document_title: List of Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma episodes

question_text: who wins the fall election in food wars

question_tokens: who wins the fall election in food wars

root

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

Originally aired

First aired

Last aired

1

24

April 4, 2015 (2015-04-04)

September 26, 2015 (2015-09-26)

2

13

July 2, 2016 (2016-07-02)

September 24, 2016 (2016-09-24)

3

24

October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)

June 25, 2018 (2018-06-25)

tag: table

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma[edit]

text:
No.

English title[a] / Japanese translated titleOriginal Japanese title[b]

Original air date[9]

1
"The Vast Wasteland" / "An Endless Wasteland""Hatenaki Kōya" (果てなき荒野) April 4, 2015
Soma Yukihira has been working at his father Joichiro's diner since a young age, establishing an interest in cooking and vowing to beat his father someday, for Joichiro has beaten him every time they have had a cooking battle. One day while his father is away, Yaeko Minegasaki, an urban life planner, arrives and threatens to demolish the restaurant to build a luxury hotel in its place, spoiling all the meat in the pantry to try and get the diner to close down. Remembering Soma's promise to always satisfy every customer that comes to dine, Yaeko orders him to make her a tasty meat dish to her satisfaction, and if he does she will never disturb him again. In response to the setback, Soma gathers his wits and uses potatoes and the bacon he bought while shopping to create an imitation roast pork dish, which Yaeko greatly enjoys and fulfills her portion of the deal. Despite the restaurant being saved, Joichiro decides to close it down for three years, opting to travel (and cook) abroad, sending Soma to the prestigious Totsuki Culinary Academy to take the entrance exam and study cooking there as part of the high school division.
2
"God Tongue""Kami no Shita" (神の舌) April 11, 2015
Upon arriving there, Soma is shocked by the grandness of the school building, the greatness of the school campus, and how famous Totsuki actually is, being one of the top culinary schools in the world. Soma also meets many other chefs, all of whom are descendants of gourmet chefs or heirs to high-class food businesses, who have likewise come to take the entrance exam and transfer in. Due to his background as a low-class diner chef, Soma is looked down on. Most of the participants flee upon hearing that Erina Nakiri, a legendary food genius with the most selective palate known to mankind (nicknamed 'The God Tongue') will be their examiner. For fun, Erina changes the course of the exam and orders Soma to cook an egg dish to satisfy her instead. He creates an ordinary-looking rice with seasoning, only to reveal that the seasoning contains chicken aspic, which enhances the flavor greatly. Despite being overwhelmingly impressed with his dish, Erina fails him, having taken an immediate disliking to his nonchalant and perceived cocky attitude, and feeling that her pride would be threatened if she allowed a person of his social standing to be admitted. Later in the day, her grandfather Senzaemon, the director of the school, tastes Soma's dish and is impressed, laughing and crumpling up his rejected application, implicitly overruling Erina's decision.
3
"That Chef Never Smiles" / "That Chef Doesn't Smile""Kono Ryōrinin wa Warawanai" (この料理人は笑わない) April 18, 2015
At the entrance ceremony, Soma is introduced as the only student who managed to transfer into Totsuki's high school division, and he declares that he will become the top student at Totsuki, instantly earning the ire of the entire student body with his nonchalant attitude towards the school and its reputation. He is then paired up with meek girl Megumi Tadokoro, who has the worst grades among the first-years and is one E grade away from expulsion. Soma's first class consists of making Beef Bourguignon to satisfy the French teacher Roland Chapelle, known as "The Chef that Never Smiles" due to his notoriously strict grading. Megumi is determined to follow the recipe to earn a passing grade, but encounters a setback when two other students sabotage their dish by throwing in lots of salt. Luckily, Soma is able to make the dish again, using honey to quickly tenderize the meat. The class is astonished when Chapelle smiles for the first time upon trying Soma and Megumi's dish, and proclaims that his only regret is he cannot give them a grade higher than an A. The two saboteurs, having been distracted by Chapelle smiling, accidentally burn their own dish and receive a failing grade. Meanwhile, Erina is told about Soma's success in Chapelle's class and furiously vows to get him expelled.
4
"Sacred Mother of Kyokusei" / "The Madonna of the Polar Star""Kyokusei no Maria" (極星の聖母 (マリア)) April 25, 2015
Soma is sent to Polar Star Dormitory, a dormitory for students whose home is further away from the school. He is greeted by Fumio Daimidō, the caretaker, and is required to cook a dish that satisfies her in order to become a resident. Not knowing that he was supposed to bring his own ingredients, Soma nevertheless creates a mackerel burger meal using leftover ingredients in the kitchen, which impresses Fumio greatly. Now a Polar Star Dormitory resident, Soma meets the other residents: first-year Yūki Yoshino who specialises in wild game, her best friend and fellow first-year Ryōko Sakaki who specializes in fermentation and alcoholic beverages, quiet first-year Shun Ibusaki who specialises in smoked food, first-year nerd Zenji Marui who specialises in in-depth food research, bickering freshmen Daigo Aoki and Shōji Satō neither of whom specialise in any one area of cooking but nonetheless are skilled enough to remain at the academy, enthusiastic second-year Satoshi Isshiki who specialises in traditional Japanese cuisine, as well as Megumi, who specialises in vegetable and seafood dishes. During a welcoming party, Soma is further introduced to the academy's inner workings, such as the Elite Ten, the highest decision-making body in the school other than the school director himself, which consists of ten exceptionally talented students, the 10th seat being Erina while the 7th seat being Satoshi. Satoshi decides to challenge Soma to a cookoff. Satoshi presents his peppered mackerel dish and Soma is shocked by the high quality of Satoshi's cooking.
5
"The Ice Queen and the Spring Storm""Kōri no Joō to Haru no Arashi" (氷の女王と春の嵐) May 2, 2015
Soma presents his dish, mackerel onigiri chazuke using seaweed tea. Everybody is impressed, and the cookoff is declared a draw. Having his sights set on becoming a member on the Elite Ten, Soma challenges Satoshi for his spot only to find that it can only be obtained through a high-stakes cooking duel called a Shokugeki, and Soma has nothing of value to wager that is of equivalent value to a seat in the Elite Ten. Meanwhile, Erina challenges the Chanko Research Society president Kiyoshi Godabayashi to a Shokugeki for the rights to his clubroom, which she wins with ease. She then has his clubroom demolished in order to make room for a new wing for her personal cooking facilities.
6
"The Meat Aggressor"/ "The Meat Invader""Niku no Shinryakusha" (肉の侵略者) May 9, 2015
After working in the Polar Star Dormitory's farm in the morning, Megumi helps Soma to look for a research society, the equivalent of a high school club, to join. They stumble upon the Don Research Society, which is being targeted for disbandment by Erina for her expansion project. Ikumi Mito, one of Erina's lackeys known as "The Meat Master", challenges the club president Kanichi Konishi, telling him that no matter what he cooks his dish will never beat her A5 grade meat. Soma volunteers to partake in the Shokugeki in Kanichi's place, with the challenge being to cook a donburi dish with meat as the main ingredient. The terms for the contest are that if Soma wins, the club stays with increased funding and Ikumi must join, but if Ikumi wins, the club disbands and Soma will be expelled. In preparing for the Shokugeki, Soma makes numerous donburi dishes through research and modifies them with the realization that the club's budget is limited. Soma settles on the Chaliapin steak, while Ikumi, heir to a massive meat packaging business, contacts her family to deliver the best cut of A5 grade beef available.
7
"The Silent Bowl, the Eloquent Bowl" / "A Quiet Don, An Eloquent Don""Shizukanaru Don, Yūben'na Don" (静かなる丼、雄弁な丼) May 16, 2015
At the Shokugeki, Ikumi wows the audience with her A5 grade beef, while Soma is mocked for using discount supermarket beef. Ikumi completes her A5 Japanese Beef Roti Don first, and the judges are extremely impressed with the taste and quality of her beef. Soon after, Soma presents his Chaliapin Steak Don to the judges, who, after initially refusing to taste it, try his dish and are unable to stop eating, resulting in a unanimous win for Soma. Soma addresses Ikumi's dish, pointing out that she misunderstood the concept of donburi by placing too much emphasis on the beef and not the donburi as a whole, as the judges were too full from eating the beef to finish her rich garlic rice. With Soma's victory, Ikumi has her personal kitchen taken away from her by Erina, but develops a crush on Soma after he calls her by her nickname "Nikumi" (English Dub: Sweet Meat). Ikumi joins Don RS and is immediately outraged and embarrassed to learn Soma did not join the club with her, as he had only visited Don RS in the first place to research donburi recipes to add to his restaurant's menu.
8
"A Concerto of Concept and Creation" / "The Concerto of Inspiration and Imagination""Hassō to Sōzō no Kyōsōkyoku" (発想と創造の協奏曲) May 23, 2015
The first year students at Totsuki Academy go to a training camp as their first major challenge during which about half of the first year students usually receive a failing grade and are expelled. The students are given various challenges by alumni from the school, who are brought in to serve as judges. The first challenge for Soma's group, which includes Megumi and the Aldini twins Takumi and Isami,  is to make a dish that can be served at a Japanese restaurant using ingredients gathered from nature in the area surrounding the kitchen. They are judged by former Second Seat Hinako Inui. Takumi, heir to his family restaurant in Tuscany, "Trattoria Aldini", challenges Soma to a duel to see who can cook the better dish as they both specialize in diner-style dishes. Most of the students gather fish while the Aldini twins find a duck for their dish. They are the first to complete their dish and Inui passes them.
9
"The Breading that Showcases the Mountains" / "The Breading to Adorn the Mountains""Yama o Irodoru Koromo" (山を彩る衣) May 30, 2015
Having come up with an idea for their dish, Soma takes Inui's kaki peanuts on the understanding that any ingredient found in the area can be used. Soma and Megumi gather ingredients and make the Char Okakiage dish with their remaining 15 minutes, using the peanuts as a crust for the fish. Inui expresses her satisfaction and passes Soma and Megumi, but she does not declare a winner between Takumi and Soma as she is ordered to have her group depart immediately. Takumi vowes to challenge Soma to a Shokugeki should they meet again. The students return to the hotel where they are ordered to each cook 50 servings of a steak dinner to serve to the Bodybuilding, Football and Wrestling Clubs with no chance to rest after having spent all day cooking, and with the risk of immediate expulsion unless all 50 servings are cooked within 1 hour. Soma finishes quickly and heads to the public bath where he runs into Erina, having just finished her own bath.
10
"The Supreme Recette" / "The Heavenly Recette""Shijō no Rusetto" (至上のルセット) June 6, 2015
Soma apologizes for knocking Erina over, but Erina refuses his help thinking that she is letting her guard down. Soma meets alumnus and Totsuki Resort head chef Gin Dojima in the bath, who is surprised to see that Soma finished so quickly. Dojima wishes Soma good luck as Takumi Aldini enters the bath, with Aldini shocked to see Soma having casual conversation with a legend like Dojima. The next day, Soma and Megumi are assigned the task of making the Nine Vegetable Terrine, but this time individually instead of as partners. Alumnus Kojiro Shinomiya, who will be judging the dishes, tells the students to think of each other as enemies. In the mad rush to claim the best ingredients, the unassertive Megumi is pushed aside and finds only bruised heads of cauliflower remaining by the time she reaches the table. Thinking about what Soma would do in such a situation, Megumi uses wine vinegar to preserve the color and enhance the sweetness of the cauliflower. Shinomiya passes Soma, but fails Megumi for making unauthorized changes to the recipe. Soma defends Megumi fearlessly in the face of the intimidating Shinomiya, angering the latter, who reveals that he intentionally provided a limited number of good cauliflower heads to limit the number of students who could pass. A furious Soma challenges Shinomiya to a Shokugeki to get Megumi's expulsion rescinded.
