document_title: Have Gun – Will Travel

question_text: who played hey boy on have gun will travel

question_tokens: who played hey boy on have gun will travel

text: Have Gun – Will Travel

text: Production[edit]

text: Have Gun – Will Travel was created by Sam Rolfe and Herb Meadow and produced by Frank Pierson, Don Ingalls, Robert Sparks, and Julian Claman. Of the 225 episodes of the television series, 24 were written by Gene Roddenberry. Other major contributors included Bruce Geller, Harry Julian Fink, Don Brinkley, and Irving Wallace. Andrew V. McLaglen directed 101 episodes,[2][3] and 19 were directed by series star Richard Boone.[citation needed]

text: Premise[edit]

text: This series follows the adventures of a man calling himself "Paladin" (played by Richard Boone on television and voiced by John Dehner on radio), taking his name from that of the foremost knight warriors in Charlemagne's court. He is a gentleman gunfighter who travels around the Old West working as a mercenary gunfighter for people who hire him to solve their problems for them. Although Paladin will charge steep fees to clients who can afford to hire him, typically US$1000 per job, he will provide his services for free (i.e., pro bono) to poor people who need his help. Like many westerns, the television show was set during a nebulous period after the Civil War. The radio show explicitly states the year in the opening of every episode with the introduction:

text: San Francisco, 1875. The Carlton Hotel, headquarters of the man called ... Paladin![4]

text: As to the TV version of his home base, however, it was shown to be the classier-sounding Hotel Carlton, not The Carlton Hotel.

text: Title[edit]

text: The title was a variation on a catchphrase used in personal advertisements in newspapers like The Times, indicating that the advertiser was ready for anything. It was used this way from the early 20th century.[5] A trope common in theatrical advertising was "Have tux, will travel", and CBS claimed this was the inspiration for the writer Herb Meadow. The television show popularized the phrase in the 1960s, and many variations were used as titles for other works, but was pre-dated by Have Space Suit—Will Travel by Robert A. Heinlein.[6] (It is worth mentioning that while the TV show title used a hyphen between "gun" and "will," Palladin's iconic business card actually contained neither a hyphen nor a comma.)

text: Characters[edit]

text: Paladin[edit]

text: Paladin prefers to settle without violence the difficulties brought his way by clients when possible. When forced, he excels in fisticuffs and, under his real name, was a dueling champion of some renown. Paladin is a former Union cavalry officer, a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, and a veteran of the American Civil War. Paladin’s permanent place of residence is the Hotel Carlton, a luxury hotel in San Francisco. In San Francisco he lives the life of a successful businessman and cultured bon vivant, wearing elegant custom-made suits, consuming fine wine, playing the piano, and attending the opera and other cultural events. He is an expert chess player, poker player, and swordsman. He is skilled in Chinese martial arts and is seen in several episodes receiving instruction and training with a Kung Fu master in San Francisco. He is highly educated (the debut episode suggests he attended West Point), able to quote classic literature, philosophy, and case law, and speaks several languages. While at work on the frontier, Paladin changes into all-black western-style clothing.

text: Paladin's primary weapon is a custom-made, first-generation .45 caliber Colt Single Action Army Cavalry Model revolver[7] carried in a black leather holster (with a platinum chess knight symbol facing the rear), hanging from a black leather gunbelt. He also carried a lever action Marlin rifle strapped to his saddle, and a Remington derringer concealed under his belt.

text: Paladin gives out a business card imprinted with "Have Gun Will Travel" and a drawing of a knight chess piece. A closeup of this card is used as a title card between scenes in the program.

text: Other recurring characters[edit]

text: The one other major semi-regular character in the show was the Chinese bellhop at the Carlton Hotel, known as Hey Boy (real name Kim Chan or Kim Chang: in the first season in the episode called "Hey Boy's Revenge" the character Hey Boy is sought by Paladin under the name Kim Chan which is written on a piece of paper and shown on screen. As the episode continues, Hey Boy is referred to (verbally) 5 times as Kim Chan and then on the 6th incident Paladin states Hey Boy's name as Kim Chang and thereafter he is referred to as Kim Chang every time. There is no explanation for the name change.), played by Kam Tong. According to author and historian Martin Grams, Jr., Hey Boy was featured in all but the fourth of the show's six seasons, with the character of Hey Girl, played by Lisa Lu, replacing Hey Boy for season four while Kam Tong worked on the Mr. Garlund television series.[2]

text: Olan Soule (famed on radio as Mr. First Nighter), had a long career in movies, radio and television. He appeared in eleven episodes as Mitchell, or McGinnis, or Matthews (depending on the episode), the Hotel Carlton's manager/front desk clerk. He is also called Mr. Cartwright, the assistant manager, in the episode "Hobson's Choice". He was spelled a few times by Peter Brocco, another oft-seen character actor. He also appeared in "The Cream of the Jest" in another role, the scientist employed to make Paladin's custom-made cartridges using Paladin's own formulation for smokeless gunpowder.[citation needed]

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

text: Victor McLaglen appeared in the first season as Mike O'Hare, an Irish architect trying to build a dam in the wilderness against the wishes of a nearby town in "The O'Hare Story". McLaglen was billed in the opening credits after Richard Boone. He was the father of HGWT's original and main director Andrew V. McLaglen.[citation needed]

text: Vincent Price appeared in "The Moor's Revenge".[8] Also a guest in that episode was Morey Amsterdam[9] of The Dick Van Dyke Show.

text: James Coburn[10] played the feared gunman Bill Sledge in "The Gladiators"[11]

text: Ben Johnson[12] appears in three episodes between 1960 and 1962: "A Head of Hair,"[13] "The Race,"[14] and "The Fifth Bullet."[15]

text: George Kennedy appears in six segments.[citation needed]

text: John Carradine appeared in "The Statue of San Sebastian."[16]

text: Charles Bronson appeared in five different roles, from the second episode up to the last season. ("The Outlaw",[17] "The Man Who Wouldn't Talk"[18])

text: Angie Dickinson portrayed the angry Amy Bender in the fifth episode of the first season.[19]

text: Buddy Ebsen (The Beverly Hillbillies, Davy Crockett) played a ruthless marshal in "El Paso Stage", and Bram Holden in "The Brothers".[20]

text: Vivi Janiss and Jay Novello were cast as a couple, Count and Countess Casares, in the 1962 episode, "The Exiles", in which Paladin is retained to recover $16 million in French bonds.[21]

text: Lee Van Cleef appeared in The Treasure[22] and Face of A Shadow,[23] both in Season 6.

text: Harry Carey, Jr., who also appeared in Spin and Marty as Bill Burnett, was a regular in many film and television westerns, and appeared thirteen times on Have Gun – Will Travel.[citation needed]

text: Denver Pyle, best known as "Uncle Jesse" on The Dukes of Hazzard, appeared eight times. ("The Singer",[24] "The Wager"[25])

text: Harry Morgan, famous for Dragnet and M*A*S*H, appeared in "A Snare For Murder" as a cranky, paranoid prospector and in "American Primitive" as an aging but determined sheriff.[26][27]

text: Jack Lord, of Hawaii Five-O fame, appeared in the first episode, "Three Bells To Perdido", as the villain, Dave Enderby.[28]

text: June Lockhart was cast twice in the role of Dr. Phyllis Thackeray, first in the episode "No Visitors",[29] and again in "The Return of Dr. Thackeray."[30]

text: Dan Blocker appeared in "Gun Shy"[31] episode 29 of Season 1.[citation needed]

text: Pernell Roberts, before starring as Adam Cartwright on Bonanza and Trapper John McIntyre on Trapper John, M.D., was a scheming railroad employee in "Hey Boy's Revenge", which was episode 31 of the first season.[32]

text: DeForest Kelley, best known as Dr. Leonard McCoy on Star Trek, appeared in Season 6, Episode 16 The Treasure.[33]

text: Lon Chaney Jr. appeared twice, in "The Scorched Feather"[34] and "Cage at McNaab.[35]

text: Warren Oates appeared in two episodes, "Three Sons"[36] and "The Poker Fiend."[37]

text: Martin Balsam appeared in "Saturday Night", Season 4, Episode 5 as Marshal Jim Brock.[38]

text: Sydney Pollack, later a famed director (Tootsie rt al), appeared in "A Quiet Night in Town: Part 1" and "A Quiet Night in Town: Part 2", both from Season 4.

text: William Conrad appeared in "Man Who Struck Moonshine" from Season 5 and "Genesis" from Season 6.

text: Robert J. Wilke appeared.[clarification needed][citation needed]

text: Dyan Cannon appeared in "Twenty-Four Hours at North Fork" from Season 1 and "The Man Who Wouldn't Talk" from Season 2.

text: Norma Crane (Goldie, Tevye's wife in the film Fiddler on the Roof) appeared in four episodes, most notably in "The Cure," a Pygmalianesque episode in which Paladin attempts to make a lady of Calamity Jame, season 4, episode 35.[39]

text: Michael Pate appeared.[clarification needed][citation needed].

text: Ken Curtis appeared in "The Naked Gun", episode 14 of season 3.

text: Robert Blake appeared in "The Fatalist" and "The Shooting of Jessie May", both from Season 4 and "Place for Abel Hix" from Season 6.

text: Harry Dean Stanton appeared.[clarification needed][citation needed]

text: Albert Salmi appeared in "The Sanctuary", episode 16 of Season 4.

text: Suzanne Pleshette appeared in "Death of a Gunfighter", episode 26 of Season 2.

text: Jack Elam[40] appeared in "The Man Who Lost",[41] as did Mort Mills[42] and Ed Nelson.[43]

text: Werner Klemperer, famous for his portrayal of Colonel Klink in Hogan's Heroes, appeared in "Fragile".[44]

text: Jena Engstrom appeared in three episodes, and her mother, Jean Engstrom, appeared in two episodes, in 1961 and 1962. Jena first appeared in the 1961 episode, "The Fatal Flaw", with guest stars Royal Dano and Allyn Joslyn. Her second appearance was with guest star Duane Eddy in the episode "The Education of Sarah Jane". Her third appearance was in "Alice" with (Jeanette Nolan. Jena's mother Jean Engstrom first appeared along with John Fiedler in "The Gold Bar", and then in "Place for Abel Hix" with Robert Blake.[citation needed]

text: Kevin Hagen, who later portrayed Dr. Baker on Little House on the Prairie, appeared five times.[45]

text: Roy Barcroft, featured in villainous roles in numerous serials of the 1930s and '40s, who portrayed Colonel Logan in the Spin and Marty segments of The Mickey Mouse Club, appeared in eleven episodes in various roles.[citation needed]

text: Hal Needham, stuntman and character actor, who later directed several successful films, appeared in twenty-six episodes.[citation needed]

text: English actor Ben Wright, appeared in six episodes. Wright regularly played Hey Boy in the radio version of HGWT.[46]

text: Fintan Meyler appeared in four episodes, twice appearing as Pegeen Shannon.[citation needed]

text: Carol Thurston appeared twice, as Martha Whitehorse in "Winchester Quarantine" (1957) and as Nita in "Heritage of Anger" (1959).[47]

text: Johnny Crawford appeared in the first season's Christmas episode "The Hanging Cross" (1958).[48]

text: James Mitchum, the eldest son of actor Robert Mitchum, appeared in "Genesis" from Season 6.

