document_title: List of United States presidential vetoes

question_text: when was the last time a presidential veto was overridden

text: Logic of vetoes[edit]

text: Although each case is unique and involves a plethora of influences, one general rule can be acknowledged: Presidents use their prerogative to veto legislation when such legislation does not represent their viewpoint or agenda.[1]

text: Veto threat[edit]

text: Occasionally, a President either publicly or privately threatens Congress with a veto to influence the content or passage of legislation. There is no record of what constitutes a "veto threat", or how many have been made over the years, but it has become a staple of Presidential politics and a sometimes effective way of shaping policy. A President may also warn Congress of a veto of a particular bill so as to persuade Congress not to waste time passing particular legislation or including certain provisions in a bill when the President is prepared to veto it.

text: Summary of vetoes[edit]

text:
President
Regular
vetoes[2]
Pocket
vetoes[2]
Total
vetoes[2]
Vetoes
overridden[2]
Percentage vetoes
overridden[3]
Percentage regular
vetoes overridden

Total
1505
1067
2572
110
4%
7%

George Washington
2
0
2
0
0%
0%

John Adams
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

Thomas Jefferson
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

James Madison
5
2
7
0
0%
0%

James Monroe
1
0
1
0
0%
0%

John Q. Adams
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

Andrew Jackson
5
7
12
0
0%
0%

Martin Van Buren
0
1
1
0
0%
0%

William Henry Harrison
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

John Tyler
6
4
10
1
10%
16%

James Polk
2
1
3
0
0%
0%

Zachary Taylor
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

Millard Fillmore
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

Franklin Pierce
9
0
9
5
56%
56%

James Buchanan
4
3
7
0
0%
0%

Abraham Lincoln
2
5
7
0
0%
0%

Andrew Johnson
21
8
29
15
52%
71%

Ulysses S. Grant
45
48
93
4
4%
9%

Rutherford B. Hayes
12
1
13
1
8%
8%

James A. Garfield
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

Chester A. Arthur
4
8
12
1
8%
25%

Grover Cleveland
304
110
414
2
1%
1%

Benjamin Harrison
19
25
44
1
2%
5%

Grover Cleveland
42
128
170
5
3%
12%

William McKinley
6
36
42
0
0%
0%

Theodore Roosevelt
42
40
82
1
1%
2%

William H. Taft
30
9
39
1
3%
3%

Woodrow Wilson
33
11
44
6
14%
18%

Warren G. Harding
5
1
6
0
0%
0%

Calvin Coolidge
20
30
50
4
8%
20%

Herbert Hoover
21
16
37
3
8%
14%

Franklin D. Roosevelt
372
263
635
9
1%
2%

Harry S. Truman
180
70
250
12
5%
7%

Dwight D. Eisenhower
73
108
181
2
1%
3%

John F. Kennedy
12
9
21
0
0%
0%

Lyndon B. Johnson
16
14
30
0
0%
0%

Richard Nixon
27
17
43
7
16%
27%

Gerald Ford
48
18
66
12
18%
25%

Jimmy Carter
13
18
31
2
6%
15%

Ronald Reagan
39
39
78
9
12%
23%

George H. W. Bush[4][5]
29
15
44
1
2%
2%

Bill Clinton
36
1
37
2
5%
6%

George W. Bush
12
0
12
4
33%
33%

Barack Obama
12
0
12
1
8%
8%

Donald Trump
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A

text: Vetoes cast[edit]

text: Presidential veto records[edit]

text: Source: [6]

text:
Most presidential vetoes: Franklin D. Roosevelt (635)
Fewest presidential vetoes: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Millard Fillmore, James A. Garfield, Donald Trump (0)
Most vetoes in a single complete term: Grover Cleveland, first term, (414)
Most vetoes in two complete terms: Grover Cleveland (584)
Fewest vetoes in a single complete term: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson (each term), James Monroe (First Term), John Quincy Adams, George W. Bush (First Term) (0)
Fewest vetoes in two complete terms: Thomas Jefferson (0)
Most vetoes in a single congressional session: Grover Cleveland, 50th United States Congress (212)
Most veto overrides by congress: Andrew Johnson (15)

tag: ul

text: The following is an incomplete list of the dates and bills of each veto for each president:

text: George Washington[edit]

text: Two vetoes:

text:
April 5, 1792: Vetoed the Apportionment Act on constitutional grounds.[7]
February 28, 1797: vetoed A Bill to alter and amend an Act titled, "An Act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States" on the advice of Secretary of War James McHenry.[7]

text: John Adams[edit]

text: No vetoes. The second president was the first not to exercise the veto.

text: Thomas Jefferson[edit]

text: No vetoes. Jefferson is the only two-term president never to have used the veto.

text: James Madison[edit]

text: Five regular vetoes, two pocket vetoes:

text:
An act incorporating the Protestant Episcopal Church in the town of Alexandria in the District of Columbia, vetoed February 21, 1811. The bill provided for the incorporation of an Episcopal church in Alexandria into the District of Columbia. Madison vetoed it on the ground that it violated the Establishment Clause.[8][9]
An act for the relief of Richard Tervin, William Coleman, Edwin Lewis, Samuel Mims, Joseph Wilson, and the Baptist Church at Salem Meeting House, in the Mississippi Territory, vetoed February 28, 1811. The bill granting public lands to a Baptist church in the Mississippi Territory. Madison vetoed it on the ground that it violated the Establishment Clause.[9][10]
For the trial of Causes pending in the respective District Courts of the United States, in case of the absence or disability of the Judges thereof, vetoed April 3, 1812.
On the subject of a uniform rule of naturalization, pocket vetoed.
To incorporate the subscribers to the Bank of the United States of America, vetoed January 30, 1815.
To provide for free information of stereotype plates and to encourage the printing and gratuitous distribution of the Scriptures by the Bible societies within the United States, pocket vetoed.
The Bonus Bill (An act to set apart and pledge certain funds for internal improvements, and which sets apart and pledges funds for constructing roads and canals, and improving the navigation of water courses to facilitate, promote, and give security to internal commerce among the several States, and to render more easy and less expensive the means and provisions for the common defense), vetoed March 3, 1817. The bill was sponsored by John C. Calhoun and provided for internal improvements using surplus funds from the Second Bank of the United States. Madison vetoed on constitutional grounds.[11]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)

text: James Monroe[edit]

text: One veto:

text: The Cumberland Road Bill (An act for the preservation and repair of the Cumberland road), vetoed May 4, 1822. Monroe wrote in his veto message that "A power to establish turnpikes with gates and tolls, and to enforce the collection of tolls by penalties, implies a power to adopt and execute a complete system of internal improvement," which he believed was unconstitutional.[12]

text: John Quincy Adams[edit]

text: No vetoes. Adams was the third and most recent president to never use the veto power while serving at least one complete term in office.

text: Andrew Jackson[edit]

text: Twelve vetoes:

text:
On May 27, 1830, he vetoed a bill that would allow the Federal government to purchase stock in the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company, which had been organized to construct a road linking Lexington and the Ohio River, the entirety of which would be in the state of Kentucky.
To authorize a subscription of stock in the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company, vetoed May 30, 1830.
To authorize a subscription for stock on the part of the United States in the Louisville and Portland Canal Company, pocket vetoed.
For making appropriations for building light-houses, light-boats, and monuments, placing buoys, and improving harbors and directing surveys, pocket vetoed.
Second Bank of the United States Re-Charter, vetoed July 10, 1832.
For the final settlement of the claims of States for interests on advances to the United States, made during the last war, pocket vetoed.
For the improvement of certain harbors, and the navigation of certain rivers, pocket vetoed.
To appropriate, for a limited time, the proceeds of the sales of the public lands of the United States, and for granting lands to certain states, pocket vetoed.
To improve the navigation of the Wabash River, pocket vetoed.
To authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to compromise the claims allowed by the Commissioners under the treaty with the King of the Two Sicilies, concluded October 14, 1832, vetoed March 3, 1835.
To appoint a day for the annual meeting of Congress, vetoed June 10, 1836.
Act of Congress Overruling Jackson's Specie Circular, pocket vetod.

text: Martin Van Buren[edit]

text: One pocket veto:

text: To provide for the distribution, in part, of the Madison Papers, pocket vetoed.

text: William Henry Harrison[edit]

text: No vetoes. Harrison died after four weeks in office. Congress was never in session during his tenure, and never presented any legislation for his approval.

text: John Tyler[edit]

text: Ten total vetoes, including four pocket vetoes:

text:
To incorporate the subscribers to the Fiscal Bank of the United States of America, vetoed August 16, 1841.
Fiscal Corporation Bill. To provide for the better collection, safekeeping, and disbursement of the public revenue, by means of a corporation to be styled the Fiscal Corporation of the United States, vetoed September 9, 1841.
To provide revenue from imports, and to change and modify existing laws imposing duties on imports, vetoed August 9, 1842.
To extend for a limited period the present laws for laying and collecting duties on imports, vetoed June 29, 1842.
Regulating the taking of testimony on cases of contested elections, pocket vetoed.
To appropriate the proceeds of the sales of public lands, and to grant pre-exemption rights, pocket vetoed.
Directing payment of the certificates or awards issued by the commissioners under the treaty with the Cherokee Indians, pocket vetoed.
Making appropriations for the improvement of certain harbors and rivers, vetoed June 11, 1844.
Relating to revenue cutters and steamers, vetoed February 20, 1845. Veto Overridden. The Senate overrode the veto on March 3, 1845, by a vote of 41 yeas to 1 nay. The House overrode the veto on March 3, 1845, by a vote of 127 yeas to 30 nays.
Making appropriations for the improvements of navigation of certain harbors and rivers, pocket vetoed.

text: James K. Polk[edit]

text: Three vetoes.

text: Zachary Taylor[edit]

text: No vetoes.

text: Millard Fillmore[edit]

text: No vetoes.

