document_title: List of Fate/Apocrypha episodes

question_text: when does part 2 of fate apocrypha come out

text: List of Fate/Apocrypha episodes

text: Fate/Apocrypha is an anime television series based on the light novel series of the same title written by Yūichirō Higashide and illustrated by Ototsugu Konoe. Set in a parallel world to Fate/stay night, where the Holy Grail was found during the Third Holy Grail War and taken to Romania afterwards. It presents a war fought by two factions, Red and Black, each with seven servants summoned by seven masters. The Black faction consists of mages from the Romanian Yggdmillenia magi family, while the members of the Red faction are magi sent by the Clock Tower to acquire the Holy Grail from the Yggdmillenia. The Grail also summons an additional servant of the class Ruler, whose job is to mediate the conflict.

text: The adaptation is directed by Yoshiyuki Asai and produced by A-1 Pictures. The series premiered on July 2, 2017 on Tokyo MX and other channels, and is set to run for 25 episodes.[1][2][3] It is written by Yūichirō Higashide, with character design by Yūkei Yamada. Music for the series is composed by Masaru Yokoyama.[4] The series was also streamed on Netflix in Japan.[5] Outside of Japan, the series premiered on Netflix on November 7, 2017.[6]

text: From episodes 1-12, the first opening theme is "Eiyū: Unmei no Uta" (Japanese: 英雄 運命の詩, "Heroes: Song of Fate") by Egoist while the ending theme is "Désir" (Desire) by Garnidelia.[7] "Désir" is also used as the ending theme for episode 25. From episodes 13-24, the second opening theme is "Ash" by LiSA while the ending theme is "Koe" by Asca.[8]

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date

1
"Apocrypha: The Great Holy Grail War"
"Gaiten: Seihai Taisen" (外典:聖杯大戦)
July 2, 2017

Kairi Sisigou is summoned to the Clock Tower by Rocco Belfeban, who informs him that Darnic Prestone Yggdmillennia has gone rogue, claiming he possesses the Holy Grail that was stolen from Fuyuki during the Third Grail War and announcing his intentions to form a new Mage Association in direct conflict with the Clock Tower. Knowing that the Yggdmillennia group has already summoned Servants to fight for them, the Clock Tower has decided to activate an emergency system in the Greater Grail, triggering a Great Holy Grail War. Seven Masters of Red representing the Clock Tower will be pitted against seven Masters of Black representing Yggdmillennia in a team battle instead of the free for all of a regular Holy Grail War. Sisigou accepts the offer to become a Master of Red and receives a piece of the Round Table as his catalyst. Meanwhile, in Romania, Darnic is aware of the Clock Tower's plans and begins building an army of golems with the help of Avicebron, while his comrades summoned their Servants. Sisigou then arrives in Romania and performs the summoning ritual, calling forth Mordred. Elsewhere, a girl claiming to be Jeanne d'Arc appears.

2
"The Appearance of the Saints"
"Seijo no Shuttatsu" (聖女の出立)
July 9, 2017

Jeanne d'Arc is summoned to Romania as a Ruler-class servant, tasked with ensuring that the Holy Grail War proceeds as intended. After having a brief flashback of being burned at the stake, Jeanne leaves for the battlefield. Meanwhile, the Black Faction servants are revealed to be Astolfo, Chiron, Frankenstein's monster, Siegfried, Avicebron, Vlad Tepes III, and Jack the Ripper. Sisigou introduces himself to Mordred, and finds out she desires the Grail to in order to get the chance to draw Caliburn, therefore proving her worthiness to succeed her father, King Arthur. The two then head to the local church to meet Shiro Kotomine, a priest and the de facto leader of the Red Faction. Shiro reveals his servant is Semiramis, but Sisigou refuses to divulge Mordred's identity and leaves, intending to act on his own since neither he nor Mordred trust Shiro. Shakespeare then arrives and informs Shiro that Spartacus has defied orders and has moved to attack the Yggdmillenia castle on his own. That night, Sisigou and Mordred encounter a Yggdmillenia patrol and eliminate it, with Sisigou and Mordred mutually impressed with each others' combat abilities. At the church, Shiro orders Karna to assassinate Jeanne, fearing that she will interfere with his plans.

3
"First Step of Fate"
"Arukidasu Unmei" (歩き出す運命)
July 16, 2017

Karna attacks Jeanne as she is travelling to Trifas, but Siegfried and Gordes intervene. Both Karna and Siegfried battle each other to a stalemate, and Karna voluntarily withdraws. During the battle, Siegfried has a flashback to his past and death and wonders what he truly wishes for. Gordes then tries to convince Jeanne to side with the Black Faction, but she reminds him that as the Ruler class, she must remain neutral. At the castle, one of the homunculi awakens and escapes from his tube. Astolfo encounters the Homunculus and takes him to Chiron for treatment. Chiron heals the Homunculus, but warns him that he only has three years left to live. Caules talks to Frankenstein's monster, and determines that her wish is to have a being similar to her that she can live with. Caules reveals that his wish is to protect his sister Fiore. Chiron tells Fiore that his wish is to regain his immortality, while Fiore admits that she simply wants to the Grail to heal her legs so that she can walk without having to sacrifice her magical ability. Sisigou and Mordred are resting in a nearby mausoleum when Shiro warns them that Spartacus is assaulting the castle. The Black Faction is aware of Spartacus' approach, and begin preparations to face him in battle.

4
"Price of Life, Redemption of Death"
"Nama no Daishō, Shi no Tsugunai" (生の代償、死の償い)
July 23, 2017

Spartacus continues his advance on the Yggdmillenia castle, with Achilles and Atalanta keeping a close eye on him. The Black Faction servants then engage Spartacus and are able to immobilize him, with Darnic planning to try and turn him their side. Siegfried and Frankenstein's monster are sent to attack Achilles and Atalanta, but Achilles is easy able to hold the both of them off by himself. Believing that Siegried is prolonging fight because he is enjoying the battle, Gordes impulsively uses a Command Spell to force Siegfried to use his Noble Phantasm Balmung, but is forced by Darnic to use a second Command Spell to cancel the order. Chiron then joins the battle, forcing Achilles and Atalanta to withdraw. During the confusion of the battle, Astolfo takes the chance to smuggle the Homunculus out of the castle, but they are spotted and Gordes and Siegfried are sent to catch them. Meanwhile, Jeanne is also in the forest investigating the aftermath of the battle, noting how the presence of the Red Masters is uncharacteristically weak and that something is wrong with this war. Gordes then catches the Homunculus and inadvertently kills him when he tries to defend himself. Siegried knocks out Gordes and removes his own heart to give to the Homunculus, saving his life. Before fading away, Siegried reveals that his greatest wish was to help somebody of his own volition rather than being told to, and he does not regret his sacrifice. Jeanne arrives and promises to Siegfried that she will protect the Homunculus.

5
"Will of Heaven"
"Ten no Koe" (天の声)
July 30, 2017

After having a dream about encountering a dragon, the Homunculus awakes to find Jeanne and Astolfo watching over him. The rest of the Black Faction then arrives and attempts to retrieve the Homunculus, but are forced to back down when Jeanne declares that he is under her protection. The Black Faction returns to their castle, with Astolfo being sent to the dungeon for the night as punishment. Caules reflects that Siegfried disobeyed Gordes due to poor communication between the two, and Gordes assuming Siegfried was merely an obedient familiar. Darnic then receives news Jack the Ripper has gone rogue in Sighisoara, and sends Fiore and Chiron to investigate. Sisigou and Mordred also receive orders from the Mage Association to head to Sighisoara. Jeanne escorts the Homunculus, who decides to name himself "Sieg" in honor of Siegfried, and puts him in the care of a local farmer. She advises Sieg that he is now free to make his own choices on how to live before taking her leave. However, Jeanne knows from a prophetic vision that Sieg is doomed to die on the battlefield, and she resolves to fight to change his fate. Meanwhile, Shiro approaches the Red Masters, claiming that the Red Faction has won the war and asking for them to turn over their Command Spells to him.

6
"Knight of Rebellion"
"Hangyaku no Kishi" (叛逆の騎士)
August 6, 2017

In the past, it is revealed that Mordred led a rebellion against King Arthur due to Arthur's refusal to recognize her as her child or a worthy heir to the throne, resulting in Mordred's death at Arthur's hands. In the present, Sisigou and Mordred arrive in the town of Sighisoara to investigate a string of serial murders targeting mages. Inspecting the bodies, Sisigou notes that the victims' hearts are missing, suggesting that the murderer is a Servant who is harvesting the mages' life force. At the Yggmillenia castle, Darnic considers sacrificing the now useless Gordes to be heart for Avicebron's ultimate golem. Caules decides to leave on his own to follow Fiore, while Celenike wonders why Astolfo is so interested in Sieg. At the church, Semiramis completes the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and Shiro decides it is time for the Red Faction to begin their offensive. Later that night, Sisigou uses himself as bait to lure out Jack the Ripper, and Mordred engages her. However, Chiron and Fiore intervene in the battle, forcing Jack the Ripper to retreat. Mordred engages Chiron in battle, where they are both able to wound each other. Sisigou battles Fiore and manages to corner her, firing a shotgun blast she cannot avoid.

7
"Where Freedom Lies"
"Jiyū no Arika" (自由の在処)
August 13, 2017

Fiore is saved when Caules blocks Sisigou's attack. However, Chiron warns them that he is at a disadvantage fighting Mordred, and they retreat. Sisigou and Mordred also leave, calling it a draw. Meanwhile, Jack the Ripper eats her last mage heart to recover from her wounds, and decides to head for Trifas to find more mages. Jeanne heads to the church to investigate the Red Faction, but finds that they have already left. Sieg has a discussion with his guardian about the true nature of freedom, and reflects on what he wants to do. Semiramis finally completes the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which acts as a giant, flying fortress to aid in their assault on Castle Yggdmillienia. Jeanne follows the Red Faction as they depart. As the Hanging Gardens approaches the castle, the Black Faction rallies their forces to defend against the Red Faction attack. Sieg decides to leave for the battlefield, finally having discovered his purpose.

8
"The Beginning of the War"
"Kaisen no Noroshi" (開戦の狼煙)
August 20, 2017

The Red Faction begins their assault on Castle Yggdmillenia, with Atalanta and Karna facing off against Vlad who manages to hold his own against the two Servants. Achilles encounters Chiron and reluctantly realizes that he must battle his old teacher. On the Hanging Gardens, Shiro decides to personally take part in the battle, stating that if God truly does not want him to succeed, then he will be defeated. However, if he succeeds, then that means God has blessed his desire to use the Grail to bring about world peace. Astolfo mounts his hippogryph and attacks the Hanging Gardens, with Semiramis activating the fortress' defenses. Jeanne arrives on the battlefield, but is surrounded by the Red Faction's minions. Sieg also arrives on the battlefield, helping a wounded homunculus and telling her that he intends to infiltrate the castle and free all of the other homunculi, just as how Astolfo and Siegfried did for him. Sisigou and Mordred arrive by car, with Mordred furious that they missed the beginning of the battle. Avicebron convinces Spartacus to join the Black Faction and releases him to fight. Frankenstein's Monster chases some Red Faction minions into the forest and encounters Shiro, who asks her to join the Red Faction instead.

