document_title: The Irregular at Magic High School

question_text: the irregular at magic high school enrollment arc

text: The Irregular at Magic High School

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series is set in a world with an alternate history, where magic exists and has been polished through modern technology. However, the ability to use magic is determined by genetics, limiting the amount of magicians in existence. Following the Third World War, the world's superpowers shifted to these four nations: The United States of North America (USNA), New Soviet Union, the Great Asian Alliance, and Japan. In Japan, the magic community is informally governed by the ten master clans in lieu of the government. Due to the limited amount of magicians, they are treated as commodity and are forced to enter magic related schools and professions. Nine magic high schools exist in Japan; they each specialize in different aspects of magic and are simply referred to by their numbers.

text: The story follows Tatsuya Shiba, a bodyguard to his sister Miyuki Shiba who is also a candidate to succeed the master clan, Yotsuba. They enroll into First High School which segregates its students based on their magical abilities. Miyuki is enlisted as a first course student and is viewed as one of the best students, while Tatsuya is in the second course and considered to be magically inept. However, Tatsuya's technical knowledge, combat abilities, and unique magic techniques causes people to view him as an irregular to the school's standardized rankings.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Tatsuya and Miyuki are siblings of the same year and children to Tatsurou Shiba and the late Miya Yotsuba;LN 3.2 their parents had a loveless forced marriage, and when their mother died, their father married his mistress, Sayuri Furuha, leaving the siblings to live by themselves.LN 6.2 Maya Yotsuba, their aunt and the leader of the Yotsuba, was the reason Tatsuya was born with the unique magic to decompose, reconstruct, and detonate matter.LN 16.6 Out of fear, the Yotsuba rallied for Tatsuya's death, forcing Miya and Maya to take measures to ensure his survival: the first was Miyuki's creation, a powerful magician who will act as a seal to Tatsuya's power; the second is to magically dull Tatsuya's emotions except for his familial love towards Miyuki; and the third was to assign Tatsuya to be Miyuki's bodyguard in order to develop his sense of loyalty towards her.LN 16.6 During a family vacation in Okinawa, Tatsuya wards off an invasion by the Great Asian Alliance and joins the 101 Independent Magic-Equipped Battalion which is headed by major Kazama Harunobu.LN 8.7 At some point during his life, Tatsuya developed an interest in engineering magical technology and commercialized revolutionary technology through his family's company, Four Leaves Technology, under the identity Taurus Silver.LN 3.2 He is voiced by Yuichi Nakamura.[2]

text: Miyuki is considered one of the strongest magicians in the world and is a candidate to succeed the Yotsuba. Her specialty is freezing magic, and her unique magic allows her to freeze a person's consciousness. In addition, half of her magic casting abilities is used to seal Tatsuya's powers. Before the family vacation in Okinawa, Miyuki treated Tatsuya coldly akin to how the other Yotsuba clan members did. She begins to warm up to him and when Tatsuya saves her life, devotes her existence to him. It evolves to the point she disdains the touch of other males and expresses jealousy towards females around Tatsuya.LN 11.15 Genetically different from Tatsuya, despite being born from the same parents, Miyuki professes her love to him following their engagement under Maya's orders.LN 16.6 She is voiced by Saori Hayami.[2]

text: In the polls by Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!, both Tatsuya and Miyuki ranked as one of the most popular light novel characters.[3] Outside of the franchise, Tatsuya and Miyuki also appear in Dengeki Bunko: Fighting Climax.[4]

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text: Tatsuya's group[edit]

text: Tatsuya's group consists of seven classmates whom he spends time with in his daily school life. They often assist Tatsuya during investigations and dangerous situations.

text:
Erika Chiba[Jp. 1] is the daughter born from the Chiba clan's leader and his mistress, which creates a strained relationship with her family. She has a tomboyish and optimistic personality, and is considered one of the best swordsman in the clan.LN 7.11 Her magic is used to enhance her sword and combat techniques. She considers Mizuki to be her best friend and has a crush on Tatsuya.LN 8.10 She is voiced by Yumi Uchiyama.[2]
Leonhard Saijo[Jp. 2], commonly referred to as Leo, is the grandson of a Fortress Series modified magician.LN 3.4 His grandfather was one of the few survivors of the Fortress Series' instabilities, which causes early death or psychosis. Leo inherited his grandfather's physical augmentations and fears he may also have inherited the Fortress Series' faults.LN 3.4 During combat, Leo uses magic to fortify objects or his own body to augment his combat abilities. He is voiced by Takuma Terashima.[2]
Mizuki Shibata[Jp. 3] is a girl with the disposition called crystal eyes which allows her to see the components of magic invisible to most people.LN 3.3 Her ability mentally strains her, requiring her to wear glasses to control her vision. She has a timid, calm, and feminine personality, and is voiced by Satomi Sato.[2]
Mikihiko Yoshida[Jp. 4] is a prodigy from the Yoshida clan which specializes in magic dealing with spirits. Years prior to the series Mikihiko failed a summoning ritual which created a psychological block and prevented him from using magic effectively. His involvement with Tatsuya restores his confidence, allowing him to regain his magical talents. He is voiced by Atsushi Tamaru.[2]
Honoka Mitsui[Jp. 5] is a descendant of a group of extinct magician referred to as the Elements.LN 6.7 The Elements specialize in one of the six elements of magic and had loyalty genetically embedded into their genes. Honoka uses light magic, and her genetic loyalty is directed towards Tatsuya. She is voiced by Sora Amamiya.[2]
Shizuku Kitayama[Jp. 6] is Honoka's best friend and daughter to an extremely wealthy man.LN 4.1 Shizuku is a mature and tactful girl who rarely shows emotion. She inherited her mother's talent for oscillation magic. She is voiced by Yuiko Tatsumi.[2]
Minami Sakurai[Jp. 7] is the niece of Hoonami Sakurai, Miya Yotsuba's guardian.LN 12.1 Both Minami and Hoonami were created by the Yotsuba to serve the clan and specialize in barrier type magic. Minami is Miyuki's junior and serves as her maid and second bodyguard.LN 12.1

text: Student Council and Disciplinary Committee[edit]

text: The student council is a group of students which provides a liaison between the teachers and students. Meanwhile, the Disciplinary Committee consists of students who are essentially rule enforcers. The third less notable committee is the Extracurricular Activities Federation who ensures that school clubs don't come into conflict with each other. The three committees are closely related and work together to preserve the peace on campus.

text: Mayumi Saegusa[Jp. 8] is the student council president during the Shiba siblings first year at school.LN 1.2 She puts on a coy and innocent facade but is actually mischievous and highly perceptive. Mayumi is talented as a sniper and her form of offensive magic involves firing dry ice as projectiles.LN 3.5 During the course of the story, she manipulates Miyuki into joining the student council and Tatsuya into the Disciplinary Committee. She develops an attraction to Tatsuya and places him in awkward situations for fun. After enrolling into Magic University, her twin sisters, Kasumi and Izumi Saegusa, enroll into First High.LN 12.6 Mayumi is voiced by Kana Hanazawa.[2]

text: Two people worked alongside Mayumi during the year. The first is Mari Watanabe[Jp. 9] who is the leader of the Disciplinary Committee.LN 1.2 Mari has a tomboyish personality but becomes completely feminine in front of her boyfriend, Chiba Naotsugu, who is also Erika's half brother.LN 4.10 For combat, she uses a whip like blade and uses magic to manipulate toxic chemicals.LN 6.6 Second is Katsuto Jumonji[Jp. 10], the leader of the Extracurricular Activities Federation.LN 2.6 Katsuto is the next head for the Jumonji clan and inherited the clans barrier magic, Phalanx; an impenetrable and perpetual barrier used for defensive and offensive purposes.LN 4.12 Both the Saegusa and Jumonji are members of the master clan, forcing Mayumi and Katsuto to be politically involved with the magic community outside of school. Mari is voiced by Marina Inoue while Jumonji by Junichi Suwabe.[2]

text: During the Shiba siblings second year, Mayumi is succeeded by Azusa Nakajou[Jp. 11], a timid and youthful looking girl.LN 5.6 Azusa has an interest in magic engineering and suspects Tatsuya is Taurus Silver. She is able to use a unique magic named after her, Azusa Dream, to forcefully pacify people.LN 7.10 Mari is succeeded by Kanon Chiyoda[Jp. 12], an impulsive and good-natured girl.LN 6.1 She is engaged to Kei Isori[Jp. 13], an androgynous and timid boy, and loves him dearly.LN 3.4 Azusa is voiced by Saki Ogasawara, Kanon is voiced by Saori Onishi, and Isori is voiced by Sōma Saitō.[2][5][6]

text: Other characters[edit]

