document_title: Keeping Up Appearances

question_text: who played hyacinth bucket in keeping up appearances

text: Keeping Up Appearances

text: Background[edit]

text: Hyacinth Bucket (Patricia Routledge)— who insists her surname is pronounced Bouquet (although her husband Richard has said, "It was always 'Bucket' until I met you!")[4] — is an over-bearing, social-climbing snob, originally from an underclass background, whose main mission in life is to impress others with her lifestyle, perceived affluence and refinement. She's terrified that her background will be revealed, and goes to great lengths to hide it. Hyacinth likes to spend her days visiting stately homes (convinced she will meet and strike up a friendship with the upper-class owners, especially if they are aristocratic) and hosting "executive-style" candlelight suppers (with her Royal Worcester double-glazed Avignon china and Royal Doulton china with "the hand-painted periwinkles").[5] She ostentatiously brags about her possessions to others, including her "white slimline telephone with automatic redial," which she always answers with "The Bouquet residence, the lady of the house speaking."[6] (Frequently she receives misdialed calls asking for a Chinese take-away, making her very angry.) She speaks in an exaggerated RP-like accent with Northern undertones, while her relatives speak in broad Northern accents. Her neighbours speak in milder RP accents. When flustered, Hyacinth regresses to her native Northern accent for a while.

text: Hyacinth's attempts to impress make the lives of those around her difficult; her continual efforts to improve her social position usually involve inviting her unwitting neighbours and friends to 'exclusive candlelit suppers'. Although Hyacinth is not deterred by the lack of response to her attempts, nearly everyone around her lives in fear of being invited, and usually makes frantic attempts to excuse themselves. Unfortunately, her husband Richard (Clive Swift) bears the brunt of the suffering. He initially worked for the council but, at the beginning of series 3, reluctantly accepts early retirement. Although he loves her with a long-suffering endurance, he is notably exasperated by her plans and her habit of making extravagant and unnecessary purchases. Although she lives to impress others, Hyacinth regularly competes with the upper-middle-class neighbours (whom she considers snobbish show-offs), such as Sonia Barker-Finch, Delia Wheelwright and Lydia Hawksworth (who alone of Hyacinth's rivals seems to be an actual snob, as she disdains kiwifruit as "lower middle class".) Hyacinth sometimes says things like "I haven't a snobbish bone in my body" or "I can't abide such snobbery like that" when talking about those she considers her competition.

text: Always hindering Hyacinth's best efforts to impress – and providing an unwelcome reminder of her less-than-refined roots – are her underclass sisters Daisy (Judy Cornwell) and Rose (Shirley Stelfox in series 1; Mary Millar thereafter), and Daisy's proudly "bone-idle" husband Onslow (Geoffrey Hughes). They, along with Hyacinth's senile father, frequently turn up inconveniently (usually in their clapped–out Ford Cortina Mk IV – which always makes a characteristic backfire when it arrives), with Hyacinth going to great lengths to avoid them (saying "Richard, you know I love my family, but that's no reason why I should have to acknowledge them in broad daylight!"). Hyacinth's senile father frequently has flashbacks to the Second World War, and often exhibits bizarre behaviour, sometimes involving embarrassing situations with women (Onslow describes him as "barmy"). Two relatives of whom Hyacinth is not ashamed are her wealthy sister Violet (Anna Dawson) and her unseen son Sheridan. Violet frequently telephones Hyacinth for advice, allowing her to loudly announce to anyone in earshot, "It's my sister Violet – the one with a Mercedes, swimming pool/sauna and room for a pony". However, Violet's social acceptability is damaged by the eccentric behaviour of her transvestite, equestrian-loving husband Bruce, whom she violently attacks because of his behaviour. Hyacinth also tries to impress people with the intellectual prowess of her beloved Sheridan (who actually only takes courses in needlework at a polytechnic). Hyacinth boasts about the "psychic" closeness of their relationship and how often he writes and phones her, although he never writes and usually phone calls only to ask for money (much to the despair of Richard).[7] Hyacinth is blissfully oblivious of the seemingly obvious hints that Sheridan, who lives with a man named Tarquin (who makes his own curtains, wears silk pyjamas, and has won prizes for embroidery), is homosexual.[8] It is at one point implied that Sheridan has come out to his father.

text: Hyacinth's neighbour Elizabeth Warden (Josephine Tewson) is frequently invited round to the Buckets' for coffee. Though she is ordinarily calm, Liz's nerves go to pieces in Hyacinth's house, causing her to smash Hyacinth's china and spill coffee and biscuits on Hyacinth's Burmese rug.[9] She is married with a daughter away at University, but her husband works abroad and, like Sheridan, neither character ever appears. Elizabeth is occasionally able to 'one-up' Hyacinth herself by reminding her neighbour that her daughter is at University, whilst Sheridan is studying at a lesser Polytechnic. Liz's brother Emmet (David Griffin) moves in with her at the beginning of series 2 after a messy divorce. Hyacinth, upon learning that Emmet is a musician, frequently and abruptly sings out-of-key at him in an attempt to get a part in one of his productions, making him terrified of leaving the house, lest she see him ("She'll sing at me!"). Emmet's problems are further complicated by Hyacinth's mistaken belief that his frightened reactions indicate that he is infatuated with her which, in fact, could not be further from the truth.

text: Hyacinth frequently confronts the postman with complaints, such as having to receive mail bearing second class stamps, harassing him to the point that he will go to extreme lengths not to face her; and she often forces workmen and other visitors to her home to remove their shoes before entering. Michael, the vicar of the local church (Jeremy Gittins) is also loath to face the overbearing Hyacinth, to whom he refers (to others) as "the Bucket woman". The vicar and his wife sometimes exact comic revenge on Hyacinth for her snobbishness; on one occasion, when she was one of a group of volunteer helpers at the church, the vicar's wife saw to it that Hyacinth's hand went up prematurely and assigned her the job of cleaning the church toilets.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Series

1
2
3
4
5

Hyacinth Bucket
Patricia Routledge

Richard Bucket
Clive Swift

Elizabeth 'Liz' Warden
Josephine Tewson

Daisy
Judy Cornwell

Onslow
Geoffrey Hughes

Rose
Shirley Stelfox

Mary Millar

Emmet Hawksworth
David Griffin

Michael Partridge (the vicar)
Jeremy Gittins

Daddy / Father
George Webb

Mrs Partridge (the vicar's wife)
Marion Barron

Michael (the postman)
Leo Dolan

David Janson

Milkman
Robert Rawles

Violet
Anna Dawson

Major Wilton Smythe
Peter Cellier

Mrs Nugent
Charmian May

Bruce
John Evitts

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Keeping Up Appearances aired for five series, four Christmas specials, and one short Children in Need special, from 29 October 1990 to 25 December 1995. The series officially ended after the episode "The Pageant", because Patricia Routledge wanted to focus on other TV and theatre work, including Hetty Wainthropp Investigates which began airing in 1996. Clive Swift, who portrayed Richard, stated in a BBC interview that Routledge "didn't want to be remembered as simply 'Mrs. Bucket'".[10]

text:
Series overview

Series
Premiere
Finale
Episodes
Specials

1
29 October 1990
3 December 1990
6
0

2
1 September 1991
3 November 1991
10
1

3
6 September 1992
18 October 1992
7
0

4
5 September 1993
17 October 1993
7
2

5
3 September 1995
5 November 1995
10
1

text: Production[edit]

text: Locations[edit]

text: Exterior shots around Hyacinth's house were taped in Binley Woods, Warwickshire, a village east of Coventry.[11]

text: Exterior shots around Daisy and Onslow's council terrace were taped in Stoke Aldermoor in Coventry.[12] Other exterior street and town shots were taped in Leamington Spa, and in various towns throughout Warwickshire, along with many scenes from the large town of Northampton, mainly the church hall. Some scenes were also shot in Swindon, Oxford, and Bristol. One scene was shot in Oslo, Norway. One episode was filmed in Great Yarmouth, mainly in the Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach Theme Park.

text: The opening sequence shows Hyacinth writing an invitation to one of her trademark candlelight suppers; this invitation lists Hyacinth's address as "Waney Edge, Blossom Avenue, Fuddleton". In the same sequence, the invitation is eventually sent to an address in Eddleton. Neither town actually exists. However, there are several references to the characters being in the West Midlands throughout the series, as when Hyacinth said that she could become the "Barbara Cartland of the West Midlands Social Circuit Scene" in the episode "The Hostess". In another episode, police officers wearing West Midlands Police jumpers escort Richard home and several West Midlands Travel busses are also seen throughout the series.

text: Vehicles[edit]

text: Richard and Hyacinth Bucket's car is a Rover 200-series (SD3) saloon. Early episodes show a light blue 1987 216S bearing the number plate D541 EXL, but later episodes feature a sky blue 1989 216SE EFi model (bearing same number plate bar one letter, now D541 EFL).[13]

text: Onslow drives a 1978 Ford Cortina (number plate VSD 389S) that is in poor condition and backfires loudly almost every time it starts or stops, embarrassing Hyacinth, and frequently crushing her hopes of creating a perfect impression with new people. Onslow is also the owner of the rusting carcass of a Hillman Avenger in his front garden, wherein lives Onslow's dog that always barks at Hyacinth as she approaches.[13]

text: Violet and Bruce own a Mercedes-Benz W126 S-class and later a Mercedes-Benz W202 C-class.

text: Neighbour Elizabeth drives a white 1989 Austin Metro City hatchback with number plate F434 RLA (which, despite being the subject of comments from Hyacinth about its age, is actually newer than Richard's car).[13]

text: After Keeping Up Appearances[edit]

text: Various shows related to the programs were released:

text: The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket

text: In March 1997, Geoffrey Hughes and Judy Cornwell reprised their roles as Onslow and Daisy for a special compilation episode recorded for broadcast in the United States on PBS. The show sees the pair introduce classic clips from the series.

text: Comedy Connections

text: In 2004, the documentary series featured an episode dedicated to Keeping Up Appearances. Stars Clive Swift, Josephine Tewson, Judy Cornwell and David Griffin, along with writer Roy Clarke and producer/director Harold Snoad, all discussed the series. Clips from an interview with Patricia Routledge from 2002 were also included. The episode revealed that there were serious artistic differences between Clarke and Snoad. Specifically, Clarke refused to act as anything but a writer and rarely visited the set or location shoots, necessitating that Snoad make minor rewrites to accommodate the realities of taping. This infuriated Clarke, who disliked any tampering of his work, and Snoad thought Clarke was being unreasonable. The situation was mitigated in later series by the hiring of a production assistant whose sole job was to keep Clarke apprised of Snoad's changes, and to keep Snoad informed of Clarke's opinion of them.[10]

text: Life Lessons from Onslow

text: In early 2008, Geoffrey Hughes reprised his role as Onslow once again for a clipshow of the series; this was to be broadcast on American television, and sees him teaching a credit course at the Open University, and has selected "successful relationships" as his subject matter. The special was also released on Region 1 DVD.

