document_title: Crossed fingers

question_text: where did the superstition of crossing your fingers come from

text: Crossed fingers

text: Origin[edit]

text: The origin of the gesture traces back to the biblical Kingdom of Israel. Courts of Mosaic law would often render verdicts with the phrase "May God have mercy upon your soul" in order to reaffirm God's supreme authority over the law. Most judges felt that while they could pass a sentence of death upon a person, they personally did not have the authority to destroy souls and that only God had the authority to do that.[4][5][6][7][8] As a result, some judges would cross their fingers whenever they said the phrase as a result of concern for the criminal's soul as they said it as a prayer.[9][10][4][5]

text: Common usage of the gesture traces back to the early centuries of the Catholic Church. Common use of crossed fingers is found in the Christians who would cross their fingers in order to invoke the power associated with Christ's cross for protection, when faced with evil.[1] Moreover, Christians, when persecuted by the Romans, used the symbol of crossed fingers in order to recognize one another and assemble for Holy Mass. "When they were persecuted in Rome, Christians would secretly come together with the sign of the fish, and they would hold up their crossed fingers, as a Sign of the crossed emblem that had once been on the vestments of the army of Barabbas. It became a custom everywhere, for Christians when meeting, to make the sign of a cross by crossing their fingers." In 16th century England, people continued to cross fingers or make the sign of the cross in order to ward off evil, as well as when people coughed or sneezed.[11][12]

text: This superstition thus became popular among many early European Christian cultures. In some places, a comrade or well-wisher placed his index finger over the index finger of the person making the wish, the two fingers forming a cross. The one person makes the wish, the other empathizes and supports. Over centuries, the custom was simplified, so that a person could wish on his own, by crossing his index and middle fingers to form an X. But traces remain—two people hooking index fingers as a sign of greeting or agreement is still common in some circles today.

text: Charles Panati believes that the act of crossing one's fingers as a sign of luck or making a wish traces back to pre-Christian times, speculating that the cross was a symbol of unity and benign spirits dwelt at the intersection point.[13] A wish made on a cross was a way of "anchoring" the wish at the intersection of the cross until the wish was fulfilled.

text: Anecdotal use[edit]

text: The 1787 A Provincial Glossary, with a Collection of Local Proverbs, and Popular Superstitions by Francis Grose records the recommendation to keep one's fingers crossed until one sees a dog to avert the bad luck attracted by walking under a ladder.

text: Exception[edit]

text: In Vietnam the gesture is considered rude,[14][15] especially to another person. Referring to female genitals, it is comparable to the finger in western culture.

text: In German-speaking countries and also Sweden the gesture is only known for vitiating oaths. Wishing for luck is gestured by pressing thumbs. The same gesture is used in many Slavic countries such as Poland,[16] the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria and ex-Yugoslav[17] republics.


document_title: Ex on the Beach (U.S. TV series)

question_text: when does ex on the beach come on us

question_tokens: when does ex on the beach come on us

root

text: Ex on the Beach (U.S. TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
The Singles
Age
Original Show
Exes

Alicia Wright
24
Are You the One?
Derrick Henry, Cory Wharton

Angela Babicz
27
Bad Girls Club
Derrick Henry

Chase McNary
28
The Bachelorette
Skyler Mikkelson

Chris Pearson
21
N/A
Chelsko Thompson, Haley Read

Cory Wharton
26
Real World
Alicia Wright

Faith Stowers
27
Vanderpump Rules
Marcus Rosenzweig, June Robinson

Jasmine Goode
29
The Bachelor
Marco Delvecchio

Paulie Calafiore
29
Big Brother
Lexi Marsella

Taylor Selfridge
23
Are You the One?
Andre Siemers, Joe Torgerson, Cameron Kolbo

Tor’i Brooks
25
N/A

Victoria Alario
22
N/A
Luis Rivera

The Exes
Original Show
Exes

Andre Siemers
Are You the One?
Taylor Selfridge

Cameron Kolbo
Are You the One?
Taylor Selfridge, Shanley McIntee

Chelsko Thompson
N/A
Chris Pearson

Derrick Henry
Are You the One?
Angela Babicz, Alicia Wright

Haley Read
N/A
Chris Pearson

Joe Torgerson
Are You the One?
Taylor Selfridge

June Robinson
N/A
Faith Stowers

Lexi Marsella
N/A
Paulie Calafiore

Marco Delvecchio
N/A
Jasmine Goode

Marcus Rosenzweig
N/A
Faith Stowers

Luis Rivera
N/A
Victoria Alario

Shanley McIntee
Are You the One?
Cameron Kolbo

Skyler Mikkelson
N/A
Chase McNary

tag: table

text: Duration of cast[edit]

text:
Cast members
Episodes

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Alicia

Angela

Chase

Chris

Cory

Faith

Jasmine

Paulie

Taylor

Tor’i

Victoria

Derrick

Lexi

Skyler

Chelsko

Andre

Haley

Cameron

June

Luis

Shanley

Marcus

Joe

Marco

text: Notes[edit]

text: The Challenge[edit]

text:
Cast Member
The Challenges
Challenge Spin-offs
Challenges Won
Total Money Earned

Angela Babicz
Final Reckoning
-
None
$0

Faith Stowers
Final Reckoning
-
None
$0

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)

1
"Welcome to Ex on the Beach"
April 19, 2018
0.5
0.935[2]

2
"Exed Out"
April 26, 2018
0.4
0.725[3]

3
"Two Exes Don't Make a Right"
May 3, 2018
0.4
0.727[4]

4
"I Wanna Call You Babe"
May 10, 2018
0.5
0.881[5]

5
"Who's Exed Next?"
May 17, 2018
0.5
0.845[6]

6
"Bye Alicia Hi Alicia"
May 24, 2018
0.4
0.686[7]

7
"Party Foul"
May 31, 2018
TBD
TBD

8
"Monster Mode"
June 7, 2018
TBD
TBD


document_title: Scooby-Doo (film)

question_text: who does scooby doo's voice in the movie

question_tokens: who does scooby doo 's voice in the movie

text: Scooby-Doo (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The members of Mystery, Inc. solve the case of the Luna Ghost at the Wow-O-Toy Factory. However, long-time friction between Fred Jones, a glory hog, Daphne Blake, who is fed up with getting captured at every mystery, and Velma Dinkley, who is never credited for her ideas, finally boils over and the gang breaks up, leaving Shaggy Rogers and his dog Scooby-Doo heartbroken.

tag: p

text: Two years later, Shaggy and Scooby are invited to solve a mystery on the popular resort Spooky Island, owned by Emile Mondavarious. At the airport, the pair are unexpectedly reunited with the rest of Mystery, Inc. — Fred has become a popular celebrity, Velma works for NASA, and Daphne has undertaken martial arts to avoid being kidnapped again. However, while Shaggy and Scooby are thrilled with the reunion, the other three refuse to work with each other, still angry about their fight that split them up.

text: On the flight over, Shaggy falls in love with a girl named Mary Jane, who loves Scooby Snacks like him, but is allergic to dogs. Upon arriving at the island, the gang meet Mondavarious, who claims the visiting tourists have been cursed into a brainwashed state. Velma attends a ritualistic performance hosted by N'Goo Tuana and his henchman, Zarkos, a famous luchador. N'Goo claims the island was once ruled by ancient demons till Mondavarious built the resort, and they plot their revenge.

text: Because of a misunderstanding when talking to a local voodoo priest, Daphne, Shaggy, and Scooby venture into the resort's ghost ride, meeting Fred and Velma inside, where they split up to look for clues. Fred and Velma come across a strange school designed to educate inhuman creatures about human culture, while Daphne discovers a pyramid-shaped artifact called the Daemon Ritus. The gang flee to the hotel, but an army of real demons attack, kidnapping Fred, Velma, Mondavarious and other tourists, while Scooby, Shaggy, Daphne and Mary Jane escape.

text: The next day, Daphne is captured by Zarkos, who also steals the Daemon Ritus, while Shaggy and Scooby learn the tourists are possessed by the demons. They run into Mary Jane, but Scooby realizes she is possessed too. Shaggy and Scooby argue when the latter points it out, but he falls down a hole into an underground chamber. While trying to find him, Shaggy finds a vat of protoplasmic soul of everyone captured, and frees Velma, Fred, and Daphne's souls. Velma discovers the demons can be destroyed by sunlight, but Fred and Daphne become trapped in each other's wrong bodies, until the Daemon Ritus corrects it after the gang's souls swap randomly. The gang come across the voodoo priest, who explains the demons' ritual will allow them to rule the world for the next ten-thousand years when a pure soul is offered as a sacrifice — namely, Scooby. Mondavarious is revealed to be the leader of the demons.

text: The gang plot a trap to defeat the demon cult, but it fails, and Mondavarious sucks out Scooby's soul using the Daemon Ritus. Shaggy tackles Mondavarious; Scooby's soul goes back into him. As Fred and Velma go to confront the defeated Mondavarious; find he is a man in a mask. When they peel the mask off, Mondavarious is reveal as a robot, piloted by Scooby's estranged nephew Scrappy-Doo, abandoned by the gang years ago due to him urinating on Daphne, and trying to take over as leader. Using the absorbed souls of the tourists, Scrappy transforms into a monster and tries to kill the gang.

text: On the mountain top, Daphne battles Zarkos, kicking him into the ritual chamber where the demons are exposed to sunlight and die. Shaggy rips the Daemon Ritus from Scrappy's body, freeing the souls; the real Mondavarious emerges from a prison cell. Scrappy, N'Goo, Zarkos, and all their minions are arrested, while the reunited gang promise to forever solve mysteries.

