document_title: Call of Duty

question_text: what's the next game after call of duty ghosts

question_tokens: what 's the next game after call of duty ghosts

text: Call of Duty

text: Main series

text:
Titles in the Call of Duty series

Year

Title

PC

6th Gen

7th Gen

8th Gen

Handheld

Developer

2003

Call of Duty

Windows, OS X

N/A

X360, PS3

N/A

N-Gage

Infinity Ward

2005

Call of Duty 2

Windows, OS X

N/A

X360

Xbox One (BC)

Mobile phone

Infinity Ward

2006

Call of Duty 3

N/A

PS2, Xbox

X360, PS3, Wii

Xbox One (BC)

N/A

Treyarch

2007

Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare

Windows, OS X

N/A

X360, PS3, Wii

Xbox One, PS4 (Remastered)

NDS

Infinity Ward

2008

Call of Duty: World at War

Windows

PS2

X360, PS3, Wii

Xbox One (BC)

NDS, Windows Mobile

Treyarch

2009

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2

Windows, OS X

N/A

X360, PS3

Xbox One (BC)

NDS

Infinity Ward

2010

Call of Duty: Black Ops

Windows, OS X

N/A

X360, PS3, Wii

Xbox One (BC)

NDS

Treyarch

2011

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3

Windows, OS X

N/A

X360, PS3, Wii

Xbox One (BC)

NDS

Infinity WardSledgehammer Games

2012

Call of Duty: Black Ops II

Windows

N/A

X360, PS3

Xbox One (BC), Wii U

N/A

Treyarch

2013

Call of Duty: Ghosts

Windows

N/A

X360, PS3

Xbox One, PS4, Wii U

N/A

Infinity Ward

2014

Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare

Windows

N/A

X360, PS3

Xbox One, PS4

N/A

Sledgehammer Games

2015

Call of Duty: Black Ops III

Windows

N/A

X360, PS3

Xbox One, PS4

N/A

Treyarch

2016

Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare

Windows

N/A

N/A

Xbox One, PS4

N/A

Infinity Ward

2017

Call of Duty: WWII

Windows

N/A

N/A

Xbox One, PS4

N/A

Sledgehammer Games

2018

Call of Duty: Black Ops 4

Windows

N/A

N/A

Xbox One, PS4

N/A

Treyarch

text: World War II games

text: Call of Duty

text: Call of Duty is a video game based on the Quake III Arena engine (id Tech 3), and was released on October 29, 2003. The game was developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. The game simulates the infantry and combined arms warfare of World War II.[2] An expansion pack, Call of Duty: United Offensive, was developed by Gray Matter Interactive with contributions from Pi Studios and produced by Activision. The game follows American and British paratroopers and the Red Army. The Mac OS X version of the game was ported by Aspyr Media. In late 2004, the N-Gage version was developed by Nokia and published by Activision. Other versions were released for PC, including Collector's Edition (with soundtrack and strategy guide), Game of the Year Edition (includes game updates), and the Deluxe Edition (which contains the United Offensive expansion and soundtrack; in Europe the soundtrack was not included). On September 22, 2006, Call of Duty, United Offensive, and Call of Duty 2 were released together as Call of Duty: War Chest for PC.[3] Since November 12, 2007, Call of Duty games have been available for purchase via Valve's content delivery platform Steam.[4]

text: Call of Duty 2

text: Call of Duty 2 is a first-person shooter video game and the sequel to Call of Duty. It was developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. The game is set during World War II and is experienced through the perspectives of soldiers in the Red Army, British Army, and United States Army. It was released on October 25, 2005 for Microsoft Windows, November 15, 2005 for the Xbox 360, and June 13, 2006, for Mac OS X. Other versions were made for mobile phones, Pocket PCs, and smartphones.

text: Call of Duty 3

text: Call of Duty 3 is a World War II first-person shooter and the third installment in the Call of Duty video game series. Released on November 7, 2006, the game was developed by Treyarch, and was the first major installment in the Call of Duty series not to be developed by Infinity Ward. It was also the first not to be released on the PC platform. It was released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360.[5] Call of Duty 3 follows the American, Canadian, British, and Polish armies as well as the French Resistance after D-Day in the Falaise Gap.[citation needed]

text: Call of Duty: WWII

text: Call of Duty: WWII is the fourteenth game in the series and was developed by Sledgehammer Games.[6] It was released worldwide on November 3, 2017, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.[7] The game is set in the European theatre, and is centered around a squad in the 1st Infantry Division, following their battles on the Western Front, and set mainly in the historical events of Operation Overlord.

text: Modern Warfare story arc

text: Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare

text: Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare is the fourth installment of the main series, and was developed by Infinity Ward. It is the first game in the series not to be set during World War II, but set in the modern day. It is the first to receive a Mature rating from the ESRB, except for the Nintendo DS version, which was rated Teen. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 on November 7, 2007. Download and retail versions for Mac OS X were released by Aspyr in September 2008. As of May 2009, Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare has sold over 13 million copies.[8]

text: Remastered

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Remastered is a remastered version of Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare that was released alongside the Legacy Edition, Legacy Pro Edition and Digital Deluxe Edition of Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare on November 4, 2016, for PS4, Xbox One, and PC.[9] It was later released standalone on June 27, 2017, for PS4, and July 27, 2017, for Xbox One and PC.[10] The game was developed by Raven Software and executive produced by Infinity Ward.[11][12]

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is the sixth installment of the main series. It was developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision.[13][14] Activision Blizzard officially announced Modern Warfare 2 on February 11, 2009.[15][16] The game was released worldwide on November 10, 2009, for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows.[13] A Nintendo DS iteration of the game, titled Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized, was released alongside the game and the Wii port of Call of Duty : Modern Warfare.[17][18] Modern Warfare 2 is the direct sequel to Call of Duty 4 and continues the same storyline, taking place five years after the first game and featuring several returning characters including Captain Price and "Soap" MacTavish.[19]

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 is a first-person shooter video game. It is the eighth installment of the Call of Duty series and the third installment of the Modern Warfare arc. Due to a legal dispute between the game's publisher Activision and the former co-executives of Infinity Ward – which caused several lay-offs and departures within the company[20] – Sledgehammer Games assisted in the development of the game, while Raven Software was brought in to make cosmetic changes to the menus of the game.[21] The game was said to have been in development since only two weeks after the release of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2.[21] Sledgehammer was aiming for a "bug free" first outing in the Call of Duty franchise, and had also set a goal for Metacritic review scores above 95 percent.[22]

text: The game continues the story from the point at which it ended in the Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 and continues the fictional battle story between the United States and Russia, which evolves into the Third World War between NATO allied nations and Ultra-nationalist Russia (a revolutionary political party idolizing the late days of the Soviet Union).

text: Black Ops story arc

text: Call of Duty: World at War

text: Call of Duty: World at War, developed by Treyarch, is the fifth installment of the main series. Released after Modern Warfare, it returns to the World War II setting of earlier titles[23], featuring the Pacific theater and Eastern front. The game uses the same proprietary game engine as Call of Duty 4 and was released for the PC, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360 consoles and the Nintendo DS handheld in North America on November 11, 2008, and November 14, 2008 in Europe. As of June 2009, Call of Duty: World at War has sold over 11 million copies.[24] It acts as a prologue for Treyarch's next game, Black Ops, which is in the same universe, sharing characters and story references.[25][26]

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops is the seventh installment in the series,[27][28][29] the third developed by Treyarch, and was published by Activision for release on November 9, 2010. It is the first game in the series to take place during the Cold War and also takes place partially in the Vietnam War. It was initially available for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 and was later released for the Wii as well as the Nintendo DS.[30]

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops II

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops II is the ninth main installment in the series, developed by Treyarch and published by Activision. The game was first revealed on May 1, 2012.[31][32] It was the first game in the series to feature future warfare technology, and the campaign features multiple branching storylines driven by player choice and multiple endings. It was later released on November 12, 2012.

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops III

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops III is the twelfth main installment in the series, developed by Treyarch and published by Activision.  The game was released on November 6, 2015.

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops 4

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 is to be the fifteenth main installment in the series. It is being developed by Treyarch and published by Activision.  The game will release on October 12, 2018.[33]

text: Other story arcs

text: Call of Duty: Ghosts

text: Call of Duty: Ghosts is the tenth main installment in the series, and was developed by Infinity Ward with Neversoft and Raven Software. The game was released on November 5, 2013.[34][35]

text: Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare

text: Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare is the eleventh main installment in the series, developed by Sledgehammer Games with assistance from Raven Software and High Moon Studios. It was released in November 2014.[36]

text: Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare

text: Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare is the thirteenth main installment in the series, developed by Infinity Ward, and was published by Activision. The game was released on November 4, 2016.[37]

text: Primary developer rotation

text: In 2006, Treyarch launched Call of Duty 3, their first official Call of Duty game to the main series. Treyarch and Infinity Ward signed a contract stating that the producer of each upcoming title in the series would alternate between the two companies. In 2010, Sledgehammer Games announced they were working on a main series title for the franchise. This game was postponed in order to help Infinity Ward produce Modern Warfare 3. In 2014, it was confirmed that Sledgehammer Games would produce the 2014 title, Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare, and the studios would begin a three-year rotation.[38][39] Advanced Warfare was followed by Treyarch's Call of Duty: Black Ops III in 2015, Infinity Ward's Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare in 2016, and Sledgehammer Games's Call of Duty: WWII in 2017.

text: Other games

text: Console titles

text: Call of Duty: Finest Hour

text: Call of Duty: Finest Hour is the first console installment of Call of Duty, and was released on the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. The PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions of the game include an online multiplayer mode which supports up to 32 players. It also includes new game modes.

text: Call of Duty 2: Big Red One

text: Call of Duty 2: Big Red One is a spin-off of Call of Duty 2 developed by Treyarch, and based on the American 1st Infantry Division's exploits during World War II. The game was released on GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox.

text: Call of Duty: World at War – Final Fronts is the PlayStation 2 adaptation of Call of Duty: World at War. Developed by Rebellion Developments, Final Fronts features three campaigns involving the U.S. fighting in the Pacific theater, the Battle of the Bulge, and the British advancing on the Rhine River into Germany.

text: Call of Duty: The War Collection

text: Call of Duty: The War Collection is a boxed set compilation of Call of Duty 2, Call of Duty 3 and Call of Duty: World at War. It was released for the Xbox 360 on June 1, 2010.[40]

text: Handheld titles

text: Call of Duty: Roads to Victory

text: Call of Duty: Roads to Victory is a PSP game which is a portable spin-off of Call of Duty 3.[41]

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized

text: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized is the Nintendo DS companion game for Modern Warfare 2. Developed by n-Space, the game takes place in the same setting as the main console game, but follows a different storyline and cast of characters. Playing as the S.A.S. and the Marines in campaign mode, both forces are trying to find a nuclear bomb.

