document_title: Fifty Shades of Grey (film)

question_text: when did they film fifty shades of grey

question_tokens: when did they film fifty shades of grey

text: Fifty Shades of Grey (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Twenty-one-year-old Anastasia "Ana" Steele is an English literature major at Washington State University's ("WSU") satellite campus near Vancouver, Washington. When her roommate, Kate Kavanagh, becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey, a 27-year-old billionaire entrepreneur, for the college newspaper, Ana agrees to go in her place. At Christian's Seattle headquarters called Grey House, Ana stumbles her way through the meeting. Christian, who is that year's WSU commencement speaker, takes an interest in her; soon after, he visits the hardware store where Ana works. He agrees to Ana's request for a photo shoot to accompany the article for which Ana had interviewed him.

text: Christian invites Ana for coffee, but he leaves abruptly, saying he is not the man for her. Christian later sends Ana first edition copies of two Thomas Hardy novels, including Tess of the d'Urbervilles, as a gift.

text: Ana and her friends celebrate graduation at a local bar. After drinking too much, Ana spontaneously calls Christian, saying she is returning the books and berates his behavior towards her. Christian goes to the bar and finds Ana, who passes out. She wakes up the next morning in Christian's hotel room, relieved that they were not intimate.

text: Ana and Christian begin seeing each other, though he insists that she sign a non-disclosure agreement preventing her from revealing details about their dalliance. Christian explains that he only has interrelations involving bondage that is clearly defined in a signed contract. Ana reveals that she is a virgin. While considering the agreement and negotiating her own terms, and after visiting his "playroom", a room stocked with a variety of BDSM toys, furniture, and gear, she and Christian have sex.

text: Christian bestows Ana with gifts and favors, such as a new car and laptop computer. After Ana and Kate move to Seattle, Ana continues seeing Christian. During dinner at Christian's parents, Ana suddenly mentions she is leaving the next day to visit her mother in Georgia. Later, Christian becomes frustrated when Ana expresses she wants more than the one-sided relationship he proposes. She is shocked when Christian unexpectedly arrives in Georgia, they have sex again but he leaves soon afterward, to tend to an emergency in Seattle.

text: After returning home, Ana continues seeing Christian, who wants further sexual experimentation. Ana initially consents, but Christian keeps emotionally distant, upsetting her. While still considering the contract, and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically, Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would "punish" her for rule breaking. Christian whips Ana's buttocks six times with a belt. Upset and disgusted, Ana breaks up with Christian after concluding that he is wrong for her and his practices border on being deviant and excessive.

text: In an alternative ending, both Ana and Christian experience flashbacks. Christian jogs in the rain, while Ana sobs in her apartment. Christian encounters a gift Ana gave him with the note: "This reminded me of a happy time. —Ana".[6]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dakota Johnson as Anastasia 'Ana' Steele, a 21-year-old English Literature student attending Washington State University.
Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey, a 27-year-old billionaire, entrepreneur, and CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings Inc.
Eloise Mumford as Katherine "Kate" Kavanagh,[7] Anastasia's best friend/roommate who begins a relationship with Christian's older brother, Elliot Grey.
Jennifer Ehle as Carla Wilks,[8] Anastasia's mother.
Marcia Gay Harden as Dr. Grace Trevelyan-Grey,[9] Christian's adoptive mother.
Victor Rasuk as Jose Rodriguez,[10] one of Anastasia's close friends.
Luke Grimes as Elliot Grey,[11] Christian's adopted older brother.
Rita Ora as Mia Grey,[12] Christian's adopted younger sister.
Max Martini as Jason Taylor,[13] Christian's bodyguard and head of his security.
Callum Keith Rennie as Ray Steele, Anastasia's father.[14]
Andrew Airlie as Carrick Grey, Christian's adoptive father.
Dylan Neal as Bob Adams,[15] Anastasia's stepfather.
Anthony Konechny as Paul Clayton, the brother of the owner of Clayton's Hardware Store.
Emily Fonda as Martina
Rachel Skarsten as Andrea,[16] Christian's assistant

text: Production[edit]

text: By early 2013, several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to The New York Times bestselling Fifty Shades trilogy of novels.[17] Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Universal, and Mark Wahlberg's production company submitted bids for the film rights.[18][19] Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured the rights to the trilogy in March 2013.[5] Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process.[20] James chose The Social Network producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film.[4][21]

text: Although American Psycho writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for Fifty Shades of Grey,[22] Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of Saving Mr. Banks, was hired for the job.[23] Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some "character work".[24] Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring.[25] Mark Bridges served as the costume designer.[26] Entertainment Weekly estimated the film's budget as "$40 million-or-so".[27]

text: Direction[edit]

text: By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct,[28] but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule.[29] Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh.[30] In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation.[31] Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film.[32]

text: 9½ Weeks, Last Tango in Paris, and Blue Is the Warmest Colour were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film.[33]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been James's first choice for the role of Christian Grey,[34] but James felt that casting Pattinson and his Twilight co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be "weird".[35] Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian.[36][37] Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series The Vampire Diaries.[38] On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively.[39] The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia included Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones.[40] Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role.[41] Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film.[42] Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required.[43] Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's Persona.[33]

text: The studio originally wanted Ryan Gosling for Christian, but he was not interested in the role.[40] Garrett Hedlund was also considered, but he could not connect with the character.[40] Stephen Amell said he would not have wanted to play the role of Grey because "I actually didn't find him to be that interesting ... nothing about Christian Grey really spoke to me."[44] Hunnam initially turned down the role of Christian but later reconsidered it, following a meeting with studio heads.[45] Hunnam said of the audition process: "I felt really intrigued and excited about it so I went and read the first book to get a clearer idea of who this character was, and I felt even more excited at the prospect of bringing him to life. We [Taylor-Johnson and I] kind of both suggested I do a reading with Dakota, who was her favorite, and as soon as we got in the room and I started reading with Dakota I knew that I definitely wanted to do it. There's just like a tangible chemistry between us. It felt exciting and fun and weird and compelling."[46] In response to the negative fan reaction the casting drew, producer Dana Brunetti said: "There is a lot that goes into casting that isn't just looks. Talent, availability, their desire to do it, chemistry with other actor, etc. So if your favorite wasn't cast, then it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective."[47]

