document_title: History of Anglo-Saxon England

question_text: who occupied the british isles before the coming of the anglo-saxons

text: History of Anglo-Saxon England

text: Terminology[edit]

text: Bede completed his book Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People) in around 731. Thus the term for English people (Latin: gens Anglorum; Anglo-Saxon: Anglecynn) was in use by then to distinguish Germanic groups in Britain from those on the continent (Old Saxony in Northern Germany).[1][a] The term 'Anglo-Saxon' came in practice in the 8th century (probably by Paul the Deacon) to distinguish English Saxons from continental Saxons (Ealdseaxe, 'old' Saxons).

text: The historian James Campbell suggested that it was not until the late Anglo-Saxon period that England could be described as a nation state.[2] It is certain that the concept of "Englishness" only developed very slowly.[3][4]

text: Historical context[edit]

text: As the Roman occupation of Britain was coming to an end, Constantine III withdrew the remains of the army, in reaction to the barbarian invasion of Europe.[5][6] The Romano-British leaders were faced with an increasing security problem from seaborne raids, particularly by Picts on the East coast of England.[7] The expedient adopted by the Romano-British leaders was to enlist the help of Anglo-Saxon mercenaries (known as foederati), to whom they ceded territory.[7][8] In about 442 the Anglo-Saxons mutinied, apparently because they had not been paid.[9] The Romano-British responded by appealing to the Roman commander of the Western empire, Aëtius for help (a document known as the Groans of the Britons), even though Honorius, the Western Roman Emperor, had written to the British civitas in or about 410 telling them to look to their own defence.[10][11][12][13] There then followed several years of fighting between the British and the Anglo-Saxons.[14] The fighting continued until around 500, when, at the Battle of Mount Badon, the Britons inflicted a severe defeat on the Anglo-Saxons.[15]

text: Migration and the formation of kingdoms (400–600)[edit]

text: There are records of Germanic infiltration into Britain that date before the collapse of the Roman Empire.[16] It is believed that the earliest Germanic visitors were eight cohorts of Batavians attached to the 14th Legion in the original invasion force under Aulus Plautius in AD 43.[16][17][18] There is a recent hypothesis that some of the native tribes, identified as Britons by the Romans, may have been Germanic-language speakers, but most scholars disagree with this due to a lack of evidence in Roman-period evidence for local languages.[19][20][21]

text: It was quite common for Rome to swell its legions with foederati recruited from the German homelands.[22] This practice also extended to the army serving in Britain, and graves of these mercenaries, along with their families, can be identified in the Roman cemeteries of the period.[23] The migration continued with the departure of the Roman army, when Anglo-Saxons were recruited to defend Britain; and also during the period of the Anglo-Saxon first rebellion of 442.[24]

text: If the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is to be believed, the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which eventually merged to become England were founded when small fleets of three or five ships of invaders arrived at various points around the coast of England to fight the Sub-Roman British, and conquered their lands.[25] The language of the migrants, Old English, came over the next few centuries to predominate throughout what is now England, at the expense of British Celtic and British Latin.

text: The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons into Britain can be seen in the context of a general movement of Germanic peoples around Europe between the years 300 and 700, known as the Migration period (also called the Barbarian Invasions or Völkerwanderung). In the same period there were migrations of Britons to the Armorican peninsula (Brittany and Normandy in modern-day France): initially around 383 during Roman rule, but also c. 460 and in the 540s and 550s; the 460s migration is thought to be a reaction to the fighting during the Anglo-Saxon mutiny between about 450 to 500, as was the migration to Britonia (modern day Galicia, in northwest Spain) at about the same time.[26] The historian Peter Hunter-Blair expounded what is now regarded as the traditional view of the Anglo-Saxon arrival in Britain.[27] He suggested a mass immigration, fighting and driving the Sub-Roman Britons off their land and into the western extremities of the islands, and into the Breton and Iberian peninsulas.[28] This view was probably influenced by sources such as Bede, where he talks about the Britons being slaughtered or going into "perpetual servitude".[29] According to Härke the more modern view is of co-existence between the British and the Anglo-Saxons.[30][31][32] He suggests that several modern archaeologists have now re-assessed the invasion model, they have developed a co-existence model largely based on the Laws of Ine. The laws include several clauses that provide six different wergild levels for the Britons, of which four are below that of freeman.[33] Although it was possible for the Britons to be rich freemen, in Anglo-Saxon society, generally it seems that they had a lower status than that of the Anglo-Saxons.[32][33]

text: Discussions and analysis still continue on the size of the migration, and whether it was a small elite band of Anglo-Saxons who came in and took over the running of the country, or a mass migration of peoples who overwhelmed the Britons.[34][35][36][37]

text: According to Gildas, initial vigorous British resistance was led by a man called Ambrosius Aurelianus,[38] from which time victory fluctuated between the two nations. Gildas records a "final" victory of the Britons at the Battle of Mount Badon in c. 500, and this might mark a point at which Anglo-Saxon migration was temporarily stemmed.[15] Gildas said that this battle was "forty-four years and one month" after the arrival of the Saxons, and was also the year of his birth.[15] He said that a time of great prosperity followed.[15] But, despite the lull, the Anglo-Saxons took control of Sussex, Kent, East Anglia and part of Yorkshire; while the West Saxons founded a kingdom in Hampshire under the leadership of Cerdic, around 520.[39] However, it was to be 50 years before the Anglo-Saxons began further major advances.[39] In the intervening years the Britons exhausted themselves with civil war, internal disputes, and general unrest: which was the inspiration behind Gildas's book De Excidio Britanniae (The Ruin of Britain).[40]

text: The next major campaign against the Britons was in 577, led by Cealin, king of Wessex, whose campaigns succeeded in taking Cirencester, Gloucester and Bath (known as the Battle of Dyrham).[39][41][42] This expansion of Wessex ended abruptly when the Anglo-Saxons started fighting among themselves, and resulted in Cealin eventually having to retreat to his original territory. He was then replaced by Ceol (who was possibly his nephew): Cealin was killed the following year, but the annals do not specify by whom.[43][44] Cirencester subsequently became an Anglo-Saxon kingdom under the overlordship of the Mercians, rather than Wessex.[45]

text: Heptarchy and Christianisation (7th and 8th centuries)[edit]

text: By 600, a new order was developing, of kingdoms and sub-Kingdoms. Henry of Huntingdon (a medieval historian) conceived the idea of the Heptarchy, which consisted of the seven principal Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (Heptarchy literal translation from the Greek: hept – seven; archy – rule).[46]

text: Anglo-Saxon England heptarchy[edit]

text: The four main kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England were:

text:
East Anglia
Mercia
Northumbria, including sub-kingdoms Bernicia and Deira
Wessex

text: Minor kingdoms:

text:
Essex
Kent
Sussex

text: Other minor kingdoms and territories[edit]

text:
Haestingas
Hwicce
Kingdom of the Iclingas, a precursor state to Mercia
Isle of Wight, (Wihtwara)
Lindsey
Magonsæte
The Meonwara The Meon Valley area of Hampshire
Middle Angles
Pecsæte
Surrey
Tomsæte
Wreocensæte

text: At the end of the 6th century the most powerful ruler in England was Æthelberht of Kent, whose lands extended north to the Humber River.[47] In the early years of the 7th century, Kent and East Anglia were the leading English kingdoms.[48] After the death of Æthelberht in 616, Rædwald of East Anglia became the most powerful leader south of the Humber.[48]

text: Following the death of Æthelfrith of Northumbria, Rædwald provided military assistance to the Deiran Edwin in his struggle to take over the two dynasties of Deira and Bernicia in the unified kingdom of Northumbria.[48] Upon the death of Rædwald, Edwin was able to pursue a grand plan to expand Northumbrian power.[48]

text: The growing strength of Edwin of Northumbria forced the Anglo-Saxon Mercians under Penda into an alliance with the Welsh King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd, and together they invaded Edwin's lands and defeated and killed him at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in 633.[49][50] Their success was short-lived, as Oswald (one of the sons of the late King of Northumbria, Æthelfrith) defeated and killed Cadwallon at Heavenfield near Hexham.[51] In less than a decade Penda again waged war against Northumbria, and killed Oswald in the Battle of Maserfield in 642.[52]

text: His brother Oswiu was chased to the northern extremes of his kingdom.[52][53] However, Oswiu killed Penda shortly after, and Mercia spent the rest of the 7th and all of the 8th century fighting the kingdom of Powys.[52] The war reached its climax during the reign of Offa of Mercia,[52] who is remembered for the construction of a 150-mile-long dyke which formed the Wales/England border.[54] It is not clear whether this was a boundary line or a defensive position.[54] The ascendency of the Mercians came to an end in 825, when they were soundly beaten under Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellendun by Egbert of Wessex.[55]

text: Christianity had been introduced into the British Isles during the Roman occupation.[56] The early Christian Berber author, Tertullian, writing in the third century, said that "Christianity could even be found in Britain."[57] The Roman Emperor Constantine (306–337), granted official tolerance to Christianity with the Edict of Milan in 313.[58] Then, in the reign of Emperor Theodosius "the Great" (378–395), Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire.[59]

text: It is not entirely clear how many Britons would have been Christian when the pagan Anglo-Saxons arrived.[60][61] There had been attempts to evangelise the Irish by Pope Celestine I in 431.[62] However, it was Saint Patrick who is credited with converting the Irish en-masse.[62] A Christian Ireland then set about evangelising the rest of the British Isles, and Columba was sent to found a religious community in Iona, off the west coast of Scotland.[63] Then Aidan was sent from Iona to set up his see in Northumbria, at Lindisfarne, between 635–651.[64] Hence Northumbria was converted by the Celtic (Irish) church.[64]

text: Bede is very uncomplimentary about the indigenous British clergy: in his Historia ecclesiastica he complains of their unspeakable crimes, and that they did not preach the faith to the Angles or Saxons.[65] Pope Gregory I sent Augustine in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons, but Bede says the British clergy refused to help Augustine in his mission.[66][67] Despite Bede's complaints, it is now believed that the Britons played an important role in the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons.[68] On arrival in the south east of England in 597, Augustine was given land by King Æthelberht of Kent to build a church; so in 597 Augustine built the church and founded the See at Canterbury.[69] He baptised Æthelberht in 601, then continued with his mission to convert the English.[70] Most of the north and east of England had already been evangelised by the Irish Church. However, Sussex and the Isle of Wight remained mainly pagan until the arrival of Saint Wilfrid, the exiled Archbishop of York, who converted Sussex around 681 and the Isle of Wight in 683.[71][72][73]

