document_title: Double (basketball)

question_text: who scored a quadruple double in the nba

text: Double (basketball)

text: Double-double[edit]

text: A double-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in two of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common double-double combination is points and rebounds, followed by points and assists.[2] Double-doubles are fairly common in the NBA. During the 2008–09 season, 69 players who were eligible for leadership in the main statistical categories recorded at least 10 double-doubles during the season.[3]

text: Special double-doubles are rare. One such double-double is called double double-double (also referred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game.[4][5][6] Another such double-double is called a triple double-double (also referred to as 30–30).[7] The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game.

text: NBA[edit]

text: Double-double leaders (in regular season)[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the 1983–84 season:

text:
^
Denotes active player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

text:
Point-rebound[8]

Rank
Name
Total

1
Duncan, TimTim Duncan
841

2
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
811

3
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
774

4
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett
741

5
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
727

6
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
706

7
Howard, DwightDwight Howard^
705

8
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
580

9
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
543

10
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
520

11
Willis, KevinKevin Willis
488

12
Randolph, ZachZach Randolph^
480

13
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo*
469

14
Williams, BuckBuck Williams
459

15
Webber, ChrisChris Webber
440

16
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
435

17
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
430

18
Marion, ShawnShawn Marion
427

19
Oakley, CharlesCharles Oakley
426

20
Thorpe, OtisOtis Thorpe
411

Point-assist[9]

Rank
Name
Total

1
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
714

2
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
514

3
Nash, SteveSteve Nash
436

4
Paul, ChrisChris Paul*
408

5
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas
408

6
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd^
402

7
Johnson, KevinKevin Johnson
319

8
Westbrook, RussellRussell Westbrook^
281

9
Williams, DeronDeron Williams^
275

10
Strickland, RodRod Strickland
271

11
Jackson, MarkMark Jackson
242

Payton, GaryGary Payton*
242

13
Wall, JohnJohn Wall^
224

14
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
279

15
Marbury, StephonStephon Marbury
210

16
Miller, AndreAndre Miller
197

17
James, LeBronLeBron James^
192

18
Porter, TerryTerry Porter
188

19
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
181

20
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
177

text: Facts[edit]

text: Longest continuous streak of double-doubles: According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wilt Chamberlain holds the record with 227 consecutive double-doubles from 1964 to 1967.[10] Chamberlain also holds the second and third longest continuous streaks of double-doubles with 220 and 133.[10] This record is before the ABA–NBA merger in 1976. The longest streak of double-doubles since the merger was 53 games, achieved by Kevin Love, then of the Minnesota Timberwolves.[11]

text: Triple-double[edit]

text: A triple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in three of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common way for a player to achieve a triple-double is with points, rebounds, and assists, though on occasion players may record 10 or more steals or blocked shots in a game.[12] The origin of the term "triple-double" is unclear. Some sources claim that it was coined by former Los Angeles Lakers public relations director Bruce Jolesch in the 1980s in order to showcase Magic Johnson's versatility,[13][14] while others claim that it was coined by then Philadelphia 76ers media relations director Harvey Pollack in 1980.[15][16] The triple-double became an officially recorded statistic during the 1979–80 season.

text: There has been occasional controversy surrounding triple-doubles made when a player achieves the feat with a late rebound. Players with nine rebounds in a game have sometimes been accused of deliberately missing a shot late in the game in order to recover the rebound; a few have even gone so far as shooting off their opponent's basket trying to score a triple-double. To deter this, NBA rules allow rebounds to be nullified if the shot is determined not to be a legitimate scoring attempt.[17]

text: NBA[edit]

text: From the 1990–91 to the 2010–11 season, the NBA averaged 34.5 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 36 games.[19]

text: From the 2011–12 to the 2016–17 season, the NBA saw a dramatic increase in the number of triple-doubles, with an average of 57.33 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 22 games.[20] Russell Westbrook was responsible for 74 of the triple-doubles during that span, or 21.5% of the 344 total triple-doubles.

text: Since the 1983–84 season, 25 triple-doubles have been recorded by players coming off the bench; Detlef Schrempf recorded three with the Indiana Pacers.[21][22]

text: Triple-double leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season triple-double leaders:

text:
All-time triple-double leaders

Rank
Name
Triple-doubles

1
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
181[23]

2
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
138[23]

3
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd
107[24][25]

4
Westbrook, RussellRussell Westbrook^
104[26]

5
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
78[23]

6
James, LeBronLeBron James^
73[23]

7
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
59[27]

8
Lever, FatFat Lever
43[23]

9
Harden, JamesJames Harden^
35[28]

10
Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
33[29]

11
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
31[30]

Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
31[31]

13
Hill, GrantGrant Hill
29[32]

14
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
28[23]

15
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
26[33]

16
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
25[23]

17
Frazier, WaltWalt Frazier*
23[34]

18
Green, DraymondDraymond Green^
22[35]

19
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*
21[36]

Richardson, Micheal RayMicheal Ray Richardson
21

Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
21[37]

text: Facts[edit]

text:
First triple-double in league history: According to the Harvey J. Pollack NBA Statistical Yearbook, Dolph Schayes (Syracuse Nationals) might have logged the league's first triple-double on February 8, 1951, versus the New York Knicks. He had 18 points, 22 rebounds and 13 assists.[38]
Averaging a triple-double in a single season: Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati Royals) and Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) are the only players in NBA history to achieve this feat.[13][39] During the 1961–62 season, Robertson averaged 30.8 points, 12.5 rebounds, and 11.4 assists per game.[13][40] Although Robertson only achieved the feat for a full season once, his cumulative stats over his first 5 seasons gave him an average of 30.3 points, 10.4 rebounds, and 10.6 assists per game.[40] Westbrook is the only player to achieve this feat twice, that too in consecutive seasons. Westbrook finished the 2016–17 season averaging 31.6 points, 10.7 rebounds, and 10.4 assists, and followed it up in 2017–18 with averages of 25.4 points, 10.1 rebounds, and 10.3 assists.[41]
Most triple-doubles in a single season: In 2016–17, Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 42 triple-doubles.[39][42]
Most triple-doubles in road games in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 17 of 42 triple-doubles in away games.[43]
Most 50-point triple-doubles in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded three 50-point triple-doubles in the 2016–17 season. James Harden is the other player to record more than one 50-point triple double with two in the same season.[43] It is more than likely that Wilt Chamberlain recorded many 50-point triple-doubles during his historic 1961-62 NBA season, but they remain unofficial, as steals and blocked shots were not yet recorded as official statistics.[38]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season

