting award

Emmanuelle Riva, age 85 (Best Actress, Amour, 2012) [15][16]

Oldest competitive Oscar winner

James Ivory, age 89 (Best Adapted Screenplay, Call Me by Your Name, 2017).

Oldest competitive Oscar nominee

Agnès Varda, age 89 (Best Documentary, Faces Places, 2017)

Earliest-born Oscar winner by birth year

George Arliss, born 10 April 1868 (Academy Award for Best Actor, Disraeli, 1929)

Earliest-born Oscar nominee by birth year

May Robson, born 19 April 1858 (Academy Award for Best Actress, Lady for a Day, 1933)

Year where all four Acting winners had the oldest age average

1981 with a combined average age of 70.5 years old[17].

Henry Fonda (aged 77)
John Gielgud (also 77)
Katharine Hepburn (72)
Maureen Stapleton (56)

Year where all four Acting winners had the youngest age average

1980 with a combined average age of 29 years old.

Sissy Spacek (aged 31)
Robert De Niro (37)
Timothy Hutton (20)
Mary Steenburgen (28)

Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actor or best supporting actor)

text:
Nomination
Name
Age
Film
Year
Date of Birth
Date of Nomination

2nd
Mineo, SalSal Mineo
7003805300000000000♠22 years, 17 days
Exodus
1960
000000001939-01-10-0000January 10, 1939
000000001961-01-27-0000January 27, 1961

3rd
Brando, MarlonMarlon Brando
7004109100000000000♠29 years, 318 days
Julius Caesar
1953
000000001924-04-03-0000April 3, 1924
000000001954-02-15-0000February 15, 1954

4th
Marlon Brando
7004112720000000000♠30 years, 315 days
On the Waterfront
1954
000000001924-04-03-0000April 3, 1924
000000001955-02-12-0000February 12, 1955

5th
Marlon Brando
7004123740000000000♠33 years, 321 days
Sayonara
1957
000000001924-04-03-0000April 3, 1924
000000001958-02-18-0000February 18, 1958

6th
Burton, RichardRichard Burton
7004161690000000000♠44 years, 98 days
Anne of the Thousand Days
1969
000000001925-11-10-0000November 10, 1925
000000001970-02-16-0000February 16, 1970

7th
Nicholson, JackJack Nicholson
7004171010000000000♠46 years, 300 days
Terms of Endearment
1983
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001984-02-16-0000February 16, 1984

8th
Jack Nicholson
7004178210000000000♠48 years, 289 days
Prizzi's Honor
1985
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001986-02-05-0000February 5, 1986

9th
Jack Nicholson
7004185630000000000♠50 years, 301 days
Ironweed
1987
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001988-02-17-0000February 17, 1988

10th
Jack Nicholson
7004203910000000000♠55 years, 302 days
A Few Good Men
1992
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001993-02-18-0000February 18, 1993

tag: table

text: Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actress or best supporting actress)

text:
Nomination
Name
Age
Film
Year
Date of Birth
Date of Nomination

2nd
Lansbury, AngelaAngela Lansbury
7003740800000000000♠20 years, 103 days
The Picture of Dorian Gray
1945
000000001925-10-16-0000October 16, 1925
000000001946-01-27-0000January 27, 1946

3rd
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
7003855500000000000♠23 years, 154 days
American Hustle
2013
000000001990-08-15-0000August 15, 1990
000000002014-01-16-0000January 16, 2014

4th
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
7003928300000000000♠25 years, 152 days
Joy
2015
000000001990-08-15-0000August 15, 1990
000000002016-01-14-0000January 14, 2016

5th
Winslet, KateKate Winslet
7004114330000000000♠31 years, 110 days
Little Children
2006
000000001975-10-05-0000October 5, 1975
000000002007-01-23-0000January 23, 2007

6th
Winslet, KateKate Winslet
7004121630000000000♠33 years, 109 days
The Reader
2008
000000001975-10-05-0000October 5, 1975
000000002009-01-22-0000January 22, 2009