text: Franklin Pierce[edit]

text: Nine vetoes:

text:
Making a grant of public lands to the several States for the benefit of indigent insane persons, vetoed May 3, 1854.
Making appropriations for the repair, preservation, and completion of certain public works, heretofore commenced under authority of law, vetoed August 4, 1854.
To provide for the ascertainment of claims of American citizens or spoliations committed by the French prior to July 31, 1801, vetoed February 17, 1855.
Making appropriations for the transportation of the United States mail, by ocean steamships and otherwise, during the fiscal years ending the 30th of June, 1855 and the 30th of June, 1856, vetoed March 3, 1855.
Making an appropriation for deepening the channel over the St. Clair Flats, in the State of Michigan, vetoed May 19, 1856. Veto overridden by the Senate on July 7, 1856 (28–8), and by the House on July 8, 1856 (139–55).
To remove obstructions to navigation in the mouth of the Mississippi River, at the Southwest Pass and Pass a l'Outre, vetoed May 19, 1856. Veto overridden by the Senate on July 7, 1856 (31–12), and by the House on July 8, 1856 (143–55).
Making an appropriation for deepening the channel over the flats of the St. Mary's River, in the State of Michigan, vetoed May 22, 1856. Veto overridden by the Senate on July 7, 1856 (28–10), and by the House on July 8, 1856 (136–54).
For continuing the improvement of the Des Moines Rapids, in the Mississippi River, vetoed August 11, 1856. Veto overridden by the House on August 11, 1856 (130–54), and by the Senate on August 16, 1856 (30–14).
For the improvement of the navigation of the Patapsco River, and to render the port of Baltimore accessible to the war steamers of the United States, vetoed August 14, 1856. Veto overridden by the Senate on August 16, 1856 (31–14), and by the House on August 16, 1856 (127–47).

text: James Buchanan[edit]

text: Four regular vetoes, plus three pocket vetoes.[13]

text:
June 14, 1858 – H.J. Res. 37. In regard to the carrying of the United States mails from St. Joseph’s, Missouri, to Placerville, California. Pocket veto.
February 24, 1859 – H.R. 2. Donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the House (105–96).
March 10, 1859 – S. 321. Making an appropriation for deepening the channel over the St. Clair flats, in the State of Michigan. Pocket veto.
March 10, 1859 – S.J. Res. 87. In relation to removal of obstructions to navigation in the mouth of the Mississippi River. Pocket veto.
April 17, 1860 – S. 29. For the relief of Arthur Edwards and his associates. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (22–30).
June 22, 1860 – S. 416. Homestead Act (To secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain.) Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (28–18).
January 25, 1861 – H.R. 915. For the relief of Hockaday and Leggit. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the House (81–67).

text: Abraham Lincoln[edit]

text: Two regular vetoes, plus five pocket vetoes.[14]

text:
June 23, 1862 – S. 193. To repeal that part of an act of Congress which prohibits the circulation of bank notes of a less denomination than five dollars within the District of Columbia. Regular veto. No override attempt.
July 2, 1862 – S. 343. To provide for additional medical officers of the volunteer service. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (0–37).
March 3, 1863 – S. 424. To amend an act entitled, “An act to establish and good the grades of line officers of the U.S. Navy.” Pocket veto.
July 4, 1864 – H.R. 244. Wade–Davis Bill To guarantee to certain States, whose governments have been usurped or overthrown, a republican form of government. Pocket veto.
July 4, 1864 – H.J. Res. 123. To correct certain clerical errors in the internal revenue act. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1865 – H.R. 805. To repeal the eighth section of an act titled, “An act in addition to the several acts concerning commercial intercourse between loyal and insurrectionary States, and to provide for the collection of captured and abandoned property, and the prevention of frauds in States declared in insurrection.” Pocket veto.
March 3, 1865 – H.J. Res. 161. In relation to certain railroads. Pocket veto.

text: Andrew Johnson[edit]

text: Andrew Johnson was the most thwarted president as measured by the number of overrides: out of 21 regular vetoes, 15 were overridden; he also used 8 pocket vetoes.[15] By fraction overridden, however, he comes in second: Pierce had a rate of 56%, compared to Johnson's 52%.

text:
February 19, 1866 – S. 60. To establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (30–18).
March 27, 1866 – S. 61. Civil Rights Act of 1866 (To protect all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and furnish the means of their vindication.) Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (33–15) and the House (122–41).
May 15, 1866 – S. 74. For the admission of the State of Colorado into the Union. Regular veto. No override attempt.
June 15, 1866 – S. 203. To enable the New York and Montana Iron Mining and Manufacturing Company to purchase a certain amount of the public lands not now in market. Regular veto. No override attempt.
July 16, 1866 – H.R. 613. To continue in force and to amend an act entitled “An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,” and for other purposes. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (103–33) and the Senate (33–12).
July 28, 1866 – H.R. 466. Erecting the Territory of Montana into a surveying district. Regular veto. No override attempt.
July 28, 1866 – S. 447. For the admission of the State of Nebraska into the Union. Pocket veto.
July 28, 1866 – H.J. Res. 191. Relating to the building lately occupied for a national fair in aid of the orphans of soldiers and sailors of the United States. Pocket veto.
January 5, 1867 – S. 1. To regulate the elective franchise in the District of Columbia. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (29–10) and the House (112–38).
January 28, 1867 – S. 462. For the admission of the State of Colorado into the Union. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (29–19).
January 29, 1867 – S. 456. For the admission of the State of Nebraska into the Union. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (31–9) and the House (120–44).
March 2, 1867 – S. 453. Tenure of Office Act (1867) (Regulating the tenure of certain civil offices.) Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (35–11) and the House (138–40).
March 2, 1867 – H.R. 1143. To provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (138–51) and the Senate (38–10).
March 23, 1867 – H.R. 33. Supplementary to an act entitled, “An act to provide for more efficient government of the rebel States.” Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (114–25) and the Senate (40–7).
March 30, 1867 – H.J. Res. 6. Placing certain troops of Missouri on an equal footing with volunteers as to bounties. Pocket veto.
July 19, 1867 – H.R. 123. Supplementary to an act entitled, “An act to provide for more efficient government of the rebel States.” Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (109–25) and the Senate (30–6).
July 19, 1867 – H.J. Res. 71. To carry into effect the several acts providing for the more efficient government of the rebel States. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (99–22) and the Senate (32–4).
July 20, 1867 – S. 137. For the further security of equal rights in the District of Columbia. Pocket veto.
December 20, 1867 – S. 141. For the further security of equal rights in the District of Columbia. Pocket veto.
December 20, 1867 – H.R. 161. To incorporate the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church of Washington. Pocket veto.
March 25, 1868 – S. 213. To amend an act entitled, “An Act to amend the judiciary act: passed, September 24, 1789.” Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (33–9) and the House (115–34).
June 20, 1868 – H.R. 1039. To admit the State of Arkansas to representation in Congress. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (111–31) and the Senate (30–7).
June 25, 1868 – H.R. 1058. To admit the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, to representation in Congress. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the House (108–32) and the Senate (35–8).
July 20, 1868 – S.J. Res. 169. Excluding from the electoral college the votes of States lately in rebellion which shall not have been reorganized. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (45–8) and the House (134–36).
July 25, 1868 – S. 567. Relating to the Freedman’s Bureau and providing for its discontinuance. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (42–5) and the House (115–23).
July 27, 1868 – S. 207. For funding the national debt, and for the conversion of the notes of the United States. Pocket veto.
July 27, 1868 – S. 491. To provide for the appointment of recorder of deeds in the District of Columbia. Pocket veto.
February 13, 1869 – S. 609. Transferring the duties of trustees of colored schools of Washington and Georgetown. No override attempt.
February 22, 1869 – H.R. 1460. Regulating the duties on imported copper and copper ores. Veto overridden by the House (115–56) and the Senate (38–12).

text: Ulysses S. Grant[edit]

text: This section is incomplete. (December 2012)

text: Ninety-three vetoes total, with forty-five regular vetoes and forty-eight pocket vetoes. Four were overridden.[16]

