document_title: Dunkirk (2017 film)

question_text: when will the new dunkirk film be released on dvd

text: Dunkirk (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1940, during the fall of France, hundreds of thousands of Allied soldiers have retreated to Dunkirk. Tommy, a young British private, is the sole survivor of a German ambush. At the beach, he finds thousands of troops awaiting evacuation and meets Gibson, who is burying a body. After a German dive-bomber attack, they find a wounded man. They rush his stretcher onto a hospital ship hoping to get onboard and escape, but are denied passage themselves. The ship is sunk by dive-bombers; Tommy saves Alex, another soldier. They leave at night on a destroyer, which is sunk by a torpedo from a U-boat. Gibson saves Tommy and Alex, and they are brought ashore by a rowing boat.

text: The Royal Navy requisitions civilian vessels that can get close to the beach. In Weymouth, Mr. Dawson and his son Peter set out on his boat Moonstone rather than let the navy take her. Impulsively, their teenage friend George joins them. At sea, they rescue a shell-shocked officer from a wrecked ship. When he realises that Dawson is sailing for Dunkirk, the officer demands that they turn back, and tries to wrest control of the boat; in the struggle, George falls and suffers a head injury that renders him blind.

text: Three Spitfires head towards France. After their leader is shot down, pilot Farrier assumes command with a shattered fuel gauge. They save a minesweeper from a German bomber, but the other Spitfire is hit and ditches. Its pilot, Collins, is rescued by Moonstone.

text: Tommy, Alex and Gibson join a group of Scottish soldiers and hide inside a trawler until the tide rises. Her owner, a Dutch mariner, returns. German troops shoot at the boat for target practice; when the tide rises, water enters through the bullet holes. Alex, hoping to lighten the boat's load, accuses Gibson, who has been silent, of being a spy and demands that he leave. Gibson reveals he is French; he had stolen the identity of the soldier he buried, hoping to evacuate with the British. Alex, Tommy and the Scottish soldiers abandon the fishing boat when it begins to sink. Gibson is entangled in a chain and drowns. Alex and Tommy swim towards a nearby destroyer, but it is sunk by a bomber. Moonstone manoeuvres to take on troops, including Alex and Tommy. Peter realises that George is dead; when asked by the shell-shocked officer, he lies that George will be fine. Farrier shoots down the bomber, which crashes and ignites the oil slick from the sinking destroyer. Peter reveals to Collins that his elder brother was a Hurricane pilot, killed early in the war.

text: Farrier reaches Dunkirk, his fuel exhausted. Gliding over the beach, he shoots down a dive-bomber to cheers from the troops below. He cranks his landing gear down and lands beyond the Allied perimeter. He sets fire to his plane and is taken prisoner by German soldiers.

text: At the beach, Commander Bolton watches the last British soldiers leave. He confirms that 300,000 have been evacuated, ten times more than UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill had hoped for. He remains to oversee the evacuation of the French rearguard. Alex and Tommy cross the English Channel and board a train in Weymouth. Dawson is congratulated for having saved so many men. The shell-shocked officer sees George's body being carried away. Peter visits the local newspaper with a photograph of George; a front-page article later commends George as a hero. Alex expects public scorn as the train approaches Woking, but they receive a hero's welcome. Tommy reads out Churchill's address to the nation from a newspaper.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Fionn Whitehead as Tommy, a British Army private[7]
Tom Glynn-Carney as Peter, Mr Dawson's son[8][9]
Jack Lowden as Collins, a Royal Air Force Spitfire pilot[10]
Harry Styles as Alex,[11] a private in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders[12]
Aneurin Barnard as Gibson[13]
James D'Arcy as Colonel Winnant[14]
Barry Keoghan as George Mills[15][16]
Kenneth Branagh as Commander Bolton,[11] the pier-master during the evacuation[17]
Cillian Murphy as Shivering Soldier[9]
Mark Rylance as Mr Dawson, a mariner and Peter's father[9]
Tom Hardy as Farrier, a Royal Air Force Spitfire pilot[10]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
"The empathy for the characters has nothing to do with their story. I did not want to go through the dialogue, tell the story of my characters... The problem is not who they are, who they pretend to be or where they come from. The only question I was interested in was: Will they get out of it? Will they be killed by the next bomb while trying to join the mole? Or will they be crushed by a boat while crossing?"

— Christopher Nolan[18]

tag: div

text: Director Christopher Nolan conceived the film in the mid-1990s,[19] when he and Emma Thomas sailed across the English Channel, following the path of many small boats in the Dunkirk evacuation.[16][20] Nolan considered improvising the entire film instead of writing a script, but Thomas convinced him otherwise.[21] In 2015,[16] Nolan wrote a 76-page screenplay,[16][18][22] which was about half the length of his usual scripts[23] and his shortest to date.[10][24] Its precise structure necessitated fictional characters, rather than ones based on eyewitnesses.[25]

text: The story is told from three perspectives—land, sea, and air.[26] Nolan structured the film from the point of view of the characters, intending to use visuals rather than dialogue and backstory.[27][28] He wanted to incorporate the so-called "snowball effect" that he had previously used only in the third acts of his other films.[22] Nolan said that he approached research as though it were for a documentary,[29] and was attracted to the project because of its inversion of the "Hollywood formula": the Battle of Dunkirk was not a victory and did not involve American armed forces, but nevertheless demanded a large-scale production to be put on screen.[10]

text: Nolan postponed Dunkirk until he had acquired sufficient experience directing large-scale action films.[25] To convey the perspective of soldiers on the beach, for whom contact with the enemy was "extremely limited and intermittent", he did not show Germans on screen.[30] He omitted scenes with Winston Churchill and the generals in war rooms, as he did not want to get "bogged down in the politics of the situation".[31] Nolan showed key members of the crew eleven films that had inspired him: All Quiet on the Western Front, The Wages of Fear, Alien, Speed, Unstoppable, Greed, Sunrise, Ryan's Daughter, The Battle of Algiers, Chariots of Fire, and Foreign Correspondent – only two of which are war films.[16][32] The historical consultant was author Joshua Levine,[9][10] who also wrote the book adaptation, Dunkirk: The History Behind the Major Motion Picture.[33] Levine accompanied Nolan while interviewing veterans.[20][34][35] During these interviews, Nolan was told a story of soldiers seen walking into the sea in desperation, which he incorporated into the screenplay.[34]

text: The production team and scouting locations were chosen before Nolan and Thomas solicited Warner Bros. Pictures to make the film.[16] Nolan and his production designer Nathan Crowley toured the beach of Dunkirk while location scouting, and decided to film there despite the logistical challenges,[10] discarding Suffolk as an alternative. Crowley set up a makeshift art department in Nolan's old garage, as is tradition, and colourised black-and-white photographs to better understand the visual representation. The design aesthetic was made to look as contemporary as possible.[16][36] Hoyte van Hoytema, who had previously collaborated with Nolan on Interstellar, was chosen as the director of photography.[37] The Hollywood Reporter stated that Nolan made a deal with Warner Bros. to receive a $20 million salary plus 20% of the box office gross;[38] however, Vanity Fair reported that Nolan agreed to receive a low upfront salary in exchange for a large backend percentage.[39]

text: Pre-production began in January 2016.[16] For the uniforms, costume designer Jeffrey Kurland aimed to balance historical accuracy with aesthetics that would favour the film stock. As the original heavy wool fabric had not been produced since 1940, it was made from scratch, tailored for the main cast and over a thousand extras. Uniforms were made in a factory in Pakistan and the boots by a shoemaker in Mexico. The costume department then spent three weeks ageing them at Longcross Studios. Each garment was made to look distinct in regiment and personality: Tommy wears a large greatcoat, while Alex dons the Highlander cut. Kurland found references at museums, in contemporary magazines, photo archives, and books. The mole was rebuilt over four months from the original blueprints.[nb 2] Sand was brought from Dunkirk to create make-up consistent with the environment. Oil and tar were specially made and prosthetics were water and fire resistant.[19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: After first-hand accounts of the evacuation revealed how young and inexperienced the soldiers had been,[41] Nolan decided to cast young and unknown actors.[42] He was also adamant that all of the cast be British.[10][nb 3] John Papsidera and Toby Whale were the casting directors for Dunkirk.[16] Tom Hardy, Kenneth Branagh, and Mark Rylance were in talks to join the ensemble as supporting characters in late 2015.[44][45] Fionn Whitehead was cast as the lead in March 2016,[46] while Jack Lowden, Aneurin Barnard, and Harry Styles were added shortly after.[47][48] Cillian Murphy joined the following month.[49] James D'Arcy, Barry Keoghan, and Tom Glynn-Carney were included later that May.[50][51]

text: Michael Caine was cast in a spoken cameo role as Fortis Leader, as a nod to his role in the film Battle of Britain (1969).[29][12] According to D'Arcy and Nolan, Winnant and Bolton act as a Greek chorus to give the audience context.[16] Whitehead went through a secretive auditioning process lasting several months.[52] His character was named after the slang term for the ordinary British soldier.[53] Styles was cast for his "old fashioned face", as stated by Nolan.[54] He won the role after auditioning against hundreds of candidates,[10] when Nolan was unaware of his renown as a singer.[55] Murphy spoke to Nolan and read about the psychological trauma the soldiers endured, to understand his character's post-traumatic stress disorder.[14] Nolan chose Rylance for his work in the theatre and performance in Wolf Hall.[16] As research, Rylance piloted his character's boat every day,[10] listened to audio recordings at the Imperial War Museum,[56] and read accounts of men like Mr Dawson.[16] Between takes, he encouraged rehearsal through improvised scenes, which Nolan said "deepened the characterizations".[25]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on 23 May 2016 in Dunkirk, planned so as to avoid Bastille Day and coincide with the dates of the real evacuation.[19][57][nb 4] Production continued for four weeks in Urk, Netherlands,[19][59][60][nb 5] one week in Swanage and Weymouth in Dorset, United Kingdom,[19][62] and for two weeks at the Point Vicente Interpretive Center and Lighthouse in Rancho Palos Verdes, California.[19][63][nb 6]

