document_title: List of Green Bay Packers players

question_text: who wore number 33 for the green bay packers

text: List of Green Bay Packers players

text: All-time roster[edit]

text:
Green Bay Packers players: A-D
Green Bay Packers players: E-K
Green Bay Packers players: L-R
Green Bay Packers players: S-Z

text: Current players[edit]

text:
Green Bay Packers roster

view
talk
edit

Quarterbacks

 8 Tim Boyle
 7 Brett Hundley
 9 DeShone Kizer
12 Aaron Rodgers

Running backs

34 Joel Bouagnon
33 Aaron Jones
40 Joe Kerridge FB
32 Devante Mays
88 Ty Montgomery
22 Aaron Ripkowski FB
30 Jamaal Williams

Wide receivers

17 Davante Adams
81 Geronimo Allison
89 Michael Clark
18 Randall Cobb
11 Trevor Davis
16 Jake Kumerow
82 J'Mon Moore
13 Colby Pearson
19 Equanimeous St. Brown
83 Marquez Valdes-Scantling
10 DeAngelo Yancey

Tight ends

86 Emanuel Byrd
80 Jimmy Graham
84 Lance Kendricks
-- Marcedes Lewis
46 Kevin Rader
48 Ryan Smith
85 Robert Tonyan

Offensive linemen

79 Kofi Amichia G
69 David Bakhtiari T
74 Byron Bell T
75 Bryan Bulaga T
60 Austin Davis C
54 Dillon Day C
70 Alex Light G
63 Corey Linsley C
61 Cole Madison G
64 Justin McCray G
72 Kyle Meadows T
68 Kyle Murphy T
77 Adam Pankey T
62 Lucas Patrick G
78 Jason Spriggs T
65 Lane Taylor G

Defensive linemen

90 Montravius Adams DE
97 Kenny Clark NT
76 Mike Daniels DE
95 Tyler Lancaster NT
99 James Looney DE
94 Dean Lowry DE
67 Conor Sheehy DE
96 Muhammad Wilkerson DE

Linebackers

49 Parris Bennett ILB
45 Vince Biegel OLB
42 Oren Burks ILB
91 Kendall Donnerson OLB
51 Kyler Fackrell OLB
93 Reggie Gilbert OLB
55 Naashon Hughes OLB
54 C. J. Johnson OLB
50 Blake Martinez ILB
58 Greer Martini ILB
52 Clay Matthews III OLB
98 Chris Odom OLB
53 Nick Perry OLB
59 Marcus Porter ILB
47 Jake Ryan ILB
56 Ahmad Thomas ILB

Defensive backs

23 Jaire Alexander CB
29 Kentrell Brice SS
44 Donatello Brown CB
21 Ha Ha Clinton-Dix FS
25 Marwin Evans SS
39 Demetri Goodson CB
36 Raven Greene FS
28 Josh Hawkins CB
31 Davon House CB
37 Josh Jackson CB
27 Josh Jones SS
20 Kevin King CB
41 Lenzy Pipkins CB
24 Quinten Rollins CB
26 Herb Waters CB
35 Jermaine Whitehead FS
38 Tramon Williams CB

Special teams

43 Hunter Bradley LS
 2 Mason Crosby K
 6 JK Scott P
57 Zach Triner LS

Reserve lists

Currently vacant

Rookies in italics
Roster updated May 25, 2018
Depth chart • Transactions
90 Active, Inactive
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Pro Football Hall of Famers[edit]

text:
26 Herb Adderly
3 Tony Canadeo
87 Willie Davis
Len Ford
75 Forrest Gregg
83 Ted Hendricks
38 Arnie Herber
30 Clarke Hinkle
5 Paul Hornung
36 Cal Hubbard
14 Don Hutson
74 Henry Jordan
Dave Robinson
2 Walt Kiesling
1 Earl (Curly) Lambeau
80 James Lofton
Vince Lombardi
24 Johnny "Blood" McNally
2 Mike Michalske
66 Ray Nitschke
51 Jim Ringo
15 Bart Starr
10 Jan Stenerud
31 Jim Taylor
Emlen Tunnell
92 Reggie White
24 Willie Wood
4 Brett Favre

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text:
#3 Tony Canadeo
#4 Brett Favre
#14 Don Hutson
#15 Bart Starr
#66 Ray Nitschke
#92 Reggie White

text: Packers Hall of Fame[edit]

text: First-round draft picks[edit]

text:
Russ Letlow – (1936)
Eddie Jankowski – (1937)
Cecil Isbell – (1938)
Larry Buhler – (1939)
Hal Van Every – (1940)
George Paskvan – (1941)
Urban Odson – (1942)
Dick Wildung – (1943)
Merv Pregulman – (1944)
Walt Schlinkman – (1945)
Johnny Strzykalski – (1946)
Ernie Case – (1947)
Earl "Jug" Girard – (1948)
Stan Heath – (1949)
Clayton Tonnemaker – (1950)
Bob Gain – (1951)
Babe Parilli – (1952)
Al Carmichael – (1953)
Art Hunter – (1954)
Veryl Switzer – (1954)
Tom Bettis – (1955)
Jack Losch – (1956)
Paul Hornung – (1957)
Ron Kramer – (1957)

Dan Currie – (1958)
Randy Duncan – (1959)
Tom Moore – (1960)
Herb Adderly – (1961)
Earl Gros – (1962)
Dave Robinson – (1963)
Lloyd Voss – (1964)
Donny Anderson – (1965)
Larry Elkins – (1965)
Jim Grabowski – (1966)
Gale Gillingham – (1966)
Bob Hyland – (1967)
Don Horn – (1967)
Fred Carr – (1968)
Bill Lueck – (1968)
Rich Moore – (1969)
Mike McCoy – (1970)
Rich McGeorge – (1970)
John Brockington – (1971)
Willie Buchanon – (1972)
Jerry Tagge – (1972)
Barry Smith – (1973)

Barty Smith – (1974)
Mark Koncar – (1976)
Mike Butler – (1977)
Ezra Johnson – (1977)
James Lofton – (1978)
John Anderson – (1978)
Eddie Lee Ivery – (1979)
Bruce Clark – (1980)
George Cumby – (1980)
Rich Campbell – (1981)
Ron Hallstrom – (1982)
Tim Lewis – (1983)
Alphonso Carreker – (1984)
Ken Ruettgers – (1985)
Brent Fullwood – (1987)
Sterling Sharpe – (1988)
Tony Mandarich – (1989)
Tony Bennett – (1990)
Darrell Thompson – (1990)
Vinnie Clark – (1991)
Terrell Buckley – (1992)
Wayne Simmons – (1993)

George Teague – (1993)
Aaron Taylor – (1994)
Craig Newsome – (1995)
John Michels – (1996)
Ross Verba – (1997)
Vonnie Holliday – (1998)
Antuan Edwards – (1999)
Bubba Franks – (2000)
Jamal Reynolds – (2001)
Javon Walker – (2002)
Nick Barnett – (2003)
Ahmad Carroll – (2004)
Aaron Rodgers – (2005)
A. J. Hawk – (2006)
Justin Harrell – (2007)
B. J. Raji – (2009)
Clay Matthews III – (2009)
Bryan Bulaga – (2010)
Derek Sherrod – (2011)
Nick Perry – (2012)
Datone Jones – (2013)
Ha Ha Clinton-Dix – (2014)
Damarious Randall – (2015)
Kenny Clark – (2016)


document_title: Aurora Teagarden

question_text: who plays john in the aurora teagarden movies

root

text: Aurora Teagarden

text: Aurora Teagarden book series[edit]

text:
Real Murders (1990)[1]
A Bone to Pick (1992)[2]
Three Bedrooms, One Corpse (1994)[3]
The Julius House (1995)[4]
Dead over Heels (1996)[5]
"Deeply Dead" in Murder, They Wrote (1997)[6]
A Fool and His Honey (1999)[7]
Last Scene Alive (2002)[8]
Poppy Done to Death (2003)[9]
All the Little Liars (2016) [10]
Sleep Like a Baby (2017) [11]

tag: ol

text: TV Adaptation[edit]

text: On June 4, 2014, author Charlaine Harris announced on her Facebook page that the Aurora Teagarden books would be adapted into a series of two-hour films, starring Candace Cameron Bure[12] and would air on the Hallmark Movies and Mysteries Channel.[13][14]

tag: p

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Candace Cameron Bure as Aurora 'Roe' Teagarden, a librarian in the small town of Lawrenceton who runs the Real Murders Club[15][16]
Lexa Doig as Sally Allison, a reporter with the local newspaper, Aurora's best friend, and a member of the Real Murders Club
Marilu Henner as Aida Teagarden, the town's real estate agent and Aurora's mother who disapproves of her daughter's involvement in solving murders
Bruce Dawson as John Queensland, an active member of the Real Murders Club who shares Aurora's passion to solve murders and later starts dating Aurora's mother
Miranda Frigon as Lynn Smith, a detective with the homicide division of the police force (later chief) who often finds Aurora annoyingly in the middle of her investigations
Peter Benson as Arthur Smith, a detective with the burglary division of the police force who is married to Lynn Smith and briefly dated Aurora
Yannick Bisson as Martin Bartell, a former CIA agent who moves to town, falls in love with Aurora, and goes on to date her

tag: ul

text: Characters[edit]

text: A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film.

text:
Character
Title

A Bone To Pick
Real Murders
Three Bedrooms, One Corpse
The Julius House
Dead Over Heels
A Bundle of Trouble
Last Scene Alive
Reap What You Sew
The
Disappearing Game

Aurora Teagarden
Candace Cameron Bure

Sally Allison
Lexa Doig

Lexa Doig

Aida Teagarden
Marilu Henner

John Queensland
Bruce Dawson

Arthur Smith
Peter Benson

Lynn Liggett-Smith
Miranda Frigon

Macon Turner
David Ingram

David Ingram

Dean Marshall

LeMaster Cane
Daniel Bacon
Julian Christopher

Lillian Tibbett
Ellie Harvie

Captain Burns
Craig March

Bubba Rankart
Dave Collette

Dave Collette

Dave Collette

Maisie Schlumper
Darla Fay

Darla Fay

Robin Daniels

Robin Dunne

Robin Dunne

Perry Dell

Scott Lyster

Scott Lyster

Officer Heard

Brad Harder

Brad Harder

Brad Harder

Martin Bartell

Yannick Bisson

Terry Sternholtz

Catherine Lough Haggquist

Catherine Lough Haggquist

Larry

Devon Alexander

Devon Alexander

Jason Dell

Keenan Tracey

James Rittinger

tag: table

text: TV Films[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
"Aurora Teagarden Mystery: A Bone to Pick"
Martin Wood
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
April 4, 2015 (2015-04-04)

Having inherited a large estate from a member of the now defunct Real Murders Club, Aurora Teagarden is mystified by a mere acquaintance's gift of money, jewelry, and a two bedroom house with a skull hidden in the couch. Did the old lady kill someone and leave Aurora to solve the mystery or was she being framed? Aurora must figure it all out before her ex-boyfriend Arthur, the police detective, and her new love interest Aubrey, the episcopal priest, figure out what she's up to.

