document_title: Men's major golf championships

question_text: who won the four major golf tournaments in 2017

question_tokens: who won the four major golf tournaments in 2017

text: Men's major golf championships

text: Importance[edit]

text: Alongside the biennial Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup team competitions, the majors are golf's marquee events. Elite players from all over the world participate in them, and the reputations of the greatest players in golf history are largely based on the number and variety of major championship victories they accumulate. The top prizes are not actually the largest in golf, being surpassed by The Players Championship, three of the four World Golf Championships events (the HSBC Champions, promoted to WGC status in 2009, has a top prize comparable to that of the majors), and some other invitational events. However, winning a major boosts a player's career far more than winning any other tournament. If he is already a leading player, he will probably receive large bonuses from his sponsors and may be able to negotiate better contracts. If he is an unknown, he will immediately be signed up. Perhaps more importantly, he will receive an exemption from the need to annually re-qualify for a tour card on his home tour, thus giving a tournament golfer some security in an unstable profession. Currently, the PGA Tour gives a five-year exemption to all major winners, while the European Tour gives a seven-year exemption.

text: Three of the four majors take place in the United States. The Masters is played at the same course, Augusta National Golf Club, every year, while the other three rotate courses (the Open Championship, however, is always played on a links course). Each of the majors has a distinct history, and they are run by four different golf organizations, but their special status is recognized worldwide. Major championship winners receive the maximum possible allocation of 100 points from the Official World Golf Ranking, which is endorsed by all of the main tours, and major championship prize money is official on the three richest regular (i.e. under-50) golf tours, the PGA Tour, European Tour and Japan Golf Tour.

text: Although the majors are considered prestigious due to their history and traditions, there are still other non-"major" tournaments which prominently feature top players competing for purses meeting or exceeding those of the four traditional majors, such as the World Golf Championships, the European Tour's DP World Tour Championship, Dubai, and the PGA Tour's Players Championship. As The Players has the largest prize fund of any golf event, and is promoted as the tour's flagship tournament, it is frequently considered to be an unofficial "fifth major" by players and critics. After the announcement that the Evian Masters would be recognized as the fifth women's major by the LPGA Tour, players shared objections to the concept of having a fifth men's major, owing to the long-standing traditions that the existing four have established.[3][4]

text: History[edit]

text: The majors originally consisted of two British tournaments, The Open Championship and The Amateur Championship, and two American tournaments, the U.S. Open and the U.S. Amateur. With the introduction of the Masters Tournament in 1934, and the rise of professional golf in the late 1940s and 1950s, the term "major championships" eventually came to describe the Masters, the U.S. Open, the Open Championship, and the PGA Championship. It is difficult to determine when the definition changed to include the current four tournaments, although many trace it to Arnold Palmer's 1960 season. After winning the Masters and the U.S. Open to start the season, he remarked that if he could win the Open Championship and PGA Championship to finish the season, he would complete "a grand slam of his own" to rival Bobby Jones's 1930 feat. Until that time, many U.S. players such as Byron Nelson also considered the Western Open and the North and South Open as two of golf's "majors,"[5] and the British PGA Matchplay Championship was as important to British and Commonwealth professionals as the PGA Championship was to Americans.

text: During the 1950s, the short-lived World Championship of Golf was viewed as a "major" by its competitors, as its first prize was worth almost ten times any other event in the game, and it was the first event whose finale was televised live on U.S. television. The oldest of the majors is The Open Championship, commonly referred to as the "British Open" outside the United Kingdom. Dominated by American champions in the 1920s and 1930s, the comparative explosion in the riches available on the U.S. Tour from the 1940s onwards meant that the lengthy overseas trip needed to qualify and compete in the event became increasingly prohibitive for the leading American professionals. Their regular participation dwindled after the war years. Ben Hogan entered just once in 1953 and won, but never returned. Sam Snead won in 1946 but lost money on the trip (first prize was $600) and did not return until 1962.

text: Golf writer Dan Jenkins, often seen as the world authority on majors since he's attended more (200+) than anyone else, has noted that "the pros didn't talk much about majors back then. I think it was Herbert Warren Wind who starting using the term. He said golfers had to be judged by the major tournaments they won, but it's not like there was any set number of major tournaments."[6]

text: In 1960, Arnold Palmer entered The Open Championship in an attempt to emulate Hogan's 1953 feat of winning on his first visit. Though a runner-up by a stroke in his first attempt, Palmer returned and won the next two in 1961 and 1962. Scheduling difficulties persisted with the PGA Championship, but more Americans began competing in the 1960s, restoring the event's prestige (and with it the prize money that once again made it an attractive prospect to other American pros). The advent of transatlantic jet travel helped to boost American participation in The Open. A discussion between Palmer and Pittsburgh golf writer Bob Drum led to the concept of the modern Grand Slam of Golf.[7]

text: In August 2017, after the previous year's edition was scheduled earlier due to golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the PGA of America announced that the PGA Championship would be moved to late-May beginning in 2019, in between the Masters and U.S. Open. The PGA Tour concurrently announced that it would move the Players Championship back to March the same year; as a result, the Players and the four majors will still be played across five consecutive months.[8][2]

text: Television coverage[edit]

text: United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, the BBC used to be the exclusive TV home of the Masters Tournament and the Open Championship, however from 2011 onwards Sky Sports has exclusive live coverage of the first two days of the Masters, with the weekend rounds shared with the BBC. The U.S. Open is shown exclusively on Sky Sports. Beginning in 2016, Sky Sports also became the exclusive broadcaster of the Open Championship; the BBC elected to forego the final year of its contract.[9] The BBC continues to hold rights to broadcast a nightly highlights programme.[10]

text: Sky also held rights to the PGA Championship, but in July 2017, it was reported that the PGA of America had declined to renew its contract, seeking a different media model for the tournament in the United Kingdom.[11] The BBC acquired rights to the PGA Championship for 2017, with most coverage relegated to BBC Red Button and the conclusion of coverage on BBC Two. The PGA reached a separate deal to also stream coverage in the UK via Facebook Live, hosted by GiveMeSport.[12] [13]

text: United States[edit]

text: As none of the majors fall under the direct jurisdiction of tours, broadcast rights for these events are negotiated separately with each sanctioning body. All four majors have been broadcast at some point by one of the "big three" networks—all of whom are currently or have previously been PGA Tour broadcast partners. In 2015, CBS was the only big three network that held weekend-round rights to one or more majors, as the remainder, along with early round coverage of all four, were held either by Fox or cable networks.

text: The Masters has been televised by CBS since 1956. Beginning in 1966, ABC obtained the broadcast rights for the other three majors and held them for a quarter century. The PGA Championship moved to CBS in 1991 and the U.S. Open returned to NBC in 1995.[14][15]

text: ABC retained The Open Championship as its sole major, but moved its live coverage on the weekend to sister cable network ESPN in 2010. In June 2015, it was announced that NBC and Golf Channel would acquire rights to the Open Championship under a 12-year deal.[16] While the NBC deal was originally to take effect in 2017, ESPN chose to opt out of its final year of Open rights, so the NBC contract took effect beginning in 2016 instead.[9]

text: The Masters operates under one-year contracts; CBS has been the main TV partner every year since 1956, with ESPN broadcasting CBS-produced coverage of the first and second rounds since 2008, replacing USA Network, which had shown the event since the early 1980s.[17] As of 2015, Fox Sports holds broadcast rights to the U.S. Open and other USGA events, replacing NBC and ESPN, with Fox Sports 1 as the primary pay TV outlet.[18] CBS and Turner Sports hold rights to the PGA Championship, with TNT handling early round and weekend morning coverage, and CBS airing weekend afternoon coverage. Their respective contracts with the PGA of America run through 2019.[19][20]

text: Distinctive characteristics of majors[edit]

text: Because each major was developed and is run by a different organization, they each have different characteristics that set them apart. These involve the character of the courses used, the composition of the field, and other idiosyncrasies.

text:
The Masters Tournament (sometimes referred to as the U.S. Masters) is the only major that is played at the same course every year (Augusta National Golf Club), being the invitational tournament of that club. The Masters invites the smallest field of the majors, generally under 100 players (although, like all the majors, it now ensures entry for all golfers among the world's top 50 prior to the event), and is the only one of the four majors that does not use "alternates" to replace qualified players who do not enter the event (usually due to injury). Former champions have a lifetime invitation to compete, and also included in the field are the current champions of the major amateur championships, and most of the previous year's PGA Tour winners (winners of "alternate" events held opposite a high-profile tournament do not receive automatic invitations). The traditions of Augusta, such as the awarding of a green jacket to the champion, create a distinctive character for the tournament, as does the course itself, with its lack of primary rough but severely undulating fairways and greens, and punitive use of ponds and creeks on several key holes on the back nine.
The U.S. Open is notorious for being played on difficult courses that have tight fairways, challenging greens, demanding pin positions and thick and high rough, placing a great premium on accuracy, especially with driving and approach play. Additionally, while most regular tour events are played on courses with par 72, the U.S. Open has almost never been held on a par-72 course in recent decades; the 2017 event was the first since 1992 to be played at par 72.[21] During this time, the tournament course has occasionally been played to a par of 71 but most commonly par 70. The U.S. Open is rarely won with a score much under par. The event is the championship of the United States Golf Association, and in having a very strict exempt qualifiers list – made up of recent major champions, professionals currently ranked high in the world rankings or on the previous year's money lists around the world, and leading amateurs from recent USGA events – about half of the 156-person field still enters the tournament through two rounds of open qualification events, mostly held in the U.S. but also in Europe and Japan. The U.S. Open has no barrier to entry for either women or junior players, as long as they are a professional or meet amateur handicap requirements. As of 2016, however, no female golfer has yet qualified for the U.S. Open, although in 2006 Michelle Wie made it to the second qualifying stage. While the U.S. Open employed an 18-hole playoff for many years if players were tied after four rounds, the USGA announced that beginning in 2018 all of their championships will implement a two-hole aggregate playoff format going forward. A sudden death playoff would follow if the players were still tied after the two playoff holes.[22] (This change would also keep the U.S. Open more in line with both the Open and PGA Championships which use four- and three-hole aggregate playoffs respectively, followed by sudden death if necessary, and most regular events as well as the Masters only have simple sudden-death playoffs.) The Sunday of the Championship has also in recent years fallen on Father's Day (at least as recognized in the US and the UK) which has lent added poignancy to winners' speeches.
The Open Championship (sometimes referred to as the British Open) is organized by The R&A, an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, and is typically played on a links-style course in the United Kingdom (primarily England or Scotland). It carries the prestige of being the oldest professional golf tournament currently in existence and the original "Open" championship (although the very first event was held only for British professionals). It is respected for maintaining the tradition of links play that dates back to the very invention of the game in Scotland. Links courses are generally typified as coastal, flat and often very windswept, with the fairways cut through dune grass and gorse bushes that make up the "rough", and have deep bunkers. The course is generally not "doctored" to make it more difficult, effectively making the variable weather the main external influence on the field's score.[23] As well as exempting from qualifying recent professional major and amateur champions, all former Open Championship winners under age 60, and leading players from the world rankings, the R&A ensures that leading golfers from around the globe are given the chance to enter by holding qualifying events on all continents, as well as holding final qualifying events around the UK in the weeks prior to the main tournament. The champion receives (and has his name inscribed on the base of) the famous Claret Jug, a trophy that dates back to 1872 (champions from 1860 until 1871 received instead a championship belt, much like a champion professional boxer's belt nowadays) and the engraving of the champions' name on the trophy prior to them receiving it is, in itself, one of the traditions of the closing ceremony of the championship, as is the award of the silver medal to the leading amateur player to have made the cut to play the last 36 holes.
The PGA Championship (sometimes referred to as the U.S. PGA) is traditionally played at a parkland club in the United States, and the courses chosen tend to be as difficult as those chosen for the U.S. Open, with several, such as Baltusrol Golf Club, Medinah Country Club, Oakland Hills Country Club, Oak Hill Country Club, and Winged Foot Golf Club, having hosted both. The PGA generally does not set up the course to be as difficult as the USGA does. The PGA of America enters into a profit-sharing agreement with the host club (except when the event is hosted by Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, Kentucky, a club that it owns). In a parallel with The Masters, previous winners of the PGA Championship have a lifetime invitation to compete. As well as inviting recent champions of the other three professional majors and leading players from the world rankings, the PGA Championship field is completed by qualifiers held among members of the PGA of America, the organization of club and teaching professionals that are separate from the members of the PGA Tour. The PGA Championship is also the only one of the four majors to invite all winners of PGA Tour events in the year preceding the tournament. Amateur golfers do not normally play on the PGA Tour, and could only qualify by winning one of the other three majors, winning a PGA Tour event while playing under a sponsor's exemption, or having a high world ranking. The PGA tends to be played in high heat and humidity that characterize the American climate in August, which often sets it apart as a challenge from (in particular) the Open Championship which precedes it, that is often played in cooler and rainy weather.