text: Mind Your Manors

text: When Keeping Up Appearances didn't return after Patricia Routledge announced she no longer wished to play Hyacinth, this proposed spin-off series would have seen Onslow forced to take a supposedly "easy" job tending the gardens of a large manor house estate owned by a doddery and rather forgetful old Lord. When the Lord passes away suddenly, Onslow, Daisy and Rose (whom it is implied was having a fling with the Lord, causing the heart attack which led to his passing) end up 'temporarily' moving into the manor house to mind it, due to a legal dispute with the deceased Lord's estranged brother (whom Rose immediately starts lusting after) who wants the land. A mislaid deeds paper left by the forgetful old Lord would supposedly clarify who has rights to the estate, buried somewhere in the gardens that Onslow is left to ineptly try and keep in shape. Most of the conflict would have come from the Lord's brother and the manor's snooty neighbours, the wealthy Hyde-Whytes, who are not happy about the "commoners" who have taken up residence next door (although it later transpires that Mr. Hyde-Whyte used to know Onslow in their youth and is indebted to him after Onslow once took the fall for him to stop him being arrested). Su Pollard was approached to play the role of Miss Dorothy Henshaw, the Lord's eccentric and easily flustered cook / house-keeper who remains with the estate, and some preliminary location shooting was reportedly undertaken, though this possibly may be connected with the "missing" final episode of Series 5, "The Bishop Affair".[14] This proposed follow-up series was ultimately not commissioned, with Geoffrey Hughes continuing with his portrayal as Onslow in the above listed specials instead.

text: Mary Millar, who played Rose from series two to series five, died on 10 November 1998. George Webb, who played Daddy, died on 30 December 1998. Charmian May, who played Mrs. Councillor Nugent, died on 24 October 2002. Geoffrey Hughes, who played Onslow, died on 27 July 2012. Shirley Stelfox, who played Rose in series one, died on 7 December 2015.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Audio[edit]

text: In 1998, the BBC released three episodes of the show: "A Job for Richard", "Country Retreat" and "Sea Fever" on audio cassette. Clive Swift reprised his role as Richard recording a narrative to compensate for the lack of images.

text: VHS[edit]

text: BBC Video released three videos featuring episodes from the series.

text: How to Enhance Your Husband's Retirement

text: This was released in 1993 and featured the episodes: "Iron Age Remains", "What to Wear when Yachting" and "How to Go on Holiday Without Really Trying".

text: Sea Fever

text: This was released in 1994 and featured the episodes: "Sea Fever" and "A Job for Richard".

text: Rural Retreat

text: This was released in 1995 and featured the episodes: "Country Retreat", "Let There Be Light" and "Please Mind Your Head".

text: DVD[edit]

text:
My Way or the Hyacinth Way (volume 1) – released 18 March 2003 (contains the complete series 1)
Hints from Hyacinth (volume 2) – released 18 March 2003 (contains episodes 1–5 from series 2)
Home is Where the Hyacinth Is (volume 3) – released 18 March 2003 (contains episodes 6–10 from series 2)
Deck the Halls with Hyacinth (volume 4) – released 18 March 2003 (contains all 4 Christmas Specials from 1991, 1993, 1994 & 1995)
Hyacinth in Full Bloom – released 18 March 2003 (contains volumes 1–4)
Everything's Coming Up Hyacinth (volume 5) – released 3 February 2004 (contains the complete series 3)
Some Like it Hyacinth (volume 6) – released 3 February 2004 (contains the complete series 4)
Living the Hyacinth Life (volume 7) – released 3 February 2004 (contains episodes 1–6 from series 5)
Hats Off to Hyacinth (volume 8) – released 3 February 2004 (contains episodes 7–10 from series 5 & the special "The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket")
Hyacinth Springs Eternal – released 3 February 2004 (contains volumes 5–8)
The Full Bouquet – released 7 September 2004 (complete series – contains volumes 1–8)
The Full Bouquet: Special Edition – released 9 September 2008 (complete series re-release, everything from volumes 1–8 & special "Life Lessons from Onslow")
Life Lessons from Onslow – released 9 September 2008
Collector's Edition – 5 November 2013 (contains all 5 series and every special)

text:
Series 1 & 2 – released 7 March 2003
Series 3 & 4 – released 16 February 2004 (includes the 1991 Christmas special)
Series 5 – released 26 December 2006 (includes Christmas Specials from 1993, 1994 & 1995)
The Essential Collection – released 8 October 2007 (complete series)
The Complete Collection – released 23 September 2013 (complete series re-release, slimmer version)
Christmas Specials – released 3 November 2014 (contains all 4 Christmas specials)

text:
Series 1 & 2 – released 1 September 2003[15]
Series 3 & 4 – released 8 July 2004[16]
Series 5 – released 3 November 2005[17]
Christmas Specials – released 11 November 2005[18]
The Complete Series – released 2005
Life Lessons from Onslow – released 15 April 2010[19]

text: Streaming[edit]

text: In the United States, the complete series was available via streaming through Netflix and Amazon Video, but is no longer available to stream on either platform.[20] However, it is available for streaming on BritBox.

text: Books[edit]

text: Three books related to the series have been released in the UK. Two were written by Jonathan Rice and published by BBC Books and the other one was written by Harold Snoad (the director of Keeping Up Appearances) and was published by Book Guild Publishing.

text: Hyacinth Bucket's book of etiquette for the socially less fortunate

text: This was first published in 1993, and is a light-hearted guide to manners, as seen through Hyacinth Bucket's eyes. It is based on the TV series' scripts and contains many black-and-white photos of scenes from the show.

text: Hyacinth Bucket's Hectic Social Calendar

text: This was published in 1995 and is presented in a diary format chronicling a year in Hyacinth Bucket's life, with typical comments about her relations and neighbours.

text: It's Bouquet – Not Bucket

text: This was published in late 2009, the book includes rare photos which were taken during the filming of Keeping Up Appearances. The book contains full plot synopses for all episodes, main cast details, filming locations for all episodes which used outside shots, and stories of some entertaining events which happened during filming.

text: Overseas books[edit]

text: Due to the popularity of Keeping Up Appearances in the United States, books about the series have also been published across the Atlantic.

text: Keeping Up Appearances: A Companion to the Series

text: This comical series guidebook was published in the late 1990s by WLIW21. It was co-authored by mother-and-daughter writers Georgene and Mary Lee Costa. It features summary descriptions of each episode, cast and crew biographies, series photographs and an interview with Harold Snoad.

text: Since it was written during the filming of the final series of episodes, Snoad included the co-authors of the guide as extras in the episode "The Fancy Dress Ball".

text: Theatre adaptation[edit]

text: In 2010, the television show was adapted into a play entitled Keeping Up Appearances that toured theatres in the UK.[21] The cast included Rachel Bell as Hyacinth, Kim Hartman as Elizabeth, Gareth Hale as Onslow, Steven Pinder as Emmet, Debbie Arnold as Rose, David Janson (who had previously appeared in the TV show as the postman) as Mr Edward Milton, a new character created for the stage show,[22] Christine Moore as Daisy and Sarah Whitlock as Mrs Debden.[23] Main character Richard Bucket, Hyacinth's husband, does not appear in the production, but is frequently referred to: Hyacinth addresses to him off-stage and talks to him on the phone. The main plot of the show revolves around Emmet directing a play at the local village hall, but when Hyacinth is cast in the play's leading role disaster is in the making.

text: This adaptation, directed by playwright Johnny Culver, made its American premiere in New York City in March 2015, at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church Theater Fellowship/Jones Auditorium. Culver directed an additional production of this adaptation with performances on 5 August 2017 and 6 August 2017 at Saint Luke's Episcopal Church in Forest Hills, Queens.

text: Prequel[edit]

text: In 2015, it was announced that a prequel to the series entitled Young Hyacinth would be made, following a 19-year-old Hyacinth Bucket during the early postwar years and set some forty years before the events of Keeping Up Appearances.[24] The cast were announced on 11 April 2016.[25] Hyacinth was played by Kerry Howard; Rose by Katie Redford; Daisy by Katherine Pearce; Violet by Tamla Kari and Daddy by Mark Addy. It was broadcast on BBC One on 2 September 2016.[26] The prequel sees Hyacinth working as a maid and attempting to manage her family so they appear well above their means. In the special, Hyacinth is in a relationship with a Mr. William Hitchcock, whom Hyacinth forces to dress up and wear a hat when they walk. The special ends with her drunken Daddy falling into the canal, which Hyacinth's employers see, causing her great embarrassment. However, she blames Daddy's behaviour on "an old war injury".[27][28] Approximately 4.14 million viewers watched the show within seven days of its broadcast, making it the 22nd most watched BBC One show for the week ending 4 September. A total of 4.39 million viewers watched the show within 28 days of its initial broadcast.[29]


document_title: Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)

question_text: where was the first episode of walking dead filmed

root

text: Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The episode opens in medias res as former Sheriff Deputy Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) scavenges for gas and supplies at an abandoned convenience store in rural Georgia on a deserted highway. He spots a little girl (Addy Miller), but she turns out to be a zombie. When she charges towards him, Rick shoots her in the head.

tag: p

text: Returning to several weeks prior, Rick is seriously injured and falls into a coma while chasing down crooks, alongside his partner and childhood friend Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal). He gains consciousness in an abandoned hospital near his home. Outside, he finds a zombified woman dragging her legless body towards him. He ignores her and returns home, finding his family has long-since fled. Rick encounters Morgan Jones (Lennie James) and his son Duane (Adrian Kali Turner), and they explain the zombie apocalypse that occurred while Rick was in a coma. Morgan warns the only way to stop the zombies is to destroy the brain. Rick decides to head to Atlanta where a refugee camp is rumored to exist, though Morgan would rather stay behind. Rick splits the stash of weapons and supplies from the police station with Morgan and promises to stay in touch with a walkie-talkie. Morgan and Duane return to their home, and Morgan fires upon the zombies gathered outside, but is unable to shoot the one that had been his wife.

text: On his way out of town, Rick stops by the legless zombie. He apologizes for what happened to her and shoots her. Later, he is forced to abandon his car when he runs out of gas, continuing the rest of the way on horseback. When he radios Morgan the next day, his signal is picked up by a survivors' camp where Shane, Rick's wife Lori (Sarah Wayne Callies), and his son Carl (Chandler Riggs) are safe. Unaware that it is Rick on the other line, they lose radio signal before they can warn him of the dangers in Atlanta.

text: In the seemingly empty city, Rick follows a helicopter flying overhead right into a horde of zombies. They attack his horse, forcing him to drop his bag of weapons and take shelter in a tank. As the zombies swarm the vehicle, a voice from the tank's radio sarcastically asks Rick if he is comfortable in there.