text: During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla.[8] On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series Sons of Anarchy.[48] Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey.[49][50] Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.[51] On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr.[10] On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh.[7] On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia.[52] Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack.[53] On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace.[9]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia.[54] The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013.[55]

text: Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.[56] Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver.[57] Bentall 5 was used as the Grey Enterprises building.[58][59]

text: The University of British Columbia serves as Washington State University Vancouver, from which Ana graduates.[60] The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver was used as the Heathman Hotel.[61][62]

text: The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios.[63] The production officially ended on February 21, 2014.[64] Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014.[65] The film was shot under the working title "The Adventures of Max and Banks."[66]

text: Music[edit]

text: James said that the film's soundtrack would be released on February 10, 2015.[67][68] The first single, "Earned It", by The Weeknd, was released on December 24, 2014.[69] On January 7, 2015, the second single, "Love Me like You Do" by Ellie Goulding was released, later reaching the top three on the Billboard Hot 100, and becoming a hit for the soundtrack.[70] A promotional single, "Salted Wound" by Australian recording artist Sia, was released on January 27, 2015.[71] To date, the soundtrack has sold 516,000 copies in the United States.[72]

text: Release[edit]

text: In February 2013, Universal chairman Adam Fogelson said the film "could be ready to release ... as early as next summer."[73] The studio initially announced an August 1, 2014, release.[74] However, in November 2013, it was pushed back to February 13, 2015, in time for Valentine's Day.[75] Fifty Shades of Grey was first screened at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015.[76] The film was released in 75 IMAX screens across the US on February 13, 2015.[77][78]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On January 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, "Mr. Grey will see you now", in five locations across the United States.[79] On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released.[80] On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday.[81]

text: On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014.[82] Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five days before the trailer's release.[83] On July 24, Dornan and Johnson were on The Today Show to present part of the trailer appropriate for morning television; the full trailer, which contained more racy scenes, was released later the same day on the internet (200 days before its initial theatrical release). The trailer featured a new version of "Crazy in Love" by Beyoncé, which was scored and arranged by her frequent collaborator Boots.[84][85][86][87] The trailer was viewed 36.4 million times in the week after its July 24 release. This made it the most viewed trailer on YouTube in 2014, until it was surpassed in October by the trailer for Avengers: Age of Ultron.[88] However, in mid-December the trailer reached 93 million views and was again the most viewed of 2014.[89] The trailer accumulated over 100 million views in its first week of release through different channels and websites, becoming the biggest trailer ever released in history.[90] By February 2015, the trailer had been viewed more than 193 million times on YouTube alone.[91] And by late February, Fifty Shades of Grey related material garnered over 329 million views including 113 million views for its official trailer.[87] A second trailer was released on November 13, 2014.[92] A third trailer aired during Super Bowl XLIX, on February 1, 2015.[93]

text: The film was promoted through an ad campaign that asked people whether they were "curious".[94] Nick Carpou, Universal's president of domestic distribution, said: "Our campaign gave people permission to see the film."[95] "Valentines is a big deal for couples and a great relationship event, and the date with the long Presidents Day weekend created a perfect storm for us. This date positioned us to take full advantage of the romance angle, which is how we sold the film in our marketing campaign," he said.[96]

text: Rating and censorship[edit]

text: There was initial speculation that the film could receive an NC-17 rating in the United States. Studios typically steer away from the adults-only rating due to the impact the classification has on a film's commercial viability, with some theater chains refusing to exhibit NC-17-rated films. While screenwriter Marcel said she expected the film to be NC-17-rated,[97] producer De Luca anticipated the less restrictive R rating.[98] On January 5, 2015, the MPAA did give the film an R rating, basing its decision on "strong sexual content including dialogue, some unusual behavior and graphic nudity, and language."[99]

text: On January 30, in Australia, the film was rated MA15+ by the ACB for "strong sex scenes, sexual themes and nudity".[100] On February 2, 2015, the British BBFC classified the film an 18 certificate, mentioning "strong sex".[2] In Canada, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia, the film was rated at 18A by the OFRB, MFCB, AFR, and BCFCO, respectively, due to its "occasional upsetting or disturbing scenes, and partial or full nudity in a brief sexual situation."[101][102] In Quebec, the Régie du cinéma rated the movie under the 16+ category for its eroticism.[103] In France, the film earned a 12 rating.[104] In Lebanon, the film earned an NC-21 rating.[105] In Argentina, the Advisory Commission of Cinematographic Exhibition (the rating arm of the INCAA) rated the film SAM16/R.[106]

text: Anti-pornography watchdog group Morality in Media argued that the film's R rating "severely undermines the violent themes in the film and does not adequately inform parents and patrons of the film's content", and that the MPAA was encouraging sexual violence by letting the film by without an NC-17 rating.[107][108]

text: The film was scheduled for a February 12, 2015, release in Malaysia, but it was denied a certificate by the Malaysian Film Censorship Board (LPF) for its "unnatural" and "sadistic" content. The LPF chairman, Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, said Fifty Shades was "more pornography than a movie."[109][110] The film was also banned in Indonesia,[111] Kenya,[111] Russia's North Caucasus,[112] the United Arab Emirates (UAE),[113] Papua New Guinea,[114] Cambodia,[115] and India.[116] The film was released in Nigeria for a week, before being removed from cinemas by the National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB).[117] Studios will not pursue a theatrical release in China.[111]

text: The film's sex scenes were censored after protests from various religious groups in the Philippines, and as a result it is in limited release in that country with an R-18 rating from the MTRCB.[110] A similarly cut version was released in Zimbabwe.[118]

text: Roughly 20 minutes were cut from the film for screening in Vietnam, leaving no sex scenes. The scene in which Ana is beaten with a belt is skipped entirely.[119]

text: Opposition campaign[edit]

text: On January 28, 2015, a campaign in the United States by the National Center on Sexual Exploitation started two petitions to boycott the film's release. Their website makes more than 50 allegations that the film has a negative impact on the community. It said, "Hollywood is advertising the Fifty Shades story as an erotic love affair, but it is really about sexual abuse and violence against women. The porn industry has poised men and women to receive the message that sexual violence is enjoyable. Fifty Shades models this porn message and Hollywood cashes the check."[120] By February 7, one of the petitions had garnered more than 53,000 signatures.[121]