2
"Real Murders: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Martin Wood
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)[17][18]

Local crime buffs meet monthly in the small town of Lawrenceton, Georgia to analyze famous murder cases. In this Real Murders Club, they get all too close a look as one of their members is bludgeoned in exactly the same manner as the crime to be discussed that night. Aurora Teagarden, the town librarian, is not only a member of the club, a suspect in the murder but also a potential victim as other murders follow - each mimicking a famous crime. Aurora must work quickly to discover which of her fellow sleuths is the killer.

3
"Three Bedrooms, One Corpse: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Lynne Stopkewich
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)

While Aurora Teagarden searches for her piece of the American dream, she decides to test the waters of the family business - real estate sales. Only thing is there's a dead body in the first house she shows to a businessman, Martin Bartell (Yannick Bisson) who is moving to town. When a second body shows up in another home, Aurora realizes there's more to the murders than she thought. Worried that the murderer could be one of the local real estate agents, Aurora recruits fellow Real Murders Club members John and Perry to help her with what turns into a case of art theft. She soon finds herself attracted to Martin who has also become a prime suspect on the police's list.

4
"The Julius House: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Terry Ingram
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
August 16, 2016 (2016-08-16)

Ever since she got a sizable inheritance from an acquaintance, Aurora has wanted to buy a house. Her mother, Aida Teagarden, is her real estate agent. Against Aida's advice, Aurora finds what she believes is the perfect house in the country, five miles outside of Lawrenceton. It is the infamous Julius House where the family of three (father, mother, and their teenage daughter) had disappeared into thin air four years ago. As she begins moving in, Aurora is drawn to the mysterious disappearance of the family and starts searching for clues in the house.

5
"Dead Over Heels: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Terry Ingram
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)

Aurora and Captain Jack Burns never saw eye to eye but when he winds up murdered, she can't help but get involved despite being told by several people to stay away. The Captain's wife, Bess Burns (Leah Cairns) is suspiciously composed in the aftermath while new detective Pete Lambert (Jim Thorburn) thinks Martin is involved in Burns' death. Aurora finds Bess' sister and her colleague at the library, Lillian, attacked in the library and suspects that Captain Burns was on a case that got him murdered. As Aurora begins digging into the murder, her house is broken into and someone mysteriously leaves her flowers and then a kitten. Tensions also rise between Aurora and Martin as they near one year of being together. Meanwhile, Aurora tries to set up Sally with Tim Prentiss (Jeremy Guilbaut), Martin's colleague from the CIA who has recently moved to town.

6
"A Bundle of Trouble: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Kevin Fair
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)

Regina, the long-lost niece of Aurora's boyfriend, Martin, turns up with a baby. Before Martin has a chance to reconnect with Regina, she disappears leaving a dead husband, Craig, on Aurora's balcony and her baby, Hayden, hidden in Aurora's bathtub. Aurora and Martin's investigation leads them to Regina and Craig's home in the neighboring town of Corinth, where Craig's parents and Regina's neighbors express bewilderment when told of Regina's newborn baby. Aurora works on balancing her relationship with Martin with her efforts to solve the murder of the baby's father and the disappearance of his mother.

7
"Last Scene Alive: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Martin Wood
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
January 7, 2018 (2018-01-07)[19]

Aurora's friend and mystery author, Robin Daniels, is back in town because his book is being made into a film. The lead character is based on Aurora herself, but the actress playing her, Celia Shaw, is found murdered in her trailer. Martin is suspicious of Robin who dated Celia Shaw briefly. Several others involved with the movie had their own problems with Celia. The plot thickens when the police find out that Celia was both poisoned and then clubbed since that made it obvious someone wanted to make sure she was dead. Meanwhile, since Jon moved away to be closer to his grandchildren, Aida gets friendly with the movie director. Another subplot has Martin preoccupied by the disappearance of his CIA partner, Rex, and leaves for South America at the end of the film to look for him.

8
"Reap What You Sew: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery"
Terry Ingram
Charlaine Harris and Teena Booth
April 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)[20]

When an old family friend, Poppy Wilson, returns to Lawrenceton, not everyone is happy. When Poppy is murdered, Aurora must face uncomfortable truths in order to get to the truth of who killed her.

9
"Aurora Teagarden Mysteries: The Disappearing Game"
Martin Wood
TBA
July 29, 2018 (2018-07-29)[21]

The disappearance of her nephew and his roommate, following the suspicious death of the roommate's girlfriend, spur Aurora on to investigate. As well as enlisting the help of her friends, she is also assisted by handsome college professor Nick Miller, who has recently moved in across the street.

text: Filming and Broadcast[edit]

text: The films in the series have been shot largely in Vancouver, British Columbia.[22]

text: The films are broadcast in the USA on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries. Channel 5 took over the broadcast rights for the series in the UK.[23]


document_title: I Saw What I Saw

question_text: grey's anatomy who killed the burn victim

question_tokens: grey 's anatomy who killed the burn victim

text: I Saw What I Saw

text: Plot[edit]

text: After victims burned in a hotel fire are brought to the hospital, Seattle Grace and Mercy West residents compete to get the best cases. Unexpectedly, a woman (Cathy Becker, played by Erinn Hayes) about to be discharged dies after a medical negligence mistake committed by one of the many surgeons who treated her. Chief Webber then starts a witch hunt to trace back the culprit and identify the cause of death. Each doctor gives his point of view of the chaotic scene that happened in the ER that day: Owen, Cristina, Bailey, Alex, Callie, Lexie, Charles, Jackson, April and Reed. The case of the patient then starts to be reconstructed. Her deep second degree burning, her chest pain, her pneumothorax and the cricothyrotomy Alex had to perform on her are exposed, as well as several other parallel storylines and medical cases linked to the fire.

text: Reed ultimately realizes that the mistake was committed by April, who forgot to check the patient's airways, already swelled by the smoke, after being distracted by a patient with an axe stuck in his chest. Richard then fires her. The residents are shown having various reactions, as some complain about the absurdity of April's mistake, while Cristina shows empathy for her former enemy. Derek then criticizes Richard, telling him he was initially responsible for the situation by setting chaos in the ER with the merger.

text: A subplotline of the episode includes Alex desperately seeking Izzie and calling her frequently to convince her to come back, even threatening to file a missing person report.

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2012)

text: The episode was written by William Harper and directed by Allison Liddi-Brown. David Greenspan edited the episode and Donald Lee Harris served as production designer.[1] Featured music included [...].[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The episode received positive reviews among television critics, and it outperformed the previous episode in terms of viewership. "I Saw What I Saw" was originally broadcast on October 22, 2009 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode was viewed by a total of 15.40 million people,[3] up 1.61% from the previous episode "Invasion", which garnered 13.79 million viewers.[4] In terms of viewership, "I Saw What I Saw" ranked first for the night, beating out CBS's Survivor, The Mentalist, and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.[3] In addition to placing at the top of the night for viewership, its 5.6/14 Nielsen rating ranked first in its 9:00 Eastern time-slot and the entire night, for both the rating and share percentages of the key 18–49 demographic, beating out Survivor, NBC's The Office and 30 Rock, and ABC's Flash Forward.[3] In comparison to the previous episode's rating, "I Saw What I Saw" showed an increase, with the former garnering a 5.0/13 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.[4]

text: BuddyTV gave a largely positive review saying, "Notice how good Grey‘s Anatomy gets when it focuses on the medicine and ignores people‘s drama?" That, in a nutshell, is what happened to Seattle Grace following the so-called invasion last week. It was an awesome episode. Flashbacks are made of win, especially when you sort of know the ending, and everything feels like a gradual build-up to it."[5]

text: The review posted on TV Squad[6] gave a mixed review, "There was a lot of potential that this episode could have gone with.[...] The thing about what made [...] the Grey's episode poor was the fact that in Grey's all perspectives were the same." A review posted on TVFanatic [7] says:"The question is whether it worked. We're going to go with a definitive yes ... and no."


document_title: Time on Our Hands

question_text: who played james turner in only fools and horses

text: Time on Our Hands

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The episode opens with a nervous Raquel planning the visit of her parents, James and Audrey, for dinner at the flat, and worrying about them meeting Del Boy for the first time. Del and Albert reassure her that they will help out. Del is still worried about Rodney after he and Cassandra had suffered a miscarriage two weeks previously, and Albert suggests that they come up with a "counter-worry" to take his mind off it, which leads to Del pretending to be ill, though Rodney barely notices.

text: Later that day, Rodney is cataloging stock in the Trotter's garage. Rodney wishes that something good would turn up in their lives. Del says that life is not like that. He picks out an old pocket watch to illustrate his point that their lives will not suddenly get better, out of the blue. Del tosses the watch onto a gas cooker.

