document_title: List of Fairy Tail episodes

question_text: how many episodes of fairy tail are there 2018

text: List of Fairy Tail episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
48
October 12, 2009 (2009-10-12)
September 27, 2010 (2010-09-27)

2
24
October 11, 2010 (2010-10-11)
March 28, 2011 (2011-03-28)

3
28
April 4, 2011 (2011-04-04)
October 8, 2011 (2011-10-08)

4
25
October 15, 2011 (2011-10-15)
April 7, 2012 (2012-04-07)

5
25
April 14, 2012 (2012-04-14)
September 29, 2012 (2012-09-29)

6
25
October 6, 2012 (2012-10-06)
March 30, 2013 (2013-03-30)

7
90
April 5, 2014 (2014-04-05)
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)

Zero
12
January 9, 2016 (2016-01-09)
March 26, 2016 (2016-03-26)

tag: table

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Season 1 (2009–2010)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[a]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[b]
English air date[c]

1
"The Fairy Tail"
"Yōsei no Shippo" (妖精の尻尾)
October 12, 2009
September 30, 2011

2
"Fire Dragon, Monkey, and Bull"
"Karyū to Saru to Ushi" (火竜と猿と牛)
October 19, 2009
October 7, 2011

3
"Infiltrate the Everlue Mansion"
"Sennyū Seyo!! Ebarū Yashiki!!" (潛入せよ!! エバルー屋敷!!)
October 26, 2009
October 17, 2011

4
"Dear Kaby"
"Shin'ai Naru Kābi e" (DEAR KABY 〜親愛なるカービィへ〜)
November 2, 2009
October 21, 2011

5
"The Wizard in Armor"
"Yoroi no Madōshi" (鎧の魔導士)
November 9, 2009
—

6
"Fairies in the Wind"
"Yōsei-tachi wa Kaze no Naka" (妖精たちは風の中)
November 16, 2009
—

7
"Flame and Wind"
"Honō to Kaze" (炎と風)
November 23, 2009
—

8
"The Strongest Team"
"Saikyō Chīmu!!!" (最強チーム!!!)
November 30, 2009
—

9
"Natsu Devours a Village"
"Natsu, Mura o Kū" (ナツ、村を食う)
December 7, 2009
—

10
"Natsu vs. Erza"
"Natsu vs. Eruza" (ナツ vs. エルザ)
December 14, 2009
—

11
"The Cursed Island"
"Norowareta Shima" (呪われた島)
December 21, 2009
—

12
"Moon Drip"
"Mūn Dorippu" (月の雫 (ムーンドリップ))
January 4, 2010
—

13
"Natsu vs. Yuka the Wave User"
"Natsu vs. Hadō no Yūka" (ナツ vs. 波動のユウカ)
January 11, 2010
—

14
"Just Do Whatever!!"
"Katte ni Shiyagare!!" (勝手にしやがれ!!)
January 18, 2010
—

15
"Eternal Magic"
"Eien no Mahō" (永遠の魔法)
January 25, 2010
—

16
"The Final Showdown on Galuna Island"
"Garuna-tō, Saishū Kessen" (ガルナ島 最終決戦)
February 1, 2010
—

17
"Burst"
February 8, 2010
—

18
"Reach the Sky Above"
"Todoke, Ano Sora ni" (届け あの空に)
February 15, 2010
—

19
"Changeling"
"Chenjiringu" (チェンジリング)
February 22, 2010
—

20
"Natsu and the Dragon Egg"
"Natsu to Doragon no Tamago" (ナツとドラゴンの卵)
March 1, 2010
—

21
"The Phantom Lord"
"Yūki no Shihaisha" (幽鬼の支配者)
March 8, 2010
—

22
"Lucy Heartfilia"
"Rūshii Hātofiria" (ルーシィ・ハートフィリア)
March 15, 2010
—

23
"15 Minutes"
"Jūgo-fun" (15分)
March 22, 2010
—

24
"To Keep From Seeing Those Tears"
"Sono Namida o Minai Tame ni" (その涙を見ない為に)
March 29, 2010
—

25
"A Flower Blooms in the Rain"
"Ame no Naka ni Saku Hana" (雨の中に咲く華)
April 12, 2010
—

26
"Wings of Flame"
"Honō no Tsubasa" (炎の翼)
April 19, 2010
—

27
"The Two Dragon Slayers"
"Futari no Doragon Sureiyā" (二人の滅竜魔導士 (ドラゴンスレイヤー))
April 26, 2010
—

28
"Fairy Law"
"Fearī Rō" (フェアリーロウ)
May 3, 2010
—

29
"My Resolve"
"Atashi no Ketsui" (あたしの決意)
May 10, 2010
July 10, 2012[8]

30
"Next Generation"
May 17, 2010
July 17, 2012[9]

31
"A Star Removed from the Sky"
"Sora ni Modorenai Hoshi" (空に戻れない星)
May 24, 2010
July 24, 2012[10]

32
"Celestial Spirit King"
"Seirei-ō" (星霊王)
May 31, 2010
July 31, 2012[11]

33
"The Tower of Heaven"
"Rakuen no Tō" (楽園の塔)
June 7, 2010
August 7, 2012[12]

34
"Jellal"
"Jerāru" (ジェラール)
June 21, 2010
August 14, 2012[13]

35
"Voice of Darkness"
"Yami no Koe" (闇の声)
June 28, 2010
August 21, 2012[14]

36
"Heaven's Game"
"Rakuen Gēmu" (楽園ゲーム)
July 5, 2010
August 28, 2012[15]

37
"Armor of the Heart"
"Kokoro no Yoroi" (心の鎧)
July 12, 2010
September 4, 2012[16]

38
"Destiny"
"Desutinī" (運命 (デスティニー))
July 19, 2010
September 11, 2012[17]

39
"Give Our Prayers to the Sacred Light"
"Seinaru Hikari ni Inori o" (聖なる光に祈りを)
July 26, 2010
September 18, 2012[18]

40
"Titania Falls"
"Titānia, Chiru" (妖精女王 (ティターニア)、散る)
August 2, 2010
September 25, 2012[19]

41
"Home"
August 9, 2010
October 2, 2012[20]

42
"Battle of Fairy Tail"
"Batoru obu Fearī Teiru" (バトル・オブ・フェアリーテイル)
August 16, 2010
October 9, 2012[21]

43
"Defeat Your Friends to Save Your Friends"
"Tomo no Tame ni Tomo o Ute" (友の為に友を討て)
August 23, 2010
October 16, 2012[22]

44
"Thunder Palace"
"Kaminari Den" (神鳴殿)
August 30, 2010
October 23, 2012[23]

45
"Advent of Satan"
"Satan Kōrin" (サタン降臨)
September 6, 2010
October 30, 2012[24]

46
"Clash at Kardia Cathedral!"
"Gekitotsu! Karudia Daiseidō" (激突! カルディア大聖堂)
September 13, 2010
November 6, 2012[25]

47
"Triple Dragons"
"Toripuru Doragon" (トリプル ドラゴン)
September 20, 2010
November 13, 2012[26]

48
"Fantasia"
"Fantajia" (幻想曲 (ファンタジア))
September 27, 2010
November 20, 2012[27]

text: Season 2 (2010–2011)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[d]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[e]
English air date[f]

49
"The Day of the Fateful Encounter"
"Unmei no Deai no Hi" (運命の出会いの日)
October 11, 2010
September 3, 2013[28]

50
"Special Request: Watch Out for the Guy You Like!"
"Tokubetsu Irai. Kininaru Kare ni Chūi Seyo!" (特別依頼。気になる彼に注意せよ!)
October 18, 2010
September 10, 2013[29]

51
"Love & Lucky"
October 25, 2010
September 17, 2013[30]

52
"Allied Forces, Assemble!"
"Rengōgun, Shūketsu!" (連合軍、集結!)
November 1, 2010
September 24, 2013[31]

53
"Enter the Oración Seis!"
"Orashion Seisu Arawaru!" (六魔将軍 (オラシオンセイス)現る!)
November 8, 2010
October 1, 2013[32]

54
"Maiden of the Sky"
"Tenkū no Miko" (天空の巫女)
November 15, 2010
October 8, 2013[33]

55
"The Girl and the Ghost"
"Shōjo to Bōrei" (少女と亡霊)
November 22, 2010
October 15, 2013[34]

56
"Dead Grand Prix"
"Deddo Guran Puri" (デッドGP (グランプリ))
November 29, 2010
October 22, 2013[35]

57
"Darkness"
"Yami" (闇)
December 6, 2010
October 29, 2013[36]

58
"Celestial Skirmish"
"Seirei Gassen" (星霊合戦)
December 13, 2010
November 5, 2013[37]

59
"Jellal of Days Gone By"
"Tsuioku no Jerāru" (追憶のジェラール)
December 20, 2010
November 12, 2013[38]

60
"March of Destruction"
"Hametsu no Kōshin" (破滅の行進)
December 27, 2010
November 19, 2013[39]

61
"Super Aerial Battle: Natsu vs. Cobra!"
"Chōkūchūsen! Natsu vs. Kobura" (超空中戦! ナツ vs. コブラ)
January 10, 2011
November 26, 2013[40]

62
"Wizard Saint Jura"
"Seiten no Jura" (聖十のジュラ)
January 17, 2011
December 3, 2013[41]

63
"Your Words"
"Kimi no Kotoba koso" (君の言葉こそ)
January 24, 2011
December 10, 2013[42]

64
"Zero"
"Zero" (ゼロ)
January 31, 2011
December 17, 2013[43]

65
"From Pegasus to Fairies"
"Tenma kara Yōsei-tachi e" (天馬から妖精たちへ)
February 7, 2011
December 24, 2013[44]

66
"The Power of Feelings"
"Omoi no Chikara" (想いの力)
February 14, 2011
December 31, 2013[45]

67
"I'm With You"
"Watashi ga Tsuiteiru" (私がついている)
February 21, 2011
January 7, 2014[46]

68
"A Guild for One"
"Tatta Hitori no Tame no Girudo" (たった一人の為のギルド)
February 28, 2011
January 14, 2014[47]

69
"Call of the Dragon"
"Ryū no Izanai" (竜の誘い)
March 7, 2011
January 21, 2014[48]

70
"Natsu vs. Gray!!"
"Natsu vs. Gurei!!" (ナツ vs. グレイ!!)
March 14, 2011
January 28, 2014[49]

71
"Friendship Overcomes the Dead"
"Tomo wa Shikabane o Koete" (友は屍を越えて)
March 21, 2011
February 4, 2014[50]

72
"A Fairy Tail Wizard"
"Fearī Teiru no Madōshi" (フェアリーテイルの魔導士)
March 28, 2011
February 11, 2014[51]

text: Season 3 (2011)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[g]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[h]
English air date[i]

73
"Rainbow Cherry Blossoms"
"Niji no Sakura" (虹の桜)
April 4, 2011
May 13, 2014[52]

74
"Wendy's First Big Job!?"
"Wendi, Hajimete no Ōshigoto!?" (ウェンディ、初めての大仕事!?)
April 11, 2011
May 20, 2014[53]

75
"24-Hour Endurance Road Race"
"Nijūyo Jikan Taikyū Rōdo Rēsu" (24時間耐久ロードレース)
April 16, 2011
May 27, 2014[54]

76
"Gildarts"
"Girudātsu" (ギルダーツ)
April 23, 2011
June 3, 2014[55]