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: Robert Kirkman claimed that he had considered the idea of a television series, but never actively pursued it.[1] When Darabont became interested, Kirkman called it "extremely flattering" and went on to say that "he definitely cares about the original source material, and you can tell that in the way he's adapting it." In his interview, Kirkman exclaimed that it was "an extreme validation of the work", and continued by expressing that "never in a million years could [he] have thought that if Walking Dead were to ever be adapted that everything would be going this well."[1]

text: The Walking Dead institutes elements from George A. Romero's horror film Night of the Living Dead (1968). Darabont admitted to becoming a fan of the film at age fourteen. He insisted that the film has a "weird vibe", comparing it to that of pornography. He continued: "It had this marvelously attractive, disreputable draw [...] I loved it immediately."[2] Darabont recalled walking into a comic book store in Burbank, California and seeing The Walking Dead on the shelf in 2005.[2]

text:
Being that I've always had 'the love of zombies gene', I of course grabbed it, took it home and read it, and immediately started pursuing the rights to it. I thought it would make a great TV show. I loved the idea of an extended, ongoing, serialized dramatic presentation set in the zombie apocalypse.
“
”

Frank Darabont[2]

tag: div

text: Darabont described the process of developing the series and setting it up at a network as "four years of frustration".[2] He first initiated a deal with NBC to own copyrights to The Walking Dead, but was later declined.[3] "They were very excited about the idea of doing a zombie show until I handed them a zombie script where zombies were actually doing zombie shit," he stated.[3] Darabont credited Hurd with finally getting the series on AMC. "Gale was tremendously instrumental in jump-starting it at a point where it felt like it was languishing, "he asserted. "I'd gotten turned down enough times, which is no reflection on the material, but no matter what you're trying to sell in Hollywood, you're Willy Loman and it's Death of a Salesman. You're out there trying to sell shit that nobody wants. Even if it's good shit."[3]

text: Hurd recalled that she had heard of the comic before, and upon reading it, felt that it would be great for film.[3] She stated: "When I first read the book, I thought, 'This would be a great film,' and boy was I wrong. It's a much better TV series. Fast forward, I knew that Frank had initially developed it for NBC, which to me seemed like an odd pairing for this. Then I heard it wasn't going forward at NBC so I talked to Frank."[3] On January 20, 2010, AMC officially announced that it had ordered a pilot with Darabont and Hurd acting as executive producers; the former wrote the script and directed the episode.[4] The entire series was pre-ordered based on the strength of the source material, the television scripts, and Darabont's involvement.[5]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Darabont wrote a 60-page pilot script for "Days Gone Bye".[6] His initial script for the episode was split in half and embellished. Darabont explained that he did this to "slow the narrative down and dig into the characters more deeply, so it's not just plot-driven, event-driven stuff. You really want to drag these characters into the equation."[2] Darabont felt that instituting visual maneuvers would increase the surreal atmosphere of a scene.[6] Upon reading the script, Kirkman thought that producers were consistent with his comic, adding that they could possibly improve his initial work. "Reading that pilot was just a revelation. It's extremely faithful. There are things that are so much like the comic, I can't really remember the nuance of what's different and what's not from the comic. He's definitely being more faithful than I expected, and everything that he's changing is brilliant. I couldn't be happier. I think the fans of the book are going to just love it."[3] The episode shares its name with volume one of the comic book series.[7]

text: Cast[edit]

text: The principal photography produced a high demand for extras as zombies. In an interview with MTV News, special effects artist Greg Nicotero stated that while anyone was welcome to audition, the producers of the show were looking specifically for people who possessed exceptional height and thin features.[8][9] Casting for extras took approximately three days. Once accepted, the extras would be sent to "zombie school" for training and preparing for filming.[10] Nicotero stated that "it was interesting because I initially thought my experience with zombie movies is you just let them do whatever they want to do. George [Romero] always said, 'You show 50 people one movement, then you have 50 people doing all the same thing.' So we sort of just lined them up and said, 'Let's see what your zombie walk would look like,' and then they would do it and we would say, 'Try this or try that.' You know, sort of fine tuning everybody."[10] Alongside with Darabont, Nicotero had previously collaborated with Romero on several occasions, and looked at the structure of the zombies in his films for inspiration.[10] "It's not that I'm against [fast zombies]. It's just not what I grew up with. It's interesting, too, because a couple takes we did, where a couple of the zombies kind of broke into a run, and after one take Frank's like, 'Did they run too fast? They shouldn't be running. Slow them down.' This is trying to be creepy and moody and, you know, you're building up all this kind of scary tension."[10]

text:
I got an e-mail outlining the project. The first thing I read was AMC. I went, 'Great! I've been waiting for an AMC opportunity!' Then it said The Walking Dead. Terrific title. Then the names. Frank Darabont. Gale Anne Hurd. Great. And then it said 'zombie survival horror.' I think I actually did a literal double take. I was like, 'Really?!'
“
”

Andrew Lincoln[11]

text: In April 2010, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Jon Bernthal and Andrew Lincoln were chosen by producers for the main cast of the series. Bernthal was to portray Shane Walsh, while Lincoln provided the role of Rick Grimes, the central character of The Walking Dead.[12] While Hurd didn't expect to cast Lincoln, Kirkman was ecstatic with his acting, evaluating him as an "amazing find". In his interview with Dread Central, Kirkman added that "writing Rick Grimes month after month in the comic series, I had no idea he was an actual living, breathing human being, and yet, here he is. I couldn't be more thrilled with how this show is coming together."[13] Although he was initially shocked upon hearing of The Walking Dead,[11] Lincoln thought the episode's script was well written. "I read it and thought it was well written, and I put myself on tape just for one scene. I didn't know who was involved at this point."[14] The succeeding day, his agent called him about the development of the pilot. Lincoln described the moment as "kind of like a dream list".[10] He later communicated with Darabont via Skype; "We spoke for about 40 minutes about his ideas for the project, about what I liked about Episode One and then he asked would I fly over to come and test."[10] Lincoln flew to Darabont's home, where he viewed "Days Gone Bye" in his garage. He opined that was "brilliant" and "very intimate".[10]

text: Bernthal was extremely comfortable with his character on set. "The second he opened his mouth and started reading the scene, I knew it was him," he said. "There was no question. I saw Frank and I knew it. He's the guy. He's a wonderful actor, and he's going to kill it in this role."[10] Bernthal admitted that he had no prior knowledge of The Walking Dead. He reminisced that he reacted so "organically" to the script that he "didn't want to be colored by anything else. When I did read the comic, I was shocked. Look, I'm not going to sit here and regret. One of the great things about doing TV versus film is to be surprised yourself, to not let where you're going color where you are."[10] The pilot episode's script was amongst several other scripts for proposed television pilots that Bernthal skimmed through; He felt that this script overshadowed the others. "[It was] pilot season, and I read everything that was out there. I still remember the day that I got this script. I told my agent that I'd be thrilled to be an extra in this, it's so good. It just blew the rest of them right out of the water."[10]

text: Shortly after the announcement, Sarah Wayne Callies was approached to play the role of Rick's wife Lori Grimes, the lead female.[15] The following month, Laurie Holden claimed the role of Andrea; Holden had previously worked with Darabont in the science-fiction horror film The Mist (2007).[16] Other actors garnering roles in the main cast include Steven Yeun, Chandler Riggs, and Jeffrey DeMunn.[13] "Days Gone Bye" featured guest appearances from actors and actresses such as Emma Bell (Amy), Andrea's younger sister. Bell would later become part of the main cast as a recurring character.[17] Lennie James played Morgan, and Jim Coleman guest performed Lam Kendal.[18][19] Samuel Witwer, who had collaborated with Darabont in The Mist (2007), appeared as a dying soldier.[20]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The producers chose to film in Atlanta because of its proximity to Cynthiana, Kentucky, Kirkman's hometown and the setting of his comic's first issue. "At the beginning they talk about how some of the people in neighboring states would have gone to larger cities so they could fortify them and protect the population."[10] Kirkman had considered other cities, particularly New York City, Miami, and Chicago.[10] Hurd had previously filmed in the city for Lifetime.[10] Darabont felt that Atlanta offered the essentials; "Atlanta and Georgia all-told is proving to be brilliant for us in terms of what it has to offer, in terms of what the story needed, in terms of the variety of locations—it really is a fantastic place to shoot."[21] Prior to filming, Kirkman toured with Darabont around the central business district. He stated, "I tagged along on a location-scouting expedition, and that was pretty fun—watching Frank Darabont walking through the streets of Atlanta as if he owned the entire city, daring cars to hit him. That was a lot of fun."[22] Darabont ventured onto the middle of a street to grasp a perfect shot, oblivious to oncoming traffic.[22]

text: Atlanta's climate was cited as a potential issue that would hinder production. Darabont recalled that he found it difficult to adjust to the sweltering heat, adding that he "never had clothes stick to me like this in my life".[10] Lincoln retorted that it was "becoming a running joke that people arrive on set ready for the day and then they are battered and beaten up by the weather."[10] Despite such assertions, he opined that it added to the episode's overall emotion. "There's a lot of hard-earned sweat on camera. It's not comfortable and it's not pleasant, but it's as you would imagine it would be trying to survive in this world."[22]

text: Principal photography took place in the city on May 15, 2010, after AMC had officially ordered the production of six episodes for the series.[23][24] Filming took place over two months, ending in early July.[25] Locations were set up in various spots within the central business district, particularly in the Fairlie-Poplar District.[25] The season premiere was shot completely in anamorphic format on 16 mm film.[26] David Tattersall was the director of photography, while production design was headed by Greg Melton and Alex Hajdu. The special effects team included veteran makeup designer Greg Nicotero, special effects coordinator Darrell Pritchett, and visual effects supervisors Sam Nicholson and Jason Sperling.[27]

text: Computer-generated imagery was used in much of "Days Gone Bye", particularly when Rick encounters a legless walker.[28] "The woman was wearing basically blue stockings and then everything was cleaned out. There is an alarming amount of CGI in the pilot episode and in the whole show, and you would never know it," articulated Robert Kirkman.[28] Kirkman felt that Stargate Studios, which was chosen by producers to edit the pilot episode, did a splendid job. He stated: "There's a shot where Rick is riding off on the horse and his hat actually blew off, and they really liked that shot, and so they had Stargate go in and digitally put the hat back on his head."[28]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The show's website released a motion comic based on the first issue of the original comic and voiced by Phil LaMarr.[29] The site also posted a making-of documentary, and other behind-the-scenes videos and interviews. In the documentary, Kirkman as well as artist Charlie Adlard expressed pleasure that the show is faithful to the comic and remark on the similarities between the actors and the comic's original character drawings.[30] Several scenes were screened July 23, 2010 as part of the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International.[31] Hurd asserted that "[they] really are doing six one-hour movies",[32] and Darabont insisted that the series would closely reflect the development in the comics. "The path is a very strong template. But we're going to take every interesting detour we feel like taking. As long as were staying on the path of what Robert has done, I don't see any reason not to. If they have patience we'll eventually catch up to what Robert is doing."[32]

