document_title: List of Indian residential schools in Canada

question_text: when was the first residential school built in canada

text: List[edit]

text: "*"Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016.

text:
Name
Location
Province/Territory
Opened
Closed
Denomination

Assumption Indian Residential School (Hay Lakes Indian Residential School)
Hay Lakes
AB
1951
1970
RC

Blue Quill's Indian Residential School (Hospice of St. Joseph / Lac la Biche Boarding School)
Lac la Biche
AB
1862
1898 (moved to Blue Quill Indian Reserve 127, Saddle Lake)
RC

Blue Quill's Indian Residential School (Sacred Heart Indian Residential School / Saddle Lake Boarding School / Blue Quill's Boarding School)
Blue Quill Indian Reserve 127, Saddle Lake
AB
1898
1931 (moved to St. Paul)
RC

Blue Quill's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Boarding School)
St. Paul
AB
1931
1970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada)
RC

Convent of Holy Angels Indian Residential School (Holy Angels Indian Residential School/ Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School)
Fort Chipewyan
AB
1902
1974
RC

Crowfoot Indian Residential School
Cluny
AB
1909
1968
RC

Dunbow Industrial School (St. Joseph's Industrial School, High River Industrial School)
High River
AB
1888
1939
RC

Edmonton Industrial School
St. Albert
AB
1919
1960
MD

Ermineskin Indian Residential School
Hobbema
AB
1915
1973
RC

Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breyant Hall)
Fort Smith
AB
1955
1970
RC

Immaculate Conception Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School / Blood Indian Residential School)
Stand-Off
AB
1884
1926
RC

Immaculate Conception Boarding School (Blood Indian Residential School / St. Mary's Mission Boarding School)
Stand-Off
AB
1911
1975
RC

McDougall Orphanage and Residential School (Morley Indian Residential School)
Morley
AB
1886
1949
MD

Old Sun's Boarding School (North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School)
Gleichen
AB
1894
1912
AN

Old Sun's Boarding School (North Camp School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School)
Gleichen
AB
1929
1971
AN

Peigan Indian Residential School (Victoria Jubilee Home)
Brocket
AB
1892
1965
AN

Red Deer Industrial School
Red Deer
AB
1889
1944
MD

Sarcee Indian Residential School
Calgary
AB
1894
1930
AN

St. Albert's Indian Residential School
St. Albert
AB
1941
1948
RC

St. Andrew's Indian Residential School
Whitefish Lake
AB
1895
1950
AN

St. Barnabas Indian Residential School
Sarcee
AB
1899 (new school built in 1912)
1922
AN

St. Bernard Indian Residential School (Grouard Indian Residential School)
Grouard
AB
1939
1962
RC

St. Bruno Indian Residential School (Joussard Indian Residential School)
Joussard
AB
1913
1969
RC

St. Cyprian's Indian Residential School
Brocket
AB
1900 (new school built in 1926)
1962
AN

St. Francis Xavier Indian Residential School
Calais
AB
1890
1961
RC

St. Henri Indian Residential School (Fort Vermilion Indian Residential School)
Fort Vermilion
AB
1900
1968
RC

St. John's Indian Residential School (Wabasca Residential School)
Wabasca
AB
1895 (new school built in 1949)
1966
AN

St. Martin Boarding School
Wabasca
AB
1901
1973
RC

St. Paul Des Métis Indian Residential School
St. Paul
AB
1898
1905
RC

St. Paul's Indian Residential School
Cardston
AB
1900
1972
AN

St. Peter's Indian Residential School (Lesser Slave Lake Indian Residential School)
Lesser Slave Lake
AB
1900
1932
AN

Sturgeon Lake Indian Residential School
Sturgeon Lake
AB
1907
1957
RC

Youville Indian Residential School
St. Albert
AB
1892
1948
RC

Alberni Indian Residential School
Port Alberni
BC
1920 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned again in 1937, rebuilt in 1939)
1973
UC

Ahousaht Indian Residential School
Ahousaht
BC
1901
1950
PB

Christie Indian Residential School (Kakawis Indian Residential School)
Tofino (Meares Island)
BC
1900
1973
RC

Christie Indian Residential School (New Christie Indian Residential School / Kakawis Indian Residential School)
Tofino, British Columbia (Meares Island)
BC
1974
1983
RC

Friendly Cove Day School
Yuquot
BC
1930
1964
RC

Greenville Mission Boys' Boarding School
Nass River
BC
1877
?
MD

Kamloops Indian Residential School
Kamloops
BC
1890
1978
RC

Kamloops Indian Residential School (St. Louis Mission Indian Residential School)
Kamloops
BC
1890
1978
RC

