document_title: Central City (DC Comics)

question_text: where is central city in the flash cw

question_tokens: where is central city in the flash cw

root

text: Central City (DC Comics)

text: Location[edit]

text: Central City's location has been vaguely defined over the years, similar to DC's other fictional cities such as Gotham City and Metropolis. In the 1970s, Central City was stated as being located in Ohio, where the real-world city of Athens, Ohio, would be (as shown in Flash #228 in 1974). Bob Rozakis' Ask the Answer Man column also stated that Central City was located in Ohio in 1987's Flash (volume 2) #2, published just after the reality-altering storyline Crisis on Infinite Earths.

tag: p

text: More recently, Central City has most often been located in the state of Kansas.[1] Maps in Young Justice place Central City in Missouri across from Keystone City, Kansas. Additionally, the 2014 television series The Flash also places Central City in Missouri (although opening scenes show Portland, Oregon),[2] most explicitly in a letter sent to S.T.A.R. Labs in the episode "The Man in the Yellow Suit."[3]

text: In the episode "Bloodlines" of the Young Justice cartoon, (a facsimile of) the St. Louis Gateway Arch can be seen in the background of scenes depicting Central City

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Central City's population has been depicted as dynamic over the years. In Flash v2, #2 (1987) it was cited as being 290,000. In 1990, the Atlas of the DC Universe listed it as 750,000. As of Flash Secret Files and Origins 2010, the population stands as 1,395,600. In Flash v.4 # 1, Central City Police Captain Darryl Frye is quoted as describing the population as having "tripled" during Barry Allen's years-long absence.

text: Notable residents[edit]

text: From 1956 until approximately 1985 (in publishing years), Central City was defended by the Flash (police scientist Barry Allen) against a myriad of foes, including Gorilla Grodd, Captain Cold, the Weather Wizard, the Mirror Master, Eobard Thawne(The "Reverse-Flash").

text: After Barry's death in Crisis on Infinite Earth, most of his foes, as well as Barry's successor (and former sidekick) Wally West moved to Keystone City, which thanks to the reality-altering effects of Crisis on Infinite Earth, was now Central City's twin city (pre-Crisis on Infinite Earth, Keystone City was located on the parallel Earth known as Earth-Two, in approximately the same space as Central City). Subsequently, Central City was treated as a relatively quiet venue that was not frequently depicted in DC comic book stories, but this situation has changed as a result of Barry Allen's recent return as the Flash.

text: Not long after Allen's death, in Crisis on Infinite Earths #4 (August 1987), Central City was depicted as experiencing a wave of racial violence, caused or at least exacerbated by politician and white supremacist W. James Heller; in his costumed identity of supposed super-hero William Hell, Heller captured only non-white criminals (creating the false impression that non-whites were primarily responsible for Central City's criminal activity) and recruited white criminals for his "Aryan Empire" organization. When Heller attempted to incite further violence at a political rally, Suicide Squad member Deadshot impersonated William Hell to oppose Heller's racist rhetoric, turning Heller's own charade against him, since the costumed "hero" proved more popular with the public than any politician. Heller quickly donned his costume to, as William Hell, denounce Deadshot/Hell as an impostor, and in the ensuing conflict, William Hell (Heller) was wounded and his injuries blamed on Heller's followers, partially defusing Central City's racial strife.

text: The robotic superhero and former Teen Titans member Cyborg has moved to Central City; part of this is hoping to establish himself as the town's resident hero.[4]

text: Geography, institutions and landmarks[edit]

text: During the years in which the second Flash series was written by Cary Bates, Central City was apparently divided into Upper and Lower East and West Sides, as well as a "downtown" region.

text: Central City is the home of the Flash Museum, a museum dedicated to the exploits and memorabilia of the city's hero.

text: Central City's main newspaper is the Central City Citizen (previously the Central City Picture-News), for which Barry's wife Iris West Allen is currently once again a reporter after an absence of several years.

text: As seen in Flash Vol. 2 #177, it has developed a thriving theatre district, second only to New York City.

text: Later, much of downtown was demolished by the Rogues, acting under the orders of the other-dimensional Crime Syndicate. Due to a miscommunication and the Rogues' own decency, only property was damaged, they avoided taking lives.[5]

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Central City was the setting for the 1990 television series, The Flash.
Central City is mentioned in the episode "My Girl" of Superman: The Animated Series.
Central City appears in the Justice League episode "The Brave and the Bold".
Central City appears in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Flash and Substance".
Referenced in Arrow episode "Salvation". Laurel Lance's mother, Dinah, mentions catching the red-eye to Central City; "Should be home in a flash." In the season 2 episode "The Scientist", CSI Barry Allen assists Starling City Police with a break-in and theft at a Queen Consolidated warehouse by Cyrus Gold. In "Three Ghosts", Barry returns to Central City but gets caught in an explosion from STAR Labs. in "Blast Radius", Felicity was staying in the city to check on Barry after the explosion.
Central City is the setting for the 2014 Arrow spin-off series The Flash. According to a letter sent to S.T.A.R. Labs in the episode "The Man in the Yellow Suit", it places Central City in Missouri.
Central City is mentioned in season one of Gotham.
In the Supergirl episode "Worlds Finest" (a crossover episode with The Flash), Barry checks that there's a Central City in Supergirl's universe; Harrison Wells, Cisco Ramon, and Caitlin Snow apparently do not exist, and S.T.A.R. Labs was not founded as the result of Wells' absence.
Central City was a setting in the Cartoon Network TV show Young Justice.

tag: ul

text: Film[edit]

text: Central City will appear in the 2017 film Justice League.

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Central City appears in DC Universe Online. It can be accessed if the player has the Lightning Strikes Downloadable Content.
In Batman: Arkham Origins, on Burnley there is a billboard with the names of cities including Central City.
Central City is referred to in Batman: Arkham Knight as Simon Stagg's place of residence. Militia soldiers mention that it is protected by a superhero, referring to the Flash.

text: Theme parks[edit]

text: Central City appears in Justice League: Alien Invasion 3D, a dark ride created by Sally Corporation for Warner Bros. Movie World. It was designed by Rich Hill, Senior Designer of Sally Corp.


document_title: Malt liquor

question_text: how much is a 40 ounce of beer

question_tokens: how much is a 40 ounce of beer

text: Malt liquor

text: Manufacture[edit]

text: Malt liquor is a strong lager or ale in which sugar, corn or other adjuncts are added to the malted barley to boost the total amount of fermentable sugars in the wort, and thus boost the final alcohol concentration without creating a heavier or sweeter taste. These beers tend to be mildly hopped; that is, they are not very bitter.

text: Brewing and legal definitions[edit]

text: Malt liquor is typically straw to pale amber in color. While typical beer is made primarily from barley, water, and hops, malt liquors tend to make much greater use of inexpensive adjuncts such as corn, rice, or dextrose. Use of these adjuncts, along with the addition of special enzymes, results in a higher percentage of alcohol than an average beer. Higher alcohol versions, sometimes called "high-gravity" or just "HG", may contain high levels of fusel alcohols, which gives off solvent- or fuel-like aromas and flavors.[1]

text: The confusing and inconsistent use of the term "malt liquor" has to do with the vagaries of American alcoholic beverage regulations, which can vary from state to state. In some states, "malt liquor" refers to any alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grain and water; in these states a non-alcoholic beer may also be called a non-alcoholic or non-intoxicating malt liquor. In some states, products labeled "beer" must fall below a certain alcohol content, and beers that exceed the mark must be labeled as "malt liquor". While ordinary beers in the United States average around 5% alcohol by volume, malt liquors typically range from 6% up to 9% alcohol by volume. A typical legal definition is Colorado's Rev. Stat. ss. 12-47-103(19), which provides that:

text: "Malt Liquors" includes beer and shall be construed to mean any beverage obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of any infusion or decoction of barley, malt, hops or any other similar products, or any combination thereof, in water containing more than three and two-tenths percent of alcohol by weight.

text: Alcohol percentages measured by weight translate into larger figures when re-expressed as alcohol percentages by volume, because ethanol is less dense than water.

text: History[edit]

text: The term "malt liquor" is documented in England in 1690 as a general term encompassing both beer and ale.[2] The first mention of the term in North America appears in a patent issued by the Canadian government on July 6, 1842, to one G. Riley for "an improved method of brewing ale, beer, porter, and other maltliquors."

text: While Colt 45, St. Ides, Mickey's, Steel Reserve, King Cobra, and Olde English 800 are most closely associated with malt liquors in the United States, the beverage itself is older than these products. Clix is often credited as the first malt liquor made in the United States, granted a patent in 1948.[3] The first widely successful malt liquor brand in America was Country Club, which was produced in the early 1950s by the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company in St. Joseph, Missouri.

text: Advertising[edit]

text: The core market for malt liquor brewers in the United States has been the African-American and Hispanic populations.[4] Brewers' use of target marketing in advertising malt liquor primarily to young, inner-city, African-American males has been controversial, due to the drink's higher alcohol content and the perceived vulnerability of the target audience. Brewers and advertisers have stated that they simply advertise to those who already buy their products. Critics have objected to the targeting of a segment of the population suffering disproportionately from alcohol-related disease and poor access to medical care.[5]

text: In order to highlight the potency of malt liquor, brand names have stressed powerful imagery such as Colt 45, Big Bear, and Power Master,[6] and used slogans such as "It's got more" or "The Real Power".[7] Power and sexual dominance have been common themes in advertising.[6][8] Ads for Power Master were eventually banned in the United States due to regulations against advertising the strength of alcoholic beverages.[4][9][10]

text: The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has reported that African Americans suffer disproportionate rates of cirrhosis of the liver and other alcohol-related health problems. In light of such statistics, African-American community leaders and some health officials have concluded that targeting high-alcohol beverage ads at this segment of the population is unethical and socially irresponsible.[5][10] In 1991, U.S. Surgeon General Antonia Novello criticized all alcoholic beverage companies for "unabashedly targeting teenagers" with "sexual imagery, cartoons, and rock and rap music" in television and print ads.[5]

text: Forty-ounce[edit]

text: In the American vernacular, a forty-ounce or simply forty is a glass or plastic bottle that holds 40 fluid ounces (1.18 litres, or 2.5 U.S. pints) of malt liquor.[1] Malt liquors are commonly sold in 40 fluid ounce bottles, among other sizes, as opposed to the standard twelve ounce (355 mL) bottle that contains a single serving of beer, although many malt liquors are offered in varying volumes.

text: After the introduction of 40-ounce containers, which contain roughly the same amount of alcohol as five regular cocktails, "40s" became a favorite high of many youth in inner-city areas. When American suburban youth adopted the habit of drinking malt liquor, drug counselors began to refer to "40s" as "liquid crack" and "date-rape brew".[7]

text: Examples of malt liquors sold in forty ounce bottles include Olde English 800, Colt 45, Mickey's, Camo 40, Black Fist, Country Club, Black Bull, Labatt Blue Dry 6.1/7.1/8.1/9.1/10.1, WildCat, Molson Dry 6.5/7.5/8.5/10.1, Private Stock, Big Bear, St. Ides, Steel Reserve 211, B40 Bull Max, King Cobra, Jeremiah Weed, and Hurricane. Dogfish Head Brewery has sporadically produced a high-end bottle-conditioned forty called "Liquor de Malt".[11] Ballantine markets its ale in a forty-ounce bottle as well.