text: The Walking Dead debuted during the same week in 120 countries. "Days Gone Bye" premiered in Hong Kong on TVB Pearl on August 30, 2011,[33] while it expanded in international markets during the first week of November.[34] Two weeks prior to its official US premiere, the contents of the episode leaked online.[35] As part of an expansive campaign to advertise and heighten anticipation for the premiere, international broadcasting affiliates of AMC and Fox coordinated a worldwide zombie invasion event days prior to the US premiere. The event occurred in twenty six cities worldwide,[36] in select locations including the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City, Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., Palace of Westminster in London, Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Acropolis of Athens in Athens, and the Museo del Prado in Madrid.[36][37] The campaign events commenced in Hong Kong and Taipei, and culminated in Los Angeles.[37]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Romance is an underlying theme in "Days Gone Bye". After returning from the hospital, Grimes unsuccessfully looks for signs of his family. Determined to find them, he travels to Atlanta, which is imagined to be a haven because of its proximity to the CDC. Kirkman said of the developing storyline:

text: Well, I didn’t know how long the comic book series was going to last. I hoped that it would become a success and survive for years and years. But at that time in my career, it was very early, I had had a lot of books canceled, just because of poor sales. So early on in the book I would move past storylines very quickly. I set up this love triangle and I resolved that story and moved along within the first [few] issues. But there's a lot of story potential to mine there. One of the things that the TV show is able to do is to look at the comic book series with hindsight and go, 'This would probably be something that we could explore more.' And that's what we're going to be doing. So we'll be seeing a lot more of the Lori-Shane-Rick love triangle.[28]

text: The scene in which Grimes regains consciousness and investigates his situation is reminiscent of the British horror films The Day of the Triffids (1962) and 28 Days Later (2002).[28][38] Kirkman insisted that the similarities especially with 28 Days Later was coincidental. "I saw 28 Days Later shortly before the first issue of Walking Dead was released," he stated. "That first issue came out in October of 2003 and 28 Days Later was released in the States in June of 2003. So we were working on our second issue by the time I saw it. It was going to be a matter of somehow trying to restage the entire first issue, because it was a very similar coma opening. I made a decision—which I pretty much regret at this point—I said, 'You know what? It's so different [from that point on], I will probably never hear anything about this.' And I was wrong."[28]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The episode attained 5.35 million viewers, making it the most-viewed series premiere in AMC history.[39][40] It garnered a 2.7 rating in the 18-49 demographic, translating to 3.6 million viewers according to Nielsen ratings. It subsequently attained the highest rating in the 18-49 demographic among cable television programs that year.[39] Following two encore presentations, total viewership reached 8.1 million.[40] "Days Gone Bye" became the highest-rated cable telecast ever, hitting significantly higher numbers than predecessors Swamp People and Ice Road Truckers on the History channel.[39]

text: It obtained 2.1 million viewers from the 18-34 demographic and 3.1 million from the 25–54 demographic.[40] It became the highest-rated non-sport cable program of the week, as well as the third highest-rated overall program of the week dated October 30; "Days Gone Bye" was outperformed by a game between the Miami Heat and the Boston Celtics as part of the 2010–11 NBA season and a match between the New York Giants and the Dallas Cowboys as part of the 2010 NFL season.[41] It is the third most-watched installment of The Walking Dead's first season, scoring less than "Wildfire" (5.56 million),[42] and "TS-19" (5.97 million).[43] "Days Gone Bye" garnered the highest total viewership for a season premiere out of any cable program up until the airing of its successor, "What Lies Ahead", which attracted 7.3 million viewers.[44]

text: "Days Gone Bye" achieved similar success in European markets. It debuted in 120 countries in 33 languages.[40] In the United Kingdom, the episode acquired 579,000 viewers, with an estimated 315,000 from the 18-49 demographic. It became the most-watched FX telecast of the week dated November 5.[45] The terrestrial premiere (including Ireland and Scotland) aired on Channel 5 on April 10, 2011, garnering 1.5 million viewers.[46] In Italy, "Days Gone Bye" became the highest-rated telecast of the night on pay television, delivering 360,000 spectators.[47] In Spain, the pilot episode attained a 10.2% share in the television market amongst pay television programs, ultimately obtaining 105,000 viewers. It became the highest-rated series premiere on Fox that year.[47]

text: The episode performed strongly in Asian markets. In South Korea, "Days Gone Bye" secured 57,000 spectators, subsequently becoming the highest-rated program on Fox that year.[47] In Southeast Asia, total viewership hit 380,000, beating out all Western television programs. "Days Gone Bye" saw its strongest figures in Singapore and the Philippines, where its ratings exceeded the time slot average by 425% and 1,700%, respectively.[47]

text: "Days Gone Bye" achieved substantial ratings in the 18-49 demographic in several Latin American countries. In Argentina, the pilot episode attained a 3.5 rating in the 18-49 demographic, thereby outperforming the time slot average by 341% and becoming the highest-rated program in its time slot on pay television.[47] It acquired a 2.1 rating in Colombia and Peru, where it exceeded time slot averages by 176% and 970%, respectively. It became the highest-rated program in its time slot on pay television in both countries.[47] "Days Gone Bye" garnered a 1.2 rating in the 18-49 demographic in Venezuela, becoming the highest-rated television program of the day on pay television.[47]

text: Reaction[edit]

text: Charlie Collier, the president of AMC, stated that it was "a good day to be dead. We are so proud of this series, its depth of storytelling and the remarkable talent attached. As the network dedicated to bringing viewers the best stories on television, we are so pleased to have the opportunity with The Walking Dead to raise the bar within this popular genre and continue our commitment to being the home of premium television on basic cable."[40] Senior Vice President Joel Stillerman ascribed that much of its success came from the storytelling presented in the episode; "The Walking Dead is that rare piece of programming that works on so many levels. It is legitimately great storytelling that is not only highly entertaining, but incredibly thought provoking as well. People who are familiar with the comic books know what's coming, but suffice it to say, this is only the beginning of a long, intense, and powerful ride. Long live The Walking Dead."[40]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
And there's no underplaying the role of AMC, too, which is creating a distinctive brand out of very different series such as Mad Men, Breaking Bad, Rubicon, and now The Walking Dead. AMC makes sure that all of its shows breathe and move at a deliberate and challenging pace that is anathema to the networks. Also, AMC seems to require the kind of arresting visuals most often associated with the big screen.
“
”

Matthew Gilbert
The Boston Globe[48]

text: "Days Gone Bye" was critically acclaimed. Sebastian Liver of Der Tagesspiegel insisted that the episode was setting new standards, and elaborated that it illuminates even during its timid moments.[49] Mike Ryan of Vanity Fair reflected parallel sentiments, calling it the "best new television show of the year."[50] Ryan felt that the series would broaden the audience of the horror genre, as well as attract new fans. "Finally, a horror show on television for people who hate horror. It's not that The Walking Dead isn't scary or doesn't contain gratuitous amounts of gore [...] but, where other horror projects opt for camp, The Walking Dead grounds itself in reality."[50] Writing for The Atlantic, Scott Meslow affirmed that The Walking Dead was "as dark, intelligent, and uncompromising as any of AMC's other dramas."[51]

text: St. Louis Post-Dispatch's Gail Pennington appraised "Days Gone Bye" as "genuinely terrifying", adding that despite being too gruesome for her tastes, it was "too engrossing not to watch."[52] Pennington commended the character development in the episode, stating that Darabont "finds time for the human tragedy of the situation."[52] In an A- grade review, Boston Herald journalist Mark Perigard said that the pilot episode was a "suspenseful thriller",[53] while Robert Bianco of USA Today avouched that it was "one killer of a zombie show."[54] The Wall Street Journal writer Nancy deWolf Smith felt that "Days Gone Bye" contained a cinematic quality to it; "The pilot episode [is] so good that it has hooked even a zombie hater like me."[55] Steve West of Cinema Blend praised the episode, calling it "the best pilot since Lost's introduction" and "a brilliant examination of what makes us human."[56] Leonard Pierce of The A.V. Club gave the episode an 'A-' grade, and described it as a "stunning debut".[57]

text: Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe said that the installment was "fully dynamic and engaging".[48] "The Walking Dead is a promising human story built over a sea of grunting corpses. It's a scare-fest at points [...] and it's definitely extremely bloody, as zombie guts splatter all over the place like chunky borscht. The 90-minute premiere is a gory Halloween horror event, for sure."[48] Liz Kelly and Jen Chaney of The Washington Post reacted positively to the series premiere, deeming it as a "chilling show", and exclaiming that it had a "very real sense that the world can go completely mad, and stay that way for good."[58] Kris King of Starpulse said that it was "a welcome reprieve from the camp-laden world of zombie culture."[59] Josh Jackson of Paste gave the episode an 8.8 out of 10. Jackson praised the final moments of the episode, describing it as "epic".[60] IGN's Eric Goldman issued "Days Gone Bye" a nine out of ten, signifying an "amazing" rating.[61] Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly evaluated the pilot episode as intense, and felt that it delivered above expectations. He added that it was an "instant classic".[62] Fellow journalist Dan Snierson agreed with Jensen's opinion, complimenting the show for its unpredictability.[62]

text: James Poniewozik of Time reacted positively to the episode, exclaiming that it "paints a thoroughly convincing postapocalyptic world, both visually and emotionally."[63] Variety's Brian Lowry avouched that "Days Gone Bye" was "surprisingly fresh", despite having initial thoughts of a stale premise. He wrote: "The Walking Dead draws the audience in almost instantly with its cinematic 90-minute pilot, then incorporates tasty soap-like elements meant to animate the ensuing episodes. Although we've seen no shortage of zombies and post-apocalyptic stories, producer-writer-director Frank Darabont has deftly tackled the seemingly perilous task of adapting a comic book about zombies into a viable episodic series."[64] In a three out of four star review, Linda Stasi of New York Post summarized, "The zombies are truly scary and disgusting. The survivors are terrific characters, and the gore is enough for any lunatic to love."[65]

text: Critics were polarized over Andrew Lincoln's performance. Despite citing that his accent was "dodgy", Pierce lauded Lincoln's acting. "his body language and expression here is totally different now than when we saw him before," he opined. "He's a fast learner."[57] Gilbert referred to his accent as "spotty",[48] while Goldman professed that Lincoln fit into character very well; "For much of the pilot, he's on his own and exudes a lot of believable, shocked emotion, as Rick tries to process what he is seeing.[61] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter felt that Lincoln's performance was one of the episode's drawbacks. He wrote: "One drawback in [The Walking Dead] is that Lincoln plays his emotion a little too close to his deputy's badge. We're told – by him – that all he wants to do is find his wife and kid. His belief that they still are alive is the emotional drive of the story, but there's not enough deep pain that seeps up to coat the dialogue Lincoln delivers."[66]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The episode received three Creative Arts Emmy Award nominations for the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards, for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series,[67] and won for Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Miniseries, Movie, or Special.[68]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2010
Directors Guild of America Award
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Series
Frank Darabont
Nominated

