document_title: Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, 2018

question_text: how much seat required to make government in karnatak

text: Background[edit]

text: The tenure of 15 th Karnataka Assembly ended on May 28, 2018.[8]

text: Organization[edit]

text: The Times of India reported in late February 2018 that the state had fewer electronic voting machines than the minimum mandated requirement to be stored going into elections for any state assembly. The report stated that only 20 per cent or 11,398 EVMs were in place against the requirement of 56,994 machines, one each for a polling station. Bharat Electronics Limited, which provides 80 per cent of the machines began supplying during this time.[9] The District Election Officer for the Bangalore region stated that a "vulnerability mapping exercise" would be conducted to ensure "free and fair polls". He added that 550 Sector teams, each headed by a sector magistrate, a police officer (not below the rank of an Assistant sub-inspector) and a videographer, were formed, one for every 15 of the 8,274 polling stations in the said region.[10]

text: Schedule[edit]

text: The schedule of the election was announced by the Election Commission of India on 27 March 2018. It announced that polling would be held in a single phase on 12 May and that results would be declared on 15 May.[11] It also declared that the provisions of the Model Code of Conduct "came into force with immediate effect" with the said announcement.[12][13]

text:
Event
Date
Day

Date for nominations
17 April 2018
Tuesday

Last date for filing nominations
24 April 2018
Tuesday

Date for scrutiny of nominations
25 April 2018
Wednesday

Last date for withdrawal of candidatures
27 April 2018
Friday

Date of poll
12 May 2018
Saturday

Date of counting
15 May 2018
Tuesday

Date before which the election shall be completed
31 May 2018
Thursday

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Leaked election dates[edit]

text: The Election Commission of India ran into a major embarrassment on 27 March 2018, when BJP IT cell head Amit Malviya and Karnataka Congress' social media in-charge, Srivasta, tweeted the dates before they were officially released.[14][15] However, both of them got the counting day incorrect in their tweets. Both the tweets were deleted after an outrage on Twitter. Amit Malviya later claimed that he got the information from Times Now, a 24-hour English news channel.[16] The news was reportedly also shown by a local Kannada news channel. Later it was revealed that even Times Now got the counting day incorrectly as May 18, 2018, instead of May 15, 2018.[17]

text: Om Prakash Rawat, the Chief Election Commissioner of India, formed a committee to investigate into the alleged leak.[18] The terms of reference of the formed committee included probing certain media outlets and Congress' social media head Srivasta, but not BJP's Amit Malviya.[19] This prompted allegations of the Election Commission of India being biased for the BJP by the Congress.

text: On 14 April 2018, the committee said that the media reports were mere speculation and not a leak.[20]

text: Voter ID fraud case[edit]

text: On 11 May 2018, Congress MLA Munirathna and 13 others were booked in an alleged fake voter ID scam.On 8 May 2018, almost 10,000 voter ID cards, along with several laptops, were found in a flat in Bengaluru owned by former BJP leader Manjula Nanjamari.[21][22] Apart from the voter IDs and laptops, the Munirathna's pamphlets were also found, which turned the needle of suspicion on Munirathna. After the FIR, Munirathna said “I’ve distributed 40,000 pamphlets asking for votes for me in my constituency and you will find them in every home in my segment. I’ve been named as accused no. 14 because one such pamphlet was found in the flat that was raided. This is an outrageous complaint against me and part of the concerted propaganda to harass and humiliate me.”[23][24]

text: The polling in RR Nagar was postponed to 28 May 2018 and the counting of votes was done on 31 May 2018.

text: Kaveri river water scandal[edit]

text: The Karnataka Legislative Assembly election sparked criticisms from Tamil Nadu over the Karnataka's government for not addressing the issue on properly and for its delay in setting up a Kaveri Management Board.[25][26] The Supreme Court also issued a strict notice to the Karnataka state government for using the Karnataka Legislative state election as an excuse to resolve the Kaveri riverwater crisis with Tamil Nadu cannot be acceptable. The election was one of the hottest points considered by the critics for the future of Karnataka in dealing with the rivals, Tamil Nadu over the Kaveri River water dispute.[27]

text: Election campaign[edit]

text: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) officially began its election campaign on 2 November 2017.[28] The party spent 85 days covering all the assembly constituencies, culminating in Bangalore on 4 February 2018, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressing it.[29] In early March, the party launched a 14-day Protect Bengaluru March travelling across Bangalore aimed at, according to the party, "reviving" and "rebuilding" the city from Indian National Congress' "criminal neglect".[30]

text: In December 2017, the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee, although not part of the election campaign, undertook a task of setting up booth-level committees at 54,261 locations in the state which will be responsible to disseminate information on various programmes of the ruling Indian National Congress and their implementation. The move was seen as an "extensive outreach programme" preceding the elections.[31]

text: Opinion polls[edit]

text:
hidePolling firm/Commissioner
Date published

Lead

BJP
INC
JD(S)
Others

Public TV[32]
2 January 2018
85–95
90–95
40–45
0–6
15

TV9-CVoter[33]
5 January 2018
96
35.90%
102
36.60%
15
18.80%
1
8.70%
6
0.7%

CHS[34]
13 January 2018
73–76
36.40%
77–81
33.20%
64–66
24.90%

5
-3.2%

Creative Center for Political and Social Studies[35]
2 February 2018
113
85
25
1
28

C-Fore[36]
26 March 2018
70
31.00%
126
46.00%
27
16.00%
1
7.00%
56
15.0%

India Today-Karvy Insights[37]
13 April 2018
78-86
35%
90-101
37%
34-43
19%
2-12
9%
14
2.0%

BTV[38]
19 April 2018
82-87
35%
94-99
37%
39-44
19%
2-6
9%
12
2.0%

Times Now-VMR[39]
23 April 2018
89
35%
91
37%
40
19%
4
9%
2
2.0%

Jain Lokniti-CSDS[40]
23 April 2018
89-95
35%
85-91
37%
32-38
20%
12
8%
4
-2.0%

C-Fore[41]
1 May 2018
63-73
35%
118-128
37%
29-36
20%
2-7
8%
55
2.0%

Jan Ki Baat[42]
4 May 2018
102-108
40%
72-74
38%
42-44
20%
2-4
2%
30
2.0%

ABP News-CSDS[43]
7 May 2018
79-89
33%
92-102
38%
34-42
22%
1-7
7%
13
5.0%

Flash News - TV 5[44]
7 May 2018
110-120
36-38%
65-75
33-35%
38-42
20-22%
2-6
45
3.0%

Samyuktha TV[45]
8 May 2018
80–90
100–110
40–45
0–6
20

Spick Media[46]
9 May 2018
88
101
31
3
13

India TV[47]
9 May 2018
85
96
38
4
11

News X-CNX[48]
9 May 2018
87
90
39
7
3

Average as on 8 May 2018
87
96
36
05
9

text: Preferred Chief Ministerings polling[edit]

text: Some opinion pollsters asked voters the party leader they would prefer as Chief Minister – Siddaramaiah (Indian National Congress), B. S. Yeddyurappa (Bharatiya Janata Party). or H. D. Kumaraswamy (Janata Dal (Secular)). Lokniti-CSDS conducted surveys between 10 and 15 January interviewing 878 people. While 34 per cent of the sample wanted Siddaramaiah to remain the chief minister for the next term, 19 per cent chose Kumaraswamy and 14 per cent chose Yeddyurappa.[49] A poll conducted by CHS in the same month found that Kumaraswamy was the first choice, followed by Yeddyurappa and Siddaramaiah in that order.[50] C-Fore's survey of a sample size of 22,357 voters across 154 assembly constituencies between 1 and 25 March showed that Siddaramaiah, with 45 per cent, was the most popular choice for Chief Minister, followed by Yeddyurappa at 26 per cent and Kumaraswamy at 13 per cent, while 16 per cent preferred 'others'.[51]

text: Exit polls[edit]

text: The exit polls remained divided, with only one predicting that a party - BJP - will get past the majority mark. 5 predicted that BJP will have the most seats, while 2 predicted that the Congress is in comfortable lead, and 1 predicted a cliffhanger. Today's Chanakya exit poll, which was released last and took into account voting right until polling closure time, predicted clear majority for BJP.

