document_title: Crime in Canada

question_text: what is the crime rate in vancouver canada

text: Crime in Canada

text: Crime since the 1980s[edit]

text: Canada's growing multi-ethnic society in the 1980s introduced new organized crime groups that competed with the Mafia, marking a growth in crimes such as drug trafficking, gambling, loansharking, migrant smuggling, cigarette smuggling, liquor smuggling and prostitution. The Rizzuto-Caruana-Cuntrera Italian Mafia families lost ground in cocaine and heroin smuggling to Iranian and Chinese gangs, Colombian cartels and outlaw biker gangs starting in the mid-1970s. Chinese gangs smuggled heroin through airports in the 1970s and shifted toward cargo containers entering Vancouver around 1985. By 2001, the RCMP estimated up to 15 metric tons of cocaine reaching Canada annually.

tag: p

text: Illegal immigrants from Asia to the US frequently enter through Canada and lower criminal penalties tended to favor drug smuggling. In particular, Canada did not criminalize the possession of precursor chemicals for drugs like methamphetamine. After the 1970s, synthetic drugs overtook liquor as the main item smuggled into the US and by the 1990s Canada supplied large amounts of high-grade marijuana, ecstasy and methamphetamine. Quebec mobsters, relocated to Florida, maintained two large pill making operations in Quebec from 1981 to 1986, shipping 13.5 million methaqualone tablets to the US. By the early 2000s, Canada was a net exporter of marijuana to US, although comprised only one-fifth the amount coming from Mexico. A pound valued at $2000 in Vancouver would sell for as much as $6000 in California.

text: Gerald Matticks, a major leader in the Irish West End Gang in Quebec was suspected by police as the smuggler behind two large hashish shipments captured in 2000, but an investigation of the Quebec Hells Angels uncovered his name in documents. Spreadsheets indicated that the Hells Angels owed $7 million to Matticks for cocaine and hashish, leading to his arrest and conviction.

text: Legalized gambling shrank the illegal gambling market in Canada after the 1970s. However, a 1996 report found that illegal gambling in Ontario was a $10 billion industry and in 1999 the Illegal Gaming Enforcement Unit was created by the province, bringing 941 gambling charges against 623 people. Video lottery machines are often used illegally by the Italian mafia, Chinese and Russian gangs, as well as the Hells Angels. As many as 25,000 machines were believed to be distributed in Southern Ontario in 1996.

text: Tobacco smuggling grew rapidly after the Canadian government increased the excise tax on cigarettes 140 percent. By 1993, there were as many as 100 million contraband cartons circulating in the country. However, the government did not impose penalties on cigarettes for export and many exported cigarettes were brought back into the country. A joint sting operation netted Larry Miller, who had earned $687 million between 1992 and 1996, enough to afford a Learjet to go between Las Vegas and Massena, New York, where cigarettes were smuggled through the Akwasasne reservation—which because of its cross-border nature, lacked border security. The Mohawk Warrior Society, famous for the 1990 Oka standoff had launched into tobacco and migrant smuggling beginning around 1988. Due to smuggling, the government lowered cigarette taxes in 1994. However, high liquor duties—at 80 percent of the price, rather than 40 in the US—led to significant liquor smuggling.

text: Smuggling demands drove corruption among baggage handlers at Toronto Pearson airport, prompting an audit of 131,000 airport workers after 4500 were found to have ties to bikers gangs and organized crime, in 2004.

text: After 1983, migrant smuggling increased rapidly. Cheng Chui Ping, a Chinese grandmother from Fujian province orchestrated a major "Snakehead" smuggler gang, transporting thousands of people in the 1990s. Between 1994 and 2003, 15,000 Chinese people entered Canada illegally. In March, 2000 the RCMP infiltrated a large prostitution ring that had smuggled in 280 Korean women to work as forced laborers in massage parlors. The federal government in 1998 opted to exempt exotic dancers from restrictions on working in Canada, helping to drive prostitution. [2]

text: Statistics Canada data[edit]

text: The province with the lowest crime rate in 2006 for the third straight year was Ontario with 5,689 per 100,000, followed by Quebec with 5,909 per 100,000.  The province with the highest crime rate for the 9th straight year was Saskatchewan with 13,711 per 100,000.   Regina is the city with the highest crime rate followed by its provincial counterpart Saskatoon.  Quebec City, Trois-Rivières, and Saguenay have the lowest crime rates of any city and are all located in Quebec.[3] Winnipeg has had the highest violent crime rate since 2009 and still held it in 2012. For years native Canadian women have been victims of sexual assault and murder disproportionately often and there have been complaints that the police paid insufficient attention to the problem.[4]  The three northern territories have higher per capita crime rates than any province.  As evidenced by the crime map above right, Saskatchewan has a higher crime rate than the other Canadian provinces, but lower than the territories.

text: The number of murders dropped to 594 in 2007, 12 fewer than the previous year. One-third of the 2007 murders were stabbings and another third were by firearm. In 2007, there were 190 stabbings and 188 shootings. Handguns were used in two-thirds of all firearm murders. Seventy-four youths were accused of murder, down 11 from the previous year. About eighty-four percent of murders were done by someone known to the victim. Male victims of homicide were most likely to be killed by an acquaintance, someone known to them through a criminal relationship, or a stranger. Female victims of homicide were most frequently killed by a current or former intimate partner, or another family member. The province with the highest crime rate was Manitoba while the lowest crime rates occurred in Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador.

text: Police reported criminal violence is thought to be an undercount of actual violence rates.  Thus, approximately every five years, Statistics Canada conducts a survey of victimization in Canada.  The last General Social Survey conducted was in 2004, where 24,000 people were contacted by telephone: 106 reported incidents of violence per 1,000 polled, which is slightly lower than in 1999 when it was 111 per 1,000 polled.[5]

text: Crime by region[edit]

text: Murder capitals since 1981[edit]

text: Winnipeg has been the "Murder Capital" of Canada 20 times since homicide rates have been available in 1981, far exceeding any other provincial city.

text:
Canada's Murder Capital List[6][7]

City not including YT, NT or NU

Number of Times the "Murder Capital"

Winnipeg

20

Ottawa

8

Montreal

3

Edmonton

2

Vancouver

2

Calgary

1

tag: table

text: Violent crime severity index by CMA[edit]

text:
CMAs in Canada – Violent Crime Severity Index, by year[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

City
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009

Abbotsford–Mission
82.3
90.4
81.1
70.7
79.7
72.4
89.8
118.8

Barrie
46.3
43.8
42.3
38.6
46.1
49.2
50.1
53.9

Brantford
88.4
70.0
73.5
73.9
67.6
84.5
92.5
91.5

Calgary
61.3
72.1
63.0
62.0
61.2
72.1
82.1
84.8

Edmonton
102.5
103.9
93.3
89.7
95.8
105.9
106
118.7

Gatineau
63.8
55.9
57.5
65.1
71.4
68.1
59.7
74.5

Greater Sudbury
61.4
63.9
62.9
66.3
75.4
78.7
85
98.1

Guelph
49.1
47.3
44.1
42.5
53.8
48.2
44.5
49.2

Halifax
77.3
79.0
73.6
84.8
92.4
111.7
105.6
120.0

Hamilton
66.0
54.6
55.0
59.9
62.5
75.8
80.9
84.3

Kelowna
62.7
69.8
60.4
67.1
81.8
86.0
95.9
104.3

Kingston
38.5
54.5
44.3
48.6
53.7
48.1
54.5
71.9

Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo
60.1
54.5
51.1
57.0
60.9
69.5
69.8
65.1

London
59.4
56.7
49.0
56.9
64.1
70.5
74.3
69.9

Moncton
79.3
75.6
74.5
66.5
73.4
68.2
72.4
79.4

Montréal
73.1
76.1
72.5
79.5
87.8
97.7
98.3
102.7

Ottawa
62.1
53.7
49.6
56.1
58.2
63.9
67.5
78.1

Peterborough
68.9
56.9
51.7
57.7
66.2
60.2
65.8
59.5

Québec
51.5
43.1
47.5
48.3
50.8
48.6
51.3
50.9

Regina
124.1
107.9
103.8
105.8
110.1
123.5
151.2
155.6

Saguenay
67.7
61.3
58.2
57.2
79.4
55.2
59.2
72.8

Saint John
63.8
65.7
61.6
59.5
68.0
91.3
96.4
100.3

Saskatoon
114.0
113.5
122.6
109.9
126.4
134.5
155.7
154.7

Sherbrooke
55.6
44.1
51.6
45.3
49.7
49.3
N/A
54.2

St. Catharines–Niagara
37.6
42.2
40.9
49.3
54.1
48.0
56.9
63.5

St. John's
88.9
79.6
69.5
79.5
77.3
74.7
90.1
69.3

Thunder Bay
125.6
119.2
138.5
110.9
118.8
128.7
138.5
136.1

Toronto
70.4
64.6
63.5
68.2
78.4
84.7
88.4
94.5

Trois-Rivières
46.2
59.9
57.3
51.4
46.4
46.2
44.4
56.0

Vancouver
72.8
85.0
78.2
83.6
92.6
98.3
108.2
117.8

Victoria
56.8
69.1
58.4
54.4
63.7
70.9
81.3
81.0

Windsor
58.1
67.7
57.0
61.9
66.4
59.8
65.1
74.6

Winnipeg
149.6
122.1
116.1
119.9
145.4
173.8
163.9
187.0

Canada
75.3
74.5
70.2
73.7
81.4
85.3
88.9
93.7

text: Crime statistics by province and territory[edit]

text: Crime statistics vary considerably through different parts of Canada.  In general, the eastern provinces have the lowest violent crime rates while the western provinces have higher rates and the territories higher still.  Of the provinces, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have the highest violent crime rates.  The chart below also shows that Saskatchewan has the highest provincial assault rate, and that Manitoba has the highest provincial sexual assault rate, robbery rate and homicide rate of any Canadian province. In many instances the crime rates in the Yukon, North West Territories and Nunavut are the highest in the country and can be up to ten times the national average.

