document_title: Ryan Tannehill

question_text: what position did ryan tannehill play in college

text: Ryan Tannehill

text: Early years[edit]

text: Tannehill was born in Lubbock, Texas, but grew up in Big Spring, Texas. He attended Big Spring High School, where he played high school football, high school basketball, and ran on the track and field team. He played 10 games at defensive back his sophomore season. As a junior, he passed for 2,510 yards and rushed for 922 at quarterback. He took his team to the playoffs as a senior, passing for 5,258 yards and rushing for another 617. He had to miss two games due to a separated shoulder in the second game of his senior year. He also posted three receptions for 62 yards and compiled a 39.2 punt average with a long of 84 yards as a senior. He received second-team District 4-4A honors for both his junior and senior seasons. Ryan Tannehill came out of high school a 3 star recruit according to Rivals.com [1]

text: In track & field, Tannehill competed in the hurdling and jumping events. At the 2006 District 4-4A Championships, he placed third in the 300m hurdles (41.24 s) and earned a second-place finish in the triple jump event (13.19 m).[2]

text: College career[edit]

text: 2007 season[edit]

text: Tannehill redshirted his first season (2007) at Texas A&M after turning down offers from the University of Houston, TCU, Tulsa, and UTEP.

text: 2008 season[edit]

text: Before Tannehill's second season, Mike Sherman took over as head coach. In summer camp, Tannehill competed against veteran quarterback Stephen McGee and redshirt sophomore Jerrod Johnson for the starting quarterback position. He finished third in the contest, behind Johnson and then McGee. Sherman, whose offense utilizes true receivers, moved Tannehill to wide receiver.

text: In his fifth game, he posted freshman school records of 210 yards on 12 catches. After his six receptions for 78 yards in the Iowa State game, he broke the freshman school records for receptions and receiving yards.[3] Tannehill finished his redshirt freshman season with 844 receiving yards, which was 11 yards shy of breaking Robert Ferguson's record set in 2000.[4][5] He attempted only one pass at quarterback the whole season.[6]

text: Tannehill had expressed his desire to become the starting quarterback at A&M: "I still think of myself as a quarterback, I still want to be a quarterback here at A&M. Hopefully that's the way it turns out. But if things don't happen that way, and Coach thinks I can better help being a receiver, then I guess I'm okay with that."

text: 2009 season[edit]

text: During the 2009 offseason, Tannehill and Jerrod Johnson competed for the starting quarterback position; the job was won by Johnson.[7]

text: Tannehill finished the 2009 season with a team-leading 46 receptions for 609 yards and four touchdowns.[8] About 80% of his 46 catches went for first downs or touchdowns.[9] He picked up All-Big 12 Honorable Mention honors for his performance.[10] He only took eight snaps at quarterback the entire season.[6]

text: 2010 season[edit]

text: Tannehill continued to play wide receiver during the first six games of the 2010 season. Over those six games, he made 11 catches for 143 yards.[11] He attempted 4 passes during the season opener.[12]

text: He saw extensive action at quarterback during the Kansas game, splitting time with starter Jerrod Johnson. Tannehill finished with 12 completions on 16 attempts for 155 yards and three touchdowns.[13] In his first career start at quarterback, Tannehill led the Aggies to a 45–27 victory over Texas Tech. He set a school record with his 449 passing yards.[14] He also made a 33-yard pooch punt, his first career kick.[15]

text: Tannehill quarterbacked the Aggies to a victory over No. 11 Oklahoma, which moved the team into the top 25. He helped the team maintain the top 25 ranking through victories over Baylor and No. 9 Nebraska. During the Nebraska game, he punted twice since the starter was injured.[16] He and his team defeated Texas to finish off the regular season. Tannehill was recognized with All-Big 12 Honorable Mention honors.[17]

text: 2011 season[edit]

text: In 2011, Tannehill started all 13 games (including the bowl game) at quarterback for the Aggies and served as team captain. He threw for 3,744 yards and 29 touchdowns, with 15 interceptions. He completed 61.6% of his passes and posted a quarterback rating of 133.2. He also ran for 3 touchdowns. Tannehill lost the final game of the regular season to the University of Texas on Thanksgiving Day.

text: Tannehill concluded his quarterback career at Texas A&M with a total of 5,450 passing yards 42 Touchdown passes and 21 interceptions.

text: College statistics[edit]

text:
NCAA collegiate career statistics

Texas A&M Aggies

Year
Passing

Rushing

Receiving

GP
GS
Rating
Comp
Att
Pct
Yards
TD
Int

Att
Yds
Avg
TD

Rec
Yds
Avg
TD

2008
1
0
167.2
1
1
100.0
8
0
0

2
−8
−4.0
0

55
844
15.3
5

2009
2
0
113.0
4
8
50.0
60
0
0

4
−5
−1.3
0

46
609
13.2
4

2010
8
7
137
152
234
65.0
1,638
13
6

51
76
1.5
1

11
143
13.0
1

2011
13
13
133.2
327
531
61.6
3,744
29
15

58
306
5.3
4

0
0
0
0

Totals
24
20
134
484
774
62.53
5,450
42
21

115
369
3.21
5

112
1,596
13.8
10

text: Professional career[edit]

text: Pre-draft[edit]

text:
"I have him rated as the 19th best player in the draft, which tells you I don't think he's ready to be a heavy contributor this year. I watched every throw he made on tape this year. All the out-breaking routes are phenomenal. Where he gets in trouble are the in-breaking routes where he stares the receiver down, pats the ball and throws interceptions."

—Mike Mayock, NFL Network analyst

tag: div

text: Tannehill ran the 40-yard dash in 4.58 seconds at his pro day.[19] He was considered the #3 quarterback prospect in the 2012 NFL Draft class behind Andrew Luck and Robert Griffin III.

text: In the 2012 NFL Draft, the Miami Dolphins selected Tannehill with the 8th overall pick.[20] He was the first quarterback selected by the Dolphins in the first round since Dan Marino went 27th overall in 1983. He became the 17th starting quarterback by the Miami Dolphins since Marino and only the third quarterback taken in the first round in franchise history, after Hall of Famers Bob Griese and Marino.

text: On July 28, 2012, Tannehill signed his four-year rookie contract with the Dolphins worth approximately $12.688 million, with a 5th-year option.[21]

text: On August 20, 2012, Tannehill was named the starting quarterback for the season opener against the Houston Texans.[22]

text: 2012 season[edit]

text: In the 2012 season opener, Tannehill started his first career regular season game which ended in a 30–10 loss. He finished with 219 yards, zero touchdowns and three interceptions.[23][24] Two of his three interceptions were tipped at the line of scrimmage by defensive end J. J. Watt of the Houston Texans. In response to Tannehill's performance, Joe Philbin stated "We've (also) got to do a better job in (pass) protection, and at times the receivers have to protect the throw from the quarterback. So I would say, as is usually the case, there is a little bit of culpability across the board."[25]

text: In week 2 of the 2012 NFL season, Tannehill improved dramatically in a 35–13 win over the Oakland Raiders. Tannehill passed for an even 200 yards, with one touchdown and zero interceptions, as well as 14 yards on the ground to go along with one rushing score. Tannehill seemed to fix his tipped ball problem by having zero passes batted down in week 2. By the end of week 3, Tannehill had completed less than 53% of his passes, and also had only 1 touchdown to four interceptions.[26]

text: In week 4 against the Arizona Cardinals, Tannehill threw for 431 yards,[27][28] surpassing the Dolphins' single-game record for most passing yards by a rookie quarterback, set by Dan Marino in 1983. Tannehill's mark was 1 yard shy of the NFL's single-game passing-yard record by a rookie quarterback, set by Carolina's Cam Newton in 2011. He threw for 1 touchdown and 2 interceptions in the 24–21 overtime loss to the Cardinals. In week 16, Tannehill set a franchise record for longest run by a quarterback by rushing 31 yards in a single play. The previous record was set by Pat White who had a 30-yard run during the 2009 season. During that week 16 game against Buffalo, Tannehill also became the fifth quarterback in team history to surpass 3,000 passing yards in a season.

text: Tannehill went on to set franchise rookie records for passing yards, attempts, and completions.[29]

text: 2013 season[edit]

text: In Week 1, Tannehill started his second season on the road against the Browns. He went 24/38 for 272 yards a touchdown, an interception, and was sacked 4 times in the 23–10 win. In Week 2, Tannehill and his Dolphins traveled to Indianapolis to take on the offense led by Andrew Luck, also a second-year QB. Tannehill went 23/34 for 319 yards for a touchdown, but he was sacked five times and lost a fumble in the 24–20 win. In Week 3, Tannehill went home for the first time, taking on the Falcons. He went 24/35 for 236 yards for 2 touchdowns, an interception, got sacked 5 times and lost a fumble in the close 27–23 win. He led his team to a 3–0 start for the first time since 2002. In Week 4, the young QB struggled on the road against the Saints. He went 22/35 for 249 yards and also a touchdown pass, but also committed 4 team turnovers as he was intercepted 3 times and lost a fumble. He was sacked 4 times in the 38–17 loss.