11
"The Magician from the East""Higashi kara Kita Majutsushi" (東から来た魔術師) June 13, 2015
Shinomiya initially refuses Soma's challenge, however Dojima and Inui overhear and pressure him into accepting the challenge. Thus, Soma and Megumi battle Shinomiya in an unofficial Shokugeki under the condition that Megumi is the lead chef as this Shokugeki is designed to prove Megumi's worthiness as a chef. While Shinomiya makes his dish, Megumi starts to panic. Soma tells her to relax and to focus on making something that's representative of herself and not on what Shinomiya is doing. Megumi begins to cook her dish, with Soma serving as her sous-chef. Shinomiya presents his dish first, the Chou farci, and the judges give overwhelming praise to the dish. However Dojima is not satisfied by the dish as it was not one of Shinomiya's specialties. Megumi then presents her dish, the Rainbow Terrine.
12
"The Memory of a Dish""Hito-sara no Kioku" (ひと皿の記憶) June 20, 2015
Megumi manages to impress the judges with her Rainbow Terrine, which emphasises the maturity of vegetables. However, when it comes down to voting, all three judges vote for Shinomiya's dish based on the difference between their skill. Just then, Dojima gives his own vote towards Megumi's dish, stating that Shinomiya has allowed his cooking to become stale, and that his status as a world famous chef has prevented him from developing his skills any further. This is revealed in flashbacks related to how Shinomiya's climb to fame involved making sure his dishes were made exactly to his recipe, with no tolerance for any kind of change. When Shinomiya tries Megumi's dish for himself, he comes to understand how her dish was geared towards the needs of those eating it and puts in his own vote for Megumi. With Inui also casting her vote for Megumi, the Shokugeki ends in a tie, with Shinomiya revoking Megumi's expulsion. As Megumi returns to her concerned friends, Soma laments what is, in his eyes, a defeat.
13
"The Eggs Before Dawn""Yoake Mae no Tamago-tachi" (夜明け前の卵たち) June 27, 2015
Before the students have a chance to sleep for the night, Dojima announces the next task, in which the students must prepare a buffet-style egg dish to be served at breakfast early next morning. As everyone spends the night trying to come up with a recipe, Soma decides on a soufflé omelette, which is met with silent criticism from some of the other students. As breakfast comes the next day, it is revealed the judges will consist of the hotel's guests and staff, with students needing to hand out 200 servings of their dish in order to pass. While many of the students including Erina, Megumi, and Takumi all manage to impress with their dishes, Soma struggles to serve his dish to anyone.
14
"Metamorphose"/ "Metamorphosis""Metamorufōze" (メタモルフォーゼ) July 4, 2015
Due to the specific timing required for his soufflé omelette, Soma struggles to get any customers to try his dish before they end up deflating. With half an hour left in the challenge, Soma calmly analyzes the situtation and changes his approach, cooking in front of his customers in order to attract a crowd while also delivering the dish in its peak condition. Optimizing his preparation time to cook his omelettes as quickly as possible, Soma manages to complete his 200 servings with mere seconds to spare. Afterwards, Soma is introduced to Erina's cousin, Alice Nakiri, who considers both Soma and Erina her rivals. Following another task a few hours later, Dojima treats all the surviving students with a banquet to celebrate the end of the training camp.
15
"The Man Called "Carnage" / "The Man Called Demon""Syura to Yobareda Otoko" (『修羅』と呼ばれた男) July 18, 2015
As the students make their way home, Shinomiya decides to return to France to make his restaurant the best in Paris, while the other alumni explain how the training camp also serves as a recruitment ground to determine potential for future employment. Soma ends up missing his bus and has to hitch a ride back to school with Erina, who explains the next event, the Autumn Festival. Returning to the Polar Star Dormitory, Soma is surprised to see Joichiro, who is revealed to be an alumnus and former member of the Elite Ten who went by the name Jouchirou Saiba. As Joichiro treats the returning residents to a meal, Fumio explains that Joichiro and Dojima were once fellow Polar Star residents who were responsible for many of the luxuries the dorm has. It is also revealed that Erina has fond memories of Joichiro as well. Later that night, Joichiro tells Soma about his campus memories, filling him with more determination. The next morning, Joichiro decides to have a cooking contest against Soma.
16
"The Cook Who Traveled Thousands of Miles" / "The Chef Who's Crossed A Thousand Leagues""Banri o Kakeru Ryōrinin" (万里を駆ける料理人) July 25, 2015
With Fumio, Megumi, and Satoshi winding up as judges, Soma and Joichiro are challenged to use ingredients from the kitchen to make a light yet energizing breakfast dish that will wake them up. Soma presents an apple risotto, which provides a crisp taste which changes with the addition of black pepper. Joichiro, on the other hand, presents the unusual choice of ramen which, despite its heavy appearance, turns out to be a mellow and warming vegetarian dish, providing powerful flavor without meat or fish. The judges unanimously vote Joichiro's dish the winner, though Soma's dish also receives some praise. As Jouichirou takes his leave, he leaves a message recommending Soma visit the Yukihira Diner during the holiday.
17
"Sensual Fried Chicken" / "The Seductive Karaage""Kannō no Karaage" (官能の唐揚げ) August 1, 2015
Arriving back home, Soma temporarily re-opens Yukihira Diner to serve his loyal customers, including his childhood friend, Mayu Kurase, who has a crush on him. He learns that the Sumire Shopping District has been doing poor business lately due to the arrival of a popular karaage chain shop, Mozuya. Wanting to help revive the shopping district, Soma decides to come up with a competing karaage recipe, calling in Ikumi as his meat expert while Mayu winds up as his taste tester (due to the efforts of mutual friend Aki Koganei to set Mayu up with Soma). The three do some recon at Mozuya, where they find its CEO Kinu Nakamozu to be a spiteful woman, before beginning work on a karaage recipe of their own. As Soma takes Mayu's suggestion to use their shopping district location to their advantage, it is revealed that the figure behind Mozuya's success is one of the Elite Ten.
18
"The Fried Chicken of Youth" / "The Karaage of Youth""Seishun no Karaage" (青春の唐揚げ) August 8, 2015
Noting that the shopping district focuses more on walk-and-eat food, as opposed to Mozuya's packaged approach, Soma shifts his focus towards creating a karaage that can be enjoyed straight out of the fryer. Opting to go with chicken thigh meat with a chilli-based marinade, Soma gets inspiration from a bento shop owner and decides to serve his karaage in rice flour wraps with salad, providing enhanced flavor, portability, and appeal all at once. This brings a large amount of business, which in turns helps the rest of the shopping district come back to life, and Nakamozu has no choice but to admit defeat. Afterwards, Soma puts Mayu in charge of helping with the karaage's sales, having noticed her good qualities. Returning to the academy, Soma is brought before Mozuya's puppetmaster, Etsuya Eizan, the ninth seat of the Elite Ten, who informs him that he has been chosen for the Autumn Elections.
19
"The Chosen One""Erabareshi Mono" (選ばれし者) August 15, 2015
The contestants and rules for the Autumn Elections are announced, in which the sixty selected contestants are split into two groups which they must top in order to advance to the tournament phase. Megumi is approached by a girl named Miyoko Hojo, who was interested in her shokugeki with Shinomiya but becomes disappointed when she hears she was helped by Soma. After learning the first dish of the elections is a curry dish, Soma and Megumi pay a visit to Jun Shiomi, an instructor and former Polar Star alumna who specializes in curry and spices, along with her assistant Akira Hayama, who is also in the elections. Using Jun's theories on spices, Akira demonstrates how preparing the same ingredients of a curry dish in different ways can yield drastically different results. Wowed by the powerful flavors of Akira's curry, Soma becomes determined to beat him in the preliminaries.
20
"The Dragon Lies Down and Ascends the Skies""Ryū wa Fushi, Sora e Noboru" (龍は臥し、空へ昇る) August 22, 2015
With the challenge of creating a curry dish set, many of the contestants set off to visit their families and study up on spices during the remainder of the summer while Soma stays at the dorms to try out various combinations. The Autumn Election preliminaries soon arrive, and it is revealed that only the top four from each group will make it through to the tournament phase. As the contestants begin cooking, Soma appears to have fallen asleep.
21
"That Which is Known Yet Unknown" / "The Unknown Known""Michinaru Kichi" (未知なる既知) August 29, 2015
Soma awakens from his nap when he senses that his spice and vegetable infused rice is cooked to perfection. Meanwhile, Megumi brings out a monkfish for her dish, having learnt how to butcher it in order to help her family. With the cooking period over, the judging soon begins with a harsh panel of judges giving most of the students low scores. In Group B, Nao Sadatsuka, a somewhat creepy girl with an obsession with Erina, presents an extremely pungent laksa dish made using kusaya that secretly carries a delicious flavor under its strong odor, scoring 84 points as a result. Meanwhile, Erina's secretary and childhood friend Hisako Arato, who Nao has a rivalry with, presents a mutton curry made using medicinal cuisine which undoes the curse-like effects of Nao's curry, scoring 92 points.
22
"That Which Transcends the Norm" / "The One Who Surpasses the Ordinary""Nichijō o Koerumono" (日常を超えるもの) September 5, 2015
Miyoko scores 87 points with her pineapple cha-han, while Yuki gets 86 points for her wild game curry. Afterwards, the Aldini brothers face off against each other, with Isami presenting a curry calzone that scores 87 points while Takumi presents a curry pasta dish using tamari soy sauce and cheese filled pasta that scores 90 points. Alice then presents her deconstructed curry dish that leaves the judges bewildered and amazed, earning 95 points and taking the lead. Finally, Megumi presents her dish, monkfish dobu-jiru, which emphasises the taste of her hometown, earning her 88 points and landing her a spot in the main tournament alongside Alice, Hisako, and Takumi.
23
"The Unfolding Individual Competition" / "The Competition of the Blossoming Individuals""Hana Hiraku Ko no Kyōen" (花開く個の競演) September 12, 2015
Back in Group A, contestants are struggling to score as one of the main judges, Natsume Sendawara, keeps giving out zero scores. This streak of zeros soon breaks when Ryo Kurokiba, Alice's aide, presents a lobster curry made using a cognac base, earning 93 points. Next, Ikumi presents a Dongpo pork curry, using what she had learned from her Shokugeki with Soma to impress the judges with a complete dish and earning a score of 86. Afterwards, Ryoko presents a Dal curry made with charcoal-grilled natto and soy sauce rice malt, also scoring 86, while both Marui and Ibusaki earn 88 points with their white potage curry udon and smoked curry, respectively. Then, Akira presents his dish, which turns out to be a fragrance bomb.
24
"The Warriors' Banquet" / "The Banquet of Warriors""Senshi-tachi no Utage" (戦士たちの宴) September 26, 2015
Akira's dish, which has a powerful fragrance and also uses the power of holy basil and yogurt, earns a score of 94 from the judges, receiving a perfect 20 from two of them. Finally, Soma presents his own fragrance bomb, combining his past two failures into a curry risotto omurice containing a mango chutney. The dish earns Soma 93 points, landing him second place behind Akira. However, it is noted by the crowd that although Akira received a higher score overall, three of the five judges ranked Soma's dish higher than Akira's, with the implication being that in a Shokugeki, this would have given Soma the victory. Afterwards, when the contestants hold an afterparty celebrating and lamenting their victories and losses in the preliminaries, Soma becomes determined to improve his cooking finesse.