77
"Earth Land"
"Āsu Rando" (アースランド)
April 30, 2011
June 10, 2014[56]

78
"Edolas"
"Edorasu" (エドラス)
May 7, 2011
June 17, 2014[57]

79
"Fairy Hunter"
"Yōsei Gari" (妖精狩り)
May 14, 2011
June 24, 2014[58]

80
"Key of Hope"
"Kibō no Kagi" (希望の鍵)
May 21, 2011
July 1, 2014[59]

81
"Fireball"
"Faiabōru" (ファイアボール)
May 28, 2011
July 8, 2014[60]

82
"Welcome Home"
"Okaerinasaimase" (おかえりなさいませ)
June 4, 2011
July 15, 2014[61]

83
"Extalia"
"Ekusutaria" (エクスタリア)
June 11, 2011
July 22, 2014[62]

84
"Fly, to Our Friends!"
"Tobe! Tomo no Moto ni!" (飛べ! 友のもとに!)
June 18, 2011
July 29, 2014[63]

85
"Code ETD"
"Kōdo Ītīdī" (コードETD)
June 25, 2011
August 5, 2014[64]

86
"Erza vs. Erza"
"Eruza vs. Eruza" (エルザ vs. エルザ)
July 2, 2011
August 12, 2014[65]

87
"We're Talking About Lives Here!!!!"
"Inochi Darō ga!!!!" (命だろーが!!!!)
July 9, 2011
August 19, 2014[66]

88
"For Pride's Sake, the River of Stars"
"Hoshi no Taiga wa Hokori no Tame ni" (星の大河は誇りの為に)
July 16, 2011
August 26, 2014[67]

89
"The Apocalyptic Dragon Chain Cannon"
"Shūen no Ryūsahō" (終焉の竜鎖砲)
July 23, 2011
September 2, 2014[68]

90
"The Boy Back Then"
"Ano Toki no Shōnen" (あの時の少年)
July 30, 2011
September 9, 2014[69]

91
"Dragon Sense"
August 6, 2011
September 16, 2014[70]

92
"O Living Ones"
"Ikiru Monotachi yo" (生きる者たちよ)
August 13, 2011
September 23, 2014[71]

93
"I'm Standing Right Here"
"Ore wa Koko ni Tatteiru" (オレはここに立っている)
August 20, 2011
September 30, 2014[72]

94
"Bye-Bye Edolas"
"Baibai Edorasu" (バイバイ エドラス)
August 27, 2011
October 7, 2014[73]

95
"Lisanna"
"Risāna" (リサーナ)
September 3, 2011
October 14, 2014[74]

96
"He Who Extinguishes Life"
"Inochi o Kesumono" (生命 (いのち)を消す者)
September 10, 2011
October 21, 2014[75]

97
"Best Partners"
"Besuto Pātonā" (ベストパートナー)
September 17, 2011
October 28, 2014[76]

98
"Who's the Lucky One?"
"Ungaii no wa Dare?" (運がいいのは誰?)
September 24, 2011
November 4, 2014[77]

99
"Natsu vs. Gildarts"
"Natsu vs. Girudātsu" (ナツ vs. ギルダーツ)
October 1, 2011
November 11, 2014[78]

100
"Mest"
"Mesuto" (メスト)
October 8, 2011
November 18, 2014[79]

text: Season 4 (2011–2012)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[j]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[k]
English air date[l]

101
"Black Wizard"
"Kuro Madōshi" (黒魔導士)
October 15, 2011
November 25, 2014[80]

102
"Iron Soul"
"Tetsu no Tamashii" (鉄の魂)
October 22, 2011
December 2, 2014[81]

103
"Makarov Charges"
"Shingeki no Makarofu" (進撃のマカロフ)
October 29, 2011
December 9, 2014[82]

104
"Lost Magic"
"Rosuto Majikku" (失われた魔法 (ロスト・マジック))
November 5, 2011
December 16, 2014[83]

105
"Fire Dragon vs. Flame God"
"Karyū vs. Enjin" (火竜 vs. 炎神)
November 12, 2011
December 23, 2014[84]

106
"Grand Magic World"
"Dai Mahō Sekai" (大魔法世界)
November 19, 2011
December 30, 2014[85]

107
"Arc of Embodiment"
"Gugen no Āku" (具現のアーク)
November 26, 2011
January 6, 2015[86]

108
"Human Gate"
"Ningen no Tobira" (人間の扉)
December 3, 2011
January 13, 2015[87]

109
"Lucy Fire"
"Rūshii Faia" (ルーシィファイア)
December 10, 2011
January 20, 2015[88]

110
"Dead-End of Despair"
"Zetsubō no Fukurokōji" (絶望の袋小路)
December 17, 2011
January 27, 2015[89]

111
"Tears of Love and Vitality"
"Ai to Katsuryoku no Namida" (愛と活力の涙)
December 24, 2011
February 3, 2015[90]

112
"The One Thing I Couldn't Say"
"Ienakatta Hitokoto" (言えなかった一言)
January 7, 2012
February 10, 2015[91]

113
"Tenrou Tree"
"Tenrōju" (天狼樹)
January 14, 2012
February 17, 2015[92]

114
"Erza vs. Azuma"
"Eruza vs. Azuma" (エルザ vs. アズマ)
January 21, 2012
February 24, 2015[93]

115
"Freezing Fighting Spirit"
"Kogoeru Tōshi" (凍える闘志)
January 28, 2012
March 3, 2015[94]

116
"Power of Life"
"Seinaru Chikara" (生なる力)
February 4, 2012
March 10, 2015[95]

117
"Rolling Thunder"
"Raimei Hibiku" (雷鳴響く)
February 11, 2012
March 17, 2015[96]

118
"The Man Without an Emblem"
"Monshō o Kizamanu Otoko" (紋章を刻まぬ男)
February 18, 2012
March 24, 2015[97]

119
"Realm of the Abyss"
"Shin'en no Ryōiki" (深淵の領域)
February 25, 2012
March 31, 2015[98]

120
"Daybreak on Tenrou Island"
"Akatsuki no Tenrōjima" (暁の天狼島)
March 2, 2012
April 7, 2015[99]

121
"The Right to Love"
"Aisuru Shikaku" (愛する資格)
March 9, 2012
April 14, 2015[100]

122
"Let's Hold Hands"
"Te o Tsunagō" (手をつなごう)
March 16, 2012
April 21, 2015[101]

123
"Fairy Tail, Year X791"
"Nanahyaku-kyūjū-ichi-nen: Fearī Teiru" (X791年・妖精の尻尾 (フェアリーテイル))
March 23, 2012
April 28, 2015[102]

124
"The Seven Year Gap"
"Kūhaku no Nana-nen" (空白の7年)
March 31, 2012
May 5, 2015[103]

125
"The Magic Ball"
"Mahō Butōkai" (魔法舞踏会)
April 7, 2012
May 12, 2015[104]

text: Season 5 (2012)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[m]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[n]
English air date[o]

126
"True Scoundrels – The Butt Jiggle Gang"
"Shin no Waru Ketsupuri-dan" (真の悪ケツプリ団)
April 14, 2012
May 19, 2015[105]

127
"The Terror of Invisible Lucy!"
"Tōmei Rūshii no Kyōfu!" (透明ルーシィの恐怖!)
April 21, 2012
June 2, 2015[106]

128
"Father's Memento"
"Chichi no Ihin" (父の遺品)
April 28, 2012
June 9, 2015[107]

129
"Turbulent Showdown! Natsu vs. Laxus"
"Dotō no Taiketsu! Natsu vs. Rakusasu" (怒涛の対決! ナツ vs. ラクサス)
May 5, 2012
June 16, 2015[108]

130
"Target: Lucy"
"Nerawareta Rūshii" (狙われたルーシィ)
May 12, 2012
June 23, 2015[109]

131
"The Fury of Legion"
"Region no Mōi" (レギオンの猛威)
May 19, 2012
June 30, 2015[110]

132
"Key of the Starry Heavens"
"Hoshizora no Kagi" (星空の鍵)
May 26, 2012
July 7, 2015[111]

133
"Travel Companions"
"Tabi no Nakama-tachi" (旅の仲間たち)
June 2, 2012
July 14, 2015[112]

134
"Labyrinth Capriccio"
"Meikyū Kyōsōkyoku" (迷宮狂想曲)
June 9, 2012
July 21, 2015[113]

135
"Footprints of the Myth"
"Shinwa no Ashiato" (神話の足跡)
June 16, 2012
July 28, 2015[114]

136
"True Scoundrels, Once Again"
"Shin no Waru, Futatabi" (真の悪、ふたたび)
June 23, 2012
August 4, 2015[115]

137
"Defying Calculation"
"Keisan o Koeru Mono" (計算をこえるもの)
June 30, 2012
August 11, 2015[116]

138
"The Course of the Holy War"
"Seisen no Yukue" (聖戦のゆくえ)
July 7, 2012
August 18, 2015[117]

139
"Time Begins to Tick"
"Ugoki Hajimeta Toki" (動き始めた刻 (とき))
July 14, 2012
August 25, 2015[118]

140
"Enter the Neo-Oración Seis!"
"Shinsei Orashion Seisu Arawaru!" (新生六魔将軍 (オラシオンセイス)現る!)
July 21, 2012
September 1, 2015[119]

141
"Get the Infinity Clock!"
"Mugen Tokei o Oe" (無限時計を追え)
July 28, 2012
September 8, 2015[120]

142
"Dissonance of Battle"
"Tatakai no Fukyōwaon" (戦いの不協和音)
August 4, 2012
September 15, 2015[121]

143
"Anti-Link"
"Anchi Rinku" (アンチリンク)
August 11, 2012
September 22, 2015[122]

144
"Despair Unleashed"
"Tokihanatareta Zetsubō" (解き放たれた絶望)
August 18, 2012
September 29, 2015[123]

145
"Real Nightmare"
"Riaru Naitomea" (リアルナイトメア)
August 25, 2012
October 6, 2015[124]

146
"Time Spiral"
"Toki no Supairaru" (時のスパイラル)
September 1, 2012
October 13, 2015[125]

147
"To the Infinity Castle!"
"Mugenjō e!" (無限城へ!)
September 8, 2012
October 20, 2015[126]

148
"Angel Tears"
"Tenshi no Namida" (天使の涙)
September 15, 2012
October 27, 2015[127]

149
"I Hear the Voice of My Friend"
"Tomo no Koe ga Kikoeru" (友の声が聴こえる)
September 22, 2012
November 3, 2015[128]

150
"Lucy and Michelle"
"Rūshii to Missheru" (ルーシィとミッシェル)
September 29, 2012
November 10, 2015

text: Season 6 (2012–2013)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[p]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[q]
English air date[r]

151
"Sabertooth"
"Seibātūsu" (剣咬の虎 (セイバートゥース))
October 6, 2012
November 17, 2015

152
"And So We Aim for the Top"
"Soshite Ore-tachi wa Chōjō o Mezasu" (そしてオレたちは顶上を目指す)
October 13, 2012
November 24, 2015

153
"Song of the Stars"
"Hoshiboshi no Uta" (星々の歌)
October 20, 2012
December 1, 2015

154
"For All the Time We Missed Each Other"
"Surechigatta Jikan no Bun dake" (すれ违った时间の分だけ)
October 27, 2012
December 8, 2015

155
"Crocus, the Flower-Blooming Capital"
"Hanasaku Miyako: Kurokkasu" (花笑く都・クロッカス)
November 3, 2012
December 15, 2015