Kitimaat Indian Residential School (Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls)
Kitimaat
BC
1883
?
MD

Kootenay Indian Residential School (St. Eugene's Indian Residential School, St. Mary's Indian Residential School)
Cranbrook
BC
1898
1970
RC

Kuper Island Indian Residential School
Penelakut Island
BC
1890
1975
RC

Lejac Indian Residential School
Fraser Lake
BC
1910 (new building in 1922)
1976
RC

Lower Post Indian Residential School
Lower Post
BC
1951
1975
RC

Methodist Coqualeetza Institute
Chilliwack
BC
1886
1937 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre
MD

Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School)
Metlakatla
BC
1891
1962
OO

Port Simpson Methodist Girls' School
Port Simpson
BC
1863
1950
MD

Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School
Chilliwack
BC
1861
1940
PB

Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential School
Chilliwack
BC
1890
1941
RC

Sechelt Indian Residential School
Sechelt
BC
1912
1975
RC

St. Paul’s Indian Residential School
North Vancouver
BC
1898
1959
RC

St. George's Indian Residential School (Lytton Indian Residential School)
Lytton
BC
1901 (new school built in 1928)
1979
AN

St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School
Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles)
BC
1861
1984
RC

St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Alert Bay Indian Residential School)
Alert Bay
BC
1929
1975
AN

Thomas Crosby Indian Residential School (Thomas Crosby Girls Home Indian Residential School)
Port Simpson
BC
1879
1950
MD

Thomas Crosby Indian Residential School (Thomas Crosby Home for Boys Indian residential School)
Port Simpson
BC
1879
1950
MD

Victoria Catholic Convent School
Victoria
BC
1863
?
RC

Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School)
Cariboo
BC
1890
1981
RC

Yale Indian Residential School
Yale
BC
1900
?
AN

Yuquot Indian Residential School
Yuquot
BC
1901
1913
RC

Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel)
Winnipeg
MB
1958 (September 2)
1973 (June 30)
RC

Birtle Indian Residential School
Birtle
MB
1888 (December 3)
1970
PB

Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School)
Brandon
MB
1895 (May 23)
1972 (June 30)
MD

Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School)
Cross Lake
MB
1915(March 9)
1969(July 30)
RC

Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School)
Elkhorn
MB
1888
1919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built)
AN

Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School)
Elkhorn
MB
1925
1949
AN

Fort Alexander Indian Residential School
Pine Falls
MB
1905
1970 (June)
RC

Guy Hill Indian Residential School
The Pas and Clearwater Lake
MB
1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958)
1979 (June 30)
RC

Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School
Fisher River
MB
1874 (new school built in 1948)
1963
AN

MacKay Indian Residential School
The Pas
MB
1915
1933
AN

MacKay Indian Residential School
Dauphin
MB
1955
1989
AN

Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School
Norway House
MB
1900
1967(June 30)
MD

Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School)
Camperville
MB
1890
1969 (August 31)
RC

Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School
Portage la Prairie
MB
1891
1975 (June 30)
MD

Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian Residential
Portage la Prairie
MB
1895
1950
PB

Sandy Bay Indian Residential School
Sandy Bay Reserve
MB
1905
1970 (June 30)
RC

St. Boniface Industrial School
St. Boniface
MB
1891
1909
RC

St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School)
Selkirk
MB
1886
1906
AN

Waterhen Indian Residential School
Waterhen
MB
1890
1900
RC

Lockwood School*
Cartwright
NL

1964
OO

Makkovik Boarding School*
Makkovik
NL

1960
OO

Nain Boarding School*
Nain
NL

1973
OO

St. Anthony's Orphanage*
St. Anthony
NL

1979
OO

Yale School*
North West River
NL

1980
OO

Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School)
Shingle Point
NWT
1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding
1959
AN

Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School)
Aklavik
NWT
1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence)
June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall)
RC

Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall);
Fort McPherson
NWT
1898
1970
OO (non-denominational)

Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School)
Fort Providence
NWT
1867
1953
RC

Fort Resolution Indian Residential School
Fort Resolution
NWT
1867
?
RC

Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall)
Fort Simpson
NWT
1920
1970
RC

Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School)
Hay River
NWT
1898
1949
AN

Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School
Yellowknife
NWT
1958
1994
Federal/GNWT