text: Del and Rodney return to their block of flats but the lift breaks down. After being trapped in there for some time, the two brothers have a discussion about Rodney and Cassandra's miscarriage. A distraught Rodney confesses that he has spent too much time feeling sorry for himself since Cassandra lost their baby. Del tells Rodney that it is just a dropped stitch in life's tapestry, which their late mother Joan used to say whenever things went wrong. Rodney agrees and is finally at peace with the whole thing, and Del suggests to Rodney to go home and have a heart-to-heart with Cassandra. Once the conversation is over, Del successfully fixes the lift himself, and gets it working again. Only then does Rodney realise that Del had in fact tampered with the controls, in order to force Rodney to talk. The Trotter Brothers share a hearty laugh.

text: That evening, James and Audrey Turner, Raquel's parents, arrive for the meal, and all appears to be going well. However, whilst moving the coffee that Albert has prepared in the kitchen, Del realises that it is actually gravy, and thus Albert's "gravy" that they are pouring on their dinners is in fact coffee. The dinner ruined, all around the table politely mention that they are full up (apart from young Damien who exclaims, "this is horrible!"). When picking up his car from the Trotters' garage the following day, James – an antiques dealer – spots the old pocket watch. It is engraved "Harrison". After closer examination, he suggests that it may be the work of John Harrison, the man who designed and built the world's first successful maritime clock in the 18th century.

text: The watch is examined by experts, and all accept it to be the Harrison "lesser watch", a semi-mythical piece whose designs exist but it is unclear whether the watch was ever made. It goes to auction at Sotheby's and after hearing the opening bid of £150,000 (a full £110,000 higher than Del's highest estimate), Del promptly faints. After recovering, he and Rodney rush back into the auction room, with the bidding still going on. The latest bid is revealed to be £3,250,000, it then goes up to £3,500,000 (to which Del thinks is £350,000). It then goes up to £4,000,000 and Rodney, too, faints. It emerges that the final bid was at £6,200,000 (around £3,100,000 each). When Rodney re-reads the Sotheby's statement in the Reliant van, the two brothers begin whooping hysterically, rocking the van with their overjoyed lunacy as their millionaire dreams finally come true after 15 years of hoping.

text: Del and Rodney visit Boycie's car showroom and, unaware of their new fortune, he teases them about having their photograph taken next to one of his 1996 model Rolls Royces. Rodney, wanting to pay his older brother back for helping throughout his life (including getting over Cassandra's miscarriage), pays £70,000 for the car as a gift for Del, stunning Boycie into silence when he shows him proof of their new wealth. Later the Trotters visit The Nag's Head and receive a round of applause and standing ovation from all of the characters and pub regulars.

text: The final scenes, against a backdrop of the 1970 Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young hit "Our House", show the Trotters enjoying their new wealth. Del and Raquel move into a mansion while Rodney and Cassandra buy a luxury apartment on the banks of the River Thames and they buy Uncle Albert an expensive yacht, which he promptly crashes into a bridge on the Thames.

text: Del returns to their now empty flat in Nelson Mandela House, and recalls the memories from the flat over the years, hearing quotes from their mother Joan (from a specially recorded voiceover), their father Reg (from Thicker Than Water), and Grandad (from Big Brother). Rodney also returns, and Del reveals that he is already beginning to miss the old life as a market trader. Albert returns to the flat to get some of his belongings as well to have one last look, and the three leave, though not before Del has answered a call from Lenny Norris offering them 250 carpet steamers. Del is initially keen, but Rodney reminds his older brother that they are not in the business any longer. Del reluctantly tells Lenny that "Trotters Independent Traders has ceased trading."

text: They decide to walk to the local Chinese restaurant for a meal. As they set off, Del then states that rather than the end for them, it is only just the beginning as they should now invest their new money in the futures market (making one last claim that this was one of the many things his mother Joan said on her deathbed). The three continue to playfully argue about this as they walk off into an animated sunrise, as Del proclaims that it is their "big chance", and ending with the closing refrain: "This time next year, we could be billionaires!".

text: Public viewing[edit]

text: Only Fools and Horses was seen by 24.3 million viewers, the highest viewing record ever for a comedy in the UK.

text: Episode cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Role

David Jason
Del Boy

Nicholas Lyndhurst
Rodney

Buster Merryfield
Uncle Albert

Tessa Peake-Jones
Raquel

Gwyneth Strong
Cassandra

Roger Lloyd-Pack
Trigger

John Challis
Boycie

Kenneth MacDonald
Mike

Actor
Role

Sue Holderness
Marlene

Paul Barber
Denzil

Patrick Murray
Mickey Pearce

Jamie Smith
Damien

Michael Jayston
James

Ann Lynn
Audrey

Seymour Matthews
Auctioneer

Jotham Annan
Tony

text: Music[edit]

text:
Boyzone: "Together"
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young: "Our House"
Vince Hill: "Take Me to Your Heart Again"
Showaddywaddy: "Under the Moon of Love"
Showaddywaddy: "I Wonder Why"

text: Note: In the VHS and DVD versions, the track "Our House" is replaced by a cover version by Helen Reddy.


document_title: CONCACAF Gold Cup

question_text: who won the gold cup in soccer this year

text: CONCACAF Gold Cup

text: History[edit]

text: Championships before CONCACAF[edit]

text: Before the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) was formed in 1961, association football in the region was divided into smaller, regional divisions. The two main bodies consisted of the Confederación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Fútbol (CCCF) founded in 1938 (consisting of Central America and most of the Caribbean) and the North American Football Confederation (NAFC) founded in 1946 (consisting of the North American nations of United States, Mexico, Canada, and Cuba). Each confederation held its own competition, the CCCF Championship and the NAFC Championship. The CCCF held 10 championships from 1941–1961, Costa Rica winning seven (1941, ’46, ’48, ’53, ’55, ’60, ’61), and one each by El Salvador (1943), Panama (1951) and Haiti (1957). The NAFC held four championships in 1947 and 1949 and later, after 41 years of absence, in 1990 and 1991 for the North American zone as the North American Nations Cup with Mexico winning two (47 & ’49) and Canada winning one (1990) before the introduction of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. [3]

text: CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989)[edit]

text: CONCACAF was founded in 1961 through the merging of NAFC and CCCF which resulted in a single championship being held for the continent. The first CONCACAF tournament was held in 1963 in El Salvador with Costa Rica becoming the first champion. The CONCACAF Campeonato de Naciones, as it was called, was held every two years from 1963–1973. The second tournament was held in Guatemala in 1965 when Mexico defeated the host country in the final of a six-team tournament. The 1967 competition was held in Honduras and saw a third champion crowned, Guatemala. Costa Rica won their second title as hosts in 1969, knocking off Guatemala, while two years later, Mexico won their second championship as the tournament moved to Trinidad & Tobago, the first time in the Caribbean. In 1973, the tournament kept the same format of six teams playing a single round-robin, but there were bigger stakes attached: CONCACAF’s berth in the FIFA World Cup tournament in 1974. In Port-au-Prince, Haiti, the host country pulled off a shocking upset by winning the tournament and claiming a spot in the World Cup in West Germany.

text: With the Campeonato de Naciones doubling as the final World Cup qualifying tournament, the next two editions were held in Mexico City and Tegucigalpa, Honduras in 1977 and 1981, respectively. In each case the host country was crowned champion and earned a spot in the World Cup. In 1985 and 1989, the winner of the World Cup qualifying tournament was again crowned Confederation champion. Canada and Costa Rica were named champions in 1985 and 1989, receiving a trophy.[4][better source needed]

text: CONCACAF Gold Cup (1991–present)[edit]

text: In 1990, CONCACAF brought the CONCACAF Championship to an end and created the CONCACAF Gold Cup, with the USA hosting the first competition in 1991. The host country was the inaugural champion of the eight-team tournament. Mexico dominated the remainder of the decade, winning three consecutive CONCACAF Gold Cup titles in 1993, 1996 and 1998.

text: In 1996, the Gold Cup field included its first guest team, the defending FIFA World Cup Champions Brazil. Guests were invited to participate in the six Gold Cup tournaments from 1996 to 2005. Starting with the 2000 Gold Cup, the tournament field was increased to twelve teams and for the 2007 tournament, the Gold Cup again was contested exclusively by nations within CONCACAF.

text: The 2007 Gold Cup was contested in the United States where the hosts successfully defended their title beating Mexico in the final 2–1 in Chicago; Canada and Guadeloupe shared third place. Mexico won the 2009 Gold Cup by beating the United States 5–0. In the 2011 Gold Cup, Mexico defeated the USA 4–2 in the final while the USA won the 2013 Gold Cup by beating Panama 1–0.

text: Since the formation of the Gold Cup in 1991, the CONCACAF Championship has been won seven times by Mexico, six times by the United States, and once by Canada. Runners-up include Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, and Jamaica.

text: In January 2017, Victor Montagliani announced the expansion of the Gold Cup from 12 to 16 teams, starting with the 2019 tournament.[5]

text: Tournament results[edit]

text:
CONCACAF Gold Cup

Year
Host

Final

Third Place Match

Winner
Score
Runner-up
3rd Place
Score
4th Place

1991
Details
 United States

United States
0–0 a.e.t.
(4–3 pen.)

Honduras

Mexico
2–0

Costa Rica

1993
Details
 United States
 Mexico

Mexico
4–0

United States
 Costa Rica
 Jamaica
1–1
a.e.t. (1)

1996
Details
 United States

Mexico
2–0

Brazil

United States
3–0

Guatemala

1998
Details
 United States

Mexico
1–0

United States

Brazil
1–0

Jamaica

2000
Details
 United States

Canada
2–0

Colombia
Not Held

 Peru
 Trinidad and Tobago

2002
Details
 United States

United States
2–0

Costa Rica

Canada
2–1

South Korea

2003
Details
 United States
 Mexico

Mexico
1–0
a.s.d.e.t.