text:
Exit Pollshide

Polling firm/Commissioner
Date published

Lead

BJP
INC
JD(S)
Others

IndiaTV-VMR[52]
12 May 2018
94
97
28
3
3

Republic TV-Jan Ki Baat[53]
12 May 2018
105
78
37
2
27

ABP News-C Voter[54]
12 May 2018
110
88
24
2
22

Times Now-VMR[55]
12 May 2018
87
97
35
3
10

Times Now-Today's Chanakya[56]
12 May 2018
120
73
26
3
47

India Today-Axis My India[57]
12 May 2018
85
111
26
0
26

NewsX-CNX[58]
12 May 2018
106
75
37
4
31

News Nation[59]
12 May 2018
107
73
38
4
34

text: Results[edit]

text: Seats and vote-share[edit]

text: The election led to a hung assembly, with the BJP emerging as the largest party, with 104 seats, but failing to win a majority.[7] The popular vote was won by the Congress. The seat and vote share was as follows -

text:
Parties and coalitions
Popular vote
Seats

Votes
%
±pp
Won
+/−

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
13,328,524
36.35
16.3
104
64

Indian National Congress (INC)
13,986,526
38.14
1.4
80
42

Janata Dal (Secular) (JDS)
6,726,667
18.3
1.9
37
3

Independents (IND)
14,38,106
3.9
 3.5
1
8

Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
1,08,592
0.32

1
1

Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party (KPJP)
74,229
0.2

1
1

Other parties and candidates
6,83,632
2.2

0
13

None of the Above (NOTA)
3,22,841
0.9

Total

100.00

224
±0

text: An analysis of the result showed that the BJP lost 9 seats with very small margin against the Congress. If 6730 votes had switched over from the Congress to the BJP, the BJP could have won 113 seats. Similarly, the Congress would have needed a minimum of 1,25,608 votes to switch over to its side for it to increase its tally from 78 to 113.[60]

text: List of winning candidates[edit]

text: The election results for each constituency are as follows[61]

text:
no
Constituency
Party
Candidate
Margin
2018 Party
2018 Candidate
2018 margin