text: Filming in Dunkirk took place at the location of the real evacuation,[9] while the street scenes were shot in nearby Malo-les-Bains because most of the buildings in Dunkirk were destroyed in the war.[65] Shooting times on the beach and mole were determined by tidal patterns. French labour strikes and working time regulations also affected the schedule.[19]

text: To minimise the need for computer-generated imagery (CGI), cardboard cut-out props of soldiers and military vehicles created the illusion of a large army.[66] Real or scale model fighter aircraft, and real warships and private boats, provided realism that could not be achieved from CGI.[67] Scale models were created via 3D printing. The mole set was frequently rebuilt after being damaged by bad weather. Because French authorities had prohibited pyrotechnic charges, to protect marine life, air cannons were used instead.[19] Six thousand extras were needed in France.[66][68] Early scenes of the film were shot at Weymouth harbour, and the final scenes at Swanage railway station.[19] Universal Pictures' Falls Lake studio in Los Angeles was used for interior and exterior sets of a sinking ship and plane, with the ship interiors filmed in a water tank using stuntmen.[9][19] To get acclimatised to the cold water scenes, Styles and Whitehead underwent training sessions at Point Dume in Malibu, California.[19] The principal cast members did their own stunts.[69]

text: Crowley and marine coordinator Neil Andrea located nearly sixty ships,[16][67] which Nolan had reconditioned for the shoot.[9][70] These included the retired French Navy destroyer Maillé-Brézé,[71] which was made to look like a 1940 British warship[10] as there were no wartime British destroyers left with working engines.[16] Three retired Royal Netherlands Navy ships were also used: the minesweeper HNLMS Naaldwijk portrayed HMS Britomart, HNLMS Sittard portrayed HMS Havant and HMS Jaguar, and MLV Castor portrayed HMS Basilisk.[72] The motor torpedo boat MTB 102 and the 1930s Norwegian steamer Rogaland were also used.[16][73] Over fifty other boats included twenty actual Little Ships of Dunkirk, piloted by their owners.[16] A small 1930s motor yacht called Moonstone served for six weeks of filming; its most demanding scenes, with up to sixty people on a boat designed for fewer than ten, were shot on the Dutch lake IJsselmeer[9][10][67] to avoid the challenge of the Dunkirk tides.[19]

text: Aircraft were equipped with dual cockpits for filming in flight.[75] A Yakovlev Yak-52TW[59][76] was modified to resemble a Supermarine Spitfire,[19][77] and two Supermarine Spitfire Mark IAs, a Spitfire Mark VB, and a Hispano Buchon painted to look like a Messerschmitt Bf 109E, were also used for the combat scenes. Large-scale radio controlled model aircraft, including Heinkel He 111 and Junkers Ju 87 bombers, were filmed crashing into the English Channel.[10][74] The real Spitfires were provided by the Imperial War Museum Duxford,[16] and owner Dan Friedkin piloted the one that was shot landing on the beach in Dunkirk. These takes had to be done within forty-five minutes, before the tide came back in.[19] IMAX cameras were attached to the fighter planes using specially-made snorkel and periscope lenses – in the back and the front[9][10][19] – and large-scale mockups were submerged with cable rigs for a crash scene.[9] A Piper Aerostar enabled filming from the air, also with IMAX cameras front and rear. Dogfights over the Channel were shot by an aerial unit based at Lee-on-Solent Airfield.[19] Hardy and Lowden spent the final stages of the shooting schedule on a cliffside in Palos Verdes, inside purpose-built cockpit gimbals, with limited contact with the rest of the cast and crew.[9][16][19][78] Principal photography ended on 2 September 2016, after sixty-eight days.[19]

text: The film was shot in natural lighting[79] using both IMAX 65 mm and 65 mm large format film stock in Panavision System 65,[44][80] with more IMAX footage than in any of Nolan's previous films[81] – an estimated seventy-five percent.[10] The sparsity of dialogue made it possible for IMAX cameras, which are notoriously noisy, to be used as the primary format.[19] Panavision and IMAX lenses enabled filming at night.[25] For the first time in a feature film, IMAX cameras were used hand-held,[82] which Steven Spielberg and Ron Howard advised as the best way to shoot on vessels.[34]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Nolan's regular collaborator Lee Smith returned to edit Dunkirk,[25] beginning in September 2016[19] after Smith had assembled shots unsupervised while filming was still in progress.[83] Editing took place in Los Angeles with an audio mixing team of eight people. Nolan said: "You stop seeing the wood for the trees",[10] and singled out the editing of the aerial sequences as a particular challenge,[83] likening this to a chess game.[23]

text: Limited computer-generated imagery was applied to improve some scenes, but none consisted entirely of CGI.[83] Weather continuity presented less of a challenge than was expected, with filming both in Europe and California. At least ten to fifteen feature-length versions were cut to further refine the dramatic impact.[19][84] Once a cut was completed, only then did they apply music.[85] Post-production had fifty-four hours of raw footage to work with.[40]

text: The only usable sounds from production recordings were voices – everything else was recreated.[86] Sound designer Richard King sent two sound mixers to audio record the Spitfires at the Imperial War Museum Duxford using twenty-four microphones. Unable to find an actual dive siren of a Stuka dive bomber, King reverse engineered one from old photographs in an attempt to replicate the sound. For scenes in which ships gave out sounds of people in distress, voices were captured using an ADR "loop group". C-4 and liquid propane were blown up to record sound for the explosions. Also featured were the whistles attributed to German bombs during the Second World War.[19][40] Bomb noises were made to increase in pitch the closer they got to impact, to stay true to reality.[86]

text: Double Negative undertook the visual effects work while FotoKem, which assisted as the production's film laboratory, also handled the release prints.[87]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Dunkirk: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Hans Zimmer

Released
21 July 2017[88]

Genre
Film score

Length
59:46

Label
WaterTower Music[88]

Hans Zimmer chronology

The Boss Baby
(2017)
Dunkirk: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2017)
Blade Runner 2049
(2017)

text: Hans Zimmer began working on the score in 2016,[89] continued for eleven months, and eventually created a 100-minute demo.[90] For intensity, the script was written to accommodate the auditory illusion of a Shepard tone, which had previously been explored in Nolan's 2006 film The Prestige. This was coupled with the sound of Nolan's own pocket watch, which he recorded and sent to Zimmer to be synthesised.[83][91] Additional music was provided by Lorne Balfe, Andrew Kawczynski, Steve Mazzaro, and Benjamin Wallfisch.[92][93]

text: "Nimrod" from Edward Elgar's Enigma Variations is part of the theme,[94][95] which was slowed down to six beats per minute with added bass notes to avoid it sounding sentimental. Instrumentation included a double bass and fourteen cellos played in high register. King relayed to Zimmer the sound of a boat engine, which served as a reference for the tempo.[93] Zimmer visited the Dunkirk set for inspiration and chose not to view raw footage of the film whilst composing the score.[19] The music was recorded at AIR Lyndhurst Hall in London with Geoff Foster as mix engineer.[19][96]

text:
Dunkirk: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length

1.
"The Mole"
Hans Zimmer
5:36

2.
"We Need Our Army Back"
Zimmer
6:28

3.
"Shivering Soldier"
Zimmer
2:52

4.
"Supermarine"
Zimmer
8:03

5.
"The Tide"
Zimmer
3:49

6.
"Regimental Brothers"

Zimmer
Lorne Balfe[93]

5:04

7.
"Impulse"
Zimmer
2:37

8.
"Home"

Zimmer
Benjamin Wallfisch[93]

6:02

9.
"The Oil"
Zimmer
6:11

10.
"Variation 15 (Dunkirk)"

Wallfisch
Sir Edward Elgar[97]

5:52

11.
"End Titles"

Wallfisch
Elgar
Balfe
Zimmer[97]

7:13

Total length:
59:46

text: Release[edit]

text: The world premiere was on 13 July 2017 at Odeon Leicester Square in London.[98][99] The film was theatrically released on 21 July,[100] projected on IMAX, 70 mm and 35 mm film.[101] It is the fourth Nolan film to be released in the third week of July, a period in which Warner Bros. Pictures has previously achieved success.[102] It was Nolan's preference that the film opened in July instead of the northern-hemisphere autumn awards season.[103] The film was initially screened in 125 theatres in 70 mm,[104][105][106] and was the widest release in that format in twenty-five years.[107] Dunkirk received a special IMAX screening at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, the first Nolan film to appear at the festival since Following, nineteen years earlier.[108] After its original release of 126 days,[6] the film was re-released in fifty IMAX and 70 mm theatres on 1 December, expanding to 250 additional cities in January 2018.[109] Dunkirk was released digitally on 12 December 2017, and on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray, and DVD on 18 December in the United Kingdom and 19 December in the United States.[110][111]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The announcement teaser debuted in cinemas ahead of Suicide Squad[112] and was released online on 4 August 2016.[113] According to data analytics firm ListenFirst Media, it generated the most Twitter engagement of any trailer released that week.[114] The first full-length trailer was released on 14 December 2016,[115] alongside a five-minute[116] cinema-exclusive prologue shown before selected IMAX screenings of Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.[117] Dunkirk was the most discussed film that week according to media measurement firm comScore.[118] The prologue returned for a week before selected IMAX showings of Kong: Skull Island.[119] Footage from the film was well received at CinemaCon 2017.[120] Warner Bros. aired a TV spot to coincide with the 2017 US national basketball playoffs.[121] The official trailer was released on 5 May 2017, after a countdown on the film's website[122][123] and four fifteen-second teasers leading up to it.[124][125][126][127] Dunkirk was again the most discussed film that week according to ComScore.[128] The video game developer Wargaming included in its titles World of Tanks, World of Warships and World of Warplanes missions and rewards related to the film.[129] On 6 July, Warner Bros. released another trailer, which for the third time was the most discussed film of the week.[130] The prologue was shown at selected Wonder Woman IMAX screenings in July.[131][132] It also toured nine cities in three European countries with a mobile cinema.[133]