text: In Week 5, he and his team headed back home to take on the Ravens. His team could not hold on after leading 13–6 at halftime. He went 21/40 for 307 yards and threw a touchdown, and was also sacked 6 times in the 26–23 loss. In Week 7, Tannehill went 19/37 for 194 yards and threw 3 touchdown passes, 2 interceptions and lost a fumble while being sacked twice in the 23–21 home loss to the Bills. In Week 8, Tannehill and the Dolphins traveled to Foxborough to take on the Patriots as he went 22/42 for 192 yards throwing 2 touchdowns, 2 interceptions, losing a fumble, and being sacked 6 times in the 27–17 loss. In Week 9, the Dolphins traveled back home to take on the Bengals. Tannehill went 20/28 for 208 yards with a 1-yard TD run despite being sacked 6 times due to the tottering offensive line in the 22–20 win in OT.

text: In Week 10, the Dolphins traveled to take on the winless Buccaneers. Tannehill went 27/42 for 229 yards while throwing 2 touchdowns, one interception, and two sacks in the 22–19 loss. In week 11, the Dolphins took on the San Diego Chargers at home. Tannehill completed 22 of 35 pass attempts for 268 yards, with one touchdown and one interception in a 20–16 win, despite being sacked 4 times. In week 12, the Dolphins hosted the Panthers in a 20–16 loss. Tannehill got his first of two consecutive 300 yard games, completing 28 out of 42 attempts for 310 yards. He was sacked 3 times. In week 13, the Dolphins were at the New York Jets. For the second consecutive week Tannehill topped the 300 yard mark with 331 yards, going 28 of 43, with 2 TD's, one interception, and one sack to notch the 23–3 win.

text: In week 14, the Dolphins traveled to Pittsburgh to take on the Steelers. Tannehill completed 20 of his 33 attempts with 3 TD's, one interception, 2 sacks in a 34–28 win. In week 15, the Dolphins hosted the New England Patriots. Tannehill had his best game of the year, going 25 of 37 for 312 yards with 3 TD's and no INT's. He was sacked 4 times in the 24–20 win. In week 16, the Dolphins were on the road to take on the Buffalo Bills. Tannehill followed up his best game with a lackluster performance going 10 of 27 for a paltry 82 yards. He was sacked 7 times in the 19–0 loss. In week 17 the Dolphins hosted the Jets. Tannehill went 20 of 40 for 204 yards, one touchdown, 3 interceptions, and 0 sacks in the 20–7 loss. This was the only regular season game in which Tannehill was not sacked.

text: 2014 season[edit]

text: Mike Sherman was the Dolphins' offensive coordinator in Tannehill's first two NFL seasons, and was the head coach at Texas A&M when Tannehill played there. However, during the 2014 offseason, the Dolphins hired new offensive coordinator Bill Lazor, giving Tannehill a new playbook to learn for the first time since high school.[30][31]

text: 2015 season[edit]

text: On May 18, 2015, Tannehill signed a 6-year $96 million contract extension with the Dolphins through the 2020 season, making him an unrestricted free agent in 2021.[32][33] In an October 25, 2015 victory over the Houston Texans, Tannehill became the 64th quarterback in NFL history to post a perfect 158.3 passer rating.[34] In the same game, Tannehill set the all-time NFL record for consecutive completed passes with 25, completing his first 18 passes of the game and the final 7 of his previous game.[35] Four days later, during a Thursday Night game, Tannehill had a rough output, throwing 2 interceptions and 0 touchdowns in a 36–7 loss to the New England Patriots.[36]

text: On December 6, Tannehill became the fourth quarterback in NFL history to throw for over 3,000 yards in each of his first four seasons in the league.[citation needed]

text: On December 15, Tannehill threw for 236 yards and one touchdown in the Dolphins' 31–24 loss to the New York Giants on Monday Night Football. The loss eliminated the Dolphins from the playoff contention for the seventh consecutive year.[37]

text: 2016 season[edit]

text: In 2016, after a 1–4 start, the Dolphins won six straight games, and finish the season on a 9–2 run and 10-6 overall. Tannehill played in 13 games, missing three due to injury. With their Week 15 win over the Jets, the Dolphins clinched a winning record and a playoff berth for the first time since 2008. Tannehill finished the season with a career-high 67.1 completion percentage, 2,995 yards, 19 touchdowns and 12 interceptions.

text: 2017 season[edit]

text: On August 3, 2017, Tannehill suffered an injury to his left leg in the team's first non-contact 11-on-11 practice of season. After limping off the field, it was reported that the team feared he tore his MCL or ACL and would require season-ending surgery.[38] On August 6, the team signed recently retired QB Jay Cutler to act as Tannehill's replacement.[39] On August 11, Tannehill agreed to have surgery to repair the torn ACL, officially keeping him out of the 2017 season.[40][41] He was placed on injured reserve the following day.[42]

text: Professional statistics[edit]

text:
Year
Team
Games
Passing
Rushing
Fumbles

G
GS
W-L
Comp
Att
Pct
Yds
Avg
TD
Int
Rtg
Att
Yds
Avg
TD
Fum
Lost

2012
Miami
16
16
7–9
282
484
58.3%
3,294
6.8
12
13
76.1
49
211
4.3
2
9
4

2013
Miami
16
16
8–8
355
588
60.4%
3,913
6.7
24
17
81.7
40
238
6.0
1
9
5

2014
Miami
16
16
8–8
392
590
66.4%
4,045
6.9
27
12
92.8
56
311
5.6
1
9
2

2015
Miami
16
16
6–10
363
586
61.9%
4,208
7.2
24
12
88.7
32
141
4.4
1
10
3

2016
Miami
13
13
8–5
261
389
67.1%
2,995
7.7
19
12
93.5
39
164
4.2
1
9
3

Career
77
77
37–40
1,653
2,637
62.7%
18,455
7.0
106
66
86.5
216
1,065
4.9
6
46
17

text: Dolphins franchise records[edit]

text:
[hide]Record
Statistic
Set
Notes

Most passing completions in a single season
392
2014

Most passing completions in a rookie season
282
2012

Highest completion percentage, career
62.2%
2012-2016

Highest completion percentage in a single season
66.4%
2014
(Min. 500 attempts)

Most passing yards in a rookie season
3,294
2012

Most passing attempts in a rookie season
484
2012

Longest rush by a quarterback
48 yards
2013

Longest rush by a rookie quarterback
31 yards
2012

Most consecutive pass completions
25
2015
(Also an NFL record)

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Tannehill graduated with a bachelor's degree in biology in May 2011[43] and had planned to become an orthopedic surgeon specializing in knee injuries.[44] Tannehill and his wife, Lauren, whom he met in Panama City in 2009,[45] married in January 2012.[46]


document_title: Smokey and the Bandit

question_text: who plays snowman in smokey and the bandit

root

text: Smokey and the Bandit

text: Plot[edit]

text: Wealthy Texan Big Enos Burdette (Pat McCormick) and his son Little Enos (Paul Williams) seek a truck driver willing to bootleg Coors beer to Georgia for their refreshment. At the time, Coors was regarded as one of the finest beers in the United States,[3] but it could not be legally sold east of the Mississippi River. Truck drivers who had taken the bet previously had been caught and arrested by "Smokey" (CB slang for highway patrol officers, referring to the Smokey Bear–type hats worn in some states).

tag: p

text: The Burdettes find legendary trucker Bo "Bandit" Darville (Burt Reynolds) competing in a truck rodeo at Lakewood Fairgrounds in Atlanta; they offer him $80,000 to haul 400 cases of Coors beer from Texarkana, Texas back to Atlanta in 28 hours; Big Enos has sponsored a driver running in the Southern Classic stockcar race and "when he wins I want to celebrate in style." Bandit accepts the bet and recruits his partner Cledus "Snowman" Snow (Jerry Reed) to drive the truck, while Bandit drives the "blocker", a black Trans Am bought on an advance from the Burdettes, to divert attention away from the truck and its illegal cargo.

text: The trip to Texas is mostly uneventful except for at least one pursuing Smokey whom Bandit evades with ease. They reach Texarkana an hour ahead of schedule, load their truck with the beer and head back toward Atlanta. Immediately upon starting the second leg of the run, Bandit picks up runaway bride Carrie (Sally Field), whom he eventually nicknames "Frog" because she is "kinda cute like a frog" and "always hoppin' around". But in so doing, Bandit makes himself a target of Texas Sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason), a career lawman whose handsome but slow-witted son Junior (Mike Henry) was to have been Carrie's bridegroom. Ignoring his own jurisdiction, Sheriff Justice, with Junior in tow, chases Bandit all the way to Georgia, even as various mishaps cause his cruiser to disintegrate around them.