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: Originally, each show opened with the same 45-second visual. Over a slow four-note-repeat backbeat score, a tight shot of Paladin's chess knight emblem centered in a black background is seen, before the view widens to show the emblem affixed to Paladin's holster, with Paladin in his trademark costume seen from waist level in profile. Then as he draws his revolver from the holster, the four-note-repeat backbeat fades to a light, almost harp-like strumming. He cocks the hammer, and then rotates the gun to point the barrel at the viewer for 10 seconds, while delivering a line of dialogue from the coming episode, after which the pistol is uncocked and holstered briskly. As the weapon is reholstered and the view tightens to show only the chess knight, again, the four-note-repeat backbeat returns. As only the chess knight emblem in a black background is back, the name "RICHARD BOONE" appears across the screen for about 5 seconds. The name fades out and immediately the words "in HAVE GUN – WILL TRAVEL" fade in, again for about 5 seconds. Boone's name and the show's title is accompanied by a four-note "stinger" that overshadows the four-note-repeat. The "stinger" is roughly the same as that heard when Paladin's business card is flashed on screen (in almost every episode). The words fade away after those 5 seconds leaving only the chess knight emblem against the black background, and the four-note-repeat fades out. This opening then fades out and the show fades in on its opening scene.

text: In a later version of the opening sequence, there is a long-range shot, with Paladin in a full-body profile silhouette, and he fast-draws the revolver, dropping into a slight crouch as he turns, pointing at the camera. After the dubbed-over line, he straightens as he shoves the firearm into his holster. This silhouette visual remained for the run of the series. In later episodes, the teaser line was dropped; as seen in many of the episodes of the final two seasons' opening titles, when Paladin crouches and points his gun at the camera, first "RICHARD BOONE", and then "HAVE GUN – WILL TRAVEL" would appear as before, and Boone would reholster his gun as the words faded out. (Due to the networks not always airing episodes in the order they were filmed, the omission of the voice-over dialogue was inconsistent for some of the episodes, as seen in the opening titles. Season 6 did have the most opening titles without the voice-over dialogue, especially as the season progressed, again as seen when the episodes opened.)

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: Unlike many westerns, entire episodes were filmed outdoors and away from the Old West street set on Irving Street just below Melrose Avenue, the home of Filmaster television production company. Filmaster was located across the street from, later becoming part of, Paramount Studios' backlot. The area is now enclosed in the independent Kingsley Productions studio lot encompassing a city block.[citation needed]

text: Beginning in season four, filming locations were often given in the closing credits. Locations included Bishop and Lone Pine, California; an area now known as Paladin Estates between Bend and Sisters, Oregon; and the Abbott Ranch near Prineville, Oregon.[citation needed]

text: Music[edit]

text: The program's opening was a four-note motif composed and conducted by Bernard Herrmann.

text: For the opening theme, Herrmann reused a short sequence he had previously composed for the 1951 movie On Dangerous Ground, starring Robert Ryan and Ida Lupino. The "Have Gun – Will Travel" theme (and fragments of incidental music also used in the television series) are featured in a chase scene across snowy fields; at the 35:25 mark of the film, the actual "Have Gun – Will Travel" opening theme is played in recognizable form, although the scoring is slightly different than that heard in the better-known television version.[citation needed]

text: The show's closing song, "The Ballad of Paladin", was written by Johnny Western, Richard Boone, and program creator Sam Rolfe, and was performed by Western.[citation needed]

text: In the first season the closing song was a reprise of the opening theme. In syndication, the first (premise) episode concludes with the Johnny Western ballad. The rest of the run of the first-season episodes play a reprise of the opening theme.[citation needed]

text: In the second season the song was the only closing music. In the third season a new lyric was added to the five line "The Ballad of Paladin" making it six lines long. In 1962–1963, the final season, the song's lyrics were cut to four lines, the original fourth and added sixth being dropped. This occurred because the production credits for writer, producer and director were pulled from the closing credits to appear over the opening sequences. However, in the episode "Sweet Lady in the Moon" (1963), the ballad was played complete over the closing credits.[citation needed]

text: Johnny Western has sung a fully recorded version, opening with the refrain and including a second verse never heard on the television series.[49]

text: Broadcast history and ratings[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: September 1957 – April 1963: Saturdays at 9:30 p.m.

text:
October 1957 – April 1958: #4 – 33.7
October 1958 – April 1959: #3 – 34.3
October 1959 – April 1960: #3 – 34.7
October 1960 – April 1961: #3 – 30.9
October 1961 – April 1962: #29 – 22.2
October 1962 – April 1963: #29 – 20.8

text: Awards[edit]

text: The television show was nominated for three Emmy Awards. These were for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series, for Richard Boone (1959); Best Western Series (1959); and Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead or Support), for Richard Boone (1960).[3]

text: In 1957, Gene Roddenberry received the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Script for the episode "Helen of Abajinian".[50]

text: Writers[edit]

text: Many of the writers who worked on Have Gun – Will Travel went on to gain fame elsewhere. Gene Roddenberry created Star Trek, Bruce Geller created Mission: Impossible, Samuel A. Peeples created The Tall Man, Custer, and Lancer, and Harold Jack Bloom created Boone's later series Hec Ramsey and the 1970s medical-adventure series Emergency! Harry Julian Fink is one of the writers who created Dirty Harry (the opening title and theme scene of the 1973 Dirty Harry sequel Magnum Force features s Paladin-like sequence of a handgun being slowly cocked and then finally pointed toward the camera, with a potent line of dialogue). Celebrated film writer and director Sam Peckinpah wrote one episode, "The Singer," which aired in 1958. Other notable writers who contributed an episode include Gene L. Coon, Richard Matheson, Charles Beaumont, Laurence Heath, and Fred Freiberger. Both Star Trek and Mission: Impossible were produced by Desilu Productions and later Paramount Television, which also now owns the rights to Have Gun – Will Travel through its successor company, CBS Television Distribution.[citation needed]

text: Franchise in other media[edit]

text: Radio show[edit]

text: The Have Gun – Will Travel radio show broadcast 106 episodes on the CBS Radio Network between November 23, 1958, and November 27, 1960. It was one of the last radio dramas featuring continuing characters and the only significant American radio adaptation of a television series. John Dehner (a regular on the radio series version of Gunsmoke) played Paladin, and Ben Wright usually (but not always) played Hey Boy. Virginia Gregg played Miss Wong, Hey Boy's girlfriend, before the television series featured the character of Hey Girl. Unlike the small-screen version, in this medium there was usually a tag scene at the Carlton at both the beginning and the end of the episode. Initially, the episodes were adaptations of the television program as broadcast earlier the same week, but eventually original stories were produced, including a finale ("Goodbye, Paladin") in which Paladin leaves San Francisco, apparently forever, to claim an inheritance back east. The radio version was written by producer/writer Roy Winsor.[51]

text: Books[edit]

text: There were three novels based on the television show, all with the title of the show. The first was a hardback written for children, published by Whitman in 1959 in a series of novelizations of television shows. It was written by Barlow Meyers and illustrated by Nichols S. Firfires. The second was a 1960 paperback original, written for adults by Noel Lomis. The last book, A Man Called Paladin, written by Frank C. Robertson and published in 1963 by Collier-Macmillan in hardback and paperback, is based on the television episode "Genesis" by Frank Rolfe. This novel is the only source wherein a name is given to the Paladin character, Clay Alexander, but fans of the series do not consider this name canonical. Dell Comics published a number of comic books with original stories based on the television series.[citation needed]

text: In 2001, a trade paperback book titled The Have Gun – Will Travel Companion was published, documenting the history of the radio and television series. The 500-page book was authored by Martin Grams, Jr. and Les Rayburn.[citation needed]

text: Film[edit]

text: In 1997, it was announced that a movie version of the television series would be made. John Travolta was named as a possible star in the Warner Bros. production, which was scripted by Larry Ferguson and to be directed by The Fugitive director Andrew Davis.[52] The film was not made.[clarification needed][citation needed]

text: In 2006, it was announced that a Have Gun – Will Travel movie starring rapper Eminem is in production. However, the film currently does not hold an official confirmed release date. Paramount Pictures extended an 18-month option on the television series and planned to transform the character of Paladin into a modern-day bounty hunter. Eminem was expected to work on the soundtrack.[53]

text: Television reboot[edit]

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2017)

text: In August 2012, it was announced in several venues that David Mamet was developing a reboot of the television series for CBS.[54][55]

text: In other television series[edit]

text: In the television series Maverick, season 2, episode 16, "Gun Shy," Marshal Mort Dooley, the marshal of Elwood, Kansas, comments that a lot of strange people have been passing through his town lately, specifically referring to "that gunslinger who handed out business cards." This could be no one other than Paladin, and obviously was a gentle dig at another TV Western.

text: Home video and DVD[edit]

text: All of the episodes were released on VHS by Columbia House.[citation needed]

text: CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released all six seasons of Have Gun – Will Travel on DVD in Region 1. Season 6, Volumes 1 & 2 were first released on May 7, 2013.[56]

text: On May 10, 2016, CBS DVD was to release Have Gun, Will Travel — The Complete series on DVD in Region 1.[57]

text: In the second-season DVD, two episodes are mislabeled. On disk three, the episode titled "Treasure Trail" is actually "Hunt the Man Down", and on disk four, "Hunt the Man Down" is "Treasure Trail"; the "Wire Paladin" in each case refers to the other episode.[citation needed]

text:
DVD name
Ep #
Release date

Season 1
39
May 11, 2004

Season 2
39
May 10, 2005

Season 3
39
January 3, 2006

Season 4- Volume 1
19
March 2, 2010

Season 4- Volume 2
19
July 6, 2010

Season 5- Volume 1
19
November 30, 2010

Season 5- Volume 2
19
February 22, 2011

Season 6- Volume 1
16
May 7, 2013

Season 6- Volume 2
16
May 7, 2013

Complete Series
225
May 10, 2016

text: Cultural influences[edit]