text: Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma: The Second Plate (Ni no Sara)[edit]

text:
No. in series

No. in season

English title[a] / Japanese translated titleOriginal Japanese title[b]

Original air date[10]

251
"That Which is Placed Within the Box" / "What Fills the Box""Sono Hako ni Tsumeru mono" (その箱に詰めるもの) July 2, 2016
The main tournament of the Autumn Elections gets underway with the theme of bentos, with the first match putting Soma against Alice. Using her array of scientific techniques and top-of-the-range equipment, Alice presents a temari sushi bento that uses acids from each piece to compliment the flavor of the next. Meanwhile, Soma presents his own take on a nori bento, using a molecular gastronomy technique he learned from a cheap candy product to make umami-packed nori spheres. Feeling the warmth of his dish better suited the bento theme, the judges declare Soma to be the winner.
262
"Interplay of Light & Shadow" / "The Interplay of Light and Shadow""Kōsakusuru Hikari to Kage" (交錯する光と影) July 9, 2016
Megumi goes up against Ryo in the second match, in which they must make a ramen dish using pre-prepared noodles. As both Megumi and Ryo decide to make ramen using seafood based broths, Alice recalls when she first met Ryo ten years ago. With the judges getting up close during the final stages, Ryo presents his Soupe de Poisson Ramen first, impressing the judges with a rich flavor made using crushed lobster shells. Despite the shift in the crowd's tone, Megumi concentrates on finishing her Kozuyu Chicken Soy Sauce Ramen, which draws out umami from scallops and simmered dried vegetables while also using a flavor-changing sauce.
273
"The Age of Kings" / "The Generation of Prodigies""“Gyoku” no Sedai" (『玉』の世代) July 16, 2016
Despite a close battle, Ryo is declared the winner, though Megumi is still praised for her efforts by the crowd. The next day, as Akira and Hisako face off in a hamburger duel, Soma meets the eighth contestant, Subaru Mimasaka, who joins him, Megumi, and Takumi in watching the battle. Hisako presents her dish, a soft-shelled turtle burger, but is defeated by Akira's kebab burger, which takes advantage of the burger's pickle aspect to enhance the flavor. Prior to the fourth match, Subaru provokes Takumi by insulting his brother, turning their match against each other into a Shokugeki.
284
"The Pursuer""Tsuiseki-sha" (追跡者) July 23, 2016
The Shokugeki between Takumi and Subaru commences with Takumi's mezzaluna on the line. With both sides making a semifreddo, Subaru uses his investigative approach to Shokugekis to make his own twists to improve on Takumi's recipe. Pressured over whether he can make his own twists within the limited cooking time, Takumi thinks back to his training and calms down. After Subaru impresses the judges with his twists, Takumi presents his semifreddo with an added layer of lemon curd made with olive oil. However, Subaru reveals he had predicted Takumi's actions and added his own secret ingredient; preserved lemons, claiming both his victory and Takumi's mezzaluna. Afterwards, Subaru shows up at Soma's dorm to challenge him to a Shokugeki in the semi-finals, putting up Takumi's mezzaluna for Soma's knife. However, Soma, having no respect for Subaru as a chef, raises the stakes, putting his career as a chef on the line for all the tools Subaru had won in his past 100 Shokugekis.
295
"The Secret of the First Bite" / "The Secret in the First Bite""Hitokuchime no Himitsu" (一口目の秘密) July 30, 2016
Soma is approached by journalist Mitsuru Sotsuda, who asks to cover him as he works on a beef stew recipe for his Shokugeki against Subaru. Agreeing to taste test after letting her borrow some manga, Erina berates Soma's dish, stating that it isn't suited for the match's main topic. Thinking Erina's criticism over, Soma gets a burst of inspiration after receiving some meat from Ikumi. The day of the Shokugeki soon arrives, with Soma realising the importance of making his dish stand out on the first bite and deciding to make his stew using oxtail. However, as a result of his profiling, Subaru predicts Soma's actions and also uses oxtail, bringing out his own twist on top of it.
306
"Morning Shall Come Again" / "Dawn Will Come Again""Asa wa Mata Kuru" (朝はまた来る) August 6, 2016
Subaru uses smoked bacon as a garniture for his stew, revealing that he got his information from hacking into Mitsuru's notes. Even when Soma reveals his intent to use various cuts of beef to improvise his dish on the fly, Subaru still appears to have predicted Soma's move, remaining confident in his bacon addition. Although the judges are impressed by Subaru's bacon garniture, Soma astounds them with his dish by using various meats for his garniture, revealing he had created the dish from everything he had learned so far, unanimously winning the match. As a result, Soma manages to return all the tools Subaru had taken back to their original owners, with Takumi deciding to leave his mezzaluna with Soma until he can win it back himself.
317
"Beasts That Devour Each Other"/ "Beasts Devouring Each Other""Kuraiau Kemono" (喰らい合う獣) August 13, 2016
Ryo and Akira face off against each other in the second semi-final match, in which they must make Western-style dishes. Akira presents his dish, Canard Apicius, using his combination of spices with duck to wow the judges. Meanwhile, Ryo serves up Eel Matelote, adding plums to provide an electrifying taste. With the judges evenly split on which dish to vote for, they declare that the final round will now be a three-way match between Soma, Akira, and Ryo, with the theme revealed to be pacific saury.
328
"The Battle That Follows the Seasons" / "Battle of Seasonality""Shun o Meguru Tatakai" (旬を巡る戦い) August 20, 2016
In preparation for the final, Soma goes with Megumi to the fish market, where they come across Ryo and Alice. There, they learn about the varying factors about picking the best pacific saury, which Ryo appears to be an expert on. Hearing that Akira also has a talent for picking out the best fish, Soma is left concerned about how to compete with both him and Ryo. After thinking over the time aspect of the fish, Soma ultimately decides on ageing his saury, asking for help from Ryoko, Ibusaki, and Ikumi due to their experience with ageing methods. Trying out each of the three methods; using malt rice, smoking, and high humidity, Soma manages to think of a way to surpass the others after a run-in with Fumio. The day of the final arrives, with Soma bringing out what appears to be a completely unrecognizable piece of saury.
339
"The Sword That Announces Fall" / "A Sword that Signals Autumn""Aki o Tsugeru Katana" (秋を告げる刀) August 27, 2016
Under a moonlit sky, the finals get underway, with Alice recalling the many cooking battles she's had with Ryo. With only half the cooking time passed, Ryo presents his dish; a cartoccio cooked in herb butter inside film bags. Next, Akira presents a seared carpaccio, which uses fire to unleash its powerful aroma which, contrary to everyone's expectations, only uses a single spice. Finally, Soma presents his dish; Salted Rice Bran Pacific Saury Rice, which he learned from seeing Fumio's pickles. Just as it seems his dish has failed to impress the judges, Soma brings out his dish's true edge.
3410
"A New Jewel" / "A New Genius""Aratanaru "Gyoku"" (新たなる玉) September 3, 2016
Soma presents his dish's missing element, a white soup made from soy milk that turns the rice dish into a creamy porridge, enhancing the already existing flavors. Meanwhile, Satoshi, who deduces that Eizan was the one who drove Subaru to provoke Soma, tells him that it was Soma's drive to never give up that got him so far. As the judges make their decision, Akira recalls how Jun brought him out of the slums and helped him become the chef he is today. With originality being the deciding factor between the three dishes, Akira is declared the winner of the Autumn Elections for his specialty dish. Afterwards, Soma speaks with Joichiro, stating his determination to continue finding his own way of cooking. A few days later, as Soma spends more time with Akira and Ryo to improve himself, Jun informs them about the Stagiaire training program for first year students.
3511
"The Stagiaire""Sutajiēru" (スタジエール) September 10, 2016
With the Stagiaire program requiring students to take up residence at various restaurants outside of the school while also leaving their own impression, Soma ends up getting paired with Hisako, who has been feeling inferior since losing the Autumn Elections, as they are sent to Mitamura Western Restaurant. Immediately, they discover that the restaurant is struggling to keep up with the barrages of orders from commuting customers, but Soma manages to use his experience to take control and keep everyone organised. Meanwhile, Erina and Megumi are sent to a French restaurant, where Erina instantly takes command of the kitchen, while Megumi finds her own way to make improvements. As Hisako becomes more settled with her role, Soma believes that the restaurant needs to change, so that they don't struggle again once the Stagiaire is over. With the staff unwilling to cut down their large menu, Soma suggests that they try switching to a reservations-only basis, allowing them to better cater to their customers. After passing the first stage of the Stagiare, Soma encourages Hisako to stop feeling ashamed of her defeat and return to Erina's side, aiming to stand alongside her rather than only follow behind.
3612
"The Magician Returns" / "The Magician Once More""Majutsu-shi Futatabi" (魔術師再び) September 17, 2016
The next step of the Stagiaire reunites Soma with Shinomiya, who is opening a Tokyo branch of his French restaurant, Shino's. At the restaurant begins its first pre-open day, Soma witnesses firsthand the intensity of working in Shinomiya's kitchen and struggles to keep up with the rest of the staff. Thinking over his failures, Soma spends the rest of the week getting prep done early so he can ask the other staff members for advice on how to become more efficient in the kitchen and learn new techniques. On the final day, Soma decides to enter a competition to create a dish for Shino's menu that he can call his specialty.
3713
"Pomp & Circumstance" / "Pomp and Circumstance""Ifudōdō" (威風堂々) September 24, 2016
At the end of the pre-open's final day, Shinomiya calls in his fellow alumni, along with his mother, for one final service, recalling what inspired him to pursue French cuisine. As the competition finally arrives, Soma uses about everything he's learned to put together a French take on a chicken and egg rice bowl using a quail stuffed with risotto. Despite ultimately deciding that dish isn't good enough as it is, Shinomiya helps Soma refine his recipé so that it can become an item on his menu, leading Soma to pass the Stagiaire. With the Stagiaire over, Soma returns to Totsuki, ready to take on anyone who challenges him to a Shokugeki.