1
Nippani
BJP
Shashikala Annasaheb Jolle
8,506
BJP
Shashikala Annasaheb Jolle
08662

2
Chikkodi-Sadalga
INC
Ganesh Hukkeri
10,569
INC
Prakash Babanna Hukkeri
76,588

3
Athani
INC
Mahesh Eranagouda Kumatalli
2,331
BJP
Laxman Savadi
23,771

4
Kagwad
INC
Shrimant Balasaheb Patil
23942
BJP
Bharamgouda Alagouda Kage
2887

5
Kudachi (SC)
BJP
P. Rajeev
15,008
BSR Congress
P. Rajeev
46,234

6
Raybag (SC)
BJP
Duryodhan Mahalingappa Aihole
16,548
BJP
Duryodhan Mahalingappa Aihole
829

7
Hukkeri
BJP
Umesh Vishwanath Katti
15,385
BJP
Umesh Vishwanath Katti
57,326

8
Arabhavi
BJP
Balachandra Jarkiholi
47,328
BJP
Balachandra Jarkiholi
75,221

9
Gokak
INC
Ramesh Jarkiholi
14,280
INC
Ramesh Jarkiholi
28,005

10
Yemkanmardi (ST)
INC
Satish Jarkiholi
2,850
INC
Satish Jarkiholi
24,350

11
Belagavi Uttar
BJP
Anil Benake
17,267
INC
Fairoz Nuruddin Saith
18,210

12
Belagavi Dakshin
BJP
Abhay Patil
58,692
IND
Sambhaji Lakshman Patil
6,310

13
Belagavi Rural
INC
Lakshmi Hebbalkar
51,724
BJP
Sanjay B. Patil
1,335

14
Khanapur
INC
Anjali Nimbalkar
5,133
IND
Arvind Chandrakant Patil
16,152

15
Kittur
BJP
Doddagoudar Mahantesh Basavantaray
32,862
INC
Arvind Chandrakant Patil
18,290

16
Koujalagi Mahantesh Shivanand
INC
Bailhongal
5,122
KJP
Vishwanath Patil
3,621

17
Saundatti Yellamma
BJP
Vishwanath Chandrashekhar Mamani
6,291
BJP
Vishwanath Chandrashekhar Mamani
16,042

18
Ramdurg
BJP
Mahadevappa Shivalingappa Yadawad
2,875
INC
Ashok Pattan
4,984

19
Mudhol (SC)
BJP
Govind M. Karjol
15,482
BJP
Govind M. Karjol
5,178

20
Terdal
BJP
Siddu Savadi
20,889
INC
Umashree
2,599

21
Jamkhandi
INC
Siddu Bhimappa Nyamgoud
2,795
INC
Siddu Bhimappa Nyamgoud
21,152

22
Bilgi
BJP
Murugesh Nirani
4811
INC
J. T. Patil
11,238

23
Badami
INC
Siddaramaiah
1,696
INC
Chimmanakatti Balappa Bhimappa
15,113

24
Bagalkot
BJP
Veerabhadrayya Charantimath
15,934
INC
Meti Hullappa Yamanappa
2,900

25
Hungund
BJP
Doddanagouda Patil
5227
INC
Vijayanand Kashappanavar
15797

26
Muddebihal
BJP
A. S. Patil (Nadahalli)
8,633
INC
Channabasavaraj Nadagoud
12,202

27
Devar Hippargi
BJP
Somanagouda Patil
3,353
INC
Aminappagouda Patil
8,096

28
Basavana Bagevadi
INC
Shivanand Patil
3,186
INC
Shivanand Patil
19,676

29
Babaleshwar
INC
M. B. Patil
29,715
INC
M. B. Patil
4,355

30
Bijapur City
BJP
Basangouda Patil Yatnal
6,413
INC
Makbul S Bagawan
9,380

31
Nagthan (SC)
JD(S)
Devanand Fulasing Chavan
5601
INC
Raju Alagur
667

32
Indi
INC
Yashavanthar Aygouda Vittalagouda Patil
9,938
INC
Yashavanthar Aygouda Vittalagouda Patil
33,302

33
Sindgi
JD(S)
Managuli Mallappa Channaveerappa
9,305
BJP
Ramesh Balappa Bhusanur
752

34
Afzalpur
INC
M. Y. Patil
10594
INC
Malikayya Guttedar
5238

35
Jevargi
INC
Ajay Singh
16,056
INC
Ajay Singh
407

36
Shorapur (ST)
BJP
Narasimhanayak (Rajugouda)
22,568
INC
Raja Venkatappa Nayak
4,075

37
Shahapur
INC
Sharanabasappa Gouda Darshanapur
30,974
KJP
Guru Patil Shiraval
5,796

38
Yadgir
BJP
Venkatreddy Mudnal
12,881
INC
Maalakareddy
9,104

39
Gurmitkal
JD(S)
Naganagouda Kandkur
24,480
INC
Baburao Chinchansur
1,650

40
Chittapur (SC)
INC
Priyank M. Kharge
4,393
INC
Priyank Kharge
31,191

41
Sedam
BJP
Rajkumar Patil
7,200
BJP
Sharan Prakash Patil
11,895

42
Chincholi (SC)
INC
Umesh G. Jadhav
19,212
INC
Umesh G. Jadhav
26,060

43
Gulbarga Rural (SC)
BJP
Basawaraj Mattimud
12,386
INC
G. Ramakrishna
7,209

44
Gulbarga Dakshin
BJP
Dattatraya C. Patil
5,431
BJP
Dattatraya C. Patil
9,970

45
Gulbarga Uttar[62]
INC
Kaneez Fatima
5,940
INC
Qamar ul Islam
20,121

46
Aland
BJP
Guttedar Subhash Rukmayya
697
KJP
B. R. Patil
17,114

47
Basavakalyan
INC
B. Narayanrao
17,272
JD(S)
Mallikarjun Khuba
15,893

48
Homnabad
INC
Rajshekhar Basavaraj Patil
31,814
INC
Rajshekhar Basavaraj Patil
24,500

50
Bidar South
JD(S)
Bandeppa Kashempur
12,742
KMP
Ashok Kheny
15,788

49
Bidar
INC
Rahim Khan
10,245
KJP
Gurupadappa Nagamarapalli
2,571

51
Bhalki
INC
Eshwara Khandre
21,438
INC
Eshwara Khandre
5,669

52
Aurad (SC)
BJP
Prabhu Chauhan
10,592
BJP
Prabhu Chauhan
23,191

53
Raichur Rural (ST)
INC
Basanagouda Daddal
9,964
BJP
Thipparaja Hawaldar
3,270

54
Raichur
BJP
Shivaraj Patil
10,991
JD(S)
Shivaraj Patil
7,871

55
Manvi (ST)
JD(S)
Raja Venkatappa Nayak Raja Ambanna Nayak
15,815
INC
G. Hampayya Sahukar Ballatagi
6,987

56
Devadurga (ST)
BJP
K. Shivana Gouda Nayak
21,045
INC
Venkatesh Nayak
3,700

57
Lingsugur (SC)
INC
D. S. Hoolageri
4,946
JD(S)
Manappa D. Vajjal
1,286

58
Sindhanur
JD(S)
Venkatrao Nadagouda
1,597
INC
Badarli Hampanagouda
13,016

59
Maski (ST)
INC
Pratapagouda Patil
213
INC
Pratapagouda Patil
19,147

60
Kushtagi
INC
Amaregouda Linganagouda Patil Bayyapur
18,031
BJP
Doddanagouda Hanamagouda Patil
3,037

61
Kanakagiri (SC)
BJP
Basavaraj Dhadesugur
14,225
INC
Shivaraj Tangadagi
5,052

62
Gangawati
BJP
Paranna Munavalli
7,973
JD(S)
Iqbal Ansari
29,789

63
Yelburga
BJP
Achar Halappa Basappa
13,318
INC
Basavaraj Rayareddy
16,900

64
Koppal
INC
Raghavendra Hitnal
26,351
INC
Raghavendra Hitnal
26,788

65
Shirahatti (SC)
BJP
Ramappa Lamani
29,993
INC
Doddamani Ramakrishna Siddalingappa
315

66
Gadag
INC
H. K. Patil
1,868
INC
H. K. Patil
33,727

67
Ron
BJP
Kalakappa Bandi
7,334
INC
Gurupadagouda Patil
18,227

68
Nargund
BJP
C. C. Patil
7,979
INC
B. R. Yavagal
8,585

69
Navalgund
BJP
Patil Munenakoppa Shankar
20,521
JD(S)
N. H. Konaraddi
2,669

70
Kundgol
INC
Channabasappa Satyappa Shivalli
634
INC
Channabasappa Satyappa Shivalli
21,072

71
Dharwad
BJP
Amrupayyappa Desai
20,340
INC
Vinay Kulkarni
18,320

72
Hubli-Dharwad-East (SC)
INC
Abbayya Prasad
21,467
INC
Abbayya Prasad
13,522

73
Hubli-Dharwad-Central
BJP
Jagadish Shettar
23,306
BJP
Jagadish Shettar
17,754

74
Hubli-Dharwad- West
BJP
Aravind Bellad
40,487
BJP
Aravind Bellad
11,182

75
Kalghatgi
BJP
C. M. Nimbannavar
25,997
INC
Santosh Lad
45,661

76
Haliyal
INC
R. V. Deshpande
5,140
INC
R. V. Deshpande
5,939

77
Karwar
BJP
Roopali Naik
14066
IND
Santeesh Sail Krishna
35,880

78
Kumta
BJP
Dinakar Keshav Shetty
32,750
INC
Sharada Mohan Shetty
420

79
Bhatkal
BJP
Sunil Biliya Naik
5,930
IND
M. S. Vaidya
9,884

80
Sirsi
BJP
Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri
17,461
BJP
Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri
3,059