Shubenacadie Indian Residential School
Shubenacadie
NS
1922
1968
RC

Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil)
Chesterfield Inlet
NU
1929
1970
RC

Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School
Frobisher Bay
NU
1965
?
RC

Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School)
Fort Albany
ON
1912
1963
RC

Alexandra Industrial School for Girls
Toronto
ON
1897
?
OO

Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School)
Alderville
ON
1838
1966
MD

Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School)
Moose Factory
ON
1907
1963
AN

Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School
Kenora
ON
1900
1966
PB

Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School)
Chapleau
ON
1907
1950
AN

Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School)
Fort Frances
ON
1902
1974
RC

Kenora Indian Residential School
Kenora
ON
1949
1963
RC

McIntosh Indian Residential School
Kenora
ON
1924
1969
RC

Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School)
Brantford
ON
1828
1970
AN

Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick)
Muncey Town
ON
1848
1948
MD

Shingwauk Indian Residential School
Garden River
ON
1873
1873 (burned down six days after opening)
AN

Shingwauk Indian Residential School
Sault Ste. Marie
ON
1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900)
1971 (currently houses Algoma University)
AN

Wawanosh School for Girls
Sault Ste Marie
ON
1877
1900 (merged with Shingwauk)
AN

Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School)
Sioux Lookout
ON
1911
1973
AN

Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished
Spanish
ON
1883
1965
RC

St. Anne's Indian Residential School
Fort Albany
ON
1936
1964
RC

St. Joseph's Indian Boarding School (Fort William Indian Residential School)
Fort William
ON
1936
1964 (demolished in 1966)
RC

St. Mary's Indian Residential School
Kenora
ON
1894
1962
RC

Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School)
Manitowaning
ON
1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school)
1963
RC

Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School)
Armstrong
ON
1880
1891
RC

Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School)
St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos)
QC
1948
196
RC

Federal Hostel at George River
Kangirsualujjuaq
QC
?
?
OO (Non-Denominational)

Federal Hostel at Great Whale River
Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine)
QC
?
?
OO (Non-Denominational)

Federal Hostel at Payne Bay
Kangirsuk (Bellin)
QC
?
?
OO (Non-Denominational)

Federal Hostel at Port Harrison
Inukjuak
QC
?
?
OO (Non-Denominational)

Fort George Hostels
Fort George
QC
1975
1978
OO (Non-Denominational)

St. Philip's Indian Residential School
Fort George
QC
1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944)
1979
AN

Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus)
Fort George
QC
1936
1952
RC

La Tuque Indian Residential School
La Tuque
QC
1963
1978
AN

Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School
Mashteuiatsh
QC
1956
1965
RC

Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam)
Sept-Îles
QC
1952
1967
RC

Battleford Industrial School
Battleford
SK
1883
1914
AN

Beauval Indian Residential School
Beauval
SK
1895
1983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995)
RC

Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School)
Marieval
SK
1936
1997
RC

Crowstand Indian Residential School
Kamsack
SK
1888
1916
PB

St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School)
Duck Lake
SK
1894
1996
RC

Emmanuel College
Prince Albert
SK
1879
1923
AN

File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School)
Okanese Reserve
SK
1889
1949
PB

Gordon Indian Residential School
Punnichy
SK
1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929)
1996
AN

Guy Hill Indian Residential School
Sturgeon Landing
SK
1926
1952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958)
RC

Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School
Île-à-la-Crosse
SK
1878
1976 (the boarding school section)
RC

Lake La Ronge Mission Indian Residential School
La Ronge
SK
1914 (new school built in 1920)
1947
AN

Muscowequan Indian Residential School
Lestock
SK
1932
1981
RC

St. Albans Indian Residential School
Prince Albert
SK
?
1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)
AN

All Saints Indian Residential School
Prince Albert
SK
1865
1951 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)
AN

Prince Albert Indian Residential School
Prince Albert
SK
1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans)
1964
AN

Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School)
Lebret
SK
1884 (burned down in 1908
1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973, and renamed White Calf Collegiate, but closed in August 1998)
RC

Regina Indian Residential School
Regina
SK
1890
1910, demolished in 1948
PB

Round Lake Indian Residential School
Whitewood
SK
1886
1950
MD

St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School)
Onion Lake
SK
1891
1968
RC

St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School)
Onion Lake
SK
1893 (burned down in 1943)
1951
AN

St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School)
Kamsack
SK
1899
1965
RC

Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School)
Delmas
SK
1933
1948 (burned down by students)
RC

Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School)
Shingle Point
YT
1927
1934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding)
AN

Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School)
Whitehorse
YT
1900
1968
BP

Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School)
Fortymile
YT
1891
1910 (moved to Carcross)
AN

Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School)
Carcross
YT
1910
1969
AN

St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall)
Dawson
YT
1920
1943
AN

Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students)
Whitehorse
YT
1956
1965
AN


document_title: The Nut Job

question_text: who plays the mole in the nut job

question_tokens: who plays the mole in the nut job

root

text: The Nut Job

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the fictional town of Oakton City,[2] a purple squirrel named Surly (Will Arnett) and his mute rat partner Buddy reside in Liberty Park where their thieving reputation has made them outcasts. A group of urban animals led by Raccoon (Liam Neeson) and his cardinal assistant are running low on food for winter. Red squirrel Andie (Katherine Heigl) and glory hogging gray squirrel Grayson (Brendan Fraser) compete with Surly and Buddy to scavenge from a peanut cart manned by Lucky (Scott Yaphe) and Fingers (James Rankin) who are casing a bank. The squirrels' efforts inadvertently end with the cart's propane tank exploding in the park after its cord was bitten by Fingers' pug Precious (Maya Rudolph). The runaway cart ends up destroying and burning the tree, where the animals store their food. Surly is banished and Buddy follows him.

tag: p

text: In the city, they find Maury's Nut Shop. Adjacent to the bank, it is a criminal hideout used by Lucky, Fingers, their boss Percy "King" Dimpleweed (Stephen Lang) and Knuckles, who plan to break through the wall and replace the bank's cash with nuts. King's girlfriend Lana (Sarah Gadon) believes King has gone straight and the nut store is legitimate.

text: Raccoon sends Andie and Grayson to the city to find food, but they get separated when a street rat approaches them. Andie recovers Fingers' dog whistle, which Knuckles threw out and Surly had used against Precious, and threatens to dispose of it if Surly does not share the nuts he is going to take. Surly accepts and unwittingly befriends Precious after threatening her with the whistle. Andie informs the park community of the plan. Raccoon reluctantly goes with the plan and assigns Mole (Jeff Dunham) and the Bruisers to go with her. Surly eventually learns from Mole that Raccoon's policy is to control the food supply in order to control the animals, and that Raccoon plans on sabotaging the nut bonanza. When Andie does not believe him, Surly leaves after Grayson reunites with them.

text: After fending off street rats who work for Raccoon, Surly and Grayson chase the criminal gang's getaway truck, which carries Raccoon and the other animals. Surly fights off Cardinal, and Mole defects from Raccoon and reveals the truth to the animals, resulting in Raccoon being voted out of the park community. King and Knuckles use the dynamite inside the empty truck to blow up a police barricade at a dam, but the police shoots the tire on the truck that falls from the dam. It explodes after Surly gets himself and Andie off it, and they fall into the river below. Surly makes it to a log, but finds out that Raccoon, King and Knuckles survived the explosion. Raccoon tries to kill Surly, but the nuts' weight begins to break the log. The animals arrive to rescue them, but Surly, deciding to be selfless in order to protect his friends, lets go of the log and falls into the waterfall with Raccoon. The park community now sees the good side of Surly, and mourns him.

text: The nuts make their way to Liberty Park. King and his associates are arrested as Lana breaks up with King. Andie and Buddy are still mourning over Surly, and when Precious learns what happened, she has Buddy come look at an unconscious Surly near the river. Doleful to see Surly lifeless, Buddy says his first two words: "best friend". Surly wakes up and hugs Buddy. Afterward, Precious leaves to meet Lana, who plans to run Maury's Nut Shop. Finding Surly alive, Andie embraces him and suggests to tell the other animals of his heroism. However, Surly declines, yet gains a willingness to work with others, and goes into the city with Buddy, allowing Grayson to take credit for the nuts making it to the park.

