document_title: Mohra

question_text: tu cheez badi hai mast mast old song singer name

text: Mohra

text: Plot[edit]

text: Vishal Agnihotri (Sunil Shetty), a convict, is imprisoned for the murder of a group of four criminals who had brutally raped and killed his sister-in-law. Vishal tries to get justice in court, but is unsuccessful and the men are released from prison with the help of a corrupt lawyer. The criminals then visit Vishal's home because he tried to file a case against them. The four criminals try to rape Vishal's wife Priya (Poonam Jhawer), but she kills herself with a knife. Angered at all this, Vishal decides to take the matter into his own hands and murders the four criminals himself. He is sentenced to life in prison for the crimes.

text: When journalist Roma Singh (Raveena Tandon) visits the jail for a report that she's writing, a few of the convicts try to rape her. The attempted rape reminds Vishal of his misfortune and he intervenes and saves Roma. Roma hears Vishal's story and decides to help free him. She is heard by a blind businessman - Mr. Jindal (Naseeruddin Shah) who tries to recruit Vishal as a hit-man. He wants Vishal to kill some anti-social elements in the city, mainly the two powerful drug lords Jibran (Raza Murad) and Tyson (Gulshan Grover) and all the people who work for them. Mr. Jindal tells Vishal that these drug lords are responsible for creating people like the group of four men he killed in the first place, by bringing drugs to the streets and corrupting the locals. Vishal refuses at first as he has just got out of prison, and now wants to live a normal life. However, the memories of his murdered family come back to haunt him as he spends a day alone in his home, and he agrees to work for Jindal.

text: Inspector Sahoo (Paresh Rawal) is very greedy and becomes an informer for Jibran, one of the targeted drug lords. He discloses all internal matters of the police department to Jibran in return for money.

text: Police Inspector Amar Saxena (Akshay Kumar) is trying to catch the drug-trading suspects. He is unhappy about the release of Vishal, who he believes deserves to be in prison because of the murders he committed. Things become even more complicated when Amar finds Vishal at most of the murder scenes of criminals involved in drug-trading. Vishal goes on a murder spree, until he realizes that even the Commissioner (Sadashiv Amrapurkar) thinks that the unknown murderer is doing more to help society than police could ever do. Vishal refuses to kill the Commissioner, thus angering his boss, Jindal. Vishal attacks Jindal with a paper-weight, but Jindal dodges it. Vishal then realizes that Jindal is not blind and is the real antagonist, as he was pulling the strings all this time.

text: Jindal tells Vishal that Jibran and Tyson were his rivals. He also confesses that he murdered his wife Pooja (Priya Tendulkar) and Inspector Karan Saxena (who happens to be Amar's father), to cover up the truth, and faked his blindness to throw the police off his trail. Jindal, who has now partnered with his former enemy, Jibran, leaves Vishal to die. Vishal escapes, only to be confronted by Amar. Vishal subdues Amar and tells him the truth. Inspector Sahoo, who is brought to Jindal by Jibran to give him important information about Vishal, tells him that Vishal is alive and will tell the entire truth to Amar and the Commissioner by the next morning. Then Jindal kidnaps the journalist, Roma, and kills the sub-editor Siddiqui, who tries to save Roma. Amar, Vishal and the Commissioner go to Jindal's home to arrest him, but they find the sub-editor, Siddiqui, brutally murdered at his home. They discover that Jindal has kidnapped Roma in order to forcefully marry her. Amar and Vishal find Jindal's den with the help of Inspector Sahoo and corner him.

text: After a melee, Jibran is killed. Jindal tries to kill Amar, but Vishal takes the bullet and dies in Amar's lap. Amar kills Jindal and avenges the death of Vishal and his father.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Akshay Kumar as Inspector Amar Saxena
Suniel Shetty as Vishal Agnihotri
Raveena Tandon as Roma Singh, Amar's love interest
Naseeruddin Shah as Mr Jindal
Poonam Jhawer as Priya Agnihotri, Vishal's wife
Paresh Rawal as Kashinath Sahoo, Sub inspector of Police
Sadashiv Amrapurkar as Kamdev Kulkarni, Commissioner of Police
Gulshan Grover as Tyson, the drug lord
Raza Murad as Jibran, another drug lord, rival of Tyson
Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Jailer, Roma's Dad
Avtar Gill as Karan Saxena, Amar's dad
Priya Tendulkar as Pooja (Special Appearance)
Kunika as Flora
Tej Sapru as Irfan
Vishwajeet Pradhan as Jackson
Yunus Parvez as Siddiqui
Vinay Sapru as Tony
Harish Patel as Kranti Kumar
Aparajita as Mrs Saxena
John Gabriel as Rampal
Gopal Poojari as Gopal Pujari
Rashid Mehta as Rashid
Razak Khan as Rizwaan (Jibraan's Brother)

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The music for the film was composed by Viju Shah, with lyrics by Indeevar and Anand Bakshi.[6] Mohra was one of the most successful soundtrack albums of 1994, especially the song "Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast". Initially, Viju Shah wanted Sapna Mukherjee to render "Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast" but, upon Rajiv Rai's insistence, opted for Kavita Krishnamurthy instead. The track is based on the popular qawwali "Dam Mast Qalandar", by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan.[7] The album was the second highest selling of 1994. The song "Na Kajare Ki Dhar" was originally composed by Kalyanji-Anandji, but wasn't released as the movie was shelved in 1980. The song was originally sung by Mukesh.

text:
#
Title
Singer(s)

1
"Tip Tip Barsa Paani"
Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik

2
"Aye Kaash Kaheen Aisa Hota"
Kumar Sanu

3
"Main Cheez Badi Hoon Mast"
Kavita Krishnamurthy

4
"Na Kajre Ki Dhar"
Pankaj Udhas, Sadhana Sargam

5
"Na Kajre Ki Dhar" (Part 1)
Pankaj Udhas

6
"Na Kajre Ki Dhar" (Part 2)
Sadhana Sargam

7
"Subah Se Lekar"
Sadhana Sargam, Udit Narayan

8
"Dil Har Koi"
Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik

9
"Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast Mast"
Udit Narayan, Kavita Krishnamurthy


document_title: Art song

question_text: what became the standard german term for the art song

root

text: Art song

text: Languages and nationalities[edit]

text: Art songs have been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The German tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French vocal pieces referred to as chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to art songs.

tag: p

text: Form[edit]

text: The composer's musical language and interpretation of the text often dictate the formal design of an art song. If all of the poem's verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are often strophic,[1] and "there are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an almost hypnotic monotony is desired."[1] Several of the songs in Schubert's Die schöne Müllerin are good examples of this. If the vocal melody remains the same but the accompaniment changes under it for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" song. In contrast, songs in which "each section of the text receives fresh music"[1] are called through-composed. Most through-composed works have some repetition of musical material in them. Many art songs use some version of the ABA form (also known as "song form" or "ternary form"), with a beginning musical section, a contrasting middle section, and a return to the first section's music. In some cases, in the return to the first section's music, the composer may make minor changes.

text: Performance and performers[edit]

text: Performance of art songs in recital requires special skills for both the singer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"[1] requires that the two performers "communicate to the audience the most subtle and evanescent emotions as expressed in the poem and music."[1] The two performers must agree on all aspects of the performance to create a unified partnership, making art song performance one of the "most sensitive type(s) of collaboration".[1] As well, the pianist must be able to closely match the mood and character expressed by the singer. Even though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers as soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today's most prominent singers have built their careers primarily by singing art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, too, have specialized in playing art songs with great singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are four such pianists who have specialized in accompanying art song performances. The piano parts in art songs can be so complex that the piano part is not really a subordinate accompaniment part; the pianist in challenging art songs is more of an equal partner with the solo singer. As such, some pianists who specialize in performing art song recitals with singers refer to themselves as "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.