text: Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma: The Third Plate (San no Sara)[edit]

text:
No. in series

No. in season

Title[b]

Original air date[c]

381
"Challenging the Elite Ten""Jukketsu ni Idomu" (十傑に挑む) October 4, 2017[11]
In response to Kuga's condescending provocation at the Autumn Leaves Viewing, Soma decides to show off his cooking prowess in the upcoming Moon Festival which involves the setting up booths by groups or individuals on school grounds. Deciding to go up against Kuga directly, Soma approaches Miyoko Hojo, who also specialises in Chinese cuisine like Kuga. Miyoko explains that while she specialises in all forms of Chinese cuisine, Kuga's focus is on Sichuan spicy cuisine, and takes him to his mainstay, the Chinese Cuisine Research Society. Soma is shocked to see many chefs working in perfect unison and precision, trained all by Kuga himself. After tasting ten identical speciality dishes of mapo tofu, Soma gets more determined than ever to beat Kuga, going up front against him by claiming the booth area directly in front of his, and serving Chinese cuisine as well. Just as Soma submits his application form, Erina reveals to him that he will get expelled if his booth loses money, much to Soma's disbelief.
392
"Má and Là""Mā to Rā" (『麻』と『辣』) October 11, 2017[11]
The preparation for the Moon Festival is abuzz with Soma's indirect declaration of war on Kuga. This prompts the initially apathetic Alice to join in the festival, by capitalising on Jun's maternal instinct to include her and Ryo in the booth run by Shiomi Seminar, much to the annoyance of Hayama. After involuntarily tasting Soma's version of mapo tofu, Erina superciliously explains to him the concept of `Má' (麻, lit. hot) and `là (辣, lit. spiciness) in Sichuan cuisine, unintentionally giving Soma useful information, while Alice and Hisako explain that spiciness works on vanilloids receptors different from the sense of taste, rather on the sense of pain, which has addictive and medicinal effects. Back at the dorm, Soma starts experimenting with Megumi to catch up with Kuga's level; but ended up just making overly spicy dishes. The next day, Hojo lends them the Chinese department's open clay pot oven and they plan to make Hujiao bing to attract customers with its unique method of cooking.
403
"Moon Festival""Gekkyōsai" (月饗祭) October 18, 2017[11]
The first day of the Moon Festival commences and Kuga's restaurant immediately gets a long line of customers, while Soma manages to impress the few he is getting. The booths run by Isshiki and the Polar Star Dormitory, the Don RS by Ikumi and the pop-up Trattoria Aldini by the Aldini brothers all seem to be going well. By the end of the day, Kuga's restaurant has clinched first place in terms of sales in the Central area, and the only two booths that lost money were Soma's and Shiomi Seminar's, leaving Erina appalled as they were all competitors who made it to the main tournament of the Autumn Elections. Day 2 passes and Kuga's restaurant takes the first place again, while Soma manages to climb up five rungs from last place with the introduction of a new noodle dish created by slicing up the dough for the Hujiao bing into noodles and pairing them with garlic, shrimp stock, and the ground pork filling, improvising from ta-a noodles. Meanwhile, Alice decides to start over and cooperate with Hayama to make a dish that will satisfy customers.
414
"A Pride of Young Lions""Wakaki Shishi-tachi no Mure" (若き獅子たちの群れ) October 25, 2017[11]
Day 3 passes without much improvement and Soma notices that even though Kuga is getting steady business, the long waiting time and the requirement for quick eating at peak times frustrates the diners. With Tomita's help on Day 4, Soma adds tables and chairs to his booth. Soma adds a remade version of his Yukihira-version of mapo tofu by adding noodles and a giant mystery meatball with curry in it. Its aroma and intriguing appearance appeals to Kuga's frustrated customers and slowly but surely, they begin to defect to his booth. Just as customer numbers begin to get out-of-hand, Mimasaka comes to help after image-training at Soma's restaurant. As Megumi handles customer service and evening falls, their friends from other booths and members of Megumi's Regional Cuisine RS arrive to help cook and draw in more customers respectively. Together, they pass Day 4 and defeat Kuga's restaurant in terms of sales in that area, clinching first place. Shiomi Seminar's booth also finally manages to attract customers and make up for their losses.
425
"The Darkening Dinner Table""Kageriyuku Shokutaku" (翳りゆく食卓) November 1, 2017[11]
Kuga beats Soma again on the 5th and last day of the Moon Festival, but he is not satisfied. A flashback reveals how Kuga had also challenged the Elite Ten as a first-year at the previous Autumn Leaves Viewing, with Tsukasa Eishi surprisingly accepting. While Kuga lost, he made a deal with Tsukasa: if Kuga clinched first place in sales in the Central area every day of the Moon Festival, just like Tsukasa did the previous year, they should have a rematch. Both sides lost, as Soma also didn't achieve his goal of beating Kuga in total sales. For consolation, 2nd Seat Rindou Kobayashi reserves a table for Soma and Megumi at Tsukasa's booth, consisting of a nine-course meal, all prepared by Tsukasa himself. Intrigued by the different level of dining the uptown area offers, Soma facetiously visits Erina's booth; only to find the Erina trembling in fear and her diners shocked by the unexpected appearance of her elitist father, Azami Nakiri. Soma and Megumi witness Azami mocking the gourmands that have come to taste Erina's food, and declaring himself the new headmaster of Totsuki, ousting Senzaemon after revealing that he has the support of 6 members of the Elite Ten.
436
"The Imprisoned Queen""Toraware no Joō" (囚われの女王) November 8, 2017[11]
Gin and Joichiro meet coincidentally after many years, and in the midst of their reunion, Gin is informed of the replacement of Senzaemon by Azami, who was revealed to be the 3rd Seat behind the two of them. The news of Azami's new posting spreads like wildfire around the school, much to the shock of the students and the public. Azami dismisses Hisako from her post as Erina's secretary, with Erina unable to object. Sanzaemon meets with Soma, and the former director reflects on Erina's childhood as a happy little girl and how she was brainwashed, abused, and isolated by Azami to polish her "God's Tongue" to what it is today, leaving her traumatized by his presence. Azami also ripped up all the letters Alice sent from Scandinavia. Azami was exiled, but continues to build his strong base in other parts of the world. Although Soma seemed asympathetic about Erina's situation, he reiterates to Senzaemon his vow from when he first met Erina: to make her say his food is delicious. As Erina begins to despair alone in her room, Alice, Ryo and Hisako arrive to break her out of the Nakiri estate, and ultimately find refuge for her at Polar Star Dormitory. Upon learning about her past, the other residents' accepted Erina as part of the dorm.
447
"It Begins""Hibuta wa Kirareta" (火蓋は切られた) November 15, 2017[11]
Azami announces the disbandment of all research societies and independent bodies in Totsuki, much to the horror of the student body and staff, and the formation of the Central Gourmet Society, or Central for short, a new authoritarian body that will decide what students should cook and create. Ninth seat, Eizan Etsuya, arrives at the Polar Star dorm with his goons to announce its closure. However, Soma explicitly asks if a Shokugeki can overturn the decision. In response, Eizan accepts and broadcasts live a Shokugeki with Kabutoyama Tetsuji, head of the Skewer Research Society, only to reveal that he has bribed the judges, and nefariously declares that the Shokugeki is dead. While the dorm residents lament their fate, Soma obstinately issues a Shokugeki challenge to Eizan for the survival of the dorm. As their Shokugeki begins, Eizan secretly directs his men to forcibly vacate the dorm, aggravating Soma.
458
"The Alchemist""Arukimisuta" (錬金術師 (アルキミスタ)) November 22, 2017[11]
Soma refuses to be intimidated by Eizan's tactics and continues cooking, infuriating Eizan. Meanwhile, the Polar Star dorm residents band together and repel Eizan's thugs. After further taunts from Soma, Eizan finally decides to cook seriously. With Satsuma Jidori Chicken as the theme, Eizan serves a Hainanese chicken rice dish that impresses both the judges and Soma. Soma responds with a special chicken wingtip gyoza dish that uses pork fat, parmesan cheese, and ketchup as special ingredients. He dares Eizan to try his dish, and as Eizan takes a bite, he reluctantly acknowledges that Soma's dish tastes good. Seeing Eizan's reaction and tempted by the smell of the food, the judges cautiously and curiously tastes Soma's dish. Amazed by its unique delicious flavor, despite unorthodox cooking methods, the judges vote unanimously for Soma. Eizan is forced to admit defeat, and Soma declares to the school that he will battle anybody who threatens his friends and Polar Star, including the Elite Ten.
469
"Hunting the Survivors""Zantōgari" (残党狩り) November 29, 2017[11]
With Soma's victory, Eizan's thugs are called off and Polar Star is saved. The residents celebrates the victory, along with Erina, Hisako, Takumi, and Isami.  Isshiki then arrives and explains that thanks to Soma's victory, Central is now allowing school organizations to issue shokugeki requests which will be overseen by neutral judges. Several days later, Isshiki is dismissed from the Elite Ten, along with Kuga and 3rd seat Megishima, as they voted against Azami's installation. Meanwhile, the rest of the Elite Ten and other Central members begin to "hunt the survivors" by defeating the other school societies in their Shokugeki matches. Soma and his friends decide to observe the matches in order to gain intelligence on their potential opponents. As all clubs lost their matches to Central, Alice and Ryo arrive for the final Shokugeki of the day. Alice explains that she had inadvertently become the head of the Cutting Edge Cuisine RS, making her target in the hunt. Ryo accepted the challenge on her behalf, and prepares to face off against Central member Kusunoki Rentaro, with the main ingredient being salmon.
4710
"The Salmon Will Dance""Sake wa Odoru" (鮭は踊る) December 6, 2017[11]
As Ryo prepares his dish, it is revealed that Rentaro is an expert in low temperature cooking and makes use of a combi steamer and cryomill to create a salmon confit flamme with a side of salmon ice cream. Ryo responds by baking a coulibiac. As the judges deliberate on which dish is better, Rentaro impetuously boasts that he had submerged his salmon in olive oil while cooking it, which would prevent any of the moisture from escaping the meat and therefore preserving all of its flavor. However, the judges declares that Ryo's dish is superior. Ryo reveals that he had inserted a spinach crêpe, and a special spice mix he learnt from his stagiaire experience in a curry restaurant, into his coulibiac. In addition, Ryo's blend of various uneven flavors together accentuated the taste of his salmon, giving a dynamic sensation far better than Rentaro's salmon. Ryo was declared the winner, as Azami enters the arena.
4811
"Der Weiße Ritter der Tafel""Shokutaku no Shirokishi" (食卓の白騎士) December 13, 2017[11]
Erina shows up at the arena just as Alice berates Azami publicly, and tells Erina to stand up for herself. The next day, Soma volunteers to be Tsukasa Eishi's sous chef during class, impressing Tsukasa with his advanced skills. At the end of the class, Tsukasa arrogantly offers Soma to join Central as his assistant, and Soma blatantly refuses. Tsukasa then challenges Soma to an informal Shokugeki and wagers his position as first seat, in return for Soma joining Central if he loses, while Erina, Hisako, and Megumi hide and watch from a distance. Soma then asks Tsukasa what Azami and Central's true plans are, and he reveals that Azami's ultimate long-term goal is to eliminate all restaurants in Japan and replace them with the fine dining gourmet eateries that only he approves of. Realizing that this means the end of many local restaurants, such as Yukihira Diner, Soma resolves to beat Tsukasa so he won't be forced to join Central.
4912
"The One Who Aims for the Summit""Itadaki wo Mezasu Mono" (頂を目指す者) December 20, 2017[11]
Soma and Tsukasa finish their dishes, with Soma making a charcoal grilled venison thigh with sweet chestnut sauce, while Tsukasa makes roast venison back strap with peppercorn and berry sauce. Erina, Hisako, and Megumi act as judges and they reluctantly declare Tsukasa's dish as superior. However, Tsukasa changes his mind and decides not to force Soma into Central, citing how Soma's unorthodox and non-wavering cooking style will actually hinder him. The second Survivor Hunt begins a few days later, with Megumi, Ikumi, and Marui managing to save their respective clubs. That night, Azami pays a visit to Polar Star, where he is coldly received. As he leaves, Soma confronts Azami, who reveals that he was part of the Polar Star's Golden Generation, and he revered Joichiro and his cooking. Soma then tells Azami that Joichiro is his father, right as Erina walks in on the conversation, shocking both of them. Intrigued and curious, Azami then arrogantly declares the revolution he is planning is meant to bring down the food culture that "ruined" Joichiro, leaving both Soma and Erina wondering what happened between Joichiro and Azami.