Brazil

United States
3–2

Costa Rica

2005
Details
 United States

United States
0–0 a.e.t.
(3–1 pen.)

Panama
Not held

 Colombia
 Honduras

2007
Details
 United States

United States
2–1

Mexico
 Canada
 Guadeloupe

2009
Details
 United States

Mexico
5–0

United States
 Costa Rica
 Honduras

2011
Details
 United States

Mexico
4–2

United States
 Honduras
 Panama

2013
Details
 United States

United States
1–0

Panama
 Honduras
 Mexico

2015
Details
 United States
 Canada

Mexico
3–1

Jamaica

Panama
1–1 a.e.t.
(3–2 pen.)

United States

2017
Details
 United States

United States
2–1

Jamaica
Not held

 Costa Rica
 Mexico

2019
TBA

TBD
-
TBD

TBD

text: (1) Costa Rica and Jamaica shared third place.

text: Teams in italics are guest nations.

text: Performance by country[edit]

text: The following table shows cumulative top four results for all editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. The Third Place column lists third-place match winners, and teams eliminated in semi-finals in years without a third-place match.

text:
Team
Winners
Runners-up
Third Place
Fourth Place

 Mexico
7 (1993, 1996, 1998, 2003, 2009, 2011, 2015)
1 (2007)
3 (1991, 2013, 2017)
—

 United States
6 (1991, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2017)
4 (1993, 1998, 2009, 2011)
2 (1996, 2003)
1 (2015)

 Canada
1 (2000)
—
2 (2002, 2007)
—

 Panama
—
2 (2005, 2013)
2 (2011, 2015)
—

 Jamaica
—
2 (2015, 2017)
1 (1993)
1 (1998)

 Brazil
—
2 (1996, 2003)
1 (1998)
—

 Honduras
—
1 (1991)
4 (2005, 2009, 2011, 2013)
—

 Costa Rica
—
1 (2002)
3 (1993, 2009, 2017)
2 (1991, 2003)

 Colombia
—
1 (2000)
1 (2005)
—

 Peru
—
—
1 (2000)
—

 Trinidad and Tobago
—
—
1 (2000)
—

 Guadeloupe
—
—
1 (2007)
—

 Guatemala
—
—
—
1 (1996)

 South Korea
—
—
—
1 (2002)

text: Records and statistics[edit]

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: In the United States, the CONCACAF Gold Cup airs on Fox Sports (since 2007) and Univision Deportes (since 2000). In Mexico it airs on Televisa and TV Azteca. In Canada it switched to TSN in 2017, after years on Sportsnet.


document_title: Emily Stewart

question_text: who played emily stewart on as the world turns

text: Emily Stewart

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (May 2009)

text:
Emily Stewart

Kelley Menighan Hensley as Emily Stewart

As the World Turns character

Portrayed by

Janine Sagan (1972–73)
Pat Reynolds (1973–75)
Jenny Harris (1975–79)
Marissa Morell (1979)
Colleen McDermott (1986–87)
Melanie Smith (1987–92)
Kelley Menighan Hensley (1992–2010)

Duration

1972–79
1986–2010

First appearance
April 1972

Last appearance
September 17, 2010

Created by
David Lesan and Irna Phillips

Introduced by

Fred Bartholomew (1972)
Robert Calhoun (1986)

Crossover
appearances
The Young and the Restless

Classification
Final, regular

Profile

Occupation
Owner and Publisher of The Intruder
Former Freelance journalist
Former Editor of The City Times
Former Executive at Walsh Enterprises
Former Executive at Montgomery & Associates
Former Employee at Fashions, Ltd.

Residence
Fairwinds
100 Stone Ridge Road
Oakdale, Illinois 60324

[show]Family

Parents
Dan Stewart
Susan Stewart

Siblings
Betsy Stewart
Alison Stewart (adoptive)

Spouse

Holden Snyder (1986–88)
Hal Munson (2002–05)
Paul Ryan (2006, 2009–)
Casey Hughes (2008)

Children
Unnamed child (miscarriage)
Alison Stewart
Lyon Hunter
Daniel Hughes
Jennifer Ryan (stillborn)

Grandparents
Tim Cole
Ellen Lowell Stewart
David Stewart (adoptive)
Fred Burke
Julia Burke

Aunts and uncles
Annie Stewart Ward
Dawn "Dee" Stewart
Paul Stewart (adoptive)

Nieces and nephews
Danielle Andropolous

First cousins
Gregoy Ward
Lowell Ward
Maria Ward
Nancy Ward
Stewart Cushing

text: Emily Ryan (maiden name Stewart; previously Snyder, Munson and Hughes) is a fictional character on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns. She has been portrayed by Kelley Menighan Hensley since July 1992. Ten years later, the actress received her first Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress.[citation needed] The character briefly appeared on the CBS soap, The Young and the Restless, on 23 March 2007, asking Amber Moore about information on her sister and biological daughter, Alison Stewart.

text: Brief character history[edit]

text: Emily Stewart is the daughter of Dan and Susan Stewart. They divorced soon after she was born. She went to live with her father, but after a custody battle between Dan and Susan, in which Dan won, she was back and forth between them. Emily's life wasn't very stable. Her mother was an alcoholic. When she was 8 years old, her father died. Susan and Emily left town. Emily came back to Oakdale when she was 17. A very young Emily found herself falling in love with James Stenbeck, and she became pregnant. She had already decided she wanted nothing more to do with James. Therefore, she had a brief relationship with Holden Snyder, and she led him to believe that the baby was his. Holden did the proper thing and married her. They divorced soon after she miscarried her baby, and Holden learned the truth.

text: Later, Emily met Brock Lombard, who was a mobster. At this time, Emily offered a summer job to a young Paul Stenbeck, who was the son of Barbara Ryan. One night, after she and Brock had a big argument, Paul stopped by her house. She was upset about the argument, and without thinking, she and Paul made love. Paul was a virgin. He developed deep feelings for Emily, and when his father, James Stenbeck, found out about the situation, he was furious with Emily. Paul came by and heard the argument between his father and Emily. Trying to protect Emily, he grabbed a gun and shot his father. Soon after, Brock reformed from being a mobster. Emily told Brock about the incident with Paul and his father. Brock forgave Emily and planned to be with her forever, when someone from the mob shot him. Brock was found dead.

text: Emily's mother, Susan, wanted to have a baby but was unable to conceive. Emily offered to donate her eggs so Susan could undergo artificial insemination. The procedure was successful and Susan gave birth to a daughter, Alison. It took awhile for Emily to be comfortable with the idea that Alison was her sister, not her daughter.

text: Emily met Diego Santana, but the affair was disastrous. She stumbled on some information that led her to believe that he was a mobster making some bad deals. When Diego found out that she knew, he raped her. Devastated, Emily learned to move on. Sometime later, Diego was shot by Kirk Anderson on the day he was to marry Lily. Emily had several relationships that just didn't work out. She tried too hard to make it work, but in the end, she was left behind.

text: Emily fell in love with Tom Hughes, who was married to Margo. Emily felt she could be a better wife and tried to break up his marriage to Margo. She was determined to destroy his marriage, and believed that she could get Tom to love her. She later realized it could never be and decided to get on with her life, when she finally realized Tom didn't love her. She became pregnant with Tom's baby and gave birth to a son, Daniel Hughes. Although this affair put tension on Tom and Margo's marriage, they soon patched things up.

text: Emily met Hal Munson. Hal's wife, Barbara, just left him for another man. His world was turned up side down. While dating, Emily went missing. After a long search, it was discovered that Emily, Carly Tenney and Rose D'Angelo were all kidnapped and taken to another country where they were injected with a serum that would quickly speed up the aging process. Once rescued, the girls looked three times their age. Luckily, Hal and the police department found the man in charge, and were able to convince him to give the girls a reverse serum. It worked, and their beautiful faces had returned. Hal and Emily's relationship led to marriage. They were happy for a couple of years, but Hal was at the police station most of the time and Emily became lonely, which led to attractions to others, and finally, their marriage ended.

text: Paul Ryan and Emily became involved in an intimate relationship. At one point, they were both locked up in jail for their involvement in switching Jennifer Munson's baby with Gwen Norbeck's. They decided to get married, and when Emily went to meet Paul to get married, he told her that he had changed his mind, and she didn't need to be with someone like him. As he turned to walk away, Emily shot him. Thinking that she had killed him, she tried to get rid of the body. When Paul came back to Oakdale, he won Emily over by telling her that he forgave her. At this time, Emily kidnapped Dusty Donovan, and in order to find him, Paul had to sleep with Emily. Finally, Dusty was found and Emily was sent to the psychiatric ward at Memorial. Emily found herself pregnant and was eventually released from the institution. Before her due date, Emily got caught in a bad storm at the Snyder farm with Meg, who was seeing Paul at the time. She went into labor and there was no way to stop the baby from being born. Meg helped her deliver a little girl. Her daughter died shortly after being born. Paul and Emily named her Jennifer.

text: During these dark times, Emily became a call girl for Cheri Love, believing she was worthless. Dusty Donovan found out about it and made her see the truth. She left prostitution. Around this time, she realized that Alison was in deep trouble. She was addicted to meth and was doing porn in Las Vegas. Emily and Dusty worked together to save Alison. They managed to get her back to Oakdale, off drugs and away from the porn career.

text: Emily began to have serious feelings for Dusty but it took him a while to get past her prostitute past. When he finally did, Emily learned that he and Alison had had sympathy sex in Las Vegas. She was crushed and left town.