text: The remainder of the film is one lengthy high-speed chase, as Bandit's antics attract more and more attention from local and state police across Dixie while Snowman barrels on toward Atlanta with the contraband beer. Bandit and Snowman are helped along the way via CB radio by many colorful characters, including an undertaker with his hearse driver and their funeral procession, an elderly lady, a drive-in waitress and all her customers, a convoy of trucks, and even a madam who runs a brothel out of her RV. Neither Sheriff Justice nor any other police officers have any knowledge of Snowman's illegal manifest.

text: The chase intensifies as Bandit and Snowman get closer to Atlanta; moments after crossing back into Georgia, Bandit comes to the rescue when Snowman is pulled over by a motorcycle patrolman, and state and local police step up their pursuit with more cruisers, larger roadblocks, and even a police helicopter to track Bandit's movements. Discouraged by the unexpected mounting attention, and with just four miles left to go, Bandit is about to give up, but Snowman refuses to listen and takes the lead, smashing through the police roadblock at the entrance to the fairgrounds. They arrive back at Lakewood Speedway (while the Southern Classic race is being run) with only 10 minutes to spare, but instead of taking the payoff, Frog and Bandit accept a double-or-nothing offer from Little Enos: a challenge to run up to Boston and bring back clam chowder in 18 hours. They quickly escape in one of Big Enos' Cadillac convertibles, passing Sheriff Justice's badly damaged police car by the side of the road. Bandit first directs Sheriff Justice to Big and Little Enos, but then in a gesture of respect, reveals his true location and invites Justice to give chase, leaving Junior behind.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Burt Reynolds as Bo Darville ("Bandit")
Sally Field as Carrie ("Frog")
Jerry Reed as Cledus Snow ("Snowman")
Jackie Gleason as Sheriff Buford T. Justice ("Smokey")
Mike Henry as Junior Justice
Pat McCormick as Big Enos Burdette
Paul Williams as Little Enos Burdette
Macon McCalman as Mr. B
Susan McIver as Hot Pants
George Reynolds as Sheriff Branford
Laura Lizer Sommers as Little Beaver
Michael Mann as Branford's Deputy
Lamar Jackson as Sugar Bear
Ronnie Gay as Georgia Trooper
Quinnon Sheffield as Alabama Trooper
Alfie Wise as Patrolman
Pat Hustis as Tow Truck Driver
Ingeborg Kjeldsen as Foxy Lady
Ben Jones as Trucker #1
Joe Klecko as Trucker #2
Hank Worden as Trucker #3

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Director Hal Needham originally planned the film as a low-budget B movie with a production cost of $1 million,[2] with Jerry Reed as the Bandit. It was not until Needham's friend Burt Reynolds read the script, and said he would star, that the film was aimed at a more mainstream release; Reed would now portray Bandit's friend Snowman (Reed would eventually play the Bandit in Smokey and the Bandit Part III). At that time Reynolds was the top box office star in the world.

text: Burt Reynolds revealed in his autobiography that Needham had written the first draft script on legal pads. Upon showing it to his friend, Reynolds told Needham that it was the worst script he had ever read but that he would still make the movie. Most of the dialogue was improvised on set.[4]

text: Universal Studios bankrolled Smokey and the Bandit for $5.3 million, figuring it was a good risk.[2] Just two days before production was to begin, Universal sent a "hatchet man" to Atlanta to inform Needham that the budget was being trimmed by $1 million. With Reynolds' salary at $1 million, Needham was left with only $3.3 million to make the film. Needham and assistant director David Hamburger spent 30 hours revising the shooting schedule.[2]

text: "Buford T. Justice" was the name of a real Florida Highway Patrolman known to Reynolds' father, who himself was once Police Chief of Riviera Beach, Florida. His father was also the inspiration for the word "sumbitch" used in the film, a variation of the phrase "son-of-a-bitch" that according to Reynolds he uttered quite often.

text: Jackie Gleason was given free rein to ad-lib dialogue and make suggestions. It was his idea to have Junior alongside him throughout. In particular the scene where Sheriff Justice unknowingly encounters the Bandit in the "choke and puke" (a roadside diner) wasn't in the original story, but rather was Gleason's idea.

text: Before Gleason was cast in the film, Richard Boone was originally considered for the role of Buford T. Justice.[4]

text: Reportedly, Needham had great difficulty getting any studios or producers to take his project seriously (in the film industry, he was better known as a stuntman). He managed to obtain studio attention after his friend Reynolds agreed to portray the Bandit in the film.

text: The movie was primarily filmed in Georgia in the cities of McDonough, Jonesboro and Lithonia. The scenes set in Texarkana were filmed in Jonesboro and the surrounding area, and many of the chase scenes were filmed in the surrounding areas on Highway 54 between Fayetteville and Jonesboro for a majority of the driving scenes, Mundy's Mill Road, Main Street in Jonesboro, Georgia State Route 400, I-85 (Pleasant Hill exit), and in McDonough. However, the scene where they drive through the Shell gas station was filmed in Ojai, California on the corner of Ojai and El Paseo. Much of the surrounding scene comes from that immediate vicinity. The scene featuring the racetrack was filmed at Lakewood Speedway at the old Lakewood Fairgrounds on the south side of Atlanta. The rollercoaster seen in the movie was the Greyhound. It had not been used for some time and was repainted for the film. It was destroyed in Smokey and the Bandit II and a flashback scene in Part 3.[5]

text: The film's theme song, "East Bound and Down," was written virtually overnight by Jerry Reed. He gave Needham a preview of the song, and when initially he got no reaction from the director, offered to rewrite the song. Needham however liked the song so much he assured Jerry not to change a word. It became one of Reed's biggest hits and his signature number.[6]

text: The area around Helen, Georgia was also used for some locations. The scene where Buford T. Justice's car has the door knocked off by a passing semi was shot on GA 75, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Helen. The tow truck driver was an actual local garage owner, Berlin Wike.

text: The film features the custom clothing and costuming of Niver Western Wear of Fort Worth, Texas.[7] NWW provided much of the western attire worn in the film, as well as the custom-made (size 64) sheriff's uniforms that Jackie Gleason wore throughout the film.

text: Reynolds and Sally Field began dating during the filming of Smokey and the Bandit.

text: While made to take advantage of the ongoing 1970s CB radio fad, the film itself added to the craze.[8]

text: Though the film Moonrunners (1975) is the precursor to the television series The Dukes of Hazzard (1979-1985), from the same creator and with many identical settings and concepts, the popularity of Smokey and the Bandit and similar films helped get the Dukes series on air. Three actors from the main cast of The Dukes of Hazzard appear in small uncredited roles in Smokey and the Bandit: Ben Jones, John Schneider and Sonny Shroyer (who played a police officer in both). In return, Reynolds portrayed the Dukes character Boss Hogg (originally portrayed by Sorrell Booke) in the film adaptation The Dukes of Hazzard (2005). Reynolds is also referenced by name in several early episodes of the series.

text: Vehicles[edit]

text: Needham saw an advertisement for the soon-to-be-released 1977 Pontiac Trans Am and knew right away that would be the Bandit's car, or–as Needham referred to it–a character in the movie. He contacted Pontiac and an agreement was made that four 1977 Trans Ams and two Pontiac LeMans 4-door sedans would be provided for the movie.[9] The Trans Ams were actually 1976 model cars with '77 front ends. (From 1970 to 1976, both the Firebird/Trans Am and Chevrolet Camaro had two round headlights, and in 1977, the Firebird/Trans Am was changed to four square headlights, while the Camaro remained unchanged.) The decals were also changed to 1977-style units, as evidenced by the engine size callouts on the hood scoop being in liters rather than cubic inches as had been the case in 1976. The hood scoop on these cars says "6.6 LITRE", which in 1977 would have denoted an Oldsmobile 403-equipped car or a non W-72, 180 hp version of the 400 Pontiac engine. All four of the cars were badly damaged during production,[10] one of which was all but destroyed during the jump over the dismantled bridge. The Trans Am used for the dismantled bridge jump was equipped with a booster rocket, the same type that was used by Evel Knievel during his failed Snake River Canyon jump. Needham served as the driver for the stunt (standing in for Reynolds) while Lada St. Edmund was in the same car (standing in for Sally Field during the jump). By the movie's ending, the final surviving Trans Am and LeMans were both barely running and the other cars had become parts donors to keep them running. The Burdettes' car is a 1974 Cadillac Eldorado convertible painted in a "Candy Red" color scheme, and is seen briefly at the beginning of the movie and as Bandit, Snowman, Fred, and Frog make their escape in the final scene.