9
"Hundreds of Flames and Hundreds of Flowers"
"Hyaku no Honō to Hyaku no Hana" (百の焔と百の華)
August 27, 2017

Darnic observes the Grail and reminisces how he stole it from Fuyuki. Outside, Shiro is able to battle Frankenstein's Monster to a standstill while Shakespeare observes. Astolfo attempts to assault the Hanging Gardens but is shot down by Semiramis' magic. Achilles begins to battle Chiron in earnest, demonstrating that he has learned skill Chiron never taught him. Karna continues to battle Vlad while Atalanta is forced fight Spartacus. She unleashes her Noble Phantasm on him, but he absorbs the attack and begins to mutate. In the castle, Sieg manages to free all of the homunculi and arrange for their escape. He then sees Astolfo falling from the sky and leaves to help. Astolfo survives the fall and encounters Mordred, who begins a battle with him. Jeanne senses Shiro's presence and decides to pursue him, despite Semiramis' best efforts to stop her. Warned of Jeanne's approach, Shiro retreats and has Shakespeare trap Frankenstein's Monster in an illusion. Frakenstein's Monster breaks out, but is traumatized from the experience, requiring Caules to use a Command Spell to calm her down. Shiro then instructs Atalanta to lure the heavily mutated Spartacus to Jeanne. Darnic then heads out to "conclude the battle." In a post credits scene, Mordred defeats Astolfo, but before she can finish him off, Sieg arrives and challenges Mordred.

10
"Scattered Flower"
"Hana to Chiru" (花と散る)
September 3, 2017

Sieg attempts to save Astolfo from Mordred, but easily defeated by her. Frankenstein's Monster then intervenes but is also easily defeated by Mordred. Sieg tries to attack Mordred again, and she responds by killing him. With no other choice, Frakenstein Monster uses her Noble Phantasm and sacrifices herself in an attempt to kill Mordred, but she survives the blast. In the process, Sieg's body is struck by a bolt of lightning. Meanwhile, Jack the Ripper kills several homunculi to restore her energy. In his mind, Sieg meets Siegfried, who asks him what he wishes for. Sieg wishes to have the power to save even one person, and inherits Siegfried's power. Sieg is then resurrected in the form of Siegfried, and begins battling Mordred. Shiro observes the events and surmises that Sieg has been possessed by Siegfried's spirit, granting him Servant-level power, but such a transformation can only last for a few minutes. After realizing they are both at a stalemate, both Sieg and Mordred unleash their Noble Phantasms at each other, creating a massive explosion.

11
"Eternal Radiance"
"Eien no Kagayaki" (永遠の輝き)
September 10, 2017

Atalanta leads a heavily mutated Spartacus to Jeanne, forcing her to fight him. However, Spartacus' attention is drawn to the explosion caused by Sieg and Morded's Noble Phantasms colliding. Sieg is weakened by the attack and reverts back to his regular form, and Spartacus attacks Mordred before she can finish him off. Morded cuts Spartacus in half, which triggers his regeneration again and making his body unstable. Mordred withdraws under Sisigou's orders. Karna and Vlad continue to battle each other to a stalemate until Karna is ordered to withdraw as well. Jeanne follows Spartacus and encounters Sieg and Astolfo just as Spartacus' body overloads and explodes. Jeanne is forced to use her Noble Phantasm to protect Sieg and Astolfo. Meanwhile, Shiro takes advantage of the distraction caused by the blast to steal the Greater Grail from the castle. Vlad, Chiron, and Avicebron board the Hanging Gardens and are met by Karna, Achilles, and Atalanta. Karna and Vlad clash again, but now that Vlad is no longer fighting on Romanian soil, his power is greatly weakened. Darnic them reminsices on how Vlad's wish is to erase the legend of Dracula from existence, and how Vlad warned him not to force him to use his true Noble Phantasm. Seeing that there is no way for Vlad to win against Karna in this situation, Darnic prepares his Command Spells.

12
"The Holy Man Returns Triumphant"
"Seijin no Gaisen" (聖人の凱旋)
September 17, 2017

Darnic uses his Command Spells to force Vlad to transform into his vampire form, and then merges his own soul with Vlad's to seize control of his body. Jeanne then arrives and realizing that the vampirized Darnic would destroy the world if he obtains the Grail, recruits Karna, Achilles, Atalanta, Avicebron, and Chiron to form a temporary truce to defeat Darnic. Meanwhile, back in the castle, Fiore takes charge in Darnic's absence, attempting to have what is left of the Black Faction forces regroup. In the Hanging Gardens, the combined might of the gathered heroes begins to gain the upper hand against Darnic, but the Red Faction servants are incapacitated when their mana is cut off. Darnic takes the opportunity to make a run for the Grail while Jeanne attempts to follow. Darnic then reaches a chapel where he encounters Shiro. Shiro easily destroys Darnic, pointing out how Darnic's vampirization makes him vulnerable to Shiro's holy weapons. Jeanne then catches up and is shocked to see Shiro, who she recognizes as the Ruler-class servant of the Fuyuki Grail War sixty years ago, Amakusa Shiro Tokisada. When Jeanne asks Shiro what he is planning, he replies that he wants to "save all of mankind".

12.5
"The Beginning of the Great Holy Grail War Arc"
"Seihai Taisen Kaimaku-hen" (聖杯大戦開幕編)
September 24, 2017

A recap of the first 12 episodes.

13
"The Last Master"
"Saigo no Masutā" (最後のマスター)
October 1, 2017

Sieg and Astolfo reunite and discover Sieg has Command Spells now, but are interrupted by Celenike. She uses her own Command Spells to force Astolfo to kill Sieg, but she herself is killed by Mordred before Astolfo can carry out the order. With Astolfo's master dead, Sieg makes a contract with Astolfo and becomes his new master. In the Hanging Gardens, Shiro tells Jeanne that he intends to use the Grail to bring salvation to humanity and will eliminate anybody in his way. Since Shiro possesses all of the Red Faction's Command Spells, Karna, Achilles, and Atalanta reluctantly stand down. Avicebron accepts Shiro's offer for surrender and joins his side, under the condition that Roche not be harmed. Jeanne and Chiron refuse to join Shiro, and are rescued when Morded arrive and creates a distraction, revealing that she and Sisigou have also decided to oppose Shiro. Back in the castle, Fiore, Caules, and Gordes confront the rescued homunculi when Sieg intervenes, intending to negotiate with the Black Faction by leveraging his status as Astolfo's master. Fiore is then interrupted by a report from Chiron warning her of Avicebron's betrayal. Roche, unaware of Avicebron switching sides, meets him by the lake, bringing a special item he requested.

14
"Prayer of Salvation"
"Kyūsei no Inori" (救世の祈り)
October 8, 2017

As the Hanging Gardens fly away, Jeanne returns to the castle and asks Sieg whether he is truly ready to join the Grail War. Sieg reaffirms his choice, and Jeanne reluctantly accepts his status as a Master. Meanwhile, Avicebron uses Roche as the core for his Golem Keter Malkuth and activates it, intending to use it to bring salvation to mankind. Avicebron then leads the Golem to attack the castle. Jeanne, Sieg, Astolfo, Chiron, and Fiore attempt to mount a defense and Chiron kills Avicebron, but the Golem continues its attack. Jeanne realizes that the Golem is slowly converting the area around it into Eden, and if left alone long enough to complete its transformation, will become unstoppable. On Chiron's suggestion, Jeanne summons Mordred, who agrees to assist them. As Jeanne, Chiron, and Astolfo distract the Golem, Sieg transforms into Siegfried and both he and Morded strike the Golem with their Noble Phantasms simultaneously. The Golem is overwhelmed by the combined attack and is destroyed. Afterwards, Fiore meets with Sisigou and they agree to a temporary truce.

15
"Differing Paths"
"Michi wa Chigae do" (道は違えど)
October 15, 2017

Achilles, Atalanta, and Karna confront Shiro, who explains that their former masters are still alive and being held prisoner. The three Servants reluctantly agree to follow Shiro. Achilles reveals his wish is to live again as a hero, Atalanta wants all children in the world to be loved, and Karna simply wishes to battle Siegfried again. Shiro acknowledges their wishes and decides to tell them exactly how he plans to achieve his salvation of humanity. Back at the castle, Jeanne, Sisigou, and the remains of the Black Faction agree to work together to stop Shiro. Chiron privately warns Caules that Fiore's empathy may make her unfit to be the ruler of Yggdmillenia, but Caules promises to be there to help her. Jeanne gives Sisigou an extra Command Spell as payment for Mordred's assistance with Avicebron, and she gives Sieg two more Command Spells, warning him never to use the third Command Spell since nobody knows what will happen to him if it disappears. Later, Sisigou tells Mordred how his family was cursed, and his family line will die with him. In addition, his adopted daughter had also died due to the curse. Mordred assumes Sisigou will use the Grail to lift the curse, and he reveals to her that he is actually planning to steal the Grail from both the Red and Black factions while they are busy fighting each other. Gordes comes across the infirmary where the wounded homunculi are being treated, and begins to reflect on his past actions. Atalanta asks Shakespeare why he's helping Shiro, and he responds that he is interested in Shiro's struggle. Shiro stands in front of the Grail, promising to sacrifice everything to make his wish come true.

16
"Jack the Ripper"
"Jakku za Rippā" (ジャック・ザ・リッパー)
October 22, 2017

In Trifas, Jack the Ripper tortures a mage until he agrees to tell her what she wants to hear. Satisfied, Jack the Ripper tears the mage's heart out. Meanwhile, Jeanne is still troubled by Sieg's participation in the war when she sees him collapse. Chiron performs an examination and reveals that Sieg's act of transforming into Siegfried is taking a toll on his body, and repeated use may eventually kill him. However, Sieg is not bothered by this news, as he is willing to sacrifice his life to protect others. Jeanne and Astolfo then meet with Fiore, who asks them to help track down Jack the Ripper, who has been indiscriminately killing mages, including ones belonging to the Yggdmillenia family. Jeanne, Asolfo, Chiron, and Caules head into Trifas to examine the bodies of Jack the Ripper's victims, and the realize that one of the victims knew how to bypass the castle's magical defenses. As the Servants rush back to the castle, Fiore is attacked by Jack the Ripper, and she is narrowly saved by intervention from Sieg, who distracts Jack the Ripper long enough for the others to arrive. Jack the Ripper is forced to retreat, and everybody agrees that she must be dealt with before they can make their move against Shiro.

