document_title: List of NFL franchise post-season droughts

question_text: when was the last time browns made playoffs

text: Active team droughts[edit]

text: Post-season droughts[edit]

text: Updated through the 2016-17 post season.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for Longest drought in team history

text:
Playoff Droughts [1][2]

0Team0
Last earned appearance in post-season
Seasons

Buffalo Bills ^
1999 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
17

Cleveland Browns ^
2002 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
14

Los Angeles Rams ^
2004 NFC Divisional Playoffs
12

Jacksonville Jaguars ^
2007 AFC Divisional Playoffs
9

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2007 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
9

Tennessee Titans †
2008 AFC Divisional Playoffs
8

New York Jets
2010 AFC Championship Game
6

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Championship Game
6

Philadelphia Eagles
2013 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
3

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Divisional Playoffs
3

New Orleans Saints
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs
3

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Championship Game
3

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs
2

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Championship Game
2

Cincinnati Bengals
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Minnesota Vikings
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Washington Redskins
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Championship Game
1

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
1

Carolina Panthers
Super Bowl 50
1

2016 Playoff Teams

Miami Dolphins
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Oakland Raiders
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

New York Giants
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Detroit Lions
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Kansas City Chiefs
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Dallas Cowboys
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Championship Game
—

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Championship Game
—

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
—

Atlanta Falcons
Super Bowl LI
—

text: At 17 seasons, the Bills' playoff drought is also the longest in major North American professional sports.[3]

text: Playoff game victory droughts[edit]

text:
Updated through the 2016 season.
Sortable table, click on header arrows.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for longest drought in team history

0♦0
Most consecutive losses in team history

0¤0
Tied for most consecutive losses in team history

0♣ ♣0
Most consecutive losses in NFL history

text:
Current Playoff Loss Streak[1]

Team
Last playoff game win
Seasons
Since Win
Loss
Streak
Playoff Losses - Teams

Cincinnati Bengals ^
1990 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
26
♦ 8
1990 Divisional - Los Angeles
2005 Wild Card - Pittsburgh
2009 Wild Card - New York Jets
2011 Wild Card - Houston
2012 Wild Card - Houston
2013 Wild Card - San Diego
2014 Wild Card - Indianapolis
2015 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Detroit Lions
1991 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
25
♣ ♣ 9
1991 NFC Championship - Washington
1993 Wild Card - Green Bay
1994 Wild Card - Green Bay
1995 Wild Card - Philadelphia
1997 Wild Card - Tampa Bay
1999 Wild Card - Washington
2011 Wild Card - New Orleans
2014 Wild Card - Dallas
2016 Wild Card - Seattle

Buffalo Bills ^
1995 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
21
♦ 4
1995 Divisional - Pittsburgh
1996 Wild Card - Jacksonville
1998 Wild Card - Miami
1999 Wild Card - Tennessee

Cleveland Browns ^
1994 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
19**
2
1994 Divisional - Pittsburgh
2002 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Miami Dolphins ^
2000 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
16
4 ¤
2000 Divisional - Oakland
2001 Wild Card - Baltimore
2008 Wild Card - Baltimore
2016 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC Championship*
14
2 ¤
2002 Super Bowl - Tampa Bay
2016 Wild Card - Houston

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII*
14
2
2005 Wild Card - Washington
2007 Wild Card - New York Giants

Tennessee Titans
2003 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
13
3 ¤
2003 Divisional - New England
2007 Wild Card - San Diego
2008 Divisional - Baltimore

Los Angeles Rams
2004 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
12
1
2004 Divisional - Atlanta

Washington Redskins
2005 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
11
4 ¤
2005 Divisional - Seattle
2007 Wild Card - Seattle
2012 Wild Card - Seattle
2015 Wild Card - Green Bay

Jacksonville Jaguars ^
2007 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
9
1
2007 Divisional - New England

Philadelphia Eagles
2008 NFC Divisional Playoffs
8
4
2008 NFC Championship - Arizona
2009 Wild Card - Dallas
2010 Wild Card - Green Bay
2013 Wild Card - New Orleans

Minnesota Vikings
2009 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
7
3
2009 NFC Championship - New Orleans
2012 Wild Card - Green Bay
2015 Wild Card - Seattle

New York Jets
2010 AFC Divisional Playoffs
6
1
2010 AFC Championship - Pittsburgh

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
6
1
2010 NFC Championship - Green Bay

New York Giants
2011 !Super Bowl XLVI
5
1
2016 Wild Card - Green Bay

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
3
1
2013 Divisional - Denver

New Orleans Saints
2013 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
3
1
2013 Divisional - Seattle

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs
3
1
2013 NFC Championship - Seattle

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
2
1
2014 Divisional - New England

Dallas Cowboys
2014 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
2
2
2014 Divisional - Green Bay
2016 Divisional - Green Bay

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs
2
1
2014 AFC Championship - New England

Kansas City Chiefs
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
1
2
2015 Divisional - New England
2016 Divisional - Pittsburgh

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
1
1
2015 NFC Championship - Carolina

Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC Championship*
1
1
2015 Super Bowl - Denver

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50*
1
0
3 game win streak

2016 Playoff0
Winners

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—
1
2016 Divisional - New England

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—
1
2016 Divisional - Atlanta

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—
1
2016 AFC Championship - New England

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—
1
2016 NFC Championship - Atlanta

Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC Championship*
—
1
2016 Super Bowl - New England

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI*
—
0
3 game win streak

Team
Last playoff game win
Seasons
Since Win
Loss
Streak
Playoff Losses - Teams

text:
(*): Franchise earned a bye in the Wild Card round.
(**): Franchise dormant 1996–1998.

text: AFC/NFC Championship game appearance droughts[edit]

text: This is also a list of the last time a particular club won a Divisional playoff game.

text:
Drought Reference [1]

Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Conference Championship Game
Result

28
Cincinnati Bengals ^
1988 AFC
Won vs. Buffalo

25
Washington Redskins ^
1991 NFC
Won vs. Detroit

25
Detroit Lions ^
1991 NFC
Lost vs. Washington

24
Miami Dolphins ^
1992 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

24**
Cleveland Browns ^
1989 AFC
Lost vs. Denver

23
Buffalo Bills ^
1993 AFC
Won vs. Kansas City

23
Kansas City Chiefs †
1993 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

21
Dallas Cowboys ^
1995 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

17
Jacksonville Jaguars ^
1999 AFC
Lost vs. Tennessee

15
Houston Texans ^
1985Never*
y —

15
Los Angeles Rams ^
2001 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2002 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

14
Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC
Won vs. Tennessee

14
Tennessee Titans
2002 AFC
Lost vs. Oakland

9
Los Angeles Chargers
2007 AFC
Lost vs. New England

8
Philadelphia Eagles
2008 NFC
Lost vs. Arizona

7
New Orleans Saints
2009 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

7
Minnesota Vikings
2009 NFC
Lost vs. New Orleans

6
New York Jets
2010 AFC
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

6
Chicago Bears
2010 NFC
Lost vs. Green Bay

5
New York Giants
2011 NFC
Won vs. San Francisco

4
Baltimore Ravens
2012 AFC
Won vs. New England

3
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC
Lost vs. Seattle

2
Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC
Lost vs. New England

2
Seattle Seahawks
2014 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

1
Denver Broncos
2015 AFC
Won vs. New England

1
Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC
Lost vs. Carolina

1
Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC
Won vs. Arizona

.75
Z2016 Conference Finalists
2015
z

—
Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC
Lost vs. New England

.5 —
New England Patriots
2016 AFC
Won vs. Pittsburgh

—
Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC
Lost vs. Atlanta

—
Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

text:
(*): Franchise first played in 2002 season
(**): Franchise dormant 1996–1998.

text: Super Bowl or NFL Championship appearance droughts[edit]

text:
Last appearance in Super Bowl or
NFL Championship[1][4]

Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Super Bowl
NFL
Season
Result

59
Detroit Lions
7003195700000000000♠ 1957 NFL Championship Game
1957
Won vs. Cleveland

48
New York Jets
7003196800000000000♠ Super Bowl III
1968
Won vs. Baltimore Colts

47
Kansas City Chiefs
7003196900000000000♠ Super Bowl IV
1969
Won vs. Minnesota

44*
Cleveland Browns*
7003196910000000000♠1969.1 1969 NFL Championship Game
1969
Lost vs. Minnesota

40
Minnesota Vikings
7003197700000000000♠ Super Bowl XI
1976
Lost vs. Oakland

32
Miami Dolphins
7003198400000000000♠ Super Bowl XIX
1984
Lost vs. San Francisco

28
Cincinnati Bengals
7003198800000000000♠ Super Bowl XXIII
1988
Lost vs. San Francisco

25
Washington Redskins
7003199100000000000♠ Super Bowl XXVI
1991
Won vs. Buffalo

23
Buffalo Bills
7003199300000000000♠ Super Bowl XXVIII
1993
Lost vs. Dallas

22
Jacksonville Jaguars
7000100000000000000♠ Never (enfranchised 1995)

Y —

22
Los Angeles Chargers
7003199400000000000♠ Super Bowl XXIX
1994
Lost vs. San Francisco

21
Dallas Cowboys
7003199500000000000♠ Super Bowl XXX
1995
Won vs. Pittsburgh

17
Tennessee Titans
7003199900000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXIV
1999
Lost vs. St. Louis Rams

15
Houston Texans
7000200000000000000♠ Never (enfranchised 2002)

Y —

15
Los Angeles Rams †
7003200100000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVI
2001
Lost vs. New England

14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
7003200200000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Won vs. Oakland

14
Oakland Raiders
7003200210000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Lost vs. Tampa Bay

12
Philadelphia Eagles
7003200400000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXIX
2004
Lost vs. New England

10
Chicago Bears
7003200600000000000♠ Super Bowl XLI
2006
Lost vs. Indianapolis

8
Arizona Cardinals
7003200800000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIII
2008
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

7
New Orleans Saints
7003200900000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Won vs. Indianapolis

7
Indianapolis Colts
7003200900000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Lost vs. New Orleans

6
Green Bay Packers
7003201000000000000♠ Super Bowl XLV
2010
Won vs. Pittsburgh

6
Pittsburgh Steelers
7003201010000000000♠ Super Bowl XLV
2010
Lost vs. Green Bay

5
New York Giants
7003201100000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVI
2011
Won vs. New England

4
Baltimore Ravens
7003201200000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Won vs. San Francisco

4
San Francisco 49ers
7003201210000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Lost vs. Baltimore Ravens

2
Seattle Seahawks
7003201420000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIX
2014
Lost vs. New England

1
Carolina Panthers
7003201500000000000♠ Super Bowl 50
2015
Lost vs. Denver

1
Denver Broncos
7003201500000000000♠ Super Bowl 50
2015
Won vs. Carolina

0
Atlanta Falcons
7003201600000000000♠ Super Bowl LI
2016
Lost vs. New England

0
New England Patriots
7003201600000000000♠ Super Bowl LI
2016
Won vs. Atlanta

text:
(*): Cleveland's drought does not include three seasons (1996–1998) where the franchise was dormant.
(†): Team was based in St. Louis.

text: Super Bowl win droughts[edit]

text: This list also counts all seasons since a team last won the league championship.

text:
Drought References[1][4]

Seasons
Team
Last Super Bowl crown
(1966–present)
NFL
Season
Last League Championship crown
Before 1970 Merger
(1920–1969)
Seasons