text: Sue Kroll, president of Warner Bros. Worldwide Marketing and Distribution, said that it was important that Dunkirk be marketed as a summer event movie as opposed to a period war film, to highlight its "magnificent scale and originality". This strategy was maintained throughout the campaign. To convince audiences that the film was best experienced in theatres, the prologue was never made available online. TV spots were distributed sporadically during sports games and notable television series to establish the film's themes. Social media infographics described the scale and importance of the Dunkirk evacuation. Additionally, a Google 360 Experience interactive adventure, an Amazon Alexa programme, and a 360-degree short film, were created. In partnership with fast food restaurant Carl's Jr., the film was branded on four million cups, as well as pop-ups at nearly 3,000 locations.[134] Research saw the film appeal to twenty percent of infrequent moviegoers.[135]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of 23 December 2017[update], Dunkirk has grossed $188.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $337.2 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $525.6 million, against a production budget of $100 million.[6] Globally, it is the highest-grossing World War II film (not adjusting for inflation), surpassing Saving Private Ryan's $481.8 million.[136][137]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking for the opening weekend ranged from Variety's $30–40 million[138] to Deadline.com's $35 million,[132] while BoxOffice speculated an opening weekend of $55 million,[139] and IndieWire $50 million and $500 million worldwide.[140] Dunkirk made $19.8 million on its first day, including $5.5 million from preview screenings. It went on to finish first at the box office with $50.1 million, marking the third-largest opening for a World War II film (behind Captain America: The First Avenger's $62.1 million and Pearl Harbor's $59.1 million), as well as the fourth largest of Nolan's career.[103] In its second weekend, it grossed $26.6 million (a drop of 44.3%), beating newcomer The Emoji Movie to the top spot.[141] The film grossed $17.1 million in its third weekend, second to newcomer The Dark Tower ($19.2 million),[142] and was again second in its fourth week, behind Annabelle: Creation with $10.9 million.[143]

text: The film opened in France on 19 July 2017, and made $2.2 million on its first day. It was released in seven markets the following day, earning an additional $6.3 million, and on 21 July in forty-six more countries, grossing $12.7 million from over ten thousand theatres, including $3.7 million from the United Kingdom.[144] The international debut totalled $55.4 million, including $4.9 million in France, $12.4 million in the UK and $10.3 million in Korea.[145] The film remained number one in the United Kingdom for five weeks.[146] It opened in China on 1 September[147] in the top spot,[148] grossing $30 million from its weekend debut.[149] Its opening weekend in Japan earned $2.9 million from 444 screens.[150]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Dunkirk received praise for its screenplay, direction, musical score, and cinematography. Some critics called it Nolan's best film to date[151] and one of the greatest war films ever made.[152][153][154] On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 92% based on 369 reviews, with an average of 8.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Dunkirk serves up emotionally satisfying spectacle, delivered by a writer-director in full command of his craft and brought to life by a gifted ensemble cast that honors the fact-based story."[155] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 94/100 based on 52 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[156] According to MRQE, it has an average rating of 85/100, based on 127 critics.[157] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[103]

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian awarded the film five out of five and called it Nolan's best to date, saying that he "surrounds his audience with chaos and horror from the outset, and amazing images and dazzlingly accomplished set pieces on a huge 70mm screen, particularly the pontoon crammed with soldiers extending into the churning sea, exposed to enemy aircraft".[158] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter also lauded the film, calling it "an impressionist masterpiece" that was "deeply moving" but without "manufactured sentimentality or false heroics." He also praised the score, which "enormously strengthens the film" and "incorporates both sound and music to extraordinary effect".[159] Peter Debruge of Variety praised the plot (although calling Zimmer's score "bombastic"), writing: "[Nolan has] delivered all the spectacle of a big-screen tentpole, ratcheting up both the tension and heroism through his intricate and occasionally overwhelming sound design."[1] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times described the film as a "tour de force of cinematic craft and technique" and lauded Nolan's elastic approach to narrative.[160] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle called it a "triumph" and "masterpiece", commending Nolan's unique approach to directing a war film and praising the performances.[161] The Economist labelled Dunkirk "a remarkable film" and a new classic.[162] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times said it was one of the best war movies of the decade, describing it as "tight, gripping, deeply involving and unforgettable ... triumph in filmmaking".[163] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A", calling it the best of 2017: "By the end of Dunkirk, what stands out the most isn’t its inspirational message or everyday heroism. It’s the small indelible, unshakeable images that accumulate like the details in the corner of a mural."[164] Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph gave the film five out of five, lauding it as "a work of heart-hammering intensity and grandeur".[165]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded it his first four-star rating of 2017 as "maybe the greatest war film ever", adding: "There's little doubt that [Nolan] has, without sentimentality or sanctimony, raised [the survival film] genre to the level of art...with the resonant force of an enduring screen classic." He also called it the first major Oscar contender of the year.[166] Michael Medved awarded it four out of four and called Hardy's performance "outstanding", and the action "seamless", declaring: "This is not only the best WWII movie since Saving Private Ryan, it is very simply one of the greatest war movies ever made."[167] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave it a score of three and a half out of four, despite not liking the film, stating that he "loathed parts of it and found other parts repetitious or half-baked. But, maybe paradoxically, I admired it throughout, and have been thinking about it constantly."[168] Jacques Mandelbaum of Le Monde praised the film's realism, but was disappointed that it ignores the part played by French troops.[169] Kevin Maher in The Times gave it two out of five, saying: "[Dunkirk] is 106 clamorous minutes of big-screen bombast that's so concerned with its own spectacle and scale that it neglects to deliver the most crucial element—drama." He also suggested that Dunkirk felt like a Call of Duty video game.[170] David Cox of The Guardian felt the film had historical inaccuracies, a paucity of female characters, small scale, a thinly characterised cast and lack of suspense.[171]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film received many nominations, including eight at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Acting Ensemble, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Visual Effects, Best Score, and Best Production Design,[172] and three at the 75th Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, and Best Original Score.[173]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: The film was noted for its generally realistic representation of the historical evacuation. It accurately depicts a few Royal Air Force planes dogfighting the Luftwaffe over the sea, limited to one hour of operation by their fuel capacity. In 1940, destroyers and fighter planes were indeed held back from battle, as the Royal Navy and Air Force would have been the sole defenders against invasion. Also noted were the accurate depictions of how a small boat attempted to evade aerial attack, and of how soldiers returning to England saw a civilian population largely unaware of or unaffected by the war.[174][175] British officers did initially refuse to evacuate French soldiers, although Churchill later insisted that the French be evacuated alongside the British.[174] The overall realism of the film was acknowledged by surviving Dunkirk veterans, although Branagh said that some thought it "was louder than the battle".[176]

text: However, although some events are based on true history, the characters and the storyline are fictional; Branagh's role is a composite character.[177] When the beach scenes were shot, the weather was worse than during the real evacuation; Nolan explained that this helped to understand the danger faced by the pleasure boats.[178] In one scene, an officer gives a salute without wearing his military beret, which a veteran pointed out as inaccurate protocol.[179] The German planes had noses painted yellow in the film; this was not actually done until a month after Dunkirk.[177] The involvement of French, African, and Indian soldiers was either limited or left out.[169][174] Modern shots were used for the aerial photographs, whereas in reality the town was substantially in ruins by the time of the evacuation. The design of the leaflets dropped from the air demanding the British surrender was artistic and not one used in 1940.[174]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Additional production by Warner Bros. Pictures, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Canal+, Ciné+, and Studiocanal.[2]
Jump up ^ The construction came at a cost of $900,000.[40]
Jump up ^ Barry Keoghan and Cillian Murphy, however, are Irish.[43]
Jump up ^ Dunkirk was approved under the French international tax rebate scheme.[58]
Jump up ^ The film received $1.2 million through the Netherlands' rebate incentive programme.[61]
Jump up ^ In the course of shooting, Dunkirk operated under the working title "Bodega Bay",[63][64] a place in Northern California suggested by production designer Nathan Crowley.[16]


document_title: Death of Bridget Driscoll

question_text: who was the first person killed by a car

root

text: Death of Bridget Driscoll

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Bridget Driscoll
Bridget Driscoll (circled)Born
c. 1851IrelandDied
17 August 1896 (aged 44)Croydon, Surrey, EnglandResting place
Queen's Road CemeteryKnown for
First pedestrian to be killed by a motor car in the United Kingdom

text: The death of Bridget Driscoll (c. 1851 – 17 August 1896) was the first recorded case of a pedestrian killed in a collision with a motor car in the United Kingdom.[1][2] As 44-year-old Driscoll, with her teenage daughter May and her friend Elizabeth Murphy, crossed Dolphin Terrace in the grounds of the Crystal Palace in London, Driscoll was struck by a car belonging to the Anglo-French Motor Carriage Company that was being used to give demonstration rides.[2] One witness described the car as travelling at "a reckless pace, in fact, like a fire engine".[2]