text: Forties are often mentioned in hip-hop and rap culture by rap stars endorsing the "40" Ounce tradition. A similar trend was common around the late 1990s' and early 2000s' punk scene, with such songs as "40.oz Casualty" by The Casualties and "Rock the 40. Oz." by Leftöver Crack; and "40oz. to Freedom" by Sublime.

text: At least for a brief period in the mid-1990s, some brands of malt liquor, including Olde English 800, Colt 45, and Mickey's, were available in even larger, 64-ounce glass bottles. Forty-ounce bottles are not permitted in some US states, such as Florida, where the largest container that a malt beverage may be sold at retail is 32 US fluid ounces.[12]

text: International[edit]

text: While American malt liquor brands are rarely, if ever, exported to Europe, similar inexpensive high-alcohol beers are available in many areas there; these include the "super-strength lagers" such as Tennent's Super and Carlsberg Special Brew in the United Kingdom, and in France the "bières fortes" Amsterdam Navigator, Amsterdam Maximator and Bavaria 8.6; Arboga 10.2% of Sweden or Olvi Tuplapukki and Karhu Tosi Vahva in Finland.

text: Another example of an imported beer labeled as "malt liquor" is German brewer Spaten's Optimator, a doppelbock that weighs in at 7.6 ABV.

text: There was a short lived fashion for brewing American style malt liquors in Britain in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some of these were genuine American brands brewed under license, notably Colt 45, and some were simply inspired by the style. They generally contained 5% ABV. These beers were heavily marketed for a few years but failed to make a lasting impact and are no longer produced.


document_title: 3–4 defense

question_text: what type of defense do the broncos run

question_tokens: what type of defense do the broncos run

text: 3–4 defense

text: Overview[edit]

text: The 3–4 defense incorporates three defensive linemen – two defensive ends and one nose tackle, who line up opposite the other team's offensive line. Those three players are responsible for engaging the other team's offensive line, allowing the four linebackers to either rush the quarterback or drop back into coverage, depending on the situation. While the role of the defensive linemen is fairly consistent, the linebackers allow for the flexibility and versatility of the 3-4 scheme, and give defensive coaches nearly limitless options to confuse the other team's players and coaches. Depending on the situation, any number of linebackers can blitz, fake a blitz, "spy" the quarterback or running back, or cover receivers. In key situations, a rush linebacker may be sent to cover the flat on the opposite side of the blitzing defensive back; this is called a "zone blitz".

text: After becoming the predominant defensive alignment in the late 1970s-early 1980s,[1] the 3–4 defense declined in popularity over the next two decades, but experienced a resurgence in the 2000s among both professional and college football teams. As of 2017, NFL teams that regularly incorporate the 3–4 defensive alignment scheme as a base include the Green Bay Packers, Oakland Raiders, Los Angeles Rams, Pittsburgh Steelers, Baltimore Ravens, Arizona Cardinals, Indianapolis Colts, Kansas City Chiefs, New York Jets, Washington Redskins, Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans, Houston Texans, and the Chicago Bears, who used the 3-4 as their base defense for the first time in 2015.

text: The Philadelphia Eagles ran the 3-4 from 2013 to 2015 but switched back to the 4-3 for the 2016 season. The New England Patriots returned to a 4–3 defensive front at the end of the 2011 season. The Cleveland Browns used the 3-4 in 2016, but are returning to the 4-3 in 2017 under new defensive coordinator Gregg Williams.

text: New Rams head coach Sean McVay hired Wade Phillips as defensive coordinator prior to 2017. Phillips switched the Rams to the 3-4, the first time the team has used it since the early 1990s prior to the franchise's move to St. Louis.

text: The Pittsburgh Steelers have used the 3–4 as their base defense since 1982, the season after Hall of Fame defensive tackle Joe Greene and end L. C. Greenwood retired. In fact, the Steelers were the only NFL team to use the 3–4 defense during the 2001 NFL season, but finished the season as the number one defense in the NFL.[2] It is believed that the Steelers success with the 3–4 defense is the primary reason why many NFL teams have started returning to the formation.[3]

text: The 3–4 defense was originally devised by Bud Wilkinson at the University of Oklahoma in the 1940s. Chuck Fairbanks, who coached the Sooners from 1967–72, learned the defense from Wilkinson and is credited with importing it to the NFL when he became coach of the New England Patriots in 1973.[4] The 1972 Miami Dolphins were the first team to win a Super Bowl with the 3–4 defense, going undefeated and using number 53, Bob Matheson, as a down lineman or rushing linebacker. When the Oakland Raiders defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XV, it marked the first Super Bowl in which both teams used the 3–4 as their base defense. Also notable, the Big Blue Wrecking Crew, the defensive unit for the 1986 New York Giants who won Super Bowl XXI, was a 3–4 defense and featured all-time great Lawrence Taylor as outside linebacker. By the mid-1990s, only a few teams used a 3–4 defense, most notably the Buffalo Bills and Pittsburgh Steelers.[5]

text: Defensive line[edit]

text:
“
The nose tackle and the inside linebackers, those are three guys that are very important. But when you go through it, the nose tackle is probably the single-most important guy.
”

— Joe Collier, Denver Broncos assistant (1969–1988), architect of the "Orange Crush Defense".[6]

text: The defensive line is made up of a nose tackle (NT) and two defensive ends (DEs). Linemen in 3–4 schemes tend to be larger than their 4–3 counterparts to take up more space and guard more territory along the defensive front. As a consequence, many 3–4 defensive linemen begin their NFL careers as 4-3 defensive tackles, as younger players typically do not possess the size, weight, and strength to play on a 3-4 defensive front. They must be strong at the point of attack and are aligned in most cases head-up on an offensive tackle. First and foremost, they must control run gaps. Size and strength become more of a factor for linemen in 3–4 defenses than in 4–3 defenses because they move primarily within the confines of line play and seldom are in space using athletic ability. Ideally 3–4 DEs should weigh 290–315 pounds (132–143 kg) and be able to beat double teams by getting a push.[7] Albert Breer noted, "In general, ideal front-seven players in the 3–4 are bigger and need to take on and defeat blocks more often in the running game."[8]

text: The 3–4 nose tackle is considered the most physically demanding position in football.[9] His primary responsibility is to control the "A" gaps, the two openings between the center and guards, and not get pushed back into his linebackers.[10] If a running play comes through one of those gaps, he must make the tackle or control what is called the "jump-through"—the guard or center who is trying to get out to the linebackers. The ideal nose tackle has to be much bigger than 4–3 DTs, weighing around 335 pounds or more. An AFC Personnel director used Ted Washington as an example of an ideal nose tackle: "In his prime, Ted Washington was the ideal guy. He was huge, had long arms, and you couldn't budge him. He could hold off a 320-pound lineman with one hand and make the tackle with the other."[9]

text: The base position of NT is across from the opposing team's center. This location is usually referred to as zero technique. The two DEs flank the NT and line up off the offensive guards. The location off the offensive guard is usually referred to as three technique.

text: Linebackers[edit]

text:
“
I think good coaches will coach with the personnel they have, and if you only have one (good) linebacker, you're not going to play a 3–4.
”

— Hank Bullough, who installed one of the first 3–4 defenses with the New England Patriots.[11]

text: In a 3–4 defense, four linebackers (LBs) are positioned behind the defensive line. The linebacker unit is made up of two inside linebackers (ILBs) flanked by two outside linebackers (OLBs). The OLBs often line up closer to the line of scrimmage than the ILBs, but may also be positioned at the same depth or deeper in coverage than the ILBs (though this is somewhat rare).

text: There are two types of ILB's, the Mike (for strong side) and the Will (for weak side). The Will typically is the more athletic linebacker, who can blitz, drop into coverage, play the run, and "spy" the quarterback.[12] The Mike is typically the stronger and larger of the two linebackers, and is used almost like a Fullback on the defense. He takes on and occupies blockers for the Will, allowing the Will to flow to the ball and make tackles.[13]

text: The 3–4 also has two types of OLBs. The Joker, Jack, Buck, or Elephant is usually the primary pass rusher. Depending on the scheme, the Joker can be on either side of the defensive formation. He must be an excellent pass rusher, and has to be able to beat both stronger right tackles and rangier left tackles off the edge of the formation.[14] The other 3–4 OLB, The Sam, does not have a specific designation. Like a Sam linebacker in a 4–3 scheme, the other 3–4 OLB must be able to cover, blitz, and play the run.

text: Strengths of the 3–4 include speedy ILBs and OLBs in pursuit of backs in run defense and flexibility to use multiple rushers to confuse the quarterback during passing plays without being forced into man-to-man defense on receivers. Most teams try to disrupt the offense's passing attack by rushing four defenders. In a standard 4–3 alignment, these four rushers are usually the four down linemen. But in a 3–4, the fourth rusher is usually a linebacker, though many teams use a safety to blitz and confuse the coverage, giving them more defensive options in the same 3–4 look. However, since there are four linebackers and four defensive backs, the fourth potential rusher can come from any of eight defensive positions. This is designed to confuse the quarterback's pre-snap defensive read.

text: A drawback of the 3–4 is that without a fourth lineman to take on the offensive blockers and close the running lanes, both the defensive linemen and the linebackers can be overwhelmed by blocking schemes in the running game. To be effective, 3–4 linebackers need their defensive line to routinely tie up a minimum of four (preferably all five) offensive linemen, freeing them to make tackles. The 3–4 linebackers must be very athletic and strong enough to shed blocks by fullbacks, tight ends, and offensive linemen to get to the running back. In most cases, 3–4 OLBs lead their teams in quarterback sacks.[15]

text: Usually, teams that run a 3–4 defense look for college "tweeners"—defensive ends that are too small to play the position in the pros and not quite fluid enough to play outside linebacker in a 4–3 defense—as their 3–4 outside linebacker. The wisdom of this strategy is demonstrated in the career of Harry Carson, who played as a defensive lineman in his college career and then went on to become a Hall of Fame ILB for the New York Giants in the 70s and 80s. According to NFL coach Wade Phillips, 3–4 linebackers "are a little bit cheaper, and you can find more of them," while "it's harder to find defensive linemen to play a 4–3 and pay for all of them."[16]

text: Secondary[edit]

text: The 3–4 defense generally uses four defensive backs. Two of these are safeties, and two of them are cornerbacks. A cornerback's responsibilities vary depending on the type of coverage called. Coverage is simply how the defense will be protecting against the pass. The corners will generally line up 3 to 5 yards off the line of scrimmage, generally trying to "Jam" or interrupt the receivers route within the first 5 yards. A corner will be given one of two ways to defend the pass (with variations that result in more or less the same responsibilities): zone and man-to-man. In zone coverage, the cornerback is responsible for an area on the field. In this case, the corner must always stay downfield of whomever it is covering while still remaining in its zone. Zone is a more relaxed defensive scheme meant to provide more awareness across the defensive secondary while sacrificing tight coverage. As such, the corner in this case would be responsible for making sure nobody gets outside of him, always, or downfield of him, in cases where there is no deep safety help. In man coverage, however, the cornerback is solely responsible for the man across from him, usually the offensive player split farthest out.

