document_title: A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)

question_text: who is the narrator in series of unfortunate events

text: Premise[edit]

text: When a mysterious fire kills their parents, the Baudelaire children are informed of this terrible news by their executor Arthur Poe and are placed into the care of their distant relative Count Olaf, an actor who is determined to claim the family fortune for himself. Following Olaf's failed attempt and his plot being exposed, the Baudelaires set out to elude Olaf and his followers while uncovering the mystery behind a secret society from their parents' past as they are placed in the custody of different guardians.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Neil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf,[4] an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised.
Patrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket,[5] the narrator tasked with explaining the events during the lives of the Baudelaires.
Malina Weissman as Violet Baudelaire,[6] the eldest Baudelaire sibling and an inventor talented in mechanics.
Louis Hynes as Klaus Baudelaire,[6] the middle Baudelaire child, interested in literature and books.
K. Todd Freeman as Arthur Poe,[7] the family banker at Mulctuary Money Management and executor of the Baudelaire parents who is in charge of placing the Baudelaires in the care of a suitable guardian.
Presley Smith as Sunny Baudelaire,[8] the infant child of the Baudelaires with unnaturally strong teeth. Tara Strong provides Sunny's babbling sound effects, the meaning of which is often translated in subtitles.[9]
Lucy Punch as Esmé Squalor, a wealthy financial advisor, who becomes an ally and love interest for Count Olaf.[10]
Avi Lake as Isadora Quagmire,[11] Duncan and Quigley's sister who loves writing poetry.
Dylan Kingwell as Duncan Quagmire, Isadora's brother. Duncan is a keen journalist.[11]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Will Arnett as Father,[12][13] a man who is trying to return home to his three children.
Cobie Smulders as Mother,[13] a woman who is trying to return home to her three children.
Usman Ally as the Hook-Handed Man,[14] a member of Count Olaf's theatre troupe with hooks instead of hands.
Matty Cardarople as the Henchperson of Indeterminate Gender,[14] a member of Count Olaf's theatre troupe who doesn't have a specific gender.
Cleo King as Eleanora Poe, Arthur Poe's wife and the editor-in-chief of The Daily Punctilio who loves pursuing sensationalist headlines.
John DeSantis as the Bald Man,[15] a tall bald-headed man who is another member of Count Olaf's theatre troupe.
Jacqueline and Joyce Robbins as the White-Faced Women,[14] two elderly twins who are members of Count Olaf's theatre troupe.
Sara Canning as Jacquelyn, Mr. Poe's standoffish assistant and a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society. She possesses a spyglass.
Patrick Breen as Larry Your-Waiter, a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society who is seen working as a waiter at various establishments the Baudelaires visit including the Anxious Clown, Prufrock Preparatory's cafeteria, and Café Salmonella.
Sara Rue as Olivia Caliban, a librarian at Prufrock Preparatory School who later enlists as a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society when she becomes invested in the Baudelaires' plight and even becomes the latest Madame Lulu.[10][16][17]
Nathan Fillion as Jacques Snicket, the dashing adventurer brother of Lemony Snicket who enlists Olivia Caliban to help the Baudelaires.[10]

text: Guest[edit]

text: Introduced in season 1[edit]

text:
Joan Cusack as Justice Strauss,[18] a judge and Count Olaf's neighbor who helps the Baudelaires and is hopeful to adopt them.
Luke Camilleri as Gustav Sebald,[14] a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society and Monty's former assistant who made some films that had certain codes in it.
Aasif Mandvi as Montgomery "Uncle Monty" Montgomery,[19] a distant relative of the Baudelaires and enthusiastic herpetologist who claims to have spent his childhood with their late parents. He is a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society and possesses a spyglass.
Matthew Walker as the Ticket Seller, an unnamed Ticket Seller at Tedia's movie theater who is a friend of Montgomery and a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society. Mark Kandborg portrays him in a flashback seen in "The Carnivorous Carnival" Pt. 1.
Alfre Woodard as Aunt Josephine Anwhistle,[20] a distant relative of the Baudelaires at Lake Lachrymose who has many rational and irrational fears since the loss of her husband Ike and a love of grammar. She is a member of the Baudelaire family's secret society.
Don Johnson as Sir,[21] the cigar-smoking owner of Lucky Smells Lumbermill.
Catherine O'Hara as Georgina Orwell,[22] an optometrist and Count Olaf's ex-girlfriend who hypnotizes the Lucky Smells Lumbermill workers so they never leave, also causing them to believe the Baudelaire parents set fire to Paltryville. O'Hara previously portrayed Justice Strauss in the 2004 film adaptation.
Rhys Darby as Charles,[12] Sir's partner who is friendly towards the Baudelaires.
Timothy Webber as Jimmy, a worker at Lucky Smells Lumbermill.
Chris Gauthier as Phil, an optimistic worker who befriends the Baudelaires during their stay at the Lucky Smells Lumbermill.
Loretta Walsh as Norma Rae, a worker at Lucky Smells Lumbermill.
Trent Redekop as Cesar, a worker at Lucky Smells Lumbermill.

text: Daniel Handler cameos as a fish head salesperson at Lake Lachrymose. Barry Sonnenfeld does a picture cameo as the late Ike Anwhistle in "The Wide Window" and appears as him in a flashback scene in "The Carnivorous Carnival" Pt. 1.[citation needed]

text: Introduced in season 2[edit]

text:
Barry Sonnenfeld as the voice of Mr. Tammerlane, a person that Arthur Poe talks to on the phone.
Roger Bart as Nero Feint, the violin-playing vice-principal of Prufrock Preparatory School and struggling musician with an egotistic personality, a talent for mimicking what someone says in a high voice, and a love for excessive punishments.[10]
Kitana Turnbull as Carmelita Spats, an obnoxious, tutu-wearing student at Prufrock Preparatory School.[23]
Bronwen Smith as Miss Tench, Prufrock Preparatory School's gym teacher who is replaced in the post by a disguised Count Olaf while on her way back to Prufrock Preparatory School with the pep squad and the sports team.[17]
Malcolm Stewart as Mr. Remora, a teacher at Prufrock Preparatory School who specializes in teaching his personal anecdotes and is always seen eating a banana.[17]
BJ Harrison as Mrs. Bass, a teacher at Prufrock Preparatory School who specializes in measuring objects. She later becomes a bank robber.[17]
Tony Hale as Jerome Squalor, the timid husband of Esmé Squalor.[10]
Sage Brocklebank as Doorman, an unnamed doorman who works at 667 Dark Avenue.
Ithamar Enriquez as Hector, a skittish handyman and citizen of the Village of Fowl Devotees who befriends the Baudelaires.[16]
Mindy Sterling as Elder Anabelle, a member of the Village of Fowl Devotees' Council of Elders who often quotes "silence" when a non-police officer and/or a non-banker consultant attempts to violate the "No one may talk while on the platform" rule.[17]
Carol Mansell as Elder Jemma, a soft-spoken member of the Village of Fowl Devotees' Council of Elders.[17]
Ken Jenkins as Elder Sam, a gruff-speaking member of the Village of Fowl Devotees' Council of Elders.[17]
Lossen Chambers as Mrs. Morrow, an inhabitant of the Village of Fowl Devotees that wears a pink robe.
Kevin Chamberlin as Mr. Lesko, an inhabitant of the Village of Fowl Devotees that wears plaid pants.
Serge Houde as Milt, the shopkeeper of the Last Chance General Store in the Hinterlands.
Gabe Khouth as Lou, the newspaper delivery boy who brings the Daily Punctilio's newspapers to the Last Chance General Store.
John Bobek as the bearded leader of the Volunteers Fighting Disease.[17]
Lauren McGibbon as the perky member of the Volunteers Fighting Disease.
Kerri Kenney-Silver as Babs, the Head of Human Resources and Hospital Administration at Heimlich Hospital.[17]
David Alan Grier as Hal, a visually-disabled file clerk who is employed in the Library of Records at Heimlich Hospital.[24]
Robbie Amell as Kevin, an ambidextrous "freak" who works at Caligari Carnival.[25]
Kevin Cahoon as Hugo, a hunchbacked "freak" who works at Caligari Carnival.[17]
Bonnie Morgan as Colette, a contortionist "freak" who works at Caligari Carnival.[17]
David Burtka as Mr. Willums, a heckler with a pimpled chin who attends Caligari Carnival. He is based on The Man With Pimples On His Chin from "The Carnivorous Carnival" book.[26]
Jill Morrison as Mrs. Willums, the wife of Mr. Willums.
Harper and Gideon Burtka-Harris as Trixie and Skip Willums, the children of Mr. Willums.[27]
Allison Williams as an as-yet-unidentified woman who arrives to see the Caligari Carnival engulfed in flames.[28]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally released18January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)210March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text: The first season adapts the first four books of the novel series: The Bad Beginning, The Reptile Room, The Wide Window and The Miserable Mill.[29]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date11"The Bad Beginning: Part One"[a]Barry SonnenfeldDaniel HandlerJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire receive the news that their parents have perished in a house fire from well-meaning but inept banker Arthur Poe. While exploring the ruins, Klaus finds a broken spyglass with an insignia of an eye embedded on the front. Shortly afterwards, they are sent to live with their distant relative Count Olaf, a cruel and vain amateur actor, who forces them into servitude. One night, the siblings prepare puttanesca for Olaf's theatre troupe only for him to demand roast beef upon arriving home. The children state that they were never asked to prepare roast beef, angering Olaf and prompting him to slap Klaus across the face when he protests about the sleeping arrangements. Meanwhile, a mother and father are held against their will by a mysterious captor.
22"The Bad Beginning: Part Two"[a]Barry SonnenfeldDaniel HandlerJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
The Baudelaires attempt to convince Mr. Poe of Olaf's actions, only to be sent away when Poe dismisses their claims. When Olaf gives Violet the starring role in his latest theatrical production, which ends with the two main characters being married, the siblings realize that Olaf intends to acquire their fortune by marrying Violet for real. Klaus confronts Olaf, who threatens to kill Sunny if Violet doesn't follow through with his plans. At the very last minute, however, Violet signs the marriage certificate with her left hand, invalidating the proceedings due to the fact that she is right-handed. Mr. Poe's mysterious secretary Jacquelyn reveals they were intended to be put in the care of their distant relative Montgomery Montgomery. Meanwhile, Jacquelyn's ally Gustav is mysteriously drowned, after being hit by a poisoned dart.
33"The Reptile Room: Part One"Mark PalanskyDaniel HandlerJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
The Baudelaires are sent to live with their herpetologist uncle Montgomery Montgomery, who has recently come across a reptile he calls the Incredibly Deadly Viper. While attempting to learn more about Montgomery, Klaus discovers that the hedge maze in Montgomery's garden is exactly the same shape as the tattoo on Olaf's ankle. Olaf poses as Montgomery's new assistant Stephano and attempts to kidnap the Baudelaires, but Monty assures the Baudelaires that he recognizes Stephano as a threat. The four arrive at a movie theatre, where Monty deciphers a code sent for him through the subtitles of the film, using a spyglass identical to Klaus'. The message instructs him to bring the children to Peru. He fires Stephano shortly afterwards, believing him to be a spy sent to steal his research.
44"The Reptile Room: Part Two"Mark PalanskyEmily FoxJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
Immediately after dismissing "Stephano," Montgomery notices that the door to his Reptile Room is ajar and investigates, only to be attacked by an unseen figure. The next day, the Baudelaires discover Olaf standing next to Montgomery's corpse. Olaf threatens to kill Sunny unless the siblings accompany him to Peru, but is prevented from carrying out his plan when Mr. Poe accidentally crashes into their car when they are trying to leave. Olaf's theatre troupe then arrives disguised as police and nurses, and claim Monty was killed by the Incredibly Deadly Viper, despite Monty's claim of it being completely harmless. While searching for proof of the snake's innocence, Klaus discovers a statue in Monty's hedge maze, and a photograph of Monty, both of them carrying spyglasses identical to Klaus'. Violet proves Olaf to be the murderer; however, he escapes via the hedge maze with Klaus' spyglass. While pursuing him, the Baudelaires meet Jacquelyn, who is posing as a statue. She tells them to seek answers on the spyglasses from their Aunt Josephine while she hunts down Olaf via underground passageways.
55"The Wide Window: Part One"Barry SonnenfeldDaniel HandlerJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
Mr. Poe takes the Baudelaires to live with their Aunt Josephine, an irrationally frightened woman who lives in a dilapidated house overlooking Lake Lachrymose. She refuses to answer questions about their parents, so the siblings pursue answers themselves around her house, and discover their parents were members of a secret organization, with spyglasses being used as useful devices. They are also shocked to find out that Josephine was once fierce and formidable, and developed her phobias after the death of her husband. Olaf, who has followed the Baudelaires, disguises himself as a sailor named Captain Sham before pretending to fall in love with Josephine. Despite the siblings' warnings, Josephine accepts his invitation to take her out for a fried egg sandwich. Later that night, the siblings discover that Josephine has jumped out the library's bay window and left a note informing them that "Captain Sham" is their new guardian.
66"The Wide Window: Part Two"Barry SonnenfeldDaniel HandlerJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
As Mr. Poe prepares to hand the Baudelaires over to "Captain Sham," the siblings discover the note has several grammatical errors, something Josephine would never do since she was obsessed with proper grammar. Mr. Poe takes the children to a restaurant and prepares to complete the transfer, but allows the siblings to leave after Larry, a waiter secretly a member of their parents' organization, triggers their allergy to peppermint. After returning to the house, the siblings decipher Josephine's suicide note and discover she is still alive moments before a hurricane sends the house teetering over the cliff. Escaping with a photograph of their parents standing in front of a lumber mill, the siblings find Josephine at a nearby cave, only to be confronted by Olaf, who abandons Josephine to be eaten alive by the leeches that inhabit Lake Lachrymose. Upon returning to shore, Olaf escapes after being unmasked in front of Mr. Poe while the Baudelaires sneak away and set out to find the lumber mill in the photograph.
77"The Miserable Mill: Part One"Bo WelchJoe TraczJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
Upon arriving at the Lucky Smells Lumber Mill, the Baudelaires are forced to work by the owner Sir, who blames their parents for starting a fire that destroyed the entire town. While investigating the workers' unnaturally happy behavior, Klaus' glasses are broken by the Hook-Handed Man posing as Foreman Flacutono, and he visits local optometrist Georgina Orwell, who puts him into a hypnotic trance. Later that day, the siblings learn that two visitors are waiting to see them. Believing that their parents are still alive, the three are shocked to instead find Orwell and her receptionist "Shirley St. Ives," who is a poorly-disguised Olaf. Meanwhile, the mother and father who were previously held captive are revealed to be the parents of the Quagmire triplets, with whom they are reunited.
88"The Miserable Mill: Part Two"Bo WelchTatiana Suarez-PicoJanuary 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
The Baudelaires discover the entire mill is under a hypnotic trance, ensuring they do not leave their jobs. Orwell and Olaf use a still-hypnotized Klaus to murder Sir's aide Charles, but Violet figures out how to break everyone's trance in the nick of time. The workers then storm the mill, causing Orwell to fall into the furnace and die. Sir escapes in the chaos while Count Olaf and the Hook-Handed Man get away. Charles reveals the truth about the Baudelaires' role in the town, where they actually helped to fight the fire. The three siblings are reunited with Mr. Poe, and Jacquelyn sends Klaus the broken spyglass that Olaf stole from him. Poe then sends the three siblings to a dreary boarding school, which two of the three Quagmire siblings are also sent to, due to their house being burnt down by an unknown woman. The Quagmires' parents are revealed to be members of the organization. In the final scene, Lemony Snicket, Count Olaf, the Baudelaires and Mr. Poe sing the song "That's Not How the Story Goes."