7th
Davis, BetteBette Davis
7004134530000000000♠36 years, 304 days
Mr. Skeffington
1944
000000001908-04-05-0000April 5, 1908
000000001945-02-03-0000February 3, 1945

8th
Streep, MerylMeryl Streep
7004144830000000000♠39 years, 238 days
A Cry in the Dark
1988
000000001949-06-22-0000June 22, 1949
000000001989-02-15-0000February 15, 1989

9th
Meryl Streep
7004152110000000000♠41 years, 236 days
Postcards from the Edge
1990
000000001949-06-22-0000June 22, 1949
000000001991-02-13-0000February 13, 1991

10th
Meryl Streep
7004170370000000000♠46 years, 236 days
The Bridges of Madison County
1995
000000001949-06-22-0000June 22, 1949
000000001996-02-13-0000February 13, 1996

text: Film records[edit]

text:
Most nominations for a single film

Three films received 14 nominations:

All About Eve (1950)
Titanic (1997)
La La Land (2016)

Most Oscars without winning Best Picture

Cabaret won 8 awards (1972)

Most nominations without winning Best Picture

La La Land (2016) with 14 nominations

Most nominations without any wins

Two films received 11 nominations without winning any awards:

The Turning Point (1977)
The Color Purple (1985)

Most nominations without a Best Picture nomination

They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) with 9 nominations

Most Oscars without a nomination for Best Picture

The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) with 5 wins

Fewest nominations for a Best Picture winner

Grand Hotel (1932) received only the Best Picture nomination.

Nominations in the most different technical categories

Five films have been nominated in all 7 technical categories (Cinematography, Costume Design, Film Editing, Production Design/Art Direction, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and Visual Effects):

Titanic (1997)
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
Hugo (2011)
Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
The Revenant (2015)

Most nominations without a major nomination (Picture, Director, Acting and Screenplay)

These 6 films got 6 nominations with no major nominations:

The Rains Came (1939)
Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) (note: received 7 nominations when you include a "special achievement")
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)

Best picture nominees that won every nomination except Best Picture

These 14 films were nominated for Best Picture and won in every category they were nominated for except Best Picture:

Bad Girl (1931), 2/3
The Private Life of Henry VIII (1932), 1/2
Naughty Marietta (1935), 1/2
The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936), 3/4
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 3/4
Miracle on 34th Street (1947), 3/4
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), 3/4
A Letter to Three Wives (1949), 2/3
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 2/3
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 2/3
Jaws (1975), 3/4
Traffic (2000), 4/5
The Blind Side (2009), 1/2
Selma (2014), 1/2

Films nominated for Best Picture with no other major nominations

These 28 films were nominated for Best Picture but had no other major nominations (this does not include films that were only nominated for Best Picture and nothing else):

Wings (1927), 2 nominations (winner)
42nd Street (1933), 2 nominations
A Farewell to Arms (1933), 4 nominations
Cleopatra (1934), 5 nominations
Flirtation Walk (1934), 2 nominations
The Gay Divorcee (1934), 5 nominations
Imitation of Life (1934), 3 nominations
The White Parade (1934), 2 nominations
David Copperfield (1935), 3 nominations
Les Misérables (1935), 4 nominations
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), 4 nominations (note: really had 2, but 2 more were write in noms)
Naughty Marietta (1935), 2 nominations
Top Hat (1935), 4 nominations
A Tale of Two Cities (1936), 2 nominations
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 4 nominations
Of Mice and Men (1939), 4 nominations
The Wizard of Oz (1939), 6 nominations
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 3 nominations
Decision Before Dawn (1951), 2 nominations
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 3 nominations
The Music Man (1962), 6 nominations
Doctor Dolittle (1967), 9 nominations
Hello, Dolly! (1969), 7 nominations
Jaws (1975), 4 nominations
Beauty and the Beast (1991), 6 nominations
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), 6 nominations
War Horse (2011), 6 nominations
Selma (2014), 2 nominations

Stories made into multiple Best Picture nominees

6 sets of Best Picture nominees share either original source material or were revised versions of the same story (* =winner):