text: Emily returned to Oakdale months later with Chris Hughes. They had a steamy relationship, but she wasn't in love with Chris she was only trying to get back at Dusty. Dusty and Chris butted heads from the moment he returns and on New Year's Eve, Emily couldn't deny her true feelings and had sex with Dusty in his car. She said it couldn't happen again and tried to keep the secret from Chris. Lily, who was having an affair with Dusty at the time, learned of Emily's prostitution soon after Dusty's death and outed Emily in an anonymous note left for Chris. He couldn't believe she had lied to him and ended their relationship.

text: Emily tried to make things right with Chris but he wouldn't even talk to her. Because of the situation, Emily became a suspect in Dusty's shooting and subsequent death. It was later learned that Colonel Mayer shot him and that Evan Walsh IV had killed him with an injection to keep him from telling the truth about a research project at the hospital.

text: Soon after this, Casey Hughes returned to town. He fell for Emily almost immediately but she tried to keep her distance from him. They wound up making love on a business trip to New York and from then on couldn't keep their hands off one another. Emily tried to end the relationship several times but couldn't. Margo found out about their relationship when she returned early from a weekend away. She threatened to kill Emily but Casey stepped between them. Margo, who found out about the prostitution, too, outed Emily to Tom and Casey. Casey already knew and didn't care but Tom was flabbergasted. He threatened to take full custody of Daniel. Casey managed to get through to him and he dropped the case at the last second.

text: Emily began to act strangely after a bottle of perfume was delivered to her office. Emily began acting strangely but Casey didn't catch on. She convinced him to elope with her but regretted the decision when the drugged perfume wore off. She said she wanted an annulment but then retracted the statement when she was dosed with more perfume. She and Casey became deathly ill because of the perfume but Chris' antidote saved their lives.

text: Their families finally began to accept Emily and Casey's relationship but Casey wanted more than Emily was ready to give. He was determined to have kids so she decided to have her tubes tied!


document_title: Brenda's Got a Baby

question_text: who is the actress in brenda's got a baby video

question_tokens: who is the actress in brenda 's got a baby video

text: Brenda's Got a Baby

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac.

text: The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that the girl has had virtually no education in her life, and calls this a "damn shame" because she has little hope of a future. Her family is very poor, and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that it would not matter to her family if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance.

text: Although she believes that her cousin (the father of her baby) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth to their baby on the bathroom floor. Brenda disposes of the baby by throwing it in a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears the baby crying. Her mother scolds her severely, and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home.

text: Brenda is now forced to live alone, and unsuccessfully seeks employment. Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery, and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive. This life path leads to her getting murdered. The fates of the other characters, such as her parents, her cousin, and the baby, are left unexplained. The final minute or so of the song consists of a chorus singing "don't you know she's got a baby" repeatedly.

text: 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called "Mama's Just a Little Girl". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and "Brenda" and then the actual story starts. Ethel "Edy" Proctor is the leading lady in the video.

text: The video begins with "based on a true story," although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a twelve-year-old girl getting pregnant from her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can.

text: Parts of the video were included in Tupac: Resurrection, a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel, in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, "All Eyez On Me," released June 16th 2017.

text: The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1991)
Peak
position

US Rap Singles (Billboard)[2]
3

US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[2]
10


document_title: Hollywood Walk of Fame

question_text: how much is it to get a hollywood star

question_tokens: how much is it to get a hollywood star

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: Description[edit]

text: The Walk of Fame runs 1.3 miles (2.1 km) east to west on Hollywood Boulevard from Gower Street to La Brea Avenue, plus a short segment of Marshfield Way that runs diagonally between Hollywood and La Brea; and 0.4 miles (0.64 km) north to south on Vine Street between Yucca Street and Sunset Boulevard. According to a 2003 report by the market research firm NPO Plog Research, the Walk attracts about 10 million visitors annually—more than Sunset Strip, TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's), the Queen Mary, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art—and has played an important role in making tourism the largest industry in Los Angeles County.[3]

text: Categorization[edit]

text: As of  2017[update], the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars,[1] spaced at 6-foot (1.8 m) intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass (not bronze, an oft-repeated inaccuracy[4]) inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background. In the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the lower half of the star field, a round inlaid brass emblem indicates the category of the honoree's contributions. The emblems symbolize five categories within the entertainment industry:

text:
Classic film camera representing motion pictures
 Television receiver representing broadcast television
 Phonograph record representing audio recording or music
 Radio microphone representing broadcast radio
 Comedy/tragedy masks representing theatre/live performance (added in 1984)

text: Of all the stars on the Walk to date, 47% have been awarded in the motion pictures category, 24% in television, 17% in audio recording, 10% in radio, and less than 2% in the live performance category. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year.[4]

text: Special stars[edit]

text: Special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees.[5]  For example, former Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley's star displays the Seal of the City of Los Angeles;[6][7] the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) star emblem is a replica of a Hollywood Division badge;[8] and stars representing corporations, such as Victoria's Secret and the Los Angeles Dodgers, display the honoree's corporate logo.[5][9] The "Friends of the Walk of Fame" monuments are charcoal terrazzo squares rimmed by miniature pink terrazzo stars displaying the five standard category emblems, along with the sponsor's corporate logo, with the sponsor's name and contribution in inlaid brass block lettering.[10][11]  Special stars and Friends monuments are granted by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce or the Hollywood Historic Trust, but are not part of the Walk of Fame proper and are located nearby on private property.[10][12]

text: The monuments for the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon are uniquely shaped: Four identical circular moons, bearing the names of the three astronauts (Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Michael Collins) the date of the first Moon landing ("7/20/69"), and the words "Apollo XI", are set on each of the four corners of the intersection of Hollywood and Vine. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, with the television emblem inlaid at the top of each circle.[13]

text: History[edit]

text: Origin[edit]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E.M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to "maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamour and excitement in the four corners of the world."[14]  Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account.[15] A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and an architectural firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, and plans were submitted to the Los Angeles City Council.

text: Multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. According to one, the historic Hollywood Hotel—which stood for more than 50 years on Hollywood Boulevard at the site now occupied by the Hollywood and Highland complex and the Dolby (formerly Kodak) Theatre[16]—displayed stars on its dining room ceiling above the tables favored by its most famous celebrity patrons, and that may have served as an early inspiration.[17] By another account, the stars were "inspired ... by Sugarman's [Tropics Restaurant] drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars."[15][18]

text: In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree (John Wayne, by some accounts[19]) inside a blue star on a brown background.[14] However, caricatures proved too expensive and difficult to execute in brass with the technology available at the time; and the brown and blue motif was vetoed by Charles E. Toberman, the legendary real estate developer known as "Mr. Hollywood", because the colors clashed with a new building he was erecting on Hollywood Boulevard.[14][20]

text: Selection and construction[edit]

text: By March 1956 the final design and coral-and-charcoal color scheme had been approved, and between the spring of 1956 and the fall of 1957, 1,558 honorees were selected by committees representing the four major branches of the entertainment industry at that time: motion pictures, television, audio recording, and radio. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant,[21] and included such prominent names as Cecil B. DeMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz.[14]

text: A requirement stipulated by the original audio recording committee (and later rescinded) specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement. As a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959.[22]

text: Construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting and trees. In October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal.[14] The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr., sought damages for the exclusion of his father, whose nomination had been withdrawn due to pressure from multiple quarters (see Controversial additions). Chaplin's suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project.[14][23][24]

text: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame,[25] in fact there was no "first" recipient; the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. Woodward's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction.[26][27][28]  The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look.[14] The other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence.[14][29] Official groundbreaking took place on February 8, 1960.[17] On March 28, 1960, the first permanent star, director Stanley Kramer's, was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower.[14][30] The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated, according to one source, because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers.[25]

text: Stagnation and revitalization[edit]

text:
Though the Walk was originally conceived in part to encourage redevelopment of Hollywood Boulevard, the 1960s and 1970s were periods of protracted urban decay in the Hollywood area as residents moved to suburbs.[31][32]
After the initial installation of approximately 1,500 stars in 1960 and 1961, eight years passed without the addition of a new star. In 1962 the Los Angeles City Council passed an ordinance naming the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce "the agent to advise the City" about adding names to the Walk, and the Chamber, over the following six years, devised rules, procedures, and financing methods to do so.[14]
In December 1968, Richard D. Zanuck was awarded the first star in eight years in a presentation ceremony hosted by Danny Thomas.[14][21][33]  In July 1978 the City of Los Angeles designated the Hollywood Walk of Fame a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.[34]

text: Radio personality, television producer and Chamber member Johnny Grant is generally credited with implementing the changes that resuscitated the Walk and established it as a significant tourist attraction.[21][35]  Beginning in 1968, he stimulated publicity and encouraged international press coverage by requiring that each recipient personally attend his or her star's unveiling ceremony.[21] Grant later recalled that "it was tough to get people to come accept a star" until the neighborhood finally began its recovery in the 1980s.[32] In 1980 he instituted a fee of $2,500, payable by the person or entity nominating the recipient, to fund the Walk of Fame's upkeep and minimize further taxpayer burden.[21] The fee has increased incrementally over time; by 2002 it had reached $15,000,[36] and stood at $30,000 in 2012.[4]  The current (2017) fee is $40,000.[37]

text: Grant was awarded a star in 1980 for his television work.[14]  In 2002, he received a second star in the "special" category to acknowledge his pivotal role in improving and popularizing the Walk.[38] He was also named chairman of the Selection Committee and Honorary Mayor of Hollywood (a ceremonial position previously held by Art Linkletter and Monty Hall,[39][40] among others).[14][38] He remained in both offices from 1980 until his death in 2008 and hosted the great majority of unveiling ceremonies during that period. His unique special-category star, with its emblem depicting a stylized "Great Seal of the City of Hollywood",[41] is located at the entrance to the Dolby Theatre adjacent to Johnny Grant Way.[42]

text: Expansion[edit]

text: In 1984 a fifth category, Live Theatre, was added to permit acknowledgment of contributions from the live performance branch of the entertainment industry, and a second row of stars was created on each sidewalk to alternate with the existing stars.[14]