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text: The second season adapts books five through nine of the novel series: The Austere Academy, The Ersatz Elevator, The Vile Village, The Hostile Hospital, and The Carnivorous Carnival.[32]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitle [b]Directed byWritten byOriginal release date91"The Austere Academy: Part 1"Barry SonnenfeldDaniel HandlerMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
The Baudelaires are introduced to life at Prufrock Preparatory School, an unpleasant institution run by an unpleasant vice-principal named Nero and terrorized by an equally unpleasant student named Carmelita Spats. The school's only redeeming qualities are its friendly librarian Olivia Caliban and the surviving Quagmire triplets Duncan and Isadora. During a lunch break, Klaus and Isadora discover that they are holding two halves of the same spyglass. The newfound friends quickly realize that they must track down a book on secret organizations to find the answers they seek—a book Jacquelyn sent Larry to give them, but which he carelessly misplaced. Meanwhile, Count Olaf and his troupe lurk around the grounds of the school, unable to enter the front doors due to an advanced computer system programmed by Nero to detect Olaf's presence. However, with Carmelita's help, Olaf finally gains entry and locks Larry in the cafeteria's walk-in refrigerator. He then dons his latest disguise: the school's new turban-wearing gym teacher named Coach Genghis.
102"The Austere Academy: Part 2"Barry SonnenfeldJoe TraczMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
Olaf is able to convince Nero to put the Baudelaires under a grueling exercise program, making the siblings run endless laps at night to prevent them from scheming against him, while also causing them to perform poorly in class from lack of sleep. Due to their slumping grades, Nero threatens to expel the Baudelaires if they fail a comprehensive exam to be given in front of the entire school, but because they must still exercise under Olaf's program, they know they will likely fail. The Quagmires offer to help, and that night take their place during exercises; however, their identity is discovered, and while hiding in the library, they find the copy of the book on secret organizations and read up on the purpose of the spyglass before they are caught by the Hook-Handed Man. The next day, with Mr. Poe in attendance, the Baudelaires readily pass the exam, and through it reveal Olaf's identity. Olaf and his gang then escape with the Quagmires, who try to shout the initials "V.F.D." from the backseat of Olaf's car. Meanwhile, Larry is rescued from the refrigerator with the help of Lemony's brother, Jacques, while Olivia walks off with the book on secret organizations that the Quagmires left behind.
113"The Ersatz Elevator: Part 1"Bo WelchDaniel HandlerMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
While a citywide manhunt for Count Olaf is underway, Mr. Poe takes the Baudelaires to the penthouse of Jerome Squalor and his trendy financial advisor wife Esmé. While being introduced to the Squalors, they find Olaf has already arrived, posing as a foreign auctioneer named Gunther. The Baudelaires theorize that Olaf is trying to kill Jerome so that he can marry Esmé and become their legal guardian again. They search the penthouse for the Quagmires to no avail, but Klaus becomes suspicious of an extra elevator that only seems to serve the penthouse. Meanwhile, Olivia tries to convince Mr. Poe about Olaf's scheme, which leads Jacquelyn to contact Jacques, who enlists her into their society. Esmé suggests they go out for lunch at a fashionable salmon-themed restaurant Cafe Salmonella, where Larry works to prolong their visit, giving Jacques and Olivia time to search the Squalor's building for the Quagmires. When the Baudelaires manage to sneak away and examine the second elevator, they learn that it is merely an empty shaft. With a makeshift parachute, they descend it to find the Quagmires locked in a cage at its bottom.
124"The Ersatz Elevator: Part 2"Bo WelchDaniel HandlerMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
The Baudelaires do not have the tools to free the Quagmires, so they ascend the shaft by turning the parachute into a hot-air balloon. They try to warn Esmé of Olaf's scheme, but learn too late that she is in cahoots with him and that they are planning to smuggle the Quagmires out of the city. Esmé pushes them down the elevator shaft, where they are caught in a net midway down. Sunny helps them to escape safely, and afterwards they find a secret passage that leads to the ashen ruins of their home. At the auction in Veblen Hall, the Baudelaires start a bidding war on a box labeled "V.F.D.", which they believe contains the Quagmires. Though they win the item, they find the box contains only doilies. In the aftermath, Olaf and his troupe escape with the Quagmires, who are hidden inside a red herring statue. The Baudelaires ask Jerome to help track down Olaf, but he is far too timid to do so, and gives up his guardianship of them. Mr. Poe tells the children that a village with the initials "V.F.D." is willing to raise them.
135"The Vile Village: Part 1"Barry SonnenfeldSigrid GilmerMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
Mr. Poe drops the Baudelaires off at the Village of Fowl Devotees, where the whole community will care for them collectively. The Baudelaires take up residence with Hector, a kindly handyman prone to fainting spells who is secretly building a self-sustaining hot-air mobile home. The Baudelaires soon begin finding clues written by the Quagmires themselves. Olaf, Esmé, and the troupe also arrive at the village, with Esmé disguising herself as the town's new chief of police. Jacques and Olivia also arrive and detain Olaf at the local jailhouse; the next day, the villagers learn of Olaf's capture and hold a town hall meeting, where Olaf appears in the disguise of Detective Dupin, tricking everyone into believing Jacques is Olaf. Jacques is sentenced to death, but Olivia convinces Esmé to free her and Jacques in exchange for the location of the Sugar Bowl, an object with ties to Esmé's past. Jacques stays behind to confront Olaf; however, the villain is unfazed by Jacques' offer of a truce, and he and Esmé incapacitate and kill him. The next morning, as the Baudelaires try to break into the jail to rescue Jacques, they are informed that "Olaf" has been murdered.
146"The Vile Village: Part 2"Barry SonnenfeldSigrid GilmerMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
The disguised Olaf and Esmé quickly convince Mr. Poe and the town that the Baudelaires murdered Jacques/"Olaf," and they are promptly condemned to be burned at the stake. While in jail, the children instruct Hector to prepare his hot-air mobile home to help them escape. While Violet creates a battering ram to weaken the jail wall, Klaus deduces from their clues that the Quagmires are hidden inside a crow fountain in the village square. Larry and Jacquelyn arrive on the scene to distract the villagers long enough for the children to escape via a fire truck and follow Hector. The Baudelaires cover for the Quagmires as they use the truck's ladder to climb aboard the mobile home. As they do so, Olaf, Esmé, and the villagers arrive, and Esmé begins damaging Hector's home with a harpoon gun. Realizing their danger, the Baudelaires tell Hector to escape with the Quagmires. In thanks, the Quagmires try to throw their friends their notes about the secrets of V.F.D., but Esmé shoots them with a harpoon, scattering the pages and harming a crow. While the villagers accost the disguised villains over the injured bird, the Baudelaires collect as many of the ruined pages as they can and make their escape.
157"The Hostile Hospital: Part 1"Allan ArkushJoshua ConkelMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
The Baudelaires hitch a ride with volunteer singing candy stripers heading to Heimlich Hospital. They learn that there is a Library of Records that collects and stores esoterica. After sneaking past the hospital's administrator Babs, they meet Hal, the man who runs the library. He welcomes their help, but forbids them to read material in storage. While Hal shows them the ropes, a film reel labeled "Snicket" arrives and catches the children's attention. Meanwhile, believing the Sugar Bowl to be in the hospital, Olaf and his troupe infiltrate the building. Desperate for answers, the children are forced to steal Hal's keys to access the library, where they find the film. It contains a debriefing of Jacques by a V.F.D. volunteer, with Jacques informing the interviewer that someone has survived a fire, which may or may not be the one that killed the Baudelaire's parents. However, before they can watch any further, they are interrupted by Esmé; as they try to escape, the library is ruined. Violet is captured by Olaf while Klaus and Sunny hide in a chute, in possession of the film.
168"The Hostile Hospital: Part 2"Allan ArkushJoshua ConkelMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
Olaf and Esmé hide Violet under a false name; to find her, Klaus disguises himself as "Dr. Faustus," with Sunny hidden in a sling underneath his coat. They eventually deduce which room Violet is in, but this is a trap laid by Olaf, who forces Klaus to operate on Violet inside an operating theater. Esmé promises to call off the scheme if Klaus can give her what he stole from the Library of Records, and he does so—only, it's not the Sugar Bowl that she has been searching for. Olaf, however, is interested in the Snicket film, and dashes off to watch it to learn its secret. Furious at its revelations, he burns the film, which also starts a fire in the hospital. The Baudelaires successfully evacuate the hospital and realize that their only chance to escape safely is in the trunk of Olaf's car. Hal is left depressed over the loss of the Library of Records. Elsewhere, an unknown person recovers the Sugar Bowl from the burning hospital.
179"Carnivorous Carnival: Part 1"[c]Loni PeristereJoe TraczMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
A flashback to a masked ball at the V.F.D. headquarters shows Lemony trying to warn Beatrice about Olaf. In the present, Olaf and his troupe arrive at the Caligari Carnival to speak with its fortune-teller, Madame Lulu, about the fire's survivor. Lulu, who is really Olivia in disguise, tells them to wait for the answer in the morning. The Baudelaires overhear this, and hoping to speak to Lulu as well, assume the identities of circus freaks, with Violet and Klaus as a two-headed person and Sunny as a wolf child. After calling V.F.D., Olivia is able to tell Olaf the next day that one of the Baudelaire parents did indeed survive the fire. Olaf then presents a freak show that proves disastrous, so he sets off to find a pack of roaming lions to help attract a larger crowd. This gives an opportunity for the children to sneak into Lulu's tent, where they discover films, books, and disguises belonging to the Volunteer Fire Department—the secret organization their parents and guardians belonged to. Olivia then appears and reveals her true identity to them.
1810"Carnivorous Carnival: Part 2"[c]Loni PeristereJoe TraczMarch 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
Olivia explains to the Baudelaires that "Madame Lulu" is an alias used by V.F.D. agents to gather information. While Olivia admits she had to lie to Olaf about one of the children's parents surviving the fire, Jacques had asserted that there was a survivor, and they should head to the V.F.D. headquarters in the Mortmain Mountains to find them. Meanwhile, Olaf plans to throw one of the freaks into a pit filled with the hungry lions he has corralled, while Esmé connives to have Lulu killed. The next day, Olaf selects Violet and Klaus for the pit. When Olivia is told to push the children to the lions, she instead pushes them to safety, and is sent tumbling into the pit by Olaf for her troubles. As the children try to collect the V.F.D. materials from Lulu's tent, Olaf arrives and forces them to burn the tent down. Then, after placing Violet and Klaus in a towed caravan and taking Sunny in his car, Olaf has the other freaks cut the towing rope on a steep mountain path. At the same time, the last operative to pose as Madame Lulu arrives at the burning carnival as Lemony Snicket claims that she is someone he knows.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: The third season will adapt the final four books of the novel series[32] in seven episodes: The Slippery Slope, The Grim Grotto and The Penultimate Peril will be adapted into two episodes each, and The End will conclude the series with a longer single episode.[35] Barry Sonnenfeld will direct the episodes for The Penultimate Peril.[35] Liza Johnson and Jonathan Teplitzky will also direct episodes in the season.[36][37][38]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The thirteen A Series of Unfortunate Events novels, written by Daniel Handler under the pen name Lemony Snicket from 1999 to 2006, achieved success in young adult fiction around the same time as the Harry Potter novels. As such, the Snicket books had been optioned to be filmed before they were published.[39] This led to the development of a 2004 feature film, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, which covered the narratives of the first three novels in the series. Barry Sonnenfeld, who has expressed his love for the series, was originally slated to direct the feature film, and had hired Handler to write the screenplay.[40] About 10 months into production, shortly after the casting of Jim Carrey as Olaf, there was a "big crisis", according to Handler, which caused producer Scott Rudin to walk away and Sonnenfeld left the production under unclear terms.[39] With the film's completion in flux, its producing studios Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks fired Handler. While the film was eventually completed and released, sequels which would adapt the other novels in the series became unlikely due to "corporate shakeups" within DreamWorks, according to Handler, and the child actors that portrayed the Baudelaire children grew too old to star in a sequel.[40]