81
Yellapur
INC
Arbail Hebbar Shivaram
1,483
INC
Arbail Hebbar Shivaram
24,490

82
Hangal
BJP
Udasi C. M.
6,515
INC
Manohar Tahsildar
5,686

83
Shiggaon
BJP
Basavaraj Bommai
9,265
BJP
Basavaraj Bommai
9,503

84
Haveri (SC)
BJP
Neharu Olekar
11,304
INC
Rudrappa Manappa Lamani
30,208

85
Byadgi
BJP
Ballary Virupakshappa Rudrappa
21,271
INC
Basavaraj Neelappa Shivannanavar
13,359

86
Hirekerur
INC
B. C. Patil
555
KJP
U. B. Banakar
2,606

87
Ranibennur
KPJP
R. Shankar
4,338
INC
K. B. Koliwad
6,788

88
Hadagalli (SC)
JD(S)
M. V. Veerabhadraiah
9,178
JD(S)
M. V. Veerabhadraiah
40,810

89
Hagaribommanahalli (SC)
INC
Bheema Naik L. B. P.
7,232
JD(S)
Bheema Naik L. B. P.
125

90
Vijayanagara
INC
Anand Singh
8,228
BJP
Anand Singh
30,637

91
Kampli (ST)
INC
J. N. Ganesh
5,555
BSRCP
T. H. Suresh Babu
34,396

92
Siruguppa (ST)
BJP
M. S. Somalingappa
21,271
INC
B. M. Nagaraj
21,814

93
Bellary (ST)
INC
B. Nagendra
2,679
BSRCP
B. Sriramulu
33,294

94
Bellary City
BJP
G. Somashekara Reddy
16,155
INC
Anil Lad
16,155

95
Sandur (ST)
INC
E. Tukaram
14,010
INC
E. Tukaram
34,631

96
Kudligi (ST)
BJP
N. Y. Gopalakrishna
10813
IND
B. NAGENDRA
24803

97
Molakalmuru (ST)
BJP
B. Sreeramulu
42045
BSRCP
S. THIPPESWAMY
7169

98
Challakere (ST)
INC
T. Raghumurthy
13539
INC
T. Raghumurthy
23123

99
Chitradurga
BJP
G. H Thippa Reddy
32985
BJP
G. H Thippa Reddy
26718

100
Hiriyur
BJP
K. Poornima
12875
INC
D.SUDHAKAR
1205

101
Hosadurga
BJP
Gulhatty D. Shekhar
25992
INC
B.G. GOVINDAPPA
20017

102
Holalkere (SC)
BJP
M. Chandrappa
38940
INC
H. ANJANEYA
12864

103
Jagalur (ST)
BJP
S. V. Ramachandra
29221
INC
H.P.RAJESH
36890

104
Harapanahalli
BJP
G. Karunakara Reddy
9647
INC
M P RAVINDRA
8406

105
Harihar
INC
S. Ramaappa
7260
JD(S)
H.S. SHIVASHANKAR
19053

106
Davanagere North
BJP
S. A. Ravindranath
4071
INC
S S MALLIKARJUNA
57280

107
Davanagere South
INC
Shamanur Shivashankarappa
15884
INC
Shamanur Shivashankarappa
40158

108
Mayakonda (SC)
BJP
N. Liganna
6458
INC
[K.SHIVAMURTHY
694

109
Channagiri
BJP
K .Madal Veerupakshappa
25780
INC
VADNAL RAJANNA
1773

110
Honnali
BJP
M. P. Renukacharya
4233
INC
D. G SHANTANA GOWDA
18738

111
Shimoga Rural (SC)
BJP
K. B. Ashok Naik
3777
JD(S)
SHARADA POORYANAIK
10109

112
Bhadravati
INC
B.K. Sangameshwara
11567
JD(S)
APPAJI. M.J
44099

113
Shimoga
BJP
K. S. Eshwarappa
46107
INC
K. B. Prasanna Kumar
278

114
Tirthahalli
BJP
Araga Jnanendra
21955
INC
Kimmane Rathnakar
1343

115
Shikaripura
BJP
B. S. Yeddyurappa
35,397
KJP
B. S. Yeddyurappa
24,425

116
Sorab
BJP
Kumar Bangarappa
13,286
JD(S)
Madhu Bangarappa
13,225

117
Sagar
BJP
Hartalu Halappa
8,039
INC
Kagodu Thimmappa
41,248

118
Byndoor
BJP
B. M. Sukumar Shetty
24,393
INC
K. Gopala Poojary
31,149

119
Kundapura
BJP
Halady Srinivas Shetty
56,105
IND
Halady Srinivas Shetty
40,611

120
Udupi
BJP
K. Raghupati Bhat
12,044
INC
Pramodh Madhvaraj
39,524

121
Kapu
BJP
Lalaji Mendon
11,917
INC
Vinay Kumar Sorake
1,855

122
Karkar
BJP
V. Sunil Kumar
42,566
BJP
V. Sunil Kumar
4,254

123
Sringeri
INC
T. D. Rajegowda
1,989
BJP
D. N. Jeevaraj
3,452

124
Mudigere (SC)
BJP
M. P. Kumaraswamy
12,512
JD(S)
B. B. Ningaiah
635

125
Chikmagalur
BJP
C. T. Ravi
26,314
BJP
C. T. Ravi
10,988

126
Tarikere
BJP
D. S. Suresh
11687
INC
G.H SRINIVASA
899

127
Kadur
BJP
Belliprakash
15372
JD(S)
Y.S.V.DATTA
42433

128
Chiknayakanhalli
BJP
J. C. Madhu Swamy
10277
JD(S)
C.B.SURESHBABU
11139

129
Tiptur
BJP
B. C. Nagesh
25563
INC
K.SHADAKSHARI
11602

130
Turuvekere
BJP
Jayaram A S
2049
JD(S)
M.T.KRISHNAPPA
2049

131
Kunigal
INC
Dr H.D. Ranganath
5600
JD(S)
D. NAGARAJAIAH
9632

132
Tumkur City
BJP
G. B. Jyothi Ganesh
5293
INC
DR. RAFEEQ AHMED S
3608

133
Tumkur Rural
JD(S)
D. C. Gowrishankar
5640
BJP
B.SURESH GOWDA
1572

134
Koratagere (SC)
INC
Dr. G. Parameshwara
7619
JD(S)
SUDHAKARA LAL .P.R
18155

135
Gubbi
JD(S)
S R Srinivas (Vasu)
9081
JD(S)
S R Srinivas (Vasu)
7244

136
Sira
JD(S)
B Sathyanarayanav
10365
INC
T B JAYACHANDRA
14681

137
Pavagada (SC)
INC
Venkata Ramanappa
409
JD(S)
K.M.THIMMARAYAPPA
4863

138
Madhugiri
JD(S)
M.V Veerabhadraiah
18574
INC
KYATASANDRA N.RAJANNA
14427

139
Gauribidanur
INC
N.H.Shivashankara Reddy
9168
INC
N.H.Shivashankara Reddy
6075

140
Bagepalli
INC
S.N. Subbareddy
14013
IND
S.N. Subbareddy
30755

141
Chikkaballapur
INC
Dr. K. Sudhakar
30431
INC
Dr. K. Sudhakar
15048

142
Sidlaghatta
INC
V. Muniyappa
9709
JD(S)
M. RAJANNA
15479

143
Chintamani
JD(S)
J K Krishna Reddy
5673
JD(S)
J K Krishna Reddy
1696

144
Srinivaspur
INC
K R Ramesh Kumar
10552
INC
K R Ramesh Kumar
3893

145
Mulbagal (SC)
JD(S)
H. Nagesh
6715
IND
G.MANJUNATHA
33734

146
Kolar Gold Field (SC)
INC
Roopakala. M
40827
BJP
RAMAKKA .Y
26022

147
Bangarapet (SC)
INC
S.N. Narayanaswamy K.M
21571
INC
S.N. Narayanaswamy K.M
28377

148
Kolar
INC
Roopakala. M
44251
IND
R. VATHUR PRAKASH
12591

149
Malur
INC
K.Y. Nanjegowda
17915
JD(S)
K.S. MANJUNATHGOWDA
18769

150
Yelahanka
BJP
S. R. Vishwanath
42503
BJP
S. R. Vishwanath
18397

151
K.R. Puram
INC
B.A. Basavaraja
32729
INC
B.A. Basavaraja
24001

152
Byatarayanapura
INC
Krishna Byre Gowda
5,671
INC
Krishna Byre Gowda
32,400

154
Yeshvanthapura
INC
S. T. Somashekhar
10,711
INC
S. T. Somashekhar
29,100

155
Dasarahalli
JD(S)
R. Manjunatha
10675
BJP
S MUNIRAJU
10828

156
Mahalakshmi Layout
JD(S)
K. Goapalaiah
41100
JD(S)
K. Goapalaiah
15370

157
Malleshwaram
BJP
C. N. Ashwath Narayan
54,000
BJP
C. N. Ashwath Narayan
21,066

158
Hebbal
INC
Suresha BS
21140
BJP
R. JAGADEESH KUMAR
21140

159
Pulakeshinagar (SC)
INC
R. Akhanda Srinivasamurthi
81626
JD(S)
R. Akhanda Srinivasamurthi
10199

160
Sarvagnanagar
INC
KJ George
53304
INC
KJ George
22853

161
C.V. Raman Nagar (SC)
BJP
S. Raghu
12227
BJP
S. Raghu
8419

162
Shivajinagar
INC
R. Roshan Baig
15040
INC
R. Roshan Baig
20855

163
Shanti Nagar
INC
NA Harris
18205
INC
NA Harris
20187

164
Gandhi Nagar
INC
Dinesh Gundu Rao
10070
INC
Dinesh Gundu Rao
22607

165
Rajaji Nagar
BJP
S. Suresh Kumar
9453
BJP
S. Suresh Kumar
14767

166
Govindraj Nagar
BJP
V. Somanna
11375
INC
PRIYAKRISHNA
42460

167
Vijay Nagar
INC
M . Krishnappa
2775
INC
M . Krishnappa
32642

168
Chamrajpet
INC
B.Z. Zameer Ahmed Khan
33137
JD(S)
B.Z. Zameer Ahmed Khan
30162

169
Chickpet
BJP
Uday B. Garudachar
7934
INC
R.V. DEVRAJ
13049

170
Basavanagudi
BJP
L. A. Ravi Subramanya
38,009
BJP
L. A. Ravi Subramanya
19,713

171
Padmanaba Nagar
BJP
R. Ashoka
12166
BJP
R. Ashoka
20123

172
B.T.M Layout
INC
Ramalinga Reddy
20478
INC
Ramalinga Reddy
49048

173
JayaNagar
INC
Soumya Reddy
2,889
BJP
B. N. Vijayakumar
12,312

174
Mahadevapura (SC)
BJP
Aravind Limbavali
17,784
BJP
Aravind Limbavali
6,149

175
Bommanahalli
BJP
M. Satish Reddy
47,162
BJP
M. Satish Reddy
25,852

176
Bangalore South
BJP
M Krishnappa
30,417
BJP
M. Krishnappa
30,162

177
Anekal (SC)
BJP
B. Shivanna
8627
BJP
B. Shivanna
40182

178
Hosakote
INC
M.T.B. Nagaraju
7597
INC
M.T.B. Nagaraju
7139

179
Devanahalli (SC)
JD(S)
Nisarga Narayana Swamy L.N
17010
JD(S)
Pilla Munishamappa
1942

180
Doddaballapur
INC
T. Venkataramanaiah (Appakaranahalli. T. Venkatesh)
9,945
INC
T. Venkataramanaiah (Appakaranahalli. T. Venkatesh)
1,447

