document_title: Saint Patrick's Day in the United States

question_text: where was the first st patrick's day parade held

question_tokens: where was the first st patrick 's day parade held

text: Saint Patrick's Day in the United States

text: Early celebrations[edit]

text:
The world’s first recorded St Patrick’s Day celebration was in St. Augustine, Florida, in the year 1600 according to Dr. Michael Franicis's 2017 research in the Spanish Archives of the Indies. Franicis discovered the first St. Patrick Day Parade was also in St. Augustine in 1601.
[4]. Both were organized by the Spanish Colony's Irish vicar Ricardo Artur (Richard Arthur).

text: The Charitable Irish Society of Boston organized the first observance of Saint Patrick's Day in the Thirteen Colonies in 1737.[5] Surprisingly, the celebration was not Catholic in nature, Irish immigration to the colonies having been dominated by Protestants.[6]:8 The society's purpose in gathering was simply to honor its homeland, and although they continued to meet annually to coordinate charitable works for the Irish community in Boston, they did not meet on 16 March again until 1794.[6]:8 During the observance of the day, individuals attended a service of worship and a special dinner.[6]:8

text: New York's first Saint Patrick's Day observance was similar to that of Boston. It was held on 16 March 1762 in the home of John Marshall, an Irish Protestant, and over the next few years informal gatherings by Irish immigrants were the norm. The first recorded parade in New York was by Irish soldiers in the British Army in 1766.[6]:9 The first documented St. Patrick's Day Celebration in Philadelphia was held in 1771. Philadelphia's Friendly Sons of St. Patrick was found to honor St. Patrick and to provide relief to Irish immigrants in the city. Irish Americans have celebrated St. Patrick's Day in Philadelphia since their arrival in America. General George Washington, a member of Philadelphia's Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, actively encouraged Irish American patriots to join the Continental Army.[7] In 1780, while camped in Morristown, NJ, General Washington allowed his troops a holiday on 17 March "as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence."[8][9][10] This event became known as The Saint Patrick's Day Encampment of 1780.[11][unreliable source?]

text: Irish patriotism in New York City continued to soar, and the parade in New York City continued to grow. Irish aid societies like Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick and the Hibernian Society were created and marched in the parades. Finally when many of these aid societies joined forces in 1848, the parade became not only the largest parade in the United States but one of the largest in the world.[12]

text: The City of Savannah, Georgia, has hosted Saint Patrick's Day celebrations since 1824. It boasts a celebration rivaling that of New York City in size and fervor. Unlike any other cities, Savannah's historic parade is always held on March 17, not on the neighboring weekend. Festivities begin more than a week in advance with[13] communal rituals and commemorative ceremonies, such as the St.Patrick's Parade. Such events were, in fact, the main factors in shaping Irish-American identity as recognized today.[14] In fact, leading up to the 1870s, Irish-American identity in the United States was reworked through the shifting character of the Saint Patrick's Day rituals and features under three separate occasions: initially, in 1853 when it undertook a "spiritual rhetoric" notion, then when it became known as a "reformulated memory of an Irish past couched in terms of vengeance against Britain" to, finally, adopting a "sectarian catholic nationalism" attitude in the 1870s and 1880s.[15]

text: In fact, ceremonies represent the very "junctures at which processes of identity formation surface through representation," which implies that ritual practices represent the molding tools people turn to in order to build a national identity.[16] Furthermore, incorporating "the analysis of commemorative rituals" becomes a valuable element "in the context of broader historical studies" as such analysis reveals much about the collective conscience of the Irish-American community.[17]

text: There is a clear gradual shift toward a nationalist attitude in the Irish-American Diaspora which can be detected in the prose of Doheny's commemorative speech in 1853, but the "complete ascendency to a nationalist [approach] in Irish identity" truly came in the 1870s and 1880s.[18] More important, there were already numerous evidences of a national identity present in the Irish Catholic labouring classes prior to the settlement of an Irish-Catholic community in America.[19] Despite the longing memory of a loved lost Ireland, the main factor that contributed to creating a clear "sense of group unity" in the Irish-American community really came with the hatred sentiments that were felt towards "British oppression and resistance".[19]

text: Furthermore, there is a turnover in perspectives towards the causes of the Great famine in the mind of the Irish-American that can be traced: one that varies from a "mourning religious view", seen in Archbishop Hughes' sermon, to a perspective that shifts the blame towards the British monarchy for its indifference and greed, seen in Cahill's speech in 1860.[20] From that point on, all the following commemorative speeches on the Saint Patrick's Day invoked nationalist themes such as "British hatred" and "heroic struggle" and led the way for the creation of a "new parade" which gained in adherents and absorbed "elements of American patriotism and full-fledged nationalism".[21] The end result was such that the Irish-American community came to regard itself in the 1870s as a community that defined itself by dual loyalties on one hand, and in another as "a unified common organism," which gathered in strength on the basis that they had a common past, "not a religious one but one that centered on the common Irish experience of British oppression and suffering".[22] In other words, this goes to show that the shifting character of commemorative rituals experienced during the Saint Patrick's parade have influenced the development of American culture in a larger sense, since it contributed to enriching its heritage and making of its Irish-American Diaspora a prideful concept to be celebrated and admired.[23]

text: Customs today[edit]

text: In every year since 1991, March has been proclaimed Irish-American Heritage Month by the US Congress or President due to the date of Saint Patrick's Day. Christian denominations in the United States observing this feast day include the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Protestant Episcopal Church, and the Roman Catholic Church.[24] Today, Saint Patrick's Day is widely celebrated in America by Irish and non-Irish alike.[24] For most Irish-Americans, this holiday is both religious and festive.[25] It is one of the leading days for consumption of alcohol in the United States, as individuals are allowed to break their Lenten sacrifices for the day in order to celebrate Saint Patrick's Day.[26][27] The consumption of artificially colored green beer is a common celebration. Green Beer Day, for instance, is a tradition among students at Miami University (Miami of Ohio), dating to 1952; the day has been held on the Thursday before spring break due to the fact that Saint Patrick's Day often occurs during the spring recess. The holiday has been criticized for promoting over-indulgence in alcohol, resulting in drunk driving, property damage, absenteeism, public urination and vomiting, and other ill effects. A notable difference between traditions widely observed in the United States versus those of Ireland is the consumption of corned beef, which is not a traditional Irish dish, but rather one that was adopted by the new immigrants upon their arrival in the 19th Century.

text: Many people choose to wear green colored clothing and items.[24] Traditionally, those who are caught not wearing green are pinched "affectionately".[28]

text: Seattle and other cities paint the traffic stripe of their parade routes green. Chicago dyes its river green and has done so since 1962 when sewer workers used green dye to check for sewer discharges and had the idea to turn the river green for Saint Patrick's Day. Originally 100 pounds of vegetable dye was used to turn the river green for a whole week but now only forty pounds of dye is used and the color only lasts for several hours.[29] Indianapolis also dyes its main canal green. Savannah dyes its downtown city fountains green. Missouri University of Science and Technology - St Pat's Board Alumni paint 12 city blocks kelly green with mops before the annual parade.[citation needed] In Jamestown, New York, the Chadakoin River (a small tributary that connects Conewango Creek with its source at Chautauqua Lake) is dyed green each year.[30]

text: Columbia, South Carolina, dyes its fountain green in the area known as Five Points (a popular collegiate location near the University of South Carolina). A two-day celebration is held over St Patrick's Day weekend. In Boston, Evacuation Day is celebrated as a public holiday for Suffolk County.  While officially commemorating the British departure from Boston, it was made an official holiday after Saint Patrick's Day parades had been occurring in Boston for several decades and is believed to have been popularized because of its falling on the same day as Saint Patrick's Day.[1] Since 1992, the participation of gay and lesbian people in the Boston parade has been disputed and this was the subject of the 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston. The New York parade has experienced a similar controversy since 1991,[31] with boycotts by Mayors Menino and Dinkins, and De Blasio, and Walsh expected to boycott in 2014.

