document_title: Folklore of the United States

question_text: which historical figure is known for his part in the first thanksgiving in the americas

text: Folklore of the United States

text: Native American folklore[edit]

text: Native American cultures are rich in myths and legends that explain natural phenomena and the relationship between humans and the spirit world. According to Barre Toelken, feathers, beadwork, dance steps and music, the events in a story, the shape of a dwelling, or items of traditional food can be viewed as icons of cultural meaning.[1]

text: Native American cultures are numerous and diverse. Though some neighboring cultures hold similar beliefs, others can be quite different from one another. The most common myths are the creation myths, that tell a story to explain how the earth was formed, and where humans and other beings came from. Others may include explanations about the sun, moon, constellations, specific animals, seasons, and weather. This is one of the ways that many tribes have kept, and continue to keep, their cultures alive; these stories are not told simply for entertainment, but as a way of preserving and transmitting the nation, tribe or band's particular beliefs, history, customs, spirituality and traditional way of life. "[S]tories not only entertain but also embody Native behavioral and ethical values."[1]

text: There are many different kinds of stories. Some are called "hero stories"; these are stories of people who lived at one time, and who were immortalized and remembered through these tales. There are "trickster stories", about the different trickster figures of the tribes, spirits who may be either helpful or dangerous, depending on the situation. There are also tales that are simply warnings; they warn against doing something that may harm in some way. Many of these tales have morals or some form of belief that is being taught. This is how the things were remembered.

text: Founding myths[edit]

text: The founding of the United States is often surrounded by legends and tall tales. Many stories have developed since the founding long ago to become a part of America's folklore and cultural awareness, and non-Native American folklore especially includes any narrative which has contributed to the shaping of American culture and belief systems. These narratives may be true and may be false or may be a little true and a little false; the veracity of the stories is not a determining factor.

text: Christopher Columbus[edit]

text: Christopher Columbus, as a hero and symbol, is an important figure in the pantheon of American myth. His status, not unlike most American icons, is representative not of his own accomplishments, but the self-perception of the society which chose him as a hero. Having effected a separation from England and its cultural icons, America was left without history—or heroes on which to base a shared sense of their social selves. Washington Irving was instrumental in popularizing Columbus. His version of Columbus' life, published in 1829, was more a romance than a biography. The book was very popular, and contributed to an image of the discoverer as a solitary individual who challenged the unknown sea, as triumphant Americans contemplated the dangers and promise of their own wilderness frontier. As a consequence of his vision and audacity, there was now a land free from kings, a vast continent for new beginnings. In the years following the Revolution the poetic device "Columbia" was used as a symbol of both Columbus and America. King's College of New York changed its name in 1792 to Columbia, and the new capitol in Washington was subtitled District of Columbia.[2]

text: Jamestown[edit]

text: In May 1607, the Susan Constant, the Discovery, and the Godspeed sailed through Chesapeake Bay and thirty miles up the James River settlers built Jamestown, Virginia, England's first permanent colony. Too late in the season to plant crops, many were not accustomed to manual labor. Within a few months, some settlers died of famine and disease. Only thirty-eight made it through their first year in the New World. Captain John Smith, a pirate turned gentleman turned the settlers into foragers and successful traders with the Native Americans, who taught the English how to plant corn and other crops. Smith led expeditions to explore the regions surrounding Jamestown, and it was during one of these that the chief of the Powhatan Native Americans captured Smith. According to an account Smith published in 1624, he was going to be put to death until the chief's daughter, Pocahontas, saved him. From this the legend of Pocahontas sprang forth, becoming part of American folklore, children's books, and movies.[3]

text: Pilgrims[edit]

text: Plymouth Rock is the traditional site of disembarkation of William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620, and an important symbol in American history. There are no contemporary references to the Pilgrims' landing on a rock at Plymouth. The first written reference to the Pilgrims landing on a rock is found 121 years after they landed. The Rock, or one traditionally identified as it, has long been memorialized on the shore of Plymouth Harbor in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The holiday of Thanksgiving is said to have begun with the Pilgrims in 1621.[4] They had come to America to escape religious persecution, but then nearly starved to death. Some friendly Native Americans (including Squanto) helped the Pilgrims survive through the first winter. The perseverance of the Pilgrims is celebrated during the annual Thanksgiving festival.

text: Revolutionary War figures[edit]

text: George Washington[edit]

text: George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799), the country's first president, is often said to be the father of his country. Apocryphal stories about Washington's childhood include a claim that he skipped a silver dollar across the Rappahannock River at Ferry Farm. Another tale claims that as a young child, Washington chopped down his father's cherry tree. His angry father confronted the young Washington, who proclaimed "I can not tell a lie" and admitted to the transgression, thus illuminating his honesty. Parson Mason Locke Weems mentions the first citation of this legend in his 1806 book, The Life of George Washington: With Curious Anecdotes, Equally Honorable to Himself and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen. This anecdote cannot be independently verified. Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) is also known to have spread the story while lecturing, personalizing it by adding "I have a higher and greater standard of principle. Washington could not lie. I can lie but I won't."

text: Patrick Henry[edit]

text: Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799) was an attorney, planter and politician who became known as an orator during the movement for independence in Virginia in the 1770s. Patrick Henry is best known for the speech he made in the House of Burgesses on March 23, 1775, in Saint John's Church in Richmond, Virginia. With the House undecided on whether to mobilize for military action against the encroaching British military force, Henry argued in favor of mobilization. Forty-two years later, Henry's first biographer, William Wirt, working from oral histories, tried to reconstruct what Henry said. According to Wirt, Henry ended his speech with words that have since become immortalized: "I know not what course others may take; but as for me, Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" The crowd, by Wirt's account, jumped up and shouted "To Arms! To Arms!". For 160 years Wirt's account was taken at face value. In the 1970s, historians began to question the authenticity of Wirt's reconstruction.

text: Betsy Ross[edit]

text: Betsy Ross (January 1, 1752 – January 30, 1836) is widely credited with making the first American flag. There is, however, no credible historical evidence that the story is true. Research conducted by the National Museum of American History notes that the story of Betsy Ross making the first American flag for General George Washington entered into American consciousness about the time of the 1876 centennial celebrations. In the 2008 book The Star-Spangled Banner: The Making of an American Icon, Smithsonian experts point out that accounts of the event appealed to Americans eager for stories about the revolution and its heroes and heroines. Betsy Ross was promoted as a patriotic role model for young girls and a symbol of women's contributions to American history.

text: Other Revolutionary War heroes who became figures of American folklore include: Benedict Arnold, Benjamin Franklin, Nathan Hale, John Hancock, John Paul Jones and Francis Marion.

text: Tall Tales[edit]

text: The tall tale is a fundamental element of American folk literature. The tall tale's origins are seen in the bragging contests that often occurred when men of the American frontier gathered. A tall tale is a story with unbelievable elements, related as if it were true and factual. Some such stories are exaggerations of actual events; others are completely fictional tales set in a familiar setting, such as the American Old West, or the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. They are usually humorous or good-natured. The line between myth and tall tale is distinguished primarily by age; many myths exaggerate the exploits of their heroes, but in tall tales the exaggeration looms large, to the extent of becoming the whole of the story.

text: Based on historical figures[edit]

text:
John Chapman (September 26, 1774 – March 18, 1845), widely known as Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. He became an American legend while still alive, largely because of his kind and generous ways, and the symbolic importance he attributed to apples. Johnny Appleseed is remembered in American popular culture by his traveling song or Swedenborgian hymn ("The Lord is good to me...").
Daniel Boone (November 2, 1734 [O.S. October 22] – September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States.
"Davy" Crockett (August 17, 1786 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician. He is commonly referred to in popular culture by the epithet, "King of the Wild Frontier". He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives, served in the Texas Revolution, and died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Mike Fink (c. 1770/1780 – c. 1823) called "king of the keelboaters", was a semi-legendary brawler and river boatman who exemplified the tough and hard-drinking men who ran keelboats up and down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
Martha Jane Canary (May 1, 1852 – August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, and professional scout best known for her claim of being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok. She is said to have also exhibited kindness and compassion, especially to the sick and needy. It was from her that Bret Harte took his famous character of Cherokee Sal in The Luck of Roaring Camp.
Jigger Johnson (1871-1935), was a lumberjack and log driver from northern New England who is known for his numerous off-the-job exploits, such as catching bobcats alive with his bare hands, and drunken brawls.[5][6]
John Henry was an African-American railroad worker who is said to have worked as a "steel-driving man"—a man tasked with hammering a steel drill into rock to make holes for explosives to blast the rock away in constructing a railroad tunnel. According to legend, John Henry's prowess as a steel-driver was measured in a race against a steam powered hammer, which he won, only to die in victory with his hammer in his hand and his heart giving out from stress. The "Ballad of John Henry" is a musical rendition of his story.

text: Other historical figures include Titanic survivor Molly Brown, Wild West showman Buffalo Bill Cody, and sharpshooter Annie Oakley.

text: Fictional characters[edit]

text:
Paul Bunyan is a lumberjack figure in North American folklore and tradition. One of the most famous and popular North American folklore heroes, he is usually described as a giant as well as a lumberjack of unusual skill, and is often accompanied in stories by his animal companion, Babe the Blue Ox. The character originated in folktales circulated among lumberjacks in the Northeastern United States and eastern Canada, first appearing in print in a story published by Northern Michigan journalist James MacGillivray in 1906.
The Lone Ranger is a fictional hero of the west who fought raiders and robbers in the Texas area. The sole survivor of a group of six rangers, he set out to bring the criminals who killed his brother to justice.
John the Conqueror also known as High John the Conqueror, and many other folk variants, is a folk hero from African-American folklore. John the Conqueror was an African prince who was sold as a slave in the Americas. Despite his enslavement, his spirit was never broken and he survived in folklore as a sort of a trickster figure, because of the tricks he played to evade his masters. Joel Chandler Harris's 'Br'er Rabbit' of the Uncle Remus stories is said to be patterned after High John the Conqueror.
Pecos Bill is an American cowboy, apocryphally immortalized in numerous tall tales of the Old West during American westward expansion into the Southwest of Texas, New Mexico, Southern California, and Arizona

text:
Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Battle of Monmouth, who is generally believed to have been Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly. Since various Molly Pitcher tales grew in the telling, many historians regard Molly Pitcher as folklore rather than history, or suggest that Molly Pitcher may be a composite image inspired by the actions of a number of real women. The name itself may have originated as a nickname given to women who carried water to men on the battlefield during the war.
Captain Stormalong was an American folk hero and the subject of numerous nautical-themed tall tales originating in Massachusetts. Stormalong was said to be a sailor and a giant, some 30 feet tall; he was the master of a huge clipper ship known in various sources as either the Courser or the Tuscarora, a ship so tall that it had hinged masts to avoid catching on the moon.