text: The film also made use of three Kenworth W900A short-frame semi trucks which Jerry Reed can be seen driving, each equipped with 38" sleepers. Two units were 1974 models as evidenced by standard silver Kenworth emblems on the truck grille, and one unit was a 1973 model as evidenced by the gold-painted Kenworth emblem on the truck's grille signifying Kenworth's 50 years in business. The paint code for each truck was coffee brown with gold trims, and the 48-foot (15 m) mural trailer used was manufactured by Hobbs Trailers in Texas with a Thermo King Refrigeration unit which was non-operational. This is obvious because there is no fuel tank on the underside of the trailer to power the refrigeration unit, and the unit is never heard running.[11]

text: Legal status of Coors beer[edit]

text: In 1977, Coors was unavailable for sale east of Oklahoma. A 1974 Time magazine article explains why Coors was so sought after that someone could be willing to pay the Bandit such a high price to transport it. Coors Banquet Beer had a brief renaissance as certain people sought it out for its lack of stabilizers and preservatives. The article says that future Vice President Gerald Ford hid it in his luggage after a trip to Colorado in order to take it back to Washington. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had a steady supply airlifted to Washington by the Air Force. The article also mentions Frederick Amon, who smuggled it from Colorado to North Carolina and sold it for four times the retail price.[12] The lack of additives and preservatives meant that Coors had the potential for spoiling in a week if it were not kept cold throughout its transportation and in storage at its destination. This explains the 28-hour deadline.[13]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Smokey And The Bandit: Music from the Motion Picture

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
1977 (1977)

Genre
Truck-driving country
country rock
country
rock

Length
41:11

Label
MCA Records

Producer
Sonny Burke

Singles from Smokey And The Bandit: Music from the Motion Picture

"East Bound and Down"
Released: August 1, 1977

tag: table

text: The theme music, "East Bound and Down", was sung and co-written by Reed (credited under his birth name, Jerry Hubbard) and Dick Feller. It became Reed's signature song and is found on multiple albums, including Country Legends and his live album Jerry Reed: Live Still. In 1991 it was arranged for orchestra by Crafton Beck and recorded by Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra for their album Down on the Farm. Several other groups, such as US rock band Tonic, have also covered it. Reed also penned and performed the song for the opening credits, entitled "The Legend", which tells of some of The Bandit's escapades prior to the events of the film, and the ballad "The Bandit", which features in several versions in the movie and on the soundtrack. Reed's hit not withstanding, Bill Justis is the first name on the credits for the soundtrack as he composed and arranged original music throughout the film. Musicians such as Beegie Adair and George Tidwell played on the soundtrack as part of long careers in music. Legendary five-string banjo player Bobby Thompson is also heard prominently towards the end of "East Bound and Down." The soundtrack album was released in 1977 on vinyl, cassette and 8-track through MCA Records.[14]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length

1.
"The Legend"
Jerry R. Hubbard
2:09

2.
"Incidental CB Dialogue" (Voice ["bandit"] – Burt Reynolds, Voice ["snowman"] – Jerry Reed)

0:28

3.
"West Bound And Down"
Jerry R. Hubbard, Dick Feller
2:45

4.
"Foxy Lady"
Bill Justis
2:51

5.
"Incidental CB Dialogue" (Voice ["bandit"] – Burt Reynolds, Voice ["smokey"] – Jackie Gleason, Voice ["snowman"] – Jerry Reed)

0:56

6.
"Orange Blossom Special"
Ervin T. Rouse
2:40

7.
"The Bandit"
Dick Feller
3:00

8.
"March Of The Rednecks"
Bill Justis
2:22

9.
"If You Leave Me Tonight I'll Cry"
Gerald Sanford, Hal Mooney
2:47

10.
"East Bound and Down (Incidental CB Dialogue Included)" (Voice ["bandit"] – Burt Reynolds, Voice ["snowman"] – Jerry Reed)
Jerry R. Hubbard, Dick Feller
4:42

11.
"The Bandit"
Dick Feller
2:48

12.
"And The Fight Played On!"
Bill Justis
2:22

13.
"Ma Cousin Plays Steel"
Bill Justis
3:11

14.
"Hot Pants Fuzz Parade"
Bill Justis
4:48

15.
"Incidental CB Dialogue" (Voice ["bandit"] – Burt Reynolds, Voice ["snowman"] – Jerry Reed)

1:05

16.
"The Bandit (Reprise)"
Dick Feller
2:17

Total length:
41:11

text: Reception[edit]

text: Smokey and the Bandit was a smash hit at the box office. With an original budget of $5.3 million (cut to $4.3 million two days before initial production),[2] the film grossed $126,737,428 in North America,[15] making it the second-highest-grossing movie of 1977. The worldwide gross is estimated at over $300 million.[2]

text: Film critic Leonard Maltin gave the film a good rating (3 stars out of a possible 4) and characterized it as "About as subtle as The Three Stooges, but a classic compared to the sequels and countless rip-offs which followed."[16]

text: Gene Siskel, in his review in the Chicago Tribune, gave the film two stars and complained that the film failed to tell the audience when the clock started on the beer run, thus removing suspense throughout the film concerning how long remained to them. He also claimed that Bandit is never made aware of Frog's leaving Junior at the altar, which is why the Bandit continually asks why a Texas sheriff is chasing him. However, this is inaccurate: within seconds of Bandit picking her up, Frog tells him "there is a wedding in search of a bride", and goes on to explain her ill-advised romance with Junior, as Bandit holds up the CB mic for Snowman to hear.

text: The film's editors, Walter Hannemann and Angelo Ross, were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing. It currently holds an 81% "Fresh" rating on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 27 reviews.[17]

text: Burt Reynolds rated the film as the one he most enjoyed and had the most fun making in his career.[18]

text: Legendary film maker Alfred Hitchcock stated that the movie was one of his favorites.[19]

text: Upon meeting Burt Reynolds, Billy Bob Thornton told him that the picture was not considered as such in the south, and was considered more of a documentary.[20]

text: "Smokey and the Bandit" was released in the United Kingdom on August 28, 1977 and was a sizeable success there, garnering positive reviews[21]

text: American Film Institute Lists

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:

Bandit (Bo Darville) – Nominated Hero

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: Trans Am[edit]

text: After the debut of the movie the Trans Am became wildly popular with sales almost doubling in two years of the film's release, to the delight of General Motors; in fact, it outsold its Camaro counterpart for the first time ever.[22] Reynolds was given the 1977 vehicle used during promotion of the film as a gift, though the car itself never actually appeared in the film. Because of the popularity of the movie and the sales success of the Trans Am, then President of Pontiac Alex Mair promised to supply Reynolds with a Trans Am each year. Owing to his financial difficulties, in 2014 Reynolds put his vast collection of artwork and memorabilia up for auction, including the Trans Am. High estimates for the car were up to $80,000, but that was dwarfed by the actual sale price of $450,000. Also up for auction was a go-kart replica of the car, which sold for nearly $14,000.[23] In 2016, Trans Am Depot, a Florida-based automobile customization company, announced that it would build 77 Trans Ams that would be modeled after the car that Reynolds drove in the 1977 original, despite Pontiac having been discontinued by GM in 2009. These new models were built off the Camaro platform (the very same one that the real Firebird and Trans Am used), came with Pontiac arrowhead, flaming bird and Bandit logos, as well as instrument panels, center consoles and hood scoops emulating their 1977 counterparts, and were signed by Reynolds. Some differences included the use of a supercharged 454-cid (7.4-liter) Chevrolet-sourced engine that put out 840 HP, and four round headlights, which appeared on the 1967-69 Firebirds/Trans Ams only; the actual 1977-81 models had square headlights.[24]

text: Diablo sandwich[edit]

text: The diablo sandwich ordered by Sheriff Justice in the Arkansas barbecue restaurant scene has entered popular culture as a minor reference to the film. While no authoritative source identifies the composition of the sandwich, there are several possibilities. A segment of the CMT program Reel Eats used a sloppy joe-style recipe consisting of seasoned ground beef, corn and sour cream.[25] Another proposal, based more closely on images from the film and the shooting location of the scene (at an Old Hickory House restaurant in Georgia), is pulled pork and hot sauce on a hamburger bun.[26]

text: The Bandit Run[edit]

text: First run in 2007 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the movie, The Bandit Run was the brainchild of Dave Hall, owner of Restore A Muscle Car. A group of Trans Am owners and fans of the movie take part in an annual road trip from Texarkana to Jonesboro, Georgia, recreating the route taken by the characters in the film.