text: On February 2, in Michigan, a man petitioned to halt the film's release at a local Celebration! Cinema. Despite the man's efforts, the president of the cinemas declined to cancel the release of the film. He said, "We've been in business for 70 years and people often times object to content, and it's not our job to censor the content of a widespread movie. It's not in our best interest. It's not in the community's best interest." The film sold 3,000 tickets before the release and was expected to sell a total of 10,000 tickets.[122][123]

text: The American Family Association called for theaters not to show the film: "The irony is not lost that the film's main character is named, 'Christian,' while this film presents anything but a 'Christian' view of intimacy ... It is the epitome of elevating abuse, and we call on all theaters to reject promoting such abuse on their screens."[124]

text: Thomas Williams of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture commented on the release of the film in the United States on Valentine's Day, stating "The irony of Universal Pictures' decision to release its bondage-erotica film Fifty Shades of Grey on the day dedicated to honoring a Christian martyr has not gone unnoticed to many observers, who seem to find the choice unclassy at best."[125]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Fifty Shades of Grey was released via DVD and Blu-ray on May 8, 2015. The Blu-ray edition features an unrated cut of the film;[126] the version includes an additional three minutes of footage, the bulk of which are in the form of an alternate ending.

text: Upon its release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks combined Blu-ray Disc and DVD sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks up to the week ending May 17, 2015.[127]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Fifty Shades of Grey grossed $166.2 million in North America and $404.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $571 million, against a budget of $40 million.[3] It is currently the fourth-highest-grossing film directed by a woman (behind Mamma Mia!, Kung Fu Panda 2, and Wonder Woman),[128] and at the time of the end of it's theatrical run, it was the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind The Hangover Part II, The Passion of the Christ, and The Matrix Reloaded).[129] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $256.55 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[130]

text: Tickets went on sale in the United States from January 11, 2015.[91] According to ticket-selling site Fandango, Fifty Shades of Grey is the fastest-selling R-rated title in the site's 15-year history, surpassing Sex and the City 2.[131] It also had the biggest first week of ticket sales on Fandango for a non-sequel film, surpassing 2012's The Hunger Games.[131][132] It is fourth overall on Fandango's list of top advance ticket sales behind The Twilight Saga: New Moon, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, and The Hunger Games.[133] The demand prompted US theater owners to add new showtimes.[131][134] Weeks before the film's release, several box office analysts suggested as much as a $60 million domestic four-day opening[91][135][136][137][138] while Box Office Mojo reported that a $100 million opening could be possible.[139]

text: Outside the United States, Fifty Shades of Grey pre-sold 4.5 million tickets in 39 markets.[140] In the UK, it sold £1.3 million ($1.9 million) worth of tickets a week before release.[141] On release, it set several records at the box office, including:

text:
Box office record
Record details
Previous record holder
Previous record holder details
Ref(s)

February opening weekend
$85,171,450
The Passion of the Christ
(2004, $83.8 million)
[142]

President's Day 4-Day opening weekend for any film
$93,010,350
Valentine's Day
(2010, $63.1 million)
[143]

President's Day 4-Day weekend for any film
$93,010,350
Valentine's Day
(2010, $63.1 million)
[143]

Widest R-rated opening
3,646 theaters
The Hangover Part II
(2011, 3,615 theaters)
[144]

Valentine's Day gross
$36,752,460
Valentine's Day
(2010, $23,392,046)
[145][146]

Opening weekend for a female directed film
$85,171,450
Twilight
(2008, $69,637,740)
[147]

Overseas opening weekend for an R-rated film
$156 million
The Matrix Revolutions
(2003, $117 million)
[148]

Highest-grossing Universal's R-rated film overseas
$385.1 million
Ted
(2012, $330 million)
[149]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, it is the highest-grossing sex film,[150] the seventeenth highest-grossing film of 2015,[151] and the fourth-highest-grossing romantic film of all time.[152] It opened in the U.S. and Canada simultaneously with Kingsman: The Secret Service on Thursday, February 12, 2015, across 2,830 theaters[153][154] and was widened to 3,646 theaters the next day making it the widest R-rated opening (surpassed by Mad Max: Fury Road),[155] and the fourth-widest R-rated release of all time.[156] It earned $8.6 million from Thursday night previews which is the second-highest late-night gross for a film released in February (behind Deadpool) and the third-highest for an R-rated film (behind Deadpool and The Hangover Part II).[153][157] The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.2 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,646 theaters setting a record for highest February opening day (previously held by The Passion of the Christ) and fourth-highest overall among R-rated films.[158][159] During its traditional three-day opening the film opened at No. 1 at the box office earning $85.1 million, setting records for the biggest opening weekend for a film released in February (a record previously held by The Passion of the Christ).[146] Women comprised 82% of the total audiences during its opening day,[160] and 68% on Valentine's Day.[161]

text: Revenue from the second weekend dropped massively by 73.9% to $22.25 million, which is the second-biggest drop for a 3,000-plus-screen release (only behind Friday the 13th's 80.4% drop) and the biggest for a 3,500-plus-screen release.[162][163][164] It is just the eighth film to open on more than 3,000 screens to drop by 70% or more.[165] The film topped the box office for two consecutive weekends before falling to No. 4 in its third weekend while Focus took the top spot.[166][167]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Outside the U.S. and Canada, box office analysts were predicting as much as $158 million opening.[168][169][170] It opened Wednesday, February 11, 2015, in 4 countries, earning $3.7 million.[171] It opened in 34 more countries on February 12, earning $28.6 million in two days.[172] The film set opening-day records for Universal Pictures in 25 markets and opening day records for an R-rated film in 34 territories.[169][170] Through Sunday, February 15, it earned an opening-weekend total of $156 million from 58 countries from 10,979 screens ($173.6 million through Monday) where it opened at No. 1 in 54 of the 58 countries, marking the biggest overseas opening for an R-rated film, the fourth-biggest of 2015, and Universal's third-biggest overseas opening weekend ever.[148] The film set an all-time opening record in 13 markets, Universal's biggest opening weekend ever in 30 markets and biggest opening for any R-rated film in 31 markets.[148]