5013
"Advancement Exam""Shinkyū Shiken" (進級試験) April 9, 2018[12]
Tsukasa announces that with the end of the second semester, the Advancement Exam will take place for first year students. However, unlike past exams, all students are guaranteed to pass if they stick to the curriculum and follow Central's orders. Soma and his friends realize that Central will be using the Advancement Exam to eliminate all of the rebels who oppose Azami. As the Polar Star residents begin to lose hope at the situation, Erina visits Soma and confides to him that it was Joichiro's cooking that inspired her to be a chef, but with Azami's return, she's become conflicted over whether she truly wants to cook or not. Soma decides to inspire Erina again by cooking a special Yukihira dish: a tempura bowl that utilizes a fried frozen egg. Upon tasting it, Erina is reminded of how happy she felt tasting Joichiro's cooking and resolves to oppose Azami. Coming up with a plan, she leaves without telling Soma how his dish tasted. The next morning, Erina gathers all of the Polar Star residents and tells them that she will help them all pass the Advancement Exam.
5114
"Onward on the Totsuki Train""Tōtsuki-ressha wa Iku" (遠月列車は行) April 16, 2018[12]
Erina tells the Polar Star residents that the Advancement Exam will take place in Hokkaido, with the students traveling from the south end of the island to the north as they clear the stages of the exam. She then spends the next week teaching Polar Star everything she knows about Hokkaido ingredients and cuisine. On the day of the first stage of the Exam, all of the students are separated into teams, with Soma being teamed with Megumi, Alice, Ryo, and Yoshino. The first stage requires that teams prepare a single salmon dish, but Soma's team is deliberately given the lowest quality salmon. Since salmon is out of season in the winter, there is no way to get a fresh one through regular means. However, thanks to Erina's lessons, Soma's team remember that salmon can be frozen in brine when they are caught in the summer, preserving their flavor in the winter. They manage to procure one such salmon from a local vendor and prepare a Yuan-style Grilled Tokishirazu Salmon dish, which is so delicious that the judge has no choice but to allow them to pass. In addition, the other rebel teams manage to overcome Central's interference. The students then proceed to the second stage of the Exam on a special train. Soma visits Erina during the night and they catch a view of the starry night sky. Erina realizes that she no longer feels annoyed while she's in Soma's presence.
5215
"Jeanne d'Arc Rises""Tachiagaru Onna Kishi" (立ち上がる女騎士) April 23, 2018[12]
Soma and his friends arrive in Sapporo for the second stage of the exam, where they are tasked with making a noodle dish. However, the test is designed so that the rebels must go last, meaning that most of the ingredients have been used up by the other students and the arrival of a heavy blizzard prevents them from getting more from the outside. Regardless, Soma and his friends remember Erina's lessons and use leftover potatoes to make gosetsu udon. The examiner reluctantly lets them pass, noting how Erina has rallied the rebels under her leadership. The students then are allowed to explore Sapporo, and Erina takes the time to fully appreciate the new friends she's made. When they return to the train, they find out that the rebels have been split up on separate trains. Soma, Erina, Megumi, and Takumi, find themselves on a train with Rindou, who informs them that their next challenge is to defeat the newest Elite 10 member, Akira.
5316
"Revenge Match""Ribenji Matchi" (リベンジ・マッチ) April 30, 2018[12]
Soma is tasked with facing against Akira for the next stage in the exam, and Dojima arrives to judge, announcing that the theme ingredient will be bear meat. Soma quickly learns that bear meat is more difficult to cook than other meats due to the strong smell and gamey taste it produces, which gives Akira the advantage. Kuga then arrives and assists Soma by providing him a number of spices to work with, and Soma heads out into the mountains to observe the habitat of a bear when he figures out that he can use schisandra berries to counter the smell of the bear meat. However, Akira arrives and shows how he has already come up with the optimal spice mix to counter the smell, incorporating Cajun spices. He then further boasts that he will defeat Soma for a third time, just like in the Autumn Elections.
5417
"The Umami Tightrope""Umami no Tsunawatari" (旨味の綱渡り) May 7, 2018[12]
Soma talks with Dojima, who reveals that Akira was coerced into joining Central due to Azami holding all of Shiomi's research hostage, and the only way Akira could save Shiomi's career is to defeat to Soma. Angered, Soma chastises Akira for giving up to Azami so easily and challenges him to not to hold back. Meanwhile, the rest of the rebels with the exception of Erina are forced to face off against other members of the Elite 10 as well, and Kuga points out that it is unrealistic to expect all of them to pass. The third stage of the exam begins and both Soma and Akira decide to create fried bear dishes. Akira prepares a special sauce incorporating cajun spice and juniper berries, which alone is enough to impress the judges. Soma finishes his dish first, a fried bear meat cutlet, which impresses the judges due to the perfect taste and how Soma was willing to take a risk by using the smelliest, yet tastiest parts of the bear. However, Akira then presents his own dish, which everyone stares at in awe.
5518
"For Whom""Dare ga Tame ni" (誰が為に) May 14, 2018[12]
The judges taste Akira's chicken fried bear, and conclude that it is superior to Soma's cutlet, but they must also test the accompanying sauces. Akira's juniper berry gravy is powerful, but Soma creates a superior sauce using caramelized honey and balsamic vinegar. The final vote is close, but is ultimately decided in Soma's favor due to his particular use of honey from an amur cork tree, which Soma had figured out through trial and error and scouring the nearby mountains for potential ingredients. After being chastised by Dojima, Shiomi, and Soma, Akira comes to realize that he had lost sight of why he wanted to cook in the first place when he joined Central, as he had genuinely enjoyed cooking with his classmates and friends. Afterwards, one of Azami's aides arrives and informs Akira that he has been expelled from the school due to his loss. In addition, a number of the rebels have also lost their matches and been expelled.
5619
"Declaration of War""Sensen Fukoku" (宣戦布告) May 21, 2018[12]
With the exception of Soma, Erina, Megumi, and Takumi, all of the rebels lose their matches against the Elite 10 and are expelled. They decide that the only way to overturn the expulsions is to challenge the Elite 10 to a shokugeki and win their seats, but they do not have anything to offer to Azami to convince him to agree to the challenge. Joichiro and Senzaemon then arrive and propose a team Shokugeki called a Regiment de Cuisine. Joichiro offers to join Central if his team loses. Tempted by Joichiro's offer, Azami agrees. Joichiro, Sanzaemon, and Dojima then proceed to personally train Soma and his friends, starting with a 3v3 cooking match with Joichiro, Soma, and Erina competing against Dojima, Megumi, and Takumi to cook Hachis Parmentier with an additional rule that nobody may speak to one another. In addition, both Joichiro and Dojima take steps that diverge from the standard hachis parmentier recipe to further test Soma and his friends.
5720
"Erina's Diligent Studies""Erina no Kensan" (えりなの研鑽) May 28, 2018[12]
Soma, Erina, Megumi, and Takumi quickly catch on to what Joichiro and Dojima intend to do with their dishes and both teams manage to complete their own unique take on hachis parmentier. However, instead of judging the dishes traditionally, Senzaemon has both teams taste each other's dishes and decide on winner among themselves. Upon tasting each other's dishes, both teams insist that the other is the winner, and Senzaemon declares it a draw, pointing out how the exercise was successful in fostering teamwork among them and convincing Erina to leave her comfort zone and improvise in the kitchen. The group then goes to meet Azami to finalize the rules of the Team Shokugeki, with both sides agreeing that the rebels will take the Elite 10 seats if they win, or be expelled and have Joichiro join Central if they lose. However, Azami attempts to pressure Erina into siding with the Elite 10, since she is still a member. After some hesitation, Erina resigns from her seat and decides to join the rebel team. Azami adds one final condition that if the rebels lose, then Erina must join Central as well. With the rules decided, both sides leave to prepare for the upcoming showdown.
5821
"The Pioneer of the Wastelands""Kōya o Hiraku Mono" (荒野を拓く者) June 4, 2018[12]
As Erina sleeps, Joichiro and Dojima tell Soma, Megumi, and Takumi about their time at Polar Star and with Azami. As a student, Joichiro proved to be a cooking prodigy, quickly earning a seat in the Elite Ten in his first year as well as winning countless cooking competitions and Shokugekis, culminating in him singlehandedly defeating over 100 opponents in a Team Shokugeki, earning him a reputation as the "Demon". However, all of the continued success began to take its toll on Joichiro, as every win put additional pressure on him to perform even better the next time. He then suffered a nervous breakdown after realizing he lost his passion for cooking. Sensing the peril Joichiro was in, Senzaemon advised that Joichiro take a leave of absence to rediscover his passion. After the story, Joichiro challenges Soma to another cooking match. As Dojima watches on, he silently thanks Soma for helping reignite Joichiro's passion for cooking.
5922
"To the Final Battleground""Kessen no Chi e" (決戦の地へ) June 11, 2018[12]
Right before the Team Shokugeki, Soma manages to recruit Satoshi, Kuga, Megashima, and Subaru to their team to make the match an 8 vs 8. As the Team Shokugeki begins, Soma, Satoshi, and Megashima are matched against Nene and two replacement Elite 10 members, with Soma having to face Nene. Unfortunately, Soma draws soba as the cooking theme, which happens to be Nene's specialty. Soma decides to counter this disadvantage by making an instant yakisoba dish, which he feels will do a better job conveying his cooking than a regular soba dish. Meanwhile, Satoshi battles against Jurio over an eel dish. Jurio soon begins throwing insults at Satoshi, wondering why a cook from the prominent Isshki family would associate with the "lowlifes" of Polar Star. This angers Satoshi and he decides to begin cooking seriously to completely crush Jurio.
6023
"Bearing Polar Star Dormitory""Kyokuseiryō o Seotte" (極星寮を背負って) June 18, 2018[12]
As the match goes on, it is revealed that Satoshi and Nene are actually childhood friends, though Nene denies it. Officials from the World Gourmet Organization arrive to be the judges for the match. Jurio finishes first and presents his eel stew dish, which impresses the judges. Satoshi then presents his Hitsumabushi dish, which incorporates ingredients created by the Polar Star students. The resulting dish easily defeats Jurio's, and Jurio is forced to apologize to Polar Star for insulting them. Nene then promises that she will challenge Satoshi in the next round, revealing that she had always felt resentment against him due to his natural ability to excel at anything with little effort. However, Satoshi warns her that she will lose against Soma. Meanwhile, Soma brings out a wok and begins stir frying his soba, shocking everybody.
6124
"The Basis for Strength""Kyōshataru Yuen" (強者たる所以 (ゆえん)) June 25, 2018[12]
Nene presents her soba dish, which includes kakiage sakura shrimp tempura, which impresses the judges and they acknowledge her mastery of soba. Soma then presents his instant yakisoba dish, which also impresses them with the number of flavors it manages to contain. Soma reveals he was inspired by the instant noodles he used to eat as a child, and how he continually experimented with ways to make them taste better. He also decided to use sanbako flour which can withstand being stir fried rather than the more delicate ichibanko flour Nene used. The judges ultimately decide in Soma's favor, pointing out that the relatively cold temperature of the arena affected the taste of Nene's soba while Soma's yakisoba retained all of its taste. Satoshi tells Nene that her dedication to a single method of making soba had made her too narrow-minded and inflexible to consider variables like the effects of ambient temperature on her dish. Meanwhile, Megashima defeats his opponent, resulting in the rebels completely sweeping the first bout. Azami announces a short break before the second bout, and both sides prepare for the next battle while Soma declares that he will make a dish that will defeat Tsukasa.