156
"Sky Labyrinth"
"Sukai Rabirinsu" (空中迷宮 (スカイラビリンス))
November 10, 2012
December 22, 2015

157
"New Guild"
"Shinki Girudo" (新规ギルド)
November 17, 2012
December 29, 2015

158
"Night of Shooting Stars"
"Hoshi Furu Yoru ni" (星降ル夜ニ)
November 24, 2012
January 5, 2016

159
"Lucy vs. Flare"
"Rūshii vs. Furea" (ルーシィ vs. フレア)
December 1, 2012
January 12, 2016

160
"Portent"
"Kyōzui" (凶瑞)
December 8, 2012
January 19, 2016

161
"Chariots"
"Chariotto" (战车 (チャリオット))
December 15, 2012
January 26, 2016

162
"Elfman vs. Bacchus"
"Erufuman vs. Bakkasu" (エルフマン vs. バッカス)
December 22, 2012
September 1, 2015

163
"Mirajane vs. Jenny"
"Mirajēn vs. Jenī" (ミラジェーン vs. ジェニー)
January 5, 2013
September 1, 2015

164
"Kagura vs. Yukino"
"Kagura vs. Yukino" (カグラ vs. ユキノ)
January 12, 2013
September 1, 2015

165
"Hatred at Nightfall"
"Urami wa Yoru no Tobari ni Tsutsumarete" (怨みは夜の帐に包まれて)
January 19, 2013
September 1, 2015

166
"Pandemonium"
"Pandemoniumu" (伏魔殿 (パンデモニウム))
January 26, 2013
September 1, 2015

167
"100 Against 1"
"Hyaku tai Ichi" (100対1)
February 2, 2013
September 1, 2015

168
"Laxus vs. Alexei"
"Rakusasu vs. Arekusei" (ラクサス vs. アレクセイ)
February 9, 2013
September 1, 2015

169
"Wendy vs. Shelia"
"Wendi vs. Sheria" (ウェンディ vs. シェリア)
February 16, 2013
September 1, 2015

170
"Small Fists"
"Chiisana Kobushi" (小さな拳)
February 23, 2013
September 1, 2015

171
"Naval Battle"
"Nabaru Batoru" (海战 (ナバルバトル))
March 2, 2013
September 1, 2015

172
"A Parfum for You"
"Kimi ni Sasageru Parufamu" (君に捧げる香り (パルファム))
March 9, 2013
September 1, 2015

173
"Battle of Dragon Slayers!"
"Batoru obu Doragon Sureiyā" (バトル・オブ・ドラゴンスレイヤー)
March 16, 2013
September 1, 2015

174
"Four Dragons"
"Yonin no Doragon" (四人の竜 (ドラゴン))
March 23, 2013
September 1, 2015

175
"Natsu vs. the Twin Dragons"
"Natsu vs. Sōryū" (ナツ vs. 双竜)
March 30, 2013
September 1, 2015

text: Season 7 (2014–2015)[edit]

text:
Ep.
Official English title[s]
Original Japanese title
English airdate

176
"King of the Dragons"
"Ryū no Ō" (竜の王)
April 5, 2014

177
"The Eclipse Project"
"Ekuripusu Keikaku" (エクリプス計画)
April 12, 2014

178
"Fairy Tactician"
"Yōsei Gunshi" (妖精軍師)
April 19, 2014

179
"Gray vs. Rufus"
"Gurei vs. Rūfasu" (グレイ vs. ルーファス)
April 26, 2014

180
"The Hungry Wolf Knights"
"Garō Kishidan" (餓狼騎士団)
May 3, 2014

181
"Fairy Tail vs. Executioners"
"Fearī Teiru vs. Shokeinin" (FT (フェアリーテイル) vs. 処刑人)
May 10, 2014

182
"Scorching Earth"
"Moeru Daichi" (燃える大地)
May 17, 2014

183
"Our Place"
"Ore-tachi no Iru Basho" (オレたちのいる国 (ばしょ))
May 24, 2014

184
"The Kingdom 'til Tomorrow"
"Ashita made no Kuni" (明日までの国)
May 31, 2014

185
"Erza vs. Kagura"
"Eruza vs. Kagura" (エルザ vs. カグラ)
June 7, 2014

186
"A Future Racing Toward Despair"
"Zetsubō e Kasoku suru Mirai" (絶望へ加速する未来)
June 14, 2014

187
"Frog"
"Kaeru" (カエル)
June 21, 2014

188
"Roaring Thunder!"
"Gekirai!" (激雷!)
June 28, 2014

189
"Gloria"
July 5, 2014

190
"The One Who Closes the Gate"
"Tobira o Shimeru Mono" (扉を閉めるもの)
July 12, 2014

191
"Natsu vs. Rogue"
"Natsu vs. Rōgu" (ナツ vs. ローグ)
July 19, 2014

192
"For Me, Too"
"Atashi no Bun made" (あたしの分まで)
July 26, 2014

193
"Seven Dragons"
August 2, 2014

194
"Zirconis' Magic"
"Jirukonisu no Mahō" (ジルコニスの魔法)
August 9, 2014

195
"Humans and Humans, Dragons and Dragons, Humans and Dragons"
"Hito to Hito, Ryū to Ryū, Hito to Ryū" (人と人、竜と竜、人と竜)
August 16, 2014

196
"Sin and Sacrifice"
"Tsumi to Gisei" (罪と犠牲)
August 23, 2014

197
"Time of Life"
"Inochi no Jikan" (命の時間)
August 30, 2014

198
"Fields of Gold"
"Ōgon no Sōgen" (黄金の草原)
September 6, 2014

199
"The Grand Banquet"
"Dai Buyō Enbu" (大舞踊演舞)
September 13, 2014

200
"Droplets of Time"
"Seisō no Shizuku" (星霜の雫)
September 20, 2014

201
"A Gift"
"Okurimono" (贈り物)
September 27, 2014

202
"Welcome Back, Frosch"
"Okaeri, Furosshu" (おかえり、フロッシュ)
October 4, 2014

203
"Moulin Rouge"
"Mūran Rūju" (ムーランルージュ)
October 11, 2014

204
"Full Effort Hospitality!"
"Omotenashi, Inochi Kaketemasu!" (おもてなし、命かけてます!)
October 18, 2014

205
"Signal of Rebellion"
"Hangyaku no Noroshi" (反逆の狼煙)
October 25, 2014

206
"Library Panic"
"Panikku obu Raiburarī" (パニック・オブ・ライブラリー)
November 1, 2014

207
"Hisui Rises!"
"Hisui Tatsu!" (ヒスイ立つ!)
November 8, 2014

208
"Astral Spiritus"
"Asutoraru Supiritasu" (アストラル・スピリタス)
November 15, 2014

209
"Wendy vs. Aquarius – Let's Have Fun in the Amusement Park!"
"Wendi vs. Akueriasu, Yūenchi de Asobo!" (ウェンディ vs. アクエリアス、遊園地であそぼ!)
November 22, 2014

210
"Guild Deck vs. Celestial Deck"
"Girudo Dekki vs. Seirei Dekki" (ギルドデッキ vs. 星霊デッキ)
November 29, 2014

211
"Gray vs. Cancer! Dance Battle!"
"Gurei vs. Kyansā, Dansu Batoru!" (グレイ vs. キャンサー、ダンスバトル!)
December 6, 2014

212
"Juvia vs. Aries! Desert Death Match!"
"Jubia vs. Ariesu, Sabaku no Shitō!" (ジュビア vs. アリエス、砂漠の死闘!)
December 13, 2014

213
"Erza vs. Sagittarius! Horseback Showdown!"
"Eruza vs. Sajitariusu, Bajō no Kessen!" (エルザ vs. サジタリウス、馬上の決戦!)
December 20, 2014

214
"Natsu vs. Leo"
"Natsu vs. Reo" (ナツ vs. レオ)
December 27, 2014

215
"Ophiuchus, the Snake Charmer"
"Hebitsukaiza no Ofiukusu" (蛇遣い座のオフィウクス)
January 10, 2015

216
"When the Stars Fall"
"Hoshi Michite Nagaruru Toki" (星満ちて流るる時)
January 17, 2015

217
"Celestial Spirit Beast"
"Seireijū" (星霊獣)
January 24, 2015

218
"Believe"
January 31, 2015

219
"What a Pure Heart Weaves"
"Magokoro ga Tsumugu Mono" (真心が紡ぐもの)
February 7, 2015

220
"413 Days"
February 14, 2015

221
"The Labyrinth of White"
"Hakugin no Meikyū" (白銀の迷宮)
February 21, 2015

222
"Transform!"
"Henshin!" (変身!)
February 28, 2015

223
"It's Kemo-Kemo!"
"Kemokemo ga Kita!" (ケモケモが来た!)
March 7, 2015

224
"The Place You Came To"
"Kimi no Kita Basho" (君の来た場所)
March 14, 2015

225
"Lightning Man"
"Ikazuchi no Otoko" (いかづちの男)
March 21, 2015

226
"Fairy Tail of the Dead Meeeeeeeeen"
March 28, 2015

227
"Morning of a New Adventure"
"Arata na Bōken no Asa" (新たな冒険の朝)
April 4, 2015

228
"Wizards vs. Hunters"
"Madōshi vs. Hantā" (魔導士 vs. ハンター)
April 11, 2015

229
"Art of Regression"
"Taika no Hō" (退化ノ法)
April 18, 2015

230
"The Demon Returns"
"Akuma Kaiki" (悪魔回帰)
April 25, 2015

231
"Gray vs. Doriate"
"Gurei vs. Doriāte" (グレイ vs. ドリアーテ)
May 2, 2015

232
"Voice of the Flame"
"Honō no Koe" (炎の声)
May 9, 2015

233
"Song of the Fairies"
May 16, 2015

234
"Tartaros Chapter, Prologue – The Nine Demon Gates"
"Tarutarosu-hen (Joshō): Kyūkimon" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 【序章】 九鬼門)
May 23, 2015

235
"Tartaros Chapter, Prologue – Fairies vs. Netherworld"
"Tarutarosu-hen (Joshō): Yōsei tai Meifu" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 【序章】 妖精 対 冥府)
May 30, 2015

236
"Tartaros Chapter, Prologue – The White Legacy"
"Tarutarosu-hen (Joshō): Shiroki Isan" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 【序章】 白き遺産)
June 6, 2015

237
"Tartaros Chapter, Prologue – Natsu vs. Jackal"
"Tarutarosu-hen (Joshō): Natsu vs. Jakkaru" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 【序章】 ナツ vs. ジャッカル)
June 13, 2015

238
"Tartaros Chapter – Immorality and Sinners"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Haitoku to Zainin" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 背徳と罪人)
June 20, 2015

239
"Tartaros Chapter – Jellal vs. Oración Seis"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Jerāru vs. Orashion Seisu" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 ジェラール vs. 六魔将軍 (オラシオンセイス))
June 27, 2015

240
"Tartaros Chapter – A Place Reached by Prayer"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Inori ga Todoku Basho" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 祈りが届く場所)
July 4, 2015

241
"Tartaros Chapter – The Demon's Rebirth"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Akuma Tensei" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 悪魔転生)
July 11, 2015

242
"Tartaros Chapter – To Let Live or Die"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Ikasu ka Korosu ka" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 生かすか殺すか)
July 18, 2015