Cleopatra (1934), Cleopatra (1963)
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)*, Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)
Romeo and Juliet (1936), West Side Story (1960)*, Romeo and Juliet (1968). (The plot of another Best Picture winner, Shakespeare in Love, revolves around the original production of Romeo and Juliet)
Les Misérables (1935), Les Misérables (2012)
Pygmalion (1938), My Fair Lady (1964)*
Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), Heaven Can Wait (1978)

First Best Picture produced wholly by non-Americans

Hamlet (1948), United Kingdom

First Best Picture produced wholly by non-Americans or non-British

The Artist (2011), France

Most wins by a film produced wholly or partially by non-Americans

The Last Emperor (1987), Italy/Hong Kong/United Kingdom

Most nominations for a film produced wholly or partially by non-Americans

Two non-American films have received 13 nominations:

Shakespeare in Love (1998), United Kingdom/United States
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), New Zealand/United States

Best Picture with no female speaking roles

Lawrence of Arabia (1962)

text: Acting records[edit]

text:
Most awards for leading actress

Katharine Hepburn with 4 awards (1933, 1967, 1968*, 1981) (*Hepburn tied with Barbra Streisand in 1968.)

Most awards for leading actor

Daniel Day-Lewis with 3 awards (1989, 2007, 2012)

Most awards for supporting actor

Walter Brennan with 3 awards (1936, 1938, 1940)

Most consecutive leading actress nominations

Two actresses have been nominated 5 years in a row:

Bette Davis (1938–1942)
Greer Garson (1941–1945)

Most consecutive leading actor nominations

Marlon Brando with four nominations (1951 to 1954)

Actress with most total nominations for acting

Meryl Streep with 21 nominations

Actor with most total nominations for acting

Jack Nicholson with 12 nominations

Most acting nominations without an award

Peter O'Toole with 8 nominations (He received an Honorary Award in 2002)

Most nominations for an actor performing in a foreign language

Marcello Mastroianni with 3 nominations. He was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962); A Special Day (1977) and Dark Eyes (1987), performing in Italian

Longest gap between first and second award

Helen Hayes won in 1932 for The Sin of Madelon Claudet and in 1971 for Airport, a 39-year gap

Longest time span between first and last nomination and between first and last award

Katharine Hepburn: 48 years from Morning Glory (1933, in the 1932/33 awards) until On Golden Pond (1981)

Most acting nominations before first award

Both Geraldine Page and Al Pacino won on their 8th nomination

Most posthumous nominations

James Dean with 2 (1955 for East of Eden and 1956 for Giant)

Shortest performance to win an acting Oscar

Beatrice Straight in Network (1976) – 5 minutes and 2 seconds

Shortest performance to win a lead acting Oscar

Patricia Neal in Hud (1963) – 21 minutes and 51 seconds [18]

Shortest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar

Hermione Baddeley in Room at the Top (1959) – 2 minutes and 19 seconds

Shortest performance to be nominated for a lead acting Oscar

Spencer Tracy in San Francisco (1936) – 14 minutes and 58 seconds

Longest performance to win an acting Oscar

Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds

Longest performance to win a supporting acting Oscar

Tatum O'Neal in Paper Moon (1973) – 1 hour, 6 minutes and 58 seconds

Longest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar

Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds

Longest performance to be nominated for a supporting acting Oscar

Frank Finlay in Othello (1965) – 1 hour, 30 minutes and 43 seconds

Most awards by an African American actor

Denzel Washington with 2, winning Best Supporting Actor for Glory (1989) and Best Actor for Training Day (2001)

Most awards for one acting performance

Harold Russell played Homer Parish in The Best Years of Our Lives in 1946. For this role he received 2 Oscars, one for Best Supporting and an honorary award for being an inspiration to all returning veterans.