text: Major championship winners[edit]

text: Win number out of total wins is shown in parentheses for golfers with more than one major championship.

text:
Year
Masters Tournament[24]
U.S. Open[25]
The Open Championship[26]
PGA Championship[27]

2018
 Patrick Reed
June 14–17, Shinnecock Hills
July 19–22, Carnoustie Golf Links
August 9–12, Bellerive Country Club

2017
 Sergio García
 Brooks Koepka
 Jordan Spieth (3/3)
 Justin Thomas

2016
 Danny Willett
 Dustin Johnson
 Henrik Stenson
 Jimmy Walker

2015
 Jordan Spieth (1/3)
 Jordan Spieth (2/3)
 Zach Johnson (2/2)
 Jason Day

2014
 Bubba Watson (2/2)
 Martin Kaymer (2/2)
 Rory McIlroy (3/4)
 Rory McIlroy (4/4)

2013
 Adam Scott
 Justin Rose
 Phil Mickelson (5/5)
 Jason Dufner

2012
 Bubba Watson (1/2)
 Webb Simpson
 Ernie Els (4/4)
 Rory McIlroy (2/4)

2011
 Charl Schwartzel
 Rory McIlroy (1/4)
 Darren Clarke
 Keegan Bradley

2010
 Phil Mickelson (4/5)
 Graeme McDowell
 Louis Oosthuizen
 Martin Kaymer (1/2)

2009
 Ángel Cabrera (2/2)
 Lucas Glover
 Stewart Cink
 Yang Yong-eun

2008
 Trevor Immelman
 Tiger Woods (14/14)
 Pádraig Harrington (2/3)
 Pádraig Harrington (3/3)

2007
 Zach Johnson (1/2)
 Ángel Cabrera (1/2)
 Pádraig Harrington (1/3)
 Tiger Woods (13/14)

2006
 Phil Mickelson (3/5)
 Geoff Ogilvy
 Tiger Woods (11/14)
 Tiger Woods (12/14)

2005
 Tiger Woods (9/14)
 Michael Campbell
 Tiger Woods (10/14)
 Phil Mickelson (2/5)

2004
 Phil Mickelson (1/5)
 Retief Goosen (2/2)
 Todd Hamilton
 Vijay Singh (3/3)

2003
 Mike Weir
 Jim Furyk
 Ben Curtis
 Shaun Micheel

2002
 Tiger Woods (7/14)
 Tiger Woods (8/14)
 Ernie Els (3/4)
 Rich Beem

2001
 Tiger Woods (6/14)
 Retief Goosen (1/2)
 David Duval
 David Toms

2000
 Vijay Singh (2/3)
 Tiger Woods (3/14)
 Tiger Woods (4/14)
 Tiger Woods (5/14)

1999
 José María Olazábal (2/2)
 Payne Stewart (3/3)
 Paul Lawrie
 Tiger Woods (2/14)

1998
 Mark O'Meara (1/2)
 Lee Janzen (2/2)
 Mark O'Meara (2/2)
 Vijay Singh (1/3)

1997
 Tiger Woods (1/14)
 Ernie Els (2/4)
 Justin Leonard
 Davis Love III

1996
 Nick Faldo (6/6)
 Steve Jones
 Tom Lehman
 Mark Brooks

1995
 Ben Crenshaw (2/2)
 Corey Pavin
 John Daly (2/2)
 Steve Elkington

1994
 José María Olazábal (1/2)
 Ernie Els (1/4)
 Nick Price (2/3)
 Nick Price (3/3)

1993
 Bernhard Langer (2/2)
 Lee Janzen (1/2)
 Greg Norman (2/2)
 Paul Azinger

1992
 Fred Couples
 Tom Kite
 Nick Faldo (5/6)
 Nick Price (1/3)

1991
 Ian Woosnam
 Payne Stewart (2/3)
 Ian Baker-Finch
 John Daly (1/2)

1990
 Nick Faldo (3/6)
 Hale Irwin (3/3)
 Nick Faldo (4/6)
 Wayne Grady

1989
 Nick Faldo (2/6)
 Curtis Strange (2/2)
 Mark Calcavecchia
 Payne Stewart (1/3)

1988
 Sandy Lyle (2/2)
 Curtis Strange (1/2)
 Seve Ballesteros (5/5)
 Jeff Sluman

1987
 Larry Mize
 Scott Simpson
 Nick Faldo (1/6)
 Larry Nelson (3/3)

1986
 Jack Nicklaus (18/18)
 Raymond Floyd (4/4)
 Greg Norman (1/2)
 Bob Tway

1985
 Bernhard Langer (1/2)
 Andy North (2/2)
 Sandy Lyle (1/2)
 Hubert Green (2/2)

1984
 Ben Crenshaw (1/2)
 Fuzzy Zoeller (2/2)
 Seve Ballesteros (4/5)
 Lee Trevino (6/6)

1983
 Seve Ballesteros (3/5)
 Larry Nelson (2/3)
 Tom Watson (8/8)
 Hal Sutton

1982
 Craig Stadler
 Tom Watson (6/8)
 Tom Watson (7/8)
 Raymond Floyd (3/4)

1981
 Tom Watson (5/8)
 David Graham (2/2)
 Bill Rogers
 Larry Nelson (1/3)

1980
 Seve Ballesteros (2/5)
 Jack Nicklaus (16/18)
 Tom Watson (4/8)
 Jack Nicklaus (17/18)

1979
 Fuzzy Zoeller (1/2)
 Hale Irwin (2/3)
 Seve Ballesteros (1/5)
 David Graham (1/2)

1978
 Gary Player (9/9)
 Andy North (1/2)
 Jack Nicklaus (15/18)
 John Mahaffey

1977
 Tom Watson (2/8)
 Hubert Green (1/2)
 Tom Watson (3/8)
 Lanny Wadkins

1976
 Raymond Floyd (2/4)
 Jerry Pate
 Johnny Miller (2/2)
 Dave Stockton (2/2)

1975
 Jack Nicklaus (13/18)
 Lou Graham
 Tom Watson (1/8)
 Jack Nicklaus (14/18)

1974
 Gary Player (7/9)
 Hale Irwin (1/3)
 Gary Player (8/9)
 Lee Trevino (5/6)

1973
 Tommy Aaron
 Johnny Miller (1/2)
 Tom Weiskopf
 Jack Nicklaus (12/18)

1972
 Jack Nicklaus (10/18)
 Jack Nicklaus (11/18)
 Lee Trevino (4/6)
 Gary Player (6/9)

1971
 Charles Coody
 Lee Trevino (2/6)
 Lee Trevino (3/6)
 Jack Nicklaus (9/18)

1970
 Billy Casper (3/3)
 Tony Jacklin (2/2)
 Jack Nicklaus (8/18)
 Dave Stockton (1/2)

1969
 George Archer
 Orville Moody
 Tony Jacklin (1/2)
 Raymond Floyd (1/4)

1968
 Bob Goalby
 Lee Trevino (1/6)
 Gary Player (5/9)
 Julius Boros (3/3)

1967
 Gay Brewer
 Jack Nicklaus (7/18)
 Roberto DeVicenzo
 Don January

1966
 Jack Nicklaus (5/18)
 Billy Casper (2/3)
 Jack Nicklaus (6/18)
 Al Geiberger

1965
 Jack Nicklaus (4/18)
 Gary Player (4/9)
 Peter Thomson (5/5)
 Dave Marr

1964
 Arnold Palmer (7/7)
 Ken Venturi
 Tony Lema
 Bobby Nichols

1963
 Jack Nicklaus (2/18)
 Julius Boros (2/3)
 Bob Charles
 Jack Nicklaus (3/18)

1962
 Arnold Palmer (5/7)
 Jack Nicklaus (1/18)
 Arnold Palmer (6/7)
 Gary Player (3/9)

1961
 Gary Player (2/9)
 Gene Littler
 Arnold Palmer (4/7)
 Jerry Barber

1960
 Arnold Palmer (2/7)
 Arnold Palmer (3/7)
 Kel Nagle
 Jay Hebert

1959
 Art Wall, Jr.
 Billy Casper (1/3)
 Gary Player (1/9)
 Bob Rosburg

1958
 Arnold Palmer (1/7)
 Tommy Bolt
 Peter Thomson (4/5)
 Dow Finsterwald

1957
 Doug Ford (2/2)
 Dick Mayer
 Bobby Locke (4/4)
 Lionel Hebert

1956
 Jack Burke, Jr. (1/2)
 Cary Middlecoff (3/3)
 Peter Thomson (3/5)
 Jack Burke, Jr. (2/2)

1955
 Cary Middlecoff (2/3)
 Jack Fleck
 Peter Thomson (2/5)
 Doug Ford (1/2)

1954
 Sam Snead (7/7)
 Ed Furgol
 Peter Thomson (1/5)
 Chick Harbert

1953
 Ben Hogan (7/9)
 Ben Hogan (8/9)
 Ben Hogan (9/9)
 Walter Burkemo

1952
 Sam Snead (6/7)
 Julius Boros (1/3)
 Bobby Locke (3/4)
 Jim Turnesa

1951
 Ben Hogan (5/9)
 Ben Hogan (6/9)
 Max Faulkner
 Sam Snead (5/7)

1950
 Jimmy Demaret (3/3)
 Ben Hogan (4/9)
 Bobby Locke (2/4)
 Chandler Harper

1949
 Sam Snead (3/7)
 Cary Middlecoff (1/3)
 Bobby Locke (1/4)
 Sam Snead (4/7)

1948
 Claude Harmon
 Ben Hogan (3/9)
 Henry Cotton (3/3)
 Ben Hogan (2/9)

1947
 Jimmy Demaret (2/3)
 Lew Worsham
 Fred Daly
 Jim Ferrier

1946
 Herman Keiser
 Lloyd Mangrum
 Sam Snead (2/7)
 Ben Hogan (1/9)

1945
Not held due to World War II
Not held due to World War II
Not held due to World War II
 Byron Nelson (5/5)

1944
 Bob Hamilton

1943
Not held due to World War II

1942
 Byron Nelson (4/5)
 Sam Snead (1/7)

1941
 Craig Wood (1/2)
 Craig Wood (2/2)
 Vic Ghezzi

1940
 Jimmy Demaret (1/3)
 Lawson Little
 Byron Nelson (3/5)

1939
 Ralph Guldahl (3/3)
 Byron Nelson (2/5)
 Dick Burton
 Henry Picard (2/2)

1938
 Henry Picard (1/2)
 Ralph Guldahl (2/3)
 Reg Whitcombe
 Paul Runyan (2/2)

1937
 Byron Nelson (1/5)
 Ralph Guldahl (1/3)
 Henry Cotton (2/3)
 Denny Shute (3/3)

1936
 Horton Smith (2/2)
 Tony Manero
 Alf Padgham
 Denny Shute (2/3)

1935
 Gene Sarazen (7/7)
 Sam Parks, Jr.
 Alf Perry
 Johnny Revolta

1934
 Horton Smith (1/2)
 Olin Dutra (2/2)
 Henry Cotton (1/3)
 Paul Runyan (1/2)

1933
Not yet founded
 Johnny Goodman
 Denny Shute (1/3)
 Gene Sarazen (6/7)

1932
 Gene Sarazen (5/7)
 Gene Sarazen (4/7)
 Olin Dutra (1/2)

1931
 Billy Burke
 Tommy Armour (3/3)
 Tom Creavy

1930
 Bobby Jones (7/7)
 Bobby Jones (6/7)
 Tommy Armour (2/3)

1929
 Bobby Jones (5/7)