17
"Träumerei"
"Toroimerai" (トロイメライ)
October 29, 2017

Sieg and Jeanne head into Trifas to act as decoys in an effort to lure out Jack and Ripper and her master, Reika Rikudo. Fiore tells them that Reika was meant to be used as a sacrifice by Jack the Ripper's original master, but Jack the Ripper turned on him instead. Jeanne takes the opportunity to show Sieg around the town and teach him to interact with humans, and it's shown that she has started to develop feelings for him. In the Hanging Gardens, Achilles asks Shiro whether he has truly let go of his hatred against the people responsible for his death, and Shiro replies he threw his hatred away for the sake of his wish. This answer appears to satisfy Achilles, though Semiramis is wary of his motives. In Trifas, Jack the Ripper and Reika attempt to ambush Sieg and Jeanne, but are thwarted when Chiron ambushes them instead. As Jack the Ripper and Reika attempt to flee, Reika notices Atalanta aiming an arrow at Jack the Ripper and sacrifices herself by taking the hit instead. With her dying breath, Reika uses her remaining Command Spells to order Jack the Ripper to live on without her. The entire area is then engulfed in a mist and Sieg finds himself transported to Victorian London, where he encounters a younger version of Jack the Ripper.

18
"From Hell"
"Furomu Heru" (フロム・ヘル)
November 5, 2017

Sieg, Jeanne, and Atalanta are transported into a nightmare version of Victorian London created by Jack the Ripper, where they learn that Jack the Ripper isn't an actual person, but instead the amalgamation of all of the spirits of the children who were victimized and killed during the Victorian era. Atalanta, remembering how she was abandoned by her birth parents before being adopted and wanting to create a world where children are loved, sides with the spirits and tries to protect them from Jeanne, who believes the only way to free spirits is to destroy them. The spirits agree to let Jeanne destroy them, and she uses her power to purify them. Atalanta then attacks Jeanne, furious that she didn't try to save the children, but is chased off by Chiron and Astolfo. Sieg is left shaken after witnessing the cruelty humans are capable of, but Jeanne tries to reassuring him by reminding him that humans are also capable of loving others. Shakespeare then addresses the audience (breaking the 4th wall), announcing that the story will now focus on the conflict between Jeanne and Shiro, and wondering what role Sieg will play in the battles to come.

19
"Dawn of the End"
"Owari no Asa" (終わりの朝)
November 12, 2017

Jeanne and the Yggdmillenia faction begin to plan for their assault on the Hanging Gardens, though the only way to access it would be by plane. Astolfo points out that his Noble Phantasm can protect them from the Garden's magical defenses, but it will only work on a moonless night. The next new moon is in three days, which risks the Hanging Gardens leaving Romanian airspace by then. Fiore is forced to make the choice between leaving immediately, ensuring heavy casualties, or waiting three days and potentially allowing Shiro to escape. She decide to wait three days but realizes that her kindness makes her unfit to be the leader of Yggdmillenia, so she transfers her magical crest to Caules. Meanwhile, Sieg and Astolfo visit Trifas and run into Morded. Sieg, still troubled over what he saw in Jack the Ripper's illusion asks Mordred whether humans are worth protecting or not. Mordred simply replies that there is no right or wrong choice, but Sieg remains troubled. Afterwards, both Jeanne and Shiro's factions prepare for the final battle.

19.5
"The Disturbance of the Great Holy Grail War Arc"
"Seihai Taisen Dōran-hen" (聖杯大戦動乱編)
November 18, 2017

A recap from episodes 13 to 19.

20
"Soar Through the Sky"
"Sora o Kakeru" (空を駆ける)
November 25, 2017

Jeanne, Sieg, Astolfo, Chiron, Fiore, and Caules depart to assault the Hanging Gardens. Jeanne and Chiron will draw the attention of the enemy Servants while Sieg and Astolfo dismantle the Hanging Gardens' defenses, allowing Fiore and Caules to board it. Meanwhile, Shiro prepares to enter the Grail to carry out the next step on his plan. Before doing so, though, he uses a Command Spell to order Shakespeare not to write his story as a tragedy. Semiramis then sees Jeanne's approach and begins organizing the defense of the Hanging Gardens. Achilles and Atalanta are sent out first, with Achilles engaging Chiron while Atalanta goes after Jeanne. Atalanta, still furious over Jeanne destroying Jack the Ripper's soul, decides to attack her directly in close combat. Achilles initially has the advantage over Chiron due to his chariot, but Chiron is able to disable the chariot and force Achilles to fight him on even terms. Chiron then asks why Achilles would follow Shiro, since his wish to save all of humanity is impossible. However, Achilles hints to Chiron that Shiro will use the Grail to rewrite reality itself to achieve his wish. Inside the Grail, Shiro resists the temptation to give in to his hate and despair, reminding himself that he had thrown away his emotions. He then reaches "Heaven's Feel" and meets the physical embodiment of the Grail, where he tells her that he wishes to materialize all of humanity's souls.

21
"Antares Snipe"
"Tenkatsu Issha" (天蠍一射)
December 2, 2017

Chiron and Achilles continue their battle against each other. Meanwhile, Sieg and Astolfo begin to attack the Hanging Garden's defenses. Astolfo, empowered by the new moon, uses one of his Noble Phantasms to negate Semiramis' magical attacks. Semiramis orders Karna to stop them, and Sieg resorts to transforming himself into Siegfried to hold him off. Astolfo uses the last of his energy to destroy the last of the Hanging Gardens' defenses. Semiramis arrives to finish him off, but she is interrupted when Modred arrives and engages her. Back outside, Achilles traps himself and Chiron in an altered reality where neither of them can use their Noble Phantasms and must rely on their own innate fighting ability. Both sides engage in hand to hand combat, where they are almost evenly matched, but Achilles ultimately ends up the victor. Mortally wounded, Chiron reveals that he had laid a trap for Achilles, striking his heel with an arrow and negating his immortality. Before passing away, Chiron makes one final request to Achilles to give one of his Noble Phantasms to one of the Black Servants. Nearby, Atalanta continues to attack Jeanne, resorting to transforming herself into a bestial form. Back on the Hanging Gardens, Astolfo regains consciousness and is met by Achilles, who decides to entrust something to Astolfo.

22
"Reunion and Farewell"
"Saikai to Betsuri" (再会と別離)
December 9, 2017

Jeanne and Atalanta continue to battle, with Jeanne barely able to hold her own against Atalanta's new bestial form. Achilles then intervenes, deciding to battle Atalanta to save her from the dark path she has chosen. Jeanne continues on to find Shiro. Meanwhile, Sieg's time limit on his transformation runs out, though Karna makes a request to him and Caules to rescue to the Red Masters, who are still being held hostage by Shiro. Caules adds a condition that if the Red Masters are saved, then Karna will spare Sieg if he cannot defeat before his next transformation expires. Caules teleports the Red Masters away and Sieg and Karna battle once again. At first, both opponents prove to be evenly matched until Karna decides to unleash his ultimate Noble Phantasm. Sieg is unable to repel the attack but is saved by Astolfo, who uses Achilles' shield (which Achilles entrusted to Astolfo to fulfill Chiron's request) to protect them from Karna's attack. Sieg then takes advantage of the opening and defeats Karna by stabbing him in the chest. Karna congratulates Sieg on his victory, and warns him that Shakespeare has laid a trap for Jeanne before fading away. Achilles and Atalanta continue battle, and while Achilles is successful in forcing Atalanta back into her regular form, the battle results in both servants mortally wounding each other. As they fade away, Atalanta expresses sadness for Achilles sacrificing his life to redeem her, while Achilles is happy that he can pass on without any regrets. Jeanne encounters Semiramis, but she allows Jeanne to proceed without a fight, knowing that she will be eliminated by Shakespeare's trap.

23
"Going Beyond"
"Kanata e To" (彼方へと)
December 16, 2017

Mordred and Sisigou confront Semiramis and begin to battle. However, Semiramis quickly gains the upper hand and incapacitates Mordred with a powerful poison. She then offers to spare Mordred's life if she turns on Sisigou. Mordred reflects on her past and realizes that she didn't really want to become king to usurp King Arthur. Instead, her true intention was to free her father from the shackles of being king, which required sacrificing all emotion and humanity. Sisigou arrives and administers an antidote to Mordred to counter Semiramis' poison and Mordred attacks again, with Sisigou providing a distraction. Mordred is able to kill Semiramis but Sisigou is mortally wounded. He mentions that during the battle, he realized his true wish was to resurrect his daughter rather than eliminate his family curse. Despite Sisigou's advice to make a contract with another master, Mordred chooses to die alongside him. Astolfo and Sieg continue after Jeanne, but Astolfo is caught in a magical trap, forcing Sieg to continue alone. Jeanne confronts Shakespeare, who traps her in an illusion and taunts her with memories of her past, as well as her conflicted feelings over Sieg. Shakespeare then summons another Servant, Gilles de Rais, one of Jeanne's comrades. Gilles points out the inherent contradiction in Jeanne wanting to treat all humans equally, yet giving Sieg special treatment. Unable to admit she is in love with Sieg, Jeanne suffers a mental breakdown.

24
"The Holy Grail War"
"Seihai Sensō" (聖杯戦争)
December 23, 2017

Shiro emerges from the Grail, explaining to Jeanne that he plans to materialize all of humanity's souls so that they can exist without physical bodies, therefore eliminating all conflict and achieving their salvation. Sieg then arrives and argues that humans are not inherently evil, and that they are always fighting their dark sides. Jeanne comes to her senses, and realizes that Shiro forcing his salvation upon humanity will only rob them of their potential by making them incapable of change. She convinces Gilles to fight for her again, and he sacrifices himself to protect Jeanne as she unleashes her second Noble Phantasm, La Pucelle. As she readies her attack, Jeanne finally accepts her feelings for Sieg. Shiro is barely able to block Jeanne's attack and loses an arm in the process. Having used up all of her power, Jeanne fades away, leaving behind Laeticia, the girl she possessed, but not before reassuring Sieg that they will meet again. Astolfo and Caules arrive, but are blocked by a heavily wounded Semiramis. Angry at Shiro, Sieg engages in a sword fight with him, managing to fight him on equal terms despite no longer having any Command Spells to use Siegfried's power. Caules then realizes that Sieg has been carrying a part of Frankenstein's Monster's power ever since he had been hit with a bolt of lightning from her Blasted Tree attack. While Shiro is able to critically wound Sieg, Sieg grabs Shiro and initiates his own Blasted Tree attack, engulfing the both of them in a massive explosion.