text: It remains unclear what "conversion" actually meant. The ecclesiastical writers tended to declare a territory as "converted" merely because the local king had agreed to be baptised, regardless of whether, in reality, he actually adopted Christian practices; and regardless, too, of whether the general population of his kingdom did.[74] When churches were built, they tended to include pagan as well as Christian symbols, evidencing an attempt to reach out to the pagan Anglo-Saxons, rather than demonstrating that they were already converted.[75][76]

text: Even after Christianity had been set up in all of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, there was friction between the followers of the Roman rites and the Irish rites, particularly over the date on which Easter fell and the way monks cut their hair.[77] In 664 a conference was held at Whitby Abbey (known as the Whitby Synod) to decide the matter; Saint Wilfrid was an advocate for the Roman rites and Bishop Colmán for the Irish rites.[78] Wilfrid's argument won the day and Colmán and his party returned to Ireland in their bitter disappointment.[78] The Roman rites were adopted by the English church, although they were not universally accepted by the Irish Church.[78]

text: Viking challenge and the rise of Wessex (9th century)[edit]

text: Between the 8th and 11th centuries, raiders and colonists from Scandinavia, mainly Danish and Norwegian, plundered western Europe, including the British Isles.[79] These raiders came to be known as the Vikings; the name is believed to derive from Scandinavia, where the Vikings originated.[80][81] The first raids in the British Isles were in the late 8th century, mainly on churches and monasteries (which were seen as centres of wealth).[80][82] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that the holy island of Lindisfarne was sacked in 793.[83] The raiding then virtually stopped for around forty years; but in about 835 it started becoming more regular.[84]

text: In the 860s, instead of raids, the Danes mounted a full-scale invasion. In 865 an enlarged army arrived that the Anglo-Saxons described as the Great Heathen Army. This was reinforced in 871 by the Great Summer Army.[84] Within ten years nearly all of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms fell to the invaders: Northumbria in 867, East Anglia in 869, and nearly all of Mercia in 874–77.[84] Kingdoms, centres of learning, archives, and churches all fell before the onslaught from the invading Danes. Only the Kingdom of Wessex was able to survive.[84] In March 878, the Anglo-Saxon King of Wessex, Alfred, with a few men, built a fortress at Athelney, hidden deep in the marshes of Somerset.[86] He used this as a base from which to harry the Vikings. In May 878 he put together an army formed from the populations of Somerset, Wiltshire, and Hampshire, which defeated the Viking army in the Battle of Edington.[86] The Vikings retreated to their stronghold, and Alfred laid siege to it.[86] Ultimately the Danes capitulated, and their leader Guthrum agreed to withdraw from Wessex and to be baptised. The formal ceremony was completed a few days later at Wedmore.[86][87] There followed a peace treaty between Alfred and Guthrum, which had a variety of provisions, including defining the boundaries of the area to be ruled by the Danes (which became known as the Danelaw) and those of Wessex.[88] The Kingdom of Wessex controlled part of the Midlands and the whole of the South (apart from Cornwall, which was still held by the Britons), while the Danes held East Anglia and the North.[89]

text: After the victory at Edington and resultant peace treaty, Alfred set about transforming his Kingdom of Wessex into a society on a full-time war footing.[90] He built a navy, reorganised the army, and set up a system of fortified towns known as burhs. He mainly used old Roman cities for his burhs, as he was able to rebuild and reinforce their existing fortifications.[90] To maintain the burhs, and the standing army, he set up a taxation system known as the Burghal Hidage.[91] These burhs (or burghs) operated as defensive structures. The Vikings were thereafter unable to cross large sections of Wessex: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that a Danish raiding party was defeated when it tried to attack the burh of Chichester.[92][93] The burhs, although primarily designed as defensive structures, were also commercial centres, attracting traders and markets to a safe haven, and they provided a safe place for the king's moneyers and mints.[94] A new wave of Danish invasions commenced in the year 891,[95] beginning a war that lasted over three years.[96][97] Alfred's new system of defence worked, however, and ultimately it wore the Danes down: they gave up and dispersed in the summer of 896.[97]

text: Alfred is also remembered as a literate king. He or his court commissioned the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which was written in Old English (rather than in Latin, which was the language of the European annals).[98] Alfred's own literary output was mainly of translations, though he wrote introductions and amended manuscripts as well.[98][99]

text: English unification (10th century)[edit]

text: On Alfred's death in 899, his son Edward the Elder succeeded him.[100] Alfred's son Edward, and his grandsons Æthelstan, Edmund I, and Eadred, continued the policy of resistance against the Vikings.[101] In Mercia, from 874–879 the western half was ruled by Ceowulf II, who was succeeded by Æthelred.[102] In 886/887 Æthelred married Alfred's daughter Æthelflæd.[102] When Æthelred died in 911, his widow administered the Mercian province with the title "Lady of the Mercians".[102] As commander of the Mercian army she worked with her brother, Edward the Elder, to win back the Mercian lands that were under Danish control.[102] Edward and his successors expanded Alfred's network of fortified burhs, a key element of their strategy, enabling them to go on the offensive.[101][103] Edward recaptured Essex in 913. Edward's son, Æthelstan, annexed Northumbria and forced the kings of Wales to submit; at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937, he defeated an alliance of the Scots, Danes, and Vikings to become King of all England.[101][104]

text: Along with the Britons and the settled Danes, some of the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms disliked being ruled by Wessex. Consequently, the death of a Wessex king would be followed by rebellion, particularly in Northumbria.[101] In 973, Alfred's great-grandson, Edgar, was crowned King of England and Emperor of Britain at Bath.[105] On his coinage he had inscribed EADGAR REX ANGLORUM ("Edgar, King of the English"). Edgar's coronation was a magnificent affair, and many of its rituals and words could still be seen in the coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953, though in English rather than Latin.[106]

text: The presence of Danish and Norse settlers in the Danelaw had a lasting impact; the people there saw themselves as "armies" a hundred years after settlement:[107] King Edgar issued a law code in 962 that was to include the people of Northumbria, so he addressed it to Earl Olac "and all the army that live in that earldom".[107] There are over 3,000 words in modern English that have Scandinavian roots,[108][109] Additionally, more than 1,500 place-names in England are Scandinavian in origin; for example, topographic names such as Howe, Norfolk and Howe, North Yorkshire are derived from the Old Norse word haugr meaning hill, knoll, or mound.[109][110] In archeology and other academic contexts the term "Anglo-Scandinavian" is often used for Scandinavian culture in England.

text: England under the Danes and the Norman conquest (978–1066)[edit]

text: Two years after his coronation at Bath, Edgar died while still only in his early thirties.[111] He left two surviving sons, Edward (the eldest) and his half-brother Æthelred.[111] Edward was crowned king, at Kingston, but three years later he was assassinated by one of his half-brother's retainers, with the assistance of Æthelred's stepmother.[111] Hence Æthelred II was crowned in 978, and although he reigned for thirty-eight years, one of the longest reigns in English history, he earned the name "Æthelred the Unready", as he proved to be one of England's most disastrous kings.[112] William of Malmesbury, writing in his Chronicle of the kings of England about one hundred years later, was scathing in his criticism of Æthelred, saying that he occupied the kingdom, rather than governed it.[113]

text: Just as Æthelred was being crowned, the Danish King Gormsson was trying to force Christianity onto his domain.[114] Many of his subjects did not like this idea, and shortly before 988, Swein, his son, drove his father from the kingdom.[114] The rebels, dispossessed at home, probably formed the first waves of raids on the English coast.[114] The rebels did so well in their raiding that the Danish kings decided to take over the campaign themselves.[115]

text: In 991 the Vikings sacked Ipswich, and their fleet made landfall near Maldon in Essex.[115] The Danes demanded that the English pay a ransom, but the English commander Byrhtnoth refused; he was killed in the ensuing Battle of Maldon, and the English were easily defeated.[115] From then on the Vikings seem to have raided anywhere at will; they were contemptuous of the lack of resistance from the English. Even the Alfredian systems of burhs failed.[116] Æthelred seems to have just hidden, out of range of the raiders.[116]

text: Payment of Danegeld[edit]

text: By the 980s the kings of Wessex had a powerful grip on the coinage of the realm. It is reckoned there were about 300 moneyers, and 60 mints, around the country.[117] Every five or six years the coinage in circulation would cease to be legal tender and new coins were issued.[117] The system controlling the currency around the country was extremely sophisticated; this enabled the king to raise large sums of money if needed.[118][119] The ability to raise large sums of money was needed after the battle of Maldon, as Æthelred decided that, rather than fight, he would pay ransom to the Danes in a system known as Danegeld.[120] As part of the ransom, a peace treaty was drawn up that was intended to stop the raids. However, rather than buying the Vikings off, payment of Danegeld only encouraged them to come back for more.[121]

text: The Dukes of Normandy were quite happy to allow these Danish adventurers to use their ports for raids on the English coast. The result was that the courts of England and Normandy became increasingly hostile to each other.[114] Eventually, Æthelred sought a treaty with the Normans, and ended up marrying Emma, daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy in the Spring of 1002, which was seen as an attempt to break the link between the raiders and Normandy.[116][122]

text: Then, on St. Brice's day in November 1002, Danes living in England were slaughtered on the orders of Æthelred.[123]

text: Rise of Cnut[edit]

text: In the summer of 1013, Sven Forkbeard, King of Denmark, brought the Danish fleet to Sandwich, Kent.[124] From there he went north to the Danelaw, where the locals immediately agreed to support him.[124] He then struck south, forcing Æthelred into exile in Normandy (1013–1014). However, on 3 February 1014 Sven died suddenly.[124] Capitalising on his death, Æthelred returned to England and drove Sven's son, Cnut, back to Denmark, forcing him to abandon his allies in the process.[124] In 1015, Cnut launched a new campaign against England.[124] Edmund fell out with his father, Æthelred, and struck out on his own.[125] Some English leaders decided to support Cnut, so Æthelred ultimately retreated to London.[125] Before engagement with the Danish army, Æthelred died and was replaced by Edmund.[125] The Danish army encircled and besieged London, but Edmund was able to escape and raised an army of loyalists.[125] Edmund's army routed the Danes, but the success was short-lived: at the battle of Ashingdon the Danes were victorious and many of the English leaders were killed.[125] Cnut and Edmund agreed to split the kingdom in two, with Edmund ruling Wessex and Cnut the rest.[125][126]