text:
April 10, 1869 – H.J. Res. 29. For the relief of Blanton Duncan. Pocket veto.
January 11, 1870 – S. 273. For the relief of Rollin White. Regular veto. Override attempt passed in the Senate (41–13), but failed in the House (12–168).
July 14, 1870 – S. 476. To fix the status of certain Federal soldiers enlisting in the Union Army from the States of Alabama and Florida. Regular veto. No override attempt.
January 4, 1871 – H.R. 1395. For the relief of Charles Cooper, Goshorn A. Jones, Jerome Rowley, William Hannegan and John Hannegan. Regular veto. No override attempt.
February 7, 1871 – S.J. Res. 92. For the relief of certain contractor for the construction of vessels of war and steam machinery. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (2–57).
February 28, 1871 – H.R. 2566. For the relief of Henry Willman, late a private in the Third Regiment Indian Cavalry. Regular veto. No override attempt.
March 3, 1871 – S. 109. In relation to the Selma, Rome, and Dalton Railroad Company, Alabama. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – S. 493. For the relief of George Wright. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – S. 762. For the relief of Joseph Ormsby. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – S. 799. For the relief of Anna M. Howard. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – S. 995. For the relief of purchasers of lands sold for taxes in the insurrectionary States. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – S. 1213. For the relief of Mary M. Clark, widow of Leonard Clark, deceased. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – S.J. Res. 295. Relating to rights of actual settlers upon certain lands in Iowa. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – H.R. 1831. To confirm the title of the Rancho del Rio Grande, in New Mexico, to the heirs and legal representatives of the original grantees thereof. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – H.R. 2234. Granting a pension to Adam Correll. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1871 – H.R. 2591. Relating to telegraphic communication between the United States and foreign countries. Pocket veto.
April 20, 1871 – S. 294. For the relief of the inhabitants of the town of Arcata, in Humboldt County, California. Pocket veto.
March 28, 1872 – H.R. 1550. For the relief of the estate of Dr. John F. Hanks. Regular veto. Override attempt passed in the House (126–17) but died in the Senate.
April 1, 1872 – H.R. 1867. For the relief of James T. Johnson. Regular veto. No override attempt.
April 10, 1872 – H.R. 2041. For the relief of the children of John M. Baker, deceased. Regular veto. No override attempt.
April 15, 1872 – S. 805. Granting a pension to Abigail Ryan, widow of Thomas A. Ryan. Regular veto. No override attempt.
April 22, 1872 – H.R. 622. Granting a pension to Richard B. Crawford. Regular veto. No override attempt.
May 14, 1872 – S. 955. Granting a pension to Mary Ann Montgomery, widow of William W. Montgomery, late captain in the Texas volunteers. Regular veto. Veto overridden by the Senate (44–1) and the House (101–44).
June 1, 1872 – S. 105. For the relief of Dr. J. Milton Best. Regular veto. No override attempt.
June 7, 1872 – S. 569. For the relief of Thomas B. Wallace, of Lexington, in the State of Missouri. Regular veto. No override attempt.
June 10, 1872 – H.R. 1424. To reimburse John E. Woodward for certain moneys paid by him. Pocket veto.
June 10, 1872 – H.R. 2622. For the relief of James De Long, late consul at Aux Cayes, Hayti. Pocket veto.
January 6, 1873 – H.R. 2291. For the relief of Edmund Jessen. Regular veto. No override attempt.
January 22, 1873 – H.R. 630. In relation to new trials in the Court of Claims. Regular veto. No override attempt.
January 29, 1873 – S. 490. For the relief of the East Tennessee University. Regular veto. No override attempt.
February 8, 1873 – H.R. 2852. For the relief of James A. McCullah, late collector of the fifth district of Missouri. Regular veto. No override attempt.
February 11, 1873 – S. 161. For the relief of those suffering from the destruction of saltworks near Manchester, Kentucky, pursuant to the order of Major-General Buell. Regular veto. No override attempt.
March 3, 1873 – S. 96. For the relief of Cowan and Dickinson, of Knoxville, Tennessee. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – S. 166. For the relief of David Braden. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – S. 245. Amendatory of an act for the construction of a bridge across the Arkansas River, at Little Rock, Arkansas. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – S. 809. To establish an assay-office at Helena, in the Territory of Montana. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – S. 1109. For the relief of Edward Berry, John McFall, and William H. Judd. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – S. 1168. To amend an act entitled, “An act to remove the charge of desertion from certain soldiers of the Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry.” Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – S. 1480. For the relief of W.W. Elliott. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 1868. For the relief of Elias C. Boudinot. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 2264. To authorize the Cattaraugus and Allegany Indians in New York to lease lands and confirm leases. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 2803. For the relief of Samuel J. Potter. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 2902. For the relief of the estates of Abel Gilbert and William Gerrish, late copartners in business under the style of Gilbert and Gerrish. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 3369. For the relief of George S. Gustin, late a private of Company D, Seventy-Fourth Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 3484. Granting a pension to Asenath Stephenson. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 3731. To confirm certain land titles in the State of Missouri. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 3857. For the relief of J. George Harris. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1873 – H.R. 3878. For the relief of Mrs. Louisa Eldis. Pocket veto.
April 10, 1874 – H.R. 1224. For the relief of William H. Denniston, late an acting lieutenant, Seventieth New York volunteers. Regular veto. No override attempt.
April 22, 1874 – S. 617. To fix the amount of United States notes and the circulation of national banks. Regular veto. Override attempt failed in the Senate (34–30).
May 12, 1874 – H.R. 1331 For the relief of Joab Spencer and James R. Mead, for supplies furnished for the Kansas tribe of Indians. Regular veto. No override attempt.
June 23, 1874 – H.R. 921. To prevent the useless slaughter of buffaloes within the territories of the United States. Pocket veto.
June 23, 1874 – H.R. 1313. For the relief of Alexander Burtch. Pocket veto.
January 30, 1875 – H.R. 4462. For the relief of Alexander Burtch. Regular veto. No override attempt.
February 12, 1875 – H.R. 2352. Granting a pension to Lewis Hinley. Regular veto. No override attempt.
March 3, 1875 – S. 271. For the relief of Frances A. Robinson, administratrix of the estate of John M. Robinson, deceased. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – S. 878. For the relief of Rosa Vertner Jeffreys. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – S. 909. Approving an act of the legislative assembly of Colorado Territory. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – S. 935. To provide for writs of error in certain criminal cases, for hearings therein, and in cases of habeas corpus. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – S. 951. For the relief of John Montgomery and Thomas E. Williams. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – H.R. 3170. For the relief of John W. Marsh. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – H.R. 3341. To equalize the bounties of soldiers who served in the war for the Union. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – H.R. 4669. To provide for the selection of grand a petit jurors in the District of Columbia. Pocket veto.
March 3, 1875 – H.J. Res. 51. In relation to civil service examinations. Pocket veto.

text: Rutherford B. Hayes[edit]

text: Thirteen vetoes. Twelve regular. One pocket veto. One veto overridden

text: James Garfield[edit]

text: No vetoes. Garfield was the most recent President to have made no use of the veto power. He was only President, however, for six and a half months.

text: Chester Arthur[edit]

text: President Arthur vetoed twelve bills, of which four were regular vetoes and eight were pocket vetoes. One was overridden.

text:
To execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese. Vetoed April 4, 1882. Regular Veto.
To regulate the carriage of passengers by sea. Vetoed July 1, 1882. Regular veto.
Making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain works on rivers and harbors. Vetoed August 1, 1882. Senate Override August 2, 1882. Regular veto.
To provide for the relief of Fitz John Porter. Vetoed July 2, 1884. Regular veto.
To confirm the status of John N. Quackenbush as a commander in the United States Navy. Vetoed July 7, 1884. Pocket veto.
To provide for the relief of Joseph F. Wilson. Vetoed July 7, 1884. Pocket veto.
To confirm the title of Benjamin F. Pope to his office of assistant surgeon, in the United States Army. Vetoed July 7, 1884. Pocket veto.
To provide for the relief of George P. Webster. Vetoed July 7, 1884. Pocket veto.
To provide for the relief of Brevet Major General William W. Averell, United States Army. Vetoed July 7, 1884. Pocket veto.
Authorizing the appointment and retirement of Samuel Kramer as a chaplain in the Navy of the United States. Vetoed July 7, 1884. Pocket veto.
To provide for the retirement of Colonel Wenry J. Hunt as a major general of the United States Army. Vetoed March 3, 1885. Pocket Veto.
Relating to a claim made by Doctor John B. Read against the United States. Vetoed March 3, 1885. Pocket veto.[17]

text: Grover Cleveland[edit]

text: 584 total vetoes, including 238 pocket vetoes (414 first term, 170 second term).

text: Grover Cleveland vetoed more bills in his two terms than all other presidents to that date combined. Only Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had more than three complete terms in office to Cleveland's two, vetoed more. Strongly opposed to what he perceived as "pork barrel" spending, and favoring limited government, he vetoed more than 200 private bills granting pensions to individual Civil War veterans. Reacting to these vetoes, Congress passed a bill that would have granted a pension to any disabled veteran. He vetoed this bill as well. This is widely perceived to have been a factor in the defeat of his 1888 bid for re-election.

text: In addition to these, he also vetoed a bill that would have distributed seed grain to drought-stricken farmers in the American west, and bills increasing the monetary supply. He also refused to sign, but did not veto, the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act.

text: Benjamin Harrison[edit]

text: William McKinley[edit]

text: Theodore Roosevelt[edit]

text: William Taft[edit]

text: Woodrow Wilson[edit]

text: Thirty-three regular vetoes, eleven pocket vetoes. Six were overridden.[18]

text: Wilson wrote: "The President is no greater than his prerogative of veto makes him; he is, in other words, powerful rather as a branch of the legislature than as the titular head of the Executive."[19]

text: Warren Harding[edit]

text: Main article: Warren Harding

text: Harding vetoed the Soldiers' Adjusted Compensation Act (soldiers' bonus) on 19 September 1922, arguing the country could not afford the cost during the postwar recession. Congress failed, by four votes, to override his veto.

text: Calvin Coolidge[edit]

text: Coolidge vetoed the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill because he thought its cost was too high.

text: Herbert Hoover[edit]

text: May 11, 1932 – Vetoed a bill to amend the Tariff Act of 1930 and for other purposes. The House of Representatives sustained the veto.

text: Franklin Roosevelt[edit]

text: 635 vetoes.

text: Franklin Roosevelt vetoed more bills than any other president in history. This is partly because of the many new ideas for solutions to the problems caused by the Great Depression and World War II, and partly because he served three terms (he was elected to four). Grover Cleveland vetoed more bills per term.

text: Harry Truman[edit]

text: 180 regular vetoes, 70 pocket vetoes.

text: Congress overrode 12 of Truman's vetoes. One of the most notable was the Taft-Hartley Act, which weakened labor unions. Another was the McCarran Internal Security Act, which established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate suspected communist and/or fascist sympathizers.

text: Dwight Eisenhower[edit]

text: John Kennedy[edit]

text: Lyndon Johnson[edit]

text: Sixteen regular vetoes, fourteen pocket vetoes. None were overridden.[20]

text: Like President Kennedy before him, President Johnson made no public veto threats.[21] His is the most recent example of an override-free administration.