Rank
Name
Triple-doubles
Team
NBA season

1
Russell Westbrook
42
Oklahoma City Thunder
2016–17

2
Oscar Robertson
41
Cincinnati Royals
1961–62

3
Wilt Chamberlain
31
Philadelphia 76ers
1967–68

4
Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1960–61

Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1963–64

6
Russell Westbrook
25
Oklahoma City Thunder
2017–18

7
Oscar Robertson
22
Cincinnati Royals
1964–65

Wilt Chamberlain
22
Philadelphia 76ers
1966–67

James Harden
22
Houston Rockets
2016–17

10
Oscar Robertson
20
Cincinnati Royals
1962–63

11
Magic Johnson
18
Los Angeles Lakers
1981–82

Russell Westbrook
18
Oklahoma City Thunder
2015–16

LeBron James
18
Cleveland Cavaliers
2017–18

13
Magic Johnson
17
Los Angeles Lakers
1988–89

14
Fat Lever
16
Denver Nuggets
1985–86

15
Michael Jordan
15
Chicago Bulls
1988–89

17
Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1987–88

Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1990–91

Grant Hill
13
Detroit Pistons
1996–97

Jason Kidd
13
New Jersey Nets
2007–08

Draymond Green
13
Golden State Warriors
2015–16

LeBron James
13
Cleveland Cavaliers
2016–17

text:
Most triple-doubles in NBA playoffs: Magic Johnson recorded 30 playoff triple-doubles over his career; LeBron James is second with 20.[44]
Most triple-doubles in NBA Finals: LeBron James recorded 9 Finals triple-doubles over his career.
Averaging a triple-double in an NBA Finals: LeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers), in the 2017 Finals, averaged 33.6 points, 12.0 rebounds, and 10.0 assists per game.
Youngest player: Markelle Fultz (Philadelphia 76ers), aged 19 years and 317 days, logged a triple-double on April 11, 2018, versus the Milwaukee Bucks. He had 13 points, 10 rebounds, and 10 assists.[45]
Oldest player: Karl Malone (Los Angeles Lakers), aged 40 years and 127 days—the only 40-year-old player to do so—logged a triple-double on November 28, 2003, versus the San Antonio Spurs. He had 10 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 assists.[46]
Fastest triple-double: Nikola Jokić (Denver Nuggets), holds the record for the fastest triple double. On February 15, 2018, Jokić recorded the mark in 14 minutes and 33 seconds against the Milwaukee Bucks.[47] The previous fastest triple double had held for almost 63 years, as on February 20, 1955 Jim Tucker (Syracuse Nationals), in his rookie year, recorded the mark in just 17 minutes, with 12 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists in a 104-84 win over the New York Knicks.[48]
Double-triple-double[49] (at least 20 of any 3 statistics): Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) is the only player to have accomplished this; in a February 2, 1968 game versus Detroit Pistons, Chamberlain tallied 22 points, 25 rebounds, and 21 assists.[50]
Most points scored in a triple-double: James Harden (Houston Rockets) holds the record for the most points scored in a triple-double with 60 points, 10 rebounds, and 11 assists on January 30, 2018, against the Orlando Magic. The previous record was 57 points by Russell Westbrook.[51][52]
Triple-double not including points: The only such triple-double occurred on February 10, 2017, when Draymond Green (Golden State Warriors) scored only 4 points, but collected 12 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals against the Memphis Grizzlies. Green also recorded five blocked shots in the game.[53]
Longest continuous streak of triple-doubles: Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) holds the record for the most consecutive triple-doubles. In 1968, from March 8 to March 20, he recorded a triple-double in nine straight games.[54] The second longest streak is seven, a record jointly held by Robertson, Michael Jordan, and Westbrook.[55][56][57]
Triple-doubles by teammates: Has occurred three times in the NBA.

March 14, 1964, Donnie Butcher (Detroit Pistons) had 19 points, 15 rebounds, and 15 assists and Ray Scott had 23 points, 20 rebounds, and 11 assists against the New York Knicks.[58]
January 3, 1989, Michael Jordan (Chicago Bulls) had 41 points, 11 assists, and 10 rebounds and Scottie Pippen had 15 points, 12 assists, and 10 rebounds against the Los Angeles Clippers.[59]
April 7, 2007, New Jersey Nets Vince Carter had 46 points, 16 rebounds, and 10 assists and Jason Kidd had 10 points, 16 rebounds, and 18 assists against the Washington Wizards.[60]

Triple-doubles by opponents: This has occurred only 13 times since 1983–84, four times involving Jason Kidd (while playing for three different teams):[38]

Magic Johnson and Jeff Ruland (Los Angeles at Washington, February 10, 1984)[61]
Jason Kidd and Clyde Drexler (Dallas at Houston, April 11, 1995)[62]
Kidd and Drexler (Phoenix at Houston, March 22, 1997)[63]
Gary Payton and Chris Webber (Seattle at Sacramento, April 18, 2000)[64]
Kidd and Jay Williams (New Jersey at Chicago, November 9, 2002)[65]
Kidd and Tracy McGrady (New Jersey at Orlando, February 23, 2003)[66]
Caron Butler and Baron Davis (Washington at Golden State, November 23, 2007)[67]
Victor Oladipo and Michael Carter-Williams (Orlando at Philadelphia, December 3, 2013 (2 OT))[68]

Oladipo and Carter-Williams were both rookies when accomplishing the feat, marking the first and only time in NBA history that two rookies have recorded triple-doubles in the same game. These were the first career triple-doubles for both players. The last time that two players had recorded their first career triple-doubles in the same game was when Donnie Butcher and Ray Scott (Detroit Pistons) did it on March 14, 1964 (they were not rookies).[69]

Russell Westbrook and Giannis Antetokounmpo (Oklahoma City at Milwaukee, March 6, 2016)[70]
LeBron James and Stephen Curry (Cleveland at Golden State, June 4, 2017)
Giannis Antetokounmpo and Nikola Jokić (Denver at Milwaukee, February 15, 2018)[71]
D’Angelo Russell and Kyle Lowry (Brooklyn at Toronto, March 23, 2018)
Ben Simmons and LeBron James (Cleveland at Philadelphia, April 6, 2018)

text: NCAA Division I[edit]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a career:

Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU, 2010–12, 2014–16) with 12 — six in 2014–15 and six again as a senior in 2015–16.[72] Prior to the triple-double being tracked as an NCAA statistic, Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati) had 10—five in 1958–59 and five in 1959–60.[73]
Women's: Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon, 2016–present) with 10 – four in 2016–17 and six in 2017–18.[74]

Consecutive triple-doubles: In Division I men's play, David Edwards (Texas A&M), Penny Hardaway (Memphis State), Tony Lee (Robert Morris), Gerald Lewis (SMU), Shaquille O’Neal (LSU), and Kevin Roberson (Vermont) each recorded two consecutive games with a triple-double.[75]

text: Uniquely, Danielle Carson recorded three consecutive triple-doubles in the 1985–86 season, becoming the only Division I player of either sex to do so. She began by recording 12 points, 10, rebounds, and 12 assists against Akron on November 29, 1985. The following day, she recorded 20 points, 12 rebounds, and at least 20 assists against Kent State (her exact assists total in that game is unknown). Finally, on December 2 against Cleveland State, Carson recorded 26 points, 15 rebounds, and 14 assists.[76]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season:

Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU), with six – performed twice: in the 2014–15 season, and again in 2015–16.[72]
Women's: Danielle Carson (Youngstown State) and Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon), each with six — Carson in 1985–86[76] and Ionescu in 2017–18.

Triple-doubles in NCAA tournament history:

text:
Name
Team
Score
Opponent
Round
Date
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson
Cincinnati
98–85
Louisville
Third place
000000001959-03-21-0000March 21, 1959
39
39
17
10
—
—
[78]

Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson
Michigan State
95–64
Lamar
Second round
000000001979-03-10-0000March 10, 1979
35
13
17
10

Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson
Michigan State
101–67
Penn
Final Four
000000001979-03-24-0000March 24, 1979
35
29
10
10
3
0
[78]

Grant, GaryGary Grant
Michigan
97–109
North Carolina
Second round
000000001987-03-14-0000March 14, 1987
39
24
10
10
1
0
[79]

O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal
LSU
94–83
BYU
First round
000000001992-03-19-0000March 19, 1992
31
26
13
4
1
11
[78]

Cain, DavidDavid Cain
St. John's
85–67
Texas Tech
First round
000000001993-03-18-0000March 18, 1993
37
12
11
11
1
0
[80]

Miller, AndreAndre Miller
Utah
76–51
Arizona
Elite Eight
000000001998-03-21-0000March 21, 1998
36
18
14
13
2
1
[78]

Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade
Marquette
83–69
Kentucky
Elite Eight
000000002003-03-29-0000March 29, 2003
35
29
11
11
1
4
[78]

Aldrich, ColeCole Aldrich
Kansas
60–43
Dayton
Second round
000000002009-03-22-0000March 22, 2009
31
13
20
1
0
10
[81]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
Michigan State
76–78
UCLA
First round
000000002011-03-17-0000March 17, 2011
37
23
11
10
4
0
[82]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
Michigan State
89–67
Long Island
Second round
000000002012-03-16-0000March 16, 2012
35
24
12
10
1
0
[83]

text:
Name
Team
Score
Opponent
Round
Date
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

Lander, CassandraCassandra Lander
Cincinnati

Georgia
First round
000000001982-03-12-0000March 12, 1982
17
11
10
—
—
[76]

Donovan, AnneAnne Donovan
Old Dominion

Penn State
Elite Eight
000000001983-03-26-0000March 26, 1983
20
13
—
—
12
[76]

Davis, JoniJoni Davis
Missouri

LSU
First round
000000001984-03-18-0000March 18, 1984
14
11
10
—
—
[76]

Meier, KatieKatie Meier
Duke

Manhattan
First round
000000001987-03-11-0000March 11, 1987
16
11
10
—
—
[76]

Jordan, PaulinePauline Jordan
UNLV

Colorado
Second round
000000001989-03-18-0000March 18, 1989
22
17
—
—
11
[76]

Henning, SonjaSonja Henning
Stanford

Cal State Fullerton
Second round
000000001991-03-16-0000March 16, 1991
19
10
10
—
—
[76]

Johnson, NiesaNiesa Johnson
Alabama

Duke
Second round
000000001995-03-18-0000March 18, 1995
28
12
14
—
—
[76]

Henderson, TracyTracy Henderson
Georgia

Louisville
Second round
000000001995-03-19-0000March 19, 1995
14
13
—
—
10
[76]

Penicheiro, TichaTicha Penicheiro
Old Dominion

Saint Francis (PA)
First round
000000001998-03-13-0000March 13, 1998
22
—
15
14
—
[76]