 Walter Hagen (11/11)
 Leo Diegel (2/2)

1928
 Johnny Farrell
 Walter Hagen (10/11)
 Leo Diegel (1/2)

1927
 Tommy Armour (1/3)
 Bobby Jones (4/7)
 Walter Hagen (9/11)

1926
 Bobby Jones (3/7)
 Bobby Jones (2/7)
 Walter Hagen (8/11)

1925
 Willie MacFarlane
 Jim Barnes (4/4)
 Walter Hagen (7/11)

1924
 Cyril Walker
 Walter Hagen (5/11)
 Walter Hagen (6/11)

1923
 Bobby Jones (1/7)
 Arthur Havers
 Gene Sarazen (3/7)

1922
 Gene Sarazen (1/7)
 Walter Hagen (4/11)
 Gene Sarazen (2/7)

1921
 Jim Barnes (3/4)
 Jock Hutchison (2/2)
 Walter Hagen (3/11)

1920
 Ted Ray (2/2)
 George Duncan
  Jock Hutchison (1/2)

1919
 Walter Hagen (2/11)
Not held due to World War I
 Jim Barnes (2/4)

1918
Not held due to World War I
Not held due to World War I

1917

1916
 Chick Evans
 Jim Barnes (1/4)

1915
 Jerome Travers
Not yet founded

1914
 Walter Hagen (1/11)
 Harry Vardon (7/7)

1913
 Francis Ouimet
 John Henry Taylor (5/5)

1912
 John McDermott (2/2)
 Ted Ray (1/2)

1911
 John McDermott (1/2)
 Harry Vardon (6/7)

1910
 Alex Smith (2/2)
 James Braid (5/5)

1909
 George Sargent
 John Henry Taylor (4/5)

1908
 Fred McLeod
 James Braid (4/5)

1907
 Alec Ross
 Arnaud Massy

1906
 Alex Smith (1/2)
 James Braid (3/5)

1905
 Willie Anderson (4/4)
 James Braid (2/5)

1904
 Willie Anderson (3/4)
 Jack White

1903
 Willie Anderson (2/4)
 Harry Vardon (5/7)

1902
 Laurie Auchterlonie
 Sandy Herd

1901
 Willie Anderson (1/4)
 James Braid (1/5)

1900
 Harry Vardon (4/7)
 John Henry Taylor (3/5)

1899
 Willie Smith
 Harry Vardon (3/7)

1898
 Fred Herd
 Harry Vardon (2/7)

1897
 Joe Lloyd
 Harold Hilton (2/2)

1896
 James Foulis
 Harry Vardon (1/7)

1895
 Horace Rawlins
 John Henry Taylor (2/5)

1894
Not yet founded
 John Henry Taylor (1/5)

1893
 Willie Auchterlonie

1892
 Harold Hilton (1/2)

1891
 Hugh Kirkaldy

1890
 John Ball, Jnr

1889
 Willie Park, Jr. (2/2)

1888
 Jack Burns

1887
 Willie Park, Jr. (1/2)

1886
 David Brown

1885
 Bob Martin (2/2)

1884
 Jack Simpson

1883
 Willie Fernie

1882
 Bob Ferguson (3/3)

1881
 Bob Ferguson (2/3)

1880
 Bob Ferguson (1/3)

1879
 Jamie Anderson (3/3)

1878
 Jamie Anderson (2/3)

1877
 Jamie Anderson (1/3)

1876
 Bob Martin (1/2)

1875
 Willie Park, Sr. (4/4)

1874
 Mungo Park

1873
 Tom Kidd

1872
 Young Tom Morris (4/4)

1871
Not played

1870
 Young Tom Morris (3/4)

1869
 Young Tom Morris (2/4)

1868
 Young Tom Morris (1/4)

1867
 Old Tom Morris (4/4)

1866
 Willie Park, Sr. (3/4)

1865
 Andrew Strath

1864
 Old Tom Morris (3/4)

1863
 Willie Park, Sr. (2/4)

1862
 Old Tom Morris (2/4)

1861
 Old Tom Morris (1/4)

1860
 Willie Park, Sr. (1/4)

text: Major champions by nationality[edit]

text: The table below shows the number of major championships won by golfers from various countries. Tallies are also shown for major wins by golfers from Europe and from the "Rest of the World" (RoW), i.e. the world excluding Europe and the United States. The United States plays Europe in the Ryder Cup and an International Team representing the Rest of the World in the Presidents Cup. The table is complete through to the 2016 season. Since the establishment of The Masters in 1934, an American has won at least one major every year, with the exception of 1994.

text:
Decade
Total
ARG
AUS
CAN
ENG
FIJ
FRA
GER
JER
KOR
NZL
NIR
IRE
SCO
RSA
ESP
SWE
USA
WAL
ZIM
Eur
RoW

Total
443
3
17
1
35
3
1
4
9
1
2
7
3
55
22
8
1
267
1
3
124
52

2010s
32
–
2
–
2
–
–
2
–
–
–
6
–
–
3
1
1
15
–
–
12
5

2000s
40
2
1
1
–
2
–
–
–
1
1
–
3
–
4
–
–
25
–
–
3
12

1990s
40
–
4
–
4
1
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
1
2
2
–
21
1
3
9
10

1980s
40
–
2
–
2
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
4
–
29
–
–
9
2

1970s
40
–
1
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
1
–
33
–
–
2
5

1960s
40
1
2
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
4
–
–
31
–
–
1
8

1950s
40
–
4
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
–
–
31
–
–
1
8

1940s
26
–
1
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
22
–
–
2
2

1930s
36
–
–
–
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30
–
–
6
–

1920s
30
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
23
–
–
7
–

1910s
15
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
7
–
–
8
–

1900s
20
–
–
–
3
–
1
–
2
–
–
–
–
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
–

1890s
15
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
–

1880s
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
–

1870s
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–

1860s
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
–

text: Scoring records[edit]

text: Scoring records - aggregate[edit]

text: The aggregate scoring records for each major are tabulated below. Green indicates an outright record and yellow indicates a shared record.

text:
Date
Tournament
Player
Country
Rounds
Score
To par

Apr 13, 1997
Masters Tournament
Woods, TigerTiger Woods
 United States
70-66-65-69
270
−18

Apr 12, 2015
Masters Tournament
Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth
 United States
64-66-70-70
270
−18

Aug 19, 2001
PGA Championship
Toms, DavidDavid Toms
 United States
66-65-65-69
265
−15

Jun 19, 2011
U.S. Open
McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy
 Northern Ireland
65-66-68-69
268
−16

Jul 17, 2016
The Open Championship
Stenson, HenrikHenrik Stenson
 Sweden
68-65-68-63
264
−20

text: Scoring records - to par[edit]

text: The scoring records to par for each major are tabulated below. Green indicates an outright record and yellow indicates a shared record.

text:
Date
Tournament
Player
Country
Rounds
Score
To par
Finish

Apr 13, 1997
Masters Tournament
Woods, TigerTiger Woods
 United States
70-66-65-69
270
−18
Won

Jun 19, 2011
U.S. Open
McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy
 Northern Ireland
65-66-68-69
268
−16
Won

Apr 12, 2015
Masters Tournament
Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth
 United States
64-66-70-70
270
−18
Won

Aug 16, 2015
PGA Championship
Day, JasonJason Day
 Australia
68-67-66-67
268
−20
Won

Jul 17, 2016
The Open Championship
Stenson, HenrikHenrik Stenson
 Sweden
68-65-68-63
264
−20
Won

Jun 18, 2017
U.S. Open
Koepka, BrooksBrooks Koepka
 United States
67-70-68-67
272
−16
Won

text: Single round records[edit]

text: The record for a single round in a major championship is 62 which was recorded by South African golfer Branden Grace in the third round of the 2017 Open Championship.

text:
#
Player
Country
Major
Date
Course
Rnd
To par
Finish

1
Grace, BrandenBranden Grace
 South Africa
The Open Championship
Jul 22, 2017
Royal Birkdale Golf Club
3
−8
7000600000000000000♠T6

text: Many players have recorded a score of 63.[28] This has occurred 32 times by 30 golfers between 1973 and 2017. Greg Norman and Vijay Singh are the only golfers to record two rounds of 63 in the majors. Johnny Miller was the first golfer to shoot 63 in a major and was the only golfer to shoot 63 in the final round to win a major until Henrik Stenson did so as well during the 2016 Open Championship at Royal Troon Golf Club.