text:
Masaki Ichijo[Jp. 14] is a first-year student from Third High School and the successor to the Ichijo clan.LN 3.4 His combat magic includes manipulating air, water molecules, and his unique magic allows him to evaporate water within an organism. He is often accompanied by his best friend, Shinkuro Kichijoji[Jp. 15], who is credited as discovering one of the sixteen codes fundamental to magic.LN 3.4 Shinkuro feels indebted to the Ichijo family for adopting him after his parents' death and promises to serve them forever. After losing the nine school competition, they both seek to improve themselves to overcome Tatsuya.LN 5.4 Masaki is voiced by Yoshitsugu Matsuoka while Shinkuro by Ayumu Murase.[2]
Haruka Ono[Jp. 16] is an agent for the Ministry of Public Safety and infiltrates the school as a counselor.LN 3.1 She takes both her duties seriously and frequently assists Tatsuya in gathering information. In addition, Haruka disposition enhances her concealment magic; she also trains under Yakumo Kokonoe to enhance her hiding abilities.LN 3.1 She is voiced by Sakura Tange.[7]
Yakumo Kokonoe[Jp. 17] is a master of ninjutsu, a minority and an older form of magic.LN 1.2 He chooses to isolate himself from magician politics and spends most of his time gathering information and training his disciples. He is voiced by Ryōtarō Okiayu[8]
Pixy[Jp. 18] is a Humanoid Home Helper, an android designed to serve humans. She was created and owned by First High's robotics club. During the Visitor Arc, she is used as a vessel for a supernatural sentient being dubbed as parasites.LN 6.7 The parasite began identifying itself as Pixy, and due to Honoka's presence, has developed feelings of love towards Tatsuya. Tatsuya buys her to prevent the magic community from militarizing the parasite inside her.LN 6.8 She is voiced by Nao Tōyama.[9]
Zhou Gongjin[Jp. 19] is the middle man who orchestrated all major conflicts in the series. He is part of an unknown organization led by Jiedo Heigu[Jp. 20] who wishes to destroy the Yotsuba. Zhou is voiced by Kōji Yusa.[10]
Angelina Kudo Shields[Jp. 21] is the leader of the USNA's magician army force known as Stars.LN 7.1 Her military identity is Angie Sirius, and she is considered one of the thirteen publicly declared strategic magicians. She is voiced by Yōko Hikasa.[11]

text: Publication and conception[edit]

text: The story was conceived around a protagonist whose abilities can not be measured through standardized evaluation;LN 2.A as such, he is mistakenly categorized as a poor performing student or an irregular. This premise served as a basis for the character, Tatsuya Shiba.LN 2.A Satō has two processes for scripting the story arcs: the first is to create scenarios to have characters behave and interact in certain ways; the second is to plan a scene, then script the story so it leads to that scene.LN 11.A Satō professed that he does not feel his characters are alive or have a will of their own when scripting them.LN 11.A

text: Tsutomu Satō published his work on the online web novel website, Shōsetsuka ni Narō, between October 12, 2008 and March 21, 2011.[12] At some point during his publication on Syosetu, Satō sent an original work to Dengeki Bunko under a pseudonym.LN 1.A The original work's setting shared similarities to The Irregular at Magic High School causing an editor to deduce his identity and offer him a publication deal.LN 1.A On March 11, 2011, the author announced his work is going to be published as a light novel under the Dengeki Bunko imprint.[13] The author expressed some regret turning free content into paid commodity and cited his financial needs as the reason.LN 1.A The illustrations accompanying the light novels were done by Kana Ishida.[14] The first light novel volume was unable to accommodate the first story arc; deciding against cutting content from the web novel, it was split into two volumes and released a month later.LN 2.A On March 9, 2015, Yen Press announced its licensing of the light novels for English localization through Twitter.[15] Yen Press' first volume was released in April 2016.[16]

text: Volume list[edit]

text:
No.
Translated title
Japanese
English

Release
ISBN
Release
ISBN

1
Enrollment Arc (I)[Jp. 22]
July 10, 2011[14]
978-4-04-870597-4
April 19, 2016[16]
978-0-316-34880-5

Chapter 0
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5

The siblings, Tatsuya and Miyuki Shiba, begin their first day at First High School, one of the nine magic high schools in Japan; the school segregates its students as first course or second course based on magic practicality. Miyuki is considered a prodigy within first course, and is recruited as a member of the Student Council, while Tatsuya faces the scorn and prejudice alongside his peers in the second course. A scuffle caused by a first course student reveals Tatsuya's ability to predict magic before it is cast causing him to be recruited by the Disciplinary Committee through Miyuki's endorsement; in order to defend Miyuki's honor, Tatsuya displays his combat abilities to the Student Council, proving his competency as an enforcer. Shortly after, Tatsuya intervenes in a scuffle between the kendo and kenjutsu club and overwhelms the latter with his physical abilities.

2
Enrollment Arc (II)[Jp. 23]
August 10, 2011[17]
978-4-04-870598-1
August 23, 2016[18]
978-0-316-39029-3

Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12

Tatsuya garners the attention of an anti-magician faction called Blanche who send a classmate named Sayaka Mibu to recruit him. After Tatsuya declines her invitation, Blanche infiltrates First High to steal its research. Tatsuya and friends foil their attempt and attacks their headquarters in return. Learning that the head of Blanche used mind controlling magic on Sayaka and other student collaborators Tatsuya was able to plead their innocence, absolving them of any crime.

3
Nine School Competition Arc (I)[Jp. 24]
November 10, 2011[19]
978-4-04-870998-9
December 20, 2016[20]
978-0-316-39030-9

Chapter 0
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7

The Nine School Competition is Japan's national sporting event which pits the nine magic schools against each other. Miyuki is elected as a contestant while Tatsuya reluctantly joins the team as an engineer. During the competition, an anti-magic terrorist group named No Head Dragon makes several attempts to sabotage First High, which eventually injures their teammate, Mari Watanabe. With Miyuki forced to substitute for her, Tatsuya enlists the help of his friends to assist in his investigation before Miyuki becomes a target of sabotage.

4
Nine School Competition Arc (II)[Jp. 25]
December 10, 2011[21]
978-4-04-870999-6
April 18, 2017[22]
978-0-316-39031-6

Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14

It is revealed No Head Dragon has placed bets on the competition and require First High to lose. Tatsuya, Leonhard Saijo, and Mikihiko Yoshida are substituted in as players after No Head Dragon injures the original rooster for Monolith Code, and are able to achieve first place. After catching a member of No Head Dragon attempting to sabotage Miyuki's equipment, Tatsuya retaliates by killing every member of the organization based within Japan. The competition concludes with First High achieving first place.

5
Summer Vacation Arc +1[Jp. 26]
April 10, 2012[23]
978-4-04-886522-7
August 22, 2017[24]
978-0-316-39032-3

Summer Vacation
The Honor Student's Extracurricular Lesson
Amelia in Wonderland
Friendship, Trust, and Lolicon Suspicions
Memories of the Summer
The Student Council Election and the Queen

Several characters' summer vacation are highlighted. Most notability: Tatsuya and friends spend the day at Shizuku Kitayama's private resort; Masaki Ichijo and Shinkuro Kichijoji reflect on their defeat by Tatsuya; and Tatsuya recalls shopping with Miyuki at the mall. Afterwards, First High clubs begin planning their successors and Tatsuya is asked to convince Azusa Nakajou to become the next Student Council president.

6
Yokohama Disturbance Arc (I)[Jp. 27]
July 10, 2012[25]
978-4-04-886700-9
December 19, 2017[26]
ISBN 978-0-316-39033-0

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7

Tatsuya is asked to partake in the school's thesis competition. At the same time, his step-mother places an OOPart capable of storing magic into his care. Chen Xiangshan, a military captain from the Great Asian Alliance, leads a team in order to steal the OOPart. During the course of the novel, two students affiliated with Chen are detained by authorities after they were caught stealing information from First High's thesis project.

7
Yokohama Disturbance Arc (II)[Jp. 28]
September 10, 2012[27]
978-4-04-886701-6
March 27, 2018[28]
ISBN 978-1-975-30007-4

Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13

The thesis competition begins in Yokohama where an army led by Chen initiates their attack. During the battle, Tatsuya's power and military status is revealed to his close peers; the battle concludes with Tatsuya using matter detonation, a strategic level magic, to destroy the invading naval ship and a Great Asian Alliance harbor.

8
Recollection Arc[Jp. 29]
December 10, 2012[29]
978-4-04-891158-0
June 26, 2018[30]
ISBN 978-1-975-32712-5

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10

Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Untouchable — The Nightmare of 2062

Maya Yotsuba summons Tatsuya and Miyuki to discuss recent events. Miyuki reminisces how she and Tatsuya reached their current status quo. Three years ago, Tatsuya, Miyuki, their mother Miya, and a bodyguard named Hoonami Sakurai were vacationing in Okinawa. There, Miyuki warms up to Tatsuya, and Tatsuya develops a friendship with major Kazama Harunobu. During that time, an invasion by the Great Asian Alliance results in Hoonami's death, and is resolved with Tatsuya's matter detonation. Back in the present, Maya warns Tatsuya that his matter detonation has garnered the attention of the United States of North America (USNA).

