document_title: List of New Girl characters

question_text: what is coach's real name new girl

question_tokens: what is coach 's real name new girl

text: List of New Girl characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Summary of character appearances

Character
Portrayed by
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Jessica Day
Zooey Deschanel
Main

Nick Miller
Jake Johnson
Main

Schmidt
Max Greenfield
Main

Coach
Damon Wayans, Jr.
Main[a]

Recurring
Main
Special guest

Cece
Hannah Simone
Main

Winston Bishop
Lamorne Morris
Main

Ruth
Danielle and Rhiannon Rockoff

Main

text: Jessica Day[edit]

text: Jessica Christopher[b] "Jess" Day (Zooey Deschanel) is a bubbly, offbeat teacher in her early thirties who is originally from Portland, Oregon. After discovering in the pilot episode that her live-in boyfriend, Spencer, is cheating on her, she moves into the guys' apartment where Nick, Schmidt, and Winston help her move on from her break-up. The series follows her adventures as she goes through various relationships and jobs.

text: Nick Miller[edit]

text: Nicholas Miller (Jake Johnson) is one of Jess' roommates who works as a bartender. He and Winston are childhood friends from Chicago.[c] At the start of the series, he struggles from having broken up with his long-term girlfriend Caroline, At one of the wedding events, he almost tries to reunite with her. In the episode "Bells", it is revealed that he is fairly frugal and prefers to repair things in the apartment by himself rather than hire outside help. He had also dropped out of law school.[d] In the episode "Secrets", it is shown he is not good at keeping secrets, and sweats on his lower back.[e] He is also not good with taking care of plants. After many failed relationships, Nick tries to rekindle his romance with Caroline and almost moves in with her at the end of season 1.[f]

text: In season 2, he writes a zombie novel called Z Is for Zombie[1] He and Jess become attracted to each other and they kiss in the season 2 episode "Cooler". Afterwards, he and Jess are confused as to how to deal with their relationship, but later have sex in the episode "Virgins". They eventually agree to be a couple at the end of season 2, but break up towards the end of season 3. In season 4, he hooks up with Tran's granddaughter Kai. He and Schmidt revive their business ventures, investing in a share of the bar where he works. In season 5, while Jess is sequested on jury duty, he gets to know their temporary roommate Reagan Lucas, but only get as far as kissing before she leaves. They start dating at the end of season 5. At the beginning of season 6, he returns from New Orleans and works on his novel The Pepperwood Chronicles while maintaining a long-distance and later in-loft relationship with Reagan. However, at the end of season 6 he and Reagan break up, and he reunites with Jess. Three years later, in the season 7 premiere, Nick and Jess return to the loft after a European book tour for Pepperwood,[2] although he is still waiting for the right time to propose to Jess. He eventually proposes to her in the episode "Mario", and they marry in the episode "The Curse of the Pirate Bride". In the series finale, he and Jess move out of the loft to a two-bedroom apartment.

text: Schmidt[edit]

text: Winston Saint-Marie Schmidt[3] (Max Greenfield), known simply as Schmidt, is the guy who originally posted the online ad for a new roommate.[g] He is an overly confident ladies' man who is originally from Long Island, New York. While attending Syracuse University, he was very obese, and shared a dorm room with Nick and became life-long friends.[h][i][4] Since then, he has worked hard to lose weight and to be seen as physically attractive and cool. Because of this, he often says offensive or cocky things, as a consequence of which he must put money in the "douchebag jar" of the apartment.[g][h][5] He is relatively wealthy compared to his roommates, having bought the couch and refrigerator, and splurging on things such as an 80-dollar sushi plate; it was also noted that his family spent $30,000 on his Bar Mitzvah. Schmidt is a successful marketing associate, the sole male in a female-dominated office, and is known for his numerous flings with women.[d] Schmidt's other quirks include a fear of feral cats, especially the one on their apartment's roof;[c] being very controlling and a germophobe when it comes to preparing food; and organizing things.[j][8][k]

text: In the second half of season 1, he has a casual but passionate sexual relationship with fashion model and best friend of Jess, Cece. However, in the season 1 finale, he ends his relationship with Cece because he feels she deserves someone better.[f] In season 2, he continues to have feelings for Cece, being jealous of Cece's date Robby. He has a brief relationship with co-worker Emma who has him sign a sex contract. Towards the end of the season, when he realizes Cece is going to wed Shivrang, he rekindles a relationship with his college girlfriend Elizabeth and tries to sabotage the wedding. In season 3, he tries to date both Elizabeth and Cece but it does not last long. He moves into neighboring apartment 4C allowing for Coach to return as a roommate, but later moves back to 4D after he uses his savings to fund a storefront for Jess' sister, and shares a room with Nick.[9] In season 4, he dates councilwoman Fawn Moscato and tries to keep up with her climbing the social ladder, but eventually breaks up with her. In the season 4 finale "Clean Break", he realizes he cannot part ways with Cece and her stuff; he proposes to her.[l] They marry at the end of season 5. In season 6, they purchase a fixer-upper house, and have it renovated. Towards the end of season 6, he is promoted to director of marketing, and in the final episode, he learns that Cece is expecting. In the season 7 premiere, it is revealed that Schmidt has become a stay-at-home dad to their three-year-old daughter Ruth.[10]

text: Schmidt's first name is a long-kept secret of the series, until the second-to-last episode of season six "San Diego" in which it is revealed to be Winston.[3]

text: Coach[edit]

text: Ernie Tagliaboo[m] (Damon Wayans, Jr.) who goes by the nickname Coach, is a cocky and driven, yet sometime awkward former athlete who works as a personal trainer. He is one of the roommates when Jess first moves into the loft in the pilot, but he moves out before the second episode for then-undisclosed reasons, allowing for Winston to take his place. In season 3, Coach had broken up with his girlfriend Malia and lives with the gang in the loft.[11][12] He has worked as a personal trainer at gyms and as a sports coach and health class teacher at Jess' school.[13] At the end of season 4, Coach moves to New York with his girlfriend May,[l] He makes guest appearances afterwards in seasons 5–7.

text: Cece [edit]

text: Cecilia "Cece" Parikh[n] (Hannah Simone) is Jess' best friend since childhood, a street-smart and snarky fashion model. Although she is fairly serious and cool, she does enjoy parties and has gotten drunk on occasion where she acts more wildly. Her parents were born in India.[c] Initially skeptical of Jess' new roommates, Cece becomes interested in Schmidt after seeing him become emotional while preparing Thanksgiving dinner.[j] They have a passionate sexual relationship and try to keep it a secret from the others until they were discovered by Winston when the latter drove to Mexico. Although Schmidt breaks up with her at the end of season 1, she still retains feelings towards him.[f]

text: In season 2, Cece dates a guy named Robby. She later discovers that she has limited time to conceive a baby and decides to enter an arranged marriage with a man called Shivrang. However, she calls off the wedding in the season 2 finale after realizing that she is still in love with Schmidt and has no feelings for Shivrang, who also turned out to be in love with someone else. At the start of season 3, a confused Schmidt misleads her as he attempts to carry on two distinct relationships. However, she soon discovers the truth and is left to recuperate after the break-up. She starts working part-time as a bartender at the place where Nick works,[15] passes her GED exam and takes community college classes. While Schmidt is dating Fawn Moscato, Cece begins to have feelings for him again. She goes on a hiking trip to Mount Shasta, and when she returns she accepts his marriage proposal in the season 4 finale "Clean Break".[l] They get married in the season 5 finale "Landing Gear", and buy a house, which they fix up in season 6. In addition to bartending, she opens up a modeling agency called Cece's Boys in season 6. In the final episode, "Five Stars for Beezus", Cece learns she is pregnant. Three years later, in season 7, she and Schmidt have a three-year-old daughter named Ruth, and her modeling agency was merged into a larger agency.

text: Winston Bishop[edit]

text: Winston L'Andre Bishop[l] (Lamorne Morris) is a tenacious and somewhat eccentric former basketball player from Chicago and Nick's childhood friend.[d] He first appears in "Kryptonite", where he moves into the apartment, replacing Coach who had vacated. Prior to his stay, he had been a point guard for a team in the Latvian Basketball League, but has been struggling to find meaningful work.[d] He has the ability to master things quickly, as shown in the "Bells" episode, when he rings handbells, but is not so good with interacting with children when he is asked to lead them in a song.[d] He enjoys pulling pranks on people but the jokes are either too small or too big. He also enjoys jigsaw puzzles and wearing shirts with pictures of birds or other animals on them.[16][17]

text: After dabbling in some odd jobs, including being a nanny for Schmidt's boss Gina's son, he gets his break as a research assistant to a sports radio show host,[18] which leads to his own show on the radio's late night shift. He dates Shelby, who he had treated neglectfully in the past.[19] In the season 1 finale, it is revealed he his afraid of the dark,[20] although after spending a night in the desert, he seems to get over it.