text: In 1017, Edmund died in mysterious circumstances, probably murdered by Cnut or his supporters, and the English council (the witan) confirmed Cnut as king of all England.[125] Cnut divided England into earldoms: most of these were allocated to nobles of Danish descent, but he made an Englishman earl of Wessex. The man he appointed was Godwin, who eventually became part of the extended royal family when he married the king's sister-in-law.[127] In the summer of 1017, Cnut sent for Æthelred's widow, Emma, with the intention of marrying her.[128] It seems that Emma agreed to marry the king on condition that he would limit the English succession to the children born of their union.[129] Cnut already had a wife known as Ælfgifu of Northampton who bore him two sons, Svein and Harold Harefoot.[129] However it seems that the church regarded Ælfgifu as Cnut's concubine rather than his wife.[129] In addition to the two sons he had with Ælfgifu, he had a further son with Emma, who was named Harthacnut.[129][130]

text: When Cnut's brother, Harald II, King of Denmark, died in 1018 Cnut went to Denmark to secure that realm. Two years later, Cnut brought Norway under his control, and he gave Ælfgifu and their son Svein the job of governing it.[130]

text: Edward becomes king[edit]

text: One result of Cnut's marriage to Emma was to precipitate a succession crisis after his death in 1035,[130] as the throne was disputed between Ælfgifu's son, Harald Harefoot, and Emma's son, Harthacnut.[131] Emma supported her son by Cnut, Harthacnut, rather than a son by Æthelred.[132] Her son by Æthelred, Edward, made an unsuccessful raid on Southampton, and his brother Alfred was murdered on an expedition to England in 1036.[132] Emma fled to Bruges when Harald Harefoot became king of England, but when he died in 1040 Harthacnut was able to take over as king.[131] Harthacnut quickly developed a reputation for imposing high taxes on England.[131] He became so unpopular that Edward was invited to return from exile in Normandy to be recognised as Harthacnut's heir,[132][133] and when Harthacnut died suddenly in 1042 (probably murdered), Edward (known to posterity as Edward the Confessor) became king.[132]

text: Edward was supported by Earl Godwin of Wessex and married the earl's daughter. This arrangement was seen as expedient, however, as Godwin had been implicated in the murder of Alfred, the king's brother. In 1051 one of Edward's in-laws, Eustace, arrived to take up residence in Dover; the men of Dover objected and killed some of Eustace's men.[132] When Godwin refused to punish them, the king, who had been unhappy with the Godwins for some time, summoned them to trial. Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was chosen to deliver the news to Godwin and his family.[134] The Godwins fled rather than face trial.[134] Norman accounts suggest that at this time Edward offered the succession to his cousin, William (duke) of Normandy (also known as William the Conqueror, William the Bastard, or William I), though this is unlikely given that accession to the Anglo-Saxon kingship was by election, not heredity – a fact which Edward would surely have known, having been elected himself by the Witenagemot.

text: The Godwins, having previously fled, threatened to invade England. Edward is said to have wanted to fight, but at a Great Council meeting in Westminster, Earl Godwin laid down all his weapons and asked the king to allow him to purge himself of all crimes.[135] The king and Godwin were reconciled,[135] and the Godwins thus became the most powerful family in England after the king.[136][137] On Godwin's death in 1053, his son Harold succeeded to the earldom of Wessex; Harold's brothers Gyrth, Leofwine, and Tostig were given East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria.[136] The Northumbrians disliked Tostig for his harsh behaviour, and he was expelled to an exile in Flanders, in the process falling out with his brother Harold, who supported the king's line in backing the Northumbrians.[138][139]

text: Death of Edward the Confessor[edit]

text: On 26 December 1065, Edward was taken ill[139] He took to his bed and fell into a coma; at one point he woke and turned to Harold Godwinson and asked him to protect the Queen and the kingdom.[140][141] On 5 January 1066 Edward the Confessor died, and Harold was declared king.[139] The following day, 6 January 1066, Edward was buried and Harold crowned.[141][142]

text: Although Harold Godwinson had grabbed the crown of England, others laid claim to it, primarily William, Duke of Normandy, who was cousin to Edward the Confessor through his aunt, Emma of Normandy.[143] It is believed that Edward had promised the crown to William.[132] Harold Godwinson had agreed to support William's claim after being imprisoned in Normandy, by Guy of Ponthieu. William had demanded and received Harold's release, then during his stay under William's protection it is claimed, by the Normans, that Harold swore a solemn oath of loyalty to William.[144]

text: Harald Hardrada ("The Ruthless") of Norway also had a claim on England, through Cnut and his successors.[143] He had, too, a further claim based on a pact between Harthacnut, King of Denmark (Cnut's son) and Magnus, King of Norway.[143]

text: Tostig, Harold's estranged brother, was the first to move; according to the medieval historian Orderic Vitalis, he travelled to Normandy to enlist the help of William, Duke of Normandy, later to be known as William the Conqueror.[143][144][145] William was not ready to get involved so Tostig sailed from the Cotentin Peninsula, but because of storms ended up in Norway, where he successfully enlisted the help of Harold Hardrada.[145][146] The Anglo Saxon Chronicle has a different version of the story, having Tostig land in the Isle of Wight in May 1066, then ravaging the English coast, before arriving at Sandwich, Kent.[142][146] At Sandwich Tostig is said to have enlisted and press ganged sailors before sailing north where, after battling some of the northern earls and also visiting Scotland, he eventually joined Hardrada (possibly in Scotland or at the mouth of the river Tyne).[142][146]

text: Battle of Fulford and aftermath[edit]

text: According to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle (Manuscripts D and E) Tostig became Hadrada's vassal, and then with 300 or so longships sailed up the Humber estuary bottling the English fleet in the river Swale and then landed at Riccall on the Ouse on 24 September.[146][147] They marched towards York, where they were confronted, at Fulford Gate, by the English forces that were under the command of the northern earls, Edwin and Morcar; the battle of Fulford Gate followed, on 20 September, which was one of the bloodiest battles of mediaeval times.[148] The English forces were routed, though Edwin and Morcar escaped. The victors entered the city of York, exchanged hostages and were provisioned.[149] Hearing the news whilst in London, Harold Godwinson force-marched a second English army to Tadcaster by the night of the 24th, and after catching Harald Hardrada by surprise, on the morning of the 25 September, Harold achieved a total victory over the Scandinavian horde after a two-day-long engagement at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.[150] Harold gave quarter to the survivors allowing them to leave in 20 ships.[150]

text: William of Normandy sails for England[edit]

text: Harold would have been celebrating his victory at Stamford Bridge on the night of 26/27 September 1066, while William of Normandy's invasion fleet set sail for England on the morning of 27 September 1066.[151] Harold marched his army back down to the south coast, where he met William's army, at a place now called Battle just outside Hastings.[152] Harold was killed when he fought and lost the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066.[153]

text: The Battle of Hastings virtually destroyed the Godwin dynasty. Harold and his brothers Gyrth and Leofwine were dead on the battlefield, as was their uncle Ælfwig, Abbot of Newminster. Tostig had been killed at Stamford Bridge. Wulfnoth was a hostage of William the Conqueror. The Godwin women who remained were either dead or childless.[154]

text: William marched on London. The city leaders surrendered the kingdom to him, and he was crowned at Westminster Abbey, Edward the Confessor's new church, on Christmas Day 1066.[155] It took William a further ten years to consolidate his kingdom, during which any opposition was suppressed ruthlessly; in a particularly brutal process known as the Harrying of the North, William issued orders to lay waste the north and burn all the cattle, crops and farming equipment and to poison the earth.[156] According to Orderic Vitalis, the Anglo-Norman chronicler, over one hundred thousand people died of starvation.[157] Figures based on the returns for the Domesday Book estimate that the overall population of England in 1086 was about 2.25 million, so the figure of one hundred thousand deaths, due to starvation, would have been a huge proportion (about one in 20) of the population.[158]

text: By the time of William's death in 1087, those who had been England's Anglo-Saxon rulers were dead, exiled, or had joined the ranks of the peasantry.[159] It was estimated that only about 8 percent of the land was under Anglo-Saxon control.[155] Nearly all the Anglo-Saxon cathedrals and abbeys of any note had been demolished and replaced with Norman-style architecture by 1200.[160]


document_title: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them

question_text: writer of the textbook fantastic beasts and where to find them

root

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Original version[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts purports to be a reproduction of a textbook owned by Harry Potter and written by magizoologist Newt Scamander, a character in the fictional Harry Potter series. In the series, Magizoology is the study of magical creatures.

tag: p

text: Albus Dumbledore, headmaster of Hogwarts, provides the Foreword and explains the purpose of the special edition of this book (the Comic Relief charity). At the end, he tells the reader, "...The amusing creatures described hereafter are fictional and cannot hurt you." He repeats the Hogwarts motto: "Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus", Latin for "Never tickle a sleeping dragon".

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them contains the history of Magizoology and describes 85 magical species found around the world. Scamander says that he collected most of the information found in the book through observations made over years of travel across five continents. He notes that the first edition was commissioned in 1918 by Augustus Worme of Obscurus Books. However, it was not published until 1927. It is now in its fifty-second edition.

text: In the Harry Potter universe, the book is a required textbook for first-year Hogwarts students, having been an approved textbook since its first publication. In his foreword to the book, Albus Dumbledore notes that it serves as an excellent reference for Wizarding households in addition to its use at Hogwarts.

text: The book features doodles and comments added by Ron Weasley. The comments would appear to have been written around the time of the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. These doodles add some extra information for fans of the series (for example the "Acromantula" entry has a comment confirming that Hogwarts is located in Scotland) along with comic relief (such as Ron saying "you're not kidding" when talking about the Hungarian Horntail being the most fearsome dragon of all, a reference to Harry's encounter with one in the fourth book).

text: The cover design of the first edition of the book features apparent claw marks from an unidentified animal.

text: 2017 edition[edit]

text: This edition features six new creatures: the hidebehind, the hodag, the horned serpent, the snallygaster, the thunderbird and the wampus cat, in addition to the original 85, and the illustrations are replaced. Newt Scamander provides the foreword stating the reason the six new creatures were not previously included is because MACUSA president Seraphina Picquery requested that the more important American creatures were not mentioned to deter wizarding sightseers at a time when the US wizarding community were subject to greater persecution than their European counterparts and after Scamander had already contributed to a serious breach of the International Statute of Secrecy in New York.

text: About Newt Scamander[edit]

text: Fictional biography[edit]

text: This section describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Newton Artemis Fido "Newt" Scamander is the fictional author of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, born in 1897. According to the "About the Author" section of the book, Scamander became a magizoologist because of his own interest in fabulous beasts and the encouragement of his mother, an enthusiastic Hippogriff breeder. In Hogwarts, he was sorted to Hufflepuff house.

text: After being expelled from Hogwarts, Scamander joined the Ministry of Magic in the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures. His career included a brief stint in the Office of House-elf Relocation, a transfer to the Beast Division, the creation of the Werewolf Register in 1947, the 1965 passage of the Ban on Experimental Breeding, and many research trips for the Dragon Research and Restraint Bureau. His contributions to Magizoology earned him an Order of Merlin, Second Class in 1979.