text: As the end credits begin to roll, Scooby and Shaggy are enjoying the "all you can eat" deal at the hotel. They challenge each other eating chilli peppers and scream as smoke comes out of the hotel.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred Jones
Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne Blake
Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers
Linda Cardellini as Velma Dinkley
Rowan Atkinson as Emile Mondavarious
Isla Fisher as Mary Jane
Miguel A. Núñez Jr. as Voodoo Maestro
Sam Greco as Zarkos
Steven Grieves as N'Goo Tuana

tag: ul

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Neil Fanning as the voice of Scooby-Doo
Scott Innes as the voice of Scrappy-Doo
J. P. Manoux as the voice of Scrappy Rex
Jess Harnell and Frank Welker as the voice of creatures

text: Cameos[edit]

text:
Sugar Ray
Pamela Anderson
Nicholas Hope
Michala Banas

text: Actors Freddie Prinze Jr. and Sarah Michelle Gellar, who portray Fred and Daphne and are romantically involved in the film and series, became real life husband and wife shortly after the film was released. When asked about watching several cartoons before playing Shaggy, Lillard responded, "Everything I could get my hands on. If I ever have to see another episode of "Scooby-Doo," it will be way too soon."[5] Lillard would continue voicing Shaggy in the rest of the Scooby-Doo media. Jim Carrey was originally attached to play Shaggy. Mike Myers also expressed interest in playing Shaggy.[6][7] Before Rowan Atkinson was cast as Emile Mondavarious in the film, Tim Curry was originally offered for the role, but later turned it down after learning that Scrappy-Doo was going to be in the film.[8][9] Prinze said of his character, "[He] always showed more arrogance than everyone else. So in the movie, I took the opportunity to make him as narcissistic and self-loving as possible."[10] Fisher grew up watching Scooby-Doo in Australia, and said that the "best part of making this movie was being part of an institution, something that has been in people's childhoods and is something that means a lot to a lot of people."[5] Cardellini was also a fan of the Scooby-Doo series.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: Producer Charles Roven began developing a live-action treatment of Scooby-Doo in 1994. By the end of the decade, the combined popularity of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!, along with the addition of the script and updated digital animation led Warner Bros. to fast track production of the film.[6] Jim Carrey, as well as Mike Myers, expressed interest in playing Shaggy. In October 2000, the film was officially given the green light, Variety reported that Raja Gosnell had been hired to direct the film.[12]

text: The movie was filmed on location in and around Queensland, Australia. Production was started on February 12, 2001 at the Warner Bros. Movie World theme park,[6][13] and wrapped in June 2001. The film was originally set to have a much darker tone, essentially poking fun at the original series, much like The Brady Bunch Movie, and was set for a PG-13 rating. Shaggy was set to be a stoner, and there were many marijuana references.[14]

text: Several rumors about these aspects in the original cartoon series were passed around by fans of the original and were to be incorporated into the live action film.[15] In March 2001, one month into filming, the first official cast picture was released.[16]

text: According to actress Sarah Michelle Gellar, after the cast had signed on there was a change, and the film became more family friendly, though some of the original adult jokes are still in the film. They are also included in deleted scenes on the home media releases.[17] In January 2001, it was reported that Rowan Atkinson was in negotiations to play Mondavarious.[18]

text: Gellar also said her character and Linda Cardellini's shared an onscreen kiss that did not make the final film. "It wasn't just, like, for fun," she said, explaining it took place in the body-switching scene. "Initially in the soul-swapping scene Velma and Daphne couldn't seem to get their souls back together in the woods. And so the way they found was to kiss and the souls went back into proper alignment."[19]

text: In 2017, the 15th anniversary of the release of "Scooby-Doo", James Gunn, the screenwriter for the movie revealed in a Facebook post that there was an R-rated cut of "Scooby-Doo" and that CGI was used to remove cleavage of the female cast members.[20][21][22][23]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by David Newman. A soundtrack was released on June 4, 2002, by Atlantic Records. It peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and 49 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Shaggy performs the theme song from Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!, which was retitled "Shaggy, Where Are You?".[citation needed]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: A video game based upon the film was released for Game Boy Advance shortly before the film was released.[24] The game is played in third-person point of view and has multiple puzzle games and mini-games. The game's structure was similar to a board game. Metacritic rated it 64/100 based on five reviews, which they labeled as "mixed or average reviews".[25]

text: Scholastic Inc. released a novelization of the story in conjunction with the film. The novel was written by American fantasy and science fiction author Suzanne Weyn.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on VHS and DVD on October 11, 2002. The release included deleted scenes, among them an alternate opening animated in the style of the original television series.[citation needed] It was later released as a double feature with its sequel on Blu-ray on November 9, 2010.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Scooby-Doo debuted with $19.2 million on its opening day, and $54.1 million over the weekend from 3,447 theaters, averaging about $15,711 per venue and ranked #1 at the box office.[27] The film closed on October 31, 2002, with a final gross of $153 million in the United States and Canada. It made an additional $122 million in other territories, bringing the total worldwide gross to $275.7 million, making it the 15th most successful film worldwide of 2002.[28] The film was released in the United Kingdom on July 12, 2002, and topped the country's box office for the next two weekends, before being dethroned by Austin Powers in Goldmember.[29][30][31]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 30% based on 143 reviews with an average rating of 4.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though Lillard is uncannily spot-on as Shaggy, Scooby Doo is a tired live-action update, filled with lame jokes."[32] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 35 out of 100 based on 31 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[33] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[34]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one out of four stars, stating that the film "exists in a closed universe, and the rest of us are aliens. The Internet was invented so that you can find someone else's review of Scooby-Doo. Start surfing."[35] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said, "Get out your pooper-scoopers. Doo happens June 14th, warn the ads for Scooby-Doo. And they say there's no truth in Hollywood."[36]

text: Robin Rauzi of the Los Angeles Times called the film "entertainment more disposable than Hanna-Barbera's half-hour cartoons ever were."[37] Although Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel said that children who liked the animated version of Scooby-Doo will "probably like" the film, he urged parents to "know that the violence is a bit harder-edged than in the cartoon version". He would later go on to say that adults who remember the cartoon version "may get caught up in what Scooby would call the 'rostalgia'", but said that "adults who do not fondly recall the Scooby-Doo cartoons are strongly advised to steer clear."[38]

text: Conversely, Hank Struever of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review, stating that "You don't want to love this, but you will. Although Scooby-Doo falls far short of becoming the Blazing Saddles of Generations X, Y and Z, it is hard to resist in its moronic charms."[39]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Gellar won Choice Movie Actress – Comedy at the Teen Choice Awards.[40] Prinze was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award (Razzie) for Worst Supporting Actor, but he lost to Hayden Christensen for Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones.[citation needed] It was also nominated for another Razzie, Most Flatulent Teen-Targeted Movie, but lost against Jackass: The Movie.


document_title: Sonny with a Chance (season 2)

question_text: sonny with a chance season 2 episode 4

question_tokens: sonny with a chance season 2 episode 4

text: Sonny with a Chance (season 2)

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: The opening sequence for season two remains virtually the same, with only the portion where Sonny knocks the title logo into place being reshot.

text: Production[edit]

text: Disney Channel initially renewed Sonny for a second season on June 1, 2009, alongside the fourth season of Hannah Montana.[1] Production for the series moved from NBC Studios in Burbank, California to Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California. Episodes were taped from November 2, 2009 and ended on June 4, 2010.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
The season consisted of 26 episodes.
This season was filmed from November 2009 to June 2010

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Directed by

Written by

Original air date

Prod.code

U.S. viewers(millions)
221"Walk a Mile in My Pants"Eric Dean SeatonAmy Engelberg & Wendy EngelbergMarch 14, 2010 (2010-03-14)2026.3[2]
Sonny is hosting a Walk-a-Thon For Books where all the participants will be wearing Tawni's Extreme Skinny Jeans, although Sonny and the rest of So Random! have trouble walking in the jeans while Tawni was comfortable with the jeans. Chad finds out about the upcoming event, so he and the rest of Mackenzie Falls decide to host a Walk-A-Thon Against Books where all the contestants will also be wearing Tawni's Extreme Skinny Jeans. However, the next day, Tawni becomes incapacitated, and is sent to hospital, accompanied by Sonny. Upon arriving the hospital, Tawni is diagnosed with SPS (Skinny Pants Syndrome), an infection that cuts the blood circulation, where it affects your ability to walk. Then, a TV network broadcasts the "Walk-A-Thon" events, where both teams also become incapacitated, because of the SPS, so they all end up in hospital and have their pants cut off, much to Tawni's dismay. Later that day, Tawni is given the balloon pants, a medicine that she has to wear until her legs are healed. Tawni becomes fed up with her balloon pants, and she tries to wear the skinny jeans, only to learn that all her fans also suffered SPS, so Tawni and everyone decide to make charity music video "Stop SPS", in order to fight against SPS.
So Random! sketches:

"Sicky Vicky": Sonny plays Vicky, a sick girl who hosts a TV show from her bed giving tips about fun things to do when you are sick.
Untitled Hula Sketch: The cast rehearses a hula sketch.
"Stop SPS": The casts of So Random! and Mackenzie Falls unite to film the music video to stop Skinny Pants Syndrome.
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
Note: On this episode's first broadcast, the 16:9 widescreen picture seen on Disney Channel HD was mistakenly compressed into the 4:3 center cut picture on Disney Channel's SD feed; the rebroadcast on March 21, 2010 corrected this. This is the first episode broadcast that was taped at Hollywood Center Studios, joining Wizards of Waverly Place, The Suite Life on Deck and Jonas at the lot; the series was shot at NBC Studios in Burbank for the first season. The series' record breaking season premiere was led in by the season finale for Hannah Montana, which topped the week with 7.6 million viewers.[2]

232"Sonny Get Your Goat"Eric Dean SeatonDava SavelMarch 21, 2010 (2010-03-21)2043.2[3]
Sonny and Tawni are invited on an exchange program to Glendovia because of the success of their "Check-it-Out Girls" sketch, but refuse to go together due to an unknown argument. When Tawni goes she is shocked to discover that it is a cultural wasteland and that the Glendovians think the characters are real check out girls. Meanwhile, an exchange student impresses a girl Nico and Grady like, and they both think it is because of his mustache. They then wear a mustache trying to impress her, but they get themselves stuck in their own mustaches because of the glue.
So Random! sketch:

"The Check-it-out Girls": A popular sketch which was a recurring segment in Season 1.
Guest Stars: Michael Kostroff as Marshall, Sam Lerner as Dinka
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
Title Reference: Annie Get Your Gun

243"Gassie Passes"Eric Dean SeatonDava SavelMarch 28, 2010 (2010-03-28)2052.9[4]
Feeling that Gassie doesn't get the affection that he deserves, Sonny takes it upon herself to show the dog love, love that it doesn't get from its trainer. Sonny then finds out that giving the dog affection effects Gassie's mood to flatulate on command when filming the "Gassie" sketches as well jeopardizing the feature film "Gassie and We". Sonny then gives Gassie too many dog treats that may have killed him. In the end it turns out Gassie was in shock from too many meatball treats and gets the love he deserves, also putting Chad into shock by pretending to be dead. Meanwhile, Nico and Grady borrow money from Dakota Condor to invest in fart noise lunch boxes for "Gassie and We".
So Random! sketch:

"Gassie the Toot'n Pooch"
Guest star: Siobhan Fallon Hogan as Bella, Gassie's trainer

254"Sonny with a Song"John FortenberryMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelApril 11, 2010 (2010-04-11)2093.2[5]
Sonny’s favorite musician, Trey Brothers, is visiting and she would like to spend time with him to show him some songs she has written. However, Tawni likes Trey and thinks Sonny is trying to steal him from her. So she says that Sonny's song is her song. But then things get more complicated when Trey steals "Tawni's song". Meanwhile, Nico and Grady try to find out how to work a magic box.
Guest star: Guy Burnet as Trey Brothers
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
Songs featured: "Me, Myself and Time"

Note: This episode is Sonny's first time performing a song.
265"High School Miserable"Carl LautenMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelApril 18, 2010 (2010-04-18)2065.4[6]
Sonny and her fellow cast members are disappointed with their studio perks, they then write a letter to Mr. Condor expressing their dissatisfaction. Mr. Condor becomes upset by this and fires the cast forcing them to attend public high school and hires his daughter Dakota as the one and only star of So Random!.
Title reference: High School Musical
So Random! sketches:

"The Real Princesses of New Jersey": A parody of both The Real Housewives of New Jersey reality-show and the Disney Princess franchise, performed by Sonny (Snow-White/"Snowy"), Tawni (Cinderella/"Cindy"), Zora (Sleeping-Beauty/"Beauty"), and Grady (the Magic Mirror).
"Sally Jenson: Kid Lawyer": The cast rehearses this sketch, with Dakota later replacing Zora.
"Rappin' Pirate": A sketch mentioned by the other cast members, normally performed by Nico, later replaced by Dakota.
Guest star: E. E. Bell as Principal

276"The Legend of Candy Face"Eric Dean SeatonDan Cohen & F.J. PrattMay 2, 2010 (2010-05-02)2033.5[7]
When the casts of So Random! and Mackenzie Falls keep doing ridiculous things to each other, Sonny tries to make peace so Ms. Bitterman decides do take them to the woods so they can start trusting each other. While on a team building retreat in the woods, Ms. Bitterman tells the group about the legend of "Candyface". When mysterious events start happening and personal items are found broken, the So Random! cast is convinced that "Candyface" is responsible.
So Random! sketch:

"Mackenzie Stalls": The cast of So Random! parody Mackenzie Falls, but instead of the setting being by a waterfall, the setting of the sketch is in a school bathroom.
Guest stars: Vicki Lewis as Mrs. Bitterman, William Jonathan Georges as Devon, Leslie-Anne Huff as Penelope, Ashley Jackson as Chloe and DeVaughn Nixon as Trevor
Note: Chad's hair is short in the beginning, but after the theme, it's long again. Ms. Bitterman makes a joke about a guy named Bernie who "made off" with her money, referencing Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme scandal of 2008.

287"Gummy with a Chance"Carl LautenJosh Herman & Adam SchwartzMay 9, 2010 (2010-05-09)2073.4[8]
Tawni bans gum from the set after "almost dying" from tripping over Sonny's leftover pieces. Even though Sonny has a ritual of chewing gum just before going on stage and feels she can't be funny without it. Meanwhile, Chad invites Nico and Grady to exercise in his personal gym as a ploy to use their workouts to power his new "green" dressing room.

So Random! sketches: "Sicky Vicky" and "Toe-nail Fairy" (played by Tawni)
298"Random Acts of Disrespect"Leslie Kolins SmallDan Cohen & F.J. PrattMay 16, 2010 (2010-05-16)2085.5[9]
When Grace, an elderly woman, wins the "Be So Random! for a Day" contest, the So Random! cast ends up planning an "old geezer" sketch that not only offends Grace and her entire retirement home, but all elderly people. Grace and her friends turn the tables and play a practical joke on the cast. Meanwhile, Chad attempts to help a group of kids with their fear of clowns and ends up looking like one himself.
References

During one sketch, other Disney Channel shows are (verbally) parodied, including That's So Raven, Wizards of Waverly Place, and Hannah Montana.
The end-credits sequence features parodies of routines from The Benny Hill Show (the "Yakety Sax" chase-sequences, and patting Jackie Wright's bald head), and Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (Arte Johnson's "man on a tricycle").
Guest stars: Estelle Harris as Grace Gallagher, Carol Locatell as Edith and Larry Gelman as Buddy
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora

309"Grady with a Chance of Sonny"Eric Dean SeatonLanny Horn & Josh SilversteinMay 23, 2010 (2010-05-23)2165.5[9]
When Grady's brother, Grant, makes fun of him for not having a girlfriend, Sonny steps in and pretends to be his girlfriend. They try to keep the act going when Grant visits and Sonny tries to squeeze in a date with Tridark, star Blake Radisson. Meanwhile, Nico and Tawni pull a prank on Chad just before he gets ready to shoot a commercial for his self-titled energy bar.
Guest star: Preston Jones as Grant Mitchell

Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
3110"Falling for the Falls" (Part 1)Eric Dean SeatonMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelJune 13, 2010 (2010-06-13)2013.6[10]
Sonny and her mom start watching Mackenzie Falls and eventually become addicted to it. When the season finale is coming up, Sonny can't wait for it and just asks Chad what happens between Mackenzie and Chloe in the finale, though she words it as if she wants him to ask her out instead, which he does. When the other the So Random! cast members finds out Sonny is watching Mackenzie Falls, they disapprove and Sonny is afraid to tell them about her and Chad. Meanwhile, the cast are working on Astronomy projects and Grady and Nico try to find a way to get Sonny to do it for them.
3211"Falling for the Falls" (Part 2)Eric Dean SeatonMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelJune 20, 2010 (2010-06-20)2173.8[11]
Sonny and Chad try to keep their relationship a secret from their fellow So Random! and Mackenzie Falls cast members. However, they keep slipping up and saying the words "Chad" and "Sonny" during their rehearsals. This makes the cast members of both shows suspicious. When they go on their first date, Chad messes up because he is nervous and ends up spitting water on Sonny. The cast of So Random! then finds out about their date when the incident is posted on the cover of "Tween Weekly" magazine. Chad blames Sonny for what happened and Sonny, infuriated, "breaks up" with him. He then climbs through her window into her house to apologize, and shows Sonny a billboard he had made that says he is a fool for her. They then restart their relationship and have a "second first date" as the rest of So Random! watches angrily.

Last Appearance of: Connie Munroe
33/3412/13"Sonny with a Secret"Eric Dean SeatonMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelJuly 18, 2010 (2010-07-18)212–2136.1[12]
Sonny celebrating her one-year anniversary with So Random! is hindered when is she accused of being of thief. From stealing a necklace at a department store, to stealing Nico and Grady's gold coin and possibly stealing the idea of the "Sicky Vicky" sketch. When proof of the contrary is to no avail, she is fired from the show. Sonny is eventually cleared of accusations and re-hired after it's revealed that one of the members from Mackenzie Falls was the one to frame Sonny because of her relationship with Chad. Meanwhile, Tawni is annoyed at the fact that she is constantly ignored.
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora (in part one only)
Guest stars: Leslie-Anne Huff as Penelope and Regan Burns as Ryan Loughlin

Note: This episode was broadcast in a 4:3 letterbox format on Disney Channel's standard definition feed. Also, when showing Sonny back in Wisconsin, she is wearing a brown wig, because in season 1, her hair is brown in contrast to season 2, where her hair is black. She had to wear a wig because they were filmed together, but one was before her hair changed to black.
3514"The Problem with Pauly"Shelley JensenJosh Herman & Adam SchwartzAugust 8, 2010 (2010-08-08)2144.5[13]
Sonny meets Pauly the star of their favorite childhood show, Pauly and Pals. She agrees to wear the Pauly suit at fan meet and greet so that Hank (Bobby Slayton), the actor that plays Pauly, can get a break. But Sonny's commitment to being Pauly hinders a seven-week anniversary date she planned with Chad, in addition Hank does not want to return to his job.

Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
3615"That's So Sonny"Eric Dean SeatonDava SavelAugust 29, 2010 (2010-08-29)2154.0[14]
Chad is upset that he does not have 1,000,000 fans on Flitter (a parody of Twitter) and things get worse when they start to decrease. Sonny enlists the help of Amber Algoode, the president of his fan club and a master of disguise to fix things. Amber uses her disguises to spy on the other So Random! cast members to hear what they think of Chad. When she finds out that they like Chad now that he is dating Sonny, Amber insists that Chad dump Sonny, so that people will find him interesting again and to reach his 1,000,000 fans mark.
Special Guest star: Raven-Symoné as Amber Algoode

Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
3716"Chad Without a Chance"Eric Dean SeatonAmy Engelberg & Wendy EngelbergSeptember 19, 2010 (2010-09-19)2104.0[15]
When Sonny catches the flu, Chad agrees to substitute for her with other So Random! cast members. The cast members have arranged a daily chart in which they are allowed to spend individual time with Sonny. With Chad substituting, he agrees to dump Tawni's dates over the phone, help Nico get a date with the studio masseuse, assist Zora with her martial arts and offers to be Grady's therapist, all leading to disastrous results.

So Random! sketch: "Sicky Vicky": In this sketch Sicky Vicky talks to the audience about ways to have fun when you are sick with Pink eye.
3817"My Two Chads"Eric Dean SeatonDan Cohen & F.J. PrattSeptember 26, 2010 (2010-09-26)2114.0[15]
Sonny finds out that Chad has sent his stunt double Chaz on every "dangerous" date with her, so she breaks up with him. Nico and Grady worry about being bored all the time. Tawni becomes the celebrity host of a pirate-themed friendship game show, with Sonny pairing with Chad and Nico pairing with Grady. In the end, Sonny gave Chad a second chance.
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora

Special guest star: Lou Ferrigno as Himself
3918"A So Random! Halloween Special"Eric Dean SeatonJosh Herman & Adam SchwartzOctober 17, 2010 (2010-10-17)2264.0[16]
The first of two specials in the season, the show features a full episode of the show within a show, So Random!. Segments include "Check It Out Girls", "Halloween Do's and Don'ts" and "Roadkill McGill's Roadside Diner". The show also features musical performances from Sonny Munroe and Allstar Weekend; and celebrity host, Shaquille O'Neal.
So Random! sketches:

"Check-it-out girls"
"The Monster Under My Bed": A sketch from the Halloween Special. Sonny plays a mother and Zora is her daughter who gets attacked by a monster under her bed (Grady).
"Halloween Party Do's and Dont's": A Halloween sketch with all the casts being at a Halloween Party, saying good and bad things.
"Roadkill McGrill's Roadside Diner": Sonny and Nico are eating animal food from two country people (Tawni and Grady).
"Making Babies Cry": A videoclip with the So Random! cast with Nico playing Romeo Baby Smooth, a singer that likes making babies cry.
Note: This is Sonny's second time performing a song.
Special guest stars: Shaquille O'Neal as Himself and Allstar Weekend as Themselves
Songs featured: "Come Down With Love" and "Work of Art"

4019"Sonny with a 100% Chance of Meddling"Ron MoselyLanny Horn & Josh SilversteinOctober 24, 2010 (2010-10-24)2194.7[17]
Sonny sees that Zora was attracted to Wesley Willilger (Billy Unger), a child actor guest-starring on Mackenzie Falls. Sonny tries to set a date for Wesley and Zora in a group date with Sonny, Tawni, Nico and Grady. Wesley then gets the wrong message that the date was arranged for him and Sonny to get together. Meanwhile, Nico and Grady enter a cell phone film festival with Dakota Condor as the star of their film, but Dakota's usual unruly behavior drives the guys crazy.