text: In the Northeastern United States, peas are traditionally planted on Saint Patrick's Day.[32]

text: Parades[edit]

text: Many parades are held to celebrate the holiday. The longest-running public parades are:

text:
Boston, Massachusetts, since 1737. This began as a gathering NOT a "parade" as explained above in "Early Celebrations" section.
New York City, New York, since 1762  This began as a gathering NOT a "parade" as explained above in "Early Celebrations" section.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, since 1771
Morristown, New Jersey, since 1780
New Orleans, Louisiana, since 1809
Buffalo, New York, since 1811
Savannah, Georgia, since 1824[33][34]
Carbondale, Pennsylvania, since 1833
New Haven, Connecticut, since 1842
Cleveland, Ohio, since 1842
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, since 1843[35]
Chicago, Illinois, since 1843
Saint Paul, Minnesota, since 1851[36]
San Francisco, since 1852
Atlanta, since 1858[37]
Scranton, Pennsylvania, since 1862
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, since 1869[38]
Kansas City, Missouri, since 1873[39]
Butte, Montana, since 1882
Denver, Colorado, since 1889[40]
Rolla, Missouri, since 1909
Holyoke, Massachusetts, since 1952[41]
Baltimore, Maryland, since 1953
Bay City, Michigan, since 1955
Detroit, Michigan, 1959[42]
Pearl River, New York, since 1963
Cincinnati, Ohio, since 1967
St. Louis, Missouri, since 1968
Norfolk, Virginia, since 1968
Washington, D.C., since 1971 [43]
Louisville, Kentucky, since 1974
Lexington, Kentucky, since 1980
Peoria, Illinois, since 1980[44]
San Diego, California, since 1981
Columbia, South Carolina, since 1982
Alexandria, Virginia, since 1982
Worcester, Massachusetts, since 1983
New London, Wisconsin, since 1984

text: Cities with major celebrations[edit]

text: Atlanta, Georgia[edit]

text: People in Atlanta, Georgia celebrate St. Patrick's Day by holding a parade that courses through several blocks of a main portion of the city, particularly on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta.[45]  In 2012, what was called the largest Irish flag in history was used in Atlanta's parade.[45]  The St. Patrick's Day parade has been held in Atlanta since 1858.[46]  In the 2014 parade, more than 200 units participated from across the South, and as far away as Ireland.[46]

text: Baltimore, Maryland[edit]

text: A parade is held the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day, annually since the 1856, starting at the Washington Monument and ends at Market Place in the Inner Harbor.  The Shamrock 5k is held just before the parade starts.  There are large events held in the Federal Hill, Canton, Inner Harbor, and Fell's Point neighborhoods.  The parade in Baltimore is the largest in Maryland.

text: Boston, Massachusetts[edit]

text: St. Patrick's Day is indirectly observed as an official holiday in Boston, as it coincides with the official Evacuation Day holiday observed annually since 1901 to commemorate the day in 1776 that British troops ended their occupation of Boston.[47]   A large St. Patrick's Day parade is held in South Boston, Massachusetts.[48][47]  The 3.2-mile parade route starts at Andrew Square (at Broadway MBTA Red Line stop), at the intersection of Dorchester Avenue and Broadway in South Boston, Massachusetts, and travels Dorchester Street to Telegraph Street looping through Dorchester Heights and then bearing right onto East Fourth Street it continues down to 'P' Street bearing left onto East Broadway where it ends (at the Andrew MBTA Red Line stop).  Major George F.H. Murray of the Ninth Regiment of the Army was the first chief marshal of Boston's St Patrick's Day parade in 1901.[47] In 2015 the first gay groups (Boston Pride and OutVets) marched in Boston's St. Patrick's Day parade.[49]

text: Buffalo, New York[edit]

text: The city of Buffalo has two full Saint Patrick's Day parades. The first is the "Old Neighborhood Parade," in its 24th year in 2017, which takes place in the city's historic Old First Ward in South Buffalo on the Saturday nearest Saint Patrick's Day (before or after); through 2015, that parade followed a route used by the original Saint Patrick's Day parades in Buffalo, until crowd concerns and drunken rowdiness forced the city to reroute the parade through wider roads in the First Ward.[50] The older, larger "Buffalo Saint Patrick's Day Parade" (in its 75th consecutive year in 2017) also takes place, usually on the day after the Old Neighborhood parade. That parade runs from Niagara Square along Delaware Avenue to North Street.[51][52]  The latter parade is the third largest parade in New York State behind the New York City Parade and the Pearl River Parade.

text: In addition to the full parades, Talty's Tavern in South Buffalo also holds a spoof parade that lasts only one block.[53]

text: Butte, Montana[edit]

text: Butte Montana's mining history brought in a large population of Irish immigrants, to the point that Gaelic was spoken as a common language in the mines and Butte had the highest percentage of Irish population of any city in America, including Boston.[54]  Today, the city's population is under 40,000 people, and the annual St. Patrick's Day celebration brings in roughly 30,000 visitors each year, nearly doubling the city's population for the day.  Butte has a long history of running a parade through the Uptown District of the city and hosting music at a number of venues, including numerous bars, including one featuring booths created from church pews that had been imported from Dublin and a stone imported from County Clare at the door for visitors to touch.[55]  Until 2013 there was no open container law in Butte, and the current ordinance only prohibits open containers between 2:00 am and 8:00 am.[56] The day's events have a reputation for rowdy celebrations.[57]

text: Chicago, Illinois[edit]

text: The Irish comprise one of the largest ethnic groups in Chicago.[58] Although the Irish are present throughout the city, the Beverly, Bridgeport, Morgan Park, and Mount Greenwood neighborhoods have had strong Irish-Catholic populations as does the adjacent suburbs of Blue Island, Alsip, Merrionette Park, and Oak Lawn. People on the south side that are of Irish heritage are known as the "South Side Irish," and have long had an influential role in the political and economic scene of the city. They even have their own song that features lines pronouncing pride in Irish-American heritage.

text: The city has many different Saint Patrick's Day celebrations, the most famous being the dyeing of the Chicago River. Each year, the city hosts a parade downtown, which is preceded by the dyeing of the Chicago River.  The dyeing of the river involves thousands of people lining the banks of the river and watching as a boat releases dye into the river and turns the river a kelly green color.  The Chicago Journeymen Plumbers Union Local 130 has historically sponsored the river dyeing and know the secret to the dye mix.[59]

text: Another famous celebration is the South Side Irish parade. This is known as more of a celebration by those of Irish heritage rather than a popular activity attended by people of all heritages like the downtown celebration has been known. This parade features traditional Irish dancers, as well as various businesses and organisations from around the city. This parade has been scaled back in recent years as the Saint Patrick's Day committee announced that it was becoming too large for the community to handle. In 2010, the South Side Parade was suspended. Due in part to pressure from community businesses—particularly pubs and package goods stores—as well as local churches on the city, the parade was reinstated in 2012.  Of the various St. Patrick's Day parades in Chicago, the South Side parade tries to be family friendly and currently has a zero tolerance policy for public alcohol consumption while attending the parade.[60]

text: The Chicago White Sox baseball team, who play on the South side, are known for their "Halfway to Saint Patrick's Day" promotion held in September, when the team wears white jerseys with green pinstripes and caps, in lieu of the usual black.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in Chicago.

text: Cleveland, Ohio[edit]

text: As Ohio's largest and oldest St. Patrick's Day celebration, Cleveland has honored its Irish heritage with an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade first begun in 1842.  The parade always occurs on March 17, no matter the day of the week.  Originally held in the city's nearby westside neighborhoods, where a higher percentage of the population was of Irish descent, the parade route today runs along Superior Avenue, downtown, from East 18th Street to Public Square.

text: In recent years, over 15,000 registered participants march in the parade and display their floats in front of hundreds of thousands of spectators.[61]  A new record attendance was set in 2012 with over 500,000 people.[62]

text: As part of the parade ceremonies, a Grand Marshal is annually chosen to preside over the procession. This is an honorary title given to a man "usually in his senior years, who has contributed significantly to the advancement of the Irish Activities in Cleveland." This recognition has been part of the parade since 1935, while "Mother of the Year" was established as a distinguished position since 1963.

