document_title: List of tallest buildings and structures

question_text: what is taller cn tower or empire state building

text: Debate over definitions[edit]

text: The assessment of the height of artificial structures has been controversial. Various standards have been used by different organizations which has meant that the title of world's tallest structure or building has changed depending on which standards have been accepted. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat has changed its definitions over time. Some of the controversy regarding the definitions and assessment of tall structures and buildings has included the following:

text:
the definition of a structure, a building and a tower
whether a structure, building or tower under construction should be included in any assessment
whether a structure, building or tower has to be officially opened before it is assessed
whether structures built in and rising above water should have their below-water height included in any assessment.
whether a structure, building or tower that is guyed is assessed in the same category as self-supporting structures.

text: Within an accepted definition of a building further controversy has included the following factors:

text:
whether only habitable height of the building is considered
whether communication towers with observation galleries should be considered "habitable" in this sense
whether rooftop antennas, viewing platforms or any other architecture that does not form a habitable floor should be included in the assessment
whether a floor built at a high level of a telecommunications or viewing tower should change the tower's definition to that of a "building"

text: Tallest structures[edit]

text: This category does not require the structure to be "officially" open but does require it to be "topped out".

text: The tallest artificial structure is Burj Khalifa, a skyscraper in Dubai that reached 829.8 m (2,722 ft) in height on January 17, 2009.[2] By April 7, 2008 it had been built higher than the KVLY-TV mast in North Dakota, USA.[3] That September it officially surpassed Poland's 646.38 m (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw radio mast, which stood from 1974 to 1991, to become the tallest structure ever built. Guyed lattice towers such as these masts had held the world height record since 1954.

text: The Petronius Platform stands 610 m (2,000 ft) off the sea floor leading some, including Guinness World Records 2007, to claim it as the tallest freestanding structure in the world. However, it is debated whether underwater height should be counted, in the same manner as height below ground is ignored on buildings. The Troll A platform is 472 m (1,549 ft), without any part of that height being supported by wires. The tension-leg type of oil platform has even greater below-water heights with several examples more than 1,000 m (3,300 ft) deep. However, these platforms are not considered constant structures as the vast majority of their height is made up of the length of the tendons attaching the floating platforms to the sea floor. Despite this, Guinness World Records 2009 listed the Ursa tension leg platform as the tallest structure in the world with a total height of 1,306 m (4,285 ft). The Magnolia Tension-leg Platform in the Gulf of Mexico is even taller with a total height of 1,432 m (4,698 ft).

text: Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan, set records in three of the four skyscraper categories at the time it opened in 2004; at the time the Burj Khalifa opened in 2010 it remained the world's tallest inhabited building 509.2 m (1,671 ft) as measured to its architectural height (spire). The height of its roof 449.2 m (1,474 ft) and highest occupied floor 439.2 m (1,441 ft) had been surpassed by the Shanghai World Financial Center with corresponding heights of 487 and 474 m (1,598 and 1,555 ft). Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) was the highest in the final category: the greatest height to top of antenna of any building in the world at 527 m (1,729 ft).

text: Burj Khalifa broke the height record in all four categories for completed buildings.

text: Tallest structure by category[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Due to the disagreements over how to measure height and classify structures, engineers have created various definitions for categories of buildings and other structures. One measure includes the absolute height of a building, another includes only spires and other permanent architectural features, but not antennas. The tradition of including the spire on top of a building and not including the antenna dates back to the rivalry between the Chrysler Building and 40 Wall Street. A modern-day example is that the antenna on top of Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) is not considered part of its architectural height, while the spires on top of the Petronas Twin Towers are counted.

text: Note: The following table is a list of the tallest completed structure in each of the 53 categories below. There can only be one structure in each category, unless the title for the tallest is a draw.

text:
Category

Structure

Country

City

Height (meters)

Height (feet)

Year built

Coordinates

Mixed-use
Burj Khalifa
 United Arab Emirates
Dubai
829.8
2,722
2010
25°11′50.0″N 55°16′26.6″E / 25.197222°N 55.274056°E / 25.197222; 55.274056 (Burj Dubai)

Self-supporting tower
Tokyo Skytree
 Japan
Tokyo
634
2,080
2011
35°42′36.5″N 139°48′39″E / 35.710139°N 139.81083°E / 35.710139; 139.81083 (Tokyo Skytree)

Guyed steel lattice mast
KVLY-TV mast
 United States
Blanchard, North Dakota
628.8
2,063
1963
47°20′32″N 97°17′25″W / 47.34222°N 97.29028°W / 47.34222; -97.29028 (KVLY-TV mast)

Office
One World Trade Center
 United States
New York, New York
541
1,776
2013
40°42′46.8″N 74°0′48.6″W / 40.713000°N 74.013500°W / 40.713000; -74.013500 (One World Trade Center)

Military structure
Large masts of INS Kattabomman
 India
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
471
1,545
2014
8°22′42.52″N 77°44′38.45″E / 8.3784778°N 77.7440139°E / 8.3784778; 77.7440139 (INS Kattabomman, Large Mast West) ; 8°22′30.13″N 77°45′21.07″E / 8.3750361°N 77.7558528°E / 8.3750361; 77.7558528 (INS Kattabomman, Large Mast East)

Mast radiator
Lualualei VLF transmitter
 United States
Lualualei, Hawaii
458
1,503
1972
21°25′11.87″N 158°08′53.67″W / 21.4199639°N 158.1482417°W / 21.4199639; -158.1482417 (VLF transmitter Lualualei, Mast 1) ; 21°25′13.38″N 158°09′14.35″W / 21.4203833°N 158.1539861°W / 21.4203833; -158.1539861 (VLF transmitter Lualualei, Mast 2)

Twin towers
Petronas Twin Towers
 Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
452
1,482
1998
3°09′27.45″N 101°42′40.7″E / 3.1576250°N 101.711306°E / 3.1576250; 101.711306 (Petronas Tower 1); 3°09′29.45″N 101°42′43.4″E / 3.1581806°N 101.712056°E / 3.1581806; 101.712056 (Petronas Tower 2)

Residential
432 Park Avenue
 United States
New York, New York
425.5
1,396
2015

Chimney
Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station
 Kazakhstan
Ekibastuz
419.7
1,377
1987
52°1′26.3″N 75°28′34.5″E / 52.023972°N 75.476250°E / 52.023972; 75.476250 (GRES-2 Power Station)

Radar
Dimona Radar Facility
 Israel
Dimona
400
1,312
2008
30°58′6.93″N 35°05′49.64″E / 30.9685917°N 35.0971222°E / 30.9685917; 35.0971222 (Dimona Radar Facility) ; 30°58′32.46″N 35°05′55.25″E / 30.9756833°N 35.0986806°E / 30.9756833; 35.0986806 (Dimona Radar Facility)

Lattice tower
Kiev TV Tower
 Ukraine
Kiev
385
1,263
1973
50°28′16.49″N 30°27′11.97″E / 50.4712472°N 30.4533250°E / 50.4712472; 30.4533250 (Kiev TV Tower)

Electricity pylon
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie
 China
Zhoushan
370
1,214
2009
29°56′2.78″N 122°2′10.12″E / 29.9341056°N 122.0361444°E / 29.9341056; 122.0361444 (Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, 370 metres tower) ; 29°54′41.39″N 122°1′26.38″E / 29.9114972°N 122.0239944°E / 29.9114972; 122.0239944 (Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, 370 metres tower)

Partially guyed tower
Gerbrandy Tower
 Netherlands
IJsselstein
366.8
1,203
1961
52°00′36.24″N 05°03′12.87″E / 52.0100667°N 5.0535750°E / 52.0100667; 5.0535750 (Gerbrandy Tower)

Guyed tubular steel mast
TV Tower Vinnytsia
 Ukraine
Vinnytsia
354
1,161
1961
49°14′30.04″N 28°25′25.25″E / 49.2416778°N 28.4236806°E / 49.2416778; 28.4236806 (TV Tower Vinnytsia)

Bridge pillar
Millau Viaduct
 France
Millau
342
1,122
2004
44°05′09.97″N 03°01′17.94″E / 44.0861028°N 3.0216500°E / 44.0861028; 3.0216500 (Viaduc de Millau)

Scientific research tower
Amazon Tall Tower Observatory
 Brazil
160 km NE of Manaus
325[4]
1,066
2015
02°29′06″S 59°35′33″W / 2.48500°S 59.59250°W / -2.48500; -59.59250 (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory)

Blaw-Knox Tower (diamond cantilever tower)
Lakihegy Tower
 Hungary
Szigetszentmiklós
314
1,031
1968
47°22′23″N 19°00′16″E / 47.37306°N 19.00444°E / 47.37306; 19.00444 (Lakihegy Tower)

Dam
Jinping-I Dam
 China
Liangshan
305
1,001
2013
28°11′07″N 101°37′42″E / 28.18528°N 101.62833°E / 28.18528; 101.62833 (Jinping-I Dam)

Wind turbine
GE 3.4-137 wind turbine at Naturstromspeicher Gaildorf[5]
 Germany
Gaildorf
246.5
809
2017
48°59′49″N 9°48′35″E / 48.997075°N 9.809822°E / 48.997075; 9.809822 (GE 3.4-137 Wind Turbine)

University
Main building of Moscow State University
 Russia
Moscow
240
787.4
1953
55°42′11″N 37°31′49″E / 55.70306°N 37.53028°E / 55.70306; 37.53028 (Moscow State University)