text: In 1994 the Walk of Fame was extended one block to the west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Sycamore Avenue to North LaBrea Avenue (plus the short segment of Marshfield Way that connects Hollywood and La Brea), where it now ends at the silver "Four Ladies of Hollywood" gazebo and the special "Walk of Fame" star.[43] At the same time, Sophia Loren was honored with the 2,000th star on the Walk.[14]

text: During construction of tunnels for the Los Angeles subway system in 1996, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority removed and stored more than 300 stars.[44]  Controversy arose when the MTA proposed a money-saving measure of jackhammering the 3-by-3-foot terrazzo pads, preserving only the brass lettering, surrounds, and medallions, then pouring new terrazzo after the tunnels were completed;[45] but the Cultural Heritage Commission ruled that the star pads were to be removed intact.[46]

text: Restoration[edit]

text: In 2008 a long-term restoration project began with an evaluation of all 2,365 stars on the Walk at the time, each receiving a letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. Honorees whose stars received F grades, indicating the most severe damage, were Joan Collins, Peter Frampton, Dick Van Patten, Paul Douglas, Andrew L. Stone, Willard Waterman, Richard Boleslavsky, Ellen Drew, Frank Crumit, and Bobby Sherwood. Fifty celebrities' stars received "D" grades. The damage ranged from minor cosmetic flaws caused by normal weathering to holes and fissures severe enough to constitute a walking hazard. At least 778 stars will eventually be repaired or replaced during the ongoing project at an estimated cost of $4 million to $4.2 million.[47]

text: The restoration is a collaboration among the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and various Los Angeles city and county governmental offices, along with the MTA, which operates the Metro Red Line that runs beneath the Walk, since earth movement due to the presence of the subway line is thought to be partly responsible for the damage.[48]

text: To encourage supplemental funding for the project by corporate sponsors, the "Friends of Walk of Fame" program was inaugurated.[47] Absolut Vodka became the first Friend with a donation of $1 million,[49][50] followed by L'Oréal.[51] Friends are recognized with honorary plaques adjacent to the Walk of Fame in front of the Dolby Theatre.[10]  The program received some criticism. Alana Semuels of the Los Angeles Times described it as "just the latest corporate attempt to buy some good buzz," and, quoting an area brand strategist, "I think Johnny Grant would roll over in his grave."[10] Karen Fondu, President of L'Oréal Paris, countered that the association was "a natural affinity."[50]

text: The Walk of Fame today[edit]

text: Multiple stars[edit]

text: The original selection committees chose to recognize some entertainers' contributions in multiple categories with multiple stars. Gene Autry is the only honoree with stars in all five categories.[52][53] Bob Hope, Mickey Rooney, Roy Rogers, and Tony Martin each have stars in four categories—Rooney has three of his own and a fourth with his eighth and final wife, Jan,[54][55] while Rogers also has three of his own, and a fourth with his band, Sons of the Pioneers.[56][57] Thirty-three people, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Dean Martin, Dinah Shore, Gale Storm, Danny Kaye, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and Jack Benny, have stars in three categories.[52]

text: Seven recording artists have two stars in the same category for distinct achievements: Michael Jackson, as a soloist and as a member of The Jackson 5; Diana Ross, as a member of The Supremes and for her solo work; Smokey Robinson, as a solo artist and as a member of The Miracles; and John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney as individuals and as members of The Beatles.[58] Cher forfeited her opportunity by declining to schedule the mandatory personal appearance when she was selected in 1983.[59] She did attend the unveiling of the Sonny & Cher star in 1998 as a tribute to her recently deceased ex-husband,  Sonny Bono.[60]

text: George Eastman is the only honoree with two stars in the same category for the same achievement, the invention of roll film.[61]

text: In 1977, country singer Loretta Lynn was the first of her genre to receive a star on the Walk of Fame.

text: Controversial additions[edit]

text: Charlie Chaplin is the only honoree to be selected twice for the same star on the Walk. He was unanimously voted into the initial group of 500 in 1956 but the Selection Committee ultimately excluded him, ostensibly due to questions regarding his morals (he had been charged with violating the Mann Act—and exonerated—during the White Slavery hysteria of the 1940s[62]), but more likely due to his left-leaning political views.[63] The rebuke prompted an unsuccessful lawsuit by his son, Charles Chaplin Jr. His star was finally added to the Walk in 1972, the same year he received his Academy Award;[24] but even then, 16 years later, the Chamber of Commerce received angry letters from across the country protesting its decision to include him.[64]

text: The committee's Chaplin difficulties reportedly contributed to its decision in 1978 against awarding a star to Paul Robeson, a controversial opera singer, actor, athlete, writer, lawyer, and social activist.[65] The resulting outcry from the entertainment industry, civic circles, local and national politicians, and many other quarters was so intense that the decision was reversed and Robeson was awarded a star in 1979.[66][67][68]

text: Following sexual assault allegations involving comedian Bill Cosby, actor Kevin Spacey, President Donald Trump, and producer-director Brett Ratner, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce released a statement regarding inquiries as to the removal of stars:[69]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has received inquiries asking whether we are planning to remove the stars of Walk of Famers because of alleged misconduct. The answer is no...The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a registered historic landmark. Once a star has been added to the Walk, it is considered a part of the historic fabric of the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Because of this, we have never removed a star from the Walk.[69]

text: As of 2018, this has been the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce's only statement regarding the removal of stars.

text: On August 6, 2018, the West Hollywood City Council passed a resolution asking for the removal of the star for Donald Trump. The Mayor of West Hollywood, John Duran, stated that "the council unanimously passes the resolution to remove his star," however the West Hollywood City Council has no jurisdiction over the Walk of Fame. [70]

text: Stars with the same name[edit]

text: Two pairs of stars share identical names representing different people. There are two Harrison Ford stars, honoring the silent film actor (at 6665 Hollywood Boulevard), and the present-day actor (in front of the Dolby Theatre at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard). Two Michael Jackson stars represent the singer/dancer/songwriter (at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard), and the radio personality (at 1597 Vine Street). When the recording artist Jackson died in 2009, fans mistakenly began leaving flowers, candles, and other tributes at the Vine Street star.[71]  Upon learning of this, the radio host wrote on his website, "I am willingly loan[ing] it to him and, if it would bring him back, he can have it."[72]

text: The most common surname, with sixteen stars, is Williams: Andy Williams, Bill Williams, Billy Dee Williams, Cindy Williams, Earle Williams, Esther Williams, Guy Williams, Hank Williams, Joe Williams, Kathlyn Williams, Paul Williams, Pharrell Williams, Robin Williams, Roger Williams, Tex Williams and Vanessa Williams.[73] There are fourteen stars with the surname Moore, twelve with Jones, and seven with Smith.

text: The largest collection of stars honoring one group of blood relatives is the widely scattered set of seven representing the Barrymore family: John Barrymore, his brother Lionel (who has two), and sister Ethel, their uncle Sidney Drew, John's son John Drew Barrymore, and John Drew's daughter Drew Barrymore.

text: Bending the rules[edit]

text: Walk of Fame rules prohibit consideration of nominees whose contributions fall outside the five major entertainment categories, but the selection committee has been known to conjure some interesting rule interpretations to justify a selection. The Walk's four round Moon landing monuments at the corners of Hollywood and Vine, for example, officially recognize the Apollo 11 astronauts for "contributions to the television industry". Johnny Grant acknowledged, in 2005, that classifying the first Moon landing as a television entertainment event was "a bit of a stretch". Magic Johnson's considerable basketball skills had no direct connection to movies, music, TV, radio, or theater, but the committee added him to the motion picture category, based on his ownership of the Magic Johnson Theatre chain, citing as precedent Sid Grauman, builder of Grauman's (now TCL) Chinese Theatre.  "[Now] people want Orville Redenbacher," Grant quipped in the 2005 interview, "because his popcorn is in all the theaters."[25]

text: Muhammad Ali's star was granted after the committee decided that boxing could be considered a form of "live performance". Its placement, on a wall of the Dolby Theatre, makes it the only star mounted on a vertical surface, acceding to Ali's request that his name not be walked upon.[74][75]

text: All living honorees have been required since 1968 to personally attend their star's unveiling, and approximately 40 have declined the honor due to this condition.[25] The only recipient to date who failed to appear after agreeing to do so was Barbra Streisand, in 1976. Her star was unveiled anyway, near the intersection of Hollywood and Highland.[76] Streisand did attend when her husband, James Brolin, unveiled his star in 1998 two blocks to the east.[77]

text: Unique and unusual[edit]

text: Fifteen stars are identified with a one-word stage name: Cantinflas, Houdini, Liberace, Mako, Meiklejohn, Paderewski, Parkyakarkus, Roseanne, RuPaul, Sabu, Shakira, Slash, Sting, Thalía, and Usher.

text: The largest group of individuals represented by a single star is the estimated 122 adults and 12 children[78] collectively known as the Munchkins, from the landmark 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.

text: Clayton Moore is so inextricably linked with his Lone Ranger character, even though he played other roles during his career, that he is one of only two actors to have his character's name alongside his own on his star. The other is Tommy Riggs, whose star reads, "Tommy Riggs & Betty Lou."[79]

text: For more than 40 years, singer Jimmy Boyd was the youngest star recipient at age 20, but he lost that distinction in 2004 to 18-year-old twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Their joint star (the only one shared by twins) is outside the Dolby Theatre, near the Hollywood and Highland Center.

text: The Westmores received the first star honoring contributions in theatrical make-up. Other make-up artists on the walk are Max Factor, John Chambers and Rick Baker. Three stars recognize experts in special effects: Ray Harryhausen, Dennis Muren, and Stan Winston. Only one costume designer has received a star, eight-time Academy Award winner Edith Head.