9
Visitor Arc (I)[Jp. 30]
March 10, 2013[31]
978-4-04-891423-9
September 18, 2018[32]
ISBN 978-1-975-32714-9

Chapter 0
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7

Following a black hole experiment in the USNA, deserters from the military flee to Japan. The Stars military unit pursue in order to execute the deserters and investigate the magician behind matter detonation. Angelina Kudo Shields infiltrates First High to spy on Tatsuya and Miyuki. As the story progresses, the deserters' abnormal abilities and activities garner the interest of Japan's magic clans. After confronting Angelina and one of the deserters, Tatsuya trades his silence for her information.

10
Visitor Arc (II)[Jp. 31]
June 7, 2013[33]
978-4-04-891609-7
—
—

Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12

Tatsuya deduces the deserters are possessed by sentient psychic energy beings which came from the magic dimension during the black hole experiment and are dubbed as parasites. When one of the parasites enters First High, it is defeated by Tatsuya's group and possess the android known as Pixy; the parasite is imprinted with Honoka's feelings and decides to serve Tatsuya. Meanwhile, the USNA suspect Tatsuya is the one behind matter detonation and orders Angelina to assassinate him.

11
Visitor Arc (III)[Jp. 32]
August 10, 2013[34]
978-4-04-891610-3
—
—

Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Epilogue
The Ojou-sama's Magnificent Day Off

Tatsuya defeats Angelina while the Yotsuba clan forces Stars to stand down. Knowing that the eleven other parasites will attempt to retrieve Pixy, Tatsuya's group uses her as bait. Several magic clans attempt to capture the parasites resulting in a large-scale battle. This concludes with Tatsuya and Miyuki destroying nine of the parasites, leaving the remaining two in the custody of the Kudo and Yotsuba clan. As Tatsuya and Miyuki enter their second year, Maya has Minami Sakurai assigned to be Miyuki's bodyguard.

12
Double Seven Arc[Jp. 33]
October 10, 2013[35]
978-4-04-866003-7
—
—

Prologue
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8

Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Epilogue

Tatsuya and Miyuki's second year begins. A student named Takumi Shippou holds a displaced grudge towards the Saegusa twins, Kasumi and Izumi, causing conflict throughout the novel. Eventually, Takumi's arrogance is quelled by Tatsuya and friends. Meanwhile, Zhou Gongjin and the Saegusa clan cooperate to have the media denounce the magicians of Japan by scapegoating First High, but backfires when Tatsuya learns of their plans and demonstrates the concepts of a magician operated power source. By coincidence, Tatsuya also foils an attack on a famous actress while dealing with Takumi.

13
Steeplechase Arc[Jp. 34]
April 10, 2014[36]
978-4-04-866507-0
—
—

Chapter 0
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8

The Kudo clan have managed to create androids powered by parasites. In order to test these weapons, they decided to place these androids as obstacles in the Steeplechase event of the Nine Schools Competition. Aware of the dangers these weapons would pose to Miyuki, Tatsuya infiltrates and neutralizes the androids before the other players arrive. Behind the scenes, Zhou attempts to sabotage the parasites to discredit magicians as a way to denounce the Yotsuba; fed up with his actions, the Yotsuba begin their manhunt for him.

14
Ancient City Insurrection Arc (I)[Jp. 35]
September 10, 2014[37]
978-4-04-866860-6
—
—

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5

Tatsuya is ordered to participate in the hunt for Zhou. Several clues reveal Zhou is hidden by the traditionalist magicians. Tatsuya requests aid from the Kudo clan who are knowledgeable about the traditionalist. Led by Minoru Kudo, Tatsuya's group confronts the traditionalists in Nara but are unable to find Zhou, leaving Kyoto as the remaining location. Meanwhile, the Saegusa head sends an assassin to kill Zhou in order to destroy any evidence of their coalition. The assassin is killed instead, spurring Mayumi to request Tatsuya's aid in finding his killer.

15
Ancient City Insurrection Arc (II)[Jp. 36]
January 10, 2015[38]
978-4-04-869167-3
—
—

Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10

Tatsuya and his companions investigate Zhou's whereabouts in Kyoto and eventually catch and corner him. Zhou then commits suicide, proclaiming someone else will resume his duties. Tatsuya's success forces members of the Yotsuba who despise him to allow Maya to proceed with her plans.

16
Yotsuba Succession Arc[Jp. 37]
May 9, 2015[39]
978-4-04-865116-5
—
—

Miyuki is summoned to the Yotsuba New Years meeting to commemorate her as the next head of the clan. Several bunke members of the clan attempt to derail Miyuki's attendance as her succession will elevate Tatsuya's status. Upon their arrival, Miyuki is appointed as the next head, and the origins of Tatsuya and Miyuki's birth is revealed. While they are born from the same gametes, Miyuki was genetically modified to act as a seal to his powers. In the next meeting, Maya announces Tatsuya's engagement to Miyuki.

17
Master Clan Conference Arc (I)[Jp. 38]
August 8, 2015[40]
978-4-04-865313-8
—
—

Tatsuya and Miyuki adjust to their daily life as their ties to the Yotsuba and engagement have become public knowledge. Meanwhile, a meeting between the master clans take place where they discuss three topics: possible members of the master clan, Tatsuya and Miyuki's marriage, and Saegusa's coalition with the deceased Zhou. Jiedo Heigu, the leader of the organized crime group and Zhou's boss, initiates several bombings against the master clans in order to discredit the magic community.

18
Master Clan Conference Arc (II)[Jp. 39]
November 10, 2015[41]
978-4-04-865512-5
—
—

Jiedo's plan succeeds, inciting several hate crimes towards magicians throughout the world. The master clans makes plans to quell public outrage as well as attempts to capture Jiedo. The volume ends with Miyuki and her friends defending themselves against a group of anti-magicians.

19
Master Clan Conference Arc (III)[Jp. 40]
March 10, 2016[42]
978-4-04-865809-6
—
—

Tatsuya arrives and neutralizes the anti-magician group. With Miyuki by his side, Tatsuya uses his full powers to search for Jiedo and relay the location to the Yotsuba. The master clans then assemble a unit to capture Jiedo, who is instead killed by the USNA during the mission.

SS/13.5

May 10, 2016[43]
978-4-04-865952-9
—
—

20
South Sea Riot Arc[Jp. 41]
September 10, 2016[44]
978-4-04-892318-7
—
—

Japan has recently completed an artificial island in Okinawa to mine resources from the ocean. In response, a rebellion cell from the Great Asian Alliance and the Australian military work together to destroy the island in order to keep the world's power in check. The Yotsuba send Tatsuya to pacify the saboteurs and to protect the island. At the same time, the senior class of First High's graduation party is taking place nearby. As the attack on the island commences, members of First High and Tatsuya quell and capture the rebels.

21
Prologue of Disturbance Arc (I)[Jp. 42]
February 10, 2017[45]
978-4-04-865809-6
—
—

The Brazilian government's utilization of their strategic magician creates chaos and fear to non-magicians throughout the world, causing a political cold war to take place. The New Soviet Union mounts an attack on Japan's navy, forcing Tatsuya to intervene. As tensions between the world's superpowers rise, the USNA and New Soviet Union make plans to neutralize Tatsuya.

22
Prologue of Disturbance Arc (II)[Jp. 43]
June 9, 2017[46]
978-4-04-892949-3
—
—

The Tooyama clan, a magician branch loyal to the government, evaluate Tatsuya as a threat. Several black ops led by Tsukasa Tooyama are used to assess Tatsuya's abilities and to determine a countermeasure should he become an enemy of the country. In retaliation, Tatsuya is ordered by Maya to break into the Tooyama stronghold and to free the captured USNA soldiers based within Japan; he succeeds and Tooyama ends her operations, having discovered the Jumonji clan can stop Tatsuya.