text: When retired, he lived in Dorset with his wife Porpentina and their pet Kneazles: Hoppy, Milly and Mauler. He had a grandson named Rolf, who married Luna Lovegood (a character who appeared in the last three Harry Potter novels) some time after the events of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.

text: In the film version of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Newt Scamander's name appeared on the Marauder's Map.

text: In the film adaptation of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, it is mentioned that Scamander was expelled from Hogwarts following an unspecified incident involving one of his creatures, but Albus Dumbledore argued in his defense.

text: Role in the Harry Potter series[edit]

text: Scamander himself does not appear in the seven Harry Potter books. He is mentioned in passing in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone as the author of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. He is the central character of the film adaptation of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, in which he is portrayed by Eddie Redmayne.

text: Featured beasts[edit]

text: The following mythological beasts are listed in the book:

text:
Acromantula
Ashwinder
Augurey
Basilisk
Billywig
Bowtruckle
Bundimun
Centaur
Chimaera
Chizpurfle
Clabbert
Crup
Demiguise
Diricawl
Doxy
Dragon

Antipodean Opaleye
Chinese Fireball
Common Welsh Green
Hebridean Black
Hungarian Horntail
Norwegian Ridgeback
Peruvian Vipertooth
Romanian Longhorn
Swedish Short-Snout
Ukrainian Ironbelly

Dugbog
Erkling
Erumpent
Fairy
Fire Crab
Flobberworm
Fwooper
Ghoul
Glumbumble
Gnome
Graphorn
Griffin
Grindylow
Hidebehind
Hippocampus
Hippogriff
Hodag
Horklump
Horned serpent
Imp
Jarvey
Jobberknoll
Kappa
Kelpie
Knarl
Kneazle
Leprechaun
Lethifold
Lobalug
Mackled Malaclaw
Manticore
Merpeople
Moke
Mooncalf
Murtlap
Niffler
Nogtail
Nundu
Occamy
Phoenix
Pixie
Plimpy
Pogrebin
Porlock
Puffskein
Quintaped
Ramora
Red Cap
Re'em
Runespoor
Salamander
Sea Serpent
Shrake
Snallygaster
Snidget
Sphinx
Streeler
Tebo
Thunderbird
Troll
Unicorn
Wampus cat
Werewolf
Winged horse
Yeti

tag: ul

text: Editions[edit]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly graded the book with an "A" and wrote "With its richly detailed history lessons and witty debate parsing the differences between being and beast, plus a compendium of 85 magical creatures that's chockablock with Rowling's trademark wordplay (Glumbumble is a standout), Beasts adds a vital new dimension to the Potter mythology."[4]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a British-American fantasy film inspired by the book of the same name by J. K. Rowling. An extension of the wizarding world[5] from the Harry Potter film series and directed by David Yates, the film stars Eddie Redmayne, Katherine Waterston, Alison Sudol, Dan Fogler, Samantha Morton, Ezra Miller, Colin Farrell, Carmen Ejogo, Faith Wood-Blagrove, Jenn Murray, Jon Voight and Ron Perlman. The first movie is set to be followed by four more.

text: Principal photography commenced on 17 August 2015, at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden.

text: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 18 November 2016.

text: A sequel was confirmed in 2016 and is due to be released on 16 November 2018.


document_title: Ash vs Evil Dead

question_text: how many episodes in ash vs evil dead season 3

text: Ash vs Evil Dead

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series is set approximately 30 years after the first three Evil Dead films, and serves as a sequel to that trilogy. Ash Williams works at the "Value Stop" as a simple stock boy. Also working at the store is his friend Pablo and the object of Pablo's affections, Kelly. Ash has seemingly done very little with his life since returning from 1300 AD at the end of Army of Darkness, and the beginning of the series sees him living in a trailer and drinking alone in bars. However, Ash must soon renounce his routine existence and become a hero once more by taking up arms and facing the titular Evil Dead. Pablo and Kelly decide to join him on his quest to save humanity.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Bruce Campbell as Ash Williams: Ash has changed in the 30 years since Army of Darkness. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Campbell stated, "Ash has survivor's guilt. You could have a heyday with his PTSD. He's a war vet. He doesn't want to talk about it, and he'll lie about that stump on his hand to impress the ladies. This is a guy who's got some issues. He's emotionally stunted. But, he's the guy you want in the foxhole next to you."[7] Over the course of season one, it is revealed that following the events of the film trilogy, Ash spent thirty years drifting from town to town, living in a mobile home trailer, with his pet lizard, Eli, and working a series of dead-end jobs at different branches of Value Stop. Ash has attempted to destroy the Necronomicon on multiple occasions. Unable to be rid of the book, he instead becomes its de facto caretaker. In season two, it is revealed that Ash had returned to his hometown of Elk Grove, Michigan, after the events of the films. The people of Elk Grove refused to believe his stories of Deadites, and instead accused him of murdering his friends and his sister in the cabin, shunned him, and dubbed him "Ashy Slashy".
Ray Santiago as Pablo Simon Bolivar:[8] A co-worker who became Ash's loyal sidekick. Pablo believed that Ash is a true hero, and called him "El Jefe" ("The Boss") as a mark of respect. Santiago describes his character as an "El Jefe in-training". He was raised by his uncle, a shaman, who told him stories of an evil power which can only be defeated by "El Jefe". He fights valiantly alongside Ash and Kelly before being torn to ribbons by the demon Baal, but was resurrected thereafter. Through a ritual in season 3, Pablo succeeds his uncle as a "brujo especial".
Dana DeLorenzo as Kelly Maxwell/Sorceress Kaya:[9] An occasionally moody and initially reluctant young woman, Kelly is dragged into the fight against evil with Ash and Pablo after she is orphaned. She and her family are Jewish, and she temporarily worked at the Value Stop with Ash and Pablo. Her mother died in a car accident some six months prior to the beginning of the series.
Jill Marie Jones as Amanda Fisher (season 1)[10] A Michigan State Trooper who set out to find Ash following the death of her partner.
Lucy Lawless as Ruby Knowby/Rebecca Prevett:[11] A mysterious figure who is on a quest to hunt down the source of the recent evil outbreaks. She claims to be the daughter of Professor Raymond Knowby and sister of Annie Knowby from Evil Dead II.[12] She is later revealed to be an immortal being who wrote the Necronomicon.
Michelle Hurd as Linda Bates-Emery (season 2): Ash's high school girlfriend who is now married to Emery, the sheriff of Elk Grove, and has a daughter, Lacey. She is one of the few people in Elk Grove happy to see Ash return.
Ted Raimi as Chet Kaminski (season 2) A hard-partying old childhood friend of Ash's who was secretly intimate with Ash's sister, Cheryl, thirty years prior, and pays the ultimate price for it.
Pepi Sonuga as Lacey Emery (season 2) Thomas' and Linda's 17-year-old daughter who becomes possessed by Kandarian spirits and is killed by Kelly.
Arielle Carver-O'Neill as Brandy Barr (season 3) Ash's long-lost daughter, a smart middle-class American high school senior whose life is upended when she finds herself caught up in violent demonic events that result in her mother's death.
Lindsay Farris as Dalton (season 3) A member of the Knights of Sumeria, an ancient order dedicated to battling evil.

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Samara Weaving as Heather (season 1) The sole survivor of a hiking group, she is rescued by Pablo and Kelly when they reach the cabin. She is later indirectly killed by Ruby when the evil is set loose.
Hemky Madera as El Brujo (season 1, 3) Pablo's shaman uncle, Ash, Pablo and Kelly go to him for help against the Kandarian Demon. He is killed by the demon Eligos when he performs an exorcism on Kelly to release her from Eligos' thrall.
Lee Majors as Brock Williams (season 2, 3) Ash's father, whom Ash has not seen in 30 or so years, since the events of Evil Dead.[13][14] It is from his father that Ash got his bad habits (debauchery, etc.), and it's hinted that he has stolen girls/women from Ash in the past (i.e. his son's old high school P.E. teacher, Lillian Pendergrast). His day job is as a hardware store owner; his slogan is "Brock Williams - has wood - call me." He blames Ash for the death of his daughter, Cheryl, but then, minutes before being killed by his son's possessed Oldsmobile 88, comes to realize that his boy was actually a hero.
Stephen Lovatt as Sheriff Thomas Emery (season 2) The husband of Linda whom Ash used to pick on in highschool. He is now the strict sheriff of Elk Grove.
Joel Tobeck as Baal (season 2) A diabolical demon and Ruby's ex-husband who wants the Necronomicon for his own nefarious purposes. His abilities include using lust to manipulate others, possessing human bodies and the ability to slow down time near a target where he can converse with or injure said target. When Baal is using this power nobody seems to be able to see him besides the person he is interacting with. Ruby has also mentioned that he is impervious to physical attacks and can only be harmed through mystic or spiritual means.
Emilia Burns as Zoë (Season 3), a Knight of Sumeria who helps Ash in his crusade. She ends up being the sole survivor of her knight squadron.
Katrina Hobbs as Candace Barr (Season 3), An ex-girlfriend of Ash's who is the mother of their daughter Brandy. Ash married Candace in Las Vegas when they were drunk. She was later killed by a deadite before becoming one herself at her own funeral.
Samantha Young as Natalie (Season 3), A woman who Ruby kidnaps and hold hostage be a sort-of babysitter for her spawn. She is later killed by the demonic baby.