text:
December 30, 1963: Pocket vetoed H.R. 2513, A bill to amend the Tariff Act of 1930. The bill was presented to the President on December 19, 1963.
December 30, 1963: Pocket vetoed H.R. 4505, A bill to confer jurisdiction on the Court of Claims to entertain, hear, and determine a motion for a new trial on the claim of Robert Alexander. The bill was presented to the President on December 21, 1963.
March 23, 1964: Vetoed H.R. 1761, A bill to confer jurisdiction on the Court of Claims to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claim of R. Gordon Finney, Jr. No override attempt made.
August 6, 1964: Vetoed H.R. 4501, A bill for the relief of Anthony F. Bernardo and Ambrose A. Cerrito. No override attempt made.
August 11, 1964: Vetoed H.R. 2262, A bill for the relief of Catalina Properties, Incorporated. No override attempt made.
August 31, 1964: Pocket vetoed H.R. 6883, A bill for the relief of the estate of Eileen G. Foster. The bill was presented to the President on August 14, 1964. The pocket veto occurred during a recess from August 21, 1964 until August 31, 1964.
September 1, 1964: Vetoed H.R. 7132, A bill for the relief of Wetsel-Oviatt Lumber Co., Inc., Omo Ranch, El Dorado County, California. No override attempt made.
October 3, 1964: Pocket vetoed H.R. 1851, A bill for the relief of Chester A. Brothers and Anna Brothers, his wife.
June 5, 1965: Vetoed S. 327, A bill provide assistance to the States of California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and Idaho for the re-construction of areas damaged by recent floods and high waters. No override attempt made.
June 14, 1965: Vetoed H.R. 1867, A bill for the relief of Daniel Walter Miles. No override attempt made.
June 26, 1965: Vetoed H.R. 2166, A bill for the relief of Staiman Bros.-Simon Wrecking Company. No override attempt made.
August 21, 1965: Vetoed H.R. 8439, A bill to authorize certain construction at military installations, and for other purposes. No override attempt made.
September 10, 1965: Vetoed H.R. 3329, A bill to incorporate the Youth Councils on Civic Affairs, and for other purposes. No override attempt made.
October 4, 1965: Vetoed H.R. 5902, A bill for the relief of Cecil Graham. No override attempt made.
October 20, 1965: Vetoed H.R. 1384, A bill for the relief of Theodore Zissu. No override attempt made.
July 19, 1966: Vetoed H.R. 2035, A bill to provide for cost-of-living adjustments in star route contract prices. No override attempt made.
September 12, 1966: Vetoed H.R. 6926, A bill to strengthen the financial condition of the Employees’ Life Insurance Fund created by the Federal Employees’ Group Life Insurance Act of 1954, to provide certain adjustments in amounts of group life and group accidental death and dismemberment insurance under such Act, and for other purposes. No override attempt made.
October 10, 1966: Vetoed H.R. 7546, A bill for the relief of Gilmour C. MacDonald, colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired). No override attempt made.
October 22, 1966: Pocket vetoed S. 1674, A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to make disposition of geothermal resources, and for other purposes. The bill was presented to the President on November 2, 1966.
October 22, 1966: Pocket vetoed H.R. 3901, A bill for the relief of Miss Elisabeth von Oberndorff. The bill was presented to the President on October 28, 1966.
October 22, 1966: Pocket vetoed H.R. 5688, A bill relating to crime and criminal procedure in the District of Columbia. The bill was presented to the President on October 25, 1966.
October 22, 1966: Pocket vetoed H.R. 13955, A bill to establish the past and present location of a certain portion of the Colorado River for certain purposes. The bill was presented to the President on October 25, 1966.
August 12, 1967: Vetoed H.R. 11089, An act to amend Title 5, United States Code, to provide additional group life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment insurance for Federal employees, and to strengthen the financial condition of the Employees' Life Insurance Fund. No override attempt made.
December 8, 1967: Vetoed H.R. 162, A bill to grant the masters of certain U.S. vessels a lien on those vessels for their wages and for certain disbursements. No override attempt made.
December 15, 1967: Pocket vetoed H.R. 1670, A bill for the relief of Dr. George H. Edler. The bill was presented to the President on December 12, 1967
September 4, 1968, Pocket vetoed H.R. 10915, A bill to amend section 202 of the Agricultural Act of 1956. The bill was presented to the President on July 31, 1968. The pocket veto occurred during a recess from August 2, 1968 until September 4, 1968.
October 14, 1968: Pocket vetoed H.R. 159, A bill to amend Title II of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, to create an independent Federal Maritime Administration, and for other purposes. The bill was presented to the President on October 18, 1968.
October 14, 1968: Pocket vetoed H.R. 4939, A bill for the relief of Joseph H. Bonduki. The bill was presented to the President on October 14, 1968.
October 14, 1968: Pocket vetoed H.R. 5677, A bill for the relief of Robert L. Miller and Mildred M. Miller. The bill was presented to the President on October 12, 1968.
October 14, 1968: Pocket vetoed H.R. 10256, A bill to render the assertion of land claims by the United States based upon accretion or avulsion subject to legal and equitable defense to which private persons asserting such claims would be subject. The bill was presented to the President on October 14, 1968.

text: Richard Nixon[edit]

text: Twenty-six regular vetoes, seventeen pocket vetoes. Seven were overridden. There were no vetoes in the first session of the Ninety-first Congress.

text:
October 17, 1972 – Veto of the Clean Water Act was overridden by Congress[22] (date is enactment date).
November 7, 1973 – Veto of the War Powers Act of 1973 was overridden in Congress (date is enactment date).
January 4, 1974 – Pocket vetoed a bill to provide federal funds for local purchases of buses for mass transportation.
March 6, 1974 – Vetoed an emergency energy bill

text: Gerald Ford[edit]

text: Forty eight regular vetoes, eighteen pocket vetoes. Twelve were overridden.

text: October 29, 1974 – Veto of H.R. 6624 Private Relief Bill for Burt, Pope and Kennedy (Miami Herald Reporters)

text:
This bill would have provided for payment, "as a gratuity," of $45,482 to Mr. Burt and for similar payments of $36,750 each to the widow and son of Douglas E. Kennedy for injuries and other damages Mr. Burt and Mr. Kennedy sustained as a result of gunshot wounds inflicted by U.S. military personnel in the Dominican Republic in 1965.
I considered carefully the merits of this case, but could not approve it. Equitable considerations growing out of governmental actions have traditionally been the basis for private relief awards where no legal remedy is available. But the record clearly establishes that no such considerations are present in this case.
I urge that in the future Congress adhere to the traditional equity basis for awards, whether or not they have been recommended by the Court of Claims under Congressional reference procedures.[23][24]

text: Jimmy Carter[edit]

text:
1977: Vetoed Department of Energy authorization bill.
1978: Vetoed bill to reduce federal firefighters' work week.

text: Congress overrode two of Carter's vetoes. Not since 1952 had a Congress controlled by the president's own party overridden a veto. On 5 June 1980, Carter vetoed a bill that repealed a crude oil import fee of $4.62 per barrel. The same day, the House voted 335–34 to override Carter's veto. The Senate followed suit the next day by 68 votes to 10. Carter's own party (the Democrats) had a 59-seat majority (276–157) in the House, and an eight-seat majority (58–41) in the Senate. In August 1980, Congress overrode his veto of a veterans' health care bill, by votes of 401–5 in the House, and 85–0 in the Senate.

text: Ronald Reagan[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)

text:
November 23, 1981: Vetoed H.J.Res. 357, Continuing Appropriations for fiscal year 1982. No override attempt made.
December 30, 1981: Pocket vetoed H.R. 4353, To amend the Federal Bankruptcies Act of 1978.[25]
March 20, 1982: Vetoed S. 1503, Standby Petroleum Allocation Act of 1982. Override attempt failed in Senate, 58–36 (63 needed).
June 1, 1982: Vetoed H.R. 5118, Southern Arizona Water Rights Settlement Act of 1982. No override attempt made.
June 24, 1982: Vetoed H.R. 5922, Urgent Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1982. Override attempt failed in House, 253–151 (270 needed).
June 25, 1982: Vetoed H.R. 6682, Urgent Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1982. Override attempt failed in House, 242–169 (274 needed).
July 8, 1982: Vetoed H.R. 6198, A bill to amend the manufacturing clause of the copyright law. Overridden by House, 324–86 (274 needed). Overridden by Senate, 84–9 (62 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 97–215 over the President's veto.
August 28, 1982: Vetoed H.R. 6863, Supplemental Appopriations Act, 1982. Overridden by House, 301–117 (279 needed). Overridden by Senate, 60–30 (60 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 97–257 over the President's veto.
October 15, 1982: Vetoed H.R. 1371, A bill to amend section 12 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978. No override attempt made.
October 22, 1982: Vetoed S. 2577, Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1983. No override attempt made.
January 3, 1983: Pocket vetoed S. 2623, A bill to amend and extend the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act of 1978, and for other purposes.[26]
January 4, 1983: Pocket vetoed H.R. 5858, A bill for the relief of Mocatta & Goldsmid, Ltd., Sharps, Pixley & Co., Ltd., and Primary Metal and Mineral Corp (private bill).[26]
January 14, 1983: Pocket vetoed H.R. 3963, A bill to amend the Contract Services for Drug Dependent Federal Offenders Act of 1978.[26]
January 14, 1983: Pocket vetoed H.R. 9, Florida Wilderness Act of 1982.[26]
January 14, 1983: Pocket vetoed H.R. 7336, A bill to make certain technical amendments to improve implementation of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981.[26]
September 26, 1986: Vetoed, H.R. 4868, Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act. Overridden by House, 292–133 (284 needed). Overridden by Senate, 73–24 (65 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 99–440 over the President's veto.
March 16, 1988: Vetoed S. 557, Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. Overridden by House, 313–83 (264 needed). Overridden by Senate, 78–21 (66 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 100–259 over the President's veto.

text: George H. W. Bush[edit]

text:
June 13, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 2, Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1989. Override attempt failed in House, 247–178 (284 needed).
July 31, 1989: Vetoed S.J.Res. 113, Prohibiting the export of technology, defense articles, and defense services to codevelop or coproduce the FS-X aircraft with Japan. Override attempt failed in Senate, 66–34 (67 needed).

August 16, 1989: Disputed pocket veto of H.J.Res. 390, Waiving certain enrollment requirements with respect to the bill H.R. 1278.[4]

October 21, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 2990, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990. Override attempt failed in House, 231–191 (282 needed).
October 27, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 3026, District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1990. No override attempt made.
November 19, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 2939, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990. No override attempt made.
November 20, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 3610, District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1990. No override attempt made.
November 21, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 1231, To establish a commission to investigate and report respecting the dispute between Eastern Airlines and its collective bargaining units, and for other purposes. Override attempt failed in House, 261–160 (281 needed).
November 21, 1989: Vetoed H.R. 1487, Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991. No override attempt made.
November 30, 1989: Vetoed (or in the alternative pocket vetoed) H.R. 2712, Emergency Chinese Immigration Relief Act of 1989. Overridden by House, 390–25 (277 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 62–37 (66 needed).[5]
May 24, 1990: Vetoed H.R. 2364, Amtrak Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 1990. Overridden by House, 294–123 (278 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 64–36 (67 needed).
June 15, 1990: Vetoed H.R. 20, Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1990. Overridden by House, 327–93 (280 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 65–35 (67 needed).
June 29, 1990: Vetoed H.R. 770, Family and Medical Leave Act of 1990. Override attempt failed in House, 232–195 (285 needed).
October 5, 1990: Vetoed H.R. 4328, Textile, Apparel, and Footwear Trade Act of 1990. Override attempt failed in House, 275–152 (285 needed).
October 6, 1990: Vetoed H.J.Res. 660, Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1991, and for other purposes. Override attempt failed in House, 260–138 (266 needed).
October 22, 1990: Vetoed S. 2104, Civil Rights Act of 1990. Override attempt failed in Senate, 66–34 (67 needed).
November 10, 1990: Pocket vetoed H.R. 4638, Orphan Drug Amendments of 1990.[27]
November 17, 1990: Pocket vetoed H.R. 3134, For the relief of Mrs. Joan R. Daronco (private bill).[27]
November 17, 1990: Pocket vetoed H.R. 4653, Omnibus Export Amendments Act of 1990.[27]
November 21, 1990: Pocket vetoed S. 321, To revise provisions of law that provide a preference to Indians.[27]
November 30, 1990: Pocket vetoed S. 2834, Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1991.[27]
August 17, 1991: Vetoed H.R. 2699, Making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia and other activities chargeable in whole or in part against the revenues of said District for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992, and for other purposes. No override attempt made.
October 11, 1991: Vetoed S. 1722, Emergency Unemployment Compensation Act of 1991. Override attempt failed in Senate, 65–35 (67 needed).
November 19, 1991: Vetoed H.R. 2707, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992. Override attempt failed in House, 276–156 (288 needed).