51
Arizona Cardinals[a]
Never
—
1947 NFL Championship
69

51
Detroit Lions
Never
—
1957 NFL Championship
59

51
Philadelphia Eagles
Never
—
1960 NFL Championship
56

51
Tennessee Titans[b]
Never
—
1961 AFL Championship
55

51
Los Angeles Chargers
Never
—
1963 AFL Championship
53

51
Buffalo Bills
Never
—
1965 AFL Championship
51

48
Cleveland Browns [d]
Never
—
1964 NFL Championship
49

51
Minnesota Vikings
Never
—
1969 NFL Championship[c]
47

51
Atlanta Falcons
Never (enfranchised 1966)
—

49
Cincinnati Bengals
Never (enfranchised 1968)
—

48
New York Jets[e]
Super Bowl III
1968

47
Kansas City Chiefs[e]
Super Bowl IV
1969

43
Miami Dolphins
Super Bowl VIII
1973

33
Oakland Raiders[f]
Super Bowl XVIII
1983

31
Chicago Bears
Super Bowl XX
1985

25
Washington Redskins
Super Bowl XXVI
1991

22
Jacksonville Jaguars
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

22
Carolina Panthers
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

22
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XXIX
1994

21
Dallas Cowboys
Super Bowl XXX
1995

17
Los Angeles Rams[g]
Super Bowl XXXIV
1999

15
Houston Texans
Never (enfranchised 2002)
—

14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII
2002

10
Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLI
2006

8
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl XLIII
2008

7
New Orleans Saints
Super Bowl XLIV
2009

6
Green Bay Packers
Super Bowl XLV
2010

5
New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI
2011

4
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl XLVII
2012

3
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl XLVIII
2013

1
Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
2015

0
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
2016

text:
a Team won as the Chicago Cardinals in 1947.
b Team won as the Houston Oilers in 1961.
c AFL and NFL league champions met in Super Bowls I thru IV before the 1970 merger (1966–1969). They are not generally counted in the overall league championship list.
d Cleveland's drought does not include three seasons (1996–98) when the franchise was dormant.
e Super Bowl winner was not the NFL league champion till after 1970 merger (Super Bowl V).
f Team was based in Los Angeles when it won Super Bowl XVIII.
g Team was based in St. Louis when it won Super Bowl XXXIV.

text: Super Bowl crown droughts by division[edit]

text:
Division
Last Super Bowl crown
Seasons

AFC South
XLI — Colts
10

NFC South
XLIV — Saints
7

NFC North
XLV — Packers
6

NFC East
XLVI — Giants
5

AFC North
XLVII — Ravens
4

NFC West
XLVIII — Seahawks
3

AFC West
50 — Broncos
1

AFC East
LI — Patriots
0

text: Cities/regions awaiting first Super Bowl crown[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Current NFL cities/regions only

text:
Last city to leave list - Seattle, 2013 season

City/region
Seasons waited
Conference Title(s)
Team(s)
Notes

Detroit
51
None
Detroit Lions (1966–)
Played in the 1991 NFC Championship Game

Philadelphia
51
1980, 2004
Philadelphia Eagles (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XV and XXXIX

Buffalo
51
1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
Buffalo Bills (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII

Atlanta
51
1998, 2016
Atlanta Falcons (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI

Minneapolis–St. Paul
51
1969, 1973, 1974, 1976
Minnesota Vikings (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI

Cincinnati
49
1981, 1988
Cincinnati Bengals (1968–)
Played in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII

Cleveland
48
None
Cleveland Browns (1966–)
Played in the 1986, 1987, and 1989 AFC Championship Games

Houston
46
None
Includes 31 Oilers seasons (1966–1996) and 15 Texans seasons (2002–)
Played in the 1978 and 1979 AFC Championship Games

Phoenix
29
2008
Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1988–)
Played in Super Bowl XLIII

Jacksonville
22
None
Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–)
Played in the 1996 and 1999 AFC Championship Games

Charlotte
22
2003, 2015
Carolina Panthers (1995–)
Played in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50

Nashville
20
1999
Tennessee Oilers/Titans (1997–)
Played in Super Bowl XXXIV

text: Division title droughts[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Updated through the 2016 season.

text:
Franchise
0 0 Most recent0 0
division title
0Year0
Seasons

Cleveland Browns^
AFC Central
1989
24**

Detroit Lions^
NFC Central
1993
23

Buffalo Bills^
AFC East
1995
21

Jacksonville Jaguars^
AFC Central
1999
17

Oakland Raiders^
AFC West
2002
14

New York Jets
AFC East
2002
14

Los Angeles Rams†
NFC West
2003
13

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
NFC South
2007
9

Miami Dolphins^
AFC East
2008
8

Tennessee Titans
AFC South
2008
8

Los Angeles Chargers
AFC West
2009
7

Chicago Bears
NFC North
2010
6

New York Giants
NFC East
2011
5

New Orleans Saints
NFC South
2011
5

Baltimore Ravens
AFC North
2012
4

San Francisco 49ers
NFC West
2012
4

Philadelphia Eagles
NFC East
2013
3

Indianapolis Colts
AFC South
2014
2

Cincinnati Bengals
AFC North
2015
1

Denver Broncos
AFC West
2015
1

Washington Redskins
NFC East
2015
1

Minnesota Vikings
NFC North
2015
1

Carolina Panthers
NFC South
2015
1

Arizona Cardinals
NFC West
2015
1

2016 Division Champions

New England Patriots
AFC East
2016
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
AFC North
2016
—

Houston Texans
AFC South
2016
—

Kansas City Chiefs
AFC West
2016
—

Dallas Cowboys
NFC East
2016
—

Green Bay Packers
NFC North
2016
—

Atlanta Falcons
NFC South
2016
—

Seattle Seahawks
NFC West
2016
—

text: **Does not include the three seasons (1996–1998) during which the franchise suspended operations.

text: Historical team droughts[edit]

text: Playoff droughts of 5 plus seasons[edit]

text:
0^0
Denotes active streak

text:
Last place NFL finishes
Last place AFL finishes (1960–1969)

text:
List of Droughts[1]

Seasons
Team
Drought Duration
Division or Conference Last Place
finishes during drought
League Worst win-loss record
during drought

Last Place
Seasons

7001250000000000000♠25
Washington Redskins A !Washington Redskins
1946–1970
4
1950, 1952, 1960–1961
1961

7001250000000000000♠25
Arizona Cardinals A !Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals
1949–1973
5
1951, 1953–1954, 1957, 1959
1953, 1954, 1957 tie, 19591959 tie

7001240000000000000♠24
Pittsburgh Steelers A !Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
5
1955, 1965, 1967–1969
1965, 1969 tie

7001200000000000000♠20
New Orleans Saints A !New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
9
1967, 1970–1972, 1975, 1977, 1980–1981, 1986
19751975 tie, 1980

7001170000000000000♠17
Denver Broncos A !Denver Broncos
1960–1976
8
1960, 1963–1967, 1970–1971
1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 tie, 1967

7001170000000000000♠17
Philadelphia Eagles A !Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
7
1962–1963, 1968–1970, 1972, 1975
1968 tie

7001170000000000000♠17
New York Giants D !New York Giants
1964–1980
9
1964, 1966, 1971, 1973–1974, 1976–1978, 1980
1964, 1966, 1974 tie

7001170000000000000♠17 ^
Buffalo Bills A !Buffalo Bills
2000–2016
8
2001–2002, 2008–2013
—

7001160000000000000♠16
Detroit Lions A !Detroit Lions
1936–1951
4
1942, 1946–1948
1942, 1946, 1948

7001150000000000000♠15
Arizona Cardinals B !Chicago Cardinals
1932–1946
10
1933, 1935–1936, 1938–1940, 1943–1946
1933, 1938 tie, 1939, 1943, 1944 tie[a], 1945

7001150000000000000♠15
Green Bay Packers A !Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
4
1949, 1953, 1957, 1958
1957 tie, 1958

7001150000000000000♠15
Arizona Cardinals C !St. Louis / Phoenix / Arizona Cardinals
1983–1997
7
1985–1986, 1990–1992, 1995, 1997
—

7001140000000000000♠14
Pittsburgh Steelers B !Pittsburgh Pirates / Steelers
1933–1946
7
1933–1934, 1938–1939, 1941, 1944–1945
1938 tie, 1941, 1944 tie[a]

7001140000000000000♠14
Philadelphia Eagles B !Philadelphia Eagles
1933–1946
5
1935–1937, 1940, 1942
1935, 1936, 1940

7001140000000000000♠14
Kansas City Chiefs A !Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
5
1977–1979, 1983, 1985
19771977 tie

7001140000000000000♠14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers A !Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
8
1983, 1985–1986, 1989, 1991, 1993–1995
19831983 tie, 1985 tie, 1986

7001140000000000000♠14
Cincinnati Bengals A !Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
6
1991–1993, 1998, 2001–2002
1993, 1998 tie, 2002

7001140000000000000♠14 ^
Cleveland Browns A !Cleveland Browns
2003–2016
12
2003–2006, 2008–2009, 2011–2016
2015 tie, 2016

7001130000000000000♠13
Chicago Bears A !Chicago Bears
1964–1976
5
1969–1970, 1972–1974
1969 tie

7001130000000000000♠13
San Diego Chargers A !San Diego Chargers
1966–1978
3
1972–1973, 1975
1975 tie

7001130000000000000♠13
Oakland Raiders A !Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
6
2004–2007, 2013–2014
2003 tie, 2006

7001120000000000000♠12
Detroit Lions B !Detroit Lions
1958–1969
2
1966, 1968
—

7001120000000000000♠12
San Francisco 49ers A !San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
3
1963–1964, 1969
1963

7001120000000000000♠12
New England Patriots A !Boston / New England Patriots
1964–1975
4
1967, 1970, 1972, 1975
1970

7001120000000000000♠12
Atlanta Falcons A !Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
3
1967–1968, 1974
1967, 1968 tie

7001120000000000000♠12 ^
Los Angeles Rams A !St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams
2005–2016
6
2007–2009, 2011, 2013–2014
2009, 2011 tie

7001110000000000000♠11
Los Angeles Rams B !Los Angeles Rams
1956–1966
4
1956, 1959, 1962, 1965
19591959 tie, 1962

7001110000000000000♠11
New York Jets A !New York Jets
1970–1980
1
1980
—

7001110000000000000♠11
Detroit Lions C !Detroit Lions
1971–1981
1
1979
19791979 tie

7001110000000000000♠11
Detroit Lions D !Detroit Lions
2000–2010
6
2001–2003, 2006, 2008–2009
2008

7001100000000000000♠10
Philadelphia Eagles C !Philadelphia Eagles
1950–1959
2
1956, 1958
1956

7001100000000000000♠10
Green Bay Packers B !Green Bay Packers
1983–1992
1
1988
—

7001100000000000000♠10
Seattle Seahawks A !Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
4
1992–1994, 1996
1992 tie

7000900000000000000♠9
Green Bay Packers C !Green Bay Packers
1973–1981
2
1976, 1980
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Indianapolis Colts A !Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
4
1978 - 1979, 1982, 1986
1981 tie, 1982

7000900000000000000♠9
San Diego Chargers B !San Diego Chargers
1983–1991
4
1984, 1986, 1989, 1991
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Los Angeles Rams C !Los Angeles / St. Louis Rams
1990–1998
6
1991–1994, 1997–1998
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Arizona Cardinals E !Arizona Cardinals
1999–2007
4
2000, 2002–2003, 2006
2003 tie

7000900000000000000♠9
Houston Texans A !Houston Texans
2002–2010
5
2002–2003, 2005–2007
2005

7000900000000000000♠9 ^
Tampa Bay Buccaneers B !Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2008–2016
6
2009, 2011–2015
20142014 tie

7000900000000000000♠9 ^
Jacksonville Jaguars A !Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
4
2008–2009, 2012, 2016
2012 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
New York Jets B !New York Titans / Jets
1960–1967
2
1962–1963
—