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops DS

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops is the Nintendo DS companion game for Black Ops. Developed by n-Space, the game takes place in the same setting as the main console game, but follows a different storyline and cast of characters.

text: Call of Duty: Zombies and Zombies 2

text: Call of Duty: Zombies is a first-person shooter video game developed by Ideaworks Game Studio, and published by Activision for iOS. It is a spin-off of the Call of Duty series, and based on the "Nazi Zombies" mode of Call of Duty: World at War. A sequel for the iPhone and iPod Touch includes Shi No Numa that was originally released on the Xbox 360, PS3, and PC.

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops: Declassified

text: Call of Duty: Black Ops: Declassified is a PlayStation Vita Call of Duty game.[42]

text: Call of Duty: Strike Team

text: Call of Duty: Strike Team is a first and third-person shooter game developed by The Blast Furnace, and published by Activision for iOS. The game is set in 2020 with players tasked with leading a U.S. Joint Special Operations Team after the country "finds themselves in a war with an unknown enemy". The game was released on September 5, 2013.

text: Call of Duty: Heroes

text: Call of Duty: Heroes is a real-time strategy game developed by Faceroll Games, and published by Activision for Android and iOS. The game takes a resemblance to Clash of Clans and was released on November 26, 2014.

text: Call of Duty Online

text: Call of Duty Online was announced by Activision when the company first stated their interest in an Massively multiplayer online game (MMO) in early 2011. By then, it had been in development for two years. Call of Duty Online is free-to-play for mainland China and is hosted by Tencent. Since Activision had lost the publishing rights to Call of Duty and several other franchises in China due to a legal dispute on most of the Western gaming consoles (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii), it had been rumored that it would be Microsoft Windows-exclusive, since PCs hold the dominant share of gamers in mainland China.

text: Canceled titles

text: Call of Duty: Combined Forces

text: Call of Duty: Combined Forces was a proposed concept draft originally intended to be a sequel to Call of Duty: Finest Hour. However, due to multiple legal issues that arose between Spark Unlimited, Electronic Arts, and Activision as well as other production problems, the game's draft and scripts never came to be. The game was projected to cost $10.5 million to produce after Finest Hour was complete. Eventually Activision deemed the pitch as more of an expansion than something entirely new, causing the company to reject the proposal and end their contract with Spark Unlimited shortly after.[43]

text: Call of Duty: Devil's Brigade

text: Call of Duty: Devil's Brigade was a canceled first-person shooter for the Xbox 360 developed by Underground Entertainment. The game was set in World War II, mainly focusing on the Italian Campaign.[44]

text: Call of Duty: Vietnam

text: Call of Duty: Vietnam was a third-person shooter set during the Vietnam War. It was in development for at least six to eight months at Sledgehammer Games. The development was stopped because Infinity Ward needed help finishing Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 due to the employee firings and departures in 2010.[45][46]

text: Call of Duty: Roman Wars

text: Call of Duty: Roman Wars was a canceled third and first-person video game in the Call of Duty franchise. The game was set in ancient Rome, and allowed players to take control of famous historical figure Julius Caesar, along with "low grunts", and officers of the Tenth Legion. It was eventually canceled, as Activision had uncertainties about branding it as a Call of Duty title.[47]

text: Other media

text: Comic books

text: Modern Warfare 2: Ghost is a six-part comic book mini-series based on Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. The storyline focuses on the backstory of the character Ghost. The series is published by WildStorm and the first issue was released on November 10, 2009, alongside the game.[48]

text: Call of Duty: Zombies[49] is a six-part comic book series published by Dark Horse Comics. The series ties in with the Zombies game mode of the Black Ops subseries developed by Treyarch. The series is co-written by Justin Jordan, Treyarch's Jason Blundell and Craig Houston. The series is illustrated by artist Jonathan Wayshak and colorist Dan Jackson. The cover arts are handled by artist Simon Bisley. The series was first announced by Treyarch on July 2016, with the first issue slated for release in October. After a slight delay, the first issue was released on October 26, 2016. The five other issues were released in the months of 2017: issue #2 released on January 11, 2017; issue #3 released on March 1, 2017; issue #4 released on April 19, 2017; issue #5 released on June 21, 2017; and issue #6 released on August 23, 2017. A paperback edition containing all six issues was released on November 15, 2017.

text: Merchandise

text: The Call of Duty Real-Time Card Game was announced by card manufacturer Upper Deck.[50]

text: In 2004, Activision, in cooperation with the companies Plan-B Toys and Radioactive Clown, released the "Call of Duty: Series 1" line of action figures, which included three American soldiers and three German soldiers from the World War II era.[51] While the American G.I. action figure was made in 2004,[52] Plan-B Toys later discontinued a controversial Nazi SS Guard action figure based on the Nazi Totenkopf officer seen in Call of Duty.[53]

text: In 2008, McFarlane Toys announced their partnership with Activision to produce action figures for the Call of Duty series. McFarlane Toys' first series of action figures were released in October 2008 and consists of four different figures: Marine with Flamethrower, Marine Infantry, British Special Ops, and Marine with Machine Gun.[54]

text: Short films

text: Find Makarov is a fan-made film that was well received by Call of Duty publishers, Activision, who contacted We Can Pretend and subsequently produced a second short film, Operation Kingfish.[55]

text: Find Makarov: Operation Kingfish is a fan-made prequel to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 and was first shown at Call of Duty XP. The video was produced by We Can Pretend, with visual effects by The Junction, and was endorsed by Activision. The video tells the story of how Captain Price ended up in a Russian Gulag set before the events of Modern Warfare 2.

text: Films

text: On November 6, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Activision Blizzard launched a production studio called Activision Blizzard Studios and are planning a live action Call of Duty cinematic universe in 2018 or 2019.[56]

text: eSports

text: The Call of Duty games were used in eSports, starting in 2006, alongside the game released at the time, Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare.[57] Over the years, the series has extended with releases such as Call of Duty: World at War, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Call of Duty: Black Ops, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, Call of Duty: Black Ops II, and Call of Duty: Ghosts. Games are played in leagues like Major League Gaming.

text: Players can compete in ladders or tournaments. The ladders are divided into several sub ladders such as: the singles ladder, doubles ladder, team ladder (3v3 – 6v6) and hardcore team ladder (3v3 – 6v6). The difference between the regular team ladder and the hardcore team ladder is the in game settings and thus a rule differentiation. Winning ladder matches on a competitive website rewards the user with experience points which add up to give them an overall rank.[58]

text: The tournaments offered on these websites provide players with the opportunity to win cash prizes and trophies. The trophies are registered and saved on the player's profile if/when they win a tournament and the prize money is deposited into his or her bank account. Call of Duty: Ghosts was the most competitively played game in 2014, with an average of 15,000 teams participating every season.[59]

text: For the past 6 seasons in competitive Call of Duty, Full Sail University has hosted a prize giveaway, giving $2,500 to the top team each season.[60] The other ladders give out credits and medals registered on players' profiles. Tournaments hosted on the Call of Duty: Ghosts's Arena give cost from 15 to 30 credits, thus averaging at a cost of about $18.75 per tournament. If the player competes with a team, the prize money is divided and an equal cut is given to each player. Other tournaments with substantial prizes are hosted in specific cities and countries for LAN teams.

text: The biggest Call of Duty tournament hosted was Call of Duty: Experience 2011, a tournament that began when Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 was released.[61]

text: Playing Call of Duty competitively is most popular in Europe and North America, with users who participate in tournaments and ladder matches daily.[62] Competitive players have an average of 500,000 followers on social media.[63]

text: Call of Duty Endowment

text: The Call of Duty Endowment (CODE) is a nonprofit foundation created by Activision Blizzard to help find employment for U.S. military veterans. The first donation, consisting of $125,000, was presented to the Paralyzed Veterans of America.[64]

text: Co-chairman General James L. Jones is a former U.S. National Security Advisor.[65] Founder Robert Kotick is the CEO of Activision Blizzard. Upon its founding in 2009, the organization announced a commitment to create thousands of career opportunities for veterans, including those returning from the Middle East.[66] Annual awards given by the endowment include the “Seal of Distinction,” a $30,000 initial grant given to selected veteran’s service organizations.[67] In November 2014, the endowment launched the “Race to 1,000 Jobs” campaign to encourage gamers to donate money to and get involved in organizations that provide veterans with services.[68] As of 2015, the Call of Duty Endowment had provided around $12 million in grants to veterans’ organizations in the United States, which has helped find jobs for 14,700 veterans.[69]

text: On March 30, 2010, CODE presented 3,000 copies of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, approximately $180,000 in value, to the U.S. Navy. The copies were delivered to over 300 ships and submarines as well as Navy Morale, Welfare, and Recreation facilities worldwide.[70]


document_title: I'm Not Ashamed

question_text: who plays nate in i am not ashamed

question_tokens: who plays nate in i am not ashamed

root

text: I'm Not Ashamed

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Littleton, Colorado, a young Rachel Joy Scott, witnesses her father leave her family in the middle of the night. Her mother then struggles financially, and encourages her kids to pray for financial help. Rachel begins to become more spiritual in embracing her Christian faith.

tag: p

text: During her sophomore year at Columbine high school, Rachel becomes rebellious and begins sneaking out to hang out with her friends, Maddison, Gabby, and Linda. During the summer, Rachel's mother sends her to her cousins in Louisiana, where her spirituality grows. The next year, on the first day on school, Rachel witnesses the jocks picking on Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. Eric then threatens to kill them.

