question_text: who scored the most goals in the premier league

text: Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 26 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition.

text: During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League.[1][2] After Shearer, Sergio Agüero is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 147 games.[3]

text: Players[edit]

text:
List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals

Rank
Player
Position
Premier League club(s)
Goals

1
 Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
S
Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United
260

2
 Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
F
Everton, Manchester United
202

3
 Cole, AndyAndy Cole
S
Newcastle United, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth
187

4
 Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
MF
West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City
177

5
 Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
S
Arsenal
175

6
 Fowler, RobbieRobbie Fowler
S
Liverpool, Leeds United, Manchester City
163

7
 Defoe, JermainJermain Defoe
S
West Ham United, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Bournemouth
159

8
 Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
S
Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester United, Stoke City
150

9
 Ferdinand, LesLes Ferdinand
S
Queens Park Rangers, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers
149

10
 Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
S
Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Portsmouth, West Ham United
146

11
 van Persie, RobinRobin van Persie
F
Arsenal, Manchester United
144

12
 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
S
Manchester City
129

13
 Hasselbaink, Jimmy FloydJimmy Floyd Hasselbaink
S
Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic
127

14
 Keane, RobbieRobbie Keane
F
Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool, West Ham United, Aston Villa
126

15
 Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
F
Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion
125

16
 Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
S
Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sunderland
123

17
 Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
MF
Liverpool
120

18
 Wright, IanIan Wright
S
Arsenal, West Ham United
113

19
 Dublin, DionDion Dublin
F
Manchester United, Coventry City, Aston Villa
111

20
 Heskey, EmileEmile Heskey
S
Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa
110

21
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
MF
Manchester United
109

22
 Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
MF
Manchester United
107

23
 Bent, DarrenDarren Bent
S
Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Fulham
106

24
 Crouch, PeterPeter Crouch
S
Aston Villa, Southampton, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City
105

25
 Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
S
Chelsea
104

26
 Le Tissier, MattMatt Le Tissier
MF
Southampton
100

Italics show players still playing professional football; Bold shows players still playing in the Premier League.[4]


document_title: Forbes' list of world's highest-paid athletes

question_text: who is the highest paid professional athlete in the world

root

text: 2017 list

text: The 2017 list:[1]

tag: p

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$93 million
$58 million
$35 million

2
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$86.2 million
$31.2 million
$55 million

3
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$80 million
$53 million
$27 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$64 million
$6 million
$58 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$60.6 million
$26.6 million
$34 million

6
Andrew Luck
American football
 United States
$50 million
$47 million
$3 million

6
Rory McIlroy
Golf
 Northern Ireland
$50 million
$16 million
$34 million

8
Stephen Curry
Basketball
 United States
$47.3 million
$12.3 million
$35 million

9
James Harden
Basketball
 United States
$46.6 million
$26.6 million
$20 million

10
Lewis Hamilton
Auto racing
 England
$46 million
$38 million
$8 million

tag: table

text: 2016 list

text: The 2016 list:[2]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$88 million
$56 million
$32 million

2
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$81.4 million
$53.4 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$77.2 million
$23.2 million
$54 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67.8 million
$7.8 million
$60 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$56.2 million
$20.2 million
$36 million

6
Novak Djokovic
Tennis
 Serbia
$55.8 million
$21.8 million
$34 million

7
Cam Newton
American football
 United States
$53.1 million
$41.1 million
$12 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$52.9 million
$2.9 million
$50 million

9
Jordan Spieth
Golf
 United States
$52.8 million
$20.8 million
$32 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$50 million
$25 million
$25 million

text: 2015 list

text: The 2015 list was released on 10 June 2015.[3]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$300 million
$285 million
$15 million

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$160 million
$148 million
$12 million

3
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$79.6 million
$52.6 million
$27 million

4
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$73.8 million
$51.8 million
$22 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67 million
$9 million
$58 million

6
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$64.8 million
$20.8 million
$44 million

7
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$54.1 million
$19.1 million
$35 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$50.8 million
$2.8 million
$48 million

9
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$50.6 million
$0.6 million
$50 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$49.5 million
$23.5 million
$26 million

text: 2014 list

text: The 2014 list was released on 11 June 2014.[4]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$105 million
$105 million
$0

2
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$80 million
$52 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$72.3 million
$19.3 million
$53 million

4
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$64.7 million
$41.7 million
$23 million

5
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.5 million
$30.5 million
$31 million

6
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$61.2 million
$6.2 million
$55 million

7
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$56.2 million
$4.2 million
$52 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$53.2 million
$5.2 million
$48 million

9
Rafael Nadal
Tennis
 Spain
$44.5 million
$14.5 million
$30 million

10
Matt Ryan
American football
 United States
$43.8 million
$42 million
$1.8 million

text: 2013 list

text: The 2013 list was released on 5 June 2013.[5]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$78.1 million
$13.1 million
$65 million

2
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$71.5 million
$6.5 million
$65 million

3
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.9 million
$27.9 million
$34 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$59.8 million
$17.8 million
$42 million

5
Drew Brees
American football
 United States
$51 million
$40 million
$11 million

6
Aaron Rodgers
American football
 United States
$49 million
$43 million
$6 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$48.7 million
$4.7 million
$44 million

8
David Beckham
Football
 England
$47.2 million
$5.2 million
$42 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$44 million
$23 million
$21 million

10
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$41.3 million
$20.3 million
$21 million

text: 2012 list

text: The 2012 list was released on 18 June 2012.[6]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nationality
Total earnings
Salary/winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$85 million
$85 million
$0

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$62 million
$56 million
$6 million

3
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$59.4 million
$4.4 million
$55 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$53 million
$13 million
$40 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$52.7 million
$7.7 million
$45 million

6
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$52.3 million
$20.3 million
$32 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$47.8 million
$4.8 million
$43 million

8
David Beckham
Football
 England
$46 million
$9 million
$37 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$42.5 million
$20.5 million
$22 million

10
Peyton Manning
American football
 United States
$42.4 million
$32.4 million
$10 million


document_title: Spring (season)

question_text: in which month spring season comes in india

text: Spring (season)

text: Meteorological reckoning[edit]

text: Meteorologists generally define four seasons in many climatic areas: spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter. These are demarcated by the values of their average temperatures on a monthly basis, with each season lasting three months. The three warmest months are by definition summer, the three coldest months are winter and the intervening gaps are spring and autumn. Spring, when defined in this manner, can start on different dates in different regions.

text: In most Northern Hemisphere temperate locations, spring months are March, April and May, although differences exist from country to country.[1] (Summer is June, July, August; autumn is September, October, November; winter is December, January, February.) Most Southern Hemisphere temperate locations have opposing seasons with spring in September, October and November.

text: Swedish meteorologists define the beginning of spring as the first occasion on which the average daytime temperature exceeds zero degrees Celsius for seven consecutive days, thus the date varies with latitude and elevation.[2] In Australia and New Zealand, spring conventionally begins on 1 September and ends 30 November.[3]

text: Astronomical and solar reckoning[edit]

text: In some cultures in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g. Germany), the astronomical Vernal equinox (varying between 19 and 21 March) is taken to mark the first day of spring, and the Summer solstice (around 21 June) is taken as the first day of summer. In Persian culture the first day of spring is the first day of the first month (called Farvardin) which begins on 20 or 21 March. In other traditions, the equinox is taken as mid-spring.

text: In the traditional Chinese calendar, the "spring" season (春) consists of the end of winter (from 4 February) and beginning of spring (to 5 May), roughly taking the equinox as its midpoint. Similarly, according to the Celtic tradition, which is based solely on daylight and the strength of the noon sun, spring begins in early February (near Imbolc or Candlemas) and continues until early May (Beltane).

text: Other calendar-based reckoning[edit]

text: In Ireland, spring traditionally starts on February 1, St Brigid's Day,[4] although Irish meteorologists consider the whole of February to be part of winter.[5][6]

text: Ecological reckoning[edit]

text: The beginning of spring is not always determined by fixed calendar dates. The phenological or ecological definition of spring relates to biological indicators, such as the blossoming of a range of plant species, the activities of animals, and the special smell of soil that has reached the temperature for micro flora to flourish. These indicators, along with the beginning of spring, vary according to the local climate and according to the specific weather of a particular year. Most ecologists divide the year into six seasons that have no fixed dates. In addition to spring, ecological reckoning identifies an earlier separate prevernal (early or pre-spring) season between the hibernal (winter) and vernal (spring) seasons. This is a time when only the hardiest flowers like the crocus are in bloom, sometimes while there is still some snowcover on the ground.[7]

text: Natural events[edit]

text: During early spring, the axis of the Earth is increasing its tilt relative to the Sun, and the length of daylight rapidly increases for the relevant hemisphere. The hemisphere begins to warm significantly, causing new plant growth to "spring forth," giving the season its name.[citation needed]

text: Any snow begins to melt, swelling streams with runoff and any frosts become less severe. In climates that have no snow, and rare frosts, air and ground temperatures increase more rapidly.

text: Many flowering plants bloom at this time of year, in a long succession, sometimes beginning when snow is still on the ground and continuing into early summer.[citation needed] In normally snowless areas, "spring" may begin as early as February (Northern Hemisphere), heralded by the blooming of deciduous magnolias, cherries, and quince, or August (Southern Hemisphere) in the same way.[citation needed] Many temperate areas have a dry spring, and wet autumn (fall), which brings about flowering in this season, more consistent with the need for water, as well as warmth. Subarctic areas may not experience "spring" at all until May.

text: While spring is a result of the warmth caused by the changing orientation of the Earth's axis relative to the Sun, the weather in many parts of the world is affected by other, less predictable events. The rainfall in spring (or any season) follows trends more related to longer cycles—such as the solar cycle—or events created by ocean currents and ocean temperatures—for example, the El Niño effect and the Southern Oscillation Index.

text: Unstable spring weather may occur more often when warm air begins to invade from lower latitudes, while cold air is still pushing from the Polar regions. Flooding is also most common in and near mountainous areas during this time of year, because of snow-melt which is accelerated by warm rains. In North America, Tornado Alley is most active at this time of year, especially since the Rocky Mountains prevent the surging hot and cold air masses from spreading eastward, and instead force them into direct conflict. Besides tornadoes, supercell thunderstorms can also produce dangerously large hail and very high winds, for which a severe thunderstorm warning or tornado warning is usually issued. Even more so than in winter, the jet streams play an important role in unstable and severe Northern Hemisphere weather in springtime.[citation needed]

text: In recent decades, season creep has been observed, which means that many phenological signs of spring are occurring earlier in many regions by around two days per decade.