text: During the credits, the animals and humans dance with an animated Psy as he performs "Gangnam Style". In a mid-credits scene, Raccoon and Cardinal are shown to have survived their ordeal and are sulking on a harbor buoy surrounded by sharks while coming up with another plan. In a post-credits scene, Precious chases Mole to get the bone he is holding that she wants and he drives her away with the dog whistle.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Will Arnett as Surly, a purple squirrel.[2]
Brendan Fraser as Grayson, an idiotic, glory-hogging squirrel who has a false reputation for being the "park hero".[2]
Gabriel Iglesias as Jimmy, a groundhog and the leader of the Bruisers.[11][12]
Jeff Dunham as Mole, a mole who works for Raccoon and has eyes that are sensitive to light.
Liam Neeson as Raccoon, a raccoon and the self-proclaimed, power-hungry, deceitful con-artist and leader of the park.[2][13]
Katherine Heigl as Andie, a compassionate squirrel who eventually becomes Surly's love interest.
Stephen Lang as Percy "King" Dimpleweed, a mob boss.
Maya Rudolph as Precious, a pug that is owned by Lucky.
Sarah Gadon as Lana, King's girlfriend later ex-girlfriend.
James Rankin as Fingers, King's fellow criminal who helps Lucky run "Maury's Nut Shop".
Scott Yaphe as Lucky, the owner of the peanut cart, who is Precious' owner and King's associate.
Joe Pingue as Johnny, a groundhog and a member of the Bruisers.
Annick Obonsawin as Jamie, a small female groundhog and a member of the Bruisers.
Julie Lemieux as a girl scout that tries to buy nuts from Fingers and Lucky's nut cart.
Robert Tinkler as Buddy, a rat and Surly's mute and incompetent partner-in-crime who does not talk much

Robert Tinkler also voices Redline, a blue mouse who idolizes Grayson and whose catchphrase is "We're all gonna die!".

James Kee voices an armored truck guard

James Kee also voices a street rat.

Scott McCord as a police officer who tries to get Fingers and Lucky to show him a permit for their nut vending.

Scott McCord also provides the voices of miscellaneous animals.

Katie Griffin as a park pigeon

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: On January 17, 2011, it was announced that Lorne Cameron would write the screenplay for the film, along with Peter Lepeniotis.[14] On November 15, 2012, it was announced that Katherine Heigl, Will Arnett and Brendan Fraser had joined the cast of the film,[15] and on March 1, 2013, it was announced that Liam Neeson has also joined.[16] On December 19, 2013, it was announced that South Korean entertainer PSY makes a cameo appearance as himself during the film's ending credits, which also feature his hit song "Gangnam Style".[4]

text: The film's production art was featured in a Brampton, Ontario exhibit.[17]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released in the United States on January 17, 2014, and distributed by Open Road Films.[18] International distribution was handled by The Weinstein Company.[19] The first teaser trailer for the film was released on September 27, 2013.[20] The film had its premiere at a Regal Cinemas theater in Los Angeles on January 11, 2014.[21]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Nut Job was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 15, 2014, by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 10%, based on 88 reviews, and an average score of 3.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Hampered by an unlikable central character and source material stretched too thin to cover its brief running time, The Nut Job will provoke an allergic reaction in all but the least demanding moviegoers."[23] On Metacritic, which calculates a normalized rating from reviews, the film has an average weighted score of 37 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[24] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a "B" grade, on an A+ to F scale.[25]

text: Peter Debruge of Variety wrote, "The Nut Job comes up short compared with a film like Ratatouille, which, despite its less-than-adorable rodents, won audiences over through appealing voicework and writing."[5] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap wrote, "The Nut Job is merely shrill and frantic, chock-full of uninspired characters and tedious wackiness."[26] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "A whimsical period setting helps this 3D animated caper escape some overly familiar trappings."[1] Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic wrote, "Arnett is a great comedic actor, an acidic wit. But here his Surly is just a selfish jerk. If there weren't some redemption involved, this wouldn't be a by-the-numbers animated feature. But it is, and there is, and it is wholly predictable."[27] Linda Barnard of the Toronto Star gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "If The Nut Job fails to connect through its characters it deserves praise for being a visually inspired effort, with clear homage paid to 1950s animation styles, especially Warner Bros. classics."[28] Chris Cabin of Slant Magazine gave the film one out of four stars, saying, "There's no personality in the design or the script, which only renders the cynical aftertaste of this convoluted one-squirrel-against the-world story all the more potent."[29] Jordan Hoffman of the New York Daily News gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "The cartoon is stuffed with exhausting visual mayhem. Some jokes land, but most kids over 10 will roll their eyes."[30]