text: The biggest opener outside of the United States was witnessed in the UK, Ireland and Malta, where it earned £13.55 million ($20.8 million) in its opening weekend, which is the biggest debut ever for an 18-rated film and the second-biggest for a non-sequel film (behind I Am Legend).[173][174] In just 10 days of release it became the highest-grossing 18-rated film of all time.[175] It topped the UK box office for two consecutive weekends.[176] Other high openings include Germany ($14.1 million), France ($12.3 million), Russia ($11 million), Italy ($10.1 million), Spain ($8.7 million), Brazil ($8.3 million), Mexico ($8.1 million), Australia ($8 million).[148] In Japan, the film was unsuccessful opening at No. 5 with $682,000 but falling out of the top 10 the following week.[177][178] The Hollywood Reporter cited out possible reasons for the film's failure, attributing it to the "delayed release of the new Japanese-language editions of the books, poor timing for the film release and an R-15, re-edit blurring out parts of the sex scenes."[179]

text: It topped the box office outside of North America for three consecutive weekends[180] until it was overtaken by Warner Bros.' Jupiter Ascending in its fourth weekend.[181] It became Universal Pictures' highest-grossing R-rated film of all time overseas (breaking Ted's record),[149] Universal Pictures' highest-grossing film in 14 countries,[nb 1] and Universal Pictures' eighth-highest-grossing film overseas.[182] In total earnings, its largest markets overseas are the UK, Ireland and Malta ($52.5 million), Germany ($43.7 million), Brazil, ($31.3 million), France ($29.5 million), and Spain ($22.6 million).[183][184][185]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Fifty Shades of Grey received generally unfavorable reviews from critics, with criticism aimed at its acting, screenplay, and pacing; however, some critics noted it as an improvement over the book, and others praised the performance of Dakota Johnson.[improper synthesis?] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 260 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "While creatively better endowed than its print counterpart, Fifty Shades of Grey is a less than satisfying experience on the screen."[186] The review aggregator website Metacritic gave the film a score of 46 out of 100, based on 46 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[187] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.[188]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today wrote that "the dialogue is laughable, the pacing is sluggish and the performances are one-note."[189] Moira Macdonald of The Seattle Times wrote: "Fifty Shades of Grey the movie, for the record, is not quite as bad as Fifty Shades of Grey the book. But that's not saying much".[190] We Got This Covered critic Isaac Feldberg gave the film one and a half stars out of five and wrote that it "feels like two, distinct films grappling for dominance over the screen: one a sensual and stylish romance, and the other a numbingly explicit Harlequin bodice-ripper brought to life. Regrettably, the latter and lesser of the two ends up on top".[191] The Guardian lead film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film one star out of five, calling it "the most purely tasteful and softcore depiction of sadomasochism in cinema history" with "strictly daytime soap" performances.[192] A. O. Scott of The New York Times called the movie "terrible", but wrote that "it might nonetheless be a movie that feels good to see, whether you squirm or giggle or roll your eyes or just sit still and take your punishment."[193]

text: In a positive review for The Daily Telegraph, Robbie Collin called the film "sexy, funny and self-aware in every way the original book isn't."[194] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York's Daily News praised the directing, screenplay, and Johnson's performance, but called Dornan's performance, the leads' chemistry, and the supporting cast "underused". She praised the film for honoring the essence of its source and the director's way of balancing "atmosphere with action".[195] In The Guardian, Jordan Hoffmann awarded the film three out of five stars, writing, "this big screen adaptation still manages to be about people, and even a little bit sweet", and that the sex scenes "are there to advance the plot, and only the most buttoned-up prude will be scandalised."[196] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B−, writing: "This perfectly normal way of consuming erotica suggests that the movie Fifty Shades of Grey will work better as home entertainment, when each viewer can race past the blah-blah about how well Christian plays the piano and pause on the fleeting image of the man minus his pants."[197] In The Sydney Morning Herald, Timothy Laurie and Jessica Kean argue that "the film provides a language for decision-making around violence more developed than most Hollywood fodder", and that "film fleshes out an otherwise legalistic concept like 'consent' into a living, breathing, and at times, uncomfortable interpersonal experience. It dramatises the dangers of unequal negotiation and the practical complexity of identifying one's limits and having them respected."[198]

text: Various critics have noted the similarities between Fifty Shades of Grey and Adrian Lyne's 9½ Weeks (1986).[199][200][201] Both films are literary adaptations, centering on a sadomasochistic affair.[202][203]

text: In an interview in June 2017, Taylor-Johnson later admitted to regretting directing the movie claiming that her differences with E. L. James caused her to walk away from the series.[204][205]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Awards

Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Ref

Academy Awards
Best Original Song
Belly, Stephan Moccio, Jason Quenneville, and The Weeknd for "Earned It"
Nominated
[206]

Brit Awards
British Single of the Year
Ellie Goulding for "Love Me like You Do"
Nominated

Critics' Choice Awards
Best Song
"Love Me like You Do"
Nominated
[207]

Golden Globe Awards
Best Original Song
Savan Kotecha, Max Martin, Tove Lo, Ali Payami and Ilya Salmanzadeh for "Love Me like You Do"
Nominated
[208]

Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Picture
Michael De Luca, Dana Brunetti, E. L. James
Won
[209]

Worst Director
Sam Taylor-Johnson
Nominated

Worst Actor
Jamie Dornan
Won

Worst Actress
Dakota Johnson
Won

Worst Screen Combo
Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson
Won

Worst Screenplay
Kelly Marcel
Won

Grammy Awards
Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media
Fifty Shades of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Nominated
[210]

Best Song Written for Visual Media
Savan Kotecha, Max Martin, Tove Lo, Ali Payami and Ilya Salmanzadeh for "Love Me like You Do"
Nominated

Ahmad Balshe, Stephan Moccio, Jason Queenneville and Abel Tesfaye for "Earned It"
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Breakthrough Performance
Dakota Johnson
Nominated
[211]

Best Kiss
Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson
Nominated

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Dramatic Movie
Fifty Shades of Grey
Nominated
[212]