text: Spring in the Southern Hemisphere is different in several significant ways to that of the Northern Hemisphere for several reasons, including:

text:
there is no land bridge between Southern Hemisphere countries and the Antarctic zone capable of bringing in cold air without the temperature-mitigating effects of extensive tracts of water;
the vastly greater amount of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere at all latitudes;
at this time in Earth's geologic history the Earth has an orbit which brings it in closer to the Southern Hemisphere for its warmer seasons;
there is a circumpolar flow of air (the roaring 40s and 50s) uninterrupted by large land masses;
no equivalent jet streams; and
the peculiarities of the reversing ocean currents in the Pacific.[citation needed]

tag: ol

text: Cultural events[edit]

text: Albania[edit]

text: Albania celebrates the lunar Spring Day (Albanian: Dita e Verës or Dita e Luleve) on 14 March, and from 2004 it has been a national holiday. It is an old pagan practice, particularly popular in the city of Elbasan, central Albania.

text: According to some sources, Dita e Verës derives from the Arbëreshë, an Albanian community that has lived in Italy since the 15th century. On 14 March, the Arbëreshë of the Italian coast collect a tuft of grass roots and soil, bringing it home to commemorate the anniversary of their emigration from Albania. In fact, some sources date back this celebration to ancient Illyria. At that time, the feast was celebrated on 1 March, which in the Julian calendar, corresponded to the first day of the year.[citation needed]

text: Australia[edit]

text: The annual Spring Racing Carnival of thoroughbred horse racing events is held in Melbourne in October and November, with large crowds attending. The Melbourne Cup, held on the first Tuesday of November, is Australia's premier horse race and is recognised as a public holiday in the host city of Melbourne. It is also referred to as the race that stops a nation.[8]

text: Floriade is a festival of flowers that happens in the national capital of Canberra to celebrate the coming of Spring. This festival has large flower displays, shaped in imagery to a particular theme. This festival is held next to lake Burley Griffin, and attracts many tourists each year.

text: Bangladesh[edit]

text: Spring is a festive time in Bangladesh. People celebrate this season with newly reaped paddies. Villagers make various types of pitha cakes to entertain guests.[9]

text: Bermuda[edit]

text: As in Canada, Queen Victoria's birthday on the 24th of May has remained a public holiday in the British Overseas Territory. The name and dedication of the holiday changed over the 20th Century, however, becoming Empire Day, then Commonwealth Day and now Bermuda Day. In its current incarnation, the day has been used since the 1970s to celebrate Bermuda's diversity and unity, with a large parade in the City of Hamilton that replaced the earlier Easter Parade that many black Bermudians had felt was irredeemably marred by racism. The 24th of May is also traditionally the first day of the year when Bermudians will swim, despite local waters being warmed by the Gulf Stream. The humidity of Bermuda's Oceanic climate ensures its winters and summers are mild (respectively, neither as cold nor as warm as experienced in continental areas such as New York), but also means that temperatures are slow to change, other than through the blasts of Arctic air behind the cold fronts that sweep across from North America, most forcefully during the winter, at intervals of several days). This means that cool, wet and blustery weather is typical in Bermuda late in Spring when temperatures in the North-East of the United States have already begun spiking to levels Bermuda will not see until mid-summer (this is not always apparent from comparing average high temperatures as Bermuda's humid climate also moderates temperature change during the course of a day, with only a 10 degree Fahrenheit difference between daily high and low temperatures. By comparison, the average high and low temperatures for the 1st of May in New York City are 67° and 50°, and on the 31st of May are 75° and 59°. In Bermuda, the historical averages for those dates are 74° and 62° on the 1st, and 79° and 67° on the 31st. The record high for May in New York, however, was 97° on the 20th of May, 1996. The highest temperature ever recorded in Bermuda at any time of year was 94°, although the temperature has climbed above 86° in only a handful of years since records began).[10] Bermudians consequently joke that they do not swim again, following the traditional dip on the 24th of May, 'til the weather has warmed further.[11][12]

text: Carnival[edit]

text: In some regions,[which?] the first spring festival of the new year is Carnival, 40 days before Easter.[citation needed]

text: China[edit]

text: Easter[edit]

text: Easter is the most important religious feast in the Christian liturgical year.[13] Christians believe that Jesus was resurrected from the dead on the "third day"[14] (two days after his crucifixion), and celebrate this resurrection on Easter Day, two days after Good Friday. The date of Easter varies between 22 March and 25 April (which corresponds to between 4 April and 8 May in the Gregorian Calendar for the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches using the Julian Calendar). In the Southern Hemisphere Easter occurs during autumn.

text: Egypt[edit]

text: Shom Ennisim is an Egyptian national holiday marking the beginning of spring. Ancient Egyptians (from the pharaonic period) used to celebrate the Harvest of the Wheat and modern Egyptians have continued celebrating this holiday even now. It always falls on the day after the Eastern Christian Easter (following the custom of the largest Christian denomination in the country, the Coptic Orthodox Church). Despite the Christian-related date, the holiday is celebrated by Egyptians regardless of religion.[citation needed]

text: Iran[edit]

text: Nowruz (also Nevrooz, Naw-Rúz, Norooz, Newroz, Navroj, Naeruj and many other variants) which means "New Day" in Persian language, marks an important traditional holiday festival celebrated in Iran as it signifies the start of their new year on the vernal equinox. It is an important traditional holiday as well as in many other countries with a significant population of Persian and Turkic people, such as Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and by Kurdish communities in Turkey and Iraq and elsewhere.[citation needed] Also many people celebrate Nowruz in Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. More over in some part of China (Kashgar and Xinjiang), India (Kashmir) and Africa (Zanzibar).

text: Israel[edit]

text: In the ancient Jewish calendar, the month of Nisan was the original first month of the year. The Jewish holiday of Passover (פסח) is celebrated in the 15th of Nisan, and is also known as "The Spring Holiday" (חג האביב).[citation needed]

text: India[edit]

text: Holi, the festival of colours, celebrated at the end of the winter season and beginning of spring, is the most vibrant festival of colours celebrated by Hindus in India. People throw water and apply coloured powders on each other.

text: Vasant Panchami is celebrated in North India on the fifth day of the Indian month Magh (January–February), the first day of spring. Sankranti in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka and Thai Pongal in Tamil Nadu are celebrated in mid-January to mark the beginning of the spring season.[citation needed]

text: In Assam Valley, Rongali Bihu is celebrated for seven days from 13 to 19 April. This is a harvesting festival celebrated in spring by all sections of the community, which distinguishes it from other Indian festivals that are more religious in nature.[citation needed]

text: In India, Nowrouz is called Navreh or Navrojh. Many people celebrate Nowrouz, mainly in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Gujarat and in Uttar Pradesh.[citation needed]

text: May Day[edit]

text: 1 May is the date of many public holidays.[15] In many countries, May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour Day, which celebrates the social and economic achievements of the labour movement. As a day of celebration, the holiday has ancient origins, and it can relate to many customs that have survived into modern times. Many of these customs are due to May Day being a cross-quarter day, meaning that (in the Northern Hemisphere where it is almost exclusively celebrated) it falls approximately halfway between the spring equinox and summer solstice. In the Celtic tradition, this date marked the end of spring and the beginning of summer. In line with this, Ireland celebrates St. Brigid's Day (1 February) as the first day of spring.

text: Mesopotamia[edit]

text: Akitu (Sumerian Akiti-šekinku "cutting of barley", Akiti-šununum "sowing of barley", Babylonian rêš-šattim "head of the year") was a spring festival in ancient Mesopotamia.

text: The name is from the Sumerian for "barley", originally marking two festivals celebrating the beginning of each of the two half-years of the Sumerian calendar, marking the sowing of barley in autumn and the cutting of barley in spring, in the month of Nisannu (Aries). In Babylonian religion it came to be dedicated to Marduk's victory over Tiamat.

text: Nepal[edit]

text: In Nepal, people celebrate Holi, the Hindu festival of colours.

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: In Pakistan, spring season starts in middle of February and ends in last week of May.

text: Romania[edit]

text: Mărțișor (Romanian pronunciation: [mərt͡siˈʃor]) is an old Romanian celebration at the beginning of spring, on 1 March.[16] Mărțișor, marț and mărțiguș are all names for the red and white string from which a small decoration is tied, and which is offered by people on the 1st day of March. Symbolically, it is correlated to women and to fertility as a means of life and continuity. The tradition is authentic in Romania, Moldova and all territories inhabited by Romanians and Aromanians.

text: Sri Lanka[edit]

text: Cultural anthropological history of the 'Traditional New Year', which is celebrated in the month of April, goes back to an ancient period in Sri Lankan history.[citation needed] Various beliefs, perhaps those associated with fertility of the harvest, gave birth to many rituals, customs, and ceremonies connected with the New Year. The advent of Buddhism in the 3rd century BC led to a re-interpretation of the existing New Year activities in a Buddhist light. The majority of the people in the country are Buddhists and Hindus, and as such, it is the Buddhist outlook that was predominant in transforming the New Year rites to what they are now.[citation needed]

text: Turkey[edit]

text: Nowruz (Turkish: Nevruz) is mostly celebrated by Kurds in Turkey.[citation needed]

text: It is actually a Persian spring festival at the beginning of the year.[citation needed] This day is also important for Turks. It is related with legend of Ergenekon.[citation needed]

text: Hıdırellez is a kind of Islamic spring festival which occurs in early May. It is the meeting day of Khidr and Elijah. Picnicking is a popular festival activity.[citation needed]

text: Vietnam[edit]

text: Vietnamese use the traditional lunar as well as the modern solar calendar. They celebrate Tết (Vietnamese New Year) in late January or early February is also known as the beginning of spring. The lunar calendar is used mainly to divide the year into seasons for agriculture purposes.[citation needed] In the old days, the celebration used to last the entire month of January of the lunar calendar. Traditionally, firecrackers are used on New Year's Eve, or đêm giao thừa in Vietnamese, to scare away bad spirits and souls.[citation needed]

text: As a metaphor[edit]

text: Spring is seen as a time of growth, renewal, of new life (both plant and animal) being born. The term is also used more generally as a metaphor for the start of better times.[citation needed]

text: Examples include:

text:
the Prague Spring in 1968
the Arab Spring that began in 2010
Spring cleaning

tag: ul

text: Gallery[edit]

text: This section contains what may be an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images. Galleries containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged; please improve or remove the section accordingly. (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Daffodils in spring