text: Composers[edit]

text: British[edit]

text:
John Dowland
Thomas Campion
Hubert Parry
Henry Purcell
Frederick Delius
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Roger Quilter
John Ireland
Ivor Gurney
Peter Warlock
Michael Head
Gerald Finzi
Benjamin Britten
Morfydd Llwyn Owen
Michael Tippett
Ian Venables
Judith Weir
George Butterworth
Francis George Scott

tag: ul

text: American[edit]

text:
Amy Beach
Arthur Farwell
Charles Ives
Charles Griffes
Ernst Bacon
John Jacob Niles
John Woods Duke
Ned Rorem
Richard Faith
Samuel Barber
Aaron Copland
Lee Hoiby
William Bolcom
Daron Hagen
Richard Hundley
Emma Lou Diemer

text: Austrian and German[edit]

text:
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Franz Schubert
Hugo Wolf
Gustav Mahler
Alban Berg
Arnold Schoenberg
Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Viktor Ullmann
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Ludwig van Beethoven
Johann Carl Gottfried Loewe
Fanny Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn
Robert Schumann
Clara Schumann
Johannes Brahms
Richard Strauss
Hanns Eisler
Kurt Weill

text: French[edit]

text:
Hector Berlioz
Charles Gounod
Pauline Viardot
César Franck
Camille Saint-Saëns
Georges Bizet
Emmanuel Chabrier
Henri Duparc
Jules Massenet
Gabriel Fauré
Claude Debussy
Erik Satie
Albert Roussel
Maurice Ravel
Jules Massenet
Darius Milhaud
Reynaldo Hahn
Francis Poulenc
Olivier Messiaen

text: Romanian[edit]

text: George Enescu

text: Spanish[edit]

text: 19th century:

text:
Francisco Asenjo Barbieri
Ramón Carnicer y Batlle
Ruperto Chapí
Antonio de la Cruz
Manuel Fernández Caballero
Manuel García
Sebastián de Iradier
José León
Cristóbal Oudrid
Antonio Reparaz
Emilio Serrano y Ruiz
Fernando Sor
Joaquín Valverde
Amadeo Vives

text: 20th century:

text:
Enrique Granados
Manuel de Falla
Joaquín Rodrigo
Joaquín Turina
David del Puerto

text: Latin American[edit]

text: In Spanish:

text:
Roberto Caamaño – Argentina
Hector Campos-Parsi – Puerto Rico
Pompeyo Camps – Argentina
Carlos Chávez – Mexico (also in German and English)
Alberto Ginastera – Argentina
Carlos Guastavino – Argentina
Mario Lavista – Mexico
Jaime León Ferro – Colombia
Julián Orbón – Cuba
Juan Orrego-Salas – Chile
Carlos Pedrell – Uruguay
Juan Bautista Plaza – Venezuela
Manuel Ponce – Mexico
Silvestre Revueltas – Mexico
Miguel Sandoval – Guatemala
Domingo Santa Cruz – Chile
Andrés Sas – Peru
Guillermo Uribe-Holguín – Colombia
Aurelio de la Vega – Cuba

text: In Portuguese (all Brazilian):

text:
Ernani Braga
Camargo Guarnieri
Osvaldo Lacerda
Jaime Ovalle
Heitor Villa-Lobos (also songs in Italian, French, English, Spanish, Nheengatu, and Latin)

text: Italian[edit]

text:
Claudio Monteverdi
Gioachino Rossini
Gaetano Donizetti
Vincenzo Bellini
Giuseppe Verdi
Amilcare Ponchielli
Paolo Tosti
Ottorino Respighi
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
Luciano Berio
Lorenzo Ferrero

text: Eastern European[edit]

text:
Franz Liszt – Hungary (nearly all his art song settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such as French and German)
Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Béla Bartók – Hungary
Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
Frédéric Chopin – Poland
Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland

text: Nordic[edit]

text:
Edvard Grieg – Norway (set German as well as Norse and Danish poetry)
Jean Sibelius – Finland (set both Finnish and Swedish)
Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
Carl Nielsen – Denmark

text: Russian[edit]

text:
Mikhail Glinka
Alexander Borodin
César Cui
Nikolai Medtner
Modest Mussorgsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Alexander Glazunov
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Prokofiev
Igor Stravinsky
Dmitri Shostakovich

text: Ukrainian[edit]

text:
Vasyl Barvinsky[11]
Stanyslav Lyudkevych[11]
Mykola Lysenko
Nestor Nyzhankivsky
Ostap Nyzhankivsky
Denys Sichynsky[11]
Myroslav Skoryk
Ihor Sonevytsky
Yakiv Stepovy
Kyrylo Stetsenko

text: Asian[edit]

text:
Nicanor Abelardo (Philippines)
Ananda Sukarlan (Indonesia)

text: Afrikaans[edit]

text:
Jellmar Ponticha
Stephanus Le Roux Marais


question_text: india's communications satellite insat-4b was launched from

question_tokens: india 's communications satellite insat-4b was launched from

text:
INSAT-4B
Mission type
CommunicationsOperator
INSATCOSPAR ID
2007-007ASATCAT no.
30793Mission duration
12 years

Spacecraft propertiesBus
I-3KManufacturer
ISROLaunch mass
3,028 kilograms (6,676 lb)Dry mass
1,335 kilograms (2,943 lb)

Start of missionLaunch date
11 March 2007, 22:03 (2007-03-11UTC22:03Z) UTC[1]Rocket
Ariane 5ECALaunch site
Kourou ELA-3Contractor
Arianespace

Orbital parametersReference system
GeocentricRegime
GeostationaryLongitude
93.48° E (Relocated to 111.2° E on 18 December 2017)Semi-major axis
42,163.57 kilometres (26,199.23 mi)Eccentricity
0.0003909Perigee
35,776 kilometres (22,230 mi)Apogee
35,809 kilometres (22,251 mi)Inclination
0.07 degreesPeriod
23.93 hoursEpoch
11 November 2013, 22:16:22 UTC[2]

tag: table

text: INSAT-4B is an Indian communications satellite which forms part of the Indian National Satellite System. Launched in 2007, it is operated in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 93.48° east.[3]

text: Built by the Indian Space Research Organisation, INSAT-4B is based upon the I-3K satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of 3,028 kilograms (6,676 lb), with a dry mass of 1,335 kilograms (2,943 lb) and was expected to operate for twelve years. Two solar arrays power the satellite, while its communications payload consists of twelve C and twelve Ku band transponders.[4]

text: Arianespace was contracted to launch INSAT-4B using an Ariane 5 ECA carrier rocket. The launch occurred on 11 March 2007 at 22:03 UTC, from ELA-3 at Kourou.[1] The Skynet 5A military communications satellite for the British Ministry of Defence was launched aboard the same rocket.

text: INSAT-4B was successfully inserted into geosynchronous transfer orbit, from which it raised itself into geostationary orbit using a liquid-fuelled apogee motor.[4] It received the International Designator 2007-007A and Satellite Catalog Number 30793.[5] As of 11 November 2013, it is in an orbit with a perigee of 35,776 kilometres (22,230 mi), an apogee of 35,809 kilometres (22,251 mi), inclination of 0.07 degrees and an orbital period of 23.93 hours.[2]

text: Partial power failure[edit]

text: On 10 July 2010 INSAT-4B suffered a disruption in power supply from one of the two solar panels, rendering half of its transponder capacity useless. After review the cause of malfunction was found out to be electric arcing in slip ring of one of the solar panels.[6] Similar partial power supply failure also affected Eutelsat W2M now known as Afghansat 1 and caused delay in launch of GSAT-8 due to required design changes in relevant power systems of satellite bus.[7][8]

text: Relocation[edit]

text: On 11 November 2017, INSAT-4B maneuvered to lower its altitude and drifted eastward to reach new slot at 111.2°E on 18 December 2017.[9]


document_title: Juventus F.C.