Minaret
Hassan II Mosque
 Morocco
Casablanca
210
689
1993
33°36′28.71″N 7°37′58.16″W / 33.6079750°N 7.6328222°W / 33.6079750; -7.6328222 (Hassan II Mosque)

Cooling tower
Kalisindh Thermal Power Station
 India
Jhalawar
202[6]
663
2012
24°32′04.97″N 76°05′57.89″E / 24.5347139°N 76.0994139°E / 24.5347139; 76.0994139 (Kalisindh Power Station cooling tower) ; 24°31′58.33″N 76°06′06.81″E / 24.5328694°N 76.1018917°E / 24.5328694; 76.1018917 (Kalisindh Power Station cooling tower)

Monument
Gateway Arch
 United States
St. Louis, Missouri
192
630
1965
38°37′28.62″N 90°11′5.87″W / 38.6246167°N 90.1849639°W / 38.6246167; -90.1849639 (Gateway Arch)

Water tower
Main tower of Kuwait Towers
 Kuwait
Kuwait City
187
614
1979
29°23′22.75″N 48°00′11.57″E / 29.3896528°N 48.0032139°E / 29.3896528; 48.0032139 (Kuwait Towers)

Wooden structure
ATLAS-I at Kirtland Air Force Base
 United States
Albuquerque
180
600
1980
35°01′48″N 106°33′27″W / 35.029898°N 106.557574°W / 35.029898; -106.557574 (ATLAS-I)

Masonry tower
Anaconda Smelter Stack
 United States
Anaconda, Montana
178.3
585
1919
46°06′36.53″N 112°54′48.8″W / 46.1101472°N 112.913556°W / 46.1101472; -112.913556 (Anaconda Smelter Stack)

Inclined structure
Olympic Stadium
 Canada
Montreal
175
574
1976
45°33′33.53″N 73°33′7.61″W / 45.5593139°N 73.5521139°W / 45.5593139; -73.5521139 (Montreal Olympic Stadium)

Obelisk
San Jacinto Monument
 United States
La Porte, Texas
173.7
570
1939
29°44′59.46″N 95°04′50.52″W / 29.7498500°N 95.0807000°W / 29.7498500; -95.0807000 (San Jacinto Monument)

Ferris wheel
High Roller
 United States
Las Vegas
167.6
550
2014
36°07′03″N 115°10′05″W / 36.117402°N 115.168127°W / 36.117402; -115.168127 (High Roller)

Masonry building
Mole Antonelliana
 Italy
Torino
167
548
1889
45°04′8.45″N 7°41′35.62″E / 45.0690139°N 7.6932278°E / 45.0690139; 7.6932278 (Mole Antonelliana)

Masonry building
Philadelphia City Hall
 United States
Philadelphia
167
548
1901
39°57′9.79″N 75°09′48.72″W / 39.9527194°N 75.1635333°W / 39.9527194; -75.1635333 (Philadelphia City Hall)

Flagpole
Jeddah Flagpole
 Saudi Arabia
Jeddah
171[7]
561
2014
21°30′28.23″N 39°10′11.04″E / 21.5078417°N 39.1697333°E / 21.5078417; 39.1697333 (Jeddah Flagpole)

Church tower
Ulmer Münster
 Germany
Ulm
162
530
1890
48°23′55″N 9°59′30.78″E / 48.39861°N 9.9918833°E / 48.39861; 9.9918833 (Ulmer Münster)

Industrial hall
Vehicle Assembly Building
 United States
Kennedy Space Center, Florida
160
525
1966
28°35′9.64″N 80°39′2.11″W / 28.5860111°N 80.6505861°W / 28.5860111; -80.6505861 (Vehicle Assembly Building)

Dome
Dome of the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro
 Ivory Coast
Yamoussoukro
158
518
1990
6°48′40″N 5°17′47″W / 6.81111°N 5.29639°W / 6.81111; -5.29639 (Dome of Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro)

Memorial cross
Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos
 Spain
El Escorial
152.4
500
1957
40°38′31.46″N 4°9′19.6″W / 40.6420722°N 4.155444°W / 40.6420722; -4.155444 (Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos)

Telescope
Arecibo Telescope
 Puerto Rico
Arecibo, Puerto Rico
150
492
1963
18°20′39″N 66°45′10″W / 18.34417°N 66.75278°W / 18.34417; -66.75278 (Arecibo Telescope)

Roller coaster
Kingda Ka
 United States
Jackson, New Jersey
138.98
456
2005
40°08′26.54″N 74°25′59.83″W / 40.1407056°N 74.4332861°W / 40.1407056; -74.4332861 (Kingda Ka)

Tomb
Great Pyramid of Giza
 Egypt
Giza
138.8
455.2
2560 BCE
29°58′44.93″N 31°08′3.09″E / 29.9791472°N 31.1341917°E / 29.9791472; 31.1341917 (Great Pyramid of Giza)

Lighthouse
Jeddah Light
 Saudi Arabia
Jeddah
133
436
1990[8]
21°28′07.14″N 39°08′58.98″E / 21.4686500°N 39.1497167°E / 21.4686500; 39.1497167 (Jeddah Light)

Air traffic control tower
Kuala Lumpur International Airport 2 Control Tower
 Malaysia
Sepang
141.3
463.6
2013[9]

2°44′26″N 101°40′45″E / 2.740486°N 101.679069°E / 2.740486; 101.679069 (Kuala Lumpur International Airport 2 Control Tower)

Statue (incl. pedestal)
Spring Temple Buddha
 China
Lushan
128
420
2002
33°46′31″N 112°27′04″E / 33.775150°N 112.451016°E / 33.775150; 112.451016 (Spring Temple Buddha)

Stupa
Jetavanaramaya
 Sri Lanka
Anuradhapura
122
400

Wooden lattice tower
Gliwice Radio Tower
 Poland
Gliwice
118
387
1935
50°18′48.12″N 18°41′20.26″E / 50.3133667°N 18.6889611°E / 50.3133667; 18.6889611 (Gliwice Radio Tower)

Storage silo
Schapfen Mill Tower
 Germany
Ulm
115
377
2005
48°25′57″N 9°58′58″E / 48.43250°N 9.98278°E / 48.43250; 9.98278 (Schapfen Mill Tower)

Aerial tramway support tower
Pillar of third section of Gletscherbahn Kaprun
 Austria
Kaprun
113.6
373
1966
47°11′58.62″N 12°41′16.96″E / 47.1996167°N 12.6880444°E / 47.1996167; 12.6880444 (Glacial Aerial Tramway Kaprun III Support Pillar)

Sphere
Ericsson Globe
 Sweden
Stockholm
85
279
1989
59°17′36.92″N 18°04′58.79″E / 59.2935889°N 18.0829972°E / 59.2935889; 18.0829972 (Ericsson Globe)

Brick lighthouse
Lighthouse of Genoa
 Italy
Genoa
77
253
1543
44°24′16.25″N 8°54′16.67″E / 44.4045139°N 8.9046306°E / 44.4045139; 8.9046306 (Torre della Lanterna)

Gopuram
Murudeshwara Temple
 India
Murudeshwara
76
249
2008
14°05′39″N 74°29′07″E / 14.094197°N 74.485163°E / 14.094197; 74.485163 (Murudeshwara Temple)

Wooden church
Church of the Săpânța-Peri Monastery
 Romania
Săpânța
75
246
2003
47°58′59.5″N 23°42′02.5″E / 47.983194°N 23.700694°E / 47.983194; 23.700694 (Church of the Săpânța-Peri Monastery)

text: Tallest destroyed structures by category, not surpassed by existing structures[edit]

text: There are some destroyed architectural structures which were taller than the tallest existing structure of their type. There are also destroyed structures omitted from this list that had been surpassed in height prior to being destroyed.

text:
Category

Structure

Country

City

Height (metres)

Height (feet)

Coordinates

Remarks

Guyed mast
Warsaw Radio Mast
 Poland
Gąbin
646.38
2,121
52°22′3.74″N 19°48′8.73″E / 52.3677056°N 19.8024250°E / 52.3677056; 19.8024250 (Konstantynow Radio Mast (destroyed))
Completed in 1974, collapsed on August 8, 1991

Scientific research tower
BREN Tower
 United States
Nevada Test Site
462
1,516
36°46′50.23″N 116°14′36.9″W / 36.7806194°N 116.243583°W / 36.7806194; -116.243583 (BREN-Tower)
Completed in 1962, demolished May 23, 2012[10]

Guyed tubular steel mast
Shushi-Wan Omega Transmitter
 Japan
Tsushima
389
1,276
34°36′53″N 129°27′13″E / 34.61472°N 129.45361°E / 34.61472; 129.45361 (Shushi-Wan Omega Transmitter (dismantled))
Completed in 1973, dismantled in 1998

Structure for scientific experiment
Smokey Shot Tower
 United States
Nevada Test Site
213
700
37°11′13.63″N 116°4′7.93″W / 37.1871194°N 116.0688694°W / 37.1871194; -116.0688694 (Smokey Shot Tower(destroyed))
Guyed mast, which carried 44 kt yield nuclear bomb "Smokey" (part of operation Plumbbob) on top until its explosion on August 31, 1957

Wooden structure
Mühlacker Wood Radio Tower
 Germany
Mühlacker
190
623
48°56′27.67″N 8°51′8.24″E / 48.9410194°N 8.8522889°E / 48.9410194; 8.8522889 (Mühlacker Wood Radio Tower (replaced by guyed mast))
Completed in 1934, destroyed on April 6, 1945, by the Germans to prevent usage by the Allies, replaced by mast radiator

Masonry building
Mole Antonelliana
 Italy
Turin
167.5
549.5
45°04′8.45″N 7°41′35.62″E / 45.0690139°N 7.6932278°E / 45.0690139; 7.6932278 (Mole Antonelliana)
Spire destroyed by a tornado in 1953 (rebuilt since then)

Pre-Industrial era building
Lincoln Cathedral
 United Kingdom
Lincoln
160
524
53°14′3.26″N 0°32′10.54″W / 53.2342389°N 0.5362611°W / 53.2342389; -0.5362611 (Lincoln Cathedral)
Completed in 1311, spire blown off in 1549

Gasometer
Gasometer Zeche Nordstern
 Germany
Gelsenkirchen
147
482

Completed in 1938, damaged at an air raid on May 13, 1940 in such a manner, that it was not usable any more and had to be demolished.