text: Columbia, South Carolina[edit]

text: Each year Saint Patrick's in Five Points welcomes over 40,000 people living the luck of the Irish and celebrating all things Gaelic. Continually growing and improving, the festival includes a 10K and 5K run, a fun-filled parade, family entertainment, Irish food and craft offerings, child attraction, the Pot O’ Gold Playland, a swinging shag dance exhibition and DJ throwdown, as well as five outdoor stages with live music hosting over 25 musical acts.

text: Dallas, Texas[edit]

text: The city of Dallas, Texas has held a Saint Patrick's Day parade since 1979 down Greenville Avenue.  It is the largest celebration in the city.  It was almost canceled in 2012 due to rising costs, but was saved by local resident billionaire Mark Cuban.[63]

text: Detroit, Michigan[edit]

text: St. Patrick's Day was first formally celebrated in Detroit in 1808.[64] The current parade, sponsored by the United Irish Societies, began in 1959. It is held in Detroit's Corktown neighborhood, named after the its Irish residents who primarily immigrated from County Cork.

text: Enterprise, Alabama[edit]

text: The "World's Smallest Saint Patrick's Day Parade" occurs in Enterprise, Alabama, each year.[65] A person of Irish descent, generally dressed in festive garb and carrying a large Irish flag, is the only person in the parade. He, or she, walks one block from the courthouse to the Boll Weevil Monument and back to the courthouse. The parade is reported by local[66] and national news.[67]

text: Hoboken, New Jersey[edit]

text: The New Jersey city of Hoboken has held an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade since 1986.[68] The parade takes place at 1 pm and marches down Washington Street from 14th Street to 1st Street.

text: Over the years, there has been much controversy surrounding the public intoxication during this event. The city has issued a zero tolerance policy, and has been enacting $2,000 minimum fines for any alcohol-related offence.[69]

text: Holyoke, Massachusetts[edit]

text: This western Massachusetts factory town was the site of massive Irish immigration in the 19th century and hosts a parade its organizers claim is the second largest in the United States. It is scheduled on the Sunday following Saint Patrick's Day each year. Attendance exceeds 300,000, with over 25,000 marchers through a 2.3-mile route in the city of 40,000. A 10K road race and many events create a remarkable festival weekend.[70] Each year an Irish-American who has distinguished himself or herself in his or her chosen profession is awarded the John F. Kennedy National Award. JFK was a National Award Winner in the 1958 Holyoke Parade. Other winners include author Tom Clancy, Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge, and actor Pat O'Brien[71]

text: Hot Springs, Arkansas[edit]

text: The Hot Springs, Arkansas, parade is among world's shortest and is held annually on historic Bridge Street, designated "The Shortest Street in the World" in the 1940s by Ripley’s Believe It or Not.[72][73] The street is 98 feet long, making it suitable for the shortest Saint Patrick's Day parade in the world.[74]

text: Jackson, Mississippi[edit]

text: Mal's St. Paddy's Parade in downtown Jackson started in 1983 and has grown each year.  The parade is the brainchild of Jackson entrepreneur Malcolm White, who is now the executive director of the Mississippi Arts Commission.[75]  For years, a highlight of the parade was the Sweet Potato Queens, who started a separate parade in 2011 because their ranks of marchers had grown too numerous.[76]

text: Las Vegas, Nevada[edit]

text: The Southern Nevada (formerly Las Vegas) Sons and Daughters of Erin have put on a parade since 1966. It was formerly held on Fremont Street in downtown Las Vegas, later moved to 4th Street. Since 2005, the parade has been held in downtown Henderson. It is the biggest parade in the state of Nevada with over 100 entries. The celebration includes a three-day festival, carnival and classic car show in Old Town Henderson.[citation needed]

text: Maryville, Missouri[edit]

text: Maryville, Missouri, home of Northwest Missouri State University, annually holds a parade sponsored by The Palms Bar and Grill that has been recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the shortest Saint Patrick's Day parade. It runs approximately 1/2 of a block.

text: New Orleans[edit]

text: Historically the largest entry port for Irish immigrants in the US South, New Orleans has maintained a large population of Irish heritage. The earliest record of Saint Patrick's Day celebrations in the city is 1809.  Saint Patrick's Day traditions going back to the 19th century continue, including multiple block parties and parades.

text: The New Orleans parades are mostly based around neighborhood and community organizations. Major parades include the Irish Channel parade, the Downtown Irish Parade starting in the Bywater neighborhood, multiple parades in the French Quarter, and a combined Irish-Italian Parade celebrating both Saint Patrick's Day and Saint Joseph's Day.  As with many parades in New Orleans, the influence of Mardi Gras is apparent, with some of the floats being reused from local Carnival parades, and beads and trinkets being thrown to those along the parade route. New Orleans Saint Patrick's Day parades are also famous for throwing onions, carrots, cabbages, potatoes, and other ingredients for making an Irish stew.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in New Orleans.

text: Various suburbs and surrounding communities also hold celebrations, including parades in Metairie, Slidell, and an Irish Italian Isleño Parade in Chalmette.[77]

text: New York City[edit]

text: The New York parade not only has become the largest Saint Patrick's Day parade in the world but is also one of the oldest civilian parades in the world. In a typical year, 150,000 marchers participate in it, including bands, firefighters, military and police groups, county associations, emigrant societies and social and cultural clubs with two million spectators line the streets.[78] The parade marches up the 1.5-mile route along 5th Avenue in Manhattan, is a five-hour procession, and is always led by the 69th Infantry Regiment (New York). The commissioner of the parade always asks the commanding officer if the 69th is ready, to which the response is, "The 69th is always ready." New York politicians—or those running for office—are always found prominently marching in the parade. Former New York City Mayor Ed Koch (who was of Jewish ethnicity) once proclaimed himself "Ed O'Koch" for the day, and he continued to don an Irish sweater and march every year up until 2003, even though he was no longer in office.[79]

text: For many years the parade banned gay groups, saying groups could not display banners identifying their sexuality.[80][81][82][83][84] On September 3, 2014, the organizers of the parade announced a decision to lift the ban on gay groups, saying they preferred to keep the parade non-political and the ban was having the opposite effect.[85] In 2015 OUT@NBCUniversal, an organization of gay employees of NBCUniversal, became the first gay group to march in the parade.[86]

text: In 1989 Dorothy Hayden Cudahy became the first female Grand Marshal of the New York City Saint Patrick's Day Parade; in 1984 she had become the first woman, as well as the first American-born person, to be elected president of the County Kilkenny Association.[87][88][89]

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in New York City.

text: The New York parade is moved to the previous Saturday (16 March) in years where 17 March is a Sunday. The event also has been moved on the rare occasions when, due to Easter's falling on a very early date, 17 March would land in Holy Week. This same scenario arose again in 2008, when Easter fell on 23 March, but the festivities occurred on their normal date and were enjoyed by a record number of viewers.[90] In many other American cities (such as Philadelphia), the parade is always held on the Sunday before 17 March, regardless of the liturgical calendar.

text: Omaha, Nebraska[edit]

text: Omaha's "Stockyards" opened in 1883 and was once considered the largest livestock market in the world.  This led to many ethnic groups' settling in the surrounded area, one of which is Irish. The Irish were the third largest ethnic group in South Omaha in the 20th century.  Today the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH) Sarpy County Division's St. Patrick's Day Parade has more than 130 entries and lasts more than 90 minutes as it snakes through downtown and the Old Market.

text: Pearl River, New York[edit]

text: Pearl River attracts a crowd of 100,000 people, making it the second largest parade in New York state behind the New York City Parade.  The parade started in 1963.[91]

text: Peoria, Illinois[edit]

text: The St. Patrick Society sponsors a St. Patrick’s Day Parade and Party on March 17 of each year.  The Parade participants march along the designated parade route through downtown Peoria.  Awards are presented in the following parade categories:  Business Entries, Family Entries, and Organizational Entries.  The Parade route ends near the designated site of the family-focused St. Patrick’s Day Party where families (Irish Clans) meet and enjoy Irish Music, Irish Dance and Irish refreshments.[92]