question_text: what country is the soccer team juventus from

question_tokens: what country is the soccer team juventus from

text: Juventus F.C.

text: History

text: Early years

text: Juventus were founded as Sport-Club Juventus in late 1897 by pupils from the Massimo D'Azeglio Lyceum school in Turin,[27] but were renamed as Foot-Ball Club Juventus two years later.[2] The club joined the Italian Football Championship during 1900. In 1904, the businessman Ajmone-Marsan revived the finances of the football club Juventus, making it also possible to transfer the training field from piazza d'armi to the more appropriate Velodrome Umberto I. During this period, the team wore a pink and black kit. Juventus first won the league championship in 1905 while playing at their Velodrome Umberto I ground. By this time the club colours had changed to black and white stripes, inspired by English side Notts County.[28]

text: There was a split at the club in 1906, after some of the staff considered moving Juve out of Turin.[2] President Alfred Dick[c] was unhappy with this and left with some prominent players to found FBC Torino which in turn spawned the Derby della Mole.[29] Juventus spent much of this period steadily rebuilding after the split, surviving the First World War.[28]

text: League dominance

text: FIAT owner Edoardo Agnelli gained control of the club in 1923 and built a new stadium.[2] This helped the club to its second scudetto (league championship) in the 1925–26 season, after beating Alba Roma with an aggregate score of 12–1 (Antonio Vojak's goals were essential that season).[28] The club established itself as a major force in Italian football since the 1930s, becoming the country's first professional club and the first with a decentralised fan base,[30] which led it to win a record of five consecutive Italian championships (the first four under the management of Carlo Carcano) and form the core of the Italy national team during the Vittorio Pozzo's era, including the 1934 world champion squad,[31] with star players such as Raimundo Orsi, Luigi Bertolini, Giovanni Ferrari and Luis Monti, among others.

text: Juventus moved to the Stadio Comunale, but for the rest of the 1930s and the majority of the 1940s they were unable to recapture championship dominance. After the Second World War, Gianni Agnelli was appointed honorary president.[2] The club added two more league championships to its name in the 1949–50 and 1951–52 seasons, the latter of which was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver. Two new strikers were signed during 1957–58: Welshman John Charles and Italian Argentine Omar Sívori, playing alongside longtime member Giampiero Boniperti. That season saw Juventus awarded with the Golden Star for Sport Excellence to wear on their shirts after becoming the first Italian side to win ten league titles. In the same season, Sívori became the first ever player at the club to win the European Footballer of the Year.[32] The following season, they beat Fiorentina to complete their first league and cup double, winning Serie A and Coppa Italia. Boniperti retired in 1961 as the all-time top scorer at the club, with 182 goals in all competitions, a club record which stood for 45 years.[33]

text: During the rest of the decade, the club won the league just once more in 1966–67.[28] However, the 1970s saw Juventus further solidify their strong position in Italian football. Under former player Čestmír Vycpálek, they won the scudetto in 1971–72 and 1972–73,[28] with players such as Roberto Bettega, Franco Causio and José Altafini breaking through. During the rest of the decade, they won the league twice more, with defender Gaetano Scirea contributing significantly. The later win was under Giovanni Trapattoni, who also led the club to their first ever major European title (the UEFA Cup) in 1977 and helped the club's domination continue on into the early part of the 1980s.[34] During Trapattoni's tenure, many Juventus players also formed the backbone of the Italy national team during Enzo Bearzot's successful managerial era, including the 1978 World Cup, UEFA Euro 1980 and 1982 world champion squads.[35][36]

text: European stage

text: The Trapattoni era was highly successful in the 1980s and the club started the decade off well, winning the league title three more times by 1984.[28] This meant Juventus had won 20 Italian league titles and were allowed to add a second golden star to their shirt, thus becoming the only Italian club to achieve this.[34] Around this time, the club's players were attracting considerable attention and Paolo Rossi was named European Footballer of the Year following his contribution to Italy's victory in the 1982 World Cup, where he was named Player of the Tournament.[37]

text:
Frenchman Michel Platini was also awarded the European Footballer of the Year title for three years in a row in 1983, 1984 and 1985, which is a record.[32] Juventus are the only club to have players from their club winning the award in four consecutive years.[32] It was Platini who scored the winning goal in the 1985 European Cup final against Liverpool, but this was marred by a tragedy which changed European football.[38] That year, Juventus became the first club in the history of European football to have won all three major UEFA competitions[16][39] and, after their triumph in the Intercontinental Cup, the club also became the first, and thus far, the only in association football history, to have won all possible confederation competitions,[40](The Technician (UEFA) 2010:5) an achievement that it revalidated with the title won in the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup.[18]
With the exception of winning the closely contested Italian Championship of 1985–86, the rest of the 1980s were not very successful for the club. As well as having to contend with Diego Maradona's Napoli, both of the Milanese clubs, Milan and Internazionale, won Italian championships. However, Juventus did win a Coppa Italia-UEFA Cup double in 1990 under the guidance of former club legend Dino Zoff.[28] In 1990, Juventus also moved into their new home, the Stadio delle Alpi, which was built for the 1990 World Cup.[41] Despite the arrival of Italian star Roberto Baggio later that year for a world record transfer fee, the early 1990s under Luigi Maifredi and subsequently Trapattoni once again also saw little success for Juventus, as they only managed to win the UEFA Cup in 1993.[42]

text: Second Champions League and first Supercoppa Italiana titles

text: Marcello Lippi took over as Juventus manager at the start of the 1994–95 campaign.[2] His first season at the helm of the club was a successful one, as Juventus recorded their first Serie A championship title since the mid-1980s, as well as the Coppa Italia.[28] The crop of players during this period featured Ciro Ferrara, Roberto Baggio, Gianluca Vialli and a young Alessandro Del Piero. Lippi led Juventus to their first Supercoppa Italiana and the Champions League the following season, beating Ajax on penalties after a 1–1 draw in which Fabrizio Ravanelli scored for Juventus.[43]

text: The club did not rest long after winning the European Cup: more highly regarded players were brought into the fold in the form of Zinedine Zidane, Filippo Inzaghi and Edgar Davids. At home, Juventus won the 1996–97 and 1997–98 Serie A titles, as well as the 1996 UEFA Super Cup[44] and the 1996 Intercontinental Cup.[45] Juventus reached the 1997 and 1998 Champions League finals during this period, but lost out to Borussia Dortmund and Real Madrid respectively.[46][47]

text: After a two-and-a-half-season absence, Lippi returned to the club in 2001, following his replacement Carlo Ancelotti's dismissal, signing big name players such as Gianluigi Buffon, David Trezeguet, Pavel Nedvěd and Lilian Thuram, helping the team to two more scudetto titles during the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons.[28] Juventus were also part of an all Italian Champions League final in 2003, but lost out to Milan on penalties after the game ended in a 0–0 draw. At the conclusion of the following season, Lippi was appointed as the Italy national team's head coach, bringing an end to one of the most fruitful managerial spells in Juventus' history.[34]

text: Calciopoli scandal

text: Fabio Capello was appointed as Juventus' coach in 2004 and led the club to two more consecutive Serie A titles. In May 2006, Juventus became one of the five clubs linked to a 2006 Italian football scandal, the result of which saw the club relegated to Serie B for the first time in its history. The club was also stripped of the two titles won under Capello in 2005 and 2006.[48]

text: Many key players left following their relegation to Serie B, including Lillian Thuram, star striker Zlatan Ibrahimović and defensive stalwart Fabio Cannavaro. However, other big name players such as Alessandro Del Piero, Gianluigi Buffon, David Trezeguet and Pavel Nedvěd remained to help the club return to Serie A, while youngsters from the Primavera (youth team), such as Sebastian Giovinco and Claudio Marchisio, were integrated into the first team. Juventus won the Cadetti (Serie B championship) and gained promotion straight back up to the top division as league winners after the 2006–07 season,[49] as captain Del Piero claimed the top scorer award with 21 goals.