text: The free safety is responsible for reading the offensive plays and covering deep passes. Depending on the defensive call, he may also provide run support. He is positioned 10 to 15 yards behind the line of scrimmage, toward the center of the field. He provides the last line of defense against running backs and receivers who get past the linebackers and cornerbacks. He must be a quick and smart player, capable of making tackles efficiently as well as reading the play and alerting his team of game situations.

text: The strong safety is usually larger than the free safety and is positioned relatively close to the line of scrimmage. He is often an integral part of the run defense, but is also responsible for defending against a pass; especially against passes to the tight-ends.

text: One versus two gap 3–4 systems[edit]

text: The 3–4 has two basic defensive variations: the one-gap and the two-gap. In a two-gap system, the linemen are charged with tying up two blockers. This allows the linebackers to "flow downhill" and make tackles without shedding blocks.[17] The one gap, on the other hand, distributes the responsibility for gap coverage evenly between the linemen and linebackers. Each player has a few "key reads" after the ball is snapped. For example, the middle linebacker may be covering the strong side A gap (gap between center and strong side guard). If he sees the guard move right, then he flows with the guard, moving more or less laterally parallel to the line of scrimmage. If the guard moves left, he attacks downhill (perpendicular to the line of scrimmage) and "shoots his gap." Responsibilities in the one gap vary depending on the defense.[18]

text: Very few teams use purely one or two gap systems in today's NFL. However, the majority of teams, such as the Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Steelers primarily use the two-gap 3–4. The Houston Texans and Denver Broncos primarily use the one gap 3–4. The New York Jets use a versatile, hybrid defense combining one and two gap looks.[19]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders

question_text: who has the record for most 3 pointers

question_tokens: who has the record for most 3 pointers

text: Three-point field goals made leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular-season three-point field goals made.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration [3]

§
1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 [4]

text:
Rank
Name
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[5]
Total 3-point field
goals made
Total 3-point field
goals attempted
3-point field goal
percentage

1
Allen, RayRay Allen§
SG
Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
2,973
7,429
.400

2
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
2,560
6,486
.395

3
Terry, JasonJason Terry^
SG/PG
Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)
2,255
5,933
.380

4
Korver, KyleKyle Korver^
SG/SF
Philadelphia 76ers (2003–2007)
Utah Jazz (2007–2010)
Chicago Bulls (2010–2012)
Atlanta Hawks (2012–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–present)
2,176
5,049
.431

5
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
2,143
5,816
.368

6
Crawford, JamalJamal Crawford^
SG/PG
Chicago Bulls (2000–2004)
New York Knicks (2004–2008)
Golden State Warriors (2008–2009)
Atlanta Hawks (2009–2011)
Portland Trail Blazers (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2012–2017)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2017–present)
2,123
6,078
.349

7
Curry, StephenStephen Curry^
PG
Golden State Warriors (2009–present)
2,095
4,810
.436

8
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
2,085
5,587
.373

9
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd§
PG
Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)
Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)
New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)
1,988
5,701
.349

10
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^
SG/SF
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present)
1,962
5,275
.372

11
Smith, J. R.J. R. Smith^
SG
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2004–2006)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2015)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2015–present)
1,883
5,037
.374

12
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
1,879
4,899
.384

13
Billups, ChaunceyChauncey Billups
PG/SG
Boston Celtics (1997–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998)
Denver Nuggets (1999, 2008–2011)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2000–2002)
Detroit Pistons (2002–2008, 2013–2014)
New York Knicks (2011)
Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2013)
1,830
4,725
.387

14
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
1,827
5,546
.330

15
Lewis, RashardRashard Lewis
SF/PF
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2007)
Orlando Magic (2007–2010)
Washington Wizards (2010–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
1,787
4,625
.386

16
Stojaković, PejaPeja Stojaković
SF
Sacramento Kings (1999–2006)
Indiana Pacers (2006)
New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets (2006–2010)
Toronto Raptors (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011)
1,760
4,392
.401

17
Ellis, DaleDale Ellis
SF/SG
Dallas Mavericks (1983–1986)
Seattle SuperSonics (1986–1991, 1997–1999)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1992, 1999–2000)
San Antonio Spurs (1992–1994)
Denver Nuggets (1994–1997)
Charlotte Hornets (2000)
1,719
4,266
.403

18
Nash, SteveSteve Nash§
PG
Phoenix Suns (1996–1998, 2004–2012)
Dallas Mavericks (1999–2004)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2014)
1,685
3,939
.428

19
Richardson, JasonJason Richardson†
SG
Golden State Warriors (2001–2007)
Charlotte Bobcats (2007–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2010)
Orlando Magic (2010–2012)
Philadelphia 76ers (2012–2015)
1,608
4,344
.370

20
Miller, MikeMike Miller^
SF/SG
Orlando Magic (2000–2003)
Memphis Grizzlies (2003–2008, 2013–2014)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2008–2009)
Washington Wizards (2009–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2013)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–2015)
Denver Nuggets (2015–2017)
1,590
3,910
.407

21
Harden, JamesJames Harden^
SG
Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2012)
Houston Rockets (2012–present)
1,588
4,338
.366

22
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
1,565
4,566
.343

23
Rice, GlenGlen Rice
SF
Miami Heat (1989–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1995–1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (1999–2000)
New York Knicks (2000–2001)
Houston Rockets (2001–2003)
Los Angeles Clippers (2003–2004)
1,559
3,896
.400

24
Jones, EddieEddie Jones
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1994–1999)
Charlotte Hornets (1999–2000)
Miami Heat (2000–2005, 2007)
Memphis Grizzlies (2005–2007)
Dallas Mavericks (2007–2008)
1,546
4,147
.373

25
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
PG
Golden State Warriors (1989–1993, 1994–1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)
Denver Nuggets (2002)
Indiana Pacers (2003)
1,542
4,345
.355

26
Van Exel, NickNick Van Exel
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1993–1998)
Denver Nuggets (1999–2002)
Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2004)
Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2006)
1,528
4,278
.357

27
Bibby, MikeMike Bibby
PG
Vancouver Grizzlies (1999–2001)
Sacramento Kings (2001–2008)
Atlanta Hawks (2008–2011)
Washington Wizards (2011)
Miami Heat (2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2012)
1,517
3,999
.379

28
Thompson, KlayKlay Thompson^
SG
Golden State Warriors (2011–present)
1,512
3,575
.423

29
Ginóbili, ManuManu Ginóbili^
SG
San Antonio Spurs (2002–present)
1,480
4,007
.369

30
Finley, MichaelMichael Finley
SF
Phoenix Suns (1995–1996)
Dallas Mavericks (1996–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010)
1,454
3,880
.375

31
Barry, BrentBrent Barry
SG
Los Angeles Clippers (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1998)
Chicago Bulls (1999)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2004)
San Antonio Spurs (2004–2008)
Houston Rockets (2008–2009)
1,395
3,442
.405

32
Matthews, WesleyWesley Matthews^
SG
Utah Jazz (2009–2010)
Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2015)
Dallas Mavericks (2015–present)
1,390
3,626
.383

Redick, J. J.J. J. Redick^
SG
Orlando Magic (2006–2013)
Milwaukee Bucks (2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2017)
Philadelphia 76ers (2017–present)
3,359
.414

34
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF/SG
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
1,388
3,625
.383

35
Walker, AntoineAntoine Walker
PF
Boston Celtics (1996–2003, 2005)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Atlanta Hawks (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2007–2008)
1,386
4,264
.325

36
Majerle, DanDan Majerle
SG/SF
Phoenix Suns (1988–1995, 2001–2002)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1995–1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
1,360
3,798
.358

37
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
PG
Charlotte Hornets (1999–2002)
New Orleans Hornets (2002–2005)
Golden State Warriors (2005–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2011)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2011)
New York Knicks (2012)
1,332
4,159
.320

38
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
SG
Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
1,326
3,419
.388

39
Houston, AllanAllan Houston
SG
Detroit Pistons (1993–1996)
New York Knicks (1996–2005)
1,305
3,247
.402

40
Dunleavy Jr., MikeMike Dunleavy Jr.^
SF/SG
Golden State Warriors (2002–2007)
Indiana Pacers (2007–2011)
Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2013)
Chicago Bulls (2013–2016)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2017)
Atlanta Hawks (2017)
1,304
3,460
.377

41
Anderson, RyanRyan Anderson^
PF
New Jersey Nets (2008–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2012)
New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans (2012–2016)
Houston Rockets (2016–present)
1,302
3,412
.382

42
Lowry, KyleKyle Lowry^
PG
Memphis Grizzlies (2006–2009)
Houston Rockets (2009–2012)
Toronto Raptors (2012–present)
1,297
3,532
.367

Porter, TerryTerry Porter
PG
Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1995)
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1999)
San Antonio Spurs (1999–2002)
3,360
.386

44
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
1,288
3,720
.346

45
Blaylock, MookieMookie Blaylock
PG
New Jersey Nets (1989–1992)
Atlanta Hawks (1992–1999)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2002)
1,283
3,816
.336

46
Ariza, TrevorTrevor Ariza^
SF
New York Knicks (2004–2006)
Orlando Magic (2006–2007)
Los Angeles Lakers (2007–2009)
Houston Rockets (2009–2010, 2014–present)
New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)
Washington Wizards (2012–2014)
1,263
3,572
.354

47
Maxwell, VernonVernon Maxwell
SG
San Antonio Spurs (1988–1990, 1996–1997)
Houston Rockets (1990–1995)
Philadelphia 76ers (1995–1996, 2000)
Orlando Magic (1998)
Charlotte Hornets (1998)
Sacramento Kings (1999)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2000)
Dallas Mavericks (2001)
1,256
3,931
.320

48
Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
1,253
3,515
.356

49
Jackson, StephenStephen Jackson
SG/SF
New Jersey Nets (2000–2001)
San Antonio Spurs (2001–2003, 2012–2013)
Atlanta Hawks (2003–2004)
Indiana Pacers (2004–2007)
Golden State Warriors (2007–2009)
Charlotte Bobcats (2009–2011)
Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)
1,252
3,763
.333

50
Battier, ShaneShane Battier
SF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2006, 2011)
Houston Rockets (2006–2011)
Miami Heat (2011–2014)
1,250
3,254
.384

text: Progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders showing how the record has increased through the years.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[3]

§
1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 [4]

text:
Team Abbreviations
Team listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
HOU
Houston Rockets
ORL
Orlando Magic
SEA
Seattle SuperSonics

CHA
Charlotte Bobcats
IND
Indiana Pacers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
TOR
Toronto Raptors