So Random! sketch:: "Counselor Jenny and Dan Dan the Guitar Man": A sketch about camp counselors selling insensitive camp songs for a television commercial, "the same songs that got fired from over 100 summer camps."
4120"Dakota's Revenge"Eric Dean SeatonDava SavelNovember 14, 2010 (2010-11-14)2233.7[18]
Dakota's new bike gets run over accidentally by Tawni and Sonny and Tawni try desperately to get Izzy (Richard Libertini) the show's prop master to fix it. Meanwhile, Chad writes Dakota a song for her birthday, But Grady and Nico plan on pulling a prank on him to ruin his moment.

Last Appearance of: Dakota Condor
4221"Sonny with a Kiss"Eric Dean SeatonEllen Byron & Lissa KapstromNovember 21, 2010 (2010-11-21)2203.6[19]
When revealed in an interview that they have yet to share a kiss, Sonny and Chad start to feel pressured by their friends and fans to make it happen. After coming to the realization that there was a lot less pressure when they were just friends, Sonny and Chad decide to break up; they then have their first kiss, finally deciding to get back together. Meanwhile, Nico and Grady believe their temporary dressing room is being haunted by a dead comedian.
So Random! sketch: "The Toilet Genie and the Nerd": Grady plays The Toilet Genie, a genie from a high school bathroom toilet who grants wishes to nerd Nico.
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora

Guest star: Johari Johnson as Tia
4322"A So Random! Holiday Special"Eric Dean SeatonMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelNovember 28, 2010 (2010-11-28)2183.8[20]
Chad Dylan Cooper hosts a fully produced, jolly-themed "So Random!" holiday special, with special musical guest Joe Jonas. Sketches include "A Jonas for Christmas", "The 12 Days of Sickmas with Sicky Vicky", "Holiday Cooking with Roadkill McGill" and "Christmas with the Real Princesses of New Jersey".
Note: Sonny performs a duet for the first time and this is her third time performing a song.
Special guest star: Joe Jonas as Himself

Songs featured: "Sing My Song for You"
4423"Sonny with a Grant"Eric Dean SeatonMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelDecember 5, 2010 (2010-12-05)2214.0[21]
Grady's older brother Grant makes another visit into town just when Grady was about to spend some alone time alone while the other cast members are on vacation, except for Tawni when a hurricane canceles her cruise. Chad is fired from "Mackenzie Falls" with Grant being as the new Mackenzie.
Absent: Brandon Mychal Smith as Nico and Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora, but their names are both mentioned.
Last Appearance of: Mr. Condor
Note: This is the second time that Brandon Mychal Smith was absent for an episode. He was absent for only one episode in the first season.

Delta House and the yellow and blue hats are a parody of the movie "National Lampoon's Animal House".
4524"Marshall with a Chance"Shannon FlynnCarla Banks WaddlesDecember 12, 2010 (2010-12-12)2243.2[22]
Marshall is frustrated by the cast's unfunny sketch ideas with the cast later making a video making fun of him. Marshall sees the video realizing how mean he was and decides to quit "So Random" to pursue his own acting career with a one-man play entitled "My Life with Ma".
So Random! sketch: Two sketches related to the Japanese herb Wasabi including the game show "Where's the Wasabi?" and a Wasabi public service announcement featuring Grady.
Guest star: Benjamin Byron Davis as Savage Stan
Absent: Sterling Knight as Chad Dylan Cooper
Note: This is the third time that Sterling Knight was absent for an episode and his only time being absent this season.

Last Appearance of: Marshall Pike
4625"Sonny with a Choice"Eric Dean SeatonDan Cohen & F.J. PrattDecember 19, 2010 (2010-12-19)2224.7[17]
Once again "So Random!" and "Mackenzie Falls" are nominated for "Best Tween Show" in the Tween Choice Awards but this time "So Random!" wins and Chad gets really jealous. He then tells Sonny that he had the votes recounted meaning that "Mackenzie Falls" actually won. Sonny is then upset by this and breaks up with Chad. Meanwhile, Nico steals Grady's joke at the award show. Grady is very angry and Nico tries to make it up to Grady.

Note: This is the final appearance of Zora Lancaster in Sonny with a Chance, although she appears in So Random!.
4726"New Girl"Sean McNamaraMichael Feldman & Steve MarmelJanuary 2, 2011 (2011-01-02)2255.7[17]
Sonny writes a song about Chad after breaking up with him, because he's very self-centered in her point of view, but has hard time performing it. Meanwhile, Grady develops a crush on Mel Winters (Skyler Day), a waitress at the Random's new hangout "The Patio". Coincidentally she is also Sonny's new neighbor. At first, they hate each other, and Mel thinks that the crowd will hate her singing, but Sonny thinks that they will like it, so they make a bet. Later, she almost performs the song, but Sonny realizes that Chad paid the audience to clap at everything before she sang, so that Sonny would win the bet. She then confronts Chad, who was behind a shrub at the Patio, and they fight once more. Then, the next day, she gets a real crowd, and performs the song and Mel and Sonny develop a friendship. Later, Chad and Sonny run into each other. They talk, and he walks away. She starts humming the song she wrote, while walking away, revealing that she still has feelings for Chad.
Absent: Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora
Final Appearance of: Sonny Munroe
Note: This is the final episode of Sonny With a Chance due to Lovato's departure. This was supposed to be a turning point in the show. This episode was going to bring in a new character to the show and a new location. The show was then going to be turned into more of a teen sitcom drama show like what Jonas LA turned into. Of course all of these plans went into play before Lovato announced her departure. So Random! continues without Demi Lovato. In the sequel show, Chad Dylan Cooper (Sterling Knight) joins the cast of So Random replacing Sonny Munroe. This is also Sonny's fourth and final time performing a song.

Songs featured: "What to Do"


document_title: Pamela Reed

question_text: who plays leslie knope on parks and recreation

text: Pamela Reed

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Reed was born in Tacoma, Washington, the daughter of Vernie and Norma Reed.[1] She received her B.F.A. at the University of Washington.[2] Reed has been married to Sandy Smolan since 1988. Since 2004, she has resided in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, California with her husband and two children, Reed and Lily.

text: Career[edit]

text: Reed earned a Drama Desk Award for the off-Broadway play Getting Out and an Obie Award for "sustaining excellence in performance in theater". She was a regular in the cast of the 1977 CBS drama The Andros Targets. She had minor film and television work in the 1980s. She won a CableAce Award for Best Actress for the HBO series Tanner '88 (1988). She also co-starred with Daryl Hannah in the film The Clan of the Cave Bear (1985).

text: Her notable film roles include The Long Riders (1980), The Right Stuff (1983), The Best of Times (1986), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Junior (1994), Bean (1997), and Proof of Life (2001).

text: Reed played Janice Pasetti in the quirky NBC sitcom Grand, and then played a judge and single mother in the short-lived NBC sitcom The Home Court. She has provided the voice for the character Ruth Powers in 3 episodes of the animated TV series The Simpsons and guest-voiced in an episode of the 1994-1995 animated series The Critic. She played a main role in Jericho and has appeared as the mother of main character Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) on Parks and Recreation.[3]

text: In 2005 Reed portrayed executive producer Esther Shapiro in Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure, a fictionalized television movie based on the creation and behind the scenes production of the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty.[4][5]

text: Reed has also worked for Storyline Online, reading Stellaluna.

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

1980

The Long Riders

Belle Starr

1980

Melvin and Howard

Bonnie Dummar

1981

Eyewitness

Linda Mercer

1982

Young Doctors in Love

Nurse Norine Sprockett

1983

The Right Stuff

Trudy Cooper

1984

The Goodbye People

Nancie Scot

1986

The Clan of the Cave Bear

Iza

1986

The Best of Times

Gigi Hightower

1987

Rachel River

Mary Graving

1989

Chattahoochee

Earlene

1990

Redlands

Maude

Video short

1990

Cadillac Man

Tina

1990

Kindergarten Cop

Det. Phoebe O'Hara

1992

Passed Away

Terry Scanlan Pinter

1992

Bob Roberts

Carol Cruise

1994

Junior

Angela

1997

Santa Fe

Nancy Vigil

1997

Bean

Alison Langley

1998

Why Do Fools Fall in Love

Judge Lambrey

1999

Standing on Fishes

Janice

2000

Proof of Life

Janis Goodman

2005

Life of the Party

Evelyn

2016

Savannah Sunrise

Loraine

2017

Outside In

Aunt Bette

2018

The Long Dumb Road

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

1976

Spencer's Pilots

Susan

"The Hitchhiker"

1977

The Andros Targets

Sandi Farrell

Main role

1978

All's Well That Ends Well

Helena

TV film

1981

Inmates: A Love Story

Sunny

TV film

1983

The Mississippi

Paige

"Beyond a Reasonable Doubt"

1983

I Want to Live

Edie Bannister

TV film

1983

Heart of Steel

Valerie

TV film

1985

Scandal Sheet

Helen Grant

TV film

1988

Hemingway

Mary Welsh

TV miniseries

1988

Tanner '88

T.J. Cavanaugh

TV miniseries

1988

L.A. Law

Norma Heisler

"Romancing the Drone"

1990

Grand

Janice Pasetti

Main role

1990

Caroline?