text:
Boon was a hit British Drama series and was heavily influenced by Have Gun – Will Travel. The series followed the adventures an ex-fireman who was invalided out of the service and became a 'modern-day hero'. Of Have Gun – Will Travel's influence, co-creator Jim Hill said: "Boon had been derived from an American TV series from the 1950s that Bill Stair and I both watched and liked. It was called Have Gun – Will Travel — a troubleshooting cowboy answered distress calls. He was called Paladin and was played by the actor Richard Boone. We dropped the E and we had BOON — a modern-day trouble shooter on a motorbike instead of a steed." Boon ran from 1986 to 1992, with a special one-off episode in 1995.
Have Space Suit—Will Travel (1958) is a "space opera" novel by Robert A. Heinlein. The narrator is called to space to do the typical hero's job of defending humanity and saving the earth.
Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel (1958) is an album by guitarist Duane Eddy.
Have Guitar Will Travel (1960) is an album by guitarist and vocalist Bo Diddley.
Have Guitar, Will Travel (2009) is an album by guitarist Joe Perry. The accompanying tour also used the name.
"Have Love, Will Travel" is a song written and recorded in 1959 by Richard Berry.
In a scene in Stand By Me, the main characters sing the show's closing theme song as a way of evoking that film's era (it is set in late 1959); songwriter Johnny Western successfully sued the producers for not securing his permission beforehand. This scene is spoofed in the "Stand by Me" segment of the Family Guy episode "Three Kings".
The Tom and Jerry cartoon Tall in the Trap (1962, directed by Gene Deitch) was a parody of Have Gun – Will Travel.
A feature of Frank Zappa's 1970 tour's performances was the "Paladin Routine," a brief improvised comedy sketch based on the Have Gun – Will Travel characters, culminating in a vocalization of the music from the series' opening-credit sequence. One such performance is documented on the bootleg album Freaks & Motherfu*#@%! (later released as part of Beat the Boots).
In the third season, episode 3 of Downton Abbey, aired January 6, 2013, in what appears to be an anachronism, the character Lady Cora tells her husband, "I'm American: have gun, will travel."
"Have Time, Will Travel", an episode of The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald.
Got Dust, Will Travel, a mission from Saints Row 2
Have Mask, Will Travel, the title of the second part of the Mask/Ace Ventura crossover and the final episode of the latter's second season.
In the 1972–74 series Hec Ramsey, set in New Prospect, Oklahoma in 1901, Boone is an older former gunfighter turned early forensic criminologist. At one point Ramsey denies that, in his younger days as a gunfighter, he worked under the name Paladin. The origin of this myth is Boone's remark in an interview, "Hec Ramsey is Paladin—only fatter." Naturally, he merely meant the characters had certain similarities: Ramsey, for his part, was practically buffoonish, imparting a measure of humor to Hec Ramsey missing from the sterner, more erudite Paladin.
In the two-part 1991 TV mini-series The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw, a poker game is played by the rules of "the late Mr. Paladin" in the Carlton Hotel where Paladin usually stayed.
In the 1985 Star Trek novel Ishmael by Barbara Hambly, in which the Enterprise travels back in time, Spock plays chess against Paladin during a visit to San Francisco.

text: Legal battle[edit]

text: In 1974, a rodeo performer named Victor De Costa won a federal court judgment against CBS for trademark infringement, successfully arguing that he had created the Paladin character and the ideas used in the show, and that CBS had used them without permission. For example, at his rodeo appearances he always dressed in black, he called himself the "Paladin", he handed out hundreds of business cards with a chess piece logo and the phrase "Have gun will travel", and he carried a concealed derringer. A year later, an appellate court overturned the lower court ruling on the basis that the plaintiff had failed to prove that there had been likelihood of confusion in the minds of the public—a necessary requirement for a suit over trademark infringement. However, De Costa kept pursuing his legal options, and in 1991—more than 30 years after his first lawsuit was originally filed—he was awarded more than US$3 million. Mr. De Costa died at the age of 83 before he could receive the award.[58]

text: In 1991, on the basis of De Costa's established claims, a Rhode Island federal judge blocked the redistribution of the Paladin show by Viacom.[59]


document_title: Centurion Card

question_text: who had the first american express black card

root

text: Centurion Card

text: History[edit]

text: In 1999 American Express introduced the Centurion Card to cater to the very wealthy. The card was initially available only to selected users of the company's Platinum Card. To become a Centurion cardholder, one must meet American Express eligibility criteria. Cardholders are required to pay an annual fee, and in some countries also an initiation fee. (In the United States, the initiation fee is $7,500 in addition to the $2,500 annual fee from each cardholder).[3] In addition to a variety of benefits, the card itself is made of anodized titanium[3]  with the information and numbers laser etched into the metal. (It should be noted that in some markets the plastic version of the card is still issued, with or without the titanium card.) The plastic card and 2014 and earlier Centurion cards include embossed information on the card. The Centurion 2015 Card introduced laser etching. In some locations, such as Israel, EMV "chip" plastic cards which also include the ExpressPay contactless payment technology are issued. American Express created the card line amid rumors and urban legends in the 1980s that it produced an ultra-exclusive black card for elite users who could purchase anything with it.[4]

tag: p

text: Jerry Seinfeld claimed in a 2018 episode of his web show "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee" (with guest John Mulaney) that American Express began issuing the Black Card after Seinfeld asked the Amex president about it, and that Seinfeld (who was their ad pitchman) was given the first one. [5]

text: Features[edit]

text: Availability and fees[edit]

text: The Centurion Card is invitation-only after appropriate net worth with American Express, credit, and spending criteria are met.[3] American Express does not publicly disclose the requirements necessary for getting or keeping a card, except that the cardholder needs to have a substantial net worth, as well as having been a Platinum card holder.[3]

text: While the eligibility criteria are subject to speculation, most reliable sources agree that Centurion Card holders have historically spent US$250,000 or more per year on lower-level American Express cards, and have annual household incomes of around US$1.3 million and net worths of at least US$16 million.[6]

text:
Centurion Card annual fees

Country
Annual fee/limit

United States

US$2,500 (US$2,500 for each additional card member) plus one-time joining fee of US$7,500[7]

United Kingdom

£2,200 (US$2,821) (unlimited) plus one-time joining fee of £2,500

Canada

C$2,500 (US$1,923) plus one-time fee of C$5,000 (US$3,846)

India

₹200,000 (US$3,071) plus one time fees of ₹250,000 (US$3,839)

France, Spain, Italy, Netherlands

€3,000 (US$3,382) plus one time fee €3,000 (Italy)

Germany, Austria

€5,000 (US$5,637) plus one-time fee of €4,000 (US$4,510)

Switzerland

CHF 4,200 (US$4,286) (unlimited)

Australia

A$5,000 (US$3,846) (increased from A$4,300 (US$3,308), effective 11 July 2012) plus one-time fee of A$5,000 (US$3,846), effective 11 July 2012

Japan

¥365,000 (US$3,254) (increased from ¥197,000 (US$1,756), effective 1 January 2008)

Hong Kong

HK$38,800 (US$4,999) plus one time fee of 4999 (increase from HK$19,800 (US$2,551), effective 30 May 2013)

China (People's Republic of China)

CN¥ 18,000 (US$2,663) issued by Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) pursuant to a license from American Express. CN¥ 36,000 (US$5,325) issued by China Minsheng Bank (CMBC) and China Merchants Bank (CMB) pursuant to a license from American Express. [8]

Singapore

S$7,490 (US$5,428) (unlimited) plus one-time joining fee of S$7,490 (US$5,428)

Kuwait

US$4,000 for Titanium-based Centurion. Issued by American Express Middle East (Bahrain) (Same applies for Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar)

Mexico

Mex$56,000 (US$2,958)

Brazil

R$4,250 (US$1,332)

Argentina

AR$20,000 (US$1,208)

Saudi Arabia

ر.س 11,250 (US$3,000) (unlimited)

International Dollar Currency Card (IDC)

US$4,000 plus one-time fee of US$4,000

International Euro Currency Card (IEC)

€4,000 (US$4,510) plus one-time fee of €4,000 (US$4,510)

Israel

US$2,043 (~₪8,000), where payments can be made either in ILS or in US$.

Russia

₽150,000 (US$2,571)

Taiwan

NT$160,000 (US$4,839) plus one-time fee of NT$160,000 (US$4,839) Note: minimum annual income (NT$3,500,000)[9]

Lebanon

ل.ل 3,000 (US$3,000)

United Arab Emirates

DH 11,000 (US$3,000)

Sweden

kr 30,000 (US$3,509) plus one-time fee of (US$3,509)[10]

tag: table

text: Benefits[edit]

text: The card, available for personal and business use, offers services such as a dedicated concierge and travel agent; complimentary companion airline tickets on international flights on selected airlines with the purchase of a full-fare ticket; personal shoppers at retailers such as Dot & Vic's Rathon Station, Gucci, Escada, and Saks Fifth Avenue; access to airport clubs; first-class flight upgrades; membership in Sony's Cierge personal shopping program and dozens of other elite club memberships.[3]

text: Hotel benefits include one free night, when at least one paid night is booked during the same stay, in every Mandarin Oriental hotel worldwide once a year[3] (except for the New York City property),[11] and privileges at hotel chains like Ritz-Carlton, Leading Hotels of the World, and Amanresorts. All of the benefits mentioned above are for United States-issued cards. American Express Centurion Cards issued in other countries may include different benefits. The card has amenities, including Delta SkyMiles Platinum Medallion status.

text: The card also features complimentary enrollment in Easirent Car Hire Platinum Service and the Avis Rent a Car President's Club.[12]

text: Initially it came with an extensive travel insurance all year round no matter how the trip was paid for but since 2012 this insurance is limited to trips which are paid with the card only. (In Australia, the insurance covers all trips, even if paid with another method or frequent flyer miles).

text: The titanium-crafted Centurion card was first issued as an upgrade for all plastic U.S. Centurion cards in the first half of 2006, with the titanium version being rolled out to certain other countries as well.

text: Some Centurion customers have purchased automobiles using the card or made purchases exceeding €1 million (US$1.36 million).[citation needed] The card has no preset limit in theory. In practice the authorization is decided upon past payment and spending patterns; the largest purchase ever made on one was US$170 million for Amedeo Modigliani's "Nu couché" painting purchased at a Christie's auction house by Liu Yiqian.[13] It was suggested that the reason for funding the purchase through the credit card was to circumvent Chinese money laws that restrict the transfer of money by citizens out of the country to just $50,000.[14]

text: The benefits offered to Centurion cardmembers are vast, but they appear to be based on the benefits offered to American Express Platinum cardholders, but with many enhancements.[15]

text: Centurion Card members, like Platinum Card members, get complimentary access to the American Express Centurion Lounges at several US airports. They also get unlimited access to Priority Pass lounges around the world.[16]  However, at busy times, Centurion members have access to areas reserved for them.  There are also drink options at the bar that are exclusive to Centurion members.  As of 2015, they have a Champagne option of Veuve Clicquot and a single malt scotch by Balvenie.[17]

text: Former benefits[edit]

text: Several original Centurion program benefits have been discontinued, including:

text:
Continental Airlines benefits, which ceased in October 2011
Starwood Preferred Guest Platinum elite benefits, downgraded to Gold (from January 2006, same as Platinum card)
Hyatt Diamond Elite benefits
American Airlines Admirals Club benefits, which ceased on March 21, 2014[18]

tag: ul

text: Publications[edit]

text:
Black InkCategories
Luxury magazineFrequency
SeasonalPublisher
American ExpressYear founded
2004

text: Since the inception of the card, members have received a copy of Departures, which is also sent to all Platinum Card cardholders. In 2004, American Express Centurion members in the US began receiving an exclusive "no name" magazine, which was not available by any other means. Starting with the Spring 2007 edition, this magazine was officially titled Black Ink. The magazine is available only to individual Centurion cardholders, not to the business-edition customers.