Most nominations for one acting performance

Barry Fitzgerald was nominated as Best Actor and won for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Father Fitzgibbon in 1944's Going My Way

Years where all four Acting winners were born outside the United States

1964

Best Actor - Rex Harrison for My Fair Lady, United Kingdom
Best Actress - Julie Andrews for Mary Poppins, United Kingdom
Best Supporting Actor - Peter Ustinov for Topkapi, United Kingdom
Best Supporting Actress - Lila Kedrova for Zorba the Greek, Russia

2007

Best Actor - Daniel Day-Lewis for There Will Be Blood, United Kingdom
Best Actress - Marion Cotillard for La Vie en Rose, France
Best Supporting Actor - Javier Bardem for No Country for Old Men, Spain
Best Supporting Actress - Tilda Swinton for Michael Clayton, United Kingdom

text: Miscellaneous records[edit]

text:
Most nominations in different decades Six decades – John Williams, Elmer Bernstein[citation needed]
Only people to win both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar

George Bernard Shaw: Won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, and an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938 for the film Pygmalion
Bob Dylan: Won an Oscar for Best Original Song for the song "Things Have Changed" from Wonder Boys in 2000, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.

Only person to win both an Olympic medal and an Oscar

Kobe Bryant: Won gold medals in Basketball in 2008 and 2012, and an Oscar for Best Animated Short Film in 2018 for the film Dear Basketball

Only woman to win Best Actress and Best Original Song

Barbra Streisand: Best Actress (joint) for Funny Girl (1968); Best Original Song for the Love Theme ("Evergreen") from A Star Is Born (1976)

Only person to win an Academy Award for acting and writing

Emma Thompson: Best Actress for Howards End (1992); Best Adapted Screenplay for Sense and Sensibility (1995)

Only person nominated for Acting, Writing, Producing, and Directing the same film

Warren Beatty was nominated in the four categories for Heaven Can Wait (1978), and again for Reds (1981).

Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a real Academy Award winner

Cate Blanchett won Best Supporting Actress for portraying Katharine Hepburn in The Aviator

Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a fictional Academy Award nominee

Maggie Smith won Best Supporting Actress in California Suite

Most total nominations without a win

Greg P. Russell has earned 16 nominations in the Best Sound Mixing category. (This does not include his nomination at the 89th Academy Awards for 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, which was revoked the day before the ceremony.)[19]

Most total nominations before receiving an award

Film composer Victor Young was nominated 21 times without winning. He was often nominated multiple times in one year; twice, four times at the same Oscars. He won posthumously for Around the World in 80 Days, alongside yet another nomination (also posthumous).
Sound re-recording mixer Kevin O'Connell comes in at a close second, with 20 unsuccessful nominations from 1983 until 2016, when he finally won for Hacksaw Ridge.

Most nominations for a person

Walt Disney with 59; followed by composer John Williams with 51; composer Alfred Newman with 43; production designer Cedric Gibbons with 39; costume designer Edith Head with 35; songwriter Sammy Cahn with 26; composer Max Steiner with 25; Woody Allen with 23; composer Victor Young with 22; sound mixer Kevin O'Connell, Billy Wilder and Meryl Streep tied with 21.

Most nominations for a living person

Film composer John Williams with 51

Most nominated woman

Edith Head with 35

Highest "perfect score"

Sound editor Mark Berger has four nominations and four wins

Most nominations for directing

William Wyler with 12 nominations

Most wins for producing

Two producers received 3 awards:

Sam Spiegel
Saul Zaentz

Most nominations for producing

Steven Spielberg with 10 nominations

Most nominations for directing in a single year

Two people have received 2 nominations for Best Director in the same year:

Michael Curtiz for Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters in 1938
Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000

Most Best Picture awards for a film series

The Godfather series with 2 (for The Godfather and The Godfather Part II)

Most nominations and awards for a film series

The Middle-earth series with 17 competitive wins out of 37 nominations (for The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit).

Most nominations for Best Original Screenplay

Woody Allen with 16 nominations and 3 wins

Longest time between the release of a film and winning an Oscar

Limelight (1952) is the only film to have won an award twenty years after its official release. Since it was not released in Los Angeles County until 1972, it was not eligible for any Academy Awards until that time.