text: As early as 2010, Juventus considered challenging the stripping of their scudetti from 2005 and 2006, dependent on the results of trials connected to the 2006 scandal.[50] Subsequent investigations found in 2011 that Juventus' relegation in 2006 was without merit.[51] When former general manager Luciano Moggi's conviction in criminal court in connection with the scandal was thrown out by an appeals court in 2015, the club sued the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) for €443 million for damages caused by their 2006 relegation. FIGC president Carlo Tavecchio offered to discuss reinstatement of the lost scudetti in exchange for Juventus dropping the lawsuit.[51]

text: Return to Serie A

text: After returning to Serie A in the 2007–08 season, Juventus appointed Claudio Ranieri as manager.[52] They finished in third place in their first season back in the top flight and qualified for the Champions League third qualifying round in the preliminary stages. Juventus reached the group stages, where they beat Real Madrid in both home and away legs, before losing in the knockout round to Chelsea. Ranieri was sacked following a string of unsuccessful results and Ciro Ferrara was appointed as manager on a temporary basis for the last two games of the 2008–09 season,[53] before being subsequently appointed as the manager for the 2009–10 season.[54]

text: Ferrara's stint as Juventus manager, however, proved to be unsuccessful, with Juventus knocked out of Champions League and Coppa Italia, as well as just lying on the sixth place in the league table at the end of January 2010, leading to the dismissal of Ferrara and the naming of Alberto Zaccheroni as caretaker manager. Zaccheroni could not help the side improve, as Juventus finished the season in seventh place in Serie A. For the 2010–11 season, Jean-Claude Blanc was replaced by Andrea Agnelli as the club's president. Agnelli's first action was to replace Zaccheroni and director of sport Alessio Secco with Sampdoria manager Luigi Delneri and director of sport Giuseppe Marotta.[55] However, Delneri failed to improve their fortunes and was dismissed. Former player and fan favourite Antonio Conte, fresh after winning promotion with Siena, was named as Delneri's replacement.[56] In September 2011, Juventus relocated to the new Juventus Stadium.[57]

text: Historic four consecutive doubles and seven consecutive league titles

text: With Conte as manager, Juventus went unbeaten for the entire 2011–12 Serie A season. Towards the second half of the season, the team was mostly competing with northern rivals Milan for first place in a tight contest. Juventus won the title on the 37th matchday after beating Cagliari 2–0 and Milan losing to Internazionale 4–2. After a 3–1 win in the final matchday against Atalanta, Juventus became the first team to go the season unbeaten in the current 38-game format.[58] Other noteworthy achievements included the biggest away win (5–0 at Fiorentina), best defensive record (20 goals conceded, fewest ever in the current league format) in Serie A and second best in the top six European leagues that year.[59] In 2013–14, Juventus won a third consecutive scudetto with a record 102 points and 33 wins.[60][61] The title was the 30th official league championship in the club's history.[62] They also achieved the semi-finals of Europa League, where they were eliminated at home against ten-man Benfica's catenaccio, missing the final at the Juventus Stadium.[63][64]

text: In 2014–15, Massimiliano Allegri was appointed as manager, with whom Juventus won their 31st official title, making it a fourth-straight, as well as achieving a record tenth Coppa Italia for the double.[65] The club also beat Real Madrid in the semi finals of the Champions League 3–2 on aggregate to face Barcelona in the final in Berlin for the first time since the 2002–03 Champions League.[66] Juventus lost the final to Barcelona 3–1 after an early fourth-minute goal from Ivan Rakitić, followed by an Álvaro Morata equalizer in the 55th minute. Then Barcelona took the lead again with a goal from Luis Suárez in the 70th minute, followed by a final minute goal by Neymar as Juventus were caught out on the counterattack.[67] On 14 December 2015, Juventus won the Serie A Football Club of the Year award for the 2014–15 season, the fourth time in succession.[68] On 25 April 2016, the club won their fifth-straight title (and 32nd overall) since last winning five-straight between 1930–31 and 1934–35, after second place Napoli lost to Roma to give Juventus mathematical certainty of the title with three games to spare; last losing to Sassuolo on 25 October 2015, which left them in 12th place, before taking 73 points of a possible 75.[69] On 21 May, the club then won the Coppa Italia for the 11th time and their second-straight title, becoming the first team in Italy's history to complete Serie A and Coppa Italia doubles in back-to-back seasons.[70][71][72]

text: On 17 May 2017, Juventus won their 12th Coppa Italia title in a 2–0 win over Lazio (the first team to win three consecutive championships).[73] Four days later on 21 May, Juventus became the first team to win six consecutive Serie A titles.[74] On 3 June 2017, Juventus reached a second Champions League Final in three years, but were defeated 1–4 by defending champions Real Madrid—a stampede in Turin happened ten minutes before the end of the match.[75][76] On 1 June 2017 Juventus announced the creation of Juventus Women team by acquiring the Women's Serie A licence of Cuneo Calcio Femminile.[77][78][79] On 9 May 2018, Juventus won their 13th Coppa Italia title, and fourth in a row, in a 4–0 win over Milan, extending the all-time record of successive Coppa Italia titles.[80] Four days later on 13 May, Juventus secured their seventh consecutive Serie A title, extending the all-time record of successive triumphs in the competition.[81] On 20 May 2018 the newly created women's team also won the national title in their first participation in Women's Serie A.[82]

text: Colours, badge, nicknames and symbols

text: Juventus have played in black and white striped shirts, with white shorts, sometimes black shorts since 1903. Originally, they played in pink shirts with a black tie. The father of one of the players made the earliest shirts, but continual washing faded the colour so much that in 1903 the club sought to replace them.[83] Juventus asked one of their team members, Englishman John Savage, if he had any contacts in England who could supply new shirts in a colour that would better withstand the elements. He had a friend who lived in Nottingham, who being a Notts County supporter, shipped out the black and white striped shirts to Turin.[83] Juventus have worn the shirts ever since, considering the colours to be aggressive and powerful.[83]

text: Juventus's official emblem has undergone different and small modifications since the 1920s. The previous modification of the Juventus badge took place in 2004, when the emblem of the team changed to a black-and-white oval shield of a type used by Italian ecclesiastics. It is divided in five vertical stripes: two white stripes and three black stripes, inside which are the following elements, while in its upper section the name of the society superimposed on a white convex section, over golden curvature (gold for honour). The white silhouette of a charging bull is in the lower section of the oval shield, superimposed on a black old French shield and the charging bull is a symbol of the comune of Turin. There is also a black silhouette of a mural crown above the black spherical triangle's base. This is a reminiscence to Augusta Tourinorum, the old city of the Roman era which the present capital of Piedmont region is its cultural heiress.

text: In January 2017, president Andrea Agnelli announced the most recent change to the Juventus badge, revealing a video showing the introduction of the new badge. The badge shows the word Juventus on top, with two capital Js shown together in different fonts with a small opening between them to almost make a bigger J. Agnelli said that the badge reflects "the Juventus way of living".[84] Juventus was the first team in association football history to adopt a star who added one above their badge in 1958 to represent their tenth Italian Football Championship and Serie A title, at the time and has since become popularized with other clubs as well.[85]

text: In the past, the convex section of the emblem had a blue colour (another symbol of Turin) and, furthermore, its shape was concave. The old French shield and the mural crown, also in the lower section of the emblem, had a considerably greater size with respect to the present. The two "Golden Stars for Sport Excellence" were located above the convex and concave section of Juventus' emblem. During the 1980s, the club emblem was the silhouette of a zebra, to both sides of the equide's head, the two golden stars and, above this badge, forming an arc, the club's name.