Grace Carmichael

TV film

1990

The Civil War

Various (voice)

TV miniseries documentary

1992

Woman with a Past

Dee Johnson

TV film

1992–03

The Simpsons

Ruth Powers (voice)

"New Kid on the Block", "Marge on the Lam", "The Strong Arms of the Ma"

1993

Born Too Soon

Elizabeth Mehren

TV film

1993

Family Album

Denise Lerner

TV miniseries

1995

Deadly Whispers

Carol Acton

TV film

1995

Buford's Got a Gun

Laurie

TV film

1995–96

The Home Court

Judge Sydney J. Solomon

Main role

1996

The Man Next Door

Wanda Gilmore

TV film

1996

Critical Choices

Arlene

TV film

1998

Carriers

Holly Parker

TV film

2001

The Kennedys

Pamela Kennedy

TV film

2003

Book of Days

Grady

TV film

2003

Judging Amy

Sarah

"Shock and Awe"

2004

Tanner on Tanner

T.J. Cavanaugh

TV miniseries

2004

JAG

Major General Willsey

"Whole New Ball Game"

2005

Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure

Esther Shapiro

TV film

2005

Jane Doe: Now You See It, Now You Don't

Fran Henkel

TV film

2006

Pepper Dennis

Lynn Dinkle

Recurring role

2006–08

Jericho

Gail Green

Regular role

2008

Eli Stone

Mrs. Stone

"Pilot", "Heartbeat"

2009

The Beast

Asst. Dir. Ida Paulson

"Counterfeit", "No Turning Back"

2009–11

United States of Tara

Beverly Craine

Recurring role

2009–12

Parks and Recreation

Marlene Knope

Recurring role

2010

Proposition 8 Trial Re-Enactment

Dr. M. V. Lee Badgett

TV series documentary

2010

Grey's Anatomy

Mrs. Banks

"Valentine's Day Massacre"

2011–12

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

Donna Hoppe

"Genetic Disorder", "Risky Business Class"

2012

Perception

Mrs. Penderhalt

"86'd"

2014

Criminal Minds

Mary Bidwell

"Boxed In"

2015–Present

NCIS: Los Angeles

Roberta Deeks

Recurring role


document_title: 1998 FIFA World Cup

question_text: who was the best player in 1998 world cup

question_tokens: who was the best player in 1998 world cup

text: 1998 FIFA World Cup

text: Host selection[edit]

text: France was awarded the 1998 World Cup on 2 July 1992 by the executive committee of FIFA during a general meeting in Zürich, Switzerland. They defeated Morocco by 12 votes to 7.[1][2] Switzerland withdrew, due to being unable to meet FIFA's requirements. This made France the third country to host two World Cups, after Mexico and Italy in 1986 and 1990 respectively. France previously hosted the third edition of the World Cup in 1938. England, who hosted the competition in 1966 and won it, were among the original applicants, but later withdrew their application in favour of an ultimately successful bid to host UEFA Euro 1996.

text:
Voting results[3]

Country

Round 1

 France
12

 Morocco
7

text: Bribery and corruption investigations[edit]

text: On 4 June 2015, while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, Chuck Blazer confirmed that he and other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed during the 1998 and 2010 World Cups host selection process. Blazer stated that "we facilitated bribes in conjunction with the selection of the host nation for the 1998 World Cup". Since France won the selection process it was initially thought the bribery came from its bid committee. It eventually transpired that the bribe payment was from the failed Moroccan bid.[4][5][6]

text: Qualification[edit]

text: The qualification draw for the 1998 World Cup finals took place in the Musée du Louvre, Paris on 12 December 1995.[7] As tournament hosts, France was exempt from the draw as was defending champion Brazil. 174 teams from six confederations participated, 24 more than in the previous round. Fourteen countries qualified from the European zone (in addition to hosts France). Ten were determined after group play - nine group winners and the best second-placed team; the other eight group runners-up were drawn into pairs of four play-off matches with the winners qualifying for the finals as well.[8] CONMEBOL (South America) and CAF (Africa) were each given five spots in the final tournament, while three spots were contested between 30 CONCACAF members in the North and Central America and the Caribbean zone. The winner of the Oceanian zone advanced to an intercontinental play-off against the runner-up of the Asian play-off, determined by the two best second placed teams.

text: Four nations qualified for the first time: Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa. The last team to qualify was Iran by virtue of beating Australia in a two-legged tie on 29 November 1997.[9] This was Team Melli's first appearance in the finals since 1978, the last time Tunisia also qualified for the tournament. Chile qualified for the first time since 1982, after serving a ban that saw them miss out on the two previous tournaments. Paraguay and Denmark returned for the first time since 1986. Austria, England, Scotland and Yugoslavia returned after missing out on the 1994 tournament, with the Balkan team now appearing under the name of FR Yugoslavia. Among the teams who failed to qualify were two-time winners Uruguay (for the second successive tournament); Sweden, who finished third in 1994; Russia (who failed to qualify for the first time since 1978 after losing to Italy in the play-off round); and the Republic of Ireland, who had qualified for the previous two tournaments.[10] As of 2018, this is the most recent time Austria, Scotland, Norway, Bulgaria, Romania, and Jamaica have qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, as well as the last time Portugal missed out.

text: List of qualified teams[edit]

text: The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings,[11] qualified for the final tournament.

text:
AFC (4)
 Iran (42)
 Japan (12)
 Saudi Arabia (34)
 South Korea (20)
CAF (5)
 Cameroon (49)
 Morocco (13)
 Nigeria (74)
 South Africa (24)
 Tunisia (21)
OFC (0)
None qualified

CONCACAF (3)
 Jamaica (30)
 Mexico (4)
 United States (11)
CONMEBOL (5)
 Argentina (6)
 Brazil (1)
 Chile (9)
 Colombia (10)
 Paraguay (29)

UEFA (15)
 Austria (31)
 Belgium (36)
 Bulgaria (35)
 Croatia (19)
 Denmark (27)
 England (5)
 France (18) (hosts)
 Germany (2)
 Italy (14)
 Netherlands (25)
 Norway (7)
 Romania (22)
 Scotland (41)
 Spain (15)
 Yugoslavia (8)

   Countries qualified for World Cup   Country failed to qualify   Countries that did not enter World Cup   Country not a FIFA member

text: Venues[edit]

text: France's bid to host the World Cup centered on a national stadium with 80,000 seats and nine other stadiums located across the country.[12] When the finals were originally awarded in July 1992, none of the regional club grounds were of a capacity meeting FIFA's requirements – namely being able to safely seat 40,000.[12] The proposed national stadium, colloquially referred to as the 'Grand stade' met with controversy at every stage of planning; the stadium's location was determined by politics, finance and national symbolism.[13] As Mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac successfully negotiated a deal with Prime Minister Édouard Balladur to bring the Stade de France – as it was named now, to the commune of Saint-Denis just north of the capital city.[13] Construction on the stadium started in December 1995 and was completed after 26 months of work in November 1997 at a cost of ₣2.67 billion.[14]

text: The choice of stadium locations was drafted from an original list of 14 cities.[15] FIFA and CFO monitored the progress and quality of preparations, culminating in the former providing final checks of the grounds weeks before the tournament commenced. Montpellier was the surprise inclusion from the final list of cities because of its low urban hierarchy in comparison to Strasbourg, who boasted a better hierarchy and success from its local football team, having been taken over by a consortium. Montpellier however was considered ambitious by the selecting panel to host World Cup matches. The local city and regional authories in particular had invested heavily into football the previous two decades and were able to measure economic effects, in terms of jobs as early as in 1997.[16] Some of the venues used for this tournament were also used for the previous World Cup in France in 1938. The Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, the Stade Municipal in Toulouse, the Gerland in Lyon, the Parc Lescure in Bordeaux and the Parc des Princes in Paris received the honour of hosting World Cup matches once again in 1998 as they had all done in 1938.

text: 10 stadiums in total were used for the finals; in addition to nine matches being played at the Stade de France (the most used stadium in the tournament), a further seven matches took place in Paris Saint-Germain's Parc des Princes, bringing Paris's total matches hosted to 16. France played four of their seven matches in the national stadium; they also played in the country's second and third largest cities, Marseille (hosting 7 total matches) and Lyon (hosting 6 total matches), as well as a Round of 16 knockout match in the northern city of Lens (also hosting 6 total matches). Nantes, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Montpellier and Saint-Etienne also hosted 6 matches in total; all of the stadiums used also hosted knockout round matches.

text:
Saint-Denis

Marseille

Paris

Lyon

Stade de France

Stade Vélodrome

Parc des Princes

Stade de Gerland

48°55′28″N 2°21′36″E / 48.92444°N 2.36000°E / 48.92444; 2.36000 (Stade de France)

43°16′11″N 5°23′45″E / 43.26972°N 5.39583°E / 43.26972; 5.39583 (Stade Vélodrome)

48°50′29″N 2°15′11″E / 48.84139°N 2.25306°E / 48.84139; 2.25306 (Parc des Princes)

45°43′26″N 4°49′56″E / 45.72389°N 4.83222°E / 45.72389; 4.83222 (Stade de Gerland)

Capacity: 80,000

Capacity: 60,000

Capacity: 48,875

Capacity: 44,000

Lens

Saint-DenisMarseilleParisLensLyonNantesToulouseSaint-ÉtienneBordeauxMontpellier

Stade Félix-Bollaert

50°25′58.26″N 2°48′53.47″E / 50.4328500°N 2.8148528°E / 50.4328500; 2.8148528 (Stade Félix-Bollaert)

Capacity: 41,300

Nantes

Stade de la Beaujoire

47°15′20.27″N 1°31′31.35″W / 47.2556306°N 1.5253750°W / 47.2556306; -1.5253750 (Stade de la Beaujoire)

Capacity: 39,500

Toulouse

Saint-Étienne

Bordeaux

Montpellier

Stadium de Toulouse

Stade Geoffroy-Guichard

Parc Lescure

Stade de la Mosson

43°34′59.93″N 1°26′2.57″E / 43.5833139°N 1.4340472°E / 43.5833139; 1.4340472 (Stadium de Toulouse)

45°27′38.76″N 4°23′24.42″E / 45.4607667°N 4.3901167°E / 45.4607667; 4.3901167 (Stade Geoffroy-Guichard)

44°49′45″N 0°35′52″W / 44.82917°N 0.59778°W / 44.82917; -0.59778 (Parc Lescure)

43°37′19.85″N 3°48′43.28″E / 43.6221806°N 3.8120222°E / 43.6221806; 3.8120222 (Stade de la Mosson)