181
Nelamangala (SC)
JD(S)
K. Sreenivasa Murthy
24321
JD(S)
K. Sreenivasa Murthy
15103

182
Magadi
JD(S)
A. Manjunath
51,425
JD(S)
H. C. Balakrishna
14,359

183
Ramanagaram
JD(S)
HD Kumarswamy
22,636
JD(S)
HD Kumarswamy
25,398

184
Kanakapura
INC
D. K. Shivakumar
79,909
INC
D. K. Shivakumar
31,424

185
Channapatna
JD(S)
H. D. Kumaraswamy
21,530
JD(S)
C. P. Yogeshwar
6,464

186
Malavalli (SC)
JD(S)
Dr. K. Annadani
26,760
SP
P. M. Narendra Swamy
538

187
Maddur
JD(S)
D. C. Thammanna
54030
JD(S)
D. C. Thammanna
31958

188
Melukote
JD(S)
C. S. Puttaraju
22,224
SKP
K. S. Puttannaiah
9,848

189
Mandya
JD(S)
M.Srinivas
21,608
INC
Ambareesh
42,937

190
Srirangapatna
JD(S)
Ravindra Srikantaiah
47,667
JD(S)
A. B. Ramesha Bandisiddegowda
20,363

191
Nagamangala
JD(S)
Suresh Gowda
46,667
JD(S)
N. Chaluvaraya Swamy
20,363

192
Krishnarajpete
JD(S)
Narayanagowda
17119
JD(S)
NARAYANAGOWDA
9243

193
Shravanabelagola
JD(S)
C. N. Balakrishna
53,012
JD(S)
C. N. Balakrishna
24,142

193
Arsikere
JD(S)
K. M. Shivalinge Gowda
43,683
JD(S)
K. M. Shivalinge Gowda
29,631

194
Belur
JD(S)
K. S. Lingesha
19,690
INC
Y. N. Rudresh Gowda
7,529

195
Hassan
BJP
Preetham J. Gowda
13,006
JD(S)
H. S. Prakash
4,196

196
Holenarasipur
JD(S)
H. D. Revanna
43,832
JD(S)
H. D. Revanna
30,058

197
Arkalgud
JD(S)
A. T. Ramaswamy
10,653
INC
A. Manju
8,794

198
Sakleshpur (SC)
JD(S)
H. K. Kumaraswamy
4,942
JD(S)
H. K. Kumaraswamy
33,069

199
Belthangady
BJP
Harish Poonja
22,974
INC
K. Vasantha Bangera
15,741

200
Moodabidri
BJP
Umanatha A. Kotian
29,799
INC
Abhayachandra Jain
4,550

201
Mangalore City North
BJP
Bharath Shetty
26,648
INC
B. A. Mohiuddin Bava
5,373

202
Mangalore City South
BJP
D. Vedavyas Kamath
16,075
INC
J. R. Lobo
12,275

203
Mangalore
INC
U. T. Abdul Khadar
19,739
INC
U. T. Abdul Khadar
29,111

204
Bantval
BJP
Rajesh Naik
15,971
INC
Ramanath Rai
17,850

205
Puttur
BJP
Sanjeeva Matandoor
19,477
INC
Shakunthala T. Shetty
4,289

206
Sullia (SC)
BJP
Angara S.
26,068
BJP
Angara S.
1,373

207
Madikeri
BJP
Appachu Ranjan
16015
BJP
Appachu Ranjan
4629

208
Virajpet
BJP
K. G. Bopaiah
13,353
BJP
K. G. Bopaiah
3,414

209
Periyapatna
JD(S)
K. Mahadeva
7493
INC
K. Venkatesh
2088

210
Krishnarajanagara
JD(S)
Sa. Ra. Mahesh
1779
JD(S)
Sa. Ra. Mahesh
15052

211
Hunasuru
JD(S)
Adagur H. Vishwanath
8,575
INC
H. P. Manjunath
40,207

212
Heggadadevankote (ST)
INC
Anil Kumar C.
22,093
JD(S)
Chikkamadu S.
12,498

213
Nanjangud (SC)
BJP
Harshavardhan B.
12479
INC
Srinivasa Prasad
8941

214
Chamundeshwari
JD(S)
G. T. Devegowda
36,042
JD(S)
G. T. Devegowda
7,103

215
Krishnaraja
BJP
S. A. Ramadas
26,347
INC
M. K. Somashekar
6,065

216
Chamaraja
BJP
L. Nagendra
14936
INC
Vasu
12915

217
Narasimharaja
INC
Tanveer Sait
18,127
INC
Tanveer Sait
8,370

218
Varuna
INC
Yathindra S.
58,616
INC
Siddaramaiah
29,646

219
T.Narasipur (SC)
JD(S)
Ashvin Kumar M.
28,478
INC
H. C. Mahadevappa
899

220
Hanur
INC
R. Narendra
3,513
INC
R. Narendra
11,549

221
Kollegal (SC)
BSP
N. Mahesh
19,454
INC
S. Jayanna
10,193

222
Chamarajanagar
INC
C. Puttarangashetty
4,913
INC
C. Puttarangashetty
11,196

223
Gundlupet
BJP
C. S. Niranjan Kumar
16,684
INC
H. S. Mahadeva Prasad
7,675

224
Rajarajeshwarinagar
INC
Munirathna
41162
INC
Muniratna
18,813

text: Formation of government[edit]

text: The Congress party decided to support the JD(S) to form a coalition government.[63] The Congress accepted Kumaraswamy for the post of Chief Minister.[64] The governor Vajubhai Vala, however, invited the BJP, the single largest party after the election result, to form a Government.[65] He gave the party a period of 15 days to prove its strength on the floor of the assembly.[66]

text: There were several allegations from the Congress and JD(S) that the BJP was trying to "poach" their MLAs. Congress released 6 audio recordings, allegedly trying to persuade their MLAs to vote in favour of the BJP government, in exchange for lavish offers. One of the calls was allegedly made by Yeddyurappa himself, to the Congress lawmaker B. C. Patil.[67] JD(S) chief Kumaraswamy said that their MLAs were being offered Rs. 100 crore to cross vote.[68] Union Minister Prakash Javadekar denied the allegations.[69]

text: Congress and JD(S) approached the Supreme Court for a midnight hearing to stop the swearing-in ceremony. The hearing started at approximately 2 AM.[70] A three-judge bench consisting of Justices A.K Sikri, S.A Bobde and Ashok Bhushan heard the petition. Even though the swearing-in ceremony was allowed to proceed,[71] on 18 May 2018, the Supreme Court reduced the period allowed for the vote of confidence to 24 hours.[72] The court issued five points of guidance:[73]

text:
The floor test must be conducted by 4 PM on 19 May 2018.
The Protem Speaker should decide the mode of test.
There should be no secret ballot.
The government should not nominate the Anglo-Indian Representative.
B. S. Yeddyurappa's government should not take any major policy decisions.