Powell, NicoleNicole Powell
Stanford

Weber State
First round
000000002002-03-16-0000March 16, 2002
20
11
10
—
—
[76]

Powell, NicoleNicole Powell
Stanford

Tulane
Second round
000000002002-03-18-0000March 18, 2002
16
10
10
—
—
[76]

Haynie, KristinKristin Haynie
Michigan State

Vanderbilt
Sweet Sixteen
000000002005-03-27-0000March 27, 2005
16
10
10
—
—
[76]

Diggins, SkylarSkylar Diggins
Notre Dame
80–49
Maryland
Elite Eight
000000002012-03-27-0000March 27, 2012
13
10
10
—
—
[76]

Mosqueda-Lewis, KaleenaKaleena Mosqueda-Lewis
Connecticut
91–52
Saint Joseph's
Second round
000000002014-03-25-0000March 25, 2014
20
10
10
—
—
[76]

Logic, SamanthaSamantha Logic
Iowa
66–81
Baylor
Sweet Sixteen
000000002015-03-27-0000March 27, 2015
13
10
14
—
—
[76]

Ionescu, SabrinaSabrina Ionescu
Oregon
88–45
Seattle
First round
000000002018-03-16-0000March 16, 2018
19
10
11
—
—
[74]

text:
Others

Kalara McFadyen of Memphis achieved perhaps the most unusual triple-double in history, and she did it without scoring a point or even attempting a shot from either the field or the free-throw line. On February 3, 2002, in a women's Division I game against Charlotte, she had 12 assists, 10 steals, and 10 rebounds.[84][85]

text: Quadruple-double[edit]

text: A quadruple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in four of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocked shots—in a game.[86] This feat is extremely rare:[86][87] only four players have officially recorded a quadruple-double in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The first American male player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Nate Thurmond, who achieved this feat in 1974 while playing for the NBA's Chicago Bulls. The first American female player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Ann Meyers, who achieved this feat in 1978 while playing for the UCLA Bruins, when women's college sports were under the auspices of the AIAW.[88] The first male player in NCAA Division I history to record a quadruple-double was Lester Hudson in 2007.[89] The first Division I women's player to have officially recorded a quadruple-double since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981–82 was Veronica Pettry of Loyola–Chicago in 1989. Only three other women have done so since, and Shakyla Hill's quadruple-double for Grambling State in 2018 was the first since 1993. An earlier player, Jackie Spencer of Louisville, accomplished the feat against Cincinnati during the 1984–85 season, but the NCAA did not record assists and steals throughout Division I women's basketball at that time. The Metro Conference, then home to both schools, did officially record these statistics, but the NCAA did not start doing so until 1985–86 for assists and 1987–88 for steals.[76]

text: NBA[edit]

text: Quadruple-doubles have only been possible since the 1973–74 season, when the NBA started recording both blocked shots and steals. It is often speculated by observers that other all-time greats, namely Oscar Robertson (all time triple-doubles leader with 181[90][91]), Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell and Jerry West could conceivably have had quadruple-doubles.[87] West's biography at NBA.com claims that he once recorded an unofficial quadruple-double with 44 points, 12 rebounds, 10 assists and 10 blocks.[92] A biography of Wilt Chamberlain claims that he also recorded an unofficial quadruple-double in Game 1 of the 1967 Eastern Division Finals against the Boston Celtics, when he had 24 points, 32 rebounds, 13 assists and 12 blocks.[93]

text: The reason why [the quadruple-double] is such a hard thing to accomplish is because it requires a player to be completely dominant on both ends of the court without being too selfish—so he can get the assists—and without fouling out trying to block every shot or grab every rebound. A lot of guys can get the points, rebounds and assists, but it's the defensive stuff that messes everybody up. You have to love defense to get a quadruple-double. There's no way around it.

text: The four players listed below are the only players who have officially recorded a quadruple-double in an NBA game. Except for Thurmond, who retired before the award was established in 1983, all of them have won NBA Defensive Player of the Year at least once.[94]

text:
Name
Date
Team
Score
Opponent
Min
Points
Reb
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Ref

Thurmond, NateNate Thurmond*
000000001974-10-18-0000October 18, 1974
Chicago Bulls
120–115
Atlanta Hawks
45
22
14
13
1
12
Yes (OT)
[95]

Robertson, AlvinAlvin Robertson
000000001986-02-18-0000February 18, 1986
San Antonio Spurs
120–114
Phoenix Suns
36
20
11
10
10
0
No
[96]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
000000001990-03-29-0000March 29, 1990
Houston Rockets
120–94
Milwaukee Bucks
40
18
16
10
1
11
No
[97]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
000000001994-02-17-0000February 17, 1994
San Antonio Spurs
115–96
Detroit Pistons
43
34
10
10
2
10
No
[98]

text: Only seven other players (Clyde Drexler did it twice) have managed to finish with triple-doubles and a total of 9 in a fourth statistical category (statistical categories in which they fell short are in bold):

text:
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

Barry, RickRick Barry*
000000001974-10-29-0000October 29, 1974
Golden State Warriors
Buffalo Braves
43
30
10
11
9
—
No
[99][100]

Steele, LarryLarry Steele
000000001974-11-16-0000November 16, 1974
Portland Trail Blazers
Los Angeles Lakers
44
12
11
9
10
—
No
[101][102]

Moore, JohnnyJohnny Moore
000000001985-01-08-0000January 8, 1985
San Antonio Spurs
Golden State Warriors
36
26
11
13
9
—
No
[103]

Bird, LarryLarry Bird*[a]
000000001985-02-18-0000February 18, 1985
Boston Celtics
Utah Jazz
33
30
12
10
9
—
No
[104][105]

Richardson, Micheal RayMicheal Ray Richardson
000000001985-10-30-0000October 30, 1985
New Jersey Nets
Indiana Pacers
54
38
11
11
9
—
Yes (3 OT)
[106]

Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
000000001986-01-10-0000January 10, 1986
Portland Trail Blazers
Milwaukee Bucks
42
26
9
11
10
—
No
[102]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[b]
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
Houston Rockets
Golden State Warriors
40
29
18
9[b]
5
11
No
[107]

Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
000000001996-11-01-0000November 1, 1996
Houston Rockets
Sacramento Kings
42
25
10
9
10
—
No
[108]

text: Notes

text:
a Bird sat out the entire fourth quarter. After three quarters, head coach K. C. Jones informed Bird that he was one steal away from a quadruple-double and asked if he wanted to stay in the game. Bird declined, saying that he "already did enough damage."[109][110]
b Olajuwon was credited with 9 assists in the original box score. However, after Rockets officials reviewed the game tape and discovered what they believe was an uncredited assist in the first quarter, they revised the box score, crediting Olajuwon with 10 assists and the third quadruple-double in NBA history. NBA's director of operations, Rod Thorn, requested to review the tape. After reviewing the tape, the league disallowed Olajuwon's quadruple-double and announced that his original line—with 9 assists—is official.[111][112]

text: Other men's basketball[edit]

text:
League
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

NJCAA
Francis, SteveSteve Francis
000000001997-11-16-0000November 16, 1997
Allegany College of Maryland
Vincennes
24
10
11
10
—
—
[113]

French National League
Lewis, DerrickDerrick Lewis[c]
000000001990-02-24-0000February 24, 1990
Reims
Lorient
20
11
—
12
10
No
[114]

National Basketball League (Australia)
Rowe, DarenDaren Rowe[d]
000000001990-01-01-00001990
Geelong Supercats
North Melbourne Giants
25
17
11
—
11
No
[115]

Chinese Basketball Association
Hu Xuefeng
000000002004-12-08-0000December 8, 2004
Jiangsu Dragons
Yunnan Bulls
16
10
12
10
—
No
[116]

FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
Rubio, RickyRicky Rubio
000000002006-08-19-0000August 19, 2006
Spain
Croatia
19
10
13
11
—
No
[117]

Metropolitan Basketball Association
Belano, DonbelDonbel Belano
000000001999-08-14-0000August 14, 1999
Davao Eagles
Nueva Ecija Patriots
19
11
11
10
—
No
[117]

American Basketball Association (2000–)
Staten, JamelJamel Staten
000000002007-02-02-0000February 2, 2007
Minnesota Ripknees
St. Louis Stunners
17
11
11
10
—
No
[118]

NCAA (Division I)
Hudson, LesterLester Hudson[e]
000000002007-11-13-0000November 13, 2007
UT Martin
Central Baptist
25
12
10
10
1
No
[89][119]

Continental Basketball Association
Blackburn, JermaineJermaine Blackburn
000000002008-12-20-0000December 20, 2008
East Kentucky Miners
West Virginia Wild
22
10
14
10
—
No
[120]