text:
#
Player
Country
Major
Date
Course
Rnd
To par
Finish

1
Miller, JohnnyJohnny Miller
 United States
U.S. Open
Jun 17, 1973
Oakmont Country Club
4
−8
7000100000000000000♠1

2
Crampton, BruceBruce Crampton
 Australia
PGA Championship
Aug 8, 1975
Firestone Country Club
2
−7
7000200000000000000♠2

3
Hayes, MarkMark Hayes
 United States
The Open Championship
Jul 7, 1977
Turnberry
2
−7
7000900000000000000♠T9

4
Weiskopf, TomTom Weiskopf
 United States
U.S. Open
Jun 12, 1980
Baltusrol Golf Club
1
−7
7001370000000000000♠37

5
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus
 United States
U.S. Open
Jun 12, 1980
Baltusrol Golf Club (2)
1
−7
7000100000000000000♠1

6
Aoki, IsaoIsao Aoki
 Japan
The Open Championship
Jul 19, 1980
Muirfield
3
−8
7001120000000000000♠T12

7
Floyd, RaymondRaymond Floyd
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 5, 1982
Southern Hills Country Club
1
−7
7000100000000000000♠1

8
Player, GaryGary Player
 South Africa
PGA Championship
Aug 17, 1984
Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club
2
−9
7000200000000000000♠T2

9
Price, NickNick Price
 Zimbabwe
Masters Tournament
Apr 12, 1986
Augusta National Golf Club
3
−9
7000500000000000000♠5

10
Norman, GregGreg Norman
 Australia
The Open Championship
Jul 18, 1986
Turnberry (2)
2
−7
7000100000000000000♠1

11
Broadhurst, PaulPaul Broadhurst
 England
The Open Championship
Jul 21, 1990
Old Course at St Andrews
3
−9
7001120000000000000♠T12

12
Mudd, JodieJodie Mudd
 United States
The Open Championship
Jul 21, 1991
Royal Birkdale Golf Club
4
−7
7000500000000000000♠T5

13
Faldo, NickNick Faldo
 England
The Open Championship
Jul 16, 1993
Royal St George's Golf Club
2
−7
7000200000000000000♠2

14
Stewart, PaynePayne Stewart
 United States
The Open Championship
Jul 18, 1993
Royal St George's Golf Club (2)
4
−7
7001120000000000000♠12

15
Singh, VijayVijay Singh
 Fiji
PGA Championship
Aug 13, 1993
Inverness Club
2
−8
7000400000000000000♠4

16
Bradley, MichaelMichael Bradley
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 10, 1995
Riviera Country Club
1
−8
7001540000000000000♠T54

17
Faxon, BradBrad Faxon
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 13, 1995
Riviera Country Club (2)
4
−8
7000500000000000000♠5

18
Norman, GregGreg Norman (2)
 Australia
Masters Tournament
Apr 11, 1996
Augusta National Golf Club (2)
1
−9
7000200000000000000♠2

19
Olazábal, José MaríaJosé María Olazábal
 Spain
PGA Championship
Aug 19, 2000
Valhalla Golf Club
3
−9
7000400000000000000♠T4

20
O'Meara, MarkMark O'Meara
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 17, 2001
Atlanta Athletic Club
2
−7
7001220000000000000♠T22

21
Singh, VijayVijay Singh (2)
 Fiji
U.S. Open
Jun 13, 2003
Olympia Fields Country Club
2
−7
7001200000000000000♠T20

22
Bjørn, ThomasThomas Bjørn
 Denmark
PGA Championship
Aug 13, 2005
Baltusrol Golf Club (3)
3
−7
7000200000000000000♠T2

23
Woods, TigerTiger Woods
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 10, 2007
Southern Hills Country Club (2)
2
−7
7000100000000000000♠1

24
McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy
 Northern Ireland
The Open Championship
Jul 15, 2010
Old Course at St Andrews (2)
1
−9
7000300000000000000♠T3

25
Stricker, SteveSteve Stricker
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 11, 2011
Atlanta Athletic Club (2)
1
−7
7001120000000000000♠T12

26
Dufner, JasonJason Dufner
 United States
PGA Championship
Aug 9, 2013
Oak Hill Country Club
2
−7
7000100000000000000♠1

27
Iwata, HiroshiHiroshi Iwata
 Japan
PGA Championship
Aug 14, 2015
Whistling Straits
2
−9
7001210000000000000♠T21

28
Mickelson, PhilPhil Mickelson
 United States
The Open Championship
Jul 14, 2016
Royal Troon Golf Club
1
−8
7000200000000000000♠2

29
Stenson, HenrikHenrik Stenson
 Sweden
The Open Championship
Jul 17, 2016
Royal Troon Golf Club (2)
4
−8
7000100000000000000♠1

30
Streb, RobertRobert Streb
 United States
PGA Championship
Jul 29, 2016
Baltusrol Golf Club (4)
2
−7
7000700000000000000♠T7

31
Thomas, JustinJustin Thomas
 United States
U.S. Open
Jun 17, 2017
Erin Hills
3
−9
7000900000000000000♠T9

32
Haotong, LiLi Haotong
 China
The Open Championship
Jul 23, 2017
Royal Birkdale Golf Club (2)
4
−7
7000300000000000000♠3

text: 'Player of the Year' in major championships[edit]

text: There is no official award presented to the player with the best overall record in the four majors, although the PGA's Player of the Year system favors performances in the major championships. Since 1984, world ranking points have been assigned to finishes in the majors, which has allowed a calculation of which player has earned the most ranking points in majors in a season – in almost every year since, one of the year's major winners has either won two of them, or has been the only player to win one and record a high finish in another (like Justin Leonard in 1997, David Duval in 2001, Lucas Glover in 2009 or Dustin Johnson in 2016), enough to finish top of such a merit table in those years. The single exception was Nick Faldo in 1988, whose finishes of 2nd, 3rd and 4th earned him more world ranking points than any of that year's champions achieved during the season.

text: Tables are occasionally constructed for interest showing the overall scoring records for those players who have completed all 288 holes in the majors during a season. In the 1970s, Jack Nicklaus led such a table in 1970–73, 1975 and 1979, with Gary Player leading in 1974, Raymond Floyd in 1976, and Tom Watson in 1977 and 1978. In the 1980s a notable leader was in 1987, when Ben Crenshaw was top of this compilation after finishing 4th, 4th, 4th and 7th in the four majors. In total Crenshaw took 1,140 strokes, only 12 more than the sum total of the four respective champions' scores of 1,128. Recent 'winners' of this accolade are Pádraig Harrington in 2008, Ross Fisher in 2009, Phil Mickelson in 2010, Charl Schwartzel in 2011, and Adam Scott in 2012. In 2013, Scott and fellow Australian Jason Day tied for this accolade with a cumulative score of +2. Rickie Fowler led in 2014 with −32 after top-five finishes in all four tournaments, while in 2015 Jordan Spieth led the standings by achieving the lowest all-time cumulative score in a year of −54, one shot better than the cumulative score of Tiger Woods in 2000. In 2016, Jason Day again led with −9, achieved despite not winning any of the major tournaments during the year. In 2017, Brooks Koepka topped the list with a cumulative scored of −21, one shot better than Matt Kuchar and Hideki Matsuyama.

text: Consecutive victories at a major championship[edit]

text:
Nationality
Player
Major
#
Years

 Scotland
Tom Morris, Jr.
The Open Championship
4
1868, 1869, 1870, 1872[a]

 United States
Walter Hagen
PGA Championship
4
1924, 1925, 1926, 1927

 Scotland
Jamie Anderson
The Open Championship
3
1877, 1878, 1879

 Scotland
Bob Ferguson
The Open Championship
3
1880, 1881, 1882

 Scotland
Willie Anderson
U.S. Open
3
1903, 1904, 1905

 Australia
Peter Thomson
The Open Championship
3
1954, 1955, 1956

 Scotland
Tom Morris, Sr.
The Open Championship
2
1861, 1862

 Jersey
Harry Vardon
The Open Championship
2
1898, 1899

 Scotland
James Braid
The Open Championship
2
1905, 1906

 England
John Henry Taylor
The Open Championship
2
1894, 1895

 United States
John McDermott
U.S. Open
2
1911, 1912

 England
Jim Barnes
PGA Championship
2
1916, 1919[a]

 United States
Gene Sarazen
PGA Championship
2
1922, 1923

 United States
Bobby Jones
The Open Championship
2
1926, 1927

 United States
Walter Hagen
The Open Championship
2
1928, 1929

 United States
Leo Diegel
PGA Championship
2
1928, 1929

 United States
Bobby Jones
U.S. Open
2
1929, 1930

 United States
Denny Shute
PGA Championship
2
1936, 1937

 United States
Ralph Guldahl
U.S. Open
2
1937, 1938

 South Africa
Bobby Locke
The Open Championship
2
1949, 1950

 United States
Ben Hogan
U.S. Open
2
1950, 1951

 United States
Arnold Palmer
The Open Championship
2
1961, 1962

 United States
Jack Nicklaus
Masters Tournament
2
1965, 1966

 United States
Lee Trevino
The Open Championship
2
1971, 1972

 United States
Tom Watson
The Open Championship
2
1982, 1983

 United States
Curtis Strange
U.S. Open
2
1988, 1989

 England
Nick Faldo
Masters Tournament
2
1989, 1990

 United States
Tiger Woods
PGA Championship
2
1999, 2000

 United States
Tiger Woods
Masters Tournament
2
2001, 2002

 United States
Tiger Woods
The Open Championship
2
2005, 2006

 United States
Tiger Woods
PGA Championship (2)
2
2006, 2007

 Ireland
Pádraig Harrington
The Open Championship
2
2007, 2008

text: a These are consecutive because no tournaments were played in between at The Open Championship in 1871 or at the PGA Championship in 1917 and 1918.

text: Wire-to-wire major victories[edit]

text: Players who have led or been tied for the lead after each round of a major.

text:
Outright leader after every round

Nationality
Player
Year
Major

 Jersey
Ted Ray
1912
Open

 United States
Walter Hagen
1914
U.S.

 England
Jim Barnes
1921

 United States
Bobby Jones
1927
Open

Gene Sarazen
1932

 England
Henry Cotton
1934

 United States
Craig Wood
1941
Masters

Ben Hogan
1953
U.S.

Arnold Palmer
1960
Masters

Bobby Nichols
1964
PGA

 England
Tony Jacklin
1970
U.S.

 United States
Jack Nicklaus
1971
PGA

1972
Masters

Tom Weiskopf
1973
Open

Raymond Floyd
1976
Masters

1982
PGA

Hal Sutton
1983

Tiger Woods
2000
U.S.

2002

2005
Open

 Northern Ireland
Rory McIlroy
2011
U.S.

 Germany
Martin Kaymer
2014

 Northern Ireland
Rory McIlroy
Open

 United States
Jordan Spieth
2015
Masters

Tied for the lead at the end of least one round

Nationality
Player
Year
Major

 Scotland
Willie Anderson
1903
U.S.

Alex Smith
1906

 United States
Chick Evans
1916

Tommy Bolt
1958

Arnold Palmer
1964
Masters

Raymond Floyd
1969
PGA

Jack Nicklaus
1972
U.S.