text: Legendary and folkloric creatures[edit]

text:
Bigfoot, also known as "Sasquatch", is the name given to an ape-like creature that some believe inhabits forests in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Bigfoot is usually described as a large, hairy, bipedal humanoid. Generally, scientists discount the existence of Bigfoot due to the lack of physical evidence and the large number of creatures that would be necessary to maintain a breeding population. Most claims of "Bigfoot sightings" are a combination of misidentification, hoax, and folklore.
Champ is the name given to a reputed lake monster living in Lake Champlain, a natural freshwater lake in North America. The lake crosses the U.S./Canada border; located partially in the Canadian province of Quebec and partially in the U.S. states of Vermont and New York. There is no scientific evidence for Champ's existence, though there have been over 300 reported sightings.
The Jersey Devil is a legendary creature said to inhabit the Pine Barrens of Southern New Jersey in the United States. The creature is often described as a flying biped with hooves, but there are many different variations. The most common description is that of a kangaroo-like creature with the face of a horse, the head of a dog, leathery bat-like wings, horns, small arms with clawed hands, cloven hooves and a forked tail. It has been reported to move quickly as to avoid human contact, and often is described as emitting a "blood-curdling scream".
The White Lady is a type of female ghost reportedly seen in rural areas and associated with some local legend of tragedy. Common to many of them is the theme of losing or being betrayed by a husband or fiancé. They are often associated with an individual family line or said to be a harbinger of death, similar to a banshee.
Mothman is a mythical half moth half man from Point Pleasant, West Virginia described as a large humanoid with moth features on its face and large wings with fur covering its body. Mothman has been blamed for the collapse of the Silver Bridge.
Hodag The Hodag is mythical beast that is said to inhabit the forests of Northern Wisconsin, particularly around the city of Rhinelander. The Hodag has a reptilian body with the horns of a bull, and is said to have a penchant for mischief.

text: Other folkloric creatures include the fearsome Jackalope, the Nain Rouge of Detroit, Michigan, Wendigo of Minnesota and Chessie, a legendary sea monster said to live in Chesapeake Bay.

text: Literature[edit]

text: Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, or simply "Santa", is a figure with legendary, mythical, historical and folkloric origins. The modern figure of Santa Claus was derived from the Dutch figure, Sinterklaas, which may, in turn, have its origins in the hagiographical tales concerning the Christian Saint Nicholas. "A Visit from St. Nicholas", also known as "The Night Before Christmas" is a poem first published anonymously in 1823 and generally attributed to Clement Clarke Moore. The poem, which has been called "arguably the best-known verses ever written by an American",[7] is largely responsible for the conception of Santa Claus from the mid-nineteenth century to today, including his physical appearance, the night of his visit, his mode of transportation, the number and names of his reindeer, as well as the tradition that he brings toys to children. The poem has influenced ideas about St. Nicholas and Santa Claus from the United States to the rest of the English-speaking world and beyond. Is There a Santa Claus? was the title of an editorial appearing in the September 21, 1897, edition of The (New York) Sun. The editorial, which included the famous reply "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus", has become a part of popular Christmas folklore in the United States and Canada.

text: The Headless Horseman is a fictional character from the short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by American author Washington Irving. The story, from Irving's collection of short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, has worked itself into known American folklore/legend through literature and film.

text: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow. Originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900, it has since been reprinted numerous times, most often under the name The Wizard of Oz, which is the name of both the 1902 stage play and the well-known adaptation 1939 film version, starring Judy Garland. The story chronicles the adventures of a young girl named Dorothy Gale in the Land of Oz, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home in a tornado. Thanks in part to the 1939 MGM movie, it is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture.

text: Folk music[edit]

text: Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music. Beginning in the 17th century, immigrants from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Germany and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing with them new styles and instruments. African slaves brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributes to a melting pot. Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that.

text: Earliest American scholars were with The American Folklore Society (AFS), which emerged in the late 1800s. Their studies expanded to include Native American music, but still treated folk music as a historical item preserved in isolated societies. In North America, during the 1930s and 1940s, the Library of Congress worked through the offices of traditional music collectors Robert Winslow Gordon, Alan Lomax and others to capture as much North American field material as possible. Lomax was the first prominent scholar to study distinctly American folk music such as that of cowboys and southern blacks. His first major published work was in 1911, Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads, and was arguably the most prominent US folk music scholar of his time, notably during the beginnings of the folk music revival in the 1930s and early 1940s.

text: The American folk music revival was a phenomenon in the United States that began during the 1940s and peaked in popularity in the mid-1960s. Its roots went earlier, and performers like Burl Ives, Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, and Oscar Brand had enjoyed a limited general popularity in the 1930s and 1940s. The revival brought forward musical styles that had, in earlier times, contributed to the development of country & western, jazz, and rock and roll music.

text: African-American music[edit]

text: Slavery was introduced to the British colonies in the early 17th century, and enslaved people largely replaced indentured servants as an economic labor force during the 17th century. The ancestors of today's African-American population were brought to the United States as slaves, working primarily in the plantations of the South. They were from hundreds of tribes across West Africa, and brought with them certain traits of West African music including call and response vocals and complex rhythmic music, as well as syncopated beats and shifting accents. The African musical focus on rhythmic singing and dancing was brought to the New World, where it became part of a distinct folk culture that helped Africans "retain continuity with their past through music". The first slaves in the United States sang work songs, and field hollers.

text: Negro Spirituals[edit]

text: Protestant hymns written mostly by New England preachers became a feature of camp meetings held among devout Christians across the South. When blacks began singing adapted versions of these hymns, they were called Negro spirituals. It was from these roots, of spiritual songs, work songs and field hollers, that blues, jazz and gospel developed. Negro spirituals were primarily expressions of religious faith.

text: Folk songs[edit]

text: The Thirteen Colonies of the original United States were all former British possessions, and Anglo culture became a major foundation for American folk and popular music. Many American folk songs are identical to British songs in arrangements, but with new lyrics, often as parodies of the original material. Anglo-American traditional music also includes a variety of broadside ballads, humorous stories and tall tales, and disaster songs regarding mining, shipwrecks and murder.

text: Folk songs may be classified by subject matter, such as: drinking songs, sporting songs, train songs, work songs, war songs, and ballads.

text:
The Star-Spangled Banner's tune was adapted from an old English drinking song by John Stafford Smith called "To Anacreon in Heaven"
"The Ballad of Casey Jones" is a traditional song about railroad engineer Casey Jones and his death at the controls of the train he was driving. It tells of how Jones and his fireman Sim Webb raced their locomotive to make up for lost time, but discovered another train ahead of them on the line, and how Jones remained on board to try to stop the train as Webb jumped to safety.
"When Johnny Comes Marching Home" (sometimes "When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again") is a popular song of the American Civil War that expressed people's longing for the return of their friends and relatives who were fighting in the war. The Irish anti-war song "Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye" and "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" share the same melodic material. Based on internal textual references, "Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye" apparently dates from the early 1820s, while When Johnny Comes Marching Home was first published in 1863. "Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye" is a popular traditional Irish anti-war and anti-recruiting song. It is generally dated to the early 19th century, when soldiers from Athy, County Kildare served the British East India Company.
"Oh My Darling, Clementine" (1884) is an American western folk ballad believed to have been based on another song called Down by the River Liv'd a Maiden (1863). The words are those of a bereaved lover singing about his darling, the daughter of a miner in the 1849 California Gold Rush. He loses her in a drowning accident. The song plays during the opening credits for the highly acclaimed John Ford movie "My Darling Clementine". It also runs as a background score all through the movie.
The Yellow Rose of Texas is a traditional folk song. The original love song has become associated with the legend that Emily D. West, a biracial indentured servant, "helped win the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle in the Texas Revolution".
"Take Me Out to the Ball Game" is a 1908 Tin Pan Alley song by Jack Norworth and Albert Von Tilzer which has become the unofficial anthem of baseball, although neither of its authors had attended a game prior to writing the song. The song is traditionally sung during the seventh-inning stretch of a baseball game. Fans are generally encouraged to sing along.

text: Other American folksongs include: "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain", "Skewball", "Big Bad John", "Stagger Lee", "Camptown Races" and "The Battle Hymn of the Republic".

text: Sea shanties[edit]

text: Work songs sung by sailors between the 18th and 20th centuries are known as sea shanties. The shanty was a distinct type of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War. These songs were typically performed while adjusting the rigging, raising anchor, and other tasks where men would need to pull in rhythm. These songs usually have a very punctuated rhythm precisely for this reason, along with a call-and-answer format. Well before the 19th century, sea songs were common on rowing vessels. Such songs were also very rhythmic in order to keep the rowers together.

text: They were notably influenced by songs of African Americans, such as those sung whilst manually loading vessels with cotton in ports of the southern United States. The work contexts in which African-Americans sang songs comparable to shanties included: boat-rowing on rivers of the south-eastern U.S. and Caribbean; the work of stokers or "firemen", who cast wood into the furnaces of steamboats plying great American rivers;and stevedoring on the U.S. eastern seaboard, the Gulf Coast, and the Caribbean—including "cotton-screwing": the loading of ships with cotton in ports of the American South. During the first half of the 19th century, some of the songs African Americans sang also began to appear in use for shipboard tasks, i.e. as shanties.

text: Shanty repertoire borrowed from the contemporary popular music enjoyed by sailors, including minstrel music, popular marches, and land-based folk songs, which were adapted to suit musical forms matching the various labor tasks required to operate a sailing ship. Such tasks, which usually required a coordinated group effort in either a pulling or pushing action, included weighing anchor and setting sail.

text: "Poor Paddy Works on the Railway" is a popular Irish and American folk song. Historically, it was often sung as a sea chanty. The song portrays an Irish worker working on a railroad. There are numerous titles of the song including, "Pat Works on the Railway" and "Paddy on the Railway". "Paddy Works on the Erie" is another version of the song. "Paddy on the Railway" is attested as a chanty in the earliest known published work to use the word "chanty", G. E. Clark's Seven Years of a Sailor's Life (1867). Clark recounted experiences fishing on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, in a vessel out of Provincetown, Mass. ca. 1865-6. At one point, the crew is getting up the anchor in a storm, by means of a pump-style windlass. One of the chanties the men sing while performing this task is mentioned by title, "Paddy on the Railway".

text: Shaker music[edit]

text:
Shaker music

Music

* Issachar Bates, Ode to Contentment

Joseph Brackett, Simple Gifts
Wyeth and Hammond, The Humble Heart

Works inspired by Simple Gifts

* Air and Simple Gifts

Joel Cohen, Simple Gifts
Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring
Roger Lee Hall, Four New England Shaker Spirituals
Lord of the Dance
Old American Songs
Weezer, The Greatest Man That Ever Lived

Works inspired by Shakers

* William Coulter, Shaker trilogy

Roger Lee Hall, Four New England Shaker Spirituals
David Johansen, Shaker
R.E.M., Fireplace (Document)
Eric W. Sawyer, The Humble Heart
Kevin Siegfried, Angel of Light

v
t
e

text: The Shakers is a religious sect founded in 18th-century England upon the teachings of Ann Lee. Shakers today are most known for their cultural contributions (especially style of music and furniture). The Shakers composed thousands of songs, and also created many dances; both were an important part of the Shaker worship services. In Shaker society, a spiritual "gift" could also be a musical revelation, and they considered it important to record musical inspirations as they occurred. "Simple Gifts" was composed by Elder Joseph Brackett and originated in the Alfred Shaker community in Maine in 1848. Aaron Copland's iconic 1944 ballet score Appalachian Spring, uses the now famous Shaker tune "Simple Gifts" as the basis of its finale.