text: OVAs[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Release date

1
"Takumi's Downtown Battle""Takumi no Shitamachi Gassen" (タクミの下町合戦) May 2, 2016
This episode takes place sometime between the first and second season. The Aldini brothers head out for a trip to Tokyo Tower, where other students such as Alice, Ryo, and the boys from Polar Star Dormitory, with the exception of Sōma, are visiting too. Afterwards, they encountered a pretentious and disenchanted Urara working in a cosplay restaurant, before bumping into the girls from Polar Star Dormitory and have lunch together at a traditional Japanese restaurant. When Isami requests cheese with his rice, an old man scoffs at the Aldini brothers for not respecting Japanese culture, and Takumi requests a food battle with him. The former's food, although nostalgic, is lacking in skill compared to the Aldini brothers', and he confesses that Takumi reminded him of his daughter's fiancé, a blonde-haired foreigner, whom he objected strictly against her marrying. After a long day, the brothers return home.
2
"Erina's Summer Vacation""Natsuyasumi no Erina" (夏休みのエリナ) July 4, 2016
This episode takes place sometime before the second season, before the Autumn Elections Preliminaries. Erina is at a loss for what to do during summer vacation after finishing her schedule early for the day, so Alice takes her to a public pool. There, Alice enjoys watching Erina embarrass herself with wearing an old coat, a bathing suit in public, and admitting that she admires someone. Alice also attempts to educate Erina on the concept of love despite not knowing about it herself. In the end, Erina decides to focus on perfecting her cooking instead of understanding love. Meanwhile, the girls at Polar Star Dormitory are practically dying from the summer heat and stress for the Autumn Elections Preliminaries, and make a few failed attempts to cool down until the boys, including the Aldini brothers and Ikumi, arrive and take them to a cool stream where they eat shaved ice, and then barbeque. Likewise, Jun is prepared to pass out from heat stroke until Hayama generously makes her some cold porridge with soup.
3
"Autumn Moon's Chance Encounter""Shūgetsu no Meguriai" (秋月のめぐり逢い) May 2, 2017
This episode takes place sometime after the second season, after the first years completed their Stagiaire assignments. The Polar Star dorm residents, along with the Aldini brothers, Ikumi, Kurokiba, and Hayama, take a trip to the hot springs inn where Megumi did her Stagiaire.  Arriving at the Inn, Megumi and Isshiki showcased their table tennis finesse. With all of the Inn's cooks suffering accidents, the Polar Star gang and the others took over the kitchen for the arriving guests: Erina, Alice and Hisako; who are impressed by the finely crafted meal supposedly made by amateurs, not knowing it is made by Tōtsuki students. Yukihira, intrigued by the legendary fish dubbed the 'River Master' in the nearby river, invite Kurokiba and Hayama to a fishing match, much to the chagrin of Takumi who tries hopelessly to catch up to them; only to be dragged along in the water and coming back empty-handed. Later at night, Megumi inadvertently met Erina in the hot springs bath, realising that the meal that she and the others cooked is for Erina.
4
"Tōtsuki Elite Ten""Tōtsuki Jukketsu" (遠月十傑) July 4, 2017
This episode takes place after the Stagiaire event and just before the start of the third season. The Autumn Election quarter-finalists meet the Elite Ten Council at the annual Autumn Leaves Viewing event, excluding Erina, who sits with her fellow freshmen. With the exception of Megumi, the antagomism between the first years are apparent, until the Elite Ten shows up; displaying a much more tense resentment towards each other. Immediately, Soma extends a Shokugeki challenge to all of them, but they simply laugh it off, all except the Eight Seat, Kuga Terunori, who jokingly asks Soma to try and show some skill that outshines him cooking-wise for him to accept a challenge. The Fourth Seat, Akanegakubo Momo, made them all a sweet treat for the meeting, which gave the freshmen a glimpse of how far ahead the Elite Ten chefs are. Nonetheless, taking this experience to heart, they became much more persevered, and Soma looks for and awaits the opportunity for Kuga to live up to his word.
5
"Erina at Polar Star Dormitory""Kyokuseiryō no Erina" (極星寮のえりな) May 2, 2018
Bundled with the 29th volume of the Shokugeki no Souma manga. It tells the story of what happened to Erina after she ran away from her father to the Polar Star Dormitory.

text: Songs[edit]

text: Opening theme

tag: p

text:
Title

Lyrics

Composition

Arranger

Artist

Episodes

"Kibō no Uta" (希望の唄, The Song of Hope)
Wataru Terauchi
Kengo Ōhama
N/A
Ultra Tower[13]
1 - 14, 24, OVA 1

"Rising Rainbow" (ライジングレインボウ, Raijingu Reinbō)
Misokkasu
Misokkasu
N/A
Misokkasu
15 - 24, OVA 2

Rough Diamonds
Matsui Youhei
Oota Masatomo
Oota Masatomo
SCREEN mode
25 - 37, OVA 3 - OVA 4

Braver
Zaq
Zaq
N/A
Zaq[14]
38 - 49

Symbol (シンボル)
PON
N/A
Luck Life
Luck Life[15]
50 -

text: Ending themes

text:
Title

Lyrics

Composition

Arranger

Artist

Episodes

"Spice" (スパイス, Supaisu)
Ichirō
Tokyo Karan Koron
Tokyo Karan Koron
Tokyo Karankoron[16]
1 - 14, 24, OVA 1

"Satchan's Sexy Curry" (さっちゃんのセクシーカレー, Satchan no Sekushī Karē)
Seiko Ōmori
Seiko Ōmori
N/A
Seiko Ōmori
15 - 23, OVA 2

"Snowdrop" (スノードロップ)
Kimiko
Jun Sasaki
Nano Ripe and Masayuki Fukutomi
Nano Ripe[17][18]
26 - 37, OVA 3 - OVA 4

"Kyokyo Jitsujitsu" (虚虚実実)
Kimiko
Jun Sasaki
Nano Ripe
Nano Ripe
38 - 49

Atoria (アトりア)
Takao
鳴風
N/A
Fo'xTails
50 -


document_title: Meristem

question_text: which meristematic tissue is found in root and shoot apex

text: Meristem

text: Apical meristems[edit]

text: The number of layers varies according to plant type. In general the outermost layer is called the tunica while the innermost layers are the corpus. In monocots, the tunica determine the physical characteristics of the leaf edge and margin. In dicots, layer two of the corpus determine the characteristics of the edge of the leaf. The corpus and tunica play a critical part of the plant physical appearance as all plant cells are formed from the meristems. Apical meristems are found in two locations: the root and the stem. Some Arctic plants have an apical meristem in the lower/middle parts of the plant. It is thought that this kind of meristem evolved because it is advantageous in Arctic conditions[citation needed].

text: Shoot apical meristems[edit]

text: The source of all above-ground organs. Cells at the shoot apical meristem summit serve as stem cells to the surrounding peripheral region, where they proliferate rapidly and are incorporated into differentiating leaf or flower primordia.

