document_title: Apollo 13 (film)

question_text: who played jim lovell's daughter in apollo 13

question_tokens: who played jim lovell 's daughter in apollo 13

text: Apollo 13 (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In July 1969, astronaut Jim Lovell hosts a house party where guests watch Neil Armstrong's televised first human steps on the Moon. Afterwards Lovell, who had orbited the Moon on Apollo 8, tells his wife Marilyn that he intends to return to the Moon to walk on its surface.

text: Three months later, as Lovell conducts a VIP tour of NASA's Vertical Assembly Building, his boss Deke Slayton informs him that because of problems with Alan Shepard's crew, his crew will fly Apollo 13 instead of 14. Lovell, Ken Mattingly, and Fred Haise train for their new mission. A few days before launch, Mattingly is exposed to the measles, and the flight surgeon demands his replacement with Mattingly's backup, Jack Swigert. Lovell resists breaking up his team, but relents when Slayton threatens to bump his crew to a later mission. As the launch date approaches, Marilyn has a nightmare about her husband getting killed in space, but goes to the Kennedy Space Center the night before launch to see him off.

text: On April 11, 1970, Flight Director Gene Kranz gives the go-ahead from Houston's Mission Control Center for the Apollo 13 launch. As the Saturn V rocket climbs through the atmosphere, a second stage engine cuts off prematurely, but the craft reaches its Earth parking orbit. After the third stage fires to send Apollo 13 to the Moon, Swigert performs the maneuver to connect the Command/Service Module Odyssey to the Lunar Module Aquarius and pull it away from the spent rocket.

text: Three days into the mission, the crew makes a television transmission, which the networks decline to broadcast live. After Swigert turns on the liquid oxygen tank stirring fans as requested, one of the tanks explodes, emptying its contents into space and sending the craft tumbling. The other tank is soon found to be leaking. They attempt to stop the leak by shutting off fuel cells #1 and #3, but to no avail. With the fuel cells closed, the Moon landing must be aborted, and Lovell and Haise must hurriedly power up Aquarius to use as a "lifeboat" for the return home, as Swigert shuts down Odyssey before its battery power runs out. In Houston, Kranz rallies his team to come up with a plan to bring the astronauts home safely, declaring "failure is not an option". Controller John Aaron recruits Mattingly to help him invent a procedure to restart Odyssey for the landing on Earth.

text: As Swigert and Haise watch the Moon pass beneath them, Lovell laments his lost chance of walking on its surface, then turns their attention to the business of getting home. With Aquarius running on minimal electrical power, the crew suffers freezing conditions, and Haise contracts a urinary infection and a fever. Swigert suspects Mission Control is withholding their inability to get them home; Haise angrily blames Swigert's inexperience for the accident; and Lovell quickly squelches the argument. When carbon dioxide approaches dangerous levels, ground control must quickly invent a way to make the Command Module's square filters work in the Lunar Module's round receptacles. With the guidance systems on Aquarius shut down, the crew must make a difficult but vital course correction by manually igniting the Lunar Module's engine.

text: Mattingly and Aaron struggle to find a way to turn on the Command Module systems without drawing too much power, and finally transmit the procedure to Swigert, who restarts Odyssey by transferring extra power from Aquarius. When the crew jettisons the Service Module, they are surprised to see the extent of the damage. As they release Aquarius and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere, no one is sure that Odyssey's heat shield is intact. The tense period of radio silence due to ionization blackout is longer than normal, but the astronauts report all is well and splash down in the Pacific Ocean.

text: As helicopters bring the three men aboard the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima for a hero's welcome, Lovell's voice-over describes the subsequent investigation into the explosion, and the careers of Haise, Swigert, Mattingly, and Kranz. He wonders if and when mankind will return to the Moon.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as Apollo 13 Commander Jim Lovell: Jim Lovell stated that before his book Lost Moon was even written, the movie rights were being shopped to potential buyers[5] and that his first reaction was that Kevin Costner would be a good choice to play him.[5][6] However, by the time Howard acquired the director's position, Costner's name never came up in serious discussion, and Hanks had already been interested in doing a film based on Apollo 13. When Hanks' representative informed him that a script was being passed around, he had the script sent to him.[5] John Travolta was initially offered the role of Lovell, but declined.[7]
Kevin Bacon as Apollo 13 backup Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert
Bill Paxton as Apollo 13 Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise
Gary Sinise as Apollo 13 prime Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly: Sinise was invited by Howard to read for any of the characters, and chose Mattingly.[5]
Ed Harris as White Team Flight Director Gene Kranz: Harris described the film as "cramming for a final exam." Harris described Gene Kranz as "corny and like a dinosaur", but was respected by the crew.[5] Apollo 13 would be Harris' second space travel-themed movie; he had starred as pioneering astronaut John Glenn in 1983's The Right Stuff.
Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Gerlach Lovell, Jim's wife
Chris Ellis as Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton
Joe Spano as "NASA Director", a composite character loosely based on Chris Kraft
Marc McClure as Black Team Flight Director Glynn Lunney
Clint Howard as White Team Electrical, Environmental and Consumables Manager (EECOM) Sy Liebergot
Ray McKinnon as White Team Flight Dynamics Officer Jerry Bostick
Todd Louiso as White Team Flight Activities Officer
Loren Dean as EECOM John Aaron
Xander Berkeley as "Henry Hurt", a fictional NASA Office of Public Affairs staff member[8]
David Andrews as Apollo 12 Commander Pete Conrad
Christian Clemenson as Flight Surgeon Dr. Charles Berry
Ben Marley as Apollo 13 backup Commander John Young
Brett Cullen as Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) 1
Ned Vaughn as CAPCOM 2
Tracy Reiner as Haise's wife Mary
Mark Wheeler as Neil Armstrong Apollo 11 Commander
Larry Williams as Buzz Aldrin Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot
Mary Kate Schellhardt as Lovell's older daughter Barbara
Max Elliott Slade as Lovell's older son James (Jay), who attended military school at the time of the flight
Emily Ann Lloyd as Lovell's younger daughter Susan
Miko Hughes as Lovell's younger son Jeffrey

text: The real Jim Lovell appears as captain of the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima; Howard had intended to make him an admiral, but Lovell himself, having retired as a captain, chose to appear in his actual rank. Horror film director Roger Corman, a mentor of Howard, appears as a congressman being given a VIP tour by Lovell of the Vehicle Assembly Building, as it had become something of a tradition for Corman to make a cameo appearance in his protégés' films.[9][10] The real Marilyn Lovell appeared among the spectators during the launch sequence.[6] CBS News anchor Walter Cronkite appears in archive news footage and can be heard in newly recorded announcements, some of which he edited himself to sound more authentic.[6]

text: In addition to his brother, Clint Howard, several other members of Ron Howard's family appear in the movie:

text:
Rance Howard (his father) appears as the Lovell family minister.
Jean Speegle Howard (his mother) appears as Lovell's mother Blanch.
Cheryl Howard (his wife) and Bryce Dallas Howard (his daughter) appear as uncredited background performers in the scene where the astronauts wave goodbye to their families.[10]

text: Brad Pitt was offered a role in the film, but turned it down to star in Se7en.[11] Reportedly, the real Pete Conrad expressed interest in appearing in the film.[6]

text: Jeffrey Kluger appears as a television reporter.[10]

text: Production[edit]

text: Preproduction and props[edit]

text: The screenplay by William Broyles, Jr. and Al Reinert was rewritten by John Sayles after Hanks had been cast and construction of the spacecraft sets had begun.[12]

text: While planning the film, director Ron Howard decided that every shot of the film would be original and that no mission footage would be used.[13] The spacecraft interiors were constructed by the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center's Space Works, which also restored the Apollo 13 Command Module. Two individual Lunar Modules and two Command Modules were constructed for filming. While each was a replica, composed of some of the original Apollo materials, they were built so that different sections were removable, which enabled filming to take place inside the capsules. Space Works also built modified Command and Lunar Modules for filming inside a Boeing KC-135 reduced-gravity aircraft, and the pressure suits worn by the actors, which are exact reproductions of those worn by the Apollo astronauts, right down to the detail of being airtight. When the actors put the suits on with their helmets locked in place, air was pumped into the suits to cool them down and allow them to breathe, exactly as in launch preparations for the real Apollo missions.[14]

text: The real Mission Control Center consisted of two control rooms located on the second and third floors of Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. NASA offered the use of the control room for filming, but Howard declined, opting instead to make his own replica from scratch.[6][13] Production designer Michael Corenblith and set decorator Merideth Boswell were in charge of the construction of the Mission Control set at Universal Studios. The set was equipped with giant rear-screen projection capabilities and a complex set of computers with individual video feeds to all the flight controller stations. The actors playing the flight controllers were able to communicate with each other on a private audio loop.[14] The Mission Control room built for the film was on the ground floor.[13] One NASA employee, who was a consultant for the film, said that the set was so realistic that he would leave at the end of the day and look for the elevator before remembering he was not in Mission Control.[6] By the time the film was made, the USS Iwo Jima had been scrapped, so her sister ship, the USS New Orleans, was used as the recovery ship instead.[13]

text:
For actors, being able to actually shoot in zero gravity as opposed to being in incredibly painful and uncomfortable harnesses for special effects shots was all the difference between what would have been a horrible moviemaking experience as opposed to the completely glorious one that it actually was.