243
"Tartaros Chapter – Wendy vs. Ezel"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Wendi vs. Ezeru" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 ウェンディ vs. エゼル)
July 25, 2015

244
"Tartaros Chapter – Friends Forever"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Zutto Tomodachi de" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 ずっと友達で)
August 1, 2015

245
"Tartaros Chapter – Hell's Core"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Heruzu Koa" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 ヘルズ・コア)
August 8, 2015

246
"Tartaros Chapter – Underworld King"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Mei-ō" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 冥王)
August 15, 2015

247
"Tartaros Chapter – Alegria"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Areguria" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 アレグリア)
August 22, 2015

248
"Tartaros Chapter – A Strike from the Stars"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Hoshiboshi no Ichigeki" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 星々の一撃)
August 29, 2015

249
"Tartaros Chapter – Celestial Spirit King vs. Underworld King"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Seirei-ō vs. Mei-ō" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 星霊王 vs. 冥王)
September 5, 2015

250
"Tartaros Chapter – Erza vs. Minerva"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Eruza vs. Mineruba" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 エルザ vs. ミネルバ)
September 12, 2015

251
"Tartaros Chapter – The Boy's Tale"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Shōnen no Monogatari" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 少年の物語)
September 19, 2015

252
"Tartaros Chapter – Gray vs. Silver"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Gurei vs. Shirubā" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 グレイ vs. シルバー)
September 26, 2015

253
"Tartaros Chapter – A Silver Wish"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Gin'iro no Omoi" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 銀色の想い)
October 3, 2015

254
"Tartaros Chapter – Air"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Air" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 Air)
October 10, 2015

255
"Tartaros Chapter – Steel"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Hagane" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 鋼)
October 17, 2015

256
"Tartaros Chapter – Final Duels"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Saigo no Ikkiuchi" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 最後の一騎討ち)
October 24, 2015

257
"Tartaros Chapter – Wings of Despair"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Zetsubō no Tsubasa" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 絶望の翼)
October 31, 2015

258
"Tartaros Chapter – Fire Dragon Iron Fist"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Karyū no Tekken" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 火竜の鉄拳)
November 7, 2015

259
"Tartaros Chapter – 00:00"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Zero Zero Zero Zero" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 00:00)
November 14, 2015

260
"Tartaros Chapter – The Girl in the Crystal"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Suishō no Naka no Shōjo" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 水晶の中の少女)
November 21, 2015

261
"Tartaros Chapter – Absolute Demon"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Zettai no Akuma" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 絶対の悪魔)
November 28, 2015

262
"Tartaros Chapter – Memento Mori"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Memento Mori" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 メメント・モリ)
December 5, 2015

263
"Tartaros Chapter – Soaring Above Ishgar"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Ishugaru ni Mau" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 イシュガルに舞う)
December 12, 2015

264
"Tartaros Chapter – Drops of Fire"
"Tarutarosu-hen: Honō no Shizuku" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 炎の雫)
December 19, 2015

265
"Tartaros Chapter, Finale – Where the Power of Life Lies"
"Tarutarosu-hen (Shūshō): Sore ga Ikiru Chikara Da" (冥府の門 (タルタロス)編 【終章】 それが生きる力だ)
December 26, 2015

text: Fairy Tail Zero (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[t]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[u]

266
"The Fairy in Your Heart"
"Kokoro no Naka no Yōsei" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 心の中の妖精)
January 9, 2016

267
"The Adventure Begins"
"Bōken no Hajimari" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 冒険の始まり)
January 16, 2016

268
"Treasure Hunt"
"Torejā Hanto" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ トレジャーハント)
January 23, 2016

269
"Dancing with Blades"
"Yaiba to Odoru" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 刃と踊る)
January 30, 2016

270
"Moonlit Lake"
"Tsukiakari no Mizūmi" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 月明かりの湖)
February 6, 2016

271
"Blue Skull"
"Burū Sukaru" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 青い髑髏 (ブルースカル))
February 13, 2016

272
"Conveyer of Magic"
"Madō o Tsutaeru Mono" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 魔道を伝える者)
February 20, 2016

273
"Treasure"
"Takaramono" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 宝物)
February 27, 2016

274
"Law"
"Rō" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ ロウ)
March 5, 2016

275
"Eternal Adventure"
"Eien no Bōken" (FAIRY TAIL ZERØ 永遠の冒険)
March 12, 2016

276
"Challenger"
"Chōsensha" (挑戦者)
March 19, 2016

277
"Message of Flame"
"Honō no Messēji" (炎のメッセージ)
March 26, 2016

text: Films[edit]

text:
#
Title
Original release
English release

1
"Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess"
"Gekijōban Fearī Teiru: Hōō no Miko" (劇場版 フェアリーテイル 鳳凰の巫女)
August 18, 2012
December 2, 2013

2
"Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry"
"Gekijōban Fearī Teiru: Dragon Cry" (劇場版 フェアリーテイル DRAGON CRY)
May 6, 2017
August 16, 2017

text: Original video animations[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Release date

1
"Welcome to Fairy Hills!!"
"Yōkoso, Fearī Hiruzu!!" (ようこそ フェアリーヒルズ!!)
April 15, 2011

Lucy Heartfilia visits Fairy Tail's all-female dormitory as part of a strange job request where she must search for a missing object while dressed in a skimpy cat costume.

2
"Fairy Academy: Yankee-kun and Yankee-chan"
"Yōsei Gakuen: Yankī-kun to Yankī-chan" (妖精学園 ヤンキーくんとヤンキーちゃん)
June 17, 2011

In an alternate setting, Lucy is a transfer student at Fairy Academy where her friends are her classmates and teachers.

3
"Memory Days"
"Memorī Deizu" (メモリーデイズ)
February 17, 2012

A magical book called Memory Days sends Natsu Dragneel and his friends six years into the past. While searching for a way to return to the present, the wizards unwittingly affect their younger selves' lives.

4
"Fairies' Training Camp"
"Yōsei-tachi no Gasshuku" (妖精たちの合宿)
November 16, 2012

The Fairy Tail wizards train rigorously for the Grand Magic Games, while Lucy relates the story of how she first found Natsu and Happy's house.

Movie OVA
"The First Morning"
"Hajimari no Asa" (はじまりの朝)
February 15, 2013

In a prologue to Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess, Éclair unwittingly brings a stuffed bird doll to life, creating Momon.

5
"Welcome to Ryuzetsu Land"
"Dokidoki Ryūzetsu Rando" (ドキドキ・リュウゼツランド)
June 17, 2013

On the third night of the Grand Magic Games, Fairy Tail visits a water park with the other tournament competitors.

6
"Fairy Tail x Rave Master"
"Fearī Teiru x Reivu" (フェアリーテイル x レイヴ)
August 16, 2013

In a crossover with Rave Master, Natsu battles Haru Glory when he believes his latest job request involves capturing Haru's friend Elie. When an old adversary emerges, however, Natsu and Haru must set their differences aside to defeat him.

7
"Fairies' Penalty Game"
"Yōsei-tachi no Batsu Gēmu" (妖精たちの罰ゲーム)
May 20, 2016[129]

Makarov upholds a bet between Fairy Tail's "Team A" and "Team B" from the Grand Magic Games where the losing team must follow the winners' demands for an entire day.

8
"Natsu vs. Mavis"
"Natsu vs. Meibisu" (ナツ vs. メイビス)
November 17, 2016

Natsu helps Mavis experience her first warm bath when she complains of her inability to feel heat. When Mavis still feels downcast, Natsu and his friends accept a job request to find a buried keepsake of hers to cheer her up.

9
"Fairies' Christmas"
"Yōsei-tachi no Kurisumasu" (妖精たちのクリスマス)
December 16, 2016

The wizards gather at Lucy's apartment for a Christmas party, where a drunken Erza forces everyone to play an embarrassing game.

text: Home media releases[edit]

text: Japanese[edit]

text:
Pony Canyon (Region 2)

Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.

2009 series
1
1–4
January 29, 2010
[130]

2
5–8
February 26, 2010
[131]

3
9–12
March 17, 2010
[132]

4
13–16
April 30, 2010
[133]

5
17–20
May 28, 2010
[134]

6
21–24
June 25, 2010
[135]

7
25–28
July 30, 2010
[136]

8
29–32
August 27, 2010
[137]

9
33–36
October 6, 2010
[138]

10
37–40
November 3, 2010
[139]

11
41–44
December 1, 2010
[140]

12
45–48
December 24, 2010
[141]

13
49–52
February 2, 2011
[142]

14
53–56
March 2, 2011
[143]

15
57–60
April 27, 2011
[144]

16
61–64
May 3, 2011
[145]

17
65–68
June 1, 2011
[146]

18
69–72
July 6, 2011
[147]

19
73–76
August 3, 2011
[148]

20
77–80
September 7, 2011
[149]

21
81–84
October 5, 2011
[150]

22
85–88
November 2, 2011
[151]

23
89–92
December 7, 2011
[152]

24
93–96
January 6, 2012
[153]

25
97–100
February 1, 2012
[154]

26
101–104
March 7, 2012
[155]

27
105–108
April 4, 2012
[156]

28
109–112
May 2, 2012
[157]

29
113–116
June 6, 2012
[158]

30
117–120
July 4, 2012
[159]

31
121–124
August 1, 2012
[160]

32
125–128
September 5, 2012
[161]

33
129–132
October 27, 2012
[162]

34
133–136
November 7, 2012
[163]

35
137–140
December 5, 2012
[164]

36
141–144
January 9, 2013
[165]

37
145–148
February 7, 2013
[166]

38
149–152
March 6, 2013
[167]

39
153–156
April 3, 2013
[168]

40
157–160
May 1, 2013
[169]

41
161–164
June 5, 2013
[170]

42
165–168
July 3, 2013
[171]

43
169–172
August 7, 2013
[172]

44
173–175
September 4, 2013
[173]

2014 series
Vol. 1
176–179
July 7, 2014
[174]

Vol. 2
180–183
August 16, 2014
[175]

Vol. 3
184–187
September 17, 2014
[176]

Vol. 4
188–191
October 17, 2014
[177]

Vol. 5
192–195
November 17, 2014
[178]

Vol. 6
196–199
December 16, 2014
[179]

Vol. 7
200–203
January 16, 2015
[180]

Vol. 8
204–207
February 17, 2015
[181]

Vol. 9
208–211
March 17, 2015
[182]

Vol. 10
212–215
April 16, 2015
[183]

Vol. 11
216–219
May 15, 2015
[184]

Vol. 12
220–223
June 17, 2015
[185]

Vol. 13
224–226
July 17, 2015
[186]

Collections
DVD Collection I
1–48
July 6, 2011
[187]

DVD Collection II
49–98
July 4, 2012
[188]

DVD Collection III
99–144
August 21, 2013
[189]

text: English[edit]

text:
Funimation Entertainment

Volume
Episodes
Release date
Ref.