CHI
Chicago Bulls
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHO
Phoenix Suns
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
MIA
Miami Heat
SAC
Sacramento Kings
WAS
Washington Wizards

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
SAS
San Antonio Spurs
WSB
Washington Bullets

GSW
Golden State Warriors
NYK
New York Knicks
SDC
San Diego Clippers

text:
Progressive 3 point Leaders

Season
Year-by-year leader
3P
Active player leader
3P
Career record
3P
Single season record
3P
Season

1979–80
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
1979–80

1980–81
Mike Bratz000CLE
57
134
134
1980–81

1981–82
Don Buse000IND
73
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
1981–82

1982–83
Mike Dunleavy000 SAS
67
194
194
1982–83

1983–84
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
Darrell Griffith000UTA
154
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
1983–84

1984–85
92
246
Darrell Griffith000UTA
246
92
1984–85

1985–86
Larry Bird*000BOS
82
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
1985–86

1986–87
90
357
357
1986–87

1987–88
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
455
455
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
1987–88

1988–89
Michael Adams000DEN
166
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Michael Adams000DEN
166
1988–89

1989–90
158
568
568
1989–90

1990–91
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
Michael Adams
000DEN 1990–91
000WSB 1991–92
658
Michael Adams
000DEN 1990–91
000WSB 1991–92
658
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
1990–91

1991–92
162
783
783
1991–92

1992–93

Reggie Miller*000IND
Dan Majerle000PHO
167
Dale Ellis
000 SAS 1992–94
000 DEN 1994–97
882
Dale Ellis
000 SAS 1992–94
000 DEN 1994–97
882
1992–93

1993–94
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1,013
1,013
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1993–94

1994–95
John Starks000NYK
217
1,119
1,119
John Starks000NYK
217
1994–95

1995–96
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1,269
1,269
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1995–96

1996–97
Reggie Miller*000IND
229
1,461
1,461
1996–97

1997–98
Wesley Person000CLE
192
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
1997–98

1998–99
Dee Brown000TOR
135
1,702
1,702
1998–99

1999–00
Gary Payton*000SEA
177
1,867
1,867
1999–00

2000–01
Antoine Walker000BOS
221
2,037
2,037
2000–01

2001–02
Allen, RayRay Allen§000MIL
229
2,217
2,217
2001–02

2002–03
201
2,330
2,330
2002–03

2003–04
Peja Stojaković000SAC
240
2,464
2,464
2003–04

2004–05

Quentin Richardson0PHO
Kyle Korver^00PHI

226
2,560
2,560
2004–05

2005–06
Allen, RayRay Allen§000SEA
269
Allen, RayRay Allen§
000SEA 2005–07
000BOS 2007–12
000MIA 2012–14
1,755
Allen, RayRay Allen§000SEA
269
2005–06

2006–07
Gilbert Arenas00WAS
Raja Bell00PHO

205
1,920
2006–07

2007–08
Jason Richardson†000CHA
243
2,100
2007–08

2008–09
Rashard Lewis000ORL
220
2,299
2008–09

2009–10
Aaron Brooks^000HOU
209
2,444
2009–10

2010–11
Dorell Wright†000GSW
194
2,612
Allen, RayRay Allen§
000BOS 2010–12
000MIA 2012–14
2,612
2010–11

2011–12
Ryan Anderson^000ORL
166
2,718
2,718
2011–12

2012–13
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2,857
2,857
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2012–13

2013–14
261
2,973
2,973
2013–14

2014–15
286
Jason Terry^
000HOU 2014–16
000MIL 2016–18
2,076
286
2014–15

2015–16
402
2,169
402
2015–16

2016–17
324
2,242
2016–17

2017–18
James Harden^000HOU
206
2,255
2017–18

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
3P
Active Player Leader
3P
Career Record
3P
Single Season Record
3P
Season

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The National Basketball Association did not record 3-point field goals until the 1979–80 season
Jump up ^ "NBA Progressive Leaders and Records for 3-Pt Field Goals". Basketball-Reference.com. Sports-Reference. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b A player is not eligible for induction into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame until he has been fully retired for three calendar years.
^ Jump up to: a b "Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Announces Eligible Candidates for the Class of 2018". Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Jump up ^ American Basketball Association (ABA) teams other than those admitted into the NBA in 1976 are not included; each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.

tag: ol


document_title: Annie (musical)

question_text: which us president appears as a character in the play annie

text: Annie (musical)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Act 1[edit]

text: In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in the Municipal Girls Orphanage, along with Molly (age 6), Kate (age 7), Tessie (age 10), Pepper (age 12), July and Duffy (both 13). When Molly awakes from a bad dream, angering Pepper and Duffy, July tells them to hush up and eventually gets into a fight with Pepper. Annie gets up and tells everyone to go back to sleep. Molly then asks if Annie could read her note from when her parents left her at the orphanage. Duffy and Pepper are yet again annoyed. Along with Kate, Pepper and Duffy imitate Annie's acting as if they were her parents ("Maybe").

text: Annie decides to escape to find her parents, but is caught by Miss Hannigan, who is currently suffering from a hangover. She is angered by this and forces all the girls to vigorously clean the orphanage ("Hard Knock Life") before their day of sweatshop labour sewing for a dress manufacturing company (from which Miss Hannigan pockets the proceeds). Shortly after, Mr. Bundles, the laundry man, comes in to pick up the blankets. While Miss Hannigan is flirting with him, Annie climbs into the laundry basket and the orphans cover her up with the blankets. Once Miss Hannigan realizes she is gone, the other orphans express their frustration ("Hard Knock Life (Reprise)").

text: Annie successfully escapes, running into a friendly stray dog. As she comforts him, she tells him of better days yet to come ("Tomorrow"). The dog catcher is after him, so she pretends the dog is hers by calling him Sandy. Though at first unsuccessful, she convinces the dog catcher, and she continues on. She later finds a Hooverville, where people made homeless by the Great Depression have come together as a community {"We'd Like to Thank You"). However, a policeman named Lt. Ward, who had been sent by Miss Hannigan, catches Annie and brings her back.

text: Grace Farrell, assistant to the billionaire Oliver Warbucks, comes to the orphanage asking for an orphan to come to his mansion for the Christmas holiday. Because Annie was in Miss Hannigan's office, Grace asks to take her, and Miss Hannigan reluctantly agrees. Once she has left, Miss Hannigan explodes with her hatred for all the girls in the orphanage ("Little Girls").

text: Meanwhile, at the Warbucks Mansion, the staff welcomes Annie with open arms ("I Think I'm Gonna Like It Here"). When Oliver Warbucks comes back, though, he is not happy to have an orphan in his mansion. He asks Grace to take Annie to a movie, but she persuades him to come too. As he and Annie begin to like each other, they enjoy a fabulous night in New York City ("N.Y.C.").

text: Back at the orphanage, Miss Hannigan's brother, Rooster, and his girlfriend, Lily, pay a visit. Miss Hannigan mentions that Annie is staying at a billionaire's house, and they think they could use this situation to their advantage, though they do not yet know how ("Easy Street").

text: Warbucks sees the locket around Annie's neck, and buys her a new one from Tiffany & Co. He debates taking her "under his wing", because he doesn't know much about children, but he realizes that he loves her and gives her the locket ("Why Should I Change A Thing?"). However, she bursts into tears, saying it was the only thing left by her parents, and refuses to accept a new one. Grace and the staff then pledge to find her parents no matter what it takes ("You Won't Be An Orphan For Long").

text: Act 2[edit]

text: Annie appears on the radio on a show by Bert Healy ("Maybe" reprise) where Warbucks announces that he is offering $50,000 to the couple who can prove they are her parents. Healy then sings a song with the Boylan Sisters ("You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile"). Back at the orphanage the girls are listening to the song. Everyone is fascinated that their friend is on the radio, except Pepper; who couldn't care less. ("You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile" reprise). When Miss Hannigan hears, she barges in and demands to know what was happening. Molly announces that Annie was on the radio, and that there is a $50,000 reward for her parents. Miss Hannigan is anything but pleased. Shortly after, a couple named Ralph and Shirley Mudge arrive, saying they left a little girl here eleven years ago and have come back for her. Miss Hannigan is shocked. They soon reveal themselves to be Rooster and Lily; they explain their plan to get the reward. They request information about Annie from Miss Hannigan for one third of the money, though she demands one half for this service, and she tells them about the note and the locket ("Easy Street" reprise).

text: Warbucks brings Annie to Washington, D.C., where she requests to meet the president. Warbucks thinks that it would be better if Annie waited outside, but Franklin D. Roosevelt asks her to stay. She begins to sing "Tomorrow", though shushed by the cabinet. Roosevelt, however, believes that people must be optimistic during tough times, and commands them to sing ("Tomorrow" Cabinet reprise). Once back home, Warbucks tells Annie how much he loves her ("Something Was Missing"). Because her parents have not shown up, he announces he would like to adopt her ("I Don't Need Anything But You"). They decide to throw a Christmas party, and Annie wants to invite Miss Hannigan and the orphans. While preparing, the delighted staff tell of how her arrival has changed their lives ("Annie").

text: Judge Louis Brandeis shows up to begin the adoption proceedings, but is interrupted by Mr. and Mrs. Mudge (Rooster and Lily in disguise) who come to pick up Annie. Grace and Warbucks are shocked, because they know about the note and the locket. Still, Warbucks does not think they are her real parents. He requests that she will be allowed to stay one more night for the Christmas party, and then they can take her away to their supposed pig farm in New Jersey. Early that morning, she wishes she could have been adopted, not sent off with her "parents" ("Maybe" reprise). Warbucks then receives a surprise visit from Roosevelt and his Secret Service. It is revealed by him that Annie's parents are actually David and Margaret Bennett, who died when she was a baby. They then realize that Mr. and Mrs. Mudge are really Rooster and Lily, just as they show up to claim her and the money. They, along with Miss Hannigan, are arrested by the Secret Service, and everyone is delighted by Roosevelt's new deal for the economy ("A New Deal for Christmas"/"Tomorrow" finale).

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Characters

Description

Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks

Billionaire businessman who opens his home – and finally opens his heart – to Annie.

Annie

The title character. The spunky and optimistic 11 year old orphan who's looking for her birth parents.  She ends up getting adopted by Oliver Warbucks.

Grace Farrell

Oliver Warbucks' faithful secretary, who loves Annie from the start.

Daniel "Rooster" Hannigan

Miss Hannigan's younger brother, a convict who escaped jail so he can rob his sister and plot to abduct Annie.

Miss Agatha Hannigan

The orphanage matron, disillusioned, she hates children, but is fond of alcoholic beverages.

Drake

The butler at the Warbucks Mansion; a good friend to Grace, Annie and Daddy Warbucks.

Lily St. Regis

Rooster's girlfriend, an egotistical gold digger. She and Rooster pose as Annie's "parents" so they can fool Warbucks and get their hands on the $50,000 reward.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the United States, he aids Daddy Warbucks in the search for Annie's parents. Upon meeting Annie, he is inspired to make a new deal and restore America's economy.