text: In November 2014, Netflix, in association with Paramount Television, announced its plans to adapt the novels into an original television series, with the author of the series, Daniel Handler, serving as executive producer.[41]

text: In September 2015, it was announced that Barry Sonnenfeld and Mark Hudis had agreed to helm the series. Hudis would serve as showrunner, Sonnenfeld as director, and both as executive producers,[42] with Handler writing some of the scripts along with working with the series' writing team.[32] However, in January 2016, Netflix announced that Hudis had left the project, with a replacement showrunner not named at the time.[4]

text: The first season consists of eight episodes,[5] with two episodes adapting each of the first four books of the series.[29] Handler considered this more in line with how he had written the books in the manner of a serialized melodrama, citing The Perils of Pauline as one of his influences in writing the book series.[43] In January 2017, Handler revealed that he was writing the series' second season, to consist of ten episodes adapting the fifth through ninth books of the series. A third season would adapt the remaining novels of the series, which Handler hoped "to get the go-ahead to do" since "given how quickly young actors age and change, we're trying to film everything as quickly as possible."[32] In March 2017, Netflix revealed the series had been renewed for a second season by releasing a video on their social media pointing to a viral marketing website, where a letter written by Snicket revealed the decision.[44] A month later, the series was "quietly" renewed for a third season,[45] which Harris confirmed would be the final one for the series.[46]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire.[47] In January 2016, Netflix announced that Neil Patrick Harris had been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes were cast as Violet and Klaus.[4][6] Handler had first considered Harris for the role of Olaf after seeing him perform the opening number "It's Not Just for Gays Anymore", at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011, noting "I just immediately saw someone who could pull off a million things at once" as was necessary for the character of Olaf, who utilizes various disguises and accents in his quest to steal the Baudelaire fortune.[48]

text: In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman was cast as Mr. Poe,[7] followed shortly after by the casting of Patrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket,[5] and Aasif Mandvi as Uncle Monty.[19] In September 2016, it was revealed that Dylan Kingwell and Avi Lake were cast as the Quagmire siblings, Duncan and Isadora, respectively.[11] In November 2016, Handler revealed Catherine O'Hara, Don Johnson, and Alfre Woodard had been cast as Dr. Georgina Orwell,[22] Sir,[21] and Aunt Josephine, respectively;[20] O'Hara had previously portrayed Justice Strauss in the 2004 film adaptation of A Series of Unfortunate Events.[22] It was also revealed that Presley Smith would play Sunny Baudelaire,[8] whose quasi-nonsensical lines are voiced by Tara Strong,[9] and Rhys Darby would play Charles, Sir's partner.[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production began in May 2016 in Vancouver, British Columbia,[49][50] and in August 2016 several cast members expressed through social media that filming had finished.[51] Filming for the second season began in April 2017.[52] The third season began filming on January 5, 2018.[53]

text: One aspect of the series of books that the production team wanted to be captured in the series was the notion of a lack of specific time period or geography for the settings; Handler stated that he wrote enough for establishing set pieces, but purposely left more specific details vague "in order for young readers to fill in the blanks themselves." Sonnenfeld wanted to capture that same sense of ambiguous time and place, and he and his team worked to try to define a set of subjective rules of what elements could be included. Sonnenfeld brought on Bo Welch, production designer for Edward Scissorhands, which Handler considered to capture the same sense of a "familiar but completely imaginary" suburban setting he had in mind for his books. While the production team used computer-generated imagery where needed, they attempted to avoid this use where possible, such as by using large painted backdrops, by key scenic artist John E. Wilcox, rather than employing green screen filming.[43]

text: Music[edit]

text: In April 2016, Nick Urata was initially reported to be composing music for the series.[54] Once the first season was released, it was revealed that Urata collaborated with Daniel Handler to compose the main title theme, "Look Away", as well as various original songs that appear throughout the series, with Handler contributing the lyrics. The first season's original score was composed by James Newton Howard, with his frequent collaborators Sven Faulconer and Chris Bacon filling in to score certain episodes.[55] In the second season, Jim Dooley joined the production as composer and subsequently wrote the music for all ten episodes.[56]

text: "Look Away", the theme song for the opening titles of the series, is performed by Neil Patrick Harris.[55] In keeping with the tone of the book series, the song warns the viewer against continuing to watch the unpleasant story any further.[57] The lyrics of one verse of the song change for each pair of episodes, comprising a brief synopsis of those episodes' premise. [58]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Zoic Studios created visual effects for the series, including the effects for many of Sunny Baudelaire's actions.[59] Tippett Studio also did work on the series, including the effects for the destruction of Josephine's house, landscape shots of Lake Lachrymose and some of the more movement heavy Sunny Baudelaire shots.[60]

text: Release[edit]

text: All eight episodes of the first season of A Series of Unfortunate Events were released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017,[18] in Ultra HD 4K.[61] The second season was released on March 30, 2018.[62]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On July 5, 2015 a video titled "An Unfortunate Teaser" was uploaded to YouTube by a user named "Eleanora Poe". Netflix quickly released a statement saying "This was not released from Netflix." Media outlets were almost unanimous in agreement that the trailer was fan-made.[63][64][65][66] However, Caitlin Petrakovitz of CNET argued that the trailer may be real and that Netflix's carefully worded denial was a marketing campaign, noting the user name "Eleanora Poe" being the same as a character from the series, and that a vinyl record seen in the trailer was of The Gothic Archies, a band who provided the theme music for the audio books of A Series of Unfortunate Events.[67] The trailer was later revealed to be a spec promo, similar to a spec script, by an independent commercial director, whom Netflix contracted to make a title sequence for the series after the video's popularity, though they did not go ahead with the concept.[68]