December 20, 1991: Disputed pocket veto of S. 1176, Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Act.[4]

March 2, 1992: Vetoed H.R. 2212, United States–China Act of 1991. Overridden by House, 357–61 (279 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 60–38 (66 needed).
March 20, 1992: Vetoed H.R. 4210, Tax Fairness and Economic Growth Acceleration Act of 1992. Override attempt failed in House, 211–215 (284 needed).
May 9, 1992: Vetoed S. 3, Congressional Campaign Spending Limit and Election Reform Act of 1992. Override attempt failed in Senate, 57–42 (66 needed).
June 16, 1992: Vetoed S. 2342, To amend the Act entitled "An Act to provide for the disposition of funds appropriated to pay judgment in favor of the Mississippi Sioux Indians in Indian Claims Commission dockets numbered 142, 359, 360, 361, 362, and 363, and for other purposes", approved October 25, 1972 (86 Stat. 1168 et seq.). No override attempt made.
June 23, 1992: Vetoed H.R. 2507, National Institutes of Health Revitalization Amendments of 1992. Override attempt failed in House, 271–156 (285 needed).
July 2, 1992: Vetoed S. 250, National Voter Registration Act of 1992. Override attempt failed in Senate, 62–38 (67 needed).
September 22, 1992: Vetoed S. 5, Family and Medical Leave Act of 1992. Overridden by Senate, 68–31 (66 needed). Override attempt failed in House, 258–169 (285 needed).
September 25, 1992: Vetoed S. 323, Family Planning Amendments Act of 1992. Overridden by Senate, 73–26 (66). Override attempt failed in House, 266–148 (276 needed).
September 28, 1992: Vetoed H.R. 5318, United States-China Act of 1992. Overridden by House, 345–74 (280 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 59–40 (66 needed).
September 30, 1992: Vetoed H.R. 5517, District of Columbia Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act, 1992. No override attempt made.
October 3, 1992: Vetoed S. 12, Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992. Overridden by Senate, 74–25 (66 needed). Overridden by House, 308–114 (282), and enacted as Pub.L. 102–385 over the President's veto.
October 21, 1992: Pocket vetoed S. 3095, Jena Band of Choctaws of Louisiana Restoration Act.[28]
October 27, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 2859, To direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of the historical and cultural resources in the vicinity of the city of Lynn, Massachusetts, and make recommendations on the appropriate role of the Federal Government in preserving and interpreting such historical and cultural resources.[28]
October 27, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 5021, New River Wild and Scenic Study Act of 1992.[28]
October 27, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 5061, To establish Dry Tortugas National Park in the State of Florida.[28]
October 27, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 5452, Granting the consent of the Congress to a supplemental compact or agreement between the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey concerning the Delaware River Port Authority.[28]
October 28, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 2109, To direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of the feasibility of including Revere Beach, located in the city of Revere, Massachusetts, in the National Park System.[28]
October 30, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 6185, Federal Courts Administration Act of 1992.[28]
October 31, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 6138, To amend the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act.[28]
October 31, 1992: Pocket vetoed S. 3144, Military Health Care Initiatives Act of 1992.[28]
November 5, 1992: Pocket vetoed H.R. 11, Revenue Act of 1992.[28]

text: Bill Clinton[edit]

text:
June 7, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 1158, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Additional Disaster Assistance and Recissions for Fiscal Year 1995. No override attempt made.
August 11, 1995: Vetoed S. 21, Bosnia and Herzegovina Self-Defense Act of 1995. No override attempt made.
October 3, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 1854, Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, FY 1996. No override attempt made.
November 13, 1995: Vetoed H.J.Res. 115, Second Continuing Resolution for fiscal year 1996. No override attempt made.
November 13, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 2586, Temporary Increase in the Statutory Debt Limit. No override attempt made.
December 6, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 2491, Seven-Year Balanced Budget Reconciliation Act of 1995. No override attempted.
December 18, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 1977, Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996. Override attempt failed in House, 239–177 (278 needed).
December 18, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 2099, Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996. No override attempted.
December 19, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 1058, Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Overridden by House, 319–100 (280 needed). Overridden by Senate, 68–30 (66 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 104–67 over veto.
December 19, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 2076, Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996. Override attempt failed in House, 240–159 (266 needed).
December 28, 1995: Vetoed H.R. 1530, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996. Override attempt failed in House, 240–156 (264 needed).
January 9, 1996: Vetoed H.R. 4, Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1995. No override attempt made.
April 10, 1996: Vetoed H.R. 1833, banning partial birth abortions. Overridden in House, 285–137 (282 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 58–40 (66 needed).
April 12, 1996: Vetoed H.R. 1561, Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1996 and 1997. Override attempt failed in House, 234–188 (282 needed).
May 2, 1996: Vetoed H.R. 956, Common Sense Product Liability Legal Reform Act of 1996. Override attempt failed in House, 258–163 (281 needed).
July 30, 1996: Vetoed H.R. 743, Teamwork for Employees and Managers Act of 1995. No override attempt made.
October 2, 1996: Vetoed H.R. 2909, Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Eminent Domain Prevention Act. No override attempt made.
June 9, 1997: Vetoed H.R. 1469, Supplemental Appropriations and Recissions Act, FY 1997. No override attempt made.
October 10, 1997: Vetoed H.R. 1122, the second attempted partial birth abortion ban. Overridden by House, 296–132 (286 needed). Override attempt failed in Senate, 64–36 (67 needed).
November 13, 1997: Vetoed H.R. 2631, a line item veto override bill.[29] Overridden by House, 347–69 (278 needed). Overridden by Senate, 78–20 (66 required), and enacted as Pub.L. 105–159 over the President's veto.
May 20, 1998: Vetoed S. 1502, District of Columbia Student Opportunity Scholarship Act of 1997. No override attempt made.
June 23, 1998: Vetoed H.R. 2709, Iran Missile Proliferation Sanctions Act of 1998. No override attempt made.
July 21, 1998: Vetoed H.R. 2646, Education Savings and School Excellence Act of 1998. No override attempt made.
October 7, 1998: Vetoed H.R. 4101, Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999. No override attempt made.
October 21, 1998: Vetoed H.R. 1757, Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998. No override attempt made.
September 23, 1999: Vetoed H.R. 2488, Taxpayer Refund and Relief Act of 1999. No override attempt made.
September 28, 1999: Vetoed H.R. 2587, District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2000. No override attempt made.
October 18, 1999: Vetoed H.R. 2606, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000. No override attempt made.
October 25, 1999: Vetoed H.R. 2670, Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000. No override attempt made.
November 3, 1999: Vetoed H.R. 3064, FY 2000 District of Columbia and Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. No override attempt made.
April 25, 2000: Vetoed S. 1287, Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2000. Override attempt failed in Senate, 64–35 (66 needed).
August 5, 2000: Vetoed H.R. 4810, Marriage Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2000. Override attempt failed in House, 270–158 (286 needed).
August 31, 2000: Vetoed H.R. 8, Death Tax Elimination Act of 2000. Override attempt failed in House, 274–157 (288 needed).
October 7, 2000: Vetoed H.R. 4733, Energy and Water Appropriations Act, 2001. Overridden by House, 315–98 on October 11 (276 needed). No attempt made in Senate.
October 30, 2000: Vetoed H.R. 4516, Legislative Branch and the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2001. No override attempt made.
November 4, 2000: Vetoed H.R. 4392, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001. No override attempt made.
December 19, 2000: Pocket vetoed H.R. 2415, Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2000.[30]

text: George W. Bush[edit]

text: Twelve vetoes, including one veto whose status is disputed (Bush claimed it was a pocket veto; the Senate considers it to have been a regular veto):

text:
July 19, 2006: Vetoed H.R. 810, Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005, a bill to ease restrictions on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. Override attempt failed in House, 235–193 (286 needed).
May 1, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 1591, U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. Override attempt failed in House, 222–203 (284 needed). A later version of the bill that excluded certain aspects of the initial legislation that the President disapproved of H.R. 2206, was enacted as Pub.L. 110–28 with the President's approval.
June 20, 2007: Vetoed S. 5, Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007. No override attempt made.
October 3, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 976, Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 ("SCHIP"). Override attempt failed in House, 273–156 (286 votes needed).
November 2, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 1495, Water Resources Development Act of 2007. Overridden by House, 361–54 (277 votes needed). Overridden by Senate, 79–14 (62 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 110–114 over the President's veto.
November 13, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 3043, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008. Override attempt failed in House, 277–141 (279 votes needed).
December 12, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 3963, Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007.[31] Override attempt failed in House, 260–152 (275 votes needed).
December 28, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 1585, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008.[32] No override attempt made. A later version of the bill that changed a minor provision of which the President disapproved was quickly passed by Congress (H.R. 4986) and was enacted with the President's approval as Pub.L. 110–181 on 28 January 2008.[note 1]
March 8, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 2082, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008.[33][34] Override attempt failed in House, 225–188 (276 votes needed).
May 21, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 2419, 2007 U.S. Farm Bill.[35][36] Overridden by House, 316–108 (283 votes needed). Overridden by Senate, 82–13 (64 votes needed). Enacted as Pub.L. 110-234 over the President's veto. Due to a clerical error, this act was repealed by Pub.L. 110-246.
June 18, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 6124, 2007 U.S. Farm Bill, re-passed by Congress to correct a clerical error in HR 2419.[37] Overridden by House, 317–109 (284 votes required). Overridden by Senate, 80–14 (63 votes needed). Enacted as Pub.L. 110–246 over the President's veto.
July 15, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 6331, Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008.[38] Overridden by House, 383–41 (283 votes required.) Overridden by Senate, 70–26 (64 votes required). Enacted as Pub.L. 110–275 over the President's veto.

text: Barack Obama[edit]

text: Twelve vetoes, the status of five of which is disputed (Obama considered them pocket vetoes, but since he returned the parchments to Congress, the Senate considers them regular vetoes):[39]

text:
December 30, 2009: Vetoed H.J.Res. 64, a joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2010, and for other purposes. Override attempt failed in House, 143–245, 1 present (260 needed).[40][note 2]
October 7, 2010: Vetoed H.R. 3808, the Interstate Recognition of Notarizations Act of 2010. Override attempt failed in House, 185–235 (280 needed).[41][note 2]
February 24, 2015: Vetoed S. 1, the Keystone XL Pipeline Approval Act.[42] Override attempt failed in Senate, 62–36 (66 needed).
March 31, 2015: Vetoed S.J.Res. 8, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to representation case procedures.[43][note 2][note 3] The Senate voted to table the veto message rather than vote on an override of the veto. Tabled 96–3.
October 22, 2015: Vetoed H.R. 1735, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016.[44]
December 19, 2015: Vetoed S.J.Res. 23, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New, Modified, and Reconstructed Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units".[45][note 2]
December 19, 2015: Vetoed S.J.Res. 24, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Carbon Pollution Emission Guidelines for Existing Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units".[45][note 2]
January 8, 2016: Vetoed H.R. 3762, the Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act of 2015.[46] Override attempt failed in House, 241–186 (285 votes needed).
January 19, 2016: Vetoed S.J.Res. 22, a joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the definition of “waters of the United States” under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act[47]
June 8, 2016: Vetoed H.J.Res. 88, a joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to the definition of the term "Fiduciary".[48]
July 22, 2016: Vetoed H.R. 1777, Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2016.[49]
September 23, 2016: Vetoed S. 2040, Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act.[50] Overridden by Senate, 97–1 (66 votes needed).[51] Overridden by House, 348–77, 1 present (284 votes needed).[52] Enacted as Pub.L. 114–222 over the President's veto.

