document_title: List of Brooklyn Nine-Nine characters

question_text: who plays boyles dad in brooklyn nine nine

text: List of Brooklyn Nine-Nine characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Character

Actor

Role

Seasons

1

2

3

4

5

Jake Peralta
Andy Samberg
Detective
Main

Rosa Diaz
Stephanie Beatriz
Detective
Main

Terry Jeffords
Terry Crews
Sergeant
Main

Amy Santiago
Melissa Fumero
Detective (1–5)Sergeant (5–)
Main

Charles Boyle
Joe Lo Truglio
Detective
Main

Gina Linetti
Chelsea Peretti
Civilian Administrator
Main

Ray Holt
Andre Braugher
Captain
Main

Michael Hitchcock
Dirk Blocker
Detective 3rd Grade
Recurring
Main

Norm Scully
Joel McKinnon Miller
Detective 2nd Grade
Recurring
Main

tag: table

text: Jake Peralta[edit]

text:
Jake PeraltaFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Andy SambergInformationFull name
Jacob PeraltaGender
MaleOccupation
DetectiveFamily
Roger Peralta (father)  Karen Peralta (mother)Spouse(s)
Amy Santiago (wife)Significant other(s)
Sophia Perez (ex-girlfriend)Relatives
Bob (uncle)  Katie Peralta (half-sister)  Linda (aunt)  Two unnamed half-sisters  An unknown amount of half-brothersReligion
JewishNationality
American

text: Andy Samberg as Detective Jake Peralta, a talented but childish detective. Peralta shows "class clown" traits, constantly pulling pranks and making immature jokes at the expense of his colleagues, particularly his partner, Amy Santiago. He is fun-loving and sarcastic but is often motivated by his emotions more than his colleagues. Despite his goofy traits, Peralta has the best arrest rate in the precinct, something that both befuddles and irritates Santiago, who seemingly has to try twice as hard to succeed. In the pilot, Terry Jeffords explains to Captain Holt that Peralta is his best detective, that he likes putting away bad guys, and that he loves puzzles, although "the only puzzle he hasn't solved is how to grow up." As of Season 1, he is 33 years old and has been a detective with the 9-9 since 2005.[1]

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Detective Peralta.

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

NYPD Commendation or Commendation—Integrity[6]

NYPD Excellent Police Duty[6]

NYPD Award of Merit

Williamsport, PA Bureau of Police's Gallantry Star

NYPD 150th Commemorative Breast Bar

NYPD Firearms Proficiency Bar[6]

text: In "Stakeout", he received a commendation for his work on Rosa's drug task force.

text: Rosa Diaz[edit]

text:
Rosa DiazFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Stephanie BeatrizInformationGender
FemaleOccupation
DetectiveFamily
Oscar Diaz (father)  Julia Diaz (mother)  Two unnamed sistersSignificant other(s)
"Becky" (ex-girlfriend)  Adrian Pimento (ex-fiancé)  Marcus (ex-boyfriend)  Tom (ex-boyfriend)Relatives
Diana (niece)Nationality
American

text: Stephanie Beatriz as Detective Rosa Diaz, a smart, tough, aloof, and mysterious detective. She attended parochial school, later studied ballet, and was a classmate of Jake's in the police academy.[7] Though Diaz is a loyal and effective member of the squad, her anger management issues and lack of empathy terrify most of her coworkers. She is highly secretive about her personal life – should anyone discover a secret of hers, she normally threatens them with death should they disclose it. It is also made clear that she does not stay in her apartments for long periods of time, and her neighbours know her by both a different name and a completely different personality. As revealed in "Cop-Con", she and Amy are younger than most of the other precinct members as they are hurt by a device that emits a loud noise to those under 35, whereas Jake and Boyle only pretend to be affected by it. In "White Whale", she reveals to Amy that she's attended medical school, business school, and has a pilot's license.

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Detective Diaz.

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

NYPD Excellent Police Duty

NYPD Firearms Proficiency Bar

text: In "Stakeout", she received a commendation for her work as the leader of a drug task force.

text: Terry Jeffords[edit]

text:
Terry JeffordsFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Terry CrewsInformationFull name
Terence JeffordsGender
MaleOccupation
SergeantFamily
Unknown father (deceased)  Unknown grandmother (deceased)Spouse(s)
Sharon Jeffords (wife)Significant other(s)
Chiaki (ex-girlfriend)  Veronica Hopkins (ex-girlfriend)Children
Cagney & Lacey Jeffords (twin daughters)  Ava Jeffords (daughter)Relatives
Zeke (brother-in-law)Nationality
American

text: Terry Crews portrays Sergeant Terry Jeffords, the supervisor of the 9-9's Detective Squad. An avid bodybuilder whose size, strength and intimidating demeanour stands in stark contrast to his gentle, fatherly nature. Jeffords is devoted to his wife and three young daughters Cagney, Lacey (named after the stars of the 1980s TV series),and Ava. He fears the danger of police work because of the possibility that he could leave his children fatherless. Following a panic attack prior to the show's beginning, Terry was removed from field work, but he has since cautiously returned. He is high-strung, prone to nervous excitement, loves yogurt, and often refers to himself in third person, but he is an effective and caring leader to the detective squad.

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Sergeant Jeffords.

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

World Trade Center Breast Bar

NYPD Commendation or Commendation—Integrity

NYPD Unit Citation

NYPD Firearms Proficiency Bar

text: Amy Santiago[edit]

text:
Amy SantiagoFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Melissa FumeroInformationGender
FemaleOccupation
SergeantFamily
Victor Santiago (father)  Camila Santiago (mother)  Tony Santiago (brother)  Six unnamed brothersSpouse(s)
Jake Peralta (Husband)Significant other(s)
Teddy Wells (ex-boyfriend)  Constantine Kane (ex-boyfriend)Nationality
Cuban-American

text: Melissa Fumero portrays Sergeant Amy Santiago, Jake's uptight, by-the-book, rule-following Cuban-American partner, and later wife.[7] A neurotic overachiever, she is continually trying to ingratiate herself with Captain Holt, and any authority figure in arm's reach of her. Terry at one point explains to Holt that Amy's competitiveness is a result of her having seven brothers. Amy is a stickler for department protocol and is frequently exasperated by Jake's childishness, as well as the ease with which he succeeds as a detective. She is initially seen as Holt's teacher's pet, but over time is shown to command respect from others.

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Detective Santiago.

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

NYPD Excellent Police Duty

Unidentified award

Unidentified award

text: Charles Boyle[edit]

text:
Charles BoyleFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Joe Lo TruglioInformationGender
MaleOccupation
DetectiveFamily
Lynn Boyle (father)Spouse(s)
Eleanor Boyle (ex-wife)Significant other(s)
Genevieve Mirren-Carter (girlfriend)  Vivian Ludley (ex-fiancée)  Gina Linetti (ex-lover)  Lt. Singh (ex-lover)  Joanna (ex-lover)Children
Nikolaj Boyle (adopted son)Relatives
Darlene Linetti (stepmother)  Gina Linetti (stepsister)  Sam Boyle (cousin)  Christina Boyle (cousin)  Milton Boyle (cousin)  Steve Boyle (cousin)  Tommy Boyle (cousin)  Becca Boyle (cousin)  Nona Boyle (grandmother)  The Enigma/"Iggy" (stepniece)Nationality
American

text: Joe Lo Truglio portrays Detective Charles Boyle, a nervous and clumsy but honest and hard-working detective.[7] He is Jake Peralta's best friend in the New York Police Department. He is divorced from his wife Eleanor, who had numerous affairs during their marriage, to the point where she has to pay alimony[clarification needed] to him. He is also a huge, unapologetic foodie, maintaining a weekly Brooklyn pizza-ranking email and often relishing bizarre foreign cuisine that disgusts his coworkers. For saving Detective Diaz's life during "Christmas" (during which he was shot in the buttocks), he was awarded the NYPD Medal for Valor in "The Bet", though he was overshadowed by a revered and heroic NYPD horse named Sgt Peanut Butter.  In "The Swedes", it is revealed that Boyle is a graduate of Sarah Lawrence College.

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Detective Boyle.

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

NYPD Medal for Valor

Unidentified award

Unidentified award

NYPD 150th Commemorative Breast Bar

text: Gina Linetti[edit]

text:
Gina LinettiFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Chelsea PerettiInformationFull name
Regina LinettiGender
FemaleOccupation
AdministratorFamily
Darlene Linetti (mother)Significant other(s)
Charles Boyle (ex-lover)  Milton Boyle (lover)Children
The Enigma/"Iggy" (daughter)Relatives
Lynn Boyle (stepfather)  Charles Boyle (stepbrother)Nationality
American

text: Chelsea Peretti portrays Gina Linetti, the 99th Precinct's sardonic and egomaniacal civilian administrator and Captain Holt's assistant.[7] Despite maintaining a clueless and dimwitted disposition most of the time, she can be surprisingly observant and has demonstrated traits of being more intelligent than she likes to show. Gina is obsessed with social media and is constantly on her phone. It is a running gag to try to pry her from her phone, to the point where Captain Holt becomes involved. She is extremely narcissistic and constantly praises and exalts herself, such as claiming to be a better dancer than Beyoncé in the episode "Karen Peralta."  As the only civilian in the precinct, Gina often uses her outsider's perspective to assist the other detectives. In the episode "The Party," Rosa plays a prank on Gina by tricking her into talking to a group of psychology professors at Holt's birthday party, who then take copious notes about her narcissistic personality.

text: Raymond Holt[edit]

text:
Raymond HoltFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Andre BraugherInformationFull name
Raymond Jacob HoltGender
MaleOccupation
Commanding Officer, NYPD 99th PrecinctFamily
Laverne Holt (mother)  Debbie (younger sister)Spouse(s)
Kevin Cozner (husband)Significant other(s)
Frederick (ex-boyfriend)Relatives
Marcus (nephew)Nationality
American

text: Andre Braugher portrays Captain Raymond Holt, the 99th Precinct's strict new Commanding Officer. Holt is known for his cold, calm and robotic manner of speaking and lack of outwardly visible emotion, although his non-work friends frequently refer to him having a much more fun persona that is never seen by either the Nine-Nine members, nor the viewer. The Nine-Nine is Holt's first command despite many years of outstanding service, something he attributes to prejudice against both his race and homosexuality. He came out in 1987 and until recently led a group that supported gay African-American NYPD members, which he himself created.[7] He was a homicide detective in the 1980s, and spent twelve years in the Community Affairs Bureau immediately prior to commanding the Nine-Nine.