Most posthumous award wins

William A. Horning won in 1958 for Best Art Direction for Gigi, and for Best Art Direction for Ben-Hur in 1959

Most posthumous award nominations

Howard Ashman with four

Lowest-grossing film to win Best Picture

Cimarron with $1,380,000

Longest film to win Best Picture

Gone with the Wind, 224 minutes (238 with overture, entr'acte, and exit music)

Longest film to win an award

O.J.: Made in America (2016), 467 minutes (Academy Award for Best Documentary)
The longest fictional film to win an award was War and Peace (1968), 431 minutes (Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film)

Shortest film to win Best Picture

Marty, 90 minutes

Most acting awards for a character

Portrayals of Vito Corleone won:

Best Actor for Marlon Brando in The Godfather
Best Supporting Actor for Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II

Most nominations for a character

3 portrayals of Queen Elizabeth I of England earned nominations for:

Cate Blanchett in Elizabeth and Elizabeth: The Golden Age (Best Actress)
Judi Dench in Shakespeare in Love (winner, Best Supporting Actress)

3 Portrayals of King Henry VIII of England earned nominations for:

Charles Laughton in The Private Life of Henry VIII (winner, Best Actor)
Robert Shaw in A Man for All Seasons (Best Supporting Actor)
Richard Burton in Anne of the Thousand Days (Best Actor)

21 other characters have been nominated twice – (*) = winning portrayal:

Abraham Lincoln – Raymond Massey, Daniel Day-Lewis (*)
Arthur Chipping – Robert Donat (*), Peter O'Toole
Cyrano de Bergerac – Jose Ferrer (*), Gerard Depardieu
Esther Blodgett – Janet Gaynor, Judy Garland
"Fast Eddie" Felson – Paul Newman (*)
Father Chuck O'Malley – Bing Crosby (*)
Father Fitzgibbons – Barry Fitzgerald (*) – nominated for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for the same performance in Going My Way
Henry Higgins – Leslie Howard, Rex Harrison (*)
Howard Hughes – Jason Robards, Leonardo DiCaprio
Iris Murdoch – Judi Dench, Kate Winslet – portrayals of the same character at different ages in the same film (Iris)
Joe Pendleton – Robert Montgomery, Warren Beatty
King Henry II of England – Peter O'Toole
King Henry V of England – Laurence Olivier, Kenneth Branagh
Leslie Crosbie – Jeanne Eagels, Bette Davis
Max Corkle – James Gleason, Jack Warden
Michael Corleone – Al Pacino
Norman Maine – Fredric March, James Mason
Richard Nixon – Anthony Hopkins, Frank Langella
Rocky Balboa – Sylvester Stallone
Rooster Cogburn – John Wayne (*), Jeff Bridges
Rose DeWitt Bukater – Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart – portray of the same character at different ages in the same film (Titanic)
Vito Corleone – Marlon Brando (*), Robert De Niro (*)

text:
Most Royalty and Leaders portrayed

43 portrayals of monarchs or civil leaders (real and fictional), have been nominated for acting awards, with 11 winners.
The United Kingdom is the most represented nation.

Overall, there have been 15 Nominations and 4 wins for portrayals of British monarchs.

In addition, Vanessa Redgrave was nominated for her portrayal of Mary, Queen of Scots.

3 portrayals of British Prime Ministers have been nominated, with 3 wins

The only portrayal of a non-British monarch to win an award was Yul Brynner as King Mongkut of Siam in The King and I.
9 portrayals of Presidents of the United States - 2 of them fictional - have been nominated, with Daniel Day-Lewis's portrayal of Abraham Lincoln the only winner.
Portrayals of 4 French kings and Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte have nominations.
3 portrayals of Dictators have been nominated:

Forest Whitaker won for his portrayal of Idi Amin in The Last King of Scotland
Charlie Chaplin and Jack Oakie were nominated for their turns as the dictators of Tomainia and Bacteria in The Great Dictator.