text: Sidney Sheldon is one of two novelists with a star, which he earned for writing screenplays such as The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer before turning to novels.[80] The other is Ray Bradbury, whose books and stories have formed the basis of dozens of movies and television programs over a nearly 60-year period.[81]

text: Ten inventors have stars on the Walk: George Eastman (as mentioned); Thomas Edison, inventor of the first true film projector and holder of numerous patents related to motion-picture technology; Lee de Forest, inventor of the vacuum tube, which made radio and TV possible, and Phonofilm, which made sound movies possible; Merian C. Cooper, co-inventor of the Cinerama process; Herbert Kalmus, inventor of Technicolor; Auguste and Louis Lumière, inventors of important components of the motion picture camera; Mark Serrurier, inventor of the technology used for film editing; Hedy Lamarr, co-inventor of a frequency-hopping radio guidance system that was a precursor to Wi-Fi networks and cellular telephone systems;[82] and Ray Dolby, co-developer of the video tape recorder and inventor of the Dolby noise reduction system.

text: A few star recipients moved on after their entertainment careers to political notability. Two Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan (40th President) and Donald Trump (45th President) have stars on the Walk. Reagan is also one of two Governors of California with a star; the other is Arnold Schwarzenegger.[83]  One U.S. senator (George Murphy) and two members of the U.S. House of Representatives (Helen Gahagan and Sonny Bono) have stars.  Ignacy Paderewski, who served as Prime Minister of Poland between the World Wars, is the only European head of government represented. Film and stage actor Albert Dekker served one term in the California State Assembly during the 1940s,[84] which was notable for his outspoken public criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communism demagoguery, leading to his blacklisting.[85]

text: On its 50th anniversary in 2005, Disneyland received a star adjacent to the Walk of Fame near Disney's Soda Fountain on Hollywood Boulevard. While not technically part of the Hollywood Walk of Fame (a city ordinance prohibits putting corporate names on sidewalks), the star was installed adjacent to the Walk of Fame, and was thought of by Johnny Grant, the proverbial "Mayor of Hollywood." Roger Ebert said of the star "If you stop to think about what Disneyland has achieved and what a revolutionary idea it was to begin with, of course it deserve[s] a star." In lieu of the traditional icon indicating the specific achievement(s) of the honoree, Disneyland's star has an icon of Sleeping Beauty Castle, and a plaque beneath the star reading: "Award of Excellence Special achievement for 50 years of magical entertainment Hollywood Historic Trust July 14, 2005. Johnny Grant, Chairman."[86]

text: Fictional characters and their creators[edit]

text: In 1978, in honor of his 50th anniversary, Mickey Mouse became the first animated character to receive a star. Other animated recipients are Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, Woody Woodpecker, Snow White, Tinker Bell, Winnie the Pooh, Shrek, The Simpsons, the Rugrats, and Snoopy. The star inscribed Charlie Tuna honors not the animated advertising mascot, but Art Ferguson, the long-time radio personality and game show announcer.

text: Other fictional characters on the Walk include the Munchkins (as mentioned), two individual Muppets (Kermit the Frog and Big Bird) and the Muppets as a group, one monster (Godzilla), and three non-animated canine characters (Strongheart, Lassie, and Rin Tin Tin).

text: Ten stars recognize cartoonists and animators: Walt Disney, Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, Walter Lantz, Hanna–Barbera, Charles M. Schulz, Jay Ward, Dr. Seuss, Matt Groening and John Lasseter.[87] Two puppeteers have stars: Jim Henson and Shari Lewis, as does Fran Allison, who appeared with Burr Tillstrom's puppets on the TV show Kukla, Fran and Ollie.

text: Star locations[edit]

text: Locations of individual stars are not necessarily random or arbitrary. Stars of most legendary and world-famous celebrities—the so-called "show business royalty"—are found in front of TCL (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre. Oscar-winners' stars are usually placed near the Dolby Theatre, site of the annual Academy Awards presentations. Decisions are occasionally made with a dollop of whimsy: Mike Myers's star, for example, lies in front of an adult store called the International Love Boutique, an association with his Austin Powers roles; Roger Moore's star is located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of his seven James Bond 007 films; Ed O'Neill's star is located outside a shoe store in reference to his character's occupation on the TV show Married... with Children;[88] and the last star, at the very end of the westernmost portion of the Walk, belongs to The Dead End Kids.

text: Honorees may request a specific location for their star, although final decisions remain with the Chamber.[25] Jay Leno, for example, requested a spot near the corner of Hollywood Blvd. and Highland Ave. because he was twice picked up at that location by police for vagrancy (though never actually charged) shortly after his arrival in Hollywood.[89]  George Carlin chose to have his star placed in front of the KDAY radio station near the corner of Sunset Blvd. and Vine St., where he first gained national recognition.[90] Carol Burnett explained her choice in her 1986 memoir: While working as an usherette at the historic Warner Brothers Theatre (now the Hollywood Pacific Theatre) during the 1951 run of Alfred Hitchcock's film Strangers on a Train, she took it upon herself to advise a couple arriving during the final few minutes of a showing to wait for the next showing, to avoid seeing (and spoiling) the ending. The theater manager fired her on the spot for "insubordination" and humiliated her by stripping the epaulets from her uniform in the theater lobby. Twenty-six years later, at her request, Burnett's star was placed at the corner of Hollywood and Wilcox—in front of the theater.[91]

text: Errors and mysteries[edit]

text: In 2010, Julia Louis-Dreyfus's star was constructed with the name "Julia Luis Dreyfus".[92] The actress was reportedly amused, and the error was corrected.[93] A similar mistake was made on Dick Van Dyke's star in 1993 ("Vandyke"), and rectified.[94]

text: Film and television actor Don Haggerty's star originally displayed the first name "Dan". The mistake was fixed, but years later the television actor Dan Haggerty (of Grizzly Adams fame, no relation to Don) also received a star. The confusion eventually sprouted an urban legend that Dan Haggerty was the only honoree to have a star removed from the Walk of Fame.[95][96]

text: For 28 years, the star intended to honor Mauritz Stiller, the Helsinki-born pioneer of Swedish film who brought Greta Garbo to the United States, read "Maurice Diller", possibly due to mistranscription of verbal dictation. The star was finally remade with the correct name in 1988.[97][98]

text: Three stars remain misspelled: opera diva Lotte Lehmann's first name is spelled "Lottie";[99] Cinerama co-inventor and King Kong creator, director, and producer Merian C. Cooper's first name is spelled "Meriam";[100][101] and cinematography pioneer Auguste Lumière's first name is listed as "August".[102]

text: Monty Woolley, the veteran film and stage actor best known for The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) and the classic line "Time flies when you're having fun", is officially listed in the motion picture category,[103] but his star on the Walk of Fame bears the television emblem.[104] Woolley did appear on the small screen late in his career, but his TV contributions were eclipsed by his extensive stage, film, and radio work.[105][106][107]  Similarly, the star of film actress Carmen Miranda bears the TV emblem,[108] although her official category is motion pictures.[109]  Radio and television talk show host Larry King is officially a television honoree,[110] but his star displays a film camera.[111]

text: The Los Angeles Times, which documented and photographed the Walk as part of its Hollywood Star Walk project, reported that it could not find two stars, honoring Richard Crooks and the film career of Geraldine Farrar.[112][113][114] (Farrar's music star is located on the 1700 block of Vine Street.)

text: Theft and vandalism[edit]

text: Acts of vandalism occur on the Walk on a regular basis, ranging from profanity and political statements written on stars with markers to attempted removal of brass emblems with chisels.[115] Closed circuit surveillance cameras have been installed on the stretch of Hollywood Boulevard between La Brea Avenue and Vine Street in an effort to discourage mischievous activities.[116]

text: Four of the stars, which weigh about 300 pounds (140 kg) each, have been stolen from the Walk of Fame. In 2000, James Stewart's and Kirk Douglas's stars disappeared from their locations near the intersection of Hollywood and Vine, where they had been temporarily removed for a construction project. Police recovered them in the suburban community of South Gate when they arrested a man involved in an incident there and searched his house. The suspect was a construction worker employed on the Hollywood and Vine project. The stars had been badly damaged, and had to be remade. One of Gene Autry's five stars (it is not clear which one) was also stolen from a construction area. Johnny Grant later received an anonymous phone tip that the missing star was in Iowa, but it was never found. "Someday, it will end up on eBay," Grant once joked. The most brazen and ambitious theft occurred in 2005 when thieves used a concrete saw to remove  Gregory Peck's star from its Hollywood Boulevard site at the intersection of North El Centro Avenue, near North Gower. The star was replaced almost immediately, but the original was never recovered and the perpetrators never caught.[117]

text: In late 2009, rumors circulated widely on media outlets and the Internet that John Lennon's star had been stolen, but it was merely being relocated farther south on Vine Street to an area near the circular Capitol Records Building, adjacent to the stars of bandmates George Harrison and Ringo Starr.[118] Paul McCartney's star was installed in the same location in 2012.[119]

text: Donald Trump's star—received as host of The Apprentice television series—was repeatedly defaced during the 2016 presidential campaign.[120][121][122] In late October, near the end of the race, a man named Jamie Otis (who claimed to be an heir to the Otis Elevator fortune) used a sledge hammer and a pickaxe to destroy all of the star's brass inlays. He readily admitted to the vandalism, which he described as "civil disobedience" and "freedom of expression", and told reporters that he originally planned to remove the entire star and auction it to raise money for the women who accused Trump of sexually assaulting them.[123]  Otis was arrested three weeks after the incident, charged with one count of felony vandalism,[124] and sentenced to three years' probation plus $3,400 in restitution payments.[125]  The star itself was repaired, serving as the site of pro-Trump demonstrations[126] until it was destroyed a second time in July 2018 by a man named Austin Clay.[127] Clay later surrendered himself to the police and was bailed out by Jamie Otis.[128][129]

text: Four Ladies of Hollywood[edit]