text: In season 2, he breaks up with Shelby in the Halloween episode. He later dates Daisy, but because of their schedule, they only have a small window of time to be with each other. Early in season 3, when he breaks up with Daisy, he takes ownership of her cat Furguson.[21] He later dates a bus driver named Bertie. Having realized that others have been making his career choices for him all his life, he quits his radio host job,[22] enrolls in a police academy, and becomes a police officer for the LAPD. He is partnered with the tough, but kind-hearted colleague, Aly Nelson. They start dating in season 5,[23] and he proposes to her in season 6.[24] Three years later, he and Aly are married and are expecting a child, living on their own. In the episode "Curse of the Pirate Bride", Aly gives birth to a baby boy whom Winston names Dan Bill Bishop, and in the series finale flash-forward scene, they have five children.[25]

text: Ruth[edit]

text: Ruth Bader Parikh-Schmidt (Danielle Rockoff and Rhiannon Rockoff) is the daughter of Schmidt and Cece, first appearing in season 7 where she celebrates her third birthday. Showrunner Brett Baer said that they chose to name her after U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg because of Schmidt's character growth and change from a political conservative that objectified women to someone who admired strong women and wants his daughter to become President of the United States someday.[26]

text: Secondary characters[edit]

text: Introduced in season 1[edit]

text:
Caroline (Mary Elizabeth Ellis), Nick's ex-girlfriend at the start of the series. She and Nick hook up briefly near the end of season 1, and Nick is about to move into an apartment with her.[27]
Paul Genzlinger (Justin Long), a music teacher at Jess' school whom Jess takes a liking to.[28] The guys remark that he is quirky and emotional like a male version of Jess. Jess thinks he makes a funny face when he cries. He later becomes engaged to Jenn, who Jess thinks is like an Asian version of her.[27] In a season 4 episode "Walk of Shame", it was revealed that he and Jenn had broken up, and that he had been working as a clown entertainer for kids birthday parties, but Jess convinces him to quit that and move forward with his life.
Gina (Michaela Watkins), Schmidt's boss and the Vice President at Associated Strategies. She is described as "tough, domineering, unpleasant".[29] She has a baby shower in season 1 which Schmidt gets himself invited to.[o] She has a son named Elvin whom Winston befriends at the holiday Christmas party,[p] and whom Winston watches over as a nanny prior to his radio show job.
Sadie (June Diane Raphael), Jess' friend who is a lesbian gynecologist.[30] She is pregnant in the second season. Her partner is Melissa, who is played by series writer Kay Cannon.[31]
Kim (Gillian Vigman), Schmidt's other boss and the CFO at Associated Strategies. She has dark blonde hair.[32] Some of her tasks seem like double entendres to Schmidt.[q]
Benjamin (David Neher), Schmidt's former college roommate and "fremesis".[33][34][35]
Tanya Lamontagne (Rachael Harris), the vice principal at Jess' school in season 1.[36] She joins Jess on the party bus.[h]
Remy[q] (Jeff Kober), the creepy landlord of the apartment building that the guys wanted to avoid using whenever possible. When Jess befriends him, he assumes she wants to flirt with him. He is also OK with having a threesome with Nick and Jess.[37]
Julia Cleary[r] (Lizzy Caplan), Nick's girlfriend in a story arc in season 1. At first she appears to be the perfect girl to Nick, but later it is revealed she has anger management issues.[28] She is a lawyer who has a contrasting personality to the bubbly Jess.[k]
Shelby (Kali Hawk), Winston's love interest. They had a tryst before Winston went to Latvia, but after much apologizing on Winston's part, she agreed to give him a second chance. She manages a diner.[38][k]
Russell Schiller[s] (Dermot Mulroney), appears in the episodes "Fancyman" as the divorced father of one of Jess' students. He dislikes that her daughter did a weird art project and wanted to pull her out of Jess' class. Jess' boss reveals that Russell was the third largest donor in the city, and the episodes show that he has a fancy car and house, but that he is very generous and kind to Jess because he likes her.[s] Mulroney described his role as being a person half-generation older, but that he had a blast working with the group. Mulroney's role was initially for three episodes but was extended to a fourth episode and also included guest star Jeanne Tripplehorn who played Russell's ex-wife.[39] In the season 7 premiere, Russell says that he had remarried and divorced twice in the three years since Jess and Nick got back together, and has a toddler that is in the same gym class as Ruth. He hires Jess to work at his education-based non-profit.[40][41]
Joe Napoli (Phil Hendrie), a sports radio personality who hires Winston as his research assistant. Hendrie himself is a radio personality.[42][43]
Nadia (Rebecca Reid), a Russian model and one of Cece's roommates. On Cece's prompting, she and Schmidt have a date, but it results in an awkward sexual encounter, in which Schmidt injures his penis and has to be hospitalized. Reid auditioned when the show was looking for fashion models that would serve as "intimidatingly taciturn roommates for Cece", and that the character was originally going to just say five words but it got extended into three episodes. Reid said that she had met Russian models who acted like that.[44] In the season 4 episode "Girl Fight", she has a baby shower.[45]

text: Introduced in season 2[edit]

text:
Robby (Nelson Franklin), Cece's new boyfriend in the season premiere. Laid-back and nice, he represents a contrast to Schmidt,[46] who sees him as a rival, but later tries to ally with him against Shivrang. In season 6, he and Jess form a singles group dedicated to keeping their relationships platonic. He and Jess develop feelings for each other; however, during the episode "The Hike", they discover they are third cousins and break up.[47]
Sam Sweeney (David Walton), Jess' love interest after she was laid off from teaching.[48] Jess had planned to have just a physical relationship with someone who was just as disinterested as her at the time. Although Sam appears to be a spacey guy who likes Creed, he is actually a pediatrician.[49]
Bearclaw (Josh Gad), a beer delivery guy at the bar where Nick works.[50][51][52]
Tran (Ralph Ahn), an elderly Asian man who Nick becomes friends with. He hardly speaks, but smiles a lot at Nick, and helps Nick defuse his anger with water therapy in the "Menzies" episode.[53] The character was thought up by Johnson, but Meriweather and the writers thought he was funny and really easy to write for. He also helps Nick ask Jess out on a date.[54] Tran's granddaughter also has a storyline in the show as Nick's love interest.[55][56][57]
Emma (Carla Gugino) is the Vice President of the North American region of Associated Strategies. She and Schmidt have a brief sexual relationship that was prefaced with Schmidt signing a legal sex contract. Gugino described her character as like Fifty Shades of Grey but more comical.[58]
Joan Day (Jamie Lee Curtis) is Jess' mother. She and Bob are divorced and she shares some personality quirks with Jess.[59]
Bob Day (Rob Reiner) is Jess' father.[59] Though he admits to having many similarities to Nick, he is very protective of Jess and disapproves of their relationship. In season 4, he proposes marriage to Ashley, one of Jess' former schoolmates,[60] and marries her in the episode "Oregon", but is divorced again in season 6.
Big Schmidt (Rob Riggle), Schmidt's rival cousin, first showing at Thanksgiving.[61] He returns in season 5 for the bachelor party festivities.[62]
Angie (Olivia Munn), a bar patron that Nick falls for as she broke up with a boyfriend. She works as a stripper,[63] but Jess encourages Nick to be with her.[64] When asked about Angie and Nick's abrupt breakup, Munn said that it was more of a practical setting so that she could return to filming episodes for The Newsroom and that she liked seeing Nick and Jess together.[65]
Walt Miller (Dennis Farina), Nick's dad. He is a con man who during his visit in season 2, tries to get Jess to invest in buying a race horse and trying to sell it for studding.[66] The gang later go to Chicago for his funeral, and he appears in a flashback episode afterwards.[67] Farina died several months after his appearances were broadcast on New Girl.[68]
Shivrang (Satya Bhabha), Cece's fiance by arranged marriage.[69]
Daisy (Brenda Song), Winston's love interest. She initially appeared at the bar wearing an engagement ring but that was to fend off guys. She tries to teach Winston to be more confident in picking up girls. Because of their schedules they only have a small window of time to interact.[70] She is described as competitive and intense and disliking quitters.[71] Although they part ways in season 3, Winston takes ownership of Daisy's cat Furguson.[72][73]
Outside Dave (Steve Agee), a homeless man who lives outside of the apartment building and often interacts with Jess and the roommates.[74]
Elizabeth (Merritt Wever), Schmidt's college girlfriend.[75][76][77]
Principal Foster (Curtis Armstrong), the eccentric principal of Coolidge Middle School.[78] Despite his apparent incompetence and frequent oddness, he and Jess have a congenial relationship. His given name is Alan. Although he retires in season 5, he is still named Principal Foster for appearances in season 6.

