document_title: Just Do It

question_text: when did nike come up with just do it

question_tokens: when did nike come up with just do it

root

text: Just Do It

text: Just Do It (stylized as JUST DO IT.)[1] is a trademark of shoe company Nike, and one of the core components of Nike's brand. The slogan was coined in 1988 at an advertising agency meeting. The founder of Wieden+Kennedy agency, Dan Wieden credits the inspiration for his "Just Do It" Nike slogan to Gary Gilmore’s last words: "Let's do it."[2] The "Just Do It" campaign allowed Nike to further increase its share of the North American domestic sport-shoe business from 18% to 43%, (from $877 million to $9.2 billion in worldwide sales) from 1988 to 1998.[3] In many Nike-related situations, "Just Do It" appears alongside the Nike logo, known as the Swoosh.

tag: p

text: Campaign[edit]

text: This Section is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The "Just Do It" campaign launched in 1988 was highly successful with the Age selecting the campaign as one of the top two taglines of the 20th century with it being both "universal and intensely personal".[2][not in citation given] While Reebok was directing their campaign at aerobics during the fitness craze of the 1980s, Nike responded with "a tough, take no prisoners ad campaign". One of the campaign's objectives was to target all Americans regardless of age, gender or physical fitness level [3] which led to Nike becoming worn as a fashion statement, not just as fitness gear (Nearly 80% of Nike’s running shoes are not worn for their intended purpose). Nike’s fundamental objective was to represent sneakers as a fashion statement to consumers, especially females, teens and males aged 18–40.

text: Throughout the campaign Nike enlisted numerous notable athletes in order to attract customers and promote the image of Nike as being reliable to not only everyday customers but professional athletes. Athletes such as football stars Ronaldinho and Wayne Rooney, basketball stars Michael Jordan, and Kobe Bryant and tennis stars Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal were used in their advertisements, including a range of people from varying ethnicities and races.[4][unreliable source?]

text: Nike was faced with criticism by Ernst & Young surrounding the campaign, with the pay of elite athletes compared to those in overseas shoe factories, and for violating the minimum wage in their operations in Vietnam.[5][unreliable source?] [6]

text: The "Just Do It" campaign went out to a range of media outlets including merchandise, outdoor billboards, print media, and graffiti art.

text: The campaign embodied Nike's image as an innovative American icon associated with success through the combination of professional athletes and motivational slogans emphasizing sportsmanship and health. This led to customers associating their purchases with the prospect of achieving greatness.[7][unreliable source?]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In 2015, actor Shia LaBeouf used this phrase in LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner's #INTRODUCTIONS video, which later become an Internet meme.[8]


document_title: Happy Feet

question_text: who does hugh jackman play in happy feet

text: Happy Feet

text: Plot

text: Every emperor penguin sings a unique song called a "heartsong" to attract a mate. If the male penguin's heartsong matches the female's song, the two penguins mate. Norma Jean, a female penguin, falls for Memphis, a male penguin and they become mates. They lay an egg, which is left in Memphis' care, while Norma Jean leaves with the other females to fish. While the males struggle through the harsh winter, Memphis briefly drops the egg. As a result, their son, Mumble, is unable to sing, but he can tap dance instead. Nevertheless, he is enamored with Gloria, a female penguin who is regarded as the most talented of her age. One day, Mumble encounters a group of hostile skua, with a leader who is tagged with a yellow band, which he says is from an alien abduction. Mumble narrowly escapes the hungry birds by falling into a crevice.

text: Now a young adult, Mumble is frequently ridiculed by the elders. After escaping from a leopard seal attack, Mumble befriends a group of Adelie penguins called "the Amigos", who embrace Mumble's dance moves and assimilate him into their group. After seeing a hidden human excavator in an avalanche, they opt to ask Lovelace, a rockhopper penguin, about its origin. Lovelace has the plastic rings of a six pack entangled around his neck, which he claims have been bestowed upon him by mystic beings.

text: For the emperor penguins, it is mating season and Gloria is the center of attention. Ramón, one of the Amigos, attempts to help Mumble win her affection by singing a Spanish version of "My Way", with Mumble lip syncing, but the plan fails, and Gloria finds it embarrassing. In desperation, Mumble begins tap dancing in synch with her song. She falls for him and the youthful penguins join in for singing and dancing to "Boogie Wonderland". The elders are appalled by Mumble's conduct, which they see as the reason for their lean fishing season. Memphis begs Mumble to stop dancing, for his own sake, but when Mumble refuses, he is exiled, prompting him to curse revenge on the elders for their blind belief.

text: Mumble and the Amigos return to Lovelace, only to find him being choked by the plastic rings. Lovelace confesses they were snagged on him while swimming off the forbidden shores, beyond the land of the elephant seals. Not long into their journey, they are met by Gloria, who wishes to join with Mumble as his mate. Fearing for her safety, he ridicules Gloria, driving her away.

text: At the forbidden shore, the group finds a fishing boat. Mumble pursues it solo to the brink of exhaustion. He is eventually washed up on the shore of Australia, where he is rescued and kept at Marine World with Magellanic penguins. After a long and secluded confinement in addition to fruitlessly trying to communicate with the humans, he nearly succumbs to madness. When a girl attempts to interact with Mumble by tapping the glass, he starts dancing, which attracts a large crowd. He is released back into the wild, with a tracking device attached to his back. He returns to his colony and challenges the will of the elders. Memphis reconciles with him, just as a research team arrives, proving the claims of the existence of "aliens" to be true. The whole of the colony, even Noah the leader of the elders, engages in dance.

text: The research team returns their expedition footage, prompting a worldwide debate. The governments realize they are overfishing, leading to the banning of all Antarctic fishing. At this, the emperor penguins and the Amigos celebrate.

text: Cast

text:
Elijah Wood as Mumble
E.G. Daily as baby Mumble
Robin Williams as Ramón, Cletus, Lovelace, and the narrator
Brittany Murphy as Gloria
Alyssa Shafer as baby Gloria
Hugh Jackman as Memphis
Nicole Kidman as Norma Jean
Hugo Weaving as Noah the Elder
Fat Joe as Seymour
Cesar Flores as baby Seymour
Anthony LaPaglia as Skua Boss
Magda Szubanski as Miss Viola
Miriam Margolyes as Mrs. Astrakhan
Steve Irwin as Trev
Carlos Alazraqui as Nestor
Lombardo Boyar as Raul
Jeffrey Garcia as Rinaldo
Johnny Sanchez as Lombardo
Roger Rose as Leopard Seal

tag: ul

text: Production

text: George Miller cites as an initial inspiration for the film an encounter with a grizzled old cameraman, whose father was Frank Hurley of the Shackleton expeditions, during the shooting of Mad Max 2: "We were sitting in this bar, having a milkshake, and he looked across at me and said, ‘Antarctica.’ He’d shot a documentary there. He said, ‘You’ve got to make a film in Antarctica. It’s just like out here, in the wasteland. It’s spectacular.’ And that always stuck in my head.”[6]

text: Happy Feet was also partially inspired by earlier documentaries such as the BBC's Life in the Freezer.[7] In 2001, during an otherwise non-sequitur meeting, Doug Mitchell impulsively presented Warner Bros., studio president Alan Horn with an early rough draft of the film's screenplay, and asked them to read it while he and Miller flew back to Australia. By the time they'd landed, Warner had decided to provide funding on the film. Production was slated to begin sometime after the completion of the fourth Mad Max film, Fury Road, but geo-political complications pushed Happy Feet to the forefront in early 2003.

text: An earlier cut of the film seems to have included a large subplot regarding aliens in the extraterrestrial sense, whose presence was made gradually more and more known throughout, and who were planning to siphon off the planet's resources gradually, placing the humans in the same light as the penguins. At the end, through the plight of the main character, their hand is stayed and, instead, first contact is made. This was chopped out during the last year of production, and has yet to see the light of day in a finished form, although concept art from these sequences were showcased at the Siggraph 2007 demonstration,[8] and are available online, as well.