text: Folk dancing[edit]

text: Folk dances of British origin include the square dance, descended from the quadrille, combined with the American innovation of a caller instructing the dancers. The religious communal society known as the Shakers emigrated from England during the 18th century and developed their own folk dance style.

text: Locations and landmarks[edit]

text:
the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island: In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh recruited over 100 men, women and children to journey from England to Roanoke Island on North Carolina's coast and establish the first English settlement in America under the direction of John White as governor. Virginia Dare (born August 18, 1587) was the first child born in the Americas to English parents, Ananias and Eleanor White Dare in the short-lived Roanoke Colony. The fact of her birth is known because the governor of the settlement, Virginia Dare's grandfather, John White, returned to England in 1587 to seek fresh supplies. When White eventually returned three years later, Virginia and the other colonists were gone. During the past four hundred years, Virginia Dare has become a prominent figure in American myth and folklore, symbolizing different things to different groups of people. She is the subject of a poem (Peregrine White and Virginia Dare) by Rosemary and Stephen Vincent Benet, and the North Carolina Legend of the White Doe. While often cited as an Indian legend, the white doe seems to have its roots in English folklore. White deer are common in English legends and often used as symbols of Christian virtue. A similar story of a young girl transformed into a white deer can be found in Yorkshire, where it formed the basis for Wordsworth's poem The White Doe of Rylstone.[8] In the four centuries since their disappearance, the Roanoke colonists have been the subject of a mystery that still challenges historians and archaeologists as one of America's oldest.[9]
Times Square is a major commercial intersection in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th Streets. Times Square – iconified as "The Crossroads of the World" is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District. Formerly Longacre Square, Times Square was renamed in April 1904 after The New York Times moved its headquarters to the newly erected Times Building site of the annual ball drop on New Year's Eve. The northern triangle of Times Square is technically Duffy Square, dedicated in 1937 to Chaplain Francis P. Duffy of New York City's "Fighting 69th" Infantry Regiment; a memorial to Duffy is located there, along with a statue of George M. Cohan. The Duffy Statue and the square were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

text: Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper located in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. Its name is derived from the nickname for New York, the Empire State. It stood as the world's tallest building for 40 years, from its completion in 1931. The Empire State Building is generally thought of as an American cultural icon. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. Perhaps the most famous popular culture representation of the building is in the 1933 film King Kong, in which the title character, a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors but falls to his death after being attacked by airplanes. The 1957 romantic drama film An Affair to Remember involves a couple who plan to meet atop the Empire State Building, a rendezvous that is averted by an automobile accident. The 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy partially inspired by An Affair to Remember, climaxes with a scene at the Empire State observatory.

text: Other locations and landmarks that have become part of American folklore include: Independence Hall, Monument Valley, Ellis Island, Hoover Dam, Pearl Harbor, the Vietnam War Memorial, and the Grand Canyon.

text: Cultural icons[edit]

text:
The Liberty Bell is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The bell was commissioned from the London firm of Lester and Pack in 1752, and was cast with the lettering (part of Leviticus 25:10) "Proclaim LIBERTY throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." In the 1830s, the bell was adopted as a symbol by abolitionist societies, who dubbed it the "Liberty Bell". It acquired its distinctive large crack sometime in the early 19th century—a widespread story claims it cracked while ringing after the death of Chief Justice John Marshall in 1835.
Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue, a gift to the United States from the people of France, is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tablet upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.
Uncle Sam (initials U.S.) is a common national personification of the American government and came into use during the War of 1812. According to legend, Samuel Wilson, a meat packer in New York, supplied rations for the soldiers and stamped the letters U.S. on the boxes, which stood for United States but was jokingly said to be the initials of Uncle Sam. An Uncle Sam is mentioned as early as 1775, in the original "Yankee Doodle" lyrics of the Revolutionary War[citation needed]. The earliest known personification of what would become the United States was "Columbia", who first appeared in 1738 and sometimes was associated with liberty. With the American Revolutionary War came "Brother Jonathan" as another personification and finally after the War of 1812 Uncle Sam appeared.

text: Other Cultural Icons include, Rosie the Riveter, the United States Constitution, the Colt Single Action Army, Smokey Bear, the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, Columbia and Apple Pie.

text: History[edit]

text: Historical events that form a part of American folklore include: 9/11, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's Ride, the Battle of the Alamo, the Salem witch trials, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, California Gold Rush, Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Attack on Pearl Harbor.


document_title: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)

question_text: who plays lady catherine in pride and prejudice and zombies

root

text: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Early 19th century England is beset by zombies; the Bennet sisters—Elizabeth, Jane, Kitty, Lydia, and Mary—have all been trained in the art of weaponry and martial arts in China at their father's behest so they can defend themselves from the zombies. Mrs. Bennet only wants to see her daughters married off to wealthy suitors. The Bennets attend a country dance also attended by the rich Bingley family, where the young and handsome Bingley falls for Jane. Charles Bingley has inherited £100,000 (£6.0 million today)—attracting Mrs. Bennet's attention as a desirable suitor for her daughter. When zombies attack the ball, the Bennet sisters fight them off, and Colonel Darcy, a friend of Bingley's and a skilled zombie-killer who was, conversely trained in Japanese martial arts, with property that pays him £10,000 annually (£600,000 today), becomes smitten with Elizabeth. On the way to the Bingleys later, Jane is attacked by a zombie and catches a fever. Darcy orders her confined in fear that she may have been bitten, but she successfully recovers.

tag: p

text: The Bennets are visited by the overbearing Parson Collins, who proposes to Elizabeth, but states that she must give up her life as a warrior, something she refuses to do. Elizabeth meets a charming soldier named Wickham, and arranges to meet him at another ball. She travels with him to a church that is filled with zombies who feed on pig brains instead of human brains, keeping their behaviour relatively normal. Wickham believes that with these new civilised zombies, humans can coexist peacefully with them. He asks Elizabeth to elope with him, but she backs off. Elizabeth learns that Darcy convinced the Bingleys to leave to keep Bingley away from Jane. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, having fallen in love with her, she expresses outrage at his actions and fights him.

text: Darcy later writes Elizabeth a letter to apologise. He reiterates that he separated Jane and Bingley for fear that Jane only wanted to marry Bingley for his wealth, having overheard Mrs. Bennet drunkenly mention it. He also exposes Wickham's true nature: he and Wickham were childhood friends but Wickham may have murdered Darcy's father, squandered the inheritance he did receive and tried to elicit additional money from Darcy's estate, then tried to elope with Darcy's little sister for her fortune. Elizabeth learns that Wickham has taken Lydia and London has been overrun with zombies. Darcy saves Lydia and learns that Wickham is actually using the 'civilised' zombies to create a zombie army which has overrun London based on Wickham's planning, and will rule the country. He stops him by giving the zombies human brains, which turns them savage.

text: While fighting, Darcy stabs Wickham's chest, revealing him to have been undead all along, staying civilized by consuming pig brains. Elizabeth saves Darcy from being killed by Wickham. As the two ride across the bridge, the army destroys it to keep the zombies from crossing over from London. Darcy is injured in the explosion, and Elizabeth tearfully admits her love for him. After Darcy recovers, he proposes to Elizabeth again, and this time, she agrees. The two have a joint wedding with Bingley and Jane.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Wickham leads a horde of zombies toward the wedding celebration with the Four Horsemen of the Zombie Apocalypse riding behind him.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lily James as Elizabeth Bennet
Sam Riley as Fitzwilliam Darcy
Jack Huston as Mr. Wickham
Bella Heathcote as Jane Bennet
Douglas Booth as Mr. Bingley
Matt Smith as Mr. Collins
Charles Dance as Mr. Bennet
Lena Headey as Lady Catherine de Bourgh
Suki Waterhouse as Kitty Bennet
Emma Greenwell as Caroline Bingley
Ellie Bamber as Lydia Bennet
Millie Brady as Mary Bennet
Sally Phillips as Mrs. Bennet
Aisling Loftus as Charlotte Lucas
Dolly Wells as Mrs. Featherstone
Tom Lorcan as Lieutenant Denny
Hermione Corfield as Cassandra
Jess Radomska as Annabelle Netherfield

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The film is based on the 2009 novel of the same name, which was billed as having been co-written by Jane Austen and Seth Grahame-Smith. The project was first announced on December 10, 2009, in Variety, when it was revealed that Natalie Portman would both star in the role of Elizabeth Bennet and produce, and that Lionsgate would finance and distribute.[7] On December 14, David O. Russell was announced as the writer and director of the film.[8] On October 5, 2010, it was revealed that Russell had left the production due to scheduling conflicts.[9] Russell later revealed that he had disputes with Lionsgate over the budget.[10] The next day, it was announced that Portman had quit the role of Elizabeth Bennet, though she would still produce the film.[11] Following Russell's departure, Lionsgate offered Mike Newell and Matt Reeves the chance to take over from him, but both declined. On November 3, 2010, the Los Angeles Times reported that Lionsgate had held meetings with Mike White, Neil Marshall and Jeffrey Blitz as potential directors.[12] White was hired on November 5.[13] On January 19, 2011, it was announced that White had had to leave the film due to scheduling conflicts with a pre-existing commitment at HBO.[14]

text: In February 2011, Craig Gillespie took over as director.[15] Gillespie revealed he was attracted to the project by the mashing of genres.[16] In May 2011, screenwriter Marti Noxon was hired to rewrite Russell's script.[17] On October 27, 2011, it was announced that Gillespie had left the film.[18] The project then stalled until March 2013, when Panorama Media joined to produce, finance, and handle foreign sales.[19] In May, it was announced that Burr Steers would take over as director.[20] Steers did a rewrite of the script, saying that he had reinserted "all the Pride and Prejudice beats”.[21]

text: At one point, Lily Collins, Jennifer Aniston, and Rowan Atkinson were all attached to the project.[22]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on September 24, 2014 at West Wycombe House & Park, Buckinghamshire.[23] During the Halloween weekend, actors were spotted shooting some scenes at Hatfield House in Hertfordshire.[24] In early November, crews were filming at Basing House in Old Basing.[25] On November 13, filming shifted to Frensham in Surrey, where they shot until November 21.[26]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Film score by Fernando Velázquez

Released
February 5, 2016

Recorded
2015

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
58:06

Label
Varèse Sarabande

tag: table

text: The film's soundtrack was released digitally on February 5, 2016, and physically on February 12 by Varèse Sarabande.[27] The soundtrack features the film’s original score, composed and conducted by Fernando Velázquez.