text: 2016 crime statistics for the provinces and territories are given below, as reported by Statistics Canada.[16]

text:
hideCrime Rates (per 100,000 residents) by Canadian Provinces & Territories[16]

Province/Territory

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

YT

NT

NU

Total of all violations
5904.54
6478.06
4949.24
5540.17
5291.89
4067.02
4031.72
9446.88
13305.3
8801.19
8674.51
24319.85
43457.24
35790.95

Violent Criminal Code violations (total)
1051.62
1327.42
785.74
1153.45
1176.56
950.41
789.81
1938.05
2027.58
1243.53
1139.34
4147.55
7836.92
8152.2

Homicide
1.68
1.32
0
1.37
1.45
0.8
1.47
3.19
4.69
2.73
1.83
10.67
6.75
2.7

Attempted murder
2.14
1.32
0
2.74
0.92
2.29
1.86
3.26
5.74
1.25
2.4
2.67
0
24.27

Sexual assault (not including against children)
57.91
58.85
47.09
65.93
48.63
49.19
53.39
108.57
103.94
63.45
50.17
200.05
310.33
418

Sexual violations against children
19.06
23.39
22.2
22.12
22.99
23.11
13.92
36.34
32.42
17.61
15.59
58.68
85.45
277.76

Assault (not including against a peace officer)
574.05
693.61
399.6
561.56
623.16
483.88
421.06
1210.5
1289.38
721.63
589.2
2627.23
5313.81
5361.1

Assaults against a peace officer
27.47
25.47
6.73
34.54
30.79
30.42
18.69
62.13
49.89
30.9
26.05
85.35
139.42
204.95

Discharge firearm with intent
2.98
3.58
0.67
1.37
1.98
1.27
3.4
5.23
6.87
4.56
1.85
0
15.74
35.06

Robbery
60.05
42.07
12.11
28.44
29.86
44.45
59.01
156.21
85.87
71.41
62.17
58.68
69.71
26.97

Forcible confinement or kidnapping
10.43
6.98
2.69
10.64
4.89
16.69
7.16
10.92
13.3
12.51
7.01
21.34
47.22
59.33

Extortion
8.28
7.36
2.69
6.64
4.23
13.7
5.7
3.34
5.21
6.47
11.32
5.33
13.49
5.39

Criminal harassment
51.88
67.53
52.47
45.81
69.37
61.9
54.98
16.77
48.58
46.04
34.87
117.36
175.4
188.77

Uttering threats
166.59
329.73
151.36
242.65
257.01
180.2
104.06
246.26
266.72
179.38
200.31
701.48
1216.58
1092.17

Indecent/Harassing communications
41.96
45.08
78.04
102.79
59.33
8.56
21.81
44.38
68.31
58.29
115.1
181.37
353.05
374.84

Other violent violations
27.14
21.13
10.09
26.85
21.95
33.95
23.3
30.95
46.66
27.3
21.47
77.34
89.97
80.89

Property crime violations (total)
3206.84
3375.41
2916.94
2843.18
2696.16
1854.28
2286.89
5093.28
6553.36
5205.65
5001.44
9225.97
20661.58
15171.78

Breaking and entering
438.51
509.69
255.64
307.21
429.98
371.75
285.55
727.7
886.9
658.12
628.02
672.14
1014.19
1766.36

Theft of motor vehicle
216.91
92.81
59.87
96.05
124.34
143.24
123.17
313.1
492.16
536.13
294.76
469.43
526.21
323.61

Theft over $5000 (non-motor vehicle)
42.48
43.76
22.87
24.75
30.13
35.55
32.46
34.82
54.93
76.3
58.82
72.02
40.48
29.66

Theft under $5000 (non-motor vehicle)
1365.91
1004.1
1276.83
1221.06
1057.64
705.84
1108.64
1437.72
1882.97
2112.83
2578.37
2440.52
1931.68
725.42

Fraud
299.05
269.37
390.85
296.68
235.6
181.01
292.48
268.79
564.04
428.2
364.13
472.1
301.33
210.34

Identity theft and identity fraud
46.92
11.51
21.53
15.8
24.45
58.42
34.78
26.94
51.71
63.27
67.66
13.34
11.25
5.4

Mischief
717.44
1407.58
836.2
771.35
718.44
314.94
372.62
2157.98
2402.59
1112.89
913.18
4979.73
16697.02
11970.77

Other property crime violations
79.62
36.59
53.15
110.28
75.58
43.53
37.19
126.23
218.06
217.91
96.5
106.69
139.42
140.22

Other Criminal Code violations (total)
965.39
1221.59
619.58
882.25
823.62
442.21
531.65
1775.32
3164.78
1610.56
1597.37
9169.96
12089.32
11088.94

Child pornography (including making and distributing)
17.21
16.41
16.14
21.49
14.27
9.7
10.63
16.31
14.78
8.63
58
18.67
20.24
8.09

Disturb the peace
268.84
438.38
264.38
158.4
189.88
6.41
39.65
671.71
551.44
437.16
901.29
6244
8632.98
8146.81

Administration of justice violations
560.17
617.4
232.76
553.13
457.07
362.98
407.83
903.86
2294.91
980.56
432.32
2544.54
2797.45
2491.77

Other Criminal Code violations (all other violations)
119.17
149.4
106.3
149.23
162.4
63.12
73.54
183.44
303.65
184.21
205.76
362.75
638.65}
442.27

Criminal Code traffic violations (total)
341.53
325.2
397.58
326.07
300.09
480.02
201.4
324.7
811.12
407.11
330.18
1165.58
1738.29
790.14

Impaired driving
194.31
259.56
328.29
263.4
221.46
180.46
105.59
257.26
554.22
286.65
240.99
976.21
1490.93
644.52

Other Criminal Code traffic violations
147.22
65.64
69.29
62.67
78.63
299.56
95.81
67.44
256.9
120.46
89.19
189.37
247.36
145.62

Federal Statute violations (total)
339.16
228.44
229.4
335.23
295.46
340.1
221.97
315.52
748.46
334.34
606.17
610.8
1131.13
587.89

Drug violations (total)
262.96
185.24
187.69
287.62
221.6
293.93
179.63
206.35
300.36
275.63
452.63
450.76
859.03
544.74

text: Police[edit]

text: In 2005, there were 61,050 police officers in Canada which equates to one police officer per 528.6 persons, but with significant regional variations.[18] Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island have the fewest police per capita with 664.9 and 648.4 persons per police officer, respectively. Conversely, the highest ratio of police to population is found in Canada's northern territories; Nunavut has 247.9 persons per police officer, the Northwest Territories has 248.5 persons per officer and the Yukon has 258.2 persons for each police officer.[19]

text: That is a substantially lower rate than most developed countries with only Japan and Sweden having so few police officers. The United States has one officer per 411.5 persons, and Germany 344.8.

text: Canada's national police force is the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) which is the main police force in Canada's north, and in rural areas except in Quebec, Ontario, and Newfoundland. Those three provinces have their own provincial police forces, although the RCMP still operate throughout rural Newfoundland and also provide specific federal policing services in Ontario and Quebec. Many cities and districts have their own municipal police forces, while others have contracts with the provincial police or RCMP to police their communities.

text: Report rates of crimes[edit]

text: A publication posted on Statistics Canada reported that in 2009, only a small portion of crimes that happen are reported to the police (31% of all crimes), and this figure has been lowering from 1999 (37%) and 2004 (34%).[20] Only 54% of break and enters, 43% of robberies, and 34% of assaults are reported to the police.[21] The most common reason for not reporting a crime was the victim thought it was not important enough (68%). Other common reasons include; they think the police cannot do anything about it (59%), or they dealt with it another way (42%). Multiple reasons are given so the percentages do not sum to 100%.

text:
showUnreported Crime in Canada (2009)[21]

Reason for not reporting crime

% of people gave this reason

Not important enough
68%

Police could not do anything about it
59%

Dealt with another way
42%

Incident was a personal matter
36%

Didn't want to get the police involved
35%

Police wouldn't help
22%

Insurance wouldn't cover it
15%

No confidence in criminal justice system
14%

No items taken/recovered
14%

Police would be biased
9%

Fear of revenge by the offender
7%

Fear of publicity/news coverage
5%

text: Punishment[edit]

text: Canada abolished the death penalty for murder in 1976,[22] instituting a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for murder.