text: Juventus unofficially won their 30th league title in 2011–12, but a dispute with the FIGC, who stripped Juventus of their 2004–05 and 2005–06 titles due to their involvement in a 2006 Italian football scandal, left their official total at 28. However, they elected to wear no stars at all the following season.[86] Juventus won their 30th title in 2013–14 and thus earned the right to wear their third star, but club president Andrea Agnelli stated that the club suspended the use of the stars until another team wins their 20th championship, thus having the right to wear two stars, "to emphasise Juventus' superiority".[87] However, for the 2015–16 season, Juventus reintroduced the stars and added the third star to their jersey as well with new kit manufacturers Adidas, in addition to the Coppa Italia badge for winning their tenth Coppa Italia the previous season.[88][89] For the 2016–17 season, Juventus re-designed their kit with a different take on the trademark black and white stripes.[90] For the 2017–18 season, Juventus introduced the J shaped logo onto the kits.[91]

text: In September 2015, Juventus officially announced a new project called JKids for its junior supporters on its website. Along with this project, Juventus also introduced a new mascot to all its fans which is called J. J is a cartoon-designed zebra, black and white stripes with golden edge piping on its body, golden shining eyes, and three golden stars on the front of its neck.[92] J made its debut at Juventus Stadium on 12 September 2015.[93]

text: During its history, the club has acquired a number of nicknames, la Vecchia Signora (the Old Lady) being the best example. The "old" part of the nickname is a pun on Juventus which means "youth" in Latin. It was derived from the age of the Juventus star players towards the middle of the 1930s. The "lady" part of the nickname is how fans of the club affectionately referred to it before the 1930s. The club is also nicknamed la Fidanzata d'Italia (the Girlfriend of Italy), because over the years it has received a high level of support from Southern Italian immigrant workers (particularly from Naples and Palermo), who arrived in Turin to work for FIAT since the 1930s. Other nicknames include; [La] Madama (Piedmontese for: Madam), i bianconeri (the black-and-whites), le zebre (the zebras)[d] in reference to Juventus' colours. I gobbi (the hunchbacks) is the nickname that is used to define Juventus supporters, but is also used sometimes for team's players. The most widely accepted origin of gobbi dates to the fifties, when the bianconeri wore a large jersey. When players ran on the field, the jersey, which had a laced opening at the chest, generated a bulge over the back (a sort of parachute effect), making the players look hunchbacked.[94]

text: The official anthem of Juventus is Juve (storia di un grande amore), or Juve (story of a great love) in English, written by Alessandra Torre and Claudio Guidetti, in the version of the singer and musician Paolo Belli composed in 2007.[95] In 2016, a documentary film called Black and White Stripes: The Juventus Story was produced by the La Villa brothers about Juventus.[96] On 16 February 2018, the first three episodes of a docu-series called First Team: Juventus, which followed the club throughout the season, by spending time with the players behind the scenes both on and off the field, was released on Netflix; the other three episodes were released on 6 July 2018.[97]

text: Stadiums

text:
Allianz Stadium
Location
Corso Gaetano Scirea,5010151 Turin, ItalyOwner
Juventus F.C.Operator
Juventus F.C.Capacity
41,507 seatedConstructionBroke ground
1 March 2009Opened
8 September 2011Construction cost
€155,000,000[98]Architect
Hernando Suarez,Gino Zavanella,Giorgetto Giugiaro

text: After the first two years (1897 and 1898), during which Juventus played in the Parco del Valentino and Parco Cittadella, their matches were held in the Piazza d'Armi Stadium until 1908, except in 1905 (the first year of the scudetto) and in 1906, years in which it played at the Corso Re Umberto.

text: From 1909 to 1922, Juventus played their internal competitions at Corso Sebastopoli Camp before moving the following year to Corso Marsiglia Camp, where they remained until 1933, winning four league titles. At the end of 1933, they began to play at the new Stadio Mussolini stadium inaugurated for the 1934 World Championships. After the Second World War, the stadium was renamed as Stadio Comunale Vittorio Pozzo. Juventus played home matches at the ground for 57 years, a total of 890 league matches.[99] The team continued to host training sessions at the stadium until July 2003.[100]

text: From 1990 until the 2005–06 season, the Torinese side contested their home matches at Stadio delle Alpi, built for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, although in very rare circumstances the club played some home games in other stadia such as Renzo Barbera at Palermo, Dino Manuzzi at Cesena and the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza at Milan.[100]

text: In August 2006, Juventus returned to play in the Stadio Comunale, then known as Stadio Olimpico, after the restructuring of the stadium for the 2006 Winter Olympics onward. In November 2008, Juventus announced that they would invest around €120 million to build a new ground, the Juventus Stadium, on the site of delle Alpi.[101] Unlike the old ground, there is not a running track and instead the pitch is only 7.5 metres away from the stands.[3] The capacity is 41,507.[3] Work began during spring 2009 and the stadium was opened on 8 September 2011, ahead of the start of the 2011–12 season.[57] Since 1 July 2017, the Juventus Stadium is known commercially as the Allianz Stadium of Turin for six seasons until 30 June 2023.[102]

text: Supporters

text: Juventus is the best-supported football club in Italy, with over 12 million fans or tifosi, which represent approximately 34% of the total Italian football fans according to a research published in September 2016 by Italian research agency Demos & Pi,[21] as well as one of the most supported football clubs in the world, with over 300 million supporters (41 million in Europe alone),[22] particularly in the Mediterranean countries to which a large number of Italian diaspora have emigrated.[103] The Torinese side has fan clubs branches across the globe.[104]

text: Demand for Juventus tickets in occasional home games held away from Turin is high, suggesting that Juventus have stronger support in other parts of the country. Juventus is widely and especially popular throughout mainland Southern Italy, Sicily and Malta, leading the team to have one of the largest followings in its away matches,[105] more than in Turin itself.

text: Club rivalries

text: Juventus have significant rivalries with two clubs. Their traditional rivals are fellow Turin club Torino; matches between the two sides are known as the Derby della Mole (Turin Derby). The rivalry dates back to 1906 as Torino was founded by break-away Juventus players and staff. Their most high-profile rivalry is with Internazionale, another big Serie A club located in Milan, the capital of the neighbouring region of Lombardy. Matches between these two clubs are referred to as the Derby d'Italia (Derby of Italy) and the two regularly challenge each other at the top of the league table, hence the intense rivalry.[106] Until the Calciopoli scandal which saw Juventus forcibly relegated, the two were the only Italian clubs to have never played below Serie A. Notably, the two sides are the first and the second most supported clubs in Italy and the rivalry has intensified since the later part of the 1990s; reaching its highest levels ever post-Calciopoli, with the return of Juventus to Serie A.[106]

text: The rivalry with A.C. Milan is a rivalry between the two most titled teams in Italy.[107] The challenge confronts also two of the clubs with greater basin of supporters as well as those with the greatest turnover and stock market value in the country.[108] The match-ups between Milan and Juventus, is regarded as the championship of Serie A, and both teams were often fighting for the top positions of the standings, sometimes even decisive for the award of the title.[109] They also have rivalries with Roma,[110] Fiorentina[111] and Napoli.[112]

text: Youth programme

text: The Juventus youth set-up has been recognised as one of the best in Italy for producing young talents.[113] While not all graduates made it to the first team, many have enjoyed successful careers in the Italian top flight. Under long-time coach Vincenzo Chiarenza, the Primavera (Under-20) squad enjoyed one of its successful periods, winning all age-group competitions from 2004 to 2006. Like Dutch club Ajax and many Premier League clubs, Juventus operates several satellite clubs and football schools outside of the country (i.e. United States, Canada, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Australia and Switzerland) and numerous camps in the local region to expand talent scouting.[114]

text: The youth system is also notable for its contribution to the Italian national senior and youth teams. 1934 World Cup winner Gianpiero Combi, 1936 Gold Medal and 1938 World Cup winner Pietro Rava, Giampiero Boniperti, Roberto Bettega, 1982 World Cup hero Paolo Rossi and more recently Claudio Marchisio and Sebastian Giovinco are a number of former graduates who have gone on to make the first team and full Italy squad.[115]

text: Players

text: Current squad

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position

Player

1

GK

Wojciech Szczęsny

2

DF

Mattia De Sciglio

3

DF

Giorgio Chiellini (captain)

4

DF

Medhi Benatia

5

MF

Miralem Pjanić

6

MF

Sami Khedira

7

FW

Cristiano Ronaldo

8

MF

Claudio Marchisio (vice-captain)

10

FW

Paulo Dybala

11

MF

Douglas Costa

12

DF

Alex Sandro

14

MF

Blaise Matuidi

15

DF

Andrea Barzagli (3rd captain)

No.