text: Disregarding the convention of choosing the most senior MLA as the Protem Speaker, the Governor appointed BJP MLA K. G. Bopaiah to the post.[74] The Congress challenged this in the Supreme Court, noting that Bopaiah was not the most senior MLA, and also that he had a bad track record as the speaker.[75] The Supreme Court allowed Bopaiah to stay as the Protem Speaker, but asked for the live broadcasting of the floor test on all channels.[76]

text: The Chief Minister Yeddyurappa, unable to muster enough support for the trust vote, resigned after giving an emotional speech.[77]

text: On 23 May 2018, H. D. Kumaraswamy took oath as the Chief Minister of Karnataka, along with G. Parameshwara as his deputy.[78] Several leaders including Mamata Banerjee, Sitaram Yechury, Mayawati, Akhilesh Yadav, Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, Pinarayi Vijayan,Chandrababu Naidu were present during the ceremony. It was reported as a display the unity of the opposition ahead of the 2019 general election.[79] On 25 May, Kumaraswamy won the trust vote with the support of 117 MLAs, while the BJP MLAs had walked out ahead of the floor test.[80]

text: Bypolls[edit]

text: Bypolls were due to be held in three seats: Jayanagar and Rajarajeshwari Nagar in Bangalore[81] and in Ramanagara.

text: Rajarajeshwari Nagar election results was declared on May 31, 2018 and INC candidate Munirathna won by a margin of 25,572 votes taking the Congress' tally to 79 seats and the JD(S)-INC coalition to 118 seats.[82]

text: Jayanagar assembly Election result was declared on June 13, 2018. Sowmya Reddy, daughter of former minister Ramalinga Reddy, won the constituency by defeating BJP's B N Prahlad by 2889 votes. 55% polling was recorded in the Jayanagar Assembly constituency on June 11. The assembly elections were held across the state on May 12, but poll in Jayanagar was countermanded following the death of BJP candidate B N Vijayakumar, who was holding the seat. The JDS had earlier pulled out its candidate, formally supporting its coalition partner Congress.[83][84] This win took the Congress' tally to 80 in the 224 seats assembly and the INC-JD(S) coalition to 119 seats.

text: The elected Congress MLA for Jamkhandi passed away in a road accident on 28 May 2018.[85]


document_title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)

question_text: where is the tiffany in breakfast at tiffany

root

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Early one morning, a taxi pulls up at Tiffany & Co. on Fifth Avenue in New York City, from which elegantly dressed Holly Golightly (Audrey Hepburn) emerges carrying a paper bag with her breakfast. After looking into the shop's windows while eating her bun and sipping her coffee, she strolls home. Outside her apartment, she fends off Sid Arbuck (Claude Stroud), her date from the disastrous night before. Inside the apartment building, Holly can't find her keys so she buzzes her landlord, Mr. Yunioshi (Mickey Rooney), who begrudgingly lets her in. Later, she is awakened by new neighbor Paul Varjak (George Peppard), who rings her doorbell to get into the building. The pair chat as she dresses to leave for her weekly visit to Sally Tomato (Alan Reed), a mobster incarcerated at Sing Sing prison. Tomato's lawyer pays her $100 a week to deliver "the weather report".

tag: p

text: As she is leaving for Sing Sing, Holly is introduced to Paul's "decorator", wealthy older woman Emily Eustace Failenson (Patricia Neal), whom Paul nicknames "2E". That night, Holly goes out onto the fire escape to elude an over-eager date (Mel Blanc). She peeks into Paul's apartment and sees 2E leaving money and kissing Paul goodbye. After 2E leaves, Holly enters Paul's apartment and learns he is a writer who has not had anything published since a book of vignettes five years before. Holly, in turn, explains she is trying to save money to support her brother Fred. The pair fall asleep, but are awakened when Holly has a nightmare about Fred. When Paul questions her about this, Holly chides him for prying and leaves. She later buys Paul a typewriter ribbon to apologize and invites him to a lively party at her apartment. There, Paul meets her Hollywood agent, O. J. Berman (Martin Balsam), who describes Holly's transformation from country girl into Manhattan socialite. He is also introduced to José da Silva Pereira (José Luis de Vilallonga), a wealthy Brazilian politician, and Rusty Trawler (Stanley Adams), the "ninth richest man in America under 50".

text: In the days that follow, Paul and Holly become closer. The next day, 2E enters Paul's apartment, worried she is being followed. Paul tells her he will investigate and eventually confronts Doc Golightly (Buddy Ebsen), Holly's estranged husband. Doc explains Holly's real name is Lula Mae Barnes and that they were married when she was 14. He wants to take her back to rural Texas, as her brother Fred will be returning in a few months after Army service. After Paul reunites Holly and Doc, she tells Paul the marriage was annulled. At the Greyhound bus station, she tells Doc she will not return to Texas with him and Doc leaves town broken-hearted.

text: After drinking at a club, Paul and Holly return to her apartment, where she drunkenly tells him she plans to marry Trawler for his money. A few days later, Paul learns one of his short stories will be published. On the way to tell Holly, he sees a newspaper headline stating Trawler has married someone else. Holly and Paul agree to spend the day together, taking turns doing things each has never done before, including visiting the library. At Tiffany's, Paul has the ring from Doc Golightly's box of Cracker Jack engraved as a present for Holly. After spending the night together, he awakens to find her gone. When 2E arrives, Paul ends their relationship. She calmly accepts, having earlier concluded he and some other woman are in love.

text: Holly schemes to marry José for his money, which angers Paul. After Holly receives a telegram notifying her of Fred's death, she trashes her apartment. Months later, Paul has moved out. He is invited to dinner by Holly, who is leaving the next morning for Brazil to continue her relationship with José. However, they are arrested in connection with Sally Tomato's drug ring, and Holly spends the night in jail.

text: The next morning, Holly is released on bail and finds Paul waiting, and they take a cab. He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest. Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway, asks the cab to pull over, and releases the cat into the rain. Paul confronts Holly about his love and her behavior, then gets out of the cab in the pouring rain and leaves, tossing the engraved Cracker Jack ring into her lap and telling her to examine her life. She goes through a decision making moment, puts on the ring, and runs after Paul, who has gone looking for the cat. She searches the alley and finally finds the cat. Paul and Holly stand in the rain, and with the cat tucked into Holly's coat, look into each other's eyes and share a kiss.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Audrey Hepburn as Holly Golightly - New York "City" girl - Socialite
George Peppard as Paul Varjak (nicknamed "Fred" by Holly, for his resemblance to her brother) - Writer - New neighbor and kept man of "2E"
Patricia Neal as Mrs. Emily Eustace "2E" Failenson - Rich decorator
Buddy Ebsen as Doc Golightly - Holly's former husband from Texas
Martin Balsam as O.J. Berman - Agent
Mickey Rooney as I. Y. Yunioshi - Angry upstairs neighbor
Alan Reed as Sally Tomato - Mobster in Sing Sing
José Luis de Vilallonga as José da Silva Pereira (credited as Vilallonga) - Holly's Brazilian rich mark
Stanley Adams as Rutherford "Rusty" Trawler - Another failed husband mark
John McGiver as Tiffany's salesman
Dorothy Whitney as Mag Wildwood
Claude Stroud as Sid Arbuck - First Holly suitor
Mel Blanc as Holly's over eager date
Orangey as the no name cat (credited as "Cat"; Frank Inn, Trainer)
Beverly Powers as the stripper (credited as Miss Beverly Hills)
Elvia Allman as the librarian