Hubert Green
1977

 Spain
Seve Ballesteros
1980
Masters

 United States
Jack Nicklaus
U.S.

Payne Stewart
1991

 Zimbabwe
Nick Price
1994
PGA

 United States
Tiger Woods
2000

 South Africa
Retief Goosen
2001
U.S.

 United States
Phil Mickelson
2005
PGA

 South Africa
Trevor Immelman
2008
Masters

 United States
Jimmy Walker
2016
PGA

Jordan Spieth
2017
Open

text: Top ten finishes in all four modern majors in one season[edit]

text: It was rare, before the early 1960s, for the leading players from around the world to have the opportunity to compete in all four of the 'modern' majors in one season, because of the different qualifying criteria used in each at the time, the costs of traveling to compete (in an era when tournament prize money was very low, and only the champion himself would earn the chance of ongoing endorsements), and on occasion even the conflicting scheduling of the Open and PGA Championships. In 1937, the U.S. Ryder Cup side all competed in The Open Championship, but of those who finished in the top ten of that event, only Ed Dudley could claim a "top ten" finish in all four of the majors in 1937, if his defeat in the last-16 round of that year's PGA Championship (then at matchplay) was considered a "joint 9th" position.

text: Following 1960, when Arnold Palmer's narrowly failed bid to add the Open Championship to his Masters and U.S. Open titles (and thus emulate Hogan's 1953 "triple crown") helped to establish the concept of the modern professional "Grand Slam", it has become commonplace for the leading players to be invited to, and indeed compete in, all four majors each year. Even so, those who have recorded top-ten finishes in all four, in a single year, remains a small and select group.

text:
Three majors won in calendar year that the top ten was completed  #

Two majors won in calendar year that the top ten was completed  ‡

One major won in calendar year that the top ten was completed  †

No majors won in calendar year that the top ten was completed  ^

Never won a regular tour major championship in his career  *

text:
Nationality
Player
Year
Wins
Major championship results
Lowest
placing

Masters
U.S. Open
Open Ch.
PGA Ch.

 United States
Ed Dudley  *
1937
0
3rd
5th
6th
R16
R16

 United States
Arnold Palmer  ‡
1960
2
1
1
2nd
T7
T7

 South Africa
Gary Player  ^
1963
0
T5
T8
T7
T8
T8

 United States
Arnold Palmer (2)  ^
1966
0
T4
2nd
T8
T6
T8

 United States
Doug Sanders  *
1966
0
T4
T8
T2
T6
T8

 United States
Miller Barber  *
1969
0
7th
T6
10th
T5
10th

 United States
Jack Nicklaus  †
1971
1
T2
2nd
T5
1
T5

 United States
Jack Nicklaus (2)  †
1973
1
T3
T4
4th
1
T4

 United States
Jack Nicklaus (3)  ^
1974
0
T4
T10
3rd
2nd
T10

 South Africa
Gary Player (2)  ‡
1974
2
1
T8
1
7th
T8

 United States
Hale Irwin  ^
1975
0
T4
T3
T9
T5
T9

 United States
Jack Nicklaus (4)  ‡
1975
2
1
T7
T3
1
T7

 United States
Tom Watson  †
1975
1
T8
T9
1
9th
T9

 United States
Jack Nicklaus (5)  ^
1977
0
2nd
T10
2nd
3rd
T10

 United States
Tom Watson (2)  ‡
1977
2
1
T7
1
T6
T7

 United States
Tom Watson (3)  ‡
1982
2
T5
1
1
T9
T9

 United States
Ben Crenshaw  ^
1987
0
T4
T4
T4
T7
T7

 United States
Tiger Woods  #
2000
3
5th
1
1
1
5th

 Spain
Sergio García  ^
2002
0
8th
4th
T8
10th
10th

 South Africa
Ernie Els  ^
2004
0
2nd
T9
2nd
T4
T9

 United States
Phil Mickelson  †
2004
1
1
2nd
3rd
T6
T6

 Fiji
Vijay Singh  ^
2005
0
T5
T6
T5
T10
T10

 United States
Tiger Woods (2)  ‡
2005
2
1
2nd
1
T4
T4

 United States
Rickie Fowler  *
2014
0
T5
T2
T2
T3
T5

 United States
Jordan Spieth  ‡
2015
2
1
1
T4
2nd
T4

text: On 13 of the 25 occasions the feat has been achieved, the player in question did not win a major that year – indeed, three of the players (Dudley, Sanders and Barber) failed to win a major championship in their careers (although Barber would go on to win five senior majors), and Fowler has also yet to win one (as of the end of the end of the 2018 Masters).

text: Multiple major victories in a calendar year[edit]

text: Four[edit]

text: 1930:  Bobby Jones; The Open Championship, U.S. Open, U.S. Amateur Championship, The Amateur Championship

text: Three[edit]

text:
1953:  Ben Hogan; Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, and The Open Championship
2000:  Tiger Woods; U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and The PGA Championship

text: Two[edit]

text: Masters and U.S. Open[edit]

text:
1941:  Craig Wood
1951:  Ben Hogan
1960:  Arnold Palmer
1972:  Jack Nicklaus
2002:  Tiger Woods
2015:  Jordan Spieth

text: Masters and Open Championship[edit]

text:
1962:  Arnold Palmer
1966:  Jack Nicklaus
1974:  Gary Player
1977:  Tom Watson
1990:  Nick Faldo
1998:  Mark O'Meara
2005:  Tiger Woods

text: Masters and PGA Championship[edit]

text:
1949:  Sam Snead
1956:  Jack Burke, Jr
1963:  Jack Nicklaus
1975:  Jack Nicklaus

text: U.S. Open and Open Championship[edit]

text:
1926:  Bobby Jones
1932:  Gene Sarazen
1971:  Lee Trevino
1982:  Tom Watson

text: U.S. Open and PGA Championship[edit]

text:
1922:  Gene Sarazen
1948:  Ben Hogan
1980:  Jack Nicklaus

text: Open Championship and PGA Championship[edit]

text:
1924:  Walter Hagen
1994:  Nick Price
2006:  Tiger Woods
2008:  Pádraig Harrington
2014:  Rory McIlroy

text: Consecutive major victories (including over multiple years)[edit]

text: Four[edit]

text:
1868–72:  Young Tom Morris 1868 Open, 1869 Open, 1870 Open, 1872 Open (No Open Championship played in 1871)
1930:  Bobby Jones 1930 Amateur, 1930 Open, 1930 U.S. Open, 1930 U.S. Amateur
2000–01:  Tiger Woods 2000 U.S. Open, 2000 Open, 2000 PGA, 2001 Masters

text: Three[edit]

text:
1877–79:  Jamie Anderson 1877 Open, 1878 Open, 1879 Open
1880–82:  Bob Ferguson 1880 Open, 1881 Open, 1882 Open

text: Two[edit]

text: Note: The order in which the majors were contested was inconsistent between 1895 and 1953. Since 1954, the majors have been played in their modern order (Masters, U.S. Open, Open Championship, PGA), except 1971, when the PGA was played prior to the Masters.

text:
1861–62:  Old Tom Morris 1861 Open, 1862 Open
1894–95:  J.H. Taylor 1894 Open, 1895 Open
1920–21:  Jock Hutchison 1920 PGA, 1921 Open (The Open Championship was the first major contested in 1921)
1921–22:  Walter Hagen 1921 PGA, 1922 Open (The Open Championship was the first major contested in 1922)
1922:  Gene Sarazen 1922 U.S. Open, 1922 PGA
1924:  Walter Hagen 1924 Open, 1924 PGA
1926:  Bobby Jones 1926 Open, 1926 U.S. Open (The Open Championship was played before the U.S. Open in 1926)
1927–28:  Walter Hagen 1927 PGA, 1928 Open (The Open Championship was the first major contested in 1928)
1930–31:  Tommy Armour 1930 PGA, 1931 Open (The Open Championship was the first major contested in 1931)
1932:  Gene Sarazen 1932 Open, 1932 U.S. Open (The Open Championship was the first major contested in 1932, followed by the U.S. Open)
1941:  Craig Wood 1941 Masters, 1941 U.S. Open
1948:  Ben Hogan 1948 PGA, 1948 U.S. Open (The PGA was played between the Masters and U.S. Open in 1948)
1949:  Sam Snead 1949 Masters, 1949 PGA (As in 1948, the 1949 PGA was played between the Masters and U.S. Open)
1951:  Ben Hogan 1951 Masters, 1951 U.S. Open
1953:  Ben Hogan; 1953 Masters, 1953 U.S. Open (The 1953 Open Championship, also won by Hogan, was actually concluded only 3 days after 1953 PGA)
1960:  Arnold Palmer 1960 Masters, 1960 U.S. Open
1971:  Lee Trevino 1971 U.S. Open, 1971 Open
1972:  Jack Nicklaus 1972 Masters, 1972 U.S. Open (The 1971 PGA, also won by Nicklaus, was not consecutive due to being played prior to the Masters in 1971)
1982:  Tom Watson 1982 U.S. Open, 1982 Open
1994:  Nick Price 1994 Open, 1994 PGA
2002:  Tiger Woods 2002 Masters, 2002 U.S. Open
2005–06:  Phil Mickelson 2005 PGA, 2006 Masters
2006:  Tiger Woods 2006 Open, 2006 PGA
2008:  Pádraig Harrington 2008 Open, 2008 PGA
2014:  Rory McIlroy 2014 Open, 2014 PGA
2015:  Jordan Spieth 2015 Masters, 2015 U.S. Open

text: Most runner-up finishes in major championships[edit]

text: For the purposes of this section a runner-up is defined as someone who either (i) tied for the lead after 72 holes (or 36 holes in the case of the early championships) but lost the playoff or (ii) finished alone or in a tie for second place. In a few instances players have been involved in a playoff for the win or for second place prize money and have ended up taking the third prize (e.g. 1870 Open Championship, 1966 Masters Tournament). These players are still regarded as being runners-up. For match play PGA Championships up to 1957 the runner-up is the losing finalist.

text: Along with his record 18 major victories, Jack Nicklaus also holds the record for most runner-up finishes in major championships, with 19, including a record 7 at the Open Championship. Phil Mickelson has the second most with 11 runner-up finishes after the 2016 Open Championship, which includes a record 6 runner-up finishes at the U.S. Open, the one major he has never won. Arnold Palmer had 10 second places, including three in the major he never won, the PGA Championship. There have been three golfers with 8 runner-up finishes – Sam Snead, Greg Norman and Tom Watson. Norman shares the distinction of having lost playoffs in each of the four majors with Craig Wood (who lost the 1934 PGA final – at match play – on the second extra hole).

text:
Jack Nicklaus: 19 (1960–1983)
 Phil Mickelson: 11 (1999–2016)
 Arnold Palmer: 10 (1960–1970)
 Sam Snead: 8 (1937–1957)
 Greg Norman: 8 (1984–1996)
 Tom Watson: 8 (1978–2009)

text: Players with most runner-up finishes but no major victories[edit]

text:
Colin Montgomerie 5: U.S. Open 1994, 1997, 2006; Open 2005; PGA 1995
/ Harry Cooper 4: U.S. Open 1927, 1936; Masters 1936, 1938
 Doug Sanders 4: U.S. Open 1961; Open 1966, 1970; PGA 1959
 Bruce Crampton 4: Masters 1972; U.S. Open 1972; PGA 1973, 1975[a]

text: a Crampton was second to Jack Nicklaus on each occasion.