Position

Player

16

FW

Juan Cuadrado

17

FW

Mario Mandžukić

19

DF

Leonardo Bonucci

20

DF

João Cancelo

21

GK

Carlo Pinsoglio

22

GK

Mattia Perin

23

MF

Emre Can

24

DF

Daniele Rugani

30

MF

Rodrigo Bentancur

33

FW

Federico Bernardeschi

37

DF

Leonardo Spinazzola

—

FW

Moise Kean

text: Other players under contract

text:
No.

Position

Player

—

GK

Laurențiu Brănescu

—

GK

Filippo Marricchi

—

DF

Mattias Andersson

—

DF

Pietro Beruatto

—

DF

Luca Coccolo

—

DF

Andrea Melani

—

DF

Giulio Parodi

—

DF

Claudio Zappa

—

MF

Nicolò D'Agostino

—

MF

Simone Emmanuello [116]

No.

Position

Player

—

MF

Grigoris Kastanos

—

MF

Roman Macek

—

MF

Nicola Mosti

—

MF

Matheus Pereira

—

MF

Gianluca Sbordone

—

MF

Roger Tamba M'Pinda

—

MF

Oumar Toure

—

FW

Stefano Beltrame

—

FW

Luca Clemenza

—

FW

Nicolò Pozzebon

text: Out on loan

text:
No.

Position

Player

GK

Emil Audero (at Sampdoria until 30 June 2019)[117]

GK

Davide Barosi (at Trento until 30 June 2019)[118]

GK

Edoardo Colombo (at Carpi until 30 June 2019)[119]

DF

Luca Barlocco (at Piacenza until 30 June 2019)[120]

DF

Dario Del Fabro (at Cremonese until 30 June 2019)[121]

DF

Matteo Manfroni (at Pergolettese until 30 June 2019)[122]

DF

Michael Martino (at Bustese MCFC until 30 June 2019)[123]

DF

Stefano Pellizzari (at Ravenna until 30 June 2019)[124]

DF

Rogério (at Sassuolo until 30 June 2019)[125]

MF

Leonardo Mancuso (at Pescara until 30 June 2019)[126]

MF

Luca Marrone (at Hellas Verona until 30 June 2019)[127]

No.

Position

Player

MF

Giorgio Siani (at Ravenna until 30 June 2019)[124]

MF

Stefano Sturaro (at  Sporting until 30 June 2019)[128]

FW

Davide Cais (at Albissola until 30 June 2019)[129]

FW

Alberto Cerri (at Cagliari until 30 June 2019)[130]

FW

Andrea Favilli (at Genoa until 30 June 2019)[131]

FW

Eric Lanini (at Imolese until 30 June 2019)[132]

FW

Gonzalo Higuaín (at Milan until 30 June 2019)[133]

FW

Riccardo Orsolini (at Bologna until 30 June 2019)[134]

FW

Marko Pjaca (at Fiorentina until 30 June 2019)[135]

FW

Alhassane Soumah (at  Wattens until 30 June 2019)[136]

FW

King Udoh (at  Union Titus Pétange until 30 June 2019)[137]

text: Women's Serie A

text: Campionato Primavera and Berretti

text: Managerial and technical staff

text:
Head Coach

 Massimiliano Allegri

Assistant Manager

 Marco Landucci

Goalkeeping Coach

 Claudio Filippi

Technical Assistants

 Aldo Dolcetti   Maurizio Trombetta

Athletic Performance Head Coach

 Simone Folletti

Fitness Coach

 Andrea Pertusio

Training Check Supervisor and Sport Science Manager

 Roberto Sassi

Training Check Supervisor and Fitness Coach

 Duccio Bravo

Sport Science Officer

 Darragh Connolly

Sport Science Specialist and Fitness Coach

 Antonio Gualtieri

Match Analysis Manager

 Riccardo Scirea

Match Analysis Officer

 Domenico Vernamonte

Match Analysis

 Giuseppe Maiuri

text: Source: Juventus.com

text: Medical staff

text:
Head of Medical Staff

 Claudio Rigo

First-team Doctor

 Fabio Christian Tenore

Rehabilitation Specialists

 Marco Luison   Fabrizio Borri

Physiotherapists

 Dario Garbiero   Francesco Pieralisi   Emanuele Randelli   Gianluca Scolaro   Maurizio Delfini

Sport Therapist

 Stefano Grani

Performance Nutritionist

 Matteo Pincella

text: Source: Juventus.com

text: Chairmen history

text: Juventus have had numerous chairmen (Italian: presidenti, lit. 'presidents' or Italian: presidenti del consiglio di amministrazione, lit. 'chairmen of the board of directors') over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been corporate managers that were nominated by the owners. On top of chairmen, there were several living former chairmen, that were nominated as the honorary chairmen (Italian: Presidenti Onorari, lit. 'honorary presidents').[138]

text:
Name

Years

Eugenio Canfari

1897–1898

Enrico Canfari

1898–1901

Carlo Favale

1901–1902

Giacomo Parvopassu

1903–1904

Alfred Dick

1905–1906

Carlo Vittorio Varetti

1907–1910

Attilio Ubertalli

1911–1912

Giuseppe Hess

1913–1915

Gioacchino Armano, Fernando Nizza, Sandro Zambelli[e]

1915–1918

Corrado Corradini

1919–1920

Gino Olivetti

1920–1923

Edoardo Agnelli

1923–1935

Giovanni Mazzonis

1935–1936

Name

Years

Emilio de la Forest de Divonne

1936–1941

Pietro Dusio

1941–1947

Gianni Agnelli[f]

1947–1954

Enrico Craveri, Nino Cravetto, Marcello Giustiniani[g]

1954–1955

Umberto Agnelli

1955–1962

Vittore Catella

1962–1971

Giampiero Boniperti[h]

1971–1990

Vittorio Caissotti di Chiusano

1990–2003

Franzo Grande Stevens[f]

2003–2006

Giovanni Cobolli Gigli

2006–2009

Jean-Claude Blanc

2009–2010

Andrea Agnelli

2010–

text: Managerial history

text: Below is a list of Juventus managers from 1923, when the Agnelli family took over and the club became more structured and organised,[2] until the present day.[139]

text:
Name

Nationality

Years

Jenő Károly

1923–1926

József Viola

1926[i]

József Viola

1926–1928

William Aitken

1928–1930

Carlo Carcano

1930–1935

Carlo Bigatto Iº/Benedetto Gola

1935[i]

Virginio Rosetta

1935–1939

Umberto Caligaris

1939–1941

Federico Munerati

1941[i]

Giovanni Ferrari

1941–1942

Luis Monti

/

1942[i]