Storage silo
Henninger Turm
 Germany
Frankfurt
120
394
50°05′50.18″N 8°41′36.81″E / 50.0972722°N 8.6935583°E / 50.0972722; 8.6935583 (Henninger Turm)
Constructed in 1961, demolished in 2013

text: Tallest building by function[edit]

text:
Category

Structure

Country

City

Architectural top (metres)

Architectural top (feet)

Mixed-use*
Burj Khalifa
 United Arab Emirates
Dubai
830
2,722

Office
One World Trade Center
 United States
New York City
541
1,776

Residential
432 Park Avenue
 United States
New York City
425.5
1,396

Hotel
JW Marriott Marquis Dubai
 United Arab Emirates
Dubai
355
1,166

Educational
Moscow State University
 Russia
Moscow
240
787

Religious
Hassan II Mosque
 Morocco
Casablanca
210
689

Hospital
Outpatient Center, Houston Methodist Hospital
 United States
Houston
156.05
511.8

text: * "Mixed-use" is defined as having three or more real estate uses (such as retail, office, hotel, etc.) that are physically and functionally integrated in a single property and are mutually supporting.[11]

text: Tallest buildings[edit]

text: Up until the late 1990s, the definition of “tallest building” was not altogether clear. It was generally understood to be the height of the building to the top of its architectural elements including spires, but not including "temporary" structures (such as antennas or flagpoles), which could be added or changed relatively easily without requiring major changes to the building's design. Other criteria for height measurement generally were not considered, which occasionally caused some controversy.

text: One historic case involved the building now famous for the Times Square Ball. Known as One Times Square (at 1475 Broadway in Midtown Manhattan), it was the headquarters for  The New York Times,  which gave Times Square its name. Completed in 1905, it reached a height of 364 feet (111 meters) to its roof, or 420 feet (130 meters) including its rooftop flagpole, which the   Times  vainly hoped would give it a record high status. But because a flagpole is not an integral architectural part of a building, One Times Square was not generally considered to be taller than the 390-foot-high (120 m) Park Row Building in Lower Manhattan, which was therefore still New York's tallest.[12]

text: A bigger controversy was the rivalry between two New York skyscrapers built in the Roaring Twenties — the Chrysler Building and the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, now called the Trump Building but better known as 40 Wall Street (thus avoiding confusion with the many other Trump-named buildings). The latter was 927 feet (283 meters) tall, had a shorter pinnacle, and had a much higher top occupied floor (the second category in the 1996 criteria for tallest building). In contrast, the Chrysler Building employed a very long 125-foot (38 m) spire secretly assembled inside the building to claim the title of world's tallest building with a total height of 1,048 feet (319 m), despite having a lower top occupied floor and a shorter height when both buildings' spires are not counted in their heights. Although the architects of record for 40 Wall were H. Craig Severance and Yasuo Matsui, the firm of Shreve & Lamb (who also designed the Empire State Building) served as consulting architects. They wrote a newspaper article claiming that 40 Wall was actually the tallest, since it contained the world's highest usable floor. They pointed out that the observation deck of 40 Wall was nearly 100 feet (30 m) higher than the top floor of the Chrysler, whose surpassing spire was strictly ornamental and essentially inaccessible.[13] Despite the protest, the Chrysler Building was generally accepted as the tallest building in the world for almost a year, until it was surpassed by the Empire State Building’s 1,250 feet (380 meters) in 1931.

text: That was in turn surpassed by the 1,368-foot-high (417 m) twin towers of New York’s original World Trade Center in 1972, which were in turn surpassed by the Sears Tower in Chicago in 1974. Now called the Willis Tower (since 2009) it was 1,451 feet (442 meters) to its flat rooftop, or 1,518 feet (463 meters) including its original antennas.[14] But in 1978 One World Trade Center (commonly known as the north tower) attained a taller absolute height when it added its 360-foot (110 m) new broadcasting antenna, for a total height of 1,728 feet (527 meters). The WTC north tower maintained this height record (including its antenna) from 1978 until 2000, when the owners of the Willis Tower extended its broadcasting antennae for a total height of 1,729 feet (527 meters).[14] Thus the status of the Willis Tower as the “totally” tallest was restored in the face of a new threat looming in the Far East — the “Siamese Twins.”

text: A major controversy erupted upon completion of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. These twin towers, at 1,483 feet (452 meters), had a higher architectural height (spires, not antennas), but a lower absolute pinnacle height and a lower top occupied floor than the Willis Tower in Chicago. Counting buildings as structures with floors throughout, and with antenna masts excluded, the Willis was still considered the tallest at that time. Excluding their spires, which are 9 meters (30 feet) higher than the flat roof of Willis, the Petronas Towers are not taller than Willis. At their convention in Chicago, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) found the Willis Tower (without its antennas) to be the third-tallest building, and the Petronas Towers (with their spires) to be the world's two tallest buildings.[12]

text: Responding to the ensuing controversy, the CTBUH then revised their criteria and defined four categories in which the world's tallest building can be measured,[15] retaining the old criterion of height to architectural top, and adding three new categories:[12]

text:
Height to Architectural Top (including spires and pinnacles, but not antennas, masts or flagpoles). This measurement is the most widely used and is used to define the rankings of the 100 Tallest Buildings in the World.
Highest Occupied Floor
Height to Top of Roof (omitted from criteria from November 2009 onwards)[16]
Height to Tip

tag: ol

text: The height-to-roof criterion was discontinued because relatively few modern tall buildings possess flat rooftops, making this criterion difficult to determine and measure.[17] The CTBUH has further clarified their definitions of building height, including specific criteria concerning subbasements and ground level entrances (height measured from lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance rather than from a previously undefined "main entrance"), building completion (must be topped out both structurally and architecturally, fully clad, and able to be occupied), condition of the highest occupied floor (must be continuously used by people living or working and be conditioned, thus including observation decks, but not mechanical floors) and other aspects of tall buildings.[17][18]

text: The height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance. At the time, the Willis Tower held first place in the second and third categories, the Petronas Towers held the first category, and the original WTC north tower held the fourth (height to tip) category with its antenna.[12] In 2000, however, a new antenna mast was placed on the Willis Tower, giving it the record in the fourth category. On April 20, 2004, the 101-storey Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan, was completed, taking the world record for the first three categories. On July 21, 2007, it was announced that Burj Khalifa in Dubai, UAE, had surpassed Taipei 101. Since its completion in early 2010, Burj Khalifa leads in all categories (the first building to do so) with its spire height of 2,722 feet (830 meters).

text: Before Burj Khalifa was completed, Willis Tower led in the height-to-tip category with 1,729 feet (527 meters) after its antenna was extended in 2000, making Willis Tower slightly taller height-to-tip than the WTC north tower's antenna that measured 1,728 feet (527 meters).  After the September 11, 2001, attacks, the WTC became the world's tallest two buildings to be destroyed or demolished. They took that distinction from the Singer Building, which stood 612 feet (187 meters) tall until the late 1960s where One Liberty Plaza now stands right across Church Street from the WTC site.

text: A different superlative for skyscrapers is their number of floors. The original World Trade Center set that record at 110 in the early 1970s, and this was not surpassed until the Burj Khalifa opened in 2010.

text: Structures such as the CN Tower, the Ostankino Tower and the Oriental Pearl Tower are excluded from these categories because they are not "habitable buildings", which are defined as frame structures made with floors and walls throughout.[1]

text: History of record holders in each CTBUH category[edit]

text:
Date (event)
Architectural top
Highest occupied floor
Roof
Tip

2010: Burj Khalifa completed
Burj Khalifa
Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa

2009: CTBUH omits Height to Roof category
Taipei 101
Shanghai World Financial Center

Willis Tower

2008: Shanghai World Financial Center completed
Taipei 101
Shanghai I World Financial Center
Shanghai World Financial Center
Willis Tower

2003: Taipei 101 completed
Taipei 101
Taipei 101
Taipei 101
Willis Tower

2000: Willis Tower antenna extension
Petronas Towers
Willis Tower
Willis Tower
Willis Tower

1998: Petronas Towers completed
Petronas Towers
Willis Tower
Willis Tower
World Trade Center

1996: CTBUH defines categories
Willis Tower
Willis Tower
Willis Tower
World Trade Center

text: Tallest freestanding structures on land[edit]

text:
Freestanding structures must not be supported by guy wires, the sea or other types of support. It therefore does not include guyed masts, partially guyed towers and drilling platforms but does include towers, skyscrapers (pinnacle height) and chimneys.
(See also history of tallest skyscrapers.)