2011
Eddie Award
Best Edited One-Hour Series for Commercial Television
Hunter M. Via
Won

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing: Long Form Sound Effects and Foley in Television
Walter Newman, Kenneth Young, Jerry Edemann, David Lee Fein,
Hilda Hodges, Darleen R. Stoker, Peter Reynolds
Nominated

Best Sound Editing: Long Form Dialogue and ADR in Television
Walter Newman, Kenneth Young, Darleen R. Stoker,
Lou Thomas, Bruce Honda, Skip Schoolnik
Nominated

63rd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Greg Nicotero, Andy Schoneberg, Garrett Immel, Jake Garber,
Kevin Wasner, Howard Berger and Jaremy Aiello
Won

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series
Darleen Stoker, Walter Newman, Michael Baber, Jerry Edemann,
Kenneth Young, David Lee Fein, Hilda Hodges
Nominated

Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series
Jason Sperling, Kristin Johnson, Sam Nicholson, Kent Johnson, Michael Enriquez,
Christopher D. Martin, Anthony Ocampo, Michael Cook, Greg Nicotero
Nominated

tag: table

text: Legacy[edit]

text: For the show's 100th episode, "Mercy", which aired on October 22, 2017, executive producers Greg Nicotero and Scott M. Gimple wanted to create callbacks to this episode. Specifically, the episode included a near shot-for-shot remake of Rick searching for supplies among abandoned cars, though in this case, with Carl in his shoes. For this, they recast Addy Miller, now a teenager, as a walker that threatens Rick and Carl.[69] They also recast Joe Giles, who plays one of the walkers that followed Rick off the bus in Atlanta, as a walker in "Mercy". Additional scenes from "Mercy", apparently set in the future, were done to mirror the shots of Rick waking up from his coma in the hospital.[70]


document_title: A Knight's Tale

question_text: when does a knight's tale take place

question_tokens: when does a knight 's tale take place

text: A Knight's Tale

text: Plot[edit]

text: At a jousting tournament in 14th-century Europe, young squires William Thatcher, Roland, and Wat discover that their master, Sir Ector, has died. If he had completed one final pass he would have won the tournament. Destitute, William wears Ector's armour to impersonate him, winning the tournament and taking the prize.

text: Although only nobles are allowed in tournaments, William is now inspired to compete and win more prizes. Roland and Wat would rather take their winnings and leave, but William convinces them to stay and train him to joust. Along the way to his first tournament in Rouen, the trio encounters a young Geoffrey Chaucer, who is also destitute and agrees to forge the patent of nobility that will allow William to enter under the assumed name of "Sir Ulrich von Liechtenstein" from Gelderland. At the tournament, William is brought before Simon the Summoner and Peter the Pardoner: Chaucer has a gambling problem and is in their debt. William demands Chaucer be released and promises payment.

text: In the course of competition, William's armor is damaged. He goads Kate, a blacksmith, to repair it without payment and goes on to win the tournament's sword event. In the joust, he faces a Sir Thomas Colville, who withdraws from the tournament after being injured by William, though they exchange a ceremonial pass so that Colville can retain the honor of never having failed to complete a match. The proceedings are observed by Jocelyn, a noblewoman with whom William has become infatuated, and Count Adhemar, a rival both in the joust and for Jocelyn's heart. In the final joust, Adhemar defeats William.

text: Kate joins William's party and forges new lightweight armor. In the following tournament, Adhemar and William are both assigned to tilt against Sir Thomas Colville, but they learn that he is actually Edward, the Black Prince. While Adhemar does not dare to endanger the future King of England, William continues the match and then addresses Edward by name, further earning his respect.

text: Adhemar is called away to the Battle of Poitiers, and William achieves several victories in his absence. William proves his love for Jocelyn by complying when she first asks him to deliberately lose (in contrast to the countless knights who promise to win in her name), and then, just before he would be eliminated, to win the tournament in her name after all.

text: The group travels to London for the World Championship. William recalls leaving his father to squire for Sir Ector and learn to become a knight, hoping to "change his stars". Adhemar has also arrived in London and announces that he is in negotiations with Jocelyn's father for her hand in marriage. William dominates at the tournament, but when he returns to visit his father, now blind and living alone in Cheapside, Adhemar discovers his true identity and alerts the authorities.

text: William is placed in the pillory, but is defended from the hostile crowd by his friends. Just as the mob reaches its frenzy, Prince Edward emerges from the crowd. He acknowledges William's honor and an ability to inspire his friends' dedication that is in the best traditions of knighthood. Edward then announces that, William is in fact, "beyond contestation", descended from an ancient noble family, and knights him "Sir William".

text: William returns to the tournament to face Adhemar in the final match, but Adhemar cheats with an illegally sharpened lance, seriously injuring William. Entering the final pass, William is losing by two lances and must unhorse Adhemar to win. He demands to be stripped of his armor while Chaucer buys time by performing the introduction of William that he omitted earlier. William, unable to hold the lance due to his injuries, asks Wat to strap it to his arm. Finally he tilts against Adhemar, with his father and Jocelyn in attendance. Bellowing his true name as he charges, he knocks Adhemar to the ground with a crushing blow.

text: Over his defeat, Adhemar experiences a vision of William and his friends mocking him that he has been weighted, measured and found wanting (like Adhemar did to William before). In the ensuing celebration, as Jocelyn and William embrace, Chaucer remarks that he should write this whole story down.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Heath Ledger as William Thatcher
Leagh Conwell as young William Thatcher
Rufus Sewell as Count Adhemar
Shannyn Sossamon as Jocelyn
Mark Addy as Roland
Alan Tudyk as Wat
Paul Bettany  as Geoffrey Chaucer
Laura Fraser as Kate
Bérénice Bejo as Christiana
James Purefoy as Sir Thomas Colville / Edward the Black Prince
Christopher Cazenove as John Thatcher
Nick Brimble as Sir Ector
Roger Ashton-Griffiths as Old Bishop
Steven O'Donnell as Simon
Jonathan Slinger as Peter
Alice Connor as Lone Girl in Cheapeside
Berwick Kaler as Man in Stocks

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The entire film was shot at the Barrandov Studios in Prague, Czech Republic.[6]

text: The film includes a great deal of jousting footage. The initial scene of the two knights jousting is actually footage of Heath Ledger's stunt double in an accident. During filming of a later scene in the film, the lance of the stunt double's opponent moved off target and hit him in the head. The double fell to the ground unconscious. In another incident, Ledger knocked out one of director Helgeland's front teeth with a broomstick when the two were demonstrating a jousting move. It took several months for Helgeland's mouth to heal enough to repair the damage.

text: Plenty of effort was expended creating lances that would convincingly explode upon impact without injuring the stunt riders. The body of each lance was scored so it would break easily, and the tips were made of balsa wood. Each was also hollowed out, with the holes filled with balsa splinters and uncooked linguine.[7] Jousting armor was made by Rod Vass and his company Armordillo Ltd. using a unique sprayed polyurethane system that they invented for the film Gladiator. Onscreen, it is almost impossible to distinguish between the polyurethane stunt armor and steel armor, much of which was also made by Armordillo. Heath Ledger's armour was originally made in steel along with three polyurethane stunt replicas.

text: In the DVD commentary, director Helgeland, co-commentating with Bettany, states that the film was intended to have occurred sometime in the 1370s during a six-month period in which Chaucer had apparently gone missing and show what he might have done during this time, which Helgeland says later on in the commentary inspired Chaucer to write The Canterbury Tales. (The first Canterbury Tale is The Knight's Tale. There is some oversight in that a scene showing Count Adhemar in a war camp features a caption declaring it to be the Battle of Poitiers, which took place in 1356. Chaucer also threatens two men he meets in the film with undying humiliation through fiction; these characters seem to have inspired the vitriolic descriptions of the Tales' Pardoner and Summoner.)

text: The scene in which the lady Jocelyn asks William to lose a joust to prove his love and then reverses her proposal for him to suddenly win, is also a direct reference to the classic tale of Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, in which Queen Guinevere asks Lancelot to do the same during a tournament.

text: Epigrams[edit]

text: The script is notable for its use of epigrams.

text:
"Love should end with hope" (Kate)
"If he believes enough, a man can do anything!" (William's father)
"Your men love you. If I knew nothing else about you, that would be enough" (Prince Edward)
"Better a silly girl with a flower than a silly boy with a horse and a stick" (Jocelyn)
"I was naked for a day; you will be naked for eternity" (Chaucer)

text: Music[edit]

text: The film, which notionally took place during the Middle Ages, is notable for its deliberate use of classic rock songs in its soundtrack. The ten that were credited in the film are listed in order of appearance:[8]

text:
"We Will Rock You" – Queen
"Low Rider" – War
"Takin' Care of Business" – Bachman–Turner Overdrive
"Golden Years" – David Bowie
"Further on Up the Road" – Eric Clapton
"Get Ready" – Rare Earth
"I Want to Take You Higher" – Sly and the Family Stone
"The Boys Are Back in Town" – Thin Lizzy
"You Shook Me All Night Long" – AC/DC
"We Are the Champions" – Robbie Williams & Queen

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Critical reception was mixed, with complaints about the anachronisms (the classic rock in a film that takes place during the Middle Ages), the many jousting scenes, and the thin plot. Roger Ebert gave the film 3 stars out of 4 and argued that the anachronisms made little difference, writing that the director himself "pointed out that an orchestral score would be equally anachronistic, since orchestras hadn't been invented in the 1400s."[9][10]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 59% based on reviews from 147 critics. "Once you get past the anachronism," according to the site, "A Knight's Tale becomes a predictable, if spirited, Rocky on horseback."[11] On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 54 out of 100, sampled from 32 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[12]

text: Newsweek revealed in June 2001 that print ads contained glowing comments from a film reviewer who did not exist for at least four films released by Columbia Pictures, including A Knight's Tale and The Animal (2001).[13] The fake critic was named David Manning and was created by a Columbia employee who worked in the advertising department.[13] "Manning" was misrepresented as a reviewer for The Ridgefield Press, a small Connecticut weekly.[13]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Despite the mixed critical reception, the film won four cinematic awards:

text:
The 2002 Golden Trailer Best Action Award,
The 2002 London Critic Circle Film Awards British Supporting Actor of the Year (Paul Bettany),
The 2002 World Stunts Awards' Best Work with an Animal, and
The 2002 World Stunts Awards' Hardest Hit.[14]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film earned $56,569,702 at the North American domestic box office, and an additional $60,917,771 internationally for a worldwide total of $117,487,473.[5]


document_title: British Empire in World War II

question_text: the prime minister of great britain during world war 2 was

text: British Empire in World War II

text: Pre-war plans for defence[edit]

text: From 1923, defence of British colonies and protectorates in East Asia was centred on the "Singapore strategy". This made the assumption that Britain could send a fleet to its naval base in Singapore within two or three days of a Japanese attack, while relying on France to provide assistance in Asia via its colony in Indochina and, in the event of war with Italy, to help defend British territories in the Mediterranean.[6] Pre-war planners did not anticipate the fall of France: Nazi occupation, the loss of control over the Channel, and the employment of French Atlantic ports as forward bases for U-boats directly threatened Britain itself, forcing a significant reassessment of naval defence priorities.