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[edit]

text: St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh is consistently ranked as one of the biggest and best St. Patrick's Day celebrations in the United States.[93] The parade in Pittsburgh dates back to 1869 and continues to draw record numbers of people out to celebrate as over 23,000 march in the parade which attracts almost 500,000 out to party. The city basically shuts down for the day to celebrate as the downtown area and many of the cities bridges and tunnels are filled with patrons heading out for the day's festivities.  Pittsburgh also has one of the highest percentage of its population that identifies as Irish (over 13.5%) as any city in the U.S.[94]

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[edit]

text: One of the largest in the nation, the St. Patrick's Day parade in Philadelphia is held on the Sunday before every St. Patrick's Day, and began there in 1771.[95][96] Prior to the first parade, the Irish were already celebrating St. Patrick's Day in Philadelphia. Before the America republic was founded, Irishmen came together in 1771 to pay honor to Ireland's patron as founding members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick for the relief of Emigrants from Ireland. George Washington, who has encouraged the many Irish soldiers under his command during the American Revolution to fete St. Patrick's Day, was an honorary member of this society. The designation of March 17 as a day of special observance was a very early Philadelphia custom.[7]

text: In 2013, the parade included about 20,000 participants in more than 150 groups.[96]  Participants included marching bands, youth groups, music dance groups, Irish associations, float riders and operators, and flag carriers.[96] After years of being on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Central Philadelphia, the 2017 parade route started at John F. Kennedy Boulevard and 16th Street. It then continues its approach to Philadelphia City Hall, goes down 15th Street around City Hall to approach Market Street. It then goes down Market past Independence Hall and reaches its conclusion at Penn's Landing.[95]

text: Quad Cities, Illinois and Iowa[edit]

text: A large Irish population in this cluster of Midwestern cities hosts an impressive St. Patrick's Day parade.  It is "the only bi-state St. Patrick's Day Parade in the USA", according to the St. Patrick's Day Society of the Quad Cities (http://www.stpatsqc.com/GrandParade.htm), crossing the Centennial Bridge from Rock Island, Illinois into Davenport, Iowa.  Being so close to Chicago, this parade still gathers around 200,000 annually on its historical parade route.  Some travel experts have labeled it as one of the top St. Patrick's Day parades in North America.  Much of this is due to the unique nature and small town hospitality you get in the Quad Cities.  The whole area combined is a population of around 350,000, with Davenport being the largest city at just under 100,000.[citation needed]

text: Rolla, Missouri[edit]

text: Rolla is home to the Missouri University of Science & Technology (formerly known as University of Missouri-Rolla, and Missouri School of Mines), an engineering college. Inasmuch as Saint Patrick is the patron saint of engineers, the school and town's celebrations start ten days before Saint Patrick's Day, with a downtown parade held the Saturday before Saint Patrick's. A royal court is crowned, and the streets in the city's downtown area are painted solid green. Each year's celebrations are said to be "The Best Ever." In 2008, Rolla celebrated its "100th Annual Best Ever Saint Patrick's Day 2008" celebration.[citation needed]

text: In previous years, a pit of green liquid was made by students as part of the festivities, and named 'Alice'--stepping into Alice was a rite of bravery. In recent years the university faculty has banned the practice out of health concerns.[97]

text: San Diego, California[edit]

text: San Diego's 2015 St. Patrick's Day Parade and Festival is the 35th Anniversary of the largest St. Patrick's Day Parade west of the Mississippi. Lasting two hours and featuring over 120 entries, the theme for the day is "Celebrating Faith and Freedom" as designated by the Irish Congress of Southern California (ICSC). Enjoyed by more than 30,000, the St. Patrick's Day Parade and Festival includes three performance stages, a Kid's Zone, a Celtic Village, dozens of crafts and food booths, two beer gardens hosted by Guinness. Held in Balboa Park, the event was founded by James Foley who had helped organize the St. Patrick's Day Parade in Hartford, Connecticut before he and his wife, Pat, moved to San Diego to open the Blarney Stone Pub.[98][99]

text: San Francisco, California[edit]

text: There has been a Saint Patrick's Day celebration in San Francisco since 1852.  San Francisco has always had a large Irish American population and for many decades Irish Americans were the largest ethnic group in San Francisco.  However, as of the early 21st century, the largest ethnic group in San Francisco is Chinese Americans and most of the Irish Americans have moved to the suburban parts of the San Francisco Bay Area.  Each year, however, Irish from all over the San Francisco Bay Area come into San Francisco to march in or to see the Saint Patrick's Day parade march down Market Street, held the Sunday before Saint Patrick's Day.  Numerous people from all ethnic groups can be seen wearing green in San Francisco on Saint Patrick's Day.[citation needed]

text: Dublin, California[edit]

text: The annual Saint Patrick's Day celebration includes a 5K Fun Run and Walk, a pancake breakfast, a festival, and a parade. The parade is popular with residents and visitors from outside Dublin alike, and has been growing in popularity each year. It is sponsored by the Dublin Host Lions Club and features bands and colorful floats. The Dublin firefighters sponsor the pancake breakfast, and tours of the firehouse are popular with children. The festival continues all weekend, and features food, games, kiddie rides, arts & crafts, and information about local organizations. The festival had been held near the end of the parade route in Shamrock Village on Amador Valley Blvd., but was relocated to the Civic Center on Dublin Blvd., in 2007, moving it closer to the growing population in the eastern part of Dublin.

text: Savannah, Georgia[edit]

text: One of the largest parades is held in Savannah, Georgia.  The parade held in Savannah is the largest in Georgia.[46]  Many Irish settled in Savannah even in the earliest years since those freed from debtors' prison were invited to join General James Oglethorpe's fledging colony.  There is a Mass at the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist prior to the parade.  In the early 1960s, there was an attempt to dye the Savannah River green, but all it produced was an irregular green stripe in the middle of the river.   In 2006, the Tánaiste was featured in the parade. The parade travels through Savannah's Historic District.

text: Some confusion exists about the year of the first Saint Patrick's Day parade in Savannah. There is some evidence that a private parade was held by "an unidentified group" referred to as "Fencibles" on 17 March 1813.[100][101] Another source states that the first St. Patrick's Day celebration in Savannah was held in 1818.[46]  However, it is generally accepted that the first publicly held Saint Patrick's Day procession was in 1824, organized by the Hibernian Society.[33][102]

text: The 2012 Parade included over 360 participants making it the largest parade in the history of the City of Savannah.[103]  Organizers say that the 2012 crowd was well over a million people.[103]

text: Scranton, Pennsylvania[edit]

text: Due to the rich history of Scranton participation in Saint Patrick's Day festivities it is one of the oldest parades in the United States. It has been going on annually since 1862 by the Saint Patrick's Day Parade Association of Lackawanna County and the parade has got attention nationally as being one of the better Saint Patrick's Day parades. The parade route begins on Wyoming Avenue and loops up to Penn Avenue and then Lackawanna Avenue before going back down over Jefferson Avenue to get to Washington Avenue.  Since 1962 the St. Patrick’s Parade Day Association of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, has conducted this nationally acclaimed parade the weekend before the feast of St. Patrick.[citation needed]

text: Seattle, Washington[edit]

text: Seattle Washington's Saint Patrick's Day Parade,[104] recognized by CNN in 2009 as one of the "Five places to get your green on" in America,[105] travels along a 1-mile route through the Emerald City's downtown financial and retail core the Saturday before Saint Patrick's Day. Seattle's Saint Patrick's Day Celebration is the largest and oldest in the Northwestern United States. In 2009, some 20,000 spectators and groups from throughout the Northwest turned out for the city's Irish shenanigans. Along with the annual "Laying 'O the Green" where Irish revellers mark the path of the next morning's procession with a mile-long green stripe, the Seattle parade marks the high-point of Seattle's Irish Week festivities. The week-long civic celebration organized by the city's Irish Heritage Club [4] includes the annual Society of the Friends of Saint Patrick Dinner where a century-old Irish Shillelagh[106] has been passed to the group's new president for 70 years, an Irish Soda Bread Baking Contest, a Mass for Peace that brings together Catholics and others in a Protestant church, and the annual Irish Week Festival, which takes place around Saint Patrick's Day is enormous, including step dancing, food, historical and modern exhibitions, and Irish lessons. Many celebrities of Irish descent visit Seattle during its Saint Patrick's Day Celebration. In 2010 The Right Honorable Desmond Guinness, a direct descendant of Guinness Brewery founder Arthur Guinness, will serve as the parade's grand marshal. In 2009, The Tonight Show's Conan O'Brien made a guest appearance at the annual Mayor's Proclamation Luncheon at local Irish haunt F.X. McCrory's. And in 2008, European Union Ambassador to the US and former Irish Prime Minister John Bruton served as the parade's grand marshal and marched alongside Tom Costello, the mayor of Galway, Seattle's Irish sister city. Spokane, in eastern Washington, also hosts a Saint Patrick's Day Parade.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in Seattle.