2009 series
Part 1
1–12
November 22, 2011
[190]

Part 2
13–24
December 27, 2011
[191]

Part 3
25–36
January 31, 2012
[192]

Part 4
37–48
March 20, 2012
[193]

Part 5
49–60
July 23, 2013
[194]

Part 6
61–72
August 20, 2013
[195]

Part 7
73–84
December 10, 2013
[196]

Part 8
85–96
February 4, 2014
[197]

Part 9
97–108
March 25, 2014
[198]

Part 10
109–120
May 20, 2014
[199]

Part 11
121–131
July 15, 2014
[200]

Part 12
132–142
September 16, 2014
[201]

Part 13
143–153
October 28, 2014
[202]

Part 14
154–164
December 2, 2014
[203]

Part 15
165–175
March 10, 2015
[204]

2014 series
Part 16
176–187
August 25, 2015
[205]

Part 17
188–199
September 23, 2015
[206]

Part 18
200–212
December 1, 2015
[207]

Part 19
213–226
March 22, 2016
[208]

Part 20
227–239
June 7, 2016
[209]

Part 21
240–252
September 6, 2016
[210]

Part 22
253–265
December 6, 2016
[211]

Collections
Collection 1
1–24
April 30, 2013
[212]

Collection 2
25–48
July 23, 2013
[213]

Collection 3
49–72
January 6, 2015
[214]

Collection 4
73–96
June 2, 2015
[215]

Collection 5
97–120
November 3, 2015
[216]

Collection 6
121–142
January 17, 2017
[217]

Collection 7
143–164
March 28, 2017
[218]

Collection 8
165–187
June 6, 2017
[219]

Collection 9
188-212
August 15, 2017
[220]

Collection 10
213-239
October 24, 2017
[221]

Collection 11
240-265
February 13, 2018
[222]

text:
Manga Entertainment (Parts 1-9) Funimation via Anime Limited (Part 10+) (Region B/2)

Volume
Episodes
Release date
Refs.

Standards
Part 1
1–12
March 5, 2012
[223]

Part 2
13–24
May 21, 2012
[224]

Part 3
25–36
July 16, 2012
[225]

Part 4
37–48
September 17, 2012
[226]

Part 5
49–60
December 2, 2013
[227][228]

Part 6
61–72
February 24, 2014
[229][230]

Part 7
73–84
April 28, 2014
[231][232]

Part 8
85–96
August 11, 2014
[233][234]

Part 9
97–108
February 23, 2015
[235]

Part 10
109–120
November 21, 2016
[236]

Part 11
121–131
December 5, 2016
[237]

Part 12
132–142
January 9, 2017
[238]

Collections
Collection 1
1–24
July 22, 2013 (DVD)
March 10, 2014 (Blu-ray)
[239]
[240]

Collection 2
25–48
September 2, 2013 (DVD)
June 2, 2014 (Blu-ray)
[241]
[242]

Collection 3
49–72
January 19, 2015
[243]

Collection 4
73–96
September 14, 2015
[244]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.

tag: ol


document_title: List of current heads of state and government

question_text: who is the current leader of san marino

question_tokens: who is the current leader of san marino

root

text: Member and observer states of the United Nations

text: Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

tag: ul

text:
State

Head of state

Head of government

 Afghanistan

President – Ashraf Ghani[α]

Chief Executive – Abdullah Abdullah

 Albania

President – Ilir Meta

Prime Minister – Edi Rama

 Algeria

President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika

Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia

 Andorra

Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives SicíliaCo-Prince's Representative – Josep Maria MauriFrench Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron[β]Co-Prince's Representative – Patrick Strzoda

Head of Government – Antoni Martí

 Angola

President – João Lourenço

 Antigua and Barbuda

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams

Prime Minister – Gaston Browne

 Argentina

President – Mauricio Macri

 Armenia

President – Armen Sarkissian

Prime Minister – Serzh Sargsyan

 Australia

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Peter Cosgrove

Prime Minister – Malcolm Turnbull

 Austria

Federal President – Alexander Van der Bellen

Federal Chancellor – Sebastian Kurz

 Azerbaijan

President – Ilham Aliyev

Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade

 Bahamas, The

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Dame Marguerite Pindling

Prime Minister – Hubert Minnis

 Bahrain

King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa

Prime Minister – Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

 Bangladesh

President – Abdul Hamid

Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina

 Barbados

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Dame Sandra Mason

Prime Minister – Freundel Stuart

 Belarus

President – Alexander Lukashenko

Prime Minister – Andrei Kobyakov

 Belgium

King – Philippe

Prime Minister – Charles Michel

 Belize

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Colville Young

Prime Minister – Dean Barrow

 Benin

President – Patrice Talon

 Bhutan

King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck

Prime Minister – Tshering Tobgay

 Bolivia

President – Evo Morales

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

High Representative – Valentin Inzko

Presidency[δ]

Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Denis Zvizdić

Bakir Izetbegović (as Chairman)

Dragan Čović (as Member)
Mladen Ivanić (as Member)

 Botswana

President – Mokgweetsi Masisi

 Brazil

President – Michel Temer[ε]

 Brunei

Sultan and Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah

 Bulgaria

President – Rumen Radev

Prime Minister – Boyko Borisov

 Burkina Faso

President – Roch Marc Christian Kaboré

Prime Minister – Paul Kaba Thieba

 Burundi

President – Pierre Nkurunziza

 Cambodia

King – Norodom Sihamoni

Prime Minister – Hun Sen

 Cameroon

President – Paul Biya[α]

Prime Minister – Philémon Yang

 Canada

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor General – Julie Payette

Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau

 Cape Verde

President – Jorge Carlos Fonseca

Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva

 Central African Republic

President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra[α]

Prime Minister – Simplice Sarandji

 Chad

President – Idriss Déby[α]

Prime Minister – Albert Pahimi Padacké

 Chile

President – Sebastián Piñera

 China

General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping

President – Xi Jinping

Premier of the State Council – Li Keqiang

 Colombia

President – Juan Manuel Santos

 Comoros

President – Azali Assoumani

 Congo, Democratic Republic of the

President – Joseph Kabila

Prime Minister – Bruno Tshibala

 Congo, Republic of the

President – Denis Sassou Nguesso

Prime Minister – Clément Mouamba

 Costa Rica

President – Luis Guillermo Solís

President-elect – Carlos Alvarado Quesada

 Croatia

President – Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović

Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković

 Cuba

First Secretary of the Communist Party – Raúl Castro

President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers – Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez

 Cyprus

President – Nicos Anastasiades

 Czech Republic

President – Miloš Zeman

Prime Minister – Andrej Babiš

 Denmark

Queen – Margrethe II

Prime Minister – Lars Løkke Rasmussen

 Djibouti

President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh[α]

Prime Minister – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed

 Dominica

President – Charles Savarin

Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit

 Dominican Republic

President – Danilo Medina

 East Timor

President – Francisco Guterres

Prime Minister – Mari Alkatiri

 Ecuador

President – Lenín Moreno

 Egypt

President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

Prime Minister – Sherif Ismail

 El Salvador

President – Salvador Sánchez Cerén

 Equatorial Guinea

President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[α]

Prime Minister – Francisco Pascual Obama Asue

 Eritrea

President – Isaias Afwerki

 Estonia

President – Kersti Kaljulaid

Prime Minister – Jüri Ratas

 Ethiopia

President – Mulatu Teshome

Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed

 Fiji

President – George Konrote

Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama

 Finland

President – Sauli Niinistö

Prime Minister – Juha Sipilä

 France

President – Emmanuel Macron[β]

Prime Minister – Édouard Philippe

 Gabon

President – Ali Bongo Ondimba[α]

Prime Minister – Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet

 Gambia, The

President – Adama Barrow

 Georgia

President – Giorgi Margvelashvili

Prime Minister – Giorgi Kvirikashvili

 Germany

President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Chancellor – Angela Merkel

 Ghana

President – Nana Akufo-Addo

 Greece

President – Prokopis Pavlopoulos

Prime Minister – Alexis Tsipras

 Grenada

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade

Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell

 Guatemala

President – Jimmy Morales

 Guinea

President – Alpha Condé[α]

Prime Minister – Mamady Youla

 Guinea-Bissau

President – José Mário Vaz

Prime Minister – Aristides Gomes

 Guyana

President – David A. Granger[α]

Prime Minister – Moses Nagamootoo

 Haiti

President – Jovenel Moïse

Prime Minister – Jack Guy Lafontant

 Honduras

President – Juan Orlando Hernández

 Hungary

President – János Áder

Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán

 Iceland

President – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson

Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir

 India

President – Ram Nath Kovind

Prime Minister – Narendra Modi

 Indonesia

President – Joko Widodo

 Iran

Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei

President – Hassan Rouhani

 Iraq

President – Fuad Masum

Prime Minister – Haider al-Abadi

 Ireland

President – Michael D. Higgins

Taoiseach – Leo Varadkar

 Israel

President – Reuven Rivlin

Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu

 Italy

President – Sergio Mattarella

President of the Council of Ministers – Paolo Gentiloni

 Ivory Coast

President – Alassane Ouattara[α]

Prime Minister – Amadou Gon Coulibaly

 Jamaica

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen

Prime Minister – Andrew Holness

 Japan

Emperor – Akihito

Prime Minister – Shinzō Abe

 Jordan

King – Abdullah II

Prime Minister – Hani Al-Mulki

 Kazakhstan

President – Nursultan Nazarbayev

Prime Minister – Bakhytzhan Sagintayev

 Kenya

President – Uhuru Kenyatta

 Kiribati

President – Taneti Mamau

 Kuwait

Emir – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

Prime Minister – Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah

 Kyrgyzstan

President – Sooronbay Jeenbekov

Prime Minister – Sapar Isakov

Prime minister-designate – Muhammedkalyi Abilgaziyev

 Laos

General Secretary of the Communist Party – Bounnhang Vorachith

President – Bounnhang Vorachith

Prime Minister – Thongloun Sisoulith

 Latvia

President – Raimonds Vējonis

Prime Minister – Māris Kučinskis

 Lebanon

President – Michel Aoun

President of the Council of Ministers – Saad Hariri

 Lesotho

King – Letsie III

Prime Minister – Tom Thabane

 Liberia

President – George Weah

 Libya

Chairman of the Presidential Council and Prime Minister – Fayez al-Sarraj

 Liechtenstein

Prince Regnant – Hans-Adam II

Head of Government – Adrian Hasler

Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois

 Lithuania

President – Dalia Grybauskaitė

Prime Minister – Saulius Skvernelis

 Luxembourg

Grand Duke – Henri

Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel

 Macedonia

President – Gjorge Ivanov

President of the Government – Zoran Zaev

 Madagascar

President – Hery Rajaonarimampianina

Prime Minister – Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana

 Malawi

President – Peter Mutharika

 Malaysia

Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Muhammad V

Prime Minister – Najib Razak

 Maldives

President – Abdulla Yameen

 Mali

President – Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta

Prime Minister – Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga

 Malta

President – Marie Louise Coleiro Preca

Prime Minister – Joseph Muscat

 Marshall Islands

President – Hilda Heine

 Mauritania

President – Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

Prime Minister – Yahya Ould Hademine

 Mauritius

Acting President – Barlen Vyapoory

Prime Minister – Pravind Jugnauth

 Mexico

President – Enrique Peña Nieto

 Micronesia

President – Peter M. Christian

 Moldova

President – Igor Dodon

Prime Minister – Pavel Filip

 Monaco

Sovereign Prince – Albert II

Minister of State – Serge Telle

 Mongolia

President – Khaltmaagiin Battulga

Prime Minister – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

 Montenegro

President – Filip VujanovićPresident-elect – Milo Đukanović

Prime Minister – Duško Marković

 Morocco

King – Mohammed VI

Head of Government – Saadeddine Othmani

 Mozambique

President – Filipe Nyusi[α]

Prime Minister – Carlos Agostinho do Rosário

 Myanmar

President – Win Myint[α]