text: European, Asian, and Australian Centurion members receive quarterly the Centurion magazine published by Journal International GmbH (Munich, Germany).[19] In June 2011, the Centurion magazine website was launched, offering daily updates for Centurion Card members. According to Journal International, the average age of a Centurion reader from Europe or the Middle East is 49 years. Centurion has been published since 2001 and has a circulation in Europe and the Middle East of 44,100, in Asia of 13,900, and in Australia of 6,000.[2]

text: Elite cards[edit]

text: The Centurion Card is part of an elite credit card segment created for a very small and exclusive range of clients around the world.[3] Other such cards include:

text: Palladium Card

text: AmEx Black Card vs. Black Card[edit]

text: Black Card LLC successfully registered "Black Card" as a U.S. trademark in 2009. However, American Express contended its Centurion Card was widely known as "the Black Card" before the launch of the Black Card (then Visa card), despite never seeking to trademark that name itself. American Express filed suit against Black Card LLC in February 2010, claiming that the trademark was obtained improperly and sought injunctive relief.[20] This suit was concluded in November 2011, with the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruling that Black Card, LLC's trademark of the name "Black Card" should be canceled on grounds that it was merely descriptive.[21] (See also American Express Marketing and Development Corp, et al. v. Black Card, LLC, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 133151 (S.D.N.Y. November 17, 2011.)

text: Today, Black Card LLC uses the registered trademark under license as a MasterCard issued by Barclays Bank Delaware.[22] It has similar features, such as the members-only Luxury Magazine in print and digital form.[22][23]


document_title: On/Off (Japanese band)

question_text: who sings the theme song for vampire knight

text: On/Off (Japanese band)

text: History[edit]

text: On/Off debuted on November 21, 2007 with "Eien no Setsuna" (永遠の刹那, "Eternal Bond"), which was used as the ending theme song the live-action adaptation of Fūma no Kojirō; they were also a part of its cast. The single debuted at number 59 on the Oricon charts.[1] Following the release of "Eien no Setsuna" was their second single "Futatsu no Kodō to Akai Tsumi" (ふたつの鼓動と赤い罪, "Two Beats and a Red Sin") on June 4, 2008. The single achieved more success than their debut single charting at number 19 on the charts.[2] "Futatsu no Kodō to Akai Tsumi" was used as the opening theme song for the first season of anime series Vampire Knight. The duo released two singles, "Rinne: Rondo" (輪廻－ロンド－, "Cycle: Rondo") (October 2008) that became the opening of the second season anime of Vampire Knight and "Hana Kagari" (花篝－ハナカガリ－, "Hanakagari: Bamboo Flower") (March 2009), before releasing their debut album Legend of Twins I: Futago Densetsu (Legend of Twins I－双子伝説－, Legend of Twins I: The Legend Twins) on April 22, 2009. The former charted at number 18 on the charts and was used as the opening for the second season of Vampire Knight; while the latter failed to chart on the Top 30.[3][4] Their single "Butterfly" was also used in the anime Durarara!! as the ending theme song.[5] Their new singles "Hajimaru no wa, Sayonara" was used as second opening for anime series Beelzebub and was composed and produced by popular J-pop artist Daisuke Asakura. On 2/11/11 they release their new single 'Akatsuki' and on 7/12/11 is the release of their new album 'Legend of Twins II : Zoku Futago Densetsu'

text: Discography[edit]

text: Albums[edit]

text:
Year

Album details

Chart positions

JP[6]

2009

Legend of Twins I: Futago Densetsu
Released: April 22, 2009
Label: Music Ray'n Inc.
Formats: CD, CD+DVD, Box set

2011

Legend of Twins II: Legendary Twins Continues'
Released: December 7, 2011
Label: Music Rayn' Inc.

text: Singles[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Chart peak

2007

"Eien no Setsuna" release date - 21st Nov 2007

2008

"Futatsu no Kodō to Akai Tsumi" release date - 4 June 2008

"Rinne: Rondo" release date - 15th Oct 2008

2009

"Hana Kagari" release date - 4 March 2009

2010

"Butterfly" release date - 9 June 2010

15

2011

"Hajimaru no wa, Sayonara" release date - 27 April 2011

31


document_title: Daniel in the lions' den

question_text: where did daniel and the lions den take place

text: Daniel in the lions' den

text: Summary[edit]

text:
Chapters of the Book of Daniel

Chapter 1: Induction into Babylon
Chapter 2: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream
Chapter 3: The Fiery Furnace
Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzar's Madness
Chapter 5: Belshazzar's Feast
Chapter 6: Daniel in the Lions's Den
Chapter 7: The Four Beasts
Chapter 8: The Ram, He-Goat and Horn
Chapter 9: The Seventy Weeks
Chapters 10-12: Daniel's final vision

Additions to Daniel

Song of the Three Holy Children
Susanna and the Elders
Bel and the Dragon

v
t
e

text: Daniel is raised to high office by his royal master Darius the Mede. Daniel's jealous rivals trick Darius into issuing a decree that for thirty days no prayers should be addressed to any god or man but Darius himself; any who break this are to be thrown to the lions. Daniel continues to pray to the God of Israel, and the king, although deeply distressed, must condemn Daniel to death, for the edicts of the Medes and Persians cannot be altered. Hoping for Daniel's deliverance, he has him cast into the pit. At daybreak the king hurries to the place and cries out anxiously, asking if God had saved his friend. Daniel replies that his God had sent an angel to close the jaws of the lions, "because I was found blameless before him." The king commands that those who had conspired against Daniel should be thrown to the lions in his place, along with their wives and children, and writes to all the people of the whole world commanding that all should tremble and fear before the God of Daniel.[3]

text: Composition and structure[edit]

text: It is generally accepted that the Book of Daniel originated as a collection of folktales among the Babylonian diaspora, the Jewish community living in Babylon and Mesopotamia in the Persian and Hellenistic periods (5th to 2nd centuries BC).[8] Chapters 4–6, which includes the tale of Daniel in the lions' den, may belong to the earliest stage, as these differ quite markedly in the oldest texts.[9] Although the entire book is traditionally ascribed to Daniel the seer, the tales of chapters 1-6, including the story of the lion's den, are the voice of an anonymous narrator (except for chapter 4 which is in the form of a letter from king Nebuchadnezzar).[10] It is possible that the name of Daniel was chosen for the hero because of his reputation as a wise seer in Hebrew tradition.[11]

text: Chapters 2-7 are in Aramaic, and are in the clear form of a chiasm (a poetic structure in which the main point or message of a passage is placed in the centre and framed by further repetitions on either side):[12]

text:
A. (2:4b-49) – A dream of four kingdoms replaced by a fifth

B. (3:1–30) – Daniel's three friends in the fiery furnace

C. (4:1–37) – Daniel interprets a dream for Nebuchadnezzar
C'. (5:1–31) – Daniel interprets the handwriting on the wall for Belshazzar

B'. (6:1–28) – Daniel in the lions' den

A'. (7:1–28) – A vision of four world kingdoms replaced by a fifth

text: The story of Daniel in the lions' den in chapter 6 is paired with the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego and the "fiery furnace" in Daniel 3. The parallels include the jealousy of non-Jews, an imperial edict requiring Jews to compromise their religion on pain of death, and divine deliverance. Each story climaxes with the king confessing the greatness of the God of the Jews and issuing an edict of royal protection. In each case life is preserved through divine presence in the fire or the pit.[7]

text: The structure of Daniel 6 itself is also in the form of a chiasm:[13]

text: Rabbinic literature[edit]

text: According to Josippon, "the beasts in the den received Daniel as faithful dogs might receive their returning master, wagging their tails and licking him." The Midrash Tehillim says that "the mouth of the den was closed with a huge stone, which had rolled of itself from Palestine to Babylon for that purpose" and that "upon this stone sat an angel in the shape of a lion, so that Daniel's enemies might not harass him."[14]

text: Artistic representations[edit]

text: In visual arts[edit]

text: Although Daniel is sometimes depicted as a young man in illustrations of the incident, James Montgomery Boice points out that he would have been over eighty years old at the time.[15]

text: Painters who have depicted this incident include:

text:
Jan Brueghel the Younger, Daniel in the Lions' Den
Briton Rivière, Daniel's Answer to the King
Peter Paul Rubens, Daniel in the Lions' Den
Henry Ossawa Tanner, Daniel in the Lions' Den
David Teniers the Younger, Daniel in the Lions' Den

text: In music[edit]

text:
The 1929 gospel blues song "I've Got the Key to the Kingdom" by Washington Phillips retells the story
The 1964 Broadway Musical Fiddler on the Roof by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick includes a song called "Miracle of Miracles", in which Motel, the tailor, sings "Wonder of wonders; miracle of miracles; God took a Daniel once again, turned him around and, miracle of miracles, walked him through the lion's den."
The 1982 song "Daniel" by Raffi on his Rise and Shine album
The 1982 song "Lion's Den" by Bruce Springsteen, first released on the 1998 album Tracks, alludes to the story
The 2011 song "Us Against The World" by Coldplay includes the line 'My drunken as a Daniel in a lion's den', as a reference to being in a bad place.
The 2013 album Bad Blood by Bastille includes a track called "Daniel in the Den"
The 2016 album Arts & Leisure by Walter Martin (formerly of The Walkmen) includes a track called "Daniel in the Lion's Den"[16]
The 2017 album Fear Not Fantasy by Joe Ransom (an unknown songwriter of Australia, residing in Honduras) will include a track called "Science Teacher" which begins with a reference to Daniel in the Lions' Den
Paul White's 'Accelerator' EP features a track called Lion's Den. In the chorus featuring rapper Danny Brown references "Daniel in the lion's den".


document_title: List of Secretaries General of OPEC

question_text: who is the current secretary general of opec

text: List of Secretaries General of OPEC

text: Below is a list with each Secretary General of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), based on the organization's official publications.[1][2] The Secretary General is OPEC's chief executive officer.

text:
List of OPEC Secretaries General

No.
Name
Country
Tenure

1
Fuad Rouhani[A]
 Iran[B]
21 Jan 1961 – 30 Apr 1964

2
Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz[A]
 Iraq[B]
1 May 1964 – 30 Apr 1965