23
Isolation Arc[Jp. 44]
August 10, 2017[47]
978-4-04-893281-3
—
—

text: Media adaptations[edit]

text: Manga[edit]

text: The Irregular at Magic High School was adapted into a manga series with storyboards by Fumino Hayashi and illustrations by Tsutomu Satō; it was serialized between GFantasy's January 2012 and October 2013 issues.[48][49] Square Enix collected the individual chapters into four tankōbon volumes and released them between September 2012 and December 2013.[50][51] After the conclusion of the first manga adaptation, it was immediately followed up with two more adaptations beginning in GFantasy's November 2013 issue; the two adaptations were based on the light novel's Nine Schools Competition Arc and Yokohama Disturbance Arc story arcs.[52] The Nine Schools Competition Arc is illustrated by Tsuna Kitaumi and is currently ongoing. It was collected into four tankōbon volumes released between April 2014 and October 2015.[53][54] Meanwhile, the Yokohama Disturbance Arc is illustrated by Gin Amau and ended in the October 2015 issue.[55] It was collected into five tankōbon volumes released between April 2014 to November 2015.[56][57] A manga adaptation subtitled and based on the Recollection Arc was serialized between Dengeki Daioh's April 2014 and September 2015 issue.[58][59] It is illustrated by Waki Ikawa and was collected into three tankōbon volumes under the Dengeki Comics Next imprint.[60] In the final chapter of the Yokohama Arc, Amau announced he will adapt the Visitor Arc, the next part of the story.[61] Yuzuki N Dash will launch a new manga in Dengeki Daioh focusing on the President Election Arc on April 27, 2018.[62]

text: The Honor Student at Magic High School[edit]

text: A spin-off manga titled The Honor Student at Magic High School (魔法科高校の優等生, Mahōka Kōkō no Yūtōsei) by Yu Mori premiered in Dengeki Daioh's June 2012 issue.[63] It is currently ongoing, and was collected into seven tankōbon volumes under the Dengeki Comics Next imprint.[64] Yen Press licensed the series' tankōbon volumes for a North American release; the first volume is localized in November 2015.[65][66]

text: Volume list[edit]

text:
No.
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN
English release date
English ISBN

1
June 7, 2013[67]
ISBN 978-4-04-891781-0
November 17, 2015[68]
ISBN 978-0-31-635141-6

2
July 10, 2013[69]
ISBN 978-4-04-891782-7
March 22, 2016[70]
ISBN 978-0-31-639034-7

3
February 8, 2014[71]
ISBN 978-4-04-866303-8
June 28, 2016[72]
ISBN 978-0-31-639035-4

4
September 27, 2014[73]
ISBN 978-4-04-866916-0
September 27, 2016[74]
ISBN 978-0-31-631760-3

5
March 10, 2015[75]
ISBN 978-4-04-869309-7
December 20, 2016[76]
ISBN 978-0-31-639914-2

6
December 10, 2015[77]
ISBN 978-4-04-865706-8
March 21, 2017[78]
ISBN 978-0-31-646604-2

7
August 10, 2016[79]
ISBN 978-4-04-892176-3
June 20, 2017[80]
ISBN 978-0-31-647184-8

8
June 9, 2017[81]
ISBN 978-4-04-892909-7
April 24, 2018[82]
ISBN 978-1-97-530015-9

text: Anime[edit]

text: An anime adaptation of the light novel was announced during the Dengeki Bunko Fall Festival on October 6, 2013.[83] It is directed by Manabu Ono and animated by Madhouse.[83] It premiered on Tokyo MX, Gunma TV, and Tochigi TV on April 6, 2014;[84] nine other networks and three streaming services broadcast the series afterwards.[85] The final episode premiered on September 28.[84] The individual episodes were later encapsulated into ten DVD and Blu-ray volumes released between July 2014 and April 2015.[86][87]

text: In March 2014, Aniplex of America announced its acquisition for streaming rights to the anime series;[88] much later they unveiled their plans to release the series into three Blu-ray volumes which segregate the episodes by story arcs.[89] Four networks simulcasted the series with English subtitles: these include Aniplex Channel, Crunchyroll, Hulu, and Daisuki.[90] In June 2014, the Australasia distributor, Hanabee Entertainment, announced its licensing of the series for streaming and home media release.[91][92] Months later, Netflix made the series available on their network.[93] Animax Asia also began broadcasting the series in July 2015.[94]

text: Three related media to the anime were created. The first is a super deformed short series titled Get to Know Magic Studies![Jp. 45] by Aniplex.[95] These shorts were uploaded on Aniplex's YouTube channel, and was later English subtitled and uploaded on Aniplex of America's channel.[96] An internet radio show titled The Irregular at Magic High School Web Radio Full Bloom! Bloom Broadcasting Committee[Jp. 46], premiered on March 23, 2014 and is hosted by Sora Amamiya and Yuiko Tatsumi, the voice actresses for Honoka Mitsui and Shizuku Kitayama respectively;[97] the radio show episodes was later made available for purchase on CD.[98] The third is a radio drama DVD which was released in December 2014 and is based on the light novel's Recollection Arc.[99][100]

text: An anime film called The Irregular at Magic High School The Movie: The Girl Who Calls the Stars[Jp. 47] was revealed in the 19th light novel volume which was released in March 2016.[101] The film is scripted by the series creator, Tsutomu Satō, and premiered in Japan on June 17, 2017.[102] In the United States, Aniplex of America released the movie in theaters and on home video.[103][104]

text: Video games[edit]

text: Three video game adaptations have been made for the franchise. The first is The Irregular at Magic High School: Out of Order by Bandai Namco Entertainment. It is a 3D fighting game for the PlayStation Vita and was released on December 25, 2014.[105] The second game is The Irregular at Magic High School: School Magicus Battle[Jp. 48], a Japanese role-playing game by Mobage. It was made available for Android, iOS, and feature phone on June 9, 2014.[106] The third game is The Irregular at Magic High School: Lost Zero, developed by BeXide and published by Square Enix. It was made available for the Android and iOS on September 4, 2014.[107]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The light novels have been well received. They were ranked seventh in Sugoi Japan 2015 polls and since 2011, was one of the top selling light novel series in Japan.[108][109][110] As of 2014, 5.3 million copies of the light novel have been sold.[111] In addition, its manga and anime adaptations also appeared on top selling charts.[112][113]

text: Anime News Network had four editors review the first episode of the anime:[114] Carl Kimlinger saw potential in its take on a typical anime premise, praising Tatsuya as the lead protagonist and its handling of mysteries surrounding the plot; Theron Martin, although hopeful because of its male lead and plot concept, expressed criticism towards the indistinguishable animation and constant exposition for the viewers; and Rebecca Silverman felt that it was bland and nothing special. The fourth reviewer, Hope Chapman, expressed immediate dislike towards the series, criticizing it for lacking anything to engage the viewers and for being a lazy adaptation of a light novel, and concluding the review with "I can't even remember the last time I saw something with not a single redeeming factor or thing to recommend about it at all."[114] Silverman reviewed the series future episodes.[115][116] Plotwise, she praised the Enrollment Arc's underline on standardized testing, criticized the Nine Schools Competition Arc for its execution and weak exposition, and felt the characters were uninteresting. Silverman felt the series doesn't live up to its potential and cited the background music and stilted animations as possible reasons.[116]

text: Chris Beveridge's review for Fandom Post was highly positive towards the anime series, calling it a dark horse contender as one of their top new anime series of the year. Beveridge praised the technical and fundamental aspects of magic in the series for breaking the supernatural approach other works usually take and liked the potential impact it could have on future events.[117] However, while the reviewer liked the series' technicality, they noted it will frustrate certain viewers in that aspect.[118] Richard Eisenbeis, writing for Kotaku, liked the characters, story, the complex and technical magic system, and mysteries.[119] However, Eisenbeis criticized the exposition, citing it to be poorly timed, heavy, and failing to explain things with better clarity. He concluded his review by writing how the anime might have been great if a different director or screenwriting was hired.[119]


document_title: World War II casualties

question_text: how many american casualties in world war 2

root

text: World War II casualties

text: Classification of casualties

text: Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II.[13] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable."[14] The table below gives data on the number of dead and military wounded for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease.

tag: p

text: The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25 million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[15][16] The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available.

text: Human losses by country

text: Total deaths

text:
Death Toll of World War II & military wounded by country

(when the number of deaths in a country is disputed, a range of war losses is given)

The details of the figures are provided in the footnotes

Country
Total population
1/1/1939
Military
deaths from all causes
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
deaths
Deaths as % of
1939 population
Military
wounded

 Albania A
1,073,000[17]
30,000[18]

30,000
2.80
NA

 Australia B
6,968,000[17]
39,700[19]
700[20]

40,400
0.58
39,803[21]

 Austria (German-controlled) C
6,653,000[17]
Included with Germany
Included with Germany

(see table below)S3
Included with Germany

 Belgium D
8,387,000[17]
12,000[22]
76,000[22]

88,000
1.05
55,513[23]

 BrazilE
40,289,000[17]
1,000[24]
1,000[25]

2,000
0.00
4,222[26]

 BulgariaF
6,458,000[17]
18,500[24]
3,000[27]

21,500
0.33
21,878[28]

 Burma (British colony)G
16,119,000[17]
2,600[29]
250,000[29]

