document_title: Biltmore Estate

question_text: when did biltmore house open to the public

text: Biltmore Estate

text: History[edit]

text: In the 1880s, at the height of the Gilded Age, George Washington Vanderbilt II, youngest son of William Henry Vanderbilt, began to make regular visits with his mother, Maria Louisa Kissam Vanderbilt (1821–1896), to the Asheville, North Carolina, area. He loved the scenery and climate so much that he decided to create his own summer estate in the area, which he called his "little mountain escape", just as his older brothers and sisters had built opulent summer houses in places such as Newport, Rhode Island, and Hyde Park, New York. Vanderbilt named his estate Biltmore derived from "Bildt," Vanderbilt's ancestors' place of origin in Holland, and "More", Anglo-Saxon for open, rolling land.[3] A portion of the estate was once the African-American community of Shiloh.[4] Vanderbilt bought almost 700 parcels of land, including over 50 farms and at least five cemeteries. A spokesperson for the estate said in 2017 that archives show much of the land "was in very poor condition, and many of the farmers and other landowners were glad to sell."[5]

text: Construction of the house began in 1889 and continued well into 1896. In order to facilitate such a large project, a woodworking factory and brick kiln, which produced 32,000 bricks a day, were built onsite, and a three-mile railroad spur was constructed to bring materials to the building site. Construction on the main house required the labor of well over 1,000 workers and 60 stonemasons.[6] Vanderbilt went on extensive buying trips overseas as construction on the house was in progress. He returned to North Carolina with thousands of furnishings for his newly built home including tapestries, hundreds of carpets, prints, linens, and decorative objects, all dating between the 15th century and the late 19th century. Among the few American-made items were the more practical oak drop-front desk, rocking chairs, a walnut grand piano, bronze candlesticks and a wicker wastebasket.[7]

text: George Vanderbilt opened his opulent estate on Christmas Eve 1895 to invited family and friends from across the country, who were encouraged to enjoy leisure and country pursuits. Notable guests to the estate over the years included author Edith Wharton, novelist Henry James, ambassadors Joseph Hodges Choate and Larz Anderson, and Presidents William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. George married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser in 1898 in Paris, France; their only child, Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt, was born at Biltmore in the Louis XV room in 1900, and grew up at the estate.

text: Driven by the impact of the newly imposed income taxes, and the fact that the estate was getting harder to manage economically, Vanderbilt initiated the sale of 87,000 acres (352 km²) to the federal government. After Vanderbilt's unexpected death in 1914 of complications from an emergency appendectomy, his widow completed the sale to carry out her husband's wish that the land remain unaltered, and that property became the nucleus of the Pisgah National Forest.[6] Overwhelmed with running such a large estate, Edith began consolidating her interests and sold Biltmore Estate Industries in 1917 and Biltmore Village in 1921. Edith intermittently occupied the house, living in an apartment carved out of the former Bachelors' Wing, until the marriage of her daughter to John Francis Amherst Cecil in April 1924. The Cecils went on to have two sons who were born in the same room as their mother.

text: In an attempt to bolster the estate's financial situation during the Great Depression, Cornelia and her husband opened Biltmore to the public in March 1930 at the request of the City of Asheville, which hoped the attraction would revitalize the area with tourism.[8] Biltmore closed during World War II and in 1942, 62 paintings and 17 sculptures were moved to the estate by train from the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. to protect them in the event of an attack on the United States. The Music Room on the first floor was never finished, so it was used for storage until 1944, when the possibility of an attack became more remote. Among the works stored were the Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington and works by Rembrandt, Raphael, and Anthony van Dyck. David Finley, the gallery director, was a friend of Edith Vanderbilt and had stayed at the estate.[9]

text: After the divorce of the Cecils in 1934, Cornelia left the estate never to return; however, John Cecil maintained his residence in the Bachelors' Wing until his death in 1954. Their eldest son George Henry Vanderbilt Cecil, occupied rooms in the wing until 1956. At this point Biltmore House ceased to be a family residence and has continued to be operated as a historic house museum.

text: Younger son William A. V. Cecil, Sr. returned to the estate in 1960 and joined his brother to manage the estate and make it a profitable and self-sustaining enterprise like his grandfather envisioned. He eventually inherited the estate upon the death of his mother, Cornelia, in 1976, while his brother, George, inherited the then more profitable dairy farm which was split off into Biltmore Farms. In 1995, while celebrating the 100th anniversary of the estate, Cecil turned over control of the company to his son, William A.V. Cecil, Jr. The Biltmore Company is privately held and of the 4,306.86 acres that make up Biltmore Estate, only 1.36 acres are in the city limits of Asheville, and the Biltmore House is not part of any municipality.[10]

text: The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963,[11] and remains a major tourist attraction in Western North Carolina with over 1 million visitors each year.[12]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: Vanderbilt commissioned prominent New York architect Richard Morris Hunt, who had previously designed houses for various Vanderbilt family members, to design the house in the Châteauesque style, using French Renaissance chateaus that Vanderbilt and Hunt had visited in early 1889, including Château de Blois, Chenonceau and Chambord in France and Waddesdon Manor in England, as inspiration with their steeply pitched roofs, turrets and sculptural ornamentation.[13] Hunt sited the four-story Indiana limestone-built home to face east with a 375-foot facade to fit into the mountainous topography behind. The facade is asymmetrically balanced with two projecting wings connecting to the entrance tower with an open loggia to the left side and a windowed arcade to the right which held the Winter Garden that was fashionable during the Victorian era. The entrance tower contains a series of windows with decorated jambs that extend from the front door to the most decorated dormer at Biltmore on the fourth floor. The carved decorations include trefoils, flowing tracery, rosettes, gargoyles, and at prominent lookouts, grotesques. The staircase is one of the more prominent features of the east facade, with its three-story, highly decorated winding balustrade with carved statues of St. Louis and Joan of Arc by the Austrian-born architectural sculptor Karl Bitter.

text: The south facade has the smallest dimensions for the house and is dominated by three large dormers on the east side and a polygonal turret on the west side. An arbor is attached to the house and is accessed from the library which is located on the ground floor. On the north end of the house, Hunt placed the attached stables, carriage house and its courtyard to protect the house and gardens from the wind. The 12,000-square-foot complex housed Vanderbilt's prized driving horses and the carriage house opposite the stables stored his 20 carriages in addition to any of his guest's carriages.

text: The rear western elevation is less elaborate than the front facade, with some windows not having any decoration at all. Two matching polygonal towers in the center are connected to the polygonal south turret by an open loggia that opens the main rooms of the house to the views of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the distance. The loggia is decorated overhead with terracotta tiles set in a herringbone pattern. The self-supporting ceramic tile vault and arch system was used extensively inside and outside of Biltmore, and was patented by Rafael Guastavino, a Spanish architect and engineer, who personally supervised the installation. The limestone columns were carved to reflect the sunlight in aesthetically pleasing and varied ways per Vanderbilt's wish. The rusticated base is a contrast to the smooth limestone used on the remainder of the house.

text: The steeply pitched roof is punctuated by 16 chimneys and covered with slate tiles that were affixed one by one. Each tile was drilled at the corners and wired onto the attic’s steel infrastructure. Copper flashing was then installed at the junctions to prevent water from penetrating. The fanciful flashing on the ridge of the roof was embossed with George Vanderbilt’s initials and motifs from his family crest, though the original gold leaf no longer survives.[14]

text: Biltmore House had electricity from the time it was built. With electricity less safe and fire more of a danger at the time, the house had six separate sections divided by brick fire walls.[15]

text: Vanderbilt paid little attention to the family business or his own investments, and it is believed that the construction and upkeep of Biltmore depleted much of his inheritance.[citation needed]

text: Interiors[edit]

text: First floor[edit]

