document_title: M*A*S*H (TV series)

question_text: where was the tv series mash filmed at

question_tokens: where was the tv series mash filmed at

text: M*A*S*H (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: M*A*S*H aired weekly on CBS, with most episodes being a half-hour (25 minutes) in length. The series is usually categorized as a situation comedy, though it is also described as a "dark comedy" or a "dramedy" because of the dramatic subject material often presented.[a]

text: The show was an ensemble piece revolving around key personnel in a United States Army Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) in the Korean War (1950–1953). (The asterisks in the name are not part of military nomenclature and were creatively introduced in the novel and used in only the posters for the movie version, not the actual movie.)[clarification needed] The "4077th MASH" was one of several surgical units in Korea.

text: As the show developed, the writing took on more of a moralistic tone. Richard Hooker, who wrote the book on which the television and film versions were based, noted that Hawkeye's character was far more liberal in the show than on the page (in one of the MASH books, Hawkeye makes reference to "kicking the bejesus out of lefties just to stay in shape"). While the show is traditionally viewed as a comedy, many episodes were of a more serious tone. Airing on network primetime while the Vietnam War was still going on, the show was forced to walk the fine line of commenting on that war while at the same time not seeming to protest against it. For this reason, the show's discourse, under the cover of comedy, often questioned, mocked, and grappled with America's role in the Cold War.

text: Episodes were both plot- and character-driven, with several episodes being narrated by one of the show's characters as the contents of a letter home. The show's tone could move from silly to sobering from one episode to the next, with dramatic tension often occurring between the civilian draftees of 4077th – Hawkeye, Trapper John, and B.J. Hunnicutt, for example – who are forced to leave their homes to tend the wounded and dying of the war, and the "regular Army" characters, such as Margaret Houlihan and Colonel Potter, who tend to represent ideas of patriotism and duty (though Houlihan and Potter could represent the other perspective at times, as well). Other characters, such as Col. Blake, Maj. Winchester, and Cpl. Klinger, help demonstrate various American civilian attitudes toward army life, while guest characters played by such actors as Eldon Quick, Herb Voland, Mary Wickes, and Tim O'Connor also help further the show's discussion of America's place as Cold War warmaker and peacemaker.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text: M*A*S*H maintained a relatively constant ensemble cast, with four characters  – Hawkeye, Father Mulcahy, Margaret Houlihan, and Max Klinger  – on the show for all 11 seasons. Several other main characters departed or joined the program midway through its run. Also, numerous guest actors and recurring characters were used. The writers found creating so many names difficult, and used names from elsewhere; for example, characters on the seventh season were named after the 1978 Los Angeles Dodgers.[1]

text: Note: Character appearances include double-length episodes as two appearances, making 260 in total.

text:
Character
Actor/actress
Rank
Role
Appearances

Hawkeye Pierce
Alan Alda
Captain
Chief surgeon
251

Margaret "Hot Lips" Houlihan
Loretta Swit
Major
Head nurse,
temporary adjutant
243

Max Klinger
(Recurring seasons 1–3, regular 4–11)
Jamie Farr
Corporal,
later sergeant
Corpsman,
later company clerk
219

Father Mulcahy
(recurring seasons 1–4, regular 5–11)
George Morgan (pilot episode), replaced by William Christopher
First lieutenant,
later captain
Chaplain
218

Trapper John McIntyre
(seasons 1–3)
Wayne Rogers
Captain
Surgeon
72 + 1 uncredited voiceover ("Welcome to Korea")

Henry Blake
(seasons 1–3)
McLean Stevenson
Lieutenant colonel
Commanding officer,
surgeon
70

Frank Burns
(seasons 1–5)
Larry Linville
Major,
later lieutenant colonel (off-screen)
Surgeon, executive officer
temporary commanding officer (following the death of Henry Blake)
118

Radar O'Reilly
(seasons 1–8)
Gary Burghoff
Corporal
(one episode as second lieutenant due to falsified promotion)
Company clerk,
bugler
156