text: In 2001, Canada had about 32,000 people in prison or about 0.13% of the total population. Globally, the United States was the country with the highest percentage of inmate population (about 0.7% of the total population). The European average is 0.2% of the total population, with France and Germany having lower rates than Canada, but with the United Kingdom, Spain and most of Eastern Europe having higher ones.[citation needed]

text: Comparisons[edit]

text: Comparing crime rates between countries is difficult due to the differences in jurisprudence, reporting and crime classifications.  National crime statistics are in reality statistics of only selected crime types. Data are collected through various surveying methods that have previously ranged between 15% and 100% coverage of the data.  A 2001 Statistics Canada study concluded that comparisons with the U.S. on homicide rates were the most reliable.  Comparison of rates for six lesser incident crimes was considered possible but subject to more difficulty of interpretation.  For example, types of assaults receive different classifications and laws in Canada and the U.S., making comparisons more difficult than homicides.  At the time, the U.S. crime of aggravated assault could be compared to the sum of three Canadian crimes (aggravated assault, assault with a weapon, and attempted murder). This comparison had a predicted bias that would inflate the Canadian numbers by only 0.1%.  The study also concluded that directly comparing the two countries' reported total crime rate (i.e. total selected crimes) was "inappropriate" since the totals include the problem data sets as well as the usable sets.[23] For reasons like these, homicides have been favored in international studies looking for predictors of crime rates (predictors like economic inequality).

text:
Crime Comparison Between Selected Countries (Reported crimes per 100 000 population)

Country

Homicide

Robbery

Sexual Assault

Statistics Year

Canada

1.6

79.4

62.9

2012[24]

Australia

1.3

63.3

80.1

2011[25][26]

England and Wales

1.0

119.3

78.2

2012[27][28][29]

Ireland

1.0

61.1

39.7

2011[30][31]

New Zealand

0.9

47.1

76.5

2012[32]

Northern Ireland

1.5

72.6

88.9

2010/2011[33][34]

Scotland

1.7

34.9

85.1

2012/2013[35][36]

South Africa

30.1

297.5

2012[37][38]

United States of America

4.5

102.2

110

2014[39][40]

text: United States[edit]

text: Much study has been done of the comparative experience and policies of Canada with its southern neighbour the United States, and this is a topic of intense discussion within Canada.

text: Historically, the violent crime rate in Canada is far lower than that of the U.S. and this continues to be the case.  For example, in 2000 the United States' rate for robberies was 65 percent higher, its rate for aggravated assault was more than double, and its murder rate was triple that of Canada. However, the rate of some property crime types is lower in the U.S. than in Canada. For example, in 2006, the rates of vehicle theft were 22% higher in Canada than in the U.S.[41]

text:
Furthermore, in recent years,[when?] the gap in violent crime rates between the United States and Canada has narrowed due to a precipitous drop in the violent crime rate in the U.S.  For example, while the aggravated assault rate declined for most of the 1990s in the U.S. and was 324 per 100,000 in 2000, the aggravated assault rate in Canada remained relatively steady throughout and was 143 per 100,000 in 2000.  In other areas, the U.S. had a faster decline.  For instance, whereas the murder rate in Canada declined by 36% between 1991 and 2004, the U.S. murder rate declined by 44%.
[42]

text: The homicide rate in Canada peaked in 1975 at 3.03 per 100,000 and has dropped since then; it reached lower peaks in 1985 (2.72) and 1991 (2.69).  It reached a post-1970 low of 1.73 in 2003. The average murder rate between 1970 and 1976 was 2.52, between 1977 and 1983 it was 2.67, between 1984 and 1990 it was 2.41, between 1991 and 1997 it was 2.23 and between 1998 and 2004 it was 1.82.[43]  The attempted homicide rate has fallen at a faster rate than the homicide rate.[44]

text: By comparison, the homicide rate in the U.S. reached 10.1 per 100,000 in 1974, peaked in 1980 at 10.7 and reached a lower peak in 1991 (10.5).  The average murder rate between 1970 and 1976 was 9.4, between 1977 and 1983 it was 9.6, between 1984 and 1990 it was 9, between 1991 and 1997 it was 9.2 and between 1998 and 2004 it was 6.3.  In 2004, the murder rate in the U.S. dipped below 6 per 100,000, for the first time since 1966, and as of 2010 stood at 4.8 per 100,000 [42]

text: In more recent years, the U.S. as a country still typically has higher violent crimes rates. In 2012, the homicide rate in the U.S. was 4.7 per 100,000 residents,[45] Canada's was 3 times lower at 1.6.[24] However the chances of being murdered at random are extremely low in both countries. In Canada, only 15% of murders are committed by strangers,[46] in the U.S. this number is very similar at 14%,[47] meaning in 50 years your chance of being murdered at random is 0.000128% in Canada,[48] in the U.S. it is 0.000329% (of course these numbers would vary by neighborhoods within each country). Certain methods of homicide are used more frequently in each country; in Canada (0.59),[49] stabbing homicides occur 51.3% more often than in the U.S. (0.39),[50] however firearm homicides occur 440% more in the U.S. (2.7) than in Canada (0.5). In the U.S., you are 3 times more likely to die being shot (17.4%) than being stabbed (5.3%).[51]

text: Beyond homicides, the U.S. (112.9) has a higher robbery rate - 42.2% higher than Canada (79.4). Other violent crimes such as physical assaults or sexual assaults are not very comparable between the countries because of different definitions of the crimes. The disparity in property crime is not as large, however it still exists. The burglary/break-in rate in the U.S. (670.2) is 33.1% higher than in Canada (503.7), the theft rate in the U.S. (1959.3) is 33.4% higher than in Canada (1468.4), and the auto-theft rate in the U.S. (229.7) is slightly higher than the rate in Canada (223.5).


document_title: IKEA

question_text: when did the first ikea open in the uk

question_tokens: when did the first ikea open in the uk

root

text: IKEA

text: History[edit]

text: Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA in 1943 as a mostly mail-order sales business. It began to sell furniture five years later.[26] The first Möbel-IKÉA store was opened in Älmhult, Småland, in 1958 (Möbel means "furniture" in Swedish). The first stores outside Sweden were opened in Norway (1963) and Denmark (1969). The stores spread to other parts of Europe in the 1970s, with the first store outside Scandinavia opening in Switzerland (1973), followed by West Germany (1974).[27]

text: Amid a high level of success, the company's West German executives accidentally opened a store in Konstanz in 1973 instead of Koblenz.[26] Later that decade, stores opened in other parts of the world, such as Japan (1974), Australia, Canada,[28][29] Hong Kong (1975), and Singapore (1978).[30] IKEA further expanded in the 1980s, opening stores in countries such as France and Spain (1981), Belgium (1984),[31] the United States (1985),[32] the United Kingdom (1987),[33] and Italy (1989).[34] The company later expanded into more countries in the 1990s and 2000s. Germany, with 50 stores, is IKEA's biggest market, followed by the United States, with 48 stores. At the end of the 2009 financial year, the IKEA group operated 267 stores in 25 countries.[35] The first IKEA store in Latin America opened on 17 February 2010 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.[36][37] As of July 2013, the company's presence in developing countries remains minimal.

text: The world's five largest IKEA stores are:

text:
Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi, South Korea: 57,100 m2 (614,619.3 sq ft)[38]
Stockholm Kungens Kurva, Sweden: 55,200 m2 (594,167.9 sq ft)[38]
Shanghai Baoshan, China: 55,032 m2 (592,359.5 sq ft)
Goyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea: 52,199 m2 (561,865.4 sq ft)[39]
Shanghai Pudong Beicai, China: 49,400 m2 (531,737.2 sq ft)

tag: ol

text: In December 2014, it was announced that the world's largest IKEA store at 59,000 m2 (635,070.7 sq ft),[40][41][42][43][25][44][45][46] opened near the KTX Gwangmyeong Station, located at the heart of South Korea's Seoul Capital Area. It opened the world's fourth largest store (and the largest standalone store in the world[47]) in Goyang, Gyeonggi on October 2017 at 52,199 square meters.[39] IKEA plans to open two more stores of such scale in the Seoul Capital Area, along with a store in Daejeon and Busan by 2020.

text: The largest store in the Southern Hemisphere is located in Tempe, Sydney, Australia with an area of 39,000 m2 (420,000 sq ft).[48] The biggest store in North America is located in Montreal, in the province of Quebec, Canada. The store was opened in 1986 in the Ville-St-Laurent area, and was completely renovated and expanded in 2012-2013. Built in 1986, the store's initial area was 22,062 m2 (237,470 sq ft), while the renovated store now measures 43,636 m2 (469,690 sq ft).