text: Donald Trump[edit]

text: As of October 2, 2017, President Trump has not vetoed any legislation presented to him by the Congress.[53]


document_title: Lost in the Barrens

question_text: where does lost in the barrens take place

root

text: Lost in the Barrens

text: Plot introduction[edit]

text: Lost in the Barrens is an adventure story that takes place in northern Manitoba and southwestern North West Territories in 1935. It tells a coming of age tale of two boys in their late teens, one a white boy who has recently lost his parents, the other a Cree boy from a tribe living nearby. The boys embark on a mission to relieve the starvation of a neighbouring village, occupied by the Chipewyans, but due to a series of unfortunate events become trapped above the tree line in Canada's northern Barren Lands during winter. The characters emerge again in Mowat's The Curse of the Viking Grave.

tag: p

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: The parents of Jamie die in a car accident in Toronto in the year 1931, and four years later he is under the care of his trapper uncle, Angus Macnair, who lives in Manitoba. Angus has supported Jamie's boarding-school fees for a long time, until the fur trade begins to decline. Angus no longer supports Jamie's school, which is called Saint George's. Thus, Jamie leaves the boarding school to live with his uncle. Jamie makes friends with the Cree Tribe's Chief's son, Awasin. The Chief thinks a trader is cheating him, so he asks Angus and Jamie to go with him. It is eventually decided that Jamie has to stay in camp with Awasin because Angus' canoe could not hold three people and gear. Soon after, a group of Chipewyans come to the Crees for help. The Chipewyans had been starving for days because they hadn't been able to shoot enough deer the summer before. Awasin's mother is suspicious that the Chipewyans may just be looking for a free handout, and so the boys agree to go with them back to the Chipewyan's camp to prove they need the supplies. Jamie wants to go, too, so the two and the Chipewyans who came (including Denikazi, their leader) canoe back to the Chipewyan camp. There, Denikazi has a misunderstanding that Jamie and Awasin are going with them on the hunt for the deer. This is how Jamie and Awasin start their journey for the deer hunt out in the barrens. Soon, they go up to the North farther, but they do not find any 'deer' (in the book, deer means barrenland caribou), so Denikazi orders Jamie and Awasin to stay with two young Chipewyans at a certain point until they come back. He includes that they should run, and forget about the camp if they encounter Eskimos.

text: In this book, the Chipewyans and the Crees are deathly afraid of the Eskimos, who live in what some people have called "nothing but a God-forsaken place, the worst place on earth". Denikazi describes it this way: His people went and hunted as far north as they wanted to for deer, for they had guns and the Eskimos did not. Then, the Eskimos got guns and fought back. (Nowadays Eskimos are called 'Inuit' or 'Thule', but this was not the case when Mowat wrote his novel, or for decades afterward). Anyway, while staying with the two young Chipewyan hunters, Jamie decides he wants to take the chance and explore. He convinces Awasin to do it, and later Awasin gives in. They go up to see the 'stone house' that one of the two Chipewyans had told them about. They try to find it but unexpectedly meet a whirlpool and barely survive. Gathering what they can salvage from the river and their broken canoe, they have minimal belongings. Since they cannot use the canoe anymore, they are stranded in the barrens. When the two young Chipewyans found out that Awasin and Jamie were gone, they went on searching for them. Their search is abruptly stopped when they catch a glance of an Eskimo kayak. As for Jamie and Awasin, they decide to go the way that Denikazi and the other hunters went, so they can join with them on the journey back. A problem occurs, for one of Denikazi's men sees what he believes is an Eskimo and they all flee quietly back. They unknowingly pass by Jamie and Awasin's camp during the night.

text: Jamie and Awasin are then forced to overcome a series of obstacles including finding shelter and food and to wait until the summer when they can make the trek back to their home camp with the best chance of survival. They engage in a massive caribou hunt, and are able to build a log cabin and make a comfortable home for themselves. On their attempted return trip, they both become afflicted by snow blindness and are forced to build an igloo to survive. They are discovered by an Eskimo boy named Peetyuk who offers to help and takes them to his camp, where they learn that the Eskimo do not hate the Cree, and are only hostile because they are as afraid of the Cree as the Cree are of them. The boys are able to return home with the help of their new friends, and they make plans to return to their cabin the next summer with Jamie's uncle Angus.

text: Themes[edit]

text: Man vs. Nature: The true antagonist of this novel is Nature itself. The boys struggle to survive in a very harsh, difficult environment. The boys demonstrate true courage in hunting and even surviving an encounter with a grizzly bear. They also show great ingenuity in doing so. Awasin already has skill in hunting and fishing and also learns how to make warm clothes. He is very clever as proven by how he is able to make a fire in chapter 9. Meanwhile, Jamie is a very creative person. He is the one who designs and builds first their stone igloo and later their wood cabin. He is a 'think-outside-of-the-box' problem solver. Working together they are successful. This brings us to the next big theme:

text: Intercultural Friendships: How do you overcome fear, ignorance and distrust between people from different cultures and backgrounds? You work together and learn to trust one another. That's how it is for Jamie and Awasin and then later between the two boys and Peetyuk. Jamie is a white English speaking city boy from Toronto. Awasin is from the Cree camp in the wilderness. He learns English while at boarding school. The two very different boys become excellent friends. Jamie helps Awasin to trust Peetyuk, even though the Cree have always been suspicious, fearful of them.

text: Coming of age: The novel is also a 'Coming of Age' story. The two boys journey in the barrenlands is also their journey from boyhood towards manhood. They are becoming men through their adventures and experiences, they are growing up. For example, risk-taker Jamie learns some lessons about survival in the north through it all. Also, Peetyuk, a secondary character, has reached an age where it is time to learn about his father's people after being raised by his mother and grandparents.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: There is a 1990 television movie version of this novel. It was made for a family/general audience so the hunting scenes are tame. There are also quite a few differences between the movie and the novel. Some plot differences between the novel and the movie are:

text:
The movie is from Jamie's perspective (1st person) instead of the all-knowing 3rd person in the novel.
Jamie does not want to go north and, unlike the novel, dislikes the entire idea of living with his uncle.
The boys go hunting with Awasin's father Alphonse instead of Denikazi and the Chipewyans.

text: Some other changes include:

text:
Awasin is called Awasis, Uncle Angus' last name is different.
Jamie and Awasin meet on a train instead of at Angus' cabin.
Alphonse is called Mewasin.
Uncle Angus says in the movie that he does not want Jamie with him.
Unlike the novel, Uncle Angus does not send for Jamie when fur prices drop, but rather Jamie is sent north by the school because Jamie's trust fund runs out.

text: It was shot in Winnipeg, Manitoba.


document_title: 84th Academy Awards

question_text: who won the oscar for best actress in 2012

text: 84th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: The nominees for the 84th Academy Awards were announced on January 24, 2012, at 5:38 a.m. PST (13:38 UTC) at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, and the actress Jennifer Lawrence.[13] Hugo led all nominees with eleven nominations; The Artist came in second with ten.[14]

text: The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012.[15] The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929.[16] Moreover, it was also the first black-and-white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List.[16][b] Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar.[17] With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars.[17] At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar.[17][18]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().[19]

text:
Best Picture

The Artist – Thomas Langmann, producer

The Descendants – Jim Burke, Jim Taylor, and Alexander Payne, producers
Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close – Scott Rudin, producer
The Help – Brunson Green, Chris Columbus, and Michael Barnathan, producers
Hugo – Graham King and Martin Scorsese, producers
Midnight in Paris – Letty Aronson and Stephen Tenenbaum, producers
Moneyball – Michael De Luca, Rachael Horovitz, and Brad Pitt, producers
The Tree of Life – Dede Gardner, Sarah Green, Grant Hill, and Bill Pohlad, producers
War Horse – Steven Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy, producers

Best Director

Michel Hazanavicius – The Artist

Alexander Payne – The Descendants
Martin Scorsese – Hugo
Woody Allen – Midnight in Paris
Terrence Malick – The Tree of Life

Best Actor

Jean Dujardin – The Artist as George Valentin

Demián Bichir – A Better Life as Carlos Galindo
George Clooney – The Descendants as Matthew "Matt" King
Gary Oldman – Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy as George Smiley
Brad Pitt – Moneyball as Billy Beane

Best Actress

Meryl Streep – The Iron Lady as Margaret Thatcher

Glenn Close – Albert Nobbs as Albert Nobbs
Viola Davis – The Help as Aibileen Clark
Rooney Mara – The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Lisbeth Salander
Michelle Williams – My Week with Marilyn as Marilyn Monroe

Best Supporting Actor

Christopher Plummer – Beginners as Hal Fields

Kenneth Branagh – My Week with Marilyn as Laurence Olivier
Jonah Hill – Moneyball as Peter Brand
Nick Nolte – Warrior as Paddy Conlon
Max von Sydow – Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close as The Renter

Best Supporting Actress

Octavia Spencer – The Help as Minny Jackson

Bérénice Bejo – The Artist as Peppy Miller
Jessica Chastain – The Help as Celia Foote
Melissa McCarthy – Bridesmaids as Megan Price
Janet McTeer – Albert Nobbs as Hubert Page

Best Original Screenplay

Midnight in Paris – Woody Allen

The Artist – Michel Hazanavicius
Bridesmaids – Kristen Wiig and Annie Mumolo
Margin Call – J. C. Chandor
A Separation – Asghar Farhadi

Best Adapted Screenplay

The Descendants – Alexander Payne, Nat Faxon, and Jim Rash based on the novel by Kaui Hart Hemmings

Hugo – John Logan based on the book entitled The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick
The Ides of March – George Clooney, Grant Heslov, and Beau Willimon based on the play Farragut North by Beau Willimon
Moneyball – Screenplay by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin; Story by Stan Chervin based on the book by Michael Lewis
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy – Bridget O'Connor (posthumous nomination) and Peter Straughan based on the novel by John le Carré