text: Introduced in season 3[edit]

text:
Rose (Angela Kinsey), a "snobbish "cool" teacher" at Coolidge Middle School. She is described as "turned off by Jess' diligence and goody-two-shoes approach to her job."[79]
Lorenzo[t] (Brian Posehn), credited as Biology Teacher, works at Coolidge Middle School.[80][81]
Bertie (Jessica Chaffin) is a bus driver who becomes Winston's girlfriend when she found Winston's cat. Winston likes that she's down-to-earth.[82]
Mike (Ben Falcone), the gay owner of the bar where Nick and Cece work.[83][84]
Abby Day (Linda Cardellini), Jess' older sister, described as bit of a wild child. She is frequently in trouble with the law. The writers also used Cardellini as a character reference.[85][86]

text: Introduced in season 4[edit]

text:
Ryan Geauxinue (Julian Morris) an attractive new science teacher from England who becomes Jess' love interest, although Jess struggles with entering the relationship because of her position as a vice-principal and the school policy of not having relationships with teachers.[87][88][89] In the episode "Landline", the gang are confused as to how to pronounce his name, thinking it sounds more like "goes in you".[90]
Kai (Greta Lee), Tran's granddaughter who becomes Nick's girlfriend.[91] The gang worry that Kai is looking for a sugar daddy but Nick later discovers that she works as a consultant but is fairly well-off with her own apartment.[45] She enjoys staying on the couch with Nick, but eventually breaks up with Nick when he becomes too assertive in his career ambitions.[m]
Fawn Moscato (Zoe Lister-Jones), a city councilwoman who becomes Schmidt's love interest. She is described as controlling and manipulative, using Schmidt mostly as a model boyfriend to advance her causes.[92][93][94] In the series finale, she has become mayor.[25]
Aly Nelson (Nasim Pedrad), Winston's officer partner. She is petite, which gets the guys worried that she cannot defend herself, but she quickly proves them wrong. At first, she does not want to be in a relationship with Winston, as she had fallen for a co-worker before and it did not work out, so they start as friends. They start becoming a couple in season 5 and get engaged in season 6.[23] In the season 7 premiere, she and Winston are married and she is pregnant. In the episode "Curse of the Pirate Bride", she gives birth to a baby boy whom Winston names Dan Bill Bishop, and in the series finale flash-forward scene, she and Winston have five children.[25]
May (Meaghan Rath), a girl that Coach keeps running into at the Valentine's Day bar crawl.[95] She agrees to be Coach's girlfriend on the condition that he write her a nice letter, but when Coach accidentally sends off a number of rough drafts, she accepts him anyway. She plays the cello in a chamber ensemble, but is accepting of Coach's quirks and flaws, as well as his interests, playing "Heavy Action" (the theme for Monday Night Football) for him. When she accepts a job in New York, she and Coach are about to break up but they both have second thoughts, and Coach agrees to move with her.
Louise Schmidt (Nora Dunn), Schmidt's mother.[u] She is very strict and insists that Schmidt do all his bar mitzvah thank you cards before granting him the money, and nitpicks at his manners. She later proposes to her best friend and roommate Susan toward the end of season 5.[96][97][98]

text: Introduced in season 5[edit]

text:
J. Cronkite Valley-Forge (Fred Melamed), the CFO at Associated Strategies around the time when Schmidt is engaged.[99]
Reagan Lucas (Megan Fox), a gorgeous, no-nonsense bisexual pharmaceutical sales rep who comes to town on business and shakes things up in the loft when she rents out Jess' room while the latter is sequestered on jury duty (during Zooey Deschanel's parental leave).[100][101] She knows Cece from a previous gig they did together. Reagan starts dating Nick, but they eventually break up at the end of season six.[102]
Gavin Schmidt (Peter Gallagher), Schmidt's father. He is divorced, but made out with Jess in his introductory episode. He owns a vineyard.[103] Nick and Schmidt do not trust him at first because he has been unreliable as a father to Schmidt, but Nick tells him to clean up his act, and he does so.[104] In season 6, he gets in trouble when he dates six women at once.[105]

text: Introduced in season 6[edit]

text:
Leslie Nelson (Ayden Mayeri), Aly's air-headed sister who initially works as a realtor.[106]
Donovan (Trent Garrett), a hunky attractive guy that Cece hires as a bartender.[107] He later becomes Cece's first client for her modeling agency business.
Merle Streep (Brian Huskey), Nick's publisher editor.[108]

text: Notes and episodes cited[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Damon Wayans, Jr. was only credited as a part of the main cast in the "Pilot" episode.
Jump up ^ In the season 4 episode "Oregon", Jess reveals her middle name to be Christopher because her dad wanted a boy.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cece Crashes". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 5. [14]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Bells". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 7. [6][7]
Jump up ^ "Secrets". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 19. April 3, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "See Ya". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 24. May 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pilot". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 1.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Story of the 50". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 10. January 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wedding". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 3.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thanksgiving". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 6.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Jess and Julia". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 11. January 31, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Clean Break". New Girl. Season 4. Episode 22. May 5, 2015. Event occurs at 06m10s for Winston's middle name, near end of episode for Cece's last name. Fox.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Crawl". New Girl. Season 4. Episode 15. February 10, 2015. Fox.
Jump up ^ Cece's last name has been spelled Parikh and Parekh. The season 5 episode "D-Day" shows an invitation where Cece's last name is spelled Parikh. The season 2 episode "Table 34" the captions spelled her name Parikh. However, it was spelled Parekh in the season 4 finale "Clean Break" and some captions early in season 5. It is also spelled Parekh in the Fox profiles.
Jump up ^ "Bad in Bed". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 8. December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The 23rd". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 9. December 13, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Landlord". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 12. February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Valentine's Day". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 13. February 14, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fancyman (Part 1)". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 17. March 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Coming Out". New Girl. Season 4. Episode 13. January 13, 2015. Fox.
Jump up ^ Barbara Kerford played Schmidt's mom in a flashback scene for Season 1 episode "Naked"


document_title: Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States

question_text: when did recreational weed become legal in california

root

text: Federal[edit]

text:
1937: The Marijuana Tax Act is passed, effectively prohibiting all use of cannabis on a federal level.
1970: The Controlled Substances Act is passed, prohibiting cannabis federally along with several other drugs and replacing the 1937 act.
2014: The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment passed the U.S. House and was signed into law. Requiring annual renewal, it prohibits the Justice Department from interfering with the implementation of state medical marijuana laws.[1][2]

tag: ul

text: States[edit]

text: Prohibition begins - 1911

tag: p

text:
1911: Massachusetts requires a prescription for sales of "Indian hemp"[3]
1913: California, Maine, Wyoming, and Indiana ban marijuana[3]
1915: Utah and Vermont ban marijuana[3]
1917: Colorado legislators made the use and cultivation of cannabis a misdemeanor;
1923: Iowa, Oregon, Washington, and Vermont ban marijuana[3]
1927: New York,[3] Idaho, Kansas, Montana, and Nebraska ban marijuana[4]
1931: Illinois bans marijuana.[5]
1931: Texas declared cannabis a "narcotic", allowing up to life sentences for possession.[6]
1933: North Dakota and Oklahoma ban marijuana.[4] By this year, 29 states have criminalized cannabis.[7]

text: Decriminalization begins - 1973

text:
1973: Oregon decriminalized cannabis.[8][9]
1973: Texas law was amended to declare possession of four ounces or less a misdemeanor.[10]
1975: Alaska's Supreme Court establishes that the right to privacy includes possession of small amounts of marijuana[11]
1976: Maine decriminalized cannabis.[12]
1977: South Dakota decriminalized cannabis, but repealed that law "almost immediately" afterward.[13]
1973-1978: California, Colorado, Mississippi, New York, Nebraska, North Carolina, and Ohio decriminalized cannabis.[14] Certain cities and counties, particularly in California, adopted laws to further decriminalize cannabis.
1978: New Mexico passes the Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act, becoming the first state to pass legislation recognizing the medical value of marijuana.[15]
1979: Virginia passed legislation allowing doctors to recommend cannabis for glaucoma or the side effects of chemotherapy.[16][17]
1982: Alaska's legislature decriminalizes possession of cannabis[18]
1990: Alaska re-criminalizes cannabis by voter initiative, restoring criminal penalties for possession of any amount of cannabis[19]

text: Medical marijuana begins - 1996

text:
1996: California legalized medical cannabis. (California Proposition 215)
1996: First marijuana dispensary, Marin Alliance for Medical Marijuana appears in Fairfax, California, USA.[20]
1998: Oregon, Alaska, and Washington legalized medical cannabis.[21][22]
1999: Maine legalized medical cannabis.[23][24]
2000: Hawaii, Nevada, and Colorado legalized medical cannabis.[22] Hawaii became the first state to do so by state legislature.[25]
2004: Montana and Vermont legalized medical cannabis.[22]
2007: New Mexico legalized medical cannabis.[22]
2008: Michigan legalized medical cannabis. Massachusetts decriminalized cannabis.[26]
2010: New Jersey and Arizona legalized medical cannabis.[27][28] (Arizona's proposition 203)[29]
2010: California decriminalizes possession to a civil infraction[30]
2012: Massachusetts legalized medical cannabis. (Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Initiative)

text: Recreational legalization begins - 2012

text:
2012: Colorado and Washington legalized recreational marijuana for adults 21 years of age or older.[31]
2014: Maryland decriminalized cannabis. Minnesota and New York legalized medical cannabis.[32][33][34]
2014: Utah legalizes CBD oil, becoming the first state to legalize a cannabis-based medicine without legalizing medical cannabis entirely.[35]
2014: Oklahoma legalizes trials of CBD oil.[36]
2014: Alaska and Oregon legalized recreational cannabis.[37] Alaska's law took effect on February 25, 2015.[38] Oregon's initiative began on July 1, 2015.[39]
2015: Georgia, North Carolina, and Texas legalized CBD oil.[40][41]
2015: Louisiana legalized medical cannabis.[42]
2015: Delaware decriminalized cannabis.[43]
2016: Ohio[44] and Pennsylvania[45] legalized medical cannabis via state legislature.
2016: Illinois decriminalized cannabis.[46]
2016: California, Nevada, Maine and Massachusetts legalized recreational cannabis via ballot initiative.
2016: Florida, North Dakota, and Arkansas legalized medical cannabis via ballot initiative.
2017: Vermont becomes first state to pass recreational cannabis bill entirely through elected legislature on May 10, 2017 (see cannabis in Vermont).