text: The animation is invested heavily in motion capture technology, with the dance scenes acted out by human dancers. The tap-dancing for Mumble in particular was provided by Savion Glover who was also co-choreographer for the dance sequences.[9] The dancers went through "Penguin School" to learn how to move like a penguin, and also wore head apparatus to mimic a penguin's beak.[10]

text: Happy Feet needed an enormous group of computers, and Animal Logic worked with IBM to build a server farm with sufficient processing potential. The film took four years to make. Ben Gunsberger, Lighting Supervisor and VFX Department Supervisor, says this was partly because they needed to build new infrastructure and tools. The server farm used IBM BladeCenter framework and BladeCenter HS20 blade servers, which are extremely dense separate computer units each with two Intel Xeon processors. Rendering took up 17 million CPU hours over a nine-month period.[11]

text: According to Miller, the environmental message was not a major part of the original script, but "In Australia, we're very, very aware of the ozone hole," he said, "and Antarctica is literally the canary in the coal mine for this stuff. So it sort of had to go in that direction." This influence led to a film with a more environmental tone. Miller said, "You can't tell a story about Antarctica and the penguins without giving that dimension."[12]

text: The film was dedicated to the memory of Nick Enright, Michael Jonson, Robby McNeilly Green, and Steve Irwin.

text: Music

text: Happy Feet is a jukebox musical, taking previously recorded songs and working them into the film's soundtrack to fit with the mood of the scene or character. Two soundtrack albums were released for the film; one containing songs from and inspired by the film, and another featuring John Powell's instrumental score. They were released on October 31, 2006 and December 19, 2006, respectively.

text: Prince's "Song of the Heart" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The film won Golden Trailer Award for Best Music.[13]

text: Soundtrack

text:
Happy Feet: Music from the Motion PictureSoundtrack album by Various ArtistsReleased
October 31, 2006Genre
Soundtrack, pop, rock, R&B, hip hopLength
47:47Label
Warner Sunset, AtlanticProducer
John Powell, George MillerHappy Feet soundtrack chronology

Happy Feet(2006)

Happy Feet: Original Score(2006)Happy Feet: Original Score2006

Singles from Happy Feet

"The Song of the Heart"Released: 2006
"Hit Me Up"Released: January 22, 2007 (CD Single) January 29, 2007 (Digital Download)

text: Happy Feet: Music from the Motion Picture is the lyrical soundtrack album from the 2006 animated film Happy Feet. As of March 2007, the OST has sold over 272,627 copies in the US.

text: Happy Feet: Music from the Motion Picture[14]No.TitleWriter(s)Performer(s)Length1."The Song of the Heart"PrincePrince4:352."Hit Me Up"Brian Kierulf, Josh Schwartz & Gia FarrellGia Farrell3:163."Tell Me Something Good"Stevie WonderPink3:084."Somebody to Love"Freddie MercuryBrittany Murphy3:475."I Wish"Stevie WonderPatti LaBelle, Yolanda Adams and Fantasia Barrino3:316."Jump N' Move"Simon Bartholomew, Jan Kincaid, Andrew Levy & Jamal MitchellThe Brand New Heavies (featuring Jamalski)3:187."Do It Again"Brian Wilson & Mike LoveThe Beach Boys2:248."The Joker mash-up with Everything I Own""The Joker" by Steve Miller, Eddie Curtis & Ahmet Ertegün;"Everything I Own" by David Gates"The Joker" by Jason Mraz;"Everything I Own" by Chrissie Hynde4:059."My Way (A Mi Manera)"Paul Anka, Jacques Revaux, Claude François & Gilles ThibaultRobin Williams1:4410."Kiss mash-up with Heartbreak Hotel""Kiss" by Prince;"Heartbreak Hotel" by Mae Boren Axton, Thomas Durden, and Elvis Presley"Kiss by Nicole Kidman;"Heartbreak Hotel" by Hugh Jackman2:3611."Boogie Wonderland"Allee Willis & Jonathan LindBrittany Murphy5:0712."Golden Slumbers / The End"Paul McCartneyk.d. lang4:1613."The Story of Mumble Happy Feet"John Powell 5:50Total length:47:37

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: The film opened at #1 in the United States on its first weekend of release (November 17–19) grossing $41.6 million and beating Casino Royale for the top spot.[15] It remained #1 for the Thanksgiving weekend, making $51.6 million over the five-day period. In total, the film was the top grosser for three weeks, a 2006 box office feat matched only by Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. As of June 8, 2008,  Happy Feet has grossed $198.0 million in the U.S. and $186.3 million overseas, making about $384.3 million worldwide. Happy Feet was the third highest grossing animated film in the U.S., behind Cars and Ice Age: The Meltdown. The film has been released in about 35 international territories at the close of 2006.[16][17]

text: The production budget was $100 million.[2]

text: Critical reception

text: Happy Feet received generally positive reviews from critics. On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 75% "Certified Fresh" score based on 161 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus was "Visually dazzling, with a thoughtful storyline and catchy musical numbers, Happy Feet marks a successful animated debut from the makers of Babe."[18] Metacritic reports a 77 out of 100 rating, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[19]

text: Analysis

text: The film garnered analysis and dissection from various critics. Film critic Yar Habnegnal wrote an essay in Forum on Contemporary Art and Society that examines the themes of encroachment presented throughout the film, as well as various other subtexts and themes, such as religious hierarchy and interracial tensions.[20]  Vadim Rizov of the Independent Film Channel sees Mumble as just the latest in a long line of cinematic religious mavericks.

text: On a technical or formal level, the film has also been lauded in some corners for its innovative introduction of Miller's roving style of subjective cinematography into contemporary animation.

text: Home media

text: Happy Feet was released on home media on March 27, 2007[21] in the United States in three formats; DVD (in separate widescreen and pan and scan editions), Blu-ray Disc, and an HD DVD/DVD combo pack.[22]

text: Among the DVD's special features is a scene that was cut from the film where Mumble meets a blue whale and an albatross. The albatross was Steve Irwin's first voice role in the film before he voiced the elephant seal in the final cut. The scene was finished and included on the DVD in Irwin's memory. This scene is done in Irwin's classic documentary style, with the albatross telling the viewer all about the other characters in the scene, and the impact people are having on their environment.

text: Accolades

text: The film appeared on numerous critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2006.[23][24]

text:
Award
Category
Winner/Nominee
Result

Academy Awards

Best Animated Feature

Won

American Film Institute Awards

Honored as one of the Top Ten Best Films of the Year

Won

Annie Awards

Best Animated Feature

George Miller

Nominated

Best Writing in an Animated Feature Production

George Miller, John Collee, Judy Morris, and Warren Coleman

Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards

Best Feature Film

Won

British Academy Film Awards

Best Animated Feature Film

Won

Golden Globe Awards

Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

Best Original Song

"Song of the Heart" by Prince

Won

Golden Trailer Awards[25]

Best Music

Won

Grammy Awards

Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media

John Powell

Nominated

Best Song Written for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media

"The Song of the Heart", Prince

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Animated Movie

Won

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

Best Animation

Won

New York Film Critics Circle Awards

Best Animated Film

Won

Satellite Awards

Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media

Nominated

Saturn Awards

Best Animated Film

Nominated

text: Video games

text: A video game based on the film was developed by A2M and published by Midway Games. It has the same main cast as the film. It was released for the PC, PlayStation 2, GameCube, GBA, NDS, and Wii.[26]

text: Artificial Life, Inc. has also developed a mobile game for the Japan market.[27]

text: Legacy

text: Sequels

text: Happy Feet Two was produced at Dr. D Studios[28] and released on November 18, 2011. Wood and Williams reprised their roles for the sequel. Murphy was set to reprise her role and begin recording sometime in 2010,[29] but was replaced by P!nk after Murphy died from pneumonia on December 20, 2009. Matt Damon and Brad Pitt signed on as Bill the Krill and Will the Krill respectively.[30][31]

text: In an interview with Collider.com, Miller mentioned the small possibility of Happy Feet Three, stating that if he came up with an idea for a third film, that he and his studio would produce it if they both agreed the idea was better than the first two. As of now, however, he has yet to mention if he has any ideas for a third film since the interview.[32]

text: 4-D attraction

text: Happy Feet 4-D Experience is a 12-minute 4D film shown at various 4D theaters over the world. It retells the condensed story of Happy Feet with the help of 3D projection and sensory effects, including moving seats, wind, mist and scents. Produced by SimEx-Iwerks, the 4D experience premiered in March 2010 at the Drayton Manor Theme Park.[33] Other locations included Sea World (2010–2011),[34] Shedd Aquarium (2010–2012),[35] Moody Gardens (2010–2011),[36] Nickelodeon Suites Resort,[37] and Adventure Aquarium.[38]


document_title: National Statuary Hall Collection

question_text: whose statue represents illinois in the us capitol

text: National Statuary Hall Collection

text: History[edit]

text: The concept of a National Statuary Hall originated in the middle of the nineteenth century, even before the completion of the present House wing in 1857. At that time, the House of Representatives moved into its new larger chamber and the old vacant chamber became a thoroughfare between the Rotunda and the House wing. Suggestions for the use of the chamber were made as early as 1853 by Gouverneur Kemble, a former member of the House, who pressed for its use as a gallery of historical paintings. The space between the columns seemed too limited for this purpose, but it was well suited for the display of busts and statuary.