Satellite Awards
Best Original Song
"Love Me like You Do"
Nominated
[213]

text: Pornographic-adaptation lawsuit[edit]

text: In June 2012, the film company Smash Pictures announced its intent to film a pornographic version of the Fifty Shades trilogy, entitled Fifty Shades of Grey: An XXX Adaptation.[214] A release date of January 10, 2013, was announced.[215] In November 2012, Universal, which had secured the Fifty Shades film rights, filed a lawsuit against Smash Pictures, stating that the film violated its copyright in that it was not filmed as a parody adaptation but "copies without reservation from the unique expressive elements of the Fifty Shades trilogy, progressing through the events of Fifty Shades of Grey and into the second book, Fifty Shades Darker".[216]

text: The lawsuit asked for an injunction, for the profits from all sales of the film, as well as damages,[217] saying that "a quickly and cheaply produced pornographic work [...] is likely to cause Plaintiffs irreparable harm by poisoning public perception of the Fifty Shades Trilogy and the forthcoming Universal films."[218] Smash Pictures responded to the lawsuit by issuing a counterclaim and requesting a continuance, stating that "much or all" of the Fifty Shades material was part of the public domain because it was originally published in various venues as a fan fiction based on the Twilight series. A lawyer for Smash Pictures further commented that the federal copyright registrations for the books were "invalid and unenforceable" and that the film "did not violate copyright or trademark laws".[219] The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court for an undisclosed sum and Smash Pictures agreed to stop any further production or promotion of the film.[220]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: In April 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that E. L. James's husband, Niall Leonard, was enlisted to write the script for the film's sequel.[221] In the same month, at the 2015 Universal CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Universal announced the release dates of the sequels, with Fifty Shades Darker being released on February 10, 2017, and Fifty Shades Freed scheduled for February 9, 2018.[222] However, the sequels will not see Sam Taylor-Johnson returning as director.[223] On August 20, 2015, the U.S. House of Cards director James Foley was a frontrunner to direct the sequel.[224] In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back.[225]

text: Parody[edit]

text: A spoof version of the film, Fifty Shades of Black, was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States;[226] IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard.[227] Principal photography began on August 11, 2015, in Los Angeles, with a production budget of around $5 million.[227][228]


document_title: Majnu-ka-tilla

question_text: nearest metro station to majnu ka tilla delhi

root

text: Majnu-ka-tilla

text: History[edit]

text: The historic name of area, literally means the hillock of Majnu, after the tilla or mound where during the reign of Sikandar Lodhi (r. 1489–1517) on Delhi Sultanate, a local Iranian Sufi mystic, Abdulla nicknamed Majnu (lost in love), met Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak on July 20, 1505. Majnu ferried people across the Yamuna river for free as a service to God, his devotion resulted in the Nanak staying here till end July. In later history Sikh military leader Baghel Singh built the Majnu ka Tila Gurudwara to commemorate the stay in 1783, and the sixth Sikh guru, Guru Har Gobind also stayed here. Today it is one of oldest extant Sikh shrines in Delhi and the surrounding estate of donated by early 19th-century Sikh emperor, Ranjit Singh.[7][8][9]

tag: p

text: Majnu Ka Tilla area has three main residential settlements with total 3000–3500 homes, Aruna Nagar, New Aruna Nagar and Old Chandrawal village, which was built up in early 1900s, when British government settled labourers involved in the construction of the Central Secretariat buildings, during the construction of the New Delhi. The next round of settlement came post-independence in 1958-59, when Aruna Nagar was developed by the Land and Development wing of the Ministry of Urban Development as it disburses 925 plots of 40 sq. yard each, to people resettled here from various part of North Delhi. The Tibetan refugee camp later named New Aruna Nagar developed after 1960.[9]

text: Tibetan settlement: 1960 to present[edit]

text: Just as Aruna Nagar was developing, the 1959 Tibetan uprising took place in March, most residents of Majnu-ka-tilla left Tibet in 1959-60, when the Dalai Lama too went into exile to Dharamshala. Soon, a small Tibetan refugee camp up across the road, on the Yamuna riverbed.[1][9] The land was allotted by the Government of India to the refugees in 1960.[10] After the Sino-Indian War in 1962, many of the refugees who had previously settled temporarily near the Indo-Chinese border shifted here.[9] Today, it is home to second generation of Tibet refugees and is also known as Samyeling, through colloquially as "Little-Tibet" or "Mini-Tibet".[11][12]

text: The legal status of Majnu-ka-tilla has previously come into dispute. In 1995, residents were "given a formal assurance from the Centre" that they would be allowed to remain at the site until the international dispute over Tibet was settled.[4] In June 2006, the colony was served a court-issued notice indicating that it would be demolished in connection with the Delhi government's road expansion and Yamuna River beautification plan.[13][14] At least two buildings were demolished in connection with this order.[6] As of 2012, however, a court order had avoided eviction, regularising the status of the colony.[15][16] In March 2013, Government of Delhi included New Aruna Nagar (Tibetan refugee camp) in its list of 895 "to-be-regularised colonies".[9]

text: The refugee colony experienced widespread flooding in 2010 rainy season, as a result many of the residents took reinforcement measure in their buildings.[17] On June 20, 2013, during the North India floods, the Yamuna river breached its banks and inundated numerous houses in the low-lying area. They remained partially submerged for several days, and people shifted to upper floors or to relief camps. The floods also lead to power outages and water shortages, raising concerns of health hazards.[18][19][20]

text: Economy[edit]

text: The economy of Majnu-ka-tilla centres around hotels, guest-houses and restaurants.[6] Another important aspect of the economy is home rentals as a large population is cramped in closely built houses, several floors high and approachable through narrow bylanes.[9] In addition, there is a market of retail stalls, including bookshops, curio shops, metalsmiths, and a beauty parlour; internet cafes, and travel agencies.[3][6] The neighbourhood is popular among foreign and domestic tourists as well as among Delhi University students.[3]

text: Tourism[edit]