text: In October 2016, Netflix released the first teaser trailer for A Series of Unfortunate Events, where Warburton narrates the events of the series as Lemony Snicket.[18] A trailer, featuring footage from the series and Neil Patrick Harris's character, Count Olaf, was released by Netflix in November 2016,[69] followed shortly by the first full trailer.[8] The second trailer was released in December 2016,[70] followed by a "holiday-themed" trailer from Count Olaf leading fans to a viral marketing website for the fictional Valorous Farms Dairy, which featured four holiday e-cards for download.[71]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Audience viewership[edit]

text: As Netflix does not reveal subscriber viewership numbers for any of their original series, Symphony Technology Group compiled data for the first season based on people using software on their devices that measure television viewing by detecting a program's sound. According to Symphony, 3.755 million viewers age 18-49 were watching an episode of A Series of Unfortunate Events over the average minute in its first weekend of release.[72]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The first season of A Series of Unfortunate Events received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the season an approval rating of 94% based on 62 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Enjoyably dark, A Series of Unfortunate Events matches the source material's narrative as well as its tone, leaving viewers with a wonderfully weird, dry, gothic comedy."[73] On Metacritic the season has a score of 81 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[74]

text: Erik Adams of The A.V. Club awarded the season a B and praised it for treating "mature themes like grief, loss, and disappointment with sardonic honesty." Adams compared the program positively to the Adam West Batman series, calling it "kids stuff with adult sophistication, driven by two-part stories, outrageous visuals, and the scenery-chewing of big-name guest stars".[75] Ben Travers of Indiewire gave the series an A-, saying that it "proves as inspirational and endearing as it claims to be forlorn and heartbreaking". Brian Lowry of CNN praised the showrunners for "infusing the show with a lemony-fresh feel, conjuring a series similar to the fantastical tone of Pushing Daisies". Lowry wrote that "the show proves a good deal of fun" and that "Harris dives into his over-the-top character with considerable gusto." He also argued that the series improved upon the 2004 film.[76]

text: Several critics praised the television series as a better adaptation of the books than the 2004 feature film, which starred Jim Carrey as Count Olaf. Kelly Lawler of USA Today felt the television format gave the stories more room to develop, the addition of Warburton as the fourth wall-breaking Snicket helped to convey some of the wordplay humor used in the books, and Harris's portrayal of Olaf was "much more dynamic, and creepier" than Carrey's version.[77] The Verge's Chaim Gartenburg said that the show follows the books much more faithfully than the film, and "nails down the tone that made the stories so special".[78] Los Angeles Times writer Robert Lloyd felt that the backgrounds of Sonnenfeld and Welch made them "the right people for this job, set in a milieu that is hard to fix in time, except to say it is not now", in capturing the tones of the book compared to the feature film.[79]

text: Nick Allen of RogerEbert.com, on the other hand, gave the series a negative review, calling it "an unfunny parody of sadness" that is "never as clever as it wants to be" and would only appeal to fans of the books.[80] Caroline Framke of Vox Media praised the series for its unique and weird visuals, but found the show's tone, pacing and performances to be haphazard and considered the show to be "literally, a series of unfortunate events".[81]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: As with the first season, the second season received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the second season an approval rating of 100% based on 13 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Season two of A Series of Unfortunate Events is as gothic, twisted and absurd as the first, to the delight of moody tweens of all ages."[82] Clarisse Loughrey of The Independent praised the show as one that "essentially deals with thoughtful, intelligent young people battling to speak up against an illogical world." While observing that the "show may revel in the miserable", she opined "that the purpose of its own morbidity is to offer the assurance that hope lives in even the darkest of places." Loughrey also credited the show's expanded storyline for the Baudelaires' adult allies for "plumping up" the episodes' narrative arcs and deepening the show's emotional impact.[83]

text: Tristram Fane Saunders of The Telegraph awarded the second season four out of five stars. He described the show as a "gothic treat [that] also offers a wicked line in absurdist humour, and the most gorgeously toybox-like set designs you’ll find anywhere outside a Wes Anderson film."[84] Radio Times reviewer Huw Fullerton praised the series for its faithfulness to the original novels. While praising the improved CGI used to make Presley Smith's character Sunny Baudelaire react better to situations, he criticized the addition of supporting "good" characters such as Nathan Fillion's Jacques Snicket and Sara Canning's Jacquelyn for "undercutting the bleakness and loneliness that characterized the novels."[85]

text: Rohan Naahar of the Hindustan Times described A Series of Unfortunate Events as "one of the most lavish originals in Netflix's bottomless catalogue, created by fans, for fans."  He also praised Neil Patrick Harris' performance as Count Olaf.[86] The Den of Geek reviewer Michael Ahr praised tortoise-shell 'amphibiophones' and stone marimbas score for giving the television series its primal sound.[87] IGN reviewer Jonathon Dornbush criticized the second season's formulaic plot structure and lack of the insightful observations compared to the first season. He also praised several of the second season's episodes particularly "The Ersatz Elevator", "The Hostile Hospital", and "The Carnivorous Carnival" for smartly twisting the story formula and deepening the novel series' mythology. Dornbush also praised the performance of guest stars such as Lucy Punch and Patrick Warburton and awarded the second season 7.2 stars.[88]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

Ref

2017

Leo Awards

Best Visual Effects in a Dramatic Series

Luis Alejandro Guevara, Bob Habros, Cale Jacox, Ron Simonson, Jeffrey De Guzman

Nominated

[89]

Best Make-Up in a Dramatic Series

Rita Ciccozzi, Krista Seller, Tanya Hudson, Gitte Axen

Won

Best Hairstyling in a Dramatic Series

Julie Mchaffie, Dianne Holme, Jenine Lehfeldt

Won

Best Guest Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series

Sara Canning

Nominated

Saturn Awards

Best New Media Television Series

A Series of Unfortunate Events

Nominated

[90]

Creative Arts Emmy Awards

Outstanding Music Composition for a Series

James Newton Howard

Nominated

[91]

Gold Derby TV Awards

Comedy Actor

Neil Patrick Harris

Nominated

[92]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards

Main Title Theme – TV Show/Limited Series

Nick Urata and Daniel Handler

Won

[93]

Peabody Awards

Children's & Youth Programming

A Series of Unfortunate Events

Won

[94]

69th Primetime Emmy Awards

Music Composition For A Series (Original Dramatic Score)

James Newton Howard

Nominated

[95]

2018

Satellite Awards

Best Actor in a Series - Comedy or Musical

Neil Patrick Harris

Nominated

[96]

70th Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Children's Program

A Series of Unfortunate Events

Pending

[97]

70th Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Fantasy/Sci-Fi Costumes

"The Vile Village: Part 1"

Pending

[98]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Netflix and critics name the first two episodes as "The Bad Beginning", following the title of the book, while the episode itself displays the name of "A Bad Beginning" after the opening credits.[30][31]

Jump up ^ Netflix names the episodes of the second season as Part 1 and Part 2, while the episodes themselves display the names as Part One and Part Two after the opening credits, following the format of the first season.

^ Jump up to: a b Netflix names the ninth and tenth episodes as "Carnivorous Carnival", while the episodes themselves display the name of "The Carnivorous Carnival" after the opening credits, following the title of the book.[33][34]


document_title: Australian one-cent coin

question_text: when did australia stop using one cent coins

root

text: Australian one-cent coin

text:
One cent

Australia

Value
0.01 AUD

Mass
2.60 g

Diameter
17.65 mm

Edge
Plain

Composition
97% copper
2.5% zinc
0.5% tin

Years of minting
1966–1991, 2006 and 2010

Obverse

Design
Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia

Designer
Raphael Maklouf

Design date
1985

Reverse

Design
Feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus)

Designer
Stuart Devlin

Design date
1966

tag: table

text: The cent or penny, formally the one-cent coin, was the lowest-denomination coin of the Australian dollar, introduced on 14 February 1966 in the decimalisation of Australian currency until it was withdrawn from circulation in 1992 (along with the two-cent coin)[1][2]

tag: p

text: Description[edit]

text: From 1966 until 1984 the obverse featured the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin. It was changed in 1985 to a version by Raphael Maklouf, which remained until its demonetisation in 1992.[3]

text: The reverse side of the coin featured the image of feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus), a gliding possum unique to Australian states bordering the Pacific Ocean. The image was designed by Stuart Devlin, who designed the reverses of all of the decimal coins introduced in 1966.

text: Production[edit]

text: The first minting of the coin was in the 1960s. In the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra 146.5 million were minted, alongside 239 million from the Melbourne Mint and 26.6 million at the Perth Mint. This was the only year that the coin was issued at more than one mint, apart from in 1981 when 40.3 million were struck at the British Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales as well as 183.6 million in Canberra. The only year of its run not to have any minting was 1986, the last minting was in 1990.[4]

text: The decision to remove the one and two-cent coins was confirmed by the Treasurer in a Budget Speech on 21 August 1990. The action was due to inflation reducing its value, and the high cost of bronze.[4] Around the same time other countries removed their bronze coins—New Zealand removed its one and two cent coins in 1990, while the United Kingdom and Ireland turned their bronze one and two pence coins into copper-plated steel.

text: The one cent coin was produced as proof in 1986, 1991, 2006 and 2010 as part of mint sets. Other compositions were also used for 1 cent coins such as the 1978 (incorrectly listed as 1968 at Downies) specimen struck in aluminium [5] or fine silver proofs in 1991, 2006 and 2011.