text: Biltmore has four acres of floor space and a total of 250 rooms in the house including 35 bedrooms for family and guests, 43 bathrooms, 65 fireplaces, three kitchens and 19th-century novelties such as electric elevators, forced-air heating, centrally controlled clocks, fire alarms, and a call-bell system.[13] The principal rooms of the house are located on the ground floor. To the right of the marbled Entrance Hall, the octagonal, sunken Winter Garden is surrounded by stone archways with a ceiling of architecturally sculptured wood and multifaceted glass. The centerpiece is a marble and bronze fountain sculpture titled Boy Stealing Geese created by Karl Bitter. On the walls just outside the Winter Garden are copies of the Parthenon frieze. The Banquet Hall is the largest room in the house, measuring 42 feet wide and 72 feet long, with a 70-foot-high barrel-vaulted ceiling. The table could seat 64 guests surrounded by rare Flemish tapestries and a triple fireplace that spans one end of the hall. On the opposite end of the hall is an organ gallery that houses a 1916 Skinner pipe organ. Left unfinished with bare brick walls, the Music Room was not completed and opened to the public until 1976. It showcases a mantle designed by Hunt, and a large engraving by Albrecht Dürer called the Triumphal Arch commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. The mantle had been stored in the stable for over 80 years. To the left of the entrance hall is the 90-foot-long Tapestry Gallery, which leads to the Library, featuring three 16th-century tapestries representing The Triumph of Virtue Over Vice. Elsewhere on the walls are family portraits by John Singer Sargent, Giovanni Boldini and James Whistler. The two-story Library contains over 10,000 volumes in eight languages, reflecting George Vanderbilt's broad interests in classic literature as well as works on art, history, architecture, and gardening. The second-floor balcony is accessed by an ornate walnut spiral staircase. The baroque detailing of the room is enhanced by the rich walnut paneling and the ceiling painting, The Chariot of Aurora, brought to Biltmore by Vanderbilt from the Palazzo Pisani Moretta in Venice, Italy. The painting by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini is the most important work by the artist still in existence.[16]

text: Second floor[edit]

text: The second floor is accessed by the cantilevered Grand Staircase of 102 steps spiraling around a four-story, wrought-iron chandelier holding 72 light bulbs.[17] The Second Floor Living Hall is an extension of the grand staircase as a formal hall and portrait gallery, and was restored to its original configuration in 2013. Several large-scale masterpieces are displayed in the hall, including two John Singer Sargent portraits of Biltmore's architect, Richard Morris Hunt, and landscaper, Frederick Law Olmsted, both commissioned for the home by Vanderbilt.[18] Located nearby in the south tower is George Vanderbilt's gilded bedroom with furniture designed by Hunt. His bedroom connects to his wife's Louis XV-style, oval-shaped bedroom in the north tower through a Jacobean carved oak paneled sitting room with an intricate ceiling.

text: The suite of rooms includes the Damask Room; the Claude Room, named after one of Vanderbilt's favorite artists, Claude Lorrain; the Tyrolean Chimney Room; and the most grand, the Louis XV Room, so named due to its architectural scheme and furnishings that were very popular in the late nineteenth century. The suite was restored and opened to the public for the first time in 100 years in 2011.[19]

text: Third and fourth floors[edit]

text: The third floor has a number of guest rooms with names that describe the furnishing or artist that they were decorated with. The fourth floor has 21 bedrooms that were inhabited by housemaids, laundresses, and other female servants. Also included on the fourth floor is an Observatory with a circular staircase that leads to a wrought iron balcony with doorways to the rooftop where Vanderbilt could view his estate. Male servants were not housed here, however, but instead resided in rooms above the stable and complex.[13]

text: Bachelors' wing[edit]

text: The Billiard Room is decorated with an ornamental plaster ceiling and rich oak paneling and was equipped with both a custom-made pool table and a carom table (table without pockets). The room was mainly frequented by men, but ladies were welcome to enter as well. Secret door panels on either side of the fireplace lead to the private quarters of the Bachelors’ Wing where female guests and staff members were not allowed. The wing includes the Smoking Room, which was fashionable for country houses, and the Gun Room, which held mounted trophies and displayed George Vanderbilt’s gun collection.[13]

text: Basement[edit]

text: Guests of the estate could enjoy other activities that were found on the basement level, including an indoor 70,000-gallon (265,000-litre and 265-cubic meter) heated swimming pool with underwater lighting, one of the nation's first bowling alleys installed in a private residence, and a gymnasium with once state-of-the-art fitness equipment. The service hub of the house is also found in the largest basement in the US, as the location for the main kitchen, pastry kitchen, rotisserie kitchen, walk-in refrigerators that provided an early form of mechanical refrigeration, the servants' dining hall, laundry rooms and additional bedrooms for staff.

text: Park and landscape[edit]

text: Wanting the best, Vanderbilt envisioned a park-like setting for his home and employed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to design the grounds. However, Olmsted was not impressed with the condition of the 125,000 acres (195 sq mi; 510 km2) and advised for a park surrounding the house, establishing farms along the river and replanting the rest as a commercial timber forest, a plan to which Vanderbilt agreed. Gifford Pinchot and later Carl A. Schenck were hired to manage the forests, with Schenck establishing the first forestry education program in the U.S., the Biltmore Forest School, on the estate grounds in 1898.

text: Another important aspect of the landscaping was the intentionally rustic three-mile (5 km) Approach Road that began at the brick quoined and pebbledash stucco Lodge Gate at the edge of Biltmore Village, and ended at the sphinx-topped stone pillars at the Esplanade. In between, the lane was densely filled with natural and uncultivated looking foliage and shrubbery to provide a relaxing journey for guests. Olmsted made sure to incorporate 75 acres (30 ha) of formal gardens that had been requested by Vanderbilt for the grounds directly surrounding the house. He constructed an Italian formal garden, a walled garden, a shrub and rose garden, fountains, and a conservatory with individual rooms for palms and orchids. There was also a bowling green, an outdoor tea room, and a terrace to incorporate the European statuary that Vanderbilt had brought back from his travels. At the opposite end of the Esplanade is the Rampe Douce, a graduated stairway zigzagging along a rough-cut limestone wall that leads to the grassy slope known as the Vista, topped with a statue of Diana, the goddess of the hunt.[13]

text: Water features were an important aspect of Victorian landscaping and Olmsted incorporated two for the estate: the Bass Pond created from an old creek-fed millpond and the Lagoon. Each was used for guest recreation like fishing and rowing. To supply water for the estate, Olmsted engineered two reservoirs. One was a spring-fed man-made lake on nearby Busbee Mountain. The other was a man-made, brick-lined reservoir, located behind the statue of Diana in the Vista, at an elevation of approximately 266 feet above the Esplanade.[20]

text: Estate[edit]

text: Vanderbilt's idea was to replicate the working estates of Europe. He asked Hunt and Olmsted to design a village with architecturally compatible buildings and picturesque landscaping as a source of income through building rental, a place to help carry out philanthropic programs, and an easy point of access between the estate and the train station.[21] The result was Biltmore Village. The village included rental cottages complete with plumbing and central heating, a post office, shops, doctor's office, school, and a church, known today as the Cathedral of All Souls.[22] Intending that the estate could be self-supporting, Vanderbilt set up scientific forestry programs, poultry farms, cattle farms, hog farms, and a dairy. His wife, Edith, also enthusiastically supported agricultural reform and promoted the establishment of a state agricultural fair. In 1901, the Vanderbilts provided financial assistance to Biltmore Industries, started by Biltmore Village resident Eleanor Vance, which taught young people how to make hand-carved furniture, woven baskets, homespun wool fabric, and more.[23]

text: The estate today covers approximately 8,000 acres (13 sq mi; 32 km2) and is split in half by the French Broad River, overseen by The Biltmore Company, a trust set up by the family. The company is a large enterprise that is one of the largest employers in the Asheville area. Restaurants were opened in 1979 and 1987 as well as four gifts shops in 1993. The former dairy barn was converted into the popular Biltmore Winery in 1985. The AAA four-diamond 210-room Inn on Biltmore Estate opened in 2001, and in 2010, the estate debuted Antler Hill Village, as well as a remodeled winery, and connected farmyard.