Felice Placido Borel IIº

1942–1946

Renato Cesarini

1946–1948

William Chalmers

1948–1949

Jesse Carver

1949–1951

Luigi Bertolini

1951[i]

György Sárosi

1951–1953

Aldo Olivieri

1953–1955

Sandro Puppo

1955–1957

Ljubiša Broćić

1957–1959

Teobaldo Depetrini

1959[i]

Renato Cesarini

1959–1961

Carlo Parola

1961[i]

Gunnar Gren/Július Korostelev

/

1961[i]

Carlo Parola

1961–1962

Name

Nationality

Years

Paulo Lima Amaral

1962–1964

Eraldo Monzeglio

1964[i]

Heriberto Herrera

1964–1969

Luis Carniglia

1969–1970

Ercole Rabitti

1970[i]

Armando Picchi

1970–1971

Čestmír Vycpálek

1971–1974

Carlo Parola

1974–1976

Giovanni Trapattoni

1976–1986

Rino Marchesi

1986–1988

Dino Zoff

1988–1990

Luigi Maifredi

1990–1991

Giovanni Trapattoni

1991–1994

Marcello Lippi

1994–1999

Carlo Ancelotti

1999–2001

Marcello Lippi

2001–2004

Fabio Capello

2004–2006

Didier Deschamps

2006–2007

Giancarlo Corradini

2007[i]

Claudio Ranieri

2007–2009

Ciro Ferrara

2009–2010

Alberto Zaccheroni

2010

Luigi Delneri

2010–2011

Antonio Conte

2011–2014

Massimiliano Allegri

2014–

text: Honours

text: Italy's most successful club of the 20th century[20] and the most successful club in the history of Italian football,[140] Juventus have won the Italian League Championship, the country's premier football club competition and organised by Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A (LNPA), a record 34 times and have the record of consecutive triumphs in that tournament (seven, between 2011–12 and 2017–18).[34][141] They have also won the Coppa Italia, the country's primary cup competition, a record 13 times, becoming the first team to retain the trophy successfully with their triumph in the 1959–60 season, and the first to win it in three consecutive seasons from the 2014–15 season to the 2016–17 season, and went on to win it a fourth consecutive time in 2017–18.[142] In addition, the club holds the record for Supercoppa Italiana wins with seven, the most recent coming in 2015.

text: Overall, Juventus have won 65 official competitions,[j] more than any other Italian club: 54 domestic trophies (which is also a record) and 11 official international competitions, including two European Cups / UEFA Champions Leagues,[143] making them, in the latter case, the second most successful Italian club in European competition.[144] The club is fourth in Europe and eighth in the world with the most international titles won officially recognised by their respective association football confederation and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).[k] In 1977, the Torinese side become the first in Southern Europe to have won the UEFA Cup and the first—and only to date—in Italian football history to achieve an international title with a squad composed by national footballers.[146] In 1993, the club won its third competition's trophy, an unprecedented feat in the continent until then and the most for an Italian club. Juventus was also the first Italian club to achieve the title in the European Super Cup, having won the competition in 1984 and the first European club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1985, since it was restructured by Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL)'s organizing committee five years beforehand.[17]

text: The club has earned the distinction of being allowed to wear three Golden Stars (Italian: stelle d'oro) on its shirts representing its league victories, the tenth of which was achieved during the 1957–58 season, the 20th in the 1981–82 season and the 30th in the 2013–14 season. Juventus were the first Italian team to have achieved the national double four times (winning the Italian top tier division and the national cup competition in the same season), in the 1959–60, 1994–95, 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons. In the 2015–16 season, Juventus won the Coppa Italia for the 11th time and their second-straight title, becoming the first team in Italy's history to complete Serie A and Coppa Italia doubles in back-to-back seasons; Juventus would go on to win another two consecutive doubles in 2016–17 and 2017–18.[70]

text: The club is unique in the world in having won all official confederation competitions[147][148] and they have received, in recognition to winning the three major UEFA competitions[39]—first case in the history of the European football and the only one to be reached with the same coach—[16] The UEFA Plaque by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) on 12 July 1988.[149][150]

text: The Torinese side was placed seventh—but the top Italian club—in the FIFA's century ranking of the best clubs in the world on 23 December 2000[19] and nine years later was ranked second best club in Europe during the 20th Century based on a statistical study series by International Federation of Football History & Statistics, the highest for an Italian club in both.[20]

text: Juventus have been proclaimed World's Club Team of the Year twice (1993 and 1996)[151] and was ranked in 3rd place—the highest ranking of any Italian club—in the All-Time Club World Ranking (1991–2009 period) by the IFFHS.[l]

text:
Juventus F.C. honours

Type

Competition

Titles

Seasons

Domestic

Italian Football Championship/Serie A

34

1905, 1925–26,[m] 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05,[n] 2005–06,[n] 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18

Serie B

1

2006–07

Coppa Italia

13

1937–38, 1941–42, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1994–95, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18

Supercoppa Italiana

7s

1995, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2012, 2013, 2015

Continent

European Cup / UEFA Champions League

2

1984–85, 1995–96

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup

1

1983–84

UEFA Cup

3

1976–77, 1989–90, 1992–93

European Super Cup/UEFA Super Cup

2

1984, 1996

UEFA Intertoto Cup

1

1999

Worldwide

Intercontinental Cup

2

1985, 1996

text:
Record
s shared record

text: Club statistics and records

text: Alessandro Del Piero holds Juventus' official appearance record of 705 appearances. He took over from Gaetano Scirea on 6 March 2008 against Palermo. He also holds the record for Serie A appearances with 478. Including all official competitions, Del Piero is the all-time leading goalscorer for Juventus, with 290—since joining the club in 1993. Giampiero Boniperti, who was the all-time topscorer since 1961 comes in second in all competitions with 182. In the 1933–34 season, Felice Borel scored 31 goals in 34 appearances, setting the club record for Serie A goals in a single season. Ferenc Hirzer is the club's highest scorer in a single season with 35 goals in 26 appearances in the 1925–26 season (record of Italian football). The most goals scored by a player in a single match is 6, which is also an Italian record. This was achieved by Omar Sívori in a game against Internazionale in the 1960–61 season.[28]

text: The first ever official game participated in by Juventus was in the Third Federal Football Championship, the predecessor of Serie A, against Torinese in a Juventus loss 0–1. The biggest victory recorded by Juventus was 15–0 against Cento, in the second round of the Coppa Italia in the 1926–27 season. In the league, Fiorentina and Fiumana were famously on the end of Juventus' biggest championship wins, with both beaten 11–0 in the 1928–29 season. Juventus' heaviest championship defeats came during the 1911–12 and 1912–13 seasons: they were against Milan in 1912 (1–8) and Torino in 1913 (0–8).[28]

text: The signing of Gianluigi Buffon in 2001 from Parma cost Juventus €52 million (100 billion lire), making it the then-most expensive transfer for a goalkeeper of all-time until 2018.[153][154][155][156][157] On 20 March 2016, Buffon set a new Serie A record for the longest period without conceding a goal (974 minutes) in the Derby della Mole during the 2015–16 season.[158] On 26 July 2016, Argentine forward Gonzalo Higuaín became the third highest football transfer of all-time and highest ever transfer for an Italian club, at the time,[159] when he was signed by Juventus for €90 million from Napoli.[160] On 8 August 2016, Paul Pogba returned to his first club, Manchester United, for an all-time record for highest football transfer fee of €105 million, surpassing the former record holder Gareth Bale.[161] The sale of Zinédine Zidane from Juventus to Real Madrid of Spain in 2001 was the world football transfer record at the time, costing the Spanish club around €77.5 million (150 billion lire).[162][163] On 10 July 2018, Cristiano Ronaldo became the highest ever transfer for an Italian club with his €100 million transfer from Real Madrid.[164]

text: Contribution to the Italy national team

text: Overall, Juventus are the club that has contributed the most players to the Italy national team in history,[165] being the only Italian club that has contributed players to every Italy national team since the 2nd FIFA World Cup.[166] Juventus have contributed numerous players to Italy's World Cup campaigns, these successful periods principally have coincided with two golden ages of the Turin club's history, referred as Quinquennio d'Oro (The Golden Quinquennium), from 1931 until 1935, and Ciclo Leggendario (The Legendary Cycle), from 1972 to 1986.