7000800000000000000♠8
Tennessee Titans A !Houston Oilers
1970–1977
4
1970, 1972–1973, 1976
1972, 1973

7000800000000000000♠8
San Francisco 49ers B !San Francisco 49ers
1973–1980
2
1978–1979
1978, 1979 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
Atlanta Falcons B !Atlanta Falcons
1983–1990
7
1983–1985, 1987–1990
1987

7000800000000000000♠8
San Diego Chargers C !San Diego Chargers
1996–2003
5
1997–1998, 2000–2001, 2003
2000, 2003 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
San Francisco 49ers C !San Francisco 49ers
2003–2010
2
2004–2005
2004

7000800000000000000♠8 ^
Tennessee Titans B !Tennessee Titans
2009–2016
3
2010, 2014–2015
20142014 tie, 2015 tie

7000700000000000000♠7
Los Angeles Rams D !Cleveland Rams
1937–1944 [b]
2
1937, 1941
1937

7000700000000000000♠7
San Francisco 49ers D !San Francisco 49ers
1950–1956
0
—
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Oakland Raiders B !Oakland Raiders
1960–1966
2
1961–1962
1961, 1962

7000700000000000000♠7
Minnesota Vikings A !Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
3
1961, 1966–1967
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Buffalo Bills B !Buffalo Bills
1967–1973
2
1968, 1971

1968
1971

7000700000000000000♠7
Cleveland Browns B !Cleveland Browns
1973–1979
3
1974–1975, 1977
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Seattle Seahawks B !Seattle Seahawks
1976–1982
3
1976, 1980–1981
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Detroit Lions E !Detroit Lions
1984–1990
1
1987
—

7000700000000000000♠7
New England Patriots A !New England Patriots
1987–1993
2
1990, 1992
1990, 1992 tie

7000700000000000000♠7
Indianapolis Colts B !Indianapolis Colts
1988–1994
2
1991, 1993
1991

7000700000000000000♠7
New Orleans Saints B !New Orleans Saints
1993–1999
3
1995–1996, 1999
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Miami Dolphins A !Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
1
2015
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Chicago Bears B !Chicago Bears
1957–1962
0
—
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Dallas Cowboys A !Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
1
1960
1960

7000600000000000000♠6
Arizona Cardinals E !St. Louis Cardinals
1976–1981
2
1979, 1981
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Tennessee Titans C !Houston Oilers
1981–1986
4
1983–1986
19831983 tie

7000600000000000000♠6
Buffalo Bills C !Buffalo Bills
1982–1987
2
1984–1985
1984, 1985 tie

7000600000000000000♠6
Philadelphia Eagles D !Philadelphia Eagles
1982–1987
1
1984
—

7000600000000000000♠6
New York Jets C !New York Jets
1992–1997
3
1994–1996
1995, 1996

7000600000000000000♠6
Washington Redskins B !Washington Redskins
1993–1998
2
1993–1994
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Oakland Raiders C !Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders
1994–1999
0
—
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Chicago Bears C !Chicago Bears
1995–2000
4
1997–2000
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Carolina Panthers A !Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
2
2001–2002
2001

7000600000000000000♠6
Miami Dolphins B !Miami Dolphins
2002–2007
3
2004, 2006–2007
2007

7000600000000000000♠6 ^
New York Jets D !New York Jets
2011–2016
2
2014, 2016
—

7000600000000000000♠6 ^
Chicago Bears E !Chicago Bears
2011–2016
3
2014–2016
—

7000500000000000000♠5
New York Giants D !New York Giants
1951–1955
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Chicago Bears D !Chicago Bears
1951–1955
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Indianapolis Colts C !Baltimore Colts
1953–1957
1
1954
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cleveland Browns C !Cleveland Browns
1959–1963
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Buffalo Bills D !Buffalo Bills
1975–1979
2
1976–1977
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cincinnati Bengals B !Cincinnati Bengals
1976–1980
3
1978–1980
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Washington Redskins C !Washington Redskins
1977–1981
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cincinnati Bengals C !Cincinnati Bengals
1983–1987
1
1987
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Dallas Cowboys B !Dallas Cowboys
1986–1990
2
1988, 1989
1988, 1989

7000500000000000000♠5
Tennessee Titans D !Houston / Tennessee Oilers
1994–1998
1
1994
1994

7000500000000000000♠5
Kansas City Chiefs B !Kansas City Chiefs
1998–2002
1
2002
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Washington Redskins D !Washington Redskins
2000–2004
1
2004
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Jacksonville Jaguars B !Jacksonville Jaguars
2000–2004
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
New Orleans Saints C !New Orleans Saints
2001–2005
1
2005
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Denver Broncos B !Denver Broncos
2006–2010
1
2010
—

Seasons
Team
Drought Duration
Last Place
Seasons
League Worst win-loss record
during drought

Division or Conference Last Place
finishes during drought

text: Most consecutive post-season losses in team history[edit]

text: This is a sortable table of all 32 current NFL teams. Ten teams have multiple losing streaks where they lost an equal number of post season games before breaking the drought.

text: Updated through the 2016 regular season.

text:
0^0
Denotes active drought

text:
Team
Streak lasted
Last win
Games Lost
Playoff Losses
Score
Opponent
Next win

Arizona Cardinals
7001510000000000000♠ 51 years
1947
Championship
4.1 !4
1948 NFL Champ.
1974 Div.
1975 Div.
1982 1st Round
-1 !0–7
14–30
23–35
16–41
Eagles
Vikings
Rams
Packers
1998 Wild Card

Atlanta Falcons
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
2004 Divisional
4.2 !4
2004 NFC Champ.
2008 Wild Card
2010 Div.
2011 Wild Card
10–27
24–30
21–48
2–24
Eagles
Cardinals
Packers
Giants
2012 Divisional

Baltimore Ravens
7000700000000000000♠ 7 years
2001
Wild Card
3.1 !3
2001 Div.
2003 Wild Card
2006 Div.
10–27
17–20
6–15
Steelers
Titans
Colts
2008 Wild Card

Buffalo Bills^
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1995
Div !1995
Wild Card
4.3 !4
1995 Div.
1996 Wild Card
1998 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
21–40
27–30
17–24
16–22
Steelers
Jaguars
Dolphins
Titans
TBD

Carolina Panthers
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
2005
Divisional
3
2005 NFC Champ.
2008 Div.
2013 Div.
14–34
13–33
10–23
Seahawks
Cardinals
49ers
2014 Div !2014 Wild Card

Chicago Bears
7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1994
AF !1994
Wild Card
3.2 !3
1994 Div.
2001 Div.
2005 Div.
15–44
19–33
21–29
49ers
Eagles
Panthers
2006 Divisional

Cincinnati Bengals^
7001260000000000000♠ 26 years
1990 Div !1990
Wild Card
8
1990 Div.
2005 Wild Card
2009 Wild Card
2011 Wild Card
2012 Wild Card
2013 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
2015 Wild Card
10–20
17–31
14–24
10–31
13–19
10–27
10–26
16–18
Raiders
Steelers
Jets
Texans
Texans
Chargers
Colts
Steelers
TBD

Cleveland Browns
7001170000000000000♠ 17 years
1969 Divisional
6
1969 NFL Champ.
1971 Div.
1972 Div.
1980 Div.
1982 1st Round
1985 Div.
7–27
3–20
14–20
12–14
10–27
21–24
Vikings
Colts
Dolphins
Raiders
Raiders
Dolphins
1986 Divisional

Dallas Cowboys
7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
1996
Div !1996
Wild Card
6.2 !6
1996 Div.
1998 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
2003 Wild Card
2006 Wild Card
2007 Div.
17–26
7–20
10–27
10–29
20–21
17–21
Panthers
Cardinals
Vikings
Panthers
Seahawks
Giants
2009 Wild Card

Denver Broncos
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1977
Conference
Championship
5.1 !5
1977 !Super Bowl XII
1978 Div.
1979 Wild Card
1983 Wild Card
1984 Div.
10–27
10–33
7–13
7–31
17–24
Cowboys
Steelers
Oilers
Seahawks
Steelers
1986 Divisional

Detroit Lions^
7001250000000000000♠ 25 years
1991
Divisional
9
1991.2 !1991 NFC Champ.
1993 Wild Card
1994 Wild Card
1995 Wild Card
1997 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
2011 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
2016 Wild Card
10–41
24–28
12–16
37–58
10–20
13–27
28–45
20–24
6-26
Redskins
Packers
Packers
Eagles
Buccaneers
Redskins
Saints
Cowboys
Seahawks
TBD

Green Bay Packers
005 (2 loss) streaks
7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1997 Conference
Championship
2.2 !2
1997.2 !Super Bowl XXXII
1998 Wild Card
24–31
27–30
Broncos
49ers
2001 Wild Card

7000200000000000000♠ 2 years
2001
Wild Card
2.3 !2
2001.1 !2001 Div.
2002 Wild Card
17–45
7–27
Rams
Falcons
2003 Wild Card

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
2003
Wild Card
2.4 !2
2003.1 !2003 Div.
2004 Wild Card
17–20 (OT)
17–31
Eagles
Vikings
2007 Divisional

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
2007
Divisional
2.5 !2
2007.2 !2007 NFC Champ.
2009 Wild Card
20–23 (OT)
45–51 (OT)
Giants
Cardinals
2010 Wild Card

7000200000000000000♠ 2 years
2012
Wild Card
2.6 !2
2012 Div.
2013 Wild Card
31–45
20–23
49ers
49ers
2014 Divisional

Houston Texans
7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
2012 Wild Card
2
2012.1 !2012 Divisional
2015 Wild Card
28–41
0–30
Patriots
Chiefs
2016 Wild Card

Indianapolis Colts
002 (5 loss) streaks
7001240000000000000♠24 years
1971
Divisional
5.2 !5
1971.1 !1971 AFC Champ.
1975 Div.
1976 Div.
1977 Div.
1987 Div.
0–21
10–28
14–40
31–37 (2 OT)
21–38
Dolphins
Steelers
Steelers
Raiders
Browns
1995 Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1995
Divisional
5.3 !5
1995.3 !1995 AFC Champ.
1996 Wild Card
1999 Div.
2000 Wild Card
2002 Wild Card
16–20
14–42
16–19
17–23 (OT)
0–41
Steelers
Steelers
Titans
Dolphins
Jets
2003 Wild Card

Jacksonville Jaguars
002 (2 loss) streaks
2 years
1996
Divisional
2.6 !2
1996.2 !1996 AFC Champ.
1997 Wild Card
6–20
17–42
Patriots
Broncos
1998 Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1999
Divisional
2.7 !2
1999.2 !1999 AFC Champ.
2005 Wild Card
14–33
3–28
Titans
Patriots
2007 Div !2007 Wild Card

Kansas City Chiefs
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1993
Divisional
8
1993.2 !1993 AFC Champ.
1994 Wild Card
1995 Div.
1997 Div.
2003 Div.
2006 Wild Card
2010 Wild Card
2013 Wild Card
13–30
17–27
7–10
10–14
31–38
8–23
7–30
44–45
Bills
Dolphins
Colts
Broncos
Colts
Colts
Ravens
Colts
2015 Wild Card

Los Angeles Chargers
7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
1994
AFC Championship
4.8 !4
1994.2 !Super Bowl XXIX
1995 Wild Card
2004 Wild Card
2006 Div.
26–49
20–35
17–20 (OT)
21–24
49ers
Colts
Jets
Patriots
2007 Div !2007 Wild Card

Los Angeles Rams
7001230000000000000♠ 23 years
1951
Championship
5.5 !5
1952 Nat. Conf.
1955 NFL Champ.
1967 NFL W Conf.
1969 NFL W Conf.
1973 Div.
21–31
14–38
7–28
20–23
16–27
Lions
Browns
Packers
Vikings
Cowboys
1974 Divisional

