document_title: Killer Within

question_text: who let the walkers in the prison in season 3

text: Killer Within

text: Plot[edit]

text: Outside the prison, an unidentified individual lures a group of walkers towards the prison, breaking open the front gate's lock to allow them inside.

text: In Woodbury, Michonne (Danai Gurira) is suspicious of how The Governor (David Morrissey) recovered supplies from a nearby National Guard camp, but he refuses to discuss it. She expresses her concerns with Andrea (Laurie Holden), and believes they should leave and head for the coast. Andrea would rather stay, and provides information on the Greene farmstead to allow Merle (Michael Rooker) to look for his brother Daryl. The Governor tells Meryl he will allow the search once Meryl obtains more concrete information. Andrea begins to become romantically involved with The Governor.

text: At the prison, Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) discusses with the others about making the prison their permanent home. The two remaining prisoners Axel (Lew Temple) and Oscar (Vincent Ward) request to join the group, but Rick, still distrustful, informs them of his intent to send them away at the end of the week.

text: The group gathers as Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) takes his first steps after the amputation of his foot. Suddenly, walkers swarm the courtyard, scattering the group. T-Dog (IronE Singleton) races after Carol (Melissa McBride) and sacrifices himself by barreling into a walker horde to let her escape. Rick, Glenn (Steven Yeun), and Daryl (Norman Reedus) find the gate's lock broken and re-secure it to prevent further walkers from entering. Rick accuses Axel and Oscar of the treachery, but an alarm begins sounding due to activation of a backup generator, potentially drawing more walkers. Rick realizes the prisoners cannot be at fault and lets them lead him to the generator room. There they find Andrew (Markice Moore), whom Rick had left for dead, as the instigator. Andrew is about to kill Rick when Oscar shoots him, and then turns the gun over to Rick. They stop the generator and disable the alarm.

text: Elsewhere, Carl (Chandler Riggs) covers for his mother Lori (Sarah Wayne Callies) and Maggie (Lauren Cohan) as they take shelter in a boiler room. Lori has gone into labor, but is bleeding profusely during her contractions. Lori demands Maggie perform a lethal Caesarean section to deliver the child. The baby is delivered safely, but Lori dies; Carl takes a moment to mourn before shooting her in the head to prevent reanimation.

text: With the walkers dealt with, the group rejoins in the courtyard, though Carol is still missing. Rick sees Carl and Maggie emerging from a cell block with the baby, but realizes Lori is not with them, and becomes hysterical.

text: Production[edit]

text: "Killer Within" was written by Sang Kyu Kim. Guy Ferland directed, his second such credit for The Walking Dead's third season.[1] Ferland previously directed episode 3, "Walk with Me".[2]

text: "Killer Within" signified the final appearances of Sarah Wayne Callies (Lori) and IronE Singleton (T-Dog) as regulars. Although Callies suggested Lori's death to Frank Darabont on numerous occasions, Glen Mazzara made the decision to kill her off.[3] The writing team chose to advance the revelation into the earlier part of the season, to provide "fresh" opportunities for the staff.[4] Mazzara and Callies conversed minimally about how Lori would die, but Callies opted to wait until the script's release to acquire more insight, since her character "doesn’t know she’s going to die".[3] She rehearsed and revised the dialogue with Mazzara for a couple of weeks. Some of the adjustments, Mazzara said, weren't initially in the script. "I just thought, it belongs there," Callies stated.[3]

text: To prepare for the death scene, Callies viewed the Stanley Kubrick-directed war film Full Metal Jacket (1987) with Ferland. She liked Arliss Howard's performance and described his character's demise as a brisk, "kind of strange death".[3] Callies did not practice her character's death with Riggs. Instead, the final day enabled them to possess "so many emotions in [their] hearts" and to deliver an emotionally poignant and raw performance.[3]

text: Producers trained Cohan to perform a Caesarian in preparation for the scene.[5] Callies wore a leotard-esque rig resembling a pregnant abdomen; a prosthetic abdomen was later glued onto the suit. This process took approximately one hour to complete.[5] Inside the prosthetic abdomen was additional layering that imitated a uterus, which held the fetus. An insert shot was taken while the abdomen was sliced open, emphasizing the uncontrollable blood flow. The liquid was pumped through a small tube attached to the front of the suit.[5]

text: Singleton was informed about his character's fate before production of the third season began[5] and had to avoid arousing any suspicion from the public, particularly T-Dog's fans.[6] Singleton said about his character's "heroic" death: "When I read [the script], I was thankful that he would go out as a hero. It made me feel really appreciated."[7]

text: Themes[edit]

text: The central theme in "Killer Within" is death. T-Dog sacrifices himself to allow Carol to escape, while Lori dies after an improvised operation, and Andrew dies while trying to kill Rick. Kirkman wanted Rick and Carl to develop a different psyche during the season[4] and Lori's death would serve as a catalyst for both characters' development. Rick's anguish manifests in much of the episode's concluding scene.[8] Kirkman agreed, proclaiming that not only was it inevitable, but it also develops Rick's character.[8]

text: Sarah Wayne Callies described her takes on the scene and its significance to TVLine: "I thought it was brilliant. I thought it was brilliantly shot to have Carl strong and cold in the foreground and Rick collapsed. I know they shot it a bunch of different ways. There were a bunch of different ideas about how that scene could play. But it was beautiful because in some ways it’s the apotheosis of Carl. It’s this young boy having just performed a great act of both mercy and violence [against] his mother recognizing that dad’s not going to be able to get me through this right now, so I’ll be the strong one."[9]

text: Both T-Dog and Lori's deaths were heroic by design and reflected their personal lives. Mazzara stated that T-Dog's stint as a football player became evident as "he just heroically acts as a linebacker and just clotheslines these walkers, even at his own expense."[4] Regarding Lori's demise, he professed that childbirth was heroic: "That heroism of a woman giving birth and paying a price and just being focused on the survival of her children is a beautiful story, and a story that's actually taken place millions of times throughout history."[4] In his article for Entertainment Weekly, Darren Franich linked facets of Lori's death to the Book of Job and suggested that it acted as a "triple" catharsis for the character.[10] Franich perceived Lori's extramarital affair with Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) as an allegorical allusion to Original Sin—a Christian theological concept of damnation—which then transitions into an "optimistic New Testament vision of hope" as Lori comes to terms with her destiny. "She was confident, and fearless, and heroic," Franich concluded in his review for "Killer Within".[10]

text: Hudson observed tribalism as a trope in "Killer Within", which he ascribed to the reluctance of Maggie, Rick, and others in the group to allow Oscar and Axel into their clan. The Los Angeles Times journalist noted that these characters had been severed from the cultural and social fabric of their past civilization for so long that they have reverted to "traveling in a small, tightly knit group, hunting and gathering, and regarding anyone who isn't part of their it as a deadly threat."[11]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The episode's initial broadcast attracted 9.27 million viewers,[12] significantly down from the previous episode, which amassed 10.51 million viewers.[13] "Killer Within" acquired a 4.9 rating in the 18-49 demographic. Despite steep decreases in weekly ratings, the episode was the night's top cable program in terms of ratings, beating out Real Housewives of Atlanta and Breaking Amish by a considerable margin.[12] In the United Kingdom, "Killer Within" garnered 893,000 viewers, the most-viewed television program of the week on FX.[14]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: "Killer Within" was lauded by television commentators. The Washington Post entertainment journalist Jen Chaney said that "Killer Within" offered the "most emotionally upsetting development" in the series to date,[15] a sentiment echoed by Time's Nate Rawlings, who argued that the episode was The Walking Dead's most powerful installment since "Beside the Dying Fire".[16] Bex Schwartz wrote in her review for Rolling Stone magazine that "Killer Within" was the program's best episode to date.[17] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan described it as a "taut, terrifically paced hour" with an "incredibly powerful ending",[18] while Eric Goldman of IGN called it "an incredibly tense [and] unrelenting" episode in his 9.5 out of 10 review.[19]

text: The fates of Lori and T-Dog garnered favorable reviews from television commentators. According to HitFix writer Alan Sepinwall, the moment when Lori and Carl share their goodbyes was the most heartbreaking event since the ending of the second season episode "Pretty Much Dead Already".[20] Los Angeles Times columnist Laura Hudson felt it was a grim departure for a character who endured long bouts of grief for reasons beyond her control.[11] Erik Kain from Forbes magazine found Lori's death especially difficult to watch, and was shocked by T-Dog's "sudden" death despite the fact that he "was never as prominent a figure" on the program. "As hard as these deaths were to watch," Kain wrote, "they also give me faith in the show."[21] Even though he stated that T-Dog died "a hero's death", Michael Rapoport of The Wall Street Journal concluded that Lori's "gut-churning" demise was the more memorable.[22]

text: Lori's demise was featured in The Huffington Post's list of "The Biggest 'OMG' TV Moments of 2012",[23] and placed nineteenth in Slate's article covering the year's most noteworthy television moments. Journalist Chris Kirk said that the segment was "utterly surprising", and pointed out that the writers beguiled viewers by shedding light onto Lori's crumbled relationship with Rick.[24]

text: Some reviewers presented more negative critiques. Ted Pigeon of Slant Magazine asserted that, although the latter half of the installment contained some of the show's most touching material, the methodology behind its narratives was "all too apparent".[25] Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club in his review felt the episode "stumble[d]" in how T-Dog and Lori were eliminated and in how the Woodbury storyline repeated what was already known. Handlen commented in his B+ review that "killing T-Dog and Lori earned the show an immediate thrill, but it also meant crossing off two potential sources of drama, people who had a history on the series, however thin or poorly developed that history might have been."[26]

text: The performances of The Walking Dead ensemble was a frequent topic in the critiques. Lincoln's performance received kudos from various media outlets including HitFix, Rolling Stone, and Slate.[17][27][28] To Goldman, Lincoln's collapsing onto the ground was a "suitably powerful and evocative" gesture that epitomized the essence of the series. In addition, the IGN writer commended Callies, Riggs, and Cohan for their performances in "Killer Within".[19] Sepinwall added that Callies "absolutely sold" the portrayal of a mother saying "goodbye to the son who had to grow up much too quickly".[20]


document_title: List of Governors of New Jersey

question_text: who was the governor of new jersey in 2006

root

text: List of Governors of New Jersey

text: Governors[edit]

text: New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies and was admitted as a state on December 18, 1787. Prior to declaring its independence, New Jersey was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

tag: p

text: The first New Jersey State Constitution, ratified in 1776, provided that a governor be elected annually by the state legislature, the members of which were selected by the several counties.[4] Under this constitution, the governor was president of the upper house of the legislature, then called the Legislative Council.[4] The 1844 constitution provided for a popular vote to elect the governor,[5] who no longer presided over the upper house of the legislature, now called the Senate. The 1844 constitution also lengthened the governor's term to three years, set to start on the third Tuesday in January following an election, and barred governors from succeeding themselves.[6] The 1947 constitution extended terms to four years, and limits governors from being elected to more than two consecutive terms, though they can run again after a third term has passed.[7]

text: The 1776 constitution provided that the vice-president of the Legislative Council would act as governor (who was president of the Council) should that office be vacant.[4] The 1844 constitution placed the president of the Senate first in the line of succession,[8] as did the subsequent 1947 constitution.[9] A constitutional amendment in 2006 created the office of lieutenant governor,[10] to be elected on the same ticket for the same term as the governor,[11] and if the office of governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[12] This office was first filled in 2010.