252,600
1.57
NA

 CanadaH
11,267,000[17]
42,000[30]
1,600[31]

43,600
0.38
53,174[32]

 China I (1937 - 1945)
517,568,000[17]
3,000,000[33]
to 3,750,000+[34]
7,357,000[35]
to 8,191,000[36]
5,000,000
to 10,000,000
15,000,000[37]
to 20,000,000[37]
2.90 to 3.86
1,761,335[38]

 CubaJ
4,235,000[17]

100[39]

100
0.00
NA

 Czechoslovakia (in postwar 1945-1992 borders)K
14,612,000[40]
46,000[41]
to 35,000[42]
294,000[41] to
320,000[42]

340,000 to 355,000
2.33 to 2.43
8,017[43]

 DenmarkL
3,795,000[17]

6,000[44]

6,000
0.16
2,000[45]

 Dutch East IndiesM
69,435,000[17]
11,500[46][47]
300,000[48]
2,400,000[49]
to 4,000,000[50]
3,000,000
to 4,000,000
4.3 to 5.76
NA

 Egypt MA
16,492,000[17]
1,100[51]

1,100
0.00
NA

 Estonia (within 1939 borders)N
1,134,000[17]
34,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces)[52]
49,000[53]

83,000
7.3
NA

 EthiopiaO
17,700,000[17]
15,000[54]
85,000

100,000[54]
0.56
NA

 FinlandP
3,700,000[17]
83,000[55] to 95,000[56]
2,000[57]

85,000 to 95,000
2.30 to 2.57
50,000[58]

 FranceQ (including colonies)
41,680,000[57]
210,000[57]
390,000[57]

600,000
1.44
390,000[59]

 French IndochinaR
24,664,000[17]

1,000,000
to 2,000,000[60]
1,000,000
to 2,200,000
4.05 to 8.11
NA

 GermanyS
69,300,000[61]
4,440,000[62] to 5,318,000[63][64]
1,500,000 S2
to 3,000,000S1

6,900,000
to 7,400,000
(see table below)S3
7,300,000[65]

 GreeceT
7,222,000[17]
35,100[66]
171,800[66]
300,000[67]
to 600,000[66]
507,000
to 807,000
7.02 to 11.17
47,290[68]

 GuamTA
22,800[69]
1,000[70]
to 2,000[71]

1,000
to 2,000
4.39 to 8.77
NA

 Hungary U (figures in 1938 borders not including territories annexed 1938-41)
9,129,000[69]
200,000[72]
264,000[73]

464,000
5.08
89,313[74]

 IcelandV
118,900[75]

200[76]

200
0.17
NA

 India W
377,800,000[77]
87,000[78]

2,100,000[79]
2,200,000
.005
64,354[80]

 IranX
14,340,000[81]
200[82]

200
0.00
NA

 Iraq'Y
3,698,000[83]
500[82]
200[84]

700
0.01
NA

 IrelandZ
2,960,000[85]
Irish volunteers included with UK Armed Forces
100[86]

100
0.00
NA

 Italy (in postwar 1947 borders)AA
44,394,000[87]
319,200[88] to 341,000 Italian nationals and c. 20,000 Africans conscripted by Italy[89][90]
153,200[91]

492,400 to 514,000
1.11 to 1.16
225,000[92]-320,000[93] (incomplete data)

 JapanAB
71,380,000[94]
2,100,000[95] to
2,300,000[96]
550,000[97] to
800,000[98]

2,500,000[99]
to 3,100,000[100]
3.50 to 4.34
326,000[101]

 Korea (Japanese colony)AC
24,326,000[69]
Included with Japanese military
483,000[102]
to 533,000[103]

483,000
to 533,000
1.99 to 2.19
NA

 Latvia (within 1939 borders)AD
1,994,500[69]
30,000[104](in both Soviet and German Armies)
220,000[105]

250,000
12.5
NA

 Lithuania (within 1939 borders)AE
2,575,000[94]
25,000[106](in both Soviet and German Armies)
345,000[107]

370,000
14.36
NA

 LuxembourgAF
295,000[94]
Included with German & Belgian military
5,000[57]

5,000
1.69
NA

 Malaya & SingaporeAG
5,118,000[69]

100,000[108]

100,000
1.95
NA

 Malta (British)AH
269,000[69]
Included with U.K.
1,500[109]

1,500
0.55
NA

 MexicoAI
19,320,000[110]

100[111]

100
0.00
NA

 MongoliaAJ
819,000[112]
300[113]

300
0.04
NA

 Nauru (Australian) AK
3,400[69]

500[114]

500
14.7
NA

 Nepal BG
6,087,000[69]
Included with British Indian Army

NA

 NetherlandsAL
8,729,000[69]
6,700[115]
187,300[115]
16,000[115]
210,000
2.41
2,860[116]

 Newfoundland (British)AM
320,000[117]
1,100[118] (included with the U.K. & Canada)
100[119]

1,200
0.03
(included with the/ U.K. & Canada)

 New ZealandAN
1,629,000[69]
11,700[120]

11,700
0.72
19,314[121]

 NorwayAO
2,945,000[122]
2,000[57]
8,200[123]

10,200
0.35
364[124]

 Papua and New Guinea (Australian)AP
1,292,000[69]

15,000[125]

15,000
1.16
NA

 Philippines (U.S. Territory) AQ
16,000,303[126]
57,000[127]
164,000[128]
336,000[128]
557,000
3.48
NA

 Poland (within 1939 borders)AR
34,849,000[129]
240,000[130]
5,620,000[131]
to 5,820,000[132]

5,900,000[133]
to 6,000,000[134]
16.93 to 17.22
766,606[135]

 Portuguese TimorAS
480,000[69]

40,000[136]
to 70,000[136]

40,000
to 70,000
8.33 to 14.58
NA

 Romania (in postwar 1945 borders) AT
15,970,000[57]
300,000[41]
200,000[41]

500,000[41]
3.13
332,769[137]

 Ruanda-Urundi (Belgian)AU
3,800,000[138]

36,000[139] and 50,000[140]
36-50,000
.09-1.3
NA

 South AfricaAW
10,160,000[141]
11,900[142]

11,900
0.12
14,363[143]

 South Pacific Mandate (Japanese)AX
127,000[144]

10,000[145]

10,000
7.87
[146]

 Soviet Union (within 1946–91 borders[147])AY
188,793,000[148][149]
8,668,000[150][151][152] to 11,400,000[153][154][155][156]
4,500,000 [157] to 10,000,000[158][159][160]
8,000,000 to 9,000,000[161] [162][163]
20,000,000[164] to 27,000,000[165][166][167][168][169]
(see table below)AY4
14,685,593[170]

 Spain AZ
25,637,000[171]
Included with the German Army
Included with France,see footnote.

NA

 Sweden BA
6,341,000[172]
100.[173]
2,000[174]

2,100
0.03
NA

  Switzerland BB
4,210,000[175]

100[176]

100
0.00
NA

 Thailand BC
15,023,000[177]
5,600[178]
2,000[178]

7,600
0.05
NA

 Turkey BD
17,370,000[179]
200[180]

200
0.00
NA

 United KingdomBE including British Colonies
47,760,000[181]
383,700[182]
67,200[183]

450,900
0.94
376,239[184]

 United StatesBF
131,028,000[185]
407,300 BF1
12,100BF2

419,400
0.32
671,801[186]

 YugoslaviaBG
15,490,000[187]
300,000[188]
to 446,000[189]
581,000[189] to 1,400,000[188]

1,027,000[189] to 1,700,000[188]
6.63 to 10.97
425,000[190]

Other nationsBH
300,000,000

NA

Approx. totals
2,300,000,000[1]
21,000,000
to 25,500,000
29,000,000
to 30,500,000
19,000,000
to 28,000,000
70,000,000
to 85,000,000
3.0 to 3.7
NA

tag: table

text:
Figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth place.
Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. Partisan and resistance fighter deaths are included with military losses. The deaths of prisoners of war in captivity and personnel missing in action are also included with military deaths. Whenever possible the details are given in the footnotes.
The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the Wehrmacht are included with German military losses. For example, Michael Strank is included with American not Czechoslovak war dead.
Civilian war dead are included with the nations where they resided. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust.
The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses.
Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease. The exact breakdown is not always provided in the sources cited.

tag: ul

text: Nazi Germany

text:
[hide]
Human losses of the Third Reich in World War II (included in above figures of total war dead) A detailed description is given in the footnotes for Germany and Austria.[11][12]^S3

Country
Population
1939
Military
deaths
Civilian deaths due to
Allied Strategic Bombing
Civilian deaths due to
Nazi persecution
Civilian deaths due Expulsion of Germans
Total
deaths
Deaths as
% of 1939
population

Austria
6,653,000[17]
250,000[191] to 261,000[192]
24,000[191][193]
100,000[194]