Best Animated Feature Film

Rango – Directed by Gore Verbinski

A Cat in Paris – Directed by Alain Gagnol and Jean-Loup Felicioli
Chico and Rita – Directed by Fernando Trueba and Javier Mariscal
Kung Fu Panda 2 – Directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson
Puss in Boots – Directed by Chris Miller

Best Foreign Language Film

A Separation (Iran) in Persian – Directed by Asghar Farhadi

Bullhead (Belgium) in Dutch and French – Directed by Michaël R. Roskam
Footnote (Israel) in Hebrew – Directed by Joseph Cedar
In Darkness (Poland) in Polish – Directed by Agnieszka Holland
Monsieur Lazhar (Canada) in French – Directed by Philippe Falardeau

Best Documentary – Feature

Undefeated – TJ Martin, Dan Lindsay, and Richard Middlemas

Hell and Back Again – Danfung Dennis and Mike Lerner
If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front – Marshall Curry and Sam Cullman
Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory – Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky
Pina – Wim Wenders and Gian-Piero Ringel

Best Documentary – Short Subject

Saving Face – Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy and Daniel Junge

The Barber of Birmingham: Foot Soldier of the Civil Rights Movement – Robin Fryday and Gail Dolgin (posthumous nomination)
God Is the Bigger Elvis – Rebecca Cammisa and Julie Anderson
Incident in New Baghdad – James Spione
The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom – Lucy Walker and Kira Carstensen

Best Live Action Short Film

The Shore – Terry George and Oorlagh George

Pentecost – Peter McDonald and Eimear O'Kane
Raju – Max Zähle and Stefan Gieren
Time Freak – Andrew Bowler and Gigi Causey
Tuba Atlantic – Hallvar Witzø (nomination revoked)[c]

Best Animated Short Film

The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore – William Joyce and Brandon Oldenburg

Dimanche – Patrick Doyon
La Luna – Enrico Casarosa
A Morning Stroll – Grant Orchard and Sue Goffe
Wild Life – Amanda Forbis and Wendy Tilby

Best Original Score

The Artist by Ludovic Bource

The Adventures of Tintin by John Williams
Hugo by Howard Shore
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy by Alberto Iglesias
War Horse by John Williams

Best Original Song

"Man or Muppet" from The Muppets – Music and Lyrics by Bret McKenzie

"Real in Rio" from Rio – Music by Sérgio Mendes and Carlinhos Brown; Lyrics by Siedah Garrett

Best Sound Editing

Hugo – Philip Stockton and Eugene Gearty

Drive – Lon Bender and Victor Ray Ennis
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – Ren Klyce
Transformers: Dark of the Moon – Ethan Van der Ryn and Erik Aadahl
War Horse – Richard Hymns and Gary Rydstrom

Best Sound Mixing

Hugo – Tom Fleischman and John Midgley

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – David Parker, Michael Semanick, Ren Klyce and Bo Persson
Moneyball – Deb Adair, Ron Bochar, David Giammarco, and Ed Novick
Transformers: Dark of the Moon – Greg P. Russell, Gary Summers, Jeffrey J. Haboush, and Peter J. Devlin
War Horse – Gary Rydstrom, Andy Nelson Tom Johnson, and Stuart Wilson

Best Art Direction

Hugo – Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Francesca Lo Schiavo

The Artist – Art Direction: Laurence Bennett; Set Decoration: Robert Gould
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Art Direction: Stuart Craig; Set Decoration: Stephenie McMillan
Midnight in Paris – Art Direction: Anne Seibel; Set Decoration: Hélène Dubreuil
War Horse – Art Direction: Rick Carter; Set Decoration: Lee Sandales

Best Cinematography

Hugo – Robert Richardson

The Artist – Guillaume Schiffman
The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo – Jeff Cronenweth
The Tree of Life – Emmanuel Lubezki
War Horse – Janusz Kamiński

Best Makeup

The Iron Lady – Mark Coulier and J. Roy Helland

Albert Nobbs – Martial Corneville, Lynn Johnson, and Matthew W. Mungle
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Nick Dudman, Amanda Knight, and Lisa Tomblin

Best Costume Design

The Artist – Mark Bridges

Anonymous – Lisy Christl
Hugo – Sandy Powell
Jane Eyre – Michael O'Connor
W.E. – Arianne Phillips

Best Film Editing

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo – Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter

The Artist – Anne-Sophie Bion and Michel Hazanavicius
The Descendants – Kevin Tent
Hugo – Thelma Schoonmaker
Moneyball – Christopher Tellefsen

Best Visual Effects

Hugo – Rob Legato, Joss Williams, Ben Grossmann, and Alex Henning

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Tim Burke, David Vickery, Greg Butler, and John Richardson
Real Steel – Erik Nash, John Rosengrant, Dan Taylor, and Swen Gillberg
Rise of the Planet of the Apes – Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, R. Christopher White, and Daniel Barrett
Transformers: Dark of the Moon – Scott Farrar, Scott Benza, Matthew E. Butler, and John Frazier

tag: table

text: Honorary Academy Awards[edit]

text: The Academy held its 3rd Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12, 2011, during which the following awards were presented.[8][20]

text: Academy Honorary Award[edit]

text:
James Earl Jones — For his legacy of consistent excellence and uncommon versatility.
Dick Smith — For his unparalleled mastery of texture, shade, form, and illusion.

text: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award[edit]

text: Oprah Winfrey

text: Films with multiple nominations and awards[edit]

text:
The following 18 films received multiple nominations:

Nominations
Film

11

Hugo

10

The Artist

6
Moneyball

War Horse

5
The Descendants

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo

4
The Help

Midnight in Paris

3
Albert Nobbs

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy

Transformers: Dark of the Moon

The Tree of Life

2
Bridesmaids

Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close

The Iron Lady

My Week with Marilyn

A Separation

The following three films received multiple awards:

Awards
Film

5
The Artist

Hugo

2

The Iron Lady

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.[21]

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role

Disney, MelissaMelissa Disney and
Tom Kane
Announcers for the 84th annual Academy Awards

Freeman, MorganMorgan Freeman
Presenter of the opening montage

Hanks, TomTom Hanks
Presenter of the awards for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction

Diaz, CameronCameron Diaz and
Jennifer Lopez
Presenters of the awards for Best Costume Design and Best Makeup

Bullock, SandraSandra Bullock
Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Bale, ChristianChristian Bale
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

Cooper, BradleyBradley Cooper and
Tina Fey
Presenters of the awards for Best Film Editing, Best Sound Editing, and Best Sound Mixing

Kermit the Frog, Kermit the Frog and
Miss Piggy
Introducers of the performance by Cirque du Soleil

Downey Jr., RobertRobert Downey Jr. and
Gwyneth Paltrow
Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature

Rock, ChrisChris Rock
Presenter of the award for Best Animated Feature Film

Stiller, BenBen Stiller and
Emma Stone
Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects

Leo, MelissaMelissa Leo
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Sherak, TomTom Sherak (AMPAS President)
Special presentation congratulating host Billy Crystal and producers Brian Grazer and Don Mischer

Cruz, PenélopePenélope Cruz and
Owen Wilson
Presenters of the award for Best Original Score

Ferrell, WillWill Ferrell and
Zach Galifianakis
Presenters of the award for Best Original Song

Jolie, AngelinaAngelina Jolie
Presenter of the awards for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Original Screenplay

Jovovich, MillaMilla Jovovich
Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award

Byrne, RoseRose Byrne,
Ellie Kemper,
Melissa McCarthy,
Wendi McLendon-Covey,
Maya Rudolph, and
Kristen Wiig
Presenters of the awards for Best Live Action Short Film, Best Documentary Short Subject, and Best Animated Short Film

Douglas, MichaelMichael Douglas
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Streep, MerylMeryl Streep
Presenter of the segment of the Honorary Academy Awards and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award

Crystal, BillyBilly Crystal
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Portman, NatalieNatalie Portman
Presenter of the award for Best Actor

Firth, ColinColin Firth
Presenter of the award for Best Actress

Cruise, TomTom Cruise
Presenter of the Best Picture segment and the award for Best Picture

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Asher, PeterPeter Asher,
Ann Marie Calhoun,
Sheila E.,
Junkie XL,
Giorgio Moroder,
A. R. Rahman,
Esperanza Spalding,
Martin Tillman,
Pharrell Williams,
Stephane Wrembel, and
Hans Zimmer[22]
Musical arrangers
Orchestral

Crystal, BillyBilly Crystal
Performer
Opening number

Cirque du Soleil, Cirque du Soleil
Performers
Special performance in a tribute to movie memories

Spalding, EsperanzaEsperanza Spalding and
Southern California Children's Chorus
Performers
"What a Wonderful World" during the annual In Memoriam tribute

text: Ceremony information[edit]

text: Because of the declining viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, the Academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. In light of the previous year's telecast, whose performance by co-hosts James Franco and Anne Hathaway yielded critically negative reviews and a 9% decline in viewership, many within the Motion Picture Academy proposed new ways to give the awards a more populist appeal.[23][24] After a two-year experiment with ten Best Pictures nominees, AMPAS president Tom Sherak announced that the number of final nominees can now range from five to ten as opposed a fixed number.[7] The nomination voting process would be the same as before, through preferential balloting, but now only films that receive a minimum of 5% of total number-one votes are eligible for Best Picture nominations.[25] Academy then-executive director Bruce Davis explained, "A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit. If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldn't feel an obligation to round out the number."[26][27] Changes in the Best Animated Feature also were announced. In response to the growing number of animated features released per year, the Academy stated in a press release that four to five films would now be nominated per year contingent on how many animated feature films were released in that year.[28]

text: Originally, the Academy selected director Brett Ratner as co-producer of the ceremony with Don Mischer in August 2011.[29] Actor and comedian Eddie Murphy was hired by Ratner to preside over hosting duties.[30] However, after commenting to radio host Howard Stern during an interview promoting the film Tower Heist that "rehearsal is for fags" and disparaging remarks about actress Olivia Munn, Ratner resigned from his co-producing duties on November 8.[31][32] Murphy subsequently stepped down as host the following day.[33] Immediately, the Academy selected film producer Brian Grazer to replace Ratner as co-producer.[34] Actor and veteran Oscar emcee Billy Crystal was recruited by Grazer to take over hosting duties.[35]