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Captain Holt.

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

World Trade Center Breast Bar

NYPD Medal for Valor

NYPD Meritorious Police Duty (with numeral "10")

NYPD Excellent Police Duty

NYPD Firearms Proficiency Bar

text: In "Stakeout", he received a commendation for his supervision of Det. Diaz's drug task force.

text: Michael Hitchcock[edit]

text:
Michael HitchcockFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Dirk BlockerInformationGender
MaleOccupation
Detective 3rd GradeSpouse(s)
Lucille (ex-wife)Brandi (ex-wife)Francine (ex-wife)Madison (ex-wife)Significant other(s)
JamieNationality
American

text: Dirk Blocker portrays Detective 3rd Grade Michael Hitchcock (season 2—present; recurring season 1), an enthusiastic but clueless detective who has been best friends and partners with Detective Scully for over 30 years. Despite their inept nature, Hitchcock and Scully have both shown on occasion to be competent and even good detectives, though their laziness tends to keep them from demonstrating this most of the time. The majority of the precinct tends to be disgusted by Hitchcock's more perverted nature and attitude towards women. It's revealed in "The Last Ride" (Season 4) that Hitchcock held the all-time record for closed cases at the 99th Precinct, one more than Sgt. Jeffords as of that episode. This is mainly due to Hitchcock being at the 99th twenty years longer than Terry. To celebrate, Hitchcock got a tattoo of himself holding a gun and putting it in his mouth, oblivious to what it actually implies.

text: Norm Scully[edit]

text:
Norm ScullyFirst appearance
"Pilot"Portrayed by
Joel McKinnon MillerInformationFull name
Norman ScullyGender
MaleOccupation
Detective 2nd GradeFamily
Kelly (dog, possibly)Spouse(s)
Kelly (ex-wife, possibly)Significant other(s)
Cindy Shatz (girlfriend)Children
2Nationality
American

text: Joel McKinnon Miller portrays Detective Norm Scully (season 2—present; recurring season 1), a middle-aged, lazy and overweight desk worker who has been best friends and partners with Detective Hitchcock for over 30 years. Scully shows talent as a tenor opera singer and can "make great coffee", according to Sgt. Jeffords. Scully routinely discloses disgusting medical issues like the entire bottom of his foot being a wart or having various strains of fungi. At one point, he had a girlfriend, but no mention of her has been brought up since.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: NYPD and other law enforcement[edit]

text:
Patton Oswalt as FDNY Fire Marshal Boone, the fire marshal of the local fire station. He leads the fire department in a rivalry against the detectives of the 99 but reaches a brief understanding with Jake when they discover that they both were abandoned at a young age by their fathers.
Dean Winters as Detective Keith Pembroke, a detective in the Major Crimes Unit notorious for taking over cases that are nearly solved and getting all of the credit for closing them, which earns him the nickname "The Vulture". He frequently makes lewd comments toward the squad and has a greatly inflated sense of self. After the death of Seth Dozerman, The Vulture becomes the Commanding Officer of the 99th Precinct until Captain Holt returns. In "The Venue," Vulture steals Jake and Amy's venue at the last second to host his wedding to a kind charity worker named Jean Munhroe. When the two discover that he's unfaithful to Jean and lying to her about his character, they decide to tell Jean at the cost of Vulture taking their venue on their wedding night. He is a recipient of the American Flag Breast Bar, World Trade Center Breast Bar, NYPD Medal of Honor, and Marine Corps Service Award.
Kyle Bornheimer as Sergeant Teddy Wells, a detective at the 82nd Precinct. Teddy used to date Amy Santiago; they resume their relationship after meeting up at a training exercise. Later Amy breaks up with him again, because she dislikes his dull personality and is unable to show interest in his home pilsner-brewing hobby. In Season 4, Teddy evaluates the nine-nine when the crime rate drops and one precinct has to close. He claims to have changed but Jake and Amy agree that he is still "The most boring man in America". He also admits to Amy that he still loves her and proposes to her twice; once in front of his new girlfriend and Jake, and the second time in front of the entire squad. In Season 5, Teddy has joined the bomb squad and tries unsuccessfully to steal Amy away from Jake on the day of their wedding.
Jason Mantzoukas as Adrian Pimento, an emotionally unstable and volatile officer who returns to the 99th Precinct after spending 12 years undercover in the organization of Jimmy "The Butcher" Figgis.  He began dating Rosa in "Cheddar", and the two got engaged in "Paranoia," but decide to just date after realizing they were rushing it. Rosa later breaks up with him in Season 5. He spends the next couple of months in Alaska before returning to Brooklyn to return as an insurance agent in "Gray Star Mutual," but is fired in the episode and starts working at a hand lotion store.
James M. Connor as Deputy Commissioner Podolski, the NYPD's arrogant deputy police commissioner who uses his position for his own personal means such as keeping his rebellious son, Trevor, out of jail in "The Tagger".
Michael G. Hagerty as Captain McGinley, the 99th Precinct's commanding officer before Raymond Holt, who was fired for his ineptitude and his permissive attitude toward the disruptive antics of Jake and his colleagues. McGinley later died in the episode "99" and the squad attended his funeral in Los Angeles.
Kyra Sedgwick as Madeline Wuntch, a callous and unethical NYPD deputy police chief who shares a deep mutual hostility with Captain Holt. Wuntch and Holt were once partners and friends, but they fell out after Holt rejected her sexual advances and Wuntch gained promotions for which Holt was passed over, resulting in Wuntch eventually becoming Holt's direct superior. Wuntch constantly goes out of her way to undermine the 99th Precinct, and appears to take great pleasure in its and Holt's failures; Holt, in turn, gleefully insults and belittles Wuntch every time their paths cross.  In "The Chopper" and "Johnny and Dora", she culminates her victory over Holt when she makes him head of the NYPD Public Affairs Division, where she humiliates him by making him do menial jobs, although he is eventually transferred back to the 99 thanks to Jake.
Ken Marino as Captain Jason "C.J." Stentley, the Nine-Nine's temporary, under-qualified captain. Not wanting his ineptitude to be evident, he gives everyone everything they ask for until Amy eventually requests he start being more firm. This backfires after he rejects their request to go to Florida and assist Jake and Holt and he assigns them to the night shift. He is eventually removed from the Captain position after he is awarded for taking down a major drug dealer (that Jake and Holt primarily took care of) and demonstrates his lack of professionalism in front of a group of reporters. It's revealed that Holt called the reporters in to help the crew return to the day shift.
Eva Longoria as Sophia Perez, a defense attorney who dates Jake in season 2. Jake and Sophia meet and engage in a one-night stand before he discovers that she represents a criminal against whom he is testifying. Despite the initial hostility this causes, they eventually reconcile and begin a relationship. Sophia later ends the relationship due to their professional and personal incompatibility, which leaves Jake saddened.
Allison Tolman as Capt. Olivia Crawford, a candidate for the Commissioner position Holt is also seeking. She holds the belief that precincts should be eliminated, creating a rivalry with Holt. However, when she and Holt realize that their competition will split the votes and cause the unwanted third candidate to win, she withdraws her candidacy as she believes Holt is a great choice and he was the reason she was in the running for so long when he called out the selection committee for their sexism.

text: Family and friends of main characters[edit]

text:
Kevin Dorff as Hank, the bartender at Shaws Bar, the squad's favorite bar. He throws the squad out when Amy destroys the bar in "Thanksgiving". In "The Last Ride", he tells Gina to get out from behind the bar but she ignores him.
Marc Evan Jackson as Kevin Cozner, Holt's husband and the Chair of Columbia University's Classics Department. He dislikes the NYPD due to their treatment of Holt and his homosexuality during his earlier years on the force, but thaws a little when Jake shows him how much the 99th respects and cares for Holt. Like his husband, Kevin is cold, sardonic and unemotional, although he claims that Raymond is the "funny" one in their relationship, something that puzzles the detectives. Cozner develops a rapport with Holt's assistant Gina Linetti, referring to her by her first name (by contrast, he takes pains to always call Jake "Peralta"). He also learned a couple of self-defense techniques from his husband, and used it to rescue Holt and Jake from Seamus Murphy. The two own a Pembroke Welsh Corgi named Cheddar.
Craig Robinson as Doug Judy a.k.a. "The Pontiac Bandit", an intelligent, happy-go-lucky thief and forger who exclusively steals Pontiac vehicles. In "Pontiac Bandit," Peralta and Diaz bring Judy in for questioning related to the Pontiac Bandit, unaware that he is the perpetrator of the thefts. He leads the detectives to a red-herring suspect, escaping before they discover that Judy is their real target. He is later apprehended in "The Pontiac Bandit Returns", but offers to assist Diaz and Peralta in a drug investigation in exchange for a lighter sentence, and again manages to escape during the investigation. He returns again in "The Cruise," where he gets Jake and Amy's protection from a potential assassin on a cruise ship before escaping yet again. In season 4, Doug's former foster brother, George, escapes a prison bus wreck, and Peralta brings in Doug to help capture his brother. Afterwards, Doug Judy is given immunity for his past crimes. In "Hostage Situation", he appears to have gone straight and has started selling cars to child celebrities. When a shady figure from his past shows up and threatens his mother, he gets Jake's help in taking him down, but escapes the cops and steals diamonds that nearly cost Jake his job. However, Jake is invited to a karaoke room which they performed in during the plan and tells him that he'll be leaving for an unknown destination, recorded a couple of songs for Jake and Amy's wedding, and left Jake the diamonds he stole to ensure that his friend won't be punished for letting him escape.