text: Over the years, New Aruna Nagar (Tibetan refugee settlement) has emerged as popular destination for foreign tourists and students from North Campus of Delhi University. It houses a small monastery and Buddhist temple, besides numerous restaurants specialising in Tibetan cuisine, curio shops selling Tibetan handicrafts and stores selling the latest fashionwear and gadgets.[9][12]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: The colony had approximately 2,500 residents in 378 family groups as of 2000.[1] Residents have strong ethnic identification: in one survey of young adult recent arrivals from Tibet and young adult children of Tibetan refugees in Majnu-ka-tilla, all identified as 100% Tibetan, nearly all wanted to marry Tibetans, and around 60% said that 80% or more of their friends were Tibetan.[1]

text: Administration[edit]

text: Administratively, it falls under the Civil Lines subdivision of the North Delhi district of NCT Delhi.[2]

text: Transport[edit]

text: The area lies on a stretch of the National Highway 1, which is part of the historic Grand Trunk Road and the Outer Ring Road of Delhi. It is at a walkable distance from ISBT Kashmere Gate. It is approachable through the Kashmeri Gate station of the Delhi Metro, lies on both the Red (Dilshad Garden -Rithala) and Yellow Lines (Samaypur Badli - HUDA City Centre)[21]. It is a transfer station between the Red Line on the highest upper level and the Yellow Line on the lowest level.[22] The Vidhan Sabha metro station is 1.5 km away.[9]

text: Everyday Problems[edit]

text: Tibetans in exile in India have donned three different identities at once—they are “Tibetan citizens” for the Tibetan government-in-exile, “foreign guests” in the eyes of then Indian state, and that of refugees for the international community.[23] There is a huge disparity in the determination of the status of the refugees. For these countries, it allows the UNHCR to determine their refugee statuses, which is clearly odd since India hasn’t ratified the 1951 Convention. The lack of any formal structure whatsoever in this case leads to the state following the Foreigners Act as the statute to deal with the entry and exit of these people. Since there is no central government body, the entire responsibility of dealing with the refugees rests on Foreign Regional Refugee Offices (FRRO), under the Bureau of Immigration India. For people who have fled their countries following extreme persecution—the Rohingyas for instance—the situation becomes very precarious since the state can exterminate them on its whims without having to provide a valid reason. The state, thus reserving the power to decide whom to extend hospitality, furthers an ad hoc and discriminatory treatment towards various refugees. This disparity in treatment affects the refugees not only in terms for residency and employment, but also refugee status being extended to only certain groups. This lacuna of a formal structure makes “the negotiations of the refugee rights informal and arbitrary as we have no obligation under the international law, but there is also open space for political negotiation."[23]

text: Various reasons can be attributed to the disparate treatment of these refugees, the state stands to gain on a lot of fronts from overlooking the rights of the refugees and giving them a chance to reconstruct their lives with dignity in a foreign country they have sought refuge in. Different hierarchies in the state have different aspirations that they march to fulfil at the expense of the people they are required to serve, since the state is not a monolith.

text: For instance, Banks are another centre of daily dealings between refugees and government officials. Opening a bank account is a tedious process for refugees since they require the person to be stating their nationality. The ones who produce their Registration Certificate (RC, hereafter) are rejected by bank officials out of sheer denial to understand the situation of the refugees; they do not own passports in the first place. Annual renewal of RC is one of the various regular places of interaction between the state and the refugees. Since this renewal is done entirely at the discretion of local officials, this becomes a stressful experience for a lot of them. McConnell[23] points out one such instance where a hotel receptionist in Majnu Ka Tilla complains:

text: I sometimes take my relatives to FRO office [Foreigners Registration Office]. Some days they will give papers OK but then other days they will refuse and say they are going to, and then they demand baksheesh [bribe]. I’m tired of this Indian way of doing things.

text: Moreover, there are certain sections of Tibetan refugees who are entitled to get RCs— as McConnell (2013) mentions, those who came to India between 1959 and 1979, Tibetans born in India, and designated Tibetans who arrived in India after 2003 and who carry a Special Entry Permit(SEP) for the persons of Tibetan origin issued by the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu. This leaves out Tibetans who arrived between 1979 and 2003. Such a situation produces anxiety in them that makes room for the government to use them to manipulate its stance in its relations with other nations.


question_text: who appointed the comptroller and auditor general of india

text: Appointment[edit]

text: The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India is appointed by the President of India[8] following a recommendation by the Prime Minister. On appointment, he/she has to make an oath or affirmation before the President of India.

text: Oath or affirmation[edit]

text: "I,(name of the person being appointed), having appointed Comptroller and Auditor-General of India do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgement perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will and that I will uphold the Constitution and the laws.

text: Duties of the CAG[edit]

text: As per the provisions of the constitution, the CAG’s (DPC) (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971 was enacted. As per the various provisions, the duties of the CAG include the audit of:

text:
Receipts and expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India and of the State and Union Territory having legislative assembly.
Trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts and balance sheets, and other subsidiary accounts kept in any Government department; Accounts of stores and stock kept in Government offices or departments.
Government companies as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
Corporations established by or under laws made by Parliament in accordance with the provisions of the respective legislation.
Authorities and bodies substantially financed from the Consolidated Funds of the Union and State Governments. Anybody or authority even though not substantially financed from the Consolidated Fund, the audit of which may be entrusted to the C&AG.
Grants and loans given by Government to bodies and authorities for specific purposes.
Entrusted audits e.g. those of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies under Technical Guidance & Support (TGS).