text:
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Darcy"
4:00

2.
"An Illustrated History of England 1700-1800"
2:20

3.
"Dressing for the Dance"
0:36

4.
"The Man from Uribe"
2:11

5.
"Dance of the Ponderous Distaff"
1:29

6.
"We Are Under Attack!!"
2:27

7.
"Carriage Ride"
1:05

8.
"Orphans"
1:47

9.
"The Soldiers of Meryton"
1:10

10.
"Menuet Des Mortes Vivants"
1:35

11.
"Orphan Attack"
3:34

12.
"Don’t Go Into the Woods Alone"
1:29

13.
"St Lazarus"
2:43

14.
"Rosings Park"
1:15

15.
"Midnight Walk"
1:08

16.
"Flirt Lovers Fight"
2:45

17.
"The Letter / Siege of London"
4:09

18.
"The In-Between"
5:36

19.
"Darcy Is Saved"
1:59

20.
"Back to St Lazarus"
2:13

21.
"Zombies Are Fed / Attack / Showdown"
5:13

22.
"After the Explosion"
2:40

23.
"Happy Ending?"
4:42

Total length:
58:06

text: Release[edit]

text: On March 30, 2015, Screen Gems originally set the film a release date for February 19, 2016.[28] However, on April 22, 2015, Screen Gems moved up the film's release date to February 5, 2016. The film was released by Lionsgate in the UK on February 11, 2016.[6]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In October 2014, Entertainment Weekly published the first photo from the production.[21] In July 2015, Lily James, Sam Riley, Bella Heathcote, Douglas Booth, Jack Huston, Matt Smith, Burr Steers and Seth Grahame-Smith appeared at a panel at Comic-Con to promote the film, where the first trailer debuted.[29] On October 9, 2015, the UK teaser trailer and poster were released.[30] On October 22, 2015, Screen Gems released the first official US trailer and poster.[31] On November 26, 2015, Lionsgate UK released a full-length trailer and the film's first official British poster.[6]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on May 31, 2016.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies grossed $10.9 million in North America and $5.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $16.4 million, against a budget of $28 million.[4]

text: The film was released in North America on February 5, 2016, alongside Hail, Caesar! and The Choice. The film was projected to gross $10–12 million from 2,931 theaters in its opening weekend.[3] It earned $300,000 from previews showing on Thursday night and $5.3 million in its opening weekend, finishing below expectations and 6th at the box office.[32] In its third weekend it was pulled from 2,455 theaters (88%), the third biggest drop in history at the time.[33]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 43%, based on 161 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies manages to wring a few fun moments out of its premise, but never delivers the thoroughly kooky mashup its title suggests."[34] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 45 out of 100, based on reviews from 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[35] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.[36]

text: Rafer Guzmán of Newsday wrote positively about the film, giving the film three out of four stars, calling it "an unexpected and off-kilter treat, thanks to a BBC-quality cast and (un)deadpan humor."[37] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, commenting that "PP&Z is rated PG-13, so the zombie gore is decidedly decorous. But before repetition dulls the party, the movie gets in a few juicy innings."[38] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film two out of four stars saying "Compared with other Jane Austen movies, it isn't much, but compared with other zombie apocalypse movies, it's an intelligent, literate effort."[39] Jesse Hassenger of The A.V. Club gave the film a C, commenting "That this particular retelling of the Jane Austen novel feels like a Cliffs Notes version is understandable; that its zombie bits are equally rudimentary, though, is more disappointing."[40] Clark Collis of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying "If more inventive than scary, Pride and Prejudice and Zombies breathes fresh life into the hugely popular, but now desperately predictable, undead genre."[41] Mark Kermode of The Guardian gave the film two out of five stars, saying "Yet torn between Austen and the undead, Steers seems unsure how straight to play either element, blunting comedy, horror and romance alike. The result lacks bite—the one element that zombies and Austen should have in common."[42] Helen O'Hara of The Daily Telegraph also gave two out of five stars, saying "If it had been more elegant in its storytelling, it could have been a fun genre crossover, but the best efforts of Steers and his cast can’t turn the overstuffed book into a film that makes any real sense."[43] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times gave the film a mixed review, saying "Both pride and prejudice still play their parts, but now in service to one tediously repeated joke: the sight of a gentleman or a lady, together or alone, playing cards or ballroom dancing, fatally swarmed by devouring zombies."[44]

text: Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film one and a half out of four stars, saying "Like the novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, the movie Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is predicated on a simple, single gimmick: It’s Pride and Prejudice … with zombies. This is a vaguely amusing idea which somehow got stretched out to an entire book, which somehow became a best seller, which inevitably means it had to be made into a film."[45] Keith Uhlich of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, calling the film "Lumbering, lifeless and—strange thing to say about a cadaver—almost entirely charmless."[46] Lindsey Bahr of the Associated Press also gave a negative review, saying "This story might have been better suited to a television adaptation. The characters would have been allowed to breathe for a beat in that case. Here, the action and violence take up the space that would have generally been used for character development."[47] Stephen Whitty of New York Daily News gave the film two out of 5 stars, saying "The hungry monsters in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies are looking for nice big brains. Well, they won't find any here."[48] Stephanie Merry of The Washington Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, commenting ""Pride and Prejudice and Zombies" delivers what its title promises: a little romance and some undead villains, plus a bit of comedy. But this overly busy riff on Austen's winning formula doesn't justify all the tinkering."[49] Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News gave the film a B−, calling the film "Fun, funny, gory and yet still strangely romantic."[50]

text: Literary scholar and Austen professor Devoney Looser stated in Entertainment Weekly magazine her opinion that the film's first half, and especially Matt Smith's Mr. Collins, were comic, jarring, and enjoyable. She assessed the film overall with, "I laughed a lot and I shrieked. I was wavering between B+ and A−. I’m willing to bump it up for its originality and live with my grade-inflation reputation: A−." Zombie expert Clark Collis did not rate the film quite as high: "I enjoy genre movies that attempt something different—and this does—but I didn't find it all that scary. I'd give it a 'B'".[51]


document_title: International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

question_text: who wants to be a millionaire french game

text: This table lists all international variants in the television game show franchise Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? that have been broadcast since the debut of the original British version of the show on 4 September 1998. This list contains 215 winners.

text: International versions[edit]

text: Legend:      Currently airing        No Longer airing        Future version

text:
Countries/regions
Title
Host
Network
Top prize
Premiere
Ended
Current/last used format

 Afghanistan (in Pashto)[1]
څوك غواري چې شي میلیونر؟
Sok Ghwari Chi Shi Millonar?
Aryan Khan
Najeeba Faiz
Shamshad TV
ATN
Af.1,000,000
October 17, 2008

Original format

 Afghanistan (in Persian)
کی ميخواهد میلیونر شود؟
Ke Mekhowahad Milyoner Shawad?
Walid Soroor
Khatera Yusufi
ATN
Af.1,000,000
June 25, 2010

Original format

 Albania
 Kosovo
Kush do të bëhet milioner?
Veton Ibrahimi
Fehmi Ferati
Agron Llakaj
RTK1
TV Klan
€50,000
December 15, 2008
July 30, 2012
Original format

Enkel Demi
RTSH
€25,000
March 7, 2014
2014
Risk format

 Angola
Quem quer ser milionário?
Jorge Antunes
TV Zimbo
3,000,000Kz
2009
Unknown
Original format

  Arab Maghreb
من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah Al-malyoon
Rachid El Ouali
Nessma TV
€500,000
August 22, 2009
September 3, 2010
Original format

 Arab world
من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah Al-malyoon
George Kurdahi
MBC 1
SR1,000,000
September 14, 1998
May 2004
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

من سيربح 2 مليون؟
Man Sayarbah 2 Malyoon
SR2,000,000
May 2004
June 2007

من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah al-Malyoon
SR1,000,000
January 12, 2010
August 3, 2010
12-question format (with 4 lifelines)

المليونير - الحلقة الأقوى
El milyoner - Elhalka elaqwa[2]
Maysa Maghrebi
Dubai TV
AED1,000,000
April 17, 2013
January 12, 2014
Hot Seat format

من سيربح المليون؟
Man Sayarbah Al-malyoon[3]
George Kurdahi
OSN Yahala HD
SR2,000,000
October 16, 2015
April 8, 2016
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

 Argentina
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Julián Weich
El Trece
AR₱1,000,000
May 2000
December 2002
Original format

 Armenia
Ո՞վէ ուզում դառնալ միլիոնատեր
Ov e uzum darnal milionater
Ashot Adamyan
Mark Saghatelyan
Arman Saghatelyan
Avet Barseghyan
Shant TV
դր.5,000,000
2003
December 2008
Original format (with 4 lifeline since the first guaranteed sum)

Egor Glumov
May 1, 2011
November 19, 2011

Avet Barseghyan

November 20, 2011
January 2012

March 30, 2013
June 30, 2013

December 2014
January 2015

 Australia
Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?
Eddie McGuire
Nine Network
A$1,000,000
A$5,000,000 (2007)
April 18, 1999
March 6, 2010
Original format & 16-question format (2007)

Millionaire Hot Seat
A$1,000,000 + A$1,000
April 20, 2009

New Hot Seat format (with lifelines available and 15-question Fastest Finger First)

 Austria
Alles ist möglich — Die 10-Millionen Show
Rainhard Fendrich
ORF
ATS10,000,000
ATS500,000 (Celebrity edition)
January 24, 2000
December 31, 2001
Risk format

Die Millionenshow
Barbara Stöckl
Armin Assinger
ATS10,000,000 (Until January 1, 2002), €1,000,000
€75,000, earlier €50,000 (Celebrity edition)
€100,000 (Junior edition)
January 1, 2002

 Azerbaijan
Milyonçu - Dövlətli olmaq istərdinmi
Ilhamiye Rzayeva
Azer Akhsham
Lider TV
100,000,000 man.
August 9, 2002
2007
Original format

 Bangladesh
কে হতে চায় কোটিপতি
Ke Hotey Chay Kotipoti
Asaduzzaman Noor
Desh TV
৳1,00,00,000
July 10, 2011
November 2, 2011
Original format

 Belgium (in French)
Qui sera millionnaire?
Alain Simons
RTL-TVI
10,000,000₣
€1,000,000
1999
2002
2009
2001
2008
Unknown
Original format

 Belgium (in Dutch)[4]
Wie wordt multimiljonair?
Walter Grootaers
Staf Coppens
VTM
20,000,000₣
1999
2002
Original format (1999-2006)
Revised Hot Seat format (with 5-question Fastest Finger First and lifelines available) (2017)

Wie wordt euromiljonair?
€1,000,000
2002
August 7, 2017
2006
present

 Brazil [5]
Quem quer ser um milionário?
Luciano Huck
Rede Globo
R$1,000,000
May 6, 2017

Original format

 Bulgaria
Стани богат
Stani bogat
Niki Kunchev
Nova TV
100,000лв
200,000лв (2008)
May 12, 2001
May 30, 2014
12-question format

 Canada (in English)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition
Pamela Wallin
CTV
CA$1,000,000
September 13, 2000
September 14, 2000
Original format

 Cambodia[6]
អ្នកនឹងក្លាយជាសេដ្ឋី
Neak Neng Klay Chea Sethey
Ith Setha
CTN
៛100,000,000
June 29, 2013

Original format

 Chile
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Don Francisco
Sergio Lagos
Canal 13
US$100,000,000
US$65,000,000
April 2001
2003
Original format

¿Quién merece ser millonario?
Don Francisco
US$120,000,000
2006
2008
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