text: The Bandit Run quickly caught on and has become a fixture, most recently celebrating the 40th anniversary of the movie with a special screening of the film attended by Burt Reynolds and a recreation of the jump undertaken by Bandit and Frog across a river.[27]

text: Mobil 1 commercial[edit]

text: In 2014, petroleum company Mobil 1 produced television commercials, featuring NASCAR star Tony Stewart, closely based on the film. Called Smoke is the Bandit playing on Stewart's nickname, the commercials featured him as the Bandit opposite Darrell Waltrip who played Snowman and Jeff Hammond as Buford T. Justice. The story replaced the Coors beer with Mobil 1 products. The adverts poked fun at the film and even featured a Pontiac Trans Am and a cover version of the song East Bound and Down. The commercials were produced after Stewart mentioned that the movie was one of his favorites.[28]

text: Television censorship and alternative versions[edit]

text: When Smokey and the Bandit first aired on American network television in the early 1980s, censors were faced with the challenge of toning down the raw language of the original film. For this purpose, they overdubbed dialogue deemed offensive, which was (and remains, to an extent) common practice. The most noted change made for network broadcast was the replacing of Buford's often-spoken phrase "sumbitch" (a contraction of "son of a bitch"; usually in reference to the Bandit) with the phrase "scum bum". This phrase achieved a level of popularity with children, and the 2007 Hot Wheels release of the 1970s Firebird Trans Am has "scum bum" emblazoned on its tail. The TV prints of the first two Bandit films are still shown regularly on television, although a few TV stations aired the unedited version in recent years as some of the phraseology (i.e. "(son of a) bitch", "ass", etc.) became more acceptable on TV.

text: The original actors mostly redubbed their own lines for the television version, except for Gleason. Actor Henry Corden, who voiced Fred Flintstone after original performer Alan Reed died, was used to replace a considerable amount of Sheriff Justice's dialogue. This is fitting, as Fred Flintstone was a parody of/homage to Gleason's character Ralph Kramden and The Flintstones was a parody of/homage to The Honeymooners.

text: In the UK, the heavily dubbed version was shown for a number of years, particularly by the BBC. However, in more recent years, the original version has been shown (on ITV, a commercial channel), usually with the stronger language edited out, often quite awkwardly and noticeably.

text: The theatrical release itself had a few lines deleted, including a creative edit in which Sheriff Justice tells a state trooper to "fuck off." His expletive is obscured when a passing big rig sounds its horn. At the time, using the 'F' word would immediately require an R rating which the producers were looking to avoid. This clever self-censorship allowed the film to avoid this rating and reach a much larger audience.

text: In 2006, a DVD re-release was issued of Smokey and the Bandit featuring a digitally-remastered audio track with 5.1 Dolby-compatible surround sound. It should be noted however that many of the film's original sounds were replaced. For instance, the diesel engine start and run up sequence in the opening sequence of the film was completely dubbed over with a totally new sound. A few other examples of "sound effect replacement" occur when Bandit takes off after managing to get a reluctant Cledus involved in the bet, and after he comes to a screeching halt on a roadway moments before picking up Carrie. Some of the original sound effects (such as Cledus' dog Fred's barking) and music (such as the final chase to the Southern Classic) were removed and not replaced. (Note: earlier DVD releases of the film have the original soundtrack intact.)

text: Major portions of the audio 'background' have been modified with different engine sounds or tire squeals from the original film. The updated version of the film features sounds inaccurate for what would be produced by the Trans Am or the numerous other Pontiac vehicles in the film. The original film had correct sounds that were usually recorded live as the action took place.

text: Some TV versions also feature a longer version of the scene where Cledus wades into the pond after Fred.[29]

text: Spinoff[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2013)

text: A series of television movies aired in 1994. The car featured was a Dodge Stealth.

text: Reboot[edit]

text: In late 2017, Universal Pictures accquires Edgar Wright to direct a reimagining/reboot of the first film, due to the summer of 2019 release.


document_title: Master chief petty officer

question_text: what is the minimum number of fleet master chiefs

text: Master chief petty officer

text: Advancement[edit]

text: In the Navy, advancement to master chief petty officer is similar to that of chief petty officer and senior chief petty officer. It carries requirements of time in service, superior evaluation scores, and selection by a board of master chiefs. Similarly, senior chief petty officers and chief petty officers are chosen by selection boards. In the Coast Guard, advancement to master chief petty officer is similar to other advancements consisting of competition with other advancement-eligible senior chief petty officers. Eligible candidates are prioritized based on written examination scores, evaluations, award points, time in service, and time in grade. Master chief petty officers are then selected monthly from this prioritization list as positions become available.

text: Petty officers of all grades possess both a rate (the enlisted term for rank) and rating (job, similar to a military occupational specialty (MOS) in other branches). The full title (most commonly used[3]) is a combination of the two. Thus, a master chief petty officer with the rating of fire controlman would properly be called a master chief fire controlman.

text: Each rating has an official abbreviation, such as FC for fire controlman, FT for fire control technician, and STS for sonar technician, submarines. When combined with the rate abbreviation (CM for master chief), it produces the full rate designation, such as FCCM for master chief fire controlman. It is not uncommon practice to refer to the master chief by this shorthand in all but the most formal correspondence (such as printing and inscription on awards). Mostly, though, they are simply called "Master Chief", regardless of rating.

text: The rate insignia for a master chief is a white eagle with spread wings above three chevrons. The chevrons are topped by a rocker(arc) that goes behind the eagle. Two inverted silver stars (a reference to the stars used on the sleeves of line officers) are placed above the eagle. Between the arc and the top chevron is the specialty mark of the enlisted rating. This is used on the service dress blue, dinner dress blue jacket, and dinner dress white jacket uniforms. On other uniforms, the insignia used for shirt collars and caps is the one that has become universally accepted as the symbol of the chief petty officer. This is a gold foul anchor (note: the proper term is "foul anchor", not "fouled") superimposed with a silver "USN" (Navy) or a silver shield (Coast Guard). As on the rating badge, this is capped by two five-pointed stars, showing one ray down.

text: Command master chief petty officer[edit]

text: Master chief petty officers are generally considered to be the technical experts in their fields. They serve at sea and ashore in commands of all sizes. Many master chiefs choose to enter the command master chief petty officer program. If selected, a master chief receives additional leadership training and is assigned to a command as the command master chief (CMDCM). The command master chief is the senior enlisted person at a command and as such works as a liaison between the commanding officer and the enlisted ranks, serving as the senior enlisted leader. In this capacity, the CMDCM assists the commanding officer in issues of quality of life, discipline, training, and morale. On submarines, the CMDCM is called the chief of the boat or "COB". The CMDCM insignia has a silver star in lieu of the enlisted rating between the arc and the top chevron.

text: Fleet and force master chief petty officer[edit]

text: These two ranks are equivalent and their insignia is also the same—a master chief rating badge with two gold stars above the eagle and a gold star for the rating insignia.

text: A force master chief petty officer (FORCM) is a master chief who has virtually the same responsibility as command master chiefs, but for larger force commands rather than a single unit. There are 16 force master chief positions in the Navy:

text:
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Naval Air Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet
Naval Air Forces
Naval Education and Training Command
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Naval Special Warfare
Naval Surface Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet
Naval Surface Forces
Navy Cyber
Navy Expeditionary Combat Command
Navy Installations Command
Navy Personnel Command
Navy Recruiting Command
Navy Reserve Forces
Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet
Submarine Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet

text: A fleet master chief petty officer (FLTCM) is a master chief who again has virtually the same responsibility as command master chiefs, but for larger fleet commands. There are four fleet master chief positions in the Navy:[4]

text:
United States Fleet Forces Command
United States Pacific Fleet
United States Naval Forces, Europe/Africa
Navy Total Force/Manpower, Personnel, Training and Education

text: Master chief petty officer of the Navy[edit]

text: There exists one post that is unique – master chief petty officer of the Navy (MCPON, pronounced "mick-ponn"). The holder of this post is the most senior enlisted member in the U.S. Navy. The MCPON adds a third star above the rating insignia described earlier, and all three stars are gold (silver on the gold foul anchor collar device). Likewise, the rating specialty mark is replaced by a gold star. In September 2016, Steven S. Giordano assumed the role of MCPON, replacing Michael D. Stevens.