text: Municipal[edit]

text:
1906: Washington D.C. requires a prescription for cannabis drugs.[47]
1915: El Paso, Texas restricts cannabis.[48]
1974: Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti, Michigan, reduce cannabis possession to a civil infraction.[49][50]
1998: Washington D.C. attempted to legalize medical cannabis with the passage of Initiative 59, but was prevented by the Barr Amendment from putting the new law into action until 2009, with the first legal medical sales occurring in 2013.[51]
2004: Oakland, California passes Measure Z, making private adult cannabis offenses the lowest possible priority for law enforcement, establishing a system to regulate, tax, and sell cannabis pending state legalization, and urging legalization on the state and national levels.[52]
2005: Denver, Colorado legalized cannabis.[53]
2009: Breckenridge, Colorado legalized cannabis.[54]
2013: Portland, Maine legalized cannabis.[55]
2014: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania decriminalized cannabis.[56]
2014: Washington D.C.'s City Council decriminalized cannabis in July, and the electorate voted in November to legalize recreational marijuana with 69% in favor.[37] A Congressional rider prevented D.C. from permitting retail marijuana stores.[57] On February 26, 2015, marijuana became legal in D.C. for adults aged 21 and over to possess, gift and grow but not to sell.[58]
2014: New York City, New York decriminalized cannabis.[59]
2015: Wichita, Kansas, decriminalizes possession of cannabis.[60]
2015: Toledo, Ohio decriminalizes possession of 200 grams of cannabis or less to a citation.[61]
2016: Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee, decriminalize possession of small amounts of cannabis, with Memphis reducing punishment to a $50 fine.[62]
2016: the Ohio cities of Bellaire, Logan, Newark and Roseville decriminalize possession of 200 grams of cannabis or less to a citation.[61]
2017: Kansas City, Kansas, eliminated jail time for possession of 35 grams or less of cannabis.[63]
2017: Atlanta, Georgia, decriminalizes possession of one ounce or less of cannabis via unanimous City Council vote.[64]

text: Territory[edit]

text:
2014: Guam legalized medical cannabis.[65]
2014: United States Virgin Islands decriminalizes cannabis.[66]
2015: Puerto Rico legalizes medical cannabis by executive order.[67]

text: Indian Reservations[edit]

text:
2014: The US Justice Department allowed recognized Indian Reservations to regulate cannabis laws within their reservation. The laws in the reservations are allowed to be different from state and federal laws. As with State and Territories, the Federal government will not intervene as long as the reservations regulate strict control over cannabis. Some domestic nations such as the Yakama Nation and the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council rejected the approval to allow cannabis on their reservation.[68]
2015: The Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) voted to legalize recreational cannabis on its territory.[69]

text: Opinion[edit]

text: Presidential[edit]

text: 2015: President Barack Obama declared his support of cannabis decriminalization but opposition to legalization.[70][71]

text: Public[edit]

text:
1969: Gallup first begins to poll the public on support for legalizing marijuana; the 1969 result was 12% in favor.[72]
2011: Gallup reported a record 50% of Americans surveyed supported legalization.[73]
2013: The Pew Research Center presented U.S. survey results that showed prohibition support as a minority position for the first time in four decades: 52% supported legalization.[74] Gallup reported a record 58% of Americans support nationwide legalization.[75]
2014: Research conducted by the Pew Research Center in February showed an increase in the percentage of legalization supporters, from 52% to 54%,[76] while the New York Times published its Editorial Boards series "High Time: An Editorial Series on Marijuana Legalization" in July.[77]
2015: Gallup reported a record 58% of Americans support marijuana legalization.[78]
2016: an October Gallup poll shows a record 60% of Americans in favor of legalizing recreational cannabis.[79]


document_title: Arjuna

question_text: who is called as savyasachi among pandavas of mahabharath

text: Arjuna

text: Etymology and other names

text: The name Arjuna has among its meanings "white","clear" and "silver".

text:
Bibhatsu (बीभत्सु) - one who always fights wars in a fair manner.
Dhananjaya (धनञ्जय) - one who brings prosperity and wealth in the region wherever he goes to.
Gandivadhanvan (गाण्डीवधन्वन्) - one who possessed the mighty bow named Gandiva which was created by Lord Brahma.
Gandivadhara (गाण्डीवधर) - Gandiva holder.
Gudakesha (गुडाकेश) - someone who have control over sleeps; also one who has curly hair.
Jishnu (जिष्णु) - triumphant.
Kapidhwaja (कपिध्वज) - having flag of Kapi (monkey) in his chariot. Lord Hanuman stayed on Arjuna's flag during Kurukshetra war.
Kiritin (किरीटिन्) - one who wears the celestial diadem, Kiriti, presented by Lord Indra.
Madhyapandava (मध्यपाण्डव) - the third of Pandavas, younger to Yudhisthira and Bhima and elder to Nakula and Sahadeva.
Parantapa (परन्तप) - one who concentrates the most.
Partha (पार्थ) - son of Pritha, also known as Kunti.
Phalguna (फाल्गुन) - one born under the star named Uttara Phalguni.
Savyasachin (सव्यसाचिन्) - ambidextrous, only Arjuna is expert in using both hands equally in archery.
Shvethavahana (श्वेतवाहन) - one with white horses mounted to his pure white chariot.
Vijaya (विजय) - always victorious or undefeated.

text: Birth and youth

text: Arjuna's birth is most celebrated one and he was born 9 months after the birth of krishna. A prophesy is said about his birth and so many gods attended to see him.[3]

text: After the death of Pandu (and Madri's subsequent sati), the Pandavas and their mother lived in Hastinapura, where they were brought up together with their cousins, the Kaurava brothers. Along with his brothers, Arjuna was trained in religion, science, administration and military arts by Bhishma, their granduncle.[4]

text: One day, when the princes were playing a game, they lost their ball in a well. When the rest of the children gave up the ball as being lost, Arjuna stayed behind trying to get it. A stranger came by and extracted the ball for him by making a chain of "sarkanda" (a wild grass). When an astonished Arjuna related the story to Bhishma, Bhishma realised that the stranger was none other than Drona. Bhishma asked Drona to become the Kuru princes' teacher. Seeking refuge from Panchala, Drona agreed.[5] Many asuras were killed by him.

text: Tutelage under Drona

text:
Under Drona's tutelage, the Kauravas and the Pandavas, along with the princes of Hastinapura's allies and vassals, learned weaponry. Arjuna became Drona's favorite and most accomplished pupil; specifically, he became a master in using the bow and the arrow. In a famous incident, Drona deemed that out of all his students, even his own son Ashwatthama, none but Arjuna had the steadfast focus to shoot the eye of a bird on a tree; he was proven right.[6]
One day, on being questioned by Ashwatthama; why was Drona being partial to Arjuna, Drona replied Arjuna that he was not being partial to any-one but his favourite was Arjuna. His intention was very clear that he loved Arjuna but didn't ill-treat anyone. He ordered Ashwatthama to gather all of his students including Ashwatthama to assemble at near by lake that evening. they did as Drona told. Drona was taking bath; suddenly a crocodile appeared attacking Drona. Nobody except Arjuna were dare to enter into lake. Arjuna then jumped into the lake & began attacking the mighty crocodile with bare hands. Suddenly crocodile disappeared. Drona told everyone that the crocodile was just illusion and created by himself to test all the princes & Ashwatthama. Drona also scolded the rest that they were not ready to save their teacher except Arjuna. Thus Drona proudly declared that Arjuna was his favourite and pet student.[7]

text: Marriage to Draupadi

text:
Pandavas secretly went from Varnavrat after saving themselves from an evil plan of Duryodhana, Shakuni and Karna.[8] Still in hiding, the Pandavas disguised themselves as brahmins and attended the Swayamvara of Panchala princess Draupadi. Out of all of the great kings and other Kaurava princes, only Arjuna was able to do the established challenge. The test is to lift, string, and fire Pinakin to pierce the eye of a golden fish whilst only looking at its reflection; Drupada had designed this test with Arjuna in mind. Like many other contenders Karna & Shalya also failed to lift the bow and sting it. [9] [10] At last Arjuna came forward and lifted his bow with just one hand and hit the target. Hence, he won Draupadi.[11] Later Karna attacked Arjuna out of jealousy but Arjuna easily defeated him then Karna asked about his real identity, Arjuna smiled and said that he was a Brahmin. Then Karna praised him by comparing him with Lord Vishnu. Arjuna threatened to kill Karna which made Karna flee from battlefield.
When the brothers returned with Draupadi, Pandavas joked to his mother that they had brought alms. Dismissively, and without looking because she was preoccupied, Kunti asked him to share it with his brothers. Holding his mother's orders as a divine command, he requested his elder brother to accept Draupadi. Draupadi had to marry all five of the Pandavas. Her five sons, one from each of the Pandava brothers, are known as the Upapandavas. Srutakarma is the son of Arjuna.

text: At this point in the Mahabharata, the Pandavas revealed that they were alive. With both Duryodhana and Yudhishthira being crown princes, tensions were high. Under Bhishma's advice, the kingdom is split, with the Kauravas getting Hastinapur and the Pandavas getting Khandavaprastha. Khandavaprastha, however, was an extremely underdeveloped land and had infertile soil, requiring extensive tilling, so the Pandavas set to work rebuilding the land by burning a thousand acres of forest. Their cousins Krishna and Balarama helped them.