text: Special guests[edit]

text:
Rebekkah Farrell as Linda (season 1)
Ellen Sandweiss returning as Cheryl Williams (season 2) from the original Evil Dead movie.
Nicholas Hope as Professor Raymond Knowby (season 2)
Alison Quigan (normal form) and Ted Raimi (Deadite form) as Henrietta Knowby (season 2)
Kelvin Taylor as an Orderly

text: Production[edit]

text: The series first started life as two competing ideas for a fourth Evil Dead film.[15] However at the time the Raimi brothers did not know how to get funding for the film and so it was instead written as a TV show. Writing for the medium presented new challenges for Sam as he had to make the series accessible to new viewers as well as create new characters to "bounce off of".[15] The project was first officially revealed by Raimi at a surprise appearance at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con[16] That November Starz announced that they officially put an order in for the series.[17] Campbell said the channel was the only network that would give them the ability to be unrated and unrestricted; Campbell has stated that Starz does not require the crew to create alternate, "wimpy" versions for television.[18]

text: The pilot episode of the series was written by Sam Raimi (who also directed), Ivan Raimi and Tom Spezialy.[19] In February 2015, original film series producer Robert Tapert returned to produce along with Raimi, Campbell and Craig DiGregorio. Ray Santiago and Dana DeLorenzo were cast in the lead roles of Pablo Simon Bolivar and Kelly Maxwell, and Jill Marie Jones was cast as Amanda Fisher, a Michigan State Trooper.[19][10] In March 2015, Lucy Lawless was cast as Ruby, a mysterious figure who's on a quest to stop the evil outbreak and believes that Ash is the one who's the cause of it.[11] In April 2015, Starz released a new graphic teaser advertising the TV show is coming in the fall of 2015, along with a new poster for the series.[20] Filming commenced in Auckland, New Zealand later that month.[21]

text: Due to legal issues with Universal Pictures, the events from Army of Darkness could not specifically be mentioned in the first season.[22] In April 2015, the producers made it clear that they wanted to resolve the issue,[23][24][25] and in mid-2016, producer Robert Tapert stated that the rights issue had been solved and that references to Army of Darkness would appear from season two onward.[26]

text: Cancellation[edit]

text: It was announced on April 20, 2018 that Ash vs Evil Dead had been cancelled after a three-season run, with the final episode airing on April 29, 2018.[6][27] Towards the end of the third season, ratings had declined from the initial 437,000 same-day viewers of the first season to around 175,000 non-DVR viewers.[28] According to Variety, at the time of the eighth episode of the third season's airing, the show averaged a 0.08 rating in adults aged 18 to 49, with approximately 177,000 viewers per episode.[6]

text: Bruce Campbell stated at the time of the cancellation that "Ash vs. Evil Dead has been the ride of a lifetime. Ash Williams was the role of a lifetime. It was an honor to reunite with Evil Dead partners Rob Tapert and Sam Raimi to give our tireless fans another taste of the outrageous horror/comedy they demanded. I will always be grateful to Starz for the opportunity to revisit the franchise that launched our careers".[29] Following the news of the show's cancellation, fans of the series created petitions to renew Ash vs Evil Dead for a fourth or fifth season.[30][31] In response to an article published by the website Bloody Disgusting that encouraged fans to campaign for the show's continuation on the Netflix platform, Campbell tweeted "Big props to fans for the effort, but I’m retired as Ash. #timetofrysomeotherfish".[29]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
October 31, 2015 (2015-10-31)
January 2, 2016 (2016-01-02)

2
10
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)

3
10
February 25, 2018 (2018-02-25)
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)[32]

text: Season 1 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"El Jefe"
Sam Raimi
Sam Raimi & Ivan Raimi and Tom Spezialy
October 31, 2015 (2015-10-31)
0.437[33]

Thirty years after his epic battle against the evil Deadites, Ash Williams (Bruce Campbell) is living in a trailer park, working in a Value Stop department store, and spending his evenings womanizing in dive bars. After seeing a demonic visage appear on a woman's face, Ash recalls having a recent Marijuana-addled "poetry read" with a young prostitute, from the Necronomicon, which he still keeps locked in a trunk. Elsewhere in town, Michigan state police detective Amanda Fisher, (Jill Marie Jones), investigates a disturbance at an abandoned house and encounters Ash's demon-possessed friend who kills her partner. After defeating the possessed woman, she is then forced to put down her undead partner who attacks her. Later, Amanda meets the mysterious Ruby Knowby, (Lucy Lawless), who seems almost too understanding about the horrors Amanda has witnessed. As more evil happenings occur around him, Ash realizes he unwittingly reawakened the horrible curse again and decides to slip out of town, but he is stopped by his co-workers, Pablo (Ray Santiago) and Kelly, (Dana DeLorenzo), who realize he's to blame for what is going on. After having to kill his possessed neighbor, Ash reluctantly decides to resume his old chainsaw-wielding persona once again.

2
2
"Bait"
Michael J. Bassett
Dominic Dierkes
November 7, 2015 (2015-11-07)
0.276[34]

Pablo and Ash help Kelly who is worried about a strange call from her father and the sudden return of her lost mother, (Mimi Rogers), who was feared dead months ago. Ash remains suspicious of the mother, believing she's a Deadite impostor. Meanwhile Amanda follows leads that Ash Williams is behind the recent deaths and strange happenings around town, and decides to track him down. Ash and Pablo arrive at Kelly's father's house to find Kelly's mother acting normal. However, after being provoked at the dinner table by Ash, Kelly's mother reveals herself as a Deadite and kills Kelly's father with a fork. After a madcap fight between her and Ash, the Deadite tries to convince Kelly that she's fine now, but shows herself again and Ash kills her. After burying the two bodies, Kelly agrees to accompany Ash and Pablo, and the three drive away.

3
3
"Books from Beyond"
Michael J. Bassett
Sean Clements
November 14, 2015 (2015-11-14)
0.383[35]

With the mysterious Ruby one step behind them, Ash and his friends seek out Lionel, the owner of an occult bookstore, "Books from Beyond," to find a way to undo the evil curse. Lionel uses the Necronomicon to summon the demon Eligos in hopes of compelling it to give the answers Ash seeks. The ceremony goes awry when Amanda arrives to arrest Ash and Eligos escapes the summoning circle. In all the chaos, Ash does manage to get a cryptic response that the solution to his predicament resides within him.

4
4
"Brujo"
David Frazee
James E. Eagan
November 21, 2015 (2015-11-21)
0.448[36]

After dealing with the demon, Ash leaves the uncooperative Amanda handcuffed in the bookstore and trapped with a Deadite Lionel. She is saved however by Ruby, and after learning of her interest in Ash, the two join forces in hunting him down. Meanwhile Pablo takes Ash to meet his shaman uncle, a "Brujo", who may be able to help. Along the way, Kelly gets sick and acts strangely, having been unknowingly possessed by Eligos. Eventually the Brujo gives Ash a drug-induced vision of himself relaxing on a pier in Jacksonville, Florida, (Ash's idealized vacation spot), where his pet lizard Eli appears and tells him he must bury the Necronomicon deep in the place where everything started – the cabin in the woods. During the trip, a possessed Kelly attacks Ash.

5
5
"The Host"
David Frazee
Zoë Green
November 28, 2015 (2015-11-28)
0.430[37]

The Eligos-possessed Kelly convinces Pablo and his uncle that Ash is the one possessed. Elsewhere, Amanda and Ruby close in on Ash by using Ash's severed undead hand to guide them. The Brujo prepares for an exorcism while, back in Ash's trailer, Kelly tries to seduce Pablo and later kill him. Once the demon reveals himself the Brujo performs the exorcism on Kelly, forcing Eligos to leave, but not before the Brujo is killed. During a funeral for the Brujo, Pablo takes his uncle's sacred medallion. Back at the trailer, Pablo gives Ash a new mechanical hand that he had been working on.

6
6
"The Killer of Killers"
Michael Hurst
Nate Crocker
December 5, 2015 (2015-12-05)
0.402[38]

Ruby and Amanda arrive at the Brujo's ranch just having missed Ash, but the charred skeleton of the Brujo emerges from the funeral pyre and confronts Ruby telling her that she'll never have the book for herself. The two fall into the pyre which then explodes. Amanda leaves in Ruby's car but notices Ash's hand has disappeared. On their way to the cabin, Ash, Pablo and Kelly stop at a roadside diner to meet Lem, a old militia friend of Ash, and ask for help in acquiring some weapons. While Ash tries to scam his way out of paying the diner check, Pablo and Kelly return to the trailer and deal with the Necronomicon which comes alive and reacts to the Brujo's medallion. Meanwhile, Amanda confronts Ash and arrests him, just as her police chief arrives. Soon, however, the evil Kandarian force attacks the diner, spontaneously turning the police chief and a waitress into Deadites. Having barely escaped the horror, Lem calls his militia buddies to "arm up" but he is soon attacked by the force himself. Back at the smoldering diner, Amanda agrees to join up with Ash's group.

7
7
"Fire in the Hole"
Michael Hurst
Sean Clements, Dominic Dierkes and Ivan Raimi
December 12, 2015 (2015-12-12)
0.452[39]

Ash and his group go to meet the militiamen but find they have been attacked by a demon-possessed Lem. Lem attacks again, and Ash and Amanda become trapped in the militia's bunker with him. Meanwhile, Kelly and Pablo escape to the woods but the militiamen, (thinking the two are government agents and their friend Lem is infected with a government virus), hunt them down. Back at the Brujo's ranch, Ruby emerges from the funeral pyre unharmed; she goes to the diner and resumes her search for Ash. Eventually Pablo and Kelly rescue Ash and Amanda and get the weapons from the militia. Ash then unexpectedly vanishes. A closing scene shows Ash's severed hand crawling through the woods toward the cabin.

8
8
"Ashes to Ashes"
Tony Tilse
Michael J. Bassett
December 19, 2015 (2015-12-19)
0.465[40]

Armed with his chainsaw, shotgun and the Necronomicon, Ash returns to the sinister cabin after 30 years. He finds Amanda behind him who convinces him that he shouldn't face the evil alone. Meanwhile Kelly and Pablo are lost in the woods but find a group of hikers consisting of Brad, his fiancée and Heather, who lead them toward the cabin. At the cabin, Ash is taunted by the severed head of his old girlfriend Linda that he left in the work shed three decades ago. In the cabin, Amanda listens to the old tape recorder about the Necronomicon. Ash suddenly appears and tells her that they should just leave and be together, but Amanda notices his putrid hand and he attacks her. She manages to cut off and destroy the hand, but imposter-Ash impales her on the antlers of the deer head in the living room. The real Ash then finds Amanda just before she dies. Pablo and Kelly return and Ash tells them that she was killed by another Evil Ash that is running around somewhere.

9
9
"Bound in Flesh"
Tony Tilse
Rob Wright
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)
0.343[41]

Pablo and Kelly confront the two Ashes and, once they realize who the impostor is, they kill him. Ash decides to chop up the bodies of the impostor and Amanda before they turn into Deadites, but the hikers return. Pablo and Kelly lead them away while Ash dismembers his clone. Suddenly the Necronomicon starts talking to him, trying to convince him not to bury it. He throws the book in the refrigerator then notices Amanda has disappeared. Amanda, now a Deadite, attacks Pablo, Kelly and the hikers. She kills Brad and his fiancée and Heather breaks her leg. Ruby arrives and Amanda runs off. Returning to the cabin, Ruby confronts Ash, introducing herself as the one who's been cleaning up his mess. She explains that the book cannot be simply buried but needs to be dismantled. Ash agrees to destroy the book and cuts off its face, but once he hands it over Ruby begins a ritual to unleash the evil upon the entire world. Ruby claims to have written the Necronomicon and the face of the book animates and attaches itself to Pablo.