text:
Stephen Root as Lynn Boyle, Charles's father who engages in a romantic encounter with Gina's mother, Darlene, and eventually marries her. He is a retired florist and is known to get overly eager and take big risks like his son.
Sandra Bernhard as Darlene Linetti, Gina's mother, who engages in a romantic encounter with Charles's father, Lynn, and eventually marries him. She is a travel agent and shares her daughter's confidence and superstitions.
Marilu Henner as Vivian Ludley, a food author who becomes romantically involved with Boyle. In "Full Boyle", she and Boyle become engaged, until she breaks it off in "Charges and Specs" when she wants to move to Canada and Boyle is not willing to do so.
Bradley Whitford as Captain Roger Peralta, Jake's absentee father and commercial airline pilot. He left his family when Jake was at a young age and has cheated on his wife with multiple women. He eventually attempts to reconcile with Jake and Karen even when the latter knew about an affair with their neighbor. In "Two Turkeys" it's revealed that besides Jake he has three daughters with other women and an unknown amount of other sons.
Katey Sagal as Karen Peralta, Jake's mother. She is a public school art teacher who worked hard to raise Jake as a single mother after Roger left the family. Despite their past, Karen eventually begins dating Roger again much to Jake's discomfort.
Merrin Dungey as Sharon Jeffords, Terry's wife. She is kind and supportive towards her husband and his profession, but can occasionally be stubborn and doesn't like being lied to. She is often seen taking care of their twin daughters Cagney and Lacey and eventually gives birth to their third daughter Ava on the show.
Jamal Duff as Zeke, Sergeant Jeffords' brother-in-law. Zeke often taunts Terry for his shorter height and profession, leaving the latter to turn to Captain Holt for help.
Jimmy Smits as Victor Santiago, Amy's father. He is a retired cop and is shown to be overly organized and competitive like his daughter. He initially doesn't approve of Amy's relationship with Jake, but changes his mind and respects his daughter's decision after the two solve one of Victor's older cases.
Bertila Damas as Camila Santiago, Amy's mother. Like her daughter, she can occasionally be over-controlling and competitive.
Nick Cannon as Marcus, Holt's nephew, who begins a romantic relationship with Detective Rosa Diaz in season 2. Rosa breaks up with him in season 3 due to him being too emotional for her.
Niecy Nash as Debbie, Holt's sister. Unlike her brother, she tends to be loud and overdramatic about her life, making it difficult for Holt to be around her.
Mary Lynn Rajskub as Genevieve Mirren-Carter, an art curator who was initially framed for stealing her own paintings for the insurance money. She was eventually vindicated by Charles, and begins dating him over similar interests. Genevieve and Charles adopted a son, Nicolaj, on whom he dotes.
L. Scott Caldwell as Laverne, Holt's mother and a federal judge. Holt refers to her as "Your Honor".
Danny Trejo as Oscar Diaz, Rosa's father. He's intimidating and tough like his daughter, though Rosa mentioned in an earlier episode that he was a teacher. When Rosa comes out as bisexual, he doesn't take it well at first, but manages to accept his daughter for who she is.
Olga Merediz as Julia Diaz, Rosa's mother. Unlike her husband, she still hasn't fully accepted her daughter's bisexuality.
Nasim Pedrad as Katie Peralta, Jake's half-sister on his father's side as a result of Roger's affairs. She lives in Dallas, Texas and has a chaotic personality that Jake and Amy have a hard time handling.
Sarah Baker as Kylie, Amy's best friend.

text: Antagonists[edit]

text:
Chris Parnell as Geoffrey Hoytsman, Sophia's boss at the Public Defender's office, who has issues with drugs. Jake arrests him for using cocaine in "The Defense Rests". He returns in "Sabotage", where he attempts to get revenge on Jake, but is foiled by Amy and Rosa.
Aida Turturro as Maura Figgis, the sister of notorious gangster Jimmy "The Butcher" Figgis. She leads a prison gang in a maximum security women's penitentiary in Texas. Amy goes undercover as "Isobel Cortez" within the prison to learn the identity of Figgis' FBI contact from Maura.
Eric Roberts as Jimmy "The Butcher" Figgis, a mobster whom Pimento went undercover to investigate. He made a threat against Jake and Holt's lives, forcing them to go into hiding.
Dennis Haysbert as Bob Annderson, a former partner of Holt's who now works for the FBI. He is brought in to help find info on the mole working for Jimmy "The Butcher" Figgis, but when going to interrogate a witness, Annderson pulls a gun on Holt and reveals that he was the mole the entire time. The Nine-Nine are eventually able to capture Annderson, and con him into revealing the files he has on Figgis, leading to Annderson's arrest, and the destruction of Figgis' empire.
Gina Gershon as Lieutenant Melanie Hawkins, the head of the NYPD's most elite task force. Jake and Rosa both admired her and competed against each other for a spot on her team. They soon learn that she is corrupt and running a bank robbery crew. When they try to work undercover to bring her down, she manages to frame Jake and Rosa and get them convicted for armed robbery. However, Holt receives inside information from mobster Seamus Murphy to bring Hawkins down and clear Jake and Rosa's names.
Paul Adelstein as Seamus Murphy, a local mobster. He assisted the Nine-Nine in exposing Hawkins' crimes, as the two sides saw Hawkins as a common threat. However, it came at the price of Captain Holt owing him a favor in return for the information to bring Hawkins down and free Jake and Rosa. Jake, Charles, and Holt found a loophole when Murphy came for his favor allowing Holt to keep up his end of the bargain and secretly stop their plan thanks to Seamus' nephew Kyle. When Seamus discovers this, he threatens Kevin's life. Holt and Jake are captured by the mobster while trying to protect Kevin, however Kevin manages to take Murphy down himself and rescue the both of them. Following his defeat, Murphy and his men are apprehended by the FBI.