Molly

The youngest orphan (6) who is also Annie's best friend.

Pepper

The bossiest orphan (12) who likes to take control and is not very good friends with Annie.

Duffy

The oldest orphan (13) who often hangs around with Pepper but is friends with everyone.

July

The quietest orphan (13) who doesn't talk much but is mother-like to all the kids.

Tessie

The crybaby orphan (10) who is known for the line "Oh my goodness".

Kate

The shyest orphan (7) who never really speaks but is friends with everyone.

Louis Brandeis

Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, he is called upon to assist in Annie's adoption.

Bert Healy

Radio announcer who agrees to broadcast Annie's search for her parents.

The Boylan Sisters

Singers on the Bert Healy Show who hope to be famous someday.

Fred McCracken and Wacky

A ventriloquist and dummy, who are guests on Bert Healy's "Oxydent Hour of Smiles."

Lt. Ward

A policeman sent after Annie, he finds her at the local homeless town (Hooverville).

Sandy

An abandoned mixed–breed dog that, once Annie rescues him, becomes her companion and pet.

Bundles

The laundry man. Miss Hannigan continuously hits on him, but he is not interested.

Cordell Hull, Frances Perkins, Louis Howe, Harold Ickes, and Henry Morgenthau Jr.

Franklin Roosevelt's Cabinet members who sing "Tomorrow" with Warbucks and Annie.

Star-To-Be

An upcoming Broadway Star, who sings a solo in N.Y.C.

Mrs. Greer, Mrs. Pugh, Cecile, and Annette

Oliver Warbucks's servants. They do a lot of housekeeping and are often supervised by Drake and Grace.

Dog Catcher and Assistant Dog Catcher

Characters in Hooverville who endanger Sandy.

Sophie and the Apple Seller

Child citizens of Hooverville who lead the town and the members of it.

Kaltenborn and Radio Announcers

Announcers on the radio.

Usherette

A female usher who seats Annie, Grace, and Warbucks in the movie theater.

Jimmy Johnson

A guest on Bery Healy's "Oxydent Hour of Smiles," who calls himself "radio's only masked announcer."

SFX Man

A member of Bert Healy's radio show, who controls the sound effects for the show and encourages crowd participation.

Men and Women of Hooverville

Men and Women who are homeless and live in shanties in the town of Hooverville.

text: Production history[edit]

text: The New York Times estimates that Annie is produced 700 to 900 times each year in the United States.[2]

text: Conceptualisation[edit]

text: Charnin first approached Meehan to write the book of a musical about Little Orphan Annie in 1972.  Meehan researched by re-reading prints of the comic strip, but was unable to find any satisfactory material for a musical other than the characters of Annie, Oliver Warbucks and Sandy, so decided to write his own story.  As all three of Meehan, Charnin and Strouse were from New York and given what he saw as the downbeat mood of the then-current Nixon era and the Vietnam War, Meehan set his story in New York during the similarly downbeat Great Depression.  Meehan saw the character of Annie as a 20th Century American female version of the titular orphan characters created by Charles Dickens in works such as Oliver Twist and David Copperfield with the mystery of Annie's abandonment and unknown parenthood as consistent with a strand of mysteries in Dickens' tales.  Meehan's book was accepted by Charnin and Strouse, but considerable material had to be trimmed out – material which Meehan would later restore for his novelisation.[3]

text: Pre-Broadway tryout[edit]

text: Annie had its world premiere on August 10, 1976 at the Goodspeed Opera House in East Haddam, Connecticut under the direction of Michael P. Price, Executive Director. Kristen Vigard was the first actress to play the title role. However, the producers soon decided that Vigard's genuinely sweet interpretation was not tough enough for the street-smart orphan. After a week of performances, Vigard was replaced by Andrea McArdle, who played one of the other orphans, Pepper. Vigard went on to become McArdle's Broadway understudy.

text: Broadway original[edit]

text:
The original Broadway production opened at the Alvin Theatre on April 21, 1977 and starred Andrea McArdle as Annie, Reid Shelton as Daddy Warbucks, Dorothy Loudon as Miss Hannigan, and Sandy Faison as Grace Farrell. Danielle Brisebois was one of the orphans. It was nominated for eleven Tony Awards and won seven, including the Best Musical, Best Score, and Best Book. Replacements in the title role on Broadway included then-child actors Shelley Bruce, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Smith and Alyson Kirk. Replacements in the role of Miss Hannigan included Alice Ghostley, Dolores Wilson, Betty Hutton, Marcia Lewis, and June Havoc. Ann Ungar understudied and played for Dorothy Loudon in the role of Miss Hannigan.  She also understudied Alice Ghostley and Dolores Wilson.[4]
The show closed on January 2, 1983, after a total of 2,377 performances, setting a record for the longest running show at the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre), until it was surpassed by Hairspray in 2009.[1]

text: United States National touring companies[edit]

text: During the Broadway run of Annie, there were four touring companies that were launched from the original production to tour to major North American cities:

text: The 1st National Touring Company opened in Toronto in March 1978 with Kathy Jo Kelly as Annie, Norwood Smith as Daddy Warbucks, Jane Connell, Ruth Kobart as Miss Hannigan, and Gary Beach as Rooster. It played in Miami from April 12 to May 13, 1978 then continued for a few more cities until it landed in Chicago where it played for 32 weeks. In April 1979, it continued on the road in with Mary K. Lombardi now in the lead as Annie. In the fall of 1980, Theda Stemler took over the part and was replaced in Boston when she grew too old. On May 15, 1981, Louanne Sirota, who had played Annie in the long-running Los Angeles production (see below), took over the role for four months. In August 1981, Becky Snyder became the company's last Annie, closing the tour on September 6, 1981.

text: The 2nd National Touring Company (sometimes referred to as the West Coast or Los Angeles Production) opened in San Francisco on June 22, 1978 with Patricia Ann Patts starring as Annie, Jennifer Cihi as Pepper and the then-unknown Molly Ringwald as one of the orphans. The show landed in Los Angeles on October 15, 1978 for an open-ended run at the Shubert Theatre. On June 12, 1979, Sirota, just 9 years old (up until that time, all Annies had been 11 years old), took over the role from Patts. Marisa Morell took the role in December 1979, closing the Los Angeles run and continuing on tour with the show through December 1980. Kristi Coombs then played Annie until this touring company closed in Philadelphia on January 23, 1982. Alyssa Milano played one of the orphans in 1981.

text: The 3rd National Touring Company opened in Dallas on October 3, 1979 with Rosanne Sorrentino (who would later go on to portray Pepper in the 1982 film version) in the title role. This company toured to 23 cities playing mostly shorter runs of a month or less. On March 27, 1981, Bridget Walsh took over as Annie. Becky Snyder (who had closed the 1st National Tour) joined this company in the summer of 1982 and stayed with it until it closed in September of that year.

text: The 4th National Touring Company opened on September 11, 1981 with Mollie Hall playing Annie. This production was a "bus and truck" tour, with a slightly reduced cast, that traveled the country and often played in two cities a week. This company was still touring when the original Broadway production closed in January 1983, making Kathleen Sisk the final performer to play Annie from the original production team. This tour closed in September 1983.

text: West End original[edit]

text: The musical premiered in the West End at the Victoria Palace Theatre on 3 May 1978. Andrea McArdle, the original Broadway Annie, played the title role for 40 performances. British 12-year-old Ann Marie Gwatkin was also cast in the title role and appeared on the Original London cast recording. The Opening night cast and the original sound track of children were Claire Hood, Jane Collins, Dawn Napier, Annette Mason, Helen Stephenson, Jackie Ekers and Linda Brewis. Ann Marie Gwatkin alternated with Christine Hyland and four other Annies were cast at this point: Anne O'Rourke, Jacinta Whyte, Helen Thorne, Rosa Michelle who were to play the role over the next year.  Suzie Kemeys, from South Wales also performed two stints in 1980/81. The first was as the character July in the chorus and the second was playing the title role of Annie. ITV Wales commissioned two documentaries about this young Welsh girl and her rise from obscurity to a West End leading lady. Following, this Ann Marie Gwatkin and Jackie Ekers shared the title role followed by many other casts of Annie. Miss Hannigan was originally played by Sheila Hancock, and later by Maria Charles and Stella Moray; Daddy Warbucks was played by Stratford Johns and later by Charles West, with Deborah Clarke playing Pepper in the first year and Melanie Grant playing Molly.

text: Annie closed on 28 November 1981, after 1485 performances.

text: UK tour[edit]

text: The musical transferred to the Bristol Hippodrome for a special Christmas season before touring Britain. Because of strict British employment laws for juvenile actors, a succession of actresses took on the lead role every four months. One of the last girls to perform the role at the Victoria Palace before the show went on tour was 10-year-old Claudia Bradley from Leeds who was featured on a 1981 BBC programme called Fame.

text: Broadway revival (1997)[edit]

text: A 20th anniversary Broadway revival, which played at the Martin Beck Theatre (now called the Al Hirschfeld Theatre) in 1997, entitled Annie, the 20th Anniversary,[5] starred Nell Carter as Miss Hannigan, but controversy surrounded the casting of the titular character. The original actress cast in the role, Joanna Pacitti, was fired and replaced by her fellow orphan, Brittny Kissinger[6] (who usually played orphan July) just two weeks before her Broadway debut, while battling bronchitis in Boston. The Pre-Broadway Tour was playing the Colonial Theatre. 'Annie' Understudy and Swing Orphan Alexandra Keisman performed the role the first night Pacitti was absent. The producers then gave Kissinger the next performance. The show then moved on to the Oakdale in Connecticut where an insert was placed in the Playbill claiming "The Role of Annie is now being played by Brittny Kissinger". Public sentiment seemed to side with Pacitti as she was the winner of a highly publicized contest to find a new Annie sponsored by the department store Macy's. This incident, coupled with the mixed reviews the new staging garnered, doomed it to a short run, although it was followed by a successful national tour. Kissinger, then 8, became the youngest actress to ever play Annie on Broadway.