Capacity: 37,000

Capacity: 36,000

Capacity: 35,200

Capacity: 34,000

text: Innovations[edit]

text: Technologies[edit]

text: This was the first World Cup where fourth officials used electronic boards, instead of cardboard.[17]

text: Rule changes[edit]

text: This was the first World Cup since the introduction of golden goals,[17] banning of tackles from behind that endanger the safety of an opponent[18] and allowance of three substitutions per game.[19]

text: Match officials[edit]

text: 34 referees and 33 assistants officiated in the 1998 World Cup.[20] As a result of the extension to 32 teams in the finals, there was an increase of 10 referees and 11 officials from the 1994 World Cup.[20]

text:
CAF (5)
 Said Belqola
 Gamal Al-Ghandour
 Lucien Bouchardeau
 Lim Kee Chong
 Ian McLeod
AFC (4)
 Abdul Rahman Al-Zaid
 Ali Bujsaim
 Masayoshi Okada
 Pirom Un-Prasert

UEFA (15)
 Marc Batta
 Günter Benkö
 Pierluigi Collina
 Hugh Dallas
 Paul Durkin
 José María García-Aranda
 Bernd Heynemann
 Nikolai Levnikov
 Urs Meier
 Vítor Melo Pereira
 Kim Milton Nielsen
 Rune Pedersen
 László Vágner
 Mario van der Ende
 Ryszard Wójcik

CONCACAF (3)
 Esfandiar Baharmast
 Arturo Brizio Carter
 Ramesh Ramdhan
OFC (1)
 Eddie Lennie
CONMEBOL (6)
 Javier Castrilli
 Epifanio González
 Márcio Rezende de Freitas
 Mario Sánchez Yanten
 Alberto Tejada Noriega
 John Toro Rendón

text: Seeds[edit]

text:
Pot A

Pot B

Pot C

Pot D

 France (hosts)
 Brazil (1994 winner)
 Argentina
 Germany
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Romania
 Spain

 Austria
 Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Denmark
 England
 Scotland
 Yugoslavia
 Norway

 Chile
 Colombia
 Iran
 Japan
 Paraguay
 Saudi Arabia
 South Korea

 Cameroon
 Jamaica
 Mexico
 Morocco
 Nigeria
 South Africa
 Tunisia
 United States

text: Squads[edit]

text: As with the preceding tournament, each team's squad for the 1998 World Cup finals consisted of 22 players. Each participating national association had to confirm their final 22-player squad by 1 June 1998.

text: Out of the 704 players participating in the 1998 World Cup, 447 were signed up with a European club; 90 in Asia, 67 in South America, 61 in Northern and Central America and 37 in Africa.[21] 75 played their club football in England – five more than Italy and Spain. Barcelona of Spain was the club contributing to the most players in the tournament with 13 players on their side.[21]

text: The average age of all teams was 27 years, 8 months – five months older than the previous tournament.[22] Samuel Eto'o of Cameroon was the youngest player selected in the competition at 17 years, 3 months, while the oldest was Jim Leighton of Scotland at 39 years, 11 months.[22]

text: Results[edit]

text: Champion   Runner-up    Third place   Fourth place    Quarter-finals   Round of 16    Group stage

text: Group stage[edit]

text: All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

text:
showKey for tables

Pld = total games played
W = total games won
D = total games drawn (tied)
L = total games lost
GF = total goals scored (goals for)
GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
Pts = total points accumulated

text: Group A[edit]

text: Defending champions Brazil won Group A after only two matches as the nation achieved victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0). Heading into the third game, Brazil had nothing to play for but still started its regulars against Norway, who was looking to upset Brazil once again. Needing a victory, Norway overturned a 1–0 deficit with 12 minutes remaining to defeat Brazil 2–1, with Kjetil Rekdal scoring[23] the winning penalty to send Norway into the knockout stage for the first time.

text: Norway's victory denied Morocco a chance at the Round of 16, despite winning 3–0 against Scotland. It was only Morocco's second ever victory at a World Cup, having recorded its only previous win 12 years earlier on 11 June 1986.

text: Scotland managed only one point, coming in a 1–1 draw against Norway, and failed to get out of the first round for an eighth time in the FIFA World Cup, a record that stands to this date.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Brazil

3

2

0

1

6

3

+3

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Norway

3

1

2

0

5

4

+1

5

3

 Morocco

3

1

1

1

5

5

0

4

4

 Scotland

3

0

1

2

2

6

−4

1

text:
10 June 1998

Brazil
2–1
 Scotland
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Morocco
2–2
 Norway
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

16 June 1998

Scotland
1–1
 Norway
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Brazil
3–0
 Morocco
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

23 June 1998

Brazil
1–2
 Norway
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

Scotland
0–3
 Morocco
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

text: Group B[edit]

text: Italy and Chile progressed to the second round because Austria suffered their worst FIFA World Cup performance. Cameroon failed to get out of the group stage for the second time in a row.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Italy

3

2

1

0

7

3

+4

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Chile

3

0

3

0

4

4

0

3

3

 Austria

3

0

2

1

3

4

−1

2

4

 Cameroon

3

0

2

1

2

5

−3

2

text:
11 June 1998

Italy
2–2
 Chile
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Cameroon
1–1
 Austria
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

17 June 1998

Chile
1–1
 Austria
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

Italy
3–0
 Cameroon
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

23 June 1998

Italy
2–1
 Austria
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Chile
1–1
 Cameroon
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

text: Group C[edit]

text: France, the host nation, swept Group C when the start of their path to their first FIFA World Cup trophy culminated with their 2–1 win over Denmark, who despite their loss, progressed to the second round.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 France (H)

3

3

0

0

9

1

+8

9

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Denmark

3

1

1

1

3

3

0

4

3

 South Africa

3

0

2

1

3

6

−3

2

4

 Saudi Arabia

3

0

1

2

2

7

−5

1

text:
12 June 1998

Saudi Arabia
0–1
 Denmark
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

France
3–0
 South Africa
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

18 June 1998

South Africa
1–1
 Denmark
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

France
4–0
 Saudi Arabia
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

24 June 1998

France
2–1
 Denmark
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

South Africa
2–2
 Saudi Arabia
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

text: Group D[edit]

text: Nigeria and Paraguay advanced to the Round of 16 after a surprise elimination of top seed Spain, while Bulgaria failed to repeat their surprise performance from the previous tournament.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Nigeria

3

2

0

1

5

5

0

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Paraguay

3

1

2

0

3

1

+2

5

3

 Spain

3

1

1

1

8

4

+4

4

4

 Bulgaria

3

0

1

2

1

7

−6

1

text:
12 June 1998

Paraguay
0–0
 Bulgaria
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

13 June 1998

Spain
2–3
 Nigeria
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

19 June 1998

Nigeria
1–0
 Bulgaria
Parc des Princes, Paris

Spain
0–0
 Paraguay
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

24 June 1998

Nigeria
1–3
 Paraguay
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

Spain
6–1
 Bulgaria
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

text: Group E[edit]

text: The Netherlands and Mexico advanced with the same record (The Netherlands placed first on goal difference); Belgium and eventual 2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosts South Korea failed to advance.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Netherlands

3

1

2

0

7

2

+5

5

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Mexico

3

1

2

0

7

5

+2

5

3

 Belgium

3

0

3

0

3

3

0

3

4

 South Korea

3

0

1

2

2

9

−7

1

text:
13 June 1998

South Korea
1–3
 Mexico
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

Netherlands
0–0
 Belgium
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

20 June 1998

Belgium
2–2
 Mexico
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Netherlands
5–0
 South Korea
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

25 June 1998

Netherlands
2–2
 Mexico
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

Belgium
1–1
 South Korea
Parc des Princes, Paris

text: Group F[edit]

text: Germany and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia advanced, each with 7 points (Germany took 1st through goal differential tiebreak). Iran and 1994 host United States failed to advance.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Germany

3

2

1

0

6

2

+4

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 FR Yugoslavia

3

2

1

0

4

2

+2

7

3

 Iran

3

1

0

2

2

4

−2

3

4

 United States

3

0

0

3

1

5

−4

0

text:
14 June 1998

Yugoslavia
1–0
 Iran
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

15 June 1998

Germany
2–0
 United States
Parc des Princes, Paris

21 June 1998

Germany
2–2
 Yugoslavia
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

United States
1–2
 Iran
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

25 June 1998

United States
0–1
 Yugoslavia
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

Germany
2–0
 Iran
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

text: Group G[edit]

text: Romania and England became Group G top finishers as Colombia and Tunisia were unable to reach the last 16, despite Colombia having one win.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Romania

3

2

1

0

4

2

+2

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 England

3

2

0

1

5

2

+3

6

3

 Colombia

3

1

0

2

1

3

−2

3

4

 Tunisia

3

0

1

2

1

4

−3

1

text:
15 June 1998

England
2–0
 Tunisia
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

Romania
1–0
 Colombia
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

22 June 1998

Colombia
1–0
 Tunisia
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

Romania
2–1
 England
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

26 June 1998

Colombia
0–2
 England
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

Romania
1–1
 Tunisia
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

text: Group H[edit]

text: Argentina and World Cup debutants Croatia finished at the top of Group H while Jamaica (another debutant) and 2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosts Japan failed to advance.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Argentina

3

3

0

0

7

0

+7

9

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Croatia

3

2

0

1

4

2

+2

6

3

 Jamaica

3

1

0

2

3

9

−6

3

4

 Japan

3

0

0

3

1

4

−3

0

text:
14 June 1998

Argentina
1–0
 Japan
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

Jamaica
1–3
 Croatia
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

20 June 1998

Japan
0–1
 Croatia
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

21 June 1998

Argentina
5–0
 Jamaica
Parc des Princes, Paris

26 June 1998

Argentina
1–0
 Croatia
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Japan
1–2
 Jamaica
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

text: Knockout stage[edit]

text: The knockout stage comprised the 16 teams that advanced from the group stage of the tournament. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level, there was a penalty shoot-out to determine who progressed to the next round. Golden goal comes into play if a team scores during extra time, thus becoming the winner which concludes the game.

text:
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal                27 June – Paris   Brazil4 3 July – Nantes  Chile1
  Brazil3 28 June – Saint-Denis  Denmark2
  Nigeria1 7 July – Marseille  Denmark4
  Brazil (p)1 (4) 29 June – Toulouse  Netherlands1 (2)
  Netherlands2 4 July – Marseille  Yugoslavia1
  Netherlands2 30 June – St. Étienne  Argentina1
  Argentina (p)2 (4) 12 July – Saint-Denis  England2 (3)
  Brazil0 27 June – Marseille  France3
  Italy1 3 July – Saint-Denis  Norway0
  Italy0 (3) 28 June – Lens  France (p)0 (4)
  France (aet)1 8 July – Saint-Denis  Paraguay0
  France2 29 June – Montpellier  Croatia1
Third place  Germany2 4 July – Lyon11 July – Paris  Mexico1
  Germany0 Netherlands1 30 June – Bordeaux  Croatia3
 Croatia2
  Romania0   Croatia1

text: Round of 16[edit]

text:
Italy

1–0

 Norway

Vieri  18'

Report

text:
Brazil

4–1

 Chile

César Sampaio  11', 27'Ronaldo  45+1' (pen.), 70'

Report

Salas  68'

text:
France

1–0 (a.e.t.)