text: Love of Lord Krishna for Arjuna

text: The friendship bond of Lord Krishna and Arjuna is the most celebrated bond in Hindu mythology followed by the bond of Lord Rama and Lord Hanuman. According to Mahabharata, Arjuna was the incarnation of Lord Nara who was the best friend of Lord Vishnu and along with Nara, Lord Vishnu defeated all the demons after the churning of Ocean Samudra Manthan. According to Lord Shiva, Nara and Lord Vishnu holds the whole universe and incarnates in every Yuga to end the evil and establish righteousness. The love of Lord Krishna for Arjuna is evident from Adi Parva where after the fight in Khandava forest instead of asking any weapon or power Lord Krishna asked Indra that his friendship with Arjuna will remain forever when the latter asked Lord Krishna to ask for a boon. Lord Krishna also described his love for Arjuna in Vana Parva by saying that whoever will hate Arjuna will hate Lord Krishna and whoever will follow Arjuna will follow Lord Krishna. He even said that nobody in the whole world is dearer to him than Arjuna and he can sacrifice anything including his sons, wives and citizens just for the sake of Arjuna. During his final conversation with his father Vasudeva he told him that he wants Arjuna to perform his last rites and also said that Lord Krishna is Arjuna and Arjuna is Lord Krishna. Such was the greatness of Arjuna that the supreme god Lord Krishna was ready to sacrifice anything for him.[12]

text: Burning of Khandava Vana

text: The story, this was the first time Arjuna meets Krishna. In any case, Khandavaprastha was where Arjuna and Krishna's friendship was truly forged. Once when roaming in the Khandava Vana, Arjuna and Krishna met the god of fire, Agni. Agni was in great hunger and needed to burn down the entire Khandava Vana to quench his hunger. But Takshaka, the serpent-king lived in the same forest and was a friend of Indra's. So the latter brought down heavy rains to thwart Agni's plans to burn the woods. Agni requested Krishna and Arjuna to help him realise his goal.[13]

text: Arjuna asked Agni for Gandiva as normal bows were not capable to bear the strength of his arms. The three of them then invoked Varuna, the God of the oceans, who blessed Arjuna with the Gandiva – the agni-moon bow created by Brahma. In this way, Arjuna came into possession of his famous bow. Agni also gave Arjuna an incandescent chariot with four horses yoked, and bearing a flag that would one-day be occupied by celestial apes of Vishwkarma.Arjuna also obtained his famous conch.[citation needed]

text: With Krishna using the Sudarshana Chakra[14]  Arjuna and Krishna waged a successful battle against Indra and helped Agni burn down the entire Khandava Vana. Indra's pride in Arjuna's success overcame his anger, and he bestowed greater powers on him. At last all gods, demons and snakes got defeated by Arjuna at this Khandava war.

text: Saving Mayasura

text: In their demolition of Khandava, Krishna and Arjuna had saved one demon, Mayasura to build their palace.[13] Thus owing Arjuna a favor, and after being so directed by Krishna, Mayasura said that he would build a palace for Yudhishtra. As Mayasura was a great architect of the Asuras, he soon constructed the Maya assembly hall – a gigantic palace for the Pandavas, filled with ancient books, artifacts, and jewels. This hall was famous for visual illusions. Thus, Khandavaprastha was renamed Indraprastha.[15]

text: Arjuna's Tirtha-yatra and Indraprastha

text: Arjuna violated Yudhishthira and Draupadi's privacy while they were playing the game of dice, as he had left the Gandiva in their room. Despite the understanding of all and being forgiven by both Yudhishthira and Draupadi, Arjuna accepted the punishment agreed with Narada and set off on a one-year tirtha-yatra. According to Narada, Arjuna must retire to forest and pass his days as Brahmacharin for a year, so he did.

text: Ulupi at Nagaloka

text: One day Arjuna was taking bath in nearby Ganga river flow. Suddenly a current in the river pulled down Arjuna. He fell through regions and reached a place. As soon as he opened eyes, he saw a beautiful woman standing in front of him. The woman introduced herself as Ulupi-the princess of Nagaloka. She also told Arjuna that the current was created by her in order to drag Arjuna to her land because she loved Arjuna very much as Arjuna was the greatest archer and extreme handsome person. Arjuna explained his situation. Ulupi told him that she knew everything. Soon Ulupi married Arjuna and he set-out to finish his pilgrimage. A son, namely Iravan was produced as the union of Arjuna and Ulupi.[16]

text: Chitrāngadā at Manipura

text: Arjuna visited other Tirthas in India, including Kalinga and the ashrams of the Saptarishis, Agastya, Vasishta and Bhrigu. He reached the palace of Manipur. Here he met King Chitravahana's daughter, Chitrāngadā. After seeing the beauty of Chitrāngadā, Arjuna fell in love with her and asked the king to let them marry. The king accepted Arjuna's proposal because Arjuna was extremely handsome, intelligent and attractive. According to the customs of Manipura the son of the princess would become the King of Manipura. It was mutual benefit for Arjuna since Draupadi didn’t want other woman equal to queen in Indraprastha. Soon a son was born to them namely Babruvahana.

text: Meeting Hanuman

text: Arjuna, after covering various shrines, arrived at Rameshwaram in the south. An age ago, Rama had established a Shivalinga here, seeking the blessings of Shiva before commencing his journey to Lanka to rescue his wife Sita. His army of monkeys and bears had constructed a bridge of stones and trees across the vast ocean. Arjuna gazed at the remains of this bridge that had survived. A thought struck him and he wondered aloud, "Why on Earth did a great archer like Rama have to rely on creatures like monkeys and bears to build a bridge? Why couldn't he have instead bridged the distance with arrows?" His fellow pilgrims shook their heads, clearly at a loss for an answer. Then, a small monkey who had been following the company for quite some distance replied Arjuna that Stalwarts like Sugreeva, Nala, Neela, Angada and Hanuman adorned their ranks. No bridge of arrows could have withstood their weight. The monkey added "Why, no bridge of arrows could even withstand my weight, puny as I am!" Arjuna was quick to take up what he perceived as an implied challenge. "Let us have a wager. I shall lay down a bridge of arrows. I am willing to burn myself if it fails to bear your weight." The monkey agreed. Arjuna, taking the aid of his famed quiver of inexhaustible arrows, laid down a bridge across the ocean. The monkey jumped onto it and no sooner had he walked ten paces than the bridge collapsed. Arjuna helped the monkey out of the water and asked for another attempt. The monkey agreed. Arjuna constructed another bridge, this time laying his arrows closer to each other, and asked the monkey to try again. The monkey set out on the bridge in the direction of the island of Lanka yet again but the bridge collapsed. Arjuna was ashamed of himself. Not wasting any more time, he prepared a pyre and was about to step into it and give up his life, in accordance with the terms of the wager when a youth held him back and stopped him. "What were you about to do, o mighty prince?", asked the boy, surprised. "I was given a challenge and I failed. I do not wish to continue with this life now that I have faced such great shame", replied Arjuna. The boy was aghast. "But was there an adjudicator? Who was there to see if the challenger was playing fair? A contest without a judge is meaningless. Pray construct another bridge and this time, I shall be the judge." Neither Arjuna, nor the monkey could refute the boy's argument and so they got ready for a third round. Infused with some confidence, Arjuna built a third bridge, using every bit of his ingenuity. "There! Try crossing it now", he said to the monkey. The monkey happily obliged. He walked on, but the bridge was still solid. "He must have locked the arrows together better this time", thought the monkey to himself. He began to jump on the bridge but it did not collapse. It stayed strong. The monkey was surprised. "Let me take on the form I took while leaping across the ocean", he thought and lo! He was large as a mountain now. Arjuna was awestruck when he saw that his challenger was none other than the great Hanuman himself. He bowed his head in reverence, realizing that sooner or later his bridge would succumb to the strength of the great monkey. He was humbled. The bridge did not collapse. Not even under the weight of the now gigantic Hanuman. Arjuna was nonplussed. He could not comprehend what was happening. There seemed to be no logical explanation as to why the bridge hadn't broken yet. Apparently, Hanuman couldn't fathom things either. He began jumping on the bridge but it still wouldn't yield. All the while the boy was smiling. In a moment of enlightenment, it struck both participants of the contest that their adjudicator was no ordinary boy. Arjuna and Hanuman fell at his feet and then Vishnu was standing before them. "I am Rama, and I am Krishna. I protected your bridge from collapsing, Arjuna. Vanity and pride undo the best of men. Dear Hanuman, you should have known better than to humiliate Arjuna thus. He is a fine warrior, one of the best of his times. How could you drive him into giving up his life?" Arjuna and Hanuman sought the Lord's forgiveness and He blessed them. "As an act of remorse, I shall stabilize and protect your chariot in the great battle that is imminent.", said Hanuman. "So be it. You shall be present on the banner of Arjuna's chariot when he rides out to do battle in the great war of his age that is to come."[17]