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Fred Armisen as Mlepclaynos, a confused foreign man living in a building where a murder took place. The detectives run into Mlepnos in the pilot episode while searching for witnesses, showing him a photo of the victim, which he keeps. He shows up again in "Operation: Broken Feather". In "Jake and Amy", Hitchcock and Scully recruit him to perform the violin at Jake and Amy's wedding, and he appears to have no memory of the couple.
Andy Richter as a sarcastic and childish doorman who refuses to assist Jake during a routine questioning.
Pete Davidson as Steve, an at risk kid who interrupts and makes fun of Diaz and Santiago. When Gina list her reasons for joining the program, he still doesn't sign up for the Junior Police program.
Stacy Keach as Jimmy Brogan, a crime writer from the 1970s whom Peralta greatly admires. Brogan is revealed to be bigoted, racist, homophobic, vengeful, and manipulative, disillusioning Peralta and leading to a physical altercation between the two when Peralta punches Brogan for slurs against Capt. Holt.
Kid Cudi as Dustin Whitman, a perpetrator Jake arrests on suspicion of burglary. Whitman mocks Jake by calling him "Joke Peralta" when he learns that Jake does not have sufficient evidence to convict him of a crime, but learns to his regret that he has underestimated Det. Peralta's ability.
Adam Sandler as himself, appearing at an auction Jake went undercover at. He proceeds to humiliate Jake onstage.
Joe Theismann as himself, appearing at an auction Jake went undercover at.
Jenny Slate as Bianca, the girlfriend of a powerful Italian-American mobster.
Dan Bakkedahl as Lieutenant Andrew Miller, an investigator from Internal Affairs. He investigates the 99th Precinct for a possible undercover mole, until the detectives discover that he himself is spying on the precinct at the behest of Wuntch. Miller suffers from paranoid germophobia.
Ed Helms as Jack Danger (pronounced donger), an egomaniacal, incompetent, obnoxious agent for the United States Postal Inspection Service whom Jake had to deal with while tracking the Giggle Pig drug gang.
Nick Kroll as Agent Kendrick, a condescending agent from the Department of Homeland Security who has no respect for the NYPD and makes detectives from the Nine-Nine serve as taped-up "hostages" during a counterterrorism training exercise for Federal law enforcement agencies. After Jake leads a 99th rebellion that sees the cops take out nearly all of the Feds, Kendrick manages to "shoot" Jake and informs him the NYPD will not be invited to any future events.
Garret Dillahunt as Detective Dave Majors, New York City's best detective whom Jake and Amy greatly admire. He takes an interest in Amy much to Jake's dismay, but she turns him down, citing her previous relationship with Teddy.
Bill Hader as Captain Seth Dozerman, the new Captain of the 99th Precinct after the transfer of Captain Holt to the Public Affairs Division. Within moments of meeting the squad he rants about their lack of efficiency and his obsession with it, before suffering a heart attack. On his second day he discloses that he has a genetic heart condition that drastically reduces his life expectancy. He then suffers another heart attack, and dies.
Neil deGrasse Tyson as himself, appearing in the precinct to aide Gina in her study of astrophysics. He is Terry’s gym buddy.
Kathryn Hahn as Eleanor, Charles's ex-wife who appears after Charles attempts to withdraw his sperm from cold storage.
Damon Wayans Jr. as Detective Stevie Schillens, Jake's former partner who comes to the precinct after renovations commence at his own.
Nick Offerman as Frederick, Captain Holt's ex-boyfriend who broke up with him after Holt threw Frederick's duck ornament off of the Brooklyn Bridge.
Maya Rudolph as U.S. Marshall Karen Haas, Jake and Holt's contact while they are in Witness Protection in Florida.
Rhea Perlman as Estelle, a member of Holt's alias Greg's walking group.
Jorma Taccone as Taylor, the manager of a children's funhouse Holt works at while hiding as Greg.
Esther Povitsky as Emily, Gina's new assistant granted by Captain Stentley. She's under strict orders from Gina to mock Amy whenever there's an opening.
Jim O'Heir as Sheriff Reynolds, a homophobic police officer in Florida who detains Jake and Holt after stopping them with a copious number of guns and amount of ammo.
Zooey Deschanel as Jess Day, a Los Angeles resident who is visiting New York and unwillingly assists Jake in chasing a suspect. Deschanel's appearance is part of a crossover between Brooklyn Nine-Nine and New Girl.[9]
Fred Melamed as DC Parlov, the author of the Skyfire books, which Terry (and later Jake) are huge fans of. He begins to receive death threats, resulting in Jake and Terry having to protect him. Later the manuscript for his upcoming book is stolen, but it turns out to be an inside job resulting in his arrest.
Marshawn Lynch as himself, who witnesses a prison escape after the transport van crashes.
Charles Baker as George Judy, an escaped convicted murderer, and Doug Judy's former foster brother.
Kimberly Hebert Gregory as Veronica Hopkins, Terry's ex-girlfriend and fellow NYPD officer. She holds a massive grudge against Terry for their break-up (as she finds out Terry planned to break up with her a year earlier without telling her) and holds it against the precinct when she's assigned to audit it.
Nathan Fillion as Mark Deveraux, an actor who plays a detective on a series called Serve & Protect. Deveraux attempts to assist Jake and Rosa when a crime occurs on the show's set, though he's later revealed to be the culprit and is kicked off the show.
Greg Germann as Gary Lurmax, the executive producer of Serve & Protect. He nearly gives Jake a consulting position on the show, but after Jake lashes out at him and accuses him of a crime he didn't commit, he gets back at Jake by creating an unlikable character on the show named Jake Peralta and has him brutally murdered.
Brent Briscoe as Matthew Langdon, an ex-NYPD officer who went into hiding once learning of Hawkins crookedness. It's later revealed he's an associate of Hawkins, tricking Jake and Rosa into bringing him in as a witness.
Paul F. Tompkins as a captain of a cruise ship where Jake and Amy go on a vacation together.
Ryan Phillippe as Milton,[10] a Boyle cousin who begins a relationship with Gina when he impregnates her.
Brent Briscoe as Matthew Langdon, a former team member of Hawkins who initially claims to have been threatened to be killed by her, but reveals that he helped frame Peralta and Diaz.
Eugene Cordero as Pandemic, a hacker and friend of Boyle who tries to help clear Peralta and Diaz from crimes.
Kulap Vilaysack as Nightmare, a hacker and colleague of Pandemic who tries to help clear Peralta and Diaz of bank robbery.
Scott Aukerman as Glandis, a hacker and colleague of Pandemic who tries to help clear Peralta and Diaz of bank robbery.
Tim Meadows as Caleb, Jake's cellmate, a cannibal child murderer into woodworking.[11]
Lou Diamond Phillips as Jeff Romero, another inmate whose gang Jake joins.[11]
Winston Story as Bill, a prostitute whom Charles and Jake hire on the fifth Halloween heist due to his resemblance to Charles. He gets the two involved in a pyramid scheme called "Nutriboom."
Maria Thayer as Jean Munhroe, The Vulture's ex-fiancé who works at a charity that provides rice to starving children in Africa.
Rob Huebel as Landon Lawson, a rival fantasy author to Parlov.
Reggie Lee as Dr. Ronald Yee, a forensic expert whom Holt and Amy try to impress.
Mike Mitchell as Kyle Murphy, Seamus' dimwitted nephew that's been excluded from the Mafia family for his ineptitude.
Sterling K. Brown as Philip Davidson, a dentist who is a suspect in a murder case that Holt and Peralta interrogate throughout a night.[12]
David Fumero as Vin Stermly, Amy's favorite crossword puzzle author who is also a swimsuit model.
David Paymer as Sam Jepson, a friend of Vin's who Jake suspects is behind a series of fires.
Jay Chandrasekhar as himself, who gets conned into being the celebrity spokesperson for the pyramid scheme Nutriboom.
Blake Anderson as Constantine Kane, a member of a rock band that Amy once dated. He is still in love with Amy and takes a gig to perform at Jake and Amy's wedding to try to win her back, but Amy burns the contract before it can happen.
Reginald VelJohnson as himself, who Charles hires for Jake's Bachelor Party to give a clue for their scavenger hunt but ends up being their designated driver.
Gina Rodriguez as Alicia, a potential love interest for Rosa whom Terry tries to push towards.
Kyle Gass as Dario Moretti, a money launderer turned bomber who attempted to ruin Jake and Amy's nuptials by planting a bomb in the air vents of the recreation center on the day of their wedding.


document_title: Trip the light fantastic (phrase)

question_text: what does it mean to trip the light fantastic

root

text: Trip the light fantastic (phrase)

text: To "trip the light fantastic" is to dance nimbly or lightly, or to move in a pattern to musical accompaniment.[1] It is often used in a humorous vein.[2][3] As early as 1908 it was viewed as a cliché or hackneyed phrase.[4] Grammatically, it is an example of a constructionally idiosyncratic idiom,[5] in that it is impossible to construct a meaningful literal-scene from the formal structure.[6] As such it should be viewed as a catena.

tag: p

text: History[edit]

text: This phrase evolved through a series of usages and references. The phrase is typically attributed to Milton's 1645 poem L'Allegro,[2][7][8] which includes the lines

text:
Com, and trip it as ye go,
On the light fantastick toe.

text: The imagery of tripping on toes also appears in Shakespeare's The Tempest: "Before you can say come, and goe, / And breathe twice; and cry, so, so: / Each one tripping on his Toe, / Will be here with mop, and mowe."

text: This expression was popularized in the American song "Sidewalks of New York" (melody and text by Charles B. Lawlor and James W. Blake) in 1894.[8] Part of the chorus: "Boys and girls together, me and Mamie O'Rourke / Tripped the light fantastic / On the sidewalks of New York." Those lyrics were probably inspired by "The Ballet Girl", a song popularized by Tony Pastor at his Bowery "Opera House" in the mid-19th century that had as the chorus: "While she danced on her light fantastic toe, / Round the stage she used to go; / Had it not been for a man named Joe, / She might have belonged to me."[9]

text: The idiom "to trip the light fandango" was already in usage in the US as a phrase for carefree dancing in a Spanish or Latin American fandango style by the time of World War II (see, for example, its usage in the recording "South America", Vitaphone Release 1460A, 1945).

text: Chester Himes uses a variation on the phrase: "Colored boys and girls in ski ensembles and ballet skirts were skating the light fantastic at two o'clock ... "[10]

text: In 1967, English rock band Procol Harum released its hit song, "A Whiter Shade of Pale", with lyrics by Keith Reid, that included a play on the phrase with "skip the light fandango", casting Milton's light and nimble dancing in a modernist perspective.[8]

text: More recent usage includes a line from Quentin Tarantino's movie Inglourious Basterds; a song title on electronica artist BT's debut album, Ima;[11] Sophie Ellis-Bextor's 2007 album Trip the Light Fantastic; Mary Lou Lord's song, "Lights are Changing"; and The Light Fantastic, the second book in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series.


document_title: Hayden Christensen

question_text: who played the ghost of anakin skywalker in episode 6

text: Hayden Christensen

text: Early life

text: Christensen was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Alie, an American speechwriter, and David Christensen, a Canadian computer programmer and communications executive.[1][2] His father is of Danish descent, and his mother has Swedish and Italian ancestry.[2] Christensen is one of four children, with three actor siblings: older brother Tove, older sister Hejsa, and younger sister Kaylen.[1][3] Christensen was an athlete in high school, playing hockey competitively and tennis on a provincial level.[4]

text: He spent summers on Long Island with his maternal grandmother, Rose Schwartz, and attended the Actors Studio in New York City; he studied as well at the Arts York drama program at Unionville High School in Markham, Ontario.[5] After accompanying his older sister to her agent's office after she landed a role in a Pringles commercial, he began being cast in commercials as well, including for Triaminic cough syrup.[5]

text: Career

text: Christensen made his acting debut in September 1993, when, at the age of 12, he played a supporting role on the German-Canadian television series Macht Der Leidenschaft/Family Passions.[6] The following year, he had a minor role in John Carpenter's In the Mouth of Madness.[6] From 1995 through 1999, he appeared in several films and television series, including Harrison Bergeron, Forever Knight, Goosebumps, The Virgin Suicides, and Are You Afraid of the Dark?[6]

text: He acquired wider notice while starring in Fox Family Channel's television series Higher Ground in 2000, portraying a teen who was sexually molested by his stepmother, and then turned to drugs in his despair.[6][7]

text: Christensen's critically acclaimed portrayal of a misunderstood teenager in Life as a House (2001) earned him Golden Globe and SAG Award nominations, as well as the National Board of Review's award for Breakthrough Performance of the Year.[8][9][10] However, the performance did not receive widespread public notice.[7] In 2002, Christensen made his London theatre debut with Jake Gyllenhaal and Anna Paquin in This Is Our Youth.[11]

text: He went on to receive good reviews for 2003's Shattered Glass, which tells the true story of journalist Stephen Glass, who was discovered to be fabricating stories as a writer for The New Republic and other publications.[12][13] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote, "Hayden Christensen is sensational as Glass, finding the wonder boy and the weasel in a disturbed kid flying high on a fame he hasn't earned."[14] In 2005, Christensen made his Broadway debut when he appeared briefly in a 10-minute play.

text: In 2005, he took part in the fifth annual "24 Hour Plays" benefit, which raises cash for nonprofit groups in the Big Apple.[15]

text: Star Wars

text: On May 12, 2000, Christensen announced that he would be starring as Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005). The casting director reviewed about 1,500 other candidates before director George Lucas selected Christensen.[16] Lucas is quoted as saying that he chose Christensen because he "needed an actor who has that presence of the Dark Side". This was essential to solidify the story that Lucas was trying to tell: Anakin Skywalker's fall from grace and transformation into Darth Vader.