text: On April 19, 1864, Representative Justin S. Morrill asked: "To what end more useful or grand, and at the same time simple and inexpensive, can we devote it [the Chamber] than to ordain that it shall be set apart for the reception of such statuary as each State shall elect to be deserving of in this lasting commemoration?" His proposal to create a National Statuary Hall became law on July 2, 1864:

text: Originally, all state statues were placed in National Statuary Hall. However, the aesthetic appearance of the Hall began to suffer from overcrowding until, in 1933, the situation became unbearable. At that time the Hall held 65 statues, which stood, in some cases, three deep. More important, the structure of the chamber would not support the weight of any more statues. Therefore, in 1933 Congress passed a resolution that:

text: Under authority of this resolution it was decided that only one statue from each state should be placed in Statuary Hall. The others would be given prominent locations in designated areas and corridors of the Capitol. A second rearrangement of the statues was made in 1976 by authorization of the Joint Committee on the Library. To improve the crowded appearance of the collection, thirty-eight statues were rearranged in Statuary Hall according to height and material. Statues representing ten of the thirteen original colonies were moved to the Central Hall of the East Front Extension on the first floor of the Capitol. The remainder of the statues were distributed throughout the Capitol, mainly in the Hall of Columns and the connecting corridors of the House and Senate wings. Legislation was introduced in 2005 that would authorize the collection to include one statue from each U.S. Territory, and another bill introduced in 2010 provides for participation by the District of Columbia. Neither passed.

text: Each statue is the gift of a state, not of an individual or group of citizens. Proceedings for the donation of a statue usually begin in the state legislature with the enactment of a resolution that names the citizen to be commemorated and cites his or her qualifications, specifies a committee or commission to represent the state in selecting the sculptor, and provides for a method of obtaining the necessary funds to carry the resolution into effect. In recent years, the statues have been unveiled during ceremonies in the Rotunda and displayed there for up to six months. They are then moved to a permanent location approved by the Joint Committee on the Library. An act of Congress (2 U.S.C. § 2132), enacted in 2000, permits states to provide replacements and repossess the earlier one.

text: A special act of Congress, Pub.L. 109–116, signed on December 1, 2005, directed the Joint Committee on the Library to obtain a statue of Rosa Parks and to place the statue in the United States Capitol in National Statuary Hall in a suitable permanent location. On February 27, 2013, Parks became the first African American woman to have her likeness in the Hall.[1] Though located in Statuary Hall, Parks' statue is not part of the Collection; neither Alabama (her birth state) nor Michigan (where she lived most of her later years) commissioned it, and both states are represented in the Collection by other statues.

text: Demographics[edit]

text: Women[edit]

text: The collection currently includes nine women:[2] Frances E. Willard, the first statue of a woman in the collection, was also sculpted by a woman, Helen Farnsworth Mears;[3] Helen Keller; Florence Sabin; Maria Sanford; Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to the House and, famously, the only Member of Congress to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars; Sakakewa and Sarah Winnemucca, two of the six American Indians in the collection; Mother Joseph, a native of Canada; and Esther Hobart Morris.

text: Non-White and Hispanic members[edit]

text: The vast majority of the collection is of White men, but it includes statues of Native Hawaiian Kamehameha I, six American Indians – Po'pay, Will Rogers, Sequoyah, Sakakewa, Washakie, and Sarah Winnemucca – and Dennis Chávez, the first person of Hispanic descent to be elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate. Junípero Serra was born in Spain.

text: Confederates[edit]

text: The collection contains several statues of leaders of the Confederate States of America, all men who engaged in rebellion against the government that so honors them. These include CSA President Jefferson Davis and Vice President Alexander Stephens and generals, most in Confederate Army uniforms – Robert E. Lee, Joseph Wheeler, James Z. George, Wade Hampton III, and Edmund Kirby Smith – as well as army officer Zebulon Baird Vance and private soldier John E. Kenna. Alabama replaced its statue of Confederate politician and army officer Jabez Curry in 2009. Florida approved plans to replace Edmund Kirby Smith in 2016 with a person yet to be determined.

text: Collection[edit]

text:
State
Honoree
Image
Medium
Sculptor
Date placed
Location

AL
Keller, HelenHelen Keller

Bronze
Edward Hlavka
2009
Capitol Visitor Center[4]

AL
Wheeler, JosephJoseph Wheeler
See also: Joseph Wheeler (sculpture)

Bronze
Berthold Nebel
1925
National Statuary Hall

AK
Bartlett, Edward Lewis "Bob"Edward Lewis "Bob" Bartlett

Bronze
Felix W. de Weldon
1971
House corridor, 2nd Floor

AK
Gruening, ErnestErnest Gruening

Bronze
George Anthonisen
1977
Capitol Visitor Center

AZ
Goldwater, BarryBarry Goldwater

Bronze
Deborah Copenhaver Fellows
2015
National Statuary Hall

AZ
Kino, Eusebio F.Eusebio F. Kino

Bronze
Suzanne Silvercruys
1965
Capitol Visitor Center

AR
Rose, Uriah MiltonUriah Milton Rose

Marble
Frederick Ruckstull
1917
National Statuary Hall

AR
Clarke, James PaulJames Paul Clarke

Marble
Pompeo Coppini
1921
Capitol Visitor Center

CA
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan

Bronze
Chas Fagan
2009
Rotunda

CA
Serra, JuniperoJunipero Serra

Bronze
Ettore Cadorin
1931
National Statuary Hall

CO
Sabin, Florence R.Florence R. Sabin

Bronze
Joy Buba
1959
Hall of Columns

CO
Swigert, JackJack Swigert

Bronze
George and
Mark Lundeen
1997
Capitol Visitor Center

CT
Sherman, RogerRoger Sherman

Marble
Chauncey Ives
1872
Crypt

CT
Trumbull, JonathanJonathan Trumbull

Marble
Chauncey Ives
1872
House corridor, 2nd Floor

DE
Clayton, John M.John M. Clayton

Marble
Bryant Baker
1934
Capitol Visitor Center

DE
Rodney, CaesarCaesar Rodney

Marble
Bryant Baker
1934
Crypt

FL
Gorrie, JohnJohn Gorrie

Marble
C. Adrian Pillars
1914
National Statuary Hall

FL
Smith, Edmund KirbyEdmund Kirby Smith[5]
See also: Edmund Kirby Smith (sculpture)

Bronze
C. Adrian Pillars
1922
Capitol Visitor Center

GA
Long, Crawford W.Crawford W. Long

Marble
J. Massey Rhind
1926
Crypt

GA
Stephens, AlexanderAlexander Stephens
See also: Alexander Hamilton Stephens (sculpture)