11 portrayals of spouses/consorts of leaders have been nominated, with Katharine Hepburn's Eleanor of Aquitaine the only winner.

text:
Most Honorary Awards

Bob Hope received 5 honorary awards – 2 Special, 2 Honorary, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.[20]

text: Oscar speeches[edit]

text:
Longest speech

The longest Oscar speech was that given by Greer Garson at the 15th Academy Awards after she was named Best Actress for 1942 for Mrs. Miniver. Her speech ran for nearly six minutes.[21] It was shortly after this incident that the Academy set forty-five seconds as the allotted time for an acceptance speech and began to cut the winners off after this time limit. When presenting the Best Actor award at the 24th Academy Awards, Garson quipped, "I think I have ten minutes left over from a highly emotional speech I made a few years ago. I'd be glad to give it to them."

Shortest speech

The shortest Oscar speech was that given by Patty Duke at the 35th Academy Awards after she was named Best Supporting Actress for 1962 for The Miracle Worker. Duke, age 16, was the youngest person at that time to receive an Academy Award in a competitive category. Her acceptance speech was, simply, two words – "Thank you" – after which she walked off the stage.[22]

text: Tied winners[edit]

text: There have been six two-way ties:

text:
1931/32: Best Actor – Wallace Beery (The Champ) and Fredric March (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)
1949: Best Documentary Short – A Chance to Live and So Much for So Little
1968: Best Actress – Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter) and Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl)
1986: Best Documentary – Artie Shaw: Time Is All You've Got and Down and Out in America
1994: Best Short Film (Live Action) – Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life and Trevor
2012: Best Sound Editing – Paul N. J. Ottosson (Zero Dark Thirty) and Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers (Skyfall)


document_title: Iris (anatomy)

question_text: what is the pigmented layer of the eyes iris

text: Iris (anatomy)

text: Structure[edit]

text: The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented fibrovascular known as a stroma and, beneath the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells.

text: The stroma connects to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae) which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds. The back surface is covered by a heavily pigmented epithelial layer that is two cells thick (the iris pigment epithelium), but the front surface has no epithelium. This anterior surface projects as the dilator muscles. The high pigment content blocks light from passing through the iris to the retina, restricting it to the pupil.[1] The outer edge of the iris, known as the root, is attached to the sclera and the anterior ciliary body. The iris and ciliary body together are known as the anterior uvea. Just in front of the root of the iris is the region referred to as the trabecular meshwork, through which the aqueous humour constantly drains out of the eye, with the result that diseases of the iris often have important effects on intraocular pressure and indirectly on vision. The iris along with the anterior ciliary body provide a secondary pathway for aqueous humour to drain from the eye.

text: The iris is divided into two major regions:

text:
The pupillary zone is the inner region whose edge forms the boundary of the pupil.
The ciliary zone is the rest of the iris that extends to its origin at the ciliary body.

tag: ol

text: The collarette is the thickest region of the iris, separating the pupillary portion from the ciliary portion. The collarette is a rudiment of the coating of the embryonic pupil.[1] It is typically defined as the region where the sphincter muscle and dilator muscle overlap. Radial ridges extend from the periphery to the pupillary zone, to supply the iris with blood vessels. The root of the iris is the thinnest and most peripheral.[2]

text: The muscle cells of the iris are smooth muscle in mammals and amphibians, but are striated muscle in reptiles (including birds). Many fish have neither, and, as a result, their irides are unable to dilate and contract, so that the pupil always remains of a fixed size.[3]

text: Anterior surface[edit]

text:
The crypts of Fuchs are a series of openings located on either side of the collarette that allow the stroma and deeper iris tissues to be bathed in aqueous humor. Collagen trabeculae that surround the border of the crypts can be seen in blue irises.
The midway between the collarette and the origin of the iris. These folds result from changes in the surface of the iris as it dilates.[citation needed]
Crypts on the base of the iris are additional openings that can be observed close to the outermost part of the ciliary portion of the iris.[2]

text: Posterior surface[edit]

text:
The radial contraction folds of Schwalbe are a series of very fine radial folds in the pupillary portion of the iris extending from the pupillary margin to the collarette. They are associated with the scalloped appearance of the pupillary ruff.
The structural folds of Schwalbe are radial folds extending from the border of the ciliary and pupillary zones that are much broader and more widely spaced, continuous with the "valleys" between the ciliary processes.
Some of the circular contraction folds are a fine series of ridges that run near the pupillary margin and vary in thickness of the iris pigment epithelium; others are in ciliary portion of iris.[2]