—Tom Hanks[14]

tag: div

text: Howard anticipated difficulty in portraying weightlessness in a realistic manner. He discussed this with Steven Spielberg, who suggested using a KC-135 airplane, which can be flown in such a way as to create about 23 seconds of weightlessness, a method NASA has always used to train its astronauts for space flight. Howard obtained NASA's permission and assistance in filming in the realistic conditions aboard multiple KC-135 flights.[15]

text: Cast training and filming[edit]

text: In Los Angeles, Ed Harris and all the actors portraying flight controllers enrolled in a Flight Controller School led by Gerry Griffin, an Apollo 13 flight director, and flight controller Jerry Bostick. The actors studied audiotapes from the mission, reviewed hundreds of pages of NASA transcripts, and attended a crash course in physics.[13][14] Astronaut Dave Scott was impressed with their efforts, stating that each actor was determined to make every scene technically correct, word for word.[5]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Apollo 13: Music From The Motion Picture

Soundtrack album by James Horner

Released
June 27, 1995

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
77:41

Label
MCA

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[16]

Filmtracks.com
[17]

SoundtrackNet
[18]

Tracksounds
[19]

text: The score to Apollo 13 was composed and conducted by James Horner. The soundtrack was released in 1995 by MCA Records and has seven tracks of score, eight period songs used in the film, and seven tracks of dialogue by the actors at a running time of nearly seventy-eight minutes. The music also features solos by vocalist Annie Lennox and Tim Morrison on the trumpet. The score was a critical success and garnered Horner an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score.[20]

text: All music composed by James Horner, except where noted.

text:
Apollo 13: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Main Title"
1:32

2.
"One Small Step"
0:42

3.
"Night Train" (performed by James Brown)
3:27

4.
"Groovin'" (performed by The Young Rascals)
2:26

5.
"Somebody to Love" (performed by Jefferson Airplane)
2:55

6.
"I Can See for Miles" (performed by The Who)
4:09

7.
"Purple Haze" (performed by The Jimi Hendrix Experience)
2:48

8.
"Launch Control"
3:28

9.
"All Systems Go/The Launch"
6:39

10.
"Welcome to Apollo 13"
0:38

11.
"Spirit in the Sky" (performed by Norman Greenbaum)
3:50

12.
"House Cleaning/Houston, We Have a Problem"
1:34

13.
"Master Alarm"
2:54

14.
"What's Going On?"
0:34

15.
"Into the L.E.M."
3:43

16.
"Out of Time/Shut Her Down"
2:20

17.
"The Darkside of the Moon" (performed by Annie Lennox)
5:09

18.
"Failure is Not an Option"
1:18

19.
"Honky Tonkin'" (performed by Hank Williams)
2:42

20.
"Blue Moon" (performed by The Mavericks)
4:09

21.
"Waiting for Disaster/A Privilege"
0:43

22.
"Re-Entry & Splashdown"
9:05

23.
"End Titles" (performed by Annie Lennox)
5:34

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on June 30, 1995 in North America and on September 22, 1995 in the UK.

text: In September 2002 the film was re-released in IMAX. It was the first film to be digitally remastered using IMAX DMR technology.[21]

text: Box-office performance[edit]

text: The film was a box-office success, bringing in $355,237,933 worldwide.[2] The film's widest release was 2,347 theaters.[2] The film's opening weekend and the following two weeks placed it at #1 with a US gross of $25,353,380, which made up 14.7% of the total US gross.[2]

text:
Apollo 13 box office revenue

Source
Gross (US$)
% Total
All-time rank (unadjusted)

North America
$173,837,933[2]
48.9%
229[2]

Foreign
$181,400,000[2]
51.1%
N/A

Worldwide
$355,237,933[2]
100.0%
282[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that the film has an overall approval rating of 95%, based on 85 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 8.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "In recreating the troubled space mission, Apollo 13 pulls no punches: it's a masterfully told drama from director Ron Howard, bolstered by an ensemble of solid performances."[22] Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews from mainstream critics, gave the film an average score of 77 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[23]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film in his review saying: "A powerful story, one of the year's best films, told with great clarity and remarkable technical detail, and acted without pumped-up histrionics."[24] Richard Corliss from Time highly praised the film, saying: "From lift-off to splashdown, Apollo 13 gives one hell of a ride."[25] Edward Guthmann of San Francisco Chronicle gave a mixed review and wrote: "I just wish that Apollo 13 worked better as a movie, and that Howard's threshold for corn, mush and twinkly sentiment weren't so darn wide."[26] Peter Travers from Rolling Stone praised the film and wrote: "Howard lays off the manipulation to tell the true story of the near-fatal 1970 Apollo 13 mission in painstaking and lively detail. It's easily Howard's best film."[27] Movie Room Reviews said "This film is arguably one of the most dramatic and horrendous spaceflight stories ever told."[28]

text: Janet Maslin made the film an NYT Critics' Pick, calling it an "absolutely thrilling" film that "unfolds with perfect immediacy, drawing viewers into the nail-biting suspense of a spellbinding true story." According to Maslin, "like Quiz Show, Apollo 13 beautifully evokes recent history in ways that resonate strongly today. Cleverly nostalgic in its visual style (Rita Ryack's costumes are especially right), it harks back to movie making without phony heroics and to the strong spirit of community that enveloped the astronauts and their families. Amazingly, this film manages to seem refreshingly honest while still conforming to the three-act dramatic format of a standard Hollywood hit. It is far and away the best thing Mr. Howard has done (and Far and Away was one of the other kind)."[29] The academic critic Raymond Malewitz focuses on the DIY aspects of the "mailbox" filtration system to illustrate the emergence of an unlikely hero in late 20th-century American culture—"the creative, improvisational, but restrained thinker—who replaces the older prodigal cowboy heroes of American mythology and provides the country a better, more frugal example of an appropriate 'husband'."[30]

text: Ron Howard stated that, after the first test preview of the film, one of the comment cards indicated "total disdain"; the audience member had written that it was a "typical Hollywood" ending and that the crew would never have survived.[31] Marilyn Lovell praised Quinlan's portrayal of her, stating she felt she could feel what Quinlan's character was going through, and remembered how she felt in her mind.[5]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A 10th-anniversary DVD of the film was released in 2005; it included both the theatrical version and the IMAX version, along with several extras.[32] The IMAX version has a 1.66:1 aspect ratio.[33]

text: In 2006, Apollo 13 was released on HD DVD and on April 13, 2010 it was released on Blu-ray disc as the 15th-anniversary edition on the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 13 accident.[32] The Film was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on October 17, 2017.[34]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

1996
Academy Awards (1996)
Best Film Editing
Mike Hill and Daniel Hanley
Won
[4]

Best Sound
Rick Dior, Steve Pederson, Scott Millan, and David MacMillan
Won

Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Ed Harris (lost to Kevin Spacey in The Usual Suspects)
Nominated

Best Actress in a Supporting Role
Kathleen Quinlan (lost to Mira Sorvino in Mighty Aphrodite)
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Art Direction: Michael Corenblith; Set Decoration: Merideth Boswell (lost to Restoration)
Nominated

Best Original Dramatic Score
James Horner (lost to Il Postino)
Nominated

Best Picture
Brian Grazer (lost to Braveheart)
Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Robert Legato, Michael Kanfer, Leslie Ekker, and Matt Sweeney (lost to Babe)
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay
William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert (lost to Sense & Sensibility)
Nominated

American Cinema Editors (Eddies)
Best Edited Feature Film
Mike Hill, Daniel P. Hanley
Nominated

American Society of Cinematographers
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases
Dean Cundey
Nominated

BAFTA Film Awards
Best Production Design
Michael Corenblith
Won

Outstanding Achievement in Special Visual Effects
Robert Legato, Michael Kanfer, Matt Sweeney, Leslie Ekker
Won

Best Cinematography
Dean Cundey
Nominated

Best Editing
Mike Hill, Daniel Hanley
Nominated

Best Sound
David MacMillan, Rick Dior, Scott Millan, Steve Pederson
Nominated

Casting Society of America (Artios)
Best Casting for Feature Film, Drama
Jane Jenkins, Janet Hirshenson
Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Picture
Apollo 13
Won

Directors Guild of America
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
Ron Howard, Carl Clifford, Aldric La'Auli Porter, Jane Paul
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Ed Harris as Gene Kranz
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Lovell
Nominated

Best Director – Motion Picture
Ron Howard
Nominated

Best Motion Picture – Drama
Apollo 13
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
Studio Crystal Heart Award
Jeffrey Kluger
Won

Hugo Awards
Best Dramatic Presentation
Apollo 13
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Best Male Performance
Tom Hanks as Jim Lovell
Nominated

Best Movie
Apollo 13
Nominated

PGA Awards
Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award
Brian Grazer, Todd Hallowell
Won

Saturn Awards
Best Action / Adventure / Thriller Film
Apollo 13
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
Ed Harris as Gene Kranz
Won

Outstanding Performance by a Cast
Kevin Bacon, Tom Hanks, Ed Harris, Bill Paxton, Kathleen Quinlan, and Gary Sinise
Won

Space Foundation's Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award
Best Family Feature – Drama
Apollo 13
Won
[35]

Writers Guild of America Awards
Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium
William Broyles Jr., Al Reinert
Nominated

Young Artist Awards
Best Family Feature – Drama
Apollo 13
Nominated

2005
American Film Institute
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes
"Houston, we have a problem." (#50)
Won
[36]

2006
American Film Institute
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers
Apollo 13 (#12)
Won
[36]

text: Technical and historical accuracy[edit]

text: The film depicts the crew hearing a bang quickly after Swigert followed directions from mission control to stir the oxygen and hydrogen tanks. In reality, the crew heard the bang 93 seconds later.[37]

text: The film portrays the Saturn V launch vehicle being rolled out to the launch pad two days before launch. In reality, the launch vehicle was rolled out on the mobile launch platform using the crawler-transporter weeks before the launch date.

text: The movie depicts Swigert and Haise arguing about who was at fault. The show The Real Story: Apollo 13 broadcast on the Smithsonian Channel includes Haise stating that no such argument took place and that there was no way anyone could have foreseen that stirring the tank would cause problems.[38]

text: The dialogue between ground control and the astronauts was taken nearly verbatim from transcripts and recordings, with the exception of one of the taglines of the film, "Houston, we have a problem." (This quote was voted #50 on the list "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes".) According to the mission transcript, the actual words uttered by Jack Swigert were "Hey, we've got a problem here" (talking over Haise, who had started "Okay, Houston"). Ground control responded by saying "This is Houston, say again please." Jim Lovell then repeated, "Houston, we've had a problem."[39]

text: One other incorrect dialogue is after the re-entry blackout. In the movie, Tom Hanks (as Lovell) says "Hello Houston... this is Odyssey... it's good to see you again." In the actual re-entry, the Command Module's transmission was finally acquired by a Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King recovery aircraft which then relayed communications to Mission Control. CAPCOM and fellow astronaut Joe Kerwin (not Mattingly, who serves as CAPCOM in this scene in the movie) then made a call to the spacecraft "Odyssey, Houston standing by. Over." Jack Swigert, not Lovell, replied "Okay, Joe," and unlike in the movie, this was well before the parachutes deployed; the celebrations depicted at Mission Control were triggered by visual confirmation of their deployment.[40]

text: The tagline "Failure is not an option", stated in the film by Gene Kranz, also became very popular, but was not taken from the historical transcripts. The following story relates the origin of the phrase, from an e-mail by Apollo 13 Flight Dynamics Officer Jerry Bostick:

text: As far as the expression "Failure is not an option," you are correct that Kranz never used that term. In preparation for the movie, the script writers, Al Reinart and Bill Broyles, came down to Clear Lake to interview me on "What are the people in Mission Control really like?" One of their questions was "Weren't there times when everybody, or at least a few people, just panicked?" My answer was "No, when bad things happened, we just calmly laid out all the options, and failure was not one of them. We never panicked, and we never gave up on finding a solution." I immediately sensed that Bill Broyles wanted to leave and assumed that he was bored with the interview. Only months later did I learn that when they got in their car to leave, he started screaming, "That's it! That's the tag line for the whole movie, Failure is not an option. Now we just have to figure out who to have say it." Of course, they gave it to the Kranz character, and the rest is history.[41]

text: In the film, Flight Director Gene Kranz and his White Team are portrayed as managing all of the essential parts of the flight, from liftoff to landing. Consequently, the actual role of the other flight directors and teams, especially Glynn Lunney and his Black Team, were neglected. In fact, it was Flight Director Lunney and his Black Team who got Apollo 13 through its most critical period in the hours immediately after the explosion, including the mid-course correction that sent Apollo 13 on a "free return" trajectory around the Moon and back to the Earth. Astronaut Ken Mattingly, who was replaced as Apollo 13 Command Module Pilot at the last minute by Jack Swigert, later said:

text: If there was a hero, Glynn Lunney was, by himself, a hero, because when he walked in the room, I guarantee you, nobody knew what the hell was going on. Glynn walked in, took over this mess, and he just brought calm to the situation. I've never seen such an extraordinary example of leadership in my entire career. Absolutely magnificent. No general or admiral in wartime could ever be more magnificent than Glynn was that night. He and he alone brought all of the scared people together. And you've got to remember that the flight controllers in those days were—they were kids in their thirties. They were good, but very few of them had ever run into these kinds of choices in life, and they weren't used to that. All of a sudden, their confidence had been shaken. They were faced with things that they didn't understand, and Glynn walked in there, and he just kind of took charge.[42]

text: A DVD commentary track, recorded by Jim and Marilyn Lovell and included with both DVD versions,[32] mentions several inaccuracies included in the film, all done for reasons of artistic license:

text:
We were working and watching the controls during that time. Because we came in shallow, it took us longer coming through the atmosphere where we had ionization. And the other thing was that we were just slow in answering.