10
10
"The Dark One"
Rick Jacobson
Craig DiGregorio
January 2, 2016 (2016-01-02)
0.508[42]

Before Ash can react to what is going on, Amanda returns and attacks him. He manages to defeat her but notices Ruby and Pablo have disappeared into the cellar. He goes down to find them but the Kandarian force pounds the cabin and Ash falls down the steps. He suddenly finds himself back in his trailer with the Necronomicon. Ruby appears and tells him that he was destined to stand against her, and then tries to broker a truce by offering him what he desires the most – a peaceful retirement in Jacksonville. Refusing the offer, Ash finds himself back in the cellar and under attack by a demonic child that was belched up by Pablo who is under the control of the Necronomicon. Meanwhile, Kelly and Heather attempt to survive a demonic onslaught. Heather is killed while Kelly is locked out of the cabin. Ash again confronts Ruby, who promises to leave Ash and his friends alone in exchange for allowing her to release evil spirits (which she claims she can control) from the Necronomicon. Ash accepts the deal and starts driving to Jacksonville with Kelly and Pablo, while sinkholes begin to open up around the world.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Home"
Rick Jacobson
Craig DiGregorio
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27) (online)[43]
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02) (broadcast)
0.436[44]

While enjoying his time at Jacksonville, Ash is forced to come out of retirement after being attacked by Deadites summoned by Ruby. Ash (still in possession of the Kandarian Dagger), Pablo and Kelly return to Ash's hometown in Michigan, Elk Grove, where they meet up with his father, Brock (Lee Majors), who criticizes him for running away from the town after the events that transpired 30 years ago. While searching around town for Ruby, Ash encounters his former love, Linda Bates, who is married to the town's sheriff, Thomas Emery. Emery mocks Ash, and promises to take him in when he can. Pablo receives a vision, prompting the gang to head to the town's crematorium, where Ash finds an injured Ruby, claiming that her children have betrayed her, forcing her to hide the Necronomicon. After saving her from her three demon children, Ash and Ruby form a temporary alliance.

12
2
"The Morgue"
Tony Tilse
Cameron Welsh
October 9, 2016 (2016-10-09)
0.333[45]

Ruby reveals to the group that she hid the Necronomicon inside a corpse at the town morgue, which prompts Ash and Kelly to go retrieve it, while Pablo stays with her at Brock's house in order to find out about his visions. While attempting to get the book, Ash discovers that his old high school P.E. teacher, who is dating Brock, turns out to have been dead and is now a Deadite. Ash returns home just in time to stop the Deadite from raising hell. Meanwhile, Pablo's grasp on reality is tested when Ruby reveals that the Necronomicon has gifted him with premonitions, a detail seen in one from which Ruby deduces that her ex-husband, Baal, is the reason behind why all of her children have turned on her. At the end, Ash's car, the Delta, is stolen by two teenagers, while still carrying the Necronomicon in it.

13
3
"Last Call"
Tony Tilse
Noelle Valdivia
October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)
0.321[46]

In an attempt to lure the teenagers who stole his car to his place, Ash and his best buddy, Chet, devise a plan to throw a party at the bar, lure the thieves in, and get the Delta and the Necronomicon back. The plan backfires, however, as one of the teenagers' friends accidentally reads from the Necronomicon, allowing evil to possess her as well as the Delta, leading to a mass killing spree. The possessed teenager, Amber, heads to Ash's party, where she almost kills Brock before Ash intervenes. Brock realizes the truth about his son and shows his pride, but before he could reveal a secret to Ash, he is run over by the Delta. Meanwhile, Ruby attempts to convince Kelly that she is the one Ruby was supposed to be looking for.

14
4
"DUI"
Michael J. Bassett
Ivan Raimi
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
0.274[47]

The possessed Delta continues its rampage holding one of the teenagers, Lacey, hostage. It comes back and kidnaps Pablo as well. Ash takes Chet in tow, driving his car and pursues the Delta. Meanwhile, Ruby and Kelly head back to Ash's trailer to pick up weapons, where Ruby reveals that Baal can get into an individual's mind and manipulate them, and that she has been manipulated before. While they go back to the crematorium and kill the rest of her spawn, Ash continues chasing down Pablo, and Chet drops him off at an abandoned Demolition derby park. The Delta lets go of Pablo and Lacey, facing Ash by itself. While Pablo tries to deface the book, it tells him to read a passage. Ash stops the Delta, and they throw the book into the trunk of the car, a portal to hell, seemingly destroying it. Ruby, sensing the book's disappearance, runs back along with Kelly. A demon jumps out of the trunk at the end.

15
5
"Confinement"
Michael J. Bassett
William Bromell
October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
0.274[48]

Baal arrives on Earth and seduces a police officer before killing her and removing her skin. Ash is arrested for Amber's murder but is freed from his cell by Baal, disguised as the police officer. Pablo, Kelly and Ruby arrive at the police station to free Ash, while Lacey and Linda come looking for Sheriff Emery. Before going to look for the Kandarian Dagger, Ruby warns the group of Baal's ability to disguise himself by wearing peoples' skin, which sets the group on edge as they come to realise that any one of them could be Baal. Pablo reveals a strange rash to Ash and Kelly. Seeing Pablo's condition worsen, Emery believes that he is Baal, leading him to pull out his gun and threaten the group. Ruby returns with Ash's weapons and Ash defeats the reanimated flesh of a fallen police officer. On examining Pablo's rash, Ruby declares that he might be their only chance to stop Baal.

16
6
"Trapped Inside"
Mark Beesley
James E. Eagan
November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
0.330[49]

Ash, Kelly, Ruby, Linda and Lacey take Pablo back to Ash's house, where Ruby reveals that if they wait long enough, the required spell to send Baal back to hell will emerge on Pablo's skin. Baal uses his powers to convince Emery to lead a mob of Elk Grove townspeople to capture Ash. As the townspeople surround Ash's house, Ash hears a noise coming from Cheryl's room. Inside he sees Chet, who had come to warn him about the mob. The required spell emerges from Pablo's skin, while Ruby reveals to Kelly that birthing her demon "children" cost her her immortality. A Deadite Cheryl appears and fights Ash, killing Chet in the process. The fight is taken outside, where the townspeople are surprised to see Cheryl, seemingly alive. Ash kills her and reveals her to be a Deadite, thus convincing the people that he is not a murderer. Ash is then knocked out by Baal.

17
7
"Delusion"
Mark Beesley
Hank Chilton
November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
0.337[50]

Ash wakes up from a nightmare only to find himself in an asylum, where a man calling himself Doctor Peacock claims that Ash has been locked up since the murder of his friends at the cabin, and that everything about the Necronomicon was a delusion he made up to deny responsibility for his actions. Ash realizes that Peacock is none other than Baal, who is trying to break his mind through an illusion. Within the illusion he sees Ruby, as a nurse, Kelly as a fellow inmate, and Pablo as an orderly. Ash attempts to fight through the illusions, but fails time after time. After meeting with Linda, and seeing Ruby, Pablo and Kelly arrive outside the asylum, Ash then seemingly agrees to follow Baal's command to destroy the Necronomicon.

18
8
"Ashy Slashy"
Tony Tilse
Suzanne Keilly and Aaron Lam
November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
0.237[51]

Ruby, Pablo and Kelly enter the asylum and encounter Sheriff Emery, who got Linda to help him capture Ash in exchange for Lacey's freedom from Baal. Lacey, however, turns up as a Deadite and murders Emery, and is later killed by Kelly. Ruby and Pablo encounter Ash, who then tracks them down and takes Pablo to Baal. Kelly later meets up with Linda, who learns about the deaths of both her husband and daughter. She then resolves to take down Baal for good. They reach Pablo, where Ash reveals that he was never broken by Baal, and it was all part of his plan to get Pablo and Baal in the same room. Pablo then recites the incantation to send Baal back to Hell, but before disappearing, Baal slashes Pablo in the stomach, cutting him in half.

19
9
"Home Again"
Rick Jacobson
Jennifer Ames & Steve Turner
December 4, 2016 (2016-12-04)
0.266[52]

Distraught over the loss of Pablo, Ash and the gang attempt to travel back in time to ensure that young Ash will never see the Necronomicon. They return to the year 1982, before young Ash went to the cabin. As they travel to the woods, the gang is chased down by the Kandarian Demon, and Ruby and Kelly are separated from Ash, who run into the cabin. After a brief altercation with an evil foetus that attempts to infect Ash from his leg, Ash hears a faint voice crying for help from the cellar. He finds the voice to be coming from Henrietta Knowby, who claims to have been trapped and tortured here by her husband. While initially not believing her, Ash eventually discovers as Professor Knowby returns with one of his students, Tanya, who he plans to use to transfer the Kandarian Demon from within Henrietta onto her. Ash then frees Henrietta, just as he realizes he's been tricked, allowing her to run amok. In the midst of the chaos, Professor Knowby escapes with the Necronomicon and locks Ash and Tanya down in the cellar with Henrietta. Meanwhile, Ruby and Kelly are attacked by possessed trees, as well as being followed by a mysterious being.

20
10
"Second Coming"
Rick Jacobson
Luke Kalteux
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)
0.269[53]

As Professor Knowby attempts to escape the cabin, he is killed by the Ruby of year 1982, who then retrieves the Necronomicon. Henrietta murders Tanya, and battles Ash, but is ultimately defeated. As Ash reunites with present-day Ruby and Kelly, past Ruby learns of their involvement and then kills present-day Ruby, while Ash and Kelly attempt to escape. The effects of the timeline alteration take place as Ash notices the return of his missing right hand, and Pablo seemingly returning to life. However, he turns out to be Baal, who has secretly taken over Pablo's corpse rather than being banished. Baal and the alternate Ruby take Ash and Kelly back to the cabin, where they begin to perform rituals to give birth to their spawns. Ash proposes a fair fight between him and Baal, without the use of any magic or weapon. Baal gains the upper hand by using his powers to change form into Chet, Cheryl and Brock, tricking Ash and removing his right hand once more. As Baal prepares to execute Ash, however, he is outwitted and defeated. As the cabin begins to burn down and crumble, Baal, Ruby, their spawns, and the Necronomicon are seemingly banished to the Neitherworld (Hell) as part of the deal, while Pablo is brought back to life. Ash returns to his time, where Elk Grove reveres him as a hero, while the alternate Ruby watches him from afar. In a post-credit scene, the Necronomicon is picked up by an unknown traveler from the remains of the cabin.

text: Season 3 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [54]
Directed by [55]
Written by [55]
Original air date [32]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"Family"
Mark Beesley
Mark Verheiden
February 25, 2018 (2018-02-25)
0.225[56]

After the Necronomicon is once again found and read, the Evil Dead makes a return to Elk Grove. Ash reunites with Candace Barr, a former lover with whom he had a daughter, Brandy. Ash, Pablo and Candace rush to Kenward County High School in search of Brandy, who is being hunted down by the Kandarian Demon. They find Brandy and her friend Rachel in the music classroom, but a possessed Rachel then attacks and manages to decapitate Candace. Ash kills Rachel and then battles the possessed school mascot, Cougie, but Kelly, along with Dalton, a Knight of Sumeria, arrive and save Ash. Ruby, after retrieving the Necronomicon, performs a ritual, smearing her blood over a drawing of Ash and drinking it, causing her to be impregnated.