text: The Four Ladies of Hollywood gazebo[130]—known officially as the Hollywood and La Brea Gateway[131]—stands upon a small triangular island formed by the confluence of Hollywood Boulevard, Marshfield Way, and North La Brea Avenue at the westernmost extension of the Walk of Fame. It was commissioned in 1993 by the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency Art Program and created by the architect, production designer, and film director Catherine Hardwicke as a tribute to the multi-ethnic women of Hollywood.[131] The gazebo is a stainless steel stylized Art Deco lattice structure. The roof is an arched square supporting a circular dome, which is topped by a central obelisk with descending neon block letters spelling "Hollywood" on each of its four sides. Atop the obelisk is a small gilded weathervane-style sculpture of Marilyn Monroe in her iconic billowing skirt pose from The Seven Year Itch.[132] The domed structure is held aloft by four caryatids sculpted by Harl West[131] to represent the African-American actress Dorothy Dandridge, Asian-American actress Anna May Wong, Mexican actress Dolores del Río, and the multi-ethnic, Brooklyn-born actress Mae West.[130]

text: The gazebo was dedicated on February 1, 1994, to a mixed reception. Los Angeles Times art critic Christopher Knight called it "the most depressingly awful work of public art in recent years", representing the opposite of Hardwicke's intended tribute to women. "Sex, as a woman's historic gateway to Hollywood", he wrote, "couldn't be more explicitly described".[133] Independent writer and film producer Gail Choice called it a fitting tribute to a group of pioneering and courageous women who "carried a tremendous burden on their feminine shoulders. Never in my wildest dreams did I believe I'd ever see women of color immortalized in such a creative and wonderful fashion."[134] Hardwicke contended that critics had missed the "humor and symbolism" of the structure, which "embraces and pokes fun at the glamour, the polished metallic male form of the Oscar, and the pastiche of styles and dreams that pervades Tinseltown."[135]

text: Nomination process[edit]

text: Each year an average of 200 nominations are submitted to the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce Walk of Fame selection committee. Anyone, including fans, can nominate anyone active in the field of entertainment as long as the nominee or his or her management approves the nomination (a letter of agreement from the nominated celebrity or representative must accompany the application). Nominees must have a minimum of five years' experience in the category for which they are nominated and a history of "charitable contributions."[74] Posthumous nominees must have been deceased at least five years. At a meeting each June, the committee selects approximately 20 to 24 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame. One posthumous award is given each year as well. The nominations of those not selected are rolled over to the following year for reconsideration; those not selected two years in a row are dropped, and must be renominated to receive further consideration. Living recipients must agree to personally attend a presentation ceremony within two years of selection. If the ceremony is not scheduled within two years, a new application must be submitted. A relative of deceased recipients must attend posthumous presentations. Presentation ceremonies are open to the public.[4]

text: A fee of $40,000 (as of  2018[update]),[37] payable at time of selection, is collected to pay for the creation and installation of the star, as well as general maintenance of the Walk of Fame. The fee is usually paid by the nominating organization, which may be a fan club, or a film studio, record company, broadcaster, or other sponsor involved with the prospective honoree.[21][136] The Starz cable network, for example, paid for Dennis Hopper's star as part of the promotion for its series Crash. The star was unveiled in March 2010 shortly before Hopper's death.[21][137]

text: Numerous major entertainment figures and legendary show business acts are not included on the Walk of Fame for a variety of reasons. Some, such as Julia Roberts[25][138] and Clint Eastwood,[138] have declined to participate; nominations cannot proceed without the nominee's consent. Others, such as George Clooney and John Denver,[139] were nominated, but would not agree to the mandatory personal appearance at the unveiling ceremony; however, Denver received a posthumous star in late 2014.[140] Others have simply never been nominated, or do not have a nominator willing or able to pay the selection fee, or have less than the required five years' minimum involvement in their designated field. Probability also plays a role as only about 10% of nominees are selected each year.

text: Traditionally, the identities of selection committee members, other than its chairman, have not been made public in order to minimize conflicts of interest and to discourage lobbying by celebrities and their representatives (a significant problem during the original selections in the late 1950s). However, in 1999, in response to intensifying charges of secrecy in the selection process, the chamber disclosed the members' names: Johnny Grant, the longtime chair and representative of the television category; Earl Lestz, president of Paramount Studio Group (motion pictures); Stan Spero, retired manager with broadcast stations KMPC and KABC (radio); Kate Nelson, owner of the Palace Theatre (live performance); and Mary Lou Dudas, vice president of A&M Records (recording industry).[141] Since that 1999 announcement the chamber has revealed only that Lestz (who received his own star in 2004) became chairman after Grant died in 2008. Their current official position is that "each of the five categories is represented by someone with expertise in that field."[4]

text: In 2010, Lestz was replaced as chairman by John Pavlik, former Director of Communications for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[142] While no public announcement was made to that effect, he was identified as chairman in the chamber's press release announcing the 2011 star recipients.[143]  The current chair, according to the chamber's 2016 selection announcement, is film producer Maureen Schultz.[144]

text: Homage[edit]

text: Some fans show respect for star recipients both living and dead by laying flowers or other symbolic tributes at their stars.[145] Others show their support in other ways; the star awarded to Julio Iglesias, for example, is kept in "pristine condition [by] a devoted band of elderly women [who] scrub and polish it once a month".[145]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has adopted the tradition of placing flower wreaths at the stars of newly deceased awardees; for example Bette Davis in 1989,[146] Katharine Hepburn in 2003, and Jackie Cooper in 2011.[147] The stars of other deceased celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Elizabeth Taylor,[148] Richard Pryor,[149] Ricardo Montalbán, James Doohan, Frank Sinatra,[150][151] Robin Williams,[152] Joan Rivers and George Harrison[153] have become impromptu memorial and vigil sites as well, and some continue to receive anniversary remembrances.


question_text: who is the girl from brenda's got a baby

question_tokens: who is the girl from brenda 's got a baby

text: Brenda's Got a Baby

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac.

text: The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that the girl has had virtually no education in her life, and calls this a "damn shame" because she has little hope of a future. Her family is very poor, and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that it would not matter to her family if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance.

text: Although she believes that her cousin (the father of her baby) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth to their baby on the bathroom floor. Brenda disposes of the baby by throwing it in a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears the baby crying. Her mother scolds her severely, and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home.

text: Brenda is now forced to live alone, and unsuccessfully seeks employment. Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery, and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive. This life path leads to her getting murdered. The fates of the other characters, such as her parents, her cousin, and the baby, are left unexplained. The final minute or so of the song consists of a chorus singing "don't you know she's got a baby" repeatedly.

text: 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called "Mama's Just a Little Girl". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and "Brenda" and then the actual story starts. Ethel "Edy" Proctor is the leading lady in the video.

text: The video begins with "based on a true story," although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a twelve-year-old girl getting pregnant from her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can.

text: Parts of the video were included in Tupac: Resurrection, a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel, in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, "All Eyez On Me," released June 16th 2017.

text: The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1991)
Peak
position

US Rap Singles (Billboard)[2]
3

US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[2]
10

US Hot 100 (Billboard)[2]
11


document_title: Direct rule (Northern Ireland)

question_text: when was direct rule introduced in northern ireland

text: Direct rule (Northern Ireland)

text: History[edit]

text: The system of Direct Rule was originally introduced on 28 March 1972 under the terms of the UK's Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972, which also suspended the Parliament of Northern Ireland ("Stormont").

text: The Northern Irish administration under Brian Faulkner had refused to allow control of security in the province to be transferred to London.[4] As a consequence, the British government under Edward Heath announced on 24 March 1972 that devolved government in Northern Ireland would be suspended.[4]

text: Responsibility for Northern Ireland within the Cabinet had until then rested with the Home Secretary, but was now transferred to the new post of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, heading the Northern Ireland Office.[4] Several new junior government ministers were created to politically head the NI government departments.[4]

text: The British Government sought to establish a Northern Ireland Assembly in 1973 (under the Sunningdale Agreement; this was brought down by Unionist action), in 1982 (this time boycotted by Nationalists), and more recently under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Each time, the intention in principle was that the Assembly would take over the political governance of Northern Ireland, and that direct rule would thus come to an end.  The results of the Good Friday Agreement were the most successful at achieving this; however, the Assembly was nevertheless suspended (and direct rule re-imposed) for over three months starting in February 2000,[5] twice briefly in August[6] and September[7] of 2001, and again from October 2002[8] until the spring of 2007.

text: Both unionists and nationalists frequently objected to direct rule, since the system gives the people of Northern Ireland relatively little democratic say over their own governance.  However, some unionists accepted and were content to go along with the system since it seemed to show the province as an integral part of the UK; while some nationalists accepted direct rule if only because they believed that politicians in London were less hostile to Northern Ireland's Catholic community than a government elected by the local Protestant majority.[citation needed] Some minor parties have pushed a viewpoint of direct rule: the UK Unionist Party campaigned on a position of "integrationism" opposed to the St Andrews Agreement, and at its peak had a single MP and five MLAs. The party lost its last representative in 2007 and is now defunct.

text: Since the St Andrews Agreement in 2006, Westminster no longer has the power to suspend the Assembly without an emergency legislation.

text: In January 2017, following the fallout from the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal, in which Sinn Féin deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness resigned, Arlene Foster suggested a temporary return to direct rule would be on the cards due to the deadlock.[9] Efforts to save the power-sharing Stormont government have failed. So far Westminster has refused to implement direct rule which comes at a time of extra uncertainty regarding Brexit, the Good Friday Agreement and the Irish border issue in relation to them.[10]

text: Instances of direct rule following the Good Friday Agreement[edit]

text: The assembly has been suspended four times since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in accordance with the Northern Ireland Act 2000[11]. The periods of suspension were:

text:
11 February – 30 May 2000
10 August 2001 (24-hour suspension)
22 September 2001 (24-hour suspension)
14 October 2002 – 7 May 2007