text: Reaching Dwarka and Subhadra

text: Arjuna moved to other Tirthas, including the southern regions in Kerala. Finally he reached Dwarka, the place where his cousin Krishna resided. Arjuna had, in his childhood, heard about Krishna's sister, Subhadra. Krishna, wishing to further tie their families, knew of Arjuna's visit and devised a plan to arrange their meeting. Accordingly, Arjuna disguised himself as a Yati and stayed at Krishna's palace. Arjuna was attracted to Subhadra and desired to marry her, Krishna understood Arjuna's intention and advised him to kidnap Subhadra then Arjuna kidnapped Subhadra and married with her. After this Balarama became furious upon learning of the abduction but was pacified by Vasudeva, his father, because Lord Krishna knew that whole Dwarka warriors can not defeat Arjuna alone as Arjun was invicible and undefeatable in battle.[18] The couple stayed in Dwaraka for a year, and then another year in Pushkar. However, Draupadi had made it clear that no other Pandava wife would be allowed to stay in her city, so Arjuna, as Krishna had advised, tricked Draupadi into meeting Subhadra as a milkmaid. Draupadi realized she had been tricked, but she forgave Subhadra and let her stay in Indraprastha, allowing her to keep company with Arjuna in the four years when he was not with Draupadi. In due course, the union of Arjuna and Subhadra produced a son, Abhimanyu.[19][20]

text: Krishna-Arjuna war

text:
Gaya, a Gandharva king, while moving across the skies, spits the pan down his divine plane. It falls into the open palms of Sri Krishna, offering prayers to Sun god Surya. Sri Krishna gets very angry and vows to kill him. Gaya is a great devotee of Krishna. Krishna could not take back his vow. Narada advises Gaya to approach Arjuna and first seek his assurance of protecting him, before revealing about the person set to take his life. As per Narada's advice, the king takes Arjuna's promise for his protection before revealing Krishna's vow to kill him. Arjuna, though surprised, sticks to his word to Gaya. Both Arjuna and Krishna feel very sad about the situation that each of them is going to fight against the most beloved ones. Any number of dialogues between both sides makes no dent in the situation. Intervention of Subhadra, Narada, Rukmini, Satyabhama and others fail resulting in direct combat.
War breaks-out and Krishna v/s Arjuna archery-duel starts. Both of them go into fierce fight. The weapons and astras used by both cause heavy destruction. Because Krishna had Kodanda and Arjuna had Gandiva. Both are undefeatable and none of them gets injured. Finally Krishna uses Sudarshana chakra & Arjuna uses Brahmastra. Lord Shiva appears before them and asks them to withdraw their respective destructive weapons to prevent disaster to the world. Krishna explained the intention behind fighting against Arjuna. Many of people including Balarama complained that Krishna was partial to Pandavas. Through this he proved that he was not partial to any-one but to justice. Also he meant that Krishna & Arjuna were equal & the same. He meant that Pandavas were right followers of justice, Arjuna being the most sincere person and that's the reason why he loved them and especially Arjuna very much.[21]

text: Conquest for Rajasuya

text: Arjuna was sent south by Yudhishthira to subjugate kingdoms for the Rajasuya Yagya, so that he could be crowned Emperor of Indraprastha. The Mahabharata mentions several kingdoms to the north of Indraprastha which were conquered (or otherwise peacefully bent-the-knee) by Arjuna.[22] In this conquest Arjuna had conquered Northern kurus which was the territory of Lord Indra,[23] It was really the difficult feats for any warrior but Arjuna easily achieved many feats in Rajasuya conquest.

text: Exile

text: After Yudhishthira succumbed to Shakuni's challenge in the game of dice, the Pandavas were forced to be in exile for 13 years, which included one year in anonymity.

text: Fight with Chitrasena

text: After Pandavas lost in dice game and went on for exile, Duryodhana planned to humiliate Pandavas by showing them the luxuries enjoyed by all Kauravas and Karna. So all of them had set to forest where Pandavas were living. In the course of Journey Duryodhana abducted a lady without knowing that she was a Gandharva. Then Gandharvas attacked entire Kauravas and Karna. Karna tried to run away from battle after getting defeated by Chitrasena,[24] At last Gandharvas captured all the Kauravas and Karna. On knowing this Yudhishtira asks Arjuna to free them since its Hastinapur which would be insulted. Arjuna followed his eldest brother’s order and defeated Chitrasena. During the fight with Chitrasena, Arjuna had performed extremely impossible feats as he killed 10 lakh Gandharvas(4.5 akshouni) in single shot by using Agneyastra.[25] Apart from Arjuna, no warrior ever achieved this impossible feats even in dream. Immediately Chitrasena granted Sammohana astra to Arjuna after being impressed by Arjuna's bravery & warrior skills.

text: Penance for Pashupatastra

text: After the battle at Khandava Indra had promised Arjuna to give him all his weapons as a boon for matching him in battle with the requirement that Shiva is pleased with him. Following the advice of Yudhishtira to go on a meditation or "tapasya" to attain this divine weapon, Arjuna left his brothers for a penance.

text: Arjuna traveled for a while before reaching the mountain Indra keeladri, Vijayawada. Here he sat in meditation in the name of Lord Shiva. Arjuna managed to please Lord Shiva by his severe penance in just months because his penance generated so much intense heat that was unbearable to all living creatures of earth which ultimately forced Lord Shiva to come to earth.[26] Shiva appeared soon enough in the guise of a hunter, who challenged Arjuna to a fight. In that fierce battle even 8 forms of Lord Shiva failed to defeat Arjuna,[27] At last Arjuna gratified Mahadeva in battle by showing his prowess then Hunter(Shiva) transformed himself to show his real avatar and blessed Arjuna with the Pashupatastra. Shiva lectures Arjuna on the abilities of the weapon, as well as the judgement he must use while wielding it. It is said that, apart from Lord Shiva and Arjuna no one possessed Pasupata weapon which was capable to destroy whole world.[28]

text: Visit to heaven

text: After Shiva left, the Lokapalas appeared before Arjuna and then Kubera, Yama, and Varuna also blessed each of their potent weapons to Arjuna. Indra then invited his son to his palace in heaven.

text: Arjuna was amazed at the splendor of his father's palace at Amaravati. Dancers like Urvashi, Tilottama, Rambha and Menaka entertained him. There was a huge banquet serving different varieties of heavenly dishes. Arjuna learnt song and dance from the Gandharva, Chitrasena and Indra himself taught him all the divine weapons and also gave him his Vajra. All other divine gods also gave their celestial astras to Arjuna.[29]

text: Nivata-kavachas and Hiranyapura

text: Arjuna got the opportunity to test his skill when Indra asked him to defeat his enemy as the price of his training. Arjuna was taken to the palace of the Nivata-kavachas, a tribe of Asuras who had a magnificent palace under the oceans. Arjuna used the Mohini-astra and the Madhava-astra to demolish these asuras.

text: He was also taken to Hiranyapura, a palace in the sky created by a witch Puloma and his asura tribe of the Kalakanjas. Here Arjuna uses the Raudra-astra and annihilates the demons.[30]

text: At Virata's Kingdom

text: Along with his brothers, Arjuna spent his last year of exile in the kingdom of Matsya. This is the place where Urvashi's curse is implemented and Arjuna becomes a eunuch called Brihannala (within themselves Pandavas called him Vijaya).[31] At the palace, he teaches song and dance, qualities he had learnt from Chitrasena [King of the Gandharvas in Devalok], to the King Virata's daughter, Uttarā. Later, Arjuna arranges for Uttara to become his daughter-in-law by marrying his son Abhimanyu to her. At the same time, he prevents Subhadra from marrying Abhimanyu to Balarama's daughter Vatsala, as the Kurus find marriages between cousins taboo. But Arjuna and Subhadra are cousins too since Kunti (Arjun's Mother) and Vasudeva (Subhadra's father) are brother and sister.

text: Hearing about the death of Kichaka, Duryodhana surmises that the Pandavas were hiding in Matsya. A host of Kaurava warriors attack Virata, presumably to steal their cattle, but in reality, desiring to pierce the Pandavas' veil of anonymity. Full of bravado, Virata's son Uttar attempts to take on the army by himself while the rest of the Matsya army has been lured away to fight Susharma and the Trigartas. As suggested by Draupadi, Uttar takes Brihannala with him, as his charioteer. When he sees the Kaurava army, Uttar loses his nerve and attempts to flee. There, Arjuna reveals his identity and those of his brothers'. Switching places with Uttar, Arjuna takes up the Gandiva and Devadatta. Eager to defend the land that had given him refuge, Arjuna engaged the legion of Kaurava warriors. All the warriors including Bhisma, Drona, Karna, Kripa and Ashwthama together attacked Arjuna to kill him but Arjuna defeated all of them multiple times.[32] During the battle Arjuna also killed Sangramjit the foster brother of Karna and instead of taking the revenge of his brother, Karna took heroice flight in order to save his life from Arjuna.[33]

text: Abhimanyu's marriage

text: Arjuna saved Matsya kingdom from Kurus and brought back all the cattle, sheep etc. As a gratitude Virata king offered his daughter to Arjuna. Arjuna replied Virata king gently that he had taught dance to Uttara. So he was a teacher to Uttara, a teacher treat a student as a child but not as a spouse. Arjuna suggested Virata King to marry Uttara to his son Abhimanyu. Virata king was very much pleased with this offer. In some versions, it is also said that Abhimanyu and Uttara were already in love as Abhimanyu already met Uttara while he was in search of his parents who were in exile. This was noticed by Draupadi and Yudhishtira. Everybody in Dwaraka agreed Arjuna's proposal and soon Balarama with his wife; Krishna with Rukmini; Arjuna, Subhadra and Abhimanyu reached Matsya kingdom. Abhimanyu married Uttara very soon; four months before the commencement of the war.[34] Before the war on one day; Krishna took a promise from Arjuna that Arjuna won't use any divine weapons obtained in heaven. Thus Arjuna fought war without using celestial weapons granted by Lord Indra and other divine gods.