 Paraguay

Blanc  114'

Report

text:
Nigeria

1–4

 Denmark

Babangida  78'

Report

Møller  3'B. Laudrup  12'Sand  60'Helveg  76'

text:
Germany

2–1

 Mexico

Klinsmann  75'Bierhoff  86'

Report

Hernández  47'

text:
Netherlands

2–1

 Yugoslavia

Bergkamp  38'Davids  90+2'

Report

Komljenović  48'

text:
Romania

0–1

 Croatia

Report

Šuker  45+2' (pen.)

text:
Argentina

2–2 (a.e.t.)

 England

Batistuta  6' (pen.)Zanetti  45+1'

Report

Shearer  10' (pen.)Owen  16'

Penalties

Berti Crespo Verón Gallardo Ayala

4–3

 Shearer Ince Merson Owen Batty

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text:
Italy

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 France

Report

Penalties

R. Baggio Albertini Costacurta Vieri Di Biagio

3–4

 Zidane Lizarazu Trezeguet Henry Blanc

text:
Brazil

3–2

 Denmark

Bebeto  11'Rivaldo  27', 60'

Report

Jørgensen  2'B. Laudrup  50'

text:
Netherlands

2–1

 Argentina

Kluivert  12'Bergkamp  90'

Report

López  17'

text:
Germany

0–3

 Croatia

Report

Jarni  45+3'Vlaović  80'Šuker  85'

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text:
Brazil

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 Netherlands

Ronaldo  46'

Report

Kluivert  87'

Penalties

Ronaldo Rivaldo Emerson Dunga

4–2

 F. de Boer Bergkamp Cocu R. de Boer

text:
France

2–1

 Croatia

Thuram  47', 69'

Report

Šuker  46'

text: Third place play-off[edit]

text: Croatia beat the Netherlands to earn third place in the competition. Davor Šuker scored the winner in the 35th minute to secure the golden boot.[24]

text:
Netherlands

1–2

 Croatia

Zenden  21'

Report

Prosinečki  13'Šuker  35'

text: Final[edit]

text: The final was held on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the second-heaviest World Cup defeat on Brazil,[25] later to be topped by Brazil's 7–1 defeat by Germany in the semi-finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[26]

text: The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off.[27] He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner from which Zidane scored via a header. Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.[28]

text: French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate and commiserate the winners and runners-up respectively after the match.[29] Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect.[30][31]

text:
Brazil

0–3

 France

Report

Zidane  27', 45+1'Petit  90+3'

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: Davor Šuker received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 171 goals were scored by 112 players:

text: Davor Šuker

text:
Gabriel Batistuta
 Christian Vieri

text:
Ronaldo
 Marcelo Salas
 Luis Hernández

text:
Bebeto
 César Sampaio
 Rivaldo
 Thierry Henry
 Oliver Bierhoff
 Jürgen Klinsmann
 Dennis Bergkamp

text:
Ariel Ortega
 Marc Wilmots
 Robert Prosinečki
 Brian Laudrup
 Michael Owen
 Alan Shearer
 Emmanuel Petit
 Lilian Thuram
 Zinedine Zidane
 Roberto Baggio
 Theodore Whitmore
 Ricardo Peláez
 Salaheddine Bassir
 Abdeljalil Hadda
 Phillip Cocu
 Ronald de Boer
 Patrick Kluivert
 Viorel Moldovan
 Shaun Bartlett
 Fernando Hierro
 Fernando Morientes
 Slobodan Komljenović

text:
Claudio López
 Mauricio Pineda
 Javier Zanetti
 Andreas Herzog
 Toni Polster
 Ivica Vastić
 Luc Nilis
 Emil Kostadinov
 Patrick M'Boma
 Pierre Njanka
 José Luis Sierra
 Léider Preciado
 Robert Jarni
 Mario Stanić
 Goran Vlaović
 Thomas Helveg
 Martin Jørgensen
 Michael Laudrup
 Peter Møller
 Allan Nielsen
 Marc Rieper
 Ebbe Sand
 Darren Anderton
 David Beckham
 Paul Scholes
 Laurent Blanc
 Youri Djorkaeff
 Christophe Dugarry
 Bixente Lizarazu
 David Trezeguet
 Andreas Möller
 Mehdi Mahdavikia
 Hamid Estili
 Luigi Di Biagio
 Robbie Earle
 Masashi Nakayama
 Cuauhtémoc Blanco
 Alberto García Aspe
 Mustapha Hadji
 Edgar Davids
 Marc Overmars
 Pierre van Hooijdonk
 Boudewijn Zenden
 Mutiu Adepoju
 Tijani Babangida
 Victor Ikpeba
 Sunday Oliseh
 Wilson Oruma
 Dan Eggen
 Håvard Flo
 Tore André Flo
 Kjetil Rekdal
 Celso Ayala
 Miguel Ángel Benítez
 José Cardozo
 Adrian Ilie
 Dan Petrescu
 Sami Al-Jaber
 Yousuf Al-Thunayan
 Craig Burley
 John Collins
 Benni McCarthy
 Ha Seok-ju
 Yoo Sang-chul
 Kiko
 Luis Enrique
 Raúl
 Skander Souayah
 Brian McBride
 Siniša Mihajlović
 Predrag Mijatović
 Dragan Stojković

text:
Georgi Bachev (against Spain)
 Youssef Chippo (against Norway)
 Tom Boyd (against Brazil)
 Pierre Issa (against France)
 Andoni Zubizarreta (against Nigeria)
 Siniša Mihajlović (against Germany)

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Shoe winner

Golden Ball winner

Yashin Award

FIFA Fair Play Trophy

Most Entertaining Team

 Davor Šuker

 Ronaldo

 Fabien Barthez

 England France

 France

text: Players who were red-carded during the tournament[edit]

text:
Ariel Ortega
 Gert Verheyen
 Anatoli Nankov
 Raymond Kalla
 Lauren
 Rigobert Song
 Miklos Molnar
 Morten Wieghorst
 David Beckham
 Laurent Blanc
 Marcel Desailly
 Zinedine Zidane
 Christian Wörns
 Darryl Powell
 Ha Seok-ju
 Pável Pardo
 Ramón Ramírez
 Patrick Kluivert
 Arthur Numan
 Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi
 Craig Burley
 Alfred Phiri

text: All-star team[edit]

text: The All-star team is a squad consisting of the 16 most impressive players at the 1998 World Cup, as selected by FIFA's Technical Study Group.[32]

text:
Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

 Fabien Barthez
 José Luis Chilavert

 Roberto Carlos
 Marcel Desailly
 Lilian Thuram
 Frank de Boer
 Carlos Gamarra

 Dunga
 Rivaldo
 Michael Laudrup
 Zinedine Zidane
 Edgar Davids

 Ronaldo
 Davor Šuker
 Brian Laudrup
 Dennis Bergkamp

text: Final standings[edit]

text: After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 1998 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition and overall results.[33]

text:
R

Team

G

P

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts.

1
 France
C
7
6
1
0
15
2
+13
19

2
 Brazil
A
7
4
1
2
14
10
+4
13

3
 Croatia
H
7
5
0
2
11
5
+6
15

4
 Netherlands
E
7
3
3
1
13
7
+6
12

Eliminated in the quarter-finals

5
 Italy
B
5
3
2
0
8
3
+5
11

6
 Argentina
H
5
3
1
1
10
4
+6
10

7
 Germany
F
5
3
1
1
8
6
+2
10

8
 Denmark
C
5
2
1
2
9
7
+2
7

Eliminated in the round of 16

9
 England
G
4
2
1
1
7
4
+3
7

10
 Yugoslavia
F
4
2
1
1
5
4
+1
7

11
 Romania
G
4
2
1
1
4
3
+1
7

12
 Nigeria
D
4
2
0
2
6
9
−3
6

13
 Mexico
E
4
1
2
1
8
7
+1
5

14
 Paraguay
D
4
1
2
1
3
2
+1
5

15
 Norway
A
4
1
2
1
5
5
0
5

16
 Chile
B
4
0
3
1
5
8
−3
3

Eliminated in the group stage

17
 Spain
D
3
1
1
1
8
4
+4
4

18
 Morocco
A
3
1
1
1
5
5
0
4

19
 Belgium
E
3
0
3
0
3
3
0
3

20
 Iran
F
3
1
0
2
2
4
−2
3

21
 Colombia
G
3
1
0
2
1
3
−2
3

22
 Jamaica
H
3
1
0
2
3
9
−6
3

23
 Austria
B
3
0
2
1
3
4
−1
2

24
 South Africa
C
3
0
2
1
3
6
−3
2

25
 Cameroon
B
3
0
2
1
2
5
−3
2

26
 Tunisia
G
3
0
1
2
1
4
−3
1

27
 Scotland
A
3
0
1
2
2
6
−4
1

28
 Saudi Arabia
C
3
0
1
2
2
7
−5
1

29
 Bulgaria
D
3
0
1
2
1
7
−6
1

30
 South Korea
E
3
0
1
2
2
9
−7
1

31
 Japan
H
3
0
0
3
1
4
−3
0

32
 United States
F
3
0
0
3
1
5
−4
0

text: Symbols[edit]

text: Mascot[edit]

text: The official mascot was Footix, a rooster first presented in May 1996.[34] It was created by graphic designer Fabrice Pialot and selected from a shortlist of five mascots.[35] Research carried out about the choice of having a cockerel as a mascot was greatly received: 91% associated it immediately with France, the traditional symbol of the nation.[34] Footix, the name chosen by French television viewers, is a portmanteau of "football" and the ending "-ix" from the popular Astérix comic strip.[34] The mascot's colours reflect those of the host nation's flag and home strip – blue for the jump suit, a red crest and with the words 'France 98' coloured in white.