3
Ashraf T. Lutfi
 Kuwait[B]
1 May 1965 – 31 Dec 1966

4
Mohammad Saleh Joukhdar
 Saudi Arabia[B]
1 Jan 1967 – 31 Dec 1967

5
Francisco R. Parra
 Venezuela[B]
1 Jan 1968 – 31 Dec 1968

6
Elrich Sanger
 Indonesia
1 Jan 1969 – 31 Dec 1969

7
Omar el-Badri
 Libya
1 Jan 1970 – 31 Dec 1970

8
Nadim al-Pachachi
 United Arab Emirates
1 Jan 1971 – 31 Dec 1972

9
Abderrahman Khène
 Algeria
1 Jan 1973 – 31 Dec 1974

10
M.O. Feyide
 Nigeria
1 Jan 1975 – 31 Dec 1976

11
Ali M. Jaidah
 Qatar
1 Jan 1977 – 31 Dec 1978

12
René G. Ortiz
 Ecuador
1 Jan 1979 – 30 Jun 1981

13
Marc Saturnin Nan Nguema
 Gabon
1 Jul 1981 – 30 Jun 1983

14
Mana Al Otaiba[C]
 United Arab Emirates
19 Jul 1983 – 31 Dec 1983

15
Kamel Hassan Maghur[C]
 Libya
1 Jan 1984 – 31 Oct 1984

16
Subroto[C]
 Indonesia
31 Oct 1984 – 9 Dec 1985

17
Arturo Hernández Grisanti[C]
 Venezuela
1 Jan 1986 – 30 Jun 1986

18
Rilwanu Lukman[C]
 Nigeria
1 Jul 1986 – 30 Jun 1988

19
Subroto
 Indonesia
1 Jul 1988 – 30 Jun 1994

20
Abdallah Salem el-Badri
 Libya
1 Jul 1994 – 31 Dec 1994

21
Rilwanu Lukman
 Nigeria
1 Jan 1995 – 31 Dec 2000

22
Alí Rodríguez Araque
 Venezuela
1 Jan 2001 – 30 Jun 2002

23
Álvaro Silva Calderón
 Venezuela
1 Jul 2002 – 31 Dec 2003

24
Purnomo Yusgiantoro
 Indonesia
1 Jan 2004 – 31 Dec 2004

25
Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
 Kuwait
1 Jan 2005 – 31 Dec 2005

26
Edmund Daukoru
 Nigeria
1 Jan 2006 – 31 Dec 2006

27
Abdallah Salem el-Badri
  Libya
1 Jan 2007 – 31 Jul 2016

28
Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo
 Nigeria
1 Aug 2016 –

text:
^ Jump up to: a b The first two Secretaries General were Chairs of the Board of Governors in OPEC, and ex-officio Secretaries General. The functions of the two positions were separated prior to the appointment of Secretary General Lutfi, in May 1965.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e The first five Secretaries General were chosen to represent OPEC's founding countries in alphabetical order, and then each of the next eight members took their turn. Only Angola, the last country to join OPEC (2007), has not yet held the position.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Due to political disagreements over the Secretary General position during the Iran–Iraq War, OPEC between mid-1983 and mid-1988 was led by Presidents with a mandate to supervise the Secretariat.

tag: ol


document_title: The Path (TV series)

question_text: when does the path season 3 come out

question_tokens: when does the path season 3 come out

text: The Path (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Eddie Lane lives in Upstate New York with his wife Sarah and their two children, Hawk and Summer. They are all members of the Meyerist Movement, which combines aspects of New Age philosophy, shamanism, Scientology, Christian mysticism and Utopianism with a few elements from the Shakers, Sufism, Tibetan Buddhism and Freemasonry ritual. Eddie returns from Peru, where he had undergone a spiritual retreat designed to advance him further up Meyerism's spiritual ladder. Unbeknownst to his family, while in Peru, Eddie experienced a revelation which causes him to question his faith in Meyerism. Meanwhile, Cal Roberts, a friend of Sarah's and one of Meyerism's top leaders, is looking to expand their influence and deal with the imminent death of their founder, Doctor Stephen Meyer.

text: Meyerism[edit]

text: Meyerism is a fictional movement in the series founded by the character Dr. Stephen Meyer who on October 28, 1974, was said to have literally climbed a ladder of burning light to receive the message of universal truth. Meyer gave to his followers the instructions for their spiritual development, written in the first book of Meyerism, The Ladder. Meyerists believe that all people are damaged which is the cause of the world's suffering. Through personal enlightenment, they seek to become aware of suffering in themselves and others, and to heal the world, caring deeply about family, humanity and the environment. In this way and others, they create the heavenly Garden of Meyer's vision here on earth. However, The Ladder foretells that their efforts will be thwarted by non-believers or Ignorant Systemites (I.S.) whose selfish actions will result in an apocalypse; but those who ascend The Ladder of Enlightenment will live forever in The Garden.

text: The Movement claims 6000 members with facilities located in San Diego, California and Parksdale, New York, with a retreat center located in Cusco, Peru. Most practice Meyerism in everyday lives, while others have taken vows of service and dedicate themselves to counseling, recruitment and outreach programs. However, founder Stephen Meyer warned against media attention, that the movement should remain small and publicity should be kept to a minimum. Spiritual progress is evaluated on an ascending series of rungs from 1R to 10R, with many decisions made by the senior membership or Upper Rungs (U.R.). Meyerists practice meditation and use biofeedback devices and drugs—including ayahuasca and cannabis—to aid in reaching deeper levels of consciousness, and put considerable stock in visions and intuition which are believed to be The Light trying to communicate with them.

text: A Vanity Fair analysis of the show's first episode described Meyerism as "inspired by a grab bag of religious practices and cult beliefs".[10] The show's creator, Jessica Goldberg, specifically refutes comparisons to Scientology.[11][12][13]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Aaron Paul as Eddie Lane: A convert to Meyerism with a wayward past. Eddie suffers a crisis of faith when all that he has come to accept as truth is fundamentally challenged.[14]
Hugh Dancy as Calvin "Cal" Roberts: The charismatic, unofficial leader of The Meyerist Movement. His ambition puts him at odds with the organization's existing leadership and roils Sarah and Eddie's already turbulent marriage.[15]
Michelle Monaghan as Sarah Lane (née Armstrong): Born into a Meyerist family, Sarah's compassion and authority have made her an important figure in The Movement. Her devotion, however, is tested when she uncovers her husband's falsehoods.[16]
Emma Greenwell as Mary Cox: An addict who's been saved by Cal and a team of Meyerists after a tornado leveled her hometown. Now freed from a life of abuse, she becomes infatuated with Cal and devotes herself entirely to The Movement.[17]
Rockmond Dunbar as Detective Abe Gaines: An FBI investigator who seems to be the only agent suspicious of the mysterious religious sect that recently responded to a natural disaster. As he delves deeper into the investigation, he faces personal troubles at home and is forced to reflect on his own faith.[18]
Kyle Allen as Hawk Lane: Eddie and Sarah's devoted teenage son who wants nothing more than to drop out of high school and join The Movement full-time. His loyalty wavers when a popular classmate pursues a relationship with him.[19]
Amy Forsyth as Ashley Fields: A popular girl at Hawk's school who would normally have nothing to do with "a weird cult kid." After a financial crisis hits home, she turns to Hawk and his family for help.[20]
Sarah Jones as Alison Kemp: A defector of Meyerism who holds The Movement responsible for the mysterious death of her husband. She employs Eddie's help in a search for answers and redemptions.[21]
Paul James as Sean Egan (recurring season 1, starring season 2): A novice member of the Meyerist Movement who begins to date Mary when she joins the Movement. Sean's sister was shot and killed in a school shooting, which led him to join the Movement.[22]

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Clark Middleton as Richard
Minka Kelly as Miranda Frank
Keir Dullea as Dr. Stephen Meyer
Peter Friedman as Hank Armstrong
Deirdre O'Connell as Gab Armstrong
Brian Stokes Mitchell as Bill
Adriane Lenox as Felicia
Patch Darragh as Russel Armstrong
Ali Ahn as Nicole Armstrong
Stephanie Hsu as Joy Armstrong
Allison Layman as Shelby
Steve Mones as Silas
Kathleen Turner as Brenda Roberts
Aimee Laurence as Summer Lane
James Remar as Kodiak
Britne Oldford as Noa
Michael Countryman as John Ridge
Kaili Vernoff as Kerry Ridge
Matt Bailey as Mark Penetti
Max Ehrich as Freddie Ridge
Jeb Brown as Wesley Cox
Leven Rambin as Chloe Jones
Whitney Crowder as Betsy
Ali Marsh as Meg Fields
Kaili Vernoff as Kerry Ridge
Alexa Landeau as Tessa

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
March 30, 2016 (2016-03-30)
May 25, 2016 (2016-05-25)

2
13
January 25, 2017 (2017-01-25)
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)

3
13
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
April 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"What the Fire Throws"
Mike Cahill
Jessica Goldberg
March 30, 2016 (2016-03-30)

The faith around which Eddie Lane has centered his life is shaken when, during a sacred ceremony in Peru involving ayahuasca, he sees his dead brother, who guides him to a hidden room where Meyerism's founder Steve Meyer lies comatose in a hospital bed, the instructions for their salvation incomplete. As Meyerists are taught to believe that Steve "lives so deeply in Truth that Light literally surrounds him" and will eventually become one with the Light, the revelation that he is but mortal is intensely disturbing. At the library, Eddie reads a website saying "Meyerism is lying" in that the current leadership is straying from the light. His wife Sarah, the Meyerist community's doctor, becomes suspicious and believes he is having an affair when he secretly meets with website author Alison Kemp, a Meyerist defector, who might understand him. Meanwhile, Cal Roberts arrives to take leadership of the eastern region, and evacuates desperate people from a tornado-stricken trailer park to the Meyerist compound where they are indoctrinated. Trailer park resident Mary Cox, who has been sexually abused from childhood, offers her body to Cal. Cal refuses, and later takes her to the trailer park and brutally beats her abusive father.

2
2
"The Era of the Ladder"
Mike Cahill
Jessica Goldberg
March 30, 2016 (2016-03-30)

Sarah and Eddie begin the Infidelity Rehab Program but he won't confess to an affair. He meets Alison, considering to pay lip service to Meyerism despite his lack of faith, but she angrily claims that the Meyerists killed her husband Jason in Peru for trying to leave and are following her and trying to kill her. Eddie begins to investigate this, finding that police records show Jason killed himself; he is alerted that his son Hawk got in a fight at school, over attention from his friend, popular-girl Ashley who turned to him as her family are about to lose their home. For his family's sake, Eddie undergoes 14 days of "Infidelity Rehab", isolation and interrogation, by the end of which he has confessed to an affair with Miranda Franks, the assistant at Eddie's ceremony in Peru, who is forcibly brought to the community from her home. Cal's ambitions show as he breaks protocol to appear on the local news, and demands the faith of wealthy John Ridge whose son Freddie is dragged from the home and brought to the Meyer community for their drug rehab program. Cal also instructs Mary to have a relationship with fellow novice Sean as they pass out literature to recruit more followers. FBI Detective Abe Gaines puts the Meyerists on cult watch.