text: Kurukshetra War

text: Bhagavad Gita

text: As the battle draws close, Arjuna is overcome with self-doubt about the righteousness of the war against his own kith and kin. He is distraught at the thought of having to fight with his friends and family such as his dear teacher, Drona and grandsire Bhishma. It was then that Krishna took charge and explained the necessity and inevitability of the war to Arjuna. This conversation is a key part of the Mahabharata known as Bhagavad gita, and is considered as a holy scripture of Hinduism.

text: Arjuna plays the role of the reader in the Bhagavad Gita. As Krishna dispenses the advice, Arjuna asks the questions.The Bhagavad Gita primarily takes the form of philosophical dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Krishna.

text: Battles fought at Kurukshetra

text: Arjuna was a key Pandava warrior and played a huge role in the Pandava victory in the Kurukshetra war. Lord Hanuman stayed on Arjuna’s chariot flag.

text: Some of the crucial battles fought by Arjuna are as follows:

text:
Fall of Bhishma: According to original Mahabharat Arjuna fairly killed Bhishma on 10th day of kuru war, Shikhandi does not have any role in the matter, though as per one narrative it is Shikhandi who killed Bhishma.
Death of Bhagadatta: On the 12th day of the war, Arjuna killed Bhagadatta.
Killing of the Trigartas: On 17th day of war, Arjuna killed all the Trigartas.
Death of Jayadratha: Arjuna held Jayadratha responsible for Abhimanyu's death on the 13th day of the war. He vowed to kill him the very next day before sunset, failing which he would kill himself by jumping in a pyre.The Kauravas hid Jayadratha from Arjuna in a formation, knowing that Arjuna's death would result in a Kaurava victory.  Finally Arjuna defeated all protector of Jaydratha including Karna and Ashwatthama and beheaded Jayadratha and made his arrows to carry away Jayadratha's head.[35] This was because Jayadratha had a boon from his father that whoever would be responsible for his head falling to the ground would have his own head blown up. That is why Arjuna carried the severed head of Jayadratha to his father, who was awoken from his meditation by the sudden landing of a severed head on his body and since he ended up dropping it to the ground, he had his head blown up.[36]
Death of Karna: The battle between the two continued fiercely. Finally Arjuna killed Karna on 17th day using Anjalikastra.

text: Conquest for Ashvamedha

text:
After the conclusion of the war, the Pandavas take charge of Hastinapura, the undivided realm of their ancestors. Yudhishira appointed Arjuna as the Yuvaraj of Hastinapura.[37]
Yudhishthira decided to hold the Ashvamedha Yagna, or "horse sacrifice", to grant them the title of Chakravarti ("Emperor"). Arjuna led the armed forces which followed the horse around its random wanderings. He received the submission of many kings, either without or following an armed confrontation. He was thus instrumental in the expansion of the Pandava domains. Arjuna was the only warrior who alone conquered whole word in Mahabharat, Apart from Arjuna no one warrior ever achieved this feats. In the Ashvamedha Yagna, the horse was stopped by Babruvahana. He defeated Bhima and killed Vrishaketu without knowing that they are his relatives and he was the son of Arjuna. Arjuna fought with Babruvahana and went on upper hand since Arjuna was invincible. Arjuna defeated Babruvahana & went to collect his horse. Babruvahana, out of guilt, used the divine weapon (given by Goddess river Ganga) to kill Arjuna when Arjuna was unarmed. This divine weapon would kill any person even monstrous demons. Soon Arjuna got killed and the news reached Chitrāngadā. She scolded him and revealed the truth that he was the son of Arjuna. With the help of Ulupi, Arjuna’s life was restored by a gem called Nagamani. Arjuna was very impressed with his son’s bravery.

text: Arjuna built the Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple during his conquest in South India. Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple is one of the "Divya Desams", the 108 temples of Vishnu revered by the 12 poet saints, or Alwars[38] located near Aranmula, a village in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, South India.

text: Death

text: After Sri Krishna left his mortal body, Arjuna took the citizens of Dwaraka, including 16,100 wives of Krishna, to Indraprastha. On the way, they were attacked by a group of bandits. Arjuna desisted fighting seeing the law of time.

text: Upon the onset of the Kali yuga and acting on the advice of Vyasa, Arjuna and other Pandavas retired, leaving the throne to their only descendant to survive the war of Kurukshetra, Arjuna's grandson Parikshit. Giving up all their belongings and ties, the Pandavas, accompanied by a dog, made their final journey of pilgrimage to the Himalayas. It is also to be noted that the listener of the Mahabharata is Janamejaya, Parikshit's son.[39]

text: Except for Yudhishthira, all of the Pandavas grew weak and died before reaching heaven (only Yudhishthira is allowed to keep his mortal body). Arjuna was the fourth one to fall after Draupadi, Sahadeva and Nakula. When Bhima asks Yudhishthira why Arjuna isn't permitted the same, the reason given is Arjuna's over confidence in his skills. Draupadi also falls because while she claimed to love all the Pandavas equally, she had a soft spot for Arjuna . Bhima was the fifth to fall after Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva. The reason why Bhima fell is because he enjoyed the sufferings of other people. People may cause suffering sometimes, but not allowed to enjoy them. Nakula fell because he liked his appearance a lot instead of being royal. Arjuna fell because of the over confidence in his skills.[40]

text: Astras possessed by Arjuna

text:
Astra
Deity
Effect
possessed by

Anjalikastra
Indra
Arjuna killed Karna using this astra.[41]
Arjuna, Lakshmana

Suryastra
Surya, God of the Sun
Creates a dazzling light that would dispel any darkness about and dry up water bodies.
Arjuna & Hanuman

Jyotiksha Astra
Surya, god of the Sun
The Jyotiksha Astra could brighten a dark area.
Arjuna & Hanuman

Chandrastra
Chandra, god of the Moon
This Astra could intensify the brightness such that opponents fail to see the things happening around.
Arjuna & Abhimanyu

Indraastra
Indra, King of Gods
Would bring about a 'shower' of arrows from the sky.
Arjuna and Indrajit

Bhaumastra
Bhūmi, Goddess of Earth
The weapon could create tunnels deep into the earth and summon jewels.
Arjuna and Rama

Nagapasha
The Nagas
Upon impact, this weapon would bind the target in coils of living venomous snakes.
Indrajit & Arjuna

Garudastra
Garuda
A weapon that can defend against Nagaastra when attacked by the opponents.[42]
Rama & Arjuna

Sauparna

The Sauparna weapon would release crazy birds. Hence, it was a good counter to the Nagastra.
Only Arjuna

Agneyastra
Agni, God of Fire
The weapon discharged would emit flames inextinguishable through normal means.
Rama and Arjuna

Varunastra
Varuna, God of Water
The weapon discharged would release torrential volumes of water. This weapon is commonly mentioned as used to counter the Agneyastra.
Arjuna, Rama, Hanuman & Krishna.

Vayvayastra
Vayu, God of Wind
Brings about a gale capable of lifting armies off the ground.
Arjuna & Hanuman

Visoshanastra
Indra, King of gods
The Visoshana was the drying weapon. It could dry anything. It was an amazing counter to the Varunastra.
Only Arjuna

Sailastra
Indra, King of gods
The Sailastra was used to make heavy winds disappear, meaning it was the counter to Vayvayastra, the wind weapon.
Only Arjuna

Sammohana astra
Gandharvas
Would cause entire hosts/armies to collapse in a trance, causes unconsciousness.
Arjuna & Indrajit

Prajnastra

This weapon was used to restore the senses and thoughts of someone. It was a good counter to the Antardhana Astra and the Sammohana.
Indrajit, Drona & Arjuna

Antardhana Astra
Kubera, god of wealth
The Antardhana Astra would make things, people or entire places disappear.
Only Arjuna

Sabda-veda astra

This weapon prevents an opponent from turning invisible. Used by Arjuna against the Ghandarva king Chitrasena.
Arjuna & Krishna

Vajra
Indra, God of Weather
Target would be struck with bolts of lightning (vajra referring to Indra's thunderbolt). [43]
Rama & Arjuna

Twashtar Astra
Twashtri, the Heavenly Builder
When used against a group of opponents (such as an army), would cause them to mistake each other for enemies and fight each other.
Only Arjuna

Brahmaastra
Brahma
Would destroy entire hosts at once and could also counter most other astras.
Parashurama, Bhishma, Drona, Arjuna, Krishna, Karna, Kripa, Ashwatthama,  Rama, Lakshmana, Hanuman, Ravana , Indrajit

Mohini Astra
Mohini, an Avatar of Vishnu
Dispel any form of maya or sorcery in the vicinity.
Only Arjuna

Rudra Astra
Shiva, the Destroyer
Very destructive in nature and Arjuna obtained this weapon from Lord Shiva,[44] [45]
Rama, Ravana & Arjuna

Brahmashirsha astra
Brahma
Capable of killing devas.
Drona, Ashwatthama, Arjuna & Ravana

Vaishnavastra
Vishnu, the Preserver
Would destroy target completely, irrespective of target's nature.  Infallible. Krishna shared it with Arjuna [46]
Rama, Krishna & Arjuna