Marble
Gutzon Borglum
1927
National Statuary Hall

HI
Damien, FatherFather Damien

Bronze
Marisol Escobar
1969
Hall of Columns

HI
Kamehameha I

Bronze
Thomas R. Gould
1969
Capitol Visitor Center

ID
Shoup, George LairdGeorge Laird Shoup

Marble
Frederick Triebel
1910
National Statuary Hall

ID
Borah, William EdgarWilliam Edgar Borah

Bronze
Bryant Baker
1947
Capitol Visitor Center

IL
Shields, JamesJames Shields

Bronze
Leonard W. Volk
1893
Hall of Columns

IL
Willard, Frances E.Frances E. Willard

Marble
Helen F. Mears
1905
National Statuary Hall

IN
Morton, Oliver P.Oliver P. Morton

Marble
Charles Niehaus
1900
Senate Wing, 1st Floor

IN
Wallace, LewisLewis Wallace

Marble
Andrew O'Connor
1910
National Statuary Hall

IA
Kirkwood, Samuel JordanSamuel Jordan Kirkwood

Bronze
Vinnie Ream
1913
National Statuary Hall

IA
Borlaug, NormanNorman Borlaug

Bronze
Benjamin Victor
2014
National Statuary Hall

KS
Ingalls, John JamesJohn James Ingalls

Marble
Charles Niehaus
1905
National Statuary Hall

KS
Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower

Bronze
Jim Brothers
2003
Rotunda

KY
Clay, HenryHenry Clay

Bronze
Charles Niehaus
1929
National Statuary Hall

KY
McDowell, EphraimEphraim McDowell

Bronze
Charles Niehaus
1929
Capitol Visitor Center

LA
Long, Huey PierceHuey Pierce Long

Bronze
Charles Keck
1941
National Statuary Hall

LA
White, Edward DouglassEdward Douglass White

Bronze
Arthur C. Morgan
1955
Capitol Visitor Center

ME
King, WilliamWilliam King

Marble
Franklin Simmons
1878
House corridor, 2nd Floor

ME
Hamlin, HannibalHannibal Hamlin

Bronze
Charles E. Tefft
1935
National Statuary Hall

MD
Carroll, CharlesCharles Carroll

Bronze
Richard E. Brooks
1903
Crypt

MD
Hanson, JohnJohn Hanson

Bronze
Richard E. Brooks
1903
Senate corridor, 2nd Floor

MA
Adams, SamuelSamuel Adams

Marble
Anne Whitney
1876
Crypt

MA
Winthrop, JohnJohn Winthrop

Marble
Richard S. Greenough
1876
Hall of Columns

MI
Cass, LewisLewis Cass

Marble
Daniel Chester French
1889
National Statuary Hall

MI
Ford, GeraldGerald Ford

Bronze
J. Brett Gill
2011
Rotunda

MN
Rice, Henry MowerHenry Mower Rice

Marble
Frederick Triebel
1916
National Statuary Hall

MN
Sanford, Maria L.Maria L. Sanford

Bronze
Evelyn Raymond
1958
Capitol Visitor Center

MS
Davis, JeffersonJefferson Davis

Bronze
Augustus Lukeman
1931
National Statuary Hall

MS
George, James Z.James Z. George

Bronze
Augustus Lukeman
1931
Capitol Visitor Center

MO
Benton, Thomas HartThomas Hart Benton

Marble
Alexander Doyle
1899
National Statuary Hall

MO
Blair, Jr., Francis PrestonFrancis Preston Blair, Jr.

Marble
Alexander Doyle
1899
Hall of Columns

MT
Russell, Charles MarionCharles Marion Russell

Bronze
John B. Weaver
1959
National Statuary Hall

MT
Rankin, JeannetteJeannette Rankin

Bronze
Terry Minmaugh
1985
Capitol Visitor Center

NE
Bryan, William JenningsWilliam Jennings Bryan

Bronze
Rudulph Evans
1937
National Statuary Hall

NE
Morton, J. SterlingJ. Sterling Morton

Bronze
Rudulph Evans
1937
Capitol Visitor Center

NV
McCarran, Patrick AnthonyPatrick Anthony McCarran

Bronze
Yolande Jacobson
1960
Senate Wing, 2nd Floor

NV
Winnemucca, SarahSarah Winnemucca

Bronze
Benjamin Victor
2005
Capitol Visitor Center

NH
Stark, JohnJohn Stark

Marble
Carl Conrads
1894
Crypt

NH
Webster, DanielDaniel Webster

Marble
Carl Conrads (after Thomas Ball)
1894
National Statuary Hall

NJ
Kearny, PhilipPhilip Kearny

Bronze
Henry Kirke Brown
1888
Hall of Columns

NJ
Stockton, RichardRichard Stockton

Marble
Henry Kirke Brown (completed by
Henry Kirke Bush-Brown)
1888
Crypt

NM
Chavez, DennisDennis Chavez

Bronze
Felix W. de Weldon
1966
Senate Wing, 2nd Floor

NM
Po'pay

Marble
Cliff Fragua
2005
Capitol Visitor Center

NY
Clinton, GeorgeGeorge Clinton

Bronze
Henry Kirke Brown
1873
Senate Wing, 2nd Floor

NY
Livingston, Robert R.Robert R. Livingston

Bronze
Erastus Dow Palmer
1875
Crypt

NC
Vance, Zebulon BairdZebulon Baird Vance
See also: Zebulon Baird Vance (sculpture)

Bronze
Gutzon Borglum
1916
National Statuary Hall

NC
Aycock, Charles BrantleyCharles Brantley Aycock

Bronze
Charles Keck
1932
Crypt

ND
Burke, JohnJohn Burke

Bronze
Avard Fairbanks
1963
National Statuary Hall

ND
Sakakawea

Bronze
Arizona Bronze Atelier (after Leonard Crunelle, 1909)
2003
Capitol Visitor Center

OH
Garfield, James A.James A. Garfield

Marble
Charles Niehaus
1886
Rotunda

OH
Edison, ThomasThomas Edison

Bronze
Alan Cottrill
2016[6]
National Statuary Hall

OK
Sequoyah

Bronze
Vinnie Ream (completed by G. Julian Zolnay)
1917
National Statuary Hall

OK
Rogers, WillWill Rogers

Bronze
Jo Davidson
1939
House corridor, 2nd Floor

OR
Lee, JasonJason Lee

Bronze
Gifford MacG. Proctor
1953
National Statuary Hall

OR
McLoughlin, JohnJohn McLoughlin

Bronze
Gifford MacG. Proctor
1953
Capitol Visitor Center

PA
Fulton, RobertRobert Fulton

Marble
Howard Roberts
1889
National Statuary Hall

PA
Muhlenberg, John Peter GabrielJohn Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg

Marble
Blanche Nevin
1889
Crypt

RI
Greene, NathanaelNathanael Greene

Marble
Henry Kirke Brown
1870
Crypt

RI
Williams, RogerRoger Williams

Marble
Franklin Simmons
1872
Senate corridor, 2nd Floor

SC
Calhoun, John C.John C. Calhoun

Marble
Frederick Ruckstull
1910
Crypt

SC
Hampton, WadeWade Hampton

Marble
Frederick Ruckstull
1929
Capitol Visitor Center

SD
Beadle, William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison Beadle

Bronze
H. Daniel Webster
1938
National Statuary Hall

SD
Ward, JosephJoseph Ward

Marble
Bruno Beghé
1963
Capitol Visitor Center

TN
Jackson, AndrewAndrew Jackson

Bronze
Belle Kinney Scholz
and Leopold Scholz
1928
Rotunda

TN
Sevier, JohnJohn Sevier

Bronze
Belle Kinney Scholz
and Leopold Scholz
1931
National Statuary Hall

TX
Austin, Stephen F.Stephen F. Austin

Marble
Elisabet Ney
1905
Hall of Columns

TX
Houston, SamSam Houston

Marble
Elisabet Ney
1905
National Statuary Hall

UT
Young, BrighamBrigham Young

Marble
Mahonri Young
1950
National Statuary Hall

UT
Farnsworth, Philo T.Philo T. Farnsworth

Bronze
James R. Avati
1990
Capitol Visitor Center

VT
Allen, EthanEthan Allen

Marble
Larkin G. Mead
1876
National Statuary Hall

VT
Collamer, JacobJacob Collamer

Marble
Preston Powers
1881
Senate Wing, 1st Floor

VA
Lee, Robert E.Robert E. Lee
See also: Robert E. Lee (Valentine)

Bronze
Edward V. Valentine
1909[7]
Crypt

VA
Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington

Bronze
Jean Antoine Houdon
1934
Rotunda

WA
Whitman, MarcusMarcus Whitman

Bronze
Avard Fairbanks
1953
National Statuary Hall

WA
Joseph, MotherMother Joseph

Bronze
Felix W. de Weldon
1980
Capitol Visitor Center

WV
Kenna, John E.John E. Kenna

Marble
Alexander Doyle
1901
Hall of Columns

WV
Pierpont, Francis HarrisonFrancis Harrison Pierpont

Marble
Franklin Simmons
1910
National Statuary Hall

WI
Marquette, JacquesJacques Marquette

Marble
Gaetano Trentanove
1896
House corridor, 2nd Floor

WI
La Follette, Sr., Robert M.Robert M. La Follette, Sr.