text: In March 2013, IKEA opened its first outlet in Qatar, after a delay of several months.[49][50] Like others in the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Doha outlet is operated by the Al-Futtaim Group.[51] In August 2013, the first store in the Baltic States was opened in the Vilnius region of Lithuania. Construction of the 285,243 sq ft (26,000 m2) store commenced in 2011 and the store employs over 200 people.[52] It is the biggest furniture-selling mall in the Baltic states.[53]

text: In 2014, IKEA opened its first warehouse in Croatia, near Zagreb.[54] Due to problems with building permissions, the construction was postponed to 28 August 2014.[55] Eventually, the warehouse opened its doors on 21 August 2014.[56] The shopping center in Zagreb with an area of 38,000 m2 (410,000 sq ft) is one of the 5 biggest in Europe and among the 10 biggest IKEA stores in the world.[57][58][59][60]

text: On 26 March 2015,[61] a set of 19 storage buildings holding various film and TV props, owned by Western Studio Services, were demolished in favor of construction of the largest IKEA in the United States.[62] Located in Burbank, California, this store replaced Burbank's existing IKEA located less than a mile away from the new construction site, which was nearly double the size of the existing store (456,000 sq ft). The new store also houses a 600-seat restaurant serving Swedish specialties.[62] The existing store ceased operations on 4 February 2017,[63] and the grand opening of the new store took place on 8 February 2017. The first 26 customers in line were given a free Landskrona sofa,[64] the first 100 customers were given a Poang armchair,[64] and the first 200 children were given a Famning Hjarta heart cushion.[64]

text: IKEA began constructing its first store in India on 11 August 2016. The 400,000 sq ft store in Hyderabad is being built at a cost of ₹7 billion (US$110 million),[65][66] and is scheduled to open in early 2018. The company began construction of its second Indian store at Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra on 18 May 2017 and it is scheduled to open in January 2019. IKEA plans to open 5 stores in the state of Maharashtra and also build a distribution centre in Pune.[67][68] Per Indian regulations, IKEA will have to locally source at least 30% of the products sold at its Indian stores. The company plans to open 25 stores across 8 cities in the country by 2025. It predicts that Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore will be the company's largest markets, while Chennai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Surat and smaller cities will also receive IKEA stores.[69] On 1 November 2017 IKEA bought 10 acres of land in Gurugram to expand operations in Northern India.[70]

text: On 31 January 2017, IKEA announced that it will open a new store in Latvia. It will be the second store to open in the Baltic States, housing around 400 employees. The store will be located near Riga and is planned to open in August 2018.[71][72]

text: On 10 August 2017, IKEA opened its first store in Serbia. It was its 400th store and employs around 350 people. IKEA invested €70 million, and plans to open a second store in Belgrade in the future.[21]

text: On 16 November 2017, IKEA opened its third store in Malaysia in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. It is the largest store in Southeast Asia, spanning 502,815 sq ft and 54 Swedish-inspired showroom.[73]

text: Store design[edit]

text: Layout[edit]

text: Older IKEA stores are usually blue buildings with yellow accents (also Sweden's national colours) and few windows. They are often designed in a one-way layout, leading customers counter clockwise along what IKEA calls "the long natural way" designed to encourage the customer to see the store in its entirety (as opposed to a traditional retail store, which allows a customer to go directly to the section where the desired goods and services are displayed). There are often shortcuts to other parts of the showroom. Newer IKEA stores, like the one in Mönchengladbach, Germany, make more use of glass, both for aesthetics and functionality. Skylights are also now common in the self-serve warehouses; natural lighting reduces energy costs, improves worker morale and gives a better impression of the products.

text: The sequence first involves going through furniture showrooms making note of selected items. The customer then collects a shopping cart and proceeds to an open-shelf "Market Hall" warehouse for smaller items, then visits the "Self Serve" furniture warehouse to collect previously noted showroom products in flat pack form. Sometimes, they are directed to collect products from an external warehouse on the same site or at a site nearby after purchase. Finally, customers pay for their products at a cash register.

text: Today, most stores follow the same layout of having the showroom upstairs with the marketplace and self-service warehouse downstairs. Some stores are single level, while others have separate warehouses to allow more stock to be kept on-site. Single-level stores are found predominantly in areas where the cost of land would be less than the cost of building a 2-level store, such as the Saarlouis, Germany and Haparanda, Sweden locations. Some stores have dual-level warehouses with machine-controlled silos to allow large quantities of stock to be accessed throughout the selling day.

text: Most IKEA stores offer an "as-is" area at the end of the warehouse, just before the cash registers. Returned, damaged and formerly showcased products are displayed here and sold with a significant discount, but also with a no-returns policy. Most IKEA stores communicate the IKEA policy on environmental issues in this part of the store. The area, which is painted red, is named according to local customs, in the United Kingdom this is referred to as "Bargain Corner", in Sweden "FYND" (Bargains) and in Denmark, "Rodebutikken" (Rummage boutique).

text: In Hong Kong, where shop space is limited and costly, IKEA has opened three outlets in the city, most of which have the one-way layout. They are part of shopping malls, and while being tiny compared to common store design, are huge by Hong Kong standards.

text: Food markets[edit]

text: Every store includes a restaurant serving traditional Swedish food, including potatoes with Swedish meatballs.[74][75] In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the usual boiled or mashed potatoes have been replaced with French fries. Besides these Swedish foods, hot dogs and drinks are also sold, along with a few varieties of the local cuisine, and beverages such as lingonberry juice. Also items such as prinsesstårta (princess cake) are sold as desserts. Stores in Israel sell kosher food with a high degree of rabbinical supervision.[76] The kosher restaurants are separated into dairy and meat areas; falafel and non-dairy ice cream are available at the exit. IKEA stores in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates serve chicken shawarma at the exit café as well as beef hot dogs, while in United Kingdom, a Quorn hot dog is available in the exit café.[77] Coffee, soft drinks, and tea refills are free, as like in Sweden within store premises. All of the stores are equipped with Nordic fruit drinks since 2017, replacing Coca-Cola & Pepsi.

text: In many locations, the IKEA restaurants open daily before the rest of the store and serve an inexpensive breakfast.[78][79][80]

text: Every store also has a Swedish Food Market that, until 2011, sold branded Swedish prepared specialist foods, such as meatballs, packages of gravy, lingonberry jam, various biscuits and crackers, and salmon and fish roe spread. Later, IKEA replaced most of the branded foods and extended its product range with the introduction of the IKEA food label. The new label has a variety of items including chocolates, meatballs, jams, pancakes, salmon, along with various drinks. All food products are based on Swedish recipes and traditions.

text: Småland[edit]

text: Every store has a kids play area, named Småland (Swedish for small lands; it is also the Swedish province where Kamprad was born). Parents drop off their children at a gate to the playground, and pick them up after they arrive at another entrance. In some stores, parents are given free pagers by the on-site staff, which the staff can use to summon parents whose children need them earlier than expected; in others, staff summon parents through announcements over the in-store public address system or by calling them on their cellphones.[81]

text: Alternative designs[edit]

text: The vast majority of IKEA stores are located outside of city centers, primarily because of land cost and traffic access. Several smaller store formats have been unsuccessfully tested in the past (the "midi" concept in the early '90s, which was tested in Ottawa and Heerlen with 9,300 m2 (100,000 sq ft), or a "boutique" shop in Manhattan). A new format for a full-size, city centre store was introduced with the opening of the Manchester (United Kingdom) store, situated in Ashton-Under-Lyne in 2006. Another store, in Coventry opened in December 2007. The store has seven floors and a different flow from other IKEA stores. IKEA's Southampton store which opened in February 2009 is also in the city centre and built in an urban style similar to the Coventry store. IKEA built these stores in response to UK government restrictions blocking retail establishment outside city centres.[82]

text: In 2015, IKEA announced that it would be attempting a smaller store design at several locations in Canada. This modified store will feature only a display gallery and small warehouse. One location planned for Kitchener is in the place formerly occupied by a Sears Home store. The warehouses will not keep furniture stocked, and so customers will not be able to drop in to purchase and leave with furniture the same day. Instead, they will purchase the furniture in advance online or in store and order the furniture delivered to one of the new stores, for a greatly reduced rate. IKEA claims that this new model will allow them to expand quickly into new markets rather than spending years opening a full-size store.[83]

text: Products and services[edit]

text: Furniture[edit]

text: Rather than being sold pre-assembled, much of IKEA's furniture is designed to be self-assembled. The company claims that this helps reduce costs and use of packaging by not shipping air; the volume of a bookcase, for example, is considerably less if it is shipped unassembled rather than assembled. This is also more practical for customers using public transport, because flat packs can be more easily carried.

text: IKEA contends that it has been a pioneering force in sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture.[84] Kamprad calls this "democratic design," meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design (see also environmental design). In response to the explosion of human population and material expectations in the 20th and 21st centuries, the company implements economies of scale, capturing material streams and creating manufacturing processes that hold costs and resource use down, such as the extensive use of Medium-Density Fiberboard ("MDF"), also called "particle board." It is an engineered wood fibre glued under heat and pressure to create a building material of superior strength which is resistant to warp. IKEA uses cabinet-grade and furniture-grade MDF in all of its MDF products, such as PAX wardrobes and kitchen cupboards. IKEA also uses wood, plastic, and other materials for furniture and other products. The intended result is flexible, adaptable home furnishings, scalable both to smaller homes and dwellings as well as large houses.