text: After removal from circulation, the coins were melted down to make bronze medals for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.[6]

text: In 2017, a Coin set with the theme of the Iconic Australian Book Possum Magic was released. In the limited edition coin set, a 1 Cent coin is included that shows Hush the Possum reading a Book, It is Bronze like the original.[7]


document_title: Portland Trail Blazers accomplishments and records

question_text: portland trail blazers most points in a game

text: Individual accomplishments[edit]

text: All-Stars and All-Star Weekend participants[edit]

text: The NBA All-Star Game is played between the Eastern Conference All-Star Team and the Western Conference All-Star Team; the teams' starters are chosen through fan voting, and the teams' reserves are chosen by NBA teams' coaches.[9]

text:
Clyde Drexler, ten selections total, eight as a Blazer (1986, 1988–1994).[10]
Sidney Wicks, four selections total, all as a Blazer (1972–1975).[11]
Maurice Lucas, three selections as a Blazer, four total (1977–1979).[12]
LaMarcus Aldridge, five selections, four as a Blazer (2012–2016)[13]
Brandon Roy, three selections, all as a Blazer (2008–2010)[14]
Damian Lillard, three selections, all as a Blazer (2014–2015, 2018)[15]
Rasheed Wallace, two selections as a Blazer, four selections in total (2000–2001)[16]
Kevin Duckworth, two selections, both as a Blazer (1989, 1991)[17]
Jim Paxson, two selections, both as a Blazer (1983–1984)[18]
Geoff Petrie, two selections, both as a Blazer (1971, 1974)[19]
Terry Porter, two selections, both as a Blazer (1991, 1993)[20]
Bill Walton, two selections, both as a Blazer (1977–1978)[21]
Lionel Hollins, one selection as a Blazer (1978)[22]
Cliff Robinson, one selection as a Blazer (1994)[23]
Kermit Washington, one selection as a Blazer (1980)[24]

tag: ul

text: Rookie Challenge

text:
Damian Lillard, 2012–13[25]
LaMarcus Aldridge, 2007–08[26]
Rudy Fernández, 2008–09[27]
Greg Oden, 2008–09[27] (DNP)[28]
Brandon Roy, 2006–07[29] and 2007–08[26]
Arvydas Sabonis, 1995–96[30]
Alvin Williams, 1997–98[30]

text: Slam Dunk Contest

text:
Damian Lillard
Clyde Drexler
Rudy Fernández
Jerome Kersey participated in four Slam Dunk Contests, finishing in second in 1987.

text: Three-point Shootout

text:
Clyde Drexler
Terry Porter
Cliff Robinson
Kiki Vandeweghe, 1987
Damian Lillard, 2014
Wesley Matthews, 2015
CJ McCollum, 2016 & 2017

text: Skills Challenge

text: Damian Lillard – Winner in 2013 and 2014

text: Individual awards[edit]

text: The NBA presents several annual awards to recognize its teams, players and coaches for their accomplishments. In addition, three honorary teams (All-NBA, All-Rookie, All-Defensive) are formed by voting to honor the best players, best rookies and best defenders respectively.

text: Bill Walton, 1977–78

text: Bill Walton, 1976–77

text:
Geoff Petrie, 1970–71 (shared with Dave Cowens)
Sidney Wicks, 1971–72
Brandon Roy, 2006–07
Damian Lillard, 2012–13

text:
Kevin Duckworth, 1987–88
Zach Randolph, 2003–04
C. J. McCollum, 2015–2016

text: Cliff Robinson, 1992–93

text:
Terry Porter, 1992–93
Chris Dudley, 1995–96
Brian Grant, 1998–99

text:
Mike Schuler, 1986–87
Mike Dunleavy, 1998–99

text:
Bill Walton, 1977–78,
Clyde Drexler, 1991–92

text:
Bill Walton, 1976–77
Maurice Lucas, 1977–78
Jim Paxson, 1983–84
Clyde Drexler, 1987–88, 1990–91
Brandon Roy, 2008–09
LaMarcus Aldridge, 2014–2015
Damian Lillard, 2015–2016

text:
Clyde Drexler, 1989–90
Brandon Roy, 2009–10
LaMarcus Aldridge, 2010–2011, 2013–2014
Damian Lillard, 2013–2014

text:
Bill Walton, 1976–77, 1977–78
Maurice Lucas, 1977–78
Lionel Hollins, 1977–78
Buck Williams, 1989–90, 1990–91

text:
Maurice Lucas, 1978–79,
Bobby Gross, 1977–78
Kermit Washington, 1979–80, 1980–81
Buck Williams, 1991–92
Scottie Pippen, 1999–2000
Theo Ratliff, 2003–04

text:
Sidney Wicks, 1971–72
Lloyd Neal, 1972–73
Lionel Hollins, 1975–76
Mychal Thompson, 1978–79
Ron Brewer, 1978–79
Calvin Natt, 1979–80
Kelvin Ransey, 1980–81
Sam Bowie, 1984–85
Arvydas Sabonis, 1995–96
LaMarcus Aldridge, 2006–07
Brandon Roy, 2006–07
Damian Lillard, 2012–13

text: European awards and honors[edit]

text: European players in the NBA are currently eligible for three prestigious continent-wide awards for their performances with their club and national teams:

text:
Mr. Europa, awarded since 1976 by the Italian weekly magazine Superbasket
Euroscar, awarded since 1979 by the Italian sports daily La Gazzetta dello Sport
FIBA Europe Player of the Year Award, awarded since 2005 by FIBA Europe and based on voting by fans and a continent-wide panel of basketball experts, journalists, and coaches

text: Two Blazers players have won at least one of these awards while in Portland.

text:
Dražen Petrović won the Euroscar in 1989, a year that he started with Real Madrid and finished with the Blazers. Before coming to Portland, he swept the Euroscar and Mr. Europa in 1986, and after being traded to the New Jersey Nets, he won the Euroscar again in 1992 and won both awards posthumously in 1993.
Arvydas Sabonis, like Petrović before him, won the Euroscar in the year he arrived from Real Madrid, 1995. Sabonis swept Mr. Europa and the Euroscar in 1997, and won the Euroscar again in 1999. During his previous career in the former Soviet Union, Sabonis won the Euroscar in 1984 and 1988, and both awards in 1985.

text: Hall of Fame and Top 50 players[edit]

text: The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, located in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts, honors players who have shown exceptional skill at basketball, all-time great coaches, referees, and other major contributors to the game. In 1996, the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History (also referred to as the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team or NBA's Top 50) were chosen by a panel of media, former players and coaches, current and former general managers and team executives. Five Trail Blazers players have been inducted into the Naismith Hall solely as players,[6][7] and the team had four players selected to be in the NBA's Top 50 Players list.[40] The Blazers have also had one coach inducted into the Naismith Hall exclusively in that capacity. Finally, Lenny Wilkens, who both played for and coached the Blazers, is one of only three individuals to have been inducted into the Naismith Hall in both roles.

text:
Clyde Drexler. Hall of Fame, Top 50.
Dražen Petrović. Hall of Fame. Also a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame.
Arvydas Sabonis. Hall of Fame. Also a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame.
Bill Walton. Hall of Fame, Top 50.
Lenny Wilkens. Hall of Fame (as both player and coach), Top 50. Spent two years as head coach of the Blazers in the 1970s, including one year as player-coach. Also named one of the Top 10 coaches—the only person to make both lists.[41]
Scottie Pippen. Hall of Fame, Top 50.[42]
Coach Dr. Jack Ramsay — Hall of Fame, coached the team to their only NBA title in 1977.

text: The Blazers have had three players inducted to the FIBA Hall of Fame. In addition to Petrović (inducted as part of the inaugural class in 2007) and Sabonis (inducted in 2010), Fernando Martín, who played for the Blazers in the 1986–87 season, was inducted alongside Petrović.

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text: Several players (and others) have had their numbers retired by the team. These are:[6]

text:
13 Dave Twardzik, G, 1976–80
14 Lionel Hollins G, 1975–80 (number retired April 18, 2007)
15 Larry Steele, G, 1971–80
20 Maurice Lucas, F, 1976–80 and 1987–88 (number retired November 4, 1988)
22 Clyde Drexler, G, 1983–95 (number retired March 6, 2001)
30 Bob Gross, F, 1975–82
30 Terry Porter, G, 1985–95 (number retired December 16, 2008)
32 Bill Walton, C, 1974–78
36 Lloyd Neal, C, 1972–79
45 Geoff Petrie, G, 1970–76

text: Two non-players also have honorary jerseys hanging in the rafters:

text:
1 Larry Weinberg, Team founder-owner, 1970–88. Jersey is honorary, as #1 is still used by team players.
77 Dr. Jack Ramsay, Head Coach, 1976–86. Number selected in honor of 1976–77 season.

text: Oregon Sports Hall of Fame[edit]

text: Drexler, Lucas, Petrie, Twardzik, and Walton are members of the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame, which honors Oregon athletes, teams, coaches, and others who have made a significant contribution to sports in Oregon. Also inducted into the Hall are the 1976–77 team, and the following Trail Blazers' players:[43]

text:
Danny Ainge (#9, G, 1990–92, also Oregon native)
Steve Johnson (#33, C, 1986–89, from Oregon State)
Steve Jones (#23, G, 1975–76, from Portland and the University of Oregon)
Jim Paxson (#4, G, 1980–87)

text: NBA records[edit]

text: Several league record performances have been recorded by members of the Trail Blazers or the team as a whole; or against the Trail Blazers by an opponent. A partial list is as follows:

text: Brandon Roy stole the ball 10 times, setting a new franchise record on January 24th, 2009 against the Washington Wizards.

text: Joel Przybilla grabbed a franchise record of 26 rebounds on March 22nd, 2008.

text: Rod Strickland on March 30th, 1996, tied the franchise record of 20 assists.

text: Damian Lillard on February 19, 2016 and April 8, 2017 (while setting the franchise scoring record of 59),[44] tied the franchise record of 9 three point shots set by Nicolas Batum on February 4, 2012.

text: Damian Lillard on April 8th 2017, hit a career-high and Blazers franchise record 59 points, which included 9 3-pointers, against the Utah Jazz.[44]

text: Most blocks in a game/half

text: Joel Przybilla has the franchise record with 9 blocks, on April 2nd, 2006. Elmore Smith recorded 17 blocks against the Trail Blazers, October 28, 1973. That game, he set the record for the most blocks in a half (11); the latter record has been tied twice since.[45]

text: The Trail Blazers and the New Jersey Nets combined for 55 points in the first half of a game on November 28, 2004 (Portland led 30–25).[46]

text: The Blazers outscored the Houston Rockets 17–0 during the first (and only) overtime period on January 22, 1983.[46]

text: In eight games, a team has been held scoreless in an overtime period; the Trail Blazers are the only NBA team to have held a team scoreless in overtime on two separate occasions, against the Rockets and the Indiana Pacers.[46]

text: The Trail Blazers made 12 three-point field goals against the New Orleans Hornets on January 14, 2005, and allowed the same amount against the Milwaukee Bucks on January 5, 2001. In the latter game, Tim Thomas hit eight 3-pointers in a half, also an NBA record.[47]

text: The Blazers and the Golden State Warriors combined for 69 three-point field goal attempts on April 15, 2005. In that game, Damon Stoudamire of the Blazers attempted 21 three-point shots, also a record.[47]

text: On November 22, 1973 (against Seattle) and on November 25, 1979 (against Phoenix), the Blazers and their opponents combined for zero blocks, a record that has been matched eight other times.[45]

text: The Blazers and the Chicago Bulls combined for 87 personal fouls in a game that went to four overtime periods on March 16, 1984.[48]

text: The Blazers and the Phoenix Suns committed a combined 21 personal fouls on December 1, 2001.[48]

text: The Blazers committed three turnovers against the Suns on February 22, 1991.[49]

text: Portland and the Utah Jazz combined for 106 defensive rebounds in a game that went to four overtime periods on October 18, 1974.[50]

text: Steve Blake tied the NBA record for most assists in the 1st quarter with 14 against the LA Clippers on February 22, 2009.[51]

text: In their October 30, 2017 game against the Toronto Raptors, the Portland Trail Blazers set a new league record in the second quarter, scoring the all-time fewest points in a single quarter (just 6).