Encelia farinosa in spring

Purple crocuses in March

Forest edge in springtime near Bad Wurzach

California Goldfields at Antelope Valley

Brasília, the capital city of Brazil

Spring (1896) by Art Nouveau artist Alphonse Mucha


document_title: Arianrhod

question_text: where does king math have to keep his feet

text: Arianrhod

text: Mabinogion[edit]

text: According to the Fourth Branch, Arianrhod's uncle Math fab Mathonwy would die if he did not keep his feet in the lap of a virgin when he was not at war. Gilfaethwy conceives a lust for Math's original footholder, Goewin, and he and his brother Gwydion engineer a war with King Pryderi of Dyfed, forcing Math to leave his court. In Math's absence Gilfaethwy rapes Goewin. When Math returns he punishes his nephews severely by turning them into a series of mated pairs of animals, and marries Goewin to alleviate her shame. However, he must find a new virgin to hold his feet.

text: Gwydion suggests his sister, Arianrhod. To test her virginity, Math tells her to step over his magician's rod. On doing this, however, she immediately gives birth to a young boy, Dylan ail Don, and a blob-like entity which becomes Lleu Llaw Gyffes. Dylan is a sea spirit, who flees to the ocean immediately after he is baptized; Gwydion grabs the entity before anyone else sees it and places it in a chest. Before long it becomes a boy who grows at twice the normal rate; when he is four he is as big as an eight-year-old. Gwydion takes him to see his mother at her home, Caer Arianrhod.

text: However, Arianrhod is still angry about her humiliation at Math's court. She places a tynged (a geis or taboo) on the boy that he will never have a name unless she gives it to him. Gwydion disguises the boy as a shoemaker and returns to Caer Arianrhod; while Arianrhod is being fitted, she sees the boy killing a wren with a single stone and remarks that the fair-haired one ("lleu") has a skillful hand ("llaw gyffes"). Gwydion reveals the disguise, and says she has just given her son a name – Lleu Llaw Gyffes. Arianrhod then places a second tynged on Lleu, that he would never take arms unless she armed him. A few years later Gwydion and Lleu return to Caer Arianrhod, this time disguised as bards. Gwydion is an accomplished storyteller and entertains her court. That night, while everyone sleeps, he conjures a fleet of warships. Arianrhod gives her guests weapons and armor to help her fight, thereby dispelling her second curse. When Gwydion reveals the trickery, Arianrhod places a final tynged on Lleu: he would never have a wife from any race that is on this earth now. Gwydion and Math eventually break this curse by creating a woman out of oak blossom, broom, and meadowsweet; she is named Blodeuwedd ("flower face").

text: With her curses, Arianrhod denied Lleu the three aspects of masculinity: a name, arms, and a wife.[citation needed]

text: In other sources[edit]

text: One of the Welsh Triads, 35 by Rachel Bromwich's numbering, establishes a different family connection for Arianrhod. Her father is named as Beli Mawr, and her brother is Caswallawn (the historical Cassivellaunus). She has two sons by Lliaws son of Nwyfre, Gwenwynwyn and Gwanar, who both accompany Caswallawn in his pursuit of Julius Caesar after he has been chased from Britain. This triad is the only source connecting Arianrhod to Beli Mawr and the Caswallawn saga, but it is not incompatible with the tradition recorded in the Mabinogion.[1]

text: The stories of Welsh mythology changed over time, and the Mabinogion does not contain the only version of them. Welsh scholar William John Gruffydd noted that 15th- and 16th-century poets apparently knew an alternate tradition in which Arianrhod actually became Math's footholder.[1] Additionally, some scholars have suggested that in an earlier form of the Fourth Branch, Gwydion was the father of Arianrhod's sons.[2]

text: Arianrhod's palace, Caer Arianrhod, is connected with a rock formation visible off the coast of northern Gwynedd at low tide.[1] This formation is one of several landmarks that attest to the localization of the events in the Fourth Branch in this area. The name "Caer Arianrhod" is also used in Welsh for the constellation Corona Borealis.[2]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The name "Arianrhod" (from the Welsh arian, "silver," and rhod, "wheel") may be cognate with Proto-Celtic *Arganto-rotā, meaning "silver wheel."[3] Alternatively, the earliest form of the name may have been Aranrot, in which case the first part of the name would be related to "Aran."[1]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Triad 35. Bromwich, Trioedd Ynys Prydein, pp. 284–285.
^ Jump up to: a b MacKillop, Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology, p. 24.
Jump up ^ Proto-Celtic—English lexicon and English—Proto-Celtic lexicon. University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. (See also this page for background and disclaimers.) Cf. also the University of Leiden database Archived February 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine..


document_title: List of most expensive paintings

question_text: what is the most expensive van gogh painting

text: List of most expensive paintings

text: Background[edit]

text: The world's most famous paintings, especially old master works done before 1803, are generally owned or held at museums, for viewing by patrons. The museums very rarely sell them, and as such, they are quite literally priceless. Guinness World Records lists the Mona Lisa as having the highest insurance value for a painting in history. On permanent display at The Louvre museum in Paris, the Mona Lisa was assessed at US$100 million on December 14, 1962. Taking inflation into account, the 1962 value would be around US$790 million in 2016.[1]

text: The earliest sale on the list below (Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh) is from March 1987; with a price of £24.75 million (£62.8 million in current value) it tripled the previous record and introduced a new era in top art sales. Before this, the highest absolute price paid for a painting was £8.1 million (£18.0 million in current value) paid by the J. Paul Getty Museum for Mantegna's Adoration of the Magi at Christie's in London on April 18, 1985.[2] In constant dollars, the highest price paid before 1987 was by the National Gallery of Art when in February 1967 they acquired Leonardo da Vinci's Ginevra de' Benci for around $5 million ($36 million in current dollars) from the Princely Family of Liechtenstein. The sale of Van Gogh's Sunflowers was also significant in that for the first time a "modern" (in this case 1888) painting became the record holder, as opposed to the old master paintings which previously had dominated the market. In contrast, there are currently only nine pre-1875 paintings among the listed top 79, and no works painted between 1635 and 1874.

text: An exceptional case is graffiti artist David Choe, who accepted payment in shares for painting graffiti art in the headquarters of a fledgling Facebook. While his shares were of limited value when he was awarded them, by the time of Facebook's IPO they were valued at around $200m.[3]

text: Van Gogh, Picasso, and Warhol[edit]

text: Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, and Andy Warhol are by far the best represented artists in the list. Whereas Picasso and Warhol became wealthy men, Van Gogh (supposedly) sold only one painting in his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, for 400 francs (about $1800 in 2011) to the impressionist painter and heiress Anna Boch.[4] His seven paintings in the list below alone were sold for over 730 million current dollars.

text: Interactive graph[edit]

text: List of highest prices paid[edit]

text: This list is ordered by consumer price index inflation-adjusted value (in bold) in millions of United States dollars in the current year.[note 1] Where necessary, the price is first converted to dollars using the exchange rate at the time the painting was sold. The inflation adjustment may change as recent inflation rates are often revised. A list in another currency may be in a slightly different order due to exchange rate fluctuations. Paintings are only listed once, i.e. for the highest price sold.

text:
Adjusted price
(in millions)
Original price
(in millions)
Painting
Image
Artist
Year
Date of sale
Rank
at sale
Seller
Buyer
Auction house

~$303
~$300
Interchange

de Kooning, Willem !Willem de Kooning
1955
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
1
David Geffen Foundation
Kenneth C. Griffin
Private sale[5]

$266 +
$250 + [note 2]
The Card Players

Cezanne, Paul !Paul Cézanne
1892/93
000000002011-04-01-0000April 2011
1
George Embiricos
State of Qatar
Private sale [6][7][8]

$212
$210 [9]
Nafea Faa Ipoipo
(When Will You Marry?)

Gaugin, Paul !Paul Gauguin
1892
000000002014-09-01-0000September 2014
2
Rudolf Staechelin family
State of Qatar
Private sale[10]

~$202
~$200
Number 17A

Pollock, Jackson !Jackson Pollock
1948
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
4
David Geffen Foundation
Kenneth C. Griffin
Private sale[5]

$188
$186
(€140)
No. 6 (Violet, Green and Red)

Rothko, Mark !Mark Rothko
1951
000000002014-08-01-0000August 2014
2
Cherise Moueix
Dmitry Rybolovlev
Private sale via
Yves Bouvier [11]

$182
$180
(€160M
for pair)
Pendant portraits of
Maerten Soolmans
and Oopjen Coppit

Rembrandt !Rembrandt
1634
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
4
Éric de Rothschild
Rijksmuseum
Louvre
Private sale
[12]

$181.2
$179.4
Les Femmes d'Alger
("Version O")

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1955
000000002015-05-11-0000May 11, 2015
4
Private collection
Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani[13]
Christie's, New York.[14]

$172.2
$170.4
Nu Couché

Modigliani, Amedeo !Amedeo Modigliani
1917/18
000000002015-11-09-0000November 9, 2015
6
Laura Mattioli Rossi
Liu Yiqian [15]
Christie's, New York.[16]

$166.3
$140
No. 5, 1948

Pollock, Jackson !Jackson Pollock
1948
000000002006-11-02-0000November 2, 2006
1
David Geffen
David Martinez
Private sale via Sotheby's[17]

$165.0
$165.0
Masterpiece

Lichtenstein, Roy !Roy Lichtenstein
1962
January 2017
10
Agnes Gund[18][19]
Steven A. Cohen[20]
Private sale

$163.4
$137.5
Woman III

de Kooning, Willem !Willem de Kooning
1953
000000002006-11-18-0000November 18, 2006
2
David Geffen
Steven A. Cohen
Private sale via Larry Gagosian[21]