—Jim Lovell, on the real reason for the delay in replying after Apollo 13's four-minute re-entry into Earth's atmosphere[43]

text:
In the film, Mattingly plays a key role in solving a power consumption problem that Apollo 13 was faced with as it approached re-entry. Lovell points out in his commentary that Mattingly was a composite of several astronauts and engineers—including Charles Duke (whose rubella led to Mattingly's grounding)—all of whom played a role in solving that problem.[6]
When Jack Swigert is getting ready to dock with the LM, a concerned NASA technician says: "If Swigert can't dock this thing, we don't have a mission." Lovell and Haise also seem worried. In his DVD commentary, the real Jim Lovell says that if Swigert had been unable to dock with the LM, he or Haise could have done it. He also says that Swigert was a well-trained Command Module Pilot and that no one was really worried about whether he was up to the job,[43] but he admitted that it made a nice subplot for the film. What the astronauts were really worried about, Lovell says, was the expected rendezvous between the Lunar Module and the Command Module after Lovell and Haise left the surface of the Moon.[6]
A scene set the night before the launch, showing the astronauts' family members saying their goodbyes while separated by a road, to reduce the possibility of any last-minute transmission of disease, depicted a tradition not begun until the Space Shuttle program.[6]
The film depicts Marilyn Lovell dropping her wedding ring down a shower drain. According to Jim Lovell, this did occur,[43] but the drain trap caught the ring and his wife was able to retrieve it.[6] Lovell has also confirmed that the scene in which his wife had a nightmare about him being "sucked through an open door of a spacecraft into outer space" also occurred, though he believes the nightmare was prompted by her seeing a scene in Marooned, a 1969 film they saw three months before Apollo 13 launched.[43]


document_title: Tibby Rollins

question_text: who dies in sisterhood of the traveling pants

root

text: Tibby Rollins

text: Family[edit]

text: Tibby's parents are described as former hippies. She was born when they were 19, and she apparently spent much of her early life swept up in their various adventures; her father was, at turns, a writer for a socialist newspaper, a public defender, and an organic farmer, while her mother was a sculptor. Eventually, her mother became a real estate agent and her father became a corporate lawyer. They settled down in a suburban house with Tibby and her two younger siblings, Nicky and Katherine, who are respectively thirteen and fourteen years younger than her. Tibby often feels like an outcast in her own family, viewing herself as a leftover of her parents' former life. As a result, she resents her younger siblings and tries to distance herself from them during the first two novels.

tag: p

text: Friends[edit]

text: Tibby's best friends are Lena Kaligaris, Carmen Lowell, and Bridget Vreeland. She has known them all since birth. She also befriends Bailey Graffman and has a guinea pig Mimi who both die at the end of the first novel.

text: The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants[edit]

text: Stuck at home in Bethesda, Maryland while her three friends went to Greece, Mexico and South Carolina, she decides to make a "suckumentary" about people she considers to be "lame," among them her coworkers at Wallman's and Brian McBrian, a fellow high schooler who spends most of his time playing Dragon Master at the local 7-Eleven. At Wallman's, Tibby meets twelve-year-old Bailey Graffman, who is dying of leukemia and is eager to help Tibby with her movie. Bailey, afraid of not having enough time to truly understand people and, in turn, be understood, looks beyond appearances and finds the true worth in each of Tibby's documentary subjects, allowing Tibby to do the same. Bailey dies at the end of the novel and Tibby decided to make the documentary about the summer she had with Bailey

text: The Second Summer of the Sisterhood[edit]

text: Tibby takes a course in filmmaking at Williamston College. She tries desperately to impress Alex and Maura, two of her classmates. In the process, she ends up shunning Brian (who has become one of her closest friends since the end of the first novel) when he visits her and makes a video which upsets her mother. In the end, she realises that Brian is her true friend, and Alex and Maura are phony. She makes a touching video about Bailey, and Brian and her mother forgive her.

text: Girls in Pants: The Third Summer of the Sisterhood[edit]

text: Brian asks Tibby to the senior dance at their high school, and she says yes. After the dance, at a picnic table, they exchange their first kiss, and Brian reveals his feelings for her. The next morning while thinking about Brian, Tibby forgets that her younger sister has been trying to get an apple from a tree outside her window. She opens the window, and her sister accidentally falls out. Tibby becomes depressed and blames herself, so she avoids Brian.

text: Eventually, though, she comes to terms with her problems. Tibby ends up helping deliver Carmen's half-brother, Ryan and becomes his godmother. After that, she finds Brian, and together, they strip off their clothes and jump into the city pool, marking their start as a couple.

text: Forever in Blue: The Fourth Summer of the Sisterhood[edit]

text: Brian, Tibby's now long-term boyfriend, visits her and announces that he's been admitted to NYU, where she studies. Afterwards, they get drunk and have sex for the very first time. They discover that the condom broke, leading Tibby to suspect that she may be pregnant. Although she later finds out that she is not, she breaks up with Brian. Lena's younger sister, Effie, then seeks her out and asks her permission to go out with Brian.

text: Tibby begins to doubt her decision to break up with Brian and becomes terribly upset. Lena then goes to Tibby's house to comfort her. They talk about their relationships and both come to a revelation, that they only fall in love once. Tibby meets Brian at the site of their first kiss, the picnic table, and apologizes for letting her fear ruin their relationship. They enter a new stage in their romance. This results in Effie taking the pants out of anger, and accidentally losing them in Greece.

text: Sisterhood Everlasting[edit]

text: Ten years following the last sisterhood book, Tibby has moved to Australia with Brian and now has almost no contact with the three other girls. Soon after moving to Australia, Tibby learns that she is not only pregnant but she is also diagnosed with a terminal disease. She keeps the pregnancy a secret from the sisterhood and her family, as revealing it will also reveal the disease. Nearly two years after giving birth to her daughter, Bailey, she calls her "sisters" together for one last trip to Greece. Disaster strikes when she suddenly dies in a swimming accident on the shores in Greece leaving her sisters, Lena, Bridget, and Carmen, devastated and assuming that she had taken her own life.

text: It is revealed through the novel that Tibby was suffering from Huntington's Disease and aware that she was going to die, even though her death by drowning was an accident. When she invited the girls to Greece she was going to reveal this and give them letters to help them move on. It is later revealed that she discovered she had the disease when she found she was pregnant with her daughter Bailey. Her final gift to Lena, Carmen, and Bridget is willing them to move on because life is too short.

text: Other references[edit]

text: In 3 Willows Tibby is alive, attending NYU and dating Brian. In 3 Willows, Polly babysits Tibby's little brother and sister. Polly sees a picture of Bailey which Tibby keeps in her bedroom.

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants series by Ann Brashares

Books

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants
The Second Summer of the Sisterhood
Girls in Pants: The Third Summer of the Sisterhood
Forever in Blue: The Fourth Summer of the Sisterhood
Sisterhood Everlasting

Characters

Lena Kaligaris
Bridget Vreeland
Tibby Rollins
Carmen Lowell

Films

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (2005)
The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008)

Spin–off

3 Willows: The Sisterhood Grows

tag: table

text: Fictional characters introduced in 2001Characters in American novels of the 21st centuryFictional directors

tag: ul

text: Articles needing additional references from June 2008All articles needing additional referencesPages using infobox character with unknown parameters


document_title: Grand Slam (rugby union)

question_text: how many 6 nations grand slams have wales won

text: Grand Slam (rugby union)

text: Five and Six Nations Championship[edit]

text: In the annual Six Nations Championship (among England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France and Italy), and its predecessor the Five Nations Championship (before Italy joined in 2000), a Grand Slam occurs when one team beats all of the others during one year's competition.[1] The Grand Slam winners are awarded the Six Nations trophy (as tournament winners), but there is no special grand slam trophy – the Grand Slam is an informal honour recognizing a Championship-winning team which has won all their games.

text: Although the term grand slam had long been in use in the game of contract bridge, the first time that the expression is known to have been applied to rugby union was in 1957, in a preview of a match between England and Scotland:

text: There is much more than usual at stake for England to-day in the match against Scotland at Twickenham... The last time when England achieved the Grand Slam under present conditions was as long ago as the 1927–28 season, but it is difficult to try to build up a case against her repeating the performance to-day.

text: The Grand Slam honour is applied retroactively to teams which won all of their matches in Five Nations tournaments before the term came into use. It is also applied to the 1908 and 1909 seasons, when matches with France took place during, but outside of, the then Home Nations Championships. However the Grand Slam honour is not applied to seasons in which only the four home nations were involved (1883–1907 and 1932–1939) – in that case a team that won all its matches is said to have achieved the Triple Crown. This honour is still competed for between the four home nations within the Six Nations Championship, and any Grand Slam-winning home nation will necessarily also win the Triple Crown.

text: A Grand Slam was therefore available in the years 1908–1931 and 1947–1999 (Five Nations) and 2000–2016 (Six Nations), a total of 94 seasons to date. Grand Slams were in fact achieved on 39 of these occasions – 13 by England, 11 by Wales, 9 by France, 3 by Scotland and 3 by Ireland. (Italy, involved in the tournament since 2000, have yet to win a Grand Slam.)

text: Consecutive Grand Slams have been won by Wales in 1908–1909, by England in 1913–1914, 1923–1924 and 1991–1992, and by France in 1997–1998. No team has yet achieved three consecutive Grand Slams.

text: Prior to 2000, each team played four matches, two at home and two away from home. Following the inclusion of Italy in 2000, each team plays five matches, two at home and three away in one year, and the opposite in the following season. When Wales won the Grand Slam in 2005, it was the first time that the feat had been achieved by a team that had played more matches away than at home. This was repeated in 2009 with Ireland winning matches away to Italy, Scotland and Wales, and in 2016 by England, who won in Scotland, Italy and France.