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: The Oscar-nominated screenplay was written by George Axelrod, loosely based on the novella by Truman Capote. Changes were made to fit the medium of cinema and to correspond to the filmmakers' vision. Capote, who sold the film rights of his novella to Paramount Studios, wanted Marilyn Monroe to play Holly Golightly, whom he had described perfectly in the book. Barry Paris cites Capote's own comments on the choice of actress: "Marilyn was always my first choice to play the girl, Holly Golightly." Screenwriter Axelrod was hired to "tailor the screenplay for Monroe". When Lee Strasberg advised Monroe that playing a "lady of the evening" would be bad for her image, she turned it down and performed in The Misfits instead. When Hepburn was cast instead of Monroe, Capote remarked: "Paramount double-crossed me in every way and cast Audrey".[4] Shirley MacLaine was also offered the part of Holly, but she turned it down and performed in Two Loves instead.[5]

text: Originally producers Martin Jurow and Richard Shepherd had picked John Frankenheimer as the director,[6] but Hepburn said: "I've never heard of him" and he was replaced on her request.

text: Principal photography[edit]

text: Most of the exteriors were filmed in New York City, except the fire escape scenes and the alley scene at the end in the rain where Holly puts Cat out of the cab and then Paul and Holly look for Cat. All of the interiors, except for portions of the scene inside Tiffany & Company, were filmed on the Paramount Studios lot in Hollywood.[citation needed]

text: According to one report the film's on-location opening sequence, in which Holly gazes into a Tiffany's display window, was extremely difficult for director Blake Edwards to shoot. Although it was simple in concept, crowd control, Hepburn's dislike of pastries, and an accident that nearly resulted in the electrocution of a crew member are all said to have made capturing the scene a challenge. However, another report claims that the sequence was captured rather quickly due to the good fortune of an unexpected traffic lull.[7]

text: Music[edit]

text:
“
It took me a long time to figure out what Holly Golightly was all about. One night after midnight I was still trying. I don't drink much, but I was sipping. And it came to me. I wrote ["Moon River"] in half an hour.
”

— Henry Mancini[8]

tag: table

text: During the film, Hepburn sang the film's signature song, "Moon River" by Henry Mancini and Johnny Mercer. The song was tailored to Hepburn's limited vocal range, based on songs she had performed in 1957's Funny Face.[9] On the Anniversary Edition DVD of Breakfast at Tiffany's co-producer Richard Shepherd says in his audio commentary that after a preview in San Francisco, Martin Rankin, Paramount's head of production, wanted "Moon River" replaced with music by somebody like Gordon Jenkins (whose album Manhattan Tower had been out fairly recently): "Marty [Jurow, co-producer] and I both said 'over our dead bodies.'"[10] According to Mancini and Edwards, a studio executive hated the song and demanded it be cut from the film; Hepburn, who was present, responded to the suggestion by standing up and saying, "Over my dead body!"[11]

text: According to Time magazine, Mancini "sets off his melodies with a walking bass, extends them with choral and string variations, varies them with the brisk sounds of combo jazz. 'Moon River' is sobbed by a plaintive harmonica, repeated by strings, hummed and then sung by the chorus, finally resolved with the harmonica again."[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Time magazine noted "for the first half hour or so, Hollywood's Holly (Audrey Hepburn) is not much different from Capote's. She has kicked the weed and lost the illegitimate child she was having, but she is still jolly Holly, the child bride from Tulip, Texas, who at 15 runs away to Hollywood to find some of the finer things of life—like shoes." It pointed out that "after that out-of-Capote beginning, Director Blake Edwards (High Time) goes on to an out-of-character end."[12] Almost a half century later, Time commented on the pivotal impact of Hepburn's portrayal of Golightly:[13]

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's set Hepburn on her 60s Hollywood course. Holly Golightly, small-town Southern girl turned Manhattan trickster, was the naughty American cousin of Eliza Doolittle, Cockney flower girl turned My Fair Lady. Holly was also the prototype for the Hepburn women in Charade, Paris When It Sizzles, and How to Steal a Million: kooks in capers. And she prepared audiences for the ground-level anxieties that Hepburn characters endured in The Children's Hour, Two for the Road and Wait Until Dark.

text: The New York Times called the film a "completely unbelievable but wholly captivating flight into fancy composed of unequal dollops of comedy, romance, poignancy, funny colloquialisms and Manhattan's swankiest East Side areas captured in the loveliest of colors". In reviewing the performances, the newspaper said Holly Golightly is

text: as implausible as ever. But in the person of Miss Hepburn, she is a genuinely charming, elfin waif who will be believed and adored when seen. George Peppard is casual and, for the most part, a subdued citizen who seems to like observing better than participating in the proceedings. Martin Balsam makes a properly brash, snappy Hollywood agent. Mickey Rooney's bucktoothed, myopic Japanese is broadly exotic. Patricia Neal is simply cool and brisk in her few appearances as Mr. Peppard's sponsor and Vilallonga, is properly suave and Continental as Miss Hepburn's Brazilian, while Buddy Ebsen has a brief poignant moment as Miss Hepburn's husband.[14]

text: Truman Capote hated Hepburn in the lead part. Capote biographer Gerald Clarke deemed the film a "valentine" to free-spirited women rather than a cautionary tale about a little girl lost in the big city. "The movie is a confection — a sugar and spice confection."[15]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews from 49 critics and gives the film a rating of 88%, with an average rating of 7.4 out of 10. The site's consensus states: "It contains some ugly anachronisms, but Blake Edwards is at his funniest in this iconic classic, and Audrey Hepburn absolutely lights up the screen."[16]

text: Influence[edit]

text: Hepburn as Holly, with her hair in a high chignon and carrying an oversized cigarette holder, is considered one of the most iconic images of 20th century American cinema.[17] Another iconic item throughout the movie is Holly's sunglasses. Often misidentified as Ray-Ban, they are Manhattan sunglasses designed and manufactured in London by Oliver Goldsmith. In 2011 the model was re-released to mark the 50th anniversary of Breakfast at Tiffany's.[18] One of three dresses designed by Givenchy for Hepburn for possible use in the film sold at auction by Christie's[19] on December 5, 2006 for £467,200 (~US$947,000), about seven times the reserve price.[20] The "Little Black Dress" by Givenchy, worn by Hepburn in the beginning of the film, is cited as one of the most iconic items of clothing in the history of the twentieth century and is, perhaps, the most famous little black dress of all time.[21][22][23][24] A second "little black dress" in Breakfast at Tiffany's, along with its wide-brimmed hat, was worn by Hepburn as Holly when she goes to visit mobster Sally Tomato at Sing Sing Prison. This dress was paid homage as one of the dresses worn by Anne Hathaway's character Selina Kyle, Catwoman's alter ego, in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises; the comic book Catwoman character was originally drawn based on Hepburn, according to Catwoman comic cover artist Adam Hughes, creating a double homage to Hepburn's Holly Golightly in Hathaway's Catwoman.[25]

text: The film rejuvenated the career of 1930s movie song-and-dance man and Disney Davy Crockett sidekick Buddy Ebsen, who had a small but effective role in this film as Doc Golightly, Holly's ex-husband. His success here led directly to his best-known role as Jed Clampett on The Beverly Hillbillies.[26]

text: A diamond necklace at Tiffany's that Hepburn scorned as too flashy, was the Tiffany Yellow Diamond, which she wore in publicity photos for the film. Tiffany's profile, while already established as a pre-eminent luxury retailer, was further boosted by the film.[27]

text: Portrayal of Mr. Yunioshi and yellowface controversy[edit]

text: For his portrayal of I. Y. Yunioshi, Mickey Rooney wore makeup and a prosthetic mouthpiece to change his features to a caricatured approximation of a Japanese person. Since the 1990s, this portrayal has been subject to increasing protest by Asian Americans, among others. For instance, in the film Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story (1993), Breakfast at Tiffany's is used as an illustration of Hollywood's racist depiction of Asian people when Bruce Lee and his future wife, Linda, see the film and Linda suggests they leave when she notices that Bruce is upset at Rooney's caricatured performance.