text: During the 1930s, a triple threat emerged for the British Commonwealth in the form of right-wing, militaristic governments in Germany, Italy and Japan.[7] Germany threatened Britain itself, while Italy and Japan's imperial ambitions looked set to clash with the British imperial presence in the Mediterranean and East Asia respectively. However, there were differences of opinion within the UK and the Dominions as to which posed the most serious threat, and whether any attack would come from more than one power at the same time.

text: Declaration of war against Germany[edit]

text: On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later, on 3 September, after a British ultimatum to Germany to cease military operations was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Britain's declaration of war automatically committed India, the Crown colonies, and the protectorates, but the 1931 Statute of Westminster had granted autonomy to the Dominions so each decided their course separately.

text: Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies immediately joined the British declaration on 3 September, believing that it applied to all subjects of the Empire and Commonwealth. New Zealand's Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage followed suit within a few hours, also on 3 September, having consulted his Cabinet. South Africa took three days to make its decision (on 6 September), as the Prime Minister General J. B. M. Hertzog favoured neutrality but was defeated by the pro-war vote in the Union Parliament, led by General Jan Smuts, who then replaced Hertzog. Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King declared support for Britain on the day of the British declaration, but also stated that it was for Parliament to make the formal declaration, which it did so one week later on 10 September. The Irish Free State, which had been a dominion until 1937, remained neutral[8]

text: Empire and Commonwealth contribution[edit]

text: While the war was initially intended to be limited, resources were mobilized quickly, and the first shots were fired almost immediately. Just hours after the Australian declaration of war, a gun at Fort Queenscliff fired across the bows of a ship as it attempted to leave Melbourne without required clearances.[9] On 10 October 1939, an aircraft of No. 10 Squadron RAAF based in England became the first Commonwealth air force unit to go into action when it undertook a mission to Tunisia.[10] The first Canadian convoy of 15 ships bearing war goods departed Halifax just six days after the nation declared war, with two destroyers HMCS St. Laurent and HMCS Saguenay.[11] A further 26 convoys of 527 ships sailed from Canada in the first four months of the war,[12] and by 1 January 1940 Canada had landed an entire division in Britain.[13] On 13 June 1940 Canadian troops deployed to France in an attempt to secure the southern flank of the British Expeditionary Force in Belgium. As the fall of France grew imminent, Britain looked to Canada to rapidly provide additional troops to strategic locations in North America, the Atlantic and Caribbean. Following the Canadian destroyer already on station from 1939, Canada provided troops from May 1940 to assist in the defence of the British Caribbean colonies, with several companies serving throughout the war in Bermuda, Jamaica, the Bahamas and British Guiana. Canadian troops were also sent to the defence of the colony of Newfoundland, on Canada's east coast, the closest point in North America to Germany. Fearing the loss of a land link[clarification needed] to the British Isles, Canada was also requested to also occupy Iceland, which it did from June 1940 to the spring of 1941, following the initial British invasion.[14]

text: From mid-June 1940, following the rapid German invasions and occupations of Poland, Denmark, Norway, France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, the British Commonwealth was the main opponent of Germany and the Axis, until the entry into the war of the Soviet Union in June 1941. During this period Australia, India, New Zealand and South Africa provided dozens of ships and several divisions for the defence of the Mediterranean, Greece, Crete, Lebanon and Egypt, where British troops were outnumbered four to one by the Italian armies in Libya and Ethiopia.[15][16] Canada delivered a further 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, pilots for two air squadrons, and several warships to Britain to face a possible invasion from the continent.

text: In December 1941, Japan launched, in quick succession, attacks on British Malaya, the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong.

text: Substantial financial support was provided by Canada to the UK and Commonwealth dominions, in the form of over $4 billion in aid through the "Billion Dollar Gift" and the War Appropriation Act. Over the course of the war over 1.6 million Canadians served in uniform (out of a prewar population of 11 million), in almost every theatre of the war, and by war's end the country had the third-largest navy and fourth-largest air force in the world. By the end of the war, almost a million Australians had served in the armed forces (out of a population of under 7 million), whose military units fought primarily in Europe, North Africa, and the South West Pacific.

text: The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (also known as the "Empire Air Training Scheme") was established by the governments of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK resulting in:

text:
joint training at flight schools in Canada, Southern Rhodesia, Australia and New Zealand;[17]
formation of new squadrons of the Dominion air forces, known as "Article XV squadrons" for service as part of Royal Air Force operational commands, and;
in practice, the pooling of RAF and Dominion air force personnel, for posting to both RAF and Article XV squadrons.

text: Finances[edit]

text: Britain borrowed everywhere it could and made heavy purchases of munitions and supplies in India and Canada during the war, as well as other parts of the Empire and neutral countries. Canada also made gifts. Britain's sterling balances around the world amounted to ₤3.4 billion in 1945 or the equivalent of about $US 200 billion in 2016 dollars.[18] However, Britain treated this as a long-term loan with no interest and no specified repayment date. Just when the money would be made available by London was an issue, for the British treasury was nearly empty by 1945. [19]

text: Crisis in the Mediterranean[edit]

text: In June 1940, France surrendered to invading German forces, and Italy joined the war on the Axis side, causing a reversal of the Singapore strategy. Winston Churchill, who had replaced Neville Chamberlain as British Prime Minister the previous month, ordered that the Middle East and the Mediterranean were of a higher priority than the Far East to defend.[20] Australia and New Zealand were told by telegram that they should turn to the United States for help in defending their homeland should Japan attack:[21]

text: Without the assistance of France we should not have sufficient forces to meet the combined German and Italian navies in European waters and the Japanese fleet in the Far East. In the circumstances envisaged, it is most improbable that we could send adequate reinforcements to the Far East. We should therefore have to rely on the United States of America to safeguard our interests there.[22]

text: Commonwealth forces played a major role in North and East Africa following Italy's entry to the war, participating in the invasion of Italian Libya and Somaliland, but were forced to retreat after Churchill diverted resources to Greece and Crete.[23]

text: Fall of Singapore[edit]

text: The Battle of Singapore was fought in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II when the Empire of Japan invaded the Allied stronghold of Singapore. Singapore was the major British military base in South East Asia and nicknamed the "Gibraltar of the East". The fighting in Singapore lasted from 31 January 1942 to 15 February 1942.

text: It resulted in the fall of Singapore to the Japanese, and the largest surrender of British-led military personnel in history.[24] About 80,000 British, Australian and Indian troops became prisoners of war, joining 50,000 taken by the Japanese in the Malayan campaign. Britain's Prime Minister Winston Churchill called the ignominious fall of Singapore to the Japanese the "worst disaster" and "largest capitulation" in British history.[25]

text: Victory[edit]

text: On 8 May 1945, the World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich. The formal surrender of the occupying German forces in the Channel Islands was not until 9 May 1945. On 30 April Hitler committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin, and so the surrender of Germany was authorized by his replacement, President of Germany Karl Dönitz. The act of military surrender was signed on 7 May in Reims, France, and ratified on 8 May in Berlin, Germany.

text: In the afternoon of 15 August 1945, the Surrender of Japan occurred, effectively ending World War II. On this day the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made in Japan, and because of time zone differences it was announced in the United States, Western Europe, the Americas, the Pacific Islands, and Australia/New Zealand on 14 August 1945. The signing of the surrender document occurred on 2 September 1945.

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: By the end of the war in August 1945, British Commonwealth forces were responsible for the civil and/or military administration of a number of non-Commonwealth territories, occupied during the war, including Eritrea, Libya, Madagascar, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Italian Somaliland, Syria, Thailand and portions of Germany, Austria and Japan. Most of these military administrations were handed over to old European colonial authorities or to new local authorities soon after the end of the hostilities. Commonwealth forces administered occupation zones in Japan, Germany and Austria until 1955. World War II confirmed that Britain was no longer the great power it had once been, and that it had been surpassed by the United States on the world stage. Canada, Australia and New Zealand moved within the orbit of the United States. The image of imperial strength in Asia had been shattered by the Japanese attacks, and British prestige there was irreversibly damaged.[26] The price for India's entry to the war had been effectively a guarantee for independence, which came within two years of the end of the war, relieving Britain of its most populous and valuable colony. The deployment of 150,000 Africans overseas from British colonies, and the stationing of white troops in Africa itself led to revised perceptions of the Empire in Africa.[27]

text: Military histories of the British Empire, Colonies and Dominions[edit]

text: The contributions from individual colonies, protectorates and dominions to the war effort were extensive and global. Further information about their involvement can be found in the military histories of the individual colonies and dominions listed below.

text:
United Kingdom
 Aden
 Ascension
 Australia
 Barbados
 Basutoland
 Bechuanaland
 Bermuda
 British Guiana
 British Honduras
 British Leeward Islands
 British Malaya
 British Mauritius
 British Solomon Islands
 British Somaliland
 British Windward Islands
 Protectorate of Brunei
 Burma
 Canada
 Cayman Islands
 Ceylon
 Cyprus
 Dominica
 Egypt
 Falkland Islands
 Fiji
 Gambia
 Gibraltar
 Gilbert and Ellice Islands
 Gold Coast
 Grenada
 Guernsey
 Hong Kong
 India
 Jamaica
 Jersey
 Kenya
 Malta
 Mandatory Palestine
 Mauritius
 Nauru
 Newfoundland
 New Guinea
 New Hebrides
 New Zealand
 Nigeria
 Norfolk Island
 North Borneo
 Northern Rhodesia
 Nyasaland
 Papua
 St Helena
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent
 Sarawak
 Seychelles
 Sierra Leone
 Singapore
 South Africa
 South-West Africa
 Southern Rhodesia
 Straits Settlements
 Sudan
 Tanganyika
 Tonga Protectorate
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Turks and Caicos
 Uganda Protectorate
 Western Samoa
 Zanzibar
 Nepal
British Military Administration (Borneo)
British Military Administration (Eritrea)
British Military Administration of Italian Somaliland
British Military Administration (Libya)
British Military Administration (Malaya)
British Military Administration (Somalia)


document_title: Formal balance

question_text: formal balance is another word for which type of balance

text: Formal balance

text: Formal balance, also called symmetrical balance, is a concept of aesthetic composition involving equal weight and importance on both sides of a composition.[1][2][3][4]


document_title: Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country

question_text: how many nuclear weapons did the soviet union have in 1945

text: This article shows various estimates of the nuclear weapons stockpiles of various countries at various points in time. This article also shows the number of nuclear weapons tests conducted by each country at various points in time.