3
3
"A Homecoming"
Michael Weaver
Annie Weisman
April 6, 2016 (2016-04-06)

Meyer has liver cancer; his tumour hasn't responded to treatment. He's got no will and no next of kin. Cal visits Meyer frequently with founding members Bill, Felicia and the shaman Silas. But he pretends to the membership that Steve is well and working, telling Sarah only that Meyer is "moving on" and the final rungs are about the succession of leadership. Miranda Franks, torn from her home and brought by force to the community -- against protocol -- is placed in "Realignment Lockdown", but won't confess to an affair with Eddie, receiving no pity from her only visitor, Sarah, and collapses in her cell. Eddie cuts ties with Alison and responds angrily when he finds her outside his home. Cal visits his estranged, alcoholic mother Brenda and breaks two years of sobriety to get her into an assisted living facility. And Detective Gaines convinces Mary's father to delay charges until he can build a bigger case against Cal.

4
4
"The Future"
Michael Weaver
Julia Brownwell
April 13, 2016 (2016-04-13)

Miranda confides in Cal what really happened on Eddie's retreat; he saw his brother, he went somewhere, returned weeping and saying "There is no Light", and she embraced him, wanting to care for him; the shaman Silas then counseled him privately. Convincing her that she's to blame for the misunderstanding, Cal removes her from the hospital. Still concerned of what Eddie may have learned in Peru, Cal offers to be his guide for the next level, 7R, which permits no secrets between them. Founding members Bill and Felicia arrive for the Ascension Day festivities. Sarah cautions the Ridges on Freddie's apparent progress after two weeks' rehab, but John pulls his son out when he learns Sarah is giving him Ayahuasca. Sarah later rescues Freddie from a drug den, and sends Freddie and his mother Kerry to Cuzco to do the ceremony properly. At the Ascension Day celebration, Mary reveals her father's abuse and is comforted by the whole assembly, giving Detective Gaines second thoughts. Bill and Felicia warn Cal to check his ambitions, blaming him for Alison Kemp's outspoken hostility and the abuse of Miranda. Cal shows that he's convinced Miranda to blame herself; that he alone has the charisma to attract new members; and that he will write the last three rungs himself. Bill and Felicia leave with Miranda; asked by them to keep an eye on Cal, Eddie agrees. Hawk continues to attend to Ashley's well-being, and despite warning from his cousin Joy, he kisses Ashley at a field party.

5
5
"The Hole"
Patrick Norris
Coleman Herbert
April 20, 2016 (2016-04-20)

Hawk's relationship with Ashley comes out and Sarah is terrified that he might choose to leave Meyerism, which means he'd be "choosing to be ignorant" and have no place with the family in The Garden. Hawk pretends to break up with Ashley but sneaks out at night to be with her. An angry John Ridge demands Cal return his wife and son from Peru; Cal is initially irate with Sarah for ignoring his orders but later defends her actions to Ridge. Ridge's bodyguard brutally beats Cal, while Silas guides Freddie and Kerry through a vision, drawing them closer together. Mary and Sean have sex and begin to fall in love; she considers leaving when a preoccupied Cal is dismissive of her, but Sean convinces her to stay. And Detective Gaines questions Alison about her husband's death; he'd been on "secret missions" to Cuzco, confided his doubts of Meyer doctrine, and told her "This is the last time". Gaines advises her to leave the area, but says the FBI will investigate; also, he learns his infant daughter Lucy has a condition that might require surgery, and receives advice from Eddie.

6
6
"Breaking and Entering"
Patrick Norris
Jessica Goldberg
April 27, 2016 (2016-04-27)

Eddie joins Cal searching the motel room of Alison Kemp whose presence Eddie conceals; Alison later admits to taking $40k intended for Jason's secret missions. Sarah confronts Cal about intimidating the widow, and Cal admits to Eddie that it was a mistake. Ashley's family are evicted and Hawk convinces Sarah to shelter them. Ashley's mother Meg explains what happened and the family interpret it through Meyerism, take them to an inspirational lecture from Cal, and get her a job. However, Ashley realizes her estranged father would have no place in the Meyerist afterlife; Hawk consoles her and they have sex. Sean is transferred to a different Meyerist center. Mary admits to first dating Sean on Cal's instructions, but now loves him; when she looks into the light, she sees him. Detective Gaines learns that Jason was trying to buy late-stage cancer medications. Sarah sneaks into the well-appointed home of her estranged sister, Tessa, who left Meyerism almost 20 years ago, and finds a half-dozen prescription sedatives. Cal takes in several undocumented immigrants.

7
7
"Refugees"
Roxann Dawson
Jason Katims
May 4, 2016 (2016-05-04)

Police, media and protestors descend on the Meyerist community concerning the Honduran immigrants. Bill and Felicia work with the Upper Rung council for the surrender of the Hondurans, but Cal unilaterally calls for the entire membership to vote. Caught sheltering Alison, Eddie admits to Cal what he saw in Peru and Cal demands he undergo "The Walk", a 250-mile pilgrimage that tests faith and endurance, warning that if he refuses, Cal will tell Sarah everything. At her new job, Meg panics when she sees a Meyerist meditation room in the office, pulls her family from the community and forbids Ashley from seeing Hawk. Mary entices med technician Betsy to get drugs from the infirmary, confronts Cal and leaves -- but quickly returns when her father emerges from the protesters. Silas unexpectedly arrives and goes to Cal, declaring that the Movement is dead because "Steve couldn't accept his own mortality". Cal pleads that the next generation is waiting for him to lead them, but Silas calls Cal a fraud and Cal lashes out, accidentally but fatally stabbing Silas. At the vote, Sarah makes an emotional plea for the Hondurans which sways the Membership. Eddie prepares to leave on The Walk when Hawk returns home in despair and asks to go with him.

8
8
"The Shore"
Roxann Dawson
Annie Weisman
May 11, 2016 (2016-05-11)

Cal buries Silas's body in the woods, in a hole previously dug by Eddie as a devotional exercise. He then brings Sean back to the New York community to reunite with Mary. The standoff ends as the community is successfully declared a protected space, and they receive a sizeable spike in donations. Felicia shares her concerns of Cal's recklessness and asks Sarah to be ready to take a bigger leadership role. Sarah finds a Pachamama idol Silas had left for her, of which she'd earlier dreamed. She begins to call Silas and leave messages for him. The FBI's case is handed over to Homeland Security, which Gaines views as putting politics before justice. Eddie and Hawk grow closer as they begin The Walk; at his childhood haunt of Coney Island, Eddie has a second vision of his brother on the beach. Nicole delivers a stillborn baby which Sarah revives through resuscitation and prayer. The experience was moving enough that Sarah almost transgresses with Cal, but when she stops he throws suspicion on Eddie, leading her to find Eddie's burner phone with Alison's phone number on it.

9
9
"A Room of One's Own"
Michael Weaver
Julia Brownwell
May 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)

Cal asks still-comatose Meyer to communicate any displeasure before Cal commits to the next phase of the Movement. Sarah meets Alison and trades Jason's journal for the truth about Eddie, that they were not transgressing but that Eddie was questioning his faith. Mary's promiscuity and drug use are exposed; Cal prompts Sean and Mary to recommit through marriage. Eddie and Hawk return and Sarah confronts her husband over 3 months of lying, feeling that he's rejecting everything in her soul. She continues to leave messages for Silas. Gaines is given two weeks' leave to clear his head; a co-worker shows him a pathology report showing Jason Kemp's hands were badly burned. Cal asks John Ridge for help to expand Meyerism globally. Later, he makes a false announcement that Steve is returning. Hawk leaves to get a job to support Ashley despite Sarah's threats to cut him off. Both parents seek help, leaving Eddie estranged from his extended family while Cal bribes Ashley to break-up with Hawk by offering a house for her family. Eddie finds out, accusing and then hitting Cal in front of the membership. Alison reads the journal, realizes Jason wasn't murdered, and contemplates suicide before surrendering herself at the community.

10
10
"The Miracle"
Michael Weaver
Jessica Goldberg
May 25, 2016 (2016-05-25)

Eddie refuses to sign forms labelling himself a denier, moving out to a motel. Sarah supports this decision. Alison seeks help, Jason's journal describing strange visions and stating that he was going to climb the ladder even if it killed him, and Cal claims the final Rungs change the existing policy, permitting forgiveness for repentant deniers. Sarah's calls to Silas go unanswered; Felicia says Cal was at the community the night Silas went there. At the hospital Eddie prays for Gaines's daughter Lucy, whose condition suddenly resolves before her scheduled surgery. Eddie asks the community's head counselor Richard for help, fearing a psychotic break, but Richard urges Eddie to find the meaning to his visions. Mary tells Cal that they're alike, trying to be good but irreparably broken and seeking darkness; they have sex. Sarah agrees to take the Movement to the next level with Cal, joining him as a guardian of the light, but soon discovers that Cal wrote the last three rungs himself. Mary's father returns and tells Sarah he saw Cal leaving in his car a month ago; the time coincides with Silas' vanishing. Eddie returns to the retreat center in Peru where he finds an empty hospital bed, with Meyer standing at the window.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

11
1
"Liminal Twilight"
Michael Weaver
Jessica Goldberg
January 25, 2017 (2017-01-25)

Atop Huayna Picchu in Cuzco, the senior membership celebrates that Steve has ascended into the Light and dedicate themselves to continuing his message. Eddie and Sarah remain separated. Eddie now works in construction and Sarah brings him Hawk and Summer in secret. Summer is happy to see Eddie but Hawk, now studying 1R, is suspicious of Eddie, even though he has not signed the denier forms. The novices help residents of Clarksville suffering a polluted water crisis. Hawk bonds with a jaded college student, Noa. Eddie meets former classmate Chloe, who had dated his brother Johnny. Eddie again sees Johnny, seeming to indicate he's on the right track. A flashback reveals that when Eddie went to Peru, Dr. Meyer had awoken from his coma and ripped out his IVs; he walked through the town and up Huayna Picchu, Eddie pleading with him to reveal his illness; he said he was prepared to write the last three rungs and declared Eddie, not Cal, the new son of the movement. They are both hit by lightning and Meyer falls from the mountain. His burned body is discovered by locals. Meyerist counselor Richard investigates, joined by Kodiak, a "gifted" 10R elder whom Sarah summoned from his hermitage in Siberia when she discovered Cal's deceptions. To protect the faith they agree not to disclose Steve's true fate. They photograph a drawing by a local resident who says Steve was pushed. In the city, Cal runs into Mary who is five months pregnant, severely hinting that he may be the father. Cal purchases a building at $5 million, much more than the organization can afford. He plans to have Meyerism declared a religion for tax exemptions (against Meyer's intentions). Sarah is deeply opposed. Later, she accidentally hits a fawn with her car. Cal finds her, confesses that he accidentally killed Silas and shows her his body, further shaking her faith. They rebury Silas with the fawn beside him. FBI agent Abe Gaines is seemingly now fully immersed in the movement and confesses his attraction to Russell's wife Nicole; they kiss but do not fully transgress. Later, Abe returns to his family, who feel neglected by his absence.