text: The world's tallest freestanding structure on land is defined as the tallest self-supporting artificial structure that stands above ground. This definition is different from that of world's tallest building or world's tallest structure based on the percentage of the structure that is occupied and whether or not it is self-supporting or supported by exterior cables. Likewise, this definition does not count structures that are built underground or on the seabed, such as the Petronius Platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Visit world's tallest structure by category for a list of various other definitions.

text: The tallest freestanding structure on land is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The building surpassed the height of the previous record holder, the 553.3 m (1,815 ft) CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, on September 12, 2007. It was completed in 2010, with final height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft).

text: History[edit]

text: The following is a list of structures that have held the title as the tallest freestanding structure on land.

text:
Tallest historical structures

Record from

Record held (years)

Name and location

Constructed

Height (metres)

Height (feet)

Coordinates

Notes

c. 8000 BC

5350

Tower of Jericho, West Bank

c. 8000 BC

8.5

28

31°52′19″N 35°26′38″E / 31.872041°N 35.443981°E / 31.872041; 35.443981

c. 2650 BC

40

Pyramid of Djoser, Egypt

c. 2650 BC

62

203

29°52′16.53″N 31°12′59.59″E / 29.8712583°N 31.2165528°E / 29.8712583; 31.2165528 (Pyramid of Djoser)

c. 2610 BC

5

Meidum Pyramid in Egypt

c. 2610 BC

93.5

307

29°23′17″N 31°09′25″E / 29.38806°N 31.15694°E / 29.38806; 31.15694 (Meidum Pyramid)

Shortly after completion Meidum Pyramid collapsed due to bad design/instability and is now 65 m (213 ft).

c. 2605 BC

5

Bent Pyramid in Egypt

c. 2605 BC

101.1

332

29°47′25″N 31°12′33″E / 29.79028°N 31.20917°E / 29.79028; 31.20917 (Bent Pyramid)

Angle of slope decreased during construction to avoid collapse.

c. 2600 BC

40

Red Pyramid of Sneferu, Egypt

c. 2600 BC

105

345

29°48′31.39″N 31°12′22.49″E / 29.8087194°N 31.2062472°E / 29.8087194; 31.2062472 (Red Pyramid)

c. 2560 BC

3871

Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt

c. 2560 BC

146

481

29°58′44.93″N 31°08′3.09″E / 29.9791472°N 31.1341917°E / 29.9791472; 31.1341917 (Great Pyramid of Giza)

By 1647, the Great Pyramid had eroded to a height of approximately 139 m (456 ft).

 1311

238

Lincoln Cathedral in England

1092–1311

160

525

53°14′3.26″N 0°32′10.54″W / 53.2342389°N 0.5362611°W / 53.2342389; -0.5362611 (Lincoln Cathedral)

The central spire was destroyed in a storm in 1549. While the reputed height of 525 ft (160 m) is accepted by most sources,[19][20][21][22][23][24] others consider it doubtful[25]

1549

20

St. Mary's Church in Stralsund, Germany

1384–1478

151

495

54°18′36.01″N 13°5′14.81″E / 54.3100028°N 13.0874472°E / 54.3100028; 13.0874472 (St. Mary's church, Stralsund)

1569

4

Beauvais Cathedral in France

1225 - 1604

153

502

49°25′49″N 2°05′43″E / 49.43028°N 2.09528°E / 49.43028; 2.09528 (Beauvais Cathedral)

Spire collapsed in 1573 (the cross was removed in 1572); today, the church stands at a height of 67.2 m (220.5 ft).

1573

94 (20+74)

St. Mary's Church in Stralsund, Germany

1384–1478

151

495

54°18′36.01″N 13°5′14.81″E / 54.3100028°N 13.0874472°E / 54.3100028; 13.0874472 (St. Mary's church, Stralsund)

The spire burnt down after a lightning strike in 1647. The current spire's height is 104 m (341 ft).

1647

227

Strasbourg Cathedral in France

1439

142

469

48°34′54.22″N 7°45′1.48″E / 48.5817278°N 7.7504111°E / 48.5817278; 7.7504111 (Strasbourg Cathedral)

By 1647, the Great Pyramid had eroded to a height of approximately  139 m (456 ft) hence Strasbourg Cathedral was higher.

1874

2

St. Nikolai in Hamburg, Germany

1846–1874

147

483

53°32′50.94″N 9°59′26.12″E / 53.5474833°N 9.9905889°E / 53.5474833; 9.9905889 (St. Nikolai, Hamburg)

1876

4

Cathédrale Notre Dame in Rouen, France

1202–1876

151

495

49°26′24.54″N 1°5′41.85″E / 49.4401500°N 1.0949583°E / 49.4401500; 1.0949583 (Rouen Cathedral)

1880

4

Cologne Cathedral in Germany

1248–1880

157

515

50°56′28.08″N 6°57′25.73″E / 50.9411333°N 6.9571472°E / 50.9411333; 6.9571472 (Cologne Cathedral, Tower South) ;50°56′29.11″N 6°57′25.85″E / 50.9414194°N 6.9571806°E / 50.9414194; 6.9571806 (Cologne Cathedral, Tower North)

1884

5

Washington Monument in Washington D.C., United States

1884

169

555

38°53′22.08″N 77°2′6.89″W / 38.8894667°N 77.0352472°W / 38.8894667; -77.0352472 (Washington Monument)

The world's tallest all-stone structure, as well as the tallest obelisk-form structure.

1889

41

Eiffel Tower in Paris, France

1887-1889

300

986

48°51′29.77″N 2°17′40.09″E / 48.8582694°N 2.2944694°E / 48.8582694; 2.2944694 (Eiffel Tower)

First structure to exceed 300 metres in height. The addition of a telecommunications tower in the 1950s brought the overall height to 324 m (1,063 ft).

1930

1

Chrysler Building in New York, United States

1928–1930

319

1,046

40°45′5.78″N 73°58′31.52″W / 40.7516056°N 73.9754222°W / 40.7516056; -73.9754222 (Chrysler Building)

1931

36

Empire State Building in New York, United States

1930–1931

381

1,250

40°44′54.95″N 73°59′8.71″W / 40.7485972°N 73.9857528°W / 40.7485972; -73.9857528 (Empire State Building)

First building with 100+ stories. The addition of a pinnacle and antennas later increased its overall height to 448.7 m (1,472 ft). This was subsequently lowered to 443.1 m (1,454 ft).

1967

8

Ostankino Tower in Moscow, Soviet Union

1963–1967

540

1,762

55°49′10.94″N 37°36′41.79″E / 55.8197056°N 37.6116083°E / 55.8197056; 37.6116083 (Ostankino Tower)

Remains the tallest in Europe. Fire in 2000 led to extensive renovation.

1975

32

CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

1973–1976

553

1,815

43°38′33.22″N 79°23′13.41″W / 43.6425611°N 79.3870583°W / 43.6425611; -79.3870583 (CN Tower)

Remains the tallest in the Western Hemisphere

2007

present

Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

2004–2009

829.8

2,722

25°11′50.0″N 55°16′26.6″E / 25.197222°N 55.274056°E / 25.197222; 55.274056 (Burj Dubai)

Holder of world's tallest freestanding structure. Topped out at 829.8 m (2,722 ft) in 2009.

text: Notable mentions include the Pharos (lighthouse) of Alexandria, built in the third century BC and estimated between 115–135 m (377–443 ft). It was the world's tallest non-pyramidal structure for many centuries. Another notable mention includes the Jetavanaramaya stupa in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, which was built in the third century, and was similarly tall at 122 m (400 ft). These were both the world's tallest or second-tallest non-pyramidal structure for over a thousand years.

text: The tallest secular building between the collapse of the Pharos and the erection of the Washington Monument may have been the Torre del Mangia in Siena, which is 102 m (335 ft) tall, and was constructed in the first half of the fourteenth century, and the 97-metre-tall (318 ft) Torre degli Asinelli in Bologna, also Italy, built between 1109 and 1119.

text: World's highest observation deck[edit]

text: Timeline of development of world's highest observation deck since inauguration of Eiffel Tower.

text:
Record from

Record held (years)

Name and location

Constructed

Height above ground

Notes

m

ft

1889

42

Eiffel Tower, Paris

1889

275

902

Two lower observation decks at 57 and 115 m (187 and 377 ft).

1931

42

Empire State Building, New York City

1931

369[26]

1,250

On the 102nd floor - a second observation deck is located on the 86th floor at 320 m (1,050 ft).

1973

1

World Trade Center, New York City

1973

399.4

1,310

Indoor observatory on the 107th floor of South Tower opened on April 4, 1973. Destroyed on September 11, 2001

1974

1

Willis Tower, Chicago

1974

412.4

1,353

103rd floor Skydeck opened on June 22, 1974

1975

1

World Trade Center, New York City

1973

419.7

1,377

Outdoor observatory on the South Tower rooftop opened on December 15, 1975. Destroyed on September 11, 2001

1976

32

CN Tower, Toronto

1976

446.5

1,464.9

Two further observation decks at 342 and 346 m (1,122 and 1,135 ft).

2008

3

Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai

2008

474

1,555

Two further observation decks at 423 and 439 m (1,388 and 1,440 ft).

2011

3

Canton Tower, Guangzhou

2011

488

1,601

The rooftop outdoor observation deck opened in December 2011. There are also several other indoor observation decks in the tower, the highest at 433.2 m (1,421 ft).