text: Not all furniture is stocked at the store level, such as particular sofa colours needing to be shipped from a warehouse to the customer's home (for a delivery charge). The item can also be shipped from the warehouse to the store. Some stores charge an extra fee for this service, but not all.[clarification needed]

text: Notable items of IKEA furniture include the Poäng armchair, the Billy bookcase and the Klippan sofa, all of which have sold by the tens of millions since the late 1970s.[85][86]

text: Houses and flats[edit]

text: IKEA has also expanded its product base to include flat-pack houses and apartments, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyer's home. (This practice is not new; the defunct Canadian retailer Eaton's sold houses in a similar fashion), The IKEA product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska. Now working in the Nordic countries and in the UK, sites confirmed in England include London, Ashton-under-Lyne, Leeds, Gateshead, Warrington and Liverpool.[87]

text: Solar PV systems[edit]

text: At the end of September 2013, the company announced that solar panel packages, so-called "residential kits", for houses will be sold at 17 UK stores by mid-2014. The decision followed a successful pilot project at the Lakeside IKEA store, whereby one photovoltaic system was sold almost every day. The solar CIGS panels are manufactured by Solibro, a German-based subsidiary of the Chinese company Hanergy.[88][89] By the end of 2014, IKEA began to sell Solibro's solar residential kits in the Netherlands and in Switzerland.[90]

text: In November 2015 IKEA ended its contract with Hanergy and in April 2016 started working with Solarcentury[91]

text: IKEA announced in April 2016, that it was doing a second attempt with SolarCity to sell solar panels in the United Kingdom. It allows users to be able to order them online and starting with three stores and by the end of summer available in all United Kingdom stores.[92]

text: Retail shopping centres[edit]

text: IKEA owns and operates the MEGA Family Shopping Centre chain in Russia.

text: Family Mobile[edit]

text: On 8 August 2008, IKEA UK launched a virtual mobile phone network called IKEA Family Mobile which ran on T-Mobile.[93] At launch it was the cheapest pay-as-you-go network in the UK.[94][95] In June 2015 the network announced that its services would cease to operate from 31 August 2015.[96][97]

text: Manufacturing[edit]

text: Although IKEA household products and furniture are designed in Sweden, they are largely manufactured in developing countries to keep costs down. For most of its products, the final assembly is performed by the end-user (consumer).

text: Swedwood, an IKEA subsidiary, handles production of all of the company's wood-based products, with the largest Swedwood factory located in Southern Poland. According to the subsidiary, over 16,000 employees across 50 sites in 10 countries manufacture the 100 million pieces of furniture that IKEA sells annually. IKEA furniture uses the hardwood alternative particle board and Hultsfred, a factory in southern Sweden, is the company's sole supplier.[98]

text: Product names[edit]

text: IKEA products are identified by one-word (rarely two-word) names. Most of the names are Scandinavian in origin. Although there are some exceptions, most product names are based on a special naming system developed by IKEA.[99]

text:
Upholstered furniture, coffee tables, rattan furniture, bookshelves, media storage, doorknobs: Swedish placenames (for example: Klippan)
Beds, wardrobes, hall furniture: Norwegian place names
Dining tables and chairs: Finnish place names
Bookcase ranges: Occupations
Bathroom articles: Scandinavian lakes, rivers and bays
Kitchens: grammatical terms, sometimes also other names
Chairs, desks: men's names
Fabrics, curtains: women's names
Garden furniture: Swedish islands
Carpets: Danish place names
Lighting: terms from music, chemistry, meteorology, measures, weights, seasons, months, days, boats, nautical terms
Bedlinen, bed covers, pillows/cushions: flowers, plants, precious stones
Children's items: mammals, birds, adjectives
Curtain accessories: mathematical and geometrical terms
Kitchen utensils: foreign words, spices, herbs, fish, mushrooms, fruits or berries, functional descriptions
Boxes, wall decoration, pictures and frames, clocks: colloquial expressions, also Swedish place names

tag: ul

text: For example, DUKTIG (meaning: clever, well-behaved) is a line of children's toys, OSLO is a name of a bed, BILLY (a Swedish masculine name) is a popular bookcase, DINERA (meaning: (to) dine) for tableware, KASSETT (meaning: cassette) for media storage. One range of office furniture is named EFFEKTIV (meaning: efficient, effective), SKÄRPT (meaning: sharp or clever) is a line of kitchen knives.

text: A notable exception is the IVAR shelving system, which dates back to the early 1970s. This item is named after the item's designer.

text: Some of IKEA's Swedish product names have amusing or unfortunate connotations in other languages, sometimes resulting in the names being withdrawn in certain countries. Notable examples for English include the "Jerker" computer desk (discontinued several years ago as of 2013), "Fukta" plant spray, "Fartfull" workbench,[100] and "Lyckhem" (meaning bliss). Kitchen legs are called FAKTUM (called AKURUM in the United States). The latest addition is the new "Askholmen" outdoor suite. Similar blunders happen with other multinational companies.[101] See also: Lufsig

text: Company founder Kamprad, who is dyslexic, found that naming the furniture with proper names and words, rather than a product code, made the names easier to remember.[102]

text: IKEA uses a sales technique called "bulla bulla" in which a bunch of items are purposefully jumbled in bins, to create the impression of volume, and therefore, inexpensiveness.[26][103]

text: Smart Home[edit]

text: In 2017 Ikea started move into the smart home area. The Trådfri smart lighting kit was one of the first signalling this change.[104] IKEA's media team has confirmed that smart home will be a big move, they also started a partnership with Philips Hue.[105] The wireless charging furniture, integrating wireless charger into the furniture, is one of the result of the strategy for smart home.[106]

text: A collaboration to build Sonos' smart speaker technology into furniture sold by IKEA was announced in December 2017.[107] The first products resulting from the collaboration will launch in 2019.[108]

text: Catalogue[edit]

text: IKEA publishes an annual catalogue, first published in Swedish in 1951.[109] IKEA published 197 million catalogues in 2010, in twenty languages and sixty-one editions.[26] It is considered to be the main marketing tool of the retail giant, consuming 70% of the company's annual marketing budget.[110]

text: The catalogue is distributed both in stores and by mail,[111] with most of it being produced by IKEA Communications AB in IKEA's hometown of Älmhult, Sweden where IKEA operates the largest photo studio in northern Europe at 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft).[112] The catalogue itself is printed on chlorine-free paper of 10–15% post-consumer waste, and prints approximately 175 million copies worldwide annually,[113] more than 3 times as much as the Bible.[114]

text: The 2013 catalogue is smartphone compatible, containing videos and photo galleries that can be accessed via an app by scanning the catalogue's pages, while the 2014 catalog incorporates an augmented reality app that projects an item into a real-time photograph image of the user's room. The augmented reality app also provides an indication of the scale of IKEA objects in relation to the user's living environment.[115]

text: IKEA Family card[edit]

text: In common with some other retailers, IKEA launched a loyalty card called "IKEA family". The card is free of charge and can be used to obtain discounts on a special range of products found in each IKEA store. It is available worldwide. In conjunction with the card, IKEA also publishes and sells a printed quarterly magazine titled IKEA Family Live which supplements the card and catalogue. The magazine is already printed in thirteen languages and an English edition for the United Kingdom was launched in February 2007. It is expected to have a subscription of over 500,000.[116]

text: IKEA Family, like other loyalty programs, allows members to obtain lower prices on certain items. Its signature difference from other such programs is that it allows for free tea or coffee (from Monday to Friday at most locations) at the IKEA restaurant.[117][118]

text: IKEA Place App for iOS 11[edit]

text: In September 12, 2017, IKEA announced the augmented reality app “IKEA Place” following by Apple’s release of new ARkit technology and iOS 11.[119] IKEA Place helps consumers to visualize true to scale IKEA products into real environment.[120]

text: Corporate structure[edit]

text: IKEA is owned and operated by a complicated array of not-for-profit and for-profit corporations. The corporate structure is divided into two main parts: operations and franchising.

text: In Australia, IKEA is operated by two companies. Stores located on the East Coast including Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria are owned by INGKA Holding. Stores elsewhere in the country including South Australia and Western Australia are owned by Cebas Pty Ltd.[121] Like elsewhere, all stores are operated under a franchise agreement with Inter IKEA Systems.[122]

text: The ownership of Inter IKEA Systems is exceedingly complicated and not publicly known. Inter IKEA Systems is owned by Inter IKEA Holding, a company registered in Luxembourg. The Inter IKEA Holding, in turn, is owned by the Interogo Foundation, based in Liechtenstein.[123][124] In 2016, the INGKA Holding sold its design, manufacturing and logistics subsidiaries to the Inter IKEA Holding.[125]

text: In June 2013, Ingvar Kamprad resigned from the board of Inter IKEA Holding SA and his youngest son Mathias Kamprad replaced Per Ludvigsson as the chairman of the holding company. Following his decision to step down, the 87-year-old founder explained, "I see this as a good time for me to leave the board of Inter IKEA Group. By that we are also taking another step in the generation shift that has been ongoing for some years."[126] After the 2016 company restructure, Inter IKEA Holding SA no longer exists. Mathias Kamprad became board member of the Inter IKEA Group and the Interogo Foundation.[127] Mathias and his two older brothers, who also have leadership roles at IKEA, work on the corporation's overall vision and long-term strategy.[126]

text: Profits[edit]

text: The net profit of IKEA Group (which does not include Inter IKEA systems) in fiscal year 2009 (after paying franchise fees to Inter IKEA systems) was €2.538 billion on sales of €21.846 billion. Because INGKA Holding is owned by the nonprofit INGKA Foundation, none of this profit is taxed. The foundation's nonprofit status also means that the Kamprad family cannot reap these profits directly, but the Kamprads do collect a portion of IKEA sales profits through the franchising relationship between INGKA Holding and Inter IKEA Systems.

text: Inter IKEA Systems collected €631 million of franchise fees in 2004, but reported pre-tax profits of only €225 million in 2004. One of the major pre-tax expenses that Inter IKEA systems reported was €590 million of "other operating charges". IKEA has refused to explain these charges, but Inter IKEA Systems appears to make large payments to I.I. Holding, another Luxembourg-registered group that, according to The Economist, "is almost certain to be controlled by the Kamprad family." I.I. Holding made a profit of €328 million in 2004.