High school boys
Benimon, JerrelleJerrelle Benimon
000000002009-02-17-0000February 17, 2009
Fauquier HS
Osbourn HS
13
17
11
—
10
No
[121]

Chinese Basketball Association
Williams, ChrisChris Williams
000000002009-12-25-0000December 25, 2009
Qingdao Doublestar
Dongguan Leopards
15
11
11
11
—
No
[122]

High school boys
Isaiah Grant
000000002014-12-06-0000December 6, 2014
Sequoia Pathway Academy
Berean Academy
11
10
10
10
–
No
[123]

NJCAA
Clifford Wilson
000000001979-02-14-0000February 14, 1979
Fulton-Montgomery
Hudson Valley
31
18
10
—
15
No
[citation needed]

NJCAA
Monroe Pippins
000000001995-02-09-0000February 9, 1995
Fulton-Montgomery
Herkimer
34
17
10
11
—
No
[citation needed]

Ukrainian First league
Vitaliy Bykov
000000002016-12-17-0000December 17, 2016
BC Zaporizhya-2
BC Kramatorsk
14
13
11
12
—
No
[124]

Liga Super Basketball U-18
Natan Oliveira
000000002017-04-08-0000April 8, 2017
Colégio Sul Americano
Rappers
32
11
10
16
—
No
[125]

text: Notes

text:
c This is the only quadruple-double in French National League history.[114]
d This is the only quadruple-double in National Basketball League history.[115]
e This is the only quadruple-double in NCAA Division I men's basketball history.[89] The opponent, Central Baptist, plays in the NAIA.

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: Mostly accurate as of January 2018[update]. NCAA records are complete for Divisions I and II, but not for Division III; specifically, entering the 2017–18 season, there have been a total of eight quadruple-doubles in Division III play, and one player, Suzy Venet of Mount Union (1994–1998), had two in her career, both in the 1996–97 season.[126] NAIA records are also incomplete.

text:
League
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

American Basketball League
Black, DebbieDebbie Black
000000001996-12-08-0000December 8, 1996
Colorado Xplosion
Atlanta Glory
10
14
12
10
—
[127][128]

Israeli Basketball Super League
Brown, EdwinaEdwina Brown
000000002008-12-01-0000December 2008
Ramat Hen
Hapoel Holon
22
10
10
10
—
[129]

Greek Women's Basketball League
Dimitrakou, ZoiZoi Dimitrakou
000000002009-03-22-0000March 22, 2009
G.S. Megas Alexandros
Aris Holargou
49
18
10
12
—
[130]

Russian Premier League
Kalmykova, MariaMaria Kalmykova
000000002001-01-21-0000January 21, 2001
Chevakata Vologda
Dynamo Kursk
20
15
11
—
11
[131]

European U16 Championship
Verameyenka, AnastasiyaAnastasiya Verameyenka
000000002003-04-20-0000April 20, 2003
Belarus U16 NT
Czech U16 NT
21
10
—
10
12
[132]

AIAW Division I women
Meyers, AnnAnn Meyers
000000001978-02-18-0000February 18, 1978
UCLA
Stephen F. Austin
20
14
10
10
—
[88]

NCAA Division I women
Spencer, JackieJackie Spencer[a]
000000001985-02-02-0000February 2, 1985
Louisville
Cincinnati
14
12
14
10
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Pettry, VeronicaVeronica Pettry
000000001989-03-04-0000March 4, 1989
Loyola (Chicago)
Detroit
12
10
22
11
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Jones, RamonaRamona Jones
000000001991-01-14-0000January 14, 1991
Lamar
UCF
10
10
10
12
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Tate, SonjaSonja Tate
000000001993-01-27-0000January 27, 1993
Arkansas State
Mississippi Valley State
29
14
10
10
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Hill, ShakylaShakyla Hill
000000002018-01-03-0000January 3, 2018
Grambling State
Alabama State
15
10
10
10
—
[134]

NCAA Division II women
Watkins, TereskaTereska Watkins
000000001997-02-08-0000February 8, 1997
Fort Valley State
???
12
12
10
10
—
[135]

NCAA Division III women
Esteves, EvitaEvita Esteves
000000002004-02-05-0000February 5, 2004
Emmanuel (MA)
Johnson & Wales
10
10
11
13
—
[136][137]

NCAA Division III women
Purnell, DannaDanna Purnell
000000002007-02-10-0000February 10, 2007
SUNY-Old Westbury
New Rochelle
14
10
11
13
—
[136][138]

NCAA Division III women
Williams, LatiquaLatiqua Williams
000000002008-11-16-0000November 16, 2008
Bard
New Rochelle
21
13
10
11
—
[139]

NAIA women
Gonzales, SuzanneSuzanne Gonzales[b]
000000001989-02-11-0000February 11, 1989
Southern Colorado
Western State[141]
13
12
10
11
—
[135]

Ukrainian Professional Basketball League
Iagupova, AlinaAlina Iagupova
000000002011-05-15-0000May 15, 2011
BC Dnipro
Luhanski Lastivky
28
15
13
10
—
Stats

text:
Jump up ^ The NCAA does not consider Spencer's quadruple-double to be official. Although the Metro Conference, then home to both teams involved in this game, kept records in all of the relevant statistical categories in the 1984–85 season, the NCAA did not. Assists were not recorded throughout Division I women's basketball until 1985–86, and steals were not so recorded until 1987–88.[133]
Jump up ^ Although Gonzales played for a school that is now a member of NCAA Division II, the NCAA does not consider her quadruple-double to be official for two reasons. First, the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, then as now home to both teams involved in this game, then competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), and was not an NCAA conference until 1992–93.[140] In addition, the NCAA did not record steals throughout Division II women's basketball until 1992–93.[135]

tag: ol

text: Quintuple-double[edit]

text: A quintuple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in all five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—-in a single game.[142] There are only two known quintuple-doubles, both done at the high-school level. The first was recorded by Tamika Catchings of Duncanville High School (Duncanville, Texas) and Adlai Stevenson High School Lincolnshire, Illinois with 25 points, 18 rebounds, 11 assists, 10 steals and 10 blocks in 1997.[143] The second was by Aimee Oertner of Northern Lehigh High School (Slatington, Pennsylvania), who had 26 points, 20 rebounds, 10 assists, 10 steals, and 11 blocks on January 7, 2012.[144]

text: Five-by-five[edit]

text: A five-by-five is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a total of five in five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks—in a single game.[145] Statistics for steals and blocks were not kept in the NBA until the 1973–74 season, so NBA five-by-fives were only possible from that season onward. Hakeem Olajuwon (six times) and Andrei Kirilenko (three times) are the only players to have recorded multiple five-by-fives (based on records since the 1984–85 season).[145] Both are also the only players to record five-by-sixes (at least six in all five statistical categories).[145] Only twice has a five-by-five coincided with a triple-double (both by Olajuwon) and only three times has a player recorded a five-by-five without registering at least a double-double (two by Kirilenko and one by Marcus Camby).

text: NBA[edit]

text: The following is a list of known five-by-fives. Note the list contains all five-by-fives since the 1984–85 season, as well as one before. There may be other five-by-fives in the NBA that occurred before the 1984–85 season.

text:
Name
Date
Age
Team
Score
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

Erving, JuliusJulius Erving
000000001979-12-05-0000December 5, 1979
7004108780000000000♠29 years, 286 days
Philadelphia 76ers
132–120
San Antonio Spurs
28
7
10
5
5
No
[146][147]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001987-03-10-0000March 10, 1987
7003881400000000000♠24 years, 48 days
Houston Rockets
127–136
Seattle SuperSonics
38
17
6
7
12
Yes (2OT)
[148]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
7003990300000000000♠27 years, 41 days
Houston Rockets
129–109
Golden State Warriors
29
18
9
5
11
No
[107]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001992-04-11-0000April 11, 1992
7004106730000000000♠29 years, 81 days
Houston Rockets
92–99
Dallas Mavericks
19
13
6
5
5
No
[149]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson
000000001992-11-10-0000November 10, 1992
7003995800000000000♠27 years, 96 days
San Antonio Spurs
104–98
Milwaukee Bucks
29
9
5
5
10
No
[150]

Coleman, DerrickDerrick Coleman
000000001993-01-15-0000January 15, 1993
7003934000000000000♠25 years, 208 days
New Jersey Nets
110–105
Philadelphia 76ers
21
10
7
5
5
Yes (OT)
[151]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-04-22-0000April 22, 1993
7004110490000000000♠30 years, 91 days
Houston Rockets
112–110
Minnesota Timberwolves
33
13
5
5
5
Yes (OT)
[152]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-11-05-0000November 5, 1993
7004112460000000000♠30 years, 288 days
Houston Rockets
110–88
New Jersey Nets
24
19
6
5
5
No
[153]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-12-30-0000December 30, 1993
7004113010000000000♠30 years, 343 days
Houston Rockets
110–104
Minnesota Timberwolves
34
10
5
5
8
No
[154]