tag: p

text: Although the car's maximum speed was 8 miles per hour (13 km/h) it had been limited deliberately to 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h), the speed at which the driver, Arthur James Edsall of Upper Norwood, claimed to have been travelling. His passenger, Alice Standing of Forest Hill, alleged he modified the engine to allow the car to go faster, but another taxicab driver examined the car and said it was incapable of exceeding 4.5 miles per hour (7.2 km/h) because of a low-speed engine belt. The accident happened just a few weeks after a new Act of Parliament had increased the speed limit for cars to 14 miles per hour (23 km/h), from 2 miles per hour in towns and 4 miles per hour in the countryside.[2]

text: The jury returned a verdict of "accidental death" after an inquest lasting some six hours. The coroner, Percy Morrison, (Croydon division of Surrey) said he hoped "such a thing would never happen again." The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents estimate 550,000 people had been killed on UK roads by 2010.[2]


document_title: Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology

question_text: who wrote i've got dreams to remember

question_tokens: who wrote i 've got dreams to remember

text: Reception[edit]

text: In his review for Allmusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that while the music on the album is superb, it tries to be both a best of and a box set and so fails at both.[3]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: The album sold in excess of 40,000 copies and was voted 147th on the 500 greatest albums of all time by Rolling Stone.[4]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: Disc 1No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Shout Bamalama" (performed by Redding, The Pinetoppers)Otis Redding1:572."These Arms of Mine"Redding2:333."That's What My Heart Needs"Redding2:404."Pain in My Heart"Naomi Neville2:255."Come to Me"Redding, Phil Walden2:476."Security"Redding2:387."Chained and Bound"Redding2:438."Mr. Pitiful"Steve Cropper, Redding2:409."That's How Strong My Love Is"Roosevelt Jamison2:2510."I've Been Loving You Too Long"Jerry Butler, Redding3:1511."Respect"Redding2:1012."Ole Man Trouble"Redding2:3813."A Change Is Gonna Come"Sam Cooke4:1614."(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"Mick Jagger, Keith Richards2:4615."Down in the Valley"Bert Berns, Joseph C. Martin, Marvin Chivian, Soloman Burke2:5916."Shake"Cooke2:4117."My Girl"Smokey Robinson, Ronald White2:5618."You Don't Miss Your Water"William Bell2:5219."Cupid"Cooke3:1020."I Can't Turn You Loose"Redding2:4821."Just One More Day"Steve Cropper, Redding, Robinson3:3022."My Lover's Prayer"Redding3:1123."Cigarettes and Coffee"Butler, Thomas, Walker4:0024."It's Growing"Warren Moore, Robinson2:4925."Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)"Cropper, Redding2:4326."Try a Little Tenderness"James Campbell, Reginald Connelly, Harry M. Woods3:47

text: Disc 2No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."You Left the Water Running"Oscar Frank, Rick Hall, Dan Penn2:472."Trick or Treat"Isaac Hayes, David Porter3:133."Tramp" (performed by Redding, Carla Thomas)Lowell Fulson, Jimmy McCracklin3:034."Lovey Dovey" (performed by Redding, Thomas)Ahmet Ertegün, Memphis Edward Curtis2:365."Let Me Come on Home"Al Jackson Jr., Redding, Booker T. Jones2:556."I Love You More Than Words Can Say"Eddie Floyd, Jones2:557."Merry Christmas, Baby"Lou Baxter, Johnny Moore2:298."The Glory of Love"William Hill2:509."Tell the Truth"Lowman Pauling3:1310."I've Got Dreams to Remember"Zelma Redding, Otis Redding, Joe Rock3:1511."The Happy Song (Dum-Dum)"Cropper, Redding2:4512."Hard to Handle"Allen Jones, Alvertis Isbell, Redding2:2013."Amen"Traditional3:0614."Direct Me"Cropper, Redding2:1915."Love Man"Redding2:1816."Look at That Girl"Edward Morris, Sandy Stewart2:3817."I'm a Changed Man"Cropper, Redding2:2218."The Match Game"Porter, Redding2:5319."(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay"Cropper, Redding2:4920."Shake [live]"Cooke2:5721."Respect [live]"Redding3:0022."I've Been Loving You Too Long [live]"Butler, Redding4:0823."(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction [live]"Jagger, Richards3:3324."Try a Little Tenderness [Live]"Campbell, Connelly, Woods5:13

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Otis Redding – vocals, guitar
Carla Thomas – vocals
Booker T. Jones – guitar, piano, electronic organ
Steve Cropper – guitar, piano, bass
Johnny Jenkins – guitar
Charles "Packy" Axton – tenor saxophone
Andrew Love – tenor saxophone
Joe Arnold – tenor saxophone
Gilbert Caples – tenor saxophone
Gene Parker – tenor saxophone
Tommie Lee Williams – tenor saxophone
Floyd Newman – baritone saxophone
Wayne Jackson – trumpet
Sammie Coleman – trumpet
Gene "Bowlegs" Miller – trumpet
Ben Cauley – trumpet
Isaac Hayes – piano, organ
Lewis Steinberg – bass
Donald "Duck" Dunn – bass
Wayne Cochran – bass
Al Jackson, Jr. – drums
Rick Hall – drums
Phil Walden – tambourine
William Bell
David Porter – background vocals
The Pinetoppers

tag: ul


document_title: Marcelling

question_text: who invented the first curling iron in 1872

text: Marcelling

text: Marcelling is a hair styling technique in which hot curling tongs are used to induce a curl into the hair.[1][2]  Its appearance was similar to that of a finger wave, but made by a quite different means.

text: History[edit]

text: Accounts vary about the invention of the style. Some reports ascribe the invention of the technique to Marcel Grateau  (1852–1936), who invented it in 1872 (others say 1875).[3][4][5] François Marcel Woelfflé, who later changed his name to François Marcel,[6] was granted U.S. patents for implements for performing the technique: the first, U.S. patent 806386, entitled "Curling-Iron", was published in 1905,[7] and the second, entitled "Hair-Waving Iron", for an electric version, under the name François Marcel, was published in 1918.[6] There is also a 1936 obituary for Francois Marcel Grateau, with dates matching those of the first-named Marcel Grateau.[2] Given the dates, and the coincidence of names, it is quite possible that they were all the same man.[citation needed]

text: Marcelled hair was a popular style for women's hair in the 1920s,[2] often in conjunction with a bob cut. For those women who had longer hair, it was common to tie the hair at the nape of the neck and pin it above the ear with a stylish hair pin or flower. One famous wearer was Josephine Baker.[3] The doo-wop group the Marcels were named after the hairstyle.[8][9]


document_title: Group 6 element

question_text: 8) what is the common characteristic of the group vi metal ions

question_tokens: 8 ) what is the common characteristic of the group vi metal ions

text: Group 6 element

text: History[edit]

text: Discoveries[edit]

text: Chromium was first reported on July 26, 1761, when Johann Gottlob Lehmann found an orange-red mineral in the Beryozovskoye mines in the Ural Mountains of Russia, which he named "Siberian red lead," which was found out in less than 10 years to be a bright yellow pigment.[1] Though misidentified as a lead compound with selenium and iron components, the mineral was crocoite with a formula of PbCrO4.[1] Studying the mineral in 1797, Louis Nicolas Vauquelin produced chromium trioxide by mixing crocoite with hydrochloric acid metallic chromium by heating the oxide in a charcoal oven a year later.[2] He was also able to detect traces of chromium in precious gemstones, such as ruby or emerald.[1][3]

text: Molybdenite—the principal ore from which molybdenum is now extracted—was previously known as molybdena, which was confused with and often implemented as though it were graphite. Like graphite, molybdenite can be used to blacken a surface or as a solid lubricant.[4] Even when molybdena was distinguishable from graphite, it was still confused with a galena (a common lead ore), which took its name from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead.[5] It was not until 1778 that Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele realized that molybdena was neither graphite nor lead.[6][7] He and other chemists then correctly assumed that it was the ore of a distinct new element, named molybdenum for the mineral in which it was discovered. Peter Jacob Hjelm successfully isolated molybdenum by using carbon and linseed oil in 1781.[5][8]

text: Regarding tungsten, in 1781 Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered that a new acid, tungstic acid, could be made from scheelite (at the time named tungsten). Scheele and Torbern Bergman suggested that it might be possible to obtain a new metal by reducing this acid.[9] In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element.[10][11]

text: Historical development and uses[edit]

text: During the 1800s, chromium was primarily used as a component of paints and in tanning salts. At first, crocoite from Russia was the main source, but in 1827, a larger chromite deposit was discovered near Baltimore, United States. This made the United States the largest producer of chromium products until 1848 when large deposits of chromite where found near Bursa, Turkey.[12] Chromium was used for electroplating as early as 1848, but this use only became widespread with the development of an improved process in 1924.[13]

text: For about a century after its isolation, molybdenum had no industrial use, owing to its relative scarcity, difficulty extracting the pure metal, and the immaturity of the metallurgical subfield.[14][15][16] Early molybdenum steel alloys showed great promise in their increased hardness, but efforts were hampered by inconsistent results and a tendency toward brittleness and recrystallization. In 1906, William D. Coolidge filed a patent for rendering molybdenum ductile, leading to its use as a heating element for high-temperature furnaces and as a support for tungsten-filament light bulbs; oxide formation and degradation require that moly be physically sealed or held in an inert gas. In 1913, Frank E. Elmore developed a flotation process to recover molybdenite from ores; flotation remains the primary isolation process. During the first World War, demand for molybdenum spiked; it was used both in armor plating and as a substitute for tungsten in high speed steels. Some British tanks were protected by 75 mm (3 in) manganese steel plating, but this proved to be ineffective. The manganese steel plates were replaced with 25 mm (1 in) molybdenum-steel plating allowing for higher speed, greater maneuverability, and better protection.[5] After the war, demand plummeted until metallurgical advances allowed extensive development of peacetime applications. In World War II, molybdenum again saw strategic importance as a substitute for tungsten in steel alloys.[17]