text: More controversy surrounding the show involved Nell Carter. Carter reportedly was very upset when commercials promoting the show used a different actress, Marcia Lewis, a white actress, as Miss Hannigan. The producers claimed that the commercials, which were made during an earlier production, were too costly to reshoot. Carter felt that racism played a part in the decision. "Maybe they do not want audiences to know Nell Carter is black", she told the New York Post. However, the ads did mention that Carter was in the show. "It hurts a lot", Carter told the Post, "I've asked them nicely to stop it — it's insulting to me as a black woman."[7] Later reports stated that "Nell Carter of Broadway's 'Annie' denied Thursday that she called her show's producers racist because they chose to air commercials featuring a previous Miss Hannigan—who is white—instead of her."[8] Her statement, released by the Associated Press, read: " 'Yes, it is true that I and my representatives have gone to management on more than one occasion about the commercial and were told that there was nothing they could do about it,' Carter said in a statement Thursday. 'Therefore, I have resigned myself to the fact that this is the way it is.' The statement also addressed the alleged charges of racism, first published in Thursday's New York Post. Carter is black. 'I, Nell Carter, never, ever, ever accused my producers or anyone in the show of racism,' she said. Producers have said it is too expensive to film a new commercial."[9] Carter was later replaced by another white actress, Sally Struthers. The revival closed on October 19, 1997 after 14 previews and 239 performances.[10]

text: West End revival (1998)[edit]

text: The show was revived at the Victoria Palace, running from 30 September 1998 to 28 February 1999. It starred Lesley Joseph and then Lily Savage (the female alter ego of comedian Paul O'Grady) as Miss Hannigan and Kevin Colson as Warbucks. The young girls who played Annie were Charlene Barton, Tasha Gold, Libby Gore and Sophie McShera.[11]

text: 1999–2000 United States tour[edit]

text: Starting in August 1999, the post Broadway National Tour continued with Meredith Anne Bull as Annie. In the spring of 2000, Ashley Wieronski, who had been playing Duffy, moved up to play Annie. In July 2000, Dana Benedict took over as Annie.

text: 2000–2001 Australian tour[edit]

text: In 2000/2001 a tour played Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. Anthony Warlow starred as Daddy Warbucks with Amanda Muggleton as Miss Hannigan. A new song, "Why Should I Change a Thing", was written for Warlow.[12] Appearing as Annie in the Sydney production were Rachel Marley and Jodie McGaw. A publicist noted that "each time the show moves to a new city two casts of seven orphans plus two Annies have to be found to join the adult cast."[13]

text: 2001–2010 UK tours[edit]

text: Further UK tours of the show were also staged, including a one-month run at The Theatre Royal in Lincoln in 2001. Members of the original cast included Kate Winney and Jemma Carlisle as Annie, Louise English (Grace), Vicki Michelle (Miss Hannigan) and Simon Masterton-Smith (Daddy Warbucks). The show proved to be a success, and so for the first two tours and the Malaysian Genting Highlands Production, the role of Annie was then shared by Faye Spittlehouse and a young Lucy May Barker. Miss Hannigan was late performed by Sue Pollard and Ruth Madoc and Daddy Warbucks by Mark Wynter. This particular production toured from 2001–2007 and resumed in September 2008. The last tour of this production ended in 2011 with the role of Miss Hannigan still Su Pollard, David McAlister as Daddy Warbucks, Victoria Sian Lewis as Annie, and Simone Craddock as Grace Farrell.[14]

text: 2005–10 United States tours[edit]

text:
Starting in August 2005, a 30th anniversary traveling production of Annie[15] by NETworks Tours embarked on a multi-city tour. This production was directed by Martin Charnin. For the first year of the tour, Conrad John Schuck played Daddy Warbucks, Alene Robertson was Miss Hannigan and Annie was played by Marissa O'Donnell.[16] Throughout the run of the show, there were a couple of replacements, including Amanda Balon, who took over as Molly. For the 2nd year of the tour, Annie was played by Marissa O'Donnell again.[17] This Equity Tour closed on March 25, 2007, at the Hippodrome Theatre in Baltimore, Maryland.
The 2007–08 tour starred Amanda Balon as Annie.
The 2008–09 cast for the tour featured Tianna Stevens as Annie. Early in 2009, Amanda Balon returned temporarily to play the role of Annie until Madison Kerth was rehearsed to play the title role. Also returning were Barton, Andrews and Meisner. Other cast members included Mackenzie Aladjem (Molly). In the 2009–10 tour, Kerth returned as Annie along with most of the previous year's cast, adding Jordan Boezem (from Spotlight Kids in Sarasota, Fl) in the role of July.[18][19]

text: Broadway revival (2012)[edit]

text: A 35th Anniversary production opened on Broadway in 2012. Thomas Meehan revised the musical, with James Lapine directing.[20] Lilla Crawford starred as Annie[21] with Katie Finneran as Miss Hannigan,[22] and Anthony Warlow playing "Daddy" Warbucks.[23] Featured cast includes Brynn O'Malley, Clarke Thorell and J. Elaine Marcos as Grace Farrell, Rooster and Lily St. Regis (respectively).[24] The revival started previews at the Palace Theatre on October 3, 2012, and officially opened on November 8, 2012 receiving mostly mixed reviews.[24] Notable replacements include Jane Lynch and Faith Prince as Miss Hannigan.[25][26] On July 30, Taylor Richardson and Sadie Sink both began alternating the role of Annie, replacing Crawford.[27] This production closed on January 5, 2014, after 38 previews and 487 regular performances.[28]

text: 2014–17 United States tours[edit]

text: Starting in September 2014, a 40th anniversary traveling production of Annie was launched by TROIKA Entertainment. Directed by Martin Charnin, the tour kicked off in Detroit, Michigan. For the first year of the tour, Issie Swickle played the title character alongside Gilgamesh Tagget and Lynn Andrews as Oliver Warbucks and Miss Hannigan respectively. [29] There were many replacements throughout the tour, and by the end Gilgamesh Tagget was the only remaining original member. For most of the second year of the tour, Heidi Gray played the red head. For the third and final year of the tour Tori Bates played Annie and became the first bi-racial Annie in a professional production. [30] The 40th Anniversary performance was celebrated in Baltimore, Maryland on April 21, 2017 with Angelina Carballo as Annie. [31] The tour came to a close in Boston, Massachusetts on May 21, 2017 after 745 performances.

text: West End revival (2017)[edit]

text: A West End revival began at the Piccadilly Theatre in London opening on 5 June 2017 (previews beginning 23 May) for a limited run until 6 January 2018. Miranda Hart will make her musical debut as Miss Hannigan until 17 September, the production will be directed by Nikolai Foster and produced by Michael Harrison and David Ian. The production will be identical to the 2015–16 UK and Ireland tour.[32] The 3 girls who are sharing the main role are Madeleine Haynes (reprising her the role from the UK tour), Lola Moxom and Ruby Stokes. From 19 September, for a limited 10 week run, Craig Revel Horwood returned to the role of Miss Hannigan, reprising his role from the 2015–16 UK and Ireland tour. Due to phenomenal success at the box office, the production extended its limited run, with Meera Syal as Miss Hannigan from 27 November[33], through to the show's conclusion on 18 February 2018, when it will close to make way for the musical adaptation of Strictly Ballroom.[34]

text: International productions[edit]

text: Annie has been produced professionally in Argentina (19821), Australia (19781, 2000, 20111, 2012), Denmark (1982), Germany(1999), Hungary (1998), Ireland (2003, 20163), Israel (20011, 2010), Italy (1982,2006), Japan (1979, 1986, 2004, 2010, 2012)2, United Kingdom (19781, 1983, 1998, tours from 2000–2010), Mexico (19791,1991, 2010, 2015), Netherlands (1997–19991, 2005–20071, 2012–20131), Norway (19911, 20041, 2013 ), Philippines (1978, 1987, 1998, 2016), Portugal (1982,1, 2010), Spain (19821, 20001, 2010), Sweden (1979 (Stockholm), 1999 (Stockholm), 2005–2006 (Malmö)1), Peru (1986, 1997, 2002), Zimbabwe (2003), Russia (2002–2009), Colombia (2006), Belgium (1992, 2008–2009, 2012), Poland (1989), United Arab Emirates (2009), Denmark (2011), Puerto Rico (2012), Singapore (2012), Greece (2013).

text: 1Indicates the production made an official cast recording.

text: 2In Japan, a special demo recording of selected songs is made each year, with the new actress playing Annie.

text: 3In Ireland, in the 2016 production, the actresses playing Annie and Molly (Aoife McNamara & Simone McInerney) alternated between the roles.

text: Stage sequels[edit]

text: The first attempt at a sequel, Annie 2: Miss Hannigan's Revenge, opened at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. in December 1989 to universally disastrous reviews. Extensive reworking of the script and score proved futile, and the project ended before reaching Broadway.[35]

text: In 1993, a second attempt (with a similar plot and score) titled Annie Warbucks was developed in a workshop at the Goodspeed Opera House under the direction of Michael P. Price where the original Annie enjoyed its world premier in 1976. It subsequently opened at the Off Broadway Variety Arts Theatre, where it ran for 200 performances.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I
Overture – Orchestra
"Maybe" – Annie and Orphans
"It's the Hard Knock Life" – Annie and Orphans
"It's the Hard Knock Life" (Reprise) – Orphans
"Tomorrow" – Annie
"We'd Like to Thank You, Herbert Hoover" – Hooverville-ites
"Little Girls" – Miss Hannigan
"Little Girls" (Reprise) – Miss Hannigan
"I Think I'm Gonna Like It Here" – Grace, Annie and Staff
"N.Y.C." – Warbucks, Grace, Annie, Star-to-Be and Chorus
"N.Y.C." (Reprise) / "Lullaby" – Warbucks
"You Make Me Happy" – Miss Hannigan, Grace †
"Easy Street" – Rooster, Miss Hannigan and Lily
"You Won't Be an Orphan for Long" – Grace and Warbucks
"Why Should I Change a Thing?" – Warbucks ‡
"Maybe" (Reprise) – Annie

Act II
"Maybe" (Reprise II) – Annie
"You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile" – Bert Healy and the Boylan Sisters
"You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile" (Children Reprise) – Orphans
"Easy Street" (Reprise) – Rooster, Miss Hannigan and Lily
"Tomorrow" (Cabinet Reprise) – Annie, Roosevelt, Warbucks and Cabinet
"Tomorrow" (Cabinet Reprise II) – Roosevelt and the Cabinet
"Something Was Missing" – Warbucks
"Annie" – Grace, Drake and Staff
"I Don't Need Anything But You" – Warbucks and Annie
"Maybe" (Reprise III) – Annie
"A New Deal for Christmas" – Warbucks, Grace, Annie, Roosevelt and staff
"Tomorrow" (Finale) – Company

text:
† This number was added as a showcase for Nell Carter in the 1997 Broadway revival. It has not appeared in any subsequent productions.
‡ This number was added as a showcase for Anthony Warlow in a 2000 Australian production, and has since become an optional part of the show, as it notably did not appear in the 2012 Broadway revival,[36] also starring Warlow.

text: Recordings[edit]

text: The Original Broadway Cast recording was released in 1977; a CD containing bonus tracks was released on September 15, 1998 by Sony (ASIN: B00000AG6Z). The 1995 London studio cast recording, featuring the National Symphony Orchestra, stars Sarah French as Annie, Kim Criswell as Miss Hannigan and Ron Raines as Daddy Warbucks.