document_title: Tony Marshall (actor)

question_text: who did tony marshall play in only fools and horses

text: Tony Marshall (actor)

text: This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Tony MarshallBorn
Anthony Marshall (1964-05-14) 14 May 1964 (age 54)Manchester, EnglandOccupation
ActorYears active
1989-present

text: Anthony Marshall (born 14 May 1964) is a British television actor.

text: He is probably best known for his appearance in the BBC drama series Life on Mars and the final episode of its spinoff Ashes to Ashes as the bartender and confidant, Nelson and Rodney's friend  Chris in Only Fools and Horses. Previously, he played Diesel in all three series of Preston Front he also star in the 2003 Christmas special of My Family.

text: He starred in the 1999 TV film 'The Flint Street Nativity'.

text: Since 2008 he has been starring in Casualty as the receptionist, Noel Garcia. On 14 March 2017, Marshall appeared as Noel on Sister Show Holby City


document_title: Bates Motel (season 5)

question_text: who plays marion in bates motel season 5

text: Bates Motel (season 5)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Vera Farmiga as Norma Louise Bates
Freddie Highmore as Norman Bates
Max Thieriot as Dylan Massett
Olivia Cooke as Emma Decody
Nestor Carbonell as Alex Romero

text: Special guest[edit]

text: Rihanna as Marion Crane

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kenny Johnson as Caleb Calhoun
Ryan Hurst as Chick Hogan
Brooke Smith as Sheriff Jane Greene
Isabelle McNally as Madeleine Loomis
Austin Nichols as Sam Loomis
Jillian Fargey as Maggie Summers
Damon Gupton as Dr. Gregg Edwards
Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Julia Ramos

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Carlton Cuse as Highway Patrol Officer
John Hainsworth as Jim Blackwell
Antonio Cayonne as Bruce Herman

text: Production[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In June 2016, showrunner Kerry Ehrin confirmed the return of Kenny Johnson as Caleb Calhoun for the final season, in an interview with Deadline.com.[3] The following month, it was announced that Rihanna had been cast in the iconic role of Marion Crane.[4][5] In September 2016, Isabelle McNally joined the cast of the series, portraying the role of Madeleine Loomis, a young woman who resembles Norma.[6] That same month, Brooke Smith joined the cast as Sheriff Jane Greene.[7] In January 2017, Austin Nichols was cast in the role of Sam Loomis, a prominent role in both the source material and the film adaptation.[8] That same month, Ryan Hurst's return as Chick Hogan was reported.[9] In March 2017, it was revealed that series executive producer Carlton Cuse would appear as a police officer trailing Marion Crane.[10] That same month, Natalia Cordova-Buckley joined the cast as Julia Ramos, an attorney.[11]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The series was filmed on location in Aldergrove, British Columbia. At the beginning of the first season, a replica of the original Bates Motel set from the film Psycho was built on 272nd Street.[12][13] Freddie Highmore was tapped to write an episode for the season, as well as direct an episode, marking his directorial debut.[14] Max Thieriot and Nestor Carbonell were also tapped to direct an episode each for season 5.[15]

text: Production on the season began on September 16, 2016.[16] The series filmed its final scenes at the specially-built Bates Motel set in Aldergrove on January 25, 2017, and production began tearing the house down the following day.[17][18] Carbonell filmed his final scenes as Sheriff Alex Romero on January 27, 2017.[19][20] Filming officially wrapped for the series on January 31, 2017.[21] In February 2017, the Bates Motel exterior set in Aldergrove was subsequently demolished.[22]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

41
1
"Dark Paradise"
Tucker Gates
Kerry Ehrin
February 20, 2017 (2017-02-20)
1.34[23]

It has been two years since the death of Norma. Norman is now living alone and running the Bates Motel. He stays with his hallucination, "Mother", whom he believes faked her death to the rest of the world, while he is secretly keeping Norma's preserved corpse in the basement. Dylan and Emma are now married with an infant daughter, and are unaware of Norma's death. Caleb shows up, much to the stress of Dylan, so Emma asks Caleb to leave for Dylan's sake. Romero is in prison and is denied parole. Romero sends a hitman to kill Norman, but Norman murders him instead. He meets Madeleine Loomis, a young store-owner who resembles Norma. While "Mother" and Norman dispose of the hitman's body in a lake, the man's phone rings. Norman answers it to hear Romero's voice.

42
2
"The Convergence of the Twain"
Sarah Boyd
Alyson Evans & Steve Kornacki
February 27, 2017 (2017-02-27)
1.28[24]

Norman visits Romero in prison and Romero warns that he will come for Norman. Norman goes to dinner with Madeleine and her husband Sam, who is cheating on her. "Mother" follows Norman and asks why he is having dinner with a girl who looks like her. Caleb returns to White Pine Bay, looking for Norma, but instead learns that Norma committed suicide over a year earlier. He breaks down with grief at her grave. Later, he and Chick have an altercation in a bar. Caleb says he knows Norman killed Norma, because she would never commit suicide, and vows to get revenge. He goes back to the Bates house and discovers Norma's frozen corpse in the basement. Norman, dressed as "Mother", attacks Caleb. Chick witnesses this, shocked.

43
3
"Bad Blood"
Sarah Boyd
Tom Szentgyorgyi
March 6, 2017 (2017-03-06)
1.28[25]

Caleb wakes to find himself chained in the basement of the Bates house. Norman, as "Mother", visits him to recount their history. This causes Caleb to slowly lose his mind. Chick, now aware of Norman's mental condition, remains at the house to research his true-crime novel based on Norman. Madeleine admits her troubled marriage to Norman, and they become friends. Romero is granted a transfer, following his prison fight. He escapes custody, only to be shot while trying to steal a car from a farm. "Mother" insists that Norman should kill Caleb, as she cannot do it. Norman sets Caleb free, but "Mother" chases him into the road, where a distracted Chick accidentally hits him with his car.

44
4
"Hidden"
Max Thieriot
Torrey Speer
March 13, 2017 (2017-03-13)
1.25[26]

Caleb dies from the accident and Chick cremates the body. The new sheriff is informed about Jim Blackwell skipping parole and questions Norman, as Blackwell had the house's address. Romero tends to his gunshot wounds before showing up at Maggie Summers' house. Chick tries to move into the Bates house, only to be turned away by Norman, who does not think Chick being there is a good idea. Norman and "Mother" continue to get into arguments, as Norman wants to have control over his own life. Madeleine invites Norman over to her house for dinner since Sam is out of town, and they start kissing. "Mother" appears and Norman visualizes Madeleine with her throat slit. He runs back home, calling for "Mother," who is not there.

45
5
"Dreams Die First"
Nestor Carbonell
Erica Lipez & Kerry Ehrin
March 20, 2017 (2017-03-20)
1.36[27]

Norman awakens to find no sign of his mother. Sheriff Greene informs him that Romero may come after him. In Seattle, Dylan explains to Emma why he cut off contact with Norma, revealing that Norman is sick and Emma's mother went missing after checking into the motel. Emma later discovers that Norma is dead. Sam's mistress, Marion Crane, goes on the run after stealing $400,000 from her boss; Madeleine confronts Sam about the affair. Norman encounters his old therapist, Dr. Edwards, and is faced again with the reality that Norma is dead and he assumes her persona. He visits the White Horse Bar, and is confused when the patrons recognize him from the night before. A man attempts to seduce him and Norman has a flashback of "Mother" and the man having sex. Panicking, he flees home just as Marion arrives at the Bates Motel.

46
6
"Marion"
Phil Abraham
Carlton Cuse & Kerry Ehrin
March 27, 2017 (2017-03-27)
1.30[28]

Norman greets Marion at the motel; Emma informs a shocked Dylan of his mother's death. After Norman and Marion eat dinner together, Norman spies on her as she undresses for her shower. He later reveals to her that Sam is married. When Marion sees Sam and Madeleine arguing at his house, she smashes his car windows in anger and returns to the motel. "Mother" tries to goad Norman into killing Marion, but Norman, unwilling to do this, fights back and forces Marion out of the motel before he can hurt her, saving her life. Marion leaves town as Sam shows up at her room. He decides to shower while waiting for her. When "Mother" compares Sam to Norman's father, Norman stabs Sam to death in the shower.

47
7
"Inseparable"
Steph Green
Story by : Freddie Highmore & Erica Lipez
Teleplay by : Freddie Highmore
April 3, 2017 (2017-04-03)
1.26[29]

"Mother" and Norman dispose of Sam's body, though Norman does not want to hallucinate "Mother" anymore. Sheriff Greene reveals that Jim Blackwell's body was recovered. Norman buries Norma's frozen corpse in the woods in case police investigate his house. Dylan arrives at the Bates' house and says that Norman should have told him about Norma's death, and to let him help Norman, as he sees that Norman is sick. Dylan learns that Dr. Edwards is missing and presumed dead, even though Norman said he'd met with him. Dylan then meets Madeleine, who is worried about a missing Sam. Dylan asks Norman about Sam and encourages him to take his medication, but "Mother" takes over and tries to kill Dylan. Norman intervenes, yelling that Dylan is his brother, and Dylan, in shock, watches him struggle with himself. Norman comes to, dials 911, and confesses to Sam's murder.

48
8
"The Body"
Freddie Highmore
Erica Lipez
April 10, 2017 (2017-04-10)
1.23[30]

Norman is anxious to be arrested, fearing that he will see "Mother" and she will intervene. He is interrogated, and given his medication, but "Mother" forces him to vomit it out and takes full control of him. "Mother" blames Madeleine for Sam's murder and says Norman confessed to take the fall for her. Dylan gets a lawyer and explains that Norman is not a criminal nor a bad person - he is mentally ill and needs a mental institution. Emma's mother's body is also found and identified from the lake, confirming Dylan's suspicion about Norman killing her. Romero returns to the Bates' property and finds Chick, who has set up his writing desk in the house. Chick is killed by Romero after mocking him and the entire situation. Sam's body is found next, and Norman, with "Mother" still in control, is charged with three murders.

49
9
"Visiting Hours"
Olatunde Osunsanmi
Scott Kosar
April 17, 2017 (2017-04-17)
1.22[31]

Norman's attorney suggests entering an insanity plea, as he could be put to death if convicted. Emma arrives to see Dylan but is unsure whether the two of them will make it when Dylan takes his brother's side. After seeing the evidence presented at Norman's hearing, Madeleine asks Dylan how he can live with himself after knowing Norman was sick and still leaving him to do what he did. Emma decides to go back home, but not before going to see Norman. She instantly realizes he is in "Mother's" persona, and so asks him to tell the real Norman that she misses him. Romero discovers where Norman is and forces the officers to release him. He forces Norman into Norman's car and orders him to take them to Norma's body.