text: Nuclear weapons stockpiles[edit]

text:
Global Nuclear Weapons Stockpiles (1945-2025)[3]

Country
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2014
Projections[4]

 United States
2
299
2,422
18,638
31,139
26,008
27,519
23,368
21,392
10,904
10,577
8,360
7,700
7,260
3,620 (for 2022)[5]

 Russia/ Soviet Union
0
5
200
1,605
6,129
11,643
19,055
30,062
39,197
37,000
27,000
21,500
17,000
7,500
3,350 (for 2022)[4]

 United Kingdom
0
0
14
42
436
394
492
492
422
422
422
281
281
215
180 (for around 2025)[6]

 France
0
0
0
0
32
36
188
250
360
505
500
470
350
300

 China
0
0
0
0
5
75
180
205
243
232
234
232
235
260
150-220 (for 2020)[7]

 Israel
0
0
0
0
0
8
20
31
42
53
63
72
80
80
65-85 (for 2020)[7]

 India
0
0
0
0
0
0
0[8]
1[8]
3[8]
7[8]
14[8]
28[8]
44
90-110
50-70 (for 2020)[7]

 South Africa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0[8]
3[8]
6[8]
0[8]
0
0
0
0[7]

 Pakistan
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0[8]
4[8]
13[8]
28[8]
38
100-120
150-200 (for 2021)[9]

 North Korea
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0[8]
0[10]-1[8]
0[10]-2[8]
0[10]-2[8]
8[8]
6-8

 Kazakhstan
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,410 (1991)[11]
0
0
0
0
0

 Ukraine
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,240 (1991)[12]
0
0
0
0
0

 Belarus
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
At least 81 (1991)[13]
0
0
0
0
0

Worldwide Total
2
304
2,636
20,285
37,741
38,164
47,454
54,409
61,662
~51,864
38,823 - 38,825
30,971 - 30,973
25,736
15,811 - 15,853

text: The United States nuclear stockpile increased rapidly from 1945, peaked in 1966, and declined after that.[3] By 2012, the United States had several times fewer nuclear weapons than it had in 1966.[14]

text: The Soviet Union developed its first nuclear weapon in 1949 and increased its nuclear stockpile rapidly until it peaked in 1986 under Mikhail Gorbachev.[3] As Cold War tensions decreased, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Soviet and Russian nuclear stockpile decreased by over 80% between 1986 and 2012.[14]

text: The U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles are projected to continue decreasing over the next decade.[5]

text: The United Kingdom became a nuclear power in 1952, and their nuclear arsenal peaked at just under 500 nuclear weapons in 1981. France became a nuclear power in 1960, and French nuclear stockpiles peaked at just over 500 nuclear weapons in 1992. [3] China developed its first nuclear weapon in 1964; its nuclear stockpile increased until the early 1980s, when it stabilized at between 200 and 260.[3] India became a nuclear power in 1974, while Pakistan developed its first nuclear weapon in the 1980s.[3][15] India and Pakistan currently have around one hundred nuclear weapons each.[14] Pakistan's nuclear stockpile has increased rapidly, and it is speculated that Pakistan might have more nuclear weapons than the United Kingdom within a decade.[16]

text: South Africa successfully built six nuclear weapons in the 1980s, but dismantled all of them in the early 1990s, shortly before the fall of the apartheid system.[17] So far it is the only nuclear-capable country to give up nuclear weapons, although several members of the U.S.S.R. did so during the collapse of the Soviet Union.

text: North Korea joined the nuclear club in 2006 or before.[3][8] A United States Defense Intelligence Agency report from 1999 projected that both Iran and Iraq would join the nuclear club and have 10-20 nuclear weapons in 2020.[7] However, it is worth pointing out that this report was written before the overthrow of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein and before information was released indicating that Iraq had already given up its nuclear weapons program.[7] Even before the United States of America started the nuclear club in 1945, some countries (most notably Nazi Germany) unsuccessfully attempted to build nuclear weapons.[18]

text: Nuclear weapon tests[edit]

text:
Number of Nuclear Weapons Tests by Country (1945-2017)[19]

Country
1945-49
1950-54
1955-59
1960-64
1965-69
1970-74
1975-79
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99
2000-04
2005-09
2010-14
2015-17
Cumulative total

All countries
9
63
228
362
344
277
273
265
174
43
21
0
2
1
3
2,065

 United States of America
8
43
145
198
230
136
96
84
71
21
0
0
0
0
0
1,032

 Russia/The Soviet Union
1
17
65
147
85
101
126
116
56
1
0
0
0
0
0
715

 United Kingdom
0
3
18
4
1
1
4
8
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
45

 France
0
0
0
12
19
32
37
51
41
12
6
0
0
0
0
210

 China
0
0
0
1
9
6
10
6
2
7
4
0
0
0
0
45

 Israel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

 India
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
6

 South Africa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

 Pakistan
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
6

 North Korea
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
3
6

text: From the first nuclear test in 1945, worldwide nuclear testing increased rapidly until the 1970s, when it peaked.[19] However, there was still a large amount of worldwide nuclear testing until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s.[19] Afterwards, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty was signed and ratified by the major nuclear weapons powers, and the number of worldwide nuclear tests decreased rapidly.[19] India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in 1998, but afterwards only North Korea conducted nuclear tests--in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016, and in 2017.[19][20]


document_title: Love Island (series 1)

question_text: when does cally jane come into love island

text: Love Island (series 1)

text: Production[edit]

text: The first one-minute trailer for the series aired on 12 May 2015, confirming that the series would begin in June.[8] Pictures of the villa were unveiled on 5 June 2015.[9] The villa is located in Mallorca with 69 cameras watching the Islander's every move. It only includes double beds forcing them to share with each other, but has a special Hideaway bedroom for couples to spend the night away from the others.[10]

text: Islanders[edit]

text: The Islanders for the first series were revealed on 2 June 2015, just days before the launch.[11] However, throughout the series, more Islanders entered the villa to find love. Some Islanders were dumped from the island for either failing to couple up, some were voted off by their fellow Islanders, and others for receiving the least votes in public eliminations. The series was won by Jess and Max on 15 July 2015 after receiving 42% of the final vote, beating Hannah and Jon who received 36%, Lauren and Josh with 12%, and finally Cally and Luis who just received 10%.[12]

text:
Islander

Age

Hometown

Entered

Status

Ref

Jess Hayes

22

Oxford

Day 1

Winner (Day 41)

[13]

Max Morley

22

Huddersfield

Day 14

Winner (Day 41)

[14]

Hannah Elizabeth

25

Liverpool

Day 1

Runner-up (Day 41)

[15]

Jon Clark

25

Essex

Day 1

Runner-up (Day 41)

[16]

Josh Ritchie

20

Bolton

Day 1

Third place (Day 41)

[17]

Lauren Richardson

26

East London

Day 1

Third place (Day 41)

[18]

Cally Jane Beech

23

Hull

Day 21

Fourth place (Day 41)

[19]

Luis Morrison

20

London

Day 1

Fourth place (Day 41)

[20]

Jordan Ring

31

Gloucester

Day 1

Dumped (Day 35)

[21]

Zoe Basia Brown

24

South London

Day 1

Dumped (Day 35)

[22]

Ben Porter

24

Wakefield

Day 32

Dumped (Day 33)

[23]

Poppy Farnan

22

Cheshire

Day 32

Dumped (Day 33)

[24]

Naomi Ball

23

East London

Day 7

Dumped (Day 28)

[25]

Travis Almond

22

Essex

Day 21

Dumped (Day 28)

[19]

Omar Sultani

22

Warwickshire

Day 1

Dumped (Day 21)

[26]

Bethany Rogers

19

Leeds

Day 14

Dumped (Day 21)

[27]

Daisy Muller

24

Birmingham

Day 7

Dumped (Day 19)

[28]

Chris Williamson

27

Newcastle

Day 1

Dumped (Day 19)

[29]

Chris Baxter

20

London

Day 11

Dumped (Day 14)

[30]

Danielle Pyne

23

London

Day 1

Dumped (Day 14)

[31]

Rachel Christie

26

London

Day 1

Dumped (Day 11)

[32]

John Alberti

29

Manchester

Day 3

Dumped (Day 6)

[33]

Tony Alberti

29

Manchester

Day 3

Dumped (Day 6)

[33]

text: Coupling[edit]

text: The couples were chosen shortly after the Islanders entered the villa. After all of the boys entered, the girls were asked to choose a boy to pair up with. Jon was paired with Hannah, Chris was paired with Danielle, Omar and Rachel paired up, Josh and Lauren coupled up, whilst Jess paired herself with Jordan and Luis got with Zoe. They were competing in their pairs for £50,000.[34] However, throughout the series the couples swapped and changed as the islanders re-coupled.

text:
Day 1

Day 6

Day 11

Day 33

Final

Jess

Jordan

Josh

Omar

Max

Winner (Day 41)

Max

Not in Villa

Jess

Winner (Day 41)

Hannah

Jon

Jon

Jon

Jon

Runner-up (Day 41)

Jon

Hannah

Hannah

Hannah

Hannah

Runner-up (Day 41)

Josh

Lauren

Jess

Naomi

Lauren

Third place (Day 41)

Lauren

Josh

Chris W

Luis

Josh

Third place  (Day 41)

Cally

Not in Villa

Luis

Fourth place (Day 41)

Luis

Zoe

Danielle

Lauren

Cally

Fourth place (Day 41)

Jordan

Jess

Zoe

Daisy

Zoe

Dumped (Day 35)

Zoe

Luis

Jordan

Chris W

Jordan

Dumped (Day 35)

Ben

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 33)

Poppy

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 33)

Naomi

Not in Villa

Josh

Dumped (Day 28)

Travis

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 28)

Omar

Rachel

Rachel

Jess

Dumped (Day 21)

Bethany

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 21)

Daisy

Not in Villa

Jordan

Dumped (Day 19)

Chris W

Danielle

Lauren

Zoe

Dumped (Day 19)

Chris B

Not in Villa

Danielle

Dumped (Day 14)

Danielle

Chris W

Luis

Chris B

Dumped (Day 14)

Rachel

Omar

Omar

Dumped (Day 11)

John

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 6)

Tony

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 6)

Notes

1

2

3

none

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^Note 1 : On Day 2, after Jess and Jordan won a challenge they were given the opportunity to swap two couples. Jess decided to couple up with Josh, leaving Jordan in a new couple with Lauren.
^Note 2 : On Day 8, the Islanders were told that they were all single, but new girls Daisy and Naomi would get the chance to couple up with a boy of their choice after going on three dates. Daisy chose Jordan, and Naomi chose Josh respectively.
^Note 3 : On Day 15, the Islanders were told that once again they were all single, unless they wanted to announce that they are officially boyfriend and girlfriend. The only couples to do this were Hannah and Jon, and Naomi and Josh.