text: During the production of Revenge of the Sith, Christensen asked Lucas if a special Vader suit could be constructed to fit his own body, rather than have a different actor don one of the original sets of Vader armor worn by David Prowse.[17] Lucas agreed, and a suit was engineered to fit Christensen's frame, even including extensions to allow for the actor to attain Vader's 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) height. His voice as the "robotic" Vader, however, was dubbed over by James Earl Jones, who first made the voice famous in the original trilogy.[18]

text: Stock footage of Christensen was used in the 2004 DVD-release edition of Return of the Jedi, where he was inserted to replace Sebastian Shaw as the ghost of the redeemed Anakin Skywalker.[19] This was one of the most controversial changes.[20][21] Lucas wanted Anakin's inner person to return to who he was before he turned to the dark side.[22] Christensen insisted this was done without his knowledge, an act that was confirmed by Lucasfilm itself in the featurette "Return of the Jedi: What has changed?" as seen on the official website to commemorate the 2006 DVDs.[23]

text: His performance in both Episode II and III received generally mixed reviews by critics[24][25][26][27] (earning him the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor in both films).[28][29][30]

text: Christensen was named in both People magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People and Teen People's 25 Hottest Stars under 25.[31] For his performance in Episode III, he won the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain.[32]

text: Between 2006 and 2007, he starred in Awake, with Jessica Alba, which tells the story of a man who remains awake but paralyzed during heart surgery,[6][33] and co-starred in Factory Girl, opposite Sienna Miller and Guy Pearce.[6][34] Christensen next co-starred with Samuel L. Jackson, Jamie Bell, and Rachel Bilson in the film Jumper, the story of a young man who discovers he has the ability to teleport; the film was released on February 14, 2008.[35][36] Bilson and Christensen co-starred again in the same segment of the film New York, I Love You.[37] Christensen appeared opposite Mischa Barton in Virgin Territory, which was released directly-to-DVD in North America on August 26, 2008.[38] The film, based on The Decameron, is about a group of people who escape the Black Plague epidemic by hiding out in a Tuscan villa in Italy.[39]

text: In October 2009, Christensen started shooting the horror film Vanishing on 7th Street, directed by Brad Anderson, with Thandie Newton and John Leguizamo.[40][41] Christensen appeared in the crime drama Takers with Idris Elba and Paul Walker, released in the United States on August 27, 2010.[42] Quantum Quest: A Cassini Space Odyssey is the fourth film in which Christensen stars with Samuel L. Jackson.

text: In 2010, Christensen sued USA Network over allegations that they stole his idea for the TV show Royal Pains. The suit alleges that Christensen met with USA to pitch a similar series entitled Housecalls. During the meeting, Christensen alleges, he was never informed that a similar program was in development.[43][44] Although a federal judge at first dismissed Christensen's lawsuit in 2011, in June 2012, the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals reversed this decision and remanded the case back to the district court for further proceedings, in what was considered a legal victory for Christensen.[45]

text: On May 20, 2013, during the Cannes Film Festival, the Russian company Enjoy Movies announced the creation of Glacier Films, an alliance company with Christensen and his brother Tove. Over a three-year period, Glacier Films intends to make 11 "micro-budget" movies costing $1.5M each. The first project, American Heist, starring Christensen, Adrien Brody and Jordana Brewster, started filming in June 2013. It is a remake of Steve McQueen's The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery.[46] In 2014, he starred in the American-Chinese-Canadian film Outcast, an action drama, alongside Nicolas Cage.[47]

text: Personal life

text: In 2007, Christensen began dating actress Rachel Bilson, with whom he filmed the movie Jumper. They became engaged on December 25, 2008.[48][49] In mid-2010, they broke up, but began dating again a few months later.[50][51][52][53] On October 29, 2014, Bilson gave birth to their daughter Briar Rose.[54]

text: In 2007, Christensen bought a farm near Uxbridge, Ontario.[55][56] He noted in 2008 that he had been renovating the property himself and devoting time to learning about "livestock, crops, and agricultural machinery".[55] In November 2013, Christensen collaborated with Canadian fashion chain RW&Co to release a men's clothing line inspired by his farm.[57]

text: An avid Toronto Maple Leafs fan,[citation needed] Christensen performed a public service announcement for Do Something's Teens for Jeans Campaign in 2008.[58] He modelled in Louis Vuitton's advertising,[59] and was also named as the face of Lacoste's newest fragrance, Lacoste Challenge.[60] He was featured in RED's Lazarus Effect Campaign, which is intended to increase awareness for its efforts to fight AIDS in Africa.[61][62]

text: Filmography

text:
Film

Year
Title
Character
Notes

1995
In the Mouth of Madness
Paper boy

1996
No Greater Love
Teddy Winfield

1995
Street Law
Young John Ryan

1998
The Hairy Bird
Tinka's date

1999
The Virgin Suicides
Jake Hill Conley

1999
Free Fall
Patrick Brennan

2001
Life as a House
Sam Monroe
Young Hollywood Award One to Watch – Male
National Board of Review – Best Breakthrough Performance by an Actor
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion Picture
Nominated – Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated – Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance
Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Awards – Most Promising Performer

2002
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
Anakin Skywalker
Cannes Film Festival – Male Revelation
Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor
Nominated – Saturn Award – Cinescape Genre Face of the Future Award
Nominated – Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie Actor: Action
Nominated – Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie: Chemistry (shared with Natalie Portman)
Nominated – Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie: Liplock (shared with Natalie Portman)
Nominated – Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie: Male Breakout Star

2003
Shattered Glass
Stephen Glass
Las Palmas Film Festival – Best Actor (shared with Peter Sarsgaard)
Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama

2004
Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi
Anakin Skywalker
DVD Re-release

2005
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
Anakin Skywalker / Darth Vader
ShoWest – Male Star of Tomorrow
MTV Movie Award for Best Villain
Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor
Nominated – Saturn Award – Best Actor
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (shared with Ewan McGregor)
Nominated – Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie Actor: Action
Nominated – Teen Choice Award – Choice Movie: Villain

2006
Factory Girl
Billy Quinn

2007
Awake
Clayton "Clay" Beresford, Jr.
Nominated – Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo (shared with Jessica Alba)

2007
Virgin Territory
Lorenzo de Lamberti

2008
Jumper
David Rice
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (shared with Jamie Bell)

2009
New York, I Love You
Ben
Segment: "Jiang Wen"

2010
Takers
AJ
Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Ensemble

2010
Vanishing on 7th Street
Luke Ryder

2010
Quantum Quest: A Cassini Space Odyssey
Jammer (voice)

2014
Outcast
Jacob

2014
American Heist
James Kelly

2015
90 Minutes in Heaven
Don Piper

2017
First Kill
Billy

2017
Numb, at the Edge of the End
Kurt
Post-production

2018
Little Italy
Leo Campo
Filming

text:
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

1993
Family Passions
Skip McDeere
Unknown episodes

1995
Love and Betrayal: The Mia Farrow Story
Fletcher
Television film

1995
Harrison Bergeron
Eric
Television film

1996
No Greater Love
Teddy Winfield
Television film

1996
Forever Knight
Andre
Episode: "Fallen Idol"

1997
Goosebumps
Zane
Episode: "Night of the Living Dummy III"

1999
Real Kids, Real Adventures
Eli Goodner
Episode: "Paralyzed: The Eli Goodner Story"

1999
Are You Afraid of the Dark?
Kirk
Episode: "The Tale of Bigfoot Ridge"

1999
The Famous Jett Jackson
Steven
Episode: "Popularity"

2000
Trapped in a Purple Haze
Orin Krieg
Television film

2000
Higher Ground
Scott Barringer
22 episodes


document_title: Carrot

question_text: what part of the carrot is the seed

question_tokens: what part of the carrot is the seed

text: Carrot

text: Etymology

text: The word is first recorded in English circa 1530 and was borrowed from Middle French carotte,[2] itself from Late Latin carōta, from Greek καρωτόν or karōton, originally from the Indo-European root *ker- (horn), due to its horn-like shape. In Old English, carrots (typically white at the time) were not clearly distinguished from parsnips: the two were collectively called moru or more (from Proto-Indo-European *mork- "edible root", cf. German Möhre).

text: Various languages still use the same word for "carrot" as they do for "root"; e.g. Dutch wortel.[3]

text: History

text: Both written history and molecular genetic studies indicate that the domestic carrot has a single origin in Central Asia.[4] Its wild ancestors probably originated in Persia (regions of which are now Iran and Afghanistan), which remains the centre of diversity for the wild carrot Daucus carota. A naturally occurring subspecies of the wild carrot was presumably bred selectively over the centuries to reduce bitterness, increase sweetness and minimise the woody core; this process produced the familiar garden vegetable.[5][6]

text: When they were first cultivated, carrots were grown for their aromatic leaves and seeds rather than their roots. Carrot seeds have been found in Switzerland and Southern Germany dating back to 2000–3000 BC.[8] Some close relatives of the carrot are still grown for their leaves and seeds, such as parsley, cilantro, coriander, fennel, anise, dill and cumin. The first mention of the root in classical sources is from the 1st century;[9] the Romans ate a root vegetable called pastinaca,[10] which may have been either the carrot or the closely related parsnip.[11][12]

text: The plant is depicted and described in the Eastern Roman Juliana Anicia Codex, a 6th-century AD Constantinopolitan copy of the Greek physician Dioscorides' 1st-century pharmacopoeia of herbs and medicines, De Materia Medica. Three different types of carrots are depicted, and the text states that "the root can be cooked and eaten".[13]

text: The plant was introduced into Spain by the Moors in the 8th century.[14] In the 10th century, roots from West Asia, India and Europe were purple.[15] The modern carrot originated in Afghanistan at about this time.[9] The 11th-century Jewish scholar Simeon Seth describes both red and yellow carrots,[16] as does the 12th-century Arab-Andalusian agriculturist, Ibn al-'Awwam.[17] Cultivated carrots appeared in China in the 14th century, and in Japan in the 18th century.[9]

text: There are many claims that Dutch growers created orange carrots in the 17th century to honor the Dutch flag at the time.[15] Other authorities argue these claims lack convincing evidence.[18] Modern carrots were described at about this time by the English antiquary John Aubrey (1626–1697): "Carrots were first sown at Beckington in Somersetshire. Some very old Man there [in 1668] did remember their first bringing hither."[19] European settlers introduced the carrot to colonial America in the 17th century.[20]

text: Outwardly purple carrots, still orange on the inside, were sold in British stores beginning in 2002.[15]

text: Description

text: Daucus carota is a biennial plant. In the first year, its rosette of leaves produces large amounts of sugars, which are stored in the taproot to provide energy for the plant to flower in the second year.