text: Later on in the year, Rachel begins to get involved with the head on the drama club, Alex Dickerson, and during a rehearsal, the two kiss. Later on, at a breakthrough meeting, Rachel meets Nathan Ballard, a homeless kid whose mother is a heroine addict. With Rachel's help, Nathan is able to be put up at another kid's house. Nathan is grateful.

text: One day, Rachel's stepfather, Lary, finds a beer bottle from a party in the car, and Rachel loses her right to the car, becoming rebellious again. At the first performence of the school play, Nathan arrives and begins to fight with Alex, embarrassing Rachel. At a party that night, Rachel discovers Alex cheating on her with Maddison. Rachel then begins to be bullied more often by others, and even tries to commit suicide at one point. However, with Nathan's encouragement, Rachel turns back to her faith, and inspires other Christian students to not give up hope, despite being bullied. Meanwhile, Dylan and Eric plan their revenge on the school.

text: One day, Rachel tries to help Linda with family issues, but Linda says that she'll never help anyone. At prom, Linda reconciles with Rachel, revealing that she has issues her mother. Not long after, Alex tries to reconcile with Rachel, but she declines his apology.

text: On April 20, 1999, Rachel reconciles with Maddison, and the two make plans to hang out the next day. At lunch, Rachel has an emotional conversation with fellow student, Richard Castaldo, about family issues. Rachel calms him by saying that everything happens for a reason. Just then, Eric and Dylan come out of the parking lot, and begin shooting at Rachel and Richard. Richard is knocked unconscious, while Rachel struggles to get away. Eric and Dylan corner her, and Eric asks her if she still believes in God, and when Rachel tells him that she does, he kills her. The assailants then storm the school, killing 13 others; 12 students, and 1 teacher. Eric and Dylan then take their own lives.

text: All of Rachel's friends pay tribute to her after the shooting. At Rachel's funeral, Nathan gives a eulogy, stating that he always loved her.

text: Sometime after, Rachel's mother finds a note on a dresser in their house, that Rachel had written years before. The note states that she will one day help millions of people.

text: The film closes with text saying Rachel's story inspired millions and offers contact information.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Masey McLain as Rachel Scott

Nola Fulk as Young Rachel

Ben Davies as Nathan Ballard (based on Mark Bodiford-Pettit)
David Errigo Jr. as Eric Harris
Cory Chapman as Dylan Klebold
Justin Cone as Sean
Cameron McKendry as Alex Dickerson
Taylor Kalupa as Gabby
Mark Daugherty as Kevin
Jennifer O'Neill as Linda
Derick Von Tagen as Craig Scott
Isaac Lovoy as Mike Scott
Sadie Robertson as Charity
Korie Robertson as Aunt Bea
Bella Robertson as Anna
Jaci Velasquez as Mrs. Diaz

tag: ul

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The producers of the film accused YouTube of an anti-Christian bias for blocking the official trailer of I'm Not Ashamed for 11 months.[6][7] Reportedly, the video sharing site had repeatedly removed the trailer for the movie without offering any valid explanation.[8]

text: At least one author and some sections of the media[9] question the actual circumstances surrounding Rachel Scott's final moments.[10] However, according to some sources, the final and fatal wound Rachel received was inflicted after Eric Harris approached her as she and Richard Castaldo lay wounded; he lifted Rachel's head by her hair, before asking whether she believed in the existence of the Lord, to which she replied, "You know I do." In response, Harris replied, "Well, go be with Him", before shooting Rachel in the temple.[11] Richard Castaldo, the student shot directly alongside Rachel and who only survived the attack by feigning death before falling into unconsciousness, later recalled hearing Rachel weeping as she curled into a ball upon the grass, before hearing a final gunshot as Harris and Klebold approached them.[12]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened in 505 theaters on October 21, 2016, and played at 516 theaters in its widest release.[3] Its lifetime box-office take was $2,082,980.[3]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 22%, based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10.[13] On Metacritic, the film received a score of 31 out of 100, based on 6 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews."[14]

text: The Guardian rated the film 2 stars out of 5, with their justification being: "To use the senseless death of a school shooting victim to promote one's warped political agenda is, to use a trendy term, deplorable."[15] The A.V. Club gave it a D+, stating their belief the film is "just another vehicle for a series of scenes in which devout characters remind each other that God has it all under control" and that "the political implications are very unsavory".[16] The Los Angeles Times gave a mixed review, noting that while there was "...a refreshing lack of moralizing here, and a welcome emphasis on accepting people for who they are," they felt that "the forced ironies of having infamous teen mass-murderers interact with the heroine feels more than a little exploitative." [17]

text: Among positive reviews, Plugged In Online, a site owned by Focus on the Family (a conservative Christian foundation), said "Rachel Joy Scott's story is a moving example of the difference just one committed Christian can make in the lives of people around her." [18] Forbes magazine said, "...with its pro-compassion message and likable lead, I'm Not Ashamed is a faith-based movie worthy of some praise."[19]


document_title: Plane joint

question_text: where is the plane joint located in the body

text: Plane joint

text:
Gliding joint
Vertical section through the articulations at the wrist, showing the synovial cavities.DetailsIdentifiersLatin
articulatio planaTA
A03.0.00.043FMA
75293
Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata]

tag: table

text: A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement.

text: Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.  The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.  Plane joints are numerous and are nearly always small, such as the acromioclavicular joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle. Typically, they are found in the wrists, ankles & between the 2nd and 7th sternocostals, vertebral transverse and spinous processes.[1]


document_title: Bourne (film series)

question_text: what is the last movie of jason bourne

question_tokens: what is the last movie of jason bourne

text: Bourne (film series)

text: Films[edit]

text:
Film

U.S. release date

Director

Screenwriter(s)

Story by

Producer(s)

The Bourne Identity

June 14, 2002 (2002-06-14)

Doug Liman

Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron

Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley and Richard N. Gladstein

The Bourne Supremacy

July 23, 2004 (2004-07-23)

Paul Greengrass

Tony Gilroy

Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Paul L. Sandberg

The Bourne Ultimatum

August 3, 2007 (2007-08-03)

Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi

Tony Gilroy

The Bourne Legacy

August 10, 2012 (2012-08-10)

Tony Gilroy

Tony Gilroy and Dan Gilroy

Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith

Jason Bourne

July 29, 2016 (2016-07-29)

Paul Greengrass

Paul Greengrass and Christopher Rouse

Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman, Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith

text: The Bourne Identity (2002)[edit]

text: A man is found floating in the Mediterranean Sea with two gunshot wounds in his back and a device with the number of a Swiss safe deposit box embedded in his hip. Upon reaching shore, the man assumes the name Jason Bourne after finding a passport under that name in the safe deposit box, along with other alien passports, large amounts of assorted currencies, and a gun. He subsequently attempts to discover his true identity while countering attempts on his life by CIA assassins, eventually realizing that he is one such assassin who failed to complete his most recent mission. Bourne breaks his connections to the CIA and unites with Marie Kreutz (Franka Potente), a woman who helped him learn about his most recent actions prior to his memory loss. Bourne's conflict with the CIA reaches a climax when he takes the fight to their doorstep.

text: The Bourne Supremacy (2004)[edit]

text: Some two years after learning that he is a trained assassin and breaking his connections with the CIA, Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) is framed for a crime to cover up the true perpetrator. An attempt on his life by Kirill (Karl Urban) a Russian cop, results in Marie's (Franka Potente) death in India. Bourne, thinking that the CIA is hunting him again, proceeds to hunt those responsible for her death and his forgotten past. Bourne discovers that Ward Abbott (Brian Cox), one of the men who oversaw the program which trained Bourne to be an assassin (Operation Treadstone), had stolen millions of dollars from the CIA. Abbott had planned to frame Bourne for the theft, followed by assassinating Bourne in India. Bourne exposes Abbott to Pamela Landy (Joan Allen), the CIA officer in charge of finding Bourne. Abbott kills himself. Bourne goes to Moscow where he is identified, resulting in a long car chase through Moscow.  At the end of the chase, Kirill dies. Bourne is in Moscow to find the daughter of a Russian couple killed in his first mission. He tells her that it was not a suicide, as she had been long told, but a murder. Bourne then goes back into hiding.

text: The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)[edit]

text: After six weeks of disconnection from his job, Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) learns that a British journalist has been investigating his past and contacts him to find out who his source is. Bourne is subsequently targeted by Operation Blackbriar, an upgraded Operation Treadstone, which also has taken note of the investigation. Believing that Bourne is a threat and is seeking revenge, Blackbriar's director Noah Vosen (David Strathairn) begins a new hunt for Bourne. Bourne manages to take classified documents proving that Blackbriar has targeted U.S. citizens; he is aided by Pamela Landy, who disagreed with Vosen from the beginning and does not support Blackbriar's existence, and former Treadstone logistics technician Nicky Parsons (Julia Stiles). She may have had romantic feelings for Bourne before his final mission and resultant amnesia. Bourne finally comes face to face with the person who oversaw his behavior modification as the first Treadstone operative some years earlier, memories of which resurface. Those responsible for Treadstone and Blackbriar are exposed, and Bourne goes underground.

text: The Bourne Legacy (2012)[edit]

text: Aaron Cross (Jeremy Renner) is a member of Operation Outcome, a United States Department of Defense black ops program which enhances the physical and mental abilities of field operatives through pills referred to as "chems". Cross, deployed to Alaska for a training assignment, traverses rugged terrain to reach a cabin operated by an exiled Outcome operative. Meanwhile, Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) has exposed the Blackbriar and Treadstone programs in public, leading the FBI and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence to investigate those involved. Retired Air Force Colonel Eric Byer (Edward Norton), who is responsible for overseeing the Beta program from which the CIA's Treadstone and Blackbriar were developed, decides to end Outcome and kill its agents. Cross manages to survive several attempts on his life and seeks a way to get more chems, as his have run out. Cross eventually comes upon Dr. Marta Shearing (Rachel Weisz), his last link to gain more chems. He discovers she has no pills but that his physical enhancements can be "viraled-out" and can become genetically permanent, so he would no longer need physical chems. He, in turn, reveals to her that without the help of the mental chem enhancements, he possesses a well-below average IQ. To avoid this mental regression, and the operatives hunting them, the two travel to a factory in Manila and with Shearing's help, Cross initiates and survives the potentially fatal process of viraling-out of his dependency on the remaining mental-enhancing pills. They evade the Manila police and an operative from the new LARX program, and successfully escape from the Philippines on a junk ship.