document_title: Spectre (2015 film)

question_text: who does bond kill at the beginning of spectre

root

text: Spectre (2015 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: A posthumous message from the previous M leads Bond to carry out an unauthorised mission in Mexico City on Day of the Dead, where he stops a terrorist bombing plot. Confronting the criminals' leader, Marco Sciarra, Bond grabs his ring, emblazoned with a stylised octopus, and kills him by kicking him out of his helicopter. Returning to London, Bond is suspended from field duty by the new M, who is in the midst of a power struggle with Max Denbigh (whom Bond dubs "C"), the head of a privately backed agency, the Joint Intelligence Service. C campaigns for Britain to form "Nine Eyes", a global surveillance and intelligence initiative, and uses his influence to close down the '00' field agent section, which he believes is outdated.

tag: p

text: Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. He seduces Sciarra's widow, Lucia, who tells him Marco belonged to an organisation of businessmen with criminal and terrorist connections. Bond uses Sciarra's ring to infiltrate a meeting to select Sciarra's replacement, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. After hearing Oberhauser give the order for the "Pale King" to be assassinated, Bond is pursued across the city by the organisation's assassin, Mr. Hinx. Moneypenny informs Bond that the Pale King is Mr. White, a former member of the organisation's subsidiary Quantum who had fallen afoul of Oberhauser. Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier.

text: Bond locates White in Altaussee, Austria, where he learns that White is dying of thallium poisoning. He tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Américain; this will take him to the next step. White commits suicide. Bond approaches Swann, and after rescuing her from Hinx, the two meet Q. Through Sciarra's ring, Q forensically links Oberhauser to Bond's previous missions, identifying Le Chiffre, Dominic Greene and Raoul Silva as agents of the same organization, which Swann identifies as Spectre.

text: Swann takes Bond to L'Américain, a hotel in Tangier, and they discover that White left evidence directing them to Oberhauser's base at a crater in the Sahara. Taking a train to a remote station, Bond and Swann encounter Hinx, who gets ejected from the train in the ensuing struggle, and are escorted to Oberhauser's base. Oberhauser reveals that Spectre has been funding the Joint Intelligence Service while staging terrorist attacks around the world, creating a need for the Nine Eyes programme. In return, C will give Spectre unlimited access to intelligence gathered by Nine Eyes, allowing them to anticipate and counter-act investigations into their operations. Bond is tortured as Oberhauser discusses their shared history: after the younger Bond was orphaned, Oberhauser's father Hannes became his temporary guardian. Believing that Bond supplanted his role as son, Oberhauser killed his father and staged his own death, adopting the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld. He went on to form Spectre and target Bond. Bond and Swann overpower him and escape, destroying the base in an explosion and leaving Blofeld to die.

text: As the Moroccan facility was one node in a wider network, Bond and Swann return to London where they meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny with the intention of arresting C and stopping Nine Eyes from being activated. Swann and Bond are abducted separately, while the rest of the group proceed with the plan. After Q succeeds in preventing the Nine Eyes from going online, a struggle between M and C ends with C falling to his death. Bond is taken to the ruins of the old MI6 building, scheduled for demolition after Raoul Silva's bombing. He encounters a disfigured Blofeld, who tells him that Bond must escape before explosives are detonated or die trying to save Swann. Bond finds Swann and they escape by boat as the building collapses. Bond shoots down Blofeld's helicopter, which crashes onto Westminster Bridge. As Blofeld crawls from the wreckage, Bond confronts him but leaves him to be arrested by M, before leaving the bridge with Swann.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Daniel Craig as James Bond, agent 007. The director Sam Mendes has described Bond as being extremely focused in Spectre, likening his new-found dedication to hunting.[12]
Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the mysterious mastermind behind Spectre, as well as the puppeteer responsible for events in Bond's recent life.
Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, a psychiatrist working at a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps,[13] and the daughter of Mr. White.[14]
Ben Whishaw as Q, the MI6 quartermaster who outfits Bond with equipment for use in the field.
Naomie Harris as Eve Moneypenny, a former agent who left the field to become M's assistant.
Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Spectre's huge, muscle-bound assassin.
Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh, nicknamed "C", Head of the new Joint Intelligence Service, and an agent for Spectre, heavily involved with their plan to merge all the world's secret agencies into the Nine Eyes Committee, thus allowing Spectre the power to take over the world.
Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra, the wife of assassin Marco Sciarra.
Ralph Fiennes as M (head of MI6), code name for Gareth Mallory.
Rory Kinnear as Bill Tanner, the MI6 Chief of Staff[15]
Jesper Christensen as Mr. White, a fugitive from MI6 and a senior figure in Spectre's Quantum subsidiary, as portrayed in Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace.[16][17]
Alessandro Cremona as Marco Sciarra[18], a Spectre agent who Bond kills in the pre-title sequences of the movie.
Judi Dench as Mallory's predecessor M.[19]

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24;[20][21] he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing.[22] Nicolas Winding Refn would later reveal that he turned down an offer to direct the movie.[23] In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director to oversee two successive Bond films since John Glen directed five consecutive films, ending with The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill in 1987 and 1989.[24] Dennis Gassner returned as the film's production designer,[25] while cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema took over from Roger Deakins.[25][26] In July 2015 Mendes noted that the combined crew of Spectre numbered over one thousand, making it a larger production than Skyfall.[27] Craig is listed as co-producer. He considered the credit a high point of his career, saying "I'm just so proud of the fact that my name comes up somewhere else on the titles."[28]

text: The film's usage of the Spectre organisation[N 3] and its characters marked the end of long-standing litigation between Eon Productions and producer Kevin McClory, who sued James Bond creator Ian Fleming in 1961 claiming ownership over elements of the novel Thunderball,[29] and in an out of court settlement two years later, was awarded the novel's film rights, including Spectre and its characters.[N 4] McClory died in 2006, and in November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC—sister company of Eon Productions—with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it.[31] With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre".[32][33][34]

text: When Sony Pictures Entertainment renegotiated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer the deal to co-finance the Bond franchise in 2011, they were tasked to provide 25 percent of the negative cost of both Skyfall and Spectre, in exchange to receiving 25 percent of the profits plus distribution fees for overseeing its worldwide rollout. When the film was announced in June 2013, the budget was not yet fixed, but was certain to be higher than the $210 million of Skyfall due to foreign locations and bigger payments for Mendes and Craig.[35] In November 2014, Sony was targeted by hackers who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects. Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detailing early drafts of the script written by John Logan, and expressing Sony's frustration with the project.[36] Eon Productions later issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called "an early version of the screenplay".[37] Eon resisted Sony and MGM's arguments to cut on stunts and location work to reduce the budget, but managed to secure tax incentives and rebates, such as $14 million from Mexico. Spectre has a final budget estimated between $250 million and $275 million.[35]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Spectre marked the return of many scriptwriters from the previous Bond films, such as Skyfall writer John Logan;[24] Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, who had done work in five previous Bond films;[N 5] and British playwright Jez Butterworth, who had previously made uncredited contributions to Skyfall. Butterworth was brought in to polish the script, being helped by Mendes and Craig. Butterworth considered that his changes involved adding what he would like to see as a teenager, and limited the scenes with Bond talking to men, as "Bond shoots other men—he doesn’t sit around chatting to them. So you put a line through that.”[39] With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters, Purvis and Wade revealed that the film would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films, with the Quantum organisation alluded to in Casino Royale and introduced in Quantum of Solace reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation.[40]

text: Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz, and his father Hannes. Hannes Oberhauser is a background character in the short story "Octopussy" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, and is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983.[41] As Sam Mendes searched for events in young Bond's life to follow the childhood discussed in Skyfall, he came across Hannes Oberhauser, who becomes a father figure to Bond. From there Mendes conceived the idea of "a natural child who had been pushed out, cuckoo in the nest" by Bond, which became Franz.[42] Similarly, Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian, observing the back story established by Fleming.[41]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.[43]

text: Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part.[44] It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Waltz got interested in the film for dealing with technology-assisted mass surveillance, "speaking about relevant social issues in a way that few Bonds have done before”, and denied rumours that the role was written specially for him, but added that "when I came on board, the role grew, evolved, and mutated."[45]

text: Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports.[46] The character only has one line in the entire film, "Shit". Sam Mendes thought the silent nature would drive Bautista away, but the lifelong Bond fan expressed interest in reviving the quiet henchmen archetype of characters such as Jaws. Bautista's performance was inspired mostly by Oddjob from Goldfinger,[47] and said not talking created an acting challenge, “trying to find this way where I am actually going to have speak without speaking."[48] After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as Sévérine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting Léa Seydoux in the role.[49] Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace.[16][17] Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre.[50]

text: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria.[18][51][52] In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.[53][54][13][55]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Mendes revealed that production would begin on 8 December 2014 at Pinewood Studios, with filming taking seven months.[56] Mendes also confirmed several filming locations, including London, Mexico City and Rome. Van Hoytema shot the film on Kodak 35 mm film stock, in contrast to Skyfall being filmed on digital cameras.[57] Early filming took place at Pinewood Studios, and around London, with scenes variously featuring Craig and Harris at Bond's flat, and Craig and Kinnear travelling down the River Thames.[58]

text: Filming started in Austria in December 2014, with production taking in the area around Sölden—including the Ötztal Glacier Road, Rettenbach glacier and the adjacent ski resort and cable car station—and Obertilliach and Lake Altaussee, before concluding in February 2015.[59][60][61] Scenes filmed in Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant, standing in for the fictional Hoffler Klinik, a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps. Filming included an action scene featuring a Land Rover Defender Bigfoot and a Range Rover Sport.[62] Various airplane models were used in filming, from a life-sized plane with detachable wings to film the crash in the woods, to plane fuselages either built atop snowmobiles or shot from nitrogen cannons.[63] Production was temporarily halted first by an injury to Craig, who sprained his knee whilst shooting a fight scene,[64] and later by an accident involving a filming vehicle that saw three crew members injured, at least one of them seriously.[65][66]

text: Filming temporarily returned to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, which stood in for a location in Rome,[67] before moving on to the city itself for a five-week shoot across the city, with locations including the Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum.[68] The production faced opposition from a variety of special interest groups and city authorities, who were concerned about the potential for damage to historical sites around the city, and problems with graffiti and rubbish appearing in the film.[69][70] Special effects supervisor Chris Corbould stated the scenes had to be extensively planned prior to filming specially to avoid any mishaps, going to the point of building protection above steps where cars would drive.[63] A car chase scene set along the banks of the Tiber River and through the streets of Rome[71] featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75.[62] The C-X75 was originally developed as a hybrid electric vehicle with four independent electric engines powered by two jet turbines, before the project was cancelled.[72] The version used for filming was converted to use a conventional internal combustion engine, to minimise the potential for disruption from mechanical problems with the complex hybrid system. The C-X75s used for filming were developed by the engineering division of Formula One racing team Williams, who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar.[73] Remote driving pods were built above the cars so the vehicles could be driven while the cameras focused on Craig and Bautista in the steering wheel.[63] According to chief stunt co-ordinator Gary Powell, filming the chase had the "risk of skidding into the Vatican", and led to "a record for smashing up cars in Spectre – seven Aston Martins in all,” with the film's car expenses estimated at £24 million ($48 million).[74]