text: Master chief petty officer of the Coast Guard[edit]

text: The master chief petty officer of the Coast Guard (MCPOCG) is the most senior enlisted member in the U.S. Coast Guard. The MCPOCG adds a third star above the rating insignia described earlier, and all three stars are gold (silver on the gold foul anchor collar device). Likewise, the rating specialty mark is replaced by a gold shield. The current master chief petty officer of the Coast Guard is Steven W. Cantrell.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
In the Halo video game franchise, the protagonist, Master Chief Petty Officer John-117, commonly referred to as "Master Chief" or simply "Chief", derives his nicknames from his rank of master chief petty officer.
In the 2014 TV series The Last Ship, the character Russell Jeter (portrayed by Charles Parnell) is the Command Master Chief (CMC) aboard the USS Nathan James and holds the rank of Command Master Chief Petty Officer.
In the 2012 TV series Last Resort, the character Joseph Prosser, (portrayed by Robert Patrick) is the Chief of the Boat (COB) of the USS Colorado and holds the rank of master chief petty officer.
In the 2000 film Men of Honor, the character Leslie William "Billy" Sunday (portrayed by Robert De Niro) is a U.S. Navy diver with the rank of master chief petty officer. This film is based on real-life events of Carl Brashear, the first black man to be accepted into the salvage divers school; he eventually also earned the rank of master chief himself.
In the 1997 film, G.I. Jane, the U.S. Navy SEAL in charge of training the recruits is Command Master Chief John Urgayle, played by Viggo Mortensen.


document_title: Burning of Washington

question_text: who was president when the white house burnt down

text: Burning of Washington

text: Reasons[edit]

text: The British government, already at war with Napoleonic France, adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812. Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada. However, after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814, Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States. In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada, the Earl of Bathurst, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda, from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war. It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada.[4] The commanders were under strict orders, however, not to carry out operations far inland, or to attempt to hold territory. Early in 1814, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Navy's North America and West Indies Station, controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war. He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans.[5]

text: Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year. On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak, and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack.[6] Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore, Washington and Philadelphia. On July 17, Cockburn recommended Washington as the target, because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and "the greater political effect likely to result".[7]  General Ross commanded a 4,500-man army, composed of the 4th (King's Own) Light, 21st Royal North British Fusiliers, 44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot, and 85th Regiment of Foot.

text: An added motive was retaliation for what Britain saw as the "wanton destruction of private property along the north shores of Lake Erie" by American forces under Col. John Campbell in May 1814, the most notable being the Raid on Port Dover.[8] On June 2, 1814, Sir George Prévost, Governor General of The Canadas, wrote to Cochrane at Admiralty House, in Bailey's Bay, Bermuda, calling for a retaliation against the American destruction of private property in violation of the laws of war. Prévost argued that,

text: … in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie, in order that if the war with the United States continues you may, should you judge it advisable, assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages.[8]

text: On July 18, Cochrane ordered Cockburn to "deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages ... You are hereby required and directed to destroy and lay waste such towns and districts as you may find assailable".[9] Cochrane instructed, "You will spare merely the lives of the unarmed inhabitants of the United States". Ross and Cockburn surveyed the torching of the President's Mansion, during which time a great storm arose unexpectedly out of the southeast. They were confronted a number of times while on horseback by older women from around Washington City and elderly clergymen (Southern Presbyterian and Southern Baptist), with women and children who had been hiding in homes and churches. They requested protection from abuse and robbery by enlisted personnel from the British Expeditionary Forces whom they accused of having tried to ransack private homes and other buildings. Major-General Ross had two British soldiers put in chains for violation of his general order. Throughout the events of that day, a severe storm blew into the city, worsening on the night of August 24, 1814.

text: Events[edit]

text: President James Madison, members of his government, and the military fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg. They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville, a small town in Montgomery County, Maryland, which is known today as the United States Capital for a Day. President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley, a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville. Bentley's house, known today as the Madison House, still stands in Brookeville.[10]

text: The sappers and miners of the Corps of Royal Engineers under Captain Blanshard were employed in burning the principal buildings. Blanshard reported that it seemed that the American President was so sure that the attacking force would be made prisoners that a handsome entertainment had been prepared. Blanshard and his sappers enjoyed the feast.[11]:358

text: U.S. Capitol[edit]

text: The Capitol was, according to some contemporary travelers, the only building in Washington "worthy to be noticed."[12] Thus, it was a prime target for the British invaders, both for its aesthetic and symbolic value. Upon arrival into the city via Maryland Avenue, the British targeted the Capitol (first the southern wing, containing the House of Representatives, then the northern wing, containing the Senate).[13] Prior to setting it aflame, the British looted the building (which at that time housed Congress, the Library of Congress, and the Supreme Court). Items looted by British General Sir George Cockburn included “An account of the receipts and expenditures of the United States for the year 1810.[14]"

text: The British intended to burn the building to the ground. They set fire to the southern wing first. The flames grew so quickly that the British were prevented from collecting enough wood to burn the stone walls completely. However, the Library of Congress’s contents in the northern wing contributed to the flames on that side.[15] Among the destruction was the 3,000-volume collection of the Library of Congress [16] and the intricate decorations of the neoclassical columns, pediments, and sculptures[17] originally designed by William Thornton in 1793 and Benjamin Latrobe in 1803.[18] The wooden ceilings and floors burned, and the glass skylights melted because of the intense heat.[19] But, the building was not a complete loss. The House rotunda, the east lobby, the staircases, and Latrobe’s famous Corn-Cob Columns in the Senate entrance hall all survived.[20] The Superintendent of the Public Buildings of the City of Washington, Thomas Munroe, concluded that the loss to the Capitol amounted to $787,163.28, with $457,388.36 for the North wing and main building, and $329,774.92 for the South wing.[21]

text: White House[edit]

text: After burning the Capitol, the British turned northwest up Pennsylvania Avenue toward the White House. After US government officials and President Madison fled the city, the First Lady Dolley Madison received a letter from her husband, urging her to be prepared to leave Washington at a moment's notice.[22]  Dolley organized the slaves and staff to save valuables from the British.[23] James Madison's personal slave, the fifteen-year-old boy Paul Jennings, was an eyewitness.[24] After later buying his freedom from the widow Dolley Madison, Jennings published his memoir in 1865, considered the first from the White House:

text: It has often been stated in print, that when Mrs. Madison escaped from the White House, she cut out from the frame the large portrait of Washington (now in one of the parlors there), and carried it off. She had no time for doing it. It would have required a ladder to get it down. All she carried off was the silver in her reticule, as the British were thought to be but a few squares off, and were expected any moment.[25]

text: Jennings said the people who saved the painting and removed the objects actually were:

text: John Susé (Jean Pierre Sioussat, the French door-keeper, and still living at the time of Jennings's memoir]  and Magraw [McGraw], the President's gardener, took it down and sent it off on a wagon, with some large silver urns and such other valuables as could be hastily got hold of. When the British did arrive, they ate up the very dinner, and drank the wines, &c., that I had prepared for the President's party.[25][26][27]

text: The soldiers burned the president's house, and fuel was added to the fires that night to ensure they would continue burning into the next day.

text: In 2009, President Barack Obama held a ceremony at the White House to honor Jennings as a representative of his contributions to saving the Gilbert Stuart painting and other valuables. (The painting that was saved was a copy Stuart made of the painting, not the original,[28] although it is the same one on display in the East Room.) "A dozen descendants of Jennings came to Washington, to visit the White House. They looked at the painting their relative helped save."[29] In an interview with National Public Radio, Jennings' great-great-grandson Hugh Alexander said, "We were able to take a family portrait in front of the painting, which was for me one of the high points."[24] He confirmed that Jennings later purchased his freedom from the widowed Dolley Madison.[24]

text: Other Washington properties[edit]

text: The day after the destruction of the White House, Rear Admiral Cockburn entered the building of the D.C. newspaper, the National Intelligencer, intending to burn it down. However, several women persuaded him not to because they were afraid the fire would spread to their neighboring houses. Cockburn wanted to destroy the newspaper because its reporters had written so negatively about him, branding him "The Ruffian". Instead, he ordered his troops to tear the building down brick by brick, and ordered all the "C" type destroyed "so that the rascals can have no further means of abusing my name".[30]

text: The British sought out the United States Treasury in hopes of finding money or items of worth, but they found only old records.[16] They burned the United States Treasury and other public buildings. The United States Department of War building was also burned. However, the War and State Department files had been removed, so the books and records had been saved; the only records of the War Department lost were recommendations of appointments for the Army and letters received from seven years earlier.[31] The First U.S. Patent Office Building was saved by the efforts of William Thornton, the former Architect of the Capitol and then the Superintendent of Patents, who gained British cooperation to preserve it.[32][A] "When the smoke cleared from the dreadful attack, the Patent Office was the only Government building ... left untouched" in Washington.[33]

text: The Americans had already burned much of the historic Washington Navy Yard, founded by Thomas Jefferson, to prevent capture of stores and ammunition,[34] as well as the 44-gun frigate USS Columbia and the 22 gun USS Argus both new vessels nearing completion.[35]  The Navy Yard's Latrobe Gate, Quarters A, and Quarters B were the only buildings to escape destruction.[36][37] Also spared were the Marine Barracks and Commandant's House, although several private properties were damaged or destroyed.[38]

text: In the afternoon of August 25, General Ross sent two hundred men to secure a fort on Greenleaf's Point. The fort, later known as Fort McNair, had already been destroyed by the Americans, but 150 barrels of gunpowder remained. While the British were trying to destroy it by dropping the barrels into a well, the powder ignited. As many as thirty men were killed in the explosion, and many others were maimed.[39]

text: "The Storm that Saved Washington"[edit]

text: Less than a day after the attack began, a sudden very heavy thunderstorm—possibly a hurricane—put out the fires. It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital, setting down on Constitution Avenue[3] and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away and killing British troops and American civilians alike.[40] Following the storm, the British troops returned to their ships, many of which were badly damaged. There is some debate regarding the effect of this storm on the occupation. While some assert that the storm forced their retreat,[3] it seems likely from their destructive and arsonous actions before the storm, and their written orders from Cochrane to "destroy and lay waste",[41] that their intention was merely to raze the city, rather than occupy it for an extended period. Whatever the case, the British occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours. Despite this, the "Storm that saved Washington", as it became known, did the opposite according to some. The rains sizzled and cracked the already charred walls of the White House and ripped away at structures the British had no plans to destroy (such as the Patent Office). The storm may have exacerbated an already dire situation for Washington DC.