text: Soon after germination, carrot seedlings show a distinct demarcation between taproot and stem: the stem is thicker and lacks lateral roots. At the upper end of the stem is the seed leaf. The first true leaf appears about 10–15 days after germination. Subsequent leaves are alternate (with a single leaf attached to a node), spirally arranged, and pinnately compound, with leaf bases sheathing the stem. As the plant grows, the bases of the seed leaves, near the taproot, are pushed apart. The stem, located just above the ground, is compressed and the internodes are not distinct. When the seed stalk elongates for flowering, the tip of the stem narrows and becomes pointed, and the stem extends upward to become a highly branched inflorescence up to 60–200 cm (20–80 in) tall.[21]

text: Most of the taproot consists of a pulpy outer cortex (phloem) and an inner core (xylem). High-quality carrots have a large proportion of cortex compared to core. Although a completely xylem-free carrot is not possible, some cultivars have small and deeply pigmented cores; the taproot can appear to lack a core when the colour of the cortex and core are similar in intensity. Taproots are typically long and conical, although cylindrical and nearly-spherical cultivars are available. The root diameter can range from 1 cm (0.4 in) to as much as 10 cm (4 in) at the widest part. The root length ranges from 5 to 50 cm (2 to 20 in), although most are between 10 and 25 cm (4 and 10 in).[21]

text: Flower development begins when the flat meristem changes from producing leaves to an uplifted, conical meristem capable of producing stem elongation and a cluster of flowers. The cluster is a compound umbel, and each umbel contains several smaller umbels (umbellets). The first (primary) umbel occurs at the end of the main floral stem; smaller secondary umbels grow from the main branch, and these further branch into third, fourth, and even later-flowering umbels. A large, primary umbel can contain up to 50 umbellets, each of which may have as many as 50 flowers; subsequent umbels have fewer flowers. Individual flowers are small and white, sometimes with a light green or yellow tint. They consist of five petals, five stamens, and an entire calyx. The stamens usually split and fall off before the stigma becomes receptive to receive pollen. The stamens of the brown, male, sterile flowers degenerate and shrivel before the flower fully opens. In the other type of male sterile flower, the stamens are replaced by petals, and these petals do not fall off. A nectar-containing disc is present on the upper surface of the carpels.[21]

text: Flowers change sex in their development, so the stamens release their pollen before the stigma of the same flower is receptive. The arrangement is centripetal, meaning the oldest flowers are near the edge and the youngest flowers are in the center. Flowers usually first open at the outer edge of the primary umbel, followed about a week later on the secondary umbels, and then in subsequent weeks in higher-order umbels. The usual flowering period of individual umbels is 7 to 10 days, so a plant can be in the process of flowering for 30–50 days. The distinctive umbels and floral nectaries attract pollinating insects. After fertilization and as seeds develop, the outer umbellets of an umbel bend inward causing the umbel shape to change from slightly convex or fairly flat to concave, and when cupped it resembles a bird's nest.[21]

text: The fruit that develops is a schizocarp consisting of two mericarps; each mericarp is a true seed. The paired mericarps are easily separated when they are dry. Premature separation (shattering) before harvest is undesirable because it can result in seed loss. Mature seeds are flattened on the commissural side that faced the septum of the ovary. The flattened side has five longitudinal ribs. The bristly hairs that protrude from some ribs are usually removed by abrasion during milling and cleaning. Seeds also contain oil ducts and canals. Seeds vary somewhat in size, ranging from less than 500 to more than 1000 seeds per gram.[21]

text: The carrot is a diploid species, and has nine relatively short, uniform-length chromosomes (2n=18).[4] The genome size is estimated to be 473 mega base pairs, which is four times larger than Arabidopsis thaliana, one-fifth the size of the maize genome, and about the same size as the rice genome.[22]

text: Chemistry

text: Polyacetylenes can be found in Apiaceae vegetables like carrots where they show cytotoxic activities.[23][24] Falcarinol and falcarindiol (cis-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol)[25] are such compounds. This latter compound shows antifungal activity towards Mycocentrospora acerina and Cladosporium cladosporioides.[25] Falcarindiol is the main compound responsible for bitterness in carrots.[26]

text: Other compounds such as pyrrolidine (present in the leaves),[27] 6-hydroxymellein,[28] 6-methoxymellein, eugenin, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (gazarin) or (Z)-3-acetoxy-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diin-8-ol (falcarindiol 3-acetate) can also be found in carrot.

text: Cultivation

text: Carrots are grown from seed and can take up to four months (120 days) to mature, but most cultivars mature within 70 to 80 days under the right conditions.[29] They grow best in full sun but tolerate some shade.[30] The optimum temperature is 16 to 21 °C (61 to 70 °F).[31] The ideal soil is deep, loose and well-drained, sandy or loamy, with a pH of 6.3 to 6.8.[32] Fertilizer should be applied according to soil type because the crop requires low levels of nitrogen, moderate phosphate and high potash. Rich or rocky soils should be avoided, as these will cause the roots to become hairy and/or misshapen.[33] Irrigation is applied when needed to keep the soil moist. After sprouting, the crop is eventually thinned to a spacing of 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) and weeded to prevent competition beneath the soil.[29][34]

text: Cultivation problems

text: There are several diseases that can reduce the yield and market value of carrots. The most devastating carrot disease is Alternaria leaf blight, which has been known to eradicate entire crops. A bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris can also be destructive in warm, humid areas. Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) can cause stubby or forked roots, or galls.[35] Cavity spot, caused by the oomycetes Pythium violae and Pythium sulcatum, results in irregularly shaped, depressed lesions on the taproots.[36]

text: Physical damage can also reduce the value of carrot crops. The two main forms of damage are splitting, whereby a longitudinal crack develops during growth that can be a few centimetres to the entire length of the root, and breaking, which occurs postharvest. These disorders can affect over 30% of commercial crops. Factors associated with high levels of splitting include wide plant spacing, early sowing, lengthy growth durations, and genotype.[37]

text: Companion planting

text: Carrots benefit from strongly scented companion plants. The pungent odour of onions, leeks and chives help repel the carrot root fly,[32] and other vegetables that team well with carrots include lettuce, tomatoes and radishes, as well as the herbs rosemary and sage.[38] Carrots thrive in the presence of caraway, coriander, chamomile, marigold and Swan River daisy.[32] They can also be good companions for other plants; if left to flower, the carrot, like any umbellifer, attracts predatory wasps that kill many garden pests.[39]

text: Cultivars

text: Carrot cultivars can be grouped into two broad classes, eastern carrots and western carrots.[40] A number of novelty cultivars have been bred for particular characteristics.

text: "Eastern" (a European and American continent reference) carrots were domesticated in Persia (probably in the lands of modern-day Iran and Afghanistan within West Asia) during the 10th century, or possibly earlier. Specimens of the "eastern" carrot that survive to the present day are commonly purple or yellow, and often have branched roots. The purple colour common in these carrots comes from anthocyanin pigments.[41]

text: The western carrot emerged in the Netherlands in the 17th century,[42] There is a popular belief that its orange colour making it popular in those countries as an emblem of the House of Orange and the struggle for Dutch independence, although there is little evidence for this.[18] The orange colour results from abundant carotenes in these cultivars.

text: Western carrot cultivars are commonly classified by their root shape. The four general types are:

text:
Chantenay carrots. Although the roots are shorter than other cultivars, they have vigorous foliage and greater girth, being broad in the shoulders and tapering towards a blunt, rounded tip. They store well, have a pale-coloured core and are mostly used for processing.[34] Cultivars include 'Carson Hybrid' and 'Red Cored Chantenay'.
Danvers carrots. These have strong foliage and the roots are longer than Chantaney types, and they have a conical shape with a well-defined shoulder, tapering to a point. They are somewhat shorter than Imperator cultivars, but more tolerant of heavy soil conditions. Danvers cultivars store well and are used both fresh and for processing.[34] They were developed in 1871 in Danvers, Massachusetts.[43] Cultivars include 'Danvers Half Long' and 'Danvers 126'.
Imperator carrots. This cultivar has vigorous foliage, is of high sugar content, and has long and slender roots, tapering to a pointed tip. Imperator types are the most widely cultivated by commercial growers.[34] Cultivars include 'Imperator 58' and 'Sugarsnax Hybrid'.
Nantes carrots. These have sparse foliage, are cylindrical, short with a more blunt tip than Imperator types, and attain high yields in a range of conditions. The skin is easily damaged and the core is deeply pigmented. They are brittle, high in sugar and store less well than other types.[34] Cultivars include 'Nelson Hybrid', 'Scarlet Nantes' and 'Sweetness Hybrid'.

tag: ul

text: One particular cultivar lacks the usual orange pigment due to carotene, owing its white colour to a recessive gene for tocopherol (vitamin E), but this cultivar and wild carrots do not provide nutritionally significant amounts of vitamin E.[44]

text: Production

text:
Production of carrots and turnips – 2014

Country
Production (millions of tonnes)