2014

2

Burj Khalifa, Dubai

2010

555

1,821

Opened on October 15, 2014 on the 148th floor.  There is another observation deck at 452.1 m (1,483 ft) on the 124th floor, which has been open since the building was opened to the public.

2016

present

Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, China

2015

561

1,841

Opened on July 1, 2016.

text: Higher observation decks have existed on mountain tops or cliffs, rather than on tall structures. The Grand Canyon Skywalk, constructed in 2007, protrudes 21 m (70 ft) over the west rim of the Grand Canyon and is approximately 1,100 m (3,600 ft) above the Colorado River, making it the highest of these types of structures.[citation needed]

text: Timeline of guyed structures on land[edit]

text: As most of the tallest structures are guyed masts, here is a timeline of world's tallest guyed masts, since the beginning of radio technology.

text: As many large guyed masts were destroyed at the end of World War II, the dates for the years between 1945 and 1950 may be incorrect. If Wusung Radio Tower survived World War II, it was the tallest guyed structure shortly after World War II.

text:
Record from

Record held (years)

Name and location

Constructed

Height

Coordinates

Notes

m

ft

1913

7

Central mast of Eilvese transmitter, Eilvese, Germany

1913

250

820

52°31′40″N 9°24′24″E / 52.52778°N 9.40667°E / 52.52778; 9.40667 (Eilvese transmitter (demolished))

Mast was divided in 145 m by an insulator, demolished in 1931

1920

3

Central masts of Nauen Transmitter Station, Nauen, Germany

1920

260

853

52°38′56″N 12°54′30″E / 52.64889°N 12.90833°E / 52.64889; 12.90833 (Nauen transmitter)

2 masts, demolished in 1946

1923

10

Masts of Ruiselede transmitter, Ruiselede, Belgium

1923

287

942

51°4′44″N 3°20′6.9″E / 51.07889°N 3.335250°E / 51.07889; 3.335250 (Zendmast Ruiselede (destroyed) (location unclear))?

8 masts, destroyed in 1940

1933

6

Lakihegy Tower, Lakihegy, Hungary

1933

314

1,031

47°22′23.45″N 19°0′17.21″E / 47.3731806°N 19.0047806°E / 47.3731806; 19.0047806 (Lakihegy Radio Tower)

Blaw-Knox Tower, insulated against ground, destroyed in 1945; rebuilt

1939

7

Deutschlandsender Herzberg/Elster, Herzberg (Elster), Germany

1939

335

1,099

51°42′59.76″N 13°15′51.5″E / 51.7166000°N 13.264306°E / 51.7166000; 13.264306 (Deutschlandsender III (dismantled))

Insulated against ground, dismantled 1946/1947

1946

2

Lakihegy Tower, Lakihegy, Hungary

1946

314

1,031

47°22′23.45″N 19°0′17.21″E / 47.3731806°N 19.0047806°E / 47.3731806; 19.0047806 (Lakihegy Radio Tower)

Blaw-Knox Tower, Insulated against ground, rebuilt after destruction in 1945

1948

1

WIVB-TV Tower, Colden, New York, USA

1948

321.9

1,056

42°39′33.19″N 78°37′33.91″W / 42.6592194°N 78.6260861°W / 42.6592194; -78.6260861 (WIVB-TV Tower)

1949

1

Longwave transmitter Raszyn, Raszyn, Poland

1949

335

1,099

52°4′21.72″N 20°53′2.15″E / 52.0727000°N 20.8839306°E / 52.0727000; 20.8839306 (Raszyn Radio Mast)

Insulated against ground

1950

4

Forestport Tower, Forestport, New York, USA

1950

371.25

1,218

43°26′41.9″N 75°5′9.55″W / 43.444972°N 75.0859861°W / 43.444972; -75.0859861 (Forestport Tower (demolished))

Insulated against ground, demolished

1954

2

Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (AKA KWTV Transmission Tower), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

1954

480.5

1,576

35°32′58.59″N 97°29′50.27″W / 35.5496083°N 97.4972972°W / 35.5496083; -97.4972972 (Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma)

1956

3

KOBR-TV Tower, Caprock, New Mexico, USA

1956

490.7

1,610

33°22′31.31″N 103°46′14.3″W / 33.3753639°N 103.770639°W / 33.3753639; -103.770639 (KOBR-TV Tower)

Collapsed in 1960; rebuilt

1959

1

WGME TV Tower, Raymond, Maine, USA

1959

495

1,624

43°55′28.43″N 70°29′26.72″W / 43.9245639°N 70.4907556°W / 43.9245639; -70.4907556 (WGME TV Tower)

1960

2

KFVS TV Mast, Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, USA

1960

511.1

1,677

37°25′44.5″N 89°30′13.84″W / 37.429028°N 89.5038444°W / 37.429028; -89.5038444 (KFVS TV Mast)

1962

1

WTVM/WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower, Cusseta, Georgia, USA

1962

533

1,749

32°19′25.09″N 84°46′45.07″W / 32.3236361°N 84.7791861°W / 32.3236361; -84.7791861 (WTVM/WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower)

1963

0

WIMZ-FM-Tower, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

1963

534.01

1,752

36°08′05.49″N 83°43′28.01″W / 36.1348583°N 83.7244472°W / 36.1348583; -83.7244472 (WIMZ-FM-Tower)

1963

11

KVLY-TV mast, Blanchard, North Dakota, USA

1963

628.8

2,063

47°20′31.85″N 97°17′21.13″W / 47.3421806°N 97.2892028°W / 47.3421806; -97.2892028 (KVLY-TV mast)

1974

17

Warsaw Radio Mast, Gąbin, Poland

1974

646.4

2,121

52°22′3.74″N 19°48′8.73″E / 52.3677056°N 19.8024250°E / 52.3677056; 19.8024250 (Konstantynow Radio Mast (destroyed))

Mast radiator insulated against ground, collapsed in 1991

1991

present

KVLY-TV mast, Blanchard, North Dakota, USA

1963

628.8

2,063

47°20′31.85″N 97°17′21.13″W / 47.3421806°N 97.2892028°W / 47.3421806; -97.2892028 (KVLY-TV mast)

text: Tallest towers[edit]

text: Towers include observation towers, monuments and other structures not generally considered to be "habitable buildings", they are meant for "regular access by humans, but not for living in or office work, and are self-supporting or freestanding, which means no guy-wires for support", meaning it excludes from this list of continuously habitable buildings and skyscrapers as well as radio and TV masts.

text: Bridge towers or pylons, chimneys, transmission towers, and most large statues allow human access for maintenance, but not as part of their normal operation, and are therefore not considered to be towers.

text: The Tokyo Skytree, completed in February 2012, is 634 m (2,080 ft), making it the tallest tower, and second-tallest freestanding structure in the world.[27][28][29]

text: History of tallest tower[edit]

text: The following is a list of structures that have historically held the title as the tallest towers in the world.

text:
Tallest historical towers

From

To

Tower

Town

Pinnacle height

280 BC
1180 AD
Pharos Lighthouse
Alexandria, Egypt
122 m

1180
1240
Malmesbury Abbey Tower
Malmesbury, UK
131.3 m

1240
1311
Tower of Old St Paul's Cathedral
London, UK
150 m

1311
1549
Tower of Lincoln Cathedral
Lincoln, UK
159.7 m

1549
1647
Tower of St Mary's church
Stralsund, Germany
151 m

1647
1874
Tower of Strasbourg Cathedral
Strasbourg, France
142 m

1874
1876
Tower of St. Nikolai
Hamburg, Germany
147 m

1876
1880
Tower of Rouen Cathedral
Rouen, France
151 m

1880
1889
Tower of Cologne Cathedral
Cologne, Germany
157.38 m

1889
1958
Eiffel Tower
Paris, France
312.3 m

1958
1967
Tokyo Tower
Tokyo, Japan
332.6 m

1967
1975
Ostankino Tower
Moscow, Russia
540.1 m

1975
2010
CN Tower
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
553.33 m

2010
2011
Canton Tower
Guangzhou, China
600 m

2011
present
Tokyo Skytree
Tokyo, Japan
634 m

text: Tallest structures, freestanding structures, and buildings[edit]

text: The list categories are:

text:
The structures (supported) list uses pinnacle height and includes architectural structures of any type that might use some external support constructions like cables and are fully built in air. Only the three tallest are listed, as more than fifty US TV masts have stated heights of 600–610 metres (1,970–2,000 ft).
The structures (media supported) list uses pinnacle height and includes architectural structures of any type that are not totally built in the air but are using support from other, denser media like salt water. All structures greater than 500 metres (1,640 ft) are listed.
The freestanding structures list uses pinnacle height and includes structures over 500 metres (1,640 ft) that do not use guy-wires or other external supports. This means truly free standing on its own or, in similar sense, non-supported structures.
The building list uses architectural height (excluding antennas) and includes only buildings, defined as consisting of habitable floors. Both of these follow CTBUH guidelines. All supertall buildings (450 m and higher) are listed.

text: Notes:

text:
Eight buildings appear on the freestanding structures category list with heights different from another category. This is due to the different measurement specifications of those lists.
Only current heights and, where reasonable, target heights are listed. Historical heights of structures that no longer exist, for example, for having collapsed, are excluded.

text:
Rank

Name and location

Yearcompleted

Architectural top[30](metres)

Architectural top(feet)