Divac, VladeVlade Divac
000000001995-02-22-0000February 22, 1995
7003988100000000000♠27 years, 19 days
Los Angeles Lakers
112–100
Philadelphia 76ers
19
12
8
5
5
No
[155]

Tinsley, JamaalJamaal Tinsley
000000002001-11-16-0000November 16, 2001
7003866200000000000♠23 years, 261 days
Indiana Pacers
113–120
Minnesota Timberwolves
12
9
15
6
5
Yes (2OT)
[156]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002003-12-03-0000December 3, 2003
7003832300000000000♠22 years, 288 days
Utah Jazz
101–107
Houston Rockets
19
5
7
8
5
Yes (OT)
[157]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002003-12-10-0000December 10, 2003
7003833000000000000♠22 years, 295 days
Utah Jazz
95–73
New York Knicks
10
12
6
6
5
No
[158]

Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby
000000002004-01-09-0000January 9, 2004
7004108850000000000♠29 years, 293 days
Denver Nuggets
106–96
Utah Jazz
8
11
5
5
8
No
[159]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002006-01-03-0000January 3, 2006
7003908500000000000♠24 years, 319 days
Utah Jazz
90–80
Los Angeles Lakers
14
8
9
6
7
No
[160]

Batum, NicolasNicolas Batum
000000002012-12-16-0000December 16, 2012
7003876800000000000♠24 years, 2 days
Portland Trail Blazers
95–94
New Orleans Hornets
11
5
10
5
5
No
[161]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
000000002015-12-11-0000December 11, 2015
7003941300000000000♠25 years, 282 days
Golden State Warriors
124–119
Boston Celtics
24
11
8
5
5
Yes (2OT)
[162]

text: Facts[edit]

text: All facts based on data since 1985–86:

text:
Greatest five-by-fives (most of each stat): Hakeem Olajuwon, on March 10, 1987, became the first in NBA history to record a five-by-six (at least 6 each of all five statistics: points, rebounds, assists, blocks, steals).[163] It took nearly twenty years for the second official occurrence in NBA history. Andrei Kirilenko, on January 3, 2006, recorded a five-by-six against the Lakers. Though his numbers were not quite as impressive as Olajuwon's, Kirilenko performed the feat in regulation.
Most five-by-fives in a career: Hakeem Olajuwon leads all players with 6 career five-by-fives.[145] Andrei Kirilenko, with 3, is the only other player with more than one career five-by-five.
Most five-by-fives in the same season: Only twice has a player recorded two five-by-fives in a season. Olajuwon in the 1993–94 season, and Kirilenko in the 2003–04 season.
Quickest pair of five-by-fives: Kirilenko performed a five-by-five on December 3, 2003, and completed another just a week later, on December 10, 2003. The second quickest five-by-fives were completed by Olajuwon on November 5, 1993, and another, 55 days later, on December 30, 1993.
Youngest player: Kirilenko's first NBA five-by-five came on December 3, 2003, making him the youngest to record a five-by-five at age 22 years, 288 days.
Oldest player: Olajuwon is the oldest player to record a five-by-five. His last career five-by-five came on December 30, 1993, at which time he was 30 years, 343 days old.


document_title: United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia

question_text: when did air force master sergeant stripes change

root

text: The chart below represents the current enlisted rank insignia of the United States Air Force.

tag: p

text:
US DoD Pay grade
E-1
E-2
E-3
E-4
E-5
E-6
E-7
E-8
E-9

Insignia

No Insignia

Title

Airman Basic

Airman

Airman First Class

Senior Airman

Staff Sergeant

Technical Sergeant

Master Sergeant¹

Senior Master Sergeant¹

Chief Master Sergeant¹

Command Chief Master Sergeant

Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force

Abbreviation
AB
Amn
A1C
SrA
SSgt
TSgt
MSgt
SMSgt
CMSgt
CCM
CMSAF

NATO Code
OR-1
OR-2
OR-3
OR-4
OR-5
OR-6
OR-7
OR-8
OR-9
OR-9
OR-9

¹:  The U.S. Air Force does not have a separate First Sergeant rank; it is instead a duty position denoted by a diamond within the upper field of the E-7/MSgt, E-8/SMSgt, E-9/CMSgt paygrades/chevrons/ranks and is abbreviated "1st Sgt."

tag: table

text: While all Air Force military personnel are referred to as Airmen, it can specifically refer to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4 which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs).[1]  Above the pay grade of E-4 (E-5 through E-9) all ranks fall into the category of NCO and are further subdivided into NCOs (E-5 & E-6) and Senior NCOs (E-7 through E-9); the term Junior NCO is sometimes used to refer to staff sergeants and technical sergeants (E-5 & E-6).[1]

text: The Air Force is the only one of the five branches of the United States military where NCO status is now only achieved at the grade of E-5.  Formerly, the grade of Sergeant was obtained after a time as a Senior Airman and successful completion of the Air Force NCO School. In all other branches, NCO status can be achieved at the grade of E-4 (a Corporal in the Army and Marine Corps, Petty Officer Third Class in the Navy and Coast Guard). However, E-4s in the Army with the rank of Specialist are not NCOs.  The Air Force mirrored the Army from 1976 to 2 May 1991 with an E-4 being either a Senior Airman wearing three stripes without a star or a Sergeant (informally referred to as "Buck Sergeant") which was noted by the presence of the central star and considered an NCO.[2]  Despite not being an NCO, a Senior Airman who has completed Airman Leadership School can be a supervisor.[1]

text: Evolution of the chevrons[edit]

text: Although the Air Force became an independent service with the National Security Act of 1947, it retained the Army Air Force rank structure and corresponding insignia of years past.  This rank structure provided for seven enlisted ranks: Private, Private First Class, Corporal/Technician Fifth Grade, Sergeant/Technician Fourth Grade, Staff Sergeant/Technician Third Grade, Technical Sergeant and Master Sergeant/First Sergeant.  Additionally, Air Force personnel were still referred to as soldiers.[2] During the Second World War, many USAAF NCOs wore the Army Air Corps branch insignia of the winged propeller underneath their chevrons.[3]

text: Changes to the rank structure were proposed almost immediately but did not start occurring until the next year.  Sometime during late 1947 and early 1948, new chevron designs were tested at Bolling Air Force Base.  The style preferred was the one used today, the inverted chevron.  Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt Vandenberg approved the new chevron on 9 March 1948.[2] A new Air Force "Uxbridge Blue" uniform and black leather replaced the US Army Air Corps Olive Drab uniform and russet leather in 1949. Air Force personnel were allowed to wear their old Army World War Two pattern uniforms and rank insignia until July, 1952. Recolored "hash marks" and Overseas Service Bars were worn on the uniform until 1957.

text: Although the new chevrons were approved, the titles did not change.  Two years would pass (February 1950) before General Vandenberg ordered all enlisted personnel in the Air Force be referred to as "airman" (singular) and "airmen" (plural) rather than "soldier.".  A further two years would go by while the enlisted rank structure was studied and changes proposed.  The end results finally became effective on 24 April 1952 with the release of a revised Air Force Regulation (AFR) 39-36.  This revision changed the names of the enlisted ranks to Basic Airman, Airman Third Class, Airman Second Class, Airman First Class (with resultant loss of NCO status that was not restored until 1967), Staff Sergeant, Technical Sergeant and Master Sergeant.[2]

text: With the new titles came a proposal for new rank insignia for Airman Third Class through Airman First Class.  The proposed insignia would have horizontal stripes for Airman Third Class through Airman First Class while NCOs keep their inverted chevrons. The purpose of the two different types of insignia was to more readily differentiate the airman and NCO tiers while increasing the prestige of the latter.  These were not approved at the time of the release of the revised regulation.  When they were finally approved by General Vandenberg in December 1952, procurement of these stripes was deferred until approximately June 1955.  This change would eventually be reversed, on 12 March 1956, by General Vandenberg's successor, General Twining.[2]

text: During his tenure, General Twining also approved the diamond insignia for First Sergeants.  This became available on 21 September 1955.[2]  With this approval, the foundations of the first seven ranks and insignia the Air Force uses today were in place.