text: In 2004, the Inter IKEA group of companies and I.I. Holding reported combined profits of €553m and paid €19m in taxes, or approximately 3.5 percent.[123] In 2013 the Daily Mail media publication reported that the IKEA subsidiary Swedwood had grown between 20-30% per year since its inception in 1991.[98]

text: The Berne Declaration, a non-profit organisation in Switzerland that promotes corporate responsibility, has formally criticised IKEA for its tax avoidance strategies. In 2007, the Berne Declaration nominated IKEA for one of its Public Eye "awards", which highlight corporate irresponsibility and are announced during the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.[128]

text: In a company statement emailed on 14 October 2013, IKEA's full-year sales rose 3.1 percent due in part to growth in Russia and China. IKEA's revenue total rose to US$37.9 billion (27.9 billion euros), with significant growth also recorded in North America.[129]

text: In February 2016, the Greens / EFA group in the European Parliament issued a report entitled IKEA: Flat Pack Tax Avoidance on the tax planning strategies of IKEA and their possible use to avoid tax in several European countries. The report was sent to Pierre Moscovici, the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs, and Margrethe Vestager, the European Commissioner for Competition, expressing the hope that it would be of use to them in their respective roles "to advance the fight for tax justice in Europe."[19] .[130] Sales jumped 17 per cent to almost €132 million in the 12 months to the end of August 2015 [131]

text: Control by Kamprad[edit]

text: Along with helping IKEA make non-taxable profit, IKEA's complicated corporate structure allows Kamprad to maintain tight control over the operations of INGKA Holding, and thus the operation of most IKEA stores. The INGKA Foundation's five-person executive committee is chaired by Kamprad. It appoints board of INGKA Holding, approves any changes to INGKA Holding's bylaws, and has the right to preempt new share issues. If a member of the executive committee quits or dies, the other four members appoint his or her replacement.

text: In Kamprad's absence the foundation's bylaws include specific provisions requiring it to continue operating the INGKA Holding group and specifying that shares can be sold only to another foundation with the same objectives as the INGKA Foundation.[123]

text: Charitable giving[edit]

text: The INGKA Foundation is officially dedicated to promoting "innovations in architecture and interior design."[123] The net worth of the foundation exceeded the net worth of the much better known Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (now the largest private foundation in the world) for a period.[132] However, most of the Group's profit is spent on investment; the foundation expects to spend €45 million on charitable giving in 2010 (compare the Gates Foundation, which made gifts of more than $1.5 billion in 2005.[132])

text: IKEA is involved in several international charitable causes, particularly in partnership with UNICEF, including:

text:
In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, IKEA Australia agreed to match dollar for dollar co-workers' donations and donated all sales of the IKEA Blue Bag to the cause.
After the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, IKEA gave 500,000 blankets to the relief effort in the region.[133]
IKEA has provided furniture for over 100 "bridge schools" in Liberia.[134]
In the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China, IKEA Beijing sold an alligator toy for 40 yuan (US$5.83, €3.70) with all income going to the children in the earthquake struck area.

text: IKEA also supports American Forests to restore forests and reduce pollution.[135][136]

text: IKEA Social Initiative[edit]

text: In September 2005, IKEA Social Initiative was formed to manage the company's social involvements on a global level. IKEA Social Initiative is headed by Marianne Barner.

text: The main partners of IKEA Social Initiative are UNICEF[137] and Save the Children.[138]

text: On 23 February 2009, at the ECOSOC event in New York, UNICEF announced that IKEA Social Initiative has become the agency's largest corporate partner, with total commitments of more than US$180 million.[139][140]

text: Examples of involvements:

text:
The IKEA Social Initiative contributes €1 to UNICEF and Save the Children from each soft toy sold during the holiday seasons, raising a total of €16.7 million so far.[141] In 2013, an IKEA soft toy, Lufsig, created a storm and sold out in Hong Kong and in Southern China because it had been misnamed in Chinese.[142]
The IKEA Social Initiative provided soft toys to children in Burma after Cyclone Nargis.[143]
Starting in June 2009, for every Sunnan solar-powered lamp sold in IKEA stores worldwide, IKEA Social Initiative will donate one Sunnan with the help of UNICEF.[144]
In September 2011,[145] the IKEA Foundation pledged to donate $62 million to help Somali refugees in Kenya.[26]
According to The Economist, however, IKEA's charitable giving is meager, "barely a rounding error in the foundation's assets."[26]

text: In 2009, Sweden's largest television station, SVT, revealed that IKEA's money—the three per cent collection from each store—does not actually go to a charitable foundation in the Netherlands, as IKEA has said. Inter IKEA is owned by a foundation in Liechtenstein, called Interogo, which has amassed $12 billion, and is controlled by the Kamprad family.[26]

text: Environmental performance[edit]

text: After initial environmental issues like the highly publicized formaldehyde scandals in the early 1980s and 1992,[146][147][148] IKEA took a proactive stance on environmental issues and tried to prevent future incidents through a variety of measures.[149] In 1990, IKEA invited Karl-Henrik Robèrt, founder of the Natural Step, to address its board of directors. Robert's system conditions for sustainability provided a strategic approach to improving the company's environmental performance. In 1990, IKEA adopted the Natural Step framework as the basis for its environmental plan.[150] This led to the development of an Environmental Action Plan, which was adopted in 1992. The plan focused on structural change, allowing IKEA to "maximize the impact of resources invested and reduce the energy necessary to address isolated issues."[150] The environmental measures taken include the following:

text:
Replacing polyvinylchloride (PVC) in wallpapers, home textiles, shower curtains, lampshades and furniture—PVC has been eliminated from packaging and is being phased out in electric cables;
minimizing the use of formaldehyde in its products, including textiles;
eliminating acid-curing lacquers;
producing a model of chair (OGLA) made from 100% post-consumer plastic waste;
introducing a series of air-inflatable furniture products into the product line. Such products reduce the use of raw materials for framing and stuffing and reduce transportation weight and volume to about 15% of that of conventional furniture;
reducing the use of chromium for metal surface treatment;
limiting the use of substances such as cadmium, lead, PCB, PCP, and Azo pigments;
using wood from responsibly managed forests that replant and maintain biological diversity;
using only recyclable materials for flat packaging and "pure" (non-mixed) materials for packaging to assist in recycling.[150]
introducing rental bicycles with trailers for customers in Denmark.[151]

text: In 2000 IKEA introduced its code of conduct for suppliers, called the IKEA way of purchasing, shortened as IWAY. Today IWAY is a totally integrated part of IKEA's purchasing model. IWAY covers social, safety and environmental questions. Today IKEA has around 60 IWAY auditors who perform hundreds of supplier audits every year. The main purpose with IWAY is to make sure that the IKEA suppliers follow the law in each country where they are based. Most IKEA suppliers fulfill the law today with exceptions for some special issues, one being excessive working hours in Asia, in countries such as China and India.[citation needed]

text: More recently,[when?] IKEA has stopped providing plastic bags to customers, but offers reusable bags for sale. The IKEA restaurants also only offer reusable plates, knives, forks, spoons, etc. Toilets in some IKEA WC-rooms have been outfitted with dual-function flushers. IKEA has recycling bins for compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), energy saving bulbs and batteries. In 2001 IKEA was one of the first companies to operate its own cross-border goods trains through several countries in Europe.[152]

text: In August 2008, IKEA also announced that it had created IKEA GreenTech, a €50 million venture capital fund. Located in Lund (a university town in Sweden), it will invest in 8–10 companies in the coming five years with focus on solar panels, alternative light sources, product materials, energy efficiency and water saving and purification. The aim is to commercialise green technologies for sale in IKEA stores within 3–4 years.[153][154]

text: To make IKEA a more sustainable company, a product life cycle was created. For the idea stage, products should be flat-packed so that more items can be shipped at once; products should also be easier to dismantle and recycle. Raw materials are used, and since wood and cotton are two of IKEA's most important manufacturing products, the company works with environmentally friendly forests and cotton, whereby the excessive use of chemicals and water is avoided.[155]

text: Manufacturing is third in the life cycle and includes IWAY, IKEA's code of conduct for manufacturers and suppliers that formulates and enforces requirements for working conditions, social and environmental standards, and what suppliers can expect from IKEA in return. Marketing is another part of IKEA's life cycle and a portion of the paper used for its catalogues is sourced from responsibly managed forests. The catalogue is also smaller, so that less paper is required, less waste is produced and more catalogues can be shipped per load.[citation needed]

text: IKEA stores recycle waste and many run on renewable energy with the use of energy-saving bulbs and sensors. All employees are trained in environmental and social responsibility, while public transit is one of the priorities when the location of stores is considered. Also, the coffee and chocolate served at IKEA stores is UTZ Certified.[156]

text: The last stage of the life cycle is the end of life. Most IKEA stores recycle light bulbs and drained batteries, and the company is also exploring the recycling of sofas and other home furnishing products. According to IKEA's 2012 "Sustainability Report", 23% of all wood that the company uses meets the standards of the Forest Stewardship Council, and the report states that IKEA aims to double this percentage by 2017. The report also states that IKEA does not accept illegally logged wood and supports 13 World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) projects.[98]