text:
Federalist (4)   Democratic-Republican (3)   Democratic (27)   Whig (4)   Republican (17)
(official numbering, does not include repeat or acting governors)

text:
#
[note 2]
Portrait
Governor
Term start
Term end
Party
Lt. Governor
[13]
Terms
[note 3]

1

William Livingston
August 31, 1776
July 25, 1790
Federalist
None
 13 1⁄2
[note 4]

—

Elisha Lawrence
July 25, 1790
October 29, 1790
Federalist
 1⁄2
[note 5]

2

William Paterson
October 29, 1790
March 30, 1793
Federalist
 2 1⁄2
[note 6]
[note 7]

—

Thomas Henderson
March 30, 1793
June 3, 1793
Federalist
 1⁄2
[note 5]

3

Richard Howell
June 3, 1793
October 31, 1801
Federalist
8
[note 8]

4

Joseph Bloomfield
October 31, 1801
October 28, 1802
Democratic-
Republican
1

—

John Lambert
October 28, 1802
October 29, 1803
Democratic-
Republican
1
[note 9]

4

Joseph Bloomfield
October 29, 1803
October 29, 1812
Democratic-
Republican
9
[note 10]

5

Aaron Ogden
October 29, 1812
October 29, 1813
Federalist
1

6

William Sanford Pennington
October 29, 1813
June 19, 1815
Democratic-
Republican
 1 1⁄2
[note 11]

—

William Kennedy
June 19, 1815
October 26, 1815
Democratic-
Republican
 1⁄2
[note 5]
[note 12]

7

Mahlon Dickerson
October 26, 1815
February 1, 1817
Democratic-
Republican
 1 1⁄2
[note 13]

8

Isaac Halstead Williamson
February 6, 1817
October 30, 1829
Federalist
 12 1⁄2
[note 14]
[note 15]
[note 16]

—

Garret D. Wall
—
—
Democratic
—
[note 17]

9

Peter Dumont Vroom
November 6, 1829
October 26, 1832
Democratic
3

10

Samuel L. Southard
October 26, 1832
February 27, 1833
Whig
 1⁄2
[note 13]

11

Elias P. Seeley
February 27, 1833
October 25, 1833
Whig
 1⁄2
[note 18]

9

Peter Dumont Vroom
October 25, 1833
November 3, 1836
Democratic
3

12

Philemon Dickerson
November 3, 1836
October 27, 1837
Democratic
1

13

William Pennington
October 27, 1837
October 27, 1843
Whig
6

14

Daniel Haines
October 27, 1843
January 21, 1845
Democratic
1
[note 19]

15

Charles C. Stratton
January 21, 1845
January 18, 1848
Whig
1
[note 20]

14

Daniel Haines
January 18, 1848
January 21, 1851
Democratic
1

16

George Franklin Fort
January 21, 1851
January 17, 1854
Democratic
1

17

Rodman M. Price
January 17, 1854
January 20, 1857
Democratic
1

18

William A. Newell
January 20, 1857
January 17, 1860
Republican
1

19

Charles Smith Olden
January 17, 1860
January 20, 1863
Republican
1

20

Joel Parker
January 20, 1863
January 16, 1866
Democratic
1

21

Marcus Lawrence Ward
January 16, 1866
January 19, 1869
Republican
1

22

Theodore Fitz Randolph
January 19, 1869
January 16, 1872
Democratic
1

20

Joel Parker
January 16, 1872
January 19, 1875
Democratic
1

23

Joseph D. Bedle
January 19, 1875
January 15, 1878
Democratic
1

24

George B. McClellan
January 15, 1878
January 18, 1881
Democratic
1

25

George C. Ludlow
January 18, 1881
January 15, 1884
Democratic
1

26

Leon Abbett
January 15, 1884
January 18, 1887
Democratic
1

27

Robert Stockton Green
January 18, 1887
January 21, 1890
Democratic
1

26

Leon Abbett
January 21, 1890
January 17, 1893
Democratic
1

28

George Theodore Werts
January 17, 1893
January 21, 1896
Democratic
1

29

John W. Griggs
January 21, 1896
January 31, 1898
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 21]

—

Foster McGowan Voorhees
January 31, 1898
October 18, 1898
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 22]

—

David Ogden Watkins
October 18, 1898
January 17, 1899
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 23]

30

Foster McGowan Voorhees
January 17, 1899
January 21, 1902
Republican
1
[note 24]

31

Franklin Murphy
January 21, 1902
January 17, 1905
Republican
1
[note 25]

32

Edward C. Stokes
January 17, 1905
January 21, 1908
Republican
1

33

John Franklin Fort
January 21, 1908
January 17, 1911
Republican
1
[note 26]

34

Woodrow Wilson
January 17, 1911
March 1, 1913
Democratic
 1⁄3
[note 27]
[note 28]

—

James Fairman Fielder
March 1, 1913
October 28, 1913
Democratic
 1⁄3
[note 29]

—

Leon R. Taylor
October 28, 1913
January 20, 1914
Democratic
 1⁄3
[note 23]

35

James Fairman Fielder
January 20, 1914
January 16, 1917
Democratic
1
[note 30]
[note 31]

36

Walter Evans Edge
January 16, 1917
May 16, 1919
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 13]
[note 31]
[note 32]

—

William Nelson Runyon
May 16, 1919
January 13, 1920
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 33]

—

Clarence E. Case
January 13, 1920
January 20, 1920
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 34]

37

Edward I. Edwards
January 20, 1920
January 15, 1923
Democratic
1

38

George Sebastian Silzer
January 15, 1923
January 19, 1926
Democratic
1

39

A. Harry Moore
January 19, 1926
January 15, 1929
Democratic
1

40

Morgan Foster Larson
January 15, 1929
January 19, 1932
Republican
1

39

A. Harry Moore
January 19, 1932
January 3, 1935
Democratic
 1⁄3
[note 13]

—

Clifford Ross Powell
January 3, 1935
January 8, 1935
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 33]

—

Horace Griggs Prall
January 8, 1935
January 15, 1935
Republican
 1⁄3
[note 34]

41

Harold G. Hoffman
January 15, 1935
January 18, 1938
Republican
1

39

A. Harry Moore
January 18, 1938
January 21, 1941
Democratic
1

42

Charles Edison
January 21, 1941
January 18, 1944
Democratic
1

36

Walter Evans Edge
January 18, 1944
January 21, 1947
Republican
1

43

Alfred E. Driscoll
January 21, 1947
January 19, 1954
Republican
2
[note 35]

44

Robert B. Meyner
January 19, 1954
January 16, 1962
Democratic
2

45

Richard J. Hughes
January 16, 1962
January 20, 1970
Democratic
2

46

William T. Cahill
January 20, 1970
January 15, 1974
Republican
1

47

Brendan Byrne
January 15, 1974
January 19, 1982
Democratic
2

48

Thomas Kean
January 19, 1982
January 16, 1990
Republican
2

49

James Florio
January 16, 1990
January 18, 1994
Democratic
1

50

Christine Todd Whitman
January 18, 1994
January 31, 2001
Republican
 1 1⁄5
[note 36]

51

Donald DiFrancesco
January 31, 2001
January 8, 2002
Republican
 1⁄5
[note 33]
[note 37]

—

John Farmer Jr.
January 8, 2002
January 8, 2002
Republican
 1⁄5
[note 38]

—

John O. Bennett
January 8, 2002
January 12, 2002
Republican
 1⁄5
[note 39]

—

Richard Codey
January 12, 2002
January 15, 2002
Democratic
 1⁄5
[note 39]

52

Jim McGreevey
January 15, 2002
November 15, 2004
Democratic
 1⁄2
[note 40]

53

Richard Codey
November 15, 2004
January 17, 2006
Democratic
 1⁄2
[note 34]
[note 37]

54

Jon Corzine
January 17, 2006
January 19, 2010
Democratic
1
[note 41]

55

Chris Christie
January 19, 2010
Incumbent
Republican

Kim Guadagno
2
[46]
[note 42]

tag: table

text: Acting governor[edit]

text: Prior to 2010, unlike most other states, New Jersey did not have the office of lieutenant governor. Until 2010, when the office of governor was vacant or the governor was unable to fulfill his/her duties through injury, the President of the State Senate served as the acting governor. The Senate President continued in the legislative role during his/her tenure as the state's acting chief executive, thus giving the person control over executive and legislative authority. The acting governor served either until the next general election, until the governor recovered from his/her injuries, or, if the governor died or resigned less than 16 months before end of the term, until the end of the term. Richard Codey served as acting governor of New Jersey until January 2006, following the resignation of Jim McGreevey in late 2004. Following the resignation of Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 to become EPA Administrator, Donald DiFrancesco assumed the acting governor's post. The position of lieutenant governor was created in the 2005 state election effective with the 2009 election.

text: Following Whitman's resignation and DiFrancesco's departure, John O. Bennett served as acting governor for three and a half days. During that time, he signed a few bills into law, gave a State of the State Address, and held parties at Drumthwacket, the New Jersey governor's mansion. Similarly, Richard J. Codey served as acting governor as well. Because control of the New Jersey State Senate was split, resulting in two Senate co-presidents, Codey and Bennett, each held the office of acting governor for three days. Perhaps this spectacle as much as any other factor led to the voters' decision to amend the state constitution to create the office of Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey.

text: Other high offices held[edit]

text: This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, and other governorships held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented New Jersey. Acting governors are included only when they filled a vacancy in the office of governor, not when they acted for a time when the governor was out of state or unable to serve.

text:
Governor
Gubernatorial term
U.S. Congress
Other offices held
Source

U.S. House
U.S. Senate

Livingston, WilliamWilliam Livingston
1776–1790
—
—
Continental Delegate (1774–1776)
[47]

Paterson, WilliamWilliam Paterson
1790–1793
—
S†
Continental Delegate, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court*
[48]

Henderson, ThomasThomas Henderson
1793
H
—
Elected as a Continental Delegate but declined
[49]

Bloomfield, JosephJoseph Bloomfield
1801–1802
1803–1812
H
—

[50]

Lambert, JohnJohn Lambert
1802–1803
—
S

[51]

Ogden, AaronAaron Ogden
1812–1813
—
S

[52]

Dickerson, MahlonMahlon Dickerson
1815–1817
—
S*
U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1834–1838)
[53][54]

Vroom, Peter DumontPeter Dumont Vroom
1829–1832
1833–1836
H
—
Minister to Prussia
[55]

Southard, Samuel L.Samuel L. Southard
1832–1833
—
S*
President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, U.S. Secretary of the Navy
[56]