text: The next major change came with the Military Pay Act of 1958.  This established the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 but without corresponding rank titles.  The titles of Senior Master Sergeant and Chief Master Sergeant were chosen between July and December 1958 after comments were solicited from the major Air Force commands of the day.  After much discussion, the insignia for these two ranks were designed by simply adding one and two chevrons to the top of the Master Sergeant insignia (for E-8 and E-9 respectively), each stripe pointing up.[2]

text: The rank of Basic Airman was renamed Airman Basic on 5 February 1959, still with no insignia attached.[2]

text: The next series of changes to Air Force enlisted ranks did not occur for almost eight years.  In January 1967 the position of Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force was created.  This position gained its own special insignia, the Chief Master Sergeant chevrons with a wreath encircling the center star.  On 1 August 1967 the lower enlisted rank names changed (revised AFR 39-36 on 19 October 1967) renamed Airman Third Class, Airman Second Class and Airman First Class to Airman, Airman First Class and Sergeant (known unofficially as "Buck Sergeant" by the NCO ranks at the time) respectively.  This returned Sergeant to the rank structure as the first step in the NCO tier as a retention move but required achievement of a 5-skill Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) level.  No changes to the respective insignias were made.[2] Footnote: On 1 July 1969 the Air Force Serial Number was changed to the member's Social Security Number (SSAN). This change was for all grades and the three major US military forces including guard and reserve components. The commandant of the USMC did not adopt the serial number change to his forces.

text: In a 30 December 1975 directive the grade of Sergeant was split into two separate ranks while retaining the grade of E-4.  Senior Airman would be the last junior enlisted tier rank while Sergeant would remain the first rank in the NCO tier.  The impetus behind this was to laterally promote senior E-4 airmen who were ready for NCO responsibilities but not prepared to take on the role of a Staff Sergeant. This permitted airmen who had not yet reached the AFSC 5-skill level to achieve the pay grade of E-4, while according those who had NCO status. To differentiate the two ranks, the directive changed the silver star in the center of Airman, Airman First Class and Senior Airman changed to blue while the star on Sergeant chevrons remained silver.  Having two ranks within one grade mirrored the Army's Specialist/Corporal division of E-4.  This dual role would last until March 1991 when then Chief of Staff General McPeak terminated the rank of Sergeant effective 2 May 1991.  This termination was due in part to the manning reductions that occurred in the post–Cold War drawdowns of the early 1990s.  The last of the "Buck Sergeants" would have either been promoted or discharged under High Year Tenure by December 1998.[2]

text: The year 1991 also saw the last major change to the enlisted rank insignia.  In October 1991 General McPeak and Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Pfingston announced that the senior NCO tier would have new chevron layouts and that all chevrons would have a white star in the center.  The change in senior NCO chevrons was the first since chevrons came into being in 1948.  Until that time, Master Sergeant had been composed of six inverted chevrons (six down) with none pointing up, Senior Master Sergeant six down with one up and Chief Master Sergeant six down with two up.  The new layout changed the insignia to the current layout (see chart above).  The second change, changing the star color to white, was actually two changes in one.  It added a star to the Airman through Senior Airman rank insignias where there had been none since 1975 (the blue star carried by these chevrons was the same color as the blue in the stripes giving the impression that the star was not there) and changing the silver star on the NCO and senior NCO chevrons to white.[2]

text: In November 1998, the duty position of Senior Enlisted Advisor was changed to Command Chief Master Sergeant.  Along with the change, the addition of a star in the empty blue area between the chevrons was added to denote those holding this position.

text: In November 2004, the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force insignia was updated to include the Great Seal of the United States with a white star on either side.  These additions were placed in the empty blue area between the chevrons.


document_title: B. J. and the Bear

question_text: what kind of truck was in bj and the bear

text: B. J. and the Bear

text: Premise and storylines[edit]

text: Greg Evigan stars as Billie Joe "B.J." McKay, a professional freelance itinerant trucker who travels the country's highways in a red and white Kenworth K-100 Aerodyne (a COE semi truck) with his pet chimpanzee Bear (named after Bear Bryant, the famed football coach for the University of Alabama[2]). In the pilot movie, it is stated that he had spent two years in Vietnam as a medical helicopter pilot, had been a captain and earned a distinguished service cross. He was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam at the Hanoi Hilton for four months in 1973 after his helicopter went down over the DMZ. Episodes typically deal with B.J. uncovering or getting mixed up with crime in the area he's traveling through, and a local resident—usually, a young, beautiful woman—appealing to him for help.

text: A frequent guest star in the first season is Sheriff Elroy P. Lobo (Claude Akins,[3] who had previously starred in the trucking series Movin' On), whose character eventually spun off onto his own show The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo along with guest character "Waverly" Ben Cooper).

text: Two episodes in season two, "Eyes Of Texas" (1979) and "The Girls On The Hollywood High" (1980), were designed as prospective pilots for a series about a pair of private detectives called Heather Fern (Rebecca Reynolds) and Caroline Capoty (Lorrie McCaffrey in the first one, Heather Thomas in the second). The latter episode has cameo appearances from John S. Ragin and Robert Ito as their characters from Quincy, M.E. (also a Glen A. Larson series).[4]

text: In 1981, when the show returned for its third season with the two-part episode "B. J. And The Seven Lady Truckers" (not to be confused with the season two opener "Snow White And The Seven Lady Truckers," also a two-parter), B. J. has settled down to run Bear Enterprises, a trucking company based in Los Angeles. His nemesis is Rutherford T. Grant (Murray Hamilton), the corrupt head of the state's Special Crimes Action Team, who is a secret partner in a competing trucking company. Because of Grant's harassment, B. J. is unable to hire experienced truckers, and is forced to hire seven beautiful young female truckers, consisting of Grant's daughter Cindy (Sherilyn Wolter), twins Teri and Geri (Candi and Randi Brough), no-nonsense Angie (Sheila Wills), Samantha (Amanda Horan Kennedy), Callie (Linda McCullough), and a busty blonde nicknamed "Stacks" (Judy Landers).

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Pilot: 1978[edit]

text:
"The Foundlings" / October 4, 1978 (1978-10-04)
Directed by Bruce Bilson; written by Christopher Crowe and Glen A. Larson.

tag: ul

text: Season 1: 1979[edit]

text:
Nº
Ep
Title
Air date

1
1
"Odyssey of the Shady Truth"
February 10, 1979 (1979-02-10)

2
2
"Shine On"
February 24, 1979 (1979-02-24)

3
3
"A Coffin with a View"
March 10, 1979 (1979-03-10)

4
4
"Deadly Cargo"
March 17, 1979 (1979-03-17)

5
5
"Never Give a Trucker an Even Break"
March 24, 1979 (1979-03-24)

6
6
"Lobo's Revenge"
April 7, 1979 (1979-04-07)

7
7
"The Murphy Contingent"
April 14, 1979 (1979-04-14)

8
8
"Wheels of Fortune"
April 21, 1979 (1979-04-21)

9
9
"Crackers"
April 28, 1979 (1979-04-28)

10
10
"Lobo"
May 5, 1979 (1979-05-05)

text: Season 2: 1979–80[edit]

text:
Nº
Ep
Title
Air date

11
1
"Snow White and the Seven Lady Truckers: Part 1"
September 29, 1979 (1979-09-29)

12
2
"Snow White and the Seven Lady Truckers: Part 2"
October 6, 1979 (1979-10-06)

13
3
"Cain's Cruiser"
October 13, 1979 (1979-10-13)

14
4
"Pogo Lil"
October 20, 1979 (1979-10-20)

15
5
"Cain's Son-in-Law"
October 27, 1979 (1979-10-27)

16
6
"Run for the Money"
November 3, 1979 (1979-11-03)

17
7
"The Eyes of Texas"
November 10, 1979 (1979-11-10)

18
8
"Mary Ellen"
November 17, 1979 (1979-11-17)

19
9
"Gasohol"
November 24, 1979 (1979-11-24)

20
10
"B.J.'s Sweethearts"
December 1, 1979 (1979-12-01)

21
11
"Fly a Wild Horse"
December 8, 1979 (1979-12-08)

22
12
"Silent Night, Unholy Night"
December 15, 1979 (1979-12-15)

23
13
"Fire in the Hole"
January 12, 1980 (1980-01-12)

24
14
"Siege"
January 19, 1980 (1980-01-19)

25
15
"Through the Past, Darkly"
January 26, 1980 (1980-01-26)

26
16
"Bear Bondage"
February 2, 1980 (1980-02-02)

27
17
"B.J. and the Witch"
February 9, 1980 (1980-02-09)

28
18
"The Good, the Bad and the Beautiful"
February 16, 1980 (1980-02-16)

29
19
"The Girls of Hollywood High"
February 23, 1980 (1980-02-23)

30
20
"The 18-Wheel Rip-Off"
March 22, 1980 (1980-03-22)