 China

17.3

 Uzbekistan

1.8

 Russia

1.7

 United States

1.4

 Ukraine

0.9

World

38.8

Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations[45]

text: Carrots are one of the ten most economically important vegetable crops in the world.[46] In 2014, world production of carrots (combined with turnips) was 38.8 million tonnes, with China producing 45% of the world total (17.3 million tonnes, table).[45] Other major producers were Uzbekistan and Russia (5% and 4% of world total, respectively), the United States (4%) and Ukraine (2%).[45]

text: Storage

text: Carrots can be stored for several months in the refrigerator or over winter in a moist, cool place. For long term storage, unwashed carrots can be placed in a bucket between layers of sand, a 50/50 mix of sand and wood shavings, or in soil. A temperature range of 32 to 40 °F (0 to 5 °C) is best.[47][48]

text: Consumption

text: Carrots can be eaten in a variety of ways. Only 3 percent of the β-carotene in raw carrots is released during digestion: this can be improved to 39% by pulping, cooking and adding cooking oil.[49] Alternatively they may be chopped and boiled, fried or steamed, and cooked in soups and stews, as well as baby and pet foods. A well-known dish is carrots julienne.[50] Together with onion and celery, carrots are one of the primary vegetables used in a mirepoix to make various broths.[51]

text: The greens are edible as a leaf vegetable, but are rarely eaten by humans;[52] some sources suggest that the greens contain toxic alkaloids.[53][54] When used for this purpose, they are harvested young in high-density plantings, before significant root development, and typically used stir-fried, or in salads.[52] Some people are allergic to carrots. In a 2010 study on the prevalence of food allergies in Europe, 3.6 percent of young adults showed some degree of sensitivity to carrots.[55] Because the major carrot allergen, the protein Dauc c 1.0104, is cross-reactive with homologues in birch pollen (Bet v 1) and mugwort pollen (Art v 1), most carrot allergy sufferers are also allergic to pollen from these plants.[56]

text: In India carrots are used in a variety of ways, as salads or as vegetables added to spicy rice or dal dishes. A popular variation in north India is the Gajar Ka Halwa carrot dessert, which has carrots grated and cooked in milk until the whole mixture is solid, after which nuts and butter are added.[57] Carrot salads are usually made with grated carrots with a seasoning of mustard seeds and green chillies popped in hot oil. Carrots can also be cut in thin strips and added to rice, can form part of a dish of mixed roast vegetables or can be blended with tamarind to make chutney.[58]

text: Since the late 1980s, baby carrots or mini-carrots (carrots that have been peeled and cut into uniform cylinders) have been a popular ready-to-eat snack food available in many supermarkets.[59] Carrots are puréed and used as baby food, dehydrated to make chips, flakes, and powder, and thinly sliced and deep-fried, like potato chips.[60]

text: The sweetness of carrots allows the vegetable to be used in some fruit-like roles. Grated carrots are used in carrot cakes, as well as carrot puddings, an English dish thought to have originated in the early 19th century.[61] Carrots can also be used alone or blended with fruits in jams and preserves. Carrot juice is also widely marketed, especially as a health drink, either stand-alone or blended with juices extracted from fruits and other vegetables.[62]

text: Highly excessive consumption over a period of time results in a condition of carotenemia which is a yellowing of the skin caused by a build up of carotenoids.

text: Nutrition

text:
Carrots, raw

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy
173 kJ (41 kcal)

Carbohydrates

9.6 g

Sugars
4.7 g

Dietary fiber
2.8 g

Fat

0.24 g

Protein

0.93 g

Vitamins

(%DV)†
Qty

Vitamin A equiv.
beta-Carotene
lutein zeaxanthin

(104%)
835 μg

(77%)
8285 μg
256 μg

Thiamine (B1)

(6%)
0.066 mg

Riboflavin (B2)

(5%)
0.058 mg

Niacin (B3)

(7%)
0.983 mg

Pantothenic acid (B5)

(5%)
0.273 mg

Vitamin B6

(11%)
0.138 mg

Folate (B9)

(5%)
19 μg

Vitamin C

(7%)
5.9 mg

Vitamin E

(4%)
0.66 mg

Vitamin K

(13%)
13.2 μg

Minerals

Calcium

(3%)
33 mg

Iron

(2%)
0.3 mg

Magnesium

(3%)
12 mg

Manganese

(7%)
0.143 mg

Phosphorus

(5%)
35 mg

Potassium

(7%)
320 mg

Sodium

(5%)
69 mg

Zinc

(3%)
0.24 mg

Other constituents

Fluoride
3.2 µg

Water
88 g

Link to USDA Database Entry

Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units

†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.

text: The carrot gets its characteristic, bright orange colour from β-carotene, and lesser amounts of α-carotene, γ-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin.[63] α- and β-carotenes are partly metabolized into vitamin A,[64][65] providing more than 100% of the Daily Value (DV) per 100 g serving of carrots (right table). Carrots are also a good source of vitamin K (13% DV) and vitamin B6 (11% DV), but otherwise have modest content of other essential nutrients (right table).[66]

text: Carrots are 88% water, 4.7% sugar, 0.9% protein, 2.8% dietary fiber, 1% ash and 0.2% fat.[66] Carrot dietary fiber comprises mostly cellulose, with smaller proportions of hemicellulose, lignin and starch.[60] Free sugars in carrot include sucrose, glucose and fructose.[66]

text: The lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids characteristic of carrots are studied for their potential roles in vision and eye health.[63][67]

text: Night vision

text: The provitamin A beta-carotene from carrots does not actually help people to see in the dark unless they suffer from a deficiency of vitamin A.[68] This myth was propaganda used by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War to explain why their pilots had improved success during night air battles, but was actually used to disguise advances in radar technology and the use of red lights on instrument panels.[69] Nevertheless, the consumption of carrots was advocated in Britain at the time as part of a Dig for Victory campaign. A radio programme called The Kitchen Front encouraged people to grow, store and use carrots in various novel ways, including making carrot jam and Woolton pie, named after the Lord Woolton, the Minister for Food.[70] The British public during WWII generally believed that eating carrots would help them see better at night and in 1942 there was a 100,000 ton surplus of carrots from the extra production.[71]


document_title: Digboi

question_text: who dicovered the occurence of oil in assam

text: Digboi

text: Etymology[edit]

text:
" Barely seven years after Edwin L. Drake drilled the world's first oil well in 1859 at Titusville, Pennsylvania, USA, history registered another exploration of the black liquid gold, in the largest continent.
More than a century ago, history was made in a remote corner of Assam in the midst of the dense and malaria infested jungles, by a band of intrepid pioneers searching for black gold. In 1867 Italian Engineers, commissioned by the Assam Railways and Trading Company, to build a railway line from Dibrugarh to Margherita (Headquarters of Assam Railways and Trading Company) accidentally discovered oil at Digboi around 10 miles from Margherita.
‘Dig boy, dig’, shouted the English engineer, Mr W L Lake, elephants emerging out of the dense forest with oil stains on their feet".[2]
This is possibly the most distilled – though fanciful – version of the legend explaining the siting and naming of Digboi. Two events separated by seven years have become fused, but although neither is likely to be provable, such evidence that does exist appears sufficiently detailed to be credible. Various web sites offer variations on the elephant’s foot story, a consensus of which would be that engineers extending the Dibru-Sadiya railway line to Ledo for the Assam Railways and Trading Company (AR&TC) in 1882 were using elephants for haulage and noticed that the mud on one pachyderm’s feet smelled of oil. Retracing the trail of footprints, they found oil seeping to the surface. One of the engineers, the Englishman Willie Leova Lake, was an ‘oil enthusiast’ and persuaded the company to drill a well. Oil India Ltd makes no reference to elephants’ feet in its company history,[3] although on its previous web site the company  noted that Lake had noticed "the oil seepages around Borbhil". Once the project had been approved, Lake assembled equipment, boilers, and local labour, and engaged elephants to haul the machinery to the site. The first well was started in September 1889, but an encouraging first strike at 178 feet (54 m) turned out to be a small pocket, and drilling recommenced. This continued until November 1890 when the well was completed at a total depth of 662 feet (202 m), and it was during this extended period of drilling that Oil India's old web site placed the legend of Lake exhorting one or more of his labourers to "Dig, boy!"

text: Digboi as an oil town[edit]

text: It is said that the town gets its name from the phrase "dig-boy-dig," which is what the English told the labourers as they dug for crude oil. The town's history begins in 1867 when a small group of men from the Assam Railway and Trading Co. found their elephants' legs soaked in black mud, that smelt somewhat like oil. The men began exploring more, and in 1889, the English started a small oil installation. India (and Asia) obtained its first refinery in Digboi in the year 1901. Assam Oil Company was formed in 1899 to look after the running of the oil business in this area. The Digboi oil field produced close to 7,000 barrels per day (1,100 m3/d) of crude oil at its peak, which was during World War II. The field was pushed to produce the maximum amount of oil with little regard to reservoir management; as a result, production started to drop almost immediately after the war. The current production from the Digboi fields is about 240 barrels per day (38 m3/d). Over 1,000 wells have been drilled at Digboi – the first well in 1889 had stuck oil at 178 feet (54 m). In 1989, the Department of Posts, India came out with a stamp commemorating 100 years of the Digboi fields.

text: Today, though the crude production is not high, Digboi has the distinction of being India's oldest continuously producing oilfield. Digboi refinery, now a division of Indian Oil Corporation, had a capacity of about 0.65 MMTPA as of 2003.

text: Digboi is now Headquarter of Assam Oil Division of Indian Oil Corporation Limited. The Earliest recorded to the existence of oil in India is found in the memories and dispatches of the Army Officers who penetrated the jungles of Upper Assam since 1825. Lt. R. Wilcox, Major A. White, Capt. Francis Jenkins, Capt. P.S. Hanney—they all saw at different times petroleum exuding from banks of the Dihing River. Mr. C.A. Bruce (1828) and Mr. H.B. Medicott (1865) of the Geological Survey of India also saw oil while prospecting for coal in Upper Assam.