text: In other media[edit]

text: The Biltmore Estate licenses its name and design elements to a line of housewares, linens, and luggage called "Biltmore For Your Home", marketed exclusively by Belk stores.[24]

text: The house has been featured in "Empires of the Smoky Skies", a scenario in Sid Meier's Civilization V. The estate and its surrounding forest make up the setting of Robert Beatty's 2015 middle-grade novel Serafina and the Black Cloak and its 2016 sequel Serafina and the Twisted Staff.[25]

text: The grounds and buildings of Biltmore Estate have appeared in a number of major motion pictures and TV series:

text:
Tap Roots (1948)
The Swan (1956)
The Pruitts of Southampton (1966)
Being There (1979)
The Private Eyes (1980)
A Breed Apart (1984)
Mr. Destiny (1990)
The Last of the Mohicans (1992)
Forrest Gump (1994)
Richie Rich (1994)
My Fellow Americans (1996)
Patch Adams (1998)
Return to the Secret Garden (2000)
Hannibal (2001)
One Tree Hill (2003)
The Clearing (2004)
The Odd Life of Timothy Green (2012)
Hannibal (2015)


document_title: History of Indian football

question_text: when did india first participated in olympics football

root

text: History of Indian football

text: Football was introduced to India by British soldiers in the mid-nineteenth century. It spread because of the efforts of Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari. In 1888 the Durand Cup was founded by then India's Foreign Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Simla, India. The Durand Cup is the third oldest football competition behind the FA Cup and the Scottish Cup.[citation needed] It was initiated, as a recreation for British troops stationed in India. Royal Scots Fusiliers won the first edition of the cup by beating Highland Light Infantry 2–1 in the Final. In 1893 the IFA Shield was founded as the fourth oldest trophy in the world.[citation needed] Calcutta, then capital of British India, soon became the hub of Indian football. Sarada FC was the oldest Indian football club.

tag: p

text: Calcutta FC was the first club to be established in 1872. Other early clubs include Dalhousie Club, Traders Club and Naval Volunteers Club.[1]

text: In 1889 India's oldest current team Mohun Bagan A.C. was founded as "Mohun Bagan Sporting Club". This was the first club to be under the rule of the army. Both Hindus and Muslims players played in it. Several football clubs like Calcutta FC, Sovabazar and Aryan Club were established in Calcutta during the 1890s. Tournaments like the Gladstone Cup, Trades Cup and Cooch Behar Cup also started around this time.

text: R B Ferguson Football Club was established in February 20, 1899 in Thrissur, Kerala (Kingdom of Kochin) and it was the oldest football club in the southern part of India. The club was named after the Kochi Police Superintendent, R B Ferguson. The club was famed by the nickname Young Men's Football Club and played a huge role in promoting football in Kerala during early 1900's.

text: The first Indian Federation, the Indian Football Association, was founded in 1893 but did not have a single Indian on its board other than.

text:
Several clubs were founded, more Cup competitions were introduced and Indian players became more common. The major event that showed a rise in Indian Football was in 1911 when Mohun Bagan AC defeated East Yorkshire Regiment 2–1 in the final of the IFA Shield. This was the first time an Indian team won a major national tournament.
The Durand Cup, first held in Shimla in 1888, was the first Indian football competition and is incidentally the third oldest surviving competition the World over. It was started by Sir Mortimer Durand.[1]

text: In 1940's "Aurora Football Club" the second oldest club in southern India was formed in Kerala. It was formed by the football loving fans of Ollur (Thrissur) which started its football journey from Thrissur.

text: The first known official international tour by Indian team which consists of both Indian and British players were in 1924, where the team was led by legendary Indian footballer Gostha Paul[2]. Football teams consisting of entirely Indian players started to tour Australia, Japan, Indonesia, and Thailand during the late 1930s.[3] The first international match India played before independence is yet to be verified, but the trace of first international match that India played overseas was against Ceylon in 1933. It was India's second International tour, where Gostha Paul led the indian side to a victory over the host country with 1-0 score [2][4][5].On 4 July, 1936 India played against visiting Chinese team, which was held at Calcutta. The match was a draw 1–1 [6] After the success of several Indian football clubs abroad, the All India Football Federation (AIFF) was formed in 1937.

text: In 1938, India made an official tour to Australia where they played matches against many clubs and the  Australian national side too. From 3rd September 1938 at Sydney, India played 5 friendly matches with Australia. At the Sydney match they saw a defeat of 5–3.[7] Second match was at Brisbane, where the Indians fought back for a draw of 4–4. In the third match at Newcastle, on 17th September India registered their first win by a margin of 4–1. But the Australians defeated India in the next two matches held at Sydney and Melbourne with a score line of 5–4 and 3–1 respectively.[8]

text: On their way to 1948 London Olympics, Chinese team again visited India, where they  played Mohammedan fc, East Bengal, Mohun Bagan then finally on 17th July 1948, a friendly match held at Kolkata, where they were defeated by the Indian national side by 0-1 score.[9] The 1948 London Olympics was India's first major international tournament, where a predominately barefooted Indian team lost 2–1 to France, failing to convert two penalties. The Indian team was greeted and appreciated by the crowd for their sporting manner."The French had been given a run for their money – and that, too, by the barefooted Indians!", the british media expressed..[3] At a press conference, shortly after, the Indians were asked why they played barefooted. The ever witty then Indian captain Talimeren Ao said, “Well, you see, we play football in India, whereas you play BOOTBALL!” which was applauded by the British. The next day, that comment was splashed in the newspapers of London.[10][11] Sarangapani Raman scored the only goal for India in that match and thus the first Indian international goal ever in the Olympics.

text: The 1950 World Cup[edit]

text: India qualified by default for the 1950 FIFA World Cup finals as a result of the withdrawal of all of their scheduled opponents. But the governing body AIFF decided against going to the World Cup, being unable to understand the importance of the event at that time. Reason shown by AIFF was that there was the cost of travel, although FIFA agreed to bear a major part of the travel expenses, lack of practice time, team selection issues and valuing Olympics over FIFA World cup.

text: Although FIFA imposed a rule banning barefoot play following 1948 Olympics where India had played barefoot, the suggestion that the Indian team refused to play because they were not allowed to play barefoot is not entirely true; according to the then-Indian captain Sailen Manna, it was invented to cover up. The team had not made it past the first round of the FIFA World Cup Qualifiers until 2018, when they defeated Nepal 2–0 over the course of two home-and-away games.

text: 1951–1962: The Golden Era of Indian Football[edit]

text: The period from 1951 to 1962 is considered the golden era in Indian football. Under the tutelage of  Syed Abdul Rahim India became the best team in Asia.[citation needed] The Indian team started the 1950s with victory in the 1951 Asian Games which they hosted. India beat both Indonesia and Afghanistan 3–0 to reach the final where they beat Iran 1–0. In 1952, India continued their form by winning the Colombo Quadrangular Cup held in Sri Lanka. This is called as the Golden time of Indian football. As four years earlier, many of the team played without boots but after the result in the Olympics AIFF immediately made it mandatory to wear boots.

text: India also won three further editions of the Quadrangular Cup, which were held in Burma, Calcutta and Dhaka in 1953, 1954 and 1955 respectively. India then went on to finish eighth in the 1954 Asian Games held in Manila.

text: At the 1956 Olympics they finished fourth, this is the second time India made history in the world of football. India first met hosts Australia, winning 4–2 with Neville D'Souza becoming the first Asian to score a hatrick in the Olympics and also making India the first Asian team to reach the Olympic semi-finals. They lost 4–1 to Yugoslavia, and lost the third place play-off match 3–0 to Bulgaria.

text: India participated in the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo, Japan where they finished fourth, and the Merdeka Cup 1959 in Malaysia finishing second. The side started off 1960 with Asian Cup qualifiers in which they failed to qualify. India went on to win the 1962 Asian Games where they beat South Korea 2–1 in the final, and two years later finished second in the 1964 Asian Cup which was held in round-robin format. India played in the Merdeka Cup in 1964, 1965 and 1966 where they finished 2nd, 3rd and 3rd.

text: 1963–1984: Post-Golden Era[edit]

text: Rahim's death in the early '60s pegged Indian football back after a successful period. India played in the 1966 Asian Games in Bangkok but were eliminated in first round. India then took third place in the 1970 Asian Games, beating Japan 1–0 in the third place, play-off. In mid-'70s, Indian youth team jointly won the Youth Asian Cup with Iran. Indian football would go through a barren phase in '70s, '80s, and '90s, gradually losing its foothold as a top Asian team.

text: In 1984 India qualified for the 1984 Asian Cup. The team were placed in Group B but ended in last place after losing all but 1 match (which was a draw). India also failed to score during the Asian Cup as well which brought up questions about team selection.

text: Mohun Bagan AC created history again when they went on to win the IFA Shield in 1978 after a 2–2 draw against FC Ararat Yerevan from Soviet Union. The club became the first Indian side, post-independence, to win the title while competing with a non-Asian side.

text: East Bengal F.C. club went on to win the 1973 IFA Shield against Pyongyang City Sports Club of North Korea.