Dickerson, PhilemonPhilemon Dickerson
1836–1837
H†
—

[57]

Pennington, WilliamWilliam Pennington
1837–1843
H
—
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (Feb. 1, 1860 – Mar. 3, 1861)
[58]

Stratton, Charles C.Charles C. Stratton
1845–1848
H
—

[59]

Price, Rodman M.Rodman M. Price
1854–1857
H
—

[60]

Newell, William A.William A. Newell
1857–1860
H
—
Governor of the Territory of Washington (1880–1884)
[61]

Ward, Marcus LawrenceMarcus Lawrence Ward
1866–1869
H
—

[62]

Randolph, Theodore FitzTheodore Fitz Randolph
1869–1872
—
S

[63]

Green, Robert StocktonRobert Stockton Green
1887–1890
H†
—

[64]

Griggs, John W.John W. Griggs
1896–1898
—
—
U.S. Attorney General*
[65]

Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
1911–1913
—
—
President of the United States*
[66]

Edge, Walter EvansWalter Evans Edge
1917–1919
1944–1947
—
S*
Ambassador to France (1929–1933)
[67]

Edwards, Edward I.Edward I. Edwards
1920–1923
—
S

[68]

Moore, A. HarryA. Harry Moore
1926–1929
1932–1935
1938–1941
—
S†*

[69][70]

Hoffman, Harold G.Harold G. Hoffman
1935–1938
H
—

[71]

Edison, CharlesCharles Edison
1941–1944
—
—
U.S. Secretary of the Navy
[72]

Cahill, William T.William T. Cahill
1970–1973
H†
—

[73]

Florio, JamesJames Florio
1990–1994
H†
—

[74]

Whitman, Christine ToddChristine Todd Whitman
1994–2001
—
—
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency*
[75]

Corzine, JonJon Corzine
2006–2010
—
S†

[76]

text:
Note: Garret D. Wall, who was elected to be governor in 1829 but declined, served as a U.S. Senator (1835–1841).[77]
Note: Gov. William Pennington (1837–1843) was appointed Governor of the Territory of Minnesota by President Millard Fillmore (1850–1853), but declined.

tag: ul

text: Living former U.S. governors of New Jersey[edit]

text: As of January 2017[update], there are eight former U.S. governors of New Jersey and two former acting U.S. governors of New Jersey who are currently living at this time, the oldest U.S. governor of New Jersey being Brendan Byrne (served 1974–1982, born 1924). The most recent U.S. governor of New Jersey to die and the most recently serving U.S. governor of New Jersey to have died was William T. Cahill (served 1970–1974, born 1912), on July 1, 1996.

text:
Governor
Gubernatorial term
Date of birth (and age)

Brendan Byrne
1974–1982
(1924-04-01) April 1, 1924 (age 93)

Thomas Kean
1982–1990
(1935-04-21) April 21, 1935 (age 82)

James Florio
1990–1994
(1937-08-29) August 29, 1937 (age 80)

Christine Todd Whitman
1994–2001
(1946-09-26) September 26, 1946 (age 71)

Donald DiFrancesco
2001–2002
(1944-11-20) November 20, 1944 (age 72)

John Farmer, Jr.
2002 (acting)
(1957-06-24) June 24, 1957 (age 60)

John O. Bennett
2002 (acting)
(1948-08-06) August 6, 1948 (age 69)

Richard Codey
2002 (acting)
2004–2006
(1946-11-27) November 27, 1946 (age 70)

Jim McGreevey
2002–2004
(1957-08-06) August 6, 1957 (age 60)

Jon Corzine
2006–2010
(1947-01-01) January 1, 1947 (age 70)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Only acting governors who filled a vacant office are included in the list. People who acted as governor for a period when the governor was out of state or unable to serve for a period are noted with their governor. It is possible other people acted as governor for short periods but were not recorded.
Jump up ^ Repeat governors are officially numbered only once; subsequent terms are marked with their original number italicized.
Jump up ^ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show how many times a governor was elected, and to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
Jump up ^ Died in office
^ Jump up to: a b c As vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor for unexpired term
Jump up ^ Resigned to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
Jump up ^ The National Governors Association states Paterson took office on October 30; however, older books specify that he took office on October 29.[14]
Jump up ^ Howell was in Pennsylvania in command of the New Jersey militia during the Whiskey Rebellion; during his absence, Thomas Henderson, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from September 20 to December 25, 1794.[15]
Jump up ^ The 1802 election was deadlocked, with the legislature unable to pick a candidate, giving up on November 25, 1802. Lambert, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor until the next election.[16]
Jump up ^ Bloomfield was in New York in command of Military District 3 during the War of 1812; during his absence, Charles Clark, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from June 1 to October 29, 1812, when Bloomfield's term ended.[17]
Jump up ^ Resigned to be a federal judge in the District of New Jersey.[18]
Jump up ^ All official listings omit Kennedy, who acted as governor for four months.[19]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate.
Jump up ^ Elected by the legislature to be governor upon Mahlon Dickerson's resignation.[20] Between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election, it is unknown who was acting governor.
Jump up ^ No source mentions anyone acting as governor between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election; the vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time was Jesse Upson, so he likely acted as governor.[21]
Jump up ^ Williamson was known to be a Federalist; though the Federalist Party ceased existing around 1820, no sources say Williamson changed his party affiliation, perhaps choosing to remain loyal to the Federalist ideals.[22] One source describes him as an "ex-Federalist" before he was even elected.[23] A contemporary source says he remained in office until the "Jackson party" controlled the legislature; as this is a reference to the Democratic-Republican Party, it can be assumed Williamson did not switch to that party.[24]
Jump up ^ Wall was elected on October 30, 1829; however, he declined the post, effective November 6, 1829.[25]
Jump up ^ Seeley was vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time of Southard's resignation; however, Seeley was elected governor rather than simply acting in the post for the rest of Southard's term.[26]
Jump up ^ The 1844 constitution took effect during Haines' first term, setting the end of his term at the third Tuesday in January.[6]
Jump up ^ First governor elected under the terms of the 1844 constitution, which increased term lengths from one to three years, and which also made him the first popularly elected governor.[6]
Jump up ^ Resigned to be U.S. Attorney General.
Jump up ^ As president of the Senate, acted as governor until his own resignation. Voorhees was nominated for governor for the 1898 election, but the constitution prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. To get around this, he resigned his Senate seat (and thus ceased being acting governor), so that he could run for governor, winning the race.[27]
^ Jump up to: a b As speaker of the house of representatives, acted as governor for unexpired term.
Jump up ^ Voorhees was out of the country in Europe for several weeks in 1900; William M. Johnson, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor from May 21 to June 19.[28][29][30]
Jump up ^ Murphy was out of the state twice in 1904; Edmund W. Wakelee, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor twice, and according to page 284 the 1905 Manual of the Legislature, served from April 25 to June 5, when Murphy was in Europe, and from June 14 to June 27, when Murphy was visiting Chicago and St. Louis.[31] However, page 16 of the same book states that he served from April 25 to June 5, and June 15 to June 27.[28] He actually took the oaths of office on April 26 and June 14.[30]
Jump up ^ Fort was out of the state for some time in 1909; Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen, Sr., as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period.[32]
Jump up ^ Resigned to be President of the United States.
Jump up ^ Wilson was out of the state for multiple periods during his administration.[29] Documented episodes include from May 3 to June 3, 1911, during which time Ernest R. Ackerman, as president of the Senate, acted as governor,[33][34] though another source states he took the oath on May 4.[35] Ackerman also acted as governor from October 25, 1911, for about a week, and again for about a week in mid-November, 1911.[36] John Dyneley Prince became president of the Senate in 1912, and is known to have acted as governor on at least 11 different occasions.[36]
Jump up ^ As president of the Senate, acted as governor until his own resignation. As with Voorhees, he had been nominated for governor for the 1913 election, but under the constitution could not succeed himself, so he resigned from the Senate to run, winning the election.[37]
Jump up ^ Fielder was out of the state for a time in June 1914; John W. Slocum, as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period.[38] Walter Evans Edge later became president of the Senate, and acted as governor for five weeks in 1915.[39] Later again, George W. F. Gaunt became president of the Senate and acted as governor, though only two days are specifically known: September 19, 1916 and October 9, 1916.[40]
^ Jump up to: a b One source states that George W. F. Gaunt, as president of the Senate, acted as governor in 1917, but it is unknown if he was acting in place of James Fairman Fielder or Walter Evans Edge.[29]
Jump up ^ Edge was out of the state for a time in 1918; Thomas F. McCran, as president of the Senate, is known to have acted as governor, but for an unknown period.[29]
^ Jump up to: a b c As president of the Senate, acted as governor until his Senate term ended.
^ Jump up to: a b c As president of the Senate, acted as governor for unexpired term.
Jump up ^ Driscoll's second term was the first elected under the terms of the 1947 constitution, which increased term lengths to four years.[7]
Jump up ^ Resigned to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
^ Jump up to: a b Acted as governor for longer than 180 days after January 1, 2001, so is considered a full governor pursuant to a 2006 law[3]
Jump up ^ As attorney general, acted as governor for 90 minutes between Senate sessions[41]
^ Jump up to: a b In early 2002, the state Senate was evenly split between Republicans and Democrats.[42] The compromise to pick a senate president – and therefore, an acting governor – was to have John Bennett, a Republican, act as governor from 1:30 p.m. January 8 to 12:01 a.m. January 12, and Democrat Richard Codey would then act from 12:01 a.m. January 12 to noon on January 15, at which point the elected governor Jim McGreevey took office.[43]
Jump up ^ Resigned due to a sex scandal involving an aide.
Jump up ^ Corzine was severely injured in a car accident on April 12, 2007; Richard Codey, as president of the Senate, acted as governor until May 7, 2007.[44] Corzine also left the country in 2010 for a vacation to Switzerland; Stephen M. Sweeney, as president of the Senate, acted as governor from January 14 to around January 17.[45]
Jump up ^ Governor Christie's second term expires January 16, 2018; he is term limited.

tag: ol


document_title: James Bond music

question_text: who has sung more than one bond theme

question_tokens: who has sung more than one bond theme

text: James Bond music

text: "James Bond Theme"[edit]

text: "James Bond Is Back"[edit]

text: The briefest of "James Bond themes", this composition started off the "Opening Titles" music of From Russia with Love. It was heard in the On Her Majesty's Secret Service film trailer. WLS (AM) used the theme in the mid-1960s for their secret agent radio serial "The Wild Adventures of Peter Fugitive" that appeared on "The Art Roberts Show".[1]

text: "007 Theme"[edit]

text: "007 Theme", not to be confused with the "James Bond Theme", is an adventure theme composed by John Barry in 1963 for the Bond film, From Russia with Love.[2] "The John Barry Seven" had pop chart hit with a cover version of Elmer Bernstein's theme to The Magnificent Seven that featured seven beats repeated throughout the theme. Barry used seven beats throughout the "007 Theme".