Miami Dolphins
002 (4 loss) streaks
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1973
Super Bowl
4.5 !4
1974 Div.
1978 Wild Card
1979 Div.
1981 Div.
26–28
9–17
14–34
38–41 (OT)
Raiders
Oilers
Steelers
Chargers
1982 First Round

7001160000000000000♠ 16 years
2000
Wild Card
4.9 !4
2000 Div.
2001 Wild Card
2008 Wild Card
2016 Wild Card
0–27
3–20
9–27
12–30
Raiders
Ravens
Ravens
Steelers
TBD

Minnesota Vikings
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1988
Wild Card
6.3 !6
1988 Div.
1989 Div.
1992 Wild Card
1993 Wild Card
1994 Wild Card
1996 Wild Card
9–34
13–41
7–24
10–17
18–35
15–45
49ers
49ers
Redskins
Giants
Bears
Cowboys
1997 Wild Card

New England Patriots
7001220000000000000♠ 22 years
1963
Divisional
4.6 !4
1963 AFL Champ.
1976 Div.
1978 Div.
1982 1st Round
10–51
21–24
14–31
13–28
Chargers
Raiders
Oilers
Dolphins
1985 Wild Card

New Orleans Saints
7001320000000000000♠ 32 years
1967 Enfranchised
No Playoff
Wins
till 2000
4.7 !4
1987 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
1991 Wild Card
1992 Wild Card
10–44
6–16
20–27
20–36
Vikings
Bears
Falcons
Eagles
2000 Wild Card

New York Giants
7001180000000000000♠ 18 years
1938
Championship
6.4 !6
1939 NFL Champ.
1941 NFL Champ.
1943 East Div.
1944 NFL Champ.
1946 NFL Champ.
1950 Am. Conf.
0–27
9–37
0–28
7–14
14–24
3–8
Packers
Bears
Redskins
Packers
Bears
Browns
1956 Championship

New York Jets
005 (2 loss) streaks
7001140000000000000♠ 14 years
1968
Super Bowl III
2.8 !2
1969 AFL Div.
1981 Wild Card
6–13
27–31
Chiefs
Bills
1982 First Round

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1982 2nd Round
2.9 !2
1982.1 !1982 AFC Champ.
1985 Wild Card
0–14
14–26
Dolphins
Patriots
1986 Wild Card

7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1986 Wild Card
2.91 !2
1986 Div.
1991 Wild Card
20–23 (2 OT)
10–17
Browns
Oilers
1998 World !1998 Divisional

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1998 Divisional
2.92 !2
1998.1 !1998 AFC Champ.
2001 Wild Card
10–23
24–38
Broncos
Raiders
2002 Div !2002 Wild Card

7000500000000000000♠ 5 years
2004
Wild Card
2.93 !2
2004.1 !2004 Divisional
2006 Wild Card
17–20 (OT)
16–37
Steelers
Patriots
2009 Wild Card

Oakland Raiders
004 (2 loss) streaks
7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1970
Divisional
2.94 !2
1970 AFC Champ.
1972 Div.
17–27
7–13
Colts
Steelers
1973 Divisional

7000700000000000000♠ 7 years
1983
Super Bowl XVIII
2.95 !2
1984 Wild Card
1985 Div.
7–13
20–27
Seahawks
Patriots
1990 Divisional

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1990 Divisional
2.96 !2
1990.2 !1990 AFC Champ.
1991 Wild Card
3–51
6–10
Bills
Chiefs
1993 Wild Card

7001140000000000000♠ 14 years
2002 AFC Championship
2.96 !2
1990.2 !Super Bowl XXXVIII
2016 Wild Card
24-41
14-27
Bucs
Texans
TBD

Philadelphia Eagles
7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1980
Conference
Championship
5.4 !5
1980.1 !Super Bowl XV
1981 Wild Card
1988 Div.
1989 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
10–27
21–27
12–20
7–21
6–20
Raiders
Giants
Bears
Rams
Redskins
1992 Wild Card

Pittsburgh Steelers
002 (3 loss) streaks
7000500000000000000♠ 5 years
1989
Wild Card
3.3 !3
1989.1 !1989 Div.
1992 Div.
1993 Wild Card
23–24
3–24
24–27
Broncos
Bills
Chiefs
1994 Divisional

7000400000000000000♠4 years
2010 AFC Championship
3
2010.1 !Super Bowl XLV
2011 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
25–31
23–29
17–30
Packers
Broncos
Ravens
2015 Wild Card

San Francisco 49ers
7000400000000000000♠4 years
1984
Super Bowl XIX
3.4 !3
1985 Wild Card
1986 Div.
1987 Div.
3–17
3–49
24–36
Giants
Giants
Vikings
1988 Divisional

Seattle Seahawks
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1984
Su !1984
Wild Card
6.5 !6
1984.2 !1984 Div.
1987 Wild Card
1988 Div.
1999 Wild Card
2003 Wild Card
2004 Wild Card
10–31
20–23 (OT)
13–21
17–20
27–33 (OT)
20–27
Dolphins
Oilers
Bengals
Dolphins
Packers
Rams
2005 Divisional

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
002 (3 loss) streaks
7001180000000000000♠ 18 years
1979
Divisional
3.5 !3
1979.2 !1979 NFC Champ.
1981 Div.
1982 1st Round
0–9
0–38
17–30
Rams
Cowboys
Cowboys
1997 Wild Card

7000300000000000000♠3 years
1999
Divisional
3.6 !3
1999.3 !1999 NFC Champ.
2000 Wild Card
2001 Wild Card
6–11
3–21
9–31
Rams
Eagles
Eagles
2002 Divisional

Tennessee Titans^
004 (3 loss) streaks
7001170000000000000♠ 17 years
1961 AFL
Championship
3.7 !3[Hou]
1962 AFL Champ.
1967 AFL Champ.
1969 AFL Div.
17–20 (2 OT)
7–40
7–56
Chief !Dallas Texans
Raiders
Raiders
1978 Wild Card

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1988
Wild Card
3.8 !3[Hou]
1988 Div.
1989 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
10–17
23–26 (OT)
14–41
Bills
Steelers
Bengals
1991
Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1991
Div !1991
Wild Card
3.9 !3[Hou]
1991.1 !1991 Divisional
1992 Wild Card
1993 Divisional
24–26
38–41 (OT)
20–28
Broncos
Bills
Chiefs
1999
Wild Card

7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
2003
Wild Card
3.91 !3
2003.3 !2003 Div.
2007 Wild Card
2008 Div.
14–17
6–17
10–13
Patriots
Chargers
Ravens
TBD

Washington Redskins
002 (4 loss) streaks
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
1972
NFC Championship
4.9 !4
1972.2 !Super Bowl VII
1973 Div.
1974 Div.
1976 Div.
7–14
20–27
10–19
20–35
Dolphins
Vikings
Rams
Vikings
1982 First Round

7001110000000000000♠ 11 years
2005
Wild Card
4.9 !4
2005 Div.
2007 Wild Card
2012 Wild Card
2015 Wild Card
10–20
14–35
14–24
18–35
Seahawks
Seahawks
Seahawks
Packers
TBD

Team
Streak lasted
Last win
Games Lost
Playoff Games
Score
Opponent
Next win

text: Hou These three streaks occurred when the team was known as the Houston Oilers.

text: Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]

text:
Updated through the 2016 season.
Note that the NFL did not institute a permanent playoff tournament until 1967 and that the NFL Championship Game and any impromptu one-game playoffs (played only in the event of a tie atop the division standings) were the only postseason matchups in this era (the Bert Bell Benefit Bowl is considered an exhibition game for the purpose of this list).

text:
0^0
Denotes active streak

text:
No post season appearances

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

Washington Redskins
1946–1970
25

Arizona Cardinals
1949–1973
25

Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
24

New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
20

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
17

New York Giants
1964–1980
17

Buffalo Bills^
2000–2016^
17

Detroit Lions
1936–1951
16

Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
15

Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
14

Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
14

Cleveland Browns^
2003–2016^
14

Chicago Bears
1964–1976
13

Los Angeles Chargers
1966–1978
13

Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
13

San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
12

New England Patriots
1964–1975
12

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
12

Los Angeles Rams^
2005–2016^
12

New York Jets
1970–1980
11

Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
10

Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
9

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars^
2008–2016^
9

Tennessee Titans
1970–1977
8

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
7

Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
7

Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
6

Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
6

Baltimore Ravens
1996–1999
4

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

No post season victories

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season victories
Seasons

Arizona Cardinals
1948–1997
50

Pittsburgh Steelers
1933–1971
39

Detroit Lions
1958–1990
33

New Orleans Saints
1967–1999
33

Washington Redskins
1944–1971
28

Cincinnati Bengals^
1991–2016^
26

Indianapolis Colts
1972–1994
23

Los Angeles Rams
1952–1973
22

New York Giants
1959–1980
22

New England Patriots
1964–1984
21

Kansas City Chiefs
1970–1990
1994–2014
21

Buffalo Bills^
1996–2016^
21

San Francisco 49ers
1950–1969
20

Chicago Bears
1964–1983
20

Seattle Seahawks
1985–2004
20

Cleveland Browns^
1995, 1999–2016^
19

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1978
18

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1980–1996
17

Green Bay Packers
1945–1960
16

Tennessee Titans
1962–1977
16

Los Angeles Chargers
1964–1979
16

Miami Dolphins^
2001–2016^
16

Oakland Raiders^
2003–2016^
14

New York Jets
1969–1981
13

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977;
1979–1990
12

Dallas Cowboys
1997–2008
12

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars^
2008–2016^
9

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1968;
1989–1996
8

Carolina Panthers
2006–2013
8

Baltimore Ravens
2002–2007
6

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season victories
Seasons


document_title: Species

question_text: who was the first to describe that species is the unit of classification

root

text: Species

text: History[edit]

text: Classical forms[edit]

text: In his biology, Aristotle used the term γένος (génos) to mean a kind, such as a bird or fish, and εἶδος (eidos) to mean a specific form within a kind, such as (within the birds) the crane, eagle, crow, or sparrow. These terms were translated into Latin as "genus" and "species", though they do not correspond to the Linnean terms thus named; today the birds are a class, the cranes are a family, and the crows a genus. A kind was distinguished by its attributes; for instance, a bird has feathers, a beak, wings, a hard-shelled egg, and warm blood.  A form was distinguished by being shared by all its members, the young inheriting any variations they might have from their parents. Aristotle believed all kinds and forms to be distinct and unchanging. His approach remained influential until the Renaissance.[1]

tag: p

text: Fixed species[edit]

text: When observers in the Early Modern period began to develop systems of organization for living things, they placed each kind of animal or plant into a context. Many of these early delineation schemes would now be considered whimsical: schemes included consanguinity based on colour (all plants with yellow flowers) or behaviour (snakes, scorpions and certain biting ants). John Ray, an English naturalist, was the first to attempt a biological definition of species in 1686, as follows:

text: No surer criterion for determining species has occurred to me than the distinguishing features that perpetuate themselves in propagation from seed. Thus, no matter what variations occur in the individuals or the species, if they spring from the seed of one and the same plant, they are accidental variations and not such as to distinguish a species ... Animals likewise that differ specifically preserve their distinct species permanently; one species never springs from the seed of another nor vice versa.[2]

text: In the 18th century, the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus classified organisms according to shared physical characteristics, and not simply based upon differences.[3] He established the idea of a taxonomic hierarchy of classification based upon observable characteristics and intended to reflect natural relationships.[4][5] At the time, however, it was still widely believed that there was no organic connection between species, no matter how similar they appeared. This view was influenced by European scholarly and religious education, which held that the categories of life are dictated by God, forming an Aristotelian hierarchy, the scala naturae or great chain of being. However, whether or not it was supposed to be fixed, the scala (a ladder) inherently implied the possibility of climbing.[6]