B. J. Hunnicutt
(replaced Trapper;
seasons 4–11)
Mike Farrell
Captain
Surgeon
187

Sherman Potter
(replaced Henry Blake;
Seasons 4–11)
Harry Morgan
Colonel
Commanding officer (after Lt. Col. Blake),
surgeon
188

Charles Emerson Winchester III
(replaced Frank Burns;
seasons 6–11)
David Ogden Stiers
Major
Surgeon, executive officer (after Major Burns)
137

text: Main character timeline[edit]

text: Cast pictures[edit]

text:
The cast of M*A*S*H from Season 2, 1974 (clockwise from left): Loretta Swit, Larry Linville, Wayne Rogers, Gary Burghoff, McLean Stevenson, and Alan Alda

The cast of M*A*S*H from season 8 onwards (clockwise from left): Mike Farrell, William Christopher, Jamie Farr, David Ogden Stiers, Loretta Swit, Alan Alda, and Harry Morgan

text: Character development[edit]

text: During the first season, Hawkeye's, Trapper's, and Frank's bunkmate was an African-American character called Spearchucker Jones, played by actor Timothy Brown. (Brown appeared in the film version as a corporal, while neurosurgeon Dr. Oliver Harmon "Spearchucker" Jones was played by former NFL player Fred Williamson.) The reason given by the studio for the character's disappearance after the episode "Germ Warfare" was that no record existed of African-American doctors serving in Korea during the Korean War.[2] According to the memoirs of Harold Secor, a doctor working at the 8055th MASH unit, on which M*A*S*H is based, at least one African-American doctor did serve in Korea during the Korean War.[3]

text: This section, on down, needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Chaplain of the 4077 unit, Father Mulcahy plays the piano and likes to feel needed. He is a fairly good amateur boxer and poker player, and at one stage takes up jogging. A recurring storyline throughout the series has him visiting and bringing supplies to local orphanages. An episode in season 7, "Dear Sis", is filmed from his point of view, as he struggles with feeling useless at the 4077th. William Christopher plays Mulcahy, replacing actor George Morgan, who played Father Mulcahy in the pilot episode. Dago Red, Mulcahy's nickname from the book and film, was shortened to "Red" for television and used by Trapper John in the pilot episode and by Hawkeye in "Dear Dad" and was dropped. Starting in season 4, Colonel Potter started calling Mulcahy "padre", and that nickname kept for the rest of the series, even mentioning it once in the series finale "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen". Mulcahy was promoted to captain in the episode "Captains Outrageous" after several attempts in previous seasons. Before the promotion, he was a first lieutenant.

text: In the finale ("Goodbye, Farewell and Amen"), Father Mulcahy tells Klinger that his full name is Francis John Patrick Mulcahy, in case Klinger might want to name any of his children after him. Also, in the eighth-season episode "Nurse Doctor", he gives his full name as Francis John Patrick Mulcahy. Yet, in all other episodes, his name was John Patrick Francis Mulcahy, and he just wanted others to call him by his confirmation name, Francis.

text: By season 3 (1974–1975), McLean Stevenson had begun chafing at what he considered to be a supporting role to Alan Alda and Wayne Rogers. Midway through the season, he informed the producers that he wanted to leave M*A*S*H. With ample time to prepare a "Goodbye, Henry" show, it was decided that Henry Blake would be discharged and sent home for the season 3 finale, which aired on Tuesday, March 18, 1975. In the final scene of his last episode ("Abyssinia, Henry"), Radar tearfully reports that Henry's plane has been shot down over the Sea of Japan, and there were no survivors. This part of the script was kept secret from the cast. The producers wanted the reaction to be as much of a surprise as possible. Originally, the episode was written with Henry making it home, but the writers wanted to show that it was war and people may not make it home.

text: Wayne Rogers ("Trapper" John McIntyre) was planning to return for season 4, but abruptly withdrew over a