text: With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district.[75] At the time, no such Day of the Dead parade like the one from the film took place in Mexico City; in 2016, due to the interest raised by Spectre and the government's desire to promote the pre-Hispanic Mexican culture, the federal and local authorities decided to organize an actual "Día de los Muertos" parade through Paseo de la Reforma and Centro Historico on 29 October 2016, which was attended by 250,000 people.[76][77] The film opens with a long take that joins six shots seamlessly, and was one of the few scenes that required previsualization. Through extensive planning, filming did not require motion control cameras. The scene joints were done in post-production through re-timing and re-projections, which even matched Mexico locations with interiors filmed at Pinewood.[63]

text: The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter flown by stunt pilot Chuck Aaron,[78] which called for modifications to be made to several buildings to prevent damage.[79] This particular scene in Mexico required 1,500 extras, 10 giant skeletons and 250,000 paper flowers.[80] Reports in the Mexican media added that the film's second unit would move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas, to film aerial manoeuvres considered too dangerous to shoot in an urban area.[81] These were pasted over a computer-generated square and crowd below the helicopter, with motion capture doubles fighting inside. Mendes and the effects team felt that this approach "would get believable composition and movement" compared to adding a digital helicopter above the Mexico City location.[82] Following filming in Mexico, and during a scheduled break, Craig was flown to New York to undergo minor surgery to fix his knee injury. It was reported that filming was not affected and he had returned to filming at Pinewood Studios as planned on 22 April.[83] Still, some parts of the Mexico scene were done with stunt doubles, whose faces were digitally replaced with Craig.[63]

text: A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location.[84] On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross.[85] The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed.[86] Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden.[87] Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square.[88] In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river.[89] Blofeld's helicopter crash was done with two full sized helicopter shells, which were rigged with steelwork and an overhead track. Computer-generated rotor blades and scenery damage were added in post-production. The MI-6 building, which in the film is vacated and scheduled for demolition following the terrorist attack from Skyfall, was replaced in the production plates for a digital reconstruction. When the building is detonated, it is a combination of both a miniature and a breakaway version of the digital building.[63]

text: After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit.[90] The headquarters of Spectre in Morocco was located in Gara Medouar which is a 'crater' caused by erosion and of neither volcanic nor impact origin.[91] An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history, involving 8,140 litres of kerosene and 24 charges each with a kilogram of high explosives.[92] Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015. A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production.[93] Filming took 128 days.[94]

text: Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script to portray the country in a "positive light"—to secure tax concessions and financial support worth up to $20 million for the film.[95] This was denied by producer Michael G. Wilson,[95] who stated that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico as production had been attracted to the imagery of the Day of the Dead, and that the script had been developed from there.[96] Production of Skyfall had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul.[97][98]

text: Five companies did the visual effects – Industrial Light & Magic, Double Negative, Moving Picture Company, Cinesite and Peerless – under the supervision of Steve Begg. The computer-generated effects included set extensions, digital touches on the vehicles, and crumbling buildings.[63][82] A sixth one, Framestore, handled the title sequence, the seventh in the series designed by Daniel Kleinman. It took four months to complete, and centred on an octopus motif reminiscent of the Spectre logo, along with images of love and relationships.[99]

text: Music and soundtrack[edit]

text: Thomas Newman returned as Spectre's composer.[25] Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming.[55] The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme.[100][101] Mendes stated that the final film would have more than one hundred minutes of music.[27] The soundtrack album was released on 23 October 2015 in the UK and 6 November 2015 in the USA on the Decca Records label.[102][103]

text: The English band Radiohead were commissioned to write the title song, and submitted "Man of War", an unreleased song written in the 1990s.[104] The song was rejected as it had not been written for the film; among other reasons, this made it ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.[105] Radiohead recorded another song for the film, "Spectre", but this was also rejected as too melancholy.[106][105]

text: In September 2015 it was announced that Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the title theme, "Writing's on the Wall", with Smith performing it for the film.[107] Smith said the song came together in one session and that he and Napes wrote it in under half an hour before recording a demo. Satisfied with the quality, the filmmakers used the demo in the final release.[108] "Writing's on the Wall" was released as a download on 25 September 2015.[109] It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall",[110][111][112][113] leading to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released.[97][114] It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart,[115] the second to win the Academy Award for Best Original Song,[116] and the fifth to be nominated.[117][118][N 6] It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.[119]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise.[120] Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work.[121] After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.[122][123]

text: To promote the film, the film's marketers continued the trend established during Skyfall's production of releasing still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts.[124][125] 17 brands appear in the film through product placement, and many of those, such as Heineken, Bollinger, Omega and Sony – owner of the film's co-distributor Columbia Pictures – did Spectre tie-in advertisements.[126]

text: On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre.[127][128] The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015,[129] followed by the theatrical trailer in July[130] and the final trailer in October.[131]

text: Release[edit]

text: Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.[132] Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre.[133] In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company.[134] In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.[135]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Spectre was released for digital HD on 22 January 2016 and on DVD and Blu-ray on 9 and 22 February 2016 in the US and UK respectively.[136] It debuted atop the home video charts in both countries,[137][138] and finished 2016 with 1.5 million units in the UK, the second best-selling title of the year, behind only Star Wars: The Force Awakens,[139] and 2 million copies in the US, 12th in the year-end charts.[140]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Spectre grossed $880.7 million worldwide; $135.5 million of the takings were generated from the UK market and $200.1 million from North America.[10] Worldwide, this made it the second-highest-grossing James Bond film after Skyfall,[141] and the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2015.[142] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $98.4 million when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[143] Sony had expected the net profit of the film to be around $38 million had it performed to the same level of its predecessor. But since it earned 20 per cent less than Skyfall, the profit in actual was $24.6 million.[144] Sony paid 50 percent of the production costs for the film — which totalled some $250 million after accounting for government incentives — but received only 25 percent of certain profits, once costs were recouped. The studio also spent tens of millions of dollars in marketing and had to give MGM a piece of the profit from the studio's non-Bond films, including 22 Jump Street.[144]

text: In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings.[145] It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day[146] and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days.[147] In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.9 million ($36.9 million) in 2004.[148] Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200.[149] It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there.[150] In the UK, it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.[151]

text: Spectre opened in Germany with $22.5 million (including previews), which included a new record for the biggest Saturday of all time,[152] Australia with $8.7 million (including previews) and South Korea opened to $8.2 million (including previews).[153] Despite the 13 November Paris attacks, which led to numerous theatres being closed down, the film opened with $14.6 million (including $2 million in previews) in France.[154] In Mexico, where part of the film was shot, it debuted with more than double that of Skyfall with $4.5 million.[152] It also bested its predecessor's opening in various Nordic regions where MGM is distributing, such as in Finland ($2.7 million) and Norway ($2.9 million),[155] and in other markets like Denmark ($4.2 million), the Netherlands ($3.4 million), and Sweden ($3.1 million).[155] In India, it opened at No. 1 with $4.8 million which is 4% above the opening of Skyfall.[156] It topped the German-speaking Switzerland box office for four weeks and in the Netherlands, it has held the No. 1 spot for seven weeks straight where it has topped Minions to become the top movie of the year.[150][157] The top earning markets are Germany ($70.3 million) and France ($38.8 million).[158] In Paris, it has the second-highest ticket sales of all time with 4.1 million tickets sold only behind Spider-Man 3 which sold over 6.3 million tickets in 2007.[159]

text: In the United States and Canada the film opened on 6 November 2015, and in its opening weekend, was originally projected to gross $70–75 million from 3,927 screens, the widest release for a Bond film.[160] However, after it grossed $5.3 million from its early Thursday night showings and $28 million on its opening day, weekend projections were increased to $75–80 million. The film ended up grossing $70.4 million in its opening weekend (about $20 million less than Skyfall's $90.6 million debut, including IMAX previews), but nevertheless finished first at the box office.[161] IMAX generated $9.1 million for Spectre at 374 screens, premium large format made $8 million from 429 cinemas, reaping 11% of the film's opening, which means that Spectre earned $17.1 million (23%) of its opening weekend total in large-format venues. Cinemark XD generated $1.9 million in 112 XD locations.[161][162]

text: In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings.[163] Through its opening weekend, it earned $48.1 million from 14,700 screens which is 198% ahead of Skyfall,[153] a new record for a Hollywood 2D opening.[164] IMAX contributed $4.6 million on 246 screens, also a new record for a three-day opening for a November release (breaking Interstellar's record).[153] In its second weekend, it added $12.1 million falling precipitously by 75% which is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015.[165] It grossed a total of $84.7 million there after four weekends (foreign films in the Middle Kingdom plays for 30 days only, unless granted special extensions).[166] Albeit a strong opening, it failed to attain the $100 million mark there as projected due to mixed response from critics and audiences as well as facing competitions from local films.[150][167][168]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 63% based on 325 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Spectre nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula."[169] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[170] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[161]

text: Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews.[171] Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations.[172] Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it "inventive, intelligent and complex", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight.[173] In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as "a swaggering show of confidence'", lauding it as "a feat of pure cinematic necromancy."[174] Positive yet critical assessments included Kim Newman of Sight and Sound, who wrote that "for all its wayward plotting (including an unhelpful tie-in with Bond’s childhood that makes very little sense) and off-the-peg elements, Spectre works" as he felt "the audience’s patience gets tested by two and a half hours of set-pieces strung on one of the series’ thinner plots";[175] and IGN's Chris Tilly, who rated the film 7.2 out of 10, considering Spectre "solid if unspectacular", and concluding that "the film falls frustratingly short of greatness."[176]

text: Critical appraisal of the film was mixed in the United States. In a lukewarm review for RogerEbert.com, Matt Zoller Seitz gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4, describing Spectre as inconsistent and unable to capitalise on its potential.[177] Kenneth Turan, reviewing the film for Los Angeles Times, concluded that Spectre "comes off as exhausted and uninspired".[178] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times criticised the film as having "nothing surprising" and sacrificing its originality for the sake of box office returns.[179] Forbes' Scott Mendelson also heavily criticised the film, denouncing Spectre as "the worst 007 movie in 30 years".[180] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly viewed Spectre as "an overreaction to our current blockbuster moment", aspiring "to be a serialized sequel" and proving "itself as a Saga". While noting that "[n]othing that happens in Spectre holds up to even minor logical scrutiny", he had "come not to bury Spectre, but to weirdly praise it. Because the final act of the movie is so strange, so willfully obtuse, that it deserves extra attention."[181] Christopher Orr, writing in The Atlantic, also criticised the film, saying that Spectre "backslides on virtually every [aspect]".[182] Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer called Craig's performance "Bored, James Bored."[183] Alyssa Rosenberg, writing for The Washington Post, stated that the film turned into "a disappointingly conventional Bond film."[184]