Marble
Jo Davidson
1929
National Statuary Hall

WY
Morris, Esther HobartEsther Hobart Morris

Bronze
Avard Fairbanks
1960
Hall of Columns

WY
Washakie

Bronze
Dave McGary
2000
Capitol Visitor Center

text: Other Statues under the control of the Architect of the Capitol[8]

text:
Honoree
Image
Medium
Sculptor
Date placed
Location
Comment

Abraham Lincoln

Marble
Vinnie Ream
1871
Rotunda

Alexander Hamilton

Marble
Horatio Stone
1868
Rotunda

Edward Dickinson Baker

Marble
Horatio Stone
1876
Hall of Columns

James Madison

Marble
Walker K. Hancock
1976
James Madison Memorial Building

Portrait Monument to Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Marble
Adelaide Johnson
1920
Rotunda

Thomas Jefferson

Bronze
Pierre-Jean David d’Angers
1834
Rotunda

Ulysses S. Grant

Marble
Franklin Simmons
1899
Rotunda

Rosa Parks

Bronze
Eugene Daub
2013
National Statuary Hall

Frederick Douglass

Bronze
Steven Weitzman
2013
Capitol Visitor Center]]
approved by P.L. 112-179 in 2012 as a gift from the District of Columbia[9]

text: Replacement of statues[edit]

text: A 2003 change in the law allows a state to remove a previously placed statue from the collection and replace it with another. Since this change, seven states have replaced statues, with one of those states in the process of replacing a second statue; one other is in the process of replacing a statue:

text:
Kansas replaced its statue of George Glick with one of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 2003.[10] The Glick statue now resides at the Kansas State Historical Society in Topeka. Currently Kansas has plans to replace John James Ingalls with Amelia Earhart.[11]
California replaced its statue of Thomas Starr King with one of Ronald Reagan in 2009. The King statue now stands in Capitol Park at the California State Capitol in Sacramento."[12]
Alabama replaced its statue of Jabez Curry in 2009 with one of Helen Keller. The Curry statue now resides at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama.
Michigan replaced its statue of Zachariah Chandler with one of Gerald Ford in 2011.[13][14] The Chandler statue is now in the atrium of Constitution Hall in Lansing, Michigan.[15]
Iowa replaced its statue of James Harlan in 2014 with one of Norman Borlaug, who is considered the founder of the Green Revolution.[16] The Harlan statue is now displayed at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.[17]
Arizona replaced its statue of John Campbell Greenway in 2015 with one of Barry Goldwater. The Greenway statue is now at the Polly Rosenbaum Archives and History Building near the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix.[18]
As of June 2015, California was considering replacing its statue of Junipero Serra with one of astronaut Sally Ride.[19]
On October 2, 2015, North Carolina governor Pat McCrory signed a bill requesting to replace the statue of Charles Aycock with one of Reverend Billy Graham.[20] However, as legislation governing donation and replacement of statues states they must represent deceased individuals and Reverend Graham is still living, the statue may not be in place for several years.[21]
Ohio replaced its statue of William Allen with one of inventor and businessman Thomas Edison in 2016.[22][23] Allen's statue was returned to his hometown of Chillicothe.[6]


document_title: Great Big God

question_text: who wrote our god is a great big god

question_tokens: who wrote our god is a great big god

text: Great Big God

text: Great Big God is a Children's Christian music series from Vineyard Records UK.

text: History[edit]

text: In 2000, Nigel Hemming was approached by Vineyard Records UK to co-produce the first Vineyard UK children’s worship album.[1] The song entitled 'Great Big God', written by Nigel and Jo Hemming,[2] was recorded and became the title track of the first album to be released under the brand (Great Big God – released in September 2001).[3] The following Easter, the song was chosen for use in the all age worship slot at Spring Harvest, a national worship and teaching event in UK, and was featured on the live recording, Spring Harvest - Kids Praise 2002.

text: Since the launch of the album in 2001 Great Big God as a series has grown and to date six albums, a DVD and three-disc best of compilation CD have been released.[4] The popularity of the series has been noted by many Christian music reviewers. For example, in February 2006 Cross Rhythms said that the "Great Big God CDs have been amongst the most popular British-made children's worship albums of recent years".[5] In 2010 Cross Rhythms again reiterated the popularity of the series saying "Great Big God CDs and DVDs...have been hugely popular with both parents and kids".[6]

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Title
Artist
Year of release

Great Big God
Great Big God
2001

Great Big God 2: Tiny Little Me
Great Big God
2002

Great Big God 3: God's Love Is Big
Great Big God
2004

Great Big God Backing Tracks
Great Big God
2005

Great Big God for PreSchoolers
Great Big God
2005

Great Big God 4
Great Big God
2009

Great Big God Live'
Great Big God
2009

Great Big God 5: Ready to Go
Great Big God
2014

Great Big God Great Big Box Set
Great Big God
2016


document_title: Aladdin (1992 Disney film)

question_text: where does the disney movie aladdin take place

text: Aladdin (1992 Disney film)

text: Plot

text: In the city of Agrabah, Jafar, the Grand vizier of the Sultan, and his parrot Iago, seek the lamp hidden within the Cave of Wonders, but are told that only a "diamond in the rough" may enter. Jafar identifies a street urchin named Aladdin. Aladdin and his pet monkey, Abu, meet Princess Jasmine, who refuses to marry a suitor and temporarily leaves the palace. Aladdin and Jasmine become friends and fall in love. When the palace guards capture Aladdin, Jafar lies to Jasmine that Aladdin has been executed.

text: Jafar disguises himself as an old man, and sends Aladdin and Abu to the cave, ordering them to retrieve the lamp. There, Aladdin befriends a magic carpet and obtains the lamp. Abu inadvertently grabs a forbidden jewel and the cave collapses itself. After surviving with his friends, Aladdin rubs the lamp and meets the Genie, who is trapped inside of it. He tells him that he will grant him any three wishes. Aladdin tricks the Genie into freeing themselves from the cave without using a wish, and he uses his first to become "Prince Ali of Ababwa".

text: At Iago's suggestion, Jafar plots to become Sultan by marrying Jasmine. When Aladdin greets Jafar and the Sultan at the palace, Jasmine becomes upset at them. Refusing his friends advising him to tell Jasmine the truth, Aladdin takes Jasmine on a flight on the magic carpet. When she deduces his identity, he convinces her that he dresses as a peasant to escape the stresses of royal life. After Aladdin sends Jasmine home, he is ambushed by Jafar, but is rescued from drowning by the Genie with his second wish. Jafar tries to hypnotize the Sultan into agreeing to his marriage to Jasmine, but Aladdin appears and prevents Jafar from doing so. After Jafar returns to his room, he orders Iago to retrieve the lamp from Aladdin.

text: Realizing that he will become Sultan, Aladdin refuses to free the Genie. Iago steals the lamp and Jafar becomes the Genie's new master. He uses his first two wishes to usurp the Sultan and become the world's most powerful sorcerer, exposing Aladdin's identity and exiling him, Abu and the carpet to a frozen wasteland. However, they escape and return to the palace. There, Jafar tricks Jasmine into falling in love with him, but the Genie refuses to grant the wish. Jasmine feigns interest to distract Jafar and Aladdin tries to get the lamp, but Jafar stops Aladdin and traps Jasmine inside the hourglass. Jafar transforms into a giant cobra and tells Aladdin that he is the most powerful being in the world. However, Aladdin replies that the Genie is more powerful than him. Jafar uses his last wish to become a genie and create his own lamp. Aladdin frees Jasmine, and uses Jafar's lamp to trap the latter and Iago.

text: With the palace reverted to normal, the Genie sends Jafar's lamp far away through the desert, and suggests Aladdin to use his third wish to regain his royal title so the law will allow him to stay with Jasmine. Realizing that he has to be himself, Aladdin decides to keep his promise and frees the Genie. Realizing Aladdin and Jasmine's love, the Sultan changes the law to allow Jasmine to marry whom she chooses. The Genie leaves to explore the world, while Aladdin and Jasmine plan their marriage.