text: The possibility of change[edit]

text: Faced with evidence of hybridisation, Linnaeus came to accept that species could change, and the struggle for survival, but not that new species could freely evolve.[7] By the 19th century, naturalists understood that species could change form over time, and that the history of the planet provided enough time for major changes. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in his 1809 Zoological Philosophy, described the transmutation of species, proposing that a species could change over time, in a radical departure from Aristotelian thinking.[8]

text: In 1859, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace provided a compelling account of evolution and the formation of new species. Darwin argued that it was populations that evolved, not individuals, by natural selection from naturally occurring variation among individuals.[9] This required a new definition of species. Darwin concluded that species are what they appear to be: ideas, provisionally useful for naming groups of interacting individuals, writing:

text: I look at the term species as one arbitrarily given for the sake of convenience to a set of individuals closely resembling each other ... It does not essentially differ from the word variety, which is given to less distinct and more fluctuating forms. The term variety, again, in comparison with mere individual differences, is also applied arbitrarily, and for convenience sake.[10]

text: Taxonomy and naming[edit]

text: Common and scientific names[edit]

text: The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous: "cat" could mean the domestic cat, Felis catus, or the cat family, Felidae. Another problem with common names is that they often vary from place to place, so that puma, cougar, catamount, panther, painter and mountain lion all mean Puma concolor in various parts of America, while "panther" may also mean the jaguar (Panthera onca) of Latin America or the leopard (Panthera pardus) of Africa and Asia. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together: the genus as in Puma, and the specific epithet as in concolor.[11][12]

text: Species description[edit]

text: A species is given a taxonomic name when a type specimen is described formally, in a publication that assigns it a unique scientific name. The description typically provides means for identifying the new species, differentiating it from other previously described and related or confusable species and provides a validly published name (in botany) or an available name (in zoology) when the paper is accepted for publication. The type material is usually held in a permanent repository, often the research collection of a major museum or university, that allows independent verification and the means to compare specimens.[13][14][15] Describers of new species are asked to choose names that, in the words of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, are "appropriate, compact, euphonious, memorable, and do not cause offence".[16]

text: Abbreviations[edit]

text: Books and articles sometimes intentionally do not identify species fully and use the abbreviation "sp." in the singular or "spp." (standing for species pluralis, the Latin for multiple species) in the plural in place of the specific name or epithet (e.g. Canis sp.) This commonly occurs when authors are confident that some individuals belong to a particular genus but are not sure to which exact species they belong, as is common in paleontology. Authors may also use "spp." as a short way of saying that something applies to many species within a genus, but not to all. If scientists mean that something applies to all species within a genus, they use the genus name without the specific name or epithet. The names of genera and species are usually printed in italics. Abbreviations such as "sp." should not be italicised. When a species identity is not clear a specialist may use "cf." before the epithet to indicate that confirmation is required. The abbreviations "nr." (near) or "aff." (affine) may be used when the identity is unclear but when the species appears to be similar to the species mentioned after.[17]

text: Identification codes[edit]

text: With the rise of online databases, codes have been devised to provide identifiers for species that are already defined, including:

text:
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) employs a numeric 'taxid' or Taxonomy identifier, a "stable unique identifier", e.g., the taxid of Homo sapiens is 9606.[18]
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) employs a three- or four-letter code for a limited number of organisms; in this code, for example, H. sapiens is simply hsa.[19]
UniProt employs an "organism mnemonic" of not more than five alphanumeric characters, e.g., HUMAN for H. sapiens.[20]
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) provides a unique number for each species. The LSID for Homo sapiens is urn:lsid:catalogueoflife.org:taxon:4da6736d-d35f-11e6-9d3f-bc764e092680:col20170225.[21]

tag: ul

text: Lumping and splitting[edit]

text: The naming of a particular species, including which genus (and higher taxa) it is placed in, is a hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships and distinguishability of that group of organisms. As further information comes to hand, the hypothesis may be confirmed or refuted. Sometimes, especially in the past when communication was more difficult, taxonomists working in isolation have given two distinct names to individual organisms later identified as the same species. When two named species are discovered to be of the same species, the older species name is given priority and usually retained, and the newer name considered as a junior synonym, a process called synonymisation. Dividing a taxon into multiple, often new, taxa is called splitting. Taxonomists are often referred to as "lumpers" or "splitters" by their colleagues, depending on their personal approach to recognising differences or commonalities between organisms.[22][23][17]

text: Broad and narrow senses[edit]

text: The nomenclatural codes that guide the naming of species, including the ICZN for animals and the ICN for plants, do not make rules for defining the boundaries of the species. Research can change the boundaries, also known as circumscription, based on new evidence. Species may then need to be distinguished by the boundary definitions used, and in such cases the names may be qualified with sensu stricto ("in the narrow sense") to denote usage in the exact meaning given by an author such as the person who named the species, while the antonym sensu lato ("in the broad sense") denotes a wider usage, for instance including other subspecies. Other abbreviations such as "auct." ("author") and "non." ("not") may be used to further clarify the sense in which the specified authors delineated or described the species.[17][24][25]

text: Mayr's biological species concept[edit]

text: Most modern textbooks make use of Ernst Mayr's 1942 definition,[26][27] known as the Biological Species Concept as a basis for further discussion on the definition of species. It is also called a reproductive or isolation concept. This defines a species as[28]

text: groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.[28]

text: It has been argued that this definition is a natural consequence of the effect of sexual reproduction on the dynamics of natural selection.[29][30][31][32] Mayr's use of the adjective "potentially" has been a point of debate; some interpretations exclude unusual or artificial matings that occur only in captivity, or that involve animals capable of mating but that do not normally do so in the wild.[28]

text: The species problem[edit]

text: It is difficult to define a species in a way that applies to all organisms.[33] The debate about species delimitation is called the species problem.[28][34][35][36] The problem was recognized even in 1859, when Darwin wrote in On the Origin of Species:

text: No one definition has satisfied all naturalists; yet every naturalist knows vaguely what he means when he speaks of a species. Generally the term includes the unknown element of a distinct act of creation.[37]

text: When Mayr's concept breaks down[edit]

text: A simple textbook definition, following Mayr's concept, works well for most multi-celled organisms, but breaks down in several situations:

text:
When organisms reproduce asexually, as in single-celled organisms such as bacteria and other prokaryotes,[38] and parthenogenetic or apomictic multi-celled organisms.[39][40][41] The term quasispecies is sometimes used for rapidly mutating entities like viruses.[42][43]
When scientists do not know whether two morphologically similar groups of organisms are capable of interbreeding; this is the case with all extinct life-forms in palaeontology, as breeding experiments are not possible.[44]
When hybridisation permits substantial gene flow between species.[45]
In ring species, when members of adjacent populations in a widely continuous distribution range interbreed successfully but members of more distant populations do not.[46]

text: Species identification is made difficult by discordance between molecular and morphological investigations; these can be categorized as two types: (i) one morphology, multiple lineages (e.g. morphological convergence, cryptic species) and (ii) one lineage, multiple morphologies (e.g. phenotypic plasticity, multiple life-cycle stages).[47] In addition, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) makes it difficult to define a species.[48] All species definitions assume that an organism acquires its genes from one or two parents very like the "daughter" organism, but that is not what happens in HGT.[49] There is strong evidence of HGT between very dissimilar groups of prokaryotes, and at least occasionally between dissimilar groups of eukaryotes,[48] including some crustaceans and echinoderms.[50]

text: The evolutionary biologist James Mallet concludes that

text: there is no easy way to tell whether related geographic or temporal forms belong to the same or different species. Species gaps can be verified only locally and at a point of time. One is forced to admit that Darwin's insight is correct: any local reality or integrity of species is greatly reduced over large geographic ranges and time periods.[51]

text: Aggregates of microspecies[edit]

text: The species concept is further weakened by the existence of microspecies, groups of organisms, including many plants, with very little genetic variability, usually forming species aggregates.[52] For example, the dandelion Taraxacum officinale and the blackberry Rubus fruticosus are aggregates with many microspecies—perhaps 400 in the case of the blackberry and over 200 in the dandelion,[53] complicated by hybridisation, apomixis and polyploidy, making gene flow between populations difficult to determine, and their taxonomy debatable.[54][55][56] Species complexes occur in insects such as Heliconius butterflies,[57] vertebrates such as Hypsiboas treefrogs,[58] and fungi such as the fly agaric.[59]

text:
Blackberries belong to any of hundreds of microspecies of the Rubus fruticosus species aggregate.

The butterfly genus Heliconius contains many similar species.

The Hypsiboas calcaratus–fasciatus species complex contains at least six species of treefrog.

text: Hybridisation[edit]

text: Natural hybridisation presents a challenge to the concept of a reproductively isolated species, as fertile hybrids permit gene flow between two populations. For example, the carrion crow Corvus corone and the hooded crow Corvus cornix appear and are classified as separate species, yet they hybridise freely where their geographical ranges overlap.[60]

text:
Hybridisation of carrion and hooded crows permits gene flow between 'species'

Carrion crow

Hybrid with dark belly, dark gray nape

Hybrid with dark belly

Hooded crow

text: Ring species[edit]

text: A ring species is a connected series of neighbouring populations, each of which can sexually interbreed with adjacent related populations, but for which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series, which are too distantly related to interbreed, though there is a potential gene flow between each "linked" population.[61] Such non-breeding, though genetically connected, "end" populations may co-exist in the same region thus closing the ring. Ring species thus present a difficulty for any species concept that relies on reproductive isolation.[62] However, ring species are at best rare. Proposed examples include the herring gull-lesser black-backed gull complex around the North pole, the Ensatina eschscholtzii group of 19 populations of salamanders in America,[63] and the greenish warbler in Asia,[64] but many so-called ring species have turned out to be the result of misclassification leading to questions on whether there really are any ring species.[65][66][67][68]

text:
Seven "species" of Larus gulls interbreed in a ring around the Arctic.