text: Mr. Goodenough of McKillop, Stewart & Co. Calcutta was the first in India to start a systematic programme of drilling for oil in November 1866, at Nahorpung about 30 miles (48 km) south east of Dibgoi, just seven years after the world's first commercial oil well was drilled in 1859, by Col Edwin L Drake in Pennsylvania, USA. This hand dug well—the first oil well in India—was drilled up to 102 feet (31 m) and proved dry. However the second well struck oil at Makum near Tinsukia, about 14 miles (23 km) from Digboi.

text: In 1939, there was a major labour union strike in the Refinery. The Gandhi Movement of Congress for Indian Independence struggle; backed by labour rights and equality status was headed by Sardar Amar Singh Marwah. The break of the World War II coincided with the Digboi labour strike resulted in harsh steps taken by the British Administrative offices to crush the strike. The Viceroy and the Governor had intervened to bring a settlement adopting sturdy steps were take to crush the union by shooting down of the president of the labour union to be followed by issuing orders of Quit Digboi, Quit Lakhimpur and finally Quit Assam to the leaders of the labour union.

text: Digboi Refinery[edit]

text: The Digboi Refinery modernization project was taken up in large scale in order to overcome the technological obsolescence of the old refinery. Subsequently, a number of other major projects were undertaken by Assam Oil Division to further revamp and modernise Digboi Refinery.Digboi refinery has been awarded the ISO-14001 and OHSMC certificate.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Digboi is located at 27°22'48.0"N 95°37'48.0"E.[4] It has an average elevation of 165 metres (541 ft).It is situated 510 km north east of Guwahati.

text: Demographics[edit]

text: As of  2011[update] India census,[5] Digboi has population of 21,736 of which 10,964 are males while 10,772 are females. Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 1745 which is 8.03 % of total population of Digboi.  Committee, Female Sex Ratio is of 982 against state average of 958. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Digboi is around 981 compared to Assam state average of 962. Literacy rate of Digboi city is 92.08 % higher than state average of 72.19 %. In Digboi, Male literacy is around 95.09 % while female literacy rate is 89.02 %.

text: Digboi Oil Town was considered as a separate census town in 2011 India census.[5] The population is largely heterogeneous. Assamese, Bengali, Nepali, Bihari, Marwari communities form the majority. People from various tribes such as the tea-tribes (brought in by the colonial planters as indentured labourers from the Chhotanagpur plateau region), Bodos, Mishings etc. have also made it their home.

text: Culture & economy[edit]

text: As being a small part of the diverse state Assam. It is flooded with assamese culture and heritage. As being colonised by British and rising of industrial era the place have seen adverse changes. Workers, labourers were brought in. Digboi township accounted for diverse group of people that entered in search of livelihood. But the outskirts were still agriculture based. Assam being rich in fertility, tea is produced throughout the place bringing a bright opportunity to the people and the place itself. Yet small people here portrait the picture of the nation itself.

text: How to reach Digboi[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)

text:
The nearest airport is the Mohanbari Airport, Dibrugarh and the  nearest railway junction is the Tinsukia Junction. One can get flight to Dibrugarh from Delhi and Kolkata on daily basis. Also Dibrugarh-New Delhi Rajdhani express runs daily from Dibrugarh via New Tinsukia Junction. There are also proper roadways which link the Digboi Oil town to some other towns like Duliajan, Makum etc.
Digboi has got a railway station and it connects well with Guwahati.
Digboi can be reached by public transport bus and mini-vans as well. Various companies run bus between Digboi and other neighbouring towns and Guwahati. Rickshaw is the main mode of transport within the city.

text: Places of interest[edit]

text:
Digboi Oil Centenary Museum
Digboi War Cemetery
Digboi 18 hole Golf Course
Digboi Oil Field
Digboi Centenary Park
Digboi Bar

text: Politics[edit]

text:
Digboi is part of Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency) which is represented by Mr Rameswar Teli of Bharatiya Janata Party.It lies in the Digboi Constituency of the State Assembly where it is represented by Mr. Suren Phukan of Bharatiya Janata Party.
[6]


document_title: I Can Only Imagine (film)

question_text: who plays bart on i can only imagine

question_tokens: who plays bart on i can only imagine

text: I Can Only Imagine (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Coming from a home with an abusive father, 10-year-old Bart Millard is dropped off at a Christian camp by his mother, where he meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings, leading to a physical confrontation with his father Arthur, who takes custody of him.

text: Years later, Millard is in Lakeside high school and dating Shannon. Hoping to impress his father, he begins playing football. However, he is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. In order to make up the credits he would miss from football, he signs up for music class, the only available class left. Initially, Millard is assigned to be a sound technician. After the director catches him singing in the empty auditorium of Lakeside high school, she casts him as Curly, the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma. He doesn't tell his father of his role in the play, and while Bart has risen to the singing demands of the part, Arthur subsequently collapses with severe abdominal pain, but refuses to tell Bart or Shannon about his cancer diagnosis. The following morning, Millard voices his frustrations with his father and is assaulted by his father, who smashes a plate over his head. Shannon presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her and leaving to seek his fortune in the city after graduation.

text: Millard then connects with the band who would become MercyMe, and eventually attracts the attention of Christian music producer Scott Brickell (Trace Adkins), who coaches Millard and gets them a showcase in Nashville, leading to meetings with Amy Grant (Nicole DuPort) and Michael W. Smith (Jake B. Miller). Millard has been unable to reconcile with Shannon, who rejects his invitation to tour with the band to their upcoming Nashville showcase. While the band felt their performance was the best of their career, industry representatives reject the band as not being good enough to sell records. In despair, Millard quits the band. After talking with Brickell, who encourages him to resolve his issues with his father, Millard rejoins the band but asks they wait for him to confront his father and settle the conflict before they play again.

text: Millard returns home and is greeted enthusiastically by his father, who prepares breakfast for him the next morning. His father claims to have become a Christian, but Bart is initially skeptical and rejects his father's offer to start over. In anger, Arthur takes a baseball bat and hits his old Jeep, which he had hoped to repair with his son. As Bart prepares to leave, he finds out his father has terminal cancer. Bart and his father reconcile and form a deep bond before Arthur dies of his illness.

text: After his father's funeral, Millard rejoins the band and writes "I Can Only Imagine". Brickell sends the demo tape to several artists, including Grant, who, deeply moved by the song, asks to record it herself as her next single. The band accepts Grant's offer. Millard is seated in the audience when Grant intends to unveil the song live in concert. However, Grant decides that Millard should be the one to sing the song, and offers it back to him, calling him to the microphone to sing it before the large audience. Millard's unexpected performance is wildly applauded and he reunites with Shannon, who had also been in attendance at the concert. The band releases the song as their first single, achieving success on Christian and mainstream radio.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard

Brody Rose as Young Bart

Dennis Quaid as Arthur Millard, Bart's father
Cloris Leachman as Meemaw, Bart's grandmother
Madeline Carroll as Shannon, Bart's girlfriend

Taegen Burns as Young Shannon

Trace Adkins as Scott Brickell, MercyMe's manager
Priscilla Shirer as Mrs. Fincher, Bart's teacher
Nicole DuPort as Amy Grant
Jake B. Miller as Michael W. Smith
Mark Furze as Nathan

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)

text: The film was announced in December 2016.[4] Dennis Quaid joined the cast in January 2017.[5] Broadway actor J. Michael Finley makes his film debut as Bart Millard.[1] The same month, it was announced that the film was slated for release in the spring of 2018.[5] In August 2017, Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions signed on as distributors for the film for a nationwide release in the United States.[1][6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of May 13, 2018[update], I Can Only Imagine has grossed $82.4 million in the United States, and Canada and $1.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $83.5 million, against a production budget of $7 million.[2] It is the third-highest grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States, behind Straight Outta Compton and Walk the Line.[7]

text: The film was released on March 16, 2018, alongside Tomb Raider and Love, Simon, and was originally projected to gross $2–4 million from 1,620 theaters in its opening weekend.[8] However, after making $6.2 million on its first day (including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews), weekend estimates were increased to $14 million.[9] It ended up grossing $17.1 million, exceeding expectations and finishing third at the box office behind Black Panther and Tomb Raider. 67% of the opening weekend audience was female while 80% was over the age of 35.[10] It was the fourth best-ever opening for a faith-based film, following The Passion of the Christ ($83.8 million), Son of God ($25.6 million) and Heaven Is for Real ($22.5 million).[11] In its second weekend the film was added to 624 additional theaters and dropped just 19% to $13.8 million, again finishing third.[12] It was added to another 395 venues and finished fourth in its third weekend, making $10.4 million (including $3 million on Easter Sunday).[13] The film will be released on DVD, Blu-ray and available at iTunes Store and Google Play Store, June 5, 2018.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 70% based on 23 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "I Can Only Imagine's message will have the most impact among Christian audiences, but overall, its performances and storytelling represent a notable evolution in faith-based cinema."[14] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 29 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[15] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to earn such a score.[9]

text: The Arizona Republic's James Ward gave the film 4/5 stars and wrote, "Too often faith-based films — say anything with Kirk Cameron or the terrible God's Not Dead series — tend to preach to the choir or hector their audience. The Erwins’ films — I Can Only Imagine definitely among them — are more inclusive, charitable of spirit and hopeful, all qualities that are always appreciated, be they rooted in Christian faith or otherwise."[16] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "C–" saying: "There’s a reason why all of these movies are so amateurishly made; why they all end with links to religious websites; why they all look like they were shot on an iPhone by a Walmart-brand Janusz Kaminski who lit each interior like the white light of heaven was streaming through every window...Art can be affirmation, but affirmation cannot be art."[17]