text: An encounter was noted between Sir George Cockburn 10th Baronet and a female resident of Washington. "Dear God! Is this the weather to which you are accustomed to in this infernal country?" enquired the Admiral. "This is a special interposition of Providence to drive our enemies from our city", the woman allegedly called out to Cockburn. "Not so, Madam", Cockburn retorted. "It is rather to aid your enemies in the destruction of your city", before riding off on horseback.[42] Yet, the British left right after the storm completely unopposed by any American military forces.

text: The Royal Navy reported that it lost one man killed and six wounded in the attack, of whom the fatality and three of the wounded were from the Corps of Colonial Marines.[43]

text: The destruction of the Capitol, including the Senate House and the House of Representatives, the Arsenal, Dockyard, Treasury, War Office, President's mansion, bridge over the Potomac, a frigate and a sloop together with all Materiel was estimated at £365,000.[11]:359

text: A separate British force captured Alexandria, on the south side of the Potomac River, while Ross's troops were leaving Washington. The mayor of Alexandria made a deal and the British refrained from burning the town.[44]

text: President Madison returned to Washington by September 1, on which date he issued a proclamation calling on citizens to defend the District of Columbia.[45] Congress returned and assembled in special session on September 19. Due to the destruction of the Capitol and other public buildings, they initially met in the Post and Patent Office building.[46]

text: In 2013, an episode of the Weather Channel documentary series "Weather That Changed History", entitled "The Thunderstorm That Saved D.C.", was devoted to these events.

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Most contemporary American observers, including newspapers representing anti-war Federalists, condemned the destruction of the public buildings as needless vandalism.[47]  Many of the British public were shocked by the burning of the Capitol and other buildings at Washington; such actions were denounced by most leaders of continental Europe, where capital cities had been repeatedly occupied in the course of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and always spared destruction (at least on the part of the occupiers – the famous burning of Moscow that occurred less than two years prior had been an act carried out by the defenders). According to The Annual Register, the burning had "brought a heavy censure on the British character", with some members of Parliament, including the anti-establishment MP Samuel Whitbread,[47] joining in the criticism.

text: The majority of British opinion believed that the burnings were justified following the damage that United States forces had done with its incursions into Canada. In addition, they noted that the United States had been the aggressor, declaring war and initiating it.[48] Several commentators regarded the damages as just revenge for the American destruction of the Parliament buildings and other public buildings in York, the provincial capital of Upper Canada, early in 1813. Sir George Prévost wrote that "as a just retribution, the proud capital at Washington has experienced a similar fate".[49] The Reverend John Strachan, who as Rector of York had witnessed the American acts there, wrote to Thomas Jefferson that the damage to Washington "was a small retaliation after redress had been refused for burnings and depredations, not only of public but private property, committed by them in Canada".[50]

text: When they ultimately returned to Bermuda, the British forces took two pairs of portraits of King George III and his wife, Queen Charlotte, which had been discovered in one of the public buildings. One pair currently hangs in the House of Assembly of the Parliament of Bermuda, and the other in the Cabinet Building, both in the city of Hamilton.[51]

text: Reconstruction[edit]

text: Although the President and military officers returned to Washington only a few days after the British left, Congress did not return for three and half weeks.[52] The Thirteenth Congress officially convened on September 19, 1814, at the Blodgett’s Hotel, one of the few surviving buildings large enough to hold all members.[53] The Blodgett's Hotel also housed the U. S. Patent Office. Although the British had destroyed all public buildings, the Blodgett's Hotel and U.S. Patent Office was spared.[54] It was in this building that Congress met between September 1814 and December 1815 (when construction of the Old Brick Capitol was complete).[55]

text: There was a movement in Congress to relocate the capital after the burning. Congressmen from the North pushed for relocation to Philadelphia or other prominent Union cities, while Southern congressmen claimed that moving the capital would degrade the American sense of dignity and strength (however many southern congressmen simply did not want to move the capital north of the Mason–Dixon line).[56] On September 21, 1814, the House of Representatives voted to strike down a proposal to relocate the capital from Washington, D. C. by a margin of 83 to 54.[57] On February 3, 1815, in an effort to guarantee that the federal government would always remain in the area, Washington property owners funded the building of the Old Brick Capitol,[58] a larger meeting space where the Supreme Court now stands.[59] Construction of the Old Brick Capitol cost $25,000 and was funded primarily through the sale of stocks. The largest donor was Daniel Carroll of Duddington, a rich English property owner in the area.[60] Construction began on July 4, 1814, and concluded in December 1815. Congress met in the Old Brick Capitol between December 1815 and December 1819, when the Capitol reopened.[61]

text: The Capitol reconstruction took much longer than anticipated. The Old Brick Capitol took only five months to complete; the Capitol took twelve years.[18] A committee appointed by Congress to investigate the damage to the District concluded that it was cheaper to rebuild the already existing and damaged buildings than to build an entirely new one.[62] On February 13, 1815, President Madison and Congress passed legislation to borrow $500,000 to repair the public buildings, including the Capitol, "on their present sites in the city of Washington".[63] Benjamin Latrobe, architect of the Capitol who took over for William Thornton in 1803, was rehired to repair the building on April 18, 1815.[64] He immediately requested 60,000 feet of boards, 500 tons of stone, 1,000 barrels of lime, and brick.[64] With the $500,000 borrowed from Washington banks,[61] Latrobe was able to rebuild the two wings and the central dome before being fired in 1818 for being difficult.[65] Charles Bulfinch took over and officially completed the renovations by 1826.[18] Bulfinch modified Latrobe’s design by increasing the height of the Capitol dome to match the diameter of 86 ft. With the reconstruction of the public buildings in Washington, the value of land in the area increased dramatically, paving the way for the expansion of the city that developed in the years leading up to the American Civil War.[66]


document_title: President of the Government of Morocco

question_text: who is the head of government in morocco

text: President of the Government of Morocco

text:
President of the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco
Président du Gouvernement du Royaume du Maroc
رئيس حكومة المملكة المغربية

Coat of Arms of Morocco

Incumbent
Saadeddine Othmani
since 5 April 2017

Appointer
Mohammed VI

Inaugural holder
Mbarek Bekkay

Formation
7 December 1955; 62 years ago (1955-12-07)

Website
:::موقع رئيس الحكومة:::

text:
Morocco

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Morocco

Constitution[show]

Human rights

Monarchy[show]

King

Mohammed VI

Makhzen
Dahir

Government[show]

President of the Government (list)

Saadeddine Othmani

Cabinet

Parliament[show]

House of Councillors
House of Representatives

Judiciary

Administrative divisions[show]

Regions
Provinces
Municipalities and communes

Elections[show]

Recent elections

Parliamentary: 2011
2016

Political parties

Foreign relations[show]

Western Sahara conflict

Other countries
Atlas

v
t
e

text: The President of the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco is the head of government and serves in a position akin to a prime minister in other constitutional monarchies.[1] A president is chosen by the king of Morocco from the largest party elected to parliament. The Constitution of Morocco grants executive powers to the government and allows the head of government to propose and dismiss cabinet members, provincial governors, and ambassadors, to oversee government programs and the delivery of public services, and to dissolve the lower house of parliament with the king's approval.[2]

text: A newly appointed president is responsible for forming the government it will head by leading negotiations between the king and parliament to fill ministry positions.[3] Until the new government is approved by the king and formally takes office, parliament approves and oversees government programs and public service. There are no constitutional limits on a president's term, and several have served multiple non-consecutive terms.