Opposite ends of the ring: a herring gull (Larus argentatus) (front) and a lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus)

A greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides

Presumed evolution of five "species"  of greenish warblers around Himalayas

text: Attempts at definition[edit]

text: Biologists and taxonomists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics. Early taxonomists such as Linnaeus had no option but to describe what they saw: this was later formalised as the typological or morphological species concept. Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test.[69][70] Later biologists have tried to refine Mayr's definition with the recognition and cohesion concepts, among others.[71] Many of the concepts are quite similar or overlap, so they are not easy to count: the biologist R. L. Mayden recorded about 24 concepts,[72] and the philosopher of science John Wilkins counted 26.[69] Wilkins further grouped the species concepts into seven basic kinds of concepts: (1) agamospecies for asexual organisms (2) biospecies for reproductively isolated sexual organisms (3) ecospecies based on ecological niches (4) evolutionary species based on lineage (5) genetic species based on gene pool (6) morphospecies based on form or phenotype and (7) taxonomic species, a species as determined by a taxonomist.[73]

text: Typological or morphological species[edit]

text: A typological species is a group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type), so that even pre-literate people often recognise the same taxon as do modern taxonomists.[75][76] The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (such as longer or shorter tails) would differentiate the species. This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory. However, different phenotypes are not necessarily different species (e.g. a four-winged Drosophila born to a two-winged mother is not a different species). Species named in this manner are called morphospecies.[77][78]

text: In the 1970s, Robert R. Sokal, Theodore J. Crovello and Peter Sneath proposed a variation on this, a phenetic species, defined as a set of organisms with a similar phenotype to each other, but a different phenotype from other sets of organisms.[79] It differs from the morphological species concept in including a numerical measure of distance or similarity to cluster entities based on multivariate comparisons of a reasonably large number of phenotypic traits.[80]

text: Recognition and cohesion species[edit]

text: A mate-recognition species is a group of sexually reproducing organisms that recognize one another as potential mates.[81][82] Expanding on this to allow for post-mating isolation, a cohesion species is the most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms; no matter whether populations can hybridize successfully, they are still distinct cohesion species if the amount of hybridization is insufficient to completely mix their respective gene pools.[51] A further development of the recognition concept is provided by the biosemiotic concept of species.[83]

text: Genetic similarity and barcode species[edit]

text: In microbiology, genes can move freely even between distantly related bacteria, possibly extending to the whole bacterial domain. As a rule of thumb, microbiologists have assumed that kinds of Bacteria or Archaea with 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences more similar than 97% to each other need to be checked by DNA-DNA hybridisation to decide if they belong to the same species or not.[84] This concept was narrowed in 2006 to a similarity of 98.7%.[85]

text: DNA-DNA hybridisation is outdated, and results have sometimes led to misleading conclusions about species, as with the pomarine and great skua.[86][87] Modern approaches compare sequence similarity using computational methods.[88]

text: DNA barcoding has been proposed as a way to distinguish species suitable even for non-specialists to use.[89] The so-called barcode is a region of mitochondrial DNA within the gene for cytochrome c oxidase. A database, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) contains DNA barcode sequences from over 190,000 species.[90][91] However, scientists such as Rob DeSalle have expressed concern that classical taxonomy and DNA barcoding, which they consider a misnomer, need to be reconciled, as they delimit species differently.[92] Genetic introgression mediated by endosymbionts and other vectors can further make barcodes ineffective in the identification of species.[93]

text: Phylogenetic, cladistic, or evolutionary species [edit]

text: A phylogenetic or cladistic species is an evolutionarily divergent lineage, one that has maintained its hereditary integrity through time and space.[94][95][96] A cladistic species is the smallest group of populations that can be distinguished by a unique set of morphological or genetic traits. Molecular markers may be used to determine genetic similarities in the nuclear or mitochondrial DNA of various species.[95][97][98] For example, in a study done on fungi, studying the nucleotide characters using cladistic species produced the most accurate results in recognising the numerous fungi species of all the concepts studied.[98][99] Versions of the Phylogenetic Species Concept may emphasize monophyly or diagnosability.[100]

text: Unlike the Biological Species Concept, a cladistic species does not rely on reproductive isolation, so it is independent of processes that are integral in other concepts.[97] It works for asexual lineages, and can detect recent divergences, which the Morphological Species Concept cannot.[95][98] However, it does not work in every situation, and may require more than one polymorphic locus to give an accurate result.[98] The concept may lead to splitting of existing species, for example of Bovidae, into many new ones.[101][102][103]

text: An evolutionary species, suggested by George Gaylord Simpson in 1951, is "an entity composed of organisms which maintains its identity from other such entities through time and over space, and which has its own independent evolutionary fate and historical tendencies".[72][104] This differs from the biological species concept in embodying persistence over time. Wiley and Mayden state that they see the evolutionary species concept as "identical" to Willi Hennig's species-as-lineages concept, and assert that the biological species concept, "the several versions" of the phylogenetic species concept, and the idea that species are of the same kind as higher taxa are not suitable for biodiversity studies (with the intention of estimating the number of species accurately). They further suggest that the concept works for both asexual and sexually-reproducing species.[105]

text: Ecological species[edit]

text: An ecological species is a set of organisms adapted to a particular set of resources, called a niche, in the environment. According to this concept, populations form the discrete phenetic clusters that we recognise as species because the ecological and evolutionary processes controlling how resources are divided up tend to produce those clusters.[106]

text: Genetic species[edit]

text: A genetic species as defined by Robert Baker and Robert Bradley is a set of genetically isolated interbreeding populations. This is similar to Mayr's Biological Species Concept, but stresses genetic rather than reproductive isolation.[107] In the 21st century, a genetic species can be established by comparing DNA sequences, but other methods were available earlier, such as comparing karyotypes (sets of chromosomes) and allozymes (enzyme variants).[108]

text: Evolutionarily significant unit[edit]

text: An evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) or "wildlife species"[109] is a population of organisms considered distinct for purposes of conservation.[110]

text: Chronospecies[edit]

text: In palaeontology, with only comparative anatomy (morphology) from fossils as evidence, the concept of a chronospecies can be applied. During anagenesis (evolution, not necessarily involving branching), palaeontologists seek to identify a sequence of species, each one derived from the phyletically extinct one before through continuous, slow and more or less uniform change. In such a time sequence, palaeontologists assess how much change is required for a morphologically distinct form to be considered a different species from its ancestors.[111][112][113][114]

text: Viral quasispecies[edit]

text: Viruses have enormous populations, are doubtfully living since they consist of little more than a string of DNA or RNA in a protein coat, and mutate rapidly. All of these factors make conventional species concepts largely inapplicable.[115] A viral quasispecies is a group of genotypes related by similar mutations, competing within a highly mutagenic environment, and hence governed by a mutation–selection balance. It is predicted that a viral quasispecies at a low but evolutionarily neutral and highly connected (that is, flat) region in the fitness landscape will outcompete a quasispecies located at a higher but narrower fitness peak in which the surrounding mutants are unfit, "the quasispecies effect" or the "survival of the flattest". There is no suggestion that a viral quasispecies resembles a traditional biological species.[116][117][118]

text: Change[edit]

text: Species are subject to change, whether by evolving into new species,[119] exchanging genes with other species,[120] merging with other species or by becoming extinct.[121]

text: Speciation[edit]

text: The evolutionary process by which biological populations evolve to become distinct or reproductively isolated as species is called speciation.[122][123] Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book The Origin of Species.[124] Speciation depends on a measure of reproductive isolation, a reduced gene flow. This occurs most easily in allopatric speciation, where populations are separated geographically and can diverge gradually as mutations accumulate. Reproductive isolation is threatened by hybridisation, but this can be selected against once a pair of populations have incompatible alleles of the same gene, as described in the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model.[119] A different mechanism, phyletic speciation, involves one lineage gradually changing over time into a new and distinct form, without increasing the number of resultant species.[125]

text: Exchange of genes between species[edit]

text: Horizontal gene transfer between organisms of different species, either through hybridisation, antigenic shift, or reassortment, is sometimes an important source of genetic variation. Viruses can transfer genes between species. Bacteria can exchange plasmids with bacteria of other species, including some apparently distantly related ones in different phylogenetic domains, making analysis of their relationships difficult, and weakening the concept of a bacterial species.[126][48][127][120]

text: Louis-Marie Bobay and Howard Ochman suggest, based on analysis of the genomes of many types of bacteria, that they can often be grouped "into communities that regularly swap genes", in much the same way that plants and animals can be grouped into reproductively isolated breeding populations. Bacteria may thus form species, analogous to Mayr's biological species concept, consisting of asexually reproducing populations that exchange genes by homologous recombination.[128][129]

text: Extinction[edit]

text: A species is extinct when the last individual of that species dies, but it may be functionally extinct well before that moment. It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth, some five billion species, are now extinct. Some of these were in mass extinctions such as those at the ends of the Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous periods. Mass extinctions had a variety of causes including volcanic activity, climate change, and changes in oceanic and atmospheric chemistry, and they in turn had major effects on Earth's ecology, atmosphere, land surface, and waters.[130][131] Another form of extinction is through the assimilation of one species by another through hybridization. The resulting single species has been termed as a "compilospecies".[132]

text: Practical implications[edit]

text: Biologists and conservationists need to categorise and identify organisms in the course of their work. Difficulty assigning organisms reliably to a species constitutes a threat to the validity of research results, for example making measurements of how abundant a species is in an ecosystem moot. Paul Michael-Agapow and colleagues found that surveys using a phylogenetic species concept reported 48% more species and accordingly smaller populations and ranges than those using nonphylogenetic concepts; they note that this "taxonomic inflation"[133] could cause a false appearance of change to the number of endangered species and consequent political and practical difficulties.[134][135] The evolutionary biologist Jody Hey observes that there is an inherent conflict between the desire to understand the processes of speciation and the need to identify and to categorise.[135] Conservation laws in many countries make special provisions to prevent species from going extinct. Hybridization zones between two species, one that is protected and one that is not, have sometimes led to conflicts between lawmakers, land owners and conservationists. One of the classic cases in North America is that of the protected northern spotted owl which hybridizes with the unprotected California spotted owl and the barred owl; this has led to legal debates.[136]

text: The botanist Brent D. Mishler states that the species problem is created by the many ways that people want to use the species category, but argues that the solution is to abandon the traditional ranks and just use monophyletic groups of different inclusivess. A species is then "simply the least inclusive taxon" of whatever type. He argues that ecology, evolution, and conservation work are all better served by this approach. Since in his view species are not comparable, counting them is not a valid measure of biodiversity, and he calls for new ways to measure it, noting that other authors such as R. I. Vane-Wright and colleagues[137] have proposed quantitative measures for phylogenetic biodiversity that make use of "the number of branch points, and possibly branch lengths, separating the tips on the tree".[138]


document_title: List of Wimbledon singles finalists during the open era

question_text: last american man to play in wimbledon final

text: Gentlemen[edit]

text: During the 51 times that this tournament has been held in the open era, 40 men have reached the Wimbledon gentlemen's singles final.[2] The final has included men from 18 different nationalities.[2] The most represented nations are the United States and Australia with Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, and Serbia represented to a lesser extent.[2]

text: * = Champion

text:
Player

Nationality

Finals

Win-Loss

Year(s)

Roger Federer

  Switzerland

11

8–3

2003*, 2004*, 2005*, 2006*, 2007*, 2008, 2009*, 2012*, 2014, 2015, 2017*

Pete Sampras

 United States

7

7–0

1993*, 1994*, 1995*, 1997*, 1998*, 1999*, 2000*

Boris Becker

 Germany

7

3–4

1985*, 1986*, 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1991, 1995

Björn Borg

 Sweden

6

5–1

1976*, 1977*, 1978*, 1979*, 1980*, 1981

Jimmy Connors

 United States

6

2–4

1974*, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1982*, 1984

Novak Djokovic

 Serbia

5

4–1

2011*, 2013, 2014*, 2015*, 2018*

John McEnroe

 United States

5

3–2

1980, 1981*, 1982, 1983*, 1984*

Rafael Nadal

 Spain

5

2–3

2006, 2007, 2008*, 2010*, 2011

Goran Ivanišević

 Croatia

4

1–3

1992, 1994, 1998, 2001*

John Newcombe

 Australia

3

2–1

1969, 1970*, 1971*

Stefan Edberg

 Sweden

3

2–1

1988*, 1989, 1990*

Andy Murray

 United Kingdom

3

2–1

2012, 2013*, 2016*

Andy Roddick

 United States

3

0–3

2004, 2005, 2009

Rod Laver

 Australia

2

2–0

1968*, 1969*

Stan Smith

 United States

2

1–1

1971, 1972*

Andre Agassi

 United States

2

1–1

1992*, 1999

Ken Rosewall

 Australia

2

0–2

1970, 1974

Ilie Năstase

 Romania

2

0–2

1972, 1976

Ivan Lendl

 Czechoslovakia

2

0–2

1986, 1987

Patrick Rafter

 Australia

2

0–2

2000, 2001

Jan Kodeš

 Czechoslovakia

1

1–0

1973*

Arthur Ashe

 United States

1

1–0

1975*

Pat Cash

 Australia

1

1–0

1987*

Michael Stich

 Germany

1

1–0

1991*

Richard Krajicek

 Netherlands

1

1–0

1996*

Lleyton Hewitt

 Australia

1

1–0

2002*

Tony Roche

 Australia

1

0–1

1968

Alex Metreveli

 Soviet Union

1

0–1

1973

Roscoe Tanner

 United States

1

0–1

1979

Chris Lewis

 New Zealand

1

0–1

1983

Kevin Curren

 United States

1

0–1

1985

Jim Courier

 United States

1

0–1

1993

MaliVai Washington

 United States

1

0–1

1996

Cédric Pioline

 France

1

0–1

1997

David Nalbandian

 Argentina

1

0–1

2002

Mark Philippoussis

 Australia

1

0–1

2003

Tomáš Berdych

 Czech Republic

1

0–1

2010

Milos Raonic

 Canada

1

0–1

2016

Marin Čilić

 Croatia

1

0–1

2017

Kevin Anderson

 South Africa

1

0–1

2018

tag: table

text: Most recent final[edit]

text:
Year

Nationality

Winner

Nationality

Runner-up

2018

 Serbia

Novak Djokovic

 South Africa

Kevin Anderson

text: Multiple-time opponents in the open era[edit]

text:
Opponents

Record

Finals meetings

Most Wins

Most Losses

 Björn Borg
 Jimmy Connors

2–0

1977, 1978

 Björn Borg
 John McEnroe

2–1

1980 (Borg), 1981 (McEnroe)