Pashupatastra
Shiva
The most powerful weapons among all the astras. It summons a larger number of monsters and a huge spirit which personifies the weapon. Would destroy target completely, irrespective of target's nature. This astra was capable to destroy whole world. [47] Vishwamitra and Rama too had this weapon [48].
Rama & Arjuna

tag: table

text: Chaubis Avtar

text: Arjuna is considered as 22th avtar of Lord Vishnu in chaubis avtar, a composition in Dasam Granth traditionally and historically attributed to Guru Gobind Singh.[49]

text: In popular culture

text: Arjuna is a popular choice of name for a Hindu male child in the Indian subcontinent. As told in the verses in Harivamsha or Harivamsha Purana, the name Arjuna is cursed by the sage Parashurama. After the defeat of the mighty and evil king Kartavirya Arjuna or otherwise called Sahasra Arjuna, Sage Parashurama pronounced the curse that whoever holds the name Arjuna will never become a king and always be a servant of others.[50]

text: Modern references

text: Arjuna's extraordinary talents and skills have made him a common name in popular culture.

text:
The American astronomer Tom Gehrels named a class of asteroids with low inclination, low eccentricity and earth-like orbital period as Arjuna asteroids.[51][52][53]
The Arjuna Award is presented every year in India to one talented sportsman in every national sport.
Arjun is a third generation main battle tank developed for the Indian Army.
Mayilpeeli Thookkam is a ritual art of dance performed in the temples of Kerala. It is also known as Arjuna Nrithyam (lit. Arjuna's dance) as a tribute to his dancing abilities.

text: There have been a serial and a film based on Arjuna's life and exploits.

text:
Earth Maiden Arjuna is a Japanese animated television series created by Shoji Kawamori. This series is based on Arjuna and the Mahabharata. Arjuna: Into the Another World is the soundtrack produced for the series.
Arjun: The Warrior Prince is a 2012 mythological action film narrating the events in Arjuna's life.
"Arjuna" is a character in Orson Scott Card's "Earth Afire" and "Earth Awakens" made in 2013 and 2014 respectively.

text: Additionally, the protagonist in Steven Pressfield's book The Legend of Bagger Vance, Rannulph Junuh, is based in part on Arjuna (R. Junuh).[54]

text: Arjuna is also an Archer class Servant in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order. He is a minor antagonist in the E Pluribus Unum story chapter, where he wishes to fight Karna again.

text: In modern television

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In B.R.Chopra's Mahabharat, Arjuna's role is played by Arjun (Firoz Khan).

text: In 2013 Mahabharat television series, Arjuna is portrayed by Shaheer Sheikh.

text: Mani Ratnam's 1991 blockbuster Thalapathi was loosely based on the Mahabharata. In the film, Arvind Swamy's character was loosely based on Arjuna.

text: In Dharmakshetra 2014, actor Ankit Arora portrayed Arjuna.

text: In 2015 Sony TV serial Suryaputra Karn, actor Navi bhangu played the role of Arjuna.

text: In Nagarjuna 2015 serial, Rahul Sharma (actor) played Arjuna.

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ "Mahadeva praising Arjuna".

Jump up ^ https://mythgyaan.com/different-names-of-arjun-mahabharat/

Jump up ^ "Describes Arjuna birth".

Jump up ^ Johnson, W. J (2009). "A Dictionary of Hinduism". Oxford Reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198610250.001.0001. (Subscription required (help)). (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Jump up ^ Leeming, W. J (2009). "The Oxford Companion to World Mythology". Oxford Reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195156690.001.0001. (Subscription required (help)). (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Jump up ^ Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2001). Encyclopaedic dictionary of Purāṇas (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 512–513. ISBN 9788176252263.

Jump up ^ http://www.hotstar.com/tv/mahabharat/435/arjun-saves-dronacharya/1000011813

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Jatugriha Parva: Section CLII". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01190.htm

Jump up ^ "Failure of Karna in Draupadi syamwara".

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 1: Chapter 179". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "Love of Lord Krishna for Arjuna".

^ Jump up to: a b Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa. Teddington, Middlesex: The Echo Library. 2008. pp. 518–520. ISBN 9781406870459.

Jump up ^ Menon, [translated by] Ramesh (2006). The Mahabharata : a modern rendering. New York: iUniverse, Inc. pp. 302–304. ISBN 9780595401871.

Jump up ^ Verma, retold by Virendra; Verma, Shanti (1989). The Mahābhārata : (the great epic of ancient India). New Delhi: Pitambar Pub. Co. p. 28. ISBN 9788120907324.

Jump up ^ http://hindumythologyforgennext.blogspot.com/2012/05/arjuna-and-uloopi-part-1-of-2.html

Jump up ^ http://talesfrommythology.blogspot.com/2011/03/hanuman-in-mahabharata.html

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Subhadra-harana Parva: Section CCXXII". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "Mahabharata Text".

Jump up ^ "Mahabharata Text".

Jump up ^ "Gayopakhyanam" written by Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham

Jump up ^ "Mahabharata Text".

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Jarasandhta-badha Parva: Section XXVII". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "Karna fled from Chitrasena".

Jump up ^ "Arjuna killed 1 million Gandharvas in single shot".

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Kairata Parva: Section XXXVIII". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Indralokagamana Parva: Section XLIX". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Kairata Parva: Section XL". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Indralokagamana Parva: Section XLIV". Retrieved 3 August 2016.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section CLXXII". Retrieved 3 August 2016.

Jump up ^ Kapoor, edited by Subodh (2002). The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific (1st ed.). New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. p. 4462. ISBN 9788177552577.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 4: Virata Parva: Go-harana Parva: Section LXI". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 4: Virata Parva: Go-harana Parva: Section LIV". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ "King Virata offered his daughter Uttara to Arjuna".

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Jayadratha-Vadha Parva: Section CXLIV". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.

Jump up ^ Kisori Mohan Ganguly translation of Mahabharat P-321 Drona Parv, Chapter 146

Jump up ^ "Mahabharata Text".

Jump up ^ 108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Malai Nadu and Vada Nadu. M. S. Ramesh, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam.

Jump up ^ Bowker, John (2000). "The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions". Oxford Reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780192800947.001.0001. (Subscription required (help)). (subscription or UK public library membership required)

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 17: Mahaprasthanika Parva: Section 2". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 23 March 2015.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 8: Chapter 67". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-11.

Jump up ^ http://www.valmikiramayan.net/yuddha/sarga102/yuddha_102_frame.htm

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Tirtha-yatra Parva: Section CLXXI". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-11.

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 4: Virata Parva: Go-harana Parva: Section LXI". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-11.

Jump up ^ http://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/yuddha/sarga67/yuddha_67_frame.htm

Jump up ^ http://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/baala/sarga76/bala_76_frame.htm

Jump up ^ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Kairata Parva: Section XL". www.sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2018-01-11.

Jump up ^ http://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/baala/sarga56/bala_56_prose.htm

Jump up ^ "Chaubis Avtar". Wikipedia. 2018-01-15.

Jump up ^ Ramachandrashastri, K.S (1936). Harivamsha. Pune: Chitrashala Press.

Jump up ^ S. Lewis, John (1996). Rain of iron and ice: the very real threat of comet and asteroid bombardment. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. pp. 82–83.

Jump up ^ Lee, Ricky J. Law and regulation of commercial mining of minerals in outer space. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 9789400720398.

Jump up ^ de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (12 February 2015). "Geometric characterization of the Arjuna orbital domain". Astronomische Nachrichten. 336 (1): 5–22. arXiv:1410.4104. Bibcode:2015AN....336....5D. doi:10.1002/asna.201412133.

Jump up ^ Gita on the Green: The Mystical Tradition Behind Bagger Vance – Steven Rosen – Google Boeken. Books.google.com. 2002-05-30. ISBN 9780826413659. Retrieved 2013-08-09.

tag: ol

text: Bibliography

text:
hidevteMahabharataBooks (parvas)
Adi
Sabha
Vana
Virata
Udyoga
Bhishma
Drona
Karna
Shalya
Sauptika
Stri
Shanti
Anushasana
Ashvamedhika
Ashramavasika
Mausala
Mahaprasthanika
Svargarohana
Harivamsa
Kuru Kingdom
Shantanu
Ganga
Bhishma
Satyavati
Chitrāngada
Vichitravirya
Ambika
Ambalika
Vidura
Dhritarashtra
Gandhari
Pandu
Kunti
Madri
Pandavas
Yudhisthira
Bhima
Arjuna
Nakula
Sahadeva
Draupadi
Kauravas
Duryodhana
Dushasana
Vikarna
Yuyutsu
Dushala
Hidimbi
Ghatotkacha
Ahilawati
Subhadra
Uttarā
Ulupi
Chitrāngadā
Abhimanyu
Iravan
Babruvahana
Barbarika
Upapandavas
Parikshit
Janamejaya
Other characters
Amba
Ashwatthama
Balarama
Bhagadatta
Brihannala
Chitrasena
Dhrishtadyumna
Drona
Drupada
Durvasa
Ekalavya
Hidimba
Jarasandha
Jayadratha
Kali (demon)
Karna
Kichaka
Kindama
Kripa
Krishna
Kritavarma
Mayasura
Sanjaya
Satyaki
Shakuni
Shalya
Shikhandi
Shishupala
Bahlika
Sudeshna
Uttara Kumara
Virata
Vrishasena
Vyasa
Related articles
Avatars
Hastinapur
Indraprastha
Kingdoms
Kurukshetra War
Bhagavad Gita
Vedic-Puranic chronology
Category

text: Characters in the MahabharataPeople related to KrishnaEntering Heaven alive

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