text: In the 90's, FC Kochin was formed in Kochi, Kerala. In the 1990s, it was the only football club from Kerala in the National Football League. FC Kochin had contributed substantially to the advancement of Kerala football within its short span.

text: India won gold medals in the SAF Games of both 1984 (in Dhaka) and 1987 (Calcutta). They won the inaugural SAARC Cup in 1993 in Lahore, and finished runner-up in Colombo two years later. By 1997 the competition had been renamed as the SAFF Cup, and India won it in both 1997 and 1999 edition, when they hosted it in Goa.

text: India also got a major boost when the All India Football Federation created the National Football League in 1996. This was India's first ever national domestic league.

text: 2000–2010: The rebirth of Indian Football[edit]

text: Although India failed to qualify for the 2004 Asian Cup, the senior team gained the silver medal in the inaugural Afro Asian Games, with victories over Rwanda and Zimbabwe (then 85 places ahead of India in the world rankings), losing the final 1–0 to Uzbekistan. As a result, Indian football has steadily earned greater recognition and respect, both within the country and abroad. In November 2003 then-India coach Stephen Constantine was named AFC Manager of the Month.

text: India lost to Pakistan and Bangladesh in the 2003 SAFF Cup, and defeats in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers meant Stephen Constantine was sacked. The LG Cup win in Vietnam under Stephen Constantine was one of the few bright spots in the early part of the 2000s. It was India's first victory in a football tournament outside the subcontinent since 1974. India defeated hosts Vietnam 3–2 in the final despite trailing 2–0 after 30 minutes.

text: In 2005 Syed Nayeemuddin was appointed as India coach but he was immediately sacked the following year after heavy defeats in 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers. Much traveled and experienced coach Bob Houghton was later appointed coach of the team in 2006. Under Houghton, India saw a huge revival in World Football. In August 2007, the Indian national team won the Nehru Cup for the first time in its history beating Syria 1–0. In August the following year, India defeated Tajikistan 4–1 to lift the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup and, in turn, qualified for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. In 2009 August, India again won the Nehru Cup beating Syria again but this time in penalties (6–5).

text: Club-wise Indian Football took a turn for the better as the National Football League folded in 2006 and in 2007 the brand new I-League was started. The first I-League season was won by Goa club Dempo. During the 2008 AFC Cup Dempo made history when they made it all the way to the semi-finals of the AFC Cup before losing out to Safa Beirut SC.

text: East Bengal F.C. club of Kolkata won now-defunct ASEAN Club Championship in 2003.

text: 2011: The 2011 AFC Asian Cup[edit]

text: In the beginning of 2011 India took part in the AFC Asian Cup for the first time in 27 years. India were placed in Group C with Australia, Bahrain, and South Korea. On 10 January 2011 India played their first match against Australia where they lost 4–0. Then on 14 January 2011, India played Bahrain where again they lost 5–2 with Sunil Chhetri and Gouramangi Singh scoring. Then on 18 January 2011 India played their final match of the tournament against South Korea where they again lost 4–1. Sunil Chhetri was the goal scorer for India which meant that he scored the most goals for India in the tournament with two goals in three matches.

text: 2011: A new beginning[edit]

text: Since the 2011 Asian Cup the All India Football Federation has been working very hard on Indian Football. They allowed former coach Bob Houghton to coach the Indian side in the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers. India played its first match in 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification on 21 March winning 3–0 against Chinese Taipei, with Jewel Raja Shaikh, Sunil Chhetri and Jeje Lalpekhlua scoring the goals. On 23 March they faced Pakistan. India came from behind and defeated Pakistan 3–1 with Jeje Lalpekhlua scoring 2 goals and Steven Dias scoring one. On 25 March they faced Turkmenistan their last 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualifying game and India drew the game 1–1. The result meant that they finished on top of Group B and qualified for the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup.

text: In April 2011 Houghton was resigned as India coach after reports of racial abuse to an Indian referee during a match against Vietnam. In May 2011 the AIFF appointed Armando Colaco as Indian head coach. The Indian senior team defeated Qatar 2–1 in an historic international friendly before the start of the world cup qualifier against UAE (United Arab Emirates). India went on to lose the qualifying encounter by 5–2 on aggregate over two legs, having contentiously suffered two red cards and two converted penalties in the first 23 minutes of the opening leg, which the UAE won by 3–0. The Indian national team went on a friendly tour to the Caribbean Islands, which turned out to be very unsuccessful. Recently they were beaten 2–1 by Guyana.

text: In 2016, Mohun Bagan AC of Kolkata became the first Indian club to qualify for the second round of AFC Champions League Qualifier, when they defeated Tampine Rovers FC of Singapore on 27 January 2016. In addition, they created another history by defeating South China AA of Hong Kong with a margin of 4 goals in 2016 AFC Cup on 9 March 2016. This is, till date, the highest margin of victory by any Indian club side on foreign soil. In 2017, The FIFA under -17 world cup was hosted by India.


document_title: Double (basketball)

question_text: list of nba players with a quadruple double

text: Double (basketball)

text: Double-double[edit]

text: A double-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in two of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common double-double combination is points and rebounds, followed by points and assists.[2] Double-doubles are fairly common in the NBA. During the 2008–09 season, 69 players who were eligible for leadership in the main statistical categories recorded at least 10 double-doubles during the season.[3]

text: Special double-doubles are rare. One such double-double is called double double-double (also referred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game.[4][5][6] Another such double-double is called a triple double-double (also referred to as 30–30).[7] The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game. Wilt Chamberlain also holds the record for most career double-doubles (regular season and playoffs) with 1111. Tim Duncan is second with 1005, followed by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar with 1004.

text: NBA[edit]

text: Double-double leaders (in regular season)[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the 1983–84 season:

text:
^
Denotes active player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

tag: table

text:
Point-rebound[8]

Rank
Name
Total

1
Duncan, TimTim Duncan
841

2
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
811

3
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
774

4
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett
741

5
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
727

6
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
706

7
Howard, DwightDwight Howard^
680

8
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
580

9
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
543

10
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
518

11
Willis, KevinKevin Willis
488

12
Randolph, ZachZach Randolph^
480

13
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo*
469

14
Williams, BuckBuck Williams
459

15
Webber, ChrisChris Webber
440

16
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
435

17
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
430

18
Marion, ShawnShawn Marion
427

19
Oakley, CharlesCharles Oakley
426

20
Thorpe, OtisOtis Thorpe
411

Point-assist[9]

Rank
Name
Total

1
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
714

2
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
514

3
Nash, SteveSteve Nash
436

4
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas*
408

5
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd
402

6
Paul, ChrisChris Paul^
407

7
Johnson, KevinKevin Johnson
319

8
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
279

9
Williams, DeronDeron Williams^
275

10
Strickland, RodRod Strickland
271

11
Jackson, MarkMark Jackson
242

Payton, GaryGary Payton*
242

13
Wall, JohnJohn Wall^
224

14
Westbrook, RussellRussell Westbrook^
216

15
Marbury, StephonStephon Marbury
210

16
Miller, AndreAndre Miller
197

17
James, LeBronLeBron James^
192

18
Porter, TerryTerry Porter
188

19
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
181

20
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
177

text: Facts[edit]

text: Longest continuous streak of double-doubles: According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wilt Chamberlain holds the record with 227 consecutive double-doubles from 1964 to 1967.[10] Chamberlain also holds the second and third longest continuous streaks of double-doubles with 220 and 133.[10] This record is before the ABA–NBA merger in 1976. The longest streak of double-doubles since the merger was 53 games, achieved by Kevin Love, then of the Minnesota Timberwolves.[11]

tag: ul

text: Triple-double[edit]

text: A triple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in three of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common way for a player to achieve a triple-double is with points, rebounds, and assists, though on occasion players may record 10 or more steals or blocked shots in a game.[12] The origin of the term "triple-double" is unclear. Some sources claim that it was coined by former Los Angeles Lakers public relations director Bruce Jolesch in the 1980s in order to showcase Magic Johnson's versatility,[13][14] while others claim that it was coined by then Philadelphia 76ers media relations director Harvey Pollack in 1980.[15][16] The triple-double became an officially recorded statistic during the 1979–80 season.