text: Since the addition of Italy in 2000, the Grand Slam (now requiring five victories) has been achieved ten times. No team has yet been denied a Grand Slam solely by failing to beat Italy, in other words completing what would have been a Grand Slam in the former Five Nations but not in the current championship.

text: The 2017 Six Nations Championship will use bonus points on a trial basis. A team that wins the Grand Slam will get three bonus points.[2] This will eliminate the possibility of a Grand Slam winner losing the championship on bonus points.

text: Table of Grand Slam winners[edit]

text:
Nation
Grand Slams
Grand Slam winning seasons

 England
13
1913, 1914, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1957, 1980, 1991, 1992, 1995, 2003, 2016

 Wales
11
1908*, 1909*, 1911, 1950, 1952, 1971, 1976, 1978, 2005, 2008, 2012

 France
9
1968, 1977, 1981, 1987, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2010

 Ireland
3
1948, 2009, 2018

 Scotland
3
1925, 1984, 1990

 Italy
0

text: * In 1908 and 1909 matches with France were played, although they were not part of the Championship.

text: Chronological list of Grand Slam winners[edit]

text:
1882–1907
France did not take part in the championship

1908
 Wales (*see note above)

1909
 Wales (*see note above)

1911
 Wales

1913
 England

1914
 England

1915–19
No tournament due to World War I

1921
 England

1923
 England

1924
 England

1925
 Scotland

1928
 England

1932–39
France was suspended from the championship

1940–46
No tournament due to World War II

1948
 Ireland

1950
 Wales

1952
 Wales

1957
 England

1968
 France

1971
 Wales

1976
 Wales

1977
 France

1978
 Wales

1980
 England

1981
 France

1984
 Scotland

1987
 France

1990
 Scotland

1991
 England

1992
 England

1995
 England

1997
 France

1998
 France

2000
Tournament expanded to include Italy.

2002
 France[3]

2003
 England[4]

2004
 France[5]

2005
 Wales[6]

2008
 Wales[7]

2009
 Ireland[8]

2010
 France[9]

2012
 Wales[10]

2016
 England[11]

2018
 Ireland

text: Grand Slam tours[edit]

text: A Grand Slam tour is one in which a touring national team from New Zealand, South Africa or Australia plays Test matches against all four home nations (England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland). If the tourists win all four of these games, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam.

text: Grand Slams by touring teams have been achieved nine times: four times each by South Africa and New Zealand, and once by Australia. The only touring country to have achieved a "Five Nations" Grand Slam (defeating France in addition to the four home countries on the same tour) is South Africa, in its tours of 1912–13 and 1951–52.

text: Australia is the only country to suffer an unofficial "grand slam of defeats" against the four home nations, on their 1957–58 tour.

text: After 1984, Southern Hemisphere sides started to tour the British Isles more frequently, but to play fewer Tests on each tour, and thus there were no Grand Slam tours between 1984 and 1998. However, since 1998 Grand Slam tours have become quite common again, as the number of Tests on each tour has again increased, although fewer matches are now played against club or provincial teams than was formerly the case on Grand Slam tours. For example, New Zealand played only Test matches in 2005 and 2010 and played only one non-Test in 2008 (a midweek match against Munster to commemorate Munster's defeat of the All Blacks in 1978, which had been their only loss on that tour). The All Blacks' tours of 2005 and 2008 were originally planned to include only three Test matches; the late inclusion of matches against Wales and England respectively turned these into Grand Slam tours.

text: Grand Slams achieved by touring sides[edit]

text:
South Africa
1912–13, 1931–32, 1951–52, 1960–61

 New Zealand
1978, 2005, 2008, 2010

 Australia
1984

text: Overall tour results[edit]

text:
Team
Tours
Achieved
Not achieved
 % Achieved

   South Africa
9
4
5
44.4%

 New Zealand
9
4
5
44.4%

 Australia
9
1
8
11.1%

Total
27
9
18
33.3%

text: List of Grand Slam tours[edit]

text: This is a list of all Grand Slam tours (tours which included fixtures with all four home nations, regardless of the eventual results of those matches). Tours on which the Grand Slam was achieved (wins over all four home nations) are indicated with a green tick.

text:
Key

Denotes a win

Denotes a loss

text:
Year
Team
Achieved
Result
Scores

 England
 Ireland
 Scotland
 Wales

1905-06
 New Zealand

3 - 1
0 - 15
0 - 15
7 - 12
3 - 0

1906
 South Africa

2 - 1
3 - 3
12 - 15
6 - 0
0 - 11

1912-13
 South Africa
Y
4 - 0
3 - 9
0 - 38
0 - 16
0 - 3

1927-28
 Australia

2 - 2
18 - 11
3 - 5
10 - 8
8 - 18

1931-32
 South Africa
Y
4 - 0
0 - 7
3 - 8
3 - 6
3 - 8

1935-36
 New Zealand

2 - 2
13 - 0
9 - 17
8 - 18
13 - 12

1947-48
 Australia

3 - 1
0 - 11
3 - 16
7 - 16
6 - 0

1951-52
 South Africa
Y
4 - 0
3 - 8
5 - 17
0 - 44
3 - 6

1953-54
 New Zealand

3 - 1
0 - 5
3 - 14
0 - 3
13 - 8

1958
 Australia

0 - 4
9 - 6
9 - 6
12 - 8
9 - 3

1960-61
 South Africa
Y
4 - 0
0 - 5
3 - 8
5 - 12
0 - 3

1963-64
 New Zealand

3 - 0
0 - 14
5 - 6
0 - 0
0 - 6

1966-67
 Australia

2 - 2
11 - 23
15 - 8
11 - 5
11 - 14

1969-70
 South Africa

0 - 2
11 - 8
8 - 8
6 - 3
6 - 6

1972-73
 New Zealand

3 - 0
0 - 9
10 - 10
9 - 14
16 - 19

1975-76
 Australia

1 - 3
23 - 6
10 - 20
10 - 3
28 - 3

1978
 New Zealand
Y
4 - 0
6 - 16
6 - 10
9 - 18
12 - 13

1981-82
 Australia

1 - 3
15 - 11
12 - 16
24 - 15
18 - 13

1984
 Australia
Y
4 - 0
3 - 19
9 - 16
12 - 37
9 - 28

1998
 South Africa

3 - 1
13 - 8
13 - 27
10 - 35
20 - 28

2004
 South Africa

2 - 2
32 - 16
17 - 12
10 - 45
36 - 38

2005
 New Zealand
Y
4 - 0
19 - 23
7 - 45
10 - 29
3 - 41

2008
 New Zealand
Y
4 - 0
6 - 32
3 - 22
6 - 32
9 - 29

2009
 Australia

2 - 1
9 - 18
20 - 20
9 - 8
12 - 33

2010
 New Zealand
Y
4 - 0
16 - 26
18 - 38
3 - 49
25 - 37

2010
 South Africa

3 - 1
11 - 21
21 - 23
21 - 17
25 - 29

2013
 Australia

3 - 1
20 - 13
15 - 32
15 - 21
26 - 30

2016
 Australia

2 - 2
37 - 21
27 - 24
22 - 23
8 - 32


document_title: Ozark (TV series)

question_text: where was the netflix series ozarks filmed at

text: Ozark (TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Jason Bateman as Martin "Marty" Byrde, a self-employed financial advisor, based in Chicago. In 2007, he and his business partner began to launder money for a Mexican drug cartel.[4]
Laura Linney as Wendy Byrde, Marty's wife, and Charlotte and Jonah's mother. After moving to the Ozarks, Wendy becomes a realtor and starts to identify businesses for Marty to use to launder money.[7]
Sofia Hublitz as Charlotte Byrde, Marty and Wendy's 15-year-old daughter, who strives to return to Chicago.[4]
Skylar Gaertner as Jonah Byrde, Marty and Wendy's 13-year-old son, who begins to show strange interests in dead animals and guns.
Julia Garner as Ruth Langmore, a 19-year-old woman who has the potential to become a dangerous criminal. She becomes part of Marty's money laundering operation and is in charge of the day-to-day operations of a local strip club, known as "Lickety Splitz".[8]
Jordana Spiro as Rachel Garrison, a local hotel owner and Byrde's business partner
Jason Butler Harner as Roy Petty, an FBI agent investigating Marty
Esai Morales as Camino Del Rio, a ruthless crime lord for a Mexican cartel for whom Marty launders money
Peter Mullan as Jacob Snell, an established local crime lord
Lisa Emery as Darlene Snell, Jacob's wife

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Josh Randall as Bruce Liddell, Marty Byrde's Chicago business partner.
Harris Yulin as Buddy Dyker, the Byrdes' terminally ill tenant.
Marc Menchaca as Russ Langmore, Wyatt and Three's father, Ruth's uncle, and Boyd and Cade's brother.
Christopher James Baker as Boyd Langmore, uncle of Ruth, Wyatt and Three, and Russ and Cade's brother.
Charlie Tahan as Wyatt Langmore, Russ's elder son and Ruth's cousin.
Carson Holmes as Three Langmore, Russ's younger son and Ruth's cousin.
Trevor Long as Cade Langmore, Ruth's incarcerated father, brother of Russ and Boyd.
McKinley Belcher III as Trevor Evans, FBI agent and Roy Petty's former lover.
Robert C. Treveliar as Sheriff John Nix.
Kevin L. Johnson as Sam Dermody, a real estate agent in the Ozarks.
Adam Boyer as Bobby Dean, owner of the Lickety Splitz strip club.
Michael Mosley as Pastor Mason Young.
Bethany Anne Lind as Grace Young, Pastor Mason Young's pregnant wife.
Evan George Vourazeris as Tuck, employee at the Blue Cat and Jonah's first friend in the Ozarks.
Sharon Blackwood as Eugenia Dermody, Sam's controlling, overbearing mother who works for her son's real estate business.
Joseph Melendez as Garcia, an enforcer for Del and watchdog of the Byrdes.
Michael Tourek as Ash, an enforcer for the Snells.

text: Production[edit]

text: The show is set at a modest waterfront resort at Lake of the Ozarks, inspired by the Alhonna Resort and Marina where series creator Dubuque worked as a dock hand while attending school in Missouri during the 1980s.[11] Most of the shooting locations are in the Atlanta area at Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier, rather than at the Lake of the Ozarks, because of tax breaks offered by the State of Georgia.[12][13] The film crew constructed a set in Georgia after extensively studying the Alhonna Resort property.[11] Some scenes are filmed at Chicago locations.[14] Only a few scenes from the pilot were shot in the actual city of Lake Ozark, Missouri, which include shots of the locally famous "Welcome To Lake Of the Ozarks" sign and the "Injun Joe Muffler Man" statue. The series was renewed for a 10-episode second season on August 15, 2017.[10]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
"Sugarwood"
Jason Bateman
Story by : Bill Dubuque & Mark Williams
Teleplay by : Bill Dubuque
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

After his business partner cheats a dangerous client, financial adviser Marty must devise a radical plan to save his and his family's lives.