tag: ul

text: Recent achievements[edit]

text: Recently the CAG under Vinod Rai has constantly been in the limelight for its reports exposing mega corruption, particularly in 2G spectrum case, Commonwealth Games scam and other scams.[9][10]

text: Suggested reforms[edit]

text: In June 2012, Lal Krishna Advani a veteran Indian politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of India (as well as former Leader of the Opposition in Indian Parliament)[11] suggested that CAG's appointment should be made by a bipartisan collegium consisting of the prime minister, the Chief Justice of India, the Law Minister and the Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.[12][13] Subsequently, M Karunanidhi, the head of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party and five times Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu[14] supported the suggestion. Advani made this demand to remove any impression of bias or lack of transparency and fairness because, according to him, the current system was open to "manipulation and partisanship".[12][13] Similar demand was made by many former CEC's such as B B Tandon, N Gopalaswamy and S Y Quraishi,[15] however the government did not seem too keen.[16]

text: CPI MP Gurudas Dasgupta wrote a letter to the PM and demand CAG has appointed by the collegium of consisting the PM, the CJI and the leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha but the PM declined. Former CAG V. K. Shunglu has suggested in its CWG scam report that CAG be made a multi-member body.[17]

text: PMO minister V.Narayanasamy in his interview with PTI said Government is considering the Shunglu panel report but PM and Finance Minister declined it. Later V. Narayanasamy said he misquoted but PTI reaffirmed it.[18]

text: rvice) Act, 1971". His salary is same as that of judge of the Supreme court of India. Neither leave of absence, pension or age of retirement can be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. The CAG is not eligible for further office either under the Government of India or under the Government of any State after he has ceased to hold his office. These provisions are in order to ensure the independence of CAG.[2][19]

text:
Salary of CAG

Date
Salary

1 January 2006
₹90,000 (US$1,400)[1][20]

tag: table

text: Removal[edit]

text: The CAG can be removed only on an address from both house of parliament on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. The CAG vacates the office on attaining the age of 65 years age even without completing the 6 years term by impeachment also.

text: Indian Audit and Accounts Service[edit]

text: The Constitution of India [Article 148] provides for an independent office to the CAG of India. He or she is the head of Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He/She has a duty to uphold the Constitution of India and laws of the Parliament to safeguard the interests of the public exchequer. The Indian Audit and Accounts Service aids the CAG in the discharge of his/her functions.

text: Scope of audits[edit]

text:
"CAG is not a munimji or an accountant or something like that... He is a constitutional authority who can examine the revenue allocation and matters relating to the economy. CAG is the principal auditor whose function is to go into the economy, effectiveness and efficiency of the use of resources by the government. If the CAG will not do, then who else will do it"

– Observation of a bench of Supreme Court of India while dismissing a petition challenging CAG reports on 2G spectrum, Coal Blocks Allotment, etc.[21]

tag: div

text: Audit of government accounts (including the accounts of the state governments) in India is entrusted to the CAG of India who is empowered to audit all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of the union or state governments, whether incurred within India or outside, all revenue into the Consolidated Funds and all transactions relating to the Public Accounts and the Contingency Funds of the Union and the states. Specifically, audits include:

text:
Transactions relating to debt, deposits, remittances, Trading, and manufacturing
Profit and loss accounts and balance sheets kept under the order of the President or Governors
Receipts and stock accounts. CAG also audits the books of accounts of the government companies as per Companies Act.

text: In addition, the CAG also executes performance and compliance audits of various functions and departments of the government. Recently, the CAG as a part of thematic review on "Introduction of New Trains" is deputing an auditors' team on selected trains, originating and terminating at Sealdah and Howrah stations, to assess the necessity of their introduction.[22] In a path-breaking judgement, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the CAG General could audit private firms in revenue-share deals with government.

text: CAG has been elected the Chairman of the United Nations' Board of Auditors.[23][24]CAG has been appointed as external auditor of eleven UN organisations[25]:

text:
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO),
United Nations Secretariat (Volume 1),
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),
United Nations Escrow (Iraq) Account,
United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund (UNJSPF),
Strategic Heritage Plan (SHP),
United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC),
International Trade Centre (ITC)-Capital Master Plan (CMP),
United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS),
Information Communication Technology (OICT),
Umoja.

text: Mr Omkar Goswami is an Indian who is presently one of the External Auditors of the UN organisation World Food Programme (WFP) headquartered at Rome, Italy.[26]

text: Reforms suggested by former CAG Vinod Rai[edit]

text: In November 2009, the CAG requested the government to amend the 1971 Audit Act to bring all private-public partnerships (PPPs), Panchayti Raj Institutions and societies getting government funds within the ambit of the CAG.The amendment further proposes to enhance CAG’s powers to access information under the Audit Act. In the past, almost 30% of the documents demanded by CAG officials have been denied to them.[27] The PPP model has become a favourite mode of executing big infrastructure projects worth millions of rupees and these projects may or may not come under the audit purview of the CAG, depending on sources of funds and the nature of revenue sharing agreements between the government and the private entities. Currently, it is estimated that 65 percent of government spending does not come under the scrutiny of the CAG.[28]

text: Prominent audit reports[edit]

text: Following are some of the most debated CAG reports:

text: 2G Spectrum allocation[edit]

text: A CAG report on issue of Licences and Allocation of 2G Spectrum[29] resulted in a huge controversy. The report estimated that there was a presumptive loss of ₹1,766 billion (US$27 billion) by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government.[30] In a chargesheet filed on 2 April 2011 by the investigating agency Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the agency pegged the loss at ₹310 billion (US$4.7 billion)[31]

text: All the speculations of profit, loss and no-loss were put to rest on 2 February 2012 when the Supreme Court of India on a public interest litigation (PIL) declared allotment of spectrum as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued in 2008 during tenure of A. Raja (then minister for communications & IT in the UPA government) the main accused.[32] The court further said that A. Raja "wanted to favour some companies at the cost of the public exchequer" and "virtually gifted away important national asset".[33]

text: Revenue loss calculation was further established on 3 August 2012 when according to the directions of the Supreme Court, Govt of India revised the reserve price for 2G spectrum to ₹140 billion (US$2.1 billion)[34][35]

text: However, the special court in New Delhi acquitted all accused in the 2G spectrum case including prime accused A Raja and Kanimozhi on December 21, 2017, the verdict was based on the fact that CBI could not find any evidence against the accused in those 7 years. Per the judgement, "Some people created a scam by artfully arranging a few selected facts and exaggerating things beyond recognition to astronomical levels."