 Jimmy Connors vs  John McEnroe

1–1

1982 (Connors), 1984 (McEnroe)

 Stefan Edberg
 Boris Becker

2–1

1988 (Edberg), 1989 (Becker), 1990 (Edberg)

 Pete Sampras
 Goran Ivanišević

2–0

1994, 1998

 Roger Federer
 Andy Roddick

3–0

2004, 2005, 2009

 Roger Federer
 Rafael Nadal

2–1

2006 (Federer), 2007 (Federer), 2008 (Nadal)

 Novak Djokovic
 Roger Federer

2–0

2014, 2015

text: Most consecutive finals in the open era[edit]

text:
Country

Player

Number

Years

Results

Won

Lost

  Switzerland
Roger Federer
7
2003–09
6
1

 Sweden
Björn Borg
6
1976–81
5
1

 United States
John McEnroe
5
1980–84
3
2

 Germany
Boris Becker
4
1988–91
1
3

 United States
Pete Sampras
4
1997–2000
4
0

 Australia
John Newcombe
3
1969–71
2
1

 Sweden
Stefan Edberg
3
1988–90
2
1

 United States
Pete Sampras
3
1993–95
3
0

 Spain
Rafael Nadal
3
2006–08
1
2

 Serbia
Novak Djokovic
3
2013–15
2
1

 Australia
Rod Laver
2
1968–69
2
0

 United States
Stan Smith
2
1971–72
1
1

 United States
Jimmy Connors
2
1974–75
1
1

 United States
Jimmy Connors
2
1977–78
0
2

 Germany
Boris Becker
2
1985–86
2
0

 Czechoslovakia
Ivan Lendl
2
1986–87
0
2

 Australia
Patrick Rafter
2
2000–01
0
2

 United States
Andy Roddick
2
2004–05
0
2

 Spain
Rafael Nadal
2
2010–11
1
1

 United Kingdom
Andy Murray
2
2012–13
1
1

  Switzerland
Roger Federer
2
2014–15
0
2

text: Bolded Years^ indicates Active or Current Streak

text: Ladies[edit]

text: During the 51 times that this tournament has been held in the open era, 35 women have reached the Wimbledon ladies' singles final.[3] The final has included women from 15 different nationalities.[3] The United States is the most represented by a large margin, with Australia, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, Spain, and France represented to a lesser extent.[3]

text: * = Champion

text:
Player

Nationality

Finals

Win-Loss

Year(s)

Martina Navratilova

 United States[B]

12

9–3

1978*, 1979*, 1982*, 1983*, 1984*, 1985*, 1986*, 1987*, 1988, 1989, 1990*, 1994

Serena Williams

 United States

10

7–3

2002*, 2003*, 2004, 2008, 2009*, 2010*, 2012*, 2015*, 2016*, 2018

Chris Evert

 United States

10

3–7

1973, 1974*, 1976*, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981*, 1982, 1984, 1985

Steffi Graf

 Germany

9

7–2

1987, 1988*, 1989*, 1991*, 1992*, 1993*, 1995*, 1996*, 1999

Venus Williams

 United States

9

5–4

2000*, 2001*, 2002, 2003, 2005*, 2007*, 2008*, 2009, 2017

Billie Jean King

 United States

6

4–2

1968*, 1969, 1970, 1972*, 1973*, 1975*

Evonne Goolagong Cawley

 Australia

5

2–3

1971*, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1980*

Jana Novotná

 Czech Republic

3

1–2

1993, 1997, 1998*

Lindsay Davenport

 United States

3

1–2

1999*, 2000, 2005

Petra Kvitová

 Czech Republic

2

2–0

2011*, 2014*

Margaret Court

 Australia

2

1–1

1970*, 1971

Maria Sharapova

 Russia

2

1–1

2004*, 2011

Marion Bartoli

 France

2

1–1

2007, 2013*

Garbiñe Muguruza

 Spain

2

1–1

2015, 2017*

Angelique Kerber

 Germany

2

1–1

2016, 2018*

Hana Mandlíková

 Czechoslovakia

2

0–2

1981, 1986

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario

 Spain

2

0–2

1995, 1996

Justine Henin

 Belgium

2

0–2

2001, 2006

Ann Haydon-Jones

 United Kingdom

1

1–0

1969*

Virginia Wade

 United Kingdom

1

1–0

1977*

Conchita Martínez

 Spain

1

1–0

1994*

Martina Hingis

  Switzerland

1

1–0

1997*

Amélie Mauresmo

 France

1

1–0

2006*

Judy Tegart Dalton

 Australia

1

0–1

1968

Olga Morozova

 Soviet Union

1

0–1

1974

Betty Stöve

 Netherlands

1

0–1

1977

Andrea Jaeger

 United States

1

0–1

1983

Zina Garrison

 United States

1

0–1

1990

Gabriela Sabatini

 Argentina

1

0–1

1991

Monica Seles

 Serbia and Montenegro[C]

1

0–1

1992

Nathalie Tauziat

 France

1

0–1

1998

Vera Zvonareva

 Russia

1

0–1

2010

Agnieszka Radwańska

 Poland

1

0–1

2012

Sabine Lisicki

 Germany

1

0–1

2013

Eugenie Bouchard

 Canada

1

0–1

2014

text: Most recent final[edit]

text:
Year

Nationality

Winner

Nationality

Runner-up

2018

 Germany

Angelique Kerber

 United States

Serena Williams

text:
Opponents

Record

Finals meetings

Most Wins

Most Losses

 Billie Jean King
 Evonne Goolagong Cawley

2–0

1972, 1975

 Evonne Goolagong Cawley vs.  Chris Evert

1–1

1976 (Evert), 1980 (Cawley)

 Martina Navratilova
 Chris Evert

5–0

1978, 1979, 1982, 1984, 1985

 Steffi Graf
 Martina Navratilova

2–1

1987 (Navratilova), 1988 (Graf), 1989 (Graf)

 Steffi Graf
 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario

2–0

1995, 1996

 Venus Williams
 Lindsay Davenport

2–0

2000, 2005

 Serena Williams
 Venus Williams

3–1

2002 (Serena), 2003 (Serena), 2008 (Venus), 2009 (Serena)

 Serena Williams vs.  Angelique Kerber

1–1

2016 (Williams), 2018 (Kerber)

text:
Country

Player

Number

Years

Results

Won

Lost

 United States
Martina Navratilova
9
1982–90
7
2

 United States
Chris Evert
5
1978–82
1
4

 United States
Venus Williams
4
2000–03
2
2

 United States
Billie Jean King
3
1968–70
1
2

 Germany
Steffi Graf
3
1987–89
2
1

 Germany
Steffi Graf
3
1991–93
3
0

 United States
Serena Williams
3
2002–04
2
1

 United States
Venus Williams
3
2007–09
2
1

 United States
Serena Williams
3
2008–10
2
1

 Australia
Margaret Court
2
1970–71
1
1

 Australia
Evonne Goolagong Cawley
2
1971–72
1
1

 United States
Billie Jean King
2
1972–73
2
0

 United States
Chris Evert
2
1973–74
1
1

 Australia
Evonne Goolagong Cawley
2
1975–76
0
2

 United States
Martina Navratilova
2
1978–79
2
0

 United States
Chris Evert
2
1984–85
0
2

 Germany
Steffi Graf
2
1995–96
2
0

 Spain
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
2
1995–96
0
2

 Czech Republic
Jana Novotná
2
1997–98
1
1

 United States
Lindsay Davenport
2
1999–2000
1
1

 United States
Serena Williams
2
2015–16
2
0


document_title: We have met the enemy

question_text: who said the quote we have met the enemy and he is us

text: We have met the enemy

text: We have met the enemy may refer to:

text:
We have met the enemy and they are ours, part of a message from American naval officer Oliver Hazard Perry in 1813 after defeating and capturing British Royal Navy ships in the Battle of Lake Erie
We have met the enemy and he is us, Pogo creator Walt Kelly's 20th century parody of Perry's quote

text: Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titlesThis disambiguation page lists  articles associated with the title We have met the enemy.  If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

text: Disambiguation pages

text: Disambiguation pages with short descriptionAll article disambiguation pagesAll disambiguation pages


document_title: Valley of the Dolls

question_text: who is valley of the dolls based on

question_tokens: who is valley of the dolls based on

text: Valley of the Dolls

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: The novel tells the story of three young women who become fast friends in the turbulent post-war worlds of Broadway and Hollywood: Anne Welles, a reserved New England beauty who sees New York as the romantic city of her dreams; Neely O'Hara, an ebullient vaudevillian with a talent she doesn't fully understand; and Jennifer North, a sweet-natured showgirl who wants only to be loved. As life becomes difficult, each woman grows increasingly dependent on "dolls", the amphetamines and barbiturates which, for a time, seem to help.

text: Crossing their paths are such people as Helen Lawson, a brilliant, but ruthless, Broadway legend; Lyon Burke, a magnetic, but self-centered, theatrical attorney; Tony Polar, a child-like, but sexually aggressive, pop singer; Kevin Gillmore, a powerful, but lovesick, cosmetics tycoon; and Ted Casablanca, a potent, but opportunistic, fashion designer.

text: Over the course of twenty eventful years (1945–1965), each of the women strives to ascend the Mount Everest of her dreams, only to find herself back in the valley of the dolls.