text: Syracuse, New York[edit]

text: In the city of Syracuse, NY, Saint Patrick's celebrations are traditionally begun with the delivery of green beer to Coleman's Irish Pub on the last Sunday of February. Coleman's is located in the Tipperary Hill section of the city. Tipperary Hill is home to the World-famous "Green-on-Top" Traffic Light and is historically the Irish section in Syracuse. Saint Patrick's Day is rung in at midnight with the painting of a Shamrock under the Green-Over-Red traffic light. Syracuse boasts the largest Saint Patrick's Day celebration per-capita in the United States with their annual Syracuse Saint Patrick's Parade,[107] founded by Nancy Duffy, an honoured journalist in the Central New York area and an active community leader, and Daniel F. Casey, a local Irishman and businessman. "The parade remains a major annual event, typically drawing an estimated crowd of more than 100,000 visitors to downtown Syracuse, as well as 5,000 to 6,000 marchers."[108]

text: Tallahassee, Florida[edit]

text: The Tallahassee Irish Society has been hosting an annual Saint Patrick's Day event in Tallahassee since 1999.  In 2010, along with the City of Tallahassee, the first annual Saint Patrick's Day parade and Downtown Get Down is being hosted along Adams Street.[109]

text: Washington, D.C.[edit]

text: A one-day music festival with a parade called National ShamrockFest has been held in Washington, D.C. each year since 2000 in association with Saint Patrick's Day. Approximately 40,000 people attend each year.

text: The St. Patrick’s Parade of Washington, D.C. was first held in 1971. The parade route runs down Constitution Avenue from 7th to 17th Streets, N.W and features marching bands, pipe bands, Irish dance schools, military, police, and fire departments, as well as floats and novelty groups.  [110]

text: Worcester, Massachusetts[edit]

text: The Worcester County St. Patrick's Day Parade has been held annually on the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day since 1983. The parade route runs along Park Avenue, beginning at Mill St. and ending at Elm Park. The parade can often see crowds of over 100,000 people.[111]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Baseball[edit]

text: Although Major League Baseball is still in its preseason spring training phase when Saint Patrick's Day rolls around, some teams celebrate by wearing holiday-themed uniforms. The Cincinnati Reds were the first team to wear Saint Patrick's Day hats in 1978. The Philadelphia Phillies hold the distinction of being the first baseball team to wear green uniforms on Saint Patricks Day. The tradition was started by Phillies pitcher Tug McGraw, who dyed his uniform green the night before March 17, 1981.[112] Along with the Phillies, many other teams have since started wearing Saint Patrick's day themed jerseys, including the Boston Red Sox in 2004, who were also the second team to wear Saint Patrick's Day hats in 1990;[113][114] the green uniforms have also been worn twice during the regular season, in 2007 and 2008, as a tribute to the NBA's Boston Celtics, whose primary color is green. Since then it has become a tradition of many sports teams to also wear special uniforms to celebrate the holiday. The Los Angeles Dodgers also have a history with the Irish-American community. With the O'Malley family owning the team and more recently Frank McCourt, the Dodgers have had team celebrations or worn green jerseys on Saint Patrick's Day.[115] The Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Phillies also wear Saint Patrick's Day caps and jerseys.[116] Other teams celebrate by wearing kelly green hats. These teams include: the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago White Sox, the New York Mets, the San Diego Padres, the Atlanta Braves, the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Kansas City Royals, the Seattle Mariners and the St. Louis Cardinals.[117] The Washington Nationals have fan green hat day on 17 September to represent 6 months to Saint Patrick's Day. The White Sox belatedly celebrate Saint Patrick's Day every second week of September by wearing a variation of their pinstriped home uniforms, featuring green instead of black, as part of their "Halfway to St. Patrick's" promotion.

text: Nearly all Major League Baseball teams now produce Saint Patrick's Day merchandise, including Kelly green hats, jerseys, and T-shirts.[118]

text: Basketball[edit]

text: Four National Basketball Association teams adopt their third jerseys exclusively for Saint Patrick's Day (or Saint Patrick's Day week). During Saint Patrick's Day week, the Boston Celtics, whose road jersey is green, wear their gold/green jerseys, the Chicago Bulls wear their black/green alternate jersey which was introduced in the 2005–06 season, and the Toronto Raptors wear their black/green alternate jerseys which was introduced during the 2007–08 season. During Saint Patrick's Day games, the New York Knicks wear their green/orange alternate, which they adopted in the 2005–06 season, but in the 2009–10 season, they adopted it for both March 17 and Christmas (the league makes a conscious effort to schedule games between teams with green uniforms and red uniforms on the holiday).

text: The practice is not present in college basketball, due to the holiday being largely overshadowed by Championship Week and the subsequent NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, NIT and lesser tournaments.

text: Ice hockey[edit]

text: The New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League traditionally wear their throwback uniforms, which include green in the color scheme (green was removed from the Devils' uniforms in 1992), on Saint Patrick's Day and did so for their 2010 and 2012 games against the Pittsburgh Penguins. They also wore them, albeit belatedly, on March 18, 2011 against the Washington Capitals; the Devils played a road game on March 17.[119] Although the Devils, Dallas Stars and Minnesota Wild (the last two of which have green in their regular color schemes) are the only U.S.-based teams to wear green on ice, the league has offered a line of holiday-themed gear to its fans in recent years.[120] The Buffalo Sabres also donned green and white Irish-inspired practice jerseys (complete with insular script for the names and captain designations) prior to their March 16, 2014, March 17, 2015 and March 17, 2018 games (the team switched to their regular gold third jerseys prior to the games themselves); the jerseys were auctioned off for charity after each game.[121] In recent years, many minor-league hockey teams have chosen to wear special commemorative green Jerseys to mark the occasion.[122]

text: Lacrosse[edit]

text: The Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League (like the NHL's Sabres, owned by Terrence Pegula) introduced a special black-and-green third jersey on their Saint Patrick's Day 2012 game, which was likewise auctioned off for charity.[123]

text: Football[edit]

text: The only other major American sport, football, is out of season during the Saint Patrick's Day holiday. The National Football League does sell Saint Patrick's Day merchandise for its teams, however.[124]

text: Rugby[edit]

text: The Saint Patrick's Day Test (also known as the Donnybrook Cup) is an international rugby league football match played between the United States and  Ireland. The competition was first started in 1995 with Ireland winning the first two tests with the US winning the last 4 in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004. The game is usually held on or around 17 March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day.


document_title: Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series)

question_text: when does season 3 of crazy ex girlfriend start

root

text: Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Rebecca Bunch is a Yale- and Harvard-educated real-estate lawyer who works for a top New York City law firm. She panics when offered a partnership with the firm, and bumps into her first love from summer camp, Josh Chan, on the street. Josh tells her he could not make it in New York City and is moving back to his hometown of West Covina, California ("Just two hours from the beach, four hours in traffic"). While watching a butter spread commercial, Rebecca decides to follow Josh in search of happiness. She hops on a plane to Los Angeles, drives to West Covina, gets a job at Darryl Whitefeather's West Covina law firm, rents an apartment, and flushes all her depression and anxiety meds down the sink. She becomes friends with the firm's paralegal, Paula, and her neighbor Heather and begins an on-again-off-again relationship with Josh's friend Greg, while trying to reconnect with Josh.