text: Unlike typical presidential systems where the president is the highest ranking leader of the executive branch and is considered both head of government and head of state, the Moroccan head of state is the king who holds substantial discretionary power over the executive branch and has exclusive authority over the military, religion, and the judiciary.[2]

text: List of Presidents of the Government[edit]


document_title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!

question_text: where does i'm a celebrity take place in australia

question_tokens: where does i 'm a celebrity take place in australia

text: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!

text: Filming location[edit]

text: The UK, the German and the 2003 US versions of the series take place in Australia, at a permanently built up camp at the edge of a sub-tropical rain forest that extends from Numinbah Nature Reserve and Springbrook National Park[citation needed]. However the first series of the show was filmed on a smaller site at King Ranch, near Tully, Queensland. The Australian series is filmed in Kruger National Park, South Africa.[2][3]

text: Other versions of the show have been filmed in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Suriname, Indonesia and Malaysia.

text: Criticism[edit]

text: This article reads more like a story than an encyclopedia entry. To meet Wikipedia's quality standards and conform to the neutral point of view policy, please help to introduce a more formal style and remove any personally invested tone. (June 2009)

text: This series has been criticised by the UK former Secretary of State for Culture, Tessa Jowell. In an interview with the Financial Times during the second UK series, she said, "If they weren't mostly – save their blushes – has-been celebrities, there might be more interest [...] I think that if we saw many more programming hours taken over by reality TV, "I hope you'd begin to see a viewers' revolt."[4]

text: In 2002, CBS, broadcaster of the popular American reality show Survivor, unsuccessfully sued ABC and Granada TV over a planned American version of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, alleging similarities.[5]

text: The show's use of live insects and other living creatures in the bushtucker trials has led to some public criticism of the show and its producers and those involved in the programming. This issue was highlighted during the 2009 UK series, where celebrity chef Gino D'Acampo killed, cooked and ate a rat. The RSPCA Australia investigated the incident and sought to prosecute D'Acampo and actor Stuart Manning for animal cruelty after this episode of the show was aired. ITV was fined £1,600 and the two celebrities involved were not prosecuted for animal cruelty despite being charged with the offence by the New South Wales Police. This incident did, however, highlight among certain groups such as Buglife, a British charity for the conservation of insects, and the RSPCA, the controversy surrounding the killing of living creatures for human entertainment.

text: There has been criticism that the producers pretend that the celebrities have to live in "dangerous" jungle even though they are in a controlled environment, with some of the scenery being artificial, e.g. a pond and a small waterfall.[6]

text: In November 2014, TV presenter Chris Packham wrote an open letter to Ant & Dec asking them and ITV to end the "abuse of animals" in I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. He described the trials as "out of date" and "silly".[7]

text: I'm a Celebrity series[edit]

text: Colour:      In production or returning        No longer airing

text:
Country
Local title
Filming location
Network
Series and winners
Presenters

 Australia
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here![8]
 Kruger National Park, South Africa
Network Ten

Season 1, 2015:  Freddie Flintoff
Season 2, 2016: Brendan Fevola
Season 3, 2017: Casey Donovan
Season 4, 2018: Upcoming season

Julia Morris
Chris Brown[9]

 Denmark
Jeg Er En Celebrity… Få Mig Væk Herfra![10]
TV3
Season 1, 2015: Gustav Salinas
Jakob Kjeldbjerg[11]
Lasse Rimmer

 France
Je suis une célébrité, sortez-moi de là !
 Teresópolis, Brazil
TF1
Season 1, 2006: Richard Virenque
Jean-Pierre Foucault
Christophe Dechavanne

 Germany
Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!
 Murwillumbah, Australia
RTL Television

Season 1, Early 2004:  Costa Cordalis
Season 2, Late 2004: Désirée Nick
Season 3, 2008:  Ross Antony
Season 4, 2009: Ingrid van Bergen
Season 5, 2011: Peer Kusmagk
Season 6, 2012:  Brigitte Nielsen
Season 7, 2013: Joey Heindle
Season 8, 2014: Melanie Müller
Season 9, 2015: Maren Gilzer
Season 10, 2016:  Menderes Bağcı
Season 11, 2017:  Marc Terenzi

Sonja Zietlow
Daniel Hartwich (2013–)
Dirk Bach (2004–2012)

 Hungary
Celeb vagyok ... ments ki innen!
 Aristóbulo del Valle, Argentina (2008)
 Kruger National Park, South Africa (2014, 2017)
RTL Klub

Season 1, October 2008: Mariann Falusi
Season 2, Oct–Nov 2008: Andrea Keleti
Season 3, October 2014: Zsolt Erdei
Season 4, Oct–Nov 2014: Andrea Molnár
Season 5, Nov-Dec 2017: Péter Kabát

Balázs Sebestyén (2008, 2014)
János Vadon (2008, 2014)
Ramóna Kiss (2017–)
Peti Puskás (2017–)

 India
Iss Jungle Se Mujhe Bachao
 Taman Negara, Malaysia
Sony
Season 1, 2009: Mona Wasu
Mini Mathur
Yudhishthir Urs

 Netherlands
Ik Ben Een Ster, Haal Me Hier Uit![12]
 Suriname
RTL 5
Season 1, 2014: Mathijs Vrieze
Jan Kooijman
Nicolette Kluijver[13]

 Romania
Sunt celebru, scoate-mă de aici![14]
 Kruger National Park, South Africa
Pro TV
Season 1, 2015: Cătălin Moroşanu
Cabral Ibacka
Mihai Bobonete

 Sweden
Kändisdjungeln
 Taman Negara, Malaysia
TV4
Season 1, 2009: Karl Petter Bergvall
David Hellenius
Tilde de Paula

 United Kingdom
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
 Tully, Queensland, Australia (2002)
 Murwillumbah, New South Wales, Australia (2003–present)
ITV

Series 1, 2002: Tony Blackburn
Series 2, 2003: Phil Tufnell
Series 3, Early 2004: Kerry Katona
Series 4, Late 2004: Joe Pasquale
Series 5, 2005: Carol Thatcher
Series 6, 2006: Matt Willis
Series 7, 2007: Christopher Biggins
Series 8, 2008: Joe Swash
Series 9, 2009:  Gino D'Acampo
Series 10, 2010: Stacey Solomon
Series 11, 2011: Dougie Poynter
Series 12, 2012: Charlie Brooks
Series 13, 2013:  Kian Egan
Series 14, 2014: Carl "Foggy" Fogarty
Series 15, 2015: Vicky Pattison
Series 16, 2016: Scarlett Moffatt
Series 17, 2017: Georgia "Toff" Toffolo

Main show
Ant & Dec

ITV2 spin-off
Joe Swash (2009–)
Scarlett Moffatt (2017–)
Joel Dommett (2017–)

 United States
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!

 Murwillumbah, Australia (2003)
 Costa Rica (2009)

ABC (2003)
NBC (2009)

Season 1, 2003: Cris Judd
Season 2, 2009:  Lou Diamond Phillips

John Lehr (2003)
Damien Fahey (2009)
Myleene Klass (2009)


document_title: Master Blaster

question_text: who is known as the master blaster in cricket

text: Master Blaster

text: Film[edit]

text: Master Blaster, a pair of characters from Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome

text: Television[edit]

text:
"Master Blaster", a Beast Wars episode
Master Blaster, a character from Kidd Video
Master Blasters, an American game show that debuted on July 27, 2005

text: Music[edit]

text:
"Master Blaster (Jammin')", a 1980 song by Stevie Wonder
"Masterblaster 2000", a hit cover of "Master Blaster (Jammin')" by DJ Luck & MC Neat
"Master Blaster", a 1996 song by Nikka Costa from Butterfly Rocket
Master Blaster (band), a German dance band
Master Blaster (musician), former Ugandan dance-hall musician

text: Fiction[edit]

text: Master Blaster, a member of the Legion of Net.Heroes

text: Sports[edit]

text:
Master Blaster, nickname of Viv Richards, retired West Indian Cricketer
Master Blaster, nickname of Sanath Jayasuriya, retired Sri Lankan Cricketer
Master Blasters, a type of Cricket
Master Blaster, nickname of Sachin Tendulkar, retired Indian Cricketer

text: Other uses[edit]

text:
Masterblaster, a video game series
The Master Blasters, a professional wrestling tag team in World Championship Wrestling from 1990-1991 that consisted of Steel (Kevin Nash), Iron, and Blade (Al Green)
The Master Blaster, a ring name used by professional wrestler Kevin Nash in World Championship Wrestling in 1991
Master Blaster, an uphill water coaster at Schlitterbahn, New Braunfels, Texas
Master Blaster, a roller coaster at Sandcastle Waterworld, England
Master Blaster, the job title of a senior explosives engineer working with materials such as Tovex
Master Blasters, a type of water coaster
Master Blaster, a theme deck from the Mirrodin block in Magic: The Gathering