text: The shoot apical meristem is the site of most of the embryogenesis in flowering plants. Primordia of leaves, sepals, petals, stamens and ovaries are initiated here at the rate of one every time interval, called a plastochron. It is where the first indications that flower development has been evoked are manifested. One of these indications might be the loss of apical dominance and the release of otherwise dormant cells to develop as auxiliary shoot meristems, in some species in axils of primordia as close as two or three away from the apical dome. The shoot apical meristem consists of 4 distinct cell groups:

text:
Stem cells
The immediate daughter cells of the stem cells
A subjacent organising centre
Founder cells for organ initiation in surrounding regions

tag: ul

text: The four distinct zones mentioned above are maintained by a complex signalling pathway. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 3 interacting CLAVATA genes are required to regulate the size of the stem cell reservoir in the shoot apical meristem by controlling the rate of cell division.[2] CLV1 and CLV2 are predicted to form a receptor complex (of the LRR receptor-like kinase family) to which CLV3 is a ligand.[3][4][5] CLV3 shares some homology with the ESR proteins of maize, with a short 14 amino acid region being conserved between the proteins.[6][7] Proteins that contain these conserved regions have been grouped into the CLE family of proteins.[6][7]

text: CLV1 has been shown to interact with several cytoplasmic proteins that are most likely involved in downstream signalling. For example, the CLV complex has been found to be associated with Rho/Rac small GTPase-related proteins.[2] These proteins may act as an intermediate between the CLV complex and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is often involved in signalling cascades.[8] KAPP is a kinase-associated protein phosphatase that has been shown to interact with CLV1.[9] KAPP is thought to act as a negative regulator of CLV1 by dephosphorylating it.[9]

text: Another important gene in plant meristem maintenance is WUSCHEL (shortened to WUS), which is a target of CLV signalling.[10] WUS is expressed in the cells below the stem cells of the meristem and its presence prevents the differentiation of the stem cells.[10] CLV1 acts to promote cellular differentiation by repressing WUS activity outside of the central zone containing the stem cells.[10] SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) also acts to prevent the differentiation of stem cells by repressing the expression of MYB genes that are involved in cellular differentiation.[2]

text: Root apical meristem[edit]

text: Unlike the shoot apical meristem, the root apical meristem produces cells in two dimensions. It harbors two pools of stem cells around an organizing center called the quiescent center (QC) cells and together produce most of the cells in an adult root.[11][12] At its apex, the root meristem is covered by the root cap, which protects and guides its growth trajectory. Cells are continuously sloughed off the outer surface of the root cap. The QC cells are characterized by their low mitotic activity. Evidence suggests that the QC maintains the surrounding stem cells by preventing their differentiation, via signal(s) that are yet to be discovered. This allows a constant supply of new cells in the meristem required for continuous root growth. Recent findings indicate that QC can also act as a reservoir of stem cells to replenish whatever is lost or damaged.[13] Root apical meristem and tissue patterns become established in the embryo in the case of the primary root, and in the new lateral root primordium in the case of secondary roots.

text: Intercalary meristem[edit]

text: In angiosperms, intercalary meristems occur only in monocot (in particular, grass) stems at the base of nodes and leaf blades. Horsetails also exhibit intercalary growth. Intercalary meristems are capable of cell division, and they allow for rapid growth and regrowth of many monocots. Intercalary meristems at the nodes of bamboo allow for rapid stem elongation, while those at the base of most grass leaf blades allow damaged leaves to rapidly regrow. This leaf regrowth in grasses evolved in response to damage by grazing herbivores, but is more familiar to us in response to lawnmowers.

text: Floral meristem[edit]

text: When plants begin the developmental process known as flowering, the shoot apical meristem is transformed into an inflorescence meristem, which goes on to produce the floral meristem, which produces the sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels of the flower.

text: In contrast to vegetative apical meristems and some exflorescence meristems, floral meristems cannot continue to grow indefinitely. Their future growth is limited to the flower with a particular size and form. The transition from shoot meristem to floral meristem requires floral meristem identity genes, that both specify the floral organs and cause the termination of the production of stem cells. AGAMOUS (AG) is a floral homeotic gene required for floral meristem termination and necessary for proper development of the stamens and carpels.[2] AG is necessary to prevent the conversion of floral meristems to inflorescence shoot meristems, but is not involved in the transition from shoot to floral meristem.[14] AG is turned on by the floral meristem identity gene LEAFY (LFY) and WUS and is restricted to the centre of the floral meristem or the inner two whorls.[15] This way floral identity and region specificity is achieved. WUS activates AG by binding to a consensus sequence in the AG’s second intron and LFY binds to adjacent recognition sites.[15] Once AG is activated it represses expression of WUS leading to the termination of the meristem.[15]

text: Through the years, scientists have manipulated floral meristems for economic reasons. An example is the mutant tobacco plant "Maryland Mammoth." In 1936, the department of agriculture of Switzerland performed several scientific tests with this plant. "Maryland Mammoth" is peculiar in that it grows much faster than other tobacco plants.

text: Apical dominance[edit]

text: Apical dominance is phenomenon where one meristem prevents or inhibits the growth of other meristems. As a result, the plant will have one clearly defined main trunk. For example, in trees, the tip of the main trunk bears the dominant meristem. Therefore, the tip of the trunk grows rapidly and is not shadowed by branches. If the dominant meristem is cut off, one or more branch tips will assume dominance. The branch will start growing faster and the new growth will be vertical. Over the years, the branch may begin to look more and more like an extension of the main trunk. Often several branches will exhibit this behaviour after the removal of apical meristem, leading to a bushy growth.

text: The mechanism of apical dominance is based on the plant hormone auxin. It is produced in the apical meristem and transported towards the roots in the cambium. If apical dominance is complete, it prevents any branches from forming as long as the apical meristem is active. If the dominance is incomplete, side branches will develop.

text: Recent investigations into apical dominance and the control of branching have revealed a new plant hormone family termed strigolactones. These compounds were previously known to be involved in seed germination and communication with mycorrhizal fungi and are now shown to be involved in inhibition of branching.[16]

text: Diversity in meristem architectures[edit]

text: Is the mechanism of being indeterminate conserved in the SAMs of the plant world? The SAM contains a population of stem cells that also produce the lateral meristems while the stem elongates. It turns out that the mechanism of regulation of the stem cell number might indeed be evolutionarily conserved. The CLAVATA gene CLV2 responsible for maintaining the stem cell population in Arabidopsis thaliana is very closely related to the Maize gene FASCIATED EAR 2(FEA2) also involved in the same function.[17] Similarly, in Rice, the FON1-FON2 system seems to bear a close relationship with the CLV signaling system in Arabidopsis thaliana.[18] These studies suggest that the regulation of stem cell number, identity and differentiation might be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in monocots, if not in angiosperms. Rice also contains another genetic system distinct from FON1-FON2, that is involved in regulating stem cell number.[18] This example underlines the innovation that goes about in the living world all the time.

text: Role of the KNOX-family genes[edit]

text: Genetic screens have identified genes belonging to the KNOX family in this function. These genes essentially maintain the stem cells in an undifferentiated state. The KNOX family has undergone quite a bit of evolutionary diversification, while keeping the overall mechanism more or less similar. Members of the KNOX family have been found in plants as diverse as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, barley and tomato. KNOX-like genes are also present in some algae, mosses, ferns and gymnosperms. Misexpression of these genes leads to formation of interesting morphological features. For example, among members of Antirrhinae, only the species of genus Antirrhinum lack a structure called spur in the floral region. A spur is considered an evolutionary innovation because it defines pollinator specificity and attraction. Researchers carried out transposon mutagenesis in Antirrhinum majus, and saw that some insertions led to formation of spurs that were very similar to the other members of Antirrhinae,[19] indicating that the loss of spur in wild Antirrhinum majus populations could probably be an evolutionary innovation.

text: The KNOX family has also been implicated in leaf shape evolution (See below for a more detailed discussion). One study looked at the pattern of KNOX gene expression in A. thaliana, that has simple leaves and Cardamine hirsuta, a plant having complex leaves. In A. thaliana, the KNOX genes are completely turned off in leaves, but in C.hirsuta, the expression continued, generating complex leaves.[20] Also, it has been proposed that the mechanism of KNOX gene action is conserved across all vascular plants, because there is a tight correlation between KNOX expression and a complex leaf morphology.[21]

text: Primary meristems[edit]

text: Apical meristems may differentiate into three kinds of primary meristem:

text:
Protoderm: lies around the outside of the stem and develops into the epidermis.
Procambium: lies just inside of the protoderm and develops into primary xylem and primary phloem. It also produces the vascular cambium, and cork cambium, secondary meristems. The cork cambium further differentiates into the phelloderm (to the inside) and the phellem, or cork (to the outside). All three of these layers (cork cambium, phellem and phelloderm) constitute the periderm. In roots, the procambium can also give rise to the pericycle, which produces lateral roots in eudicots.[22]
Ground meristem: develops into the cortex and the pith. Composed of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.[22]

text: These meristems are responsible for primary growth, or an increase in length or height, which were discovered by scientist Joseph D. Carr of North Carolina in 1943.[citation needed]

text: Secondary meristems[edit]

text: There are two types of secondary meristems, these are also called the lateral meristems because they surround the established stem of a plant and cause it to grow laterally (i.e., larger in diameter).

text:
Vascular cambium, which produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem. This is a process that may continue throughout the life of the plant. This is what gives rise to wood in plants. Such plants are called arborescent. This does not occur in plants that do not go through secondary growth (known as herbaceous plants).
Cork cambium, which gives rise to the periderm, which replaces the epidermis.

text: Indeterminate growth of meristems[edit]

text: Though each plant grows according to a certain set of rules, each new root and shoot meristem can go on growing for as long as it is alive. In many plants, meristematic growth is potentially indeterminate, making the overall shape of the plant not determinate in advance. This is the primary growth. Primary growth leads to lengthening of the plant body and organ formation. All plant organs arise ultimately from cell divisions in the apical meristems, followed by cell expansion and differentiation. Primary growth gives rise to the apical part of many plants.

text: The growth of nitrogen fixing nodules on legume plants such as soybean and pea is either determinate or indeterminate. Thus, soybean (or bean and Lotus japonicus) produce determinate nodules (spherical), with a branched vascular system surrounding the central infected zone. Often, Rhizobium infected cells have only small vacuoles. In contrast, nodules on pea, clovers, and Medicago truncatula are indeterminate, to maintain (at least for some time) an active meristem that yields new cells for Rhizobium infection. Thus zones of maturity exist in the nodule. Infected cells usually possess a large vacuole. The plant vascular system is branched and peripheral.

text: Cloning[edit]

text: Under appropriate conditions, each shoot meristem can develop into a complete new plant or clone. Such new plants can be grown from shoot cuttings that contain an apical meristem. Root apical meristems are not readily cloned, however. This cloning is called asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction and is widely practiced in horticulture to mass-produce plants of a desirable genotype. This process is also known as mericloning.