text: There has been occasional controversy surrounding triple-doubles made when a player achieves the feat with a late rebound. Players with nine rebounds in a game have sometimes been accused of deliberately missing a shot late in the game in order to recover the rebound; a few have even gone so far as shooting off their opponent's basket trying to score a triple-double. To deter this, NBA rules allow rebounds to be nullified if the shot is determined not to be a legitimate scoring attempt.[17]

text: NBA[edit]

text: From the 1990–91 to the 2010–11 season, the NBA averaged 34.5 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 36 games.[19]

text: From the 2011–12 to the 2016–17 season, the NBA saw a dramatic increase in the number of triple-doubles, with an average of 57.33 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 22 games.[20] Russell Westbrook was responsible for 74 of the triple-doubles during that span, or 21.5% of the 344 total triple-doubles.

text: Triple-double leaders (in regular season)[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season triple-double leaders:

text:
All-time triple-double leaders (regular season)

Rank
Name
Triple-doubles

1
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
181[21]

2
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
138[21]

3
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd
107[22][23]

4
Westbrook, RussellRussell Westbrook^
89[24]

5
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
78[21]

6
James, LeBronLeBron James^
61[21]

7
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
59[25]

8
Lever, FatFat Lever
43[21]

9
Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
33[26]

Harden, JamesJames Harden^
33[27]

11
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
31[28]

12
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
30[29]

13
Hill, GrantGrant Hill
29[30]

14
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
28[21]

15
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
26[31]

16
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
25[21]

17
Frazier, WaltWalt Frazier*
23[32]

18
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
21[33]

Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*
21[34]

Richardson, Micheal RayMicheal Ray Richardson
21

Webber, ChrisChris Webber
21[35]

text: Facts[edit]

text:
First triple-double in league history: According to the Harvey J. Pollack NBA Statistical Yearbook, Dolph Schayes (Syracuse Nationals) might have logged the league's first triple-double on February 8, 1951, versus the New York Knicks. He had 18 points, 22 rebounds and 13 assists.[36]
Averaging a triple-double in a single season: Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati Royals) and Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) are the only players in NBA history to achieve this feat.[13][37] During the 1961–62 season, Robertson averaged 30.8 points, 12.5 rebounds, and 11.4 assists per game.[13][38] Although Robertson only achieved the feat for a full season once, his cumulative stats over his first 5 seasons gave him an average of 30.3 points, 10.4 rebounds, and 10.6 assists per game.[38] Westbrook finished the 2016–17 season averaging 31.6 points, 10.7 rebounds, and 10.4 assists.[39]
Most triple-doubles in a single season: In 2016–17, Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 42 triple-doubles.[37][40]
Most triple-doubles in road games in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 17 of 42 triple-doubles in away games.[41]
Most 50-point triple-doubles in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded three 50-point triple-doubles in the 2016–17 season. James Harden is the other player to record more than one 50-point triple double with two in the same season.[41] It is more than likely that Wilt Chamberlain recorded many 50-point triple-doubles during his historic 1961-62 NBA season, but they remain unofficial, as steals and blocked shots were not yet recorded as official statistics.[36]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season

Rank
Name
Triple-doubles
Team
NBA season

1
Russell Westbrook
42
Oklahoma City Thunder
2016–17

2
Oscar Robertson
41
Cincinnati Royals
1961–62

3
Wilt Chamberlain
31
Philadelphia 76ers
1967–68

4
Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1960–61

Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1963–64

6
Oscar Robertson
22
Cincinnati Royals
1964–65

Wilt Chamberlain
22
Philadelphia 76ers
1966–67

James Harden
22
Houston Rockets
2016–17

9
Oscar Robertson
20
Cincinnati Royals
1962–63

10
Magic Johnson
18
Los Angeles Lakers
1981–82

Russell Westbrook
18
Oklahoma City Thunder
2015–16

12
Magic Johnson
17
Los Angeles Lakers
1988–89

13
Fat Lever
16
Denver Nuggets
1985–86

14
Michael Jordan
15
Chicago Bulls
1988–89

15
Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1987–88

Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1990–91

Grant Hill
13
Detroit Pistons
1996–97

Jason Kidd
13
New Jersey Nets
2007–08

Draymond Green
13
Golden State Warriors
2015–16

LeBron James
13
Cleveland Cavaliers
2016–17

20
Jason Kidd
12
New Jersey Nets
2006–07

text:
Most triple-doubles in NBA playoffs: Magic Johnson recorded 30 playoff triple-doubles over his career; LeBron James is second with 19.[42]
Most triple-doubles in NBA Finals: LeBron James recorded 9 Finals triple-doubles over his career.
Averaging a triple-double in an NBA Finals: LeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers), in the 2017 Finals, averaged 33.6 points, 12.0 rebounds, and 10.0 assists per game.
Youngest player: Lonzo Ball (Los Angeles Lakers), aged 20 years and 15 days, logged a triple-double on November 11, 2017, versus the Milwaukee Bucks. He had 19 points, 12 rebounds, and 13 assists.[43]
Oldest player: Karl Malone (Los Angeles Lakers), aged 40 years and 127 days—the only 40-year-old player to do so—logged a triple-double on November 28, 2003, versus the San Antonio Spurs. He had 10 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 assists.[44]
Fastest triple-double: Jim Tucker (Syracuse Nationals), holds the record for the fastest triple double. On February 20, 1955, Tucker, in his rookie year, recorded the mark in just 17 minutes. He finished the game with 12 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists in a 104-84 win over the New York Knicks.[45]
Double-triple-double[46] (at least 20 of any 3 statistics): Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) is the only player to have accomplished this; in a February 2, 1968 game versus Detroit Pistons, Chamberlain tallied 22 points, 25 rebounds, and 21 assists.[47]
Most points scored in a triple-double: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) holds the record for the most points scored in a triple-double with 57 points, 13 rebounds, and 11 assists on March 29, 2017 against the Orlando Magic in overtime. The previous record was 53 points, by both Wilt Chamberlain and James Harden.[48]
Triple-double not including points: The only such triple-double occurred on February 10, 2017, when Draymond Green (Golden State Warriors) scored only 4 points, but collected 12 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals against the Memphis Grizzlies.[49]
Longest continuous streak of triple-doubles: Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) holds the record for the most consecutive triple-doubles. In 1968, from March 8 to March 20, he recorded a triple-double in nine straight games.[50] The second longest streak is seven, a record jointly held by Robertson, Michael Jordan, and Westbrook.[51][52][53]
Triple-doubles by teammates: Has occurred three times in the NBA.

March 14, 1964, Donnie Butcher (Detroit Pistons) had 19 points, 15 rebounds, and 15 assists and Ray Scott had 23 points, 20 rebounds, and 11 assists against the New York Knicks.[54]
January 3, 1989, Michael Jordan (Chicago Bulls) had 41 points, 11 assists, and 10 rebounds and Scottie Pippen had 15 points, 12 assists, and 10 rebounds against the Los Angeles Clippers.[55]
April 7, 2007, New Jersey Nets Vince Carter had 46 points, 16 rebounds, and 10 assists and Jason Kidd had 10 points, 16 rebounds, and 18 assists against the Washington Wizards.[56]

Triple-doubles by opponents: This has occurred only ten times since 1983–84, four times involving Jason Kidd (while playing for three different teams):[36]

Magic Johnson and Jeff Ruland (Los Angeles at Washington, February 10, 1984)[57]
Jason Kidd and Clyde Drexler (Dallas at Houston, April 11, 1995)[58]
Jason Kidd and Clyde Drexler (Phoenix at Houston, March 22, 1997)[59]
Gary Payton and Chris Webber (Seattle at Sacramento, April 18, 2000)[60]
Kidd and Jay Williams (New Jersey at Chicago, November 9, 2002)[61]
Kidd and Tracy McGrady (New Jersey at Orlando, February 23, 2003)[62]
Caron Butler and Baron Davis (Washington at Golden State, November 23, 2007)[63]
Victor Oladipo and Michael Carter-Williams (Orlando at Philadelphia, December 3, 2013 (2 OT))[64]

Oladipo and Carter-Williams were both rookies when accomplishing the feat, marking the first and only time in NBA history that two rookies have recorded triple-doubles in the same game. These were the first career triple-doubles for both players. The last time that two players had recorded their first career triple-doubles in the same game was when Donnie Butcher and Ray Scott (Detroit Pistons) did it on March 14, 1964 (they were not rookies).[65]