25
"Apocrypha"
"Apokurifa" (アポクリファ)
December 30, 2017

In the aftermath of the explosion, Semiramis is able to spirit Shiro away, but the both of them are mortally wounded. Shiro accepts his defeat, as well as Semiramis' feelings for him before they both die. Sieg and Astolfo wake up to find themselves inside the Grail, where it asks them for their wish. Unable to countermand Shiro's wish to give all of humanity immortality, Sieg instead wishes to turn himself into a dragon so he can carry the Grail to the Reverse Side of the World, an alternate dimension where the Grail's magic will have no effect on humanity. Astolfo reluctantly leaves after Sieg gives him his last order, which is to bring joy to other people. Astolfo, Caules, and Laeticia escape the Hanging Gardens as it collapses and witness Sieg carrying the Grail away. Shakespeare also witnesses this, and inspired by the sight, finally finishes writing the conclusion to his story before fading away. After the conclusion of war, the Mage Association accepts Caules back into their ranks in recognition for his role in stopping Shiro, Fiore has given up being a mage and enters rehabilitation to regain the use of her legs, Laeticia returns home, and Astolfo leaves on an adventure to carry out Sieg's last order. Some unknown amount of time later, Jeanne's spirit manages to reach the Reverse Side of the World, where she reunites with Sieg and turns him back into human form. Before leaving together on a new journey, Jeanne finally tells Sieg she loves him.


document_title: The Good Witch

question_text: where was the tv series the good witch filmed

root

text: The Good Witch

text: Plot[edit]

text: Grey House—an old, abandoned building in the town of Middleton—is infamous for being haunted by its former owner, known as "The Grey Lady". Police Chief Inspector Jake Russell decides to investigate when rumors start to spread of someone occupying the house. He enters the building, accompanied by the town mayors wife Martha Tisdale, and is welcomed by a mysterious, beautiful woman who introduces herself as Cassandra Nightingale. She tells them she had just moved in, and plans to open a shop on Main Street.

tag: p

text: Later, Jake Russell's children Brandon and Lori are chased by a dog on their way home from school. They end up in the front yard of Grey House and Lori falls and bruises her knee. Cassie appears and makes the dog stop just by looking at it. She talks to the dog, and tells it to behave better and go home. The dog does as told. She invites the children into her house to take care of Lori's knee. The kitchen is full of vials and bottles containing various herbs, which leads Brandon to believe that Cassie is a witch.

text: The new shop on Main Street is also filled with elixirs and herbs from around the world. This leads many townspeople, especially Martha Tisdale, to believe Cassie practices Black Magic.

text: As Jake Russell investigates mysterious occurrences, he and Cassie frequently interact. A mutual attraction evolves, leading him to ask her out on a date.

text: As time passes, some people in Middleton continue to be hostile toward Cassie and she considers leaving town. However, she postpones the date when Jake convinces her to stay. The couple spend a romantic evening at Grey House where they kiss.

text: Cast and Characters[edit]

text:
Catherine Bell as Cassandra Nightingale. A mysterious woman who moves into Grey House. She seems to have multiple strange abilities, the extent and origin of which are mostly unknown. These include communicating with animals, and suddenly appearing out of nowhere. Born Sue-Ellen Brook, Cassie's parents died in a car crash when she was a child, and she was raised in foster care. Cassie has a shop in Middleton called Bell, Book & Candle, where she sells various curious objects. Towards the end of the film she begins a relationship with Police Chief Jake Russell.
Chris Potter as Chief of Police Jake Russell. Jake is the father of Brandon and Lori. Since the death of his wife Jennifer three years ago, he gets help raising them by his father-in-law George. Since his wife's death he has become overly protective of his children. Jake is fascinated by Cassandra, but as opposed to her intuitive decision-making, he relies mainly on facts. Toward the end of the film, the two begin a relationship.
Matthew Knight as Brandon Russell. The son of Jennifer and Jake Russell. Brandon spends his free time playing video games. He cares for his younger sister, despite often being annoyed by her. He gets bullied by another boy in school, but after learning the boy comes from an abusive home, the two boys become friends. Brandon tells his father about the abuse, and helps get his friend away from the situation.
Hannah Endicott-Douglas as Lori Russell, Jake's youngest child. Since her mother's death, she has been haunted by nightmares about monsters. She receives a dreamcatcher from Cassie and is told not to dream of bunnies, which makes her nightmares disappear.
Catherine Disher as Martha Tinsdale, a strong willed member of city council. Martha is afraid of Cassandra ruining the good image of Middleton, as the town is looking for new investors. Convinced that Cassie practises Black Magic, she petitions for the shop to be closed.
Paula Boudrea as Nancy, also a member of city council. Nancy buys a parfum in Bell, Book & Candle that increases her husband's attraction to her. At the end of the film, she is revealed to be pregnant, after having tried for a long time. She befriends Cassie and makes some effort to defend her.
Noah Cappe as Deputy Derek Sanders, a laid back and easygoing police officer. In addition to Jake being his boss, the two men are also friends. Derek is surprised when he first sees Cassie, as she does not look like the witch townspeople have called her.
Peter MacNeill as George O'Hanrahan.
Nathan McLeod as Michael, son of Martha Tinsdale.
Jesse Bostick as Kyle.

tag: ul

text: Promotion[edit]

text: On January 15, 2008, Hallmark Channel and Limbo, the mobile entertainment community, teamed up to create and launch the cable network's first-ever mobile interactive initiative. The campaign "enhanced viewers' experience of the premiere of the network's original movie ... through 'Limbo Unique' – a game played via cell phone or online". The grand prize was $2,000 and a portrait of the "Grey Lady" that was featured in the movie.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: Although set in Middleton, USA, it was filmed in Hamilton and Niagara on the Lake, Ontario in Canada. In the sequel, The Good Witch's Charm, the map on the wall in the police station shows Middleton located northwest of Chicago, in the vicinity of DuPage County. The names of the suburbs and interstates that are west of Chicago can be clearly seen.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The movie had great success on Hallmark Channel on the night of its premiere, making it the second-highest-rated original movie to that date. It premiered with a 3.8 HH (household) rating and was in nearly 3.2 million homes.[2] It also was #1 in its time period, propelling the channel to the #4 spot in weekly ranking.[3]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Good Witch (Region 1) DVD was released on January 5, 2010.

text: The Good Witch Collection (Region 1) DVD was released October 14, 2014.[4]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: On February 7, 2009, the Hallmark Channel aired a sequel, The Good Witch's Garden.[5][6] The third installment, The Good Witch's Gift,[7] aired on November 13, 2010, on Hallmark. The fourth installment, The Good Witch's Family, aired on October 29, 2011. The fifth installment The Good Witch's Charm premiered on October 27, 2012. The Good Witch's Destiny sixth installment premiered on October 26, 2013. A seventh installment, The Good Witch's Wonder, aired October 25, 2014.[8]

text: Television series[edit]

text: In February 2014, the Hallmark Channel announced that Good Witch had been green-lighted for a ten-episode series, starring Catherine Bell, to premiere on February 28, 2015.[9][10] Production for the first season began on October 29, 2014, in Toronto,[11] with Sue Tenney as showrunner. Bailee Madison and James Denton also star.[11][12]

text: Characters[edit]

text: A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film or the series season/special.

text:
Character

Title

The Good Witch

Garden

Gift

Family

Charm

Destiny

Wonder

Season 1

Halloween

Season 2

Secrets of Grey House

Season 3

Spellbound

Season 4

Cassie Nightingale

Catherine Bell

Jake Russell

Chris Potter

Martha Tinsdale

Catherine Disher

George

Peter MacNeill

Peter MacNeill

Brandon Russell

Matthew Knight

Dan Jeannotte

Dan Jeannotte

Dan Jeannotte

Lori Russell

Hannah Endicott-Douglas

Derek

Noah Cappe

Tom Tinsdale

Paul Miller

Paul Miller

Paul Miller

Paul Miller

Paul Miller

Michael Tinsdale

Nathan McLeod

Edward Ruttle

Edward Ruttle

Gwen

Elizabeth Lennie

Elizabeth Lennie

Abigail Pershing

Sarah Power

Sarah Power

Tara

Ashley Leggat

Rebecca Dalton

Rebecca Dalton

Rebecca Dalton

Grace Russell

uncredited

uncredited

Lily-Fay Mowbray

Bailee Madison

Jarod

Randal Edwards

Randal Edwards

Randal Edwards

Sam

James Denton

Ryan

Anthony Lemke

Anthony Lemke

Stephanie

Kylee Evans

Nick

Rhys Matthew Bond

Anthony

Shane Harte

Linda

Gabrielle Miller

Ben

Jefferson Brown

Eve

Kate Corbett

John Dover

Dan Payne

Courtney

Alanna Bale

Alanna Bale

Liam

Seann Gallagher

Noah

James Swalm

James Rittinger

Phil

Sebastian Pigott

tag: table


document_title: Stomach

question_text: how many compartments does a human stomach have

text: Stomach

text: Structure[edit]

text: In humans, the stomach lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. The top of the stomach lies against the diaphragm. Lying behind the stomach is the pancreas. A large double fold of visceral peritoneum called the greater omentum hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach. Two sphincters keep the contents of the stomach contained; the lower oesophageal sphincter (found in the cardiac region), at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach, and the pyloric sphincter at the junction of the stomach with the duodenum.

text: The stomach is surrounded by parasympathetic (stimulant) and sympathetic (inhibitor) plexuses (networks of blood vessels and nerves in the anterior gastric, posterior, superior and inferior, celiac and myenteric), which regulate both the secretory activity of the stomach and the motor (motion) activity of its muscles.

text: In adult humans, the stomach has a relaxed, near empty volume of about 75 millilitres.[4] Because it is a distensible organ, it normally expands to hold about one litre of food.[5] The stomach of a newborn human baby will only be able to retain about 30 millilitres.

text: Sections[edit]

text: In classical anatomy, the human stomach is divided into four sections, beginning at the gastric cardia,[6] each of which has different cells and functions.

text:
The cardia is where the contents of the oesophagus empty into the stomach. The cardia is defined as the region following the "z-line" of the gastroesophageal junction, the point at which the epithelium changes from stratified squamous to columnar. Near the cardia is the lower oesophageal sphincter.[7]
The fundus (from Latin, "bottom") is formed by the upper curvature of the organ.
The body is the main, central region.
The pylorus (from Greek, "gatekeeper") is the lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine.