text: Jason Bourne (2016)[edit]

text: Nicky Parsons (Julia Stiles), whom Bourne sent into hiding in The Bourne Ultimatum, gains access to sensitive CIA files. She contacts Bourne to share information about his past, including how he was recruited for Operation Treadstone and his father's role in that operation. Bourne learns that his father, Richard Webb (Gregg Henry), designed Operation Treadstone and was assassinated by the CIA because he did not want his son to enter the program and become a killer. CIA director Robert Dewey (Tommy Lee Jones) hunts down Parsons and Bourne using a foreign asset (Vincent Cassel) and the technical skills of CIA Cyber Ops Division head Heather Lee (Alicia Vikander), while Bourne plans to avenge his father's death. Bourne first tries to make the man who recruited him into the CIA confirm his understanding of his father's death. He then plans to avenge himself against Dewey. Meanwhile Lee wants to bring Bourne back into the CIA's special operations and Dewey allows her to believe she has his support even though he plans to eliminate Bourne.

text: There is a subplot involving Operation Iron Hand, a surveillance program that will have secret access to a giant social media service called Deep Dream. In the past the CIA and Deep Dream have had a contract to work together, but Aaron Kalloor (Riz Ahmed), its founder and CEO, wants to end this cooperation. When Dewey refuses to allow any such change, Kalloor plans to reveal his relationship with the CIA and its plans to violate the privacy expectations of Deep Dream's millions of users. Dewey plans to assassinate Kalloor before his planned revelations.

text: Future[edit]

text: Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out.[3] However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people "might be done" with the character.[4]

text: Television[edit]

text: Treadstone[edit]

text: On April 13, 2018, USA Network ordered a pilot for a series titled Treadstone which will be written by Tim Kring. The series will explore the origins of the Treadstone program as well as sleeper agents associated with it.[5] On August 16, 2018 it was announced Treadstone will bypass the pilot stage in favor of a straight-to-series commitment.[6]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
A dark grey cell indicates that the character was not in the film or that the character's presence in the film has yet to be announced.
A V  indicates a voice-only role.
An A  indicates an appearance through archival footage or audio.

text:
Character

Film

The Bourne Identity

The Bourne Supremacy

The Bourne Ultimatum

The Bourne Legacy

Jason Bourne

2002

2004

2007

2012

2016

Jason BourneDavid Webb

Matt Damon

Matt DamonA

Matt Damon

Marie Helena Kreutz

Franka Potente

Franka PotenteA

Nicolette "Nicky" Parsons

Julia Stiles

Julia Stiles

Ward Abbott

Brian Cox

Brian CoxAV

Daniel "Danny" Zorn

Gabriel Mann

Alexander Conklin

Chris Cooper

Chris CooperA

The Professor

Clive Owen

Clive OwenA

Nykwanna Wombosi

Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje

Adewale Akinnuoye-AgbajeA

Pamela Landy

Joan Allen

Tom Cronin

Tom Gallop

Kirill

Karl Urban

Jarda

Marton Csokas

Noah Vosen

David Strathairn

Ezra Kramer

Scott Glenn

Dr. Albert Hirsch

Albert Finney

Albert FinneyA

Ray Wills

Corey Johnson

Simon Ross

Paddy Considine

Paddy ConsidineA

Paz

Edgar Ramirez

Edgar RamirezA

Martin Kreutz

Daniel Brühl

Desh Bouksani

Joey Ansah

Joey AnsahA

Kiley

Scott Adkins

Aaron CrossKenneth J. KitsomOutcome #5

Jeremy Renner

Dr. Marta Shearing

Rachel Weisz

Eric Byer

Edward Norton

Mark Turso

Stacy Keach

Outcome #3

Oscar Isaac

LARX 3

Louis Ozawa Changchien

Zev Vendel

Corey Stoll

Robert Dewey

Tommy Lee Jones

Heather Lee

Alicia Vikander

Asset

Vincent Cassel

Aaron Kalloor

Riz Ahmed

Craig Jeffers

Ato Essandoh

Richard Webb

Gregg Henry

text: Crew and other[edit]

text:
Crew/detail

Film

The Bourne Identity

The Bourne Supremacy

The Bourne Ultimatum

The Bourne Legacy

Jason Bourne

2002

2004

2007

2012

2016

Director

Doug Liman

Paul Greengrass

Tony Gilroy

Paul Greengrass

Producers

Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley, Richard N. Gladstein

Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Paul L. Sandberg

Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner, Ben Smith

Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner, Ben Smith, Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman

Editor(s)

Saar Klein

Christopher RouseRick Pearson

Christopher Rouse

John Gilroy

Christopher Rouse

Director of photography

Oliver Wood

Robert Elswit

Barry Ackroyd

Composer(s)

John Powell

James Newton Howard

John Powell, David Buckley

Writer(s)

Screenplay by:Tony GilroyWilliam Blake HerronBased on:The Bourne Identity by Robert Ludlum

Screenplay by:Tony GilroyBased on:The Bourne Supremacy by Robert Ludlum

Screenplay by:Tony GilroyScott Z. BurnsGeorge NolfiBased on:The Bourne Ultimatum by Robert Ludlum

Screenplay by:Tony Gilroy and Dan GilroyStory by:Tony GilroyBased on:The Bourne Legacy by Eric Van Lustbader

Screenplay by:Paul GreengrassChristopher RouseBased on:Bourne series by Robert Ludlum

Distributor

Universal Pictures

Release date

June 14, 2002

July 23, 2004

August 3, 2007

August 10, 2012

July 29, 2016

Running time

118 mins

108 mins

116 mins

135 mins

123 mins

MPAA rating

PG-13

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Bourne series has received both critical and commercial success. Ultimatum won three Academy Awards: Best Film Editing, Sound and Best Sound Editing.[7] Both Supremacy and Ultimatum won the Empire Award for Best Film.[8][9]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text:
Film

Release date

Box office revenue

Box office ranking

Budget

Ref(s)

Opening weekendNorth America

North America

Other territories

Worldwide

All timeNorth America

All timeworldwide

The Bourne Identity

June 14, 2002

$27,118,640

$121,661,683

$92,372,541

$214,034,224

#455

#587

$60 million

[10]

The Bourne Supremacy

July 23, 2004

$52,521,865

$176,241,941

$112,258,276

$288,500,217

#227

#396

$75 million

[11]

The Bourne Ultimatum

August 3, 2007

$69,283,690

$227,471,070

$215,353,068

$442,824,138

#126

#195

$110 million

[12]

The Bourne Legacy

August 10, 2012

$38,142,825

$113,203,870

$162,940,880

$276,144,750

#514

#414

$125 million

[13]

Jason Bourne

July 29, 2016

$59,215,365

$162,434,410

$253,050,504

$415,484,914

#267

#222

$120 million

[14]

Total

$7008801012974000000♠801,012,974

$7008835975269000000♠835,975,269

$7009163698824300000♠1,636,988,243

$490 million

[15][16]

Average

$157,587,160

$159,284,953

$323,872,113

text: Critical and public response[edit]

text:
Film

Rotten Tomatoes

Metacritic

CinemaScore[17]

Ref(s)

Critics

Top Critics

Audience

The Bourne Identity

83% (187 reviews)

78% (41 reviews)

93% (965 080 votes)

68 (38 reviews)

A−

[18][19]

The Bourne Supremacy

81% (194 reviews)

74% (43 reviews)

90% (708 460 votes)

73 (39 reviews)

A−

[20][21]

The Bourne Ultimatum

93% (261 reviews)

96% (49 reviews)

91% (1 922 358 votes)

85 (38 reviews)

A

[22][23]

The Bourne Legacy

56% (222 reviews)

55% (44 reviews)

58% (281 875 votes)

61 (42 reviews)

B

[24][25]

Jason Bourne

55% (285 reviews)

51% (47 reviews)

56% (56 548 votes)

58 (50 reviews)

A−

[26][27]

Average

74%

71%

78%

69

A−

text: Production[edit]

text: Director Doug Liman stated that he had been a fan of The Bourne Identity by Robert Ludlum since he read it in high school. Near the end of production of Liman's previous film Swingers, Liman decided to develop a film adaptation of the novel. After more than two years of securing rights to the book from Warner Brothers and a further year of screenplay development with screenwriter Tony Gilroy, the film went through two years of production.[28] Liman approached a wide range of actors for the role of Bourne, including Russell Crowe and Sylvester Stallone, before he eventually cast Matt Damon. Liman found that Damon understood and appreciated that, though The Bourne Identity would have its share of action, the focus was primarily on character and plot.[29] Production was difficult, with screenplay rewrites occurring throughout the entire filming and Liman constantly arguing with Universal's executives.[30] The Bourne Identity was released in June 2002.