text: In a positive review published in Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, describing Spectre as "party time for Bond fans, a fierce, funny, gorgeously produced valentine to the longest-running franchise in movies".[185] Mick LaSalle from the San Francisco Chronicle, raved that "One of the great satisfactions of Spectre is that, in addition to all the stirring action, and all the timely references to a secret organization out to steal everyone's personal information, we get to believe in Bond as a person."[186] Stephen Whitty from The New York Daily News, who awarded the film four of five stars, stated that "Craig is cruelly efficient. Dave Bautista makes a good, Oddjob-like assassin. And while Lea Seydoux doesn't leave a huge impression as this film's 'Bond girl', perhaps it's because we've already met—far too briefly—the hypnotic Monica Bellucci, as the first real 'Bond woman' since Diana Rigg."[187] Chicago Sun-Times film reviewer Richard Roeper, who gave the film three stars out of four, considered the film "solidly in the middle of the all-time rankings, which means it's still a slick, beautifully photographed, action-packed, international thriller with a number of wonderfully, ludicrously entertaining set pieces, a sprinkling of dry wit, myriad gorgeous women and a classic psycho-villain who is clearly out of his mind but seems to like it that way."[188] Michael Phillips, reviewing for the Chicago Tribune, stated, "For all its workmanlike devotion to out-of-control helicopters, Spectre works best when everyone's on the ground, doing his or her job, driving expensive fast cars heedlessly, detonating the occasional wisecrack, enjoying themselves and their beautiful clothes."[189] Variety film critic Guy Lodge complained in his review that "What's missing is the unexpected emotional urgency of Skyfall, as the film sustains its predecessor's nostalgia kick with a less sentimental bent."[190]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

Academy Awards
Best Original Song
"Writing's on the Wall" (Sam Smith & Jimmy Napes)
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Original Song
Won

Critics' Choice Awards
Best Song
Nominated

Best Actor in an Action Movie
Daniel Craig
Nominated

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards
Best Song
"Writing's on the Wall" (Sam Smith & Jimmy Napes)
Won

Houston Film Critics Society Awards
Best Original Song
Nominated

Art Directors Guild Awards
Production Design for a Contemporary Film
Dennis Gassner
Nominated

Satellite Awards[191]
Best Cinematography
Hoyte van Hoytema
Nominated

Best Original Score
Thomas Newman
Nominated

Best Original Song
"Writing's on the Wall" (Sam Smith & Jimmy Napes)
Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Steve Begg & Chris Corbould
Nominated

Best Art Direction and Production Design
Dennis Gassner
Nominated

Best Film Editing
Lee Smith
Nominated

Best Sound (Editing and Mixing)
Per Hallberg, Karen Baker Landers, Scott Millan, Gregg Rudloff & Stuart Wilson
Nominated

Saturn Awards[192]
Best Action or Adventure Film

Nominated

Empire Awards[193]
Best British Film

Won

Best Thriller

Won

Teen Choice Awards[194]
Choice Movie: Action

Nominated

Choice Movie Actress: Action
Léa Seydoux
Nominated

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The official production budget for Spectre has been debated. Estimates range from $245–250[3][4][5][6] to as high as $300–350 million.[7][8] The $350 million figure also incorporates the $100 million marketing budget.[9] $21.5 million was spent on television advertisements and a further $100 million was spent on promotion and advertising.[4]
Jump up ^ Within the series' continuity, the version of Spectre that appeared in Diamonds Are Forever was written out of the timeline with the 2006 reboot of the franchise in Casino Royale, making its appearance in Spectre its first in the new timeline.
Jump up ^ Originally stylised "SPECTRE" as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion.
Jump up ^ Following the settlement, McClory collaborated with Eon to produce the adaptation Thunderball (1965), and licensed Spectre and its characters to Eon for ten years,[30] allowing their subsequent appearances in You Only Live Twice, On Her Majesty's Secret Service and Diamonds Are Forever.
Jump up ^ Purvis and Wade were credited for the screenplay of Quantum of Solace, as they wrote the original draft of the film. However, the final script was written by Paul Haggis, with several uncredited co-writers.[38]
Jump up ^ The other four were "Skyfall" (2012), ""For Your Eyes Only" (1981), "Nobody Does It Better" (1977), and "Live and Let Die" (1973).[117][116]

tag: ol


document_title: Pray for the Wicked Tour

question_text: who's opening for panic at the disco 2019

question_tokens: who 's opening for panic at the disco 2019

text: Pray for the Wicked Tour

text: Background and development[edit]

text: On March 21, 2018, the band released the latest music video for "Say Amen (Saturday Night)" and a new single "(Fuck A) Silver Lining". With the release came the announcement of a summer tour. A R I Z O N A and Hayley Kiyoko were announced as the opening acts.[2]

text: Setlist[edit]

text: The following setlist was obtained from the concert held on July 17, 2018, at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.[3]

text:
"(Fuck A) Silver Lining"
"Don't Threaten Me with a Good Time"
"Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)"
"Hey Look Ma, I Made It"
"LA Devotee"
"Hallelujah"
"The Ballad of Mona Lisa"
"Nine in the Afternoon"
"Golden Days"
"Casual Affair"
"Vegas Lights"
"Dancing's Not a Crime"
"This Is Gospel"
"Death of a Bachelor"
"I Can't Make You Love Me" / "Dying in LA"
"Girls / Girls / Boys"
"Nicotine"
"Girls Just Want to Have Fun"
"High Hopes"
"Miss Jackson"
"King of the Clouds"
"Crazy=Genius"
"Bohemian Rhapsody"
"Emperor's New Clothes"
"Say Amen (Saturday Night)"
"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"
"Victorious"

text: Tour dates[edit]

text:
Date

City

Country

Venue

Opening act(s)

North America[4]

July 11, 2018

Minneapolis

United States

Target Center

A R I Z O N A[5]Hayley Kiyoko[6]

July 13, 2018

Indianapolis

Bankers Life Fieldhouse

July 14, 2018

Detroit

Little Caesars Arena

July 15, 2018

Columbus

Nationwide Arena

July 17, 2018

Chicago

United Center

July 18, 2018

Pittsburgh

PPG Paints Arena

July 20, 2018

Uniondale

Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum

July 21, 2018

Baltimore

Royal Farms Arena

July 22, 2018

Toronto

Canada

Scotiabank Arena

N/A[a]

July 24, 2018

New York City

United States

Madison Square Garden

A R I Z O N AHayley Kiyoko

July 25, 2018

Boston

TD Garden

July 27, 2018

Philadelphia

Wells Fargo Center

July 28, 2018

Raleigh

PNC Arena

July 29, 2018

Duluth

Infinite Energy Arena

July 31, 2018

Sunrise

BB&T Center

August 1, 2018

Tampa

Amalie Arena

August 3, 2018

Houston

Toyota Center

August 4, 2018

Dallas

American Airlines Center

August 5, 2018

Tulsa

BOK Center

August 7, 2018

Denver

Pepsi Center

August 8, 2018

Salt Lake City

Vivint Smart Home Arena

August 10, 2018

Seattle

KeyArena

August 11, 2018

Vancouver

Canada

Rogers Arena

August 12, 2018

Portland

United States

Moda Center

August 14, 2018

San Jose

SAP Center

August 15, 2018

Los Angeles

Staples Center

August 17, 2018

Glendale

Gila River Arena

August 18, 2018

Las Vegas

T-Mobile Arena

Europe[7]

August 25, 2018[A]

Reading

England

Little John's Farm

N/A

August 26, 2018[B]

Bramham

Bramham Park

Oceania[8]

October 6, 2018

Sydney

Australia

Qudos Bank Arena

E^ST

October 9, 2018

Adelaide

AEC Theatre

October 11, 2018

Brisbane

Riverstage

October 13, 2018

Melbourne

Hisense Arena

October 16, 2018

Auckland

New Zealand

Spark Arena

Openside

Asia[9]

October 20, 2018

Manila

Philippines

Mall of Asia Arena

IV of Spades

October 22, 2018

Tokyo

Japan

Zepp Tokyo

N/A

October 23, 2018

Shinkiba Studio Coast

October 25, 2018

Osaka

Zepp Osaka Bayside

Latin America[1][10]

November 17, 2018[C]

Mexico City

Mexico

Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez

N/A

North America[1][11][12]

January 10, 2019

Buffalo

United States

KeyBank Center

Two FeetBetty Who

January 12, 2019

Laval

Canada

Place Bell

January 13, 2019

Manchester

United States

SNHU Arena

January 15, 2019

Albany

Times Union Center

January 16, 2019

Brooklyn

Barclays Center

January 18, 2019

Newark

Prudential Center

January 19, 2019

Providence

Dunkin' Donuts Center

January 20, 2019

Washington, D.C.

Capital One Arena

January 22, 2019

Charlotte

Spectrum Center

January 23, 2019

Charlottesville

John Paul Jones Arena

January 25, 2019

Nashville

Bridgestone Arena

January 26, 2019

Cincinnati

U.S. Bank Arena

January 27, 2019

Milwaukee

Fiserv Forum

January 29, 2019

Grand Rapids

Van Andel Arena

January 30, 2019

Cleveland

Quicken Loans Arena

February 1, 2019

Omaha

CHI Health Center Omaha

February 2, 2019

Kansas City

Sprint Center

February 4, 2019

Rosemont

Allstate Arena

February 5, 2019

St. Louis

Enterprise Center

February 6, 2019

Memphis

FedExForum

February 8, 2019

Austin

Frank Erwin Center

February 9, 2019

New Orleans

Smoothie King Center

February 12, 2019

Albuquerque

Tingley Coliseum

February 14, 2019

Anaheim

Honda Center

February 15, 2019

Inglewood

The Forum

February 16, 2019

San Diego

Valley View Casino Center

February 19, 2019

Oakland

Oracle Arena

February 20, 2019

Sacramento

Golden 1 Center

Europe[1][13]

March 14, 2019

Offenbach

Germany

Stadthalle Offenbach

TBA

March 15, 2019

Berlin

Columbiahalle

March 16, 2019

Düsseldorf

Mitsubishi Electric Halle

March 18, 2019

Amsterdam

Netherlands

AFAS Live

March 19, 2019

Paris

France

Zénith Paris

March 21, 2019

Antwerp

Belgium

Lotto Arena

March 24, 2019

Glasgow

Scotland

SSE Hydro

March 25, 2019

Cardiff

Wales

Motorpoint Arena Cardiff

March 26, 2019

Birmingham

England

Arena Birmingham

March 28, 2019

London

The O2 Arena

March 29, 2019

March 30, 2019

Manchester

Manchester Arena

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ A R I Z O N A and Hayley Kiyoko were scheduled to perform but did not due to issues getting across the border.