text: Blood supply[edit]

text: The lesser curvature of the human stomach is supplied by the right gastric artery inferiorly, and the left gastric artery superiorly, which also supplies the cardiac region. The greater curvature is supplied by the right gastroepiploic artery inferiorly and the left gastroepiploic artery superiorly. The fundus of the stomach, and also the upper portion of the greater curvature, is supplied by the short gastric artery which arises from the splenic artery.

text: Histology[edit]

text: Like the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the human stomach walls consist of an outer mucosa, inner submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.

text: The gastric mucosa of the stomach consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria (composed of loose connective tissue), with a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosae separating it from the submucosa beneath. The submucosa lies under the mucosa and consists of fibrous connective tissue, separating the mucosa from the next layer. Meissner's plexus is in this layer. The muscularis externa lies beneath the submucosa and is unique from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, consisting of three layers:

text:
The inner oblique layer: This layer is responsible for creating the motion that churns and physically breaks down the food. It is the only layer of the three which is not seen in other parts of the digestive system. The antrum has thicker skin cells in its walls and performs more forceful contractions than the fundus.
The middle circular layer: At this layer, the pylorus is surrounded by a thick circular muscular wall which is normally tonically constricted forming a functional (if not anatomically discrete) pyloric sphincter, which controls the movement of chyme into the duodenum. This layer is concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach.
Auerbach's plexus (AKA myenteric plexus) is found between the outer longitudinal and the middle circular layer and is responsible for the innervation of both (causing peristalsis and mixing)
The outer longitudinal layer is responsible for moving the bolus towards the pylorus of the stomach through muscular shortening.

text: The stomach also possesses a serosa, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum.

text: Gastric glands[edit]

text: In humans, different types of cells are found at the different layers of the gastric glands:

text:
Layer of stomach
Name
Secretion
Region of stomach
Staining

Isthmus of gland
Foveolar cells
Mucus gel layer
Fundic, cardiac, pyloric
Clear

Body of gland
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Gastric acid and intrinsic factor
Fundic only
Acidophilic

Base of gland
Chief (zymogenic) cells
Pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Fundic only
Basophilic

Base of gland
Enteroendocrine (APUD) cells
Hormones gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin and somatostatin
Fundic, cardiac, pyloric
–

text:
Human cardiac glands (at cardia)

Human pyloric glands (at pylorus)

Human fundic glands (at fundus)

text: Development[edit]

text: In early human embryogenesis, the ventral part of the embryo abuts the yolk sac. During the second week of development, as the embryo grows, it begins to surround parts of the sac. The enveloped portions form the basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract.[9] The sac is surrounded by a network of vitelline arteries. Over time, these arteries consolidate into the three main arteries that supply the developing gastrointestinal tract: the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. The areas supplied by these arteries are used to define the midgut, hindgut and foregut.[9] The surrounded sac becomes the primitive gut. Sections of this gut begin to differentiate into the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and the esophagus, and stomach form from the foregut.[9]

text: Function[edit]

text: Digestion[edit]

text: In the human digestive system, a bolus (a small rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the oesophagus via the lower oesophageal sphincter. The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin) and hydrochloric acid, which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work. Food is churned by the stomach through muscular contractions of the wall called peristalsis – reducing the volume of the fundus, before looping around the fundus[10] and the body of stomach as the boluses are converted into chyme (partially digested food). Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum of the small intestine, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme within anywhere between forty minutes and a few hours. The average human stomach can comfortably hold about a litre of food.

text: Gastric juice in the stomach also contains pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid activates this inactive form of enzyme into the active form, pepsin. Pepsin breaks down proteins into polypeptides.

text: Absorption[edit]

text: Although the absorption in the human digestive system is mainly a function of the small intestine, some absorption of certain small molecules nevertheless does occur in the stomach through its lining. This includes:

text:
Water, if the body is dehydrated
Medication, like aspirin
Amino acids[11]
10–20% of ingested ethanol (e.g. from alcoholic beverages)[12]
Caffeine[13]
To a small extent water-soluble vitamins (most are absorbed in the small intestine)[14]

text: The parietal cells of the human stomach are responsible for producing intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. B12 is used in cellular metabolism and is necessary for the production of red blood cells, and the functioning of the nervous system.

text: Control of secretion and motility[edit]

text: The movement and the flow of chemicals into the stomach are controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and by the various digestive hormones of the digestive system:

text:
Gastrin
The hormone gastrin causes an increase in the secretion of HCl from the parietal cells, and pepsinogen from chief cells in the stomach. It also causes increased motility in the stomach. Gastrin is released by G cells in the stomach in response to distension of the antrum, and digestive products (especially large quantities of incompletely digested proteins). It is inhibited by a pH normally less than 4 (high acid), as well as the hormone somatostatin.

Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin (CCK) has most effect on the gall bladder, causing gall bladder contractions, but it also decreases gastric emptying and increases release of pancreatic juice which is alkaline and neutralizes the chyme. CCK is synthesized by I-cells in the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine.

Secretin
In a different and rare manner, secretin, produced in the small intestine, has most effects on the pancreas, but will also diminish acid secretion in the stomach.

Gastric inhibitory peptide
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) decreases both gastric acid release and motility.

Enteroglucagon
Enteroglucagon decreases both gastric acid and motility.

text: Other than gastrin, these hormones all act to turn off the stomach action. This is in response to food products in the liver and gall bladder, which have not yet been absorbed. The stomach needs to push food into the small intestine only when the intestine is not busy. While the intestine is full and still digesting food, the stomach acts as storage for food.

text: Stomach acid[edit]

text: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival.[15] EGF is a low-molecular-weight polypeptide first purified from the mouse submandibular gland, but since then found in many human tissues including the submandibular gland, and the parotid gland. Salivary EGF, which seems also regulated by dietary inorganic iodine, plays also an important physiological role in the maintenance of oro-oesophageal and gastric tissue integrity. The biological effects of salivary EGF include healing of oral and gastroesophageal ulcers, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, stimulation of DNA synthesis, and mucosal protection from intraluminal injurious factors such as gastric acid, bile acids, pepsin, and trypsin and from physical, chemical, and bacterial agents.[16]

text: Stomach as nutrition sensor[edit]

text: The human stomach can "taste" sodium glutamate using glutamate receptors[17] and this information is passed to the lateral hypothalamus and limbic system in the brain as a palatability signal through the vagus nerve.[18] The stomach can also sense, independently of tongue and oral taste receptors, glucose,[19] carbohydrates,[20] proteins,[20] and fats.[21] This allows the brain to link nutritional value of foods to their tastes.[19]

text: Gene and protein expression[edit]

text: About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and nearly 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal stomach.[22][23] Just over 150 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the stomach compared to other organs, with only some 20 genes being highly specific. The corresponding specific proteins expressed in stomach are mainly involved in creating a suitable environment for handling the digestion of food for uptake of nutrients. Highly stomach-specific proteins include GKN1, expressed in the mucosa; pepsinogen PGC and the lipase LIPF, expressed in chief cells; and gastric ATPase ATP4A and gastric intrinsic factor GIF, expressed in parietal cells.[24]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Diseases[edit]

text: A series of radiographs can be used to examine the stomach for various disorders. This will often include the use of a swallow barium. Another method of examination of the stomach, is the use of an endoscope. A gastric emptying scan is considered the gold standard to assess gastric emptying rate.[25]

text: A large number of studies have indicated that most cases of peptic ulcers, and gastritis, in humans are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, and an association has been seen with the development of stomach cancer.[26]

text: A stomach rumble is actually noise from the intestines. The stomach has to regenerate a new layer of mucus every two weeks, or else damage to the epithelium may result.

text: Surgery[edit]

text: In humans, many bariatric surgery procedures involve the stomach, in order to lose weight. A gastric band may be placed around the cardia area, which can adjust to limit intake. The anatomy of the stomach may be modified, or the stomach may be bypassed entirely.

text: Surgical removal of the stomach is called a gastrectomy, and removal of the cardia area is a called a cardiectomy. "Cardiectomy" is a term that is also used to describe the removal of the heart.[27][28][29] A gastrectomy may be carried out because of gastric cancer or severe perforation of the stomach wall.

text: History[edit]

text: There were previously conflicting statements in the academic anatomy community[30][31][32] over whether the cardia is part of the stomach, part of the oesophagus or a distinct entity. Modern surgical and medical textbooks have agreed that "The gastric cardia is now clearly considered to be part of the stomach."[33][34]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The word stomach is derived from the Latin stomachus which is derived from the Greek word stomachos (στόμαχος), ultimately from stoma (στόμα), "mouth".[35] The words gastro- and gastric (meaning related to the stomach) are both derived from the Greek word gaster (γαστήρ, meaning "belly"[36][37]).[38]

text: Other animals[edit]

text:
Comparison of stomach glandular regions from several mammalian species. Frequency of glands may vary more smoothly between regions than is diagrammed here. Asterisk (ruminant) represents the omasum, which is absent in Tylopoda (Tylopoda also has some cardiac glands opening onto ventral reticulum and rumen[39]) Many other variations exist among the mammals.[40][41]

Yellow
Oesophagus
Green
Glandular epithelium
Purple
Cardiac glands
Red
Gastric glands
Blue
Pyloric glands
Dark blue
Duodenum

text: Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the anus. These animals all consume diets that either require little storage of food, or no pre-digestion with gastric juices, or both.[42]

text: The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in humans. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa.[42]

text: In birds and crocodilians, the stomach is divided into two regions. Anteriorly is a narrow tubular region, the proventriculus, lined by fundic glands, and connecting the true stomach to the crop. Beyond lies the powerful muscular gizzard, lined by pyloric glands, and, in some species, containing stones that the animal swallows to help grind up food.[42]

text: In insects there is also a crop. The insect stomach is called the midgut.

text: Information about the stomach in echinoderms or molluscs can be found under the respective articles.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Greater omentum and stomach of humans

Human stomach

A more realistic image, showing the celiac artery and its branches in humans; the liver has been raised, and the lesser omentum and anterior layer of the greater omentum removed.

An autopsy of a human stomach. 2012 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología

Human stomach

The gastrointestinal wall of the human stomach.