text: Below are a list of Juventus players who represented the Italy national team during World Cup winning tournaments.[167]

text:
1934 FIFA World Cup (9): Gianpiero Combi, Virginio Rosetta, Luigi Bertolini, Felice Borel IIº, Umberto Caligaris, Giovanni Ferrari, Luis Monti, Raimundo Orsi and Mario Varglien Iº
1938 FIFA World Cup (2): Alfredo Foni and Pietro Rava
1982 FIFA World Cup (6): Dino Zoff, Antonio Cabrini, Claudio Gentile, Paolo Rossi, Gaetano Scirea and Marco Tardelli
2006 FIFA World Cup (5): Fabio Cannavaro, Gianluigi Buffon, Mauro Camoranesi, Alessandro Del Piero and Gianluca Zambrotta

text: Two Juventus players have won the golden boot award at the World Cup with Italy, Paolo Rossi in 1982 and Salvatore Schillaci in 1990. As well as contributing to Italy's World Cup winning sides, two Juventus players Alfredo Foni and Pietro Rava, represented Italy in the gold medal winning squad at the 1936 Summer Olympics. Three Juventus players represented their nation during the 1968 European Football Championship win for Italy: Sandro Salvadore, Ernesto Càstano and Giancarlo Bercellino.[168]

text: The Torinese club has also contributed to a lesser degree to the national sides of other nations. Zinédine Zidane and captain Didier Deschamps were Juventus players when they won the 1998 World Cup with France, as well as Blaise Matuidi in the 2018 World Cup, making it as the association football club which supplied the most FIFA World Cup winners globally (25).[169] Three Juventus players have also won the European Football Championship with a nation other than Italy, Luis del Sol won it in 1964 with Spain, while the Frenchmen Michel Platini and Zidane won the competition in 1984 and 2000 respectively.[170]

text: Financial information

text:
Juventus Football Club S.p.A.Type
PublicTraded as
BIT: JUVELSE: 0H65Predecessor
Sport-Club Juventus (1897)Foot-Ball Club Juventus (1900)Juventus (1936)Juventus Cisitalia (1943)Juventus Football Club (1945)Founded
Turin, Italy (27 July 1967 (1967-07-27))Key people
Andrea Agnelli(Chairman)Pavel Nedvěd(Vice-chairman)Giuseppe Marotta(CEO and GM)Aldo Mazzia(CEO and CFO)Revenue
 €387,900,773(2015–16)[171]€348,193,885(2014–15)Operating income
 €20,214,377(2015–16)€19,303,507(2014–15)Net income
 €4,062,312(2015–16)€2,298,263(2014–15)Total assets
 €577,558,246(2015–16)€474,268,339(2014–15)Total equity
 €53,383,558(2015–16)€44,645,444(2014–15)Owner
Agnelli family (through EXOR N.V.)63.8%[172]Lindsell Train10.0%Free floating26.2%Number of employees
 785 (2015–16)698 (2014–15)Website
juventus.com

text: Since 27 June 1967, Juventus Football Club has been a società per azioni (S.p.A.)[173] and since 3 December 2001 the Torinese side is listed on the Borsa Italiana.[174] As of 31 December 2015, the Juventus' shares are distributed between 63.8% to EXOR N.V., the Agnelli family's holding (a company of the Giovanni Agnelli and C.S.a.p.a Group), 5.0% to Lindsell Train Ltd. and 31.2% to other shareholders.(<2.0%)[175][176] As of 5 July 2016, Lindsell Train Ltd. increased its holding to 10% and then Exor S.P.A decreased to 60.0%.[177][178] Since 2012, Jeep became the new sponsor of Juventus, a car brand acquired by FIAT after the 2000s global financial crisis.

text: Along with Lazio and Roma, Juventus is one of only three Italian clubs quoted on Borsa Italiana (Italian stock exchange). Juventus was also the only association football club in the country member of STAR (Segment of Stocks conforming to High Requirements, Italian: Segmento Titoli con Alti Requisiti), one of the main market segment in the world.[179] However, Juventus had to move from the STAR segment to MTA market due to 2011 financial results.[180]

text: The club's training ground was owned by Campi di Vinovo S.p.A, controlled by Juventus Football Club S.p.A. to 71.3%.(CONSOB 2007:47; 107)</ref> In 2003, the club bought the lands from the subsidiary[181] and later the company was dissolved. Since then, Juventus has not had any subsidiary.

text: From 1 July 2008, the club has implemented a safety management system for employees and athletes in compliance with the requirements of international OHSAS 18001:2007 regulation[182] and a Safety Management System in the medical sector according to the international ISO 9001:2000 resolution.[183]

text: The club is one of the founders of the European Club Association (ECA), which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14, an international group of Europe's most elite clubs of which Juventus were also a founding member.[184]

text: According to the Deloitte Football Money League, a research published by consultants Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu on 17 January 2014, Juventus are the ninth-highest earning football club in the world with an estimated revenue of €272.4 million, the most for an Italian club.[185] The club is also ranked ninth on Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs in the world with an estimate value of US$850 million (€654 million), making them the second richest association football club in Italy.[186]

text: Juventus re-capitalized on 28 June 2007, increasing €104,807,731.60 of share capital.[187] The team made an aggregate net loss in the following seasons (2006 to date): –€927,569 (2006–07),[187] –€20,787,469 (2007–08),[188] net income €6,582,489 (2008–09)[189] and net loss €10,967,944 (2009–10).[190] After an unaudited €43,411,481 net loss was recorded in the first nine months of 2010–11 season,[191] the board of directors announced that a capital increase of €120 million was planned, scheduled to submit to the extraordinary shareholder's meeting in October.[192] Eventually, the 2010–11 season net loss was €95,414,019.[193] In the 2012–13 season, Juventus continued to recover from recent seasons' net losses thanks to the biggest payment in UEFA's Champions League 2012–13 revenue distribution, earning €65.3 million. Despite being knocked out in the quarterfinal stage, Juventus took the lion's share thanks to the largesse of the Italian national TV market and the division of revenues with the only other Italian team making the competition's final phase, Milan.[194] Confirming the trend of marked improvement in net result, the 2013–14 financial year closed with a loss of €6.7 million, but with the first positive operating income since 2006.[195] In the 2014–15 season, by the excellent sports results achieved (the fourth year in a row of Serie A titles, the tenth Coppa Italia title and playing the Champions League final), net income reached €2.3 million. Compared to the loss of €6.7 million last year, 2014–15 showed a positive change of €9 million and returned to a profit after six years since 2008–09.[196]

text: Shirt sponsors and manufacturers

text:
Period

Kit manufacturer

Shirt sponsor

1979–1989

Kappa

Ariston

1989–1992

UPIM

1992–1995

Danone

1995–1998

Sony

1998–1999

D+Libertà digitale/Tele+

1999–2000

CanalSatellite/D+Libertà digitale/Sony

2000–2001

Lotto

Sportal.com/Tele+

2001–2002

Fastweb/Tu Mobile

2002–2003

Fastweb/Tamoil

2003–2004

Nike

2004–2005

Sky Sport/Tamoil

2005–2007

Tamoil

2007–2010

FIAT (New Holland)

2010–2012

BetClic/Balocco

2012–2015

FIAT/FCA Italy (Jeep)

2015–

Adidas