12
2
"Dead Moon"
Michael Weaver
Annie Weisman
January 25, 2017 (2017-01-25)

Sarah experiences flashbacks and nightmares following the reveal of Silas's body. In an unburdening session with Richard, she learns that Eddie was seen in Peru, which she questions. Eddie refuses to respond to the allegations and goes on a date with Chloe, his old classmate, and they awkwardly have sex. Hawk bonds with his new friend Noa and further explores his own faith. The two leave a bottle of the polluted water on the doorstep of the deKaans, wealthy industrialists whose factory caused the pollution. Hawk hurls a rock through a window. Abe helps to halt the Meyerists' application for tax exempt status, forcing Cal to tap the Ridge family for a fundraiser party. Told to not directly solicit donations, he nonetheless asks the crowd for help. Sarah, embarrassed by Cal's actions, escapes to another room and begins to get physical with another guest, but stops after seeing paintings of animals being hunted and killed, causing another flashback. Cal confronts the sexually aggressive guest and punches him in the gut. Sean questions the way Cal shows him and Mary off, bringing tension into their marriage. Hawk and Noa take an initiatory walk through a forest without lights on the dark of the moon and Hawk has a mystical experience.

13
3
"The Father and the Son"
Michael Slovis
Julia Brownell
February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)

Hawk shares his spiritual experience with Eddie, who expresses doubt. Hawk says he needs to commit fully to the movement and can no longer see Eddie. In a depressive spiral, Eddie confronts both Cal and Sarah, threatening to murder Cal if he tries to take Hawk away. He joins Chloe at a casino, but becomes aware that he's being followed. He confronts the man, who tells him to stay away from the city center and punches him in the face. Kodiak shares memories of Steve's kindness and friendship with Sarah's mother Gaby, with whom he once had an affair. Richard and Kodiak read the "final three Rungs" in Steve's supposed last journal, but realize Steve didn't write it. It names Cal and Sarah as the new leaders, but Richard remembers Steve saying the Light would decide that. They speculate that Cal pushed Steve off the cliff. Hawk and Sarah apologize to Mrs. deKaan. She threatens to have Hawk arrested unless they drop the water campaign. The movement can't afford independent tests thanks to Cal's overspending. Jocelyn Gaines warns Abe to wrap the case up, takes the children and leaves. Cal pressures Lisa, the IRS officer and sometime Meyerist who handled for their tax-exemption forms. Farmer Marshall Small expresses doubts that the Meyerists can truly help with the water; Sarah promises the tests will be done, and drinks some of the water herself to prove her commitment. Mary tells Sean her baby may not be his and he silently leaves. Richard and Kodiak withdraw to the forest for a private ritual hoping to summon Steve's spirit; seemingly successful, they hear him say "there is no Light".

14
4
"The Red Wall"
Michael Slovis
John O'Connor
February 8, 2017 (2017-02-08)

Eddie awakens in the hospital. His doctor tells him Meyerism is a cult, gives him anti-anxiety pills and refers him to an ex-cult support group. The novices take a lesson in using will power to cause change; they imagine a white wall as different colors and see it vividly enough to believe it's actually changed -- all but Sean. Noa takes Hawk to a "private concert" by Andrew Bird. He makes a play for her, but she says he is too young. The $5M building had been a homeless shelter for decades; Cal wants to keep and even expand the homeless services but evicts all the current residents. They are furious. Sean comes to Eddie's house, distraught over Mary's affair. Eddie tells Sean that family and love are all that counts. As he speaks he realizes he still believes in the Light. Sean and Mary reconcile. Kodiak speaks gently to Cal, inviting him to unburden, implying he will listen. The FBI put a wire on Lisa and send her to the community where Sarah threatens Lisa with the tape of her unburdening session; Lisa writes a note warning about the wiretap. Sarah silently gives Lisa her tape, which she later burns. The FBI get nothing useful. Sarah gives Cal Lisa's warning. Cal reassures her that they have new wealthy donors, among them Noa's mother, a high-powered music mogul.

15
5
"Why We Source"
Norberto Barba
Jessica Goldberg
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

In Meyerism, "sourcing" is interrogation with the subject's hand resting on a piece of treated paper similar to litmus. Cal hopes to uncover the FBI agent. Gaines, the real agent, passes the test. Cal asks his help. Sourcing also involves sweeps for contraband, such as cigarettes. Sarah's brother Russell leads these "ES" teams. Sean subtly warns Cal he knows about the affair, asking for a new refrigerator. Mary tells Cal her baby might be his. Summer reveals to the family she and Hawk have been seeing Eddie, angering Nicole, Russell's wife. Gaby advises her husband Hank to keep this quiet as they have secrets of their own. Richard source-interrogates Cal, who reveals there's an FBI mole, but nothing else; he passes, barely. Sarah and Marshall Small negotiate with the lab about water testing in Clarksville. Mrs. deKaan has Hawk arrested and charged with eco-terrorism. In juvenile hall, he hears lectures about systemic racism and income inequality from his Afro-American roommate Samuel. Eddie prays in the Meyerist fashion and is inspired to locate Mrs. Dekaan's estranged son and reunite them by phone. However, Sarah has to promise to stop the testing before Mrs. deKaan will drop the charges. Sarah and Eddie reunite secretly and Sarah discovers strange scarring on his back. He explains he was struck by lightning. Furious, Hawk tells Eddie he would have stayed in jail so the water tests could proceed. Gaines has the clinic sourced and frames Shelby, the community's nurse-practitioner; she is forced to leave. Sarah tells Marshall, who sits with his favorite cow as she dies, about having to stop the tests. He plunges a knife into the cow's neck, splattering Sarah with black tar and shouting that it is poison.

16
6
"For Our Safety"
Norberto Barba
Justin Doble
February 22, 2017 (2017-02-22)

Sarah undergoes a purification rite, but continues secretly visiting Eddie. She misses a meeting where Cal puts Abe Gaines in charge of security. Members must now wear ID badges. Elders react badly, especially Hank and Kodiak, who says "Repealing rights is always done in the name of safety." Prompted by Nicole, Cal commends Russell's obedience and devotion publicly, inviting him to train for 8R. Wanting as a Meyerist to do his part to relieve suffering, Hawk moves to the city center. Cal speaks flatteringly to him, inviting him to train for 2R. Kodiak believes Cal's role in Steve's death should be revealed, saying the proof is in Steve's journals. He implies he might murder Cal himself; Richard locks him in the archive room. Years ago, Cal, then a small child, overheard a private session where Steve and Kodiak confessed terrible things they'd done. Eddie attends social gatherings with Chloe, finding them difficult at first. He tries to tell Sarah about Peru; she refuses to believe Steve didn't ascend. Hank secretly visits his daughter Tessa. Richard counsels Sarah to let Eddie go, visualizing him walking away; she mentions the lightning scars and Richard bolts from the room to release Kodiak, saying Eddie, not Cal, was with Steve when he died. Gaines orders the FBI lab to test the Clarksville water, charging it to the Meyerist investigation; asked how to categorize it, he says "Offset", the Meyerist term for atonement.

17
7
"Providence"
Michael Weaver
Vanessa Rojas
March 1, 2017 (2017-03-01)

Eddie volunteers to babysit for Chloe's son Johnny, taking him to an exhibition at a local Army base. Kodiak follows them, but is unnerved by displays that revive his Vietnam War memories. The community is threatened with foreclosure. Sarah and Cal try and fail to raise the money. Each rung has a theme and 2R is "Service". Taking this deeply to heart, Hawk holds a Foot washing service for homeless people. Cal tells him to ask Noa for more money from her mother. Noa refuses, citing her mother's drug use and neglect. Hawk suggests her mother could be converted. Mary tells Cal she has faith in his ability to find a way. Sean slips away to call his mother, telling her about Mary's pregnancy but warning her not to come. In the forest, Gaines meets an associate who reports his request for a water test was denied. Richard secures and consecrates an isolated cabin where he can question Eddie. Kodiak says he will do this only in the right spirit. Sarah tells her family about the taxes; Gaines finds out from Nicole. Sean, walking on a back road, discovers his parents with a Deprogramming counselor in a car. Realizing he was followed, Eddie takes young Johnny and drives off to rejoin Chloe, but the surroundings begin to resemble a dream he'd had, including the cabin; he stops, discovers Richard in a parked van and is knocked unconscious by Kodiak. Cal joins Sarah's family at dinner, asking forgiveness and promising to find a way that won't risk their homes. Sarah begins listening to tapes of self-incriminating unburdening sessions.

18
8
"Return"
Michael Weaver
Annie Weisman
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)

In Los Angeles, Cal connects with Noa's mother Jackie and tries unsuccessfully to help her persuade Luna, a very young pop star, to continue her career. Cal's mother Brenda is dying, leaving a message for Cal by way of Sarah; she apologizes for not having stopped Steve molesting Cal as a child. Sarah refuses to believe it. Hawk, now interim leader of the city center, discovers the financial crisis and confronts Sarah. Kodiak and Richard give Eddie ayahuasca to relive Steve's last moments. Instead, Eddie has a near-death experience. Steve leads him into the Garden (an expanded version of the Meyerist community). He sees his mother and his brother Johnny, who consoles him about Steve's death. When he revives he relates his vision and says he tried to keep Steve from falling, but he would have died of cancer anyway. Jackie tells Cal he doesn't believe his own sales pitch, and they have sex. Young Johnny is picked up by police and returned to Chloe. Sarah tells Cal of Brenda's death, saying only that she apologized for not being a good mother. Finding Luna considering suicide, Cal advises her to quit. He warns Jackie that Noa was courageous to disconnect from her: "Don't wait until it's too late to be a good mother." Sarah leaves a blackmail note for a former member. Richard gives Eddie Steve's medallion of the Meyerist Eye, affirming him as the next leader.

19
9
"Oz"
Patrick Norris
Coleman Herbert
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)

Sarah's blackmailings raise enough money to pay off the back taxes; she is literally sickened by what she's done. Eddie consults a priest at his childhood church about feeling "called". Cal, experiencing massive burnout, wants to quit. Deprogrammer Wendy Kennair gives Mary a copy of The Wizard of Oz, with its theme that people and things are not always what they seem. Eddie visits Richard; Felicia is there to take Eddie through the last three rungs. The theme of 8R is "mending". Eddie's visions lead him to condemn the shunning of outsiders and Deniers, which was not in the original doctrine and has destroyed many relationships, including Richard's with his lover Jeremiah. Hawk brings Noa to a family dinner, where Russell behaves rudely to Nicole. Cal asks Mary to run away with him; she refuses. Kodiak tells Gaby the community is about to collapse and pleads with her to escape with him. Eddie visits Tessa; she rejects his ideas. He then encounters Ashley, who later visits the city center to see Hawk. Gaines visits the "contributors" who tell him of the blackmail. In search of their tapes, he connects with Nicole again; they have sex. A chance remark of hers leads him to the archive room. Cal and Sarah give a brief and not very Meyerist talk on "self-love" at the World Faith Conference; later, they have sex. Hank visits Eddie, who explains he is preparing to take Cal's place and reunite the family. As they embrace, Eddie begins bleeding from his lightning scars.