text: Joe Williams of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The burnished backgrounds are pleasant to look at, but finding something to savor in the story is a tough nut to crack."[31] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film one out of four stars, saying, "The Nut Job fights its protagonist's own charmlessness from the first scene. Turning a dislikable leading character a little less dislikable by the end credits sets an awfully low bar for this sort of thing."[32] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The overall mood resembles a furry, nut-based version of Stanley Kubrick's The Killing."[33] Peter Hartlaub of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "Someone spent a lot of time making the architecture and production design match the era. Grandparents getting dragged to The Nut Job will be appreciative."[34] Annlee Ellingson of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "The Nut Job features decent CG animation, especially of animals, but the writing isn't particularly clever, relying on obvious puns and slapstick humor."[35] Stephanie Merry of The Washington Post gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "That feeling of been-there-done-that is pervasive, with many of the jokes sounding like they were ripped off from other movies."[36] Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave the film an F, saying, "The most egregious problem with The Nut Job is how shamelessly it fills in the gaps left by expanding Lepeniotis’ short with generic and tedious rogue-to-hero cliché."[37] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "The small-town setting of a half-century ago is beautifully animated by director Peter Lepenotis and his team, and there are some nicely staged old-school action sequences."[38]

text: Scott Bowles of USA Today gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "When the story gets stale, the movie inserts a 'nuts' pun or, worse, resorts to a gas or burp joke. It doesn't work the first time, nor the fifth."[39] Miriam Bale of The New York Times wrote, "The Nut Job features muddy-colored and often ugly animation, a plot that feels too stretched out and loaded with details to hold the attention of most children, and more flatulence jokes than anyone deserves."[40] Adam Nayman of The Globe and Mail gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "Only a multilevel chase sequence involving Surly and some glowing-eyed street rats has any real kinetic excitement, and the supporting characters lack visual distinction."[41] Bill Zwecker of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "The bottom line: Kids may be mildly amused by The Nut Job, but adults accompanying them won't find much to capture their interest."[42] Kimberley Jones of The Austin Chronicle gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "The richly hued CG animation is quite nice – a mix of hyperdetailed character work and painterly cityscapes and pastorals – and the script putters along with small but regular amusements."[43] Tom Russo of The Boston Globe gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The plot doesn’t take clever turns, the visual thrills aren’t all that thrilling, and you’re ultimately left to get your heist-movie kicks elsewhere."[44] Joel Arnold of NPR wrote, "Once Surly and Buddy case the joint, develop a plan, and deal with the inevitable surprises, The Nut Job could be any classic caper flick."[45]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Nut Job grossed $64,251,541 in North America, and $56,633,986 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $120,885,527.[7] In North America, the film opened at number three in its first weekend, with $19,423,000, behind Ride Along and Lone Survivor.[46] It had the biggest opening weekend ever for an indie animated feature film.[9] In its second weekend, the film stayed at number three, grossing an additional $12,101,118.[47] In its third weekend, the film dropped to number four, grossing $7,278,450,[48] and in its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number eight, grossing $3,753,080.[49]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The Nut Job won the Audience Award for Best Children's Animation at the 2015 Anima: The Brussels Animation Film Festival.[50]

text: The film was nominated for Best Sound Editing – Feature Film at the 2014 Directors Guild of Canada Awards.[51] Paul Hunter won for The Nut Job in the Best Editing in Animation category at the Canadian Cinema Editors Awards.[52]

text: The French ATAA awarded the film Best Dubbing Adaptation for an Animated Film for 2015.[53]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by Paul Intson. The soundtrack was released on January 17, 2014.[54]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On January 23, 2014, The Nut Job 2 was announced, with an initial release date of January 15, 2016.[55] On April 11, 2016, the release date was pushed back to May 19, 2017.[56] Will Arnett, Gabriel Iglesias, Jeff Dunham, Katherine Heigl and Maya Rudolph reprised their roles. The film details the park animals banding together to prevent a crooked mayor from bulldozing Liberty Park and replacing it with a dangerous amusement park.[57][58] On May 25, 2016, Heitor Pereira was hired to score the film.[59] On July 5, 2016, Jackie Chan joined the cast as territorial street mouse gang leader Mr. Feng.[60] In December 2016, the film was pushed back to August 11, 2017.[61]


document_title: Anatomical terms of motion

question_text: the process of turning your hands outward is called

text: Anatomical terms of motion

text: Classification[edit]

text: Motions are classified after the anatomical planes they occur in,[1] although movement is more often than not a combination of different motions occurring simultaneously in several planes.[2] Motions can be split into categories relating to the nature of the joints involved:

text:
Gliding motions occur between flat surfaces, such as in the intervertebral discs or between the carpal and metacarpal bones of the hand.[1]
Angular motions occur over synovial joints and causes them to either increase or decrease angles between bones.[1]
Rotational motions move a structure in a rotational motion along a longitudinal axis, such as turning the head to look to either side.[3]

text: Apart from this motions can also be divided into:

text:
Linear motions (or translatory motions), which move in a line between two points. Rectilinear motion is motion in a straight line between two points, whereas curvilinear motion is motion following a curved path.[2]
Angular motions (or rotary motions) occur when an object is around another object increasing or decreasing the angle. The different parts of the object do not move the same distance. Examples include a movement of the knee, where the lower leg changes angle compared to the femur, or movements of the ankle.[2]

text: The study of movement is known as kinesiology.[4] A categoric list of movements of the human body and the muscles involved can be found at list of movements of the human body.