2
"Blue Cat"
Jason Bateman
Story by : Bill Dubuque & Mark Williams
Teleplay by : Bill Dubuque
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

In the Ozarks, Marty struggles to find a local business he can use for money laundering, while his kids make new friends but neglect a crucial duty.

3
"My Dripping Sleep"
Daniel Sackheim
Ryan Farley
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

Marty finds a way to control Ruth. Wendy worms her way into a job. FBI Agent Evans confronts Marty & Wendy. Looking for another business to invest in, Marty digs for info on the strip bar. Ruth reveals her big picture plans to her family. Marty has the song "Still the Same" stuck in his head.

4
"Tonight We Improvise"
Daniel Sackheim
Paul Kolsby
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

Marty hires Ruth to pull off a heist. Agent Petty forges a relationship with a member of the Langmore family. Jonah exhibits disturbing behavior. Charlotte feels she cannot trust her parents. Bobby Dean visits his boss, Jacob Snell, after finding out about Marty's latest actions.

5
"Ruling Days"
Andrew Bernstein
Martin Zimmerman
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

Marty decides to invest in the religious sector, unaware he will disrupt a discreet business operation. A surprise visitor shows up at the Byrde home.

6
"Book of Ruth"
Andrew Bernstein
Whit Anderson
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

Jacob educates Marty on his business. Ruth devises and sets in motion a deadly plan. Rachel learns Marty is cooking the books at the Blue Cat Lodge.

7
"Nest Box"
Ellen Kuras
Alyson Feltes
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

To stop Jacob from carrying out his threat, Marty makes an offer. Agent Petty gets what he needs to turn Russ. Charlotte grows desperate to escape.

8
"Kaleidoscope"
Ellen Kuras
Ryan Farley
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

In a flashback to 10 years prior, Wendy struggles with depression, Del asks Marty to be his financial adviser, and Agent Petty faces a family crisis.

9
"Coffee, Black"
Jason Bateman
Whit Anderson
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

Russ learns Agent Petty's true identity and makes plans to murder, steal and flee. Wendy stumbles on an ideal business to add to the Byrde portfolio.

10
"The Toll"
Jason Bateman
Chris Mundy
July 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)

During his next sermon, Mason falters. Wendy and the kids plan to flee their home. Marty brokers a deal between Jacob and Del.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Ozark has received positive reviews, particularly for Bateman's non-comedic performance. On Metacritic, the series has a score of 67 out of 100 based on 28 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[15] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 64% approval rating with an average score of 6.81 out of 10 based on 53 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ozark hasn't yet reached the same level as the classic crime dramas to which it will inevitably be compared, but its satisfyingly complex plot – and a gripping performance from Jason Bateman – suggest greater potential."[16]

text: Brian Lowry of CNN wrote, "While the fish-out-of-water concept is one of TV's oldest, Ozark carves out its own path with clever twists — including a late-in-the-run flashback explaining how the cartel came into his life — and the sheer strength of the performances."[17] TV critic Sonia Saraiya of Variety wrote that Ozark is "smart, well-crafted, and says something," and that the series "comes together under Bateman's disarming and deceptively complex performance as Marty."[18] Tim Dowling of The Guardian wrote "Laura Linney is, as ever, magnificent".

text: Critics compared Ozark positively to Breaking Bad, both of which involve a seemingly normal protagonist suddenly immersed in a world of crime. According to Film Daily, "Once you get past the surface similarities, Ozark shines as something special and inventive, an intense crime opera where the scenery is as much the star as anyone in the cast."[19]

text: Symbols in the O at the beginning of each episode[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Each episode of Ozark begins with a recurring vignette consisting of a white O that grows in size on a black background, followed by a white crosshair that emerges at the center. The crosshair divides the O into quadrants, each of which shows a picture that symbolizes a major event or theme in that episode, as well as spelling out the letters Z-A-R-K.


document_title: List of One Day International cricket records

question_text: who has played most number of odi matches

text: Listing criteria

text: In general the top five are listed in each category (except when there is a tie for the last place among the five, when all the tied record holders are noted).

text: Listing notation

text: Team notation

text:
(300–3) indicates that a team scored 300 runs for three wickets and the innings was closed, either due to a successful run chase or if no overs remained (or are able) to be bowled.
(300) indicates that a team scored 300 runs and was all out, either by losing all ten wickets or by having one or more batsmen unable to bat and losing the remaining wickets.

text: Batting notation

text:
(100*) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was not out.
(175) indicates that a batsman scored 175 runs and was out after that.

text: Bowling notation

text:
(5–40) indicates that a bowler has captured 5 wickets while giving away 40 runs.
(49.5 overs) indicates that a team bowled 49 complete overs (each of six legal deliveries), and one incomplete over of just five deliveries.

text: Currently playing

text: Record holders who are currently playing ODIs (i.e. their record details listed could change) are shown by ‡.

text: Seasons

text: Cricket is played during the summer months in most countries. Domestic cricket seasons in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and the West Indies may therefore span two calendar years, and are by convention said to be played in (e.g.) "2008–09". A cricket season in England is described as a single year. e.g. "2009". An international ODI series or tournament may be for a much shorter duration, and Cricinfo treats this issue by stating "any series or matches which began between May and September of any given year will appear in the relevant single year season and any that began between October and April will appear in the relevant cross-year season".[8] In the record tables, a two-year span generally indicates that the record was set within a domestic season in one of the above named countries.

text: Team records

text: Team wins, losses, ties, and no results

text:
Team
First ODI
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
No result
Win

 Afghanistan
000000002009-04-19-000019 April 2009
86
43
41
0
2
51.19

Africa XI
000000002005-08-17-000017 August 2005
6
1
4
0
1
20.00

Asia XI
000000002005-01-10-000010 January 2005
7
4
2
0
1
66.66

 Australia
000000001971-01-05-00005 January 1971
906
555
308
9
34
64.16

 Bangladesh
000000001986-03-31-000031 March 1986
335
105
223
0
7
32.01

 Bermuda
000000002006-05-17-000017 May 2006
35
7
28
0
0
20.00

 Canada
000000001979-06-09-00009 June 1979
77
17
58
0
2
22.66

East Africa
000000001975-06-07-00007 June 1975
3
0
3
0
0
0.00

 England
000000001971-01-05-00005 January 1971
697
343
322
8
24
51.56

 Hong Kong
000000002004-07-16-000016 July 2004
20
8
11
0
1
42.10

ICC World XI
000000002005-01-10-000010 January 2005
4
1
3
0
0
25.00

 India
000000001974-07-13-000013 July 1974
933
478
408
7
40
53.91

 Ireland
000000002006-06-13-000013 June 2006
126
53
63
3
7
45.79

 Kenya
000000001996-02-18-000018 February 1996
154
42
107
0
5
28.18

 Namibia
000000002003-02-10-000010 February 2003
6
0
6
0
0
0.00

 Netherlands
000000001996-02-17-000017 February 1996
76
28
44
1
3
39.04

 New Zealand
000000001973-02-11-000011 February 1973
731
324
362
6
39
47.25

 Pakistan
000000001973-02-11-000011 February 1973
884
469
389
8
18
54.61

 Papua New Guinea
000000002014-11-08-00008 November 2014
14
5
9
0
0
35.71

 Scotland
000000001999-05-16-000016 May 1999
95
33
56
0
6
37.07

 South Africa
000000001991-11-10-000010 November 1991
583
361
200
6
16
64.19

 Sri Lanka
000000001975-06-07-00007 June 1975
811
373
397
5
36
48.45

 United Arab Emirates
000000001994-04-13-000013 April 1994
35
9
26
0
0
25.71

 United States
000000002004-09-10-000010 September 2004
2
0
2
0
0
0.00

 West Indies
000000001973-09-05-00005 September 1973
767
380
351
9
27
51.95

 Zimbabwe
000000001983-06-09-00009 June 1983
491
129
345
6
11
27.50

Last updated: 17 December 2017[9]
The win percentage excludes no results; a tie counts as half a win

text: Result records

text: Greatest win margin (by runs)

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Date
Scorecard

290 runs
 New Zealand (402–2) beat  Ireland (112)
Mannofield Park, Aberdeen
1 July 2008
Scorecard

275 runs
 Australia (417–6) beat  Afghanistan (142)
WACA, Perth
4 March 2015
Scorecard

272 runs
 South Africa (399–6) beat  Zimbabwe (127)
Willowmoore Park, Benoni
22 October 2010
Scorecard

258 runs
 South Africa (301–8) beat  Sri Lanka (43)
Boland Park, Paarl
11 January 2012
Scorecard

257 runs
 India (413–5) beat  Bermuda (156)
Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain, Trinidad
19 March 2007
Scorecard

 South Africa (408–5) beat  West Indies (151)
SCG, Sydney
27 February 2015
Scorecard

Last updated: 2 September 2016[10]

text: Greatest win margin (by balls remaining)

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Date
Scorecard

277 balls†
 England (46–2) beat  Canada (45)
Old Trafford, Manchester
13 June 1979
Scorecard

274 balls
 Sri Lanka (40–1) beat  Zimbabwe (38)
SSC, Colombo
8 December 2001
Scorecard

272 balls
 Sri Lanka (37–1) beat  Canada (36)
Boland Park, Paarl
19 February 2003
Scorecard

264 balls
 New Zealand (95–0) beat  Bangladesh (93)
Queenstown, New Zealand
31 December 2007
Scorecard

253 balls
 Australia (66–1) beat  United States (65)
The Rose Bowl, Southampton
13 September 2004
Scorecard

Last updated: 2 September 2016[11]
†This match was played with 60 overs per innings

text: Most consecutive wins

text:
Wins
Team
First win
Last win

21
 Australia
 England at Hobart, 11 January 2003
 West Indies at Port of Spain, 24 May 2003

12
 South Africa[a]
 England at Centurion, 13 February 2005
 New Zealand at Port Elizabeth, 30 October 2005

 Pakistan
 India at Jaipur, 18 November 2007
 Bangladesh at Dhaka, 8 June 2008

 South Africa
 Ireland at Benoni, 25 September 2016
 New Zealand at Hamilton, 19 February 2017

11
 West Indies
 England at Lord's, 4 June 1984
 Sri Lanka at Perth, 2 February 1985

 Australia[b]
 Scotland at Basseterre, 14 March 2007
 Sri Lanka at Bridgetown, 28 April 2007

No Results are treated the same as losses and ties in the above table.
Last updated: 22 February 2017[12]

Notes:

^[a] This sequence began after a no-result, and was ended by a no-result. The first win was over England in the 7th and final ODI (ODI 2226) of a seven-game series. The 6th ODI (ODI 2225) was a no result, before which South Africa had won the 3rd (ODI 2221), 4th (ODI 2223), and 5th (ODI 2224) ODIs. Ignoring this no result, the sequence lasted 15 matches.[13] The last win came against New Zealand in the 3rd ODI (ODI 2289) of a five-game series. The 4th ODI (ODI 2292) was a no result and South Africa won the 5th ODI (ODI 2293) as well as the 1st ODI (ODI 2297) against India in their next series before losing to India in the 2nd ODI (ODI 2298). Ignoring this no result as well, South Africa's winning streak is further extended to 17 matches.[14]
^[b] This sequence was ended by a no-result. The last win was the 2007 Cricket World Cup Final (ODI 2581). Australia's next ODI (ODI 2621) was the first game of a seven-game series against India; there was no result. Australia won the next two ODIs of the series (ODI 2623 and 2625) before losing the 4th ODI (ODI 2627). If this no result is ignored, the second and third ODIs would be included in Australia's winning streak, extending it to 13 matches.[15]

text: Most consecutive defeats

text:
Defeats
Team
First defeat
Last defeat

23
 Bangladesh[a]
 West Indies at Dhaka, 8 October 1999
 South Africa at Kimberley, 9 October 2002

22
 Bangladesh
 Pakistan at Moratuwa, 31 March 1986
 India at Mohali, 14 May 1998

18
 Zimbabwe
 India at Leicester, 11 June 1983
 Australia at Hobart, 14 March 1992

 Bangladesh[a]
 South Africa at Bloemfontein, 22 September 2003
 England at Dhaka, 12 November 2003

17
 Zimbabwe
 Sri Lanka at Bulawayo, 20 April 2004
 England at Bulawayo, 5 December 2004

No results are treated the same as wins and ties in the above table.
Last updated: 15 February 2016[16]

Notes:

^[a] The 23-game sequence was ended by a no result (ODI 1904). Another four defeats followed, then another no result (ODI 1956), and then Bangladesh's 18 game losing sequence. Ignoring these no results, Bangladesh's 23 game losing sequence and 18 game losing sequence combine with the intervening four defeats into a single losing streak of 45 matches.[17]

text: Team scoring records

text: Highest innings totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Venue
Date
Scorecard

444–3 (50 overs)
 England
 Pakistan
Nottingham
30 August 2016
Scorecard

443–9 (50 overs)
 Sri Lanka
 Netherlands
Amstelveen
4 July 2006
Scorecard

439–2 (50 overs)
 South Africa
 West Indies
Johannesburg
18 January 2015
Scorecard

438–9 (49.5 overs)†
 South Africa
 Australia
Johannesburg
12 March 2006
Scorecard

438–4 (50 overs)
 South Africa
 India
Mumbai
25 October 2015
Scorecard

Last updated: 31 August 2016[18]
†See the match report for more details about this match, in which several records were set.

text: Highest match aggregate

text:
Score
Teams
Venue
Date
Scorecard

872–13 (99.5 overs)†
 Australia (434–4) v  South Africa (438–9)
Johannesburg
12 March 2006
Scorecard

825–15 (100 overs)
 India (414–7) v  Sri Lanka (411–8)
Rajkot
15 December 2009
Scorecard

763–14 (96.0 overs)
 New Zealand (398–5) v  England (365–9)
London
12 June 2015
Scorecard

747–14 (100 overs)
 India (381–6) v  England (366-8)
Cuttack
19 January 2017
Scorecard

743–12 (99.2 overs)
 Australia (371–6) v  South Africa (372–6)
Durban
5 October 2016
Scorecard

Last updated: 13 September 2017[19]
†See the match report for more details about this match, in which several records were set.

text: Highest runs in successful chasing

text:
Score
Team
Opposition
Venue
Date
Scorecard

438–9 (49.5 overs)†
 South Africa
 Australia
Johannesburg
12 March 2006
Scorecard

372–6 (49.2 overs)
 South Africa
 Australia
Durban
5 October 2016
Scorecard

362–1 (43.3 overs)
 India
 Australia
Jaipur
16 October 2013
Scorecard

356–7 (48.1 overs)
 India
 England
Pune
15 January 2017
Scorecard

351–4 (49.3 overs)
 India
 Australia
Nagpur
30 October 2013
Scorecard

Last updated: 15 January 2017[20]
†See the match report for more details.

text: Lowest innings totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Venue
Date
Scorecard

35 (18 overs)
 Zimbabwe
 Sri Lanka
Harare
25 April 2004
Scorecard

36 (18.4 overs)
 Canada
 Sri Lanka
Paarl
19 Feb 2003
Scorecard

38 (15.5 overs)
 Zimbabwe
 Sri Lanka
Colombo
8 Dec 2001
Scorecard

43 (19.5 overs)
 Pakistan
 West Indies
Cape Town
25 Feb 1993
Scorecard

43 (20.1 overs)
 Sri Lanka
 South Africa
Paarl
11 Jan 2012
Scorecard

Last updated: 15 February 2016[21]

text: Individual records

text: Individual records (batting)

text: Most career runs

text:
Runs
Innings
Player
Period

18,426
452
 Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2012

14,234
404
 Kumar Sangakkara
2000–2015

13,704
365
 Ricky Ponting
1995–2012

13,430
433
 Sanath Jayasuriya
1989–2011

12,650
418
 Mahela Jayawardene
1998–2015

Last updated: 15 February 2016[22]

text:
Most career runs – progression of record

Runs
Player
Record held until
Duration of record

82
 John Edrich
24 August 1972
1 year, 232 days

113
 Greg Chappell
26 August 1972
2 days

144
 Ian Chappell
28 August 1972
2 days

302
 Dennis Amiss
31 March 1974
1 year, 215 days

316
 Ian Chappell
13 July 1974
104 days

322
 Dennis Amiss
15 July 1974
2 days

400
 Keith Fletcher
5 June 1975
325 days

509
 Dennis Amiss
11 June 1975
6 days

599
 Keith Fletcher
14 June 1975
3 days

859
 Dennis Amiss[a]
21 December 1979
4 years, 190 days

867
 Greg Chappell
23 December 1979
2 days

883
 Viv Richards
26 December 1979
3 days

953
 Greg Chappell
16 January 1980
21 days

1,059
 Viv Richards
28 May 1980
133 days

1,133
 Gordon Greenidge
25 November 1980
181 days

1,154
 Greg Chappell
5 December 1980
11 days

1,211
 Viv Richards
7 December 1980
2 days

2,331
 Greg Chappell[b]
7 December 1983
3 years

6,501
 Viv Richards
9 November 1990
6 years, 337 days

8,648
 Desmond Haynes[c]
8 November 1996
5 years, 365 days

9,378
 Mohammad Azharuddin[d]
15 October 2000
3 years, 342 days

18,426
 Sachin Tendulkar[e]
Current
7003627200000000000♠17 years, 63 days

Last updated: 21 January 2016

Notes:

^[a] Dennis Amiss finished his career with 859 runs
^[b] Greg Chappell finished his career with 2,331 runs
^[c] Desmond Haynes finished his career with 8,648 runs
^[d] Mohammad Azharuddin finished his career with 9,378 runs
^[e] Sachin Tendulkar finished his career with 18,426 runs

text: Most runs in each batting position

text:
Batting position
Player
Runs
Average

Opener
 Sachin Tendulkar
15310
48.30

Number 3
 Ricky Ponting
12662
42.49

Number 4
 Mahela Jayawardene
6946
35.26

Number 5
 Arjuna Ranatunga
4675
38.64

Number 6
 MS Dhoni
3823
46.62

Number 7
 Chris Harris
2130
31.32

Number 8
 Wasim Akram
1208
17.01

Number 9
 Mashrafe Mortaza
643
12.61

Number 10
 Waqar Younis
478
11.12

Number 11
 Muttiah Muralitharan
170
5.48

Last updated: 21 September 2017[23]

text: Highest individual scores

text:
Runs
Player
Match
Venue
Date
Scorecard

264
 Rohit Sharma
 India v  Sri Lanka
Kolkata
13 November 2014
Scorecard

237*
 Martin Guptill
 New Zealand v  West Indies
Wellington
21 March 2015
Scorecard

219
 Virender Sehwag
 India v  West Indies
Indore
8 December 2011
Scorecard

215
 Chris Gayle
 West Indies v  Zimbabwe
Canberra
24 February 2015
Scorecard

209
 Rohit Sharma
 India v  Australia
Bangalore
2 November 2013
Scorecard

Last updated: 3 September 2016[24]

text: Highest individual score in chronological order (Progressive Record)

text:
Date
Runs
Player
Match Scorecard
Opponent
Notes

5 January 1971
82
 John Edrich
Scorecard
 Australia

First ever ODI fifty
Ended up in losing side

24 August 1972
103
 Dennis Amiss
Scorecard
 Australia

First ever ODI Century
Achieved while chasing target

7 September 1973
105
 Roy Fredericks
Scorecard
 England

Achieved while chasing target

31 August 1974
116*
 David Lloyd
Scorecard
 Pakistan

Lost the match

7 June 1975
137
 Dennis Amiss
Scorecard
 India

World Cup
Only player to reclaim the record

7 June 1975
171*
 Glenn Turner
Scorecard
East Africa

World Cup
First ever ODI 150
Faced maximum number of balls (209)

18 June 1983
175*
 Kapil Dev
Scorecard
 Zimbabwe

World Cup
Fastest century as on date (18 June 1983)

31 May 1984
189*
 Viv Richards
Scorecard
 England

Century stand for the last wicket

21 May 1997
194
 Saeed Anwar
Scorecard
 India

16 August 2009
194*
 Charles Coventry
Scorecard
 Bangladesh

Equaled the record but was not out.
Lost the match

24 February 2010
200*
 Sachin Tendulkar
Scorecard
 South Africa

First ever ODI double century in men's cricket

8 December 2011
219
 Virendar Sehwag
Scorecard
 West Indies

13 November 2014
264
 Rohit Sharma
Scorecard
 Sri Lanka

First ever ODI 250
First man to achieve two double hundreds in ODI Cricket history

Last updated: 31 August 2016[25]

text: Highest individual score at the position

text:
Batting position
Player
Score
Opponent
Venue
Date

Number 1
 Martin Guptill
237*
 West Indies
Eden Gardens
21 March 2015

Number 2
 Rohit Sharma
264
 Sri Lanka
Westpac Stadium
13 November 2014

Number 3
 Charles Coventry
194*
 Bangladesh
Queens Sports Club
16 August 2009

Number 4
 Vivian Richards
189*
 England
Old Trafford
31 May 1984

Number 5
 AB de Villiers
162*
 West Indies
Sydney Cricket Ground
27 February 2015