Sergio Lagos
September 2, 2010
December 30, 2010
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario?: Alta tensión
Diana Bolocco
Sergio Lagos
January 6, 2011
2012
Hot Seat format

 China
百万智多星
Bai Wan Zhi Duo Xing
Li Fan
GuiZhou TV
CN¥1,000,000
September 27, 2007
2008
Original format

 Colombia
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Paulo Laserna Phillips
Canal Caracol
$200,000,000
$210,000,000
$300,000,000
September 2, 2000
December 10, 2011
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

RCN
March 10, 2013
November 7, 2015
(season 2)
Original format (with 4 lifelines as of 2015)

 Costa Rica
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Ignacio Santos Pasamontes
Teletica
₡25,000,000
₡30,000,000
February 3, 2009
September 3, 2013
Original format (with 4 lifeline since the first guaranteed sum)

 Croatia
Tko želi biti milijunaš?
Tarik Filipović
HRT 1
1,000,000Kn
March 24, 2002
June 3, 2010
Original format

 Czech Republic
Chcete být milionářem?
Vladimír Čech†
Martin Preiss
Ondřej Hejma
Telka-Nova TV
10,000,000Kč
October 16, 2000
September 4, 2005
Original format

Marek Vašut
Nova
March 23, 2016
June 21, 2017[7]

September 27, 2016
August 23, 2017

Original format or Risk format (contestant's choice)

Milionář
Roman Šmucler
TV Prima
2,000,000Kč
February 4, 2008
September 2008
Original format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 Denmark
Hvem vil være millionær?
Peter Kær
Jes Dorph Petersen
Hans Pilgaard
TV2
1,000,000Kr
1999

Original format

Hvem vil være millionær: Alle mod alle
Hans Pilgaard
2,000,000Kr
2009
2009
Hot Seat format

 El Salvador
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Willie Maldonado
Telecorporación Salvadoreña
NZ$200,000,00
March 3, 2010
date unknown
Original format

 Ecuador
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros
Ecuavisa
A$25,000
A$50,000
2001
August 23, 2009
2004
November 28, 2010
Original format

¿Quién quiere ser millonario?: Alta tensión
Estéfani Espín
A$100,000
July 1, 2012
December 23, 2012
Hot Seat format

 Egypt
المليونير
El Milyoner
George Kurdahi
Al hayat TV2/1
1,000,000 ج.م
July 20, 2012
April 24, 2013
October 29, 2012
Unknown
Original format and clock format

 Estonia
Kes tahab saada miljonäriks?
Hannes Võrno
TV3
1,000,000Kr
September 8, 2002
December 3, 2008
Original format

 Finland
Haluatko miljonääriksi?
Lasse Lehtinen
Nelonen
1,000,000mk
€200,000
November 12, 1999
May 15, 2005
Original format

Ville Klinga
MTV3
€1,000,000
September 3, 2005
March 4, 2007

Jaajo Linnonmaa
Nelonen
€1,000,000
January 23, 2016

 France
Qui veut gagner des millions?
Jean-Pierre Foucault
TF1
3,000,000₣
4,000,000₣
1,000,000€
July 3, 2000
January 1, 2016
12-question format

 Georgia
ვის უნდა ოცი ათასი?
Vis Unda 20000
Duta Skhirtladze
Rustavi 2
20,000ლ
2001
2005
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

Mamuka Gamkrelidze
September 23, 2009
July 26, 2011

 Germany
Wer wird Millionär?
Günther Jauch
RTL
DM1,000,000
€1,000,000
€2,000,000 (Gamblers Special - Autumn 2013)
September 3, 1999

Risk format

 Ghana
Who Wants to Be Rich?
Kafui Dey
GTV
₵50,000
October 4, 2009
2012
Original format

 Greece
 Cyprus

Ποιος Θέλει Να Γίνει Εκατομμυριούχος?
Poios thelei na ginei Ekatommyriouchos?
Spiros Papadopoulos
Mega
₯50,000,000
October 4, 1999
2002
Original format

€150,000

NET
2002
2005

Theodore Atheridis

Alpha TV
€250,000
2005
2006

Millionaire Hot Seat
Yannis Zouganelis
Skai TV
€100,000
2014
2016
Hot Seat format

 Honduras
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Juan Carlos Pineda
Televicentro
L1,000,000
July 2, 2012
Date unknown
Original format

 Hong Kong
百萬富翁
Baak Maan Fu Yung
Kenneth Chan
ATV
HK$1,000,000
April 30, 2000
March 20, 2005
Original format

 Hungary
Legyen Ön is milliomos!
István Vágó
RTL Klub
25,000,000Ft
February 29, 2000
February 29, 2008
Original format

40,000,000Ft

Sándor Fábry
September 17, 2009
February 18, 2010

Sándor Friderikusz
February 29, 2012
May 30, 2012

RTL II
October 1, 2012
March 25, 2013

Legyen Ön is milliomos! - felpörgetve
Sándor Fábry
RTL Klub
March 18, 2010
May 27, 2010
Hot Seat format

 Iceland
Viltu vinna milljón?
Þorsteinn J
Stöð 2
1,000,000Kr
December 26, 2000
2005
Original format

Jónasar R. Jónssonar
5,000,000Kr

 India (in Hindi)
Kaun Banega Crorepati
Amitabh Bachchan
STAR Plus
₹10,000,000
June 3, 2000 (Season 1)
August 5, 2005 (Season 2)
2001 (Season 1)
2006 (Season 2)
Original format and Clock format
Hot Seat format (Hot seat only with celebrity contestants)

₹20,000,000

Shahrukh Khan
January 22, 2007 (Season 3)
April 19, 2007 (Season 3)

Amitabh Bachchan
Sony TV
₹50,000,000
October 11, 2010 (Season 4)
August 15, 2011 (Season 5)
September 7, 2012 (Season 6)
December 9, 2010 (Season 4)
November 17, 2011 (Season 5)
January 26, 2013 (Season 6)

₹70,000,000
September 6, 2013 (Season 7)
August 17, 2014 (Season 8)
August 28, 2017 (Season 9)
December 1, 2013 (Season 7)
November 16, 2014 (Season 8)
16-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline)

 India (in Malayalam)
നിങ്ങൾക്കും ആകാം കോടീശ്വരൻ
Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran
Suresh Gopi
Asianet
₹ 10,000,000
April 9, 2012
August 23, 2012 (Season 1)
July 18, 2013 (Season 2)
June 18, 2015 (Season 3)
July 6, 2017 (Season 4)
Original format and clock format

 India (in Tamil)
நீங்களும் வெல்லலாம் ஒரு கோடி
Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi
Suriya (Season 1)
Prakash Raj (Season 2)
Arvind Swamy
STAR Vijay
₹ 10,000,000
February 27, 2012

Original format and clock format

 India (in Telugu)
మీలో ఎవరు కోటీశ్వరుడు
Meelo Yevaru Koteeswarudu
Akkineni Nagarjuna (Season 1-3)

Chiranjeevi
Maa TV
₹ 10,000,000
June 9, 2014

Original format and clock format

 India (in Kannada)
ಕನ್ನಡದ ಕೋಟ್ಯಾಧಿಪತಿ
Kannadada Kotyadhipati
Puneet Rajkumar
Suvarna TV
₹ 10,000,000
March 12, 2012
July 28, 2012
Original format and clock format

 India (in Marathi)[8]
कोण होईल मराठी करोडपती
Kon Hoeel Marathi Crorepati
Sachin Khedekar[9]
ETV Marathi
₹ 10,000,000
May 8, 2013
Unknown
Original format and clock format

 India (in Bengali)
কে হবে বাংলার কোটিপতি
Ke Hobe Banglar Kotipoti
Sourav Ganguly
Mahuaa Bangla
₹ 10,000,000
June 4, 2011
Unknown
Original format

 India (Bhojpuri)
के बनी क्रोरेपती
Ke Bani Crorepati
Shatrughan Sinha
Mahuaa TV
₹ 10,000,000
June 6, 2011
August 12, 2011
Original format

 Indonesia
Who wants to be a millionaire?
Tantowi Yahya
RCTI
Rp.1,000,000,000
August 5, 2000
July 30, 2006
Original format

Super Milyarder 3 Milyar
Dian Sastrowardoyo
ANTV
Rp.3,000,000,000
September 24, 2006
January 21, 2007
Original format (with 4th lifeline since the first guaranteed sum)

Who Wants To Be a Millionaire Hot Seat
Ferdy Hasan
RCTI
Rp.500,000,000
September 13, 2010
October 31, 2010
Hot Seat format

 Ireland
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Gay Byrne
RTÉ One
IR£1,000,000
17 October 2000
29 March 2002
Original format

€1,000,000

 Israel
?מי רוצה להיות מיליונר
Mi rotseh lehiyot milyoner?
Yoram Arbel
Channel 2
Channel 10
₪1,000,000
November 18, 1999
2005
2003
2006
Original format

 Italy
Chi vuol essere miliardario?
Gerry Scotti
Canale 5
1,000,000,000₤
May 24, 2000
November 4, 2001
Original format (with one guaranteed sum)
Hot Seat format

Chi vuol essere milionario?
€1,000,000
March 11, 2002
July 29, 2011

Chi vuol essere milionario? – Edizione Straordinaria
December 15, 2008
March 29, 2009

 Ivory Coast
Qui veut gagner des millions?
Bamba Bakary
Yves Zogbo junior-senior
RTI
CFA30,000,000
October 8, 2010
September 7, 2013
Original format

 Japan
クイズ＄ミリオネア
kuizu$mirionea
Monta Mino
Fuji TV
¥10,000,000
¥1,000,000 Junior edition
April 20, 2000
January 2, 2013
Original format, later Clock format, then back to Original format.