$160.4
$135
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I

Klimt, Gustav !Gustav Klimt
1907
000000002006-06-18-0000June 18, 2006
1
Maria Altmann
Ronald Lauder, Neue Galerie
Private sale via Christie's[22]

$159.4
$155
Le Rêve

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1932
000000002013-03-26-0000March 26, 2013
5
Steve Wynn
Steven A. Cohen
Private sale[23]

$151.2
$82.5
Portrait of Dr. Gachet

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1890
000000001990-05-15-0000May 15, 1990
1
Siegfried Kramarsky
family
Ryoei Saito[note 3]
Christie's, New York

$150.0
$150
Adele Bloch-Bauer II

Klimt, Gustav !Gustav Klimt
1912
000000002016-01-01-00002016
14
Oprah Winfrey
unidentified buyer in China
Private sale via Larry Gagosian[26]

$146.4
$142.4
Three Studies of Lucian Freud

Bacon, Francis !Francis Bacon
1969
000000002013-11-12-0000November 12, 2013
7
[note 4]
Elaine Wynn, ex-wife of Steve Wynn[29]
Christie's, New York[30]

$143.2
$78.1
Bal du moulin de la Galette
[note 5]

Renoir, Pierre-Auguste !Pierre-Auguste Renoir
1876
000000001990-05-17-0000May 17, 1990
2
Betsey Whitney
Ryoei Saito [note 6]
Sotheby's, New York

$132.1
$104.2
Garçon à la pipe

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1905
000000002004-05-05-0000May 5, 2004
3
Greentree foundation
(Whitney family)
Barilla Group?[31]
Sotheby's, New York[32]

$131.1
$127.5
Salvator Mundi

Leonardo da Vinci !Attributed to
Leonardo da Vinci
1490-1519
000000002013-05-01-0000May 2013
9
Robert Simon
Dmitry Rybolovlev
Private sale via
Yves Bouvier[11][33]

$125.1
$119.9
The Scream [note 7]

Munch, Edvard !Edvard Munch
1895
000000002012-05-02-0000May 2, 2012
8
Petter Olsen
Leon Black[34]
Sotheby's, New York

$123
$118
Reclining Nude With Blue Cushion

Modigliani, Amedeo !Amedeo Modigliani
1917
000000002012-01-01-00002012
8
Steven A. Cohen
Dmitry Rybolovlev
Private sale via Yves Bouvier [11]

$120.8
$110.0
Flag [note 8]

Johns, Jasper !Jasper Johns
1954
000000002010-03-01-0000March 2010
7
Jean-Christophe Castelli
Steven A. Cohen
Private sale, estimated price[35]

$116.9
$106.5
Nude, Green Leaves and Bust

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1932
000000002010-05-04-0000May 4, 2010
8
Frances Lasker Brody estate
Leonard Blavatnik?[36][37]
Christie's, New York[38]

$115.9
$58 plus
exchange of
works [note 9]
Portrait of Joseph Roulin

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1889
000000001989-08-01-0000August 1, 1989
1
Private collection, Zürich
Museum of Modern Art New York
Private sale via
Thomas Ammann,
Fine Art Zurich[39]

$113.6
$53.9
Irises

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1889
000000001987-11-11-0000November 11, 1987
1
son of Joan Whitney Payson
Alan Bond [note 10]
Sotheby's, New York

$113.1
$95.2
Dora Maar au Chat

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1941
000000002006-05-03-0000May 3, 2006
5
Gidwitz family
Boris Ivanishvili[40]
Sotheby's, New York[41]

$111.2
$100.0
Eight Elvises

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1963
000000002008-10-01-0000October 2008
10
Annibale Berlingieri
Possibly the State of Qatar[42][43]
Private sale via Philippe Ségalot[44]

$110.5
$110.5
Untitled

Basquiat !Jean-Michel Basquiat
1982
000000002017-05-18-0000May 18, 2017
28

Yusaku Maezawa
Sotheby’s, New York [45]

$108.7 +
$105.7 + [note 11]
(¥10,300)
Anna's Light

Newman, Barnett !Barnett Newman
1968
000000002013-10-04-0000October 4, 2013
18
DIC Corp.

Private sale[46][47][48]

$108.4
$105.4
Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1963
000000002013-11-13-0000November 13, 2013
20

Sotheby's, New York[49]

$105.1
$71.5
Portrait de l'artiste sans barbe

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1889
000000001998-11-19-0000November 19, 1998
5
Heirs of Jacques Koerfer (de)

Christie's, New York

$103
$100
La Montagne Sainte-Victoire
vue du bosquet du Château Noir

Cezanne, Paul !Paul Cézanne
1904
000000002013-01-01-00002013 [note 12]
20
Edsel and Eleanor Ford House
State of Qatar [50]
Private sale[51][52]

$102.1
$76.7
(£49.5)
Massacre of the Innocents

Rubens, Peter Paul !Peter Paul Rubens
1611
000000002002-07-10-0000July 10, 2002
6
an Austrian family
Kenneth Thomson[note 13]
Sotheby's, London

$96.4
$95.4
Nurse

Lichtenstein, Roy !Roy Lichtenstein
1964
000000002015-11-09-0000November 9, 2015
30

Christie's, New York.[16]

$96.0
$86.3
Triptych, 1976

Bacon, Francis !Francis Bacon
1976
000000002008-05-14-0000May 14, 2008
13
Moueix family [54]
Roman Abramovich[55]
Sotheby's, New York[56]

$95.3
$49.3
(F300)
Les Noces de Pierrette

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1905
000000001989-11-30-0000November 30, 1989
3
Fredrik Roos (sv)[57]
Tomonori Tsurumaki
Binoche et Godeau Paris

$95.0
$80.0
False Start

Johns, Jasper !Jasper Johns
1959
000000002006-10-12-0000October 12, 2006
11
David Geffen
Kenneth C. Griffin
Private sale via Richard Gray.[58]

$94.5
$57
A Wheatfield with Cypresses

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1889
000000001993-05-01-0000May 1993
6
son of Emil Georg Bührle
Walter H. Annenberg [note 14]
Private sale via Steven Mazoh

$92.5
$47.8
Yo, Picasso

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1901
000000001989-05-09-0000May 9, 1989
2
Wendell Cherry
Stavros Niarchos
Sotheby's, New York

$92.4
$80.0
Turquoise Marilyn

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1964
000000002007-05-20-0000May 20, 2007
17
Stefan Edlis
Steven A. Cohen
Private sale via Larry Gagosian[59]

$91.1
$70.0
Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos,
Marquis of Vasto,
in Armor with a Page

Titian
1533
000000002003-11-01-0000November 2003
10
AXA insurance company
Getty Museum
Private sale via
Hervé Aaron [60][61]

$90.6
$86.9
Orange, Red, Yellow

Rothko, Mark !Mark Rothko
1961
000000002012-05-08-0000May 8, 2012
26
Estate of David Pincus

Christie's, New York[62]

$89.6
$80.5
(£40.9)
Le Bassin aux Nymphéas

Monet, Claude !Claude Monet
1919
000000002008-06-24-0000June 24, 2008
20
J. Irwin and Xenia S. Miller

Christie's, London[63]

$87.0
$60.5
Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier

Cezanne, Paul !Paul Cézanne
1894
000000001999-05-10-0000May 10, 1999
9
Whitney Family [note 15]

Sotheby's, New York

$85.1
$84.2
Black Fire I

Newman, Barnett !Barnett Newman
1961
000000002014-05-13-0000May 13, 2014
35
Private Collection
Anonymous
Christie's, New York.[65]

$84.1
$72.8
White Center (Yellow, Pink
and Lavender on Rose)

Rothko, Mark !Mark Rothko
1950
000000002007-05-15-0000May 15, 2007
19
David Rockefeller, Sr.
Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani [66]
Sotheby's, New York[67]

$83.6
$39.7
(£24.75)
Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1888
000000001987-03-30-0000March 30, 1987
1
Helen Beatty,
daughter-in-law of
Chester Beatty
Yasuo Goto, Yasuda Comp.
Christie's, London

$82.9
$81.9
Triple Elvis

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1963
000000002014-11-12-0000November 12, 2014
40
WestSpiel (de) [68]

Christie's, New York [69]

$82.8
$71.7
Green Car Crash
(Green Burning Car I)

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1963
000000002007-05-16-0000May 16, 2007
21
Private collection, Zürich
Philip Niarchos
Christie's, New York[70]

$82.8
$81.9
No. 10

Rothko, Mark !Mark Rothko
1958
000000002015-05-13-0000May 13, 2015
43

Christie's, New York[71][72]

$81.4
$81.4
Meule

Monet Claude !Claude Monet
1891
000000002016-11-16-0000November 16, 2016
49

Christie's, New York[73]

$81.7
$80.8
Three Studies for a
Portrait of John Edwards

Bacon, Francis !Francis Bacon
1984
000000002014-05-13-0000May 13, 2014
39
Private Collection
Anonymous
Christie's, New York.[65]

~$80
~$75
(€50-60) [note 16]
Darmstadt Madonna

Holbein, Hans !Hans Holbein
1526
000000002011-07-12-0000July 12, 2011
29
Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse
Reinhold Würth
Private sale via
Christoph Graf Douglas[74]

$78.8
$70.6
(£50)
Diana and Actaeon

Titian
1556–1559
000000002009-02-01-0000February 1, 2009
26
Duke of Sutherland
National Galleries of Scotland
& National Gallery, London
Private sale[75][76][77]

$78.6
$40.7
Au Lapin Agile

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1904
000000001989-11-27-0000November 27, 1989
5
daughter of Joan Whitney Payson
Walter H. Annenberg
Sotheby's, New York

$78.5
$68
The Gross Clinic

Eakins, Thomas !Thomas Eakins
1875
000000002007-04-12-0000April 12, 2007
21
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Private sale[78]

$78.4
$75.1
No 1 (Royal Red and Blue)

Rothko, Mark !Mark Rothko
1954
000000002012-11-13-0000November 13, 2012
36
John and Anne Marion

Sotheby's, New York[79]

$78.0
$38.5
(£20.9)
Acrobate et jeune arlequin
[note 17]

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1905
000000001988-11-28-0000November 28, 1988
3
Heir of Roger Janssen?
[note 18]
Mitsukoshi
Christie's, London