Number 6
 Kapil Dev
175*
 Zimbabwe
Nevill Ground
18 June 1983

Number 7
 Luke Ronchi
170*
 Sri Lanka
University Oval
23 January 2015

Number 8
 Chris Woakes
95*
 Sri Lanka
Trent Bridge
21 June 2016

Number 9
 Andre Russell
92*
 India
Sir Vivian Richards Stadium
11 June 2011

Number 10
 Ravi Rampaul
86*
 India
ACA-VDCA Stadium
2 December 2011

Number 11
 Mohammad Amir
58
 England
Trent Bridge
30 August 2016

Last updated: 29 January 2017[26]

text: Highest career average

text:
Average
Innings
Runs
Player
Period

67.00
32
1,541
 Ryan ten Doeschate
2006–2011

58.60
35
1,758
 Babar Azam ‡
2015–present

55.55
192
8,888
 Virat Kohli ‡
2008–present

54.06
215
9,515
 AB de Villiers ‡
2005–present

53.58
196
6,912
 Michael Bevan
1994–2004

Qualification: 20 innings
Last updated: 23 October 2017[27]

text: Highest strike rates

text:
Strike rate
Runs
Balls faced
Player
Period

130.81
985
753
 Andre Russell ‡
2011–present

123.93
2,035
1,642
 Glenn Maxwell ‡
2012–present

118.73
602
507
 Hardik Pandya ‡
2016–present

117.93
2,505
2,124
 Jos Buttler ‡
2012–present

117.06
590
504
 Lionel Cann
2006–2009

Qualification: 500 balls faced
Last updated: 17 December 2017[28]

text: Most centuries

text:
Centuries
Innings
Player
Period

49
452
 Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2012

32
194
 Virat Kohli ‡
2008–present

30
365
 Ricky Ponting
1995–2012

28
433
 Sanath Jayasuriya
1989–2011

26
155
 Hashim Amla ‡
2008–present

Last updated: 29 October 2017[29]

text: Most fifties

text:
Fifties
Innings
Player
Period

96
452
 Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2012

93
380
 Kumar Sangakkara
2000–2015

86
314
 Jacques Kallis
1996–2014

83
318
 Rahul Dravid
1996–2011

350
 Inzamam-ul-Haq
1991–2007

Last updated: 15 February 2016[30]

text: Fastest fifties

text:
Balls faced
Player
Match
Venue
Date
Scorecard

16
 AB de Villiers ‡
 South Africa v  West Indies
Johannesburg
2014–15
Scorecard

17
 Sanath Jayasuriya
 Sri Lanka v  Pakistan
Singapore
1996
Scorecard

 Kusal Perera ‡
 Sri Lanka v  Pakistan
Kandy
2015
Scorecard

 Martin Guptill ‡
 New Zealand v  Sri Lanka
Christchurch
2015–16
Scorecard

18
 Simon O'Donnell
 Australia v  Sri Lanka
Sharjah
1990
Scorecard

 Shahid Afridi
 Pakistan v  Sri Lanka
Nairobi
1996
Scorecard

 Shahid Afridi
 Pakistan v  Netherlands
Colombo
2002
Scorecard

 Glenn Maxwell ‡
 Australia v  India
Bangalore
2013
Scorecard

 Shahid Afridi
 Pakistan v  Bangladesh
Dhaka
2014
Scorecard

 Brendon McCullum
 New Zealand v  England
Wellington
2014–15
Scorecard

 Aaron Finch ‡
 Australia v  Sri Lanka
Dumbulla
2016
Scorecard

Last updated: 23 October 2017[31]

text: Fastest centuries

text:
Balls faced
Player
Match
Venue
Date
Scorecard

31
 AB de Villiers ‡
 South Africa v  West Indies
Johannesburg
2014–15
Scorecard

36
 Corey Anderson ‡
 New Zealand v  West Indies
Queenstown Events Centre
2013–14
Scorecard

37
 Shahid Afridi
 Pakistan v  Sri Lanka
Nairobi Gymkhana Club
1996
Scorecard

44
 Mark Boucher
 South Africa v  Zimbabwe
Senwes Park
2006
Scorecard

45
 Brian Lara
 West Indies v  Bangladesh
Dhaka
1999
Scorecard

 Shahid Afridi
 Pakistan v  India
Kanpur
2005
Scorecard

Last updated: 24 October 2017[32]

text: Fastest 150s

text:
Balls faced
Player
Match
Venue
Date
Scorecard

64
 AB de Villiers ‡
 South Africa v  West Indies
Sydney
2015
Scorecard

83
 Shane Watson ‡
 Australia v  Bangladesh
Dhaka
2011
Scorecard

85
 Sharjeel Khan ‡
 Pakistan v  Ireland
Malahide
2016
Scorecard

92
 Luke Ronchi
 New Zealand v  Sri Lanka
Dunedin
2014–15
Scorecard

95
 Sanath Jayasuriya
 Sri Lanka v  England
Leeds
2006
Scorecard

Last updated: 31 August 2016[32]

text: Fastest double centuries

text:
Balls faced
Player
Match
Venue
Season
Scorecard

138
 Chris Gayle ‡
 West Indies v  Zimbabwe
Canberra
2014–15
Scorecard

140
 Virender Sehwag
 India v  West Indies
Indore
2011–12
Scorecard

147
 Sachin Tendulkar
 India v  South Africa
Gwalior
2009–10
Scorecard

151
 Rohit Sharma ‡
 India v  Sri Lanka
Kolkata
2014–15
Scorecard

 Rohit Sharma ‡
 India v  Sri Lanka
Mohali
2017–18
Scorecard

Last updated: 13 December 2017[33]

text: Most sixes in career

text:
Sixes
Player
Innings

351
 Shahid Afridi
369

270
 Sanath Jayasuriya
433

252
 Chris Gayle ‡
268

216
 MS Dhoni ‡
268

202
 AB de Villiers ‡
215

Last updated: 17 December 2017[34]

text: Most fours in career

text:
Fours
Player
Innings

2016
 Sachin Tendulkar
452

1500
 Sanath Jayasuriya
433

1385
 Kumar Sangakkara
380

1231
 Ricky Ponting
365

1162
 Adam Gilchrist
279

Last updated: 15 February 2016[35]

text: Most sixes in an innings

text:
Sixes
Runs
Player
Opposition
Venue
Match date
Scorecard

16
209
 Rohit Sharma ‡
 Australia
Bangalore
02 Nov 2013
Scorecard

149
 AB de Villiers ‡
 West Indies
Johannesburg
18 Jan 2015
Scorecard

215
 Chris Gayle ‡
 Zimbabwe
Canberra
24 Feb 2015
Scorecard

15
185*
 Shane Watson
 Bangladesh
Dhaka
11 Apr 2011
Scorecard

14
131*
 Corey Anderson ‡
 West Indies
Queenstown
1 Jan 2014
Scorecard

Last updated: 31 August 2016[36]

text: Most fours in an innings

text:
Fours
Runs
Player
Opposition
Venue
Date
Scorecard

33
264
 Rohit Sharma ‡
 Sri Lanka
Kolkata
13 November 2014
Scorecard

25
200*
 Sachin Tendulkar
 South Africa
Gwalior
24 February 2010
Scorecard

219
 Virendar Sehwag
 West Indies
Indore
8 December 2011
Scorecard

24
157
 Sanath Jayasuriya
 Netherlands
Amstelveen
4 July 2006
Scorecard

237*
 Martin Guptill ‡
 West Indies
Wellington
21 March 2015
Scorecard

173
 David Warner ‡
 South Africa
Cape Town
12 October 2016
Scorecard

Last updated: 2 December 2016[37]

text: Most runs in a calendar year

text:
Runs
Innings
Player
Year

1894
33
 Sachin Tendulkar
1998

1767
41
 Sourav Ganguly
1999

1761
43
 Rahul Dravid
1999

1611
32
 Sachin Tendulkar
1996

1601
30
 Matthew Hayden
2007

Last updated: 15 February 2016[38]

text: Most runs in an over

text:
Runs
Sequence
Batsman
Bowler
Venue
Date
Scorecard

36
6–6–6–6–6–6
 Herschelle Gibbs
 Daan van Bunge
St. Kitts
2006–07
Scorecard

35
6–W–6–6–6–4–6
 Thisara Perera ‡
 Robin Peterson
Pallekele
2013
Scorecard

34
4–(N+6)–2–(N+4)–4–4–2–6
 AB de Villiers ‡
 Jason Holder ‡
Sydney
2014–15
Scorecard

32
4–4–6–6–6–6
 Shahid Afridi
 Malinga Bandara ‡
Abu Dhabi
2007
Scorecard

31
1–6–6–4–6–(N+4)–W–2[a]
 Kane Williamson ‡
 James Franklin
 Rizwan Cheema ‡
 Harvir Baidwan ‡
Mumbai
2010–11
Scorecard

Last updated: 2 December 2016[39]

Key:

N – No ball
W – Wide

Notes:

^[a] Kane Williamson faced the first ball of the over before turning over the strike to James Franklin. Rizwan Cheema was taken out of the bowling attack after bowling the no-ball, which was his second above-the-waist full toss bowled in the innings. He was replaced by Harvir Baidwan, who bowled the last two deliveries of the over.[40]

text: Most runs in a match on the losing side

text:
Innings
Player
Runs
Opposition
Year

1st
 Charles Coventry
194*
 Bangladesh
2009

1st
 Matthew Hayden
181*
 New Zealand
2007

2nd
 Sachin Tendulkar
175
 Australia
2009

2nd
 David Warner
173
 South Africa
2016

1st
 Rohit Sharma ‡
171*
 Australia
2016

Last updated: 1 March 2017[41]

text: Most Number of innings before first duck

text:
Innings
Player
Year

72
 Kumar Dharmasena
2001

70
 Gordon Greenidge
1986

68
 Craig McMillan
2001

67
 Chris Cairns
1997

67
 Graeme Smith
2005

Last updated: 1 March 2017[42]

text: Most Runs in an innings as captain

text:
Runs
Player
Opponents
Year

219
 Virender Sehwag
West Indies
2011

208*
 Rohit Sharma
Sri Lanka
2017

189
 Sanath Jayasuriya
India
2000

186*
 Sachin Tendulkar
New Zealand
1999

181
 Sir Vivian Richards
Sri Lanka
1987

Last updated: 1 March 2017[43]

text: Most Runs in an innings as wicketkeeper batsman

text:
Runs
Player
Opponents
Year

183*
 MS Dhoni
Sri Lanka
2005

178
 Quinton de Kock
Australia
2016

172
 Adam Gilchrist
New Zealand
2004

170*
 Luke Ronchi
Sri Lanka
2015

169
 Kumar Sangakkara
South Africa
2013

Last updated: 1 March 2017[44]

text: Most Runs in a career without hundred

text:
Runs
Player
Best
Span

5122
 Misbah-ul-Haq
96*
2002–2015

3717
 Wasim Akram
86
1984–2003

3266
 Moin Khan
72*
1990–2004

2943
 Heath Streak
79*
1993–2005

2784
 Andrew Jones
93
1987–1995

Last updated: 1 March 2017[45]

text: Individual records (bowling)

text: Most wickets

text:
Wickets
Matches
Player
Period

534
350
 Muttiah Muralitharan
1993–2011

502
356
 Wasim Akram
1984–2003

416
262
 Waqar Younis
1989–2003

400
322
 Chaminda Vaas
1994–2008

395
398
 Shahid Afridi
1996–2015

Last updated: 15 February 2016[46]

text: Best innings figures

text:
Bowling figures
Player
Match
Venue
Date

8/19
 Chaminda Vaas
 Sri Lanka v  Zimbabwe
Colombo
8 December 2001

7/12
 Shahid Afridi
 Pakistan v  West Indies
Guyana
14 July 2013

7/15
 Glenn McGrath
 Australia v  Namibia
Potchefstroom
27 February 2003

7/18
 Rashid Khan ‡
 Afghanistan v  West Indies
Gros Islet
9 June 2017

7/20
 Andy Bichel
 Australia v  England
Port Elizabeth
2 March 2003

Last updated: 10 June 2017[47]

text: Most runs conceded in an innings

text:
Runs
Bowling figures
Player
Match
Venue
Year
Scorecard

113
10–0–113–0
 Mick Lewis
 Australia v  South Africa
Johannesburg
2006
Scorecard