text: It became a secondary theme for the Bond films, being used throughout the series, primarily during action scenes. Here are its most notable appearances:

text:
From Russia with Love — Played during the gypsy camp gunfight and also during Bond's theft of the Lektor decoder from the Russian embassy in Istanbul.
Thunderball — Featured briefly in a climactic underwater fight and featuring on the film soundtrack album; a similar but different theme of seven beats is played when Bond runs from SPECTRE during a parade and during the climax.
You Only Live Twice — Played during the flight of "Little Nellie" before Bond battles four helicopters that attack him.
Diamonds Are Forever — Played during Bond's destruction of Blofeld's Headquarters.
Moonraker — Played during the Amazon River chase.

text: The theme has not been featured in its entirety in a Bond film since its use in Moonraker.

text: This piece of music was also used by Al Primo, the news director at KYW-TV in Philadelphia for its long-time theme to Eyewitness News, and was adopted by other Group W stations in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Boston and San Francisco as well as other non-Group W stations, including WLS-TV in Chicago. The theme was also sampled by Big Audio Dynamite for the 1986 song "Sightsee M.C!"

text: "Suspense" motif[edit]

text: Like John Barry, David Arnold has left his own mark in the music of James Bond. In this case, he has established what can be called the "suspense motif", which is a descending, repetitive four-note motif that can be heard in most of the Bond films he has scored, starting with Tomorrow Never Dies. It is usually an underlying motif playing under the main melody, and is usually orchestrated with piano trills, high strings, horns, blaring trumpets, and an underlying snare drum. This motif can be heard in:

text:
Tomorrow Never Dies — "Station Break", "*-3-Send", "Underwater Discovery"
The World Is Not Enough — "Pipeline", "Submarine"
Die Another Day — "Death of Moon", "Antonov"
Casino Royale — "Miami International", "Dirty Martini", and very briefly in "African Rundown"

text: Composers (Eon Productions)[edit]

text: The largest contributions to the Bond films, save for the "James Bond Theme", are works from John Barry. In addition to his uncredited contribution to Dr. No, Barry composed eleven Bond soundtracks and is credited with the creation of "007" (dominated by brass and percussion) and the popular orchestral theme from On Her Majesty's Secret Service.

text: Next to Barry, David Arnold is the series' most regular composer. He composed the scores for five Bond films: Tomorrow Never Dies through Quantum of Solace. His Barry-esque orchestrations combined with electronic rhythm elements gave the Pierce Brosnan era its musical identity. Arnold was essentially Barry's anointed successor, Barry having recommended Arnold to Barbara Broccoli when she took over the Bond films from her father Albert R. Broccoli.

text: Other major composers and record-producers include George Martin, Bill Conti, Michael Kamen, Marvin Hamlisch, Éric Serra and Thomas Newman. Each of these composed for only one Bond film, with the exception of Newman. The departures from John Barry had various causes. Sometimes Barry declined in order to avoid paying double income tax—US and UK. Sometimes the director had worked with the composer of his choice on other films—the latter happened to David Arnold with Skyfall and Spectre.

text:
Film
Year
Score composer

Dr. No
1962
Monty Norman

From Russia with Love
1963
John Barry

Goldfinger
1964

Thunderball
1965

You Only Live Twice
1967

On Her Majesty's Secret Service
1969

Diamonds Are Forever
1971

Live and Let Die
1973
George Martin

The Man with the Golden Gun
1974
John Barry

The Spy Who Loved Me
1977
Marvin Hamlisch

Moonraker
1979
John Barry

For Your Eyes Only
1981
Bill Conti

Octopussy
1983
John Barry

A View to a Kill
1985

The Living Daylights
1987

Licence to Kill
1989
Michael Kamen

GoldenEye
1995
Éric Serra

Tomorrow Never Dies
1997
David Arnold

The World Is Not Enough
1999

Die Another Day
2002

Casino Royale
2006

Quantum of Solace
2008

Skyfall
2012
Thomas Newman

Spectre
2015

text: Music from Eon Productions[edit]

text: Title themes[edit]

text: The "James Bond Theme" is the main theme for Dr. No, and has featured in all the Eon Productions Bond films in different versions. The theme has also featured on the gun barrel sequences at the beginning of the films. The original theme was written by Monty Norman, and was performed by John Barry and his orchestra in 1962. In the opening credits of Dr. No, two other pieces were played: an untitled bongo interlude and a Calypso-flavored rendition of "Three Blind Mice", titled "Kingston Calypso". Due to this, Dr. No is the only film to have more than one opening theme. The "James Bond Theme" reached No. 13 in the UK Singles Chart, and remained in the charts for 13 weeks.[3]

text: The opening credits of From Russia with Love were accompanied by an instrumental version of the main theme, arranged by John Barry and written by Lionel Bart. A single by The John Barry Orchestra reached No. 39 in the U.K. At the film's end, a vocal version by English singer Matt Monro is heard. This song spent 13 weeks in the U.K. charts, peaking at No. 20.[3]

text: Goldfinger was the third soundtrack composed by John Barry, and this time the theme song had lyrics written by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse. The soundtrack reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and spent 70 weeks on the charts.[4] It also peaked at No. 14 on the UK Albums Chart,[3] and received the Bond series first Grammy Award nomination, Best Original Score from a Motion Picture or Television Show.[5]

text: Welsh singer Shirley Bassey has performed the most Bond themes – she recorded the themes to Goldfinger, Diamonds Are Forever, and Moonraker. Bassey also recorded her own versions of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" for Thunderball and it was rumoured that "No Good About Goodbye" was intended for Quantum of Solace, however David Arnold said 'No Good About Goodbye' was never intended as a Bond song.[6]

text: Paul McCartney's performance of "Live and Let Die" was the first Bond theme song to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song; it reached No. 2 as a U.S. single, and No. 9 on the U.K. charts.[3][4] George Martin's work in the song won the Grammy for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists.[7] Marvin Hamlisch's (music) and Carole Bayer Sager's (lyrics) "Nobody Does It Better" (performed by Carly Simon) received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, as did Bill Conti's "For Your Eyes Only", which was performed by Sheena Easton. It was not until the 2013 Oscars that a Bond theme song finally won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the theme song from Skyfall by Adele. Thomas Newman's score also got the first nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Score in the series since Hamlisch's own for The Spy Who Loved Me, while winning the Grammy for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media. Adele's song also won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[8] Sam Smith's "Writing's on the Wall" from Spectre would also win the Oscar for Best Original Song.

text: Duran Duran and John Barry's "A View To A Kill" topped the singles charts in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, the only Bond theme to hit No. 1 in the United States.[4] No James Bond theme had topped the charts in the UK until Sam Smith's "Writing's on the Wall" entered the charts at number one on 2 October 2015.[9]

text: Several of the later films have alternative theme songs, often during the closing credits. The Living Daylights featured The Pretenders performing "If There Was a Man," composed by John Barry with Chrissie Hynde. Licence to Kill has "If You Asked Me To" sung by Patti Labelle. GoldenEye featured Éric Serra's "The Experience of Love". Tomorrow Never Dies included k.d. lang's "Surrender" during the closing credits, a song which was originally proposed by composer David Arnold to be the title sequence theme instead of the Sheryl Crow title song. The "Surrender" theme is heard throughout the score while the melody of Sheryl Crow's song is not used again during the film. This hearkens back to the Thunderball soundtrack, where Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang was originally proposed as the opening credits music, only to be replaced by the eponymous title track as sung by Tom Jones.[10]

text: On Her Majesty's Secret Service featured an instrumental theme tune, something which remains unique amongst the post-From Russia with Love films, and included a vocal theme in the form of Louis Armstrong's performance of "We Have All the Time in the World", written by John Barry and Hal David.

text:
Film
Year
Score composer
Title song
Composed by
Performed by
U.K. peak
position
U.S. peak
position

Dr. No
(soundtrack)
1962
Monty Norman
"James Bond Theme"
Monty Norman
John Barry & Orchestra; Monty Norman
13
—

"Kingston Calypso1"
1. The 'Kingston Calypso' is a.k.a. 'Three Blind Mice'

Byron Lee and the Dragonaires
—
—

From Russia with Love
(soundtrack)
1963
John Barry
"Opening Titles: James Bond Is Back/From Russia with Love/James Bond Theme"
John Barry
Lionel Bart
Monty Norman
John Barry (title sequence)
Matt Monro (vocal version heard in film first as source music over a radio and then during closing credits)
20
—

Goldfinger
(soundtrack)
1964
"Goldfinger"
Leslie Bricusse
Anthony Newley
John Barry
Shirley Bassey
21
8

Thunderball
(soundtrack)
1965
"Thunderball"
John Barry
Don Black
Tom Jones
35
25

You Only Live Twice
(soundtrack)
1967
"You Only Live Twice"
Leslie Bricusse
John Barry
Nancy Sinatra (charted single is produced by Lee Hazlewood and arranged by Billy Strange and in marked contrast to soundtrack version)
11
44

On Her Majesty's Secret Service
(soundtrack)
1969
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service"
John Barry
Hal David
The John Barry Orchestra
—
—

"We Have All the Time in the World"
(secondary theme)
Louis Armstrong
3
—

Diamonds Are Forever
(soundtrack)
1971
"Diamonds Are Forever"
John Barry
Don Black
Shirley Bassey
38
57

Live and Let Die
(soundtrack)
1973
George Martin
"Live and Let Die"
Paul McCartney
Linda McCartney
Paul McCartney & Wings
9
2

The Man with the Golden Gun
(soundtrack)
1974
John Barry
"The Man with the Golden Gun"
John Barry
Don Black
Lulu
—
—

The Spy Who Loved Me
(soundtrack)
1977
Marvin Hamlisch
"Nobody Does It Better"
Marvin Hamlisch
Carole Bayer Sager
Carly Simon
7
2

Moonraker
(soundtrack)
1979
John Barry
"Moonraker"
John Barry
Hal David
Shirley Bassey
—
—

For Your Eyes Only
(soundtrack)
1981
Bill Conti
"For Your Eyes Only"
Bill Conti
Mick Leeson
Sheena Easton
8
4

Octopussy
(soundtrack)
1983
John Barry
"All Time High"
John Barry
Tim Rice
Stephen Short
Rita Coolidge
75
36

A View to a Kill
(soundtrack)
1985
"A View to a Kill"
John Barry
Duran Duran
Duran Duran
2
1

The Living Daylights
(soundtrack)
1987
"The Living Daylights"
John Barry
Pål Waaktaar
A-ha
5
—

Licence to Kill
(soundtrack)
1989
Michael Kamen
"Licence to Kill"
Narada Michael Walden
Jeffrey Cohen
Walter Afanasieff
Gladys Knight
6
—

GoldenEye
(soundtrack)
1995
Éric Serra
"GoldenEye"
Bono
The Edge
Tina Turner
10
102 [11]

Tomorrow Never Dies
(soundtrack)
1997
David Arnold
"Tomorrow Never Dies"
Sheryl Crow
Mitchell Froom
Sheryl Crow
12
—