tag: p

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4

Rachel Bloom
Rebecca Bunch
Main

Vincent Rodriguez III
Joshua Chan
Main

Santino Fontana
Greg Serrano
Main[a]

Donna Lynne Champlin
Paula Proctor
Main

Pete Gardner
Darryl Whitefeather
Main

Vella Lovell
Heather Davis
Main

Gabrielle Ruiz
Valencia Perez
Recurring
Main

David Hull
Josh Wilson
Recurring
Main

Scott Michael Foster
Nathaniel Plimpton III

Recurring
Main

tag: table

text:
Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Nora Bunch, a lawyer originally from New York City. Rebecca suffers from symptoms of depression and anxiety. She is prone to impulsive decisions and delusions. Rebecca tends to hallucinate when she's under emotional distress. Rebecca uproots her life and relocates to the suburb of West Covina, California, in an attempt to win back her childhood ex-boyfriend, Josh. Intelligent but often lacking awareness of appropriate behavior in a given situation, Rebecca comes across as socially awkward, selfish, self-centered, needy, and eccentric to those around her. In "Josh is Irrelevant," it is revealed that she was misdiagnosed and Dr. Shin and Dr. Akopian diagnosed her with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Vincent Rodriguez III as Joshua "Josh" Felix Chan, Rebecca's caring yet occasionally dim-witted ex-boyfriend and the object of her affection for much of the series. Josh demonstrates commitment issues in his relationship with Rebecca and is a very oblivious person. Like Rebecca, Josh has a tendency to be self-centered and comes off as such to those around him. Josh has since improved as a person and had apologized to Rebecca for the mistakes he made in their relationship. He is currently on a journey of self discovery as he tries to find his path and what he wants in life.
Santino Fontana as Greg Serrano, a smart but underachieving bartender and Josh's best friend, who has complicated feelings for Rebecca. He departs West Covina to attend business school at Emory University, partly as a way to get away from his destructive relationship with Rebecca, despite his feelings for her. Although he struggles with alcoholism throughout season 1, he comes to terms with his addiction in season 2. In "Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Is Crazy," it is revealed that Greg has a new girlfriend and is doing well. (seasons 1–2)
Donna Lynne Champlin as Paula Proctor, Rebecca's co-worker and new best friend. As a way to distract herself from her own failing marriage, Paula hatches schemes and gives questionable advice in support of Rebecca's pursuit of Josh, mostly to compensate for her lack of fulfillment from not pursuing her dreams when she was younger. She later begins to focus instead on pursuing her law degree. She and Scott have a tendency to be very neglectful parents which is a recurring gag in the show. A unique thing about Paula is that she has a wide array of gadgets at her disposal such as tracking devices that are obtained through various means legal or otherwise and her skills in tracking, spying, hacking, manipulation, blackmailing and coercion.
Pete Gardner as Darryl Whitefeather, Rebecca's sentimental, emotional and often clueless boss. A middle-aged divorced dad, he discovers he is bisexual and begins dating Josh Wilson. He is prone to feelings of loneliness and neediness over the fact that he originally lacked strong friendships and real personal connections with others. He later forms friendships with Maya, Nathaniel, Rebecca, and Paula, whom he considers his best friend. Darryl and White Josh are the only consistently stable romantic relationship in the show, though they eventually break up over Darryls desire to have a baby. Despite having a good heart, Darryl is very forceful and often tries very hard to force his ideas, beliefs, and schemes onto others.
Vella Lovell as Heather Davis, Rebecca's "cool" college student neighbor who gives sage advice and discovers she has feelings for Greg. She lacks motivation for obtaining any form of achievement or self-sufficiency, due to the fact that her parents encouraged failure and coddled her. She later starts working as the face of the "Miss Douche" feminine product and becomes Rebecca's roommate. In season 3, Heather is forced by her college to graduate despite her wishes then becomes a regional manager for three Home Base bars as well as Darryl's surrograte. She also begins to date Hector after they connect while searching for Rebecca when she goes missing.
Gabrielle Ruiz as "Valencia" Maria Perez, Josh's controlling girlfriend and Rebecca's rival for Josh's affections. She initially had a strong resistance to forming relationships with women, as she saw them as competition, making her socially inept and disliked among her female peers. She feels unfulfilled and unsatisfied with her life after having devoted 15 years of her life to her relationship with Josh. A recurring gag in the show is that Valencia is believed to suffer from insecurities over her body image. In season 2, Valencia is no longer Josh's girlfriend and is befriended by Rebecca. It has recently been developed that Valencia is bisexual and she is now dating a woman named Beth. They are in a party planning business together. (recurring, season 1; main, seasons 2—present)
David Hull as Josh Wilson, Josh Chan's Caucasian friend, usually referred to as "White Josh" or "Whi-Jo", a laid back surf-casual fitness instructor. He begins dating Darryl after the latter comes out as bisexual. Josh Wilson tends to be judgmental yet is one of the most level-headed, rational characters in his social sphere. He and Darryl break up over Darryls desire to have a baby, but stay on friendly terms. (recurring, seasons 1-2; main, seasons 3—present)
Scott Michael Foster as Nathaniel Plimpton III, a successful lawyer and Rebecca's new boss in season 2 after he buys equity in Whitefeather & Associates. He and Rebecca have a complicated relationship due to mutual dislike yet intense physical attraction to one other, and explore a relationship through part of season 3. He possesses an inferiority complex, feeling that he needs to live up to his father's expectations; he tends to become self-loathing and defeatist when he fails to do so. Nathaniel is somewhat sociopathic because he initially didn't have any qualms about doing things that would be deemed by most as evil such as when he almost had Josh's grandfather 'lolo" killed. (recurring, season 2; main, seasons 3—present)

tag: ul

text: Jump up ^ Santino Fontana is credited as main cast until the fourth episode of season 2.

tag: ol

text: Recurring[edit]

text: Secondary Cast[edit]

text:
Erick Lopez as Hector, a randy and occasionally oblivious friend of Josh and Greg. He still lives with his mother, with whom he has an unusually close relationship. He is currently Heather's boyfriend. Hector has come to realize his co-dependent relationship with his mother was unhealthy and had moved out.
Tovah Feldshuh as Naomi Bunch, Rebecca's divorced, controlling, and overbearing Jewish mother.
Steve Monroe as Scott Proctor, Paula's husband. They begin to address their marital problems when he is roped into Paula's scheming. He confesses to cheating on Paula in season 2. A recurring gag in the show is that Scott and Paula are neglectful parents.
Gina Gallego as Mrs. Hernandez, the communications director at Whitefeather. Although mute for all of season 1, she finally speaks in "Who Is Josh's Soup Fairy?". She generally dislikes Rebecca and disapproves of her life choices.
Rene Gube as Father Joseph, also known as Father Brah, a laid-back young priest who is Josh's childhood friend and confidant. He's shown to occasionally indulge in un-priestly behavior, including smoking marijuana and gambling.
Amy Hill as Lourdes Chan, Josh's mother who is openly critical of Valenica throughout the series, and very fond of Rebecca, even after she and Josh break up.
Johnny Ray Meeks as Kevin, Greg's overly accommodating boss.
Michael Hyatt as Dr. Noelle Akopian, Rebecca's straight-laced and perpetually frustrated psychiatrist. Rebecca imagines a more vibrant version of Dr. Akopian giving her advice. Her husband Dr. Davit Akopian (portrayed by Piter Marek) who also is a psychiatrist took over for her temporarily when she was away and acted as Darryl's and White Josh's relationship counselor in the season 3 premiere episode "Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Wants Revenge".
Jay Hayden as Dr. Daniel Shin, Rebecca's new doctor.[11] (season 3)
Michael McMillian as Tim, he and his friend Jim are staffers at Whitefeather & Associates who were initially antagonistic toward Rebecca and Paula. He unwillingly became friends with Paula after she promised not deport him to his home country of Canada because he's an illegal immigrant. He is one of Paula's favorite people to pick on whether intentional or not.
Paul Welsh as Trent Maddock, Rebecca's old Harvard classmate who has an obsessive crush on her.
Stephnie Weir as Karen, Rebecca's co-worker with off-putting personality quirks, including a tendency for giving away too much information. (seasons 1-2)
Danny Jolles as George, an employee that works at Whitefeather & Associates, though none of his co-workers know his name. Beginning in season 3 he has become friends with Nathaniel.
Esther Povitsky as Maya, the millennial administrative assistant at Whitefeather & Associates who is a close friend of Darryl's.
Burl Moseley as Jim, he and his friend Tim are staffers at Whitefeather & Associates who were initially antagonistic toward Rebecca and Paula.
Jacob Guenther as Chris, a young boy who is Greg's friend and who also frequents Home Base, the bar where Greg worked and, eventually, Heather works and where Josh's gang frequents, offering precocious commentary.
Zayne Emory (season 1 and season 3) and Elijah Nelson (season 2) as Brendan Proctor, Paula's and Scott's oldest son.
Steele Stebbins as Tommy Proctor, Paula's and Scott's youngest son.
Olivia Edward as Madison Whitefeather, Darryl's daughter from his previous marriage. She has her own YouTube page where she showcases her pet snails that she often names after figures in popular culture. She is fond of her father's boyfriend, White Josh.
Ava Acres as Young Rebecca, shown in flashbacks that detail the origins of Rebecca's various neuroses. (seasons 1,3)
Emma Willmann as Beth, she is currently Valencia's girlfriend and they are in business together.