110
10–0–110–0
 Wahab Riaz ‡
 Pakistan v  England
Nottingham
2016
Scorecard

106
10–0–106–1
 Bhuvneshwar Kumar ‡
 India v  South Africa
Mumbai
2015–16
Scorecard

10–0–106–0
 Nuwan Pradeep ‡
 Sri Lanka v  India
Mohali
2017-18
Scorecard

105
12–1–105–2
 Martin Snedden
 New Zealand v  England
The Oval
1983
Scorecard

10–0–105–0
 Tim Southee ‡
 New Zealand v  India
Christchurch
2009
Scorecard

9–0–105–1
 Brian Vitori ‡
 Zimbabwe v  New Zealand
Napier
2012
Scorecard

Last updated: 13 December 2017[48]

text: Best career bowling average

text:
Bowling average
Player
Runs
Wickets

14.74
 Rashid Khan ‡
929
63

18.84
 Joel Garner
2,752
146

18.90
 Ryan Harris
832
44

18.97
 Tony Gray
835
44

19.45
 Mike Hendrick
681
35

Qualification: 1000 balls bowled
Last updated: 15 June 2017[49]

text: Best career economy rate

text:
Economy rate
Player
Balls
Runs

3.09
 Joel Garner
5,330
2,752

3.25
 Max Walker
1,006
546

3.27
 Mike Hendrick
1,248
681

3.28
 Bob Willis
3,595
1,968

3.30
 Richard Hadlee
6,182
3,407

Qualification: 1000 balls bowled
Last updated: 15 February 2016[50]

text: Best career bowling strike rate

text:
Bowling strike rate
Player
Balls
Wickets

22.2
 Rashid Khan ‡
1,401
63

23.2
 Hasan Ali ‡
1,302
56

23.4
 Ryan Harris
1,031
44

24.2
 Mustafizur Rahman ‡
1,067
44

24.7
 Corey Anderson ‡
1,485
60

Qualification: 1000 balls bowled
Last updated: 24 October 2017.[51]

text: Most 5 wickets in an innings

text:
5 wickets in an innings
Player
Matches

13
 Waqar Younis
262

10
 Muttiah Muralitharan
350

9
 Brett Lee
221

 Shahid Afridi
398

7
 Lasith Malinga ‡
194

 Glenn McGrath
250

Last updated: 12 June 2017[52]

text: Individual records (fielding)

text: Most catches in ODI career

text:
Catches
Player
Matches

218
 Mahela Jayawardene
448

160
 Ricky Ponting
375

156
 Mohammed Azharuddin
334

140
 Sachin Tendulkar
463

133
 Stephen Fleming
280

Note:The list excludes catches made as wicket-keeper.[53]
Last updated: 15 February 2016

text: Individual records (wicket-keeping)

text: Most dismissals

text:
Dismissals
Player
Innings

482 (383 catches + 99 stumpings)
 Kumar Sangakkara
353

472 (417 catches + 55 stumpings)
 Adam Gilchrist
281

424 (402 catches + 22 stumpings)
 Mark Boucher
290

398 (293 catches + 105 stumpings)
 MS Dhoni ‡
307

287 (214 catches + 73 stumpings)
 Moin Khan
209

Last updated: 17 December 2017[54]
Note. Sangakkara also took 19 catches in 44 matches when he was not the designated wicket keeper.[55]

text: Most catches

text:
Catches
Player
Innings

417
 Adam Gilchrist
281

402
 Mark Boucher
290

383
 Kumar Sangakkara
353

293
 MS Dhoni ‡
307

227
 Brendon McCullum
183

Last updated: 17 December 2017[56]
Note. Sangakkara also took 19 catches in 44 matches when he was not the designated wicket keeper.[55]

text: Most stumpings

text:
Stumpings
Player
Innings
ODI Career Span

105
 MS Dhoni‡
307
2004–present

99
 Kumar Sangakkara
353
2000–2015

75
 Romesh Kaluwitharana
185
1990–2004

73
 Moin Khan
209
1990–2004

55
 Adam Gilchrist
281
1996–2008

Last updated: 17 December 2017[57]

text: Individual records (other)

text: Most matches played

text:
Matches
Player
Period

463
 Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2012

448
 Mahela Jayawardene
1998–2015

445
 Sanath Jayasuriya
1989–2011

404
 Kumar Sangakkara
2000–2015

398
 Shahid Afridi
1996–2015

Last updated: 9 January 2016[58]

text: Partnership records

text: Highest partnerships

text:
Runs
Players
Opposition
Venue
Season

372 (2nd wicket) †
 Chris Gayle ‡ (215) &  Marlon Samuels ‡ (133*)
v  Zimbabwe
Canberra
2014–15

331 (2nd wicket)
 Sachin Tendulkar (186*) &  Rahul Dravid (153)
v  New Zealand
Hyderabad
1999–00

318 (2nd wicket)(first 300+) †
 Sourav Ganguly (183) &  Rahul Dravid (145)
v  Sri Lanka
Taunton
1999

286 (1st wicket)
 Sanath Jayasuriya (152) &  Upul Tharanga ‡ (109)
v  England
Headingley
2006

284 (1st wicket)
 David Warner ‡ (179) &  Travis Head ‡ (100)
v  Pakistan
Adelaide
2016–17

Note: † indicate partnerships, made in the Cricket World Cup.
Last updated: 26 January 2017[59]

text: Highest partnership for each wicket

text:
Wicket
Runs
Players
Opposition
Venue
Season

1st
286
 Upul Tharanga ‡ &  Sanath Jayasuriya
v  England
Headingley
2006

2nd
372
 Chris Gayle ‡ &  Marlon Samuels ‡
v  Zimbabwe
Canberra
2014–15

3rd
258
 Darren Bravo ‡ &  Denesh Ramdin ‡
v  Bangladesh
Basseterre
2014

4th
275*
 Mohammad Azharuddin &  Ajay Jadeja
v  Zimbabwe
Cuttack
1998

5th
256*
 David Miller ‡ &  JP Duminy ‡
v  Zimbabwe
Hamilton
2014–15

6th
267*
 Grant Elliott ‡ &  Luke Ronchi ‡
v  Sri Lanka
Dunedin
2015

7th
177
 Jos Buttler &  Adil Rashid
v  New Zealand
Edgbaston
2015

8th
138*
 Justin Kemp &  Andrew Hall
v  India
Cape Town
2006

9th
132
 Angelo Mathews ‡ &  Lasith Malinga ‡
v  Australia
Melbourne
2010

10th
106*
 Viv Richards &  Michael Holding
v  England
Manchester
1984

Last updated: 15 February 2016[60]


document_title: Isomap

question_text: what is the first step of the isomap algorithm

text: Isomap

text: Introduction[edit]

text: Isomap is one representative of isometric mapping methods, and extends metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) by incorporating the geodesic distances imposed by a weighted graph. To be specific, the classical scaling of metric MDS performs low-dimensional embedding based on the pairwise distance between data points, which is generally measured using straight-line Euclidean distance. Isomap is distinguished by its use of the geodesic distance induced by a neighborhood graph embedded in the classical scaling. This is done to incorporate manifold structure in the resulting embedding. Isomap defines the geodesic distance to be the sum of edge weights along the shortest path between two nodes (computed using Dijkstra's algorithm, for example). The top n eigenvectors of the geodesic distance matrix, represent the coordinates in the new n-dimensional Euclidean space.

text: Algorithm[edit]

text: A very high-level description of Isomap algorithm is given below.

text:
Determine the neighbors of each point.

All points in some fixed radius.
K nearest neighbors.

Construct a neighborhood graph.

Each point is connected to other if it is a K nearest neighbor.
Edge length equal to Euclidean distance.

Compute shortest path between two nodes.

Dijkstra's algorithm
Floyd–Warshall algorithm

Compute lower-dimensional embedding.

Multidimensional scaling

text: Extensions of ISOMAP[edit]

text: LandMark ISOMAP (L-ISOMAP): Landmark-Isomap is a variant of Isomap which is faster than Isomap. However, the accuracy of the manifold is compromised by a marginal factor. In this algorithm, n << N landmark points are used out of the total N data points and an nxN matrix of the geodesic distance between each data point to the landmark points is computed. Landmark-MDS (LMDS) is then applied on the matrix to find a Euclidean embedding of all the data points.[2]

text: C Isomap : C-Isomap involves magnifying the regions of high density and shrink the regions of low density of data points in the manifold. Edge weights that are maximized in Multi-Dimensional Scaling(MDS) are modified, with everything else remaining unaffected.[2]

text: Possible issues[edit]

text: The connectivity of each data point in the neighborhood graph is defined as its nearest k Euclidean neighbors in the high-dimensional space. This step is vulnerable to "short-circuit errors" if k is too large with respect to the manifold structure or if noise in the data moves the points slightly off the manifold.[3] Even a single short-circuit error can alter many entries in the geodesic distance matrix, which in turn can lead to a drastically different (and incorrect) low-dimensional embedding. Conversely, if k is too small, the neighborhood graph may become too sparse to approximate geodesic paths accurately. But improvements have been made to this algorithm to make it work better for sparse and noisy data sets.[4]

text: Relationship with other methods[edit]

text: Following the connection between the classical scaling and PCA, metric MDS can be interpreted as kernel PCA. In a similar manner, the geodesic distance matrix in Isomap can be viewed as a kernel matrix. The doubly centered geodesic distance matrix K in Isomap is of the form

text:
where

D

2

=

D

i
j

2

:=
(

D

i
j

)

2

{\displaystyle D^{2}=D_{ij}^{2}:=(D_{ij})^{2}}

 is the elementwise square of the geodesic distance matrix D = [Dij], H is the centering matrix, given by

text: However, the kernel matrix K is not always positive semidefinite. The main idea for kernel Isomap is to make this K as a Mercer kernel matrix (that is positive semidefinite) using a constant-shifting method, in order to relate it to kernel PCA such that the generalization property naturally emerges .[5]