50
10
"The Cord"
Tucker Gates
Kerry Ehrin & Carlton Cuse
April 24, 2017 (2017-04-24)
1.41[32]

"Mother" leads Romero to Norma's body and as Romero mourns over it, Norman subdues him and shoots him with his own gun. Before Romero dies, he tells Norman that Norman will never be able to escape from the fact that he killed his own mother. "Mother" tells Norman that with Romero dead and now that he really knows the truth - that he killed her - there is nothing left to protect him from, and she leaves him for good. Unable to handle this, Norman's mind regresses to when they first moved to the motel. Under that delusion, he takes Norma's body back to the house and invites Dylan for dinner. Dylan does not inform the police. Instead, armed with a gun, he goes. After seeing Norma's corpse at the dinner table, Dylan begs Norman to face reality but Norman is unwilling to live without his mother. Dylan is forced to fatally shoot him when Norman charges at him with a knife. Norman dies in Dylan's arms and thanks Dylan for letting him reunite with Norma in death. The motel and house are sold, and Dylan and Emma make a happy life together with their daughter in Seattle.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The season has received positive reviews from television critics. It received 81 out of 100 from Metacritic, based on 8 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[33] Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 8 out of 8 critical responses were positive, averaging a 100% rating.[34]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Overall, the fifth season of Bates Motel averaged 1.29 million viewers, with a 0.5 rating in the 18–49 demographic.[35]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Dark Paradise"
February 20, 2017
0.5
1.34[23]
0.5
1.19
1.0
2.53[36]

2
"The Convergence of the Twain"
February 27, 2017
0.4
1.28[24]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"Bad Blood"
March 6, 2017
0.5
1.28[25]
0.5
1.31
1.0
2.60[37]

4
"Hidden"
March 13, 2017
0.4
1.25[26]
0.6
1.38
1.0
2.63[38]

5
"Dreams Die First"
March 20, 2017
0.5
1.36[27]
0.5
1.35
1.0
2.71[39]

6
"Marion"
March 27, 2017
0.5
1.30[28]
0.6
1.38
1.1
2.68[40]

7
"Inseparable"
April 3, 2017
0.4
1.26[29]
0.6
1.40
1.0
2.65[41]

8
"The Body"
April 10, 2017
0.4
1.23[30]
0.6
1.34
1.0
2.57[42]

9
"Visiting Hours"
April 17, 2017
0.4
1.23[31]
0.5
1.33
0.9
2.56[43]

10
"The Cord"
April 24, 2017
0.5
1.41[32]
0.4
N/A
0.9[A][44]
N/A

text: A ^ Cable Live +3 data is used here as Live +7 was not made available.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: In its fifth and final season, Bates Motel was nominated for one award.

text:
Year
Awards
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2017
8th Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Freddie Highmore
Nominated
[45]

The listed years are of television release, annual ceremonies are usually held the following year


document_title: Factors of production

question_text: as a factor of production what is capital

text: Factors of production

text: Historical schools and factors[edit]

text: In the interpretation of the currently dominant view of classical economic theory developed by neoclassical economists, the term "factors" did not exist until after the classical period and is not to be found in any of the literature of that time.[5]

text: Differences are most stark when it comes to deciding which factor is the most important. For example, in the Austrian view—often shared by neoclassical and other "free market"

text: Physiocracy[edit]

text: Physiocracy (from the Greek for "government of nature") is an economic theory developed by a group of 18th century Enlightenment French economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced

text: Classical[edit]

text: The classical economics of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and their followers focuses on physical resources in defining its factors of production, and discusses the distribution of cost and value among these factors. Adam Smith and David Ricardo referred to the "component parts of price"[6] as the costs of using:

text:
Land or natural resource — naturally occurring goods like water, air, soil, minerals, flora and fauna that are used in the creation of products. The payment for use and the received income of a land owner is rent.
Labor — human effort used in production which also includes technical and marketing expertise. The payment for someone else's labor and all income received from one's own labor is wages. Labor can also be classified as the physical and mental contribution of an employee to the production of the good(s).
The capital stock — human-made goods which are used in the production of other goods. These include machinery, tools, and buildings.

text: The classical economists also employed the word "capital" in reference to money. Money, however, was not considered to be a factor of production in the sense of capital stock since it is not used to directly produce any good. The return to loaned money or to loaned stock was styled as interest while the return to the actual proprietor of capital stock (tools, etc.) was styled as profit. See also returns.

text: Marxism[edit]

text: Marx considered the "elementary factors of the labor-process" or "productive forces" to be:

text:
Labor
The subject of labor (objects transformed by labor)
The instruments of labor (or means of labor).[7]

text: The "subject of labor" refers to natural resources and raw materials, including land. The "instruments of labor" are tools, in the broadest sense. They include factory buildings, infrastructure, and other human-made objects that facilitate labor's production of goods and services.

text: This view seems similar to the classical perspective described above. But unlike the classical school and many economists today, Marx made a clear distinction between labor actually done and an individual's "labor power" or ability to work. Labor done is often referred to nowadays as "effort" or "labor services." Labor-power might be seen as a stock which can produce a flow of labor.

text: Labor, not labor power, is the key factor of production for Marx and the basis for Marx's labor theory of value. The hiring of labor power only results in the production of goods or services ("use-values") when organized and regulated (often by the "management"). How much labor is actually done depends on the importance of conflict or tensions within the labor process.

text: Neoclassical economics[edit]

text: Neoclassical economics, one of the branches of mainstream economics, started with the classical factors of production of land, labor, and capital. However, it developed an alternative theory of value and distribution. Many of its practitioners have added various further factors of production (see below).

text: Further distinctions from classical and neoclassical microeconomics include the following:

text:
Capital — This has many meanings, including the financial capital raised to operate and expand a business. In much of economics, however, "capital" (without any qualification) means goods that can help produce other goods in the future, the result of investment. It refers to machines, roads, factories, schools, infrastructure, and office buildings which humans have produced to create goods and services.
Fixed capital — This includes machinery, factories, equipment, new technology, factories, buildings, computers, and other goods that are designed to increase the productive potential of the economy for future years. Nowadays, many consider computer software to be a form of fixed capital and it is counted as such in the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States and other countries. This type of capital does not change due to the production of the good.
Working capital — This includes the stocks of finished and semi-finished goods that will be economically consumed in the near future or will be made into a finished consumer good in the near future. These are often called inventory. The phrase "working capital" has also been used to refer to liquid assets (money) needed for immediate expenses linked to the production process (to pay salaries, invoices, taxes, interests...) Either way, the amount or nature of this type of capital usually changes during the production process.
Financial capital — This is simply the amount of money the initiator of the business has invested in it. "Financial capital" often refers to his or her net worth tied up in the business (assets minus liabilities) but the phrase often includes money borrowed from others.
Technological progress — For over a century, economists have known that capital and labor do not account for all of economic growth. This is reflected in total factor productivity and the Solow residual used in economic models called production functions that account for the contributions of capital and labor, yet have some unexplained contributor which is commonly called technological progress. Ayres and Warr (2009) present time series of the efficiency of primary energy (exergy) conversion into useful work for the US, UK, Austria and Japan revealing dramatic improvements in model accuracy. With useful work as a factor of production they are able to reproduce historical rates of economic growth with considerable precision and without recourse to exogenous and unexplained technological progress, thereby overcoming the major flaw of the Solow Theory of economic growth.[8]

text: Ecological Economics[edit]

text: Ecological Economics is an alternative to neoclassical economics (see: Neoclassical economics). It integrates, amongst other things, the first and second laws of thermodynamics (see: Laws of thermodynamics) to formulate more realistic economic systems that adhere to fundamental physical limitations. In addition to the neoclassical focus on efficient allocation, ecological economics emphasizes sustainability of scale and just distribution. Ecological economics also differ from neoclassical theories in its definitions of factors of production, replacing them with the following:[9][10]

text: Matter- The material from which products are produced. Matter can be recycled or reused through refining or reforming, but it cannot be created or destroyed, placing an upper limit on the amount of material that can be withdrawn and used. Consequently, the total amount of available matter is fixed, and once all the available matter is used, nothing more can be produced without recycling or reusing matter from prior products.

text: Energy- The physical but non-material inputs of production. We can place different forms of energy onto a scale of utility depending on how useful it is for creating a product. Due to the law of entropy, energy tends to decrease in utility over time. (e.g. Electricity, a very useful form of energy, is used to run a machine that builds a stuffed bear. In the process, however, electricity is converted to heat, a less useful form of energy). Like matter, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, and thus there is also an upper limit to the total amount useable energy.

text: Design intelligence- A factor that incorporates the knowledge, creativity, and efficiency of how goods are created - the better the design, the more efficient and beneficial the creation is. Designs are usually improvements on their predecessors, since our store of accumulated knowledge grows with time. One possible neoclassical analogue of design intelligence is technological progress.

text: Integral to ecological economics is the following notion: at the maximum rates of sustainable matter and energy uptake, the only way to increase productivity would be through an increase in design intelligence. This provides the basis for a core tenet of ecological economics, namely that infinite growth is impossible.[9]

text: A fourth factor?[edit]

text: As mentioned, recent authors have added to the classical list. For example, J.B. Clark saw the co-ordinating function in production and distribution as being served by entrepreneurs; Frank Knight introduced managers who co-ordinate using their own money (financial capital) and the financial capital of others. In contrast, many economists today consider "human capital" (skills and education) as the fourth factor of production, with entrepreneurship as a form of human capital. Yet others refer to intellectual capital. More recently, many have begun to see "social capital" as a factor, as contributing to production of goods and services.

text: Entrepreneurship[edit]

text: Consider entrepreneurship as a factor of production, leaving debate aside. In markets, entrepreneurs combine the other factors of production, land, labor, and capital, to make a profit. Often these entrepreneurs are seen as innovators, developing new ways to produce and new products. In a planned economy, central planners decide how land, labor, and capital should be used to provide for maximum benefit for all citizens. Of course, just as with market entrepreneurs, the benefits may mostly accrue to the entrepreneurs themselves.

text: The sociologist C. Wright Mills refers to "new entrepreneurs" who work within and between corporate and government bureaucracies in new and different ways.[11] Others (such as those practicing public choice theory) refer to "political entrepreneurs", i.e., politicians and other actors.

text: Much controversy rages about the benefits produced by entrepreneurship. But the real issue is about how well institutions they operate in (markets, planning, bureaucracies, government) serve the public. This concerns such issues as the relative importance of market failure and government failure.

text: In the book Accounting of ideas, "intequity", a neologism, is abstracted from equity to add a newly researched production factor of the capitalist system. Equity, which is regarded part of capital was divided into equity and intequity. Entrepreneurship was divided into network related matters and creating related matters. Network related matters function in the sphere of equity and creating related matters in spheres of intequities.[12]

text: Natural resources[edit]

text: Ayres and Warr (2010) are among the economists who criticize orthodox economics for overlooking the role of natural resources and the effects of declining resource capital.[8] See also: Natural resource economics

text: Energy[edit]

text: Exercise can be seen as individual factor of production, with an elastication larger than labor.[13] A cointegration analysis support results derived from linear exponential (LINEX) production functions.[14]


document_title: Wind power in India

question_text: which state has developed wind energy in india

text: Wind power in India

text: Monthly electricity generation[edit]

text: Wind power accounts nearly 9.87% of India's total installed power generation capacity and generated 46,011 million kWh in the fiscal year 2016-17 which is nearly 3% of total electricity generation.[10] The capacity utilisation factor is nearly 19.62% in the fiscal year 2016-17 (14% in 2015-16). 70% of wind generation is during the five months duration from May to September coinciding with Southwest monsoon duration.[11] In India, solar power is complementary to wind power as it is generated mostly during the non monsoon period in day time.[12]

text:
Installed Wind Power Capacity

Fiscal
Year End Cumulative Capacity (in MW)