$76.5
$55.0
Femme aux Bras Croisés

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1902
000000002000-11-08-0000November 8, 2000
13
McCormick family, Chicago

Christie's, New York[80]

$75.7
$69.0
Nude Sitting on a Divan
("La Belle Romaine")

Modigliani, Amedeo !Amedeo Modigliani
1917
000000002010-11-02-0000November 2, 2010
33
Halit Cıngıllıoglu[81]

Sotheby's, New York[82]

$75.4
$63.5
Police Gazette[83]

de Kooning, Willem !Willem de Kooning
1955
000000002006-10-12-0000October 12, 2006
20
David Geffen
Steven A. Cohen
Private sale via Richard Gray.[58]

$74.8
$71.7
(£45)
Diana and Callisto

Titian
1556–1559
000000002012-03-02-0000March 2, 2012
38
Duke of Sutherland
National Galleries of Scotland
& National Gallery, London
Private sale [84]

$71.3
$70.5
Untitled (New York City)

Twombly, Cy !Cy Twombly
1968
000000002015-11-11-0000November 11, 2015
61
Family of Sydney M. Irmas

Christie's, New York [85]

$71.2
$49.5
Femme assise dans un jardin

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1938
000000001999-11-10-0000November 10, 1999
13
Robert Saidenberg [note 19] [87]

Sotheby's, New York

$70.9
$47.5
Peasant Woman Against
a Background of Wheat

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1890
000000001997-01-01-00001997
12

Steve Wynn[note 20]
Private sale via
Acquavella Galleries Inc.,
New York[89]

$70.4
$69.6
Untitled

Twombly, Cy !Cy Twombly
1970
000000002014-11-12-0000November 12, 2014
55
Nicola del Roscio [68]

Christie's, New York [90]

$70.4
$69.6
Four Marlons

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1966
000000002014-11-12-0000November 12, 2014
55
WestSpiel [68]

Christie's, New York [91]

$69.7
$65.5
(¥425.5)
Eagle Standing on Pine Tree[92]

Qi Baishi
1946
000000002011-05-22-0000May 22, 2011
38
Liu Yiqian
Hunan TV & Broadcast
Intermediary Co[93]
China Guardian Auctions

$69.6
$63.4
Men in Her Life

Warhol, Andy !Andy Warhol
1962
000000002010-11-08-0000November 8, 2010
37
Jose Mugrabi
Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani [94]
Phillips de Pury & Company[95]

$68.2
$67.45
La Gommeuse

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1901
000000002015-11-05-0000November 5, 2015
63
William I. Koch

Sotheby's, New York.[96][97]

$68.1
$67.4
Buste de femme
(Femme à la résille)

Picasso, Pablo !Pablo Picasso
1938
000000002015-05-11-0000May 11, 2015
59
Steve Wynn
Joseph Lau[98]
Christie's, New York.[14]

$68.0
$35.2
Portrait of a Halberdier

Pontormo
1537
000000001989-05-31-0000May 31, 1989
5
Chauncey Stillman
Getty Museum
Christie's, New York

$67.0
$66.3
L’Allée des Alyscamps

Gogh, Vincent van !Vincent van Gogh
1888
000000002015-05-05-0000May 5, 2015
60

Sotheby's, New York[99]

$66.3
$66.3
Untitled XXV

De Kooning !Willem de Kooning
1977
000000002016-11-15-0000November 15, 2016
70

Christie's, New York[100]

$67.0
$66.2
Untitled

Rothko, Mark !Mark Rothko
1952
000000002014-05-13-0000May 13, 2014
54
Private Collection
Anonymous
Christie's, New York.[65]

$66.7
$60.0
Suprematist Composition

Malevich, Kazimir !Kazimir Malevich
1916
000000002008-11-03-0000November 3, 2008
34
Heirs of Kazimir Malevich

Sotheby's, New York[101]

$66.1
$62.1
(¥402.5)
Zhichuan Resettlement[102]

Wang Meng
1350
000000002011-06-04-0000June 4, 2011
42

Beijing Poly Auction

$65.9
$65.1
Spring (Le Printemps)

Manet, Edouard !Édouard Manet
1881
000000002014-11-05-0000November 5, 2014
57

Getty Museum
Christie's, New York[103]


document_title: Breaking Bad (season 2)

question_text: in what episode does jane die breaking bad

text: Breaking Bad (season 2)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Bryan Cranston as Walter White
Anna Gunn as Skyler White
Aaron Paul as Jesse Pinkman
Dean Norris as Hank Schrader
Betsy Brandt as Marie Schrader
RJ Mitte as Walter White, Jr.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Krysten Ritter as Jane Margolis
Steven Michael Quezada as Steven Gomez
Charles Baker as Skinny Pete
Christopher Cousins as Ted Beneke
Matt L. Jones as Badger
Bob Odenkirk as Saul Goodman
John de Lancie as Donald Margolis
Tom Kiesche as Clovis
Rodney Rush as Combo
Michael Shamus Wiles as George Merkert
Raymond Cruz as Tuco Salamanca
Giancarlo Esposito as Gustavo "Gus" Fring
Tess Harper as Mrs. Pinkman
Mark Margolis as Hector Salamanca aka "Tio"
Sam McMurray as Dr. Victor Bravenec
Carmen Serano as Principal Carmen Molina
Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut
Jeremiah Bitsui as Victor
Nigel Gibbs as APD Detective Tim Roberts
Jessica Hecht as Gretchen Schwartz
Danny Trejo as Tortuga