 Kazakhstan (in Russian)
Кто возьмёт миллион?
Kto vozmyot million
Eugene Zhumanov
Serik Akishev
KTK
Khabar
₸5,000,000
₸10,000,000
May 19, 2001
September 16, 2017
September 30, 2006
Original format

 Kazakhstan (in Kazakh)
Миллион кiмге бұйырады?
Mïllïon kimge buyıradı?
Eskender Serkebayev
Khabar
₸5,000,000
2005
2006
Original format

 Kenya
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Fayyaz Qureshi
KTN
5,000,000Ksh
October 13, 2000
Unknown
Original format

 Kurdistan
Milyonêr
Ciwan Haco
Kanal4
100,000,000IQD
November 2009
Unknown
Original format (with 4 guaranteed sums, each after 3 questions)

 Kyrgyzstan
Миллионер болгуң келеби?
Millioner bolgung kelebi?
Erkin Ryskulbekov
KTRK
3,000,000 som
1,000,000 som
September 4, 2016

Original format

 Latvia
Gribi būt miljonārs?
Martinš Kibilds
Girts Licis
TV3
50,000 Ls.
10.000 Ls. (2002–2003)

2002
2008
Original format

 Lithuania
Kas laimės milijoną?
Henrikas Vaitiekūnas
Vytautas Kernagis†
TV3
1,000,000Lt.
May 16, 2002
August 18, 2005
Original format

 Macedonia
Кој сака да биде милионер?
Koj saka da bide milioner?
Sašo Macanovski Trendo
A1
3,000,000ден
4,000,000ден
August 23, 2004
November 2009
Original format

 Malaysia (in Malay)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Jalaluddin Hassan
NTV7
RM1,000,000
June 5, 2000[10]
2002
Original format

 Malaysia (in Mandarin)
百万富翁
Bai Wan Fu Weng
Victor Gu
NTV7
RM1,000,000
2001
2003
Original format

 Mexico
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Pablo Latapí
Azteca
MX$3,000,000
MX$1,500,000
March 23, 2010
2012
Original format

 Moldova
Vrei să fii milionar?[11]
Dan Negru
Prime TV
MDL1,000,000
December 4, 2011
June 2013
Original format

 Netherlands
(Lotto) Weekend Miljonairs
Robert ten Brink
SBS 6
RTL 4
ƒ1,000,000
€1,000,000
February 6, 1999
May 24, 2008
12-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

Lotto Weekend Miljonairs
Jeroen van der Boom
SBS 6
€ 1,000,000
March 12, 2011
October 15, 2011
12-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 New Zealand
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand
Mike Hosking
TV One
NZ$1,000,000
September 9, 2008
November 11, 2008
Original format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 Nigeria
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Frank Edoho
NTA, Silverbird TV
₦10,000,000
October 8, 2004

Original format

 Norway
Vil du bli millionær?
Arve Juritzen
Frithjof Wilborn
Sarah Natasha Melbye
TV2
2,000,000Kr
January 10, 2000
2008
Original format

Vil du bli millionær? Hotseat
Sarah Natasha Melbye
2009
2011
Hot Seat format

 Pakistan
Kya Aap Banaingay Crorepati?
Moin Akhtar
ARY Digital
₨10,000,000
2003
2004
Original format

 Panama
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Atenógenes Rodríguez
Telemetro
B/.100,000
July 9, 2009
December 29, 2011
Original format

 Peru
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Guido Lombardi
Red Global
1,000,000S/.
2001
2002
Original format

 Philippines
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Christopher de Leon
IBC
₱2,000,000
November 20, 2000
December 14, 2002
Original format

Vic Sotto
TV5
May 23, 2009
May 15, 2011
July 1, 2012
September 15, 2013
May 10, 2015
October 2, 2010
February 26, 2012
October 7, 2012
January 11, 2015
November 22, 2015
Original format and Risk format (with 4th lifeline)

 Poland
Milionerzy
Hubert Urbański
TVN
1,000,000zł
September 3, 1999
January 26, 2003
Original format

January 19, 2008
December 19, 2010
12-question format and Risk format

February 9, 2017

12-question format

 Portugal
Quem quer ser milionário?
Carlos Cruz
RTP 1
50,000,000$00
January 2000
May 2000
Original format

Maria Elisa Domingues
September 2000
January 2001

Diogo Infante
January 2001
April 2001

Jorge Gabriel
€250,000
September 2003
January 2008
January 2005
June 2008

Manuela Moura Guedes
€100,000
September 23, 2013
April 24, 2015

Quem quer ser milionário? Alta Pressão
José Carlos Malato
€100,000
July 5, 2010
April 28, 2015
September 16, 2011
December 30, 2015
Hot Seat format

 Romania
Vrei să fii miliardar?
Virgil Ianțu
Prima TV
1,000,000,000 lei
2000
2003
Original format

Vrei să fii milionar?
Kanal D
1,000,000 lei
August 24, 2011
November 29, 2012
Original format (with 4th lifeline after the second guaranteed sum)

Prima TV
March 22, 2014
2014

 Russia
О, счастливчик!
O, schastlivchik!
Dmitry Dibrov
NTV
1,000,000 ₽
October 1, 1999
January 27, 2001
Risk format

Кто хочет стать миллионером?
Kto khochet stat' millionerom?
Maxim Galkin
Dmitry Dibrov
ORT
1,000,000 ₽
3,000,000 ₽
February 19, 2001

 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Želite li da postanete milioner?
Ivan Zeljković
BKTV
3,000,000din.
May 6, 2002
April 24, 2006
Original format (with 4th lifeline after the first guaranteed sum)

B92
Prva (ex Fox)
5,000,000din
April 9, 2007
2010
June 22, 2009
2011

 Singapore (in Mandarin)
百万大赢家
Bai wan da ying jia
Cao Qitai
MediaCorp TV Channel 8
S$1,000,000
Aug 16, 2000
2004
Original format

 Singapore (in English)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Mark Van Cuylenburg
MediaCorp TV Channel 5
Apr 19, 2000
2004

 Slovakia
Milionár
Martin Nikodým
Markíza
1,000,000Sk
5,000,000Sk
September 2000
2006
Original format

Iveta Malachovská
Jednotka
10,000,000Sk
April 12, 2007
March 26, 2008
Original format (with 4 lifelines)

 Slovenia
Lepo je biti milijonar - Kviz z Jonasom
Jonas Žnidaršič
POP TV
10,000,000SIT
March 2000
2003
Original format

Lepo je biti milijonar
Boštjan Romih
POP TV
15,000,000SIT
2003
2005

Milijonar
Jonas Žnidaršič
TV SLO 1
€100,000
March 1, 2007
January 1, 2008

 South Africa
Who wants to be a millionaire?
Jeremy Maggs
M-NET
R1,000,000
November 7, 1999
2005
Original format

 South Korea
퀴즈쇼 밀리어네어
Kwijeusyo Millieoneeo
Kim Kap-soo
tvN
₩500,000,000
May 26, 2013
June 2, 2013
Clock format

 Spain
¿Quiere ser millonario? 50 por 15
Carlos Sobera
Telecinco
50,000,000₧
April 19, 1999
2001
12-question format

¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Carlos Sobera
Antonio Garrido
Antena 3
€1,000,000
July 25, 2005
May 18, 2009
May 2008
July 2009

El millonario[12]
Núria Roca
laSexta
€100,000
February 15, 2012
July 31, 2012
Hot Seat format

 Sri Lanka (in Sinhalese)
ඔබ ද ලක්ෂපති මම ද ලක්ෂපති
Obada Lakshapathi Mamada Lakshapathi
Lucky Dias
Chandana Suriyabandara
Sirasa TV
Rs.2,000,000
September 18, 2010

Original format

 Sri Lanka (in Tamil)
உங்களில் யார் மகா இலட்சாதிபதி
Ungali Yaar Maha Latchathipathi
Aparna Cutan
Shakthi TV
Rs.2,000,000
May 2011

Original format

Balendran Kandeeban 2012

 Sri Lanka (in English)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Riyaz Shah Jahan
MTV Sports
Rs.2,000,000
May 12, 2012

Original format

 Sweden
Vem vill bli miljonär?
Bengt Magnusson
TV4
10,000,000Kr
January 21, 2000
2003
Original format and Risk format

Postkodmiljonären
Rickard Sjöberg
1,000,000kr
2005

  Switzerland
Wer wird Millionär?
René Rindlisbacher
TV3
₣1,000,000
March 27, 2000
2001
Risk format

Claudio Zuccolini
3+
November 29, 2011
December 13, 2011

 Taiwan
超級大富翁
Chao ji da fu weng
Hsie Zhen-wu
TTV
NT$1,000,000
2000
2006
Original format

 Thailand
เกมเศรษฐี
Traiphop Limpapath
ThaiTV 3
ITV
TITV
1,000,000฿
March 4, 2000
January 14, 2008
16-question format

12-question format

 Turkey
Kim 500 Milyar İster?
Kenan Işık
Show TV
Kanal D
500.000.000.000 TL
March 7, 2000
2004
Original format

Kim 500 Bin İster?
Kenan Işık
Haluk Bilginer
Show TV
500.000 YTL
2005
2007

Kim Bir Milyon İster?
Kenan Işık
Star TV
1.000.000 YTL
February 1, 2008
2009
16-question format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

Kim Milyoner Olmak İster[13]
Kenan Işık
Selçuk Yöntem
Murat Yıldırım
aTV
1.000.000 TL
August 2, 2011

12-question format and Clock format (with 4th lifeline since the second guaranteed sum)

 Uganda
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Alan Kasujja
NTV
25,000,000USh
January 31, 2011
2012
Original format

 Ukraine
Хто хоче стати мiльйонером? Перший мільйон
Khto khoche staty milyonerom? Pershy milyon
Daniel Yanevsky
Anatoly Borsiuk
Ostap Stupka
1+1
1,000,000Ukrainian hryvnia
November 10, 2000
January 2006
Original format

Мільйонер - Гаряче крісло
Milyoner - Garyache Krislo
Vladimir Zelensky
Inter
February 15, 2011
August 13, 2011
Hot Seat format

 United Kingdom
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Chris Tarrant
ITV
£1,000,000
September 4, 1998
February 11, 2014
12-question format & Clock format & Original format

 United States
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Regis Philbin
ABC
US$1,000,000
August 16, 1999
June 27, 2002
Original format

August 9, 2009
August 23, 2009
Original format & Clock format

Meredith Vieira (2002–13)
Samantha Harris (2009-present)
Cedric the Entertainer (2013-14)
Terry Crews (2014–15)
Chris Harrison (2015-present)

Television syndication
September 16, 2002
June 2010

September 13, 2010

Shuffle format (2010–2015)
Original format with 14 questions (2015–present)

Who Wants to Be a Super Millionaire?
Regis Philbin
ABC
US$10,000,000
February 22–26, 2004
May 2004
May 2004
Original format with 15 questions

 Uruguay
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Andrés Tulipano
Teledoce
US$40,000
2001
Early 2002
Original format

 Venezuela
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
Eladio Lárez
RCTV
Bs.100,000,000
Bs.200,000,000
Bs.F200,000
August 23, 2000
January 20, 2010
Risk format

Televen
Bs.F250,000
Bs.F300,000
Bs.F400,000
Bs.F500,000
Bs.F2,000,000
May 8, 2011
March 4, 2012
November 27, 2011

 Vietnam
Ai là triệu phú
Lại Văn Sâm
VTV3
₫50,000,000
₫100,000,000
₫120,000,000
₫150,000,000
January 4, 2005
July 5, 2011
Present
Original format

Ai Là Triệu Phú - Ghế nóng
₫120,000,000
September 7, 2010
June 28, 2011
Hot Seat format

text: Catchphrases "Is that your final answer?"[edit]

text: The Millionaire franchise's catchphrase is "Is that your final answer?" (more commonly said by some versions' hosts as "Final answer?" or simply "Final?"), a question derived from a rule requirement that the players must clearly indicate their choices before being made official (since the nature of the game allows the player to think aloud about the options before committing to an answer). As a side effect, once a final answer has been given, it cannot be changed. Many parodies of the game show capitalised on this phrase. However, not every version has taken over such a catchphrase so that the answer is stated rather informally in that case.

text: Players can preempt the host from asking this question by themselves stating "final answer" or some variant after they declare their choice.

text: Another hallmark of the show is using dramatic pauses before the host acknowledges whether or not the answer was correct. Occasionally, on some versions, if it is time to go for a commercial break, the host will take the final answer but not announce if it is correct until after the break.

text:
Country
Host
Question
Translation

  Arab Maghreb
Rachid El Ouali
اللي ليها ليها؟
Elli leeha leeha?
What did happen to happen?