370,000[194]
5.56

Germany (within 1937 borders)[195]
69,300,000[61]
3,760,000[191] to 4,456,000[196]
353,000(1942 borders)[197] to 410,000[191][198]
300,000[199] to 500,000[200][201]
400,000[202] to 1,225,000[191]
5,700,000[203]
8.23

Foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe[204]
7,423,000[205]
430,000[206] to 538,000[63]

200,000[207] to 886,000[208]
738,000[196][207] to 1,316,000[209]
9.96 to 17.76

Foreign nationals in western Europe
215,000[210]
63,000[63]

63,000[63]
29.3

Approx. Totals
83,500,000
4,440,000[211] to 5,318,000[63]
353,000[197] to 434,000[212]
400,000[213][200] to 600,000[200][201][213]
600,000[214] to 2,111,000[215]
6,900,000 to 7,400,000
8.26 to 8.86

text: German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. Russian historian G.Krivosheev puts the losses of the "Vlasovites, Balts and Muslims etc." in German service at 215,000[216][217]

text: USSR

text: The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[13]^AY4

text:
Soviet Republic
Population 1940 (within 1946-91 borders)
Military deaths
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
Deaths as % of 1940 population

Armenia
1,320,000
150,000

30,000
180,000
13.6%

Azerbaijan
3,270,000
210,000

90,000
300,000
9.1%

Belarus
9,050,000
620,000
1,360,000
310,000
2,290,000
25.3%

Estonia
1,050,000
30,000
50,000

80,000
7.6%

Georgia
3,610,000
190,000

110,000
300,000
8.3%

Kazakhstan
6,150,000
310,000

350,000
660,000
10.7%

Kyrgyzstan
1,530,000
70,000

50,000
120,000
7.8%

Latvia
1,890,000
30,000
190,000
40,000
260,000
13.7%

Lithuania
2,930,000
25,000
275,000
75,000
375,000
12.7%

Moldova
2,470,000
50,000
75,000
45,000
170,000
6.9%

Russia
110,100,000
6,750,000
4,100,000
3,100,000
13,950,000
12.7%

Tajikistan
1,530,000
50,000

70,000
120,000
7.8%

Turkmenistan
1,300,000
70,000

30,000
100,000
7.7%

Ukraine
41,340,000
1,650,000
3,700,000
1,500,000
6,850,000
16.3%

Uzbekistan
6,550,000
330,000

220,000
550,000
8.4%

Unidentified
–
165,000
130,000

295,000

Total USSR
194,090,000
10,600,000
10,000,000
6,000,000
26,600,000
13.7%

text: The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow, 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1. pp 21–35. Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates.

text:
The population listed here of 194.090 million is taken from Soviet era sources. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598 million.[218][219]
According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268 million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939–40: the eastern regions of Poland 12.983 million; Lithuania 2.440 million; Latvia 1.951 million; Estonia 1.122 million; Romanian Bessarabia and Bukovina 3.7 million; less transfers out of (392,000) ethnic Germans deported during the Nazi–Soviet population transfers; the Anders Army (120,000); the First Polish Army (1944–45) (26,000) and Zakerzonia & the Belastok Region (1,392,000) which was returned to Poland in 1945.[218][220][221]
Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). The additions were the annexation of the Carpatho-Ukraine 725,000; the Tuvan People's Republic 81,000; the remaining population on South Sakhalin 29,000 and in the Kaliningrad Oblast 5,000; and the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the USSR in 1944-47 518,000. The transfers out included the flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR 1944-47 (1,529,000) and the post war emigration to the west (451,000)[218][222][223] According to Viktor Zemskov 3/4 of the post war emigration to the west was of persons who were from the territories annexed in 1939-40[224]
Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23 million less the net population transfers out of 3 million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the Anders Army ; 392,000 Germans who left in the era of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and 400,000 Jews, Romanians, Germans Czech and Hungarians who emigrated after the war[225][4] The Polish government-in-exile put the population of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union at 13.199 million[226]
Polish sources put the number of refugees from the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union living in post war Poland at about 2.2 million, about 700,000 more than those listed in the Soviet sources of Poles repatriated. The difference is due to the fact that Poles from the eastern regions who were deported to Germany during the war or had fled Volhynia and Eastern Galicia were not included in the figures of the organized transfers in 1944-47.[227]
Figures for Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania include about two million civilian dead that are also listed in Polish sources in the total war dead of Poland. Polish historian Krystyna Kersten estimated losses of about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.[228] The formal transfer of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union occurred with the Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945.
According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression. (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died)[229]

text: Holocaust deaths

text: Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust.

text: Jewish deaths

text: The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7 million (78%) of the 7.3 million Jews in German occupied Europe were Holocaust victims.[230] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9 million Jews.[231]

text: Statistical breakdown of Jewish dead:

text:
In Nazi extermination camps: according to Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers, 2,830,000 Jews were murdered in the Nazi death camps (500,000 Belzec; 150,000 Sobibor; 850,000 Treblinka; 150,000 Chełmno; 1,100,000 Auschwitz; 80,000 Majdanek).[232] Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the death camps, including Romanian Transnistria, at 3.0 million.[233]
In the USSR by the Einsatzgruppen: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the area of the mobile killing groups at 1.4 million.[233]
Aggravated deaths in the Ghettos of Nazi-occupied Europe: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the Ghettos at 700,000.[233]
Yad Vashem has identified the names of four million Jewish Holocaust dead.[234]

text: The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust.[231] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added.

text:
Country
Pre-war Jewish population[231] in 1933
Low estimate deaths[231]
High estimate deaths.[231]
Low %
High %
Average %

Austria
191,000 (see footnote)
50,000
65,000
26.2%
34.0%
30.1%

Belgium
60,000 (see footnote)
25,000
29,000
41.7%
48.3%
45.0%

Czech Republic[235]
92,000
77,000
78,300
83.7%
85.1%
84.4%

Denmark
8,000
60
116
0.8 %
1.5%
1.1%

Estonia
4,600
1,500
2,000
32.6%
43.5%
38.0%

France
260,000 (see footnote)
75,000
77,000
28.8%
29.6%
29.2%

Germany
566,000 (see footnote)
135,000
142,000
23.9%
25.1%
24.5%

Greece
73,000
59,000
67,000
80.8%
91.8%
86.3%

Hungary (borders 1940)[236]
725,000
502,000
569,000
69.2%
78.5%
73.9%

Italy
48,000
6,500
9,000
13.5%
18.8%
16.1%

Latvia
95,000
70,000
72,000
73.7%
75.8%
74.7%

Lithuania
155,000
130,000
143,000
83.9%
92.3%
88.1%

Luxembourg
3,500
1,000
2,000
28.6%
57.1%
42.9%

Netherlands
112,000 (see footnote)
100,000
105,000
89.3%
93.8%
91.5%

Norway
1,700
800
800
47.1%
47.1%
47.1%

Poland (borders 1939)
3,250,000
2,700,000
3,000,000
83.1%
92.3%
87.7%

Romania (borders 1940)
441,000
121,000
287,000
27.4%
65.1%
46.3%

Slovakia
89,000
60,000
71,000
67.4%
79.8%
73.6%

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
2,825,000
700,000
1,100,000
24.8%
38.9%
31.9%

Yugoslavia
68,000
56,000
65,000
82.4%
95.6%
89.0%

Total
9,067,000
4,869,860
5,894,716
50.4% (avg.)
59.7% (avg.)
55.1% (avg.)