text: A 30th anniversary cast recording was released in 2008 on Time–Life Records. An all-star cast of former Annie cast members includes Carol Burnett, Sally Struthers, Kathie Lee Gifford, Andrea McArdle, John Schuck, Harve Presnell, Gary Beach and Amanda Balon. The rest of the cast is made up of the members of the 30th Anniversary Tour. This recording is a double CD set and includes the entire show as it is performed now on the first disc. The second one includes songs from the sequel, "Annie 2: Miss Hannigan's Revenge" as well as songs that were cut from or added to the original production. There is also a song from the 1977 Annie Christmas special. The booklet is made up of original drawings by Philo Barnhart, who is the creator of Ariel and Ursula in "The Little Mermaid", and is presented in a comic book style.[37]

text: Novelisations[edit]

text: Thomas Meehan[edit]

text: In 1980, Macmillan Books published Meehan's novelisation of his script for the musical, later reprinted by Puffin Books in 2014.  Several of the lyrics from songs from the show were adapted into dialogue and monologue for the novelisation, not least Tomorrow whose main lyric is depicted as being Annie's personal motto.  Meehan used the novel to restore material cut from his original storyline and develop the Annie story into his original concept of what he considered to be a 20th Century American version of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist, albeit with a female rather than male orphan as the protagonist.[3]

text: The novel goes into greater depth regarding the backgrounds of many of the characters and particularly about hardship at the orphanage, at which brutal beatings and emotional abuse from Miss Hannigan are everyday occurrences. Unlike the high camp portrayal of Miss Hannigan in most productions of the musical, the novelisation – in the tradition of Dickens' original novel of Oliver Twist – emphatically depicts her as a truly sinister and malevolent villainess – "a skinny hatchet faced woman with short jet-black hair (who) reminded the orphans of a particularly unpleasant looking – and all too real – Halloween witch".[38]

text: A greater emphasis is placed on the sheer drudgery and illegality of the orphans' sewing labours in the orphanage basement. However, whereas in the musical the orphans are not enrolled in school until the final scene, in the novelisation they attend a public school, PS62, where they suffer from snobbery from teachers and harassment from non-orphan pupils, particularly from a spoiled rich girl named Myrtle Vandenmeer. The legal name of Rooster's girlfriend Lily St Regis is given in the book as being Muriel Jane Gumper.[38][39]

text: In the novel, Annie spends several months on the run from the orphanage, initially spending the winter as resident staff in Bixby's Beanery, a low-grade café run by couple Fred and Gert Bixby, before escaping after she finds Sandy.  She then spends several months living in the Hooverville with Sophie and the Apple Seller (who is named as G. Randall "Randy" Whitworth Jr, a former stockbroker left destitute by the Depression) who, in the novelisation, are adult characters and a couple.  It is revealed at the end that Randy, Sophie and all the other Hoovervillites had been released from prison and given jobs and homes by Warbucks as gratitude for taking care of Annie.  Also reappearing at the end of the book is Sandy, previously written out of the book while fleeing police during the raid on the Hooverville, who it transpires was successfully traced by agents from Pinkerton hired by Warbucks.[38][39]

text: Leonore Fleischer[edit]

text: A second novelisation of Annie, by Leonore Fleischer, was published by Random House in 1982.  This was a tie-in with the film and was adapted directly from the screenplay.[40][41]

text: Film and television[edit]

text: The Columbia Pictures film was released in 1982, starring Albert Finney as Daddy Warbucks, Carol Burnett as Miss Hannigan, Ann Reinking as Grace Farrell, Tim Curry as Rooster, Bernadette Peters as Lily, and newcomer Aileen Quinn as Annie. A sequel, Annie: A Royal Adventure! was made for television in 1995. It starred Ashley Johnson, Joan Collins, George Hearn, and Ian McDiarmid. Aside from a reprise of "Tomorrow", there are no songs in it.

text: A made-for-TV Wonderful World of Disney movie version, produced by The Walt Disney Company and directed by Rob Marshall, was broadcast in 1999; it starred Victor Garber as Daddy Warbucks, Kathy Bates as Miss Hannigan, Audra McDonald as Grace Farrell, Alan Cumming as Rooster, Kristin Chenoweth as Lily, and newcomer Alicia Morton as Annie.

text: A documentary film, Life After Tomorrow, was directed and produced by one of the original Broadway and National Tour orphans, Julie Stevens and partner, Gil Cates Jr. It reunites more than 40 women who played orphans in the show and reveals the highs and lows of their experiences as child actresses in a cultural phenomenon. The film premiered on Showtime and was released on DVD in 2008.

text: In January 2011, Will Smith announced plans for a redux of Annie set in the present day, produced with his wife Jada Pinkett Smith and rapper Jay-Z for release by Columbia Pictures, now owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment.[42] This version was to star the Smiths' daughter, Willow, as Annie; as she had aged out of the part before production began, she was replaced by Academy Award-nominated actress Quvenzhané Wallis.[43] Directed by Will Gluck and released on December 19, 2014,[44][45] this version of Annie also stars Jamie Foxx as Will Stacks (an update of Daddy Warbucks),[46] Rose Byrne as Grace Farrell, and Cameron Diaz as Miss Hannigan.[47] The film's song score includes most of the original musical's songs plus new compositions produced by Greg Kurstin and Sia.[48]

text: Annie Jr.[edit]

text: Annie Jr. is a musical licensed by Music Theatre International's Broadway Junior collection, specially edited to be performed by youngsters in a shortened version. It is performed internationally every year by acting academies, programs, schools, and theatre camps.[49][50]  MTI also licenses another youth version of the show, called Annie KIDS, a 30-minute length version meant for elementary school aged performers.[51]

text: Stage differences (1977 musical)[edit]

text: The songs "We'd Like to Thank You Herbert Hoover", "A New Deal for Christmas", "Something Was Missing" and "Tomorrow (Cabinet Reprise)" were cut. There is only one version of "You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile", which is sung by the orphans. Also, there are only two "Maybe" reprises. The song "You won't Be an Orphan For Long" only features Annie and Daddy Warbucks. The songs "Easy Street" and "Little Girls" were also shortened.

text: Pop culture references[edit]

text: Annie's popularity is reflected in its numerous mentions in popular media. References to the show appear in films such as Austin Powers: Goldmember, where Dr. Evil and Mini-Me perform Jay-Z's version of the song 'Hard Knock Life'; and in the 1994 John Waters dark comedy Serial Mom, where a woman is bludgeoned to death with a leg of mutton by the titular serial killer while watching the 1982 film version and singing along. It is parodied in Reefer Madness, where President Franklin D. Roosevelt shows up as the deus ex machina at the end of the satirical musical to tell the assembled crowd, "A little orphan girl once told me that the sun would come out tomorrow. Her adopted father was a powerful billionaire, so I suppressed the urge to laugh in her face, but now, by gum, I think she may have been on to something!"

text: References in television series include:

text:
In The X-Files episode "Die Hand Die Verletzt (The hand that hurts)", Annie is suggested as a more appropriate school production than Jesus Christ Superstar, for a high school that turns out to be run by a Satanic coven.
Pushing Daisies where Emerson referred to Chuck's father as "Daddy Dead-bucks" in the episode entitled "The Norwegians" (Season 2: Episode 10).
An episode of SCTV, features a spoof commercial of the "original" cast, now older adults still playing their kid roles, performing the 8,000th performance of Annie.
Zoey 101, where Marc wants the school production changed to Annie.
Full House, where Stephanie Tanner sings the song in several episodes
The Family Guy episode "Peter, Peter, Caviar Eater" (1999), where the Griffin family inherits a luxury mansion, and the staff puts on a large-scale production number spoofing the song "I Think I'm Gonna Like It Here". Also, in the episode "Brian's Got a Brand New Bag" (2009), a number of "orphaned" DVDs (movies nobody wants to buy such as Enemy Mine, and What Dreams May Come) at a store, sing the opening of "Maybe".
"I Think I'm Gonna Like It Here" is also spoofed in the Drawn Together episode "Alzheimer's That Ends Well".
In the first episode of Boston Legal, Alan Shore represents a black girl who was not hired as Annie in the national tour, and wins the case with the help of Al Sharpton.
In the South Park episode "Ginger Kids", Eric Cartman and his group of Ginger Supremacists protest against Annie being played by a non-freckled, non-red-haired girl.
On Yes, Dear, Dominic and his new friend Ronnie put on a show for the parents including "Hard Knock Life", to Jimmy's horror.
On 30 Rock, Liz Lemon is discovered in her office after hours listening to music on her headset and singing "Maybe".
Also in 30 Rock, "The Tuxedo Begins", an unnamed caricature of an aspiring actress (quickly revealed to be a prostitute) sings parts of "NYC" both in the beginning and end of the episode. The role was played by thespian Sarah Schenkkan. The melody and harmony of the same song are quoted by the soundtrack of the episode, and a mariachi version is played over the closing credits.
The stop-motion comedy show Robot Chicken parodied Annie in episodes including "Maurice Was Caught" (2009).[52]
In "The Potter Puppet Pals", in the episode Neville's Birthday, Ron states that he is going to try out for the lead in Annie.
NCIS has referenced Annie twice: when Israeli character Ziva David's coworkers were explaining The American Dream to her, and when forensic scientist Abby Sciuto finds out she was adopted, calling herself as 'Little Orphan Abby'.
On Friends, Chandler shows his love of Annie by saying to Monica how she also has a copy of the Annie Soundtrack CD, but in fact, both are his.
"Lights Out", an episode of Glee, has cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) singing "Little Girls". Coincidentally, Lynch would go on to play Miss Hannigan in a 2013 revival of Annie.
In "Makeover", an episode of Glee, a guest starring Sarah Jessica Parker as Isabelle Wright from Vogue.com with Kurt Hummel and Rachel Berry sing "You're never fully dressed without a smile".
In the Netflix series Haters Back Off, Miranda Sings and her family attempt to mount a backyard production of Annie (with extensive book and score revisions) in the episode "Staring in a Musicall".

text: The song "Tomorrow" is sung in many media references, including by Joe's aunt in a scene in the film You've Got Mail; in Dave, by Kevin Kline and Sigourney Weaver; by Lewis on The Drew Carey Show; by Jane Krakowski in the fourth season of Ally McBeal; in Roseanne, by Darlene and Becky; by Reese Witherspoon in Just Like Heaven; by Donkey in the CGI movies Shrek II (although he passes out halfway through the second line) and Shrek Forever After when he is pulling the witches' cart to Rumpelstiltskin with an unconscious Shrek inside after making the deal with Rumpelstiltskin; in a commercial for Lowe's Hardware promoting their next-day delivery; by the Royle Family in the episode "The Queen of Sheba" of the eponymous series; by contestant Teresa Cooper on an episode of Survivor: Africa; in a Duel Masters episode, it is recited by Shobu; by Marta in School Of Rock; in Like Mike, by a couple hoping to be Calvin's adoptive parents; and in Addams Family Values. In the Ugly Betty episode "Lose the Boss" the song can be heard playing in the bedroom of Justin Suarez after he was sent there for fighting in school. Pastiche versions of the song are sung in the Disney theme park attraction It's Tough to be a Bug! and in the Rooms To Go next-day delivery ad campaign. The long-running Broadway parody production of Forbidden Broadway took up "Tomorrow" as sung by an adult Annie ("I'm thirty years old . . . tomorrow") pleading for a sequel to the original musical.

text: The climax of the animated film Igor involved a giant robot portraying Annie.