Russell Westbrook and Giannis Antetokounmpo (Oklahoma City at Milwaukee, March 6, 2016)[66]
LeBron James and Stephen Curry (Cleveland at Golden State, June 4, 2017)

text: NCAA Division I[edit]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a career:

Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU) with 12 — six in 2014–15 and six again as a senior in 2015–16.[67] Prior to the triple-double being tracked as an NCAA statistic, Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati) had 10—five in 1958–59 and five in 1959–60.[68]
Women's: Suzie McConnell (Penn State, 1984–88), Louella Tomlinson (Saint Mary's, 2007–11), and Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon, 2016–present), each with 7.[69][70]

Consecutive triple-doubles: In Division I men's play, David Edwards (Texas A&M), Penny Hardaway (Memphis State), Tony Lee (Robert Morris), Gerald Lewis (SMU), Shaquille O’Neal (LSU), and Kevin Roberson (Vermont) each recorded two consecutive games with a triple-double.[71]

text: Uniquely, Danielle Carson recorded three consecutive triple-doubles in the 1985–86 season, becoming the only Division I player of either sex to do so. She began by recording 12 points, 10, rebounds, and 12 assists against Akron on November 29, 1985. The following day, she recorded 20 points, 12 rebounds, and at least 20 assists against Kent State (her exact assists total in that game is unknown). Finally, on December 2 against Cleveland State, Carson recorded 26 points, 15 rebounds, and 14 assists.[69]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season:

Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU), with six – performed twice: in the 2014–15 season, and again in 2015–16.[67]
Women's: Danielle Carson (Youngstown State), also with six in the 1985–86 season.[69]

Triple-doubles in NCAA tournament history:

text:
Name
Team
Score
Opponent
Round
Date
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson
Cincinnati
98–85
Louisville
Third place
000000001959-03-21-0000March 21, 1959
39
39
17
10
—
—
[73]

Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson
Michigan State
95–64
Lamar
Second round
000000001979-03-10-0000March 10, 1979
35
13
17
10

Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson
Michigan State
101–67
Penn
Final Four
000000001979-03-24-0000March 24, 1979
35
29
10
10
3
0
[73]

Grant, GaryGary Grant
Michigan
97–109
North Carolina
Second round
000000001987-03-14-0000March 14, 1987
39
24
10
10
1
0
[74]

O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal
LSU
94–83
BYU
First round
000000001992-03-19-0000March 19, 1992
31
26
13
4
1
11
[73]

Cain, DavidDavid Cain
St. John's
85–67
Texas Tech
First round
000000001993-03-18-0000March 18, 1993
37
12
11
11
1
0
[75]

Miller, AndreAndre Miller
Utah
76–51
Arizona
Elite Eight
000000001998-03-21-0000March 21, 1998
36
18
14
13
2
1
[73]

Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade
Marquette
83–69
Kentucky
Elite Eight
000000002003-03-29-0000March 29, 2003
35
29
11
11
1
4
[73]

Aldrich, ColeCole Aldrich
Kansas
60–43
Dayton
Second round
000000002009-03-22-0000March 22, 2009
31
13
20
1
0
10
[76]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
Michigan State
76–78
UCLA
First round
000000002011-03-17-0000March 17, 2011
37
23
11
10
4
0
[77]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
Michigan State
89–67
Long Island
Second round
000000002012-03-16-0000March 16, 2012
35
24
12
10
1
0
[78]

text:
Name
Team
Score
Opponent
Round
Date
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

Lander, CassandraCassandra Lander
Cincinnati

Georgia
First round
000000001982-03-12-0000March 12, 1982
17
11
10
—
—
[69]

Donovan, AnneAnne Donovan
Old Dominion

Penn State
Elite Eight
000000001983-03-26-0000March 26, 1983
20
13
—
—
12
[69]

Davis, JoniJoni Davis
Missouri

LSU
First round
000000001984-03-18-0000March 18, 1984
14
11
10
—
—
[69]

Meier, KatieKatie Meier
Duke

Manhattan
First round
000000001987-03-11-0000March 11, 1987
16
11
10
—
—
[69]

Jordan, PaulinePauline Jordan
UNLV

Colorado
Second round
000000001989-03-18-0000March 18, 1989
22
17
—
—
11
[69]

Henning, SonjaSonja Henning
Stanford

Cal State Fullerton
Second round
000000001991-03-16-0000March 16, 1991
19
10
10
—
—
[69]

Johnson, NiesaNiesa Johnson
Alabama

Duke
Second round
000000001995-03-18-0000March 18, 1995
28
12
14
—
—
[69]

Henderson, TracyTracy Henderson
Georgia

Louisville
Second round
000000001995-03-19-0000March 19, 1995
14
13
—
—
10
[69]

Penicheiro, TichaTicha Penicheiro
Old Dominion

Saint Francis (PA)
First round
000000001998-03-13-0000March 13, 1998
22
—
15
14
—
[69]

Powell, NicoleNicole Powell
Stanford

Weber State
First round
000000002002-03-16-0000March 16, 2002
20
11
10
—
—
[69]

Powell, NicoleNicole Powell
Stanford

Tulane
Second round
000000002002-03-18-0000March 18, 2002
16
10
10
—
—
[69]

Haynie, KristinKristin Haynie
Michigan State

Vanderbilt
Sweet Sixteen
000000002005-03-27-0000March 27, 2005
16
10
10
—
—
[69]

Diggins, SkylarSkylar Diggins
Notre Dame

Maryland
Elite Eight
000000002012-03-27-0000March 27, 2012
13
10
10
—
—
[69]

Mosqueda-Lewis, KaleenaKaleena Mosqueda-Lewis
Connecticut

Saint Joseph's
Sweet Sixteen
000000002014-03-25-0000March 25, 2014
20
10
10
—
—
[69]

Logic, SamanthaSamantha Logic
Iowa

Baylor
Elite Eight
000000002015-03-27-0000March 27, 2015
13
10
14
—
—
[69]

text:
Others

Kalara McFadyen of the Memphis Lady Tigers achieved perhaps the most unusual triple-double in history, and she did it without scoring a point or even attempting a shot from either the field or the free-throw line. On February 3, 2002, in a women's Division I game against Charlotte, she had 12 assists, 10 steals, and 10 rebounds.[79][80]

text: Quadruple-double[edit]

text: A quadruple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in four of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game.[81] This feat is extremely rare:[81][82] only four players have officially recorded a quadruple-double in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The first American male player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Nate Thurmond, who achieved this feat in 1974 while playing for the NBA's Chicago Bulls. The first American female player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Ann Meyers, who achieved this feat in 1978 while playing for the UCLA Bruins, when women's college sports were under the auspices of the AIAW.[83] The first male player in NCAA Division I history to record a quadruple-double was Lester Hudson in 2007.[84] The first Division I women's player to have officially recorded a quadruple-double since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981–82 was Veronica Pettry of Loyola of Chicago in 1989; only two other women have done so since, and none since 1993. An earlier player, Jackie Spencer of Louisville, accomplished the feat against Cincinnati during the 1984–85 season, but the NCAA did not record assists and steals throughout Division I women's basketball at that time. The Metro Conference, then home to both schools, did officially record these statistics, but the NCAA did not start doing so until 1985–86 for assists and 1987–88 for steals.[69]

text: NBA[edit]

text: Quadruple-doubles have only been possible since the 1973–74 season, when the NBA started recording both blocked shots and steals. It is often speculated by observers that other all-time greats, namely Oscar Robertson (all time triple-doubles leader with 181[85][86]), Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell and Jerry West could conceivably have had quadruple-doubles.[82] West's biography at NBA.com claims that he once recorded an unofficial quadruple-double with 44 points, 12 rebounds, 10 assists and 10 blocks.[87] A biography of Wilt Chamberlain claims that he also recorded an unofficial quadruple-double in Game 1 of the 1967 Eastern Division Finals against the Boston Celtics, when he had 24 points, 32 rebounds, 13 assists and 12 blocks.[88]

text: The reason why [the quadruple-double] is such a hard thing to accomplish is because it requires a player to be completely dominant on both ends of the court without being too selfish—so he can get the assists—and without fouling out trying to block every shot or grab every rebound. A lot of guys can get the points, rebounds and assists, but it's the defensive stuff that messes everybody up. You have to love defense to get a quadruple-double. There's no way around it.