text: Coal Mine Allocation[edit]

text: A 2012 CAG report on Coal Mine Allocation[36] received massive media and political reaction as well as public outrage. During the 2012 monsoon session of the Parliament, the BJP protested the Government's handling of the issue demanding the resignation of the prime minister and refused to have a debate in the Parliament. The deadlock resulted in Parliament functioning only seven of the twenty days of the session.[37][38]

text: The CAG report criticised the Government by saying it had the authority to allocate coal blocks by a process of competitive bidding, but chose not to.[39] As a result, both public sector enterprises (PSEs) and private firms paid less than they might have otherwise. In its draft report in March, the CAG estimated that the "windfall gain" to the allocatees was ₹10,673 billion (US$160 billion).[39] The CAG Final Report tabled in Parliament put the figure at ₹1,856 billion (US$28 billion)[40]

text: While the initial CAG report suggested that coal blocks could have been allocated more efficiently, resulting in more revenue to the government, at no point did it suggest that corruption was involved in the allocation of coal. Over the course of 2012, however, the question of corruption came to dominate the discussion. In response to a complaint by the BJP, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) directed the CBI to investigate the matter. The CBI named a dozen Indian firms in a First Information Report (FIR), the first step in a criminal investigation. These FIRs accuse them of overstating their net worth, failing to disclose prior coal allocations, and hoarding rather than developing coal allocations.[41][42] The CBI officials investigating the case have speculated that bribery may be involved.[41]

text: Fodder scam[edit]

text: The scandal was first exposed due to the CAG report in the matter in December 1995. The report alleged of fraudulent withdrawal of government funds worth ₹9.5 billion (US$150 million) in the Bihar animal husbandry department against non-existent supplies of fodder and medicines.[43] Subsequently, based on Patna High Court's orders, CBI investigated the case and registered as many as 63 cases. Many accused have been convicted while many cases are still under trial.[44]

text: Krishna-Godavari (KG) D-6 gas block[edit]

text: The oil ministry imposed a fine of ₹7000 crores on Mukesh Ambani's company for the sharp drop in production of gas and violations mentioned in CAG's 2011 report. Oil ministry did not approve company's US$7.2 billion stake in deal with BP.[45][46][47] So Jaipal Reddy known for his honesty was shifted from oil ministry to the Science and Technology ministry owing to pressure from Reliance group of Industries.[48][49][50] RIL allowed the CAG to begin the audit in April this year after stalling it for a year. But unresolved issues could stall audit of KG Basin again.[51] Then Reliance appointed Defence Secretary Shashikant Sharma as new CAG to audit KG Basin, said Prashant Bhushan.[52] In KG D-6, most of the cost had been recovered by the private player and the increase in price would only go as profit. About 90% of receipts from K-G D-6 were so far booked as expenditure and in the remaining 10%, only 1% was paid to the government and rest 9% went to the operator as profit.[53]

text: List of Comptroller and Auditors General of India[edit]

text:
No.
Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Year tenure began
Year tenure ended

1
V. Narahari Rao
1949
1954

2
A. K. Chanda
1954
1960

3
A. K. Roy
1960
1966

4
S. Ranganathan
1966
1972

5
A. Bakshi
1972
1978

6
Gian Prakash
1978
1984

7
T. N. Chaturvedi
1984
1990

8
C. G. Somiah
1990
1996

9
V. K. Shunglu
1996
2002

10
VN Kaul
2002
2008

11
Vinod Rai
2008
2013

12
Shashi Kant Sharma
2013
2017

13
Rajiv Mehrishi
2017
Incumbent(6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier)

text: Source:[54] [55]


document_title: I Am that I Am

question_text: when did god say i am who i am

question_tokens: when did god say i am who i am

text: I Am that I Am

text: Context and interpretation[edit]

text: Its context is the encounter of the burning bush (Exodus 3:14): Moses asks what he is to say to the Israelites when they ask what God has sent him to them, and Yahweh replies, "I am who I am," adding, "Say this to the people of Israel, 'I am has sent me to you.'"[2] ’Ehyeh is the first person form of hayah, "to be", and owing to the peculiarities of Hebrew grammar means both "I am", "I was", and "I will be".[3] The meaning of the longer phrase ’ehyeh ’ăšer ’ehyeh is debated, and might be seen as a promise ("I will be with you") or as statement of incomparability ("I am without equal") .[4]

text: The passage raises a number of issues beyond to its linguistic and theological meaning. It is, for example, somewhat remarkable that despite this exchange the Israelites never ask Moses for the name of God.[5] Then there are a number of probably unanswerable questions, including who it is that does not know God's name, Moses or the Israelites (most commentators take it that it is Moses who does not know, meaning that the Israelites will ask him the name in order to prove his credentials), and just what the statement means.[5] The last can be approached in three ways:

text:
"I am who I am" - an evasion of Moses's question;
“I am who am” or "I am he who is" - a statement of the nature of Israel's God;
"'I Am' is who I am", or "I am because I am" - this version has not played a major part in scholarly discussion of the phrase, but the first variant has been incorporated into the New English Bible.[6]

text: Scholarly explanation[edit]

text: In her Open Yale Course, Lecture 7, Chapter 5 ("Descriptions of God in the Bible"), professor Christine Hayes considers the possibilities and is tempted to read "Ehyeh asher ehyeh" as God's reluctance to tell Moses his name:

text: Moses says: May I say who sent me? He asks for God’s name. The Israelites will want to know who has sent me, and God replies with a sentence, “Ehyeh asher ehyeh.” This is a first person sentence that can be translated, “I am who I am,” or perhaps, “I will be who I will be,” or perhaps, “I cause to be what I cause to be.” We really don’t know, but it has something to do with “being.” So he asks who God is, God says, “I am who am I am” or “I will cause to be what I will cause to be.” So Moses, wisely enough, converts that into a third-person formula: okay, he will be who he will be, he is who he is, “Yahweh asher Yahweh.” God’s answer to the question of his name is this sentence, and Moses converts it from a first-person to a third-person sentence: he will be who he will be; he is who he is; he will cause to be, I think most people think now, what he will cause to be, and that sentence gets shortened to “Yahweh.” This is the Bible’s explanation for the name Yahweh, and as the personal name of God, some have argued that the name Yahweh expresses the quality of being, an active, dynamic being. This God is one who brings things into being, whether it’s a cosmos from chaos, or now a new nation from a band of runaway slaves. But it could well be that this is simply God’s way of not answering Moses’ question. We’ve seen how the Bible feels about revealing names, and the divine being who struggled and wrestled with Jacob sure didn’t want to give him his name. So I’ve often wondered if we’re to read this differently: Who am I? I am who I am, and never you mind.