text: Other recurring characters[edit]

text:
John Allen Nelson (Jay Huguley in "I Hope Josh Comes to My Party!") as Silas Bunch, Rebecca's estranged father who left her after a heated argument with Naomi. She briefly visits his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, but is brought back home by Naomi, at Silas' suggestion. He ultimately comes to West Covina for the wedding of Rebecca and Josh. (seasons 1-2)
Robin Thomas as Marco Serrano, Greg's father.
Rachel Grate as Audra Levine, Rebecca's longtime rival who has replaced her at her old firm.
Eugene Cordero as Alex, Josh's boss.
Alberto Issac as Joseph Chan, Josh's father.
Tess Paras and Coryn Mabalot as Jayma and Jastenity Chan, Josh's sisters. (seasons 1-2)
Benjamin Siemon as Brody, a grocery clerk with half an eyelid. (seasons 1,3)
Hunter Stiebel as Marty, a white grocery clerk with an afro. (seasons 1,3)
Michael Hitchcock as Bert (seasons 1,3)
Allison Dunbar as Stacy Whitefeather, she is Darryl's ex wife and apparently isn't a very nice person. (seasons 1,3)
David Grant Wright as Nathaniel Plimpton II, Nathaniel's father (season 2-present)
Parvesh Cheena as Sunil Odhav, a classmate of Paula's who becomes a close friend. (season 2-present)
Arden Belle as Lana, a member of Rebecca's outpatient BPD therapy group.
Carrie Clifford as Clarice, a member of Rebecca's outpatient BPD therapy group.
Craig Gellis as Rick, a member of Rebecca's outpatient BPD therapy group.
Brittany Snow as Anna Hicks, a new love interest for Josh. (season 2)
Cedric Yarbrough as Calvin Young, a potential client for Rebecca's law firm. He almost has an affair with Paula. (season 1)
John Yuan and Matthew Yuan as Ben and David, twin boba stand attendants. (season 1)

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

text:
Roshon Fegan as Nguyen
Phil McGraw as himself (seasons 1, 3)
Amber Riley and Ricki Lake as the Dream Ghosts
BJ Novak as himself
Lea Salonga as Aunt Myrna, Josh's Aunt
Patton Oswalt as Castleman, a graveyard security guard
Patti LuPone as Rabbi Shari, Rebecca's rabbi from Scarsdale
Seth Green as Patrick, a delivery guy
Adam Kaufman as Robert Donnelly, Rebecca's former professor at Harvard, with whom she had an affair
Josh Groban as himself
Bayne Gibby as Cornelia, Rebecca's replacement at Whitefeather

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
18
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12)
April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)

2
13
October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21)
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

3
13
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
February 16, 2018 (2018-02-16)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The series was originally developed for Showtime, and a pilot was produced, but Showtime opted not to proceed with it on February 9, 2015.[12] The CW picked up the series on May 7, 2015, for the Fall 2015–2016 season.[13] The series has been extensively reworked for The CW, expanding the show format from a half-hour to a full hour and adjusting the content for broadcast television, as the original pilot was produced for premium cable. This included omitting that Rebecca had obtained an abortion before the show.[14] On October 5, 2015, shortly before the series premiere, The CW placed an order of five additional scripts.[15] On November 23, 2015, the CW ordered another five episodes,[16] raising the total for season 1 to 18.[17] On March 11, 2016, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend was renewed for a second season, along with eleven other CW series.[18] The second season commenced on October 21, 2016. The second season is shown in the UK on Netflix with episodes available the Saturday after the U.S. airdate. On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 13, 2017.[19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On September 30, 2014, Santino Fontana, Donna Lynne Champlin, Vincent Rodriguez III and Michael McDonald joined Rachel Bloom in the series regular cast.[20] With the move to The CW, the series went through casting changes and McDonald departed the cast.[14] Shortly afterwards, Vella Lovell and Pete Gardner were added as regulars; with Lovell in the role of Heather, Rebecca's underachieving neighbor; and Gardner replacing McDonald in the role of Darryl, Rebecca's new boss.[21]

text: On May 23, 2016, it was announced that Gabrielle Ruiz, who portrays Valencia, was promoted to series regular for season two.[22] In November 2016, it was announced that Santino Fontana would be departing the series, with episode four of the second season resulting as his last as a series regular.[23]

text: On April 5, 2017, it was announced that David Hull and Scott Michael Foster, who portray White Josh and Nathaniel respectively, were promoted to series regulars for season three.[24]

text: Music[edit]

text: Each episode contains two to four original songs. These are usually sung by Rebecca or a character with whom she is having a direct interaction, parodying the musical theater conceit of characters bursting into song at significant moments in the plot. In "Josh Has No Idea Where I Am", it is revealed that Rebecca has these musical fantasies out of passion for her love of musical theater. In later episodes, several other characters sing while Rebecca is not present.

text: A few of the songs on the show are shot twice, one clean version and an explicit version. The explicit versions are posted on Bloom's YouTube channel.[25]

text: "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: Original Television Soundtrack (Season 1 - Volume 1)" was released on February 19, 2016 in both explicit and clean versions. It includes all the songs from the first eight episodes of season one, alongside Bloom's a cappella rough demos of "Feeling Kinda Naughty", "I Have Friends", "Settle for Me," and "Sex with a Stranger" as well as Adam Schlesinger's demo version of "What'll It Be".[26]

text: "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: Original Television Soundtrack (Season 1 - Vol. 2)" was released on May 20, 2016. It includes all the songs from the last 10 episodes of season one, as well as demos of "JAP Battle", "I Could If I Wanted To", "Women Gotta Stick Together", "Group Hang", and "You Stupid Bitch".[27]

text: For season two, the songs were released as singles the day of their original airing. The full season two soundtrack came out on March 3, 2017. It featured every major song from season 2, as well as two deleted songs: "It's Not Difficult to Define Miss Deuche" and "Sex Toys," a solo for the recurring character Karen. It also included demos for "Santa Ana Winds", the theme song "I'm Just a Girl in Love", and "Rebecca's Reprise".[28]

text: All songs in season 3 were released as singles following their airing. The full album has yet to be released.