text: On 17 February 2011, IKEA announced its plans to develop a wind farm in Dalarna County, Sweden, furthering its goal of using only renewable energy to fuel its operations.[157] As of June 2012,[needs update] 17 United States IKEA stores are powered by solar panels, with 22 additional installations in progress,[158] and IKEA owns the 165 MW Cameron Wind farm in Cameron County on the South Texas coast[159] and a 42 MW coastal wind farm in Finland.[160]

text: In 2011, the company examined its wood consumption and noticed that almost half of its global pine and spruce consumption was for the fabrication of pallets. The company consequently started a transition to the use of paper pallets and the "Optiledge system".[161] The OptiLedge product is totally recyclable, made from 100% virgin high-impact copolymer polypropylene (PP). The system is a "unit load alternative to the use of a pallet. The system consists of the OptiLedge (usually used in pairs), aligned and strapped to the bottom carton to form a base layer upon which to stack more product. Corner boards are used when strapping to minimize the potential for package compression." The conversion began in Germany and Japan, before its introduction into the rest of Europe and North America.[162] The system has been marketed to other companies, and IKEA has formed the OptiLedge company to manage and sell the product.[163]

text: IKEA has expanded its sustainability plan in the UK to include electric car charge points for customers at all locations by the end of 2013.[164] The effort will include Nissan and Ecotricity and promise to deliver an 80% charge in 30 minutes.[165]

text: In February 2014, IKEA in the UK announced that from 2016 they will only sell energy-efficient LED lightbulbs, lamps and light fixtures. LED lightbulbs use as much as only 15% of the power of a regular incandescent light bulb.[166] IKEA hope to have a 100% clean energy supply in all their firms come the year 2020.[167]

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Negative media attention[edit]

text: IKEA's goals of sustainability and environmental design in its merchandise have sometimes been at odds with the impact a new IKEA store can have on a community. In particular, the size of proposed IKEA stores has often seen significant opposition from members of such communities. The following are a list of issues which have received negative media attention, both regarding the size of IKEA's stores and other controversies:

text:
In September 2004, when IKEA offered a limited number of free $150 vouchers at the opening of a new store in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, three people were crushed to death in a stampede that followed the store's opening.[168]

IKEA at Atlantic Station in Atlanta, US.

IKEA has demolished historic buildings to make room for parking lots, including part of Marcel Breuer's landmark Pirelli Tire Building[169] and the Red Hook graving dock.[170] (At the College Park, Maryland, US, store there is an interactive digital display which tells the history of a tavern which used to exist where the store is currently located.)
In 2007, about ten ancient tombs were destroyed while IKEA built a store in Nanjing, southeastern China. Archaeologists from the Nanjing Museum asked whether the building company could halt work while they collect artifacts, but they did not receive the necessary permission.[171]
IKEA was refused planning permission for a future store in the UK in 2004 (to be based in Stockport, near Manchester) by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. It applied for judicial review but lost in 2005.[172][173] However, it later received permission to build a store within the Manchester area a few miles from the originally planned site in Ashton-under-Lyne.[174] An estimated £10,000 was spent on traffic policing, and even more on rerouting traffic from the M60 motorway around Ashton.
In 2004, there was controversy about an Irish law restricting the maximum size of a retail outlet to 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft). IKEA's plan to build a much larger store in Dublin caused the law to be put up for debate. The law was changed to remove the size limit for retail outlets selling durable goods in designated areas.[175] The Minister for the Environment was criticised for allegedly changing the law to suit one company and other agencies protested the law change as damaging to small businesses while the government defended its decision stating that the move was a positive one for Irish consumers. IKEA Dublin has since opened on 27 July 2009.[176]
After viewing the 100-foot-tall (30 m) sign of an IKEA under construction near Portland International Airport, Randy Leonard, the city commissioner in charge of sign permits in Portland, Oregon, placed a moratorium on all pending and future sign permits in the area.[177]
In June 2007 the designated nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party complained about an artist's rendering of IKEA Belfast that included both the Union Flag and the Ulster Banner flag as two of the three flags in front of the store. After being labelled "an upmarket Orange hall" by the party, IKEA assured customers and co-workers that only the Swedish flag would be seen outside the actual store.[178]
In a police investigation (2008) for corruption in Spain, there appears a conversation between a director of IKEA Expansion and an entrepreneur owner of the land selected to locate a store in Alicante. The IKEA director was pleased to meet with the "Spanish mafia"[179]

text: Dissatisfaction at price-discrimination[edit]

text: IKEA has been criticised by Citytv in Canada for charging up to twice as much in their Canadian stores as for the same items sold in their American stores, despite the Canadian dollar reaching parity with the U.S. dollar.[180]

text: Within the days after the launch of the South Korean edition of the official website, complaints arose from a group of consumers on Ikea's pricing policy in the country: the prices of certain products were higher than other countries.[181] On 24 November 2014, Jang Duck-jin, head of the Fair Trade Commission's consumer policy bureau, told the media that the Commission was planning to commission a consumer group to compare Ikea's product prices by country,[182] and on 19 March 2015, the Consumers Union of Korea published a report comparing the prices of 49 Ikea products in South Korea and other countries.[183]

text: Biased branding and advertising accusations[edit]

text:
Former Norwegian prime minister Kjell Magne Bondevik has criticized IKEA for not depicting women assembling furniture in its instruction booklets.[184] IKEA denied this claim in a statement.[185]
In June 2007, The BRUNKRISSLA bedding notes said, "Brightens up your grad's dorm. Unlike a creepy gothic room-mate, who can be a bad influence." Members of the goth subculture took offence at the stereotype.[186]
A researcher from the University of Copenhagen pointed out that for years, IKEA has named their cheap rugs after Danish places, while the more expensive and luxurious furniture was named after Swedish places. The researcher, Klaus Kjøller, who is well known for tongue-in-cheek statements, accused IKEA of cultural imperialism.[187]
In October 2012, IKEA was criticized for airbrushing women out of pictures in catalogues which were used in Saudi Arabia.[188]
In October 2017, a TV commercial by IKEA showing a mother scolding her daughter for not "bringing home a boyfriend" was criticized by netizens for "sexist" and discrimination against singles and single women in China. IKEA then apologized for "giving the wrong perception".[189]

text: Erroneous E-mail[edit]

text: In 2008, IKEA sent an email to its British customers advising that "IKEA Shop Online is open everywhere", even though this only applied to England and Wales. As of April 2013[update], Scottish residents are able to shop online, but not Northern Irish residents.[190]

text: Horsemeat Meatballs[edit]

text: In February 2013, IKEA announced it had pulled 17,000 portions of Swedish meatballs containing beef and pork from stores in Europe after testing in the Czech Republic found traces of horsemeat in the product. The company actually removed the Swedish meatballs from stores' shelves on 25 February 2013, but only made the announcement public after Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet uncovered what happened.[191] In a March 2013 media report, an IKEA representative stated that the corporation had forced Familjen Dafgard, its main meatball supplier, to cease business with eight of its 15 suppliers and would reduce the number of purchasing countries. The discovered horsemeat was traced to a Polish abattoir.[192]

text: Child Deaths[edit]

text: Six babies were crushed to their deaths beneath the Malm line of dressers, which had not been properly secured to the wall to prevent tip over. Wrongful death lawsuits were settled by Ikea in 2016 for $50 million in compensation to the families of the dead babies.[193] In June 2016, after a third toddler died in the U.S., Ikea recalled all Malm dressers as well as several similar models which posed a tipping danger if not secured to the wall with the supplied kit.[194][195] On July 12, 2016, bowing to two weeks of rising pressure in China, Ikea announced that it was extending this recall to that country, which - along with Europe - was initially excluded from the recall.[196] Over 29 million dressers have been recalled.[197][198][199] IKEA has settled wrongful death lawsuits for over $50 million in compensation to the families of children who were killed by Malm dressers which tipped over.[200][201]

text: Labor issues[edit]

text:
In 2012, IKEA in France was accused by the independent newspaper Le Canard enchaîné and the investigative website Mediapart of spying on its employees and clients by illegally accessing French police records. The head of risk management at IKEA feared his employees were anti-globalists or potential ecoterrorists.[202][203]
In October 2012, Glendal Foods – a major supplier to IKEA Store Restaurants in Australia – was the subject of bullying allegations by about 50% of staff at the company and the National Union of Workers. Claims included self-harm by a worker, retention of wages, and a significant long-term pattern of staff abuse. The complaints are under investigation by WorkSafe Victoria. IKEA Australia has not yet made a formal comment.[204]

text: Operation Scandinavica[edit]

text: In 2014, documents were found at the Securitate archives in Bucharest which indicated that IKEA's open purchase of Romanian lumber throughout the 1980s was part of a complex scheme (codenamed "Scandinavica") to fund the Securitate and allow the accumulation of foreign currency: the Romanian lumber company Tehnoforestexport would regularly overcharge IKEA, transfer the overpayments into private Securitate bank accounts, wait for interest to accrue, and then reimburse IKEA the principal. IKEA has denied complicity in Scandinavica, but has begun an internal investigation to learn more.[205]

text: Use of forced labor[edit]