Endoscopic image of human fundic gland polyposis.


document_title: Cairn Terrier

question_text: what breed is toto from wizard of oz

question_tokens: what breed is toto from wizard of oz

text: Cairn Terrier

text: History[edit]

text: Cairns originated in the Highlands of Scotland and the Isle of Skye,[4] initially grouped in the "Skye Terrier" class alongside the Scottish and West Highland White terriers. In the early 1900s, the three breeds began to be bred separately.

text: The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom gave the Cairn Terrier a separate register in 1912; the first year of recognition, 134 were registered and it was in that year that the breed was also given Championship status.[5]

text: Description[edit]

text: Cairn Terriers tend to look similar to a Norwich Terrier, but with some differences (for example the shaggy fur). Their outer layer of fur is shaggy, but they have a soft, downy undercoat. Their ideal weight is also 4.5-7.3 kg (10-16 lb), and the height 9–13 in (23–33 cm).

text: Grooming[edit]

text: Cairn terriers shed very little, but should always be hand stripped. Using scissors or shears can ruin the dog's rugged outer coat after one grooming. Hand stripping involves pulling the old dead hair out by the roots. If done incorrectly, this can cause discomfort to the dog, causing it to shy away from future hand stripping. Removing the dead hair in this manner allows new growth to come in. This new growth helps protect the dog from water and dirt.

text: Cairn terrier ancestors are from Scotland, where the wire coat repels water and keeps the dog dry even in rainy or damp climates. Keeping the Cairn terrier coat in its original state will prevent possible skin irritations. As dead hair is removed by stripping the coat, new growth comes in and the skin and coat remain healthy. Clipper-cutting a Cairn might destroy the protective wire coat unique to this breed.

text: It is wise to have a pet examined to rule out heritable skin diseases if a Cairn is obtained from unknown sources (i.e. pet stores, rescues, or puppy mills).[citation needed]

text: Health[edit]

text: These dogs are generally healthy and live on average about 12 to 17 years.[6][7]

text: Survey[edit]

text: Breeders, owners, and veterinarians have identified several health problems that are significant for Cairns. Some of these diseases are hereditary, while others occur as a result of nonspecific factors (i.e. infections, toxins, injuries, or advanced age). Currently, the Cairn Terrier Club of America, along with the Institute for Genetic Disease Control in Animals, maintains an open registry for Cairn terriers in hopes of reducing the occurrence of hereditary diseases within the breed. Breeders voluntarily submit their dogs' test results for research purposes, as well as for use by individuals who seek to make sound breeding decisions.

text: Some of the more common hereditary health problems found in the Cairn are:[8]

text:
Cataracts
Corneal dystrophy
Craniomandibular osteopathy (lion jaw)
Entropion
Hip dysplasia
Hypothyroidism
Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy)
Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome
Luxating patella
Ocular melanosis
Portosystemic shunt
Progressive retinal atrophy
Soft tissue sarcoma
Von Willebrand disease

text: Living conditions[edit]

text: Cairn terriers exist happily in an apartment if sufficiently exercised.[citation needed] They are very active indoors and suffice even without a yard.[citation needed] Daily walks help keep Cairn terriers happy and healthy. Fenced-in yards are strongly recommended for safety and well being as well as being kept on leash when not in the yard.

text: Cairn terriers are particularly easily trained; ethical breeders strongly suggest obedience school or some other type of training to direct Cairn terrier's focus on the owner as the one in command if they are going to be used for hunting. If allowed to take control of the household, behavior problems may develop that can only be resolved by hiring a professional dog trainer. Many breeders only sell puppies to dedicated dog owners who agree to basic obedience school.

text: Exercise[edit]

text: Cairns are active dogs, thus need a daily walk. Play takes care of a lot of their exercise needs; however, as with all breeds, play will not fulfill their primal instinct to walk. Dogs which do not get to go on daily walks are more likely to display behavior problems. They also enjoy a good romp in a safe open area off leash, such as a large fenced yard.

text: According to Temple Grandin in her book Animals Make Us Human, dogs need 45 minutes to one hour per day of playing and seeking. After fulfilling this, dogs become balanced and well-mannered. Obedience school is often a good start to creating interactive play using words or commands for a dog to perform specific actions on cue. Teaching a Cairn terrier tricks is also a clever way to direct their active energy into acceptable controlled dog games.

text: Famous Cairns[edit]

text: Terry, the dog that played Toto in the 1939 screen adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, was a brindle Cairn terrier. Due to the identification of the State of Kansas with the original story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a resident of Wichita has begun a drive to make the Cairn terrier the official dog of Kansas.[9] Terry also had a role in the Shirley Temple film Bright Eyes, and 12 other films.

text: In media[edit]

text:
In I Love Lucy, Little Ricky had a Cairn terrier named Fred.
UK TV presenter Paul O'Grady often features a Cairn terrier called Olga on his primetime chat show; dark in colour, Olga is a rescue dog.
Also in the UK, Pauline Fowler actress Wendy Richard in the BBC TV show EastEnders had a Cairn she fondly named Betty. Betty made an appearance as Toto on BBC's "Strictly Come Dancing" (series 10) after Vincent Simone and his celebrity partner Dani Harmer danced a waltz to "Over the Rainbow" from The Wizard of Oz.
George Lopez's family dog on the ABC TV series George Lopez, is a Cairn terrier named Mr. Needles, named by the son, Max, for the extremely high number of shots that the incredibly sick former stray received from the veterinarian.
Australian television soap series Neighbours had a Cairn terrier named Audrey which belonged to the character Libby Kennedy.[10]
The character of Romulus, owned by Ray Milland's character, Steven Tolliver, in Cecil B. De Mille's epic Reap the Wild Wind (1942) was a Cairn terrier.
A few years later, in The Uninvited (1944), the Ray Milland character also had a Cairn terrier.
Thimble the dog was a brindle Cairn terrier played by Danvers. Thimble appeared once in episode five, season five of the British television drama Upstairs, Downstairs.
A wheaten Cairn terrier named Kobe was featured in Dunston Checks In, Lost And Found, and the opening scenes of Twister.
In USA Network's Mr. Robot, Rami Malek's character Elliot Alderson has a Cairn terrier named Flipper.[11]

text: In books[edit]

text:
In the Maximum Ride book series, Total, the talking dog, is a Cairn terrier.
In the first edition of L. Frank Baum's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1899), though Baum did not specify in the text what breed Toto was, illustrator W. W. Denslow drew him as a Cairn terrier.
In Donald Barthelme’s short story "Chablis," the narrator says that his baby wants, according to his wife, a "Cairn terrier."[12]


document_title: Joanne World Tour

question_text: who is opening up for lady gaga 2017

question_tokens: who is opening up for lady gaga 2017

text: Joanne World Tour

text: Background[edit]

text: Two weeks before Lady Gaga's fifth studio album, Joanne, was released in October 2016, she began a small promotional tour called the Dive Bar Tour, which visited bars across the US.[2][3] On October 24, 2016, the singer confirmed to Howard Stern that she would also embark on a worldwide concert tour to continue promoting the record. She clarified that it would begin after her performance at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, that took place on February 5, 2017.[4] Following the halftime show, Gaga announced the Joanne World Tour which began on August 1, 2017, at Vancouver's Rogers Arena and would continue till December 18, 2017, ending at Inglewood, California's The Forum venue, for a total of 60 shows across North and South America and Europe.[5]

text: On March 2, 2017, Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival announced Gaga as a main headliner of the festival in Indio after Beyoncé had to cancel her appearance due to pregnancy. Billboard reported that the Joanne World Tour would start with the Coachella performances, four months earlier than originally expected.[6] However, in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Gaga's choreographer Richard Jackson confirmed that the performances at Coachella was exclusively for the festival and the Joanne World Tour would be completely different.[7] However, elements from the festival performance as well as from the Super Bowl halftime show were kept and used for the tour.[8]

text: Gaga's participation in the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil was supposed to be the only date in South America.[9] But she cancelled the date after being hospitalized for body pain.[10] On September 18, 2017, Gaga postponed the European leg of the tour as a result of further chronic pain she endured.[11] The postponed dates were announced a few weeks later to reconvene from January 14, 2018 in Barcelona and end on February 23, 2018 in Germany.[12] However, due to severe pain caused by fibromyalgia, Gaga was forced to cancel the remaining 10 shows of her tour, which consequently ended in Birmingham on February 1, 2018.[13]

text: Development[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text:
"I put a lot of my soul into [Joanne]... and I'm looking forward to integrating that with my other songs to contextualize it in a way for the fans... More than anything I just want my fans to feel a message of liberation that they can, at any point in time, change where they are in their life and move forward."

—Gaga talking about the main idea behind the tour.[14]

tag: div

text: The Joanne World Tour plans had to be put on hold temporarily for the Coachella rehearsals.[7] However, its concept was in development since the Super Bowl and rehearsals started after Gaga finished filming for A Star Is Born, her first lead role as an actress.[15] By July 2017, Gaga told Billboard magazine that she and her team were discussing the song selection process as well as where all they would want choreography in the show. She confirmed her plans of releasing more music on tour, like standalone single "The Cure", which was released following the first Coachella performance.[8] Gaga had also planned to play another Dive Bar stop at Las Vegas in July 2017 before kicking off the tour. The singer explained that she wanted to have a slowed-down section during the Joanne World Tour, so that she was able to "really connect with each person in the most intimate way that I can, like it would be in a dive bar".[8] She also wanted to honor the victims of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing, which had happened in May 2017, on every show of the tour.[16]

text: In February 2017, Gaga unveiled a look-book for the tour, which would be available as part of the merchandise on the tour. The book was a collaboration between London-based creative studio Lobster Eye and merchandising company Bravado. They hired photographer Synchrodogs, and stylist Daria Lagenberg to create the photographs. Models like Stacy Koren and Daria Svertilova posed for the pictures, which showed them in a wood-inspired set.[17] Tania Shcheglova and Roman Noven of Synchrodogs explained in an interview with Women's Wear Daily that envisioned a colorful aesthetic for the pictures, being given total freedom as to how they would create it. Wanting to mix both "artificial and natural elements", Synchrodogs used Ukrainian landscape as the backdrops for the photo shoot.[18] The merchandise consisted of necklaces, scarves and T-shirts, with Alexa Tietjen from the Los Angeles Times commenting that "If the lookbook is any indication, the Joanne World Tour just might be Gaga's most fashionable yet."[17] They were made available for purchase at clothing shop Urban Outfitters from May 19, 2017. Consisting of long and short-sleeved T-shirts and bomber jackets, the collection had 10 different items for men and women, with Joanne inspired artwork on them.[19]

text: Stage and setlist[edit]

text: Gaga confirmed in July 2017 that the stage design was completed and building was in progress. The stage was deemed by her as different than all the previous builds done for her tours.[8] The singer also added that "lighting is a big thing this year" on the tour.[8] The main stage was built in collaboration with Tait Inc. with production designer Robert 'Hydro' Mullin, and creative designer, LeRoy Bennett.[21] It is 85 feet (26 m) in width and is accompanied by two satellite stages and a b-stage. It consists of three moving platforms for staging equipment and five performer wave lifts that can move in unison with one another or independently in various different configurations.[22] Carly Mallenbaum from USA Today called them "tetris stages", because of their changing alignments.[20] The main three lifts are 17 feet (5.2 m) wide and aligned parallel to them are two other 50 feet (15 m) lifts. Altogether they render the different configurations and shapes to the stage: elevated, flat, criss-cross, diagonal or staircase.[21]