text: In World War II, tungsten played a significant role in background political dealings. Portugal, as the main European source of the element, was put under pressure from both sides, because of its deposits of wolframite ore at Panasqueira. Tungsten's resistance to high temperatures and its strengthening of alloys made it an important raw material for the arms industry.[18]

text: Chemistry[edit]

text: Unlike other groups, the members of this family do not show patterns in its electron configuration, as two lighter members of the group are exceptions from the Aufbau principle:

text:
Z
Element
Numerical Bohr model

24
chromium
2, 8, 13, 1

42
molybdenum
2, 8, 18, 13, 1

74
tungsten
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

106
seaborgium
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2

text: Most of the chemistry has been observed only for the first three members of the group. The chemistry of seaborgium is not very established and therefore the rest of the section deals only with its upper neighbors in the periodic table. The elements in the group, like those of groups 7—11, have high melting points, and form volatile compounds in higher oxidation states. All the elements of the group are relatively nonreactive metals with a high melting points (1907 °C, 2477 °C, 3422 °C); that of tungsten is the highest of all metals. The metals form  compounds in different oxidation states: chromium forms compounds in all states from −2 to +6:[19] disodium pentacarbonylchromate,  disodium decacarbonyldichromate, bis(benzene)chromium, tripotassium pentanitrocyanochromate, chromium(II) chloride, chromium(III) oxide, chromium(IV) chloride, potassium tetraperoxochromate(V), and chromium(VI) dichloride dioxide; the same is also true for molybdenum and tungsten, but the stability of the +6 state grows down the group.[19] Depending on oxidation states, the compounds are basic, amphoteric, or acidic; the acidity grows with the oxidation state of the metal.

text: Occurrence[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2012)

text: Production[edit]

text: Precautions[edit]

text: Tungsten has no known biological role in the human body. Seaborgium's high radioactivity would make it a toxic element, due to radiation poisoning.

text: Applications[edit]

text:
Alloys[20]
Catalysts
Metallurgy, sometimes used in jet engines and gas turbines.[21]
Dyes and pigments
Tanning
hard materials

text: Biological occurrences[edit]

text: Group 6 is notable in that it contains some of the only elements in periods 5 and 6 with a known role in the biological chemistry of living organisms: molybdenum is common in enzymes of many organisms, and tungsten has been identified in an analogous role in enzymes from some archaea, such as Pyrococcus furiosus. In contrast, and unusually for a first-row d-block transition metal, chromium appears to have few biological roles, although it is thought to form part of the glucose metabolism enzyme in some mammals.


document_title: List of cities in Andhra Pradesh

question_text: list of most populous cities in andhra pradesh

text: List of cities in Andhra Pradesh

text: Cities statistics[edit]

text: As per 2011 Census of India, Towns with population of 100,000 and above are called Cities.[1] The state of Andhra Pradesh has a total of 31 cities, including the state capital, Amaravati.[2] These cities include, 14 municipal corporations, 17 municipalities.[3] All the thirteen district headquarters of the state are classified as cities and are having municipal corporation status. Visakhapatnam is the most populous city with a population of 2,035,922 after merger of surrounding villages in Visakhapatnam municipal corporation and Srikakulam is the least populated municipal corporation with a population of 125,939.[3] Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada are the two metropolitan cities in the state.[4] In terms of area, Visakhapatnam is the largest corporation with an area of 681.96 km2 (263.31 sq mi), followed by the state capital, Amaravati. Proddatur is the smallest municipality, with an area of 7.12 km2 (2.75 sq mi). Visakhapatnam is the least densely populated city and Eluru is most densely packed city in Andhra Pradesh. Among the corporations, Eluru is the smallest corporation with an area of 14.55 km2 (5.62 sq mi).[3]

text: List of cities[edit]

text: Note: Don't change this information.it is according to 2011 census please verify once before change.

text:
G.M.Corp - Greater Municipal Corporation, M.Corp - Municipal Corporation, M - Municipality[5]
The cities in bold are the headquarters of their respective district
‡ — State Capital
Machilipatnam and Vizianagaram are upgraded to corporations, but continue to be as municipalities till the expiry of its present elected council.

text:
S.No.

Name

District

Type

Population(2011)[6][3]

Area(sq.km.)[3]

India Rank

Ref

1

Visakhapatnam

Visakhapatnam

 G.M.Corp

2,035,922

681.96

14

[a]

2

Vijayawada

Krishna

 M.Corp

1,034,358

61.88

43

[8]

3

Guntur

Guntur

 M.Corp

743,355

159.46

63

[9]

4

Nellore

 Nellore

 M.Corp

630,218

149.08

75

[10]

5

Kurnool

 Kurnool

 M.Corp

545,232

111.34

107

[11]

6

Rajahmundry

East Godavari

 M.Corp

534,567

169.08

109

[12]

7

Tirupati

Chittoor

 M.Corp

461,900

27.44

122

8

Kadapa

Kadapa

 M.Corp

343,054

164.08

132

9

Kakinada

East Godavari

 M.Corp

325,985

161.23

147

10

Eluru

West Godavari

 M.Corp

283,648

14.50

163

[13]

11

Anantapur

Anantapur

 M.Corp

261,004

149.02

179

[14][15]

12

Vizianagaram

Vizianagaram

M

228,025

27.90

198

[16]

13

Ongole

Prakasam

 M.Corp

204,746

25.00

227

[17]

14

Nandyal

Kurnool

M

200,746

19.00

232

[18]

15

Chittoor

Chittoor

 M.Corp

189,332

95.97

233

[19]

16

Machilipatnam

Krishna

M

169,892

26.67

268

[16]

17

Adoni

Kurnool

M

166,537

32.71

270

[20]

18

Tenali

Guntur

M

164,937

15.12

272

19

Proddatur

Kadapa

M

162,717

7.12

273

20

Hindupur

Anantapur

M

151,835

24.06

275

[21]

21

Bhimavaram

West Godavari

M

142,280

25.60

278

[22]

22

Madanapalle

Chittoor

M

135,669

14.20

280

[23]

23

Guntakal

Anantapur

M

126,270

40.87

283

[24]

24

Srikakulam

Srikakulam

 M.Corp

125,939

20.89

284

[16][25]

25

Dharmavaram

Anantapur

M

121,874

40.50

286

26

Gudivada

Krishna

M

118,167

12.67

287

27

Narasaraopet

Guntur

M

116,250

7.65

288

[26]

28

Tadipatri

Anantapur

M

108,171

7.46

291

[27]

29

Kavali

Nellore

M

104,000

23.73

296

30

Tadepalligudem

West Godavari

M

103,906

20.71

297

31

Chilakaluripet

Guntur

M

101,398

18.13

32

Amaravati ‡

Guntur

N/A

103,000

298

[28]

text:
Amrut cities List in ap
Rankings of indian cities.


document_title: Hard Habit to Break

question_text: who wrote hard habit to break by chicago

text: Hard Habit to Break

text:
"Hard Habit to Break"
Single by Chicagofrom the album Chicago 17B-side
"Remember The Feeling"Released
July 2, 1984 (1984-07-02)Recorded
1983–1984Genre
Soft rock[1]Length
4:44Label
Full Moon/Warner Bros.Songwriter(s)
Steve Kipner, John Lewis ParkerProducer(s)
David FosterChicago singles chronology

"Stay the Night" (1984)

"Hard Habit to Break" (1984)

"You're the Inspiration" (1984)

"Stay the Night"  (1984)

"Hard Habit to Break"  (1984)

"You're the Inspiration"  (1984)

text: "Hard Habit to Break" is a song written by Steve Kipner and John Lewis Parker, produced and arranged by David Foster and recorded by the group Chicago for their 1984 album Chicago 17, with Bill Champlin and Peter Cetera sharing lead vocals. Released as the second single from the album, it reached  No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100[2] and was prevented from any more chart movement by "Caribbean Queen (No More Love on the Run)" by Billy Ocean and "I Just Called To Say I Love You" by Stevie Wonder. "Hard Habit to Break" also peaked at  No. 3 on the Adult Contemporary chart.[3][4] Overseas it peaked at  No. 8 on the UK Singles Chart.[5][6] The record was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year[7] and Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices,[8] and won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s). [9][10]

text: Puerto Rican singer Glenn Monroig recorded a Spanish-language cover version entitled "El Vicio Que No Puedo Romper" for his album Apasionado (1986). All-4-One also recorded a cover version on their compilation album Greatest Hits (2004).