text: Universal confirmed at a media conference in Los Angeles, California, that they have plans to release more Bourne films, despite Legacy being given mixed reviews by critics.[31] In a December 2012 interview, Matt Damon revealed that he and Paul Greengrass are interested in returning for the next film.[32] On November 8, 2013, Deadline reported that the fifth installment in the franchise will feature Renner's Cross, with Justin Lin directing.[33] Andrew Baldwin was attached for the film's screenplay writing. On September 15, 2014, it was announced that Damon and Greengrass will indeed return for the next Bourne film, taking the release date, with Renner returning as Cross in a separate film, at a later date.[34] In November 2014, Damon confirmed that he and Greengrass will return [35] with a script from themselves and film editor Christopher Rouse.[36] On May 23, 2015, Deadline reported that Alicia Vikander is in talks to star with Damon in the fifth film.[37] In June 2015, Variety reported that Stiles will reprise her role as Nicky Parsons and Viggo Mortensen is in talks to appear in the film as an assassin who's tracking down Bourne. Deadline reported that Vikander is confirmed to appear in the film.[38][39] On July 28, 2015, Tommy Lee Jones was cast in a role in the fifth film.[40] On September 1, 2015, Variety reported that French actor Vincent Cassel is cast as the film's villain.[41]

text: Producer Frank Marshall confirmed principal photography for the new film had commenced on September 8, 2015.[42] The film itself was released in the UK on July 27, 2016[43] and in the U.S. on July 29, 2016.[44]

text: The films have been noted for their "well placed", "understated" and "tastefully done" product placement of a "diverse" range of brands, which in the case of the third film, earned the producers tens of millions of dollars.[45][46] The Bourne Identity features brands such as The Guardian newspaper, BT Tower in London and Tag Heuer watches.[45] The Bourne Supremacy features mobile phones made by Sony Ericsson.[47] The Bourne Ultimatum features a total of 54 brands including The Guardian and BT for the second time;[48][49] mobile phones made by Motorola, Nokia and Carphone Warehouse, most prominently the RAZR 2 and SLVR, as Motorola was a major sponsor and had a movie tie-in customized phone;[47][49] cars made by BMW, Ford, Mercedes, and Volkswagen, most prominently the Volkswagen Touareg 2, as Volkswagen provided $25 million in funding;[48][49][50] and technology products such as CTX computer monitors, Norton AntiVirus and the Google web search engine.[49]

text: Music[edit]

text:
The scores of the first three films of the series were written by English composer John Powell, with James Newton Howard scoring the fourth film, The Bourne Legacy.
Powell returned, with David Buckley to compose the score of the fifth film.
Powell was not the original choice as composer for The Bourne Identity—a score for the film had already been composed by Carter Burwell and recorded by an orchestra, when director Doug Liman contacted Powell to provide an alternative soundtrack as he was dissatisfied with the music. Partly for budgetary reasons, Powell scaled down the orchestral score to a mostly electronic soundtrack with strings overlaid to give it a "cinematic feel".[51]

text: The song "Extreme Ways" by musician Moby is used as the end title theme of all five films.


document_title: List of international goals scored by Lionel Messi

question_text: how many goals had messi scored in world cup

text: Lionel Messi is an association football forward in the Argentina national football team. Since debuting for Argentina in 2005, Messi has scored 65 goals in 128 international appearances,[1] making him the country's all-time top scorer, surpassing Gabriel Batistuta's record, with a free kick against United States in the semi-final of Copa América Centenario on 21 June 2016.[2][3] He made his debut for Argentina in a 2–1 away win over Hungary on 17 August 2005.[4] He scored his first international goal a year later in his sixth appearance for his country against Croatia.[1]

text: Messi's goal against Serbia and Montenegro, on 16 June 2006, made him the youngest-ever scorer for Argentina at a FIFA World Cup when he was 18 years and 357 days old.[5] He has scored six international hat-tricks, and has netted twice in a match (also known as a brace) on eleven occasions.[1] Messi has scored more times against Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Uruguay and Ecuador than any other team, with four goals against each one of them.[1]

text:
Messi has scored 21 goals in FIFA World Cup qualifiers, making him the all-time top scorer of the qualification in CONMEBOL, along with his Barcelona teammate Luis Suárez.[6] He has scored eight goals in Copa América,[1] leading his team to the final of the tournament in 2007, 2015, and 2016, each time finishing as a runner-up. At the 2015 tournament, he allegedly rejected the Best Player award and the trophy was omitted from the ceremony.[7][8]
He has scored six times in the FIFA World Cup tournaments,[1] once in 2006, four times in 2014, when he guided his team to the final and was awarded the Golden Ball, and once in the 2018 World Cup finals.[9] The remainder of Messi's goals, 30, have come in friendlies.[1]

text: List of goals[edit]

text:
Goal

Cap

Date

Venue

Opponent

Score

Result

Competition

Ref

1

6
1 March 2006
St. Jakob-Park, Basel, Switzerland
 Croatia
2–1
2–3
Friendly

[10]

2

8
16 June 2006
Veltins-Arena, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
 Serbia and Montenegro
6–0
6–0
2006 FIFA World Cup

[5]

3

14
5 June 2007
Camp Nou, Barcelona, Spain
 Algeria
2–2
4–3
Friendly

[11]

4

4–2

5

18
8 July 2007
Metropolitano de Lara, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
 Peru
2–0
4–0
2007 Copa América

[12]

6

19
11 July 2007
Polideportivo Cachamay, Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela
 Mexico
2–0
3–0

[13]

7

24
16 October 2007
Estadio José Pachencho Romero, Maracaibo, Venezuela
 Venezuela
2–0
2–0
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification

[1]

8

26
20 November 2007
Estadio El Campín, Bogotá, Colombia
 Colombia
1–0
1–2

[14]

9

27
4 June 2008
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego, United States
 Mexico
2–0
4–1
Friendly

[15]

10

33
11 October 2008
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Uruguay
1–0
2–1
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification

[16]

11

35
11 February 2009
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille, France
 France
2–0
2–0
Friendly

[17]

12

36
28 March 2009
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Venezuela
1–0
4–0
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification

[18]

13

44
14 November 2009
Vicente Calderón Stadium, Madrid, Spain
 Spain
1–1
1–2
Friendly

[19]

14

52
7 September 2010
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1–0
4–1

[20]

15

54
17 November 2010
Khalifa International Stadium, Doha, Qatar
 Brazil
1–0
1–0

[21]

16

55
9 February 2011
Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
 Portugal
2–1
2–1

[22]

17

57
20 June 2011
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Albania
2–0
4–0

[23]

18

64
7 October 2011
 Chile
2–0
4–1
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

[24]

19

67
15 November 2011
Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez, Barranquilla, Colombia
 Colombia
1–1
2–1

[25]

20

68
29 February 2012
Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, Bern, Switzerland
  Switzerland
1–0
3–1
Friendly
[26]

21

2–1

22

3–1

23

69
2 June 2012
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Ecuador
3–0
4–0
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

[27]

24

70
9 June 2012
MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, United States
 Brazil
1–1
4–3
Friendly

[28]

25

2–1

26

4–3

27

71
15 August 2012
Commerzbank-Arena, Frankfurt, Germany
 Germany
2–1
3–1

[29]

28

72
7 September 2012
Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes, Córdoba, Argentina
 Paraguay
3–1
3–1
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
[30]

29

74
12 October 2012
Estadio Malvinas Argentinas, Mendoza, Argentina
 Uruguay
1–0
3–0

[31]

30

3–0

31

75
16 October 2012
Estadio Nacional, Santiago, Chile
 Chile
1–0
2–1

[32]

32

78
22 March 2013
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Venezuela
3–0
3–0

[33]

33

82
14 June 2013
Estadio Mateo Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala
 Guatemala
1–0
4–0
Friendly
[34]

34

3–0

35

4–0

36

83
10 September 2013
Estadio Defensores del Chaco, Asunción, Paraguay
 Paraguay
1–0
5–2
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

[35]

37

4–1

38

86
7 June 2014
Estadio Ciudad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
 Slovenia
2–0
2–0
Friendly

[36]

39

87
15 June 2014
Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2–0
2–1
2014 FIFA World Cup

[37]

40

88
21 June 2014
Estádio Mineirão, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
 Iran
1–0
1–0

[38]

41

89
25 June 2014
Estádio Beira-Rio, Porto Alegre, Brazil
 Nigeria
1–0
3–2

[39]

42

2–1

43

95
14 October 2014
Hong Kong Stadium, So Kon Po, Hong Kong
 Hong Kong
5–0
7–0
Friendly

[40]

44

7–0

45

96
12 November 2014
Upton Park, London, England
 Croatia
2–1
2–1

[41]

46

98
13 June 2015
Estadio La Portada, La Serena, Chile
 Paraguay
2–0
2–2
2015 Copa América

[42]

47

104
4 September 2015
BBVA Compass Stadium, Houston, United States
 Bolivia
5–0
7–0
Friendly

[43]

48

6–0

49

105
8 September 2015
AT&T Stadium, Arlington, United States
 Mexico
2–2
2–2

[44]

50

107
29 March 2016
Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes, Córdoba, Argentina
 Bolivia
2–0
2–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

[45]

51

109
10 June 2016
Soldier Field, Chicago, United States
 Panama
2–0
5–0
Copa América Centenario

[46]

52

3–0

53

4–0

54

111
18 June 2016
Gillette Stadium, Foxborough, United States
 Venezuela
3–0
4–1

[47]

55

112
21 June 2016
NRG Stadium, Houston, United States
 United States
2–0
4–0

[48]

56

114
1 September 2016
Estadio Malvinas Argentinas, Mendoza, Argentina
 Uruguay
1–0
1–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

[49]

57

116
15 November 2016
Estadio San Juan del Bicentenario, San Juan, Argentina
 Colombia
1–0
3–0

[50]

58

117
23 March 2017
Estadio Antonio V. Liberti, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Chile
1–0
1–0

[51]

59

121
10 October 2017
Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, Quito, Ecuador
 Ecuador
1–1
3–1

[52]

60

2–1

61

3–1

62

124
29 May 2018
La Bombonera, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Haiti
1–0
4–0
Friendly
[53]

63

2–0

64

3–0

65

127
26 June 2018
Krestovsky Stadium, Saint Petersburg, Russia
 Nigeria
1–0
2–1
2018 FIFA World Cup

[54]

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
This article is part of a series aboutLionel Messi

 Argentine professional footballer

International goals
Career achievements
Comparisons to Cristiano Ronaldo

Films

Messi (2014)
Messi (2017)
vte

text:
Year

Competitive

Friendly

Total

Apps

Goals

Apps

Goals

Apps

Goals

2005

3[a]
0
2
0
5
0

2006

3[b]
1
4
1
7
2

2007

10[c]
4
4
2
14
6

2008

6[a]
1
2
1
8
2

2009

8[a]
1
2
2
10
3

2010

5[b]
0
5
2
10
2

2011

8[d]
2
5
2
13
4

2012

5[a]
5
4
7
9
12

2013

5[a]
3
2
3
7
6

2014

7[b]
4
7
4
14
8

2015

6[e]
1
2
3
8
4

2016

10[f]
8
1
0
11
8

2017

5[a]
4
2
0
7
4

2018

3
1
1
3
4
4

Total

85
35
43
30
128
65

Goals by competition

Competition

Goals

Friendlies
30

Copa América
8

FIFA World Cup qualification
21

FIFA World Cup tournaments
6

Total

65

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Appearances in FIFA World Cup qualification