text: Histology[edit]

text: From anterior (front) to posterior (back), the layers of the iris are:

text:
Anterior limiting layer
Stroma of iris
Iris sphincter muscle
Iris dilator muscle (myopeithelium)
Anterior pigment epithelium
Posterior pigment epithelium

text: Development[edit]

text: The stroma and the anterior border layer of the iris are derived from the neural crest, and behind the stroma of the iris, the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae muscles as well as the iris epithelium develop from optic cup neuroectoderm.

text: Eye color[edit]

text: The iris is usually strongly pigmented, with the color typically ranging between brown, hazel, green, gray, or blue. Occasionally, the color of the iris is due to a lack of pigmentation, as in the pinkish-white of oculo-cutaneous albinism,[1] or to obscuration of its pigment by blood vessels, as in the red of an abnormally vascularised iris. Despite the wide range of colors, the only pigment that contributes substantially to normal human iris color is the dark pigment melanin. The quantity of melanin pigment in the iris is one factor in determining the phenotypic eye color of a person. Structurally, this huge molecule is only slightly different from its equivalent found in skin and hair. Iris color is due to variable amounts of eumelanin (brown/black melanins) and pheomelanin (red/yellow melanins) produced by melanocytes. More of the former is found in brown eyed people and of the latter in blue and green-eyed people.

text: Genetic and physical factors determining iris color[edit]

text: Iris color is a highly complex phenomenon consisting of the combined effects of texture, pigmentation, fibrous tissue and blood vessels within the iris stroma, which together make up an individual's epigenetic constitution in this context.[2] A person's "eye color" is actually the color of one's iris, the cornea being transparent and the white sclera entirely outside the area of interest.

text: Melanin is yellowish-brown to dark brown in the stromal pigment cells, and black in the iris pigment epithelium, which lies in a thin but very opaque layer across the back of the iris. Most human irises also show a condensation of the brownish stromal melanin in the thin anterior border layer, which by its position has an overt influence on the overall color.[2] The degree of dispersion of the melanin, which is in subcellular bundles called melanosomes, has some influence on the observed color, but melanosomes in the iris of humans and other vertebrates are not mobile, and the degree of pigment dispersion cannot be reversed. Abnormal clumping of melanosomes does occur in disease and may lead to irreversible changes in iris color (see heterochromia, below). Colors other than brown or black are due to selective reflection and absorption from the other stromal components. Sometimes lipofuscin, a yellow "wear and tear" pigment, also enters into the visible eye color, especially in aged or diseased green eyes.

text: Amber Eyes[edit]

text: Amber colored eyes are extremely rare in humans. They consist of a solid orange/gold color that may contain lighter shades of the same pigment within the iris. This is an unusual occurrence that happens when the yellow pigment called pheomelanin (also known as lipochrome), is dominant within the iris. Pheomelanin is also found on individuals with green eyes in much smaller amounts. This is because green eyes have a strong presence of both melanin and pheomelanin. Often in poor lighting, one may mistake amber eyes for brown. This also happens when viewed from far away or in pictures with poor lighting as well. However, in natural or well lit areas, it is very easy to tell the difference between the two colors. Another common mistake people make is referring to amber eyes as hazel. Although similar, hazel eyes have a stronger presence of melanin with two very distinct colors within the iris(usually green/brown)and often contain many speckles or blotches of mixed hues.[4]