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The titles of the first, fourth, tenth, and thirteenth episodes form a sentence which reveals an event that takes place in the season finale (Seven Thirty-Seven Down Over ABQ). These episodes all include a mysterious opening teaser in black and white, featuring a scorched pink teddy bear floating in Walt's pool.[2]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)81"Seven Thirty-Seven"Bryan CranstonJ. RobertsMarch 8, 2009 (2009-03-08)1.66[3]
Having completed their deal with Tuco in the junkyard, Walt and Jesse realize how unhinged and violent he can become. Both Walt and Jesse are shaken by an ominous, black SUV. Jesse's solution is to shoot Tuco before he kills them, but Walt has a more clandestine plan using ricin. Panic sets in when they think Tuco is killing his own associates. Hank reviews the security surveillance footage of the warehouse break-in without realizing it's Walt and Jesse. Skyler tells Hank about Marie's shoplifting, and learns she is getting therapy for kleptomania. Tuco kidnaps Jesse and Walt.
92"Grilled"Charles HaidGeorge MastrasMarch 15, 2009 (2009-03-15)1.60[4]
Having been kidnapped by a crazed Tuco, Walt and Jesse are held prisoner by him in a desert shack where he often hides out and takes care of his sick uncle, who was once a drug kingpin but now is incapacitated because of a stroke, but can communicate with a bell. Walt's brother-in-law Hank and the DEA have rolled Tuco's entire organization, and Tuco thinks that one of his associates ratted him out. Walt unsuccessfully tries to feed Tuco the poison he prepared. Hank, meanwhile, takes a bit of time off to look for Walt. Skyler is sick with worry and has been distributing handbills with Walt's photo. Hank remembers that Jesse Pinkman was Walt's source of marijuana and tries to track him down. Using his bell to communicate, Tuco's mute wheelchair-bound uncle alerts him to the fact that his prisoners are up to something. Tuco takes them outside and plans to kill them. Walt and Jesse manage to wound Tuco and escape. Hank shows up looking for Jesse, and is confronted by a wounded Tuco. A brief firefight ensues and Hank shoots Tuco dead.
103"Bit by a Dead Bee"Terry McDonoughPeter GouldMarch 22, 2009 (2009-03-22)1.13[5]
Having gotten away from Tuco, Walt and Jesse now have to get home and explain where they have been. Walt has a plan and they split up. He goes to a supermarket and takes off all of his clothes while walking around the aisles. He is hospitalized and claims to have no memory of where he has been for the last few days. Jesse returns to his house to clean out the basement and get rid of the RV. When the DEA track him down, he claims that he has been shacked up with a prostitute for the weekend. The police don't believe him and think they know how to nail him: they bring in Tuco's uncle to identify him, but he refuses to cooperate with the authorities.
114"Down"John DahlSam CatlinMarch 29, 2009 (2009-03-29)1.29[6]
Walt and Jesse appear to be in the clear, but Jesse has no money and Walt can't leave the house to cook meth without Skyler's wondering where he is. Jesse's parents are still fed up with him and his drug use, so they order him out of the house—it turns out they own it, not Jesse. He finds himself without a place to stay or any friends who will put him up for the night. He ends up tracking down his RV and spends the night in it. Walt's overly correct behavior sets Skyler off on a binge of not telling him anything about what she is up to or whom she is seeing. She is fed up with Walt's behavior and wants to know what is really going on.
125"Breakage"Johan RenckMoira Walley-BeckettApril 5, 2009 (2009-04-05)1.21[7]
Walt continues his treatment and is starting to feel better but is concerned at the growing medical bills. Jesse begins to re-establish himself, paying off his debts and getting a new place to live. He develops an interest in his new next-door neighbor and landlord Jane Margolis. Walt and Jesse soon rev up the RV and are cooking again. Jesse's not keen on selling the stuff on the street and suggests he and Walt take over Tuco's role as a distributor. Hank and the DEA have come across the name Heisenberg and aren't sure if he is real or just an urban legend. Hank is promoted and soon appointed to a tri-state drug task force, however he may have health issues of his own. Skinny Pete (one of Jesse's dealers) has been ripped off by a drug-addicted couple, and Walt has made it known to Jesse that unless he does something about it, word will get around pretty quickly that Jesse and his crew are an easy mark.
136"Peekaboo"Peter MedakJ. Roberts & Vince GilliganApril 12, 2009 (2009-04-12)1.41[8]
Jesse decides to confront the couple who ripped off Skinny Pete. He soon realizes that he isn't a very effective enforcer, and finds himself in over his head. Walt goes back to work, but not all is going smoothly. Walt's story starts to unravel when Skyler gets a call from Gretchen Schwartz and Skyler thanks her for paying for Walt's treatment. Gretchen doesn't reveal the truth, but Walt's bitterness at their past relationship—personal and business—comes out. Jesse has been overpowered and held hostage by the drug-addicted couple, but the female addict kills her partner, Spooge, by unbalancing a stolen ATM he is working on, crushing his head in retaliation for his repeatedly calling her a "skank". Jesse recovers the meth and cash from the ATM, calls the police and flees the scene.
147"Negro y Azul"Felix AlcalaJohn ShibanApril 19, 2009 (2009-04-19)N/A
Walt has trouble getting in touch with Jesse, who's been avoiding him since his encounter with Spooge. Jesse is also not providing product to his dealers, so Walt arranges to deliver it. He learns that the word on the street is that Jesse killed Spooge and, due to his new reputation as a cold-blooded killer, they're having no problem at all collecting payment. Walt decides the time has come to expand their territory and put Jesse's new reputation to good use. Skyler decides to get a job and goes back to her old employer. Hank starts his new job on the task force. He has told his wife Marie it's just a desk job, but he is on the front lines and very soon learns just how dangerous it can be.
158"Better Call Saul"Terry McDonoughPeter GouldApril 26, 2009 (2009-04-26)1.04[9]
Walt and Jesse have yet another problem to deal with when one of their dealers, Jesse's friend Badger, is arrested by the Albuquerque police. They end up hiring a shady lawyer, Saul Goodman, who has a unique way of ensuring that Badger gets off with a light sentence without having to give away Jesse or Walt's identity. As Walt learns however, it may come at a very high price. Following the bombing in Juarez, Hank returns to his old job as a DEA Agent and is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. He puts on a brave face but is having trouble just getting out of bed in the morning. Walt decides to cheer him up and tells him to move on. Through a private investigator, Saul tracks down Walt at the school and offers his services for a cut of the profit.
169"4 Days Out"Michelle MacLarenSam CatlinMay 3, 2009 (2009-05-03)N/A
Walt is convinced that his medical condition is deteriorating. He continues to have coughing fits and is now coughing up blood. After his attorney/adviser Saul crunches the numbers, Walt realizes that there isn't much money left for his family. With an excuse of visiting his mother, he and Jesse set off for the desert for a marathon cooking session over an extended weekend. Jesse continues to cause trouble for them, this time by leaving the keys in the ignition and inadvertently draining the RV's battery. They find themselves stuck in the middle of the desert, cold and without food and water. Walt's knowledge of chemistry again saves the day.
1710"Over"Phil AbrahamMoira Walley-BeckettMay 10, 2009 (2009-05-10)N/A
Despite the good news about his condition, Walt is feeling out of sorts and is generally unhappy, verging on anger. Skyler decides to throw a party to celebrate the news and thank all of their friends for their support, but Walt gets drunk and then into an argument with Hank that puts a damper on things. He is embarrassed about his behavior and tries to make amends all around, but it's proving to be a challenge. He tries to channel his energies but eventually realizes what the problem is. Walt also tells Jesse the good news and tells him that he is finished with their little enterprise. Jesse's relationship with Jane continues to grow, but he is taken aback when her father drops in to see her and she doesn't introduce him as her boyfriend. The ensuing confrontation clarifies their relationship.
1811"Mandala"Adam BernsteinGeorge MastrasMay 17, 2009 (2009-05-17)N/A
After one of their dealers is murdered by a rival gang, Saul proposes new distribution method for Walt and Jesse's product. Under stress, Jesse tells Jane what he does. Saul puts Walt in touch with a meth distributor named Gus, who agrees to purchase Walt's product. However, Gus expresses concern about Jesse's drug problem, which has escalated into heroin use due to Jane's relapse. Skyler finds out that her boss at work, Ted, has been stealing from the firm, but due to their past relationship, she decides not to report it. Walt receives a large offer for the short-notice delivery of the remainder of their inventory, but at the same time receives a call from Skyler, notifying him of her imminent labor.
1912"Phoenix"Colin BuckseyJohn ShibanMay 24, 2009 (2009-05-24)N/A
Walt delivers the inventory in time, but misses his daughter's birth. Jesse confronts Walt about his share of the payment, but Walt refuses to disburse the funds until Jesse can prove his sobriety. Jesse and Jane's addiction is discovered by Jane's father, Donald, who agrees to give her one day to settle her affairs before going to rehab. In an effort to minimize the cost of Walt's upcoming surgery, Walt Jr. sets up a website to gather donations for his father's medical expenses. It is quickly used by Saul as a way to forward Walt's earnings without raising suspicion. After discovering Jesse's payday, Jane blackmails Walt into delivering Jesse's share. By chance, Walt goes to a bar and meets Jane's father. Later, Walt returns to Jesse's to attempt to make amends and to help him break his addiction. He finds Jesse and Jane passed out in bed after a drug binge, both lying on their sides. He tries to shake Jesse conscious and as he does so, Jane flops over onto her back. Jane vomits and begins to suffocate. Although the episode has established that Walt knows exactly what to do in such an emergency, he simply stands and watches his would-be blackmailer die.
2013"ABQ"Adam BernsteinVince GilliganMay 31, 2009 (2009-05-31)1.50[10]
Jesse awakens, discovers Jane is dead, and reaches out to Walt. Walt contacts Saul, who sends his PI/cleaner Mike (Jonathan Banks) to mitigate Jesse's involvement with Jane's death. Blaming himself for Jane's death, Jesse is distraught and runs away. Walter soon locates Jesse in a crack house and takes him to rehab. Walt's funds are funneled into his son's website, which attracts the attention of the media, causing him to be overcome with guilt. Walt's secretive behavior becomes a problem once again when he accidentally references a second cell phone while under the initial effects of anesthesia moments before his surgery. This prompts Skyler to investigate deeper, thereby revealing many of Walt's lies, which spurs her to leave him. Jane's father, an air traffic controller, distraught from his daughter's death (which Walt deliberately refused to prevent), causes a mid-air collision between two airliners in the sky above Albuquerque, resulting in debris and human remains raining down onto the Whites' residence, as well as much of the city.

text: Production[edit]

text: The writers of Breaking Bad planned the storyline for the entire season in advance of filming and knew how the season would end right from the beginning. That differed from subsequent seasons, in which the writers did not have a complete plan and developed the storyline as the episodes progressed. Series creator Vince Gilligan said of season two, "That came about through many, many hours of beating our heads against the wall – very laborious work, which is probably why we haven't repeated that formula since."[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: Breaking Bad's original score is composed by Dave Porter. The show also uses music from other recording artists with music supervision by Thomas Golubić. Select songs from Season 2 are featured on the Breaking Bad Soundtrack available through iTunes and Amazon.com.[12]

text: Home video releases[edit]

text: The second season was released on DVD in Region 1 and Blu-ray in Region A on March 16, 2010.[1] It was released on DVD in Region 2 on July 26, 2010[13] and in Region 4 on February 8, 2010.[14]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews[edit]

text: The second season of Breaking Bad received very positive reviews from critics, scoring 85 out of 100 on Metacritic.[15] Entertainment Weekly critic Ken Tucker stated "Bad is a superlatively fresh metaphor for a middle-age crisis: It took cancer and lawbreaking to jolt Walt out of his suburban stupor, to experience life again—to take chances, risk danger, do things he didn't think himself capable of doing. None of this would work, of course, without Emmy winner Cranston's ferocious, funny selflessness as an actor. For all its bleakness and darkness, there's  a glowing exhilaration about this series: It's a feel-good show about feeling really bad."[16] San Francisco Chronicle's Tim Goodman claimed "The first three episodes of Season 2 that AMC sent out continue that level of achievement with no evident missteps. In fact, it looks as if Gilligan's bold vision for Breaking Bad, now duly rewarded against all odds, has invigorated everyone involved in the project. You can sense its maturity and rising ambition in each episode."[17] Horror novelist Stephen King lauded the series, comparing it to Twin Peaks and Blue Velvet.[18]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The second season received numerous awards and nominations, including five Primetime Emmy Award nominations with two wins. Bryan Cranston won his second consecutive award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Lynne Willingham won her second consecutive award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series for "ABQ". The series received its first nomination for Outstanding Drama Series, Aaron Paul received his first nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, and Michael Slovis was nominated for Outstanding Cinematography for a One Hour Series for "ABQ".[19]

text: Cranston won the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama, with the series being nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Drama. Cranston won his second consecutive Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series, with the series winning the award for Best Drama Series. Aaron Paul won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television, with the series winning the award for Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series. The series received two Writers Guild of America Award nominations, for Best Drama Series, and John Shiban for Best Episodic Drama for "Phoenix".[19]


document_title: List of presidents of the United States by age

question_text: who was the oldest serving president of the united states

text: Age of U.S. presidents[edit]

text: The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.

text: Assassinated three years into his term, John F. Kennedy was the youngest at the time of leaving office (46 years, 177 days); the youngest president to leave office at the conclusion of a normal transition was Theodore Roosevelt (50 years, 128 days). The oldest at the time of leaving office was Ronald Reagan (77 years, 349 days).

text: Born on May 29, 1917, John F. Kennedy was younger than four of his successors, the greatest number to date: Lyndon Johnson (8 years, 9 months, and 2 days); Ronald Reagan (6 years, 3 months, and 23 days); Richard Nixon (4 years, 4 months, and 16 days); and Gerald Ford (3 years, 10 months, and 15 days).

text: Born on February 6, 1911, Ronald Reagan was older than four of his predecessors, the greatest number to date: Richard Nixon (1 year, 11 months, and 7 days); Gerald Ford (2 years, 5 months, and 8 days); John F. Kennedy (6 years, 3 months, and 23 days); and Jimmy Carter (13 years, 7 months, and 25 days).

text: Three presidents—Donald Trump, George W. Bush, and Bill Clinton—were born in 1946 (all within the span of 9 weeks). This is the only calendar year in which three presidents have been born. Two presidents—James K. Polk and Warren G. Harding—were born on November 2 (70 years apart). This is the only day of the year having the birthday of multiple presidents.[1]

text: The oldest living U.S. president is George H. W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 94 years, 78 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest-lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 221 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 57 years, 25 days).

text: The shortest-lived president to have died by natural causes (thereby excluding John F. Kennedy and James A. Garfield, who were both assassinated) was James K. Polk, who died of cholera at the age of 53 years, 225 days; only 103 days after leaving office.

text: Six U.S. presidents have lived into their 90s, with two of them currently alive. They are (in order of birth):

text:
John Adams(aged 90 years, 247 days)