text:
The total population figures from 1933 listed here are taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. From 1933 to 1939 about 400,000 Jews fled Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Some of these refugees were in western Europe when Germany occupied these countries in 1940. In 1940 there were 30,000 Jewish refugees in the Netherlands, 12,000 in Belgium, 30,000 in France, 2,000 in Denmark, 5,000 in Italy, and 2,000 in Norway[237]
Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 1939-41. [14] The number of Holocaust dead in 1938 Hungarian borders were 220,000.[73]According to Martin Gilbert. The Jewish population of Hungary in the 1941 borders was 764,000(445,000 in the 1938 borders and 319,000 in the annexed territories) Holocaust deaths in the 1938 borders was 200,000 not including 20,000 men conscripted as forced labor for the military.[238]
Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust includes those Jews who were resident in Holland in 1933. By 1940 the Jewish population had increased to 140,000 with the inclusion of 30,000 Jewish refugees.[237] In the Netherlands 8,000 Jews in mixed marriages were not subject to deportation.[239] However an article in the Dutch periodical De Groene Amsterdammer maintains that some Jews in mixed marriages were deported before the practice was ended by Hitler.[240]
Hungarian Jewish Holocaust victims within the 1939 borders were 200,000.[241]
Romanian Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 469,000 within 1939 borders, which includes 300,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina occupied by the U.S.S.R. in 1940.[241][242]
According to Martin Gilbert, Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 8,000 in Italy, and 562 in the Italian colony of Libya[243]

text: Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces

text: Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis.[244][245]

text:
Donald L. Niewyk professor of history at Southern Methodist University maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Using this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people.[246]
According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy.[247]
R.J. Rummel estimated the death toll due to Nazi Democide at 20.9 million persons.[248]
Timothy Snyder put the victims of the Nazis killed only as result of deliberate policies of mass murder such as executions, deliberate famine and in death camps at 10.4 million persons including 5.4 million Jews.[249]
German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7 million other victims of the Nazis.[250]
Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi era at between 12 and 14 million persons, including 5.6–5.7 million Jews.[251]
Roma Included in the figures of total war dead are the Roma victims of the Nazi persecution; some scholars include the Roma deaths with the Holocaust. Most estimates of Roma (Gypsies) victims range from 130,000 to 500,000.[246][252] Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at Austin, has argued in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma dead.[253] Hancock writes that, proportionately, the death toll equaled "and almost certainly exceed[ed], that of Jewish victims".[254] In a 2010 publication, Ian Hancock stated that he agrees with the view that the number of Romanis killed has been underestimated as a result of being grouped with others in Nazi records under headings such as "remainder to be liquidated", "hangers-on" and "partisans".[255]

text: The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".[256]

text:
Country
Pre-war Roma population
Low estimate victims
High estimate victims

Austria
11,200
6,800
8,250

Belgium
600
350
500

Czech Republic[235]
13,000
5,000
6,500

Estonia
1,000
500
1,000

France
40,000
15,150
15,150

Germany
20,000
15,000
15,000

Greece
?
50
50

Hungary
100,000
1,000
28,000

Italy
25,000
1,000
1,000

Latvia
5,000
1,500
2,500

Lithuania
1,000
500
1,000

Luxembourg
200
100
200

Netherlands
500
215
500

Poland
50,000
8,000
35,000

Romania
300,000
19,000
36,000

Slovakia
80,000
400
10,000

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
200,000
30,000
35,000

Yugoslavia
100,000
26,000
90,000

Total
947,500
130,565
285,650

text:
Handicapped persons: 200,000 to 250,000 handicapped persons were killed.[257] A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 and Action 14f13 programs at 200,000.[258][259]
Prisoners of War: POW deaths in Nazi captivity totalled 3.1 million[260] including 2.6 to 3 million Soviet prisoners of war.[261]
Ethnic Poles: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "It is estimated that the Germans killed at least 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians during World War II."[262] They maintain that "Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war."[263] However the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) in 2009 estimated 2,770,000 ethnic Polish deaths due to the German occupation[264] (see World War II casualties of Poland).
Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians: According to Nazi ideology, Slavs were useless sub-humans. As such, their leaders, the Soviet elite, were to be killed and the remainder of the population enslaved or expelled further eastward. As a result, millions of civilians in the Soviet Union were deliberately killed, starved, or worked to death.[265] Contemporary Russian sources use the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR. Civilians killed in reprisals during the Soviet partisan war and wartime-related famine account for a major part of the huge toll.[266] The Cambridge History of Russia puts overall civilian deaths in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 13.7 million persons including 2 million Jews. There were an additional 2.6 million deaths in the interior regions of the Soviet Union. The authors maintain "scope for error in this number is very wide". At least 1 million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. Other deaths occurred in the wartime evacuations and due to war related malnutrition and disease in the interior. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways for these deaths", and "In short the general picture of Soviet wartime losses suggests a jigsaw puzzle. The general outline is clear: people died in colossal numbers but in many different miserable and terrible circumstances. But individual pieces of the puzzle do not fit well; some overlap and others are yet to be found".[267] Bohdan Wytwycky maintained that civilian losses of 3.0 million Ukrainians and 1.4 million Belarusians "were racially motivated".[268][269] According to Paul Robert Magocsi, between 1941 and 1945, approximately 3,000,000 Ukrainian and other non-Jewish victims were killed as part of Nazi extermination policies in the territory of modern Ukraine.[270] Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi policies in the USSR at 500,000 civilians killed in the repression of partisans, 1.0 million victims of the Nazi Hunger Plan, c. 3.0 million Soviet POW and 1.0 million Jews (in pre-war borders).[271] Soviet author Georgiy A. Kumanev put the civilian death toll in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 8.2 million (4.0 million Ukrainians, 2.5 million Belarusians, and 1.7 million Russians).[272] A report published by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1995 put the death toll due to the German occupation at 13.7 million civilians (including Jews): 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 2.2 million persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. Sources published in the Soviet Union were cited to support these figures.[273]
Homosexuals: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "Between 1933 and 1945 the police arrested an estimated 100,000 men as homosexuals. Most of the 50,000 men sentenced by the courts spent time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 15,000 were interned in concentration camps." They also noted that there are no known statistics for the number of homosexuals who died in the camps.[274]
Other victims of Nazi persecution: Between 1,000 and 2,000 Roman Catholic clergy,[275] about 1,000 Jehovah's Witnesses,[276] and an unknown number of Freemasons[277] perished in Nazi prisons and camps. "The fate of black people from 1933-45 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder."[278] During the Nazi era Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, and trade union leaders were victims of Nazi persecution.[279]
Serbs: The numbers of Serbs murdered by the Ustaše is the subject of debate and estimates vary widely. Yad Vashem estimates over 500,000 murdered, 250,000 expelled and 200,000 forcibly converted to Catholicism.[280] The estimate of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is that the Ustaše murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia between 1941–45, with roughly 45,000 to 52,000 murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp alone.[281] According to the Wiesenthal Center at least 90,000 Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and anti-fascist Croatians perished at the hands of the Ustashe at the camp at Jasenovac.[282] According to Yugoslav sources published in the Tito era the estimates of the number of Serb victims range from 200,000 to at least 600,000 persons.[283] See also World War II persecution of Serbs.

text: Japanese war crimes

text: Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes.

text: R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,424,000. Detailed by country: China 3,695,000; Indochina 457,000; Korea 378,000; Indonesia 375,000; Malaya-Singapore 283,000; Philippines 119,000, Burma 60,000 and Pacific Islands 57,000.

text: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. Detailed by country: China 12,392,000; Indochina 1,500,000; Korea 500,000; Dutch East Indies 3,000,000; Malaya and Singapore 100,000; Philippines 500,000; Burma 170,000; Forced laborers in Southeast Asia 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians; Timor 60,000; Thailand and Pacific Islands 60,000.[285]

text:
Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity.[286]
There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease.[287][288]

text: Oppression in the Soviet Union

text: The total war dead in the USSR includes victims of Soviet oppression. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages.[289] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal.[290] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons.[291] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941–1945 at about 1 million based on data from the Soviet archives.[292] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era.[293][294] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll.[295][296] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB.[297] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre.[298] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 1939–40 and 5,458,000 from 1941–1945.[299] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps.[300]

text: In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation.[228] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000–100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets.[301] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000.[302]

text: The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. After the reoccupation by the U.S.S.R., 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 1944–45.[303]

text:
The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives:
Reported deaths for the years 1939–1945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629.[304]

text:
Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war).
Deported from annexed territories 1940–41 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309–312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842.[305] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets.[306]
Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000;Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000.[307]
A total of 2,230,500[308] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948.[309]

text: Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069).[310] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3 million.[311]

text: Military casualties by branch of service

text:
Country
Branch of service
Number served
Killed/missing
Wounded
Prisoners of war Captured
Percent killed

Germany
Army[312]
13,600,000
4,202,000

30.9

Germany
Air Force (including infantry units)[312]
2,500,000
433,000

17.3

Germany
Navy[312]
1,200,000
138,000

11.5

Germany
Waffen SS[312]
900,000
314,000

34.9

Germany
Volkssturm and other Paramilitary Forces[312]

231,000

Germany
Total (incl. conscripted foreigners)
18,200,000
5,318,000
6,035,000
11,100,000
29.2

Japan[313][314]
Army (1937–1945)
6,300,000
1,326,076
85,600
30,000
24.2

Japan
Navy (1941–1945)
2,100,000
414,879
8,900
10,000
19.8

Japan
POW dead after Surrender.[315][316][317]

381,000

Japan
Imperial Japan Total
8,400,000
2,121,955
94,500
40,000
25.3

Italy
Army
3,040,000
246,432

8.1

Italy
Navy
259,082[318]
31,347

12.0

Italy
Air Force
130,000[319]
13,210

10.2

Italy
Partisan forces
80,000[320] to 250,000[321][322]
35,828

14 to 44

Italy
RSI forces
520,000[323]
13,021 to 35,000

2.5 to 6.7

Italy
Total Italy
3,430,000[324][325]
319,207[326] to 341,000
320,000
1,300,000[327]
9.3 to 9.9