State Counsellor – Aung San Suu Kyi

 Namibia

President – Hage Geingob[α]

Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa

 Nauru

President – Baron Waqa

   Nepal

President – Bidhya Devi Bhandari

Prime Minister – Khadga Prasad Oli

 Netherlands

King – Willem-Alexander

Prime Minister – Mark Rutte

 New Zealand

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Dame Patsy Reddy[ζ]

Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern

 Nicaragua

President – Daniel Ortega

 Niger

President – Mahamadou Issoufou

Prime Minister – Brigi Rafini

 Nigeria

President – Muhammadu Buhari

 Norway

King – Harald V

Prime Minister – Erna Solberg

 North Korea

Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea – Kim Jong-un

Supreme Leader and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission – Kim Jong-un[η]Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly – Kim Yong-nam[θ]

Premier of the Cabinet – Pak Pong-ju

 Oman

Sultan and Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said

 Pakistan

President – Mamnoon Hussain

Interim Prime Minister – Shahid Khaqan Abbasi

 Palau

President – Tommy Remengesau

 Palestine

President – Mahmoud Abbas

Prime Minister – Rami Hamdallah

 Panama

President – Juan Carlos Varela

 Papua New Guinea

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae

Prime Minister – Peter O'Neill

 Paraguay

President – Horacio Cartes

 Peru

President – Martín Vizcarra[α]

Prime Minister – César Villanueva

 Philippines

President – Rodrigo Duterte

 Poland

President – Andrzej Duda

Prime Minister – Mateusz Morawiecki

 Portugal

President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa

Prime Minister – António Costa

 Qatar

Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani

Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani

 Romania

President – Klaus Iohannis

Prime Minister – Viorica Dăncilă

 Russia

President – Vladimir Putin

Prime Minister – Dmitry Medvedev

 Rwanda

President – Paul Kagame[α]

Prime Minister – Edouard Ngirente

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Tapley Seaton

Prime Minister – Timothy Harris

 Saint Lucia

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Neville Cenac

Prime Minister – Allen Chastanet

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne

Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves

 Samoa

O le Ao o le Malo – Va'aletoa Sualauvi II

Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi

 San Marino

Captain Regent[ι] – Stefano Palmieri

Captain Regent[ι] – Matteo Ciacci

 São Tomé and Príncipe

President – Evaristo Carvalho

Prime Minister – Patrice Trovoada

 Saudi Arabia

King and Prime Minister – Salman

 Senegal

President – Macky Sall

Prime Minister – Mohammed Dionne

 Serbia

President – Aleksandar Vučić

Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić

 Seychelles

President – Danny Faure

 Sierra Leone

President – Julius Maada Bio

 Singapore

President – Halimah Yacob

Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong

 Slovakia

President – Andrej Kiska

Prime Minister – Peter Pellegrini

 Slovenia

President – Borut Pahor

Prime Minister – Miro Cerar

 Solomon Islands

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Frank Kabui

Prime Minister – Rick Houenipwela

 Somalia

President – Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed

Prime Minister – Hassan Ali Khayre

 South Africa

President – Cyril Ramaphosa

 South Korea

President – Moon Jae-in[α]

Prime Minister – Lee Nak-yeon

 South Sudan

President – Salva Kiir Mayardit

 Spain

King – Felipe VI

President of the Government – Mariano Rajoy

 Sri Lanka

President – Maithripala Sirisena[α]

Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe

 Sudan

President – Omar al-Bashir[α]

Prime Minister – Bakri Hassan Saleh

 Suriname

President – Dési Bouterse

 Swaziland

King – Mswati III

Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini

 Sweden

King – Carl XVI Gustaf

Prime Minister – Stefan Löfven

  Switzerland

Federal Council[κ]

Alain Berset (as President)

Ueli Maurer (as Vice President)
Doris Leuthard (as Member)
Simonetta Sommaruga (as Member)
Johann Schneider-Ammann (as Member)
Guy Parmelin (as Member)
Ignazio Cassis (as Member)

 Syria

President – Bashar al-Assad

Prime Minister – Imad Khamis

 Tajikistan

President – Emomali Rahmon[α]

Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda

 Tanzania

President – John Magufuli[α]

Prime Minister – Kassim Majaliwa

 Thailand

King – Maha Vajiralongkorn

Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-cha

 Togo

President – Faure Gnassingbé[α]

Prime Minister – Komi Sélom Klassou

 Tonga

King – Tupou VI

Prime Minister – ʻAkilisi Pōhiva

 Trinidad and Tobago

President – Paula-Mae Weekes

Prime Minister – Keith Rowley

 Tunisia

President – Beji Caid Essebsi

Head of Government – Youssef Chahed

 Turkey

President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan[λ]

Prime Minister – Binali Yıldırım

 Turkmenistan

President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

 Tuvalu

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Sir Iakoba Italeli

Prime Minister – Enele Sopoaga

 Uganda

President – Yoweri Museveni[α]

Prime Minister – Ruhakana Rugunda

 Ukraine

President – Petro Poroshenko

Prime Minister – Volodymyr Groysman

 United Arab Emirates

President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

 United Kingdom

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]

Prime Minister – Theresa May

 United States

President – Donald Trump

 Uruguay

President – Tabaré Vázquez

 Uzbekistan

President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev[α]

Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov

 Vanuatu

President – Tallis Obed Moses

Prime Minister – Charlot Salwai

  Vatican City

Sovereign – Pope Francis

President of the Governorate – Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello

 Venezuela

President – Nicolás Maduro

 Vietnam

General Secretary of the Communist Party – Nguyễn Phú Trọng

President – Trần Đại Quang

Prime Minister – Nguyễn Xuân Phúc

 Yemen

President – Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi

Prime Minister – Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr

 Zambia

President – Edgar Lungu

 Zimbabwe

President – Emmerson Mnangagwa

text: Other states

text: The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

tag: p

text:
State

Also claimed by

Head of state

Head of government

 Abkhazia

 Georgia

President – Raul Khajimba

Prime Minister – Beslan Bartsits

 Cook Islands[μ]

 New Zealand

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Queen's Representative – Tom Marsters

Prime Minister – Henry Puna

 Kosovo

 Serbia

President – Hashim Thaçi

Prime Minister – Ramush Haradinaj

 Niue[μ]

 New Zealand

Queen – Elizabeth II[γ]Governor-General – Dame Patsy Reddy[ζ]

Premier – Sir Toke Talagi

 Northern Cyprus

 Cyprus

President – Mustafa Akıncı

Prime Minister – Tufan Erhürman

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

 Morocco

General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali

President – Brahim Ghali

Prime Minister – Mohamed Wali Akeik

 South Ossetia

 Georgia

President – Anatoliy Bibilov

Prime Minister – Erik Pukhayev

 Taiwan (Republic of China)

 People's Republic of China

President – Tsai Ing-wen

President of the Executive Yuan – William Lai

text: The following states/governments control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

text:
State/Government

Also claimed by

Head of state

Head of government

 Artsakh

 Azerbaijan

President – Bako Sahakyan

 Somaliland

 Somalia

President – Muse Bihi Abdi

 Transnistria

 Moldova

President – Vadim Krasnoselsky

Prime Minister – Aleksandr Martynov

text: Other governments

text: These alternative governments are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member.

text:
Government

Also claimed by

Head of state

Head of government

 House of Representatives

 Libya

President of the House of Representatives – Aguila Saleh Issa

Prime Minister – Abdullah al-Thani

 Supreme Political Council

 Yemen

President of the Supreme Political Council – Saleh Ali al-Sammad

Prime Minister – Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour

 Syrian Interim Government

 Syria

President – Riad Seif

Prime Minister – Jawad Abu Hatab

text: Other entities

text:
Entity

Head of state

Head of government

 European Union

President of the European Council – Donald Tusk

President of the European Commission – Jean-Claude Juncker

 Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Acting Lieutenant and Grand Master – Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto

Grand Chancellor – Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager


document_title: Union Public Service Commission

question_text: who appoints chairman of state public service commission

text: Union Public Service Commission

text: History[edit]

text: The Royal Commission on the superior Civil Services in India was set up under the chairmanship of Lord Lee of Fareham by the British Government in 1923.[10][8] With equal numbers of Indian and British members, the commission submitted its report in 1924, recommending setting up of a Public Service Commission.[11] The Lee Commission proposed that 40% of future entrants should be British, 40% Indians directly recruited, and 20% Indians promoted from the provincial services.[10][9]

text: This led to the establishment of the first Public Service Commission on 1 October 1926 under the chairmanship of Sir Ross Barker.[8] A mere limited advisory function was granted to the Public Service Commission and the leaders of the freedom movement continually stressed on this aspect, which then resulted in the setting up of a Federal Public Service Commission under the Government of India Act, 1935.[8][9]

text: The Federal Public Service Commission became the Union Public Service Commission after independence. It was given a constitutional status with under of Constitution of India on 26 January 1950.[11][9][12]

text: Constitutional status[edit]

text: Articles 315 to 323 of Part XIV of the constitution, titled as Services Under the Union and the States, provide for a Public Service Commission for the Union and for each state.[5][6] Accordingly, as per Art. 315, at Union level, Union Public Service Commission is envisaged by it. UPSC is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary and lately the Election Commission.[7]

text: Appointment[edit]

text: As per Art. 316, the Chairman and other members of Union Public Service Commission shall be appointed by the President. In case the office of the Chairman becomes vacant his duties shall be performed by one of the other members of the Commission as the President may appoint for the purpose.[13]

text: Also, nearly half of the members of the Commission shall be persons who at the dates of their respective appointments have held office for at least ten years either under the Government of India or under the Government of a State. A member of a Union Public Service Commission shall hold office for a term of six years from the date on which he enters upon his office or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. Under Art 318, the President is empowered to determine number of members of the Commission and their conditions of service. Further, he can make provision with respect to the number of members of the staff of the Commission and their conditions of service too. Also, conditions of service cannot be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.[13]

text: As per Art 319, a person who holds office as Chairman shall, on the expiration of his term of office, be ineligible for re-appointment to that office. But, a member other than the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission shall be eligible for appointment as the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission, or as the Chairman of a State Public Service Commission, but not for any other employment either under the Government of India or under the Government of a State. Also, the Chairman of a State Public Service Commission shall be eligible for appointment as the Chairman or any other member of the Union Public Service Commission.[13]

text: Removal and suspension[edit]

text: As per Art. 317, the Chairman or any other member of a Public Service Commission shall only be removed from his office by order of the President on the ground of "misbehaviour" after the Supreme Court, on reference being made to it by the President, has, on inquiry reported that the Chairman or such other member ought to be removed. The President may suspend the Chairman or other member of the Commission until report of the Supreme Court is received.[13]

text: The President may also remove the Chairman or any other member of the commission if he/she:

text:
is adjudged an insolvent; or
engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office; or
is, in the opinion of the President, unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.

text: If the Chairman or any other member cannot hold an office of profit or otherwise he shall be deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour.[13]

text: Functions[edit]

text: As per Art. 320, it shall be the duty of the Union Public Service Commissions to conduct examinations for appointments to the services of the Union. It shall also assist two or more States, if requested so, in framing and operating schemes of joint recruitment for any services.[13]

text: The Union Public Service Commission shall be consulted:

text:
on all matters relating to
methods of recruitment to civil services and for civil posts
making appointments to civil services and posts
making promotions and transfers from one service to another
the suitability of candidates for such appointments, promotions or transfers
on all disciplinary matters against a civil servant serving in a civil capacity, including memorials or petitions relating to such matters.
on any claim by or in respect of a person who is serving or has served in a civil capacity, that any costs incurred by him in defending legal proceedings instituted against him in respect of acts done or purporting to be done in the execution of his duty should be paid out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
on any claim for the award of a pension in respect of injuries sustained by a person while serving in a civil capacity, and any question as to the amount of such award.