text: Propagating through cuttings is another form of vegetative propagation that initiates root or shoot production from secondary meristematic cambial cells. This explains why basal 'wounding' of shoot-borne cuttings often aids root formation.[23]


document_title: 1903 Tour de France

question_text: number of participants in the 1903 tour de france

text: 1903 Tour de France

text: Origin[edit]

text: After the Dreyfus affair separated advertisers from the newspaper Le Vélo, a new newspaper L'Auto-Vélo was founded in 1900, with former cyclist Henri Desgrange as editor. After being forced to change the name of the newspaper to L'Auto in 1903, Desgrange needed something to keep the cycling fans; with circulation at 20,000, he could not afford to lose them.[2]

text: When Desgrange and young employee Géo Lefèvre were returning from the Marseille–Paris cycling race,[3] Lefèvre suggested holding a race around France, similar to the popular six-day races on the track.[4] Desgrange proposed the idea to the financial controller Victor Goddet, who gave his approval, and on 19 January 1903, the Tour de France was announced in L'Auto.[5][6]

text: It was to have been a five-week race, from 1 June to 5 July, with an entry fee of 20 francs. These conditions attracted very few cyclists: one week before the race was due to start, only 15 competitors had signed up. Desgrange then rescheduled the race from 1 to 19 July, increased the total prize money to 20,000 francs, reduced the entry fee to 10 francs and guaranteed at least five francs a day to the first 50 cyclists in the classification.[7] After that, 79 cyclists signed up for the race, of whom 60 actually started the race.[8]

text: Géo Lefévre became the director, judge and time-keeper; Henri Desgrange was the directeur-général, although he did not follow the race.

text: Rules and course[edit]

text: The 1903 Tour de France was run in six stages. Compared to modern stage races, the stages were extraordinarily long, with an average distance of over 400 km (250 mi), compared to the 171 km (106 mi) average stage length in the 2004 Tour de France; cyclists had one to three rest days between each stage,[8] and the route was largely flat, with only one stage featuring a significant mountain. The cyclists were not grouped in teams but raced as individuals, and paid a fee of ten francs (€87.50 at 2003 prices) to compete in the race for general classification, or five francs to enter a single stage.[9] Because the stages were so long, all but the first started before dawn: the last stage started at 21:00 the night before.[10]

text: The first Tour de France crossed no mountain passes, but several lesser cols. The first was the col des Echarmeaux (712 m (2,336 ft)), on the opening stage from Paris to Lyon, on what is now the old road from Autun to Lyon. The stage from Lyon to Marseille included the col de la République (1,161 m (3,809 ft)), also known as the col du Grand Bois, at the edge of St-Etienne.[11]

text: In 1903, it was normal for a professional cyclist to hire pacers, who would lead them during the race. Desgrange forbade this: it was originally intended that in the final, longest, stage pacers would be allowed, but this was rescinded after the fifth stage.[5][12][13]

text: To ensure that the cyclists rode the entire route, stewards were stationed at various points around the course.[5][7] The yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification had not yet been introduced, but the leader was identified by a green armband.[5]

text: The fastest eight cyclists on each stage received a prize between 50 francs and 1,500 francs, varying per stage. The fourteen best cyclists in the general classification received a prize from 3,000 francs for the winner to 25 francs for fourteenth place.[7] The remaining seven cyclists to finish in the general classification each received 95 francs, 5 francs for each of the 19 days that the race took, provided that they had not won more than 200 francs in prize money and did not have an average speed below 20 km/h (12 mph) on any stage.[7]

text: Participants[edit]

text: In contrast to modern stage races, a cyclist who gave up during a stage was allowed to start again the next stage, although he would no longer be in contention for the general classification. Thus Hippolyte Aucouturier, who gave up during the first stage, was able to return, and won the second and third stages. Charles Laeser, winner of the fourth stage, had not completed the third stage.[8]

text: Sixty cyclists, all professionals or semi-professionals, started the race, of whom 49 were French, 4 Belgian, 4 Swiss, 2 German, and one Italian; 21 of them were sponsored by bicycle manufacturers, while 39 entered without commercial support.[7][8][14] 24 other cyclists took advantage of the opportunity to enter specific stages: one rode in both the second and fourth stages, and additionally three cyclists took part in the second stage, one in the third stage, fifteen in the fourth stage only, and a further four only competed in the fifth stage.[8]

text: Race overview[edit]

text: The pre-race favourites for the victory were Maurice Garin and Hippolyte Aucouturier.[3] Garin dominated the race from the start by winning the first stage, a 471 km (293 mi) parcours from Paris to Lyon. The stage started at 15:16, and the cyclists initially rode with a speed of 35 km/h. The first cyclists abandoned after around 50 km (31 mi).[15] At 23:00, Garin and Emile Pagie, leading the race, reached the control point in Nevers. Garin expected at that point that they would finish at 8:00 the next morning. During the night, Garin's main rival, Aucouturier, had stomach cramps, and was unable to finish the stage.[5][15] Also during that first stage, the first breach of the rules occurred: Jean Fischer had used a car as pacer, which was illegal.[5][15] Pagie fell down, but got up again; he and Garin kept leading the race during the night. Around 9:00 in the morning, both reached Lyon. Garin got away from Pagie, and finished one minute ahead.[15]

text: Although Aucouturier had abandoned in the first stage, and so was not eligible for the general classification, he could still start the rest of the stages. In the second stage, Aucouturier was able to win the sprint. In the third stage, the cyclists who were competing for the general classification started one hour earlier than the other cyclists, including Aucouturier. At the end of that stage, a group of four cyclists had broken away, and Eugène Brange won the sprint. Aucouturier finished 27 minutes later, but this meant that he had run the course 33 minutes faster, so he was declared the winner of the stage.[16] Garin retained the lead, helped by a crash of second-placed Pagie in the second stage, which eliminated him from the race.[5] In the fourth stage, Aucouturier had a clear lead and seemed set to win a third successive stage, but was caught using the slipstream of a car, and was removed from the race.[3] Swiss Charles Laeser (who had abandoned in the 3rd stage[8]) took the victory, becoming the first non-French winner. As in the third stage, the cyclists departed in two groups, and Laeser was in the second group because he was no longer contending for the general classification. Laeser finished more than 50 minutes after a group of six cyclists, but he had travelled the distance 4 minutes faster than them, so he was declared the winner.[17]

text: At that point, Garin was leading, with Émile Georget almost two hours behind.[18] In the fifth stage, Georget had two flat tires, and fell asleep when he stopped at the side of the road to rest; he failed to finish.[3] Thus Garin extended his lead by winning this stage, carrying nearly three hours' advantage into the final day's racing.[19] Garin had requested other cyclists in the leading group to let him win the stage, but Fernand Augereau refused to do this. Garin then had Lucien Pothier throw down his bicycle in front of Augereau, who fell, and Garin then bent Augereau's rear wheel. Augereau quickly obtained a spare bike and continued to the finish, however Garin easily won the sprint.[20] Augereau still received a prize of 100 francs from Velo-Sport Nantes for the fastest final kilometer of the stage in the Nantes velodrome.[21]

text: The last stage was the longest, at 471 km (293 mi), and ran from Nantes to the small town of Ville-d'Avray, which lies between Versailles and Paris, instead of at the Parc des Princes velodrome. This was because of a bylaw forbidding road races to end on cycling tracks (a bylaw subsequently repealed in light of the race's success). Garin took his third stage win, and sealed overall victory by 2 hours 59 minutes 31 seconds: this remains the greatest margin of victory in the Tour de France.[5] After celebrating with champagne, the riders cycled to Parc des Princes, where they made several laps of honour before an adoring crowd, to the sound of a bugle.

text: Results[edit]

text: Stage results[edit]

text: In 1903, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate whether the stage included mountains.

text:
Stage characteristics and winners[8][10]

Stage
Date
Course
Distance
Type
Winner
Race leader

1
1 July
Paris to Lyon
467 km (290 mi)

Plain stage
 Maurice Garin (FRA)
 Maurice Garin (FRA)

2
5 July
Lyon to Marseille
374 km (232 mi)

Stage with mountain(s)
 Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA)
 Maurice Garin (FRA)

3
8 July
Marseille to Toulouse
423 km (263 mi)

Plain stage
 Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA)
 Maurice Garin (FRA)

4
12 July
Toulouse to Bordeaux
268 km (167 mi)

Plain stage
 Charles Laeser (SUI)
 Maurice Garin (FRA)

5
13 July
Bordeaux to Nantes
425 km (264 mi)

Plain stage
 Maurice Garin (FRA)
 Maurice Garin (FRA)

6
18 July
Nantes to Paris
471 km (293 mi)

Plain stage
 Maurice Garin (FRA)
 Maurice Garin (FRA)

Total
2,428 km (1,509 mi)[1]

text: General classification[edit]

text: There were 21 cyclists who had completed all six stages. For these cyclists, the times taken for each stage were added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner. The cyclists officially were not grouped in teams; some cyclists had the same sponsor, even though they were not allowed to work together.[22]

text:
Final general classification (1–10)[8]

Rank
Rider
Sponsor[23]
Time

1
 Maurice Garin (FRA)
La Française
94h 33' 14'

2
 Lucien Pothier (FRA)
La Française
+ 2h 59' 21"

3
 Fernand Augereau (FRA)
La Française
+ 4h 29' 24″

4
 Rodolfo Muller[24] (ITA)
La Française
+ 4h 39' 30″

5
 Jean Fischer (FRA)
La Française
+ 4h 58' 44″

6
 Marcel Kerff (BEL)
—
+ 5h 52' 24″

7
 Julien Lootens (BEL)
Brennabor
+ 8h 31' 08″

8
 Georges Pasquier (FRA)
La Française
+ 10h 24' 04″

9
 François Beaugendre (FRA)
—
+ 10h 52' 14″

10
 Aloïs Catteau (BEL)
La Française
+ 12h 44' 57″

text:
[show]Final general classification (11–21)

Rank
Rider
Sponsor
Time

11
 Jean Dargassies (FRA)
Gladiator
+ 13h 49' 10″

12
 Ferdinand Payan (FRA)
Champeyrache
+ 19h 09' 02"

13
 Julien Girbe (FRA)
JC Cycles
+ 23h 16' 52"

14
 Isidore Lechartier (FRA)
Gladiator
+ 24h 05' 13"

15
 Josef Fischer (GER)
Diamant
+ 25h 14' 26"

16
 Alexandre Foureaux (FRA)
—
+ 31h 50' 52"

17
 René Salais (FRA)
—
+ 32h 34' 43"

18
 Emile Moulin (FRA)
—
+ 49h 43' 14"

19
 Georges Borot (FRA)
—
+ 51h 37' 38"

20
 Pierre Desvages (FRA)
—
+ 62h 53' 54"

21
 Arsène Millocheau (FRA)
—
+ 64h 57' 08"

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: The circulation of L'Auto increased significantly due to this event; a special edition of 130,000 copies was made after the race was over,[25] and normal circulation increased from 25,000 to 65,000.[2] The big success made sure that the Tour de France was scheduled again for 1904. The cyclists had also become national heroes. Maurice Garin returned for the 1904 Tour de France but his title defence failed when he was disqualified. With the prize money that he won in 1903, which totalled 6,075 francs,[8] (approximately US$40,000 and GBP£23,000 in 2006 values[5]) Garin later bought a gas station, where he worked for the rest of his life.[5]