text: Abnormal motion[edit]

text: The prefix hyper- is sometimes added to describe movement beyond the normal limits, such as in hypermobility, hyperflexion or hyperextension. The range of motion describes the total range of motion that a joint is able to do. [5] For example, if a part of the body such as a joint is overstretched or "bent backwards" because of exaggerated extension motion, then it can be described as hyperextended. Hyperextension increases the stress on the ligaments of a joint, and is not always because of a voluntary movement. It may be a result of accidents, falls, or other causes of trauma. It may also be used in surgery, such as in temporarily dislocating joints for surgical procedures. [6]

text: General motion[edit]

text: These are general terms that can be used to describe most movements the body makes. Most terms have a clear opposite, and so are treated in pairs.[7]

text: Flexion and extension[edit]

text: Flexion and extension describe movements that affect the angle between two parts of the body. These terms come from the Latin words with the same meaning.[a]

text: Flexion describes a bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment.[9] For example, bending the elbow, or clenching a hand into a fist, are examples of flexion. When sitting down, the knees are flexed. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, flexion refers to movement in the anterior direction.[10] Flexion of the shoulder or hip refers to movement of the arm or leg forward.[11]

text: Extension is the opposite of flexion, describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.[12] When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, extension refers to movement in the posterior direction.[10] For example, when standing up, the knees are extended. Extension of the hip or shoulder moves the arm or leg backward.[11] When the chin is against the chest, the head is flexed, and the trunk is flexed when a person leans forward. [10]

text: Abduction and adduction[edit]

text: Abduction is the motion of a structure away from the midline while adduction refer to motion towards the centre of the body.[13] The centre of the body is defined as the midsagittal plane.[3] These terms come from Latin words with similar meanings.[b]

text: Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body. In the case of fingers and toes, it refers to spreading the digits apart, away from the centerline of the hand or foot. Abduction of the wrist is also called radial deviation.[13] For example, raising the arms up, such as when tightrope-walking, is an example of abduction at the shoulder.[11] When the legs are splayed at the hip, such as when doing a star jump or doing a split, the legs are abducted at the hip.[3]

text: Adduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb. In the case of fingers and toes, it refers to bringing the digits together, towards the centerline of the hand or foot. Adduction of the wrist is also called ulnar deviation. Dropping the arms to the sides, and bringing the knees together, are examples of adduction.[13]

text: Ulnar deviation is the hand moving towards the ulnar styloid (or, towards the pinky/fifth digit). Radial deviation is the hand moving towards the radial styloid (or, towards the thumb/first digit).[15]

text: Elevation and depression[edit]

text: The terms elevation and depression refer to movement above and below the horizontal. They derive from the Latin terms with similar meanings[c]

text: Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction.[17] For example, shrugging is an example of elevation of the scapula. [18]

text: Depression refers to movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation.[19]

text: Rotation[edit]

text: Rotation of body parts is referred to as internal or external, referring to rotation towards or away from the center of the body.[20]

text: Internal rotation (or medial rotation) refers to rotation towards the axis of the body.[20]

text: External rotation (or lateral rotation) refers to rotation away from the center of the body.[20]

text:
The lotus position of yoga, demonstrating external rotation of the leg at the hip.

Rotating the arm away from the body is external rotation.