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Peter Cetera – lead and background vocals
Bill Champlin – keyboards, lead and background vocals
Robert Lamm – background vocals
Lee Loughnane – trumpet
James Pankow – trombone, horn arrangements
Walter Parazaider – woodwinds
Danny Seraphine – drums

text: Additional personnel

text:
Michael Landau – guitar
Paul Jackson, Jr. – guitar
Paulinho da Costa – percussion
David Foster – keyboards, synth bass, synthesizer programming, rhythm and vocal arrangements
John Van Tongeren – synthesizer programming
Erich Bulling – synthesizer programming
Marcus Ryle – synthesizer programming
Gary Grant – trumpet
Greg Adams – trumpet


document_title: Gilligan's Island

question_text: who sang the original theme song for gilligan's island

question_tokens: who sang the original theme song for gilligan 's island

text: Gilligan's Island

text: Premise[edit]

text: The two-man crew of the charter boat SS Minnow and five passengers on a "three-hour tour" from Honolulu run into a tropical storm and are shipwrecked on an uncharted island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean.

text: Uncharted island[edit]

text: The island was close enough to Hawaii to clearly pick up Hawaiian AM radio transmissions on a portable receiver. The location given in the series varies.

text: In the first-season episode "'X' Marks the Spot", the radio warns that the Air Force will test launch an armed missile to strike a location near 140° latitude, 10° longitude (note: this is an impossible location—latitude goes only up to 90°, which is at the poles) The Skipper calculates this as their island's location, based on their starting point when the storm hit before they "... drifted for that three days ... with the prevailing western current ...", meaning the deadly missile will hit the island.[2]

text: Later in the first season, the episode "Big Man on Little Stick" has the Professor giving the position as "approximately 110° longitude and 10° latitude".[3]

text: In the third-season episode "The Pigeon", the island is placed about 300 miles (480 km) southeast of Honolulu.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Bob Denver is Gilligan, the inept, accident-prone First Mate (affectionately known as "Little Buddy" by "the Skipper") of the SS Minnow. Denver was not the first choice to play Gilligan; actor Jerry Van Dyke was offered the role, but he turned it down, believing that the show would never be successful. He chose instead to play the lead in My Mother the Car, which premiered the following year and was cancelled after one season. The producers looked to Bob Denver, the actor who had played Maynard G. Krebs, the goofy but lovable beatnik in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. None of the show's episodes ever specified Gilligan's full name or clearly indicated whether "Gilligan" was the character's first name or his last. In the DVD collection, Sherwood Schwartz states that he preferred the full name of "Willy Gilligan" for the character. Denver, on various television/radio interviews (The Pat Sajak Show; KDKA radio), said that "Gil Egan" was his choice. The actor reasoned that because everyone yelled at the first mate, it ran together as "Gilligan." In the unaired pilot episode, whether Lovey Howell refers to Gilligan as "Stewart" or steward is unclear. On Rescue from Gilligan's Island, the writers artfully dodged Gilligan's full name when the other names are announced. Little is revealed about Gilligan's past, except his occasional reference to best friend Skinny Mulligan and a one-time reference to his older brother.
Alan Hale Jr. is The Skipper/Captain Jonas Grumby, the captain of the S.S. Minnow. Alan Hale Jr. was a longtime actor in B-Westerns and the look-alike son of Alan Hale Sr., a legendary movie character actor. Hale so loved his role that, long after the show went off the air, he still appeared in character in his Los Angeles restaurant, Alan Hale's Lobster Barrel.[4] Although the Skipper was a father figure to Gilligan, Hale was only 14 years older than Denver. Gilligan pushed the Skipper out of the way of a loose depth charge when they were both serving in the United States Navy. Skipper is a World War II veteran, and served in the Seventh Fleet. In one episode, he describes his participation in the Battle of Guadalcanal. In the episode "They're Off and Running" (season 1 episode 28), Ginger is reading from a horoscope magazine and asks the Skipper his birthday, to which he responds, "May 5th." In moments of exasperation, the Skipper would swat Gilligan on the head with his cap. Just as often, the Skipper endearingly called Gilligan "Little Buddy". While everybody else called him "Skipper", the Howells usually called him "Captain". In addition, Hale wore his Skipper outfit when four other Gilligan's Island cast members and he appeared on a few celebrity Family Feud shows.
Jim Backus is Thurston Howell III, the millionaire. Backus was already a well-known character actor when he took the part. The origin of the super-rich Howell character dates back to 1949 radio when Backus portrayed "Hubert Updike III" on The Alan Young Show. Also, in the inaugural 1962–1963 season (episode 31) of The Beverly Hillbillies, Backus basically plays the same character, this time as the eccentric millionaire Martin von Ransohoff. In the classic 1963 comedy It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Backus played another Howell-like character, Tyler Fitzgerald, a boozy and rich airplane owner who briefly gets caught up in the race for the stolen money. Backus was perhaps best known as the voice of cartoon character Mr. Magoo. He reused some of the voice inflections and mannerisms of Magoo in the Howell role. He was well known for his ad-libs on the set. The character Howell was a Harvard graduate, a Republican, and a multibillionaire until his losses in the Great Depression left him a mere multimillionaire.
Natalie Schafer is "Lovey" Wentworth Howell, Thurston's wife, whom he affectionately called "Lovey". Schafer had it written into her contract that no close-ups would be made of her, but after a while in the series it was forgotten. Schafer was 63 when the pilot was shot, although reportedly no one on the set or in the cast knew her real age and she refused to divulge it. Originally, she only accepted the role because the pilot was filmed on location in Hawaii. She looked at the job as nothing more than a free vacation, as she was convinced that a show this silly would "never go".[5]
Tina Louise is Ginger Grant, the movie star. Louise clashed with producer Sherwood Schwartz because she believed that she was hired as the central character. Her character was originally written as a hard-nosed, sharp-tongued temptress, but Louise argued that this portrayal was too harsh and refused to play it as written. A compromise was reached; Louise agreed to play her as a Marilyn Monroe/Jayne Mansfield type. Louise continued to clash with producers over her role and was the only cast member who refused to return for any of the post-series TV movies, saying that the role had killed her career as a serious actress. She did, however, appear in a reunion of the cast on a late-night television talk show in 1988 and on an episode of Roseanne in 1995 when the Roseanne cast re-enacted Gilligan's Island. In the first season, Ginger often wore gowns that looked as if they were tailored from Minnow tarpaulins or similar substitute cloth (some had the name of the vessel stenciled on them). In the pilot episode, the character of Ginger, no last name (then a secretary), was played by actress Kit Smythe.
Russell Johnson is Professor Roy Hinkley, Ph.D. Actor John Gabriel was originally cast, but the network thought he looked too young to have all the degrees attributed to the Professor. Actually, "the Professor" was in fact a high school science teacher, not a university professor. In the first episode, the radio announcer describes him as a research scientist and well known scoutmaster. Johnson, who served as a bombardier in the Pacific during World War II, stated that he had some difficulty remembering his more technically oriented lines. Originally, he was not interested in the role, and was waiting for a TV show of his own, but his agent talked him into auditioning. He had done previous movies like It Came from Outer Space, This Island Earth, and a classic western where he shot Ronald Reagan in the shoulder. Johnson's role in the series was spoofed in a Bloom County comic strip for the Professor's technical expertise being unable to get the castaways off the island. This odd contradiction was played up in "Weird Al" Yankovic's parody song, "Isle Thing", when the Professor, who is brilliant enough to "make a nuclear reactor from a couple of coconuts" cannot "build a lousy raft".
Dawn Wells is Mary Ann Summers. Wells was a former Miss Nevada when she auditioned for the role. Her competition included Raquel Welch and Pat Priest. The pilot episode had a different character ("Bunny") played by actress Nancy McCarthy. After it was shot, the network decided to recast the roles of the Professor and the two young women. Mary Ann became a simple farm girl from Winfield, Kansas. In 1993, Wells published Mary Ann's Gilligan's Island Cookbook with co-writers Ken Beck and Jim Clark, including a foreword by Bob Denver. In February 2007, she starred as Lovey Howell in Gilligan's Island: The Musical, a musical stage adaptation of the TV show.
Charles Maxwell was the uncredited voice of the "Radio Announcer" (1964–1965). The castaways listened to his plot-advancing radio news bulletins in many episodes and usually with perfect timing to tune in at the exact moment the news they needed to hear was being broadcast.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
36
September 26, 1964 (1964-09-26)
June 12, 1965 (1965-06-12)

2
32
September 16, 1965 (1965-09-16)
April 28, 1966 (1966-04-28)

3
30
September 12, 1966 (1966-09-12)
April 17, 1967 (1967-04-17)

Television films
4
October 14, 1978 (1978-10-14)
October 14, 2001 (2001-10-14)

text: Pilot episode[edit]

text: The pilot episode, titled "Marooned", was filmed in November 1963.

text: The pilot featured seven characters (as in the series), but only four of the characters—and their associated actors—were carried forward into the series: Gilligan (Denver), the Skipper (Hale), and the two Howells (Backus and Schafer). As it happens, only these four characters/actors were featured in the opening theme song "cast list" used in the pilot, with the remaining three characters only mentioned as "the other tourists", although the earlier part of the song gave brief descriptions of all passengers.

text: Because of the three significant character and casting changes between the pilot episode and the first series episode, the pilot was not shown before the series first aired on 26 September 1964. The original pilot eventually aired over 29 years later (on TBS 16 October 1992).

text: The three characters who did not carry forward from the pilot were two secretaries and a high school teacher. In the pilot, the scientifically inclined Professor was instead a high school teacher played by John Gabriel. Ginger the movie star was still red haired Ginger, but worked as a secretary, played by Kit Smythe. Mary Ann the Kansas farm girl was instead Bunny, Ginger's co-worker, played as a cheerful "dumb blonde" by Nancy McCarthy.

text: The pilot's opening and ending songs were two similar Calypso-styled tracks written by John Williams and performed by Sherwood Schwartz impersonating singer Sir Lancelot. The lyrics of both were quite different from those of the TV series and the pilot's opening theme song was longer. The short scenes during this initial music include Gilligan taking the Howells' luggage to the boat before cast-off and Gilligan attempting to give a cup of coffee to the Skipper during the storm that would ultimately maroon the boat.

text: After the opening theme song and credits end, the pilot proper begins with the seven castaways waking up on the beached SS Minnow and continues with them performing various tasks, including exploring the island, attempting to fix the transmitter, building huts, and finding food. Contrary to some descriptions, the pilot's storylines contained no detailed accounts of the pilot characters' backgrounds. The pilot concludes with the ending theme song and credits.

text: The background music and even the laugh tracks of the pilot appear all but identical to those used during the series.