^ Jump up to: a b c Appearances in FIFA World Cup

Jump up ^ Six appearances and two goals in Copa América, four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification

Jump up ^ Four appearances in Copa América, four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification

Jump up ^ Appearances in Copa América

Jump up ^ Five appearances and three goals in FIFA World Cup qualification, five appearances and five goals in Copa América Centenario

tag: ol


document_title: The Two Towers

question_text: what were the names of the two towers

question_tokens: what were the names of the two towers

text: The Two Towers

text: Title[edit]

text: The Lord of the Rings is composed of six "books", aside from an introduction, a prologue and six appendices. The novel was originally published as three separate volumes due to post-World War II paper shortages and size and price considerations.[2] The Two Towers covers Books III and IV.

text: Tolkien wrote, "The Two Towers gets as near as possible to finding a title to cover the widely divergent Books 3 and 4; and can be left ambiguous."[3] At this stage he planned to title the individual books. The proposed title for Book III was The Treason of Isengard. Book IV was titled The Journey of the Ringbearers or The Ring Goes East. The titles The Treason of Isengard and The Ring Goes East were used in the Millennium edition.

text: In letters to Rayner Unwin Tolkien considered naming the two as Orthanc and Barad-dûr, Minas Tirith and Barad-dûr, or Orthanc and the Tower of Cirith Ungol.[3][4] However, a month later he wrote a note published at the end of The Fellowship of the Ring and later drew a cover illustration, both of which identified the pair as Minas Morgul and Orthanc.[5][6] In the illustration, Orthanc is shown as a black tower, three-horned, with the sign of the White Hand beside it; Minas Morgul is a white tower, with a thin waning moon above it, in reference to its original name, Minas Ithil, the Tower of the Rising Moon. Between the two towers a Nazgûl flies.

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Book III: The Treason of Isengard[edit]

text: As Aragorn searches for Frodo, he suddenly hears Boromir's horn. Aragorn finds Boromir mortally wounded by arrows, sitting with his back against a great tree, surrounded by many slain orcs. Before Boromir dies, Aragorn learns that Saruman's Uruk-hai soldiers have kidnapped some of the hobbits, in spite of his efforts to defend them, that Frodo had vanished after Boromir had attempted to take the Ring from him and that he truly regretted his actions. In his last moments, Boromir charges Aragorn with defending Minas Tirith from Sauron. With Legolas and Gimli, who had been fighting Orcs by themselves, Aragorn pays his last tributes to Boromir and sends him down the Great River Anduin on a funeral boat, the usual methods of burial being impractical. Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli later resolve to follow the Uruk-hai captors and save Merry and Pippin.

text: Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas come across the Riders of Rohan led by Éomer, nephew of King Théoden. The trio learn that the horsemen had attacked a band of Orcs the previous night, and that they had left no survivors. However, Aragorn is able to track a small set of prints that lead into Fangorn, where they see an old man who disappears almost as soon as they see him—they assume him to be Saruman. Their horses bolt away, which they also assume to be the work of Saruman.

text: Merry and Pippin, taken captive by the Uruk-hai, learn that one of the orcs from Mordor, Grishnákh, knows about the ring and believes it to be on one of them. The fact that the Uruk-hai and the Mordor orcs are in collusion proves to be a disquieting piece of information. When the Uruk-hai are attacked by the horsemen of Rohan, called the Rohirrim or "Riders of Rohan". Merry and Pippin escape Grishnákh, who has taken them out of the camp but is killed by a Rider. They then go into the nearby Fangorn Forest, where they encounter the giant treelike Ents. The Ents resemble actual trees, except they are able to see, talk, and move. These guardians of the forest generally keep to themselves, but after a long contemplation on whether or not the Hobbits were friends, or foes, their leader Treebeard takes them in as friends. The hobbits are given some of the nourishment of the Ents, Ent-draught, which causes them to grow. Treebeard then calls a council of the Ents, or an Entmoot. There, Treebeard and another Ent named Quickbeam persuades the Ent council to oppose the menace posed to the forest by the wizard Saruman, as suggested by Merry and Pippin, as Treebeard realizes that Saruman's minions have been cutting down large numbers of their trees to fuel the furnaces needed for Saruman's arming of his dark army. The Ents then lead the entire forest toward Isengard.

text: Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas then go into Fangorn and surmise that the forest feels as if it about to explode. Shortly afterward, the three meet Gandalf (again, they at first take him to be Saruman), whom they believed had perished in the mines of Moria. He tells them of his fall into the abyss, his battle to the death with the Balrog and his resurrection and his enhanced power. Gandalf tells them that Merry and Pippin are safe, and then summarizes the situation. Their allies, Rohan and Gondor, lie in between Mordor and Isengard and that the treachery of Saruman diverts Rohan's forces from Minas Tirith.

text: The four then ride to Rohan's capital, Edoras, where Gandalf rouses King Théoden from bewitchment and inaction against the threat Saruman poses. In the process, Saruman's spy in Rohan (and King Théoden's trusted advisor) Gríma Wormtongue, is expelled from Rohan. Éomer, imprisoned by Wormtongue, is released and named heir to the king because Théoden's son Théodred was slain in battle. Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas then travel with Théoden's troops towards the fords of Isen, but they meet those who had retreated from the fords as they battled the Uruk-hai. Gandalf then tells them to ride to the fortress of the Hornburg, in the valley of Helm's Deep. Gandalf rides away before the battle begins, though he gives no reason for doing so.

text: At the Hornburg, the army of Rohan led by King Théoden and Aragorn resist a full-scale onslaught by the hosts of Saruman. They are able to weather several assaults until things begin to go ill with Rohan. The wall of the Hornburg is taken, driving Éomer and Gimli into the Glittering Caves and Aragorn and Théoden into the citadel. Trapped and outnumbered, Théoden and Aragorn marshal enough riders to ride out in a final blaze of glory but are saved by the arrival of Gandalf and Erkenbrand, leading what remained of the army of Westfold after being routed by Sauruman. The tide now turns in Rohan's favour, and Saruman's orcs flee into a forest of Huorns, creatures similar to Ents, and none escape alive. Háma, captain of the king's guard had died during the attack. Gandalf, Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas, along with King Théoden, Éomer, and the men from Rohan, head to Saruman's stronghold of Isengard.

text: When they come to the Isen River, they find that the river is dry and that steams are coming up from the Wizard's Vale. When they reach Isengard, they discover that it is completely flooded and the central tower of Orthanc besieged by the Ents, with Saruman and Wormtongue trapped inside. Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli reunite with Merry and Pippin and catch each other up on their various fortunes and what happened in Isengard. The hobbits tell the tale of how the Ents nearly caught Saruman after the Uruk-hai marched out to Rohan. The Huorns followed the Uruk-hai, but the Ents attacked Isengard, only to be foiled by the magic of Orthanc and the fire of Saruman's machinery. The Ents then flooded Isengard by damming and diverting the Isen.

text: Gandalf and the entire company then go to Orthanc. Théoden rejects Saruman's offer of peace despite the wizard's cunning words. Gandalf then offers Saruman a chance to repent, but Saruman is too proud and refuses. So Gandalf casts Saruman out of the Order of Wizards and the White Council and breaks his staff. Gríma throws something from a window at Gandalf but misses, and it is picked up by Pippin. Gandalf quickly takes it from Pippin. This object turns out to be one of the palantíri (seeing-stones). Pippin, unable to resist the urge, looks into it and encounters the Eye of Sauron, but emerges unscathed from the ordeal. Gandalf then realizes at last the link between Isengard and Mordor and how Saruman fell at last into evil. By looking into the palantír, Saruman became ensnared by the Dark Lord and made to do Sauron's bidding. Gandalf then gives the palantír to Aragorn.

text: Believing Saruman to have captured the Ringbearer, Sauron has sent a Nazgûl to Orthanc. When it passes overhead, Gandalf realizes that the Nazgûl's crossing of the River means that war is imminent. Gandalf takes Pippin then heads for Minas Tirith in Gondor in preparation for the war against Mordor, while Théoden, Merry, Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas remain behind to begin the muster of Rohan, to ride to the aid of Gondor.

text: Book IV: The Ring Goes East[edit]

text: Frodo and Sam discover and capture Gollum, who has been stalking them in their quest to reach Mount Doom and destroy the One Ring, as Gollum attempts to reclaim the Ring for himself. Sam loathes and distrusts him, but Frodo pities the poor creature. Gollum promises by the Ring (his "Precious")to lead the pair to the Black Gate of Mordor, and for a time appears to be like his old self Sméagol. He leads them through a hidden passage of the Dead Marshes in order to avoid being spied by Orcs. Frodo and Sam learn that the Dead Marshes were once part of an ancient battlefield, upon which the War of the Last Alliance was fought. They see many dead faces of ancient warriors and orcs staring up at them.

text: After the marshes, they then cross the desolation and come to the Black Gate. At night, Sam overhears Gollum talking to himself and plotting to get the Ring back. Unable to do so because of the promise he made to Frodo, he resolves to allow something he refers to only as "She" to take care of his problem. Sam realizes that the Ring masters Gollum more than hunger. Gollum persuades Frodo and Sam not to enter the Black Gate, where they would have been surely caught. Gollum tells them of a secret entrance to Mordor. Thus, they head south into Gondor's province of Ithilien, where they get to see one of the "oliphants" in a battle between the men of Gondor and the Haradrim. They are then accosted by a group of Gondorian rangers led by Faramir, the brother of Boromir. Frodo learns from Faramir of Boromir's death. Faramir and the Rangers lead Frodo and Sam into a secret hideout where Sam accidentally reveals to Faramir that Frodo carries the One Ring. As a result of this, Frodo reveals the plan to destroy the Ring in the fires of Mount Doom. Unlike his brother Boromir, Faramir resists the temptation of the Ring. Later that night, Gollum is captured diving for fish into the sacred pool. Frodo negotiates Gollum's freedom with Faramir. The following morning Faramir allows them to go on their way, but warns them that Gollum may know more about the secret entrance than he has been telling them.