text: Cast

text:
Scott Weinger as Aladdin, a poor, but kind-hearted Agrabah thief. Weinger sent in a homemade audition tape with his mother playing the Genie,[2] and after several call backs he found six months later that he had the part.[3] Aladdin's supervising animator was Glen Keane. Brad Kane provides Aladdin's singing voice.[4]
Robin Williams as The Genie, a comedic genie, with nigh omnipotent power that can only be exercised when his master wishes it. The Genie's supervising animator was Eric Goldberg. Clements and Musker wrote the part of the Genie for Robin Williams, and, when met with resistance, created a reel of Williams' stand-up to animation of the Genie. The directors asked Goldberg to animate a Genie over one of Williams' old stand-up comedy routines to pitch the idea to the actor. The resulting test, where Williams talking about schizophrenia was translated into Genie growing another head to argue with himself, made Williams "laugh his ass off" and convinced him to sign on for the role. Williams' appearance in Aladdin (despite his appearance along with Christian Slater and Tim Curry in the early 1992 animated film FernGully) marks the beginning of a transition in animated film to celebrity voice actors, rather than specifically trained voice actors in animated film.[5] Williams provided many celebrity impressions during recording sessions, which were re-adapted into the fabric of the character. These included Ed Sullivan, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Groucho Marx, Rodney Dangerfield, William F. Buckley, Peter Lorre, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Arsenio Hall.[6] Williams also voices the Peddler, a mysterious merchant who appears at the beginning of the film. After promoting useless goods to the audience, he reveals the magic lamp and begins the story of Aladdin. The scene was completely unscripted — the production left Williams a table with props covered with a sheet and asked him to pull out objects without looking at them and describe them in-character. The double role originally led to the Peddler revealing to be the Genie disguised, but that idea was dropped later in development.[7] Bruce Adler supplies the singing voice for the Peddler, with Williams singing as Genie.
Jonathan Freeman as Jafar, the power-hungry Grand Vizier of Agrabah. Jafar was originally envisioned as an irritable character, but the directors decided that a calm villain would be scarier.[8] Freeman was the first actor cast and spent one year and nine months recording his dialogue. He later readjusted his voice after Weinger and Larkin were cast as he felt "Jafar had to be seen as a real threat to Aladdin and Jasmine".[9] Jafar's supervising animator was Andreas Deja, who tried to incorporate Freeman's facial expressions and gesturing into the character,[10] while Jafar's beggar and snake forms are animated by Kathy Zielinski.[11]
Linda Larkin as Princess Jasmine: The princess of Agrabah, who is tired of life in the royal palace. Larkin was chosen nine months after her audition, and had to adjust (or lower) her high-pitched voice to reach the voice the filmmakers were looking for in the character.[8] Jasmine's supervising animator was Mark Henn. Lea Salonga provides Jasmine's singing voice.[12]
Frank Welker as Abu, Aladdin's kleptomaniac pet monkey with a high-pitched voice. The animators filmed monkeys at the San Francisco Zoo to study their movements for Abu's character.[8] In the three years it took to record the film, Welker did not meet Weinger or Williams.[13] Welker also voices Jasmine's tiger Rajah and the Cave of Wonders.[11] Duncan Marjoribanks was the supervising animator for Abu, while Rajah was animated by Aaron Blaise.
Gilbert Gottfried as Iago, Jafar's sarcastic, foul-mouthed parrot assistant. Much like Robin Williams, Gottfried was given freedom to improvise his lines.[14] Iago's supervising animator Will Finn tried to incorporate some aspects of Gottfried's appearance into Iago's design, especially his semi-closed eyes and the always-appearing teeth.[8]
Douglas Seale as The Sultan, the pompous, but kind ruler of Agrabah, who desperately tries to find a suitor for his daughter Jasmine. Some aspects of the character were inspired by the Wizard of Oz, to create a bumbling authority figure.[8] The Sultan's supervising animator was David Pruiksma.
Jim Cummings as Razoul, the Captain of the Guard. He was named after layout supervisor Rasoul Azadani.[8] He and the other guards were animated by Phil Young and Chris Wahl.
Charlie Adler as Gazeem: A thief that Jafar sends into the Cave of Wonders at the beginning of the film but is trapped inside for being unworthy. Gazeem was animated by T. Daniel Hofstedt.
Corey Burton as Prince Achmed, a snobbish prince who is rejected by Princess Jasmine as her suitor.

text: Production

text: Script and development

text: In 1988, lyricist Howard Ashman pitched the idea of an animated musical adaptation of Aladdin. Ashman had written a 40-page film treatment remaining faithful to the plot and characters of the original story, but envisioned as a campy 1930s-style musical with a Cab Calloway/Fats Waller-like Genie.[15] Along with partner Alan Menken, Ashman conceived several songs and added Aladdin's friends named Babkak, Omar, and Kasim to the story.[16][17] However, the studio was dismissive of Ashman's treatment and removed the project from development in which Ashman and Menken were later recruited to compose songs for Beauty and the Beast.[18] Linda Woolverton, who had also worked on Beauty and the Beast, used their treatment and developed a draft with inspired elements from The Thief of Bagdad such as a villain named Jaf'far, an aged sidekick retired human thief named Abu, and a human handmaiden for the princess.[19][20] Then, directors John Musker and Ron Clements joined the production, picking Aladdin out of three projects offered, which also included an adaptation of Swan Lake and King of the Jungle – that eventually became The Lion King.[21] Before Ashman's death in March 1991, Ashman and Menken had composed "Prince Ali" and his last song, "Humiliate the Boy".[22]

text: Musker and Clements wrote a draft of the screenplay, and then delivered a story reel to studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in April 1991.[17] Katzenberg thought the script "didn't engage", and on a day known by the staff as "Black Friday," demanded that the entire story to be rewritten without rescheduling the film's November 25, 1992 release date.[23] Among the changes Katzenberg requested from Clements and Musker were to not be dependent on Ashman's vision,[16] and the removal of Aladdin's mother, remarking, "Eighty-six the mother. The mom's a zero."[24] Screenwriting duo Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio were brought in to rework the story,[17] and the changes they made included the removal of Aladdin's mother, the strengthening of the character of Princess Jasmine, and the deletion of several of the Ashman-Menken songs.[25] Aladdin's personality was rewritten to be "a little rougher, like a young Harrison Ford,"[17][26] and the parrot Iago, originally conceived as an uptight British archetype, was reworked into a comic role after the filmmakers saw Gilbert Gottfried in Beverly Hills Cop II. Gottfried was cast to provide Iago's voice.[27] By October 1991, Katzenberg was satisfied with the new version of Aladdin.[15] As with Woolverton's screenplay, several characters and plot elements are based on the 1940 version of The Thief of Bagdad,[28][29] the location of the film was changed from Baghdad, Iraq, to the fictional Arabian city of Agrabah.[30]

text: Design and animation

text: One of the first issues that the animators faced during production of Aladdin was the depiction of Aladdin himself.[32] Director and producer John Musker explains:

text:
“
In early screenings, we played with him being a little bit younger, and he had a mother in the story. [...] In design he became more athletic-looking, more filled out, more of a young leading man, more of a teen-hunk version than before.[32]
”

text: He was initially going to be as young as 13, but that eventually changed to eighteen.[32] Aladdin was designed by a team led by supervising animator Glen Keane, and was originally made to resemble actor Michael J. Fox. During production, it was decided that the design was too boyish and wasn't "appealing enough," so the character was redesigned to add elements derived from actor Tom Cruise and Calvin Klein models.[7]

text: The design for most characters was based on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld,[10] which production designer Richard Vander Wende also considered appropriate to the theme, due to similarities to the swooping lines of Persian miniatures and Arabic calligraphy.[33] Jafar's design was not based on Hirschfeld's work because Jafar's supervising animator, Andreas Deja, wanted the character to be contrasting.[34] Each character was animated alone, with the animators consulting each other to make scenes with interrelating characters. Since Aladdin's animator Glen Keane was working in the California branch of Walt Disney Feature Animation, and Jasmine's animator Mark Henn was in the Florida one at Disney-MGM Studios, they had to frequently phone, fax or send designs and discs to each other.[33] Animator Randy Cartwright described working on the Magic Carpet as challenging, since it is only a rectangular shape, who expresses himself through pantomime – "It's sort of like acting by origami".[33] Cartwright kept folding a piece of cloth while animating to see how to position the Carpet.[33] After the character animation was done, the carpet's surface design was applied digitally.[10]

text: For the scenery design, layout supervisor Rasoul Azadani took many pictures of his hometown of Isfahan, Iran for guidance.[8] Other inspirations for design were Disney's animated films from the 1940s and 50s and the 1940 film The Thief of Bagdad.[33] The coloring was done with the computerized CAPS process, and the color motifs were chosen according to the personality – the protagonists use light colors such as blue, the antagonists darker ones such as red and black, and Agrabah and its palace use the neutral color yellow.[8][10] Computer animation was used for some elements of the film, such as the tiger entrance of the Cave of Wonders and the scene where Aladdin tries to escape the collapsing cave.[10]