Floors

Structures (supported) Main article: List of tallest structures

1

KVLY-TV mast, Blanchard, North Dakota, United States

1963

629

2,064

–

2

KXJB-TV mast, Galesburg, North Dakota, United States

1998

628

2,060

–

3

KXTV/KOVR Tower, Walnut Grove, California, United States

2000

625

2,051

–

Structures (media supported)

1

Petronius Platform, Gulf of Mexico

2000

610

2,000

–

2

Baldpate Platform, Gulf of Mexico

1998

580

1,900

–

3

Bullwinkle Platform, Gulf of Mexico

1989

529

1,736

–

Freestanding structures Main article: List of tallest freestanding structures

1

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

2009

829.8

2,722

163

2

Tokyo Skytree, Tokyo, Japan

2012

634

2,080

–

3

Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, China

2015

632

2,073

128

4

Abraj Al Bait, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

2011

601

1,972

120

5

Ping An Finance Centre, Shenzhen, China

2016

599

1,965

115

6

Goldin Finance 117, Tianjin, China

2016

597

1,959

117

7

Canton Tower, Guangzhou, China

2010

600

1,969

–

8

Lotte World Tower, Seoul, South Korea

2016

555

1,821

123

9

CN Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

1976

553

1,814

–

10

One World Trade Center, New York City, USA

2013

541.3

1,776

104

11

Ostankino Tower, Moscow, Russia

1967

540

1,770

–

12

Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, Guangzhou, China

2016

530

1,739

111

13

Willis Tower, Chicago, United States

1974

527

1,729

108

14

Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan

2004

509

1,670

101

Buildings Main article: List of tallest buildings in the world

1

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

2010

828

2,717

163

2

Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, China

2015

632

2,073

128

3

Abraj Al Bait, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

2011

601

1,972

120

4

Ping An Finance Centre, Shenzhen, China

2016

599

1,965

115

5

Lotte World Tower, Seoul, South Korea

2016

555

1,821

123

6

One World Trade Center, New York City, USA

2013

541.3

1,776

104

7

Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, Guangzhou, China

2016

530

1,739

111

8

Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan

2004

509

1,670

101

9

Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai, China

2008

492

1,614

101

10

International Commerce Centre, Hong Kong

2010

484

1,588

118

11

Changsha IFS Tower T1, Changsha, China

2017

452.1

1,483

88

12

Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

1998

451.9

1,483

88

13

Zifeng Tower, Nanjing, China

2009

450

1,480

89

13

Suzhou IFS, Suzhou, China

2017

450

1,476

92

text: Source: Emporis


document_title: V for Vendetta (film)

question_text: who plays v in the movie v for vendetta

question_tokens: who plays v in the movie v for vendetta

root

text: V for Vendetta (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 2027, the world is in turmoil and warfare, with the United States fractured as a result of prolonged second civil war and a pandemic of the "St. Mary's Virus" ravaging Europe. The United Kingdom is ruled as a Nordic supremacist[6][7][8] and neo-fascist[9] police state by the Norsefire Party, helmed by all-powerful High Chancellor Adam Sutler. Political opponents, immigrants, Jews, Muslims, atheists, homosexuals, and other "undesirables" are imprisoned and executed in concentration camps. The Irish are not exterminated, but are considered inferior compared to people of Nordic and British descent.[6]

tag: p

text: On November 4, a vigilante in a Guy Fawkes mask identifying himself as "V" rescues Evey Hammond, an employee of the state-run British Television Network, from members of the "Fingermen" secret police while she is out past curfew. From a rooftop, they watch his demolition of London's main criminal court, the Old Bailey, accompanied by fireworks and the "1812 Overture". Inspector Finch of Scotland Yard is asked to investigate V's activities while BTN declares the incident an "emergency demolition". V interrupts the broadcast to claim responsibility, encouraging the people of Britain to rise up against their government and meet him on next year's Guy Fawkes Night outside the Houses of Parliament. During the broadcast, the police attempt to capture V. Evey helps him escape, but is knocked unconscious.

text: V takes Evey to his home, where she is told she must remain for one year. V then kills Lewis Prothero, Norsefire's chief propagandist, and Anthony Lilliman, the Bishop of London. Evey offers to help, and uses the opportunity to escape to the home of her boss, comedian and talk show host Gordon Deitrich. In return for Evey trusting him with her safety, Gordon reveals prohibited materials, including subversive paintings, an antique Quran, and homoerotic photographs. Meanwhile, V confronts Dr. Delia Surridge, who had experimented on him and many other "undesirables" 20 years ago at Larkhill concentration camp; seeing her remorse for her past actions, he kills her painlessly.

text: After Gordon performs a satire of the government on his show, his home is raided and Evey is captured. She is imprisoned and tortured for information about V, with her only solace being a note written by actress Valerie Page, a former prisoner who was tortured and killed for her lesbianism. Evey is told she will be executed unless she reveals V's location. When she says she would rather die, she is inexplicably released, and then finds herself in V's home. It turns out that V was the one who had "captured" her at Gordon's home, and staged her imprisonment and torture to free her from her fears. The note was real, passed from Valerie to V when he was imprisoned. He also informs her that Deitrich had been executed when the Quran was found in his home. While Evey initially hates V for what he did to her, she realises she has become a stronger person. She leaves him, promising to return before November 5.

text: Reading the deceased Surridge's journal, Finch learns V is the result of human experimentation and has been targeting the people who detained him. Despite being stonewalled by the government, Finch searches for the true identity of V, tracing him to a bioweapons program in Larkhill. Finch meets William Rookwood, who tells him that the program, which was directed by Sutler (who was then Undersecretary of Defence), resulted in the creation of the deadly St. Mary's Virus. He further reveals that Creedy, a leader of the Norsefire Party, released the virus onto English soil, killing 100,000 British residents and framing the outbreak as an attack by a terrorist organisation. The Party, which promised security in times of social instability, used the ensuing wave of fear to elevate Sutler to the newly created office of High Chancellor and win an overwhelming majority in Parliament, becoming the elected government. Finch later discovers that Rookwood was V in disguise, and though he initially disbelieves the story, his faith in the Norsefire government is severely shaken.

text: As November 5 nears, V distributes thousands of Guy Fawkes masks, and the population questions party rule as the nation slowly descends into anarchy, ignited when one of the Fingermen makes the mistake of shooting and killing a young girl committing vandalism, only to be killed in turn by a mob of enraged citizens. On the eve of November 5, Evey visits V, who shows her an explosive-laden train in the abandoned London Underground, set to destroy Parliament. He leaves it to Evey to decide whether to use it. V meets Party Leader Creedy, with whom he has made a deal to surrender in exchange for Sutler's execution. After Creedy executes Sutler, V reneges on his deal and kills Creedy and his men. Mortally wounded, he returns to Evey and tells her he loves her before dying.

text: As Evey places V's body aboard the train, she is found by Finch. Disillusioned by the Party's regime, Finch allows Evey to send the train off. On the surface, thousands of unarmed Londoners wearing Guy Fawkes masks march towards Parliament. Since Creedy and Sutler are both dead, the military receives no orders, and allows the crowd to pass. As Parliament is destroyed, Finch asks Evey for V's identity, to which she replies, "He was all of us."

text: Cast[edit]

text: Hugo Weaving as V:

tag: ul

text: Natalie Portman as Evey Hammond:

text: Stephen Rea as Eric Finch:

text: John Hurt as High Chancellor Adam Sutler:

text:
Stephen Fry as Gordon Deitrich, a closeted homosexual and talk/comedy show host. When asked in an interview what he liked about the role, Fry replied "Being beaten up! I hadn't been beaten up in a movie before and I was very excited by the idea of being clubbed to death."[17]
Tim Pigott-Smith as Peter Creedy, Norsefire's Party leader and the head of Britain's secret police (the "Finger").[11]
Rupert Graves as Dominic Stone, Inspector Finch's lieutenant.
Roger Allam as Lewis Prothero, the "Voice of London", a propagandist for Norsefire, and formerly the Commander of Larkhill concentration camp.
John Standing as Anthony James Lilliman, a corrupt bishop at Westminster Abbey.
Eddie Marsan as Brian Etheridge, the head of the government's audio-surveillance division (the "Ear").
Ben Miles as Roger Dascombe, the head of the government's propaganda division (the "Mouth") and chief executive of the British Television Network.
Guy Henry as Conrad Heyer, the head of the government's visual-surveillance department (the "Eye").
Sinéad Cusack as Dr. Delia Surridge, the former head physician at the Larkhill Detention Centre, now a coroner.
Natasha Wightman as Valerie Page, a lesbian imprisoned for her sexuality. Imogen Poots portrays Valerie as a child.

text: Sources[edit]

text: V for Vendetta sets the Gunpowder Plot as V's historical inspiration, contributing to his choice of timing, language, and appearance.[11] For example, the names Rookwood, Percy and Keyes are used in the film, which are also the names of three of the Gunpowder conspirators.[citation needed] The film creates parallels to Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo, by drawing direct comparisons between V and Edmond Dantès. (In both stories, the hero escapes an unjust and traumatic imprisonment and spends decades preparing to take vengeance on his oppressors under a new persona.)[18][19][20] The film is also explicit in portraying V as the embodiment of an idea rather than an individual through V's dialogue and by depicting him without a past, identity or face. According to the official website, "V's use of the Guy Fawkes mask and persona functions as both practical and symbolic elements of the story. He wears the mask to hide his physical scars, and in obscuring his identity – he becomes the idea itself."[11]

text: As noted by several critics and commentators, the film's story and style mirror elements from Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera.[21][22] V and the Phantom both wear masks to hide their disfigurements, control others through the leverage of their imaginations, have tragic pasts, and are motivated by revenge. V and Evey's relationship also parallels many of the romantic elements of The Phantom of the Opera, where the masked Phantom takes Christine Daaé to his subterranean lair to re-educate her.[21][22][23]

text: As a film about the struggle between freedom and the state, V for Vendetta takes imagery from many classic totalitarian icons both real and fictional, including the Third Reich and George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.[11][15] For example, Adam Sutler[15] primarily appears on large video screens and on portraits in people's homes, both common features among modern totalitarian regimes and reminiscent of the image of Big Brother. The slogan "Strength through Unity. Unity through Faith" is displayed prominently across London, similar in cadence to "War is Peace. Freedom is Slavery. Ignorance is Strength" in Orwell's book.[24] There is also the state's use of mass surveillance, such as closed-circuit television, on its citizens. Valerie was sent to a detention facility for lesbianism and then had medical experiments performed on her, reminiscent of the persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.[22]

text: Themes and references[edit]

text:
"We felt the novel was very prescient to how the political climate is at the moment. It really showed what can happen when society is ruled by government, rather than the government being run as a voice of the people. I don't think it's such a big leap to say that things like that can happen when leaders stop listening to the people."