Soviet Union (1939–40)
All branches of service[328]

136,945
205,924

Soviet Union (1941–45)
All branches of service[329]
34,476,700
8,668,400
14,685,593
4,050,000
25.1

Soviet Union
Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below)[330]

500,000

Soviet Union
Civilians in POW camps (see note below)[331]

1,000,000

1,750,000

Soviet Union
Paramilitary and Soviet partisan units[332]

400,000

Soviet Union
Total Soviet Forces
34,476,700
10,725,345
14,915,517
5,750,000
31.1

British Empire and Commonwealth[333][334][335]
All branches of service
17,843,000
580,497
475,000
318,000
3.3

United States[336]
Army[337]
11,260,000
318,274
565,861
124,079[337][338]
2.8

United States
Air Force (included with Army)[337]
(3,400,000)
(88,119)
(17,360)

2.5

United States
Navy
4,183,446
62,614
37,778
3,848[339]
1.5

United States
Maritime Service
215,000
9,400
12,000
663[340]
4.5

United States
Marine Corps
669,100
24,511
68,207
2,274[341][342]
3.7

United States
Coast Guard[343]
241,093
1,917

0.8

United States
Public Health Service Commissioned Corps[344]
2,600
8[345]

0.3

United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps[346]

3

United States
Total U.S. Armed Forces
16,353,639
407,316
671,846
130,201[347][348]
2.5

text: Germany

text:
The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571 missing in action or unaccounted for after the war; 25,000 suicides; 12,000 unknown;[349] 459,475 confirmed POW deaths, of whom 77,000 were in the custody of the U.S., UK and France; and 363,000 in Soviet custody. POW deaths includes 266,000 in the post-war period after June 1945, primarily in Soviet captivity.[350]
Rüdiger Overmans writes "It seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of the 1.5 million missing on the eastern front were killed in action, the other half (700,000) however in fact died in Soviet custody".[351]
Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces POW taken in the war.[352]

tag: ol

text: USSR

text:
Estimated total Soviet military war dead from 1941–45 on the Eastern Front (World War II) including missing in action, POWs and Soviet partisans range from 8.6 to 10.6 million.[332] There were an additional 127,000 war dead in 1939–40 during the Winter War with Finland.[353]
The official figures for military war dead and missing from 1941–45 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths.[354] 500,000 missing in action and 1,103,300 POW dead and another 180,000 liberated POWs who most likely emigrated to other countries.[355][356][357] Figures include Navy losses of 154,771.[358] Non-combat deaths include 157,000 sentenced to death by court martial.[359]
Casualties in 1939–40 include the following dead and missing, Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 (8,931); Invasion of Poland of 1939 (1,139); Winter War with Finland (1939–40) (126,875).[328]
The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled.[360]
The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet POW who survived the war was 2,016,000, including 180,000 who most likely emigrated to other countries, and an additional 939,700 POW and MIA who were redrafted as territory was liberated. This leaves 1,103,000 POW dead. However, western historians put the number of POW held by the Germans at 5.7 million and about 3 million as dead in captivity (in the official Russian figures 1.1 million are military POW and remaining balance of about 2 million are included with civilian war dead).[355][361]
Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as POWs before being listed on active strength. Soviet and Russian sources classify these losses as civilian deaths.[362]

text: British Commonwealth

text:
Number served: UK and Crown Colonies (5,896,000); India-(British colonial administration) (2,582,000), Australia (993,000); Canada (1,100,000); New Zealand (295,000); South Africa (250,000).[363]
Total war related deaths reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission: UK and Crown Colonies (383,786); India-(British colonial administration) (87,032), Australia (40,464); Canada (45,383); New Zealand (11,929); South Africa (11,903).[364]
Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone(according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606).[365][366]
Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363).[334][367][368]
Prisoner of war: UK and Crown Colonies (180,488); India-(British colonial administration) (79,481); Australia (26,358); South Africa (14,750); Canada (9,334); New Zealand (8,415).[334][367][368]
The Debt of Honour Register from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1.7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars.[369]

text: U.S.

text:
Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents)[337] were 292,131: Army 234,874 (including Army Air Forces 52,173); Navy 36,950; Marine Corps 19,733; and Coast Guard 574 (185,924 deaths occurred in the European/Atlantic theater of operations and 106,207 deaths occurred in Asia/Pacific theater of operations).[337][370]
During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany).[371]
During World War II, 1.2 million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World War II and 16 were killed in action.[372] During World War II, 26,000 Japanese-Americans served in the Armed Forces and over 800 were killed in action.[373]

text: Commonwealth military casualties

text: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 2014–2015[374] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UK Dependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947.


document_title: Inva Mula

question_text: who plays the blue lady in the fifth element

text: Inva Mula

text: Life and career[edit]

text: Mula was born in Tirana, Albania to an Albanian father from Gjakove and a Russian mother. In 1987 she won the Cantante d'Albania competition in Tirana and in 1988 the George Enescu Competition in Bucharest. In 1992 she won the Butterfly Competition in Barcelona. She received an award at Plácido Domingo's first Operalia International Opera Competition contest in Paris, 1993. A CD of the event was released.

text: She later performed in various concerts at the Opéra Bastille in Paris, and in Brussels for Europalia Mexico, in Munich, and in Oslo. In 1996 she performed Luigi Cherubini's opera Médée (which was taped for TV) at Compiègne in France. She then returned for Georges Bizet's opera La Jolie fille de Perth (released CD, filmed for TV, and released DVD in Japan) in 1998. After this she recorded Puccini's La Rondine with Angela Gheorghiu for EMI and for 2005's stage production she took Gheorghiu's place in the leading role of Magda during performances in Toulouse and Paris. Later on, she performed Bizet's Ivan IV concert version, which had its recital debut at Salle Pleyel in Paris, and a live recording was released as CD. In 2001, she was busy in Italy, performing Verdi's Falstaff at the Teatro alla Scala and Rigoletto at the Verona Arena, both of which were taped for TV then released on DVD.

text: Mula has sung in Lucia di Lammermoor, La bohème, and Manon, among others. She is also a renowned Violetta in La Traviata, and has sung the role in many cities around the world, including Tokyo, Bilbao, Orange, Trieste, and Toronto. In 2007, she performed Adina in L'elisir d'amore at Toulouse, and in 2009 she sang the title role in Gounod's Mireille with the Paris Opera at the Palais Garnier, a performance that was issued on DVD.

text: She is often accompanied by the French-Albanian pianist Genc Tukiçi.[1]

text: Her ex-husband Pirro Çako is a well-known singer and composer from Albania, so she used the spelling Tchako rather than Çako. However, after mid-1990 she began using the name Inva Mula, and never returned to the old one. They are now divorced. Her current husband is Hetem Ramadani, a businessman from Kosovo.[2]

text: In film[edit]

text: Mula is perhaps best known to Western filmgoers as the voice of the Diva Plavalaguna (played on-screen by Maïwenn Le Besco) in the 1997 film The Fifth Element, where she is credited using her (then) married name as Inva Mulla Tchako. She performed the aria "Oh, giusto cielo!...Il dolce suono" (the mad scene) from Gaetano Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor and "The Diva Dance".

text: Director Luc Besson adored Maria Callas, but the sound quality of her 1956 EMI Classics recording of "Lucia" wasn't clear enough to use on a film soundtrack, so Callas's agent Michel Glotz, who had produced this recording, introduced him to Mula.[citation needed]


document_title: Janse van Rensburg

question_text: where does the surname janse van rensburg come from

text: Janse van Rensburg

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Janse van Rensburg is a South African surname. Notable people sharing this surname include:

text:
Brent Janse van Rensburg (born 1980), South African rugby union coach
Hector Janse van Rensburg (born 1993), aka Shitty_Watercolour, British painter
Jacques Janse van Rensburg (born 1987), South African cyclist
JC Janse van Rensburg (born 1986), South African rugby union footballer
Jono Janse van Rensburg (born 1989), South African rugby union player
Jurinus Janse van Rensburg, South African military commander
Lang Hans Janse van Rensburg (1779–1836), South African leader
Nico Janse van Rensburg (born 1994), South African rugby union player
Reinardt Janse van Rensburg (born 1989), South African road bicycle racer
Rohan Janse van Rensburg (born 1994), South African rugby union player
Rhyno Janse van Rensburg (born 1991), South African cricketer
Siener Janse van Rensburg (1864–1926), South African prophet
Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg (1818–1865), South African politician
William GL Janse van Rensburg  (1939–2008), mayor of Johannesburg, South Africa

text: Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Janse van Rensburg. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

text: Surnames

text: Articles lacking sources from February 2016All articles lacking sourcesArticles with short descriptionAll set index articles