text: The optical mechanisms by which the non-pigmented stromal components influence eye color are complex, and many erroneous statements exist in the literature. Simple selective absorption and reflection by biological molecules (hemoglobin in the blood vessels, collagen in the vessel and stroma) is the most important element. Rayleigh scattering and Tyndall scattering, (which also happen in the sky) and diffraction also occur. Raman scattering, and constructive interference, as in the feathers of birds, do not contribute to the color of the human eye, but interference phenomena are important in the brilliantly colored iris pigment cells (iridophores) in many animals. Interference effects can occur at both molecular and light microscopic scales, and are often associated (in melanin-bearing cells) with quasi-crystalline formations which enhance the optical effects. Interference is recognised by characteristic dependence of color on the angle of view, as seen in eyespots of some butterfly wings, although the chemical components remain the same. White babies are usually born blue-eyed since there is no pigment in the stroma, and their eyes appear blue due to scattering and selective absorption from the posterior epithelium. If melanin is deposited substantially, there will be brown or black color, if not, they will remain blue or gray.[5]

text: All the contributing factors towards eye color and its variation are not fully understood. Autosomal recessive/dominant traits in iris color are inherent in other species but coloration can follow a different pattern.

text: Different colors in the two eyes[edit]

text: Heterochromia (also known as a heterochromia iridis or heterochromia iridum) is an ocular condition in which one iris is a different color from the other iris (complete heterochromia), or where the part of one iris is a different color from the remainder (partial heterochromia or sectoral heterochromia). Uncommon in humans, it is often an indicator of ocular disease, such as chronic iritis or diffuse iris melanoma, but may also occur as a normal variant. Sectors or patches of strikingly different colors in the same iris are less common. Alexander the Great and Anastasios the First were dubbed dikoro*s (dikoros, "with two pupils") for their patent heterochromias. In their case, this was not a true dicoria (two pupils in the same iris). Real polycoria can be due to disease but is most often due to previous trauma or surgery.[citation needed]

text: In contrast, heterochromia and variegated iris patterns are common in veterinary practice. Siberian Huskies show heterochromia,[6] possibly analogous to the genetically-determined Waardenburg syndrome of humans. Some white cat fancies (e.g., white Turkish Angora or white Turkish van cats) may show striking heterochromia, with the most common pattern being one uniformly blue, the other copper, orange, yellow or green.[6] Striking variation within the same iris is also common in some animals, and is the norm in some species. Several herding breeds, particularly those with a blue merle coat color (such as Australian Shepherds and Border Collies) may show well-defined blue areas within a brown iris as well as separate blue and darker eyes.[citation needed] Some horses (usually within the white, spotted, palomino or cremello groups of breeds) may show amber, brown, white and blue all within the same eye, without any sign of eye disease.[citation needed]

text: One eye with a white or bluish-white iris is also known as a walleye.[7]

text: Iridology[edit]

text: Iridology (also known as iridodiagnosis) is an alternative medicine technique whose proponents believe that patterns, colors and other characteristics of the iris can be examined to determine information about a patient's systemic health. Practitioners match their observations to iris charts which divide the iris into zones corresponding to specific parts of the human body. Iridologists see the eyes as "windows" into the body's state of health.[8]

text: Iridology is not supported by quality research studies[9] and is considered pseudoscience[10] by the majority of medical practitioners and eye care professionals.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: When photographed with a flash, the iris constricts but not fast enough to avoid the red-eye effect. This represents reflection of light from the back of the eye, and is closely related to the term red reflex, used by ophthalmologists and optometrists in describing appearances on fundal examination.

text: Conjunctivitis[edit]

text: When used as a descriptive term in medicine, the meaning of red eye is quite different, and indicates that the bulbar conjunctiva is reddened due to dilatation of superficial blood vessels. Leaving aside rarities, it indicates surface infection (conjunctivitis), intraocular inflammation (e.g., iridocyclitis) or high intraocular pressure (acute glaucoma or occasionally severe, untreated chronic glaucoma). This use of "red eye" implies disease. The term is therefore not used in medicine for ocular albinism, in which the eye is otherwise healthy despite an obviously red pupil and a translucent pinkish iris due to reflected light from the fundus. "Red eye" is used more loosely in veterinary practice, where investigation of eye diseases can be difficult, but even so albinotic breeds are easily recognised and are usually described as having "pink eye" rather than "red eye".

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The word iris is derived from the Greek goddess of the rainbow, because of the many colours of the iris.[11]

text: Graphics[edit]

text:
Structures of the eye

Iris, front view.