text: It shall be the duty of a Union Public Service Commission to advise on any matter referred to them; provided that the President has not made any regulations specifying the matters in which it shall not be necessary for Union Public Service Commission to be consulted.[13]

text: Expenses[edit]

text: As per Art. 322, the expenses of the Union Public Service Commission, including any salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of the members or staff of the Commission, shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.[13]

text: Extension of functions[edit]

text: As per Art. 321, an Act made by Parliament may provide for the exercise of additional functions by the Union Public Service Commission w.r.t. services of the Union.[13]

text: Reporting[edit]

text: As per Art. 323, it shall be the duty of the Union Commission to annually present a report to the President of the work done by the Commission. On receipt of such report, the President shall present a copy before each House of Parliament; together with a memorandum, if any, explaining the reasons where the advice of the Commission was not accepted by him.[13]

text: Organisational structure[edit]

text: The Commission consists of a chairman and other members appointed by The President of India. Usually, the Commission consists of 9 to 11 members including the chairman.[14] Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier.

text: The terms and conditions of service of chairman and members of the Commission are governed by the Union Public Service Commission (Members) Regulations, 1969.[15]

text: The chairman and any other member of the Commission can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehaviour (only if an inquiry of such misbehaviour is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.

text: Secretariat[edit]

text: The Commission is serviced by a Secretariat headed by a Secretary with four Additional Secretaries, a number of Joint Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries and other supporting staff.[16] The secretariat, for administrative purpose, is further divided into divisions, each undertaking a specific responsibility:[17]

text:
Administration: Administers the Secretariat as well as looks after personal matters of Chairman/Members and other Officers/Staff of the Commission.[18]
All India Services: Recruitment to All India Services is done either by direct recruitment (through Competitive Examinations) or by promotion from the State Service. The AIS Branch handles the promotions of State Service officers to the IAS, IPS and IFS. It also handles policy matters relating to All India Services and amendments in the 'Promotion Regulations' of respective services.[19]
Appointments: It carry out appointments to central services based on Promotion(based on proposals from various Ministries/Departments/Union Territories and from certain local bodies) and by the means of Deputation and Absorption.[20]
Examination: It carries out merit-based selection and recommendation of candidates, through various examinations, to Group A and Group B Services of the Government of India.[21]
General: Primarily deals with day-to-day housekeeping works for Commission, like, arrangements and facilitation for conduction of Examinations by the UPSC, printing Annual Report etc.[22]
Recruitment: This branch carries out Direct Recruitment(out of the 3 possible mechanisms of : 'direct recruitment', 'recruitment by promotion' and 'recruitment by transfer and permanent absorption') by selection to all Group `A’ and certain Group `B’ posts of the services of the Union (including some Union Territories). These recruitment are done either by selection(interview) or through competitive examination.[23]
Recruitment Rules: The Commission is mandated under Art. 320 of the Constitution of India, read along the UPSC (Exemption from Consultation) Regulations, 1958, to advise on framing and amending of Recruitment and Service Rules for various Group A and Group B posts in the Government of India, and certain autonomous organizations like EPFO, ESIC, DJB, NDMC & Municipal Corporations(s) of Delhi. This Branch carries out this responsibility by facilitating the Ministries / Departments / UT Administrations / Autonomous Organisations in this regard.[24]
Services I: Handles disciplinary cases received from various Ministries/Departments and State Governments for advice of the Commission, as required under Article 320 (3)(c).
Services II: Handles all other cases that 'Services I' branch doesn't. It compiles the Annual Report. Also, it coordinates visits of foreign delegations, correspondence with foreign countries and hosting of international events concerning Public Service Commissions, including the SAARC Member States.

text: Present members[edit]

text: The commission has 8 members including the Chairman, who are:[25]

text:
Arvind Saxena (Chairman)
Prof. Dr. Pradeep Kumar Joshi
Bhim Sain Bassi
Air Marshal A. S. Bhonsle (Retd.)
Sujata Mehta
Dr. Manoj Soni[2]
Smita Nagaraj[3]
M. Sathiyavathy[1]

text: List of all chairman[edit]

text: Following is the list of Chairmen of UPSC:[26]

text:
List of UPSC Chairmen (since inception)
hide

Chairman

Term

Background

From

To

Sir Ross Barker
October 1926

August 1932

Sir David Petrie
August 1932

1936

Sir Eyre Gorden
1937

1942

Sir F. W. Robertson
1942

1947

H. K. Kripalani
April 1947

January 1949

R. N. Banerjee
January 1949

May 1955

N. Govindarajan
May 1955

December 1955

V. S. Hejmadi
December 1955

December 1961

B. N. Jha
December 1961

February 1967

K. R. Damle
April 1967

March 1971

R.C.S. Sarkar
May 1971

February 1973
Academician, West Bengal Civil Services Officer

A. R. Kidwai
February 1973

February 1979

M. L. Shahare
February 1979

February 1985

H. K. L. Capoor
February 1985

March 1990

J. P. Gupta
March 1990

June 1992

R. M. Bathew (Kharbuli)
September 1992

August 1996

S. J. S. Chhatwal
August 1996

September 1996

J. M. Qureshi
September 1996

December 1998

Lt. Gen. Surinder Nath
December 1998

June 2002

P. C. Hota
June 2002

September 2003

Mata Prasad
September 2003

January 2005
Indian Administrative Service of 1962 Batch

S. R. Hashim
January 2005

April 2006

D. P. Agrawal
August 2008

August 2014
Academician

Rajni Razdan
August 2014[27]

November 2014
Indian Administrative Service Officer of 1973 Batch, Haryana cadre[28]

Deepak Gupta
November 2014

September 2016
Indian Administrative Service Officer of 1974 Batch, Jharkhand cadre[29][30]

Alka Sirohi
September 21, 2016

January 3, 2017
Indian Administrative Service Officer of 1974 Batch,[31] Madhya Pradesh cadre[32]

David R. Syiemlieh
January 4, 2017

January 21, 2018
Academician[33] and former Vice-Chancellor of the Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar[34]

Vinay Mittal
January 22, 2018

June 19, 2018
Former Chairman of the Railway Board and Indian Railway Traffic Service Officer of 1975 Batch[35]

Arvind Saxena
June 20, 2018

till date
Indian Postal Service Officer of 1978 Batch and an Officer of the Research and Analysis Wing[36]


document_title: Olympic symbols

question_text: what are the colours of the olympic rings

text: Olympic symbols

text: Motto[edit]

text: The Olympic motto is the hendiatris Citius, Altius, Fortius, which is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger".[1] It was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin upon the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. Coubertin borrowed it from his friend Henri Didon, a Dominican priest who was an athletics enthusiast.[2] Coubertin said "These three words represent a programme of moral beauty. The aesthetics of sport are intangible."[2] The motto was introduced in 1924 at the Olympic Games in Paris.[3] A more informal but well-known motto, also introduced by Coubertin, is "The most important thing is not to win but to take part!" Coubertin got this motto from a sermon by the Bishop of Pennsylvania during the 1908 London Games.[4]

text: Rings[edit]

text: The rings are five interlocking rings, colored blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field, known as the "Olympic rings". The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by de Coubertin.[5] He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents: Africa, Asia, America, Australia and Europe.[6] According to Coubertin, the colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation's flag at the time. Upon its initial introduction, Coubertin stated the following in the August 1912 edition of Olympique:[7]

text: ... the six colors [including the flag's white background] combined in this way reproduce the colours of every country without exception. The blue and yellow of Sweden, the blue and white of Greece, the tricolor flags of France, England, the United States, Germany, Belgium, Italy and Hungary, and the yellow and red of Spain are included, as are the innovative flags of Brazil and Australia, and those of ancient Japan and modern China. This, truly, is an international emblem.

text: In his article published in the Olympic Revue the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee in November 1992, the American historian Robert Barney explains that the idea of the interlaced rings came to Pierre de Coubertin when he was in charge of the USFSA, an association founded by the union of two French sports associations and until 1925, responsible for representing the International Olympic Committee in France: The emblem of the union was two interlaced rings (like the vesica piscis typical interlaced marriage rings) and originally the idea of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung: for him, the ring symbolized continuity and the human being.[8]

text: The 1914 Congress was suspended due to the outbreak of World War I, but the symbol and flag were later adopted. They would first officially debut at the Games of the VII Olympiad in Antwerp, Belgium, in 1920.[9]

text: The symbol's popularity and widespread use began during the lead-up to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Carl Diem, president of the Organizing Committee of the 1936 Summer Olympics, wanted to hold a torchbearers' ceremony in the stadium at Delphi, site of the famous oracle, where the Pythian Games were also held. For this reason he ordered construction of a milestone with the Olympic rings carved in the sides, and that a torchbearer should carry the flame along with an escort of three others from there to Berlin. The ceremony was celebrated but the stone was never removed. Later, two American authors, Lynn and Gray Poole, when visiting Delphi in the late 1950s, saw the stone and reported in their History of the Ancient Games[10] that the Olympic rings design came from ancient Greece. This has become known as "Carl Diem's Stone".[11] This created a myth that the symbol had an ancient Greek origin.

text: The current view of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is that the symbol "reinforces the idea" that the Olympic Movement is international and welcomes all countries of the world to join.[12] As can be read in the Olympic Charter, the Olympic symbol represents the union of the "five continents" of the world and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. However, no continent is represented by any specific ring. Prior to 1951, the official handbook stated that each color corresponded to a particular continent: blue for Europe, yellow for Asia, black for Africa, green for Australia and Oceania and red for the Americas; this was removed because there was no evidence that Coubertin had intended it (the quotation above was probably an afterthought).[13] Nevertheless, the logo of the Association of National Olympic Committees places the logo of each of its five continental associations inside the ring of the corresponding color.

text: Flag[edit]

text: The Olympic flag was created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1925.

text: The Olympic flag has a white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black, green and red. This design is symbolic; it represents the five continents of the world, united by Olympism, while the six colours are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time.

text: Specific flags[edit]

text: There are specific Olympic flags that are displayed by cities that will be hosting the next Olympic games. During each Olympic closing ceremony in what is traditionally known as the Antwerp Ceremony,[15] the flag is passed from the mayor of one host city to the next host, where it will then be taken to the new host and displayed at city hall. These flags should not be confused with the larger Olympic flags designed and created specifically for each games, which are flown over the host stadium and then retired. Because there is no specific flag for this purpose, the flags flown over the stadiums generally have subtle differences, including minor color variations, and, more noticeably, the presence (or lack) of white outlines around each ring.

text: Antwerp flag[edit]

text: The first Olympic flag was presented to the IOC at the 1920 Summer Olympics by the city of Antwerp, Belgium. At the end of the Games, the flag could not be found and a new Olympic flag had to be made for the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. Despite it being a replacement, the IOC officially still calls this the "Antwerp Flag" instead of the "Paris Flag".[16] It was passed on to the next organizing city of the Summer Olympics or Winter Olympics until the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, when a separate Olympic flag was created to be used only at the Winter Olympics (see below). The 1924 flag then continued to be used at the Summer Olympics until the Games of Seoul 1988 when it was retired.