22
2
"Booth Three"
Mark Beesley
Rob Fresco
March 4, 2018 (2018-03-04)
0.171[57]

While driving on the road, Ruby is forced to stop to give birth to her new demonic spawn, which she claims to be modeled after Ash's image. She kidnaps Natalie, a Norwegian woman and uses her partner's corpse as food to feed the spawn. Ash takes Brandy to school, where she meets up with Ruby, who is disguised as the school's guidance counselor, Ms. Prevett. Ruby attempts to persuade her in distrusting Ash. Pablo is visited by a female spirit who warns him of evil taking over his body, and that he must embrace his destiny as the next Brujo. Dalton notices the Sumerian writing on Pablo's body, and attempts to convince Kelly that he must be killed to prevent future risks. Ash later goes to the local sperm bank to investigate whether his sperm had been used, but Ruby summons the Kandarian Demon to the bank to destroy his seeds. Ash manages to prevail, but realizes that he must now protect Brandy at all cost.

23
3
"Apparently Dead"
Diego & Andres Meza-Valdes
Ivan Raimi
March 11, 2018 (2018-03-11)
0.160[58]

While Ash is attending Candace's funeral, she becomes possessed and fights him. Brandy's distrust for Ash grows further. Ash, upon discovering Ruby's involvement, informs the gang to find the Kandarian Dagger. Pablo receives another vision from the female spirit, pointing them toward the cabin. Pablo, Kelly and Dalton return to the cabin and start digging through the remains; eventually Kelly finds the knife, but the Evil Dead then comes after them and impales Dalton through a tree branch. He quickly turns Deadite and demands the knife, but Pablo attempts to run him over with a truck. Ruby goes to the cemetery and resurrects Brock Williams, who then returns to his home and meets Brandy. Later, Ash returns and has a fight with Brock, ending with the latter being killed right in front of Brandy.

24
4
"Unfinished Business"
Daniel Nettheim
Nicki Paluga
March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)
0.176[59]

Ash is visited by the ghost of the real Brock, who shows him a vision of the past in 2012 when he was visited by a Knight of Sumeria, Gary, who carried the missing pages of the Necronomicon. Brock incapacitated the knight and locked him under the hardware store's cellar after thinking he was dead. Back in present day, Ash enters the cellar and finds the knight's skeleton, as well as Sumerian writing on the wall. Ruby is contacted by the sorceress Kaya, who is imprisoned in the Netherworld; the latter warns her of the inevitable prophecy and the opening of the Rift. She travels to the Knowby Cabin and finds Dalton, who she temporarily revives in order to learn of what he knew. Dalton reveals to Ruby of their finding of the dagger, but then shoots himself in the head to prevent himself from turning once more. Kelly returns to Ash's home and finds Brandy, who she attempts to convince to stay. They are however attacked by Pablo, who has been possessed by the Kandarian Demon; in the ensuing struggle, Pablo bites Kelly in her leg and infects her. The two girls retreat to Ash's trailer and barricade themselves in, but Kelly's infection worsens and mutates further. Ash arrives at Ruby's hideout, where he finds Natalie and Ruby's spawn, who has grown considerably. Ash tries to break Natalie free, but ends up waking the spawn from his sleep.

25
5
"Baby Proof"
Daniel Nettheim
Luke Kalteaux
March 25, 2018 (2018-03-25)
0.179[60]

Pablo manages to enter the trailer, but Brandy stabs him with the Kandarian Dagger. He then finds himself in a realm between life and death, where he meets the Brujo, who explains that Pablo must now perform a ritual to return to life and succeed him. He successfully completes the ritual and comes back to life, but then runs off to find Ash. Kelly determines to make Ruby pay for what she's done. Meanwhile, at Ruby's hideout, Ash realizes that her spawn is made in his image, and attempts to capture him to prove his story to Brandy. The spawn goes on the loose, and kills Natalie. It attempts to manipulate her corpse to fight Ash but eventually Ash traps it inside. He then takes the spawn to the hardware store, but it manages to consume Natalie's corpse and free himself. He attempts to explain the situation to Brandy and a local police officer, but fails. However, Brandy chooses to believe her father and runs off together with him, leaving the spawn in Ruby's possession once more.

26
6
"Tales from the Rift"
Regan Hall
Aaron Lam
April 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)
0.196[61]

Ash is contacted by a group of Knights of Sumeria, who he then takes to his hardware store to investigate the Sumerian writing. They deduce that the knight who died in the cellar, Gary, had figured out a way to open the gateway to the Deadlands, a dimension between the human world and Neitherworld (Hell). Pablo arrives at the store and is able to decipher the text, opening the portal. One of the knights, Marcus, travels through the portal to scout ahead, but comes back a demon and slaughters the rest of the knights except one. Ash manages to take down the Demon Marcus, then instructs Pablo to find out how to close down the rift for good. Kelly goes to Ruby's hideout with the dagger, intending to kill her; Ruby overpowers Kelly, however, and kills her with the Kandarian Dagger. She then uses Kelly's body as a vessel for Kaya. Ash returns home later that night and receives the dagger from Kaya, who now poses as Kelly in order to sabotage Ash's plan.

27
7
"Twist and Shout"
Mark Beesley
Caitlin Meares
April 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)
0.136[62]

Back at the hardware store, Pablo sees the real Kelly in the Rift through an opening in the Sumerian writing and learns of her death. He rushes to find Ash to break the news. Ash and Kaya take Brandy to the school dance, in hope of confronting Ruby. Unbeknownst to them, Ruby also takes her spawn, now having fully grown into a clone of Ash, to the school in an attempt to break Brandy's trust in her father. Rash (Ruby's Ash) terrorizes the school and murders many students, fooling Brandy into believing that her father is a demon. When Ash finally gets to Brandy, Ruby provokes her by plunging herself into Ash's chainsaw and faking her death. However, Brandy can't bring herself to kill Ash. Pablo arrives at the school and encounters Kaya, but manages to escape. He and Rash fight momentarily, before the real Ash kills the clone. Ruby, frustrated at Ash's continuous streak of victory, wakes up and throws the Kandarian Dagger at him, but Brandy blocks the attack by jumping in front of him and dies instead. She then wakes up in the Deadlands, and runs away from a lurking threat.

28
8
"Rifting Apart"
Mark Beesley
Bryan Hill
April 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)
0.175[63]

Ash and Pablo hijack the coroner's van to steal Brandy's body and make it back to the hardware store, where they then use the Kandarian Dagger to kill Ash and send him through the Rift, in hope of rescuing Brandy and Kelly. At the Deadlands, Brandy finds Kelly and Dalton, who have been evading a shadow creature lurking the dimension and consuming any spirit it comes across. Ash arrives in the Deadlands with both of his hands intact, and finds the other three. They attempt to run for the hardware store, but with the shadow creature blocking their path, Dalton volunteers to sacrifice himself as a distraction. Back at the hardware store, Pablo struggles with one of the possessed corpses from the coroner's van, whom Ash accidentally retrieved instead of Brandy's corpse. Pablo manages to open the portal in time, but Kelly is unable to make it back due to her body still being used by Kaya. Meanwhile, Kaya captures the surviving knight, Zoe, who Ruby attempts to use in order to help both her and Kaya survive the forthcoming wrath of the Dark Ones.

29
9
"Judgement Day"
Rick Jacobson
Rick Jacobson
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
0.130[64]

Ruby and Kaya use Zoe's body to make a new page for the Necronomicon, in order to hide their presence from the Dark Ones. Pablo discovers a connection between him and the Necronomicon, allowing him to see through its eyes. Ash determines to go back to their hideout and end Ruby's life. Pablo goes back to the hardware store only to find the Rift already open. The Dark Ones then come through and take the lost Necronomicon pages from Pablo, but spare his life. Back at Ash's house, Brandy fends off against the invading Kandarian Demon, but in the process, her phone is possessed and bites off her left thumb. Ash arrives at Ruby's place and attempts to fight them, but is quickly overpowered. Ruby destroys Ash's chainsaw and demands the location of the Rift, but the Dark Ones arrive and claim their souls, allowing Ash to retreat with the Necronomicon and Kelly's body. Ash returns to town, only to find that Evil Dead has terrorized it. The Dark Ones reclaim the Necronomicon, and begin chanting a spell, making a part of the Evil Dead turning into a gigantic creature known as Kandar the Destroyer.

30
10
"The Mettle of Man"
Rick Jacobson
Rick Jacobson
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
0.174[65]

The Evil Dead begins to terrorize every part of the world, prompting military forces to take action. Ash, Brandy and Pablo take Kelly's body back to the hardware store, where Pablo travels through the Rift to find her while Ash and Brandy fend off the Deadites. They successfully revive Kelly, but military forces declare they are releasing a nuke to destroy Kandar, which Pablo insists will only make it stronger. Pablo, Kelly and Brandy evacuate with the military, but Ash decides to stay behind. He commandeers a tank, attaches the Kandarian Dagger onto a tank round, and attracts Kandar's attention long enough to be able to fire the round through it, killing it for good. In the aftermath, an injured Ash is recovered by the Knights of Sumeria. He wakes up in a post-apocalyptic future, with a new augmented hand. Ash then meets an augmented woman, and asks her about Brandy. The woman promises to explain the situation to him while he drives her outside in a heavily modified Delta 88.

text: Music[edit]

text: Joseph LoDuca, a frequent Sam Raimi collaborator who composed the scores for the Evil Dead films, contributes the original music for Ash vs Evil Dead. The series also leverages excerpts from various 1970s and '80s popular songs, particularly featuring artists (e.g., Alice Cooper, Ted Nugent and Frijid Pink) from the greater Detroit area where much of the action is based (and where Raimi, Campbell and Tapert grew up). Multiple Deep Purple songs from the 1970s are also used ("Highway Star", "Space Truckin'", "Stormbringer", etc.). In an interview, Sam Raimi states that the music selected for the series is based on the lack of growth the Ash character has progressed over the past 30–35 years, and that, "the music should reflect the last time he was engaged in society, and living".[66]

text: On November 11, 2015, it was announced that the Joseph LoDuca music score entitled Ash vs Evil Dead: Music from the STARZ Original Series would be released by Varèse Sarabande digitally on December 11, 2015 and via audio CD on December 18, 2015.[67][68] The following are the tracks that are on that album:[67]

text: Furthermore, in the season two finale, a marching band plays Victory for MSU, the official fight song of Michigan State University, where Raimi and Tapert attended college.