—James McTeigue, Director[11]

tag: div

text: The filmmakers added topical references relevant to a 2006 audience. According to the Los Angeles Times, "With a wealth of new, real-life parallels to draw from in the areas of government surveillance, torture, fear mongering and media manipulation, not to mention corporate corruption and religious hypocrisy, you can't really blame the filmmakers for having a field day referencing current events." There are also references to an avian flu pandemic,[24] as well as pervasive use of biometric identification and signal-intelligence gathering and analysis by the regime.

text: Film critics, political commentators and other members of the media have also noted the film's numerous references to events surrounding the George W. Bush administration in the United States. These include the hoods and sacks worn by the prisoners in Larkhill that have been seen as a reference to the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse.[25][26] The Homeland Security Advisory System and rendition are also referenced.[27] One of the forbidden items in Gordon's secret basement is a protest poster with a mixed US–UK flag with a swastika and the title "Coalition of the Willing, To Power" which combines the "Coalition of the Willing" with Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of will to power.[28]

text: Despite the America-specific references, the filmmakers have always referred to the film as adding dialogue to a set of issues much broader than the US administration.[15] When James McTeigue was asked whether or not BTN was based on Fox News Channel, McTeigue replied, "Yes. But not just Fox. Everyone is complicit in this kind of stuff. It could just as well been the Britain's Sky News Channel, also a part of News Corp."[15]

text: Production and release[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The film was made by many of the same filmmakers involved in The Matrix series. In 1988, producer Joel Silver acquired the rights to two of Alan Moore's works: V for Vendetta and Watchmen.[29] After the release and relative success of Road House, writer Hilary Henkin was brought on to flesh out the project with an initial draft – one that bears little, if any, relation to the finished product, with the inclusion of overtly satirical and surrealistic elements not present in the graphic novel, as well as the removal of much of the novel's ambiguity, especially in regard to V's identity.[30] The Wachowskis were fans of V for Vendetta and in the mid-1990s, before working on The Matrix, wrote a draft screenplay that closely followed the graphic novel. During the post-production of the second and third The Matrix films, they revisited the screenplay and offered the director's role to James McTeigue. All three were intrigued by the original story's themes and found them to be relevant to the current political landscape. Upon revisiting the screenplay, the Wachowskis set about making revisions to condense and modernise the story, while at the same time attempting to preserve its integrity and themes. James McTeigue cites the film The Battle of Algiers as his principal influence in preparing to film V for Vendetta.[11]

text: Moore explicitly disassociated himself from the film due to his lack of involvement in its writing or directing, as well as due to a continuing series of disputes over film adaptations of his work.[12] He ended cooperation with his publisher, DC Comics, after its corporate parent, Warner Bros., failed to retract statements about Moore's supposed endorsement of the film. Moore said that the script contained plot holes[31] and that it ran contrary to the theme of his original work, which was to place two political extremes (fascism and anarchism) against one another. He argues his work had been recast as a story about "current American neo-conservatism vs. current American liberalism".[32] Per his wishes, Moore's name does not appear in the film's closing credits. Co-creator and illustrator David Lloyd supports the film adaptation, commenting that the script is very good but that Moore would only ever be truly happy with a complete book-to-screen adaptation.[29]

text: Filming[edit]

text: V for Vendetta was filmed in London, United Kingdom, and in Potsdam, Germany, at Babelsberg Studios. Much of the film was shot on sound stages and indoor sets, with location work done in Berlin for three scenes: the Norsefire rally flashback, Larkhill, and Bishop Lilliman's bedroom. The scenes that took place in the abandoned London Underground were filmed at the disused Aldwych tube station. Filming began in early March 2005 and principal photography officially wrapped in early June 2005.[29] V for Vendetta is the final film shot by cinematographer Adrian Biddle, who died of a heart attack on December 7, 2005.[33]

text: To film the final scene at Westminster, the area from Trafalgar Square and Whitehall up to Parliament and Big Ben had to be closed for three nights from midnight until 5 am. This was the first time the security-sensitive area (home to 10 Downing Street and the Ministry of Defence) had ever been closed to accommodate filming.[34] Prime Minister (at the time of filming) Tony Blair's son, Euan, worked on the film's production and is said (according to an interview with Stephen Fry) to have helped the filmmakers obtain the unparalleled filming access. This drew criticism of Blair from MP David Davis due to the film's content. However, the filmmakers denied Euan Blair's involvement in the deal,[35] stating that access was acquired through nine months of negotiations with fourteen different government departments and agencies.[34]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: The film was designed to have a future-retro look, with heavy use of grey tones to give a dreary, stagnant feel to totalitarian London. The largest set created for the film was the Shadow Gallery, which was made to feel like a cross between a crypt and an undercroft.[36] The Gallery is V's home as well as the place where he stores various artefacts forbidden by the government. Some of the works of art displayed in the gallery include The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck, Bacchus and Ariadne by Titian, a Mildred Pierce poster, St. Sebastian by Andrea Mantegna, The Lady of Shalott by John William Waterhouse and statues by Giacometti. One of the major challenges in the film was how to bring V to life from under an expressionless mask. Thus, considerable effort was made to bring together lighting, acting, and Weaving's voice to create the proper mood for the situation. Since the mask muffled Weaving's voice, his entire dialogue was re-recorded in post-production.[34]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: The cast and filmmakers attended several press conferences that allowed them to address issues surrounding the film, including its authenticity, Alan Moore's reaction to it and its intended political message. The film was intended to be a departure from some of Moore's original themes. In the words of Hugo Weaving: "Alan Moore was writing about something which happened some time ago. It was a response to living in Thatcherite Britain... This is a response to the world in which we live today. So I think that the film and the graphic novel are two separate entities." Regarding the film's controversial political content, the filmmakers have said that the film is intended more to raise questions and add to a dialogue already present in society, rather than provide answers or tell viewers what to think.[15]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film adopts extensive imagery from the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, in which a group of Catholic conspirators plotted to destroy the then Houses of Parliament in order to spark a revolution in England.[29] The film was originally scheduled for release on the weekend of November 5, 2005, the Plot's 400th anniversary, with the tag line "Remember, remember the 5th of November", taken from a traditional British rhyme memorialising the event. However, the marketing angle lost much of its value when the release date was pushed back to March 17, 2006. Many have speculated that the delay was caused by the London tube bombing on the July 7 and the failed July 21 bombing.[37] The filmmakers have denied this, saying that the delays were due to the need for more time to finish the visual effects production.[38] V for Vendetta had its first major premiere on December 11, 2005, at Butt-Numb-A-Thon, followed by a premiere on February 13, 2006 at the Berlin Film Festival.[2][15] It opened for general release on March 17, 2006 in 3,365 cinemas in the United States, the United Kingdom and six other countries.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Commercial[edit]

text: By December 2006, V for Vendetta had grossed $132,511,035, of which $70,511,035 was from the United States. The film led the U.S. box office on its opening day, taking in an estimated $8,742,504, and remained the number one film for the remainder of the weekend, taking in an estimated $25,642,340. Its closest rival, Failure to Launch, took in $15,604,892.[4] The film debuted at number one in the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden and Taiwan. V for Vendetta also opened in 56 IMAX cinemas in North America, grossing $1.36 million during the opening three days.[39]

text: Critical[edit]

text: Ebert and Roeper gave the film a "two thumbs up" rating. Roger Ebert stated that V for Vendetta "almost always has something going on that is actually interesting, inviting us to decode the character and plot and apply the message where we will". Margaret Pomeranz and David Stratton from At the Movies stated that despite the problem of never seeing Weaving's face, there was good acting and an interesting plot, adding that the film is also disturbing, with scenes reminiscent of Nazi Germany.[40] Jonathan Ross from the BBC blasted the film, calling it a "woeful, depressing failure" and stating that the "cast of notable and familiar talents such as John Hurt and Stephen Rea stand little chance amid the wreckage of the Wachowski siblings' dismal script and its particularly poor dialogue."[41] Sean Burns of Philadelphia Weekly gave the film a 'D', criticizing the film's treatment of its political message as being "fairly dim, adolescent stuff,"[42] as well as expressing dislike for the "barely decorated sets with television-standard overlit shadow-free cinematography by the late Adrian Biddle. The film is a visual insult."[42] On Alan Moore removing his name from the project, Burns says "it's not hard to see why,"[42] as well as criticising Portman's performance: "Portman still seems to believe that standing around with your mouth hanging open constitutes a performance."[42] Harry Guerin from the Irish TV network RTÉ states the film "works as a political thriller, adventure and social commentary and it deserves to be seen by audiences who would otherwise avoid any/all of the three". He added that the film will become "a cult favourite whose reputation will only be enhanced with age."[43] Andy Jacobs for the BBC gave the film two stars out of five, remarking that it is "a bit of a mess... it rarely thrills or engages as a story."[44]

text: V for Vendetta received few awards, although at the 2007 Saturn Awards Natalie Portman won the Best Actress award.[45] Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 73% "Certified Fresh" approval rating.[46] The film was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form in 2007.[47] V was included on Fandomania's list of The 100 Greatest Fictional Characters.[48] Empire magazine (in 2008) named the film the 418th greatest movie of all time.[49]

text: Political[edit]

text: V for Vendetta deals with issues of homosexuality (and its complement homophobia), criticism of religion, totalitarianism, Islamophobia, and terrorism. Its controversial story line and themes have been the target of both criticism and praise from sociopolitical groups.