text: The four players listed below are the only players who have officially recorded a quadruple-double in an NBA game. Except for Thurmond, who retired before the award was established in 1983, all of them have won NBA Defensive Player of the Year at least once.[89]

text:
Name
Date
Team
Score
Opponent
Min
Points
Reb
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Ref

Thurmond, NateNate Thurmond*
000000001974-10-18-0000October 18, 1974
Chicago Bulls
120–115
Atlanta Hawks
45
22
14
13
0 or 1
12
Yes (OT)
[90]

Robertson, AlvinAlvin Robertson
000000001986-02-18-0000February 18, 1986
San Antonio Spurs
120–114
Phoenix Suns
36
20
11
10
10
0
No
[91]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
000000001990-03-29-0000March 29, 1990
Houston Rockets
120–94
Milwaukee Bucks
40
18
16
10
1
11
No
[92]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
000000001994-02-17-0000February 17, 1994
San Antonio Spurs
115–96
Detroit Pistons
43
34
10
10
2
10
No
[93]

text: Only seven other players (one did it twice) have managed to finish with triple-doubles and a total of 9 in a fourth statistical category (statistical categories in which they fell short are in bold):

text:
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

Barry, RickRick Barry*
000000001974-10-29-0000October 29, 1974
Golden State Warriors
Buffalo Braves
43
30
10
11
9
—
No
[94][95]

Steele, LarryLarry Steele
000000001974-11-16-0000November 16, 1974
Portland Trail Blazers
Los Angeles Lakers
44
12
11
9
10
—
No
[96][97]

Moore, JohnnyJohnny Moore
000000001985-01-08-0000January 8, 1985
San Antonio Spurs
Golden State Warriors
36
26
11
13
9
—
No
[98]

Bird, LarryLarry Bird*[a]
000000001985-02-18-0000February 18, 1985
Boston Celtics
Utah Jazz
33
30
12
10
9
—
No
[99][100]

Richardson, Micheal RayMicheal Ray Richardson
000000001985-10-30-0000October 30, 1985
New Jersey Nets
Indiana Pacers
54
38
11
11
9
—
Yes (3 OT)
[101]

Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
000000001986-01-10-0000January 10, 1986
Portland Trail Blazers
Milwaukee Bucks
42
26
9
11
10
—
No
[97]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[b]
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
Houston Rockets
Golden State Warriors
40
29
18
9[b]
5
11
No
[102]

Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
000000001996-11-01-0000November 1, 1996
Houston Rockets
Sacramento Kings
42
25
10
9
10
—
No
[103]

text: Notes

text:
a Bird sat out the entire fourth quarter. After three quarters, head coach K. C. Jones informed Bird that he was one steal away from a quadruple-double and asked if he wanted to stay in the game. Bird declined, saying that he "already did enough damage."[104][105]
b Olajuwon was credited with 9 assists in the original box score. However, after Rockets officials reviewed the game tape and discovered what they believe was an uncredited assist in the first quarter, they revised the box score, crediting Olajuwon with 10 assists and the third quadruple-double in NBA history. NBA's director of operations, Rod Thorn, requested to review the tape. After reviewing the tape, the league disallowed Olajuwon's quadruple-double and announced that his original line—with 9 assists—is official.[106][107]

text: Other men's basketball[edit]

text: Accurate as of April 2017[update]

text:
League
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

French National League
Lewis, DerrickDerrick Lewis[c]
000000001990-02-24-0000February 24, 1990
Reims
Lorient
20
11
—
12
10
No
[108]

National Basketball League (Australia)
Rowe, DarenDaren Rowe[d]
000000001990-01-01-00001990
Geelong Supercats
North Melbourne Giants
25
17
11
—
11
No
[109]

Chinese Basketball Association
Hu Xuefeng
000000002004-12-08-0000December 8, 2004
Jiangsu Dragons
Yunnan Bulls
16
10
12
10
—
No
[110]

FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
Rubio, RickyRicky Rubio
000000002006-08-19-0000August 19, 2006
Spain
Croatia
19
10
13
11
—
No
[111]

Metropolitan Basketball Association
Belano, DonbelDonbel Belano
000000001999-08-14-0000August 14, 1999
Davao Eagles
Nueva Ecija Patriots
19
11
11
10
—
No
[111]

American Basketball Association (2000–)
Staten, JamelJamel Staten
000000002007-02-02-0000February 2, 2007
Minnesota Ripknees
St. Louis Stunners
17
11
11
10
—
No
[112]

NCAA Division I men
Hudson, LesterLester Hudson[e]
000000002007-11-13-0000November 13, 2007
UT Martin
Central Baptist
25
12
10
10
1
No
[84][113]

Continental Basketball Association
Blackburn, JermaineJermaine Blackburn
000000002008-12-20-0000December 20, 2008
East Kentucky Miners
West Virginia Wild
22
10
14
10
—
No
[114]

High school boys
Benimon, JerrelleJerrelle Benimon
000000002009-02-17-0000February 17, 2009
Fauquier HS
Osbourn HS
13
17
11
—
10
No
[115]

Chinese Basketball Association
Williams, ChrisChris Williams
000000002009-12-25-0000December 25, 2009
Qingdao Doublestar
Dongguan Leopards
15
11
11
11
—
No
[116]

High school boys
Isaiah Grant
000000002014-12-06-0000December 6, 2014
Sequoia Pathway Academy
Berean Academy
11
10
10
10
–
No
[117]

NJCAA
Clifford Wilson
000000001979-02-14-0000February 14, 1979
Fulton-Montgomery
Hudson Valley
31
18
10
—
15
No

NJCAA
Monroe Pippins
000000001995-02-09-0000February 9, 1995
Fulton-Montgomery
Herkimer
34
17
10
11
—
No

Ukrainian First league
Vitaliy Bykov
000000002016-12-17-0000December 17, 2016
BC Zaporizhya-2
BC Kramatorsk
14
13
11
12
—
No
[118]

Liga Super Basketball U-18
Natan Oliveira
000000002017-04-08-0000April 8, 2017
Colégio Sul Americano
Rappers
32
11
10
16
—
No
[119]

text: Notes

text:
c This is the only quadruple-double in French National League history.[108]
d This is the only quadruple-double in National Basketball League history.[109]
e This is the only quadruple-double in NCAA Division I men's basketball history.[84] The opponent, Central Baptist, plays in the NAIA.

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: Mostly accurate as of October 2017. NCAA records are complete for Divisions I and II, but not for Division III; specifically, entering the 2017–18 season, there have been a total of eight quadruple-doubles in Division III play, and one player, Suzy Venet of Mount Union (1994–1998), had two in her career, both in the 1996–97 season.[120] NAIA records are also incomplete.

text:
League
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

American Basketball League
Black, DebbieDebbie Black
000000001996-12-08-0000December 8, 1996
Colorado Xplosion
Atlanta Glory
10
14
12
10
—
[121][122]

Israeli Basketball Super League
Brown, EdwinaEdwina Brown
000000002008-12-01-0000December 2008
Ramat Hen
Hapoel Holon
22
10
10
10
—
[123]

Greek Women's Basketball League
Dimitrakou, ZoiZoi Dimitrakou
000000002009-03-22-0000March 22, 2009
G.S. Megas Alexandros
Aris Holargou
49
18
10
12
—
[124]

Russian Premier League
Kalmykova, MariaMaria Kalmykova
000000002001-01-21-0000January 21, 2001
Chevakata Vologda
Dynamo Kursk
20
15
11
—
11
[125]

European U16 Championship
Verameyenka, AnastasiyaAnastasiya Verameyenka
000000002003-04-20-0000April 20, 2003
Belarus U16 NT
Czech U16 NT
21
10
—
10
12
[126]

AIAW Division I women
Meyers, AnnAnn Meyers
000000001978-02-18-0000February 18, 1978
UCLA
Stephen F. Austin
20
14
10
10
—
[83]

NCAA Division I women
Spencer, JackieJackie Spencer[a]
000000001985-02-02-0000February 2, 1985
Louisville
Cincinnati
14
12
14
10
—
[127]

NCAA Division I women
Pettry, VeronicaVeronica Pettry
000000001989-03-04-0000March 4, 1989
Loyola (Chicago)
Detroit
12
10
22
11
—
[127]

NCAA Division I women
Jones, RamonaRamona Jones
000000001991-01-14-0000January 14, 1991
Lamar
UCF
10
10
10
12
—
[127]