text:
[show]Track listing

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Sheet Show / Main Title"
4:25

2.
"Ain't for Shabbas"
3:22

3.
"Linda / Where It Began"
2:20

4.
"Ash's Trip"
2:49

5.
"It Did Happen / Outta Here"
2:50

6.
"A Foul Wind Bloweth / Mom Returns"
2:47

7.
"Deer Amanda / Shut Up Linda"
3:50

8.
"The Handyman Can't"
0:46

9.
"Adios, Tio Brujo"
2:28

10.
"Soave Pablo / She Got Him"
2:34

11.
"Offer to Fisher / Handy Escape / She Was Ruby"
2:18

12.
"Let’s Start Over / Pablo's Process"
2:06

13.
"Kill Me Now / Perp's Getting Away"
2:07

14.
"No Accident"
1:59

15.
"Evil Catches Up"
1:11

16.
"Missed Ya'"
1:38

17.
"Amanda Returns"
2:38

18.
"Ritual"
2:17

19.
"Not My Boyfriend / Burn the Cabin"
1:22

20.
"Burn Baby / Mortal Toys"
3:52

21.
"Without Evil There Is No Good"
2:37

22.
"Ash's Theme"
1:35

Total length:
53:51

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical[edit]

text: The first season of Ash vs Evil Dead has received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 98% "Certified Fresh" rating based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus reading: "True to the movies that spawned it, Ash vs Evil Dead is a gory, hilarious, and audacious resurrection of Sam Raimi's beloved horror franchise."[69] Metacritic gave the season a rating of 75 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[70]

text: The second season has received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a score of 100%, based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus currently reads, "Ash vs. Evil Dead's sophomore season proves the show is in command of its characters and tone, turning up the gore, fun, and energy to deliver even more grisly, action-packed thrills and laughs."[71] On Metacritic, the season has a rating of 82 out of 100, based on 5 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."[72]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2016
Fangoria Chainsaw Awards[73]
Best Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Won

Best Actor on Television
Bruce Campbell
Won

Best Supporting Actress on Television
Dana DeLorenzo
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Horror Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Nominated

Best Actor on Television
Bruce Campbell
Won

Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards
Best TV Presentation
Ash vs Evil Dead (Episode: "Brujo")
Won[74]

2017
Fangoria Chainsaw Awards[75]
Best TV Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Nominated

Best TV Actor
Bruce Campbell
Won

Best TV Supporting Actor
Ray Santiago
Nominated

Best TV Supporting Actress
Dana DeLorenzo
Nominated

Best TV SFX
Roger Murray
Won

Saturn Awards[76][77]
Best Horror Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Nominated

Best Actor on a Television Series
Bruce Campbell
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor on a Television Series
Lee Majors
Nominated

2018
Best Horror Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Pending

Best Actor on a Television Series
Bruce Campbell
Pending

text: Media releases[edit]

text: Subscribers to Starz can stream episodes of the show on Amazon Video. Season two is not yet available for purchase or rental on Amazon without a Starz account.[78] On August 23, 2016, Anchor Bay Entertainment released the first season of the series on Blu-ray and DVD.[79] The second season hit home media in the fall of 2017.[80] On December 11, 2017, seasons one and two were made available to stream in certain regions on Netflix.[81]


document_title: The Tick (2016 TV series)

question_text: who is the actor that plays the tick

question_tokens: who is the actor that plays the tick

text: The Tick (2016 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The Tick is a nigh-invulnerable superhero in a blue tick costume who arrives in The City to help combat crime and uncover the mysterious figure behind the city's underworld. He befriends a nervous and mild-mannered young man called Arthur who becomes his sidekick. They come to realize that an apparently long-dead supervillain called "The Terror" may still be pulling the strings in the city's underworld.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Peter Serafinowicz as The Tick
Griffin Newman as Arthur Everest
Valorie Curry as Dot Everest
Brendan Hines as Superian
Yara Martinez as Miss Lint
Scott Speiser as Overkill
Jackie Earle Haley as The Terror

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Michael Cerveris as Ramses IV
Bryan Greenberg as Derek
Alan Tudyk as the voice of Dangerboat
Townsend Coleman as the voice of Midnight[2]
Kyle Catlett as young Arthur Everest
Kahlil Ashanti as Goat

text: Production[edit]

text: In March 2016, it was announced that Amazon Video had ordered a pilot for a The Tick reboot with Peter Serafinowicz starring as The Tick along with Griffin Newman as Arthur. Co-starring in the pilot would be Valorie Curry as Arthur's sister Dot and Brendan Hines as Superian. In April 2016, Jackie Earle Haley was cast as The Terror.[3] In September 2016, Amazon Prime picked up the show for a full season of 12 episodes.[4] On January 17, 2018, Amazon ordered a second season of 10 episodes, expected to premiere in 2019.[1]

text: Release[edit]

text: The pilot of The Tick premiered on Amazon Video on August 18, 2016. The first six episodes of the first season were released on August 25, 2017.[5] The remaining six episodes of the first season will be released on February 23, 2018.[6]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"Pilot"
Wally Pfister
Ben Edlund
August 18, 2016 (2016-08-18)

In a world where superheroes and supervillains are real, unassuming office temp Arthur is traumatized by the supervillain The Terror, having watched his actions lead to the death of his father when he was a young boy. While authorities and the superhero Superian believe The Terror has died, Arthur tracks evidence of a conspiracy theory that he is still alive. He tracks The Terror to crime boss Ramses IV and the Pyramid Gang, and witnesses Miss Lint, a villain with electrical powers and the former right-hand of the Terror, as well as Ramses's henchmen obtain a strange package. While spying on them, Arthur is discovered by the Tick, who takes a keen interest in his sense for justice, but events lead to Arthur being arrested. His sister Dot comes to free him, asking him to take his medication and stop tracking this conspiracy theory. The next morning, Arthur finds the Tick in his bed, having stolen the package (destroying the facility in process), which is revealed to be a superhero-like suit which the Tick wants Arthur to wear. Arthur orders the Tick to leave, and then tries on the suit for himself, just as he is attacked by Miss Lint and the henchmen.

2
2
"Where's My Mind"
Wally Pfister
Ben Edlund
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

The Tick arrives, throws Arthur out his window to save him, and easily defeats Miss Lint's gang, in the process causing Miss Lint to lose her grounding. Arthur flees and tries to hide but is later found by the Tick. Arthur starts to wonder if the Tick is just a figment of his imagination, but Dot then shows up, as Arthur had not returned her calls, and assures Arthur she can see the Tick, whom she had heard about when stitching up some of Ramses men caught in the explosion caused by the Tick. She warns Arthur to stay away from the Tick, and that he has work the next day. Miss Lint reports her failure to regain the suit to Ramses, who threatens her to recover the suit or be killed. That night, Arthur, still wearing the suit, finds himself trailed by a number of Ramses henchmen, just as Overkill arrives and brutally murders them all.

3
3
"Secret / Identity"
Romeo Tirone
David Fury
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

Overkill threatens Arthur, as he also wants the suit, but the cops arrive and he runs off, leaving Arthur alone. Arthur feigns being a superhero to clear himself of the crime, and returns to his apartment just as Miss Lint arrives. She knocks him out and takes the suit, but also sees one of Arthur’s newspaper clippings related to The Terror and takes it too. Arthur wakes up and is nearly late for work, unaware that Overkill is tracking him. When the Tick tries to tell him to skip his job, Arthur learns the Tick only has memories since when they met. He convinces the Tick to seek out the identity of Overkill as he works. While at his job, Arthur is attacked by Overkill but the Tick comes to his rescue. The two fight, and Overkill kicks the Tick out the window.

4
4
"Party Crashers"
Sheree Folkson
Joe Piarulli and Luan Thomas
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

The Tick crashes to the ground but is unharmed. Overkill learns Arthur no longer has the super suit, but takes his file on The Terror, impressed with the quality of Arthur’s research. Dot reminds Arthur that today is his step-father's birthday party, and he reluctantly attends. The Tick crashes the party. Miss Lint learns that the suit imprinted on Arthur, making him the only one who can use it. She arrives at the party and forces Arthur to put on the suit. He does so, and the two scuffle, which ends Arthur flying out the window.

5
5
"Fear of Flying"
Lev L. Spiro
Susan Hurwitz Arneson
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

The automatic controls of the suit causes Arthur to start flying uncontrollably across the city. Arthur manages to call Dot and has her and the Tick help him as he finds a way to gain control of the suit and lands. Just as the Tick and Dot arrive, Overkill also appears, demanding Arthur turn over the suit, but the Tick steps in to defend him. Ramses and the Pyramid gang, who had been tracking the suit, appear, and a firefight breaks out, but the Tick and Overkill easily defeat the men. Overkill takes an unconscious Ramses into his possession. Arthur, Dot, the Tick, and Overkill agree to work together to discover the secret behind the suit, and learn that it was created to fight an alien, specifically Superian, the first superhero. When they learn Ramses wants it, they deduce that Arthur was actually correct, that Ramses is working for a very-much alive The Terror, who appears in Miss Lint's apartment.

6
6
"Rising"
Romeo Tirone
Jose Molina
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

While Overkill wants to kill Ramses, Arthur insists they drop him off at AEGIS, the agency that oversees superheroes and supervillains, but find the office had been closed years prior. He and the Tick are attacked by the Pyramid Gang to rescue Ramses, and while they are uninjured, their attack sends a bus over the edge of a bridge. The Tick and Arthur successfully rescue all the passengers in front of numerous eyewitnesses, making them heroes to the city. Meanwhile, The Terror explains to Lint how he needed to fake his death as to encourage Miss Lint to take her own actions. Inspired by his words, she goes and kills Ramses. That evening, as the Tick and Arthur celebrate their new celebrity, Arthur is kidnapped by an unseen assailant. While the Tick discovers Arthur missing, Arthur awakens in a dark room, where he is approached by the Terror.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating with an average rating of 7.3/10 based on 37 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Likeable characters add realism and heart to the tongue-in-cheek humor and high-octane action that fuels The Tick."[7] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100, based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[8]

text: Rick Austin of Fortress of Solitude gave the show a score of 4/5 and felt that the show had managed to fix several of the flaws he saw in the pilot episode. He concluded "With so few good superhero comedies out there, this is exactly the show the world needs."[9]