2005

6,270

2006

7,850

2007

9,587

2008

10,925

2009

13,064

2010

16,084

2011

18,421

2012

20,149

2013

21,264

2014

23,354

2015

26,769

2016

32,280

text:
Monthly Electricity Generation in India April, 2016 - March, 2017[13]

Month
North
West
South
East
North East
Total (GWh)

April 2016
389.22
1,247.89
594.23
-
-
2,231.34

May 2016
835.44
2,325.41
971.22
-
-
4,132.07

June 2016
748.81
2,626.66
2,478.78
-
-
5,854.25

July 2016
885.99
2,688.32
3,403.20
-
-
6,977.50

August 2016
449.42
2,844.68
3,524.68
-
-
6,818.77

September 2016
631.81
1,690.13
3,274.02
-
-
5,595.97

October 2016
339.48
730.70
2,537.50
-
-
3,607.68

November 2016
155.90
571.09
1,136.98
-
-
1,863.98

December 2016
201.95
824.41
753.53
-
-
1,779.89

January 2017
392.79
1,004.97
910.69
-
-
2,308.45

February 2017
365.66
1,047.70
1,072.61
-
-
2,485.97

March 2017
365.15
1,181.97
808.53
-
-
2,355.65

Total (GWh)
5,761.62
18,783.93
21,465.97
-
-
46,011.52

text: Statistics[edit]

text: The table below shows the India's year on year installed wind power, annual wind power generation and annual growth in wind power generation since 2007.[14]

text:
Installed wind power capacity and generation in India since 2007

Financial year
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17

Installed capacity (MW)
7,850
9,587
10,925
13,064
16,084
18,421
20,150
22,465
23,447
26,777
32,280

Generation (GWh)

28,214
28,604
46,011

text: Wind power by state[edit]

text: There is a growing number of wind energy installations in states across India.

text:
Installed wind capacity by state as of 19 October 2016[15][16]

State
Total Capacity (MW)

Tamil Nadu
7,684.31

Maharashtra
4,664.08

Gujarat
4,227.31

Rajasthan
4,123.35

Karnataka
3,082.45

Madhya Pradesh
2,288.60

Andhra Pradesh
1,866.35

Telangana
98.70

Kerala
43.50

Others
4.30

Total
28,082.95

text: Tamil Nadu[edit]

text: Tamil Nadu's wind power capacity is around 29% of India's total.[when?] The Government of Tamil Nadu realized the importance and need for renewable energy, and set up a separate Agency, as registered society, called the Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) as early as 1985. Now,[when?] Tamil Nadu has become a leader in Wind Power in India. In Muppandal windfarm the total capacity is 1500 MW, the largest wind power plant in India. The total wind installed capacity in Tamil Nadu is 7633 MW.[17] During the fiscal year 2014-15, the electricity generation is 9.521 GWh, with about a 15% capacity utilization factor.[18]

text: Maharashtra[edit]

text: Maharashtra is one of the prominent states that installed wind power projects second to Tamil Nadu in India. As of end of March 2016, installed wind power capacity is 4655.25 MW[citation needed]. As of now[when?] there are 50 developers registered with state nodal agency "Maharashtra energy Development Agency" for development of wind power projects. All the major manufacturers of wind turbines including Suzlon, Vestas, Gamesa, Regen, Leitner Shriram have presence in Maharashtra.

text: Gujarat[edit]

text: Gujarat government's focus on tapping renewable energy has led to sharp rise in the wind power capacity in the last few years. According to official data, wind power generations capacity in the state has increased a staggering ten times in just six years. ONGC Ltd. has installed a 51MW wind energy farm at Bhuj in Gujarat. Renewable energy projects worth a massive Rs 1 lakh crore of memorandums of understanding (MoUs) in the Vibrant Gujarat Summit in 2017.[19]

text: Rajasthan[edit]

text: 4031.99 MW wind power installed as per 31.03.2016.[citation needed]

text: Madhya Pradesh[edit]

text: In consideration of unique concept, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh has sanctioned another 15 MW project to Madhya Pradesh Windfarms Ltd. MPWL, Bhopal at Nagda Hills near Dewas under consultation from Consolidated Energy Consultants Ltd. CECL Bhopal. All the 25 WEGs have been commissioned on 31.03.2008 and under successful operation.[20]

text: Kerala[edit]

text: 55 MW production of wind power is installed in Kerala. The first wind farm of the state was set up 1997[when?] at Kanjikode in Palakkad district.[citation needed]

text: The agency has identified 16 sites for setting up wind farms through private developers.[citation needed]

text: Odisha[edit]

text: Odisha a coastal state has higher potential for wind energy. Current installation capacity stands at 2.0 MW. Odisha has a windpower potential of 1700MW. The Govt of Odisha is actively pursuing to boost Wind power generation in the state. however it has not progressed like other states primarily because Odisha having a huge coal reserve and number of existing and upcoming thermal power plants, is a power surplus state.[21]

text: West Bengal[edit]

text: The total installation in West Bengal is 2.10 MW till Dec 2009 at Fraserganj, Distt- South 24 Paraganas. More 0.5 MW (approx) at Ganga Sagar, Kakdwip, Distt - South 24 Paraganas. Both the project owned by West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA), Govt. of WB and project was executed on turnkey basis by Utility Powertech Limited (UPL).[citation needed]

text: Jammu and Kashmir[edit]

text: The Kargil, Ladakh, occupied Gilgit and China occupied Aksai Chin regions of Jammu and Kashmir state are potential wind energy areas, which are yet to be exploited.[7] Wind Speeds are higher during the winter months in the state, which is complimentary to the hydro power available during the summer months from the snow melt water. Being a Himalayan state located at higher altitude, the heating energy requirements are high which can be met by the renewable energy resources such as wind, solar and hydro power. The state is yet to open its account in grid connected wind power installations.

text: Projects[edit]

text: India's largest wind power production facilities (10MW and greater)[22]

text:
Rank
Power plant
Producer
Location
State
MWe

1
Muppandal windfarm[23]
Muppandal Wind
Kanyakumari
Tamil Nadu
1500

2
Jaisalmer Wind Park[24]
Suzlon Energy
Jaisalmer
Rajasthan
1064

3
Brahmanvel windfarm[25]
Parakh Agro Industries
Dhule
Maharashtra
528

4
Dhalgaon windfarm[26]
Gadre Marine Exports
Sangli
Maharashtra
278

5
Vankusawade Wind Park
Suzlon Energy Ltd.
Satara District.
Maharashtra
259

6
Vaspet
ReNew Power
Vaspet
Maharashtra
144

7
Beluguppa Wind Park
Orange Renewable
Beluguppa
Andhra Pradesh
100.8

8
Mamatkheda Wind Park
Orange Renewable
Mamatkheda
Madhya Pradesh
100.5

9
Anantapur Wind Park
Orange Renewable
Nimbagallu
Andhra Pradesh
100

10
Damanjodi Wind Power Plant
Suzlon Energy Ltd.
Damanjodi
Odisha
99

11
Jath
ReNew Power
Jath
Maharashtra
84

12
Welturi
ReNew Power
Welturi
Maharashtra
75

13
Acciona Tuppadahalli
Tuppadahalli Energy India Pvt Ltd
Chitradurga District
Karnataka
56.1

14
Dangiri Wind Farm
Oil India Ltd.
Jaiselmer
Rajasthan
54

15
Bercha Wind Park
Orange Renewable
Ratlam
Madhya Pradesh
50

16
Cape Comorin
Aban Loyd Chiles Offshore Ltd.
Kanyakumari
Tamil Nadu
33

17
Kayathar Subhash
Subhash Ltd.
Kayathar
Tamil Nadu
30

18
Jasdan
ReNew Power
Jasdan
Gujarat
25.2

19
Ramakkalmedu
Subhash Ltd.
Ramakkalmedu
Kerala
25

20
Gudimangalam
Gudimangalam Wind Farm
Gudimangalam
Tamil Nadu
21

21
Shalivahana Wind
Shalivahana Green Energy. Ltd.
Tirupur
Tamil Nadu
20.4[27]

22
Puthlur RCI
Wescare (India) Ltd.
Puthlur
Andhra Pradesh
20

23
Lamda Danida
Danida India Ltd.
Lamba
Gujarat
15

24
Chennai Mohan
Mohan Breweries & Distilleries
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
15

25
Shah Gajendragarh
MMTCL
Gadag
Karnataka
15

26
Jamgudrani MP
MP Windfarms Ltd.
Dewas
Madhya Pradesh
14

27
Jogmatti BSES
BSES Ltd.
Chitradurga District
Karnataka
14

28
Perungudi Newam
Newam Power Company Ltd.
Perungudi
Tamil Nadu
12

29
Kethanur Wind Farm
Kethanur Wind Farm
Kethanur
Tamil Nadu
11

30
Shah Gajendragarh
Sanjay D. Ghodawat
Gadag
Karnataka
10.8

31
Hyderabad TSRTC
Telangana SRTC
Hyderabad
Telangana
10

32
Muppandal Madras
Madras Cements Ltd.
Muppandal
Tamil Nadu
10

34
Poolavadi Chettinad
Chettinad Cement Corp. Ltd.
Poolavadi
Tamil Nadu
10

text: Offshore wind power plants[edit]

text: India is planning to enter into offshore wind power, with a 100 MW demonstration plant located off the Gujarat coast.[28] In 2013, a consortium (instead of group of organizations), led by Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) started project FOWIND (Facilitating Offshore Wind in India) to identify potential zones for development of off-shore wind power in India and to stimulate R & D activities in this area.[29] The other consortium partners include the Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), DNV GL, the Gujarat Power Corporation Limited (GPCL) and the World Institute of Sustainable Energy (WISE). The consortium was awarded the grant of €4.0 million by the delegation of the European Union to India in 2013 besides co-funding support from GPCL. The project action will be implemented from December 2013 to March 2018.

text: The project focuses on the States of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu for identification of potential zones for development through techno-commercial analysis and preliminary resource assessment. It will also establish a platform for structural collaboration and knowledge sharing between stakeholders from European Union and India, on offshore wind technology, policy, regulation, industry and human resource development. FOWIND activities will also help facilitate a platform to stimulate offshore wind related R&D activities in the country. The consortium published initial pre-feasibility assessment reports for offshore wind farm development in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu on 16 June 2015.[30][31] In September 2015, the India's cabinet has approved the National Offshore Wind Energy Policy. With this, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been authorized as the Nodal Ministry for use of offshore areas within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)[32]