text: Additionally, 60 feet (18 m) above the audience there are three inflatable lightning pods with video projection displays, that also act as bridges. When not being used for videos, they descend to connect the main stage with the circular satellite stages and the b-stage, allowing access to the performers to move between them.[22] Through these moving platforms and stage, Gaga was able to traverse the entirety of an arena and perform close to the audience. The satellite stages also consisted of two 10 feet (3.0 m) hydraulic lifts, which raised the singer to join a platform on the b-stage. Tait also designed a laser lit, heart-shaped piano. It was adorned with 44 laser beams, that lit up the arena and sequenced with the keypads on the piano. The 1.25 inch acrylic shell piano was enhanced by adding a mix of dichroic filmed polycarbonate fascia, thereby reflecting the beams more.[21]

text: Before the tour had started, Gaga talked about the option of playing new songs during the concert series, saying it is "absolutely" her intention to do so.[23] However, she later added, that because of the stage set, the possibility is less likely. She said that "this show’s actually extremely complex and complicated, and the stage is coded with a computer. It’s intense and the cues all have to be met at a particular time. It’s high stress and tense backstage to make sure everything happens at the exact moment it’s supposed to. So, the setlist might change a little bit, but mostly you’re coming to see a piece that we've created for you."[24]

text: Costume design and makeup[edit]

text: Like on the singer's previous tours, the show was divided into separate segments, each preceded by a costume change of the singer. While Gaga had not shared any sketches or details concerning the costumes before the tour began, it was reported that nearly 50,000 Swarovski crystals had been used while designing the costumes and props for Gaga and the dancers.[25] Sarah Tanno, who worked as makeup artist for the tour, has revealed that the crystals were even used on Gaga's eyes "in order to create a multi-dimensional effect that shines on stage".[26] Gaga shared a photo on Instagram prior to the first show, giving a preview of her two-toned, orange and green wig that she later wore for the shows.[27]

text: The first outift worn by her was a black bejewelled fringe leotard with heavy embroidery, completed with a crystallized sequin hat.[28] The ensemble was costum-made for her by Alexander Wang, who was inspired by "Gaga’s incredible energy" and "the Western spirit", "as well as her transformation into Joanne".[29] Discussing his creation with Vogue, Wang further added that the outfit was influenced by "a cowboy boot’s heavy stitching and embellishments".[29] Gaga later appeared on stage in other "Western-inspired" looks.[30] For one of them, Gaga donned a black jacket with lots of leather fringe, along with black thigh-high-boots, fishnets, and a black hat.[30] Stripping off the jacket, she was seen in a mesh leather cut-out bodysuit.[28] A different "cowgirl" ensemble[31] consisted of a wide-brim hat and a white, hand-painted fringe blazer, which featured song and album titles from her past discography and lyrics from the track, "Perfect Illusion".[32][30]

text: For a performance that involved a new version of Gaga's distinctive "disco-stick" prop from the Super Bowl LI Halftime show,[28] she also changed into a long sleeve light blue leather bodysuit with dramatic shoulder pads, scattered pearls, and matching, knee-high boots.[30][31] Another outfit was a black velvet bodysuit with rose embellished sleeves and custom black velvet block-heel booties designed by Giuseppe Zanotti, which were later completed with a white ball gown skirt.[28][33] Gaga later dressed up in a bold red Norma Camalli "sleeping bag" puffer coat with a 10-foot-long train and an eye mask.[28] Lauren Alexis Fisher from Harper's Bazaar remarked that Gaga brought back "the avant garde looks she's always embraced" with the outfit.[28] After taking off the coat, Gaga started performing in a red leather bodysuit and tassel leather boots.[28][31] She also wore a geometric white jacket with multiple bows on both arms,[31][30] completed with a feathered masquerade mask and a second set of Giuseppe Zanotti heels with a crystal ankle strap.[27][33] The ensemble has been compared to Gaga's look during The Fame Monster era.[28] She later removed the jacket, revealing a glittering long-sleeve, mock neck leotard underneath.[27] For the encore, Gaga donned a sparkling, crystal-embellished roab coat and the same pink hat as seen on the cover of Joanne.[28]

text: Concert synopsis[edit]

text: The show begins with a countdown displayed on a large screen, with the line "Don't call me Gaga" repeatedly played from the speakers. After Gaga shouts out that she instead wants to be called Joanne, she starts performing "Diamond Heart”, standing solely on a raised platform with a microphone stand. She then moves on to sing "A-Yo", while playing on a guitar, and her dancers and guitarists also appear on stage.[34] The show then continues with a choreographed performance of "Poker Face" with her dancers clad in black cowboy-style leather costumes. The first act of the show is concluded by "Perfect Illusion", followed by a video interlude which shows Gaga driving a vintage convertible letting out pink smoke. "John Wayne" is performed with pyrotechnic effects alongside her dancers. This is followed by "Scheiße", performed on the raised platforms.[34] After a solo performance of "Alejandro", Gaga leaves the stage for a costume change.

text: Following another video interlude, depicting the singer with rhino horns, Gaga appears onstage playing her keytar to "Just Dance". "LoveGame" and "Telephone" follows the performance, the former using her characteristic disco-stick. During "Applause", the three lightning pods that were used for video projection are lowered, forming bridges for Gaga and her dancers to cross between the b-stages, allowing them to get to the piano by the end of the song. Here Gaga gives a speech to the crowd and then starts singing "Come to Mama" and "The Edge of Glory" on the piano. Changing into a ball gown Gaga performs "Born This Way" accompanied by colorful lighting effects.

text: After another video interlude, Gaga returns to sing "Bloody Mary" in a puffer coat red dress, which is changed into a red bodysuit for "Dancin' in Circles". Gaga then performs "Paparazzi" portraying a choreographed battle onstage, showing someone stalked and murdered.[34] Ambulance sirens are heard and a cross with a red and blue background is displayed as one of the pods are lifted, containing her. The show then shifts into "Angel Down" as the pod that contained Gaga, now in a white fringe blazer and a brownish hat with a feather, is lowered halfway.[34] Gaga then goes down to the platform to tell the audience a story about her late aunt, Joanne Germanotta, before sitting down on a stool, guitar in-hand to perform the album title track.

text: The final segment begins with "Bad Romance", with Gaga and her dancers all decked in white, followed by "The Cure" with full choreography. She takes a bow and leaves the stage, only to return a few minutes later for the encore, wearing a long silver sparkling jacket paired with the signature pink hat.[34] "Million Reasons" is sung on piano, with the singer standing atop it, and the show ends with Gaga disappearing under the stage, while leaving the pink hat behind on the piano stool.[35]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: Ticket sales[edit]

text: According to Live Nation, all the arena dates of the tour had general admission as well as reserved seat tickets listed. Special privileges were provided to Citi bank card holders, who had the opportunity to utilize the pre-sale in cities like Los Angeles and Philadelphia, although there was a limit of 8 tickets per transaction for any buyer. For every ticket sold for the United States shows, Live Nation also announced that US$1 would be given to Gaga's Born This Way Foundation.[36]

text: The company announced that there were high demands for tickets across North America and Europe, when tickets went on for sale on February 13, 2017. All the dates for the North American leg were instantly sold out leading to secondary dates being added in cities like Las Vegas, Inglewood, Toronto and Philadelphia as well as at New York City's Citi Field and Boston's Fenway Park. There were further sold out shows reported for the tour dates in Tacoma, Omaha, Vancouver, Edmonton, San Francisco, Chicago and Montreal among others. Similar demand was observed in Europe where tickets had gone on sale three days earlier, leading to sell-outs. Barcelona, Birmingham, London and Paris were sold out immediately with Live Nation promptly announcing secondary dates. A press release from the company alerted that minimum tickets were available for the dates with the high demand.[36][37]

text: Boxscore[edit]

text: Billboard revealed the first North American boxscores for the tour in August 2017. Total gross was at $8.7 million, with 78,530 tickets sold from four sold out shows. The shows at Inglewood's The Forum provided both the highest gross and ticket sales of the shows reported, grossing $3.6 million with an attendance of 28,567. The first American show, at Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, produced the top sales and attendance among the arenas that hosted only one show, grossing $2.1 million and an attendance of 19,296 — a 36% increase both in gross and ticket sales compared to her previous Born This Way Ball tour show at the arena. Bob Allen from the magazine noted a 72% increase for the most expensive tickets at the venue in comparison to Born This Way Ball — from $175 to $251.[38] She added another $11.9 million to the gross, and was the top boxscore artist in the next published totals in Billboard, with 103,162 tickets sold.[39] As the first leg came to end, Billboard reported the totals as $52 million, with over 440,000 tickets sold and a total of 20 sold out concerts. The stadium shows averaged at 36,500 per concert, while in the arenas the average was 15,800. The latter was more than the average of her previous tours: ArtRave: The Artpop Ball (2014) had an average of 12,300 attendance while Born This Way Ball (2012–2013) raked in at 12,400 during its 10-month run.[40] Pollstar revealed that the North American leg grossed $85.7 million in total, with 737,155 tickets sold.[41] It was ranked at number 14 on Pollstar's year end tabulation of the Top 100 Worldwide Tours of 2017, with $2.448 million average gross from over 35 reported dates.[42]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: North America[edit]

text: Tom Murray from the Edmonton Journal was very positive in his review, saying that "a big, over-the-top assault on the senses, Gaga’s Joanne World Tour is as impressive as an arena show gets, with a dramatic arc that hinges as much on the singer’s charisma and vocal skills as it does any of the special effects."[43] Alex Stedman for Variety stated: "Lady Gaga can do more than your average pop star. (...) Though there's much to be said about Gaga's unfaltering vocals and high-energy showmanship, it's also worth noting one of the most impressive parts of the show: the set."[44] In another positive review, Las Vegas Weekly's Josh Bell wrote: "Even as Lady Gaga's studio albums have become more scattered and uneven, she remains a fantastic live act, distilling the best of her music, her fashion sense, her vocal skills and her charismatic personality into a two-hour stage spectacle. (...) Gaga herself remained the most mesmerizing part of an impressively crafted show."[45] Reviewing the Fenway Park show from September 1, Brett Milano from Boston Herald praised Gaga's voice: "She's a remarkable singer, equally at home with blue-eyed soul, hard-edged dance tunes and torchy cabaret numbers. (...) There wasn't a bit of evident lip-synching during last night's show and for mainstream pop artists at superstar level, that's a pretty big exception to the rule. The show suggested that her career may be moving into a less flashy, more intimate phase — but last night she brought it all, the cheap thrills and the underlying heart."[46]