text: First broadcast episode[edit]

text: The first episode actually broadcast, "Two on a Raft", is sometimes wrongly referred to as the series pilot. This episode begins with the same scene of Gilligan and the Skipper awakening on the boat as in the pilot (though slightly differently cut, to eliminate most shots of the departed actors) and continues with the characters sitting on the beach listening to a radio news report about their disappearance. No equivalent scene or background information is in the pilot, except for the description of the passengers in the original theme song. Rather than reshooting the rest of the pilot story for broadcast, the show just proceeded on. The plot thus skips over the topics of the pilot; the bulk of the episode tells of Gilligan and the Skipper setting off on a raft to try to bring help, but unknowingly landing back on the other side of the same island.

text: The scene with the radio report is one of two scenes that reveal the names of the Skipper (Jonas Grumby) and the Professor (Roy Hinkley); the names are used in a similar radio report early in the series. The name Jonas Grumby appears nowhere else in the series except for an episode in which the Maritime Board of Review blames the Skipper for the loss of the ship. The name Roy Hinkley is used one other time when Mr. Howell introduces the Professor as Roy Huntley and the professor corrects him, to which Mr. Howell replies, "Brinkley, Brinkley."

text: The plot for the pilot episode was eventually recycled into that season's Christmas episode, "Birds Gotta Fly, Fish Gotta Talk", in which the story of the pilot episode, concerning the practical problems on landing, is related through a series of flashbacks. Footage featuring characters that had been recast was reshot using the current actors. For scenes including only Denver, Hale, Backus, and Schafer, the original footage was reused.

text: Last broadcast episode[edit]

text: The last episode of the show, "Gilligan the Goddess", aired on April 17, 1967, and ended just like the rest, with the castaways still stranded on the island. It was not known at the time that it would be the series finale, as a fourth season was expected but then cancelled.[6]

text: In its last year, Gilligan's Island was the lead-in program for the CBS Monday night schedule. It was followed for the first 16 weeks by the sitcom Run, Buddy, Run. The time slot from 7:30 to 8:30 p.m. Eastern was filled in the 1967–1968 season by Gunsmoke, moved from its traditional Saturday 10 p.m. time slot.

text: Typical plots[edit]

text: The shipwrecked castaways desperately want to leave the remote island, and various opportunities are frequently presenting themselves. They typically fail owing to some bumbling error committed by Gilligan (with the notable exception of "The Big Gold Strike", where everyone except Gilligan is responsible for their failed escape) and the Professor in one episode where he admitting to reading a tablet wrong. Sometimes this would result in Gilligan saving the others from some unforeseen flaw in their plan.[7]

text: Most episodes have one of five primary themes.

text: The first deals with life on the island. A running gag is the castaways' ability to fashion a vast array of useful objects from bamboo and other local material. Some are simple everyday things, while others are stretches of the imagination. Russell Johnson noted in his autobiography that the production crew enjoyed the challenge of building these props. These bamboo items include framed huts with thatched grass sides and roofs, along with bamboo closets strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds and rain; the communal dining table and chairs, pipes for Gilligan's hot water, a stethoscope, and a pedal-powered car. Many scenes occur at the dining table, where the castaways enjoy many dishes that Ginger and Mary Ann prepare while a portable radio provides news and entertainment. Gilligan and the Skipper often catch fish, and the island has citrus trees to avoid scurvy and a good supply of fresh water to drink and to prepare tropical drinks. While most are explained by the Professor's (or occasionally Gilligan's) ingenuity, sometimes they are also explained by things being washed up on shore or falling off cargo ships. Naturally, despite their obvious skill and inventiveness, the castaways never quite manage to put together a functional raft out of bamboo (or repair the holes in the Minnow, though the entire ship fell apart in the eighth episode, "Goodbye Island"[8]). In the television movie Rescue from Gilligan's Island, the castaways tie all their huts together and use that as a raft for escape, taking advantage of a tsunami's propulsion.

text: The second theme involves visitors to the uncharted island. One challenge to a viewer's suspension of disbelief is the remarkable frequency with which the island is visited by an assortment of people who repeatedly fail to assist the castaways in leaving the island. Some have hidden motives for not aiding the castaways. Others are simply unable to help, are incompetent, or are foiled in their efforts to help by Gilligan's bumbling. There were episodes in which look-alikes of each of Gilligan, Ginger, and Mr. Howell visit the island (played by the actors in dual roles. The island is also home to an unusual assortment of animal life, some native, some visiting.

text: The third recurring theme is the use of dream sequences in which one of the castaways "dreams" he or she is some character related to that week's storyline. All of the castaways appeared as other characters within the dream. In later interviews and memoirs, nearly all of the actors stated that the dream episodes were among their personal favorites.

text: The fourth recurring theme is a piece of news concerning the castaways arriving from the outside world that causes discord among them. Then, a second piece of news arrives that says the first was incorrect. An exception to the latter part of this statement is the episode "The Postman Cometh", where Gilligan and the Skipper hear over the radio that Mary Ann's boyfriend eloped and the three single men try to cheer her up by wooing her; Mary Ann actually lied about having a boyfriend, and she created a romance with "a real creep" so that the others would think she had someone waiting for her back home.

text: The fifth recurring theme is the appearance or arrival of strange objects, like a WWII mine, a crate of radioactive vegetable seeds, or a "Mars Rover" that the scientists back in the USA think is sending them pictures of Mars, and in one episode a meteorite.

text: Most of the slapstick comedic sequences between Hale and Denver were heavily inspired by Laurel and Hardy, particularly by Hale breaking the fourth wall by looking directly into the camera expressing his frustration with Denver's clumsiness as Oliver Hardy often did.[9]

text: Production[edit]

text: The show was filmed at the CBS Radford Studios complex in Studio City, Los Angeles.[10] The same stage was later used for The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Roseanne, which featured Gilligan's Island prominently on one episode. The lagoon was drained and used as a parking lot during the show's off-season and was the last surviving element of the show when it was demolished in 1997 as part of an expansion project.[11]

text: Four boats played the part of the SS Minnow. One was used in the opening credits and rented in Ala Wai Yacht Harbor in Honolulu. Another boat, the Bluejacket, was used in the opening credits shown during the second and third seasons and eventually turned up for sale on Vancouver Island in August 2006, after running aground on a reef in the Hecate Strait on the way south from Alaska. One boat was used for beach scenes after being towed to Kauai in Hawaii. The fourth Minnow was built on the CBS Studios set in the second season.[12] The Minnow was named in reference to Newton Minow, chairman of the U.S. FCC, who was most famous for describing television as "a vast wasteland".[13]

text: The final day of filming the pilot was Friday, November 22, 1963, the day of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.[14] The cast and crew found out about the assassination late that morning, Hawaii time.[14] Between the filming of scenes, they crowded around a radio, listening to news bulletins.[14] A reminder of the tragedy appears in the opening sequence of the show's first season, when the theme song is played. As the Minnow is leaving the harbor and heading out to sea, an American flag flying at half staff can be seen briefly in the background.[14][15]

text: The United States Coast Guard occasionally received telegrams from concerned citizens, who apparently did not realize it was a scripted show, pleading for them to rescue the people on the deserted island. The Coast Guard simply forwarded these telegrams to producer Sherwood Schwartz.[16] In homage to those telegrams, the film Rescue from Gilligan's Island showed the successful rescue where Gilligan lights a fire aboard the castaways' makeshift raft and is chastised for a thoughtless, dangerous action by the others. However, the resultant smoke attracts the attention of a US Coast Guard helicopter, whose pilot commends Gilligan's fire; otherwise the castaways would have been adrift and unnoticed.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The music and lyrics for the theme song, "The Ballad of Gilligan’s Isle", were written by Sherwood Schwartz and George Wyle. One version was used for the first season and another for the second and third seasons. In the original song, the Professor and Mary Ann, originally considered "second-billed co-stars", were referred to as "the rest", but with the growing popularity of those characters, their names were inserted into the lyrics in the second season. The Gilligan theme song underwent this one major change because star Bob Denver personally asked studio executives to add Johnson and Wells to the song.[17] When the studio at first refused, saying it would be too expensive to reshoot, Denver insisted, even going so far as to state that if Johnson and Wells were not included, he wanted his name out of the song, as well. The studio caved in, and "the Professor and Mary Ann" were added.[18][19][20]

text: The first-season version was recorded by the folk group The Wellingtons. The second-season version, which incorporated more of a sea shanty sound, was uncredited, but according to Russell Johnson in his book Here on Gilligan's Isle, it was performed by a group called the Eligibles.[21]

text: The show's original pilot episode featured a Calypso theme song by future film composer John Williams, and different lyrics. The original length of the voyage was "a six-hour ride", not "a three-hour tour".[22] John Williams (or Johnny Williams as he was often listed in the show credits) also started out as the composer of the incidental music for the show (from 1964 to 1965), but was replaced by Gerald Fried for the remaining seasons (1965–1967).[23]

text: Later parody and homage[edit]

text: The band Little Roger and the Goosebumps recorded "Stairway to Gilligan's Island," a parody of Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven", substituting the words to the Gilligan's Island theme song.[24] "Weird Al" Yankovic recorded a song called "Isle Thing", a parody of Tone Lōc's "Wild Thing", about a rapper whose girlfriend introduces him to the show. Yankovic also used one verse from the closing theme lyrics in "Amish Paradise" (1996), a parody of Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise" (1995). The song has also been covered by many bands, including Bowling for Soup for the TBS show The Real Gilligan's Island.[25] Israel Kamakawiwoʻole also recorded a comic tribute to the theme song on his album E Ala E.