text: Other prominent media references include the following:

text:
Producer The 45 King heavily sampled "It's the Hard-Knock Life" from the original Broadway cast recording on rapper Jay-Z's single "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)" (1998).[53]
The NFL Network produced two Super Bowl ads in 2004 and 2005 featuring "Tomorrow." A series of football celebrities who were retired or did not make it to that year's Super Bowl would sing the song, ending with the caption, "...Tomorrow, we're all undefeated again."[54][55]
Comedian Zach Galifianakis lip-synched to a recording of "Tomorrow" during his monologue on the March 12, 2011 episode of Saturday Night Live. He was dressed as Annie.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Original Broadway production[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

1977

Tony Award

Best Musical

Won

Best Book of a Musical

Thomas Meehan

Won

Best Original Score

Charles Strouse and Martin Charnin

Won

Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical

Reid Shelton

Nominated

Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical

Andrea McArdle

Nominated

Dorothy Loudon

Won

Best Direction of a Musical

Martin Charnin

Nominated

Best Choreography

Peter Gennaro

Won

Best Scenic Design

David Mitchell

Won

Best Costume Design

Theoni V. Aldredge

Won

Drama Desk Award

Outstanding Musical

Won

Outstanding Book of a Musical

Thomas Meehan

Won

Outstanding Actor in a Musical

Reid Shelton

Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical

Dorothy Loudon

Won

Outstanding Director of a Musical

Martin Charnin

Won

Outstanding Choreography

Peter Gennaro

Won

Outstanding Music

Charles Strouse

Nominated

Outstanding Lyrics

Martin Charnin

Won

Outstanding Costume Design

Theoni V. Aldredge

Won

1978

Grammy Award

Best Cast Show Album

Won

text: 1997 Broadway revival[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

1997

Tony Award

Best Revival of a Musical

Nominated

text: 1998 London revival[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

1999

Laurence Olivier Award

Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical

Andrew Kennedy

Nominated

Best Theatre Choreographer

Peter Gennaro

Nominated

text: 2013 Broadway revival[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

2013

Tony Award

Best Revival of a Musical

Nominated

Drama Desk Award

Outstanding Actor in a Musical

Anthony Warlow

Nominated


document_title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)

question_text: who won im a celebrity get me outta here

text: Format[edit]

text: The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During their time in the jungle they are isolated from the outside world and are not commonly aware of outside events. The contestants compete for $100,000 to be donated to a charity of their choosing, in addition to being personally reimbursed for their participation.[9] While in the jungle, some of the contestants (generally voted by the viewing public) compete in challenges for food and luxuries for the camp. These challenges often involve local wildlife and are meant to take the contestants out of their comfort zone. Each week one or more of the contestants are evicted from the jungle, based on viewer votes. In addition, if the contestants become overwhelmed by their situation they can leave the series by speaking the phrase "I'm a celebrity get me out of here!". However, it is reported that if contestants do quit they will have their income for participating in the series markedly reduced.[10] Throughout the show, additional contestants (called "intruders") enter the competition; and beginning with season two, some contestants are only included temporarily (i.e. having a guest appearance).[11] In the end, a final viewer vote occurs to determine the winner of the series, who is given the title of "King and/or Queen of the Jungle".

text: Tucker trials[edit]

text: The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.

text: Celebrity chest challenges[edit]

text: Two or more celebrities are chosen to take part in the celebrity chest challenge to win luxuries for camp. Each challenge involves completing a task to win a chest to take back to camp. However, to win the luxury item in the chest, the campmates must correctly answer a question. If they fail to answer correctly, the luxury item is forfeited and a joke prize is won. The luxury item is "donated" by a celebrity from the outside.

text: Secret mission[edit]

text: This is a challenge where some celebrities have to take part without alerting the other celebrities - if they are successful in their 'missions', they are rewarded.

text: Mystery box[edit]

text: A mystery box sees a box delivered to the campsite, each time containing a different gift for the contestants.

text: Production[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The show is broadcast Sunday to Thursday at 7.30 pm, with a weekly eviction show on Sunday (except for the first week, where the celebrities arrive in the 'jungle'). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones.

text: The fallout zone[edit]

text: In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled The Fallout Zone but more commonly referred to as FOZ. The content of feed was available on the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran "The Butcher" Flannery, also known as "The C-Word". On 8 and 12 March 2015, producer Dominic "The Domin8or" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute conversation featuring a sound technician looking for Bob being picked up. On 5 March 2015 the show famously featured audio problems during which Mac and Flannery's voices fluctuated between chipmunk and Darth Vader filters for the first thirty minutes. The show's theme song is Highway to the Fallout Zone sung by Sam Mac. The show did not return for the second season.

text: Public voting[edit]

text: Throughout the show the public votes on who competes in the following tucker trial and who to evict from the campsite. Viewers can either vote via SMS (by texting the name of the celebrity to 1995 1010) or vote via Social Media (namely Facebook or Twitter) by using the celebrity's hashtag (#celeb[name]). Voting via social media is limited to 20 votes per account. For tucker trial voting, viewers vote for celebrity they wish to compete. For eviction voting, viewers vote for a celebrity to stay. Voting closes at approximately 7:30pm AEDT for Sunday's eviction vote and at approximately 8pm AEDT for voting on other days.

text: Prior to the premiere of the second season, it was announced that the voting process would change slightly compared to the inaugural season. SMS voting wil be used for both trial and eviction voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia.[12] However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals.[13]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Winners crowned King or Queen of their respective year.

text: Key:

text:
Season
Presenters
Start date
End date
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places

Winner
Second place
Third place

1
Chris Brown and Julia Morris
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
45
14
Freddie Flintoff
Barry Hall
Chrissie Swan

2
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
45
12
Brendan Fevola
Paul Harragon
Laurina Fleure

3
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
13 March 2017 (2017-03-13)
46
14
Casey Donovan
Dane Swan
Natalie Bassingthwaighte

4
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)
12 March 2018 (2018-03-12)
45
15
Fiona O'Loughlin
Shannon Noll
Danny Green

5

2019
2019

text: Series results[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Freddie Flintoff
England and Wales cricketer
17
45
Winner

 Barry Hall
Former AFL forward
1
45
Runner-up

 Chrissie Swan
Television & radio broadcaster
1
45
Third Place

 Maureen McCormick
The Brady Bunch actress
1
42
Evicted 11th

 Joel Creasey
Comedian
1
41
Evicted 10th

 Anna Heinrich
The Bachelor Australia star
10
41
Evicted 9th

 Julie Goodwin
Chef & cookbook author
17
40
Evicted 8th

 Merv Hughes
Former test match cricketer
1
39
Evicted 7th

 Tyson Mayr
Model
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Andrew Daddo
Television & radio presenter
1
31
Evicted 5th

 Lauren Brant
Hi-5 singer
1
24
Evicted 4th

 Laura Dundovic
Miss Universe Australia 2008
1
17
Evicted 3rd

 Tim Robards
The Bachelor Australia star
10
17
Evicted 2nd

 Leisel Jones
Olympic swimmer
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Brendan Fevola
AFL full-forward
1
45
Winner

 Paul Harragon
Former NRL prop forward
1
45
Runner-up

 Laurina Fleure
The Bachelor Australia 2 star
1
45
Third Place

 Anthony Callea
Singer-songwriter
1
42
Evicted 9th

 Shane Warne
Retired international cricketer
2
41
Evicted 8th

 Havana Brown
DJ
1
40
Evicted 7th

 Jo Beth Taylor
Television presenter
1
39
Evicted 6th

 Val Lehman
Prisoner actress
1
38
Evicted 5th

 Dean Geyer
Glee actor
1
31
Evicted 4th

 Bonnie Lythgoe
So You Think You Can Dance Australia judge
1
24
Evicted 3rd

 Akmal Saleh
Comedian
1
17
Evicted 2nd

 Courtney Hancock
Ironwoman
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Casey Donovan
Singer-songwriter (Australian Idol Winner)
1
46
Winner

 Dane Swan
AFL Legend
1
46
Runner-Up

 Natalie Bassingthwaighte
Singer & Actress
1
46
Third Place

 Nazeem Hussain
Comedian
1
45
Evicted 11th

 Steve Price
Radio Shock Jock
1
42
Evicted 10th

 Lisa Curry
Olympic Swimmer
1
41
Evicted 9th

 Ash Pollard
My Kitchen Rules contestant
1
40
Evicted 8th

 Carson Kressley
TV Personality
25
39
Evicted 7th

 Tegan Martin
Beauty Queen
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Keira Maguire
The Bachelor Australia 4 star
19
35
Evicted 5th

 Kris Smith
TV Personality & Model
2
35
Evicted 4th

 Tziporah Malkah
Former Model
2
31
Evicted 3rd

 Jay Laga'aia
Actor & Singer
1
24
Evicted 2nd

 Tom Arnold
Hollywood Actor
1
17
Evicted 1st

text: Season 4 (2018)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Fiona O'Loughlin
Comedian
1
45
Winner

 Shannon Noll
Singer
1
45
Runner-up

 Danny Green
Boxer
7
45
Third place

 Vicky Pattison
Reality TV Star (I'm a Celeb UK, Winner)
17
44
Evicted 10th

 Simone Holtznagel
Model
1
41
Evicted 9th

 Peter Rowsthorn
Actor & Comedian
1
40
Evicted 8th

 Jackie Gillies
Psychic & Reality TV Star
1
39
Evicted 7th

 Josh Gibson
AFL Player
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Paul Burrell
Former Royal Butler (I'm a Celeb UK, Runner Up)
17
37
Evicted 5th

 Lisa Oldfield
Reality TV Star
24
34
Evicted 4th

 David Oldfield
Former Politician
24
30
Evicted 3rd

 Kerry Armstrong
Actress
1
23
Evicted 2nd

 Tiffany Darwish
Singer
1
16
Evicted 1st

 Anthony Mundine
Boxer
2
12
Withdrew

 Bernard Tomic
Tennis Player
1
3
Withdrew

text: Season 5 (2019)[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Source

Premiere date
Premiere viewers
(Opening Night)
Rank
Premiere viewers
(Welcome to the Jungle)
Rank
Finale date
Finale viewers
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale viewers
(Winner announced)
Rank

1
31
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
1.199
4
1.136
5
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
0.999
8
1.144
3
[14][15]

2
31
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
1.324
3
1.081
5
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
0.719
8
0.858
6
[16][17]

3
32
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
1.103
7
0.963
8
13 March 2017
0.989
6
1.056
2
[18][19]

4
31
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)
1.274
4
1.108
5
12 March 2018
0.684
11
0.804
8
[20][21]

5

2019

2019

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.

2016
Logie Awards of 2016
Best Reality Program
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[22]

2017
Logie Awards of 2017
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[23]

2018
Logie Awards of 2018
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
N/A

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Arnold claims that he was promised a payment of $425,000 and a comedy tour in Australia, however he was missing $140,000 in payment and that Network Ten backed out of the comedy tour.[24]