text: During the 1980s, IKEA kept its costs down by using production facilities in East Germany. A portion of the workforce at those factories consisted of political prisoners. This fact, revealed in a report by Ernst & Young commissioned by the company, resulted from intermingling of criminals and political dissidents in the state-owned production facilities IKEA contracted with, a practice which was generally known in West Germany. IKEA was one of a number of companies, including West German firms, which benefited from this practice. The investigation resulted from attempts by former political prisoners to obtain compensation. In November 2012, IKEA admitted being aware at the time of the possibility of use of forced labor and failing to exercise sufficient control to identify and avoid it. A summary of the Ernst & Young report was released on 16 November 2012.[206]

text: Verdana typeface[edit]

text: In 2009, IKEA changed the typeface used in its catalogue from Futura to Verdana, expressing a desire to unify its branding between print and web media. The controversy has been attributed to the perception of Verdana as a symbol of homogeneity in popular typography.[207] Time magazine and The Associated Press ran articles on the controversy including a brief interview with an IKEA representative, focusing on the opinions of typographers and designers.[208] Design and advertising industry-focused publications such as Business Week joined the fray of online posts. The branding critic blog, Brand New, was one of those using the "Verdanagate" name.[207] The Australian online daily news site Crikey also published an article on the controversy.[209] The Guardian ran an article asking "Ikea is changing its font to Verdana – causing outrage among typomaniacs. Should the rest of us care? Absolutely."[210]

text: Advertising[edit]

text: In 1994, IKEA ran a commercial in the United States widely thought to be the first to feature a homosexual couple; it aired for several weeks before being pulled after calls for a boycott and a bomb threat directed at IKEA stores.[211] Other IKEA commercials appeal to the wider GLBTQ community, one featuring a transgender woman.[212]

text: In 2002, the inaugural television component of the "Unböring" campaign, titled Lamp, went on to win several awards, including a Grand Clio,[213] Golds at the London International Awards[214] and the ANDY Awards,[215] and the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival,[216] the most prestigious awards ceremony in the advertising community.

text: IKEA launched a UK-wide "Home is the Most Important Place in the World" advertising campaign in September 2007 using estate agent signs with the term "Not For Sale" written on them as part of the wider campaign. After the campaign appeared in the Metro newspaper London the business news website www.mad.co.uk remarked that the IKEA campaign had amazing similarities with the marketing activity of UK home refurbishment company Onis living who had launched its own Not For Sale advertising campaign two years prior and was awarded the Interbuild 2006 Construction Marketing Award for best campaign under £25,000.[217][218]

text: A debate ensued between Fraser Patterson, Chief Executive of Onis and Andrew McGuinness, partner at Beattie McGuinness Bungay (BMB), the advertising and PR agency awarded the £12m IKEA account.[219][220] The essence of the debate was that BMB claimed to be unaware of Onis's campaign as Onis was not an advertising agency. Onis's argument was that its advertising could be seen in prominent landmarks throughout London, having been already accredited, showing concern about the impact IKEA's campaign would have on the originality of its own. BMB and IKEA subsequently agreed to provide Onis with a feature page on the IKEA campaign site linking through to Onis's website for a period of 1 year.

text: In 2008, IKEA paired up with the makers of video game The Sims 2 to make a stuff pack called IKEA Home Stuff, featuring many IKEA products. It was released on 24 June 2008 in North America and 26 June 2008 in Europe. It is the second stuff pack with a major brand, the first being The Sims 2 H&M Fashion Stuff.

text: IKEA took over the title sponsorship of Philadelphia's annual Thanksgiving Day parade in 2008, replacing Boscov's, which filed for bankruptcy in August 2008.

text: In November 2008, a subway train decorated in IKEA style was introduced in Novosibirsk, Russia.[221] Four cars were turned into a mobile showroom of the Swedish design. The redesigned train, which features colourful seats and fancy curtains, carried passengers until 6 June 2009.

text: Oyster cards (the ticket-free system for the London Underground) were for given with wallets sponsored by IKEA in 2008-09. IKEA also sponsored the tube map.[222][223]

text: In January 2009, just before the new store opened in Southampton, MV Red Osprey of Red Funnel was re-painted in an entirely yellow and blue livery to celebrate the opening of the new IKEA store in Southampton. This is the first time a Red Funnel ferry has been re-painted out of its own red and white colour scheme. It stayed in these colours for 12 months as part of a deal between Red Funnel and IKEA to provide home delivery services to the Isle of Wight. It was repainted with Red Funnel's red and white livery when the deal ended in January 2010.

text: In March 2010, IKEA developed an event in four important Metro stations in Paris, in which furniture collections are displayed in high-traffic spots, giving potential customers a chance to check out the brand's products. The Metro walls were also filled with prints that showcase IKEA interiors.

text: In September 2010, IKEA launched an advertisement for UK & Ireland called "Happy Inside" which had 100 cats lying on IKEA furniture in the flagship IKEA store in Wembley, London.[224]

text: In April 2011, an advertising campaign was launched aiming at discovering whether men or women are messier in the home. Created by Mother, the campaign will begin with a TV advert shot in front of a live audience, featuring four stand-up comedians, two men and two women, debating which gender is messier. The idea behind the campaign is that domestic clutter leads to arguments, and thus to an unhappy home, a conflict that IKEA wants to show can be avoided with better storage. Viewers will be directed to a new Facebook page for the brand, where they are able to vote on who they believe is messier, and submit evidence using videos and photos through an app created especially for the campaign. Meanwhile, online display banners will allow other users the opportunity to vote, with online adverts promoting IKEA products demonstrating the problems confronting people, and offering solutions.[225]

text: In 2016, in conjunction with Stokholm ad agency Åkestam Holst, IKEA released the "Where Life Happens" video campaign.[226] The series focused on taboo issues like divorce and adoption, and was filmed in a non-traditional 4:3 aspect ratio.[226][227] The campaign won an Epica gold award in Amsterdam.[228]

text: Acquisitions[edit]

text: In September 2017, IKEA announced they would be acquiring San Francisco-based TaskRabbit. The deal should be completed by the end of October 2017 and TaskRabbit will remain an independent company.[229]

text: Other ventures[edit]

text: As of 2012, IKEA is in joint venture with TCL to provide Uppleva integrated HDTV and entertainment system product.[230][231]

text: In mid-August 2012, the company announced that it will establish a chain of 100 economy hotels in Europe but, unlike its few existing hotels in Scandinavia, they will not carry the IKEA name, nor will they use IKEA furniture and furnishings – they will be operated by an unnamed international group of hoteliers.[232]

text: Awards[edit]

text: IKEA was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 and 2005 by Working Mothers magazine. It ranked 80 in Fortune's 200 Best Companies to Work For in 2006 and in October 2008, IKEA Canada LP was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. Additionally, IKEA is the most popular store for college furnishings.[233] IKEA was awarded the Nordic Language Award of 2017 for introducing Scandinavian language and culture to the global audience.[234]

text: Countries with IKEA presence[edit]

text: IKEA has 400 stores around the world. Among the countries that have double-digit IKEA stores are:

text:
Australia
Canada
China
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Russia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States


document_title: Sierra Kay

question_text: who sings the female vocals in if it means a lot to you

text: Sierra Kay

text: Early life[edit]

text: Kusterbeck was born and raised in St. Petersburg, Florida.[1] She began taking vocal lessons in the third grade.[2] She attended the arts-centric PCCA Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg for three years as a Musical Theatre major,[3] but dropped out of high school to pursue music as a career.

text: Career[edit]

text: VersaEmerge[edit]

text: Kusterbeck auditioned to be VersaEmerge's lead vocalist in 2006, by sending a tape of herself singing one of VersaEmerge's songs, "The Blank Static Screen".[4]

text: VersaEmerge released their first EP with Kusterbeck on vocals, Perceptions, in May 2008. They were signed to Fueled by Ramen in 2008, and they released their self-titled EP in 2009 and their debut album Fixed at Zero the following year.

text: Neaux[edit]

text: In 2016, Kay along with Nick Fit of Trash Talk started the band Neaux. Described as a Indie/post-punk band, they released their debut album "Fell Off The Deep End" in 2016.[5]

text: In August 2017, they announced the release of their second album called "Chain Up The Sun" out on The Native Sounds.

text: Other work[edit]

text: Kay featured on English rapper Professor Green's album At Your Inconvenience, on the track "Avalon". The track was later used as part of an advertising campaign for the energy drink Relentless.

text: In mid to late 2011, Kay revealed that she was called to be the face of a line of shoes for Payless, a shoe company, called Brash. The line was released in early August.[6][7]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Kusterbeck has a tattoo of an adhesive bandage on her left kneecap, as well as a tattoo of the word "TOUR" on her right foot.[8][better source needed]

text: Discography[edit]

text: As featured artist[edit]

text:
Title

Year

Peak chart positions

Album

UK

IRE

"Avalon"(Professor Green featuring Sierra Kusterbeck)

2012

29
95

At Your Inconvenience

text: Guest appearances[edit]

text:
Title

Year

Album

"If It Means a Lot to You"[9](A Day to Remember featuring Sierra Kusterbeck)

2009

Homesick

"Contagious"(Anarbor featuring Sierra Kusterbeck)

2011

The Mixtape

"West Coast"(Brown & Gammon featuring Sierra Kusterbeck)

2013

Non-album single

"(No) Faith in Fate"(I the Mighty featuring Sierra Kay)

2015

Connector