text: Jon Caramanica from The New York Times felt that the first part of the show was "disjointed, shifting styles and attitudes seemingly at random", but Gaga later "struck a rhythm". He further complimented the piano sessions, writing that "Gaga was at home" with the instrument.[47] Selena Fragassi from the Chicago Sun-Times complimented the set design, the costumes, and Gaga's "nearly pitch-perfect" vocals, saying that the show is "just another testament to Gaga's star power". However, she was critical of Gaga's dancing abilities, saying that "the singer, though, was a shadow of her former dancing self, relying on years-old choreography and struggling to keep her balance on 'Bad Romance'."[48] Similarly, Mikael Wood from the Los Angeles Times believed that the ballads were the concert's highlight, adding that "she's begun to tire of carefully synchronizing all those moving parts. In busy old hits like 'LoveGame' and 'Telephone', Lady Gaga put across little visible excitement".[49] Richard Burnett wrote a positive review for the Montreal Gazette, saying that "what Gaga lacked in overall musical momentum was more than made up for by her eye-popping multiplatform main stage" with its special effects.[35] Writing for The Detroit News, Adam Graham called Gaga "dynamite throughout the night" and praised her connection with the audience, while criticizing the overlong costume changes "as her band was forced to fill in the gaps with extended vamping".[50]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Alexis Petridis from The Guardian rated the show 4 stars out of five, and singled out Gaga's performance during the acoustic sections and her connection with the audience as highlights. He further added that although the show cannot be called "understated", compared to Gaga's older concert tours, "the weirdness that was once her calling card has been considerably scaled back".[51] Alice Vincent from The Telegraph also noted that the Joanne Tour is "a more minimalist affair", but in her opinion "Gaga’s appeal" is "not gimmicks or dramatic reinventions, but that she stays the same beneath them all".[1]

text: Broadcast and recording[edit]

text: On November 19, 2017, Gaga performed "The Cure" live for the American Music Awards, from the tour stop at Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C. This was the first televised performance of the song, and Gaga's second consecutive year performing at the American Music Awards.[52] In addition, prior to performing "LoveGame", the show was put on hold to broadcast a live screening of the American Music Awards presentation for "Best Pop/Rock Female Artist" which Gaga won. The award was presented by three fans and her acceptance speech was broadcast live from the tour.[53]

text: On January 31, 2018, the show at Arena Birmingham was recorded in its entirety by the singer's crew. While recording, due to technical malfunctions of the stage, Gaga performed "Scheiße" twice.[54]

text: Set list[edit]

text: This set list is from the August 1, 2017, concert in Vancouver. It is not intended to represent all concerts for the tour.[55]

text:
"Diamond Heart"
"A-Yo"
"Poker Face"
"Perfect Illusion"
"John Wayne"
"Scheiße"
"Alejandro"
"Just Dance"
"LoveGame"
"Telephone"
"Applause"
"Come to Mama"
"The Edge of Glory"
"Born This Way"
"Bloody Mary"
"Dancin' in Circles"
"Paparazzi"
"Angel Down"
"Joanne"
"Bad Romance"
"The Cure"

tag: ol

text: "Million Reasons"

text:
On certain dates, including all stadium shows, "Bloody Mary", "Dancin' in Circles" and "Paparazzi" were not performed.[56]
During the performance in Houston, Gaga performed "Grigio Girls" as part of the encore.[57]
During the third Inglewood performance, Mark Ronson joined Gaga on stage to perform "Joanne".[58]
During the performance in Milan, Gaga performed an acappella version of "Donatella" for Donatella Versace, who was attending the concert.[59]

text: Shows[edit]

text:
List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, opening acts, tickets sold, amount of available tickets, and gross revenue

Date
City
Country
Venue
Opening acts
Attendance
Revenue

North America – Leg 1[9][40][60][61]

August 1, 2017
Vancouver
Canada
Rogers Arena
N/A
15,665 / 15,665
$1,430,667

August 3, 2017
Edmonton
Rogers Place
15,002 / 15,002
$1,466,718

August 5, 2017
Tacoma
United States
Tacoma Dome
19,296 / 19,296
$2,158,960

August 8, 2017
Inglewood
The Forum
28,567 / 28,567
$3,633,410

August 9, 2017

August 11, 2017
Las Vegas
T-Mobile Arena
15,893 / 15,893
$2,139,858

August 13, 2017
San Francisco
AT&T Park
DJ White Shadow
39,225 / 39,225
$4,674,972

August 15, 2017
Sacramento
Golden 1 Center
N/A
15,546 / 15,546
$1,663,263

August 19, 2017
Omaha
CenturyLink Center Omaha
15,886 / 15,886
$1,693,038

August 21, 2017
Saint Paul
Xcel Energy Center
16,612 / 16,612
$1,813,406

August 23, 2017
Cleveland
Quicken Loans Arena
15,552 / 15,552
$1,622,428

August 25, 2017
Chicago
Wrigley Field
DJ White Shadow
41,847 / 41,847
$5,213,820

August 28, 2017
New York City
Citi Field
69,978 / 69,978
$9,520,390

August 29, 2017

September 1, 2017
Boston
Fenway Park
67,660 / 67,660
$8,111,672

September 2, 2017

September 6, 2017
Toronto
Canada
Air Canada Centre
N/A
31,526 / 31,526
$3,328,841

September 7, 2017

September 10, 2017
Philadelphia
United States
Wells Fargo Center
32,296 / 32,296
$3,629,942

September 11, 2017

North America – Leg 2[9][60][62]

November 3, 2017[a]
Montreal
Canada
Bell Centre
N/A
17,946 / 17,946
$1,525,732

November 5, 2017
Indianapolis
United States
Bankers Life Fieldhouse
15,375 / 15,375
$1,606,010

November 7, 2017
Detroit
Little Caesars Arena
15,550 / 15,550
$1,712,378

November 9, 2017
Uncasville
Mohegan Sun Arena
15,394 / 15,394
$1,784,100

November 11, 2017

November 13, 2017
Louisville
KFC Yum! Center
17,997 / 17,997
$1,959,814

November 15, 2017
Kansas City
Sprint Center
15,117 / 15,117
$1,612,710

November 16, 2017
St. Louis
Scottrade Center
16,343 / 16,343
$1,577,704

November 19, 2017
Washington, D.C.
Capital One Arena
15,288 / 15,288
$1,901,754

November 20, 2017
Pittsburgh
PPG Paints Arena
15,228 / 15,228
$1,641,888

November 28, 2017
Atlanta
Philips Arena
12,155 / 12,155
$1,615,820

November 30, 2017
Miami
American Airlines Arena
14,738 / 14,738
$1,776,734

December 1, 2017
Tampa
Amalie Arena
15,170 / 15,170
$1,627,766

December 3, 2017
Houston
Toyota Center
13,100 / 13,100
$1,712,302

December 5, 2017
Austin
Frank Erwin Center
12,981 / 12,981
$1,437,660

December 8, 2017
Dallas
American Airlines Center
15,047 / 15,047
$1,771,939

December 9, 2017
Oklahoma City
Chesapeake Energy Arena
14,072 / 14,072
$1,512,444

December 12, 2017
Denver
Pepsi Center
15,852 / 15,852
$1,620,472

December 14, 2017
Salt Lake City
Vivint Smart Home Arena
12,688 / 12,688
$1,425,214

December 16, 2017
Las Vegas
T-Mobile Arena
14,478 / 14,478
$2,163,880

December 18, 2017
Inglewood
The Forum
13,282 / 13,282
$1,707,064

Europe — Leg 3[b][64]

January 14, 2018
Barcelona
Spain
Palau Sant Jordi
N/A
28,918 / 28,918
$2,113,298

January 16, 2018

January 18, 2018
Milan
Italy
Mediolanum Forum
11,170 / 11,170
$1,109,390

January 20, 2018
Amsterdam
Netherlands
Ziggo Dome
15,397 / 15,397
$1,465,089

January 22, 2018
Antwerp
Belgium
Sportpaleis
15,533 / 15,533
$1,435,452

January 24, 2018
Hamburg
Germany
Barclaycard Arena
10,587 / 10,587
$1,055,950

January 31, 2018
Birmingham
England
Arena Birmingham
12,456 / 12,456
$1,138,126

February 1, 2018
Genting Arena
9,522 / 9,522
$799,708

Total
841,935 / 841,935 (100%)
$94,911,783

text: Cancelled shows[edit]

text:
List of cancelled concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, and reason for cancellation

Date
City
Country
Venue
Reason

September 15, 2017[c]
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Barra Olympic Park
Hospitalization for body pain caused by fibromyalgia[10]

February 4, 2018
London
England
The O2 Arena
Body pain caused by fibromyalgia[13]

February 6, 2018
Manchester
Manchester Arena

February 8, 2018
London
The O2 Arena

February 11, 2018
Zürich
Switzerland
Hallenstadion

February 13, 2018
Cologne
Germany
Lanxess Arena

February 15, 2018
Stockholm
Sweden
Ericsson Globe

February 17, 2018
Copenhagen
Denmark
Royal Arena

February 20, 2018
Paris
France
AccorHotels Arena

February 21, 2018

February 23, 2018
Berlin
Germany
Mercedes-Benz Arena

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Band[edit]

text:
Michael Bearden – musical director
Brockett Parsons – keyboards
Chris Johnson – drums
Jonny Goody – bass
Ricky Tillo – guitar
Tim Stewart – guitar
Lady Gaga – guitar and keyboard/piano (on "A-Yo", "Joanne"), keytar (on "Just Dance"), piano/keyboard (on "Come to Mama", "The Edge of Glory" and "Million Reasons")

text: Dancers[edit]

text:
Christina Grady - dancer
Montana Efaw – dancer
Kevin Frey – dancer
Ian McKenzie – dancer
Tamina Pollack-Paris – dancer
Sloan-Taylor Rabinor – dancer
Victor Rojas – dancer
Christopher ‘War’ Shazar – dancer
China Taylor – dancer
Caroline Diamond - dancer
Asiel Hardison - dancer
Graham Breitenstein - dancer

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The concert of November 3, 2017 in Montreal at the Bell Centre was originally planned to take place on September 4, 2017, but was rescheduled due to respiratory infection and laryngitis[63]
Jump up ^ All the European dates were postponed from their original events to 2018 due to hospitalization for body pain caused by fibromyalgia[11]
Jump up ^ The show on September 15, 2017, in Rio de Janeiro would have been a part of the Rock in Rio festival. Maroon 5 replaced Gaga as headliner.[65]