NCAA Division I women
Tate, SonjaSonja Tate
000000001993-01-27-0000January 27, 1993
Arkansas State
Mississippi Valley State
29
14
10
10
—
[127]

NCAA Division II women
Watkins, TereskaTereska Watkins
000000001997-02-08-0000February 8, 1997
Fort Valley State
 ???
12
12
10
10
—
[128]

NCAA Division III women
Esteves, EvitaEvita Esteves
000000002004-02-05-0000February 5, 2004
Emmanuel (MA)
Johnson & Wales
10
10
11
13
—
[129][130]

NCAA Division III women
Purnell, DannaDanna Purnell
000000002007-02-10-0000February 10, 2007
SUNY-Old Westbury
New Rochelle
14
10
11
13
—
[129][131]

NCAA Division III women
Williams, LatiquaLatiqua Williams
000000002008-11-16-0000November 16, 2008
Bard
New Rochelle
21
13
10
11
—
[132]

NAIA women
Gonzales, SuzanneSuzanne Gonzales[b]
000000001989-02-11-0000February 11, 1989
Southern Colorado
Western State[134]
13
12
10
11
—
[128]

Ukrainian Professional Basketball League
Iagupova, AlinaAlina Iagupova
000000002011-05-15-0000May 15, 2011
BC Dnipro
Luhanski Lastivky
28
15
13
10
—
Stats

text:
Jump up ^ The NCAA does not consider Spencer's quadruple-double to be official. Although the Metro Conference, then home to both teams involved in this game, kept records in all of the relevant statistical categories in the 1984–85 season, the NCAA did not. Assists were not recorded throughout Division I women's basketball until 1985–86, and steals were not so recorded until 1987–88.[127]
Jump up ^ Although Gonzales played for a school that is now a member of NCAA Division II, the NCAA does not consider her quadruple-double to be official for two reasons. First, the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, then as now home to both teams involved in this game, then competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), and was not an NCAA conference until 1992–93.[133] In addition, the NCAA did not record steals throughout Division II women's basketball until 1992–93.[128]

tag: ol

text: Quintuple-double[edit]

text: A quintuple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in all five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—-in a single game.[135] There are only two known quintuple-doubles, both only done at the high-school level. The first was recorded by Tamika Catchings of Duncanville High School (Duncanville, Texas) with 25 points, 18 rebounds, 11 assists, 10 steals and 10 blocks in 1997.[136] The second was by Aimee Oertner of Northern Lehigh High School (Slatington, Pennsylvania), who had 26 points, 20 rebounds, 10 assists, 10 steals, and 11 blocks on January 7, 2012.[137]

text: Five-by-five[edit]

text: A five-by-five is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a total of five in five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks—in a single game.[138] Statistics for steals and blocks were not kept in the NBA until the 1973–74 season, so NBA five-by-fives were only possible from that season onward. Hakeem Olajuwon (six times) and Andrei Kirilenko (three times) are the only players to have recorded multiple five-by-fives (based on records since the 1984–85 season).[138] Both are also the only players to record five-by-sixes (at least six in all five statistical categories).[138] Only twice has a five-by-five coincided with a triple-double (both by Olajuwon) and only three times has a player recorded a five-by-five without registering at least a double-double (two by Kirilenko and one by Marcus Camby).

text: NBA[edit]

text: The following is a list of known five-by-fives. Note the list contains all five-by-fives since the 1984–85 season, as well as one before. There may be other five-by-fives in the NBA that occurred before the 1984–85 season.

text:
Name
Date
Age
Team
Score
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

Erving, JuliusJulius Erving
000000001979-12-05-0000December 5, 1979
7004108780000000000♠29 years, 286 days
Philadelphia 76ers
132–120
San Antonio Spurs
28
7
10
5
5
No
[139][140]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001987-03-10-0000March 10, 1987
7003881400000000000♠24 years, 48 days
Houston Rockets
127–136
Seattle SuperSonics
38
17
6
7
12
Yes (2OT)
[141]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
7003990300000000000♠27 years, 41 days
Houston Rockets
129–109
Golden State Warriors
29
18
9
5
11
No
[102]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001992-04-11-0000April 11, 1992
7004106730000000000♠29 years, 81 days
Houston Rockets
92–99
Dallas Mavericks
19
13
6
5
5
No
[142]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson
000000001992-11-10-0000November 10, 1992
7003995800000000000♠27 years, 96 days
San Antonio Spurs
104–98
Milwaukee Bucks
29
9
5
5
10
No
[143]

Coleman, DerrickDerrick Coleman
000000001993-01-15-0000January 15, 1993
7003934000000000000♠25 years, 208 days
New Jersey Nets
110–105
Philadelphia 76ers
21
10
7
5
5
Yes (OT)
[144]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-04-22-0000April 22, 1993
7004110490000000000♠30 years, 91 days
Houston Rockets
112–110
Minnesota Timberwolves
33
13
5
5
5
Yes (OT)
[145]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-11-05-0000November 5, 1993
7004112460000000000♠30 years, 288 days
Houston Rockets
110–88
New Jersey Nets
24
19
6
5
5
No
[146]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-12-30-0000December 30, 1993
7004113010000000000♠30 years, 343 days
Houston Rockets
110–104
Minnesota Timberwolves
34
10
5
5
8
No
[147]

Divac, VladeVlade Divac
000000001995-02-22-0000February 22, 1995
7003988100000000000♠27 years, 19 days
Los Angeles Lakers
112–100
Philadelphia 76ers
19
12
8
5
5
No
[148]

Tinsley, JamaalJamaal Tinsley
000000002001-11-16-0000November 16, 2001
7003866200000000000♠23 years, 261 days
Indiana Pacers
113–120
Minnesota Timberwolves
12
9
15
6
5
Yes (2OT)
[149]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002003-12-03-0000December 3, 2003
7003832300000000000♠22 years, 288 days
Utah Jazz
101–107
Houston Rockets
19
5
7
8
5
Yes (OT)
[150]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002003-12-10-0000December 10, 2003
7003833000000000000♠22 years, 295 days
Utah Jazz
95–73
New York Knicks
10
12
6
6
5
No
[151]

Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby
000000002004-01-09-0000January 9, 2004
7004108850000000000♠29 years, 293 days
Denver Nuggets
106–96
Utah Jazz
8
11
5
5
8
No
[152]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002006-01-03-0000January 3, 2006
7003908500000000000♠24 years, 319 days
Utah Jazz
90–80
Los Angeles Lakers
14
8
9
6
7
No
[153]

Batum, NicolasNicolas Batum
000000002012-12-16-0000December 16, 2012
7003876800000000000♠24 years, 2 days
Portland Trail Blazers
95–94
New Orleans Hornets
11
5
10
5
5
No
[154]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
000000002015-12-11-0000December 11, 2015
7003941300000000000♠25 years, 282 days
Golden State Warriors
124–119
Boston Celtics
24
11
8
5
5
Yes (2OT)
[155]

text: Facts[edit]

text: All facts based on data since 1985–86:

text:
Greatest five-by-fives (most of each stat): Hakeem Olajuwon, on March 10, 1987, became the first in NBA history to record a five-by-six (at least 6 each of all five statistics: points, rebounds, assists, blocks, steals).[156] It took nearly twenty years for the second official occurrence in NBA history. Andrei Kirilenko, on January 3, 2006, recorded a five-by-six against the Lakers. Though his numbers were not quite as impressive as Olajuwon's, Kirilenko performed the feat in regulation.
Most five-by-fives in a career: Hakeem Olajuwon leads all players with 6 career five-by-fives.[138] Andrei Kirilenko, with 3, is the only other player with more than one career five-by-five.
Most five-by-fives in the same season: Only twice has a player recorded two five-by-fives in a season. Olajuwon in the 1993–94 season, and Kirilenko in the 2003–04 season.
Quickest pair of five-by-fives: Kirilenko performed a five-by-five on December 3, 2003, and completed another just a week later, on December 10, 2003. The second quickest five-by-fives were completed by Olajuwon on November 5, 1993 and another, 55 days later, on December 30, 1993.
Youngest player: Kirilenko's first NBA five-by-five came on December 3, 2003, making him the youngest to record a five-by-five at age 7003832300000000000♠22 years, 288 days.
Oldest player: Olajuwon is the oldest player to record a five-by-five. His last career five-by-five came on December 30, 1993, at which time he was 7004113010000000000♠30 years, 343 days old.