The World Is Not Enough
(soundtrack)
1999
"The World Is Not Enough"
David Arnold
Don Black
Garbage
11
—

Die Another Day
(soundtrack)
2002
"Die Another Day"
Madonna
Mirwais Ahmadzaï
Madonna
3
8

Casino Royale
(soundtrack)
2006
"You Know My Name"
David Arnold
Chris Cornell
Chris Cornell
7
79

Quantum of Solace
(soundtrack)
2008
"Another Way to Die"
Jack White
Jack White
Alicia Keys
9
81

Skyfall
(soundtrack)
2012
Thomas Newman
"Skyfall"
Adele
Paul Epworth
Adele
2
8

Spectre
(soundtrack)
2015
"Writing's on the Wall"
Sam Smith
Jimmy Napes
Sam Smith
1
71

text:
A song titled "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" sung by Shirley Bassey was originally slated to be the theme song of Thunderball. It was re-recorded by Dionne Warwick, but Albert Broccoli insisted the theme song must include the film's title and also decided that the lyrics should not start before the film's title Thunderball appears on-screen. A new song was composed and recorded at the eleventh hour titled "Thunderball", performed by Tom Jones. The melody of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" remains a major component of the film score.[12]
The songs "All Time High" (Octopussy), "You Know My Name" (Casino Royale), "Another Way to Die" (Quantum of Solace) and "Writing's on the Wall" (Spectre) do not feature the title of its film either in the song title or lyrics (although "Another Way to Die" features the word "solace" in the second stanza). While not named after the film, "Nobody Does It Better" does feature the line "the spy who loved me" in its lyrics.[13]
"You Know My Name", "Skyfall",[14] and "Writing's on the Wall" do not appear on their respective films' soundtrack albums, having been released as standalone singles instead.

text: Secondary songs[edit]

text: A number of Bond films include one (or more) additional songs in the soundtrack. Some of these pieces of music, such as "We Have All the Time in the World" by Louis Armstrong, have gone on to become as well known as the main themes, while other songs remain exclusively linked to the film in which they appear.

text:
Film
Title
Year
Performed by

Dr. No
"Jump Up!"
"Three Blind Mice1"
"Jamaican Rock"
"Under the Mango Tree"
1 'Three Blind Mice' is a.k.a. the 'Kingston Calypso'

1962
Byron Lee and the Dragonaires
Monty Norman
Diana Coupland

From Russia with Love
"From Russia With Love" (End Credits)
1963
Matt Monro

Thunderball
"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang"
1965
Dionne Warwick
and another version by Shirley Bassey
(not on soundtrack, only instrumental version appears in film)

On Her Majesty's Secret Service
"We Have All the Time in the World"
"Do You Know How Christmas Trees Are Grown?"
1969
Louis Armstrong
Nina

For Your Eyes Only
"Make It Last All Night"
1981
Rage

A View to a Kill
"California Gold" (not on soundtrack)
1985
Gidea Park

The Living Daylights
"Where Has Everybody Gone?"
"If There Was a Man"
1987
The Pretenders

Licence to Kill
"If You Asked Me To"
"Wedding Party"
"Dirty Love"
1989
Patti Labelle
Ivory
Tim Feehan

GoldenEye
"The Experience of Love"
"James Bond Theme" (GoldenEye trailer version)
1995
Éric Serra
Starr Parodi and Jeff Fair (used in teasers, not in film)

Tomorrow Never Dies
"Surrender"
"James Bond Theme"
1997
k.d. lang
Moby (trailer music)

The World Is Not Enough
"Only Myself to Blame"
"James Bond Theme" (End Title)
"Sweetest Coma Again" (Japanese End Title)
1999
Scott Walker (original end credits song, not in film)
David Arnold (not on soundtrack)
Luna Sea (only on Japanese soundtrack)

Die Another Day
"London Calling"
"James Bond Theme (Bond vs. Oakenfold)"
2002
The Clash (not on soundtrack)
Paul Oakenfold (trailer music)

text:
Dionne Warwick's performance of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" is never actually heard in Thunderball; it was originally to have been the opening credits theme, but this was changed when Albert Broccoli decreed the theme had to include the film's title. The melody of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" is heard throughout the film; Warwick's version was finally released in the 1990s.
The original end title theme to The World Is Not Enough was "Only Myself to Blame", composed by David Arnold and Don Black, and sung by Scott Walker, but was left out of the final film and replaced by an Arnold arrangement of the "James Bond Theme". "Blame" was, however, left on The World Is Not Enough soundtrack album, and its melody, representing the Elektra King character, appears throughout the score, most prominently in the tracks "Casino" and "Elektra's Theme."
Matt Monro's vocal rendition of "From Russia with Love" is often considered the official theme song for that film, even though the opening credits use an instrumental version that also incorporates the "James Bond Theme." Monro's version isn't heard until about 15 minutes into the film over a radio as source music, and again over the closing titles.

text: Foreign songs[edit]

text: Some songs have been dubbed for the foreign versions of the films.

text:
Film
Original title
Translated title
Performer
Country

From Russia with Love
"From Russia with Love"
"Bons baisers de Russie"
"Die Wolga ist weit" (not on DVD releases)
Bob Asklof
Ruth Berlé
France
Germany

On Her Majesty's Secret Service
"Do You Know How Christmas Trees Are Grown?"
"Savez-vous ce qu'il faut au sapin de Noël?"
"Wovon träumt ein Weihnachtsbaum im Mai?" (on German DVD releases)
Isabelle Aubret
Katja Ebstein
France
Germany

Diamonds Are Forever
"Diamonds Are Forever"
"Vivo di diamanti"
Shirley Bassey
Italy

text:
'Goldfinger' was sung in Spanish by Karina (María Isabel Llaudes Santiago), a French version was sung by both John William and Catherine Elia and an Italian version was recorded by Vanna Scotti. It is unknown (to this editor) if either of these versions was used to replace the original in the movie.
'Feuerball' sung by Alan Corb was, in 1965, the German Cover version of 'thunderball' (sung by Tom Jones). It is unknown (to this editor) if the German version was used to replace the original in the German version of the movie. The B-side of the single contained a German version, also sung by Alan Corb, of Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang with that title, creating the bizarre situation that a vocal 'cover' version of the song was published before the original vocal version(s) (sung by both by Shirley Bassey and Dionne Warwick), which were both published in the early 1990s with 'The Best of James Bond' 30th Anniversary and 30th Anniversary Limited Edition albums.
'Man Lebt Nur Zweimal' sung by Gissy André was, in 1967, the German Cover version of 'You Only Live Twice' (sung by Nancy Sinatra). It is unknown (to this editor) if the German version was used to replace the original in the German version of the movie.
'Tu vivras deux fois' sung by Lucky Blondo was, in 1967, the French Cover version of 'You Only Live Twice' (sung by Nancy Sinatra). It is unknown (to this editor) if the French version was used to replace the original in the French version of the movie, one source claims it was not.
'In Deinen Augen', sung by Sollie Nero, was, in 1981, the German Cover version of 'For Your Eyes Only' (sung by Sheena Easton). It is unknown (to this editor) if the German version was used to replace the original in the German version of the movie.

text: Additional music[edit]

text:
Film
Title
Score composer

The Spy Who Loved Me
"Lawrence of Arabia Theme"
"Doctor Zhivago Theme" (Music box)
"Concerto for Piano N°21" (Elvira Madigan) – Andante
"Air on the G String"
Maurice Jarre
Maurice Jarre
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Johann Sebastian Bach

Moonraker
"Close Encounters of the Third Kind Theme"
"The Magnificent Seven Theme"
"Prelude No. 15 (Raindrop prelude)"
John Williams
Elmer Bernstein
Frédéric Chopin

A View to a Kill
"The Four Seasons"
"Swan Lake"
Antonio Vivaldi
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

The Living Daylights
"40th Symphony in G minor" (1st movement)
"Finale-Act II-Le Nozze di Figaro"
"String Quartet in D major"
"Variations on a Rococo Theme"
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Alexander Borodin
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Goldeneye
"Stand By Your Man" (Minnie Driver)
Billy Sherrill / Tammy Wynette

Tomorrow Never Dies
"It Had to Be You" (Instrumental)
Gus Kahn / Isham Jones

text: Non-Eon Productions songs[edit]

text: Main title themes[edit]

text:
Film
Year
Score composer
Title song
Performed by

Casino Royale
1967
Burt Bacharach
"Casino Royale"
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass

Never Say Never Again
1983
Michel Legrand
"Never Say Never Again"
Lani Hall

text: The closing credits of Casino Royale use a vocal version of "Casino Royale" sung by Mike Redway, who remained uncredited until the release of the 2012 '45th anniversary' edition of the soundtrack.

text: Secondary songs[edit]

text:
Film
Title
Year
Performed by

Casino Royale
"The Look of Love"
"Dream on James, You're Winning"

1967
Dusty Springfield
Mike Redway

Never Say Never Again
"Une Chanson d'Amour"
1983
Sophie Della

text:
The soundtrack to the 1967 spoof Casino Royale also included two short comedic songs sung in a 1920s style. One led into an instrumental version of "The Look of Love" and began with the line "James Bond playing at Casino Royale..."; later, this tune was reprised as "Seven James Bonds at Casino Royale" which lead into a lyrical version of the theme sung by Mike Redway that played over the closing credits.
"The Look of Love" was the first song from any Bond film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, six years before the first nomination from an Eon Bond film. It remains the only song from a non-Eon Bond film ever so nominated.

text: Foreign songs[edit]

text: 'Les yeux de l'amour' sung by Mireille Mathieu was, in 1967, the French cover version of 'The Look of Love' (sung by Dusty Springfield). It is unknown (to this editor) if this version was used to replace the original in the movie.

text: Rejected songs[edit]

text: A version of 'Never Say Never Again' was recorded by Phyllis Hyman, but was rejected in favour of Lani Hall's version.