text: In 1997, at a banquet hosted by the US Olympic Committee, a reporter was interviewing Hal Haig Prieste who had won a bronze medal in platform diving as a member of the 1920 US Olympic team. The reporter mentioned that the IOC had not been able to find out what had happened to the original Olympic flag. "I can help you with that," Prieste said, "It's in my suitcase." At the end of the Antwerp Olympics, spurred on by teammate Duke Kahanamoku, he climbed a flagpole and stole the Olympic flag. For 77 years the flag was stored away in the bottom of his suitcase. The flag was returned to the IOC by Prieste, by then 103 years old, in a special ceremony held at the 2000 Games in Sydney.[17] The original Antwerp Flag is now on display at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland, with a plaque thanking him for donating it.[18]

text: Oslo flag[edit]

text: The Oslo flag was presented to the IOC by the mayor of Oslo, Norway, during the 1952 Winter Olympics. Since then, it has been passed to the next organizing city for the Winter Olympics. Currently, the actual Oslo flag is kept preserved in a special box, and a replica has been used during recent closing ceremonies instead.[19]

text: Seoul flag[edit]

text: As a successor to the Antwerp Flag,[20] the Seoul flag was presented to the IOC at the 1988 Summer Olympics by the city of Seoul, South Korea, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Summer Olympics. The Seoul flag is currently on display at the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building.

text: Rio de Janeiro flag[edit]

text: As a successor to the Seoul Flag,[21] the Rio flag was presented to the IOC at the 2016 Summer Olympics by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Summer Olympics, Tokyo.

text: Singapore flag[edit]

text: For the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, an Olympic flag was created for the junior version of the Games. The flag is similar to the Olympic flag, but has the host city and year on it and was first presented to Singapore by IOC President Jacques Rogge.[22][23] During the closing ceremony on 26 August 2010, Singapore officials presented it to the next organizing committee, Nanjing 2014.[24]

text: Innsbruck flag[edit]

text: For the inaugural winter Youth Olympic Games, an Olympic flag was presented to the IOC at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics by the city of Innsbruck, Austria, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Winter Youth Olympics.

text: Flame and torch relay[edit]

text: The modern tradition of moving the Olympic Flame via a relay system from Greece to the Olympic venue began with the Berlin Games in 1936. Months before the Games are held, the Olympic Flame is lit on a torch, with the rays of the Sun concentrated by a parabolic reflector, at the site of the Ancient Olympics in Olympia, Greece. The torch is then taken out of Greece, most often to be taken around the country or continent where the Games are held. The Olympic torch is carried by athletes, leaders, celebrities, and ordinary people alike, and at times in unusual conditions, such as being electronically transmitted via satellite for Montreal 1976, submerged underwater without being extinguished for Sydney 2000, or in space and at the North Pole for Sochi 2014. On the final day of the torch relay, the day of the Opening Ceremony, the Flame reaches the main stadium and is used to light a cauldron situated in a prominent part of the venue to signify the beginning of the Games.

text: Medals and diplomas[edit]

text: The Olympic medals awarded to winners are another symbol associated with the Olympic games. The medals are made of gold-plated silver – for the gold medals – silver, or bronze, and are awarded to the top three finishers in a particular event. Each medal for an Olympiad has a common design, decided upon by the organizers for the particular games. From 1928 until 2000, the obverse side of the medals contained an image of Nike, the traditional goddess of victory, holding a palm in her left hand and a winner's crown in her right. This design was created by Giuseppe Cassioli. For each Olympic games, the reverse side as well as the labels for each Olympiad changed, reflecting the host of the games.

text: In 2004, the obverse side of the medals changed to make more explicit reference to the Greek character of the games. In this design, the goddess Nike flies into the Panathenic stadium, reflecting the renewal of the games. The design was by Greek jewelry designer Elena Votsi.[25]

text: Olympic diplomas are given to competitors placing fourth, fifth, and sixth since 1949, and to competitors placing seventh and eighth since 1981.

text: Anthems[edit]

text: The "Olympic Hymn", officially known as the "Olympic Anthem", is played when the Olympic Flag is raised. It was composed by Spyridon Samaras with words from a poem of the Greek poet and writer Kostis Palamas. Both the poet and the composer were the choice of Demetrius Vikelas, a Greek Pro-European and the first President of the IOC. The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the 1896 Athens Olympic Games but wasn't declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1958. In the following years, every hosting nation commissioned the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their own edition of the Games until the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.

text: Other notable Olympic anthems and fanfares include:

text:
"Olympische Hymne": A composition for orchestra and mixed chorus composed by Richard Strauss for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics.
The "Olympic Fanfare" for the 1952 Helsinki Summer Olympics was originally composed by Aarre Merikanto for the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were cancelled. Merikanto's Fanfare won the fanfare contest organized in Finland in 1939, but the score was lost for over a decade; when rediscovered in 1951, it was decided to use it in 1952. It was recorded in 1953.[26]
"Bugler's Dream": Written in 1958 by Leo Arnaud as part of his Charge Suite, the theme is often thought of by Americans as the Olympic Theme" due to its usage in television coverage by ABC and NBC, starting with the 1964 Olympics.
The "Olympic March": The theme written by Yūji Koseki for the Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics theme song.
"Olympic Fanfare 1972": The winning submission for the Munich 1972 Summer Olympics theme song, used as the TV signature tune of the German Olympic Center (Deutsches Olympia-Zentrum, DOZ) and the prelude to the medal ceremonies, composed by Herbert Rehbein.[27] It was performed by the Orchestra of the Bavarian Broadcasting Company (Orchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) and members of the Air Force Band Neubiberg, conducted by Willy Mattes.[citation needed]
"Olympic Fanfare and Theme": Composed by John Williams for the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics, the theme was performed in the opening ceremonies by the United States Army Herald Trumpets conducted by then-Captain David Deitrick.[28] The first recording, performed by an orchestra composed of Los Angeles-area musicians, was released in its entirety on the LP and cassette album The Official Music of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles 1984, with a concurrent Japan-only CD release (which went on to win a Grammy in 1985).[29] A slightly different arrangement of the piece was released on the Philips album By Request: The Best of John Williams and the Boston Pops Orchestra. In 1996, an alternate version of "Olympic Fanfare and Theme" was released on the album Summon the Heroes for the Atlanta Olympic Games, replacing the first part of the piece with Arnaud's Bugler's Dream. The theme was also used in closing ceremony of the 2010 Olympic Games, as the nations' flagbearers entered BC Place Stadium surrounding the Olympic Flame and when the Olympic Flag was brought into the stadium by Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson.
"The Olympic Spirit": The theme written by John Williams for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul and used in the corresponding NBC broadcasts.
"Summon the Heroes": The theme written by John Williams for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
"Theme from The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.": The theme song to this television show, composed by Randy Edelman, has been used by NBC for teaser commercial and promo spots since the 1996 Summer Olympics.[30]
"Call of the Champions": The theme written by John Williams for the 2002 Salt Lake Winter Olympics.

text: Several other composers have contributed Olympic music, including Henry Mancini, Francis Lai, Marvin Hamlisch, Philip Glass, David Foster, Mikis Theodorakis, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Vangelis, Basil Poledouris, Michael Kamen, and Mark Watters.

text: Kotinos[edit]

text: The kotinos (Greek: κότινος),[31] is an olive branch, originally of wild olive-tree, intertwined to form a circle or a horse-shoe, introduced by Heracles.[32] In the ancient Olympic Games there were no gold, silver, or bronze medals. There was only one winner per event, crowned with an olive wreath made of wild olive leaves from a sacred tree near the temple of Zeus at Olympia. Aristophanes in Plutus makes a sensible remark why victorious athletes are crowned with wreath made of wild olive instead of gold.[33] The victorious athletes were honored, feted, and praised. Their deeds were heralded and chronicled so that future generations could appreciate their accomplishments.

text: Herodotus describes the following story which is relevant to the olive wreath. Xerxes was interrogating some Arcadians after the Battle of Thermopylae. He inquired why there were so few Greek men defending the Thermopylae. The answer was "All other men are participating in the Olympic Games". And when asked "What is the prize for the winner?", "An olive-wreath" came the answer. Then Tigranes, one of his generals uttered a most noble saying: "Good heavens! Mardonius, what kind of men are these against whom you have brought us to fight? Men who do not compete for possessions, but for honour."[34]

text: However, in later times, this was not their only reward; the athlete was rewarded with a generous sum of money by his country. The kotinos tradition was renewed specifically for the Athens 2004 Games, although in this case it was bestowed together with the gold medal. Apart from its use in the awards-ceremonies, the kotinos was chosen as the 2004 Summer Olympics emblem.

text: Olympic salute[edit]

text: The Olympic salute is a variant of the Roman salute, with the right arm and hand are stretched and pointing upward, the palm is outward and downward, with the fingers touching. However, unlike the Roman Salute, the arm is raised higher and at an angle to the right from the shoulder.[35][36]The greeting is visible on the official posters of the games at Paris 1924[35] and Berlin 1936.[37]

text: The Olympic salute has fallen out of use since World War II because of its strong resemblance to the Nazi salute.[38] It was used for the last time by the French team in the opening ceremony of the 1948 Winter Olympics. [39]

text: Mascots[edit]

text: Since the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, the Olympic Games have had a mascot, usually an animal native to the area or occasionally human figures representing the cultural heritage. The first major mascot in the Olympic Games was Misha in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Misha was used extensively during the opening and closing ceremonies, had a TV animated cartoon and appeared on several merchandise products. Nowadays, most of the merchandise aimed at young people focuses on the mascots, rather than the Olympic flag or organization logos.

text: Intellectual property[edit]

text: The Olympic movement is very protective of its symbols; as many jurisdictions have given the movement exclusive trademark rights to any interlocking arrangement of five rings, and usage of the word "Olympic". The rings are not eligible for copyright protection, both because of their date of creation and because five circles arranged in a pattern do not reach the threshold of originality required to be copyrighted.

text: The movement has taken action against numerous groups alleged to have violated their trademarks, including the Gay Games; the Minneapolis-based band The Hopefuls, formerly The Olympic Hopefuls; the Redneck Olympics or Redneck Games; Awana Clubs International, a Christian youth ministry who used the term for its competitive games; and Wizards of the Coast, publisher at the time of the IOC's complaint of the card game Legend of the Five Rings.

text: In 1938, the Norwegian brewery Frydenlund patented a label for its root beer which featured the five Olympic rings. In 1952, when Norway was to host the Winter Olympics, the Olympic Committee was notified by Norway's Patent Office that it was Frydenlund who owned the rights to the rings in that country. Today, the succesor company Ringnes AS owns the rights to use the patented five rings on its root beer.[40] In addition, a few oher companies have been successful in using the Olympic name, such as Olympic Paint, which has a paintbrush in the form of a torch as its logo, and the former Greek passenger carrier Olympic Airlines.

text: Certain other sporting organizations and events have been granted permission by the IOC to use the word "Olympics" in their name, such as the Special Olympics, an international sporting event held every four years for people with intellectual disabilities.

text: In recent years, organizing committees have also demanded the passing of laws to combat ambush marketing by non-official sponsors during the Games – such as the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 – putting heavy restrictions on using any term or imagery that could constitute an unauthorized association with the games, including mere mentioning of the host city, the year, and others.[41][42]