 Arab World
George Kurdahi
جواب نهائي؟
Jawab Nihaeyy?
Final answer?

Maysa Maghrebi
نثبت؟
Nthabbet?
Fix it?

 Argentina
Julián Weich
¿Respuesta final?
Final answer?

 Armenia
Avet Barseghyan
Սա Ձեր վերջնակա՞ն պատասխանն է:
Sa Dzer verjnaka n pataskhann e
Is that your final answer?

 Australia
Eddie McGuire
Lock it in?
N/A

 Azerbaijan
Azer Akhsham
Son qərarnızdır?
Is this your final decision?

 Belgium
Walter Grootaers
Is dit je definitieve antwoord?
Is this your definitive answer?

Alain Simons
C'est votre dernier mot?
Is that your final word?

 Brazil
Luciano Huck
Resposta Final?
Final answer?

 Chile
Don Francisco, Sergio Lagos
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

Diana Bolocco

 People's Republic of China
Li Fan
确定吗？
Que ding ma?
Are you sure to the answer?

 Colombia
Paulo Laserna Phillips
¿Última palabra?
Final word?

 Costa Rica
Ignacio Santos
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Denmark
Peter Kær
Er det dit endelige svar?
Is that your final answer?

Jes Dorph-Petersen

Hans Pilgaard

 Ecuador
Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros
¿Última palabra?
Final word?

Estéfani Espín

 El Salvador
Willie Maldonado
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Finland
Lasse Lehtinen
Ville Klinga
Jaajo Linnonmaa
Lukitaanko vastaus?
Shall we lock the answer?

 France
Jean-Pierre Foucault
C'est votre dernier mot?
Is that your final word?

 Hungary
István Vágó
Végleges?,Megjelöljük?
Final?, Shall we mark it?

 Hong Kong
Kenneth Chan
最後答案?
Zeoi hau daap ngon?
Final answer?

 Israel
Yoram Arbel
 ?סופי
Sofi?
Finally?

 Iceland
Þorsteinn J
Loka svar?
Final answer?

 India
Amitabh Bachchan
लॉक किया जाए?
Lock kiya jaye?
Lock it?

Shah Rukh Khan
फ्रिज़ करें?
Freeze kare?
Freeze it?

Akkineni Nagarjuna
Lock cheseyana?
Shall I lock it?

Prakash Raj
Lock panallama?
Shall we lock it?

Suresh Gopi
Lock cheyyam?
Let's lock?

Puneet Rajkumar
Lock maadoda?
Can it be locked?

 Italy
Gerry Scotti
È la tua risposta definitiva? L'accendiamo?
Is that your definitive answer? Shall we light it up?

 Japan
Monta Mino
ファイナルアンサー？
Fainaruansā?
Final answer?

 Malaysia
Jalaluddin Hassan
Jawapan muktamad?
Final answer?

 Mexico
Pablo Latapí
¿Decisión absoluta?
Absolute decision?

 New Zealand
Mike Hosking
Lock it in?
N/A

 Panama
Atenogenes Rodriguez
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Poland
Hubert Urbański
Ostatecznie? Definitywnie? Czy to jest twoja ostateczna odpowiedź?
Finally? Definitely? Is that your final answer?

 Portugal
Jorge Gabriel
Quer que bloqueie?
Shall I lock?

Manuela Moura Guedes

 Romania
Virgil Ianțu
Răspuns final?
Final answer?

 Russia
Dmitry Dibrov
Это ваш окончательный ответ?
Eto vash okonchatel'nyy otvet
This is your final answer?

Maxim Galkin

 Slovenia
Jonas Žnidaršič
Je to Vaš zadnji odgovor?
Is that your final answer?

 Spain
Carlos Sobera
¿La marcamos? ¿Respuesta final?
Shall we mark it? Final answer?

 Turkey
Selçuk Yöntem
Son kararınız mı?
Your final decision?

 Venezuela
Eladio Lárez
¿Respuesta definitiva?
Definitive answer?

 Vietnam
Lại Văn Sâm-Thiên Bảo
Câu trả lời cuối cùng của bạn là?
Your final answer is?


document_title: Skulduggery Pleasant

question_text: when is the next skulduggery pleasant book coming out

text: Skulduggery Pleasant

text: Summary[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Publication date
Counts
ISBN

First series

1
Skulduggery Pleasant
3 April 2007
67,424 words / 392 pages[4]
ISBN 9780061231155

2
Playing with Fire
1 April 2008
62,906 words / 389 pages[5]
ISBN 9780061240881

3
The Faceless Ones
6 April 2009
69,451 words / 422 pages[6]
ISBN 9780061240911

4
Dark Days
1 April 2010
76,964 words / 416 pages[7]
ISBN 9780007325979

5
Mortal Coil
2 September 2010
103,964 words / 572 pages[8]
ISBN 9780007326013

6
Death Bringer
1 September 2011
118,157 words / 604 pages[9]
ISBN 9780007326037

7
Kingdom of the Wicked
30 August 2012
135,035 words / 607 pages[10]
ISBN 9780007480210

8
Last Stand of Dead Men
29 August 2013
164,097 words / 604 pages[11]
ISBN 9780007489237

9
The Dying of the Light
28 August 2014
TBA
ISBN 9780007489282

Second series

10
Resurrection
1 June 2017
TBA
ISBN 9780008169022

11
Midnight[12]
1 June 2018[13]
TBA
ISBN 9780008284602

text: First series novels[edit]

text: Skulduggery Pleasant[edit]

text: Twelve-year-old Stephanie Edgley is tired of her boring and miserable life. But when a mysterious man breaks into her recently inherited uncle's house and tries to kill her, she is saved by a funny, arrogant, fireball-throwing, 400-year-old detective that goes with the name of Skulduggery Pleasant, who just so happens to be a walking skeleton, and she pulled with him to a secret world of danger, murder and magic. Later in the book, taking the new name of Valkyrie Cain, Stephanie partners up with Skulduggery to solve her uncle's murder, meeting all types of people along the way, to prevent the devious Nefarian Serpine from obtaining the Sceptre of Ancients, a mystical weapon that can slay gods. The Sceptre is a powerful weapon which can be used to defeat and overcome the world and bring back the Faceless Ones.

text: Playing with Fire[edit]

text: Baron Vengeous, one of Mevolent's Three Generals, has escaped from prison, and he has big plans for the Grotesquery, a dark creature created from the remains of some of the most deadly creatures to ever walk the earth. Most worryingly of all, it has a torso of a Faceless One, one of the dark gods that ruled the earth eons ago, and Baron plans to use this to bring back the rest of the Faceless Ones, so they may resume their reign of tyranny and torture, and to help him with this endeavour he has an army of vampires at his disposal. This will be Skulduggery and Valkyrie's toughest battle yet.

text: The Faceless Ones[edit]

text: As a string of murders whittles down the number of teleporters in the world at an alarming rate, it is quickly linked to a fanatical cult named the Diablerie, who worship horrific Dark gods known as the Faceless Ones, as they attempt to open a portal with the goal of returning the Faceless Ones to the world. With the assistance of a cocky young teleporter, Fletcher Renn, Valkyrie and Skulduggery have very little time to track down a mysterious man named Batu, stop the Diablerie, and prevent the Faceless ones from returning to earth, because if they don't, the world will burn. This one will have deadly consequences.

text: Dark Days[edit]

text: Following the events of The Faceless Ones, Valkyrie has tracked down Skulduggery's original skull, with which she can open another portal to the home dimension of the Faceless Ones and rescue Skulduggery. However, things do not go exactly as planned as Skulduggery has become unhinged thanks to his experiences with the Faceless Ones, but it is quickly revealed that they have much bigger problems to worry about: The Revengers Club, a group of criminals and murderers (and Scapegrace), who are out for revenge against those who wronged them in the way they know best: mass murder. And if that wasn't enough to deal with, sensitives all around the globe are having visions of a new threat, one that will bring the world to its knees: Darquesse.

text: Mortal Coil[edit]

text: Between the shocking revelation that her true name is Darquesse, a near deathly being that sensitives have had terrifying apocalyptic visions of, in which she turns the world into a charred lifeless husk, an outbreak of at least 2000 vicious, soul possessing shadows known as Remnants who turn their hosts into murdering psychopaths with no remorse, and a prophecy which may make her the Death Bringer, a messiah to the necromancers who they believe will be their salvation, Valkyrie Cain has a lot to worry about. And this time, she might not make it.

text: Death Bringer[edit]

text: The Death Bringer has finally arrived, and she has brought with her an eagerness to end the world as we know it, and initiate the passage, a secretive ritual which necromancers refuse to explain to the rest of the magical community, only that it will 'tear down the barriers between life and death'. But when the horrific truth behind the passage is revealed, Valkyrie and Skulduggery are caught up in a hectic race against time to save half of the world's population from an untimely death, a race that will have both Skulduggery and Valkyrie facing their inner demons.

text: Kingdom of the Wicked[edit]

text: Mortals all throughout the world are inexplicably obtaining magical powers, and the trail seems to lead to Argeddion, a pacifistic, almost god like being, who, with the knowledge of his true name, hopes to bring magic to the masses, and lift the world into a new era of enlightenment and peace. The only problem with his seemingly idyllic plan: many of his test subjects are running wild, drunk on their newfound power, and are slaughtering innocent people and on the verge of exposing magic to the world. All of this poses a credible challenge to Skulduggery and Valkyrie. They also have the Supreme Council to deal with, an allied group of sanctuaries trying to convince the Irish to hand over control after the recent series of catastrophes. To make things worse, Valkyrie starts having uncontrollable trans-dimensional jaunts to a world controlled by sorcerers, where mortals live in terror and Mevolent still lives. So, just another usual day then.

text: Last Stand of Dead Men[edit]

text: The war between sanctuaries that everyone has been expecting has finally come, with the Supreme Council making a desperate grab for control of the cradle of magic, sparking a brutal war that will turn friend into enemy, and ally to foe. But even as the Dead Men make their final stand for their country and their freedom, there is another war raging, inside Valkyrie Cain herself, and it is much more important. Because if she loses, Darquesse will rise, the world will burn, and everyone she knows and loves will perish.

text: The Dying of the Light[edit]

text: The final book of the first series. The War of the Sanctuaries has been won, but it was not without its casualties. Rogue supercharged sorcerers from the battle of Roarhaven are running loose. Following Darquesse taking over the body of Valkyrie Cain, Skulduggery Pleasant must use any and all means to track down and stop Darquesse and hopefully free Valkyrie before she turns the world into a charred, lifeless cinder. And so he draws together a team of soldiers, monster hunters, killers, criminals, and Valkyrie's own murderous and sentient reflection.