text: Unused songs[edit]

text: A number of songs were written as potential Bond themes but went unused. These include:

text:
"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" by Dionne Warwick / Shirley Bassey was written as the title theme for Thunderball. Its title refers to a nickname given to Bond by an Italian journalist in 1962. Warwick and Bassey both recorded versions, but halfway through the scoring process, producer Albert Broccoli decided that the film's title must appear in the lyrics, so "Thunderball" was commissioned. The song's melody still plays a prominent role in the score and both singers' versions have appeared on compilations in the 1990s.
"Thunderball" by Johnny Cash, which was published on his 'official' Bootleg vol. II in 2011 From Memphis to Hollywood.
"Run James Run" by Brian Wilson, intended as a Bond theme, but ultimately released as the eponymous track on the Beach Boys' album Pet Sounds.
"You Only Live Twice" by Julie Rogers is included on the 30th-anniversary release of The Best of James Bond.
"You Only Live Twice" by Lorraine Chandler appears on R(are) C(ollectable) A(nd Soulful) Volume 2.
"The Man with the Golden Gun" by Alice Cooper appears on his 1973 album Muscle of Love
"For Your Eyes Only" by Blondie appears on their 1982 album The Hunter.
"Never Say Never Again" by Phyllis Hyman was intended for Never Say Never Again.
"The Living Daylights" by Pet Shop Boys was adapted from a demo theme for The Living Daylights, later reworked as "This Must Be the Place I Waited Years to Leave". It appears on their 1990 album Behaviour.[15]
"The Juvenile" by Ace of Base was originally written in 1995 as "The Goldeneye", then rewritten as "The Juvenile" and released in 2002 on Da Capo.
"Tomorrow Never Lies" by Pulp, originally titled "Tomorrow Never Dies", was released as a B-side on their 1997 single "Help the Aged", and on the vinyl version of their 1998 album This Is Hardcore.
"Tomorrow Never Dies" by Saint Etienne appears on their Built on Sand album. The liner notes state that Pierce Brosnan kept the master tape of the song. Other artists who submitted Tomorrow Never Dies themes include Marc Almond, Swan Lee, the Cardigans and Space.
"Man of War" was written by the English band Radiohead in the 1990s.[16] Radiohead submitted it for Spectre, but it was rejected as it had not been written for the film.[17]
"Spectre" was written by Radiohead for Spectre after "Man of War" was rejected. It was rejected as too melancholy.[18]

text: Cover versions and spin-offs[edit]

text: Bond music has inspired a number of cover albums in a variety of genres, including the 2007 album Mister Bond – A Jazzy Cocktail of Ice Cold Themes (lounge), Shaken and Stirred: The David Arnold James Bond Project featuring David Arnold collaborating with several contemporary artists. The City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra recorded several albums with Bond music and performs in premieres and special events of Bond films. Britain's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra released an album of several Bond songs performances called Best Of James Bond, some of which were used on the "Ultimate Edition" DVD releases menus. Billy Strange released "Secret Agent File" in 1965. Death metal cover band Ten Masked Men has included at least one Bond theme on each of their albums. In 2004, The Cavaliers play a show titled "007" using Bond music, such as "GoldenEye", "For Your Eyes Only", "Live and Let Die", "Hovercraft Chase", "Welcome to Cuba" and "Paris and Bond". Some of them are Italo disco-like rhythms and soundtrack albums promote hits that matches the film's theme. In 2000 'An Electronika Tribute to James Bond' album was released adding yet another genre to the Bond fandom.

text:
Title
Performer(s)

"James Bond Theme"
Billy Strange
Neil Norman
The Art of Noise
Naked City
The Skatalites
Bond
Count Basie
Moby
LTJ Bukem
City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra
Soft CellThe Ventures
Alizée (Sample in the song "J.B.G.")
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Leningrad Cowboys
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)

"From Russia with Love"
Natacha Atlas
Count Basie
Thomas Lang
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)

"Goldfinger"
Count Basie
Billy Strange
Bébé
Anthony Newley (original demo recording)
Ten Masked Men
Blue Stingrays (Tom Petty band members' surf project)
Magazine
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Leningrad Cowboys
Hank Marvin
Alan Partridge
Chaka Khan

"Thunderball"
Martin Fry
Mr.Bungle
Shirley Bassey
The Kingpins
Guy Lombardo
Billy Strange
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

"You Only Live Twice"
Soft Cell
Mark Burgess
Björk
Coldplay
Natacha Atlas
Robbie Williams (Sample in the song "Millennium")
Shirley Bassey
Trashcan Sinatras
Billy Strange
Eddie Peregrina
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Billy Mackenzie
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)

"On Her Majesty's Secret Service"
Propellerheads
Vernian Process
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)

"We Have All The Time in the World"
Fun Lovin' Criminals
The Pale Fountains
Iggy Pop
My Bloody Valentine
The Puppini Sisters

"Diamonds Are Forever"
David McAlmont
Arctic Monkeys
Kanye West (Sample in the song "Diamonds from Sierra Leone")
Ten Masked Men
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Chaka Khan

"Live and Let Die"
Chrissie Hynde
Escala
Guns N' Roses
Geri Halliwell
Lizzy Borden
Butch Walker
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Hank Marvin

"The Man with the Golden Gun"
Emilíana Torrini
Funkstar De Luxe
Thin White Rope
Ten Masked Men
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

"Nobody Does It Better"
Radiohead
Aimee Mann
8mm
Alan Partridge
Me First and the Gimme Gimmes
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

"Moonraker"
Shara Nelson
Neil Norman

"For Your Eyes Only"
Thomas Anders
Edenbridge
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

"All Time High"
Pulp

"A View to a Kill"
Diablo
Leningrad Cowboys
Lostprophets
Northern Kings
Shirley Bassey
Ten Masked Men

"The Living Daylights"
Ten Masked Men
The Narrow
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

"Licence to Kill"
Count Basic

"If You Asked Me To"
Céline Dion

"GoldenEye"
Wise Guys
Bono (original demo recording)
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

"Tomorrow Never Dies"
Uwe Kröger

"The World Is Not Enough"
Jackie Moore

"You Know My Name"
Poets of the Fall

"Skyfall"
Within Temptation

text: Video games[edit]

text: With the increase in audio quality for video game consoles and personal computers, in addition to the continued popularity of computer and video games, publisher Electronic Arts as well as Activision (since 2008) has included opening themes and film-style credit sequences to some of its more recent Bond video game spin offs.

text:
Video game
Year
Score composer
Title song
Performed by

GoldenEye 007
1997
Graeme Norgate and Grant Kirkhope

Tomorrow Never Dies
1999
Tommy Tallarico
"Tomorrow Never Dies"
Sheryl Crow

The World Is Not Enough (Nintendo 64 and PlayStation)
2000
Don Veca

Agent Under Fire
2001
Don Veca
"The James Bond Theme"

Nightfire
2002
Steve Duckworth, Ed Lima, Jeff Tymoschuk
"Nearly Civilized"
Esthero

Everything or Nothing
2004
Sean Callery, Jeff Tymoschuk
"Everything or Nothing"
Mýa

GoldenEye: Rogue Agent
2004
Paul Oakenfold
"If You're Gonna..."
Natasha Bedingfield

From Russia with Love
2005
Christopher Lennertz
"From Russia with Love" (instrumental remix)
John Barry

Quantum of Solace
2008
Christopher Lennertz
"When Nobody Loves You"
Kerli

GoldenEye 007
2010
David Arnold, Kevin Kiner
"GoldenEye"
Nicole Scherzinger

Blood Stone
2010
Richard Jacques
"I'll Take It All"
Joss Stone

007 Legends
2012
David Arnold, Kevin Kiner
"Goldfinger" (instrumental remix)
David Arnold

text: Novels[edit]

text: The 2008 continuation novel Devil May Care by Sebastian Faulks was the first James Bond novel to receive its own theme song. Also called "Devil May Care", the song was written and recorded by Cardiff band SAL and was available on the UK audiobook release of the novel.[19]


document_title: David Copperfield (illusionist)

question_text: magician who made the statue of liberty disappear

text: David Copperfield (illusionist)

text: Early years[edit]

text: Copperfield was born David Seth Kotkin in Metuchen, New Jersey,[12][13] the son of Jewish parents, Rebecca, an insurance adjuster, and Hyman Kotkin, who owned and operated a men's haberdashery in Warren, New Jersey, called Korby's.[12] Copperfield's mother was born in Jerusalem while his paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from USSR (present-day Ukraine).[14][15] In 1974, Copperfield graduated from Metuchen High School.[16]

text: When Copperfield was 10, he began practicing magic as "Davino the Boy Magician" in his neighborhood,[17] and at age 12, he became the youngest person admitted to the Society of American Magicians.[18] Shy and a loner, the young Copperfield saw magic as a way to fit in and, later, to meet women.[19] As a child, Copperfield attended Camp Harmony, a day camp in nearby Warren, New Jersey, where he began practicing magic and ventriloquy, an experience to which he credits his creative style. "At Camp Harmony, we spent two weeks searching for a guide who'd been kidnapped by Indians. It was just a game, but I was living it. My whole life goes back to that camp experience when I was three or four."[20] As a teenager, Copperfield became fascinated with Broadway and frequently sneaked into shows, especially musicals featuring the work of Stephen Sondheim or Bob Fosse.[21] By age 16, he was teaching a course in magic at New York University.[22]

text: Career and business interests[edit]

text: At age 18, Copperfield enrolled at New York City's Jesuit-based Fordham University, but three weeks into his freshman year he left to play the lead role in the musical The Magic Man in Chicago. It was on this occasion that he adopted the stage name "David Copperfield", taken from the famous Charles Dickens novel because he liked the sound of it. Copperfield sang, danced and created most of the original illusions used in the show. The Magic Man became the longest-running musical in Chicago's history.[23][24]

text: At age 19, he headlined and created the first "Magic of David Copperfield" at the Pagoda Hotel in Honolulu, Hawaii with the help of Audio/Lighting Designer Willy Martin for several months.[25]

text: Copperfield's career in television began in earnest when he was discovered by Joseph Cates, a producer of Broadway shows and television specials.[26] Cates produced a magic special in 1977 for ABC called The Magic of ABC, hosted by Copperfield,[27] as well as several The Magic of David Copperfield specials on CBS between 1978 and 2001.[26] There have been 17 Copperfield TV specials and 2 documentaries between September 7, 1977, and April 3, 2001.

text: Copperfield also played the character The Magician in the 1980s horror film Terror Train and had an uncredited appearance in the 1994 film Prêt-à-Porter. Most of his media appearances have been through television specials and guest spots on television programs. His illusions have included the disappearance of a Learjet (1981), the vanishing and reappearance of the Statue of Liberty (1983), levitating over the Grand Canyon (1984), walking through the Great Wall of China (1986), escaping from Alcatraz prison (1987), the disappearance of an Orient Express dining car (1991) and flying on stage for several minutes (1992).

text: One of his most famous illusions occurred on television on April 8, 1983: A live audience of 20 tourists was seated in front of a giant curtain attached to two lateral scaffoldings built on Liberty Island in an enclosed viewing area. Copperfield, with help from Jim Steinmeyer[28] and Don Wayne, raised the curtain before lowering it again a few seconds later to reveal that the space where the Statue of Liberty once stood was empty. A helicopter hovered overhead to give an aerial view of the illusion and the statue appeared to have vanished, with only the circle of lights surrounding it still present and visible. Before making the statue reappear, Copperfield explained in front of the camera why he wanted to perform this illusion. He wanted people to imagine what it would be like if there were no liberty or freedom in the world today and what the world would be like without the freedoms and rights we enjoy. Copperfield then brought Lady Liberty back, ending the illusion by saying that "our ancestors couldn't (enjoy rights and freedoms), we can and our children will". Both the disappearance and the reappearance of the statue were filmed in long take to demonstrate the absence of camera tricks.[29][30]

text: In 1996, in collaboration with Francis Ford Coppola, David Ives, and Eiko Ishioka, Copperfield's Broadway show Dreams & Nightmares broke box office records in New York at the Martin Beck Theatre.[31] Reviewer Greg Evans described the sold-out show in Variety magazine: "With a likable, self-effacing demeanor that rarely comes across in his TV specials, Copperfield leads the audience through nearly two hours of truly mind-boggling illusions. He disappears and reappears, gets cut in half, makes audience members vanish and others levitate. Copperfield climaxes his show with a flying routine, seven years in the making, that defies both logic and visual evidence, he could probably retire just by selling his secrets to future productions of Peter Pan".[32]

text: Also in 1996, Copperfield joined forces with Dean Koontz, Joyce Carol Oates, Ray Bradbury and others for David Copperfield’s Tales of the Impossible, an anthology of original fiction set in the world of magic and illusion. A second volume, David Copperfield's Beyond Imagination, was published in 1997. In addition to the two books, Copperfield wrote an essay as part of NPR's "This I Believe" series and This I Believe, Inc.[33]

text: In May 2001, Copperfield entertained guests at a White House benefit for UNICEF by performing an illusion in which he sawed singer and actress Jennifer Lopez into six pieces.[34] This illusion was an update of one he performed in one of his early TV specials on actress Catherine Bach.