Rotating the arm closer to the body is internal rotation.

text: Other[edit]

text:
Anterograde and Retrograde flow, refers to movement of blood or other fluids in a normal (anterograde) or abnormal (retrograde) direction.[21]
Circumduction refers to a conical movement of a body part, such as a ball and socket joint or the eye. Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. Circumduction can be best performed at ball and socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, but may also be performed by other parts of the body such as fingers, hands, feet, and head.[22] For example, circumduction occurs when spinning the arm when performing a serve in tennis or bowling a cricket ball. [23]
Reduction refers to a motion returning a bone to its original state,[24] such as a shoulder reduction following shoulder dislocation, or reduction of a hernia.

text: The swinging action made during a tennis serve is an example of circumduction

text: Special motion[edit]

text: Hands and feet[edit]

text: Flexion and extension of the foot[edit]

text: Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion refer to extension or flexion of the foot at the ankle. These terms refer to flexion between the foot and the body's dorsal surface, considered the front of the leg, and flexion between the foot and the body's plantar surface, considered the back of the leg.[25] These terms are used to resolve confusion, as technically extension of the joint refers to dorsiflexion, which could be considered counter-intuitive as the motion reduces the angle between the foot and the leg. [26]

text: Dorsiflexion where the toes are brought closer to the shin. This decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg.[27] For example, when walking on the heels the ankle is described as being in dorsiflexion.[26]

text: Plantar flexion is the movement which decreases the angle between the sole of the foot and the back of the leg. For example, the movement when depressing a car pedal or standing on the tiptoes can be described as plantar flexion.[26]

text:
A ballerina, demonstrating plantar flexion of the feet.

Dorsi and plantar flexion of the foot.

text: Flexion and extension of the hand[edit]

text: Palmarflexion and dorsiflexion refer to movement of the flexion (palmarflexion) or extension (dorsiflexion) of the hand at the wrist.[28] These terms refer to flexion between the hand and the body's dorsal surface, which in anatomical position is considered the back of the arm; and flexion between the hand and the body's palmar surface, which in anatomical position is considered the anterior side of the arm.[29] The direction of terms are opposite to those in the foot because of embryological rotation of the limbs in opposite directions.[10]

text: Palmarflexion refers to decreasing the angle between the palm and the anterior forearm.[28]

text: Dorsiflexion refers to extension at the ankle or wrist joint. This brings the hand closer to the dorsum of the body.[28]

text: Praying Hands by Albrecht Dürer, demonstrating dorsiflexion of the hands.

text: Pronation and supination[edit]

text: Pronation (/proʊˈneɪʃən/) and supination (/suːpɪˈneɪʃən/) refer most generally to assuming prone or supine positions, but often they are used in a specific sense referring to rotation of the forearm or foot so that in the standard anatomical position the palm or sole is facing anteriorly (supination) or posteriorly (pronation).[30]

text: Pronation at the forearm is a rotational movement where the hand and upper arm are turned inwards. Pronation of the foot refers to turning of the sole outwards, so that weight is borne on the medial part of the foot.[31]

text: Supination of the forearm occurs when the forearm or palm are rotated outwards. Supination of the foot refers to turning of the sole of the foot inwards, shifting weight to the lateral edge.[32]

text:
Supination and pronation of the foot

Supination and pronation of the arm

text: Inversion and eversion[edit]

text: Inversion and eversion refer to movements that tilt the sole of the foot away from (eversion) or towards (inversion) the midline of the body.[33]

text: Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.[34] Inversion is the movement of the sole towards the median plane. For example, inversion describes the motion when an ankle is twisted.[27]

text:
Example showing inversion and eversion of the foot

Eversion of the right foot

Inversion of the right foot

text: Eyes[edit]

text: Unique terminology is also used to describe the eye. For example:

text:
A version is an eye movement involving both eyes moving synchronously and symmetrically in the same direction.[35]
Torsion refers to eye movement that affects the vertical axis of the eye,[36] such as the movement made when looking in to the nose.

text: Jaw and teeth[edit]

text:
Occlusion refers to motion of the mandibula towards the maxilla making contact between the teeth.[37]
Protrusion and Retrusion are sometimes used to describe the anterior (protrusion) and posterior (retrusion) movement of the jaw.[38]

text:
Examples showing protrusion and retrusion.

Elevation and depression of the jaw.

text: Other[edit]

text: Other terms include:

text:
Nutation and counternutation[d] refer to movement of the sacrum defined by the rotation of the promontory downwards and anteriorly, as with lumbar extension (nutation); or upwards and posteriorly, as with lumbar flexion (counternutation).[40]
Opposition refers to the movement that involves grasping of the thumb and fingers.[41]
Protraction and Retraction refer to an anterior (protraction) or posterior (retraction) movement,[42] such as of the arm at the shoulders, although these terms have been criticised as non-specific.[43]
Reciprocal motion refers to alternating motions in opposing directions.[44]
Reposition refers to restoring an object to its natural condition.[45]

text:
Nutation at left, counternutation at right

An example of opposition

Example of opposition of the thumb and index finger