text: Second series novels[edit]

text: Resurrection[edit]

text: A lot has changed. Roarhaven is now a magical city, where sorcerers can live openly. Valkyrie Cain has been out of action for years, recovering from the war against her alter-ego Darquesse, which nearly destroyed her and everyone else. Some things never change, though: bad people still want to do bad things, and Skulduggery Pleasant is still there to stop them. When Skulduggery learns of a plot to resurrect a terrifying evil, he persuades Valkyrie to join him for just 24 hours. But they need someone else on their team, someone inconspicuous, someone who can go undercover: Omen Darkly, a student at the new Corrival Academy, a school for the magically gifted.

text: Midnight[edit]

text: Valkyrie has struggled to keep her family safe ever since she became a sorcerer, while she battled alongside Skulduggery and returned victorious every time. However, a killer kidnaps Alice, her little sister, to force Valkyrie into a final battle. Valkyrie is joined by Skulduggery and Omen Darkly, to find Alice within twelve hours, before it's too late.[14]

text: Short stories and novellas[edit]

text: The End of the World[edit]

text: In June 2011 Landy posted on his blog that he would be writing a short story about Skulduggery called The End of the World.[15] It was released in late February 2012 to coincide with World Book Day 2012. The Australian release of this novella came with an additional short story titled Just Another Friday Night. Deleted scenes from Skulduggery Pleasant were included. It is set a few months after Death Bringer. It was included in the 2014's short story collection.

text: Tanith Low in... The Maleficent Seven[edit]

text: A novella featuring Tanith Low was published in 2013. The cover and title were released on 7 December 2012 after several delays. Landy stated it was his favourite book cover ever. It was released on 28 March 2013 in the U.K & Ireland and 1 April in some other countries. The novella follows Tanith Low and Billy-Ray Sanguine as they form a team of villains, outcasts and monsters in order to collect the God-killer weapons, so that they may never be used against Darquesse, whilst Dexter Vex has recruited a team to collect the weapons with the exact opposite in mind: he wants to stockpile the weapons in order to be used against Darquesse. It's a good day to be a bad guy....

text: Armageddon Outta Here[edit]

text: Armageddon Outta Here is a collection of all the previous short stories and novellas published in the series along with 3 new short stories, 1 new novella and a sample chapter from the final book.[16] It was released on 3 July 2014.[17] The order below represents chronological order, as they as listed in the collection, as opposed to their original publication date.[18][19]

text:
Across a Dark Plain: 1861: The Dead Men traversed South Dakota on the hunt for their target, Nefarian Serpine.
The Horror Writers' Halloween Ball: 1986: Gordon Edgley and Skulduggery Pleasant attend the party of the enigmatic Sebastian Fawkes.
The Lost Art of World Domination: Set after Skulduggery Pleasant, Scaramouch Van Dreg manages to capture Skulduggery Pleasant. Originally included in Skulduggery Pleasant.
Gold, Babies and the Brothers Muldoon: Set after Playing with Fire, The Muldoons kidnap babies and hold them to ransom. Originally included in Playing with Fire.
The Slightly Ignominious End to the Legend of Black Annis: Set after The Faceless Ones, Tanith Low encounters Black Annis for the first time. Originally included in The Faceless Ones.
Friday Night Fights: Sometime before Dark Days, The story of how Valkyrie Cain and Caelan met each other.
Myosotis Terra: Set after Dark Days, Skulduggery and Valkyrie search for Myosotis Terra. As part of a competition, a short story was written in 2011 with the winning entry featuring as a character. Some European editions of Mortal Coil contained this story. It was re-released in the tour edition of the 2012 Australian tour edition.
The Wonderful Adventures of Geoffrey Scrutinous: Set after Mortal Coil, Geoffrey Scrutinous and Skulduggery Pleasant search for Elwood Satchel. Originally included in Mortal Coil.
Just Another Friday Night: Sometime before Death Bringer, Tane Aiavao and Hayley Skirmish meet with a cursed family.
The End of the World: Set after Death Bringer, Skulduggery and Valkyrie attempt to solve a mystery surrounding Deacon Maybury, Ryan and the Doomsday Machine.
Trick or Treat: Sometime before The Maleficent Seven, Tanith and Billy-Ray Sanguine continue their quest to destroy the God-Killers. In October 2011, Derek Landy posted a Halloween special on his blog, a short story featuring Tanith Low and Billy-Ray Sanguine, titled Trick or Treat.[20] It is a prelude to The Maleficent Seven as it deals with the God-Killer weapons.
Get Thee Behind Me, Bubba Moon: Set after Kingdom of the Wicked, A haunted house is investigated.
The Button: Set after Theatre of Shadows: Skulduggery and Valkyrie attempt to avert the cause of the world's destruction. Derek Landy announced on 14 December 2012 that from 21 to 22 December, a short story relating to the Mayan 2012 apocalypse theory would be available on his blog, titled The Button. It was eventually included in the short story collection.[21]

text: Covers[edit]

text: As of October 2010, a series of new covers have been released. The first book's cover is more or less the back cover of the normal cover (only blue). The second cover is gold, the third is purple, the fourth is red, the fifth is green, the sixth is dark blue, the seventh is silver and the eighth is yellow. The new mass market paperback edition covers all feature Skulduggery on the front and Valkyrie on the back.[22] Some were released with a short story set a few months after the plot of the novel. Landy stated on his blog that these stories will be gradually removed from the reprints of the books and instead published in a collection of short stories in early 2014.[23]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Skulduggery Pleasant won the Red House Children's Book Award,[24] the Bolton Children's Book Award[25] and the Staffordshire Young Teen Fiction Award.[26] The book was also recommended for confident readers (9+) by the Richard & Judy Children's Book Club in 2007. It also won the Portsmouth Book Awards in 2008, having been selected by school children in Portsmouth, as well as winning Irish book of the decade in 2010.[27] Also, in 2009, it won the Kernow Youth and Grampian Book Awards by a majority vote. It had also been nominated for Young Reader's Choice Awards 2010 in North America and it won Irish book awards in 2009 and 2010.

text: Reception and reviews[edit]

text: As the first four novels released, immense popularity and positive reviews have been given to the novels. Many critics praised Derek Landy's way of writing due to his large gallery of characters.

text: Phillip Ardagh (The Guardian):

text: Nathan Nicholls (Whitby Gazette):

text: Christina Hardyment (The Independent):

text: The Times:

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: A movie adaption was in development under Warner Brothers but according to the author Derek Landy the script was "the worst thing [he'd] ever read".[32]

text: In December 2010 Landy announced on his blog that the movie rights were back with him.[33]


document_title: Abigail MacBride Allen

question_text: who owns the rights to the little house books

text: Abigail MacBride Allen

text: Abigail MacBride Allen (born 1970) is the heir of the literary rights to the "Little House" books by Laura Ingalls Wilder[1] and is the daughter of Roger Lea MacBride, the 1976 Libertarian candidate for President of the U.S.[2]

text: At the time of her father's death in 1995,[3] it was estimated that the value of the "Little House" fortune was $100 million.[1] Little is known about her life or current residence, though she traveled with her father frequently during his 1976 presidential bid.[4] She also made public appearances with Roger Lea MacBride during events celebrating Laura Ingalls Wilder.[5]

text: She was living in Charlottesville, VA and Miami Beach at the time of her father's death in 1995.[3] She is not the biological heir of Laura Ingalls Wilder. Wilder's daughter Rose Wilder Lane, who had no children, befriended a young Roger Lea MacBride and later made him her heir.[5] Abigail was adopted by Roger Lea MacBride shortly after her birth in 1970.[4] Her rights as sole heir to the "Little House" fortune came in 2001 after a contentious two-year lawsuit.[6] No images are publicly available, but she was described as a "raven-haired Southern beauty" by a New York Post reporter in 1999.[7]


document_title: List of Edicts of Ashoka

question_text: where was the inscription of ashok found in rajasthan

text: List of Edicts of Ashoka

text: Major Pillar Edicts (set of 7)[edit]

text:
Kandahar, Afghanistan (fragments of Pillar Edicts VII)
Ranigat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Delhi-Meerut, Delhi ridge, Delhi (Pillar Edicts I, II, III, IV, V, VI; moved from Meerut to Delhi by Feroz Shah)
Delhi-Topra, Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi (Pillar Edicts I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII; moved from Topra to Delhi by Feroz Shah)
Vaishali, Bihar (has no inscription)
Rampurva, Champaran, Bihar (Pillar Edicts I, II, III, IV, V, VI)
Lauriya-Nandangarth, Champaran, Bihar (Pillar Edicts I, II, III, IV, V, VI)
Lauriya-Araraj, Champaran, Bihar (Pillar Edicts I, II, III, IV, V, VI)

text: Minor Pillar Edicts[edit]

text:
Lumbini (Rummindei), Rupandehi district, Nepal (the upper part broke off when struck by lightning; the original horse capital mentioned by Xuanzang is missing)
Nigali-Sagar (or Nigliva), near Lumbini, Rupandehi district, Nepal (originally near the Buddha Konakarnana stupa)
Sarnath, near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (Pillar Inscription, Schism Edict)
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh (originally located at Kausambi and probably moved to Allahabad by Jahangir; Pillar Edicts I-VI, Queen's Edict, Schism Edict)
Sanchi, near Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (Schism Edict)

text: Major Rock Edicts (set of 14)[edit]

text:
Kandahar Greek Inscription  (portions of Rock Edicts 12 and 13in Greek) and  Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription (bilingual Greek-Aramaic), in Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Shahbazgarhi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (in Kharosthi script)
Mansehra Rock Edicts, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan (in Kharosthi script)
Kalsi, near Chakrata, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand
Girnar, near Junagadh, Gujarat (Ashoka's Major Rock Edict)
Sopara, Thane district, Maharashtra (fragments Rock Edicts 8 and 9)
Dhauli, near Bhubaneswar, Orissa (includes Kalinga Edict, excludes Rock Edicts 11-13)
Jaugada, Ganjam district, Orissa (includes Kalinga Edict, excludes Rock Edicts 11-13)
Sannati, Gulbarga district, Karnataka (separate Rock Edicts 1 and 2, fragments Rock Edicts 13 and 14)
Yerragudi, near Gooty, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh (Major Rock Edicts and Minor Rock Edict)

text: Minor Rock Edict[edit]

text:
Kandahar, Afghanistan
Lampaka, Afghanistan
Bahapur, Delhi
Bairat, near Jaipur, Rajasthan
Bhabru, second hill at Bairat, Rajasthan
Gujarra, near Jhansi, Datia district, Madhya Pradesh
Rupnath, on the Kaimur Hills near Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Panguraria, Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh
Sohgaura, Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh
Sahasram, Rohtas district, Bihar
Barabar Caves, Bihar (donatory inscriptions to the Ājīvika sect)
Mahasthan, Bogra district, Bangladesh
Rajula-Mandagiri, near Pattikonda, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh
Palkigundu and Gavimath, Koppal district, Karnataka
Suvarnagiri (Kanakagiri), Koppal district, Karnataka
Brahmagiri, Chitradurga district, Karnataka
Jatinga-Rameshwara, near Brahmagiri, Karnataka
Siddapur, near Brahmagiri, Karnataka
Maski, Raichur district, Karnataka
Nittur, Bellary district, Karnataka
Udegolam, Bellary district, Karnataka