text: Guests[edit]

text: During the series a number of guests entered the villa.

text:
On 25 June 2015 it was announced that Calum Best would be returning to the series.[35] On Day 24, he briefly entered to take the boys on a night out in Magaluf.[36] This was Calum's third appearance on the show having previously appeared on the original series in 2005 where he finished in third place. He later returned for 2006 series where he was voted the winner alongside Bianca Gascoigne.
On 12 July 2015, it was announced that Mark Wright would be briefly entering the villa.[37] He entered on Day 38 to become the DJ for Lauren's birthday party, he departed shortly after the party.[38]

text: Weekly summary[edit]

text: The main events in the Love Island villa are summarised in the table below.

text:
Week 1

Entrances

On Day 1, Chris W, Danielle, Hannah, Jess, Jon, Jordan, Josh, Lauren, Luis, Omar, Rachel and Zoe entered the villa.
On Day 3, John and Tony entered the villa.[39]
On Day 7, Daisy and Naomi entered the villa.[40]

Coupling

On Day 1, the Islanders coupled up for the first time. After all of the boys entered, the girls were asked to choose a boy to pair up with. Jon was paired with Hannah, Chris was paired with Danielle, Omar and Rachel paired up, Josh and Lauren coupled up, whilst Jess paired herself with Jordan and Luis got with Zoe.[41]
On Day 2, after Jess and Jordan won a challenge they were given the opportunity to swap two couples. Jess decided to couple up with Josh, leaving Jordan in a new couple with Lauren.
On Day 6, the Islanders were told that they had to re-couple. Hannah and Jon, Omar and Rachel, and Jess and Josh remained with each other, whilst Jordan coupled with Zoe, Luis paired with Danielle, and Chris W chose Lauren. As John and Tony remained single, they were dumped from the island.

Challenges

On Day 2, Rachel and Omar hosted "Getting Intimate", where members of each couple stood at opposite ends of the pool and were asked questions about their partner. Every correct answer moved them a step towards their partner. The winning couple was the pair that met in the middle first. This was Jordan and Jess.
On Day 3, the girls took part in "The Perfect Man" where they had to choose the best abs, guns, legs, face and heart from cutouts of the boys.
On Day 5, the boys competed in the "Mega LADS Championship" where they took part in a number of LAD related tasks. The girls then decided that Luis was the overall winner.

Dates

On Day 3, Hannah and Jon left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 3, shortly after entering, John and Tony each chose a girl they'd like to date in the Hideaway. John chose Jess, and Tony chose Danielle. At the end of the date, each girl was given the option to stay the night. They both declined and returned to the villa.
On Day 4, Zoe and Rachel both dated their partners; Luis and Omar, and then dated John and Tony. After the dates the girls were given the option of who the spend the night with. They chose John and Tony respectively.[42]

Exits

On Day 6, John and Tony were eliminated after failing to couple up.

Week 2

Entrances

On Day 11, Chris B entered the villa.[43]
On Day 14, Bethany and Max entered the villa.[44]

Coupling

On Day 8, the Islanders were told that they were all single, but new girls Daisy and Naomi would get the chance to couple up with a boy of their choice after going on three dates. Daisy chose Jordan, and Naomi chose Josh respectively.[45]
On Day 11, the Islanders were asked to couple up again, apart from Naomi and Josh, and Daisy and Jordan who were already coupled up. Newest Islander Chris B got first pick and chose Danielle, whilst Omar chose Jess, Luis paired with Lauren, and Chris W coupled with Zoe. Hannah and Jon also remained a couple. After failing to couple up with anybody, Rachel was dumped from the island.[46]

Challenges

On Day 11, to decide the re-coupling order, the boys took part in "Heart Makers" where they had to solve an equation to unlock a chest, then complete a puzzle that was inside.
On Day 13, the couples had to transfer cocktails from one large fishbowl to another small fishbowl using only their mouths. Jon and Hannah won the challenge and were rewarded with messaged from home.

Dates

On Day 8, as the new girls, Daisy and Naomi dated three boys each before being asked to couple with one of them. Daisy dated Chris W, Jordan and Omar before coupling with Jordan, whilst Naomi dated Chris W, Josh and Luis before coupling with Josh.
On Day 11, Jon and Hannah spent the night in the Hideaway.
On Day 12, Chris W and Zoe left the villa to go on a date.

Exits

On Day 11, Rachel was eliminated after failing to couple up.
On Day 14, Chris B and Danielle were eliminated after being chosen by Power Couple Hannah and Jon.[47]

Week 3

Entrances

On Day 21, Cally and Travis entered the villa, as chosen by the Islanders on Day 20.[48]

Coupling

On Day 15, the Islanders were told that once again they were all single, unless they wanted to announce that they are officially boyfriend and girlfriend. The only couples to do this were Hannah and Jon, and Naomi and Josh.

Challenges

On Day 15, the Islanders took part in a game of "Truth or Dare".
On Day 16, the Islanders took part in "Kissing Contest" where the girls had to individually kiss each of the boys and then rate them. Jordan won the contest.
On Day 17, Jon and Hannah competed against Naomi and Josh in the "Compatibility Test".
On Day 19, the Islanders took part in "Love is Blind" where the boys had to instruct the girls round an obstacle course whilst they were blindfolded. Luis and Lauren won this challenge and were rewarded with a phone call from home.
On Day 20, the girls took part in a video call with three potential new boys and had to choose one of them to become and new Islander. They chose Travis. Following this, the boys took part in a video call with another three potential new girls, then chose Cally to enter the villa. These then entered on Day 21.

Dates

On Day 16, after winning the kissing challenge, Jordan was rewarded with a date with the girl of his choice. He chose with Zoe.
On Day 16, as new Islanders, Bethany and Max were given the opportunity to go on a date with a fellow Islander. Bethany chose to date Luis, whilst Max chose Zoe.
On Day 18, Hannah and Jon left the villa to go on a shopping date.

Exits

On Day 19, the girls were asked to vote for the male Islander they wanted to eliminate, and the boys were asked to vote for the female Islander they wanted to dump. They chose Chris W and Daisy.[49]
On Day 21, Bethany and Omar were dumped from the island after receiving the least amount of votes to stay in the villa from the public.[50]

Week 4

Challenges

On Day 24, Lauren hosted "In Hot Water" as the Islanders had to work out who said what about each other.
On Day 24, Calum Best entered the villa to take the boys on a night out in Magaluf whilst the girls had strippers to entertain them back at the villa.[36]
On Day 25, the girls were shown footage from the boys night out in Magaluf and had to guess what happened next, whilst the boys had to do the same with videos from the girl's night in with the strippers.[51]
On Day 26, the Islanders took part in "Take a Selfie" where they had to guess what the public thought of them by working out who is the most and least from each category. To lock in their answer they had to take a selfie with that chosen filter.
On Day 27, the couples took part in a general knowledge quiz called "Pied Off" where each incorrect answer meant a pie to the face.

Dates

On Day 22, as new Islanders, Cally and Travis were given the opportunity to go on a date with a fellow Islander. Cally chose to date Luis, whilst Travis chose Lauren.
On Day 26, Lauren and Josh, and Jess and Travis left the villa to go on a double date.

Exits

On Day 28, Naomi and Travis were eliminated after receiving the least public votes.

Week 5

Entrances

On Day 32, Ben and Poppy entered the villa after being chosen by the Islanders. They were instantly given a secret mission to couple up with somebody at the next re-coupling or they would be eliminated.[52]

Coupling

On Day 33, the Islanders coupled up for the final time. Hannah and Jon remained together, whilst Jordan coupled up with Zoe for the second time. Max paired with Jess, Luis went with Cally and Josh with Lauren. After failing to couple up, Ben and Poppy failed their secret mission and were dumped from the island.

Challenges

On Day 29, Cally and Luis hosted a White Party in the villa.
On Day 30, Max and Josh cooked dinner for five potential new Islanders, including Jordan's ex-girlfriend.[53]
On Day 32, the Islanders were asked to collect a number of items to build a "relation ship". The winners were the couple who made their boat float.[54]
On Day 33, the couples took part in "Bucking Hell" and had to compete to stay on a Mechanical bull whilst hitting a number of targets.[55]
On Day 34, the boys got a lie detector test with the girls asking the questions.[56]

Dates

On Day 31, Lauren and Jess speed dated five potential new Islanders, including John and Tony who returned hoping for another chance. Omar also returned to be the waiter for the dates.[57]
On Day 32, as new Islanders, Ben and Poppy were given the opportunity to go on a date with a fellow Islander. Ben chose to date Lauren, whilst Poppy chose Josh.[58]
On Day 33, Jess and Max left the villa to go on a horse riding date.

Punishments

On Day 35, Jon was given a warning for pulling the sheets off Luis and Cally's bed exposing them.

Exits

On Day 33, Ben and Poppy were eliminated after failing their secret mission.
On Day 35, Jordan and Zoe were eliminated after receiving the most public votes to dump.[59]

Week 6

Entrances

On Day 37, the Islander's friends and family briefly entered the villa.[60]

Challenges

On Day 36, the remaining couples were told they'd go head-to-head against each other in a number of challenges to win a special prize.[61]
On Day 37, the Islanders were told there are 4 keys and 4 hearts hidden in the villa for them to find. The girl's heart must match the boy's lock, and it would then decide the teams for the next challenge where they had to mark body parts with paint based on the Latin word for them.
On Day 38, the couples had their parenting skills tested by looking after dolls.[62] Any couple who failed the challenge would not be invited to Lauren's birthday party. Mark Wright entered the host the party.[38]
On Day 40, the girls left the villa to go wedding dress shopping, whilst the boys stayed in to write vows. The couples then hosted their own ceremony.
On Day 41, winners Max and Jess were asked if they were in their couple for "Love" or "Money". If both chose Love they would share the £50,000 prize, however if both chose Money they would receive nothing. If one chose Love and the other chose Money then Love would receive nothing but Money would receive the whole £50,000. The pair both chose Love and ultimately earned £25,000 each.

Exits

On Day 41, Luis and Cally left the villa in fourth place, whilst Lauren and Josh finished third. Max and Jess were then voted the winners, leaving Hannah and Jon as runners-up.[63]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Official ratings are taken from BARB but do not include +1.[64] Because the Saturday episodes are weekly catch-up episodes rather than nightly highlights, these are not included in the overall averages.

text:
Viewers (millions)

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Sunday

0.64
0.43
0.54
0.55
0.60
0.67

Monday

0.49
0.46
0.55
0.62
0.75
0.61

Tuesday

0.38
0.47
0.56
0.70
0.59
0.60

Wednesday

0.39
0.49
0.54
0.62
0.61
0.91

Thursday

0.41
0.40
0.56
0.56
0.74

Weekly average

0.46

0.45

0.55

0.61

0.66

0.70

Running average

0.46

0.46

0.49

0.52

0.55

0.57

Series average

0.57