text: Cancellation[edit]

text: During the 1966–1967 television season, Gilligan's Island aired on Monday nights at 7:30 p.m. Though the sitcom's ratings had fallen well out of the top-30 programs, during the last few weeks of its third season, the series was more than holding its own against its chief competitor, The Monkees, which aired at the same time on NBC-TV. Therefore, CBS assured Sherwood Schwartz that Gilligan's Island would definitely be picked up for a fourth year.

text: CBS, however, had signaled its intention to cancel the long-running Western series Gunsmoke, which had been airing late on Saturday nights during the 1966–1967 television season. Under pressure from CBS network president William S. Paley and his wife Babe, along with many network affiliates and longtime fans of Gunsmoke, CBS rescheduled the Western to an earlier time slot on Monday evenings at 7:30 p.m. As a result, Gilligan's Island was quietly cancelled at practically the last minute, while the cast members were all on vacation. Some of the cast had bought houses based on Sherwood Schwartz's verbal confirmation that the series would be renewed for a fourth season.[26]

text: Nielsen ratings/television schedule[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Season
Ep#
Season premiere
Season finale
Time slot
Rank
Rating
Households

1 (1964–1965)
36
September 26, 1964
June 12, 1965
Saturday nights at 8:30 p.m.
#18
24.7 (tie)
13,227,700

2 (1965–1966)
32
September 16, 1965
April 28, 1966
Thursday nights at 8:00 p.m.
#22
22.1
11,900,850

3 (1966–1967)
30
September 12, 1966
April 17, 1967
Monday nights at 7:30 p.m.
#49[27]
N/A
N/A

text: Film sequels[edit]

text: In a 1978 made-for-television movie, Rescue from Gilligan's Island, the castaways do successfully leave the island, but have difficulty reintegrating into society. During a reunion cruise on the first Christmas after their rescue, fate intervenes and they find themselves wrecked on the same island at the end of the film. It starred the original cast, except for Tina Louise, who refused to participate because of her disputes with the producers and was replaced by Judith Baldwin. The plot involved Soviet agents seeking a memory disc from a spy satellite that landed on the island and facilitated their rescue.

text: In a 1979 sequel, The Castaways on Gilligan's Island, they are rescued once again, and the Howells convert the island into a getaway resort with the other five castaways as "silent partners". Ginger was again played by Judith Baldwin.

text: In a second sequel, The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island (1981), villains played by Martin Landau and then-wife Barbara Bain try to take over the island to gain access to a vein of "supremium", a valuable but volatile element. This time, Ginger was played by Constance Forslund. They are thwarted by the timely intervention of the Harlem Globetrotters. Jim Backus, who was in poor health at the time, was written out of the script by saying Thurston Howell III was tending to Howell Industries back on the mainland. David Ruprecht played the role of his son, Thurston Howell IV, who was asked to manage the resort. However, Backus insisted on keeping continuity, and made a cameo appearance at the end of the film.

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: The New Adventures of Gilligan was a Filmation-produced animated remake that aired on ABC on Saturday mornings from September 7, 1974, to September 4, 1977, for 24 episodes (16 installments airing in 1974–75 and eight new ones combined with repeats in 1975–76). The voices were provided by the original cast except for Ginger and Mary Ann (both were voiced by Jane Webb). Dawn Wells could not participate because she was in an on-the-road play.[citation needed] An additional character was Gilligan's pet Snubby the Monkey.

text: Gilligan's Planet was an animated science-fiction version produced by Filmation and starring the voices of the Gilligan's Island cast, save for Tina Louise (Dawn Wells voiced both Mary Ann and Ginger). In a follow-up to The New Adventures of Gilligan, the castaways escape from the island by building a spaceship, and get shipwrecked on a distant planet. Only 12 episodes aired on CBS between September 18, 1982, and September 3, 1983. In the episode "Let Sleeping Minnows Lie", they travel to an island, get shipwrecked there, and Gilligan observes, "First we were stranded on an island, then we were stranded on a planet, and now we're stranded on an island on a planet."

text: Reunions and documentaries[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Good Morning America featured a Gilligan's Island reunion presided over by guest host Kathie Lee Gifford on November 26, 1982. The entire cast was present, except for Jim Backus who was unable to attend. Backus appeared via a live video remote from Los Angeles.

text: All seven of the original cast members (along with Sherwood Schwartz) reunited on television for one last time on a 1988 episode of The Late Show with Ross Shafer.

text: Gilligan's Island: Underneath the Grass Skirt is a 1999 documentary featuring Denver and Louise.

text: E! True Hollywood Story presented a backstage history of the show in 2000, featuring interviews with some of the stars or their widows.

text: Surviving Gilligan's Island (2001) was a docudrama in which Bob Denver, Dawn Wells, and Russell Johnson reminisce about the show.

text: Related productions[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Gilligan's Island: The Musical was first produced in the early 1990s, with a script by Lloyd Schwartz, Sherwood Schwartz's son, and songs by Schwartz's daughter and son-in-law, Hope and Laurence Juber. After extensive revisions, since 2001 it has been produced at
Gilligan's Wake is a 2003 parallel novel loosely based on the 1960s CBS sitcom, from the viewpoints of the seven major characters, written by Esquire film and television critic Tom Carson. The title is derived from the title of the TV show and Finnegans Wake, the seminal work of Irish novelist James Joyce.
On November 30, 2004, the TBS network launched a reality series titled The Real Gilligan's Island, which placed two groups of people on an island, leaving them to fend for themselves in the manner of Survivor – the catch being that each islander matched a character type established in the original series (a klutz, a sea captain, a movie star, a millionaire's wife, etc.). While heavily marketed by TBS, the show turned out to be a flop with a very Survivor-like feel, but little of its success. A second season began June 8, 2005, with two-hour episodes for four weeks. TBS announced in July 2005 that a third season of the show would not be produced.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: Syndication is handled by Warner Bros. Television (under Turner Entertainment Co., which in 1986 acquired UA's share of the series as part of the classic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer library). It has aired on TBS from 1990 to 2003, where it also aired with colorization on season one for a while. TNT aired it at some point in the 1990s, and also aired the colorized season one. Nick at Nite later aired the series from 2000 to 2001. It then shifted to TV Land, where it aired from 2001 to 2003 (and again from January to June 2014). Then, in 2004, it aired on Hallmark Channel.

text: As of 2015, the show aired nationally on both TV Land and MeTV.[1]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Warner Home Video released all three seasons of Gilligan's Island on DVD in Region 1 between 2004 and 2005. The Complete First Season features all 36 episodes unedited with the original theme song. And, unlike other releases of older sitcoms, the episodes are in their original black-and-white format. The special features include the rare pilot episode with commentary with creator Sherwood Schwartz, and three other featurettes.

text: The Complete Second Season includes all 32 season-two episodes and mentions in an interesting way that this season is in color. Bonuses for this set include: a season-two introduction with Russell Johnson and Sherwood Schwartz and audio commentary on the season's third episode, "The Little Dictator".

text: The Complete Third Season includes all 30 season-three episodes and uses words from the theme song on the back: "Just sit right back... for the final season!" Special features include a season introduction with Russell Johnson and Sherwood Schwartz, commentary on the season's fourth episode, "The Producer", guest-starring Phil Silvers, and a 15-minute documentary entitled Gilligan's Island: A Pop Culture Phenomenon.

text: The Complete Series Collection contains all the same bonuses and featurettes, no added features for a complete series box set. All these releases were double-sided discs (which require flipping disc over), and came in boxed sets, containing three discs per season.

text: In April 2012, the series was reissued in new DVD releases, with six episodes per disc and six discs per season, except for season 3, which only has five.

text:
DVD name
Ep#
Release date

The Complete First Season
36
February 3, 2004

The Complete Second Season
32
January 11, 2005

The Complete Third Season
30
July 26, 2005

The Complete Series Collection
98
November 6, 2007

text: Digitally remastered in high definition[edit]

text: In August 2006, an executive at Warner Bros. announced plans that Gilligan's Island, in addition to other classic TV series owned by the studio, would be digitally re-mastered in HD.[28] The original TV series was shot on high resolution film, but scaled down for broadcast.

text: On January 20, 2014, TV Land became the first network to air theatrical-style widescreen HD remastered episodes of Gilligan's Island. This marked the first time the WB remastered episodes were seen by fans and the general public.[29]

text: HD remastered episodes have been made available for purchase through streaming media sources.

text: In other media[edit]

text: A video game based on the series called The Adventures of Gilligan's Island was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in July 1990. The game features the likenesses of all the original castaways except for Ginger, who is completely absent from the game.

text: A pinball machine, manufactured by BALLY, based on the show was released in May 1991.

text: Film remake[edit]

text: Rights to the series were purchased, with an eye towards creating a movie scheduled for release March 30, 2012.[30] When Sherwood Schwartz signed a deal granting all rights to the movie, he reportedly said, "[It] just happened in the last 48 hours. I can’t take this much excitement at my age." Schwartz also said he would love to see Michael Cera as Gilligan and Beyoncé Knowles as Ginger.[31]

text: On December 17, 2013, Deadline Hollywood reported that Josh Gad would star and co-write the film with Benji Samit and Dan Hernandez.[32]

text: Ginger or Mary Ann?[edit]

text: The question of which of these two characters men prefer has endured long after the end of the series.[33][34] The question has inspired commercials,[35] essays, videos, and a sermon.[36] By most accounts, the wholesome, down-to-earth Mary Ann has consistently outpolled the glamorous bombshell movie-star Ginger by a sizable margin.[37] Bob Denver admitted he was a Mary Ann fan.[34] According to Bob Denver in a 2001 interview, Wells received 3,000–5,000 fan letters weekly, whereas Louise may have gotten 1,500 or 2,000.[38][39]