text: Official song[edit]

text: The official song of the 1998 FIFA World Cup was "The Cup of Life," aka "La Copa de la Vida" recorded by Ricky Martin.[36][37]

text: Match ball[edit]

text: The match ball for the 1998 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas was named the Tricolore, meaning 'three-coloured' in French.[38] It was the eighth World Cup match ball made for the tournament by the German company and was the first in the series to be multi-coloured.[39] The tricolour flag and cockerel, traditional symbols of France were used as inspiration for the design.[39]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: The sponsors of the 1998 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and France Supporters.[40][41]

text:
FIFA World Cup sponsors
France Supporters

Adidas[42][43]
Budweiser
Canon[44][45]
Casio[46]
Coca-Cola[47][48]
Fujifilm[49][43]
Gillette[50][47] (Braun)[51]
JVC[52][53]
EDS
MasterCard[54][55]
McDonald's[56][57]
Opel[58][59]
Philips[54][59]
Snickers[43][60]

Air France
Citroën
Crédit Agricole[61]
France Telecom[62]
La Poste[63]
Peugeot
Renault

text: The absence of Budweiser (which was one of the sponsors in the previous two World Cups) is notable due to the Evin law, which forbids alcohol-related sponsorship in France, including in sports events (and thus, being replaced by Casio).[64]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text:
FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 1998 FIFA World Cup to many broadcasters. In the UK BBC and ITV had the broadcasting rights.
The pictures and audio of the competition were supplied to the TV and radio channels by the company TVRS 98, the broadcaster of the tournament.[65]

text: The World Cup matches were broadcast in 200 countries. 818 photographers were credited for the tournament. In every match, a stand was reserved for the press. The number of places granted to them reached its maximum in the final, when 1,750 reporters and 110 TV commentators were present in the stand.[66]

text: Video games[edit]

text: The official video game, World Cup 98 was released by EA Sports on 13 March 1998 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and the Game Boy. It was the first international football game developed by Electronic Arts since obtaining the rights from FIFA in 1997 and received mostly favourable reviews.[67][68][69]

text: Many other video games, including International Superstar Soccer 98, World League Soccer 98, Actua Soccer 2 and Neo Geo Cup '98: The Road to the Victory were released in the buildup to the 1998 World Cup and evidently were based on the tournament. FIFA: Road to World Cup 98, also by EA Sports focused on the qualification stage.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Honorary FIFA President João Havelange praised France's hosting of the World Cup, describing the tournament as one that would "remain with me forever, as I am sure they will remain with everyone who witnessed this unforgettable competition".[70] Lennart Johansson, the chairman of the organising committee for the World Cup and President of UEFA added that France provided "subject matter of a quality that made the world hold its breath".[71]

text: Cour des Comptes, the quasi-judicial body of the French government released its report on the organisation of the 1998 World Cup in 2000.[72]


document_title: Sam Maguire Cup

question_text: when did cork last win the sam maguire

question_tokens: when did cork last win the sam maguire

text: Sam Maguire Cup

text: History[edit]

text: The Cup is named after Sam Maguire, an influential figure in the London GAA and a former footballer.[2] A group of his friends formed a committee in Dublin under the chairmanship of Dr Pat McCartan from Carrickmore, County Tyrone, to raise funds for a permanent commemoration of his name. They decided on a cup to be presented to the GAA. The Association were proud to accept the Cup. At the time it cost £300. In today's terms that sum is equivalent to €25,392. The cup is modelled on the Ardagh Chalice and the commission to make it was given to Hopkins and Hopkins, a jewellers and watchmakers of O'Connell Bridge, Dublin.

text: The silver cup was crafted, on behalf of Hopkins and Hopkins, by the silversmith Matthew J. Staunton of D'Olier Street, Dublin. Maitiú Standun, Staunton’s son, confirmed in a letter printed in the Alive! newspaper in October 2003 that his father had indeed made the original Sam Magiure Cup back in 1928.

text:
Matthew J. Staunton (1888–1966) came from a long line of silversmiths going back to the Huguenots, who brought their skills to Ireland in the 1600s. Matt, as he was known to his friends, served his time under the renowned Dublin silversmith, Edmond Johnson, who made the Liam MacCarthy Hurling Cup in 1921.
The 1928 Sam Maguire Cup is a faithful copy of the Ardagh Chalice. The bowl was not spun on a spinning lathe but hand-beaten from a single flat piece of silver. Even though it is highly polished, multiple hammer marks are still visible today, indicating the manufacturing process.

text: Kildare was the first county to win the "Sam Maguire Cup" in 1928 after defeating Cavan 2-6 to 2-5. The original trophy was retired in 1988 as it had received some damage over the years. The GAA commissioned a replica from Kilkenny-based silversmith Desmond A. Byrne and the replica is the trophy that has been used ever since. The original Sam Maguire Cup is permanently on display in the GAA's museum at Croke Park. In 2010 the GAA asked the same silversmith to produce another replica of the trophy (the third Sam Maguire Cup) although this was to be used only for marketing purposes.[3] Meath's Joe Cassells was the first recipient of "Sam Óg". Meath have the distinction of being the last team to lift the old Sam Maguire and the first team to lift the new one following their back-to-back victories in 1987 & 1988.

text: Since the cup was first played for in the All Ireland final of 1928 Kerry have won it 30 times (7 All Ireland wins before 1928), Dublin are next with 13 wins (14 All Ireland wins before 1928), Galway have won it 8 times (1 All Ireland win before 1928), Meath have won it 7 times and Cork 5 times (2 All Ireland wins before 1928).

text: Only nine men have won the trophy twice as captain.  They are; Joe Barrett (Kerry), Jimmy Murray (Roscommon), J. J. O'Reilly (Cavan), Seán Flanagan (Mayo), Enda Colleran (Galway), Tony Hanahoe (Dublin) Declan O'Sullivan (Kerry), Brian Dooher (Tyrone) and Stephen Cluxton (Dublin) being the only captain to lift it three times.

text: Past winners[edit]

text: The Sam Maguire Cup was first presented to the winning team in 1928.[1]

text:
2017: Dublin 1-17 Mayo 1-16
 2016: Dublin 1-15 Mayo 1-14
2015: Dublin 0-12 Kerry 0-9
2014: Kerry 2-09 Donegal 0-12
2013: Dublin 2-12 Mayo 1-14
2012: Donegal 2-11 Mayo 0-13
2011: Dublin 1-12 Kerry 1-11
2010: Cork 0-16 Down 0-15
2009: Kerry 0-16 Cork 1-09
2008: Tyrone 1-15 Kerry 0-14
2007: Kerry 3-13 Cork 1-9
2006: Kerry 4-15 Mayo 3-5
2005: Tyrone 1-16 Kerry 2-10
2004: Kerry 1-20 Mayo 2-9
2003: Tyrone 0-12 Armagh 0-9
2002: Armagh 1-12 Kerry 0-14
2001: Galway 0-17 Meath 0-8
2000: Kerry 0-17 Galway 1-10
1999: Meath 1-11 Cork 1-8
1998: Galway 1-14 Kildare 1-10
1997: Kerry 0-13 Mayo 1-7
1996: Meath 2-9 Mayo 1-11
1995: Dublin 1-10 Tyrone 0-12
1994: Down 1-12 Dublin 0-13
1993: Derry 1-14 Cork 2-8
1992: Donegal 0-18 Dublin 0-14
1991: Down 1-16 Meath 1-14
1990: Cork 0-11 Meath 0-9
1989: Cork 0-17 Mayo 1-11
1988: Meath 0-13 Cork 0-12
1987: Meath 1-14 Cork 0-11
1986: Kerry 2-15 Tyrone 1-10
1985: Kerry 2-12 Dublin 2-8
1984: Kerry 0-14 Dublin 1-6
1983: Dublin 1-10 Galway 1-8
1982: Offaly 1-15 Kerry 0-17
1981: Kerry 1-12 Offaly 0-8
1980: Kerry 1-9 Roscommon 1-6
1979: Kerry 3-13 Dublin 1-8
1978: Kerry 5-11 Dublin 0-9
1977: Dublin 5-12 Armagh 3-6
1976: Dublin 3-8 Kerry 0-10
1975: Kerry 2-12 Dublin 0-11
1974: Dublin 0-14 Galway 1-6
1973: Cork 3-17 Galway 2-13
1972: Offaly 1-19 Kerry 0-13
1971: Offaly 1-14 Galway 2-8
1970: Kerry 2-19 Meath 0-18
1969: Kerry 0-10 Offaly 0-7
1968: Down 2-12 Kerry 1-13
1967: Meath 1-9 Cork 0-9
1966: Galway 1-10 Meath 0-7
1965: Galway 0-12 Kerry 0-9
1964: Galway 0-15 Kerry 0-10
1963: Dublin 1-9 Galway 0-10
1962: Kerry 1-12 Roscommon 1-6
1961: Down 3-6 Offaly 2-8
1960: Down 2-10 Kerry 0-8
1959: Kerry 3-7 Galway 1-4
1958: Dublin 2-12 Derry 1-9
1957: Louth 1-9 Cork 1-7
1956: Galway 2-13 Cork 3-7
1955: Kerry 0-12 Dublin 1-6
1954: Meath 1-13 Kerry 1-7
1953: Kerry 0-13 Armagh 1-6
1952: Cavan 0-9 Meath 0-5
1951: Mayo 2-8 Meath 0-9
1950: Mayo 2-5 Louth 1-6
1949: Meath 1-10 Cavan 1-6
1948: Cavan 4-5 Mayo 4-4
1947: Cavan 2-11 Kerry 2-7
1946: Kerry 2-8 Roscommon 0-10
1945: Cork 2-5 Cavan 0-7
1944: Roscommon 1-9 Kerry 2-4
1943: Roscommon 2-7 Cavan 2-2
1942: Dublin 1-10 Galway 1-8
1941: Kerry 1-8 Galway 0-7
1940: Kerry 0-7 Galway 1-3
1939: Kerry 2-5 Meath 2-3
1938: Galway 2-4 Kerry 0-7
1937: Kerry 4-4 Cavan 1-7
1936: Mayo 4-11 Laois 0-5
1935: Cavan 3-6 Kildare 2-5
1934: Galway 3-5 Dublin 1-9
1933: Cavan 2-5 Galway 1-4
1932: Kerry 2-7 Mayo 2-4
1931: Kerry 1-11 Kildare 0-8
1930: Kerry 3-11 Monaghan 0-2
1929: Kerry 1-8 Kildare 1-5
1928: Kildare 2-6 Cavan 2-5