text: Themes[edit]

text: Mental illness[edit]

text: Arguably the most important recurring theme of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is the show's portrayal of mental illness and treatment.[29][30][31][32][33][34] This aspect of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend has garnered wide praise both throughout the film and television industry and within the show's own fandom.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Psychology Today has also acknowledged and praised this aspect of the show as well.[44]

text: In addition to the psychological evaluation and development of Rebecca, other major characters are similarly depicted as suffering from psychological traumas that influence their personalities and relationships.[45][46] Such characters include Valencia,[47][48][49][50] Paula,[51][52][53] Darryl,[54][55][56] Greg,[57][58] Nathaniel,[59] Scott,[52] and Heather.[60]

text: This has also inspired the show's fandom to engage in discussions of mental illness, specifically regarding social stigmas and treatment of said illnesses.[61][62][63][64][65]

text: Female sexuality and the reproductive system[edit]

text: Another defining feature of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is its frank portrayal of female sexuality and the reproductive system, both of which serve as sources of the show's cringe humor. In Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, both topics are largely normalized in conversation. In particular, female characters are portrayed as being sexually liberated and unashamed of their sexuality. In the episode "To Josh, with Love", characters have frank and honest discussions regarding female sexuality and clitoral stimulation.[66][67][68][69][70]

text: The reproductive system is given the same treatment in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. Menstruation and diseases associated with female anatomy are often discussed without judgment, evidenced best by when Paula had an abortion in the second season and her friends and family focused on the emotional impact of her decision, rather than questioning or shaming it.[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]

text: Parenting[edit]

text: Parenting is a major theme depicted in the show, as many the personalities of several major characters are shaped by their parents' inattentive or cold, distant demeanors. In particular, Rebecca, Paula, Nathaniel, Darryl, and Greg are all affected by parents who exhibit these behaviors. Rebecca's overly critical and overbearing mother[79][80] and negligent father[81][82] has greatly impacted her sense of self and self esteem. In contrast, both Paula's[83] and Nathaniel's[84] fathers were revealed to have been emotionally abusive, resulting in both Nathaniel's inferiority complex and Paula's lack of self confidence. Greg's absentee mother[85][86] after his parents' divorce resulted in him resenting her and helped Greg develop his cynical personality.

text: On the opposite end of this spectrum is the way Heather's parents raised her. Heather's parents were very attentive, loving and supportive to the point they coddled her and never encouraged her to make anything of herself.[87][88] This ultimately resulted in Heather developing a lazy, aimless, unenthusiastic and somewhat apathetic personality, demonstrating the complexity of parenting.[89]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Crazy Ex-Girlfriend has received critical acclaim, with critics praising the show's writing, musical numbers and Bloom's performance. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the first season received an average score of 78 based on 23 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[90] Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 96% positive rating, with an average rating of 7.7 out of 10 based on reviews from 49 critics, with the site's consensus stating: "Lively musical numbers and a refreshing, energetic lead, Rachel Bloom, make Crazy Ex-Girlfriend a charming, eccentric commentary on human relationships."[91]

text: The second season continued to receive acclaim, with Bloom, Fontana and Champlin earning particular praise. The season holds a rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9 out of 10 based on 13 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend remains delightfully weird, engaging, and even more courageous and confident in its sophomore outing."[92] On Metacritic, it has a score of 86 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[93]

text: The third season continued to receive acclaim, this season in particular was widely praised for its portrayal of mental illness. The performances of Bloom, Champlin[94] and Foster were particularly praised. The chemistry between Gardner and Hull's characters was widely praised as well. The season holds a rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 8.6 out of 10 based on 15 reviews.[95]

text: Margaret Lyons from the New York Times chose Crazy Ex-Girlfriend as one of her picks for the best TV shows of 2017.[96] The show was also listed as one of the top shows of 2017 by numerous critics from Variety, USA Today, The A.V. Club, The Guardian, The Independent, Business Insider, Paste, The Daily Beast, NPR, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Vulture, among others.[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] Some of the notable critics include James Poniewozik and Maureen Ryan.

text: Critics' year-end lists[edit]

text:
[show]2015

No. 1 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette[110]
No. 5 - Las Vegas Weekly[111]
No. 9 - CinemaBlend[112]
No. 9 - Entertainment Weekly[113]
Unranked - Chicago Reader[114]
Unranked - Flavorwire[115]
Unranked - IndieWire[116]
Unranked - Los Angeles Times[117]

text:
[show]2016

No. 1 - CinemaBlend[118]
No. 2 - Las Vegas Weekly[119]
No. 3 - TV Insider[120]
No. 5 - The A.V. Club[121]
No. 5 - The Week[122]
No. 6 - TVLine[123]
No. 6 - Vulture[124]
No. 7 - Variety[125]
No. 8 - Flavorwire[126]
No. 8 - TV Guide[127]
No. 9 - The Daily Beast[128]
No. 9 - Film School Rejects[129]
No. 10 - Uproxx[130]
Unranked - Nerdist[131]
Unranked - Newsweek[132]
Unranked - The New York Times[133]

text:
[show]2017

No. 1 - USA Today[106]
No. 14 - The A.V. Club[134]
No. 5 - TVLine[135]
No. 5 - Variety[136]
No. 6 - E![137]
No. 7 - The Daily Beast[100]
No. 7 - Paste[105]
No. 8 - The Village Voice[138]
No. 9 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette[104]
No. 9 - TV by the Numbers[139]
No. 9 - Vulture[102]
Unranked - Associated Press[140]
Unranked - Metro[141]
Unranked - The New York Times[142]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Monday 8:00 pm
18
October 12, 2015
0.90[143]
April 18, 2016
0.82[144]
2015–16
195
1.03
0.4[145]

2
Friday 9:00 pm
13
October 21, 2016
0.53[146]
February 3, 2017
0.58[147]
2016–17
164
0.75[148]
0.3[149]

3
Friday 8:00 pm
13
October 13, 2017
0.62[150]
February 16, 2018
0.60[151]
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref

2016
68th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Choreography
Kathryn Burns ("I'm So Good at Yoga", "A Boy Band Made Up of Four Joshes" and "Settle for Me")
Won
[152]

Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics
Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom and Jack Dolgen ("Settle for Me")
Nominated

Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music
Rachel Bloom and Adam Schlesinger
Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Kabir Akhtar ("Josh Just Happens to Live Here")
Won

Critics' Choice Award
Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Rachel Bloom
Won
[153]

Dorian Awards
Unsung TV Show of the Year
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[154]

Gold Derby Awards
Best Comedy Actress
Rachel Bloom
Nominated
[155]

Best Breakthrough Performer of the Year
Nominated

Golden Globe Award
Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Rachel Bloom
Won
[156]

Gotham Awards
Breakthrough Series – Long Form
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Won
[157]

HMMA Awards
Outstanding Music Supervision – Television
Jack Dolgen
Nominated
[155]

OFTA Awards
Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Rachel Bloom
Nominated
[155]

Best New Theme Song in a Series
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated

People's Choice Awards
Favorite New TV Comedy
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[158]

Poppy Awards
Best Comedy Series
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[159]

Best Actress in a Comedy
Rachel Bloom
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy
Santino Fontana
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy
Donna Lynne Champlin
Nominated

TCA Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Comedy
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[160]

Outstanding New Program
Nominated

Individual Achievement in Comedy
Rachel Bloom
Won

Young Artist Award
Recurring Young Actor (13 and Under)
Steele Stebbins
Nominated
[161]

2017
69th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics
Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom and Jack Dolgen ("We Tapped That Ass")
Nominated
[162]

Artios Awards
Best Casting in a Television Pilot and First Season Comedy
Felicia Fasano, Bernard Telsey, Tim Payne and Tara Nostramo
Won
[163]

Dorian Awards
TV Comedy of the Year
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[155]

GLAAD Media Award
Outstanding Comedy Series
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[164]

Gold Derby Awards
Best Comedy Series
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Nominated
[165]

Best Comedy Actress
Rachel Bloom
Nominated

Golden Globe Award
Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Rachel Bloom
Nominated
[166]

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing – TV Short Form Musical
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend ("When Will Josh See How Cool I Am?")
Nominated
[167]

Gracie Awards
Comedy – TV National
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Won
[168]

Actress in a Supporting Role – Comedy or Musical
Donna Lynne Champlin
Won

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Original Song – TV Show/Limited Series
Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom, and Jack Dolgen ("We Tapped That Ass")
Nominated
[169]

Women's Image Network Awards
Outstanding Comedy Series
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Won
[170]

2018
Eddie Awards
Best Edited Comedy Series (Commercial)
Kabir Akhtar and Kyla Plewes ("Josh’s Ex-Girlfriend Wants Revenge")
Nominated
[171]

GLAAD Media Award
Outstanding Comedy Series
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Pending
[172]