text: In his audio commentary for the DVD release, producer Richard Shepherd said that at the time of production as well as in retrospect, he wanted to recast the role "not because he [Rooney] didn't play the part well" but because Shepherd thought the part of Mr. Yunioshi should be performed by an actor of Japanese ethnicity; it was director Blake Edwards' decision to keep Rooney.[28] In a "making-of" for the 45th anniversary edition DVD release, Shepherd repeatedly apologizes, saying, "If we could just change Mickey Rooney, I'd be thrilled with the movie."[29] Director Blake Edwards stated, "Looking back, I wish I had never done it... and I would give anything to be able to recast it, but it's there, and onward and upward."[29]

text: In a 2008 interview about the film, 87-year-old Rooney said he was heartbroken about the criticism:

text: Blake Edwards... wanted me to do it because he was a comedy director. They hired me to do this overboard, and we had fun doing it.... Never in all the more than 40 years after we made it – not one complaint. Every place I've gone in the world people say, "God, you were so funny." Asians and Chinese come up to me and say, "Mickey you were out of this world."[30]

text: Rooney also said that if he had known the portrayal would be offensive, "I wouldn't have done it. Those that didn't like it, I forgive them and God bless America, God bless the universe, God bless Japanese, Chinese, Indians, all of them and let's have peace."[30]

text: The film continues to draw criticism for this character now widely considered to be a racist caricature, particularly when the movie is selected as a "classic" screened in public spaces, supported by tax dollars. In 2011, a SyFy and Brooklyn Bridge Park Corporation screening inspired petitions.[31]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Academy Awards[edit]

text:
Award[32]
Person

Best Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture
Henry Mancini

Best Original Song: "Moon River"
Henry Mancini
Johnny Mercer

Nominated:

Best Actress in a Leading Role
Audrey Hepburn

Best Art Direction
Hal Pereira
Roland Anderson
Sam Comer
Ray Moyer

Best Adapted Screenplay
George Axelrod

text: Other awards[edit]

text:
Golden Globe Awards, 1961: Best picture (musical or comedy)
Golden Globe Awards, 1961: Best actress (musical or comedy) – Audrey Hepburn
Henry Mancini won the Grammy Award for Best Soundtrack Album or Recording or Score.
George Axelrod won the Writers Guild of America, East for Best Written American Drama.
Blake Edwards was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures.
Orangey the cat won the 1962 PATSY Award of the American Humane Association for his portrayal of "the poor slob without a name".[citation needed]
The film was ranked #486 on Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time list for 2008.[33]
National Film Registry, 2012
American Film Institute ranked the film #61 in 100 Years...100 Passions and "Moon River" as #4 in 100 Years...100 Songs.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack featured a score composed and conducted by Henry Mancini, with songs by Mancini and lyricist Johnny Mercer. Mancini and Mercer won the 1961 Oscar for Best Original Song for "Moon River". Mancini won for Best Original Score. There are also unreleased score pieces from Breakfast at Tiffany's in existence; "Carousel Cue" is from an unsurfaced scene, while "Outtake 1" is from a deleted scene in which Holly and Fred visit Tiffany's and is a variation of the main theme.

text: List of songs[edit]

text:
"Moon River"
"Something for Cat"
"Sally's Tomato"
"Mr. Yunioshi"
"The Big Blow Out"
"Hub Caps and Tail Lights"
"Breakfast at Tiffany's"
"Latin Golightly"
"Holly"
"Loose Caboose"
"The Big Heist"
"Moon River [Cha Cha]"

text: In 2013 Intrada released the complete score in its original film performance (as with many soundtrack albums by Mancini and others at the time, the album released alongside the film was a re-recording).

text:
Main Title (Moon River) (3:07)
Paul Meets Cat (1:24)
Sally’s Tomato (4:57)
The Big Blowout (1:05)
Poor Fred (3:22)
Moon River (Cha Cha) (2:32)
Latin Golightly (3:05)
Something For Cat (4:48)
Loose Caboose – Part 1 (À La Cha Cha) (3:22)
Loose Caboose – Part 2 (2:11)
Moon River (Vocal By Audrey Hepburn) (2:03)
Meet The Doc (With Organ Grinder) (1:37)
An Exceptional Person (2:57)
You’re So Skinny (0:57)
Turkey Eggs (2:43)
Hub Caps And Tail Lights (2:19)
Rats And Super Rats (2:27)
The Hard Way (0:55)
Rusty Trawler (0:26)
Holly (1:56)
A Lovely Place (1:33)
Bermuda Nights (0:22)
The Big Heist (4:02)
After The Ball (1:14)
Just Like Holly (1:41)
Wait A Minute (0:44)
Feathers (1:14)
Let’s Eat (1:39)
Where’s The Cat? And End Title (Moon River) (3:50)
Moon River (Audrey Hepburn & Guitar) (1:38)
Moon River (Piano And Guitar) (1:38)
Moon River (Harmonica And Guitar) (1:36)
Meet The Doc (Without Organ Grinder) (1:37)
Piano Practice No. 1 (1:38)
Piano Practice No. 2 (1:48)
Piano Practice No. 3 (0:54)
Moon River (New York Version) (2:01)
Moon River (Whistling) (0:10)

tag: ol

text: Home media[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Breakfast at Tiffany's was one of the first Hepburn films to be released to the home video market in the early 1980s,[citation needed] and is also widely available on DVD. On February 7, 2006, Paramount released a 45th anniversary special edition DVD set in North America with featurettes not included on the prior DVD release:

text:
Audio Commentary – with producer Richard Shepherd
Breakfast at Tiffany's: The Making of a Classic – a making-of featurette with interviews by Edwards, Neal, the "laughing/crying" woman from the party, and Sean Ferrer, Hepburn's son.
It's So Audrey! A Style Icon – a short tribute to Hepburn.
Brilliance in a Blue Box – a brief history of Tiffany & Co.
Audrey's Letter to Tiffany – an accounting of Hepburn's letter to Tiffany & Co. on the occasion of the company's 150th anniversary in 1987.
Original Theatrical Trailer
Photo Gallery

text: On January 13, 2009, a remastered Centennial Collection version of the film was released. In addition to the special features on the 45th anniversary edition, this version includes:

text:
A Golightly Gathering – Reuniting some of the past cast members from the party with interviews on their experiences filming that segment.
Henry Mancini: More Than Music – A featurette about Henry Mancini, "Moon River" and interviews with Mancini's wife and children.
Mr. Yunioshi: An Asian Perspective – Documentary discussing the reaction and Asian perspective of the character of Mr. Yunioshi, one of the most controversial characters in film.
Behind the Gates – A tour through Paramount Studios

text: In 2011 a newly remastered HD version of the film was released on Blu-ray with many of the features from the aforementioned DVDs. The digital restoration of the film was done by Paramount Pictures. The digital pictures were frame by frame digitally restored at Prasad Corporation to remove dirt, tears, scratches and other artifacts. The film was restored to its original look for its 50th Anniversary.[34][35]

text: Stage adaptations[edit]

text: In 1966, David Merrick produced a Broadway musical of the same name starring Mary Tyler Moore as Holly Golightly and Richard Chamberlain as Paul. The troubled production closed after four previews.

text: In 2004, a new musical adaptation of the film made its world debut at The Muny in St. Louis.[36]

text: In May 2009, actress Anna Friel confirmed that she would star in a West End adaptation of the film. The show opened in September 2009 at the Haymarket Theatre.[37]

text: A new stage adaption made its debut in March 2013 at the Cort Theater in New York City. The role of Holly Golightly would be played by Emilia Clarke.[38]