Herbert Hoover(aged 90 years, 71 days)

Ronald Reagan(aged 93 years, 120 days)

Gerald Ford(aged 93 years, 165 days)

George H. W. Bush(age 94 years, 78 days)

Jimmy Carter(age 93 years, 332 days)

text: Table[edit]

text:
President

Birthdate

Start of presidency

End of presidency

Post-presidency

Death

Date
Age
Date
Age
timespan
Date
Age

01 • George Washington

Feb 22, 1732[a]

Apr 30, 1789

7004208870000000000♠57 years, 67 days

Mar 4, 1797

7004237520000000000♠65 years, 10 days

7003101500000000000♠2 years, 285 days

Dec 14, 1799

7004247670000000000♠67 years, 295 days

02 • John Adams

Oct 30, 1735[a]

Mar 4, 1797

7004224060000000000♠61 years, 125 days

Mar 4, 1801

7004238660000000000♠65 years, 125 days

7003925300000000000♠25 years, 122 days

Jul 4, 1826

7004331190000000000♠90 years, 247 days

03 • Thomas Jefferson

Apr 13, 1743[a]

Mar 4, 1801

7004211440000000000♠57 years, 325 days

Mar 4, 1809

7004240660000000000♠65 years, 325 days

7003633100000000000♠17 years, 122 days

Jul 4, 1826

7004303970000000000♠83 years, 82 days

04 • James Madison

Mar 16, 1751[a]

Mar 4, 1809

7004211720000000000♠57 years, 353 days

Mar 4, 1817

7004240940000000000♠65 years, 353 days

7003705600000000000♠19 years, 116 days

Jun 28, 1836

7004311500000000000♠85 years, 104 days

05 • James Monroe

Apr 28, 1758

Mar 4, 1817

7004214940000000000♠58 years, 310 days

Mar 4, 1825

7004244160000000000♠66 years, 310 days

7003231300000000000♠6 years, 122 days

Jul 4, 1831

7004267290000000000♠73 years, 67 days

06 • John Q. Adams

Jul 11, 1767

Mar 4, 1825

7004210550000000000♠57 years, 236 days

Mar 4, 1829

7004225160000000000♠61 years, 236 days

7003693000000000000♠18 years, 356 days

Feb 23, 1848

7004294460000000000♠80 years, 227 days

07 • Andrew Jackson

Mar 15, 1767

Mar 4, 1829

7004226340000000000♠61 years, 354 days

Mar 4, 1837

7004255560000000000♠69 years, 354 days

7003301800000000000♠8 years, 96 days

Jun 8, 1845

7004285740000000000♠78 years, 85 days

08 • Martin Van Buren

Dec 5, 1782

Mar 4, 1837

7004198120000000000♠54 years, 89 days

Mar 4, 1841

7004212730000000000♠58 years, 89 days

7003781200000000000♠21 years, 142 days

Jul 24, 1862

7004290850000000000♠79 years, 231 days

09 • William H. Harrison

Feb 9, 1773

Mar 4, 1841

7004248590000000000♠68 years, 23 days

Apr 4, 1841[b]

7004248900000000000♠68 years, 54 days

00,0000 days

Apr 4, 1841

7004248900000000000♠68 years, 54 days

10 • John Tyler

Mar 29, 1790

Apr 4, 1841

7004186330000000000♠51 years, 6 days

Mar 4, 1845

7004200630000000000♠54 years, 340 days

7003616400000000000♠16 years, 320 days

Jan 18, 1862

7004262270000000000♠71 years, 295 days

11 • James K. Polk

Nov 2, 1795

Mar 4, 1845

7004180190000000000♠49 years, 122 days

Mar 4, 1849

7004194800000000000♠53 years, 122 days

7002103000000000000♠103 days

Jun 15, 1849

7004195830000000000♠53 years, 225 days

12 • Zachary Taylor

Nov 24, 1784

Mar 4, 1849

7004234750000000000♠64 years, 100 days

Jul 9, 1850[b]

7004239670000000000♠65 years, 227 days

00,0000 days

Jul 9, 1850

7004239670000000000♠65 years, 227 days

13 • Millard Fillmore

Jan 7, 1800

Jul 9, 1850

7004184450000000000♠50 years, 183 days

Mar 4, 1853

7004194140000000000♠53 years, 56 days

7003767400000000000♠21 years, 4 days

Mar 8, 1874

7004270880000000000♠74 years, 60 days

14 • Franklin Pierce

Nov 23, 1804

Mar 4, 1853

7004176330000000000♠48 years, 101 days

Mar 4, 1857

7004190940000000000♠52 years, 101 days

7003460100000000000♠12 years, 218 days

Oct 8, 1869

7004236950000000000♠64 years, 319 days

15 • James Buchanan

Apr 23, 1791

Mar 4, 1857

7004240560000000000♠65 years, 315 days

Mar 4, 1861

7004255170000000000♠69 years, 315 days

7003264600000000000♠7 years, 89 days

Jun 1, 1868

7004281630000000000♠77 years, 39 days

16 • Abraham Lincoln

Feb 12, 1809

Mar 4, 1861

7004190130000000000♠52 years, 20 days

Apr 15, 1865[b]

7004205160000000000♠56 years, 62 days

00,0000 days

Apr 15, 1865

7004205160000000000♠56 years, 62 days

17 • Andrew Johnson

Dec 29, 1808

Apr 15, 1865

7004205610000000000♠56 years, 107 days

Mar 4, 1869

7004219800000000000♠60 years, 65 days

7003234000000000000♠6 years, 149 days

Jul 31, 1875

7004243200000000000♠66 years, 214 days

18 • Ulysses S. Grant

Apr 27, 1822

Mar 4, 1869

7004171130000000000♠46 years, 311 days

Mar 4, 1877

7004200350000000000♠54 years, 311 days

7003306300000000000♠8 years, 141 days

Jul 23, 1885

7004230980000000000♠63 years, 87 days

19 • Rutherford B. Hayes

Oct 4, 1822

Mar 4, 1877

7004198750000000000♠54 years, 151 days

Mar 4, 1881

7004213360000000000♠58 years, 151 days

7003433700000000000♠11 years, 319 days

Jan 17, 1893

7004256730000000000♠70 years, 105 days

20 • James A. Garfield

Nov 19, 1831

Mar 4, 1881

7004180030000000000♠49 years, 105 days

Sep 19, 1881[b]

7004182020000000000♠49 years, 304 days

00,0000 days

Sep 19, 1881

7004182020000000000♠49 years, 304 days

21 • Chester A. Arthur

Oct 5, 1829

Sep 19, 1881

7004189770000000000♠51 years, 349 days

Mar 4, 1885

7004202390000000000♠55 years, 150 days

7002624000000000000♠1 year, 259 days

Nov 18, 1886

7004208630000000000♠57 years, 44 days

22 • Grover Cleveland

Mar 18, 1837

Mar 4, 1885

7004175180000000000♠47 years, 351 days

Mar 4, 1889

7004189790000000000♠51 years, 351 days

15 years, 112 days[c]

Jun 24, 1908

7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days

23 • Benjamin Harrison

Aug 20, 1833

Mar 4, 1889

7004202850000000000♠55 years, 196 days

Mar 4, 1893

7004217460000000000♠59 years, 196 days

7003293000000000000♠8 years, 9 days

Mar 13, 1901

7004246760000000000♠67 years, 205 days

24 • Grover Cleveland

Mar 18, 1837

Mar 4, 1893

7004204400000000000♠55 years, 351 days

Mar 4, 1897

7004219010000000000♠59 years, 351 days

15 years, 112 days[c]

Jun 24, 1908

7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days

25 • William McKinley

Jan 29, 1843

Mar 4, 1897

7004197580000000000♠54 years, 34 days

Sep 14, 1901[b]

7004214120000000000♠58 years, 228 days

00,0000 days

Sep 14, 1901

7004214120000000000♠58 years, 228 days

26 • Theodore Roosevelt

Oct 27, 1858

Sep 14, 1901

7004156620000000000♠42 years, 322 days

Mar 4, 1909

7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days

7003359500000000000♠9 years, 308 days

Jan 6, 1919

7004219850000000000♠60 years, 71 days

27 • William H. Taft

Sep 15, 1857

Mar 4, 1909

7004187970000000000♠51 years, 170 days

Mar 4, 1913

7004202580000000000♠55 years, 170 days

7003621300000000000♠17 years, 4 days

Mar 8, 1930

7004264710000000000♠72 years, 174 days

28 • Woodrow Wilson

Dec 28, 1856

Mar 4, 1913

7004205190000000000♠56 years, 66 days

Mar 4, 1921

7004234410000000000♠64 years, 66 days

7003106600000000000♠2 years, 336 days

Feb 3, 1924

7004245070000000000♠67 years, 37 days

29 • Warren G. Harding

Nov 2, 1865

Mar 4, 1921

7004202100000000000♠55 years, 122 days

Aug 2, 1923[b]

7004210910000000000♠57 years, 273 days

00,0000 days

Aug 2, 1923

7004210910000000000♠57 years, 273 days

30 • Calvin Coolidge

Jul 4, 1872

Aug 2, 1923

7004186550000000000♠51 years, 29 days

Mar 4, 1929

7004206960000000000♠56 years, 243 days

7003140300000000000♠3 years, 307 days

Jan 5, 1933

7004220990000000000♠60 years, 185 days

31 • Herbert Hoover

Aug 10, 1874

Mar 4, 1929

7004199290000000000♠54 years, 206 days

Mar 4, 1933

7004213900000000000♠58 years, 206 days

7004115530000000000♠31 years, 230 days

Oct 20, 1964

7004329430000000000♠90 years, 71 days

32 • Franklin D. Roosevelt

Jan 30, 1882

Mar 4, 1933

7004186600000000000♠51 years, 33 days

Apr 12, 1945[b]