text: In 2002, he was the subject of an hour-long biographical special on A&E's "Biography" channel.

text: On April 5, 2009, Copperfield made his first live TV appearance for some time when he entertained the audience at the 44th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards with two illusions. First, he made singer Taylor Swift appear inside an apparently empty translucent-sided elevator as it was lowered from the ceiling; he then sawed her in half in his Clearly Impossible illusion.[35]

text: On May 7, 2009, Copperfield was dropped by Michael Jackson from Jackson's residency at the O2 Arena after a disagreement over money. Copperfield wanted $1 million (£666,000) per show.[36] Copperfield denied the reports of a falling-out, saying "don't believe everything you read."[37] News of Copperfield's collaboration with Jackson first surfaced on April 1, 2009, and has since been described as a possible April Fool's prank.[38][39]

text: In August 2009, Copperfield took his show to Australia.[40][41]

text: In January 2011 Copperfield joined the cast of the feature film Burt Wonderstone with Steve Carell, Jim Carrey, James Gandolfini and Olivia Wilde. Copperfield and his team developed illusions used in the film.[42] He also coached Carell and Wilde on how to perform the 'Impossible Sawing' illusion, in which Wilde's character is sawed in half and her halves separated without the use of any covering or camera tricks.

text: In July 2012, OWN-TV network aired a one-hour special and interview with Copperfield as part of the network's Oprah's Next Chapter series. The show featured many aspects of Copperfield's personal life and family—with tours of his island home and Las Vegas conjuring museum—and a sampling of his illusions and magic effects. During the interview, he and his girlfriend Chloe Gosselin, a French fashion model, announced their engagement and appeared together briefly with their young daughter, strolling down the beach on the island.[43]

text: Copperfield notes that his role models were not magicians, that "My idols were Gene Kelly and Fred Astaire and Orson Welles and Walt Disney... they took their individual art forms and they moved people with them... I wanted to do the same thing with magic. I wanted to take magic and make it romantic and make it sexy and make it funny and make it goofy... all the different things that a songwriter gets to express or a filmmaker gets to express... "[44] This approach, despite its obvious popularity with audiences, has its share of detractors within the profession. One magician has described Copperfield's stage presentations as "resembling entertainment the way Velveeta resembles cheese".[45]

text: International Museum and Library of the Conjuring Arts[edit]

text: Copperfield owns the International Museum and Library of the Conjuring Arts, which houses the world's largest[46] collection of historically significant magic memorabilia, books and artifacts. Begun in 1991 when Copperfield purchased the Mulholland Library of Conjuring and the Allied Arts, which contained the world's largest collection of Houdini memorabilia,[3] the museum comprises approximately 80,000 items, including Houdini's Water Torture Cabinet and Metamorphosis Trunk, Orson Welles' Buzz Saw illusion, and automata created by Robert-Houdin.[46][47][48] Copperfield's 1991 Mulholland purchase, which formed the core of his collection, engendered criticism from some magicians. One told a reporter, "David Copperfield buying the Mulholland Library is like an Elvis impersonator winding up with Graceland."[45] In 1992, Copperfield agreed to purchase the largest private magic collection in the world from Dr. Robert Albo to add to the museum.[49] It houses the world's largest collection of "Houdiniana" (the second largest being Houdini Museum of New York).[50][51][52]

text: The museum is not open to the public; tours are reserved for "colleagues, fellow magicians, and serious collectors".[46] Located in a warehouse at Copperfield's headquarters in Las Vegas, the museum is entered via a secret door in what was described by actor Hugh Jackman as a "sex shop"[53] and by Forbes as a "mail-order lingerie warehouse"[3] "'It doesn't need to be secret, it needs to be respected,' he said. 'If a scholar or journalist needs a piece of magic history, it's there.'".[48][54][55]

text: Musha Cay and the Islands of Copperfield Bay[edit]

text: In 2006, Copperfield bought eleven Bahamian islands called Musha Cay.[56] Renamed "The Islands of Copperfield Bay",[56] the islands are a private resort.[57] Guests have reportedly included Oprah Winfrey and John Travolta. Google co-founder Sergey Brin was married there.[58] Copperfield has said that the islands may contain the Fountain of Youth, a claim that resulted in him receiving a Dubious Achievement Award from Esquire Magazine in 2006.[59]

text: "Magic Underground" restaurant[edit]

text: David Copperfield's Magic Underground was planned to be a restaurant based on Copperfield's magic.[60] At Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida, a sign on Hollywood Boulevard during the late 1990s indicated the restaurant was coming soon. Signs also appeared around Pleasure Island and outside Disney-MGM Studios.[61] A Magic Underground restaurant was also to open in New York's Times Square.[60] Plans included eventual expansion into Disneyland in Anaheim, California, as well as Paris and Tokyo.[62] The restaurants were to have magic props and other items on the walls; magicians would go around to tables doing sleight of hand tricks. There was also to be a larger stage for larger stunts.[63] The restaurant in Times Square was 85% completed,[62] but amid disputes between the creative team and the financial team and enormous cost overruns, finances dried up from the investors, the project was canceled, and Disney canceled the lease.[64] Copperfield was not an investor in the project; the investors reportedly lost $34 million, and subcontractors placed $15 million in liens.[62][65]

text: Recorded message for expanded gambling in Maryland[edit]

text: In October 2012, Maryland residents received a robocall from Copperfield supporting a ballot initiative that would expand gambling in the state.[66]

text: Accidents and injuries[edit]

text: On March 11, 1984, while rehearsing an illusion called "Escape From Death" where he was shackled and handcuffed in a tank of water, Copperfield became tangled in the chains and started taking in water and banging into the sides of the tank.[44] He was pulled from the water after 80 seconds, hyperventilating and in shock, taken to a Burbank hospital, and found to have pulled tendons in arms and legs. He was in a wheelchair for a week and used a cane for a period thereafter.[67]

text: While doing a rope trick at a show in Memphis in 1989, Copperfield accidentally cut off the tip of his finger with sharp scissors.[68] He was rushed to the hospital and the fingertip was reattached.[69]

text: On December 17, 2008, during a live performance in Las Vegas, a 26-year-old assistant named Brandon was sucked into the spinning blades of a 12 feet (3.7 m) high industrial fan that Copperfield walks through.[70] The assistant sustained multiple fractures to his arm, severe bleeding, and facial lacerations that required stitches.[70] Copperfield canceled the rest of the performance and offered the audience members refunds.

text: Litigation[edit]

text: On July 11, 1994, Copperfield sued magician and author Herbert L. Becker in order to prevent publication of Becker's book which reveals how magicians perform their illusions.[71] Becker won the lawsuit[72] but, because of a secrecy agreement Becker signed with Copperfield and an independent finding that Becker's description of Copperfield's methods was inaccurate, the publisher removed the section on Copperfield from the book before publication.[73] In 1997, Becker sued Copperfield and Lifetime Books for $50 million for breach of contract between himself and Lifetime Books, the publisher of his book All the Secrets of Magic Revealed. Becker won this lawsuit when Copperfield settled at the last moment and the publisher lost during the court trial.[74]

text: In 1997, Copperfield and Claudia Schiffer sued Paris Match for $30 million after the magazine claimed their relationship was a sham,[75] that Schiffer was paid for pretending to be Copperfield's fiancée and that she didn't even like him.[76][77] In 1999, they won an undisclosed sum and a retraction from Paris Match.[78] Herbert L. Becker, whom Copperfield asked to testify to the validity of the relationship, did so. Copperfield's publicist confirmed that Schiffer had a contract to appear in the audience at Copperfield's show in Berlin where they met but was not under contract to be his "consort".[79]

text: On August 25, 2000, Copperfield unsuccessfully sued Fireman's Fund Insurance Company for reimbursement of a $506,343 ransom paid to individuals in Russia who had commandeered the entertainer's equipment there.[80][81][82]

text: In 2004, John Melk, co-founder of Blockbuster Inc., and previous owner of Musha Cay, sued Copperfield for fraud after Copperfield purchased the island chain, alleging that Copperfield had deliberately obscured his identity during the purchase and that he would not have sold the island to Copperfield.[83] Copperfield claimed that Melk had agreed to sell the property to Copperfield's Imagine Nation Company, and that Copperfield negotiated the deal through a third party because he feared Melk was "seeking to exploit" Copperfield's celebrity status by demanding an unfair price.[84] The case was settled in 2006. The terms of the settlement are undisclosed.[83]

text: On November 6, 2007, Viva Art International Ltd and Maz Concerts Inc. sued Copperfield for nearly $2.2 million for breach of contract[85][86] and the Indonesian promoter of Copperfield's canceled shows in Jakarta held on to $550,000 worth of Copperfield's equipment in lieu of money paid to Copperfield that had not been returned.[87] Copperfield countersued, and the dispute was resolved in July 2009.[88]

text: As of 2018, an ongoing lawsuit alleges that audience member Gavin Cox was injured during a November 2013 performance. The case is in trial before a Las Vegas jury.[89]

text: Sexual assault allegations[edit]

text: Copperfield was accused of sexual assault in 2007 by Lacey L. Carroll.[90] A federal grand jury in Seattle closed the investigation in January 2010 without bringing charges.[91][92] In January 2010, the Bellevue City Prosecutor's Office brought misdemeanor charges against Carroll for prostitution and allegedly making a false accusation of rape in another case.[93] Carroll filed a civil lawsuit against Copperfield,[94] which was dropped in April 2010.[95][96] In January 2018, Copperfield was accused of drugging and assaulting a teenager in 1988.[97] Copperfield published a statement in response on January 24, 2018.[98]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In 1993 at a Berlin celebrity gala Copperfield met German supermodel Claudia Schiffer when he brought her on stage to participate in a mind-reading act and his flying illusion, and in January 1994 they became engaged. During the engagement, Schiffer sometimes appeared on stage with Copperfield to act as his special guest assistant in illusions including being sawn in half.[99][100][101] She also appeared alongside Copperfield in David Copperfield: 15 Years of Magic (1994), a documentary in which she played the role of a reporter interviewing him, and at the end of which they reprised their performance of the "Flying" illusion. After a nearly six-year engagement, in September 1999 they announced their separation, citing work schedules.[102]

text: In April 2006, he and two female assistants were robbed at gunpoint after a performance in West Palm Beach, Florida.[103] His assistants handed over their money, passports, and a cell phone. According to his police statement, Copperfield did not hand over anything, claiming that he used sleight of hand to hide his possessions,[104] although later admitting that doing so was "very stupid. It was a reflex that could have got me shot".[105] One of the assistants wrote down most of the license plate number, and the suspects were later arrested, charged, and sentenced.[106]

text: Copperfield and his girlfriend Chloe Gosselin, a French fashion model 28 years his junior, had a daughter, Sky, in February 2010. The news did not break until over a year later, when The New York Post reported it in August 2011, and it was confirmed by Copperfield's publicist.[8]

text: In July 2016, Copperfield purchased a mansion in Las Vegas's affluent Summerlin community for $17.55 million.[107]

text: Earnings[edit]

text:
David Copperfield on the Forbes Celebrity 100 List[108]