text: Gollum then leads the hobbits to the Cross Roads where they see a vandalized statue of a king of Gondor. They then reach the evil city of Minas Morgul, and Frodo watches as the Witch-King leads the Morgul army out and toward Minas Tirith. They then climb up a long, steep staircase of the Cirith Ungol and into a tunnel when Gollum disappears. The tunnel is actually the lair of an enormous spider named Shelob. Gollum hopes to get the Ring from Frodo's bones after Shelob is done with him. The hobbits escape Shelob in her lair using the light of the Phial of Galadriel and mistakenly assume that they are safe. However, Shelob sneaks up on Frodo. Sam attempts to warn Frodo but is attacked by Gollum. Shelob stings Frodo in the back of the neck and he collapses to the ground. Sam fends off Gollum, who runs off back towards Shelob's cave. Sam then fights Shelob, and eventually drives her off by wounding her with Frodo's blade, Sting and the Phial.

text: After seeing Frodo lifeless and pale, Sam assumes that Frodo is dead and debates chasing Gollum and abandoning the Quest in favor of vengeance. Sam resolves to finish the Quest himself and takes the Ring, but when Orcs take Frodo's body, Sam follows them, aided by the invisibility of wearing the Ring. He learns that Frodo is not dead, but only unconscious, and is now a prisoner. Sam falls into a swoon as the orcs reach the undergate of the Tower of Cirith Ungol. The book ends with the line, "Frodo was alive but taken by the Enemy."

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2010)

text: The New York Times gave a positive review, calling it "an extraordinary work – pure excitement, unencumbered narrative, moral warmth, barefaced rejoicing in beauty, but excitement most of all".[7]

text: Anthony Boucher, although noting that The Two Towers "makes inordinate demands upon the patience of its readers" with passages which "could be lopped away without affecting form or content", nevertheless lavished praise on the volume, saying "no writer save E. R. Eddison has ever so satisfactorily and compellingly created his own mythology and made it come vividly alive ... described in some of the most sheerly beautiful prose that this harsh decade has seen in print".[8]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Some of the events of The Two Towers along with The Fellowship of Ring were depicted in the 1978 film of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, directed by Ralph Bakshi.

text: In 1999, the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago presented the world première of The Two Towers, adapted for the stage by James Sie and Karen Tarjan, directed by Ned Mochel.

text: In director Peter Jackson's adaptation of The Two Towers the title is indicated to be referring to the towers of Barad-dûr in Mordor and Orthanc in Isengard. In dialogue written for the film, the wizard Saruman says:

text: "The World is changing. Who now has the strength to stand against the armies of Isengard and Mordor? To stand against the might of Sauron and Saruman ... and the union of the two towers? Together, my Lord Sauron ... we shall rule this Middle-earth."

text: Both The Two Towers and the succeeding film, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, abandoned the parallel storytelling of the volume in favour of a more chronological presentation. The first chapter from the volume actually appears at the end of Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Later events of The Two Towers involving Frodo and Sam were filmed for Jackson's The Return of the King. Other significant changes were made in the plot line, partially to give each of the characters a story arc in which they could develop and change. Although all three of Jackson's films differ from their source material, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers arguably contains the most major alterations.

text: Various games also adapt The Two Towers, including online role-playing games like The Two Towers Mud and graphically oriented console games.


document_title: Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States

question_text: when was the last juvenile executed in the us

text: Pre-Furman history[edit]

text: Since 1642, in the Thirteen Colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the United States under the Constitution, an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the individual states (colonies, before 1776) and the federal government.

text: The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The second youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was Fortune Ferguson in 1927 for rape in Florida. The youngest person ever to be sentenced to death in the United States was James Arcene, a Native American, for his role in a robbery and murder committed when he was ten years old. He was, however, 23 years old when he was actually executed on June 18, 1885.[1]  The last execution of a juvenile was convicted murderer Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under the age of 19 at the time of execution since at least 1964.[2][3]

text: Post-Furman history[edit]

text: Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976[4] when the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty did not violate the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed while they were under the age of 18.  All of the 22 executed individuals were males.  Twenty-one of them were age 17 when the crime occurred; one, Sean Sellers (executed on February 4, 1999, in Oklahoma), was 16 years old when he murdered his mother, stepfather, and a store clerk.

text: Due to the slow process of appeals since 1976, none was actually under the age of 18 at the time of execution.

text: In Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988), the U.S. Supreme Court first held unconstitutional imposition of the death penalty for crime committed aged 15 or younger.

text: But in the 1989 case Stanford v. Kentucky, it upheld capital punishment for crimes committed aged 16 or 17. Justice Scalia's plurality part of his opinion famously criticized Justice Brennan’s dissent by accusing it to "replace judges of the law with a committee of philosopher-kings".[5]

text: Justice O’Connor was the key vote in both cases, being the lone justice to concur in the two.

text: Sixteen years later, Roper v. Simmons overruled Stanford. Justice Kennedy, who concurred to Scalia’s opinion in Stanford, instead wrote the opinion of the court in Roper and became the key vote. Justice O’Connor dissented.

text: Before 2005, of the 38 U.S. states that allow capital punishment:

text:
19 states and the federal government had set a minimum age of 18,
5 states had set a minimum age of 17, and
14 states had explicitly set a minimum age of 16, or were subject to the Supreme Court's imposition of that minimum.

text: At the time of the Roper v. Simmons decision, there were 71 juvenile offenders awaiting execution on death row: 13 in Alabama; four in Arizona; three in Florida; two in Georgia; four in Louisiana; five in Mississippi; one in Nevada; four in North Carolina; two in Pennsylvania; three in South Carolina; 29 in Texas; and one in Virginia.  Detailed summaries of each of these offenders can be found here.

text: [6]In some ways the debate over the death penalty for juveniles is a curious one. Many have pointed out that historically, few juveniles have ever been executed for their crimes. Even when there have been juveniles sentenced to death, few if any executions have actually been carried out. The United States for example, youths under the age of 18 were executed at a rate of 20 to 27 per decade, or about 1.6 to 2.3 percent of all executions from 1880s to the 1920s. This has dropped significantly when only 3 juveniles were executed between January 1977 and November 1986.

text: List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States since 1976[edit]

text:
Number

Date

Name

Age(at Offense)

Age(at Execution)

Sex

State

Method

Source

1

September 11, 1985

Charles Francis Rumbaugh

17

28

M

Texas

Lethal injection

[7]

2

January 10, 1986

James Terry Roach

25

South Carolina

Electrocution

[8]

3

May 15, 1986

Jay Kelly Pinkerton

24

Texas

Lethal injection

[9]

4

May 18, 1990

Dalton Prejean

30

Louisiana

Electrocution

[10]

5

February 11, 1992

Johnny Frank Garrett

28

Texas

Lethal injection

[11]

6

July 1, 1993

Curtis Paul Harris

31

[12]

7

July 28, 1993

Frederick Lashley

29

Missouri

[13]

8

August 24, 1993

Ruben Montoya Cantu

26

Texas

[14]

9

December 7, 1993

Christopher Burger

33

Georgia

Electrocution

[15]

10

April 24, 1998

Joseph John Cannon

38

Texas

Lethal injection

[16]

11

May 18, 1998

Robert Anthony Carter

34

[17]

12

October 14, 1998

Dwayne Allen Wright

24

Virginia

[18]

13

February 5, 1999

Sean Richard Sellers

16

29

Oklahoma

[19]

14

January 10, 2000

Douglas Christopher Thomas

17

26

Virginia

[20]

15

January 13, 2000

Steve Edward Roach

23

[21]

16

January 25, 2000

Glen Charles McGinnis

27

Texas

[22]

17

June 22, 2000

Gary Lee Graham

36

[23]

18

October 22, 2001

Gerald Lee Mitchell

33

[24]

19

May 28, 2002

Napoleon Beazley

25

[25]

20

August 8, 2002

T. J. Jones

[26]

21

August 28, 2002

Toronto Markkey Patterson

24

[27]

22

April 3, 2003

Scott Allen Hain

32

Oklahoma

[28]


document_title: Australia's Next Top Model (cycle 9)

question_text: who won australia's next top model 2015

question_tokens: who won australia 's next top model 2015

text: Australia's Next Top Model (cycle 9)

text: Series summary[edit]

text: This series saw 12 new contestants with a thirteenth cast member added in as a wildcard contestant. In contrast to the former two cycles there was no casting episode this season. A new scoring system was implemented on the show, with models receiving a score on both the challenges and shoots to determine who would go home.[1] This system replaced the show's pervious elimination format, where the name of each contestant was called in order of merit.

text: Requirements[edit]

text: All applying contestants were required to be aged 16 to 21 in order to apply for the show. Those auditioning had to be at least 172 centimetres (68 in) tall. To qualify, all applicants had to be an Australian citizen currently living in Australia. Additional requirements stated that a contestant could not have had previous experience as a model in a national campaign within the last five years, and if a contestant was represented by an agent or a manager, she had to terminate that representation prior to the competition.[6]

text: Auditions[edit]

text: Auditions were held once in Newcastle, Gold Coast, Adelaide and Perth. They were held in two different venues in Sydney and Melbourne.[3][7]

text: In addition to the audition tour, an online selfie competition dubbed 'Australia's Next Top Selfie' was held for models who were unable to show up for the auditions. Applicants were required to submit a photograph tagged #antmselfie on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook. All live audition requirements still applied.[8] The winner of the competition, later revealed on the show to be 18 year-old Zahra Thalari from Sydney, was granted a spot within the final cast.[9][10]

text: Guest judges[edit]

text: Instead of finding a replacement for the late Charlotte Dawson the show opted to include a special guest judge each week. Foxtel Executive Director of Television Brian Walsh explained: "The whole team on the show has been deeply affected by the loss of Charlotte earlier this year. We feel the series will never be the same without her and in 2015 we will welcome a special guest judge each week to join the judging panel as in our minds Charlotte is irreplaceable."[11] The guest judges for this year included Alessandra Ambrosio, Alexandra Agoston, Alyssa Sutherland, Coco Rocha, Elyse Taylor, Jean Paul Gaultier, Kelly Osbourne, Kim Kardashian, Linda Evangelista, Megan Gale, and Tyra Banks.[12][13][14][15][15]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Contestants[edit]

text: (Ages stated are at start of contest)

text:
Contestant
Age
Height
Hometown
Finish
Place

Kaitlyn Bennett[16]
18
175 cm (5 ft 9 in)
Mandurah
Episode 1
13

Cassie Hargrave[17]
18
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
Gold Coast
Episode 2
12