text: Multiple others participated in the production of the ceremony. Musicians Hans Zimmer and Pharrell Williams composed new music exclusive to the Oscars ceremony, which was later released as an album via the iTunes Store.[22][36] Oscar-winning production designer John Myhre designed a new stage for the ceremony.[37] Director Bennett Miller filmed several vignettes featuring actors discussing movie memories and the business of filmmaking.[38] Cirque du Soleil, who was concurrently renting the Hollywood and Highland Center for their show Iris, performed a dance number at the ceremony inspired by their aforementioned show.[39] Unlike most Oscar ceremonies, however, Grazer and Mischer announced that neither of the two songs nominated for Best Original Song would be performed live.[40]

text: Box office performance of nominated films[edit]

text: For the first time since 2008, only one of the nominees for Best Picture had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced (compared with three from the previous year).[41][42] The combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $518 million with an average gross of $57.7 million per film.[43]

text: None of the nine Best Picture nominees was among the top ten releases in box office during the nominations. When the nominations were announced on January 24, 2012, The Help was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $169.6 million in domestic box office receipts. Among the remaining eight nominees, Moneyball was the second-highest-grossing film with $75.5 million; this was followed by War Horse ($72.3 million), Midnight in Paris ($56.4 million), Hugo ($55.9 million), The Descendants ($51.3 million), The Tree of Life ($13.3 million), The Artist ($12.1 million) and Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close ($10.7 million).[44]

text: Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 36 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only The Help (13th), Bridesmaids (14th), Kung Fu Panda 2 (15th), Puss in Boots (16th), Rango (22nd), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (28th), Moneyball (43rd), and War Horse (46th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards.[45] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (1st), Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2nd), Rise of the Planet of the Apes (11th), Rio (18th), The Muppets (34th), Real Steel (35th), and The Adventures of Tintin (47th).[45]

text: Critical reviews[edit]

text: The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Television critic Lori Rackl of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized Crystal's performance saying that the emcee "left his A game at home Sunday. Crystal's mediocre monologue was consistent with a mediocre 84th installment of Hollywood’s biggest awards ceremony.[46] Columnist Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter quipped that "Somewhere, against all odds, James Franco is buying drinks for everybody." He went on to say that the previous year's critically panned telecast was eclipsed by Crystal's dull antics and that the show itself was "poorly paced as any in recent memory."[47] Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times lamented, "The whole night looked like an AARP pep rally." She also noted that, "For a town that prides itself on tinsel and titillation, the night was pretty tame."[48]

text: Other media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly commented that despite the ceremony running over three hours and honoring films that had earned modest box office numbers, "it was a jolly good show." He also praised the cast and several sketches and segments from the show.[49] Film critic Roger Ebert lauded Crystal's performance saying "As probably the most popular Oscar emcee, he astonished the audience by topping himself." Of the show itself, Ebert added that it was "an unqualified improvement" over the previous year's ceremony.[50] Associated Press critic Frazier Moore pointed out that Crystal's performance "was nothing new or unexpected in his act", but he extoled him for stewarding "a sleek and entertaining Oscarcast."[51]

text: Ratings and reception[edit]

text: The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 39.46 million people over its length, which was a 4% increase from the previous year's ceremony.[5][52] An estimated 76.56 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards.[53] The show also earned higher Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 23.91% of households watching over a 37.64 share. However the program scored a sightly lower 18-49 demo rating with an 11.67 rating over a 32.68 share among viewers in that demographic, essentially flat with last year's numbers.[54] Many media outlets pointed out that the 54th Grammy Awards held two weeks earlier drew a larger audience with an average 39.92 million people watching.[55][56]

text: In July 2012, the ceremony presentation received eight nominations at the 64th Primetime Emmys.[57] Two months later, the ceremony won one of those nominations for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special (Paul Sandweiss, Tommy Vicari, Pablo Munguia, Kristian Pedregon, Bob Lamasney, Brian Riordan, Thomas Pesa, Michael Parker, Josh Morton, Patrick Baltzell, Larry Reed, and John Perez).[58]

text: In Memoriam[edit]

text: The annual In Memoriam tribute, was presented by host Billy Crystal. Singer Esperanza Spalding performed the Louis Armstrong song "What a Wonderful World" alongside the Southern California Children's Chorus during the tribute.[59][60]

text:
Jane Russell
Annie Girardot
John Calley
Polly Platt
Ken Russell
Donald Peterman
Farley Granger
Whitney Houston
Bingham Ray
Takuo Miyagishima
Bert Schneider
Michael Cacoyannis
David Z. Goodman
James Rodnunsky
Peter E. Berger
Jack Hayes
Peter Falk
Cliff Robertson
Laura Ziskin
Sidney Lumet

Sue Mengers
Steve Jobs
George Kuchar
Hal Kanter
Theadora Van Runkle
Tim Hetherington
Gene Cantamessa
Gary Winick
Bill Varney
Jackie Cooper
Gilbert Cates
Richard Leacock
James M. Roberts
Marion Dougherty
Norman Corwin
Paul John Haggar
Joseph Farell
Ben Gazzara
Elizabeth Taylor


document_title: Flight of the Bumblebee

question_text: how long is the flight of the bumblebee

question_tokens: how long is the flight of the bumblebee

text: Flight of the Bumblebee

text: Overview[edit]

text: Here is the text of the scene where the Swan-Bird sings during this music:

text:
Russian
English translation

(Гвидон спускается с берега в море. Из моря вылетает шмель, кружась около Лебедь-Птицы.)
ЛЕБЕДЬ-ПТИЦА:
Ну, теперь, мой шмель, гуляй, (Nu, teper', moy shmel', gulyay,)
судно в море догоняй, (sudno v more dogonyay,)
потихоньку опускайся, (potikhon'ku opuskaysya,)
в щель подальше забивайся. (v shchel' podal'she zabivaysya.)
Будь здоров, Гвидон, лети, (Bud' zdorov, Gvidon, leti,)
только долго не гости! (tol'ko dolgo ne gosti!)
(Шмель улетает.)

(Gvidon goes down from the shore into the sea. Out from the sea flies a bumblebee, whirling around the Swan-Bird.)
SWAN-BIRD:
Well, now, my bumblebee, go on a spree,
catch up with the ship on the sea,
go down secretly,
get deep into a crack.
Good luck, Gvidon, fly,
only do not stay long!
(The bumblebee flies away.)

text: Although the "Flight" does not have a title in the score of the opera, its common English title translates like the Russian one (Полёт шмеля = Polyot shmelya). Incidentally, this piece does not constitute one of the movements of the orchestral suite that Rimsky-Korsakov derived from the opera for concerts.

text: Those familiar with the opera Tsar Saltan may recognize two leitmotifs used in the Flight, both of which are associated with Prince Gvidon from earlier in the opera. These are illustrated here in musical notation:

text: The music of this number recurs in modified form during the ensuing tableau (Act III, Tableau 2), at the points when the Bumblebee appears during the scene: it stings the two evil sisters on the brow, blinds Babarikha (the instigator of the plot to trick Saltan at the beginning into sending his wife away), and in general causes havoc at the end of the tableau. The readers of Alexander Pushkin's original poem, upon which this opera is based, will note that Gvidon is supposed to go on three separate trips to Saltan's kingdom, each of which requires a transformation into a different insect.

text: "Flight of the Bumblebee" is recognizable for its frantic pace when played up to tempo, with nearly uninterrupted runs of chromatic sixteenth notes. It is not so much the pitch or range of the notes that are played that challenges the musician, but simply the musician's ability to move to them quickly enough. Because of this and its complexity, it requires a great deal of skill to perform.

text: In the "Tsar Saltan" suite, the short version is commonly played, taking less than two minutes. In the Opera version, the three-minute fifty-five-second version is performed.

text: Although the original orchestral version assigns portions of the sixteenth-note runs to various instruments in tandem, in the century since its composition the piece has become a standard showcase for solo instrumental virtuosity, whether on the original violin or on practically any other melodic instrument. Sergei Rachmaninov's transcription for piano features in the film Shine and is interpreted by David Helfgott.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017)

text:
Big band trumpeter Harry James did a cover of the piece in 1941.[1]
"Flight of the Bumblebee" was featured, along with other compositions by Rimsky-Korsakov, in the fictional 1947 biopic Song of Scheherazade.
A piano-based version by B. Bumble and the Stingers reached #21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961.[2]
Japanese band Takeshi Terauchi & Bunnys recorded an instrumental rock cover of this song on their 1967 album, Let's Go Unmei.
The song was featured in the first episode of The Muppet Show, in which Gonzo attempts to eat a tire on stage with the song playing in the background.
The radio program The Green Hornet used "Flight of the Bumblebee" as its theme music, blended with a hornet buzz created on a theremin. The music became so strongly identified with the show and the character that it was retained as the theme for the later TV series. This version was orchestrated by Billy May and conducted by Lionel Newman, with trumpet solo by Al Hirt, in a jazz style nicknamed "Green Bee". This particular version was later featured in the 2003 film Kill Bill.
Extreme's instrumental piece "Flight of the Wounded Bumblebee," featuring guitarist Nuno Bettencourt's advanced virtuoso skills, is heavily inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's original and bears a similar name, but is in fact a distinct work and not merely a re-arrangement.
Manowar bassist Joey DeMaio recorded a version titled "Sting of the Bumblebee," played entirely on bass guitar.
Trans-Siberian Orchestra has included the piece into the song A Last Illusion on its Beethoven's Last Night album.
The video game Rayman uses an altered version of the piece during a chase sequence in which the title character rides a mosquito. This version gradually increases in tempo.
The Great Kat recorded a thrash metal version on her 1990 album Beethoven on Speed.
The 1993 animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog samples the tune as part of the show's opening theme, combining it with "In the Hall of the Mountain King" and the theme from the original Sonic the Hedgehog video game.
The music inspired Walt Disney to have a bumblebee featured in a segment of Fantasia that would sound as if it were flying around a movie theater. Although this did not appear in the final film, it anticipated the eventual invention of surround sound.[3] However, in his film Melody Time, Disney included an animated segment using Freddy Martin's "Bumble Boogie", a jazz arrangement of the piece.[4]
For Guinness world record of fastest guitarist and violinist, "Flight of the Bumblebee" must be played flawlessly at an increased speed. The current guitar world record is 620 bpm held by John Taylor.[5]
In the Scott Hicks film Shine, Geoffrey Rush's character David Helfgott wanders out of a rainy night into a cafe and amazes the few patrons there by playing a piano version of "Flight of the Bumblebee."
Bob Dylan wrote and recorded a song called "It's the Flight of the Bumblebee" with The Band during the Basement Tapes sessions that quotes the original during the piano intro.