Year (June–June)
Pay (USD, millions)
Power Rank
Pay Rank

1999–2000
not on list

2001
60
23
5

2002
not on list

2003
55
43
10

2004
57
35
10

2005
57
41
10

2006–2008
not on list

2009
30
80
50

text: Forbes magazine reported that Copperfield earned $55 million in 2003, making him the tenth highest paid celebrity in the world (earnings figures are pre-tax and before deductions for agents' and attorneys' fees, etc.).[109] He earned $57 million in 2004 and 2005, and $30 million in 2009 in entertainment earnings, according to Forbes.[110][111] Copperfield performs over 500 shows per year throughout the world.[112]

text: Charitable activities[edit]

text: Project Magic[edit]

text: In March 1982, Copperfield founded Project Magic,[113] a rehabilitation program to help disabled patients regain lost or damaged dexterity skills by using sleight of hand as physical therapy.[113] The program has been accredited by the American Occupational Therapy Association, and is in use in over 1100 hospitals in 30 countries. Copperfield made an appearance on Oprah Radio in April 2008 to talk with host Dr. Mehmet Oz about how magic can help disabled people.[114]

text: In 2007, he organized and performed at a charity show for UNICEF in Los Angeles, along with a number of celebrity guests. During the show, he used his ex-Orson Welles Buzz Saw illusion to saw British TV presenter Cat Deeley in half.[115]

text: Achievements and awards[edit]

text:
The Society of American Magicians, "Magician of the Century" and "King of Magic".[116]
Nominated 38 times for Emmy Awards and has won 21 times.[117]
Received a Living Legend Award from the Library of Congress.[7]
First living magician to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[5]
Recognized by the French government, receiving the Chevalier of Arts and Letters, the first one ever awarded to a magician.[citation needed]
Named "Magician of the Year" in 1979 and 1986 by the Academy of Magical Arts.[118]
Forbes's "The Celebrity 100" for 2009 ranks Copperfield as the 80th most powerful celebrity, with earnings of $30 million.[110]
Inducted into New York City's Ride of Fame on September 11, 2015[119]

text: Guinness World Records[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2014)

text: Copperfield holds 11 Guinness World Records,[4][120] including:

text:
Most magic shows performed in a year
Most tickets sold worldwide by a solo entertainer
Highest career earnings as a magician
Largest international television audience for a magician
Highest annual earnings for a magician (current year)
Largest Broadway attendance in a week
Largest magic work archive
Most expensive poster depicting magic sold at auction
Largest illusion ever staged

text: Television specials[edit]

text:
The Magic of ABC (September 7, 1977) (With special guests Fred Berry, Shaun Cassidy, Howard Cosell, Kate Jackson, Hal Linden, Penny Marshall, Kristy McNichol, Donny Osmond, Marie Osmond, Parker Stevenson, Dick Van Patten, Adam Rich, Abe Vigoda and Cindy Williams)
The Magic of David Copperfield (October 27, 1978) (With special guests Orson Welles, Carl Ballantine, Valerie Bertinelli, Sherman Hemsley, Bernadette Peters and Cindy Williams)

1 Emmy Nomination: Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork

The Magic of David Copperfield II (October 24, 1979) (With special guest Bill Bixby, Loni Anderson, Valerie Bertinelli, Robert Stack and Alan Alan)

1 Emmy Nomination: Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork

The Magic of David Copperfield III: Levitating Ferrari (September 25, 1980) (With special guest Jack Klugman, Debby Boone, Mary Crosby, Louis Nye, Shimada, Cindy Williams and David Mendenhall).

2 Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction; Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork

The Magic of David Copperfield IV: The Vanishing Airplane (October 26, 1981) (With special guest Jason Robards, Susan Anton, Audrey Landers, Catherine Bach, David Mendenhall, Barnard Hughes, Clark Brandon and Elaine Joyce) The last illusion, Lear Jet Vanish, has been filmed in long take at the Van Nuys Airport in Los Angeles, California

1 Emmy Win: Outstanding Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork

The Magic of David Copperfield V: The Statue of Liberty Disappears (April 8, 1983) (With special guests Morgan Fairchild, Michele Lee, Eugene Levy, William B. Williams and Lynne Griffin)
The Magic of David Copperfield VI: Floating Over the Grand Canyon (April 6, 1984) (With special guests Ricardo Montalban, Bonnie Tyler and Heather Thomas)

1 Emmy Win: Outstanding Technical Direction/Camerawork/Video for a Limited Series or a Special
2 Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction; Outstanding Live and Tape Sound Mixing and Sound Effects for a Limited Series or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield VII: Familiares (March 8, 1985) (With special guest Angie Dickinson, Teri Copley and Peggy Fleming)

1 Emmy Win: Outstanding Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Limited Series or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield VIII: Walking Through the Great Wall of China (March 14, 1986) (With special guest Ben Vereen) – This is the only special that was filmed outside the United States. At the end of the special, Copperfield says that he hopes this will be the first of many "magical journeys", announcing that the following year's special will take place in Egypt; however the political situation in Egypt changed his plans[121]

2 Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Miniseries or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield IX: The Escape From Alcatraz (March 13, 1987) (With special guest Ann Jillian) – the television show used the soundtrack of Back to the Future, unedited and in its entirety, something for which the show was later lampooned.[122]

2 Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Miniseries or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield X: The Bermuda Triangle (March 12, 1988) (With special guest Lisa Hartman) Filmed at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas

2 Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Miniseries or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield XI: Explosive Encounter (March 3, 1989) (With special guest Emma Samms) Filmed at the Orange County Performing Arts Center in Orange County, California

2 Emmy Wins: Outstanding Costume Design for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries or a Special
2 Emmy Nomination: Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety or Music Series or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield XII: The Niagara Falls Challenge (March 8, 1990) (With special guest Kim Alexis and Penn & Teller) Filmed at the Orange County Performing Arts Center in Orange County, California

1 Emmy Win: Outstanding Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Miniseries or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield XIII: Mystery On The Orient Express (April 3, 1991) (With special guest Jane Seymour) Filmed at the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center in Tampa Bay, Florida

4 Emmy Wins: Outstanding Achievement in Special Visual Effects; Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries or a Special; Outstanding Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Miniseries or a Special
1 Emmy Nomination: Outstanding Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Multi-Camera Production

The Magic of David Copperfield XIV: F·L·Y·I·N·G – Live The Dream (March 24, 1992) (With special guest James Earl Jones and a special appearance by the late Orson Welles) Filmed at the Broward Center for the Performing Arts in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

3 Emmy Win: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Multi-Camera Production; Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries or a Special

The Magic of David Copperfield XV: Fires Of Passion (March 30, 1993) (With special guest Wayne Gretzky) Filmed in part at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas and the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center in Tampa Bay, Florida

3 Emmy Win: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Multi-Camera Production; Outstanding Individual Achievement in Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Miniseries or a Special

David Copperfield: 15 Years of Magic (May 12, 1994) (With special guest Claudia Schiffer as "The Reporter", and appearances of various guests from previous specials via archive footage, as James Earl Jones and Joanie Spina). In the international version, in addition to reprising their "Flying" illusion, Copperfield and Schiffer also reprised the performance of the Clearly Impossible illusion from Copperfield's stage shows in which Schiffer was sawed in half inside a transparent box.

1 Emmy Win: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Multi-Camera Production

The Magic of David Copperfield XVI: Unexplained Forces (May 1, 1995) – Filmed at the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center in Tampa Bay, Florida

3 Emmy Wins: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Multi-Camera Production; Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Program, Miniseries or a Special; Outstanding Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Miniseries or a Special
2 Emmy Nominations: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program; Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Variety or Music Series or a Special

David Copperfield: the great escapes (April 26, 2000)
Copperfield – Tornado of Fire (April 3, 2001) (With special guests Carson Daly and, only in the international version, Whoopi Goldberg. Carson Daly was replaced by Hans Kazàn in the Dutch version and Marco Berry in the Italian version) – Filmed in January 2001 in a surrounded stage at the Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis, Tennessee, and a live (in USA only) tornado stunt performed at Pier 94 in New York City, NY[123] (North America version 60 minutes, European version 90 minutes)

1 Emmy Nomination: Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program

text: Worldwide tours[edit]

text:
The Magic of David Copperfield: Live on Stage (1983–1986)
The Magic of David Copperfield: Radical New Illusions (1987–1989)
David Copperfield: Magic for the 90's (1990–1994)
David Copperfield: Beyond Imagination (a.k.a. The Best of David Copperfield) (1995–1996)
David Copperfield: Dreams and Nightmares (a.k.a. The Magic is Back) (1996–1998)
David Copperfield: Journey of a Lifetime (a.k.a. U!) (1999–2000)
David Copperfield: Unknown Dimension (a.k.a. Global Encounter) (2000–2001)
David Copperfield: Portal (2001–2002)
David Copperfield: An Intimate Evening Of Grand Illusion (a.k.a. World of Wonders) (2003–present)

text: Plans for new illusions[edit]

text: Copperfield declared that amongst the new illusions he plans to create, he wants to put a woman's face on Mount Rushmore, straighten the Leaning Tower of Pisa and even vanish the moon. [124][125] He also wants to make an island disappear.[126]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Terror Train (1980) as The Magician
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1997) as himself
Scrubs, episode "My Lucky Day" (2002) as himself
Oh My God (2009) as himself[127]
America's Got Talent (2010) as himself
The Simpsons, episode "The Great Simpsina" (2011) as himself (voice)
Wizards of Waverly Place, episode "Harperella" (2011) as himself
Burt Wonderstone (2013) as himself
The Amazing Race 24 (2014)
American Restoration (2014)
Unity (2015) as narrator[128]
7 Days in Hell (2015) as himself

text: Notable illusions[edit]

text:
Laser illusion
Portal
Walking Through the Great Wall of China
Death Saw
Flying illusion
Squeeze box