31
21
"The Friendly Double Cross"
March 29, 1980 (1980-03-29)

text: Season 3: 1981[edit]

text:
Nº
Ep
Title
Air date

32
1
"B.J. and the Seven Lady Truckers: Part 1"
January 13, 1981 (1981-01-13)

33
2
"B.J. and the Seven Lady Truckers: Part 2"
January 13, 1981 (1981-01-13)

34
3
"The Fast and the Furious: Part 1"
January 20, 1981 (1981-01-20)

35
4
"The Fast and the Furious: Part 2"
January 27, 1981 (1981-01-27)

36
5
"Intercepted Pass"
February 3, 1981 (1981-02-03)

37
6
"Down & Dirty"
February 10, 1981 (1981-02-10)

38
7
"Beauties and the Beasts"
February 17, 1981 (1981-02-17)

39
8
"Blond in a Gilded Cell"
March 3, 1981 (1981-03-03)

40
9
"For Adults Only"
March 10, 1981 (1981-03-10)

41
10
"A Bear in the Hand"
March 17, 1981 (1981-03-17)

42
11
"Seven Lady Captives"
March 24, 1981 (1981-03-24)

43
12
"S.T.U.N.T."
March 31, 1981 (1981-03-31)

44
13
"Who Is B.J.?"
April 25, 1981 (1981-04-25)

45
14
"Detective Finger, I Presume"
May 2, 1981 (1981-05-02)

46
15
"The Two Million Dollar Hustle"
May 9, 1981 (1981-05-09)

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In Season 4, Episode 7 of the popular Canadian sitcom Trailer Park Boys Bubbles is about to get his big rig license, he says to Julian "I'm gonna be just like that fuckin' B. J. and the Bear cock-sucker, 'cept I'm gonna have kitties in my truck instead of a dirty assed stinky little monkey."

text: In the 1995 movie Mallrats, Jason Lee's character Brodie makes a reference to the show with: "Why don't they ever bring back or remake good shows, like B. J. and the Bear. Now there's a concept I can't get enough of, a man and his monkey". The line foreshadows the film's close in which Jay and Silent Bob leave with an orangutan, a plot device fleshed out six years later in Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back.

text: In episode 302, "Peanut Butter, Eggs, and Dice" of Mr. Show with Bob and David, during a sketch entitled "The Bob Lamonta Story," Bob Lamonta's father, played by Bob Odenkirk, tells the Bob Lamonta character, played by David Cross, during an out-of-body experience to wake him and his mother when B. J. and the Bear comes on.

text: In an episode of My Name Is Earl, Earl's brother Randy asks Joy why a chimp was named "Bear". She obligingly explains that B. J. McKay was a fan of the University of Alabama's football team, hence the moniker. In yet another episode, while Randy is going to sleep, he asks what Bear's name is, even though he just said it in the title of the show.

text: In the series Breaking Bad, a replica of the red and white Kenworth appears in the episode "One Minute". In the Breaking Bad Original Mini Episode "Just Married", character Hank Schrader makes a pun with the show's title as "B. J. and the Bear, minus the bear".

text: In the comedy series 30 Rock, Kenneth Parcell refers to the show as You-Know-What and the Bear.

text: Seattle-based indie rock group Minus the Bear derives their name from a joke referencing B. J. and the Bear. "A friend of the band had gone on a date,” explains singer-guitarist Jake Snider, "and one of us asked him afterwards how the date went. Our friend said, 'You know that TV show from the '70s, B. J. and the Bear? It was like that... minus the Bear.' That’s the straight truth."[5]

text: In the South Park episode "The Ring", Cartman quotes the theme song, referencing "B. J. McKay and his best friend Bear."

text: In the 2007 Quentin Tarantino's Movie Death Proof, Kurt Russell's character introduces himself as Stuntman Mike McKay and is mocked by two other characters (Dov and Omar) by making a reference to B. J. and the Bear due to his last name.[6]


document_title: Spencer family (The Bold and the Beautiful)

question_text: who plays liam's brother on bold and the beautiful

question_tokens: who plays liam 's brother on bold and the beautiful

text: Family members[edit]

text: First generation[edit]

text:
William "Bill" Spencer Sr. (Jim Storm)
Patriarch of the Spencer family. Founder, Chairman and CEO of Spencer Publications. Father of Caroline Forrester, Karen Spencer, and Bill Spencer Jr.. Known and feared for being extremely ruthless in business and controlling and manipulative with his children. He was a very good friend of Stephanie Forrester, and saw her as his true love, but nothing happened between them because she refused to leave her husband Eric Forrester.

text: Second generation[edit]

text:
Caroline Spencer Sr. (Joanna Johnson)
Twin daughter of Bill and Marion Spencer. Raised as an only child, and never knew of her identical twin sister Karen Spencer. Died of leukemia.
Karen Spencer (Joanna Johnson)
Twin daughter of Bill and Marion Spencer. She was kidnapped as an infant and taken away to Texas, where she lives as Faith Roberts raised by waitress Bonnie Roberts. Mother of Caroline Spencer. Karen came out as openly gay after years of being forced by her father to hide her true sexuality. Currently 50% owner of Spencer Publications.
William "Bill" Spencer Jr. (Don Diamont)
Bill's illegitimate son, born in 1963. Currently CEO and 49% owner of Spencer Publications and 12.5% owner of Forrester Creations. He is the father of Wyatt Spencer, Liam Spencer, and Will Spencer.

text: Third generation[edit]

text:
William "Liam" Spencer III (Scott Clifton)
Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and his college girlfriend Kelly Hopkins. Raised by his mother and stepfather without knowing his father until his mother died and he discovered, with the help of Hope Logan, that Bill was his father. He is married to Steffy Forrester.
Wyatt Spencer (Darin Brooks)
Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and Quinn Fuller. Former executive of Quinn Artisan Jewelers, and currently works at Spencer Publications. Raised by his mother, and thought his father was dead until he met Hope Logan, who helped uncover that Bill was his father. Wyatt has become known for having many similar traits with his father.
Caroline Spencer (Linsey Godfrey)
Daughter of Karen Spencer, named after Karen's twin sister. New York City socialite and fashion designer at Forrester Creations. She is the head of the Caroline Spencer Cancer Foundation. She is the mother of Douglas Forrester.
William Logan "Will" Spencer IV
Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and Katie Logan.

text: Fourth generation[edit]

text:
Douglas Forrester
Son of Caroline Spencer and Thomas Forrester.

text: In-Laws[edit]

text:
Marion Spencer – Bill Sr.'s wife (1960–87)
Margo Maclaine Lynley (Lauren Koslow) – Bill Sr.'s wife (1988–90).
Thorne Forrester (Ingo Rademacher) – Caroline Sr.'s husband (1987–89).
Ridge Forrester (Thorsten Kaye) – Caroline Sr.'s husband (1990); Caroline's husband (2015–16).
Connor Davis (Scott Thompson Baker) – Karen's husband (1994).
Katie Logan (Heather Tom) – Bill's wife (2009–14, 2015–16).
Danielle Spencer (Crystal Chappell) – Karen's wife (1990s—).
Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood) – Liam's wife (2011–12, 2013, 2017—); Wyatt's wife (2016–17).
Hope Logan (Annika Noelle) – Liam's wife (2012); Wyatt's wife (2014–15).
Rick Forrester (Jacob Young) – Caroline's husband (2013–15).
Ivy Forrester (Ashleigh Brewer) – Liam's wife (2015).
Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) – Bill's wife (2017–18).

text: Descendants[edit]

text:
Bill Spencer (died 2009); married Marion Spencer (1960–87), Margo Maclaine Lynley (1988–90)

Caroline Spencer (died 1990); Bill and Marion's daughter; twin; married Thorne Forrester (1988–90), Ridge Forrester (1990)
Karen Spencer; Bill and Marion's daughter; twin; married Connor Davis (1994), Danielle Spencer (c1990s–)

Caroline Spencer; Karen's daughter; married Rick Forrester (2013–15), Ridge Forrester (2015–16)

Douglas Forrester (2016–); Caroline's son with Thomas Forrester

Bill Spencer Jr. (1963–); Bill's son with unknown woman; married Katie Logan (2009–14, 2015–16), Brooke Logan (2017–18)

Wyatt Spencer; Bill's son with Quinn Fuller; married Hope Logan (2014–15), Steffy Forrester (2016–17)
Liam Spencer; Bill's son with Kelly Hopkins; married Steffy Forrester (2011–12, 2013, 2017–), Hope Logan (2012), Ivy Forrester (2015)
Will Spencer (2012–); Bill and Katie's son

Mark MacClaine; Bill's adopted son with Margo

text: Spencer Publications[edit]

text: Spencer Publications is an international media conglomerate. It started as one magazine, Eye on Fashion, by Bill Spencer Sr. and eventually grew to include numerous businesses as Spencer Publications took control of its own distribution, marketing, and advertising. It diversified and evolved, investigating green printing and with the growth of the Internet took the business into cyberspace.

text: For years Spencer Publications founder Bill Spencer Sr. ruthlessly ran it as Chairman and CEO in Los Angeles then in New York City. His two living children, Karen Spencer and Bill Spencer Jr., worked their way up and upon their father's death Karen and Bill each received 50% ownership and were named co-CEO. Bill's son Liam Spencer is currently President.

text: Bill Spencer Jr.'s wife Katie Logan became CEO after their divorce papers were signed, Bill gave Katie 1% ownership which made Bill's ownership 49%. Katie combined her 1% with Karen's 50% making Karen the majority stockholder. After Bill reconciled with Katie she signed legal papers naming him CEO again and giving him equal custody of their son Will but Bill revealed it was an act to gain control of Spencer Publications and equal custody of Will. When Katie's sister Brooke discovered Bill's actions she destroyed the papers. Months later after unsuccessfully trying to get Karen and Katie to reinstate Bill as CEO Brooke revealed she still had the papers and gave them to Bill, thus removing Katie as CEO and reinstating Bill as CEO and giving him equal custody of Will.