text: Background[edit]

text: Susann had apparently been thinking about the novel for some time. Some years earlier, she had begun a show business novel, Underneath the Pancake, with her friend, actress Beatrice Cole (c. 1910–1999).[4] Later, she considered writing a novel about drug usage in show business to be called The Pink Dolls.[5]

text: Valley of the Dolls is widely considered to be a roman à clef, with its characters based on such famous figures as Judy Garland, Carole Landis, Dean Martin, and Ethel Merman.[6] In 1973, after publication of her third novel, Susann said, "They can keep calling it that [roman à clef]. It'll only make my books sell, I don't care."[7] Susann insisted that she began each book with a theme: "Then I start asking, what kind of a personality? And because I have a good ear, I unconsciously pick up certain people."[7]

text: Susann dedicated the book to her poodle, Josephine, and to her husband, Irving Mansfield.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The book was published by Bernard Geis Associates on February 10, 1966, and "took off like a Cape Canaveral space shot." [9]

text: Although Publishers Weekly, in an advance review, called the novel "big, brilliant and sensational" (if "poorly written"),[10] the book received largely negative reviews. Gloria Steinem panned the book in The New York Herald Tribune [11] as did the reviewer in The New York Times.[12] Time magazine called it the "Dirty Book of the Month", and said, "It might more accurately be described as a highly effective sedative, a living doll."[13]

text: Despite the poor reviews, the book was a commercial juggernaut. On May 8, 1966, in its ninth week on the list, the book reached #1 on the New York Times Best Seller List, where it remained for 28 consecutive weeks.[14] With a total of 65 weeks on the list, the book became the best selling novel of 1966.[1] By the time of Susann's death in 1974, it had entered the Guinness Book of World Records as the best selling novel in publishing history, with more than 17 million copies sold.[15] By 2016, the book had sold more than 31 million copies.[2]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: In 1967, the book was adapted into a film of the same name, directed by Mark Robson (Peyton Place), and starring Barbara Parkins (as Anne), Patty Duke (Neely), Paul Burke (Lyon), Sharon Tate (Jennifer), and Susan Hayward (Helen). The movie was written by Helen Deutsch (National Velvet) and Dorothy Kingsley (Seven Brides for Seven Brothers), and produced by Robson and David Weisbart. Reviews were scathing,[16] but the film was an enormous box-office hit, becoming the sixth most popular of the year with $44 million at the domestic box office.[17] Susann, who had a cameo as a news reporter, hated the film, reportedly telling director Robson that it was "a piece of shit."[18]

text: The novel was adapted for television in 1981 as Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls, a mini-series executive-produced by Susann's widower Irving Mansfield and directed by Walter Grauman. This version stars Catherine Hicks, Lisa Hartman, and Veronica Hamel. In 1994 a late-night, syndicated television soap opera, Valley of the Dolls, ran for one season and 65 episodes. The premise was a loose adaptation of the novel.[19] BBC Radio 4 broadcast a 15-episode dramatisation scripted by Yvonne Antrobus over three weeks in August and September 2005. It was part of the Woman's Hour programme's ongoing fifteen-minute daily drama slot,[20] and has been rebroadcast several times on BBC Radio 4 Extra in three 70-minute omnibus episodes.[21]

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game assists leaders

question_text: who had the most assists in a game

question_tokens: who had the most assists in a game

text: This is a complete listing of National Basketball Association players who have recorded 23 or more assists in a game.

text: 23 different players have recorded 23 or more assists in a game. It has occurred 39 times in the regular season and five times in the playoffs.

text: John Stockton has performed the feat the most times (10), followed by Earvin "Magic" Johnson and Kevin Porter (6).

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

Player's team lost the game

Min
Minutes played
Pts
Points
Reb
Rebounds

Stl
Steals
Blk
Blocks
Tov
Turnovers

Team FG%
Rest of team's field goal percentage (subtracting player's own shooting)

text:
Assists
Player
Team
Score
Opponent
Date
Min
Pts
Reb
Stl
Blk
Tov
Team FG%
Led the league in assists
Notes

30
Skiles, ScottScott Skiles
Orlando Magic
155–116
Denver Nuggets
000000001990-12-30-0000December 30, 1990
44
22
6
2
0
4
.574 (54–94)
No
[a]

29
Porter, KevinKevin Porter
New Jersey Nets
126–112
Houston Rockets
000000001978-02-24-0000February 24, 1978
48
14
5

.557 (44–79)
Yes
[b]

28
Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
Boston Celtics
173–139
Minneapolis Lakers
000000001959-02-27-0000February 27, 1959
45
31
5
–
–
–
.496 (62–125)
Yes
[c]

28
Rodgers, GuyGuy Rodgers*
San Francisco Warriors
109–114
St. Louis Hawks
000000001963-03-14-0000March 14, 1963
48
14
5
–
–
–
.588 (40–68)
Yes
[d]

28
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
Utah Jazz
124–102
San Antonio Spurs
000000001991-01-15-0000January 15, 1991
39
20
3
8
0
5
.543 (44–81)
Yes
[e]

27
Huston, GeoffGeoff Huston
Cleveland Cavaliers
110–106
Golden State Warriors
000000001982-01-27-0000January 27, 1982
46
24
1

No

27
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (2)
Utah Jazz
107–115
New York Knicks
000000001989-12-19-0000December 19, 1989
36
18
3
2
0
2
.582 (39–67)
Yes
[f]

26
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (3)
Utah Jazz
123–128
Portland Trail Blazers
000000001988-04-14-0000April 14, 1988
45
17
3
2
0
2
.566 (47–83)
Yes

25
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
New Orleans Pelicans
128–113
Brooklyn Nets
000000002017-12-27-0000December 27, 2017
30
2
7
1
0
3
.533 (48-90)
TBD

25
DiGregorio, ErnieErnie DiGregorio
Buffalo Braves
120–119
Portland Trail Blazers
000000001974-01-01-0000January 1, 1974
48
20
9

–

Yes
[g]

25
Porter, KevinKevin Porter (2)
Detroit Pistons
160–119
Boston Celtics
000000001979-03-09-0000March 9, 1979
37
30
3

Yes

25
Porter, KevinKevin Porter (3)
Detroit Pistons
105–116
Phoenix Suns
000000001979-04-01-0000April 1, 1979
46
13
3

Yes

25
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas*
Detroit Pistons
124–119
Dallas Mavericks
000000001985-02-13-0000February 13, 1985
41
23
5
2
0
5
.533 (48–90)
Yes
[h]

25
McMillan, NateNate McMillan
Seattle SuperSonics
124–112
Los Angeles Clippers
000000001987-02-23-0000February 23, 1987
41
8
8
1
4
3
.449 (44–98)
No
[i]

25
Johnson, KevinKevin Johnson
Phoenix Suns
107–95
San Antonio Spurs
000000001994-04-06-0000April 6, 1994
41
16
3
0
0
4
.535 (38–71)
No

25
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd*
Dallas Mavericks
136–133
Utah Jazz
000000001996-02-08-0000February 8, 1996
49
20
4
4
0
5
.591 (39–66)
No
[j]

24
Rodgers, GuyGuy Rodgers* (2)
Chicago Bulls
110–107
New York Knicks
000000001966-12-21-0000December 21, 1966

18

–
–
–

Yes

24
Porter, KevinKevin Porter (4)
Washington Bullets
119–114
Detroit Pistons
000000001980-03-23-0000March 23, 1980
44
12
1

.562 (50–89)
No

24
Lucas, JohnJohn Lucas
San Antonio Spurs
157–154
Denver Nuggets
000000001984-04-15-0000April 15, 1984
28
0
0
2
0
2
.641 (66–103)
No
[k]

24
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson*
Los Angeles Lakers
118–102
Phoenix Suns
000000001984-05-15-0000May 15, 1984
38
6
7
5
2
4
.586 (51–87)
–
[l]

24
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas* (2)
Detroit Pistons
126–128
Washington Bullets
000000001985-02-07-0000February 7, 1985
50
25
10
2
1
2
.495 (48–97)
Yes
[m]

24
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (4)
Utah Jazz
109–111
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001988-05-17-0000May 17, 1988
48
23
3
5
0
3
.515 (34–66)
–
[n]

24
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (5)
Utah Jazz
102–104
Houston Rockets
000000001989-01-03-0000January 3, 1989
45
26
1
6
0
1
.508 (31–61)
Yes
[o]

24
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson* (2)
Los Angeles Lakers
119–105
Denver Nuggets
000000001989-11-17-0000November 17, 1989
40
24
8
6
1
3
.533 (40–75)
No
[p]

24
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson* (3)
Los Angeles Lakers
118–121
Phoenix Suns
000000001990-01-09-0000January 9, 1990
45
24
6
2
2
4
.452 (38–84)
No
[q]

24
Sessions, RamonRamon Sessions^
Milwaukee Bucks
135–151
Chicago Bulls
000000002008-04-14-0000April 14, 2008
44:27
20
8
1
1
2
.573 (43–75)
No
[r]

24
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^ (2)
Boston Celtics
105–101
New York Knicks
000000002010-10-29-0000October 29, 2010
45:20
10
10
1
0
7
.506 (40–79)
No
[s]

23
West, JerryJerry West*
Los Angeles Lakers
143–133
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001967-02-01-0000February 1, 1967

24
6
–
–
–
.567 (51–90)
No
[t]

23
Porter, KevinKevin Porter (5)
Detroit Pistons
131–119
Houston Rockets
000000001978-12-27-0000December 27, 1978
41
20
3

Yes

23
Porter, KevinKevin Porter (6)
Detroit Pistons
113–124
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001979-03-30-0000March 30, 1979
43
15
3

Yes

23
Archibald, Nate "Tiny"Nate "Tiny" Archibald*
Boston Celtics
145–144
Denver Nuggets
000000001982-02-05-0000February 5, 1982
38
15
4

No
[u]

23
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson* (4)
Los Angeles Lakers
128–112
Seattle SuperSonics
000000001984-02-21-0000February 21, 1984
36
9
5
2
0
3
.628 (54–86)
Yes
[v]

23
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson* (5)
Los Angeles Lakers
130–126
Portland Trail Blazers
000000001985-05-03-0000May 3, 1985
41
13
7
1
0
6
.566 (43–76)
–
[w]

23
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson* (6)
Los Angeles Lakers
114–107
Dallas Mavericks
000000001988-04-20-0000April 20, 1988
42
8
10
0
1
8
.632 (43–68)
No
[x]

23
Lever, Lafayette "Fat"Lafayette "Fat" Lever
Denver Nuggets
139–121
Golden State Warriors
000000001989-04-21-0000April 21, 1989
42
15
13
5
0
1
.579 (55–95)
No
[y]

23
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (6)
Utah Jazz
107–104
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001990-04-12-0000April 12, 1990
44
15
4
3
0
3
.521 (37–71)
Yes
[z]

23
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (7)
Utah Jazz
105–95
Los Angeles Clippers
000000001990-12-08-0000December 8, 1990
41
27
3
4
0
1
.492 (31–63)
Yes
[aa]

23
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (8)
Utah Jazz
135–108
Golden State Warriors
000000001991-11-29-0000November 29, 1991
36
21
2
2
1
4
.608 (48–79)
Yes

23
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* (9)
Utah Jazz
120–106
Minnesota Timberwolves
000000001992-04-17-0000April 17, 1992
36
9
2
5
0
4
.569 (41–72)
Yes

23
Blaylock, Daron "Mookie"Daron "Mookie" Blaylock
Atlanta Hawks
139–118
Utah Jazz
000000001993-03-06-0000March 6, 1993
37
11
0
4
0
2
.545 (48–88)
No

23
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton* 10 !(10)
Utah Jazz
110–102
Portland Trail Blazers
000000001996-04-25-0000April 25, 1996
41
11
2
0
0
1
.581 (36–62)
–
[ab]

23
Van Exel, NickNick Van Exel
Los Angeles Lakers
95–82
Vancouver Grizzlies
000000001997-01-05-0000January 5, 1997
44
8
8
1
0
2
.500 (34–68)
No
[ac]

23
Tinsley, JamaalJamaal Tinsley
Indiana Pacers
110–103
Washington Wizards
000000002001-11-22-0000November 22, 2001
45
19
11
1
1
5
.541 (40–74)
No
[ad]

23
Nash, SteveSteve Nash*
Phoenix Suns
113–100
Los Angeles Lakers
000000002007-04-29-0000April 29, 2007
39:05
17
1
2
1
3
.493 (35–71)
–
[ae]

23
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^ (3)
Boston Celtics
105–103
San Antonio Spurs
000000002011-01-05-0000January 5, 2011
43:30
12
10
6
1
5
.615 (40–65)
No
[af]