Ayieda Malou[18]
17
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
Perth
Episode 3
11

Phoebe Deskovic[19]
17
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
Sydney
Episode 4
10

Zahra Thalari[20]
18
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
Sydney
Episode 5
9

Tanahya Cohen[21]
18
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
Caloundra
8

Izi Simundic[22]
21
174 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Newcastle
Episode 6
7

Jordan Burridge[23]
17
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
Gold Coast
Episode 7
6

Lauren Ericson[24]
16
176 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
Melbourne
Episode 8
5

Jess Thomas[25]
18
174 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Perth
Episode 9
4

Alex Sinadinovic[26]
18
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
Wollongong
3

Lucy Markovic[27]
16
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
Gold Coast
Episode 10
2

Brittany Beattie[28]
20
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
Whittlesea
1

text: Judges[edit]

text:
Jennifer Hawkins (host)
Alex Perry

text: Other cast members[edit]

text:
Cheyenne Tozzi - mentor
Didier Cohen - mentor

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date

88
1[29][30]
"Episode 1"
30 April 2015 (2015-04-30)

The twelve selected finalists met for the first time, and learned that their tasks throughout the competition would be scored in order to determine who would be eliminated each week. The contestants then took on their first challenge, which consisted of a runway show in front of Australia's fashion elite, and later had to pose in front of the camera for an au naturel black and white photo shoot, mentored by Victoria's Secret model Alessandra Ambrosio.

Special guests: Alessandra Ambrosio
Featured photographer: Gary Heery

89
2[31][32]
"Episode 2"
7 May 2015 (2015-05-07)

The models were paired off as correspondents for the Kardashian Kollection and had to take Instagram selfies in order to impress Kim Kardashian. The winner of the challenge was chosen by Kim to have her photograph posted in her personal instagram account with over 30 million followers, as well as the official Kardashian Kollection instagram. At the shoot, each contestant was assigned a different persona uniquely tailored to their individual personality. After the week's elimination ceremony, Jennifer Hawkins revealed that a new contestant, Zahra, would be entering the competition.

Special guests: Kim Kardashian, Kelly Osbourne
Featured photographer: Nick Scott

90
3[33][34]
"Episode 3"
14 May 2015 (2015-05-14)

The models were flown to Melbourne for a red carpet event and challenge celebrating the opening night of Jean Paul Gaultier's exhibition, where they faced an interview with members of the press regarding their personal style. For the photo shoot the contestants were taken to Hosier Lane, and had to pose wearing gowns designed by Jean Paul Gaultier. Following the elimination ceremony, guest judge Jean Paul Gaultier surprised the group by inviting one of the models to walk in one of his upcoming shows during Paris Fashion week.

Special guests: Jean Paul Gaultier
Featured photographer: Nick Leary

91
4[35][36]
"Episode 4"
21 May 2015 (2015-05-21)

The remaining 10 contestants received makeovers, and had a photo shoot challenge for TRESemmé that doubled as a mock campaign for the brand. The models were later taken to Bondi Beach for a couture swimwear photo shoot with male models, where they were introduced to Elyse Taylor.

Special guests: Joh Bailey, Mineli Galiano, Elyse Taylor
Featured photographer: Travis Grace

92
5[37][38]
"Episode 5"
28 May 2015 (2015-05-28)

The models were divided into teams of three for a challenge in which they had to star in a digital campaign for Jennifer Hawkins' tanning brand, Jbronze. On set for the photo shoot, the contestants were introduced to supermodel Linda Evangelista. Their task was to recreate a 90s white shirt photo, a classic of the era of supermodels.

Special guests: Linda Evangelista
Featured photographer: Pierre Toussaint

93
6[39][40]
"Episode 6"
4 June 2015 (2015-06-04)

The models were challenged to walk in a vertical runway show for Miss Shop Australia to win a shopping spree valued at $5,000 as well as the opportunity of being featured in the S/S 16 Miss Shop launch campaign. The contestants were later driven to Valvoline Raceway to shoot an eight-page editorial that would be published in the pages of Cosmopolitan magazine, and Alexandra Agoston was introduced as the guest judge for the week. Two of the models deadlocked whilst in the bottom two at elimination, and the judges had to vote among themselves in order to break the tie.

Special guests: Nicole Adolphe, Alexandra Agoston
Featured photographer: Richard Freeman

94
7[41][42]
"Episode 7"
11 June 2015 (2015-06-11)

The remaining contestants were taken to the Mazda headquarters in Sydney to become brand ambassadors and spokespersons for the brand. Their challenge consisted of coming up with an exiting sales pitch for the new Mazda 2 to win a cash prize of $5,000. Alyssa Sutherland later posed with the models in a Fight Club inspired photo shoot session, before sitting at panel as the week's guest judge.

Special guests: Alastair Doak, Jaylee Osborne, Alyssa Sutherland
Featured photographer: Simon Upton

95
8[43][44]
"Episode 8"
18 June 2015 (2015-06-18)

The contestants took part in a two-part challenge for Colgate Optic White, consisting of a screen test and a conveyor belt runway show. The winner of the challenge was chosen to front one of Colgate's upcoming campaigns. The theme for that week's photo shoot was a VIP after-party photographed by Georges Antoni. On set, the models were introduced to Megan Gale.

Special guests: Tina Kim, Brad Stapleton, Megan Gale
Featured photographer: Georges Antoni

96
9[45][46]
"Episode 9"
25 June 2015 (2015-06-25)

Jennifer Hawkins announced that the competition would be heading overseas to New York City. The models attended go sees in which they had to impress clients at the offices of Swarovski jewelry and Elle magazine before heading to IMG. The winner of the challenge was chosen to participate in a photo shoot for Swarovski's Multifacets magazine, and received $2,000 worth of jewelry from the brand. Later, the contestants were introduced to supermodel Coco Rocha for a lesson on posing. Former America's Next Top Model judge and The Face host Nigel Barker met the models for a photo shoot in the Meatpacking District of Manhattan wearing conceptual fashion. At panel, it was revealed that only two contestants would advance to the finale.

Special guests: Anne Slowey, Nathalie Colin, David Cunningham, Coco Rocha, Nick Hudson
Featured photographer: Nigel Barker

97
10[47]
"Episode 10"
2 July 2015 (2015-07-02)

The finalists shot for a mock cover and their winning editorial spread to be published in the August issue of Elle Australia. The formerly eliminated contestants returned for a runway show at Carriageworks, where Top Model creator Tyra Banks made an appearance as the cycles' final guest judge. After the runway show, the judges deliberated over the finalists' covers, and Brittany was crowned as the ninth winner of Australia's Next Top Model.

Special guests: Justine Cullen, Tyra Banks
Featured photographer: Pierre Toussaint

text: Results[edit]

text: (Total and average scores on the table only reflect scores calculated from the full sets added during panel)

text:
Place
Model
Episode scores
Total score
Average

1
2
3[a]
4
5[b]
6[c]
7
8
9[d]
10

1
Brittany
32
27
34
33.5
34
29
33
35
32
30
319.5
31.95

2
Lucy
28
33
29.5
29
34.5
25.5
36.5
36
29.5
29
310.5
31.05

3
Alex
35
31.5
30.5
32.5
29.5
29.5
34
35.5
29

287
31.89

4
Jess
28.5
28.5
26
35
34.5
26.5
32.5
32
28.5

272
30.22

5
Lauren
26
28
34
28.5
34.5
27
34.5
30.5

242.5
30.31

6
Jordan
24
28
25.5
31
35.5
26.5
30

200.5
28.64

7
Izi
31.5
30
28.5
32.5
30.5
25.5

178.5
29.75

8
Tanahya
30
29.5
28
23
27.5

138
27.60

9
Zahra

23.5
23.5
26.5

73.5
24.50

10
Phoebe
25
24
28
22

99
24.75

11
Ayieda
30.5
29
22

81.5
27.17

12
Cassie
22
22.5

44.5
22.25

13
Kaitlyn
20.5

20.5
20.50

text: Viewership[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Overnight ratings
Ref(s)

Viewers
Rank

1
Episode 1
30 April 2015
123,000
1
[48]

2
Episode 2
7 May 2015
68,000
4
[49]

3
Episode 3
14 May 2015
105,000
1
[50]

4
Episode 4
21 May 2015
88,000
2
[51]

5
Episode 5
28 May 2015
103,000
2
[52]

6
Episode 6
4 June 2015
106,000
1
[53]

7
Episode 7
11 June 2015
96,000
1
[54]

8
Episode 8
18 June 2015
115,000
2
[55]

9
Episode 9
25 June 2015
111,000
3
[56]

10
Episode 10
2 July 2015
139,000
2
[57]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ In episode 3, Brittany and Lauren tied for highest score. Zahra entered the competition at the end of panel in episode 2, and therefore didn't receive her first score until this episode.
Jump up ^ In episode 5, there was a double elimination. Zahra was eliminated after she placed lower than Alex on the leaderboard, who was last at the time. Despite scoring higher than Zahra, Tanahya was also unable to score higher than Alex.
Jump up ^ In episode 6, Izi and Lucy had a tied lowest score of 25.5, and the judges had to vote to save one of them from elimination. Jen and Alex voted to save Lucy, giving her 2/3 of the votes required to stay safe and eliminating Izi from the competition.
Jump up ^ In episode 9, there was a double elimination. Jess was eliminated after Lucy placed above her on the leaderboard. Despite scoring higher than Jess, Alex was unable to score higher than Lucy.