7004230820000000000♠63 years, 72 days

00,0000 days

Apr 12, 1945

7004230820000000000♠63 years, 72 days

33 • Harry S. Truman

May 8, 1884

Apr 12, 1945

7004222530000000000♠60 years, 339 days

Jan 20, 1953

7004250930000000000♠68 years, 257 days

7003728000000000000♠19 years, 341 days

Dec 26, 1972

7004323730000000000♠88 years, 232 days

34 • Dwight D. Eisenhower

Oct 14, 1890

Jan 20, 1953

7004227430000000000♠62 years, 98 days

Jan 20, 1961

7004256650000000000♠70 years, 98 days

7003298900000000000♠8 years, 67 days

Mar 28, 1969

7004286540000000000♠78 years, 165 days

35 • John F. Kennedy

May 29, 1917

Jan 20, 1961

7004159420000000000♠43 years, 236 days

Nov 22, 1963[b]

7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days

00,0000 days

Nov 22, 1963

7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days

36 • Lyndon B. Johnson

Aug 27, 1908

Nov 22, 1963

7004201750000000000♠55 years, 87 days

Jan 20, 1969

7004220610000000000♠60 years, 146 days

7003146300000000000♠4 years, 2 days

Jan 22, 1973

7004235240000000000♠64 years, 148 days

37 • Richard Nixon

Jan 9, 1913

Jan 20, 1969

7004204650000000000♠56 years, 11 days

Aug 9, 1974[d]

7004224920000000000♠61 years, 212 days

7003719600000000000♠19 years, 256 days

Apr 22, 1994

7004296880000000000♠81 years, 103 days

38 • Gerald Ford

Jul 14, 1913

Aug 9, 1974

7004223060000000000♠61 years, 26 days

Jan 20, 1977

7004232010000000000♠63 years, 190 days

7004109320000000000♠29 years, 340 days

Dec 26, 2006

7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days

39 • Jimmy Carter

Oct 1, 1924

Jan 20, 1977

7004191040000000000♠52 years, 111 days

Jan 20, 1981

7004205650000000000♠56 years, 111 days

7004137350000000000♠37 years, 221 days

2018-08-29

7004343000000000000♠93 years, 332 days

40 • Ronald Reagan

Feb 6, 1911

Jan 20, 1981

7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days

Jan 20, 1989

7004284730000000000♠77 years, 349 days

7003561500000000000♠15 years, 137 days

Jun 5, 2004

7004340880000000000♠93 years, 120 days

41 • George H. W. Bush

Jun 12, 1924

Jan 20, 1989

7004235980000000000♠64 years, 222 days

Jan 20, 1993

7004250590000000000♠68 years, 222 days

7003935200000000000♠25 years, 221 days

2018-08-29

7004344110000000000♠94 years, 78 days

42 • Bill Clinton

Aug 19, 1946

Jan 20, 1993

7004169560000000000♠46 years, 154 days

Jan 20, 2001

7004198780000000000♠54 years, 154 days

7003643000000000000♠17 years, 221 days

2018-08-29

7004263080000000000♠72 years, 10 days

43 • George W. Bush

Jul 6, 1946

Jan 20, 2001

7004199220000000000♠54 years, 198 days

Jan 20, 2009

7004228440000000000♠62 years, 198 days

7003350800000000000♠9 years, 221 days

2018-08-29

7004263520000000000♠72 years, 54 days

44 • Barack Obama

Aug 4, 1961

Jan 20, 2009

7004173360000000000♠47 years, 169 days

Jan 20, 2017

7004202580000000000♠55 years, 169 days

7002586000000000000♠1 year, 221 days

2018-08-29

7004208440000000000♠57 years, 25 days

45 • Donald Trump

Jun 14, 1946

Jan 20, 2017

7004257880000000000♠70 years, 220 days

2018-08-29

7004288540000000000♠78 years, 364 days

2018-08-29

7004263740000000000♠72 years, 76 days

President

Birthdate

Date
Age

Date
Age

Post-presidency

Date
Age

Start of presidency

End of presidency

timespan

Death

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Birthdate as changed to New Style.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Died in office.

^ Jump up to: a b Cleveland was retired for 1,461 days between his two terms (1889–1893), and then another 4,129 days from the end of his 2nd term (1897) until his death (1908).

Jump up ^ Resigned from office.

text: Oldest living U.S. presidents[edit]

text: Of the 44 persons who have served as president, 24 have become the oldest such individual of their time. Herbert Hoover held this distinction for the longest period of any, from the death of Calvin Coolidge in January 1933 until his own death 31 years later. Lyndon B. Johnson held it for the shortest, from the death of Harry S. Truman in December 1972 until his own death only 27 days later.

text: On three occasions the oldest living president lost this distinction not by his death, but by the inauguration of a president who was older. Theodore Roosevelt (born 1858) lost this distinction when William Taft (born 1857) was inaugurated, then four years later Taft lost it when Woodrow Wilson (born 1856) was inaugurated. More recently, Richard Nixon (born 1913) ceased being the oldest living president when Ronald Reagan (born 1911) was inaugurated. Furthermore, although Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest ever to become both the oldest living president (at age 49) and a former president (at age 50), he was the only living president or former president by the end of his term. Consequently, Taft was the oldest living president twice: first during his presidency (having succeeded the younger Roosevelt), and a second time after Wilson (his successor as president but an older man) died. Gerald Ford was the oldest individual to acquire this distinction, at the age of 90.

text: On seven occasions, the oldest living president has acquired this distinction during his term in office. In the cases of John Adams, Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover and Richard Nixon, this happened at the same time as their becoming the only living president; in the cases of Andrew Jackson and Benjamin Harrison, the only other living president at the time was a younger predecessor (John Quincy Adams and Grover Cleveland respectively). By contrast, the president who acquired this distinction furthest from his time in office was Gerald Ford, who had been retired for 7003999800000000000♠27 years, 137 days.

text:
President

Dates

Age atstart date

Age atend date

Length

George Washington

April 30, 1789 – December 14, 1799

7004208870000000000♠57 years, 67 days

7004247670000000000♠67 years, 295 days

7003388000000000000♠10 years, 228 days

John Adams

December 14, 1799 – July 4, 1826

7004234210000000000♠64 years, 45 days

7004331190000000000♠90 years, 247 days

7003969800000000000♠26 years, 202 days

James Madison

July 4, 1826 – June 28, 1836

7004275030000000000♠75 years, 110 days

7004311500000000000♠85 years, 104 days

7003364700000000000♠9 years, 360 days

Andrew Jackson

June 28, 1836 – June 8, 1845

7004253070000000000♠69 years, 105 days

7004285740000000000♠78 years, 85 days

7003326700000000000♠8 years, 345 days

John Quincy Adams

June 8, 1845 – February 23, 1848

7004284560000000000♠77 years, 332 days

7004294460000000000♠80 years, 227 days

7002990000000000000♠2 years, 260 days

Martin Van Buren

February 23, 1848 – July 24, 1862

7004238200000000000♠65 years, 80 days

7004290850000000000♠79 years, 231 days

7003526500000000000♠14 years, 151 days

James Buchanan

July 24, 1862 – June 1, 1868

7004260240000000000♠71 years, 92 days

7004281630000000000♠77 years, 39 days

7003213900000000000♠5 years, 313 days

Millard Fillmore

June 1, 1868 – March 8, 1874

7004249820000000000♠68 years, 146 days

7004270880000000000♠74 years, 60 days

7003210600000000000♠5 years, 280 days

Andrew Johnson

March 8, 1874 – July 31, 1875

7004238100000000000♠65 years, 69 days

7004243200000000000♠66 years, 214 days

7002510000000000000♠1 year, 145 days

Ulysses S. Grant

July 31, 1875 – July 23, 1885

7004194530000000000♠53 years, 95 days

7004230980000000000♠63 years, 87 days

7003364500000000000♠9 years, 357 days

Rutherford B. Hayes

July 23, 1885 – January 17, 1893

7004229380000000000♠62 years, 292 days

7004256730000000000♠70 years, 105 days

7003273500000000000♠7 years, 178 days

Benjamin Harrison

January 17, 1893 – March 13, 1901

7004217000000000000♠59 years, 150 days

7004246760000000000♠67 years, 205 days

7003297600000000000♠8 years, 55 days

Grover Cleveland

March 13, 1901 – June 24, 1908

7004233700000000000♠63 years, 360 days

7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days

7003266000000000000♠7 years, 103 days

Theodore Roosevelt

June 24, 1908 – March 4, 1909

7004181370000000000♠49 years, 241 days

7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days

7002253000000000000♠253 days

William Howard Taft

March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913

7004187970000000000♠51 years, 170 days

7004202580000000000♠55 years, 170 days

7003146100000000000♠4 years, 0 days

Woodrow Wilson

March 4, 1913 – February 3, 1924

7004205190000000000♠56 years, 66 days

7004245070000000000♠67 years, 37 days

7003398800000000000♠10 years, 336 days

William Howard Taft

February 3, 1924 – March 8, 1930

7004242460000000000♠66 years, 141 days

7004264710000000000♠72 years, 174 days

7003222500000000000♠6 years, 33 days

Calvin Coolidge

March 8, 1930 – January 5, 1933

7004210650000000000♠57 years, 247 days

7004220990000000000♠60 years, 185 days

7003103400000000000♠2 years, 303 days

Herbert Hoover

January 5, 1933 – October 20, 1964

7004213320000000000♠58 years, 148 days

7004329430000000000♠90 years, 71 days

7004116110000000000♠31 years, 289 days

Harry S. Truman

October 20, 1964 – December 26, 1972

7004293840000000000♠80 years, 165 days

7004323730000000000♠88 years, 232 days

7003298900000000000♠8 years, 67 days

Lyndon B. Johnson

December 26, 1972 – January 22, 1973

7004234970000000000♠64 years, 121 days

7004235240000000000♠64 years, 148 days

7001270000000000000♠27 days

Richard Nixon

January 22, 1973 – January 20, 1981

7004219280000000000♠60 years, 13 days

7004248480000000000♠68 years, 11 days

7003292000000000000♠7 years, 364 days

Ronald Reagan

January 20, 1981 – June 5, 2004

7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days

7004340880000000000♠93 years, 120 days

7003853700000000000♠23 years, 137 days

Gerald Ford

June 5, 2004 – December 26, 2006

7004331990000000000♠90 years, 327 days

7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days

7002934000000000000♠2 years, 204 days

George H. W. Bush

December 26, 2006 – present

7004301470000000000♠82 years, 197 days

Current

7003426400000000000♠11 years, 246 days

President

Dates

Age atstart date

Age atend date

Length