text: On April 17, 2006, the New York Metro Alliance of Anarchists organised a protest against DC Comics and Time Warner, accusing it of watering down the story's original message in favor of violence and special effects.[50][51] David Graeber, an anarchist scholar and former professor at Yale University, was not upset by the film. "I thought the message of anarchy got out in spite of Hollywood." However, Graeber went on to state: "Anarchy is about creating communities and democratic decision making. That's what is absent from Hollywood's interpretation."[50]

text: Film critic Richard Roeper dismissed right-wing Christian criticism of the film on the television show Ebert and Roeper, saying that V's "terrorist" label is applied in the film "by someone who's essentially Hitler, a dictator."[52]

text: LGBT commentators have praised the film for its positive depiction of homosexuals. Sarah Warn of AfterEllen.com called the film "one of the most pro-gay ever". Warn went on to praise the central role of the character Valerie "not just because it is beautifully acted and well-written, but because it is so utterly unexpected [in a Hollywood film]."[53]

text: David Walsh of the World Socialist Web Site criticized V's actions as "antidemocratic," calling the film an example of "the bankruptcy of anarcho-terrorist ideology;" Walsh writes that because the people have not played any part in the revolution, they will be unable to produce a "new, liberated society."[54]

text: The film was broadcast on China's national TV station, China Central Television (CCTV) on December 16, 2012 completely uncensored,[55] surprising many viewers. While many believed that the government had banned the film, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television stated that it was not aware of a ban; CCTV makes its own decisions on whether to censor foreign films. Liu Shanying, a political scientist at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences who used to work for CCTV, speculated that the showing indicated that Chinese film censorship might be being loosened.[56]

text: Differences between the film and graphic novel[edit]

text: The film's story was adapted from Alan Moore and David Lloyd's graphic novel V for Vendetta; this was originally published between 1982 and 1985 in the British comic anthology Warrior, and then reprinted and completed by DC. Moore's comics were later compiled into a graphic novel and published again in the United States under DC's Vertigo imprint and in the United Kingdom under Titan Books.[57]

text: There are several fundamental differences between the film and the original source material. For example, the comic is set in the 1990s, while the film is set sometime between 2028 and 2038: Alan Moore's original story was created as a response to British Thatcherism in the early 1980s and was set as a conflict between a fascist state and anarchism, while the film's story has been changed by the Wachowski Brothers to fit a modern US political context. Alan Moore, however, charged that, in doing so, the story has turned into an American-centric conflict between liberalism and neo-conservatism, and abandons the original anarchist–fascist themes. Moore states that "[t]here wasn't a mention of anarchy as far as I could see. The fascism had been completely defanged. I mean, I think that any references to racial purity had been excised, whereas actually, fascists are quite big on racial purity." Furthermore, in the original story, Moore attempted to maintain moral ambiguity, and not to portray the fascists as caricatures, but as realistic, rounded characters. The time limitations of a film meant that the story had to omit or streamline some of the characters, details, and plotlines from the original story.[11] Chiefly, the original graphic novel has the fascists elected legally and kept in power through the general apathy of the public, whereas the film introduces the "St. Mary's virus", a biological weapon engineered and released by the Norsefire Party as a means of clandestinely gaining control over their own country.[citation needed]

text: Many of the characters from the graphic novel underwent significant changes for the film. V is characterized in the film as a romantic freedom fighter who shows concern over the loss of innocent life.[58] However, in the graphic novel, he is portrayed as ruthless, willing to kill anyone who gets in his way. Evey Hammond's transformation as V's protégée is also much more drastic in the novel than in the film. At the beginning of the film, she is already a confident woman with a hint of rebellion in her; in the graphic novel, she starts off as an insecure, desperate young woman forced into prostitution. V and Evey's relationship, though not as obvious in the book, ends in the film with pledges of love. In the graphic novel's finale, she not only carries out V's plans as she does in the film, but also clearly takes on V's identity.[12] In the film, Inspector Finch sympathizes with V, but, in the graphic novel, he is determined to stop V and goes as far as taking LSD to enter into a criminal's state of mind. Gordon, a very minor character in both adaptations, is also drastically changed. In the novel, Gordon is a small-time criminal who takes Evey into his home after V abandons her on the street. The two share a brief romance before Gordon is killed by a Scottish gang. In the film, however, Gordon is a well-mannered colleague of Evey's, and is later revealed to be gay. He is arrested by fingermen for broadcasting a political parody on his TV program, and is later executed when a Quran is found in his possession.[12]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: V for Vendetta was released on DVD in the US on August 1, 2006,[59] in three formats: a single-disc wide-screen version, a single-disc full-screen version, and a two-disc wide-screen special edition.[60] DVD sales were successful, selling 1,412,865 DVD units in the first week of release which translated to $27,683,818 in revenue. By the end of 2006, 3,086,073 DVD units had been sold, bringing in slightly more than its production cost of $58,342,597.[61] The single disc versions contain a short (15:56) behind-the-scenes featurette titled "Freedom! Forever![62] Making V for Vendetta" and the film's theatrical trailer, whereas the two-disc special edition contains three additional documentaries, and several extra features for collectors. On the second disc of the special edition, a short Easter egg clip of Natalie Portman on Saturday Night Live can be viewed by selecting the picture of wings on the second page of the menu. The film has also been released on the HD DVD high definition format, which features a unique 'in-film experience' created exclusively for the disc. Warner Bros. later released the video on Blu-Ray, on May 20, 2008.[63] The film also saw release on Sony's PSP UMD format.[64]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The V for Vendetta soundtrack was released by Astralwerks Records on March 21, 2006.[65] The original scores from the film's composer, Dario Marianelli, make up most of the tracks on the album.[66] The soundtrack also features three vocals played during the film: "Cry Me a River" by Julie London, a cover of The Velvet Underground song "I Found a Reason" by Cat Power and "Bird Gerhl" by Antony and the Johnsons.[66] As mentioned in the film, these songs are samples of the 872 blacklisted tracks on V's Wurlitzer jukebox that V "reclaimed" from the Ministry of Objectionable Materials. The climax of Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture appears at the end of the track "Knives and Bullets (and Cannons too)". The Overture's finale is played at key parts at the beginning and end of the film.

text: Three songs were played during the ending credits which were not included on the V for Vendetta soundtrack.[66] The first was "Street Fighting Man" by the Rolling Stones. The second was a special version of Ethan Stoller's "BKAB". In keeping with revolutionary tone of the film, excerpts from "On Black Power" (also in "A Declaration of Independence") by black nationalist leader Malcolm X, and from "Address to the Women of America" by feminist writer Gloria Steinem were added to the song. Gloria Steinem can be heard saying: "This is no simple reform... It really is a revolution. Sex and race, because they are easy and visible differences, have been the primary ways of organising human beings into superior and inferior groups and into the cheap labour on which this system still depends." The final song was "Out of Sight" by Spiritualized.

text: Also in the film were segments from two of Antonio Carlos Jobim's classic bossa nova songs, "The Girl From Ipanema" and "Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars". These songs were played during the "breakfast scenes" with V and Deitrich and were one of the ways used to tie the two characters together. Beethoven's Symphony No.5 also plays an important role in the film, with the first four notes of the first movement signifying the letter "V" in Morse code.[67][68] Gordon Deitrich's Benny Hill-styled comedy sketch of Chancellor Sutler includes the "Yakety Sax" theme. Inspector Finch's alarm clock begins the morning of November 4 with the song "Long Black Train" by Richard Hawley, which contains the foreshadowing lyrics "Ride the long black train... take me home black train."

text: Books[edit]

text: The original graphic novel by Moore and Lloyd was re-released as a hardback collection in October 2005 to tie into the film's original release date of November 5, 2005.[69] The film renewed interest in Alan Moore's original story, and sales of the original graphic novel rose dramatically in the United States.[70]

text: A novelisation of the film, written by Steve Moore and based on the Wachowski Brothers' script, was published by Pocket Star on January 31, 2006.[71] Spencer Lamm, who has worked with the Wachowskis, created a "behind-the-scenes" book. Titled V for Vendetta: From Script to Film, it was published by Universe on August 22, 2006.[72]

text: Television series[edit]

text: In October 2017, it was announced that Channel 4 was developing a television series based on the comic book.[73]