20
10
"Restitution"
Patrick Norris
Jessica Goldberg
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)

Restitution is a solemn three-day religious fast similar to Yom Kippur where Meyerists return to the community to reflect on atone for and relinquish their worst sins of the year, sealing written confessions in tiny coffin-shaped boxes, which are flung into the lake and later retrieved and burned. Unnerved by a dream about Marshall Small, Sarah returns to the farm and finds that he has died. Gaines speaks with Don, one of the blackmailed members, who agrees to help expose Sarah's crimes. Hawk remains in the city with Ashley, but when she tells him of Cal's bribe he leaves. Wendy Kennair speaks with Sean about Meyerism vs. personal choice. He tells Mary she's the only reason he stays. Eddie persuades Tessa of his idea of shunned Deniers returning to the community; instead of waiting for a group she goes on her own, badly upsetting the family but also inspiring individual thoughts and reactions -- including the revelation that Sarah had planned as a teen to leave Meyerism and go with Tessa. Eddie feels he has failed, saying he is no leader. As the people throw their boxes in the lake, Cal releases his mother's ashes. Instead of burning Sarah's box Richard opens it and shows her confession -- that she was with Cal -- to Eddie.

21
11
"Defiance"
Phil Abraham
Coleman Herbert
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)

Felicia continues guiding Eddie through 8R. Hawk commits himself to Realignment Lockdown but feels worse, and wants to see Eddie. Later he reunites with Noa. Eddie furiously confronts Cal and shows him Steve's Meyerist Eye emblem, proving he is the "chosen son". Sarah confirms Eddie was with Steve when he died. Cal rants hysterically at a security meeting, frightening the staff including Mary. Cal fakes a text message from Hawk to Eddie, dispatching three enforcers to beat Eddie. Eddie asks Hank to search the archive for Deniers and outcasts. Cal speaks to Hawk about his bribe of Ashley; Hawk later tells Eddie to accept Sarah and Cal's relationship, mimicking Cal's words and even his mannerisms. Hank and Gaby secretly reunite with Tessa. Cal goes through mementoes of Steve, stirring painful memories. Eddie confronts Sarah, but his words give Richard away. Mary warns Sarah that her baby's father may be an exploitive, abusive member but won't identify him. Sarah tries to tell Cal, then realizes Mary meant Cal. Cal encourages Sean and Mary to leave. At the last moment Mary runs away. The water tests are completed against orders and presented to Det. Gaines by a technician whose mother died young in Clarksville. Gaines finds he was set up to investigate the Meyerists only to prevent them from exposing DeKaan, his boss' highest campaign contributor. He visits Eddie and reveals his true identity. Sarah rifles Richard's home, finds a motel key and discovers Felicia. Cal's dreams reawaken more memories of Steve's sexual abuse.

22
12
"Spiritus Mundi"
Sian Heder
Coleman Herbert
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)

Mary, lost in the forest, goes into labor. Cal and Sarah interrogate Richard, who admits everything, and Felicia, who flatly refuses to cooperate and remains in Lockdown. Richard is forced to sign denier forms and thrown out, homeless and destitute. His ex-lover Jeremiah refuses to help. Eddie interviews Deniers; many trace their banishment to Cal, not Steve. Gaines tells Eddie about the unburdening tapes used as blackmail. The "contributors" give their FBI depositions. Gaines slips a copy of the water report into Sarah's car (she doesn't see it). She meets Eddie who reveals he knows about the blackmail. As she drives back, someone runs her car off the road. She is hospitalized; Cal implies to Hawk that Eddie was responsible. Hawk angrily demands that Eddie must leave. Eddie gives his house to Richard, tells him about the blackmail and leaves. Richard warns that the ninth rung, "Augur", consists only of visions that will come to him. Mary's baby boy is white: Sarah assumes Cal's the father and repudiates him. Richard returns to the community. Denouncing Cal publicly, he declares Eddie the true leader, locks himself in the archive room and douses himself and the tape library with gasoline. At a filling station, Eddie senses Sarah is in danger and speeds back to the community just as Richard strikes a match.

23
13
"Mercy"
Jessica Goldberg
Jessica Goldberg
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)

Sarah, with a warrant out for her arrest, is in Canada with Summer. Eddie visits them in secret. During a memorial for Richard, some devotees leave. More Deniers come to Eddie's house trusting his leadership. Eddie demurs, but is deeply moved by their faith. Mary pressures Cal to acknowledge his still-nameless son. Hawk shows the water report to Cal. Gaines locates Shelby, now homeless; Eddie takes her in. Cal warns Eddie that the "business" of religious leadership is difficult and talks him into helping to convince Mrs. DeKaan into arranging to dismiss Sarah's charges if the Meyerists drop the water scandal. Sarah and Summer flee when a neighbor becomes suspicious, but are passed through at the U.S. border. Later she remonstrates with Eddie for not letting her take responsibility. Mary tells Hawk that Cal is her baby's father; disillusioned with Cal over this and the DeKaan deal, Hawk asks Eddie about being "chosen" by Steve, saying he knows from personal experience that some aspects of Meyer mysticism are real. Cal names his son Forest Roberts. On Ascension Day, Cal rudely silences Felicia's story of the Ladder. He speaks instead about releasing pain and loss. A noise at the gate interrupts the festivities. It's Eddie's Denier group. Hank immediately opens the gate; the devotees greet the Deniers warmly, and Cal pretends he'd been in on the plan. Abe Gaines walks away, unnoticed. Felicia tells Sarah to be ready to lead as Cal is unfit and Eddie -- for selling out Clarksville to save Sarah -- has proven unworthy.

text: Season 3 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

24
1
"The Beginning"
TBA
TBA
January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)

25
2
"A Beast, No More"
TBA
TBA
January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)

26
3
"Locusts"
TBA
TBA
January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)

27
4
"De Rerum Natura"
TBA
TBA
February 7, 2018 (2018-02-07)

28
5
"Awakenings"
TBA
TBA
February 14, 2018 (2018-02-14)

29
6
"Messiah"
TBA
TBA
February 21, 2018 (2018-02-21)

text: Production[edit]

text: The Meyerist compound was shot on location at Nyack, New York, redressed with influences from kibbutz living, collective farming, and production designer Russell Barnes's experiences being raised on an island with limited resources. The two-story Lane home was built on a sound-stage. Almost all of the Peru scenes were shot in the area, including a New York state park used for a mountaintop scene with subtropical plants concealing uncleared snow.[24] The City Center is "played" by the Church House of the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church Complex.[25]

text: The Eye symbol, central to Meyerist branding and given dominance in many interiors, was based on tribal, Egyptian and modern art, with a rising sun overlaid to show hopefulness for a new day.[24] Series creator Jessica Goldberg describes the Eye's symbolism as a duality of enlightenment and paranoia, that "your eyes have been opened, and now you've seen the truth" but also that "you're always being watched." While preparing to shoot a scene in a Westchester storefront dressed as a Meyerist recruitment office, passers-by would come in—curious about the Eye on posters, books, brochures, etc.—wondering what the movement was and how they could join.[26]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Best Animated Short Subject
The Path Title Sequence
Nominated
[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The first season of The Path has received positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator, Metacritic, the first season scored 70 out of 100 based on 33 reviews.[28] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter reacted positively to the series, writing: "There's a lot to like about The Path, from the strong visual sense of place that director Mike Cahill established in the first two episodes to its theoretical take on faith, and of course the exquisite acting and deft writing."[29] Hank Stuever of the Washington Post, wrote that "The Path works best as an intense psychological study of an extended family whose members equate faith and loyalty with happiness."[30]

text: Alan Sepinwall of HitFix had a more critical reaction to the series. He called the show a "a dry, claustrophobic show, with not enough of a narrative hook to pull the viewer through hour after hour of it."[31]

text: The second season also received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the season has a score of 64 out of 100 based on 8 reviews.[32]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Residents of Marysville, Washington called the show "insensitive" for "exploiting" the October 24, 2014 shooting at Marysville Pilchuck High School. Episode 2 referred to the shooting in order to develop the backstory of one of the characters. The insult, they say, was that the show's writers changed the real events in order to make them better fit the story, giving the shooting a racial motive (the character stated that the shooting was due to "the color of their skin").[33] As of 8 July 2016[update], Hulu and the writers of the show had made no response to this.

text: In April 2017, following the announcement that Hulu had picked up the show for a third season, actor Rockmond Dunbar was abruptly told that his contract would not be renewed. Speaking about it with the Hollywood Reporter, he called the decision "not a healthy way to do business".[34]


document_title: Patellar reflex

question_text: where do you hit the knee for reflex

question_tokens: where do you hit the knee for reflex

text: Patellar reflex

text: Mechanism[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Striking the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps muscle. This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L3 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. From there, an alpha motor neuron conducts an efferent impulse back to the quadriceps femoris muscle, triggering contraction. This contraction, coordinated with the relaxation of the antagonistic flexor hamstring muscle causes the leg to kick. This is a reflex of proprioception which helps maintain posture and balance, allowing to keep one's balance with little effort or conscious thought.

text: The patellar reflex is a clinical and classic example of the monosynaptic reflex arc. There is no interneuron in the pathway leading to contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Instead, the bipolar sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron in the spinal cord. However, there is an inhibitory interneuron used to relax the antagonistic hamstring muscle (Reciprocal innervation).

text: This test of a basic automatic reflex may be influenced by the patient consciously inhibiting or exaggerating the response; the doctor may use the Jendrassik maneuver as a distraction or diversion in order to ensure a more valid reflex test.

text: Purpose of testing[edit]

text: After the tap of a hammer, the leg is normally extended once and comes to rest. The absence or decrease of this reflex is problematic, and known as Westphal's sign. This reflex may be diminished or absent  in lower motor neuron lesions and during sleep. On the other hand, multiple oscillation of the leg (pendular reflex) following the tap may be a sign of cerebellar diseases. Exaggerated (brisk) deep tendon reflexes such as this can be found in upper motor neuron lesions, hyperthyroidism[3], anxiety or nervousness. The test itself assesses the nervous tissue between and including the L2 and L4 segments of the spinal cord.[2]

text: History[edit]

text: The term knee-jerk was recorded by Sir Michael Foster in his Textbook of physiology in 1877: "Striking the tendon below the patella gives rise to a sudden extension of the leg, known as the knee-jerk."[4]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The term began to be used figuratively from the early 20th century onwards. O. O. McIntyre, in his New York Day-By-Day column in The Coshocton Tribune, October 1921, wrote: "Itinerant preacher stemming Broadway on a soap box. And gets only an occasional knee-jerk."[4]