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Karen Spencer (50% shareholder)
Bill Spencer Jr. (49% shareholder, CEO)
Liam Spencer (President)
Wyatt Spencer (Unspecified position)
Katie Logan (1% shareholder, Vice President)
Justin Barber (Executive Vice President)
Alison Montgomery (Assistant)
George Septolino (Board member)

text: Former employees[edit]

text:
Bill Spencer Sr. (Founder, Chairman, and CEO)
Katie Logan (CEO)
Liam Spencer (Editor of Eye on Fashion, President, acting CEO)
Wyatt Spencer (President)

text: Spencer sword necklace[edit]

text: Bill Spencer Jr. wore a sword necklace that was made a jewelry designer Quinn Fuller and it became a symbol of his determination and ruthlessness. When he discovered that Liam Spencer was his son he had an identical sword necklace made for Liam and it became a family trait for Spencer men to wear a sword necklace. When Hope Logan met Wyatt Spencer in Big Bear she saw that he wore a sword necklace identical to Bill and Liam's. This would reveal that Wyatt is Bill's oldest son.


document_title: The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World

question_text: what happened in 1588 that changed the course of history forever

text: Chapters[edit]

text: Each chapter of the book describes a different battle. The fifteen chapters are:

text:
The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC

Excerpt: "Two thousand three hundred and forty years ago, a council of Athenian Officers was summoned on the slope of one of the mountains that look over the plain of Marathon, on the eastern coast of Attica. The immediate subject of their meeting was to consider whether they should give battle to an enemy that lay encamped on the shore beneath them; but on the result of their deliberations depended, not merely the fate of two armies, but the whole future progress of human civilization."

Defeat of the Athenians at Syracuse, 413 BC

Known as the Battle of Syracuse.
Excerpt: "Few cities have undergone more memorable sieges during ancient and mediaeval times than has the city of Syracuse."

The Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC

Also called the Battle of Arbela.
Excerpt: "the ancient Persian empire, which once subjugated all the nations of the earth, was defeated when Alexander had won his victory at Arbela."

The Battle of the Metaurus, 207 BC

Excerpt: "That battle was the determining crisis of the contest, not merely between Rome and Carthage, but between the two great families of the world..."

Victory of Arminius over the Roman Legions under Varus, AD 9

Known as the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
Excerpt: "that victory secured at once and forever the independence of the Teutonic race."

The Battle of Châlons, AD 451

Also called the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields or the Battle of the Catalun.
Excerpt: "The victory which the Roman general, Aëtius, with his Gothic allies, had then gained over the Huns, was the last victory of imperial Rome."

The Battle of Tours, AD 732

Also called the Battle of Poitiers.
Excerpt: "the great victory won by Charles Martel ... gave a decisive check to the career of Arab conquest in Western Europe."

The Battle of Hastings, AD 1066

Excerpt: "no one who appreciates the influence of England and her empire upon the destinies of the world will ever rank that victory as one of secondary importance."

Joan of Arc's Victory over the English at Orléans, AD 1429

Known as the Siege of Orléans.
Excerpt: "the struggle by which the unconscious heroine of France, in the beginning of the fifteenth century, rescued her country from becoming a second Ireland under the yoke of the triumphant English."

Defeat of the Spanish Armada, AD 1588

Excerpt: "The England of our own days is so strong, and the Spain of our own days is so feeble, that it is not easy, without some reflection and care, to comprehend the full extent of the peril which England then ran from the power and the ambition of Spain, or to appreciate the importance of that crisis in the history of the world."

The Battle of Blenheim, AD 1704

Excerpt: "Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability."

The Battle of Pultowa, AD 1709

Also called the Battle of Poltava.
Excerpt: "The decisive triumph of Russia over Sweden at Pultowa was therefore all-important to the world, on account of what it overthrew as well as for what it established"

Victory of the Americans over Burgoyne at Saratoga, AD 1777

Excerpt: "The ancient Roman boasted, with reason, of the growth of Rome from humble beginnings to the greatest magnitude which the world had then ever witnessed. But the citizen of the United States is still more justly entitled to claim this praise."

The Battle of Valmy, AD 1792

Excerpt: "the kings of Europe, after the lapse of eighteen centuries, trembled once more before a conquering military republic."

The Battle of Waterloo, AD 1815

Excerpt: "The exertions which the allied powers made at this crisis to grapple promptly with the French emperor have truly been termed gigantic, and never were Napoleon's genius and activity more signally displayed than in the celerity and skill by which he brought forward all the military resources of France ..."

text: Derivative works[edit]

text: Since the publication of Creasy's book, other historians have attempted to modify or add to the list.

text:
In 1899 The Colonial Press published Decisive Battles of the World by Edward Shepherd Creasy with a Special Introduction and Supplementary Chapters On the Battles of Gettysburg 1863, Sedan 1870, Santiago and Manila 1898, by John Gilmer Speed (Revised Edition)
In 1901 the firm J. B. Lippincott & Co. from Philadelphia published Great battles of the world by Stephen Crane, with illustrations by John Sloan.
In 1908 Harper & Bros published an edition with eight battles added: Quebec, Yorktown, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Sedan, Manila Bay, Santiago, and Tsushima.
In 1920 the Viscount D'Abernon published The Eighteenth Decisive Battle of the World: Warsaw, 1920, in which he claimed that the next battle on the list was the battle of Warsaw, fought in 1920 by the Polish and Bolshevik forces during the Polish–Soviet War.
In 1930 Texas historian Clarence Wharton published San Jacinto: The Sixteenth Decisive Battle, in which he made the case for adding the final battle of the Texas Revolution to Creasy's list. In 1936 the San Jacinto Monument was given an inscription that echoed Wharton's view: "Measured by its results, San Jacinto was one of the decisive battles of the world. The freedom of Texas from Mexico won here led to annexation and to the Mexican–American War, resulting in the acquisition by the United States of the states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California, Utah and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas and Oklahoma. Almost one-third of the present area of the American Nation, nearly a million square miles of territory, changed sovereignty."
In 1954–56, British historian J.F.C. Fuller published The Decisive Battles of the Western World and their Influence upon History.
In 1956, historian and author Fletcher Pratt published The Battles that Changed History, stories of conflicts that forever changed the course of world events. He listed 16 battles from Arbela to Midway.
In 1964, American historian Lt. Col. Joseph B. Mitchell published Twenty Decisive Battles of the World, an update of Creasy's list with five additions:

The Vicksburg Campaign, 1863. By capturing the Mississippi River during the American Civil War, the Union separated the Confederacy into halves.
Battle of Sadowa, 1866. This Prussian victory over the Austrians during the Seven Weeks War paved the way for a German empire.
First Battle of the Marne, 1914. The British and French prevented a German assault on Paris and an early German victory in World War I.
Battle of Midway, 1942. The beginning of the United States offensive in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and the devastating loss of four Japanese aircraft carriers.
Battle of Stalingrad, 1942–43. The defeat of the German attempt to conquer the Soviet Union and a significant loss of German resources in World War II.

In 1976, Noble Frankland and Christopher Dowling published Decisive Battles of the Twentieth Century, which listed 23 battles, from the Battle of Tsushima to the Tet Offensive.
In 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present (2001), Paul K. Davis listed battles from Megiddo to Desert Storm.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Referring to Creasy's work in the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley boasts that he is able to "quote the fights historical; from Marathon to Waterloo, in order categorical."