text: Musker and Clements created the Genie with Robin Williams in mind; even though Katzenberg suggested actors such as John Candy, Steve Martin, and Eddie Murphy, Williams was approached and eventually accepted the role. Williams came for voice recording sessions during breaks in the shooting of two other films he was starring in at the time, Hook and Toys. Unusually for an animated film, much of Williams' dialogue was ad-libbed: for some scenes, Williams was given topics and dialogue suggestions, but allowed to improvise his lines.[10] It was estimated that Williams improvised 52 characters.[35] Eric Goldberg, the supervising animator for the Genie, then reviewed Williams' recorded dialogue and selected the best gags and lines that his crew would create character animation to match.[10]

text: The producers added many in-jokes and references to Disney's previous works in the film, such as a "cameo appearance" from directors Clements and Musker and drawing some characters based on Disney workers.[11] Beast, Sebastian from The Little Mermaid, and Pinocchio make brief appearances,[8] and the wardrobe of the Genie at the end of the film—Goofy hat, Hawaiian shirt, and sandals—are a reference to a short film that Robin Williams did for the Disney-MGM Studios tour in the late 1980s.[11]

text: Robin Williams' conflicts with the studio

text: In gratitude for his success with Touchstone Pictures' Good Morning, Vietnam, Robin Williams voiced the Genie for SAG scale pay ($75,000) instead of his asking fee of $8 million, on condition that his name or image not be used for marketing, and his (supporting) character not take more than 25% of space on advertising artwork, since Williams' film Toys was scheduled for release one month after Aladdin's debut. For financial reasons, the studio went back on the deal on both counts, especially in poster art by having the Genie in 25% of the image, but having other major and supporting characters portrayed considerably smaller. The Disney Hyperion book Aladdin: The Making of an Animated Film listed both of Williams' characters "The Peddler" and "The Genie" ahead of main characters, but was forced to refer to him only as "the actor signed to play the Genie".[7][36][37]

text: Disney, while not using Williams's name in commercials as per the contract, used his voice for the Genie in the commercials and used the Genie character to sell toys and fast food tie-ins, without having to pay Williams additional money; Williams unhappily quipped at the time "The only reason Mickey Mouse has three fingers is because he can't pick up a check." Disney attempted to assuage Williams by sending him a Pablo Picasso painting worth more than $1 million at the time, but this move failed to repair the damaged relationship, as the painting was a self-portrait of the artist as Vincent van Gogh which apparently really "clashed" with the Williams' wilder home decor.[38] Williams refused to sign on for The Return of Jafar so it was Dan Castellaneta that voiced the Genie. When Jeffrey Katzenberg was replaced by Joe Roth as Walt Disney Studios chairman, Roth organized a public apology to Williams.[39]

text: Music

text: Composer Alan Menken and songwriters Howard Ashman and Tim Rice were praised for creating a soundtrack that is "consistently good, rivaling the best of Disney's other animated musicals from the '90s."[40] Menken and Ashman began work on the film together, with Rice taking over as lyricist after Ashman died of AIDS-related complications in early 1991.[41] Although fourteen songs were written for Aladdin, only six are featured in the movie, three by each lyricist.[42] The DVD Special Edition released in 2004 includes four songs in early animations tests, and a music video of one, "Proud of Your Boy", performed by Clay Aiken,[43] which also appears on the album DisneyMania 3.[44]

text: Themes

text:
"The original story was sort of a winning the lottery kind of thing. When we got into it, particularly coming in at the end of 1980s, it seemed like an Eighties 'greed is good' movie ... Like having anything you could wish for would be the greatest thing in the world and having it taken away from you is bad, but having it back is great. We didn't really want that to be the message of the movie"

—Ron Clements[33]

tag: div

text: The filmmakers thought the moral message of the original tale was inappropriate, and decided to "put a spin on it" by making the fulfillment of wishes seem like a great solution, but eventually becoming a problem.[33] Another major theme was avoiding an attempt to be what the person is not – both Aladdin and Jasmine get into trouble pretending to be different people,[8] and the Prince Ali persona fails to impress Jasmine, who only falls for Aladdin when she finds out who he truly is.[45] Being "imprisoned" is also presented, a fate that occurs to most of the characters – Aladdin and Jasmine are limited by their lifestyles, Genie is attached to his lamp and Jafar, to the Sultan – and is represented visually by the prison-like walls and bars of the Agrabah palace, and the scene involving caged birds which Jasmine later frees.[8] Jasmine is also depicted as a different Disney Princess, being rebellious against the royal life and the social structure,[46] and trying to make her own way, unlike the princesses who just wait for rescue.[33]

text: Release and reception

text: Theatrical run

text: A large promotion campaign preceded Aladdin's debut in theaters, with the film's trailer being attached to most Disney VHS releases, and numerous tie-ins and licensees being released.[47] After a limited release on November 13, 1992,[48] Aladdin debuted in 1,131 theaters on November 25, 1992, grossing $19.2 million in its opening weekend – number two at the box office, behind Home Alone 2: Lost in New York.[49] It took eight weeks for the film to reach number one at the US box office, breaking the record for the week between Christmas and New Year's Eve with $32.2 million.[50] The film held the top spot five times during its 22-week run.[51] Aladdin was the most successful film of 1992 grossing $217 million in the United States and over $504 million worldwide.[1] It was the biggest gross for an animated film until The Lion King two years later, and was the first full-length animated film to gross $200 million in North America.[52] As of January 2014, it is the thirtieth highest grossing animated film and the third highest grossing traditionally animated feature worldwide, behind The Lion King and The Simpsons Movie.[53] It sold an estimated 52,442,300 tickets in the US.[54]

text: Critical reception

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 94% of critics gave the film a positive review based on a sample of 68 reviews, with an average score of 8.1/10.[55]

text: Most critics' praise went to Robin Williams' performance as Genie,[55] with Janet Maslin of The New York Times declaring that children "needn't know precisely what Mr. Williams is evoking to understand how funny he is".[56] Warner Bros. Cartoons director Chuck Jones even called the film "the funniest feature ever made."[17] Furthermore, English-Irish comedian Spike Milligan considered it to be the greatest film of all time.[57] James Berardinelli gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the "crisp visuals and wonderful song-and-dance numbers".[58] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said the comedy made the film accessible to both children and adults,[59] a vision shared with Desson Howe of The Washington Post, who also said "kids are still going to be entranced by the magic and adventure."[60] Brian Lowry of Variety praised the cast of characters, describing the expressive magic carpet as "its most remarkable accomplishment" and considered that "Aladdin overcomes most story flaws thanks to sheer technical virtuosity".[61]

text: Some aspects of the film were widely criticized. Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine wrote a negative review, describing the film as racist, ridiculous, and a "narcissistic circus act" from Robin Williams.[62] Roger Ebert, who generally praised the film in his review, considered the music inferior to its predecessors The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast, and claimed Aladdin and Jasmine were "pale and routine." He criticized what he saw as the film's use of ethnic stereotypes, writing: "Most of the Arab characters have exaggerated facial characteristics - hooked noses, glowering brows, thick lips - but Aladdin and the princess look like white American teenagers."[63]

text: Awards

text: Aladdin also received many award nominations, mostly for its music. It won two Academy Awards, Best Music, Original Score and Best Music, Original Song for "A Whole New World" and receiving nominations for Best Song ("Friend Like Me"), Best Sound Editing (Mark A. Mangini), and Best Sound (Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson and Doc Kane).[64] At the Golden Globes, Aladdin won Best Original Song ("A Whole New World") and Best Original Score, as well as a Special Achievement Award for Robin Williams, with a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[65] Other awards included the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature,[66] a MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance to Robin Williams,[67] Saturn Awards for Best Fantasy Film, Performance by a Younger Actor to Scott Weinger and Supporting Actor to Robin Williams,[68] the Best Animated Feature by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association,[69] and four Grammy Awards, Best Soundtrack Album, and Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media for "A Whole New World".[70]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text: 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

text: "Friend Like Me" - Nominated

text: "A Whole New World" - Nominated

text: Home media

text: The film was first released in VHS on October 1, 1993, as part of the "Walt Disney Classics" line. In its first week of availability, Aladdin sold over 10.6 million copies,[71] and went on to sell over 25 million in total (a record only broken by the later release of The Lion King).[72] This VHS edition entered moratorium on April 30, 1994.[73] A THX-certified widescreen LaserDisc was issued in Autumn 1994,[74] and a Spanish-dubbed VHS for the American market was released on April 14, 1995.[75]

text: On October 5, 2004, Aladdin was rereleased onto VHS and for the first time released onto DVD, as part of Disney's Platinum Edition line. The DVD release featured retouched and cleaned-up animation, prepared for Aladdin's planned but ultimately cancelled IMAX reissue in 2003,[76] and a second disc with bonus features. Accompanied by a $19 million marketing campaign,[77] the DVD sold about 3 million units in its first month, but it was less than the number of copies, sold in that amount of time, by any other Platinum Edition released before it.[78] The film's soundtrack was available in its original Dolby 5.1 track or in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix.[43] The DVD went into moratorium in January 2008, along with its sequels.[79]

text: According to an insert in the Lady and the Tramp Diamond Edition release case, Aladdin was going to be released on Blu-ray Disc as a Diamond Edition in Spring 2013.[80] Instead, Peter Pan was released on Blu-ray as a Diamond Edition on February 5, 2013 to celebrate its 60th anniversary.[81][82] A non-Diamond Edition Blu-ray was released in a few select European countries in March 2013. The Belgian edition (released without advertisements, commercials or any kind of fanfare) comes as a 1-disc version with its extras ported over from the Platinum Edition DVD. The same disc was released in the United Kingdom on April 14, 2013.[83] Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on a Diamond Edition Blu-ray on October 13, 2015. The film was released on Digital HD on September 29, 2015.[84][85][86] Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart and debuted at number 2 at the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales behind the disaster film San Andreas.[87]

text: Controversies

text: One of the verses of the opening song "Arabian Nights" was altered following protests from the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC). The lyrics were changed in July 1993 from "Where they cut off your ear if they don't like your face," in the original release to "Where it's flat and immense and the heat is intense." The change first appeared on the 1993 video release.[88] The original lyric was intact on the initial CD soundtrack release, but the re-release uses the edited lyric. The rerecording has the original voice on all other lines and then a noticeably deeper voice says the edited line. The Broadway adaptation also uses the edited line.[89] Entertainment Weekly ranked Aladdin in a list of the most controversial films in history, due to this incident.[90] The ADC also complained about the portrayal of the lead characters Aladdin and Jasmine. They criticized the characters' Anglicized features and Anglo-American accents, in contrast to the other characters in the film, which are dark-skinned, have foreign accents and grotesque facial features, and appear villainous or greedy.[88]

text: Protests were also raised to another scene. When Aladdin is attacked by the tiger Rajah on the palace balcony, Aladdin quietly says a line that some people reported hearing as "Good teenagers, take off your clothes,"[91] which they considered a subliminal reference to promiscuity. However, according to the commentary track on the 2004 DVD, while Musker and Clements did admit Scott Weinger ad-libbed during the scene, they claimed "we did not record that, we would not record that," and said the line was "Good tiger, take off and go..." and the word "tiger" is overlapped by Rajah's snarl.[92] After the word tiger, a second voice can be heard which has been suggested was accidentally grafted onto the soundtrack. Because of the controversy, Disney removed the line on the DVD release.[93]

text: Animation enthusiasts have noticed similarities between Aladdin and Richard Williams' unfinished film The Thief and the Cobbler (also known as Arabian Knight under Miramax Films and The Princess and the Cobbler under Majestic Films International). These similarities include a similar plot, similar characters, scenes and background designs, and the antagonist Zig-Zag's resemblance in character design and mannerisms to Genie and Jafar.[94][95] Though Aladdin was released prior to The Thief and the Cobbler, The Thief and the Cobbler initially began production much earlier in the 1960s, and was mired in difficulties including financial problems, copyright issues, story revisions and late production times caused by separate studios trying to finish the film after Richard Williams was fired from the project for lack of finished work.[96] The late release, coupled with Miramax purchasing and re-editing the film, has sometimes resulted in The Thief and the Cobbler being labeled a rip-off of Aladdin.[95]

text: Live-action adaptations

text: Live-action prequel spin-off

text: On July 15, 2015, the studio started developing a live-action comedy adventure prequel called Genies. The film is being written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift, while Tripp Vinson is on board to produce via his Vinson Films banner. The film is intended to lead into a live-action Aladdin movie.[97] On November 8, Disney revealed it had originally planned to use Robin Williams' unused lines from the 1991–92 recording sessions for the film, but his will prohibited the studio from using his likeness for twenty-five years after his death.[98] After the announcement of the upcoming Aladdin remake, it has been assumed that this film has been cancelled.

text: Live-action film

text: In October 2016, it was reported that Disney was developing a live-action adaptation of Aladdin with Guy Ritchie signed on to direct the film. John August is writing the script, which will reportedly retain the musical elements of the original film, while Dan Lin is attached as producer.[99] Lin revealed that they are looking for a diverse cast.[100] In April 2017, Will Smith entered talks to play the Genie.[101] The following month, Jade Thirlwall entered talks to portray the role of Jasmine.[102] Alan Menken said filming is slated to begin August 2017.[103] Production had originally been scheduled to begin in July, but was delayed due to Disney having trouble finding the right people to play Aladdin and Jasmine. British actress Naomi Scott and Indian actress Tara Sutaria were being considered to play Jasmine. For the role of Aladdin, British actors Riz Ahmed and Dev Patel were initially considered, but it was later decided that a newcomer should be cast in the role.[104] In July 2017, it was announced that Egyptian-Canadian actor Mena Massoud has been cast as Aladdin, Naomi Scott has been cast as Jasmine, and Will Smith has been cast as the Genie.[105][106] At the 2017 D23 Expo, Alan Menken announced that he would be co-writing new songs for the film with Academy Award winners Pasek and Paul (La La Land)[107] while Vanessa Taylor (Game of Thrones) would re-write the script.[108][109] In August 2017, Marwan Kenzari, Nasim Pedrad, and Numan Acar joined the cast as Jafar, Dalia, and Hakim, respectively.[110][111] The following month, Billy Magnussen and Navid Negahban were cast as Prince Anders and the Sultan, respectively.[112][113] Filming began on September 6, 2017 at Longcross Studios.[114] The film is scheduled for release on May 24, 2019.[115]


document_title: I'll Keep Holding On

question_text: who wrote the song i'll keep holding on

question_tokens: who wrote the song i 'll keep holding on

text: I'll Keep Holding On

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"I'll Keep Holding On"Single by The MarvelettesB-side
"No Time for Tears"Released
May 11, 1965Format
7" singleRecorded
1965, Bell Sound Studios, New York City & Hitsville USAGenre
R&B, SoulLabel
TamlaSongwriter(s)
William "Mickey" StevensonIvy Jo HunterProducer(s)
William "Mickey" Stevenson, Ivy Jo HunterThe Marvelettes singles chronology

"Too Many Fish in the Sea" (1964)

"I'll Keep Holding On" (1965)

"Danger: Heartbreak Dead Ahead" (1965)

"Too Many Fish in the Sea"(1964)

"I'll Keep Holding On" (1965)

"Danger: Heartbreak Dead Ahead" (1965)

text: "I'll Keep Holding On" is a song composed by Mickey Stevenson and Ivy Jo Hunter and recorded by Motown singing group The Marvelettes, who released the single on the Tamla imprint in 1965. Peaking at #34 on the Billboard Hot 100 (and #11 on the R&B charts),[1] the single returned the group to the top forty after a year recording songs that performed below the top forty.[2] This was among the first A-side singles that longtime Marvelettes member Wanda Young sung lead on. Before 1965, the majority of the leads in Marvelettes songs had belonged to original member Gladys Horton. The single features a woman determined to win the love of an unknowingly conquest telling him that she'll convince him to love her "until my will to resist is gone". Her Marvelettes band mates Gladys Horton and Katherine Anderson egg her on with her ad-libbing "oh yeah/sho' nuff" in the bridge leading up to the chorus. The single was covered by British mod-pop act, The Action in 1966, released as "I'll Keep On Holding On". It then returned across the Atlantic in 1998 to be released on Mink Rat or Rabbit by the Detroit Cobras.

text: Credits[edit]

text:
Lead vocals by Wanda Young
Background vocals by Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson and The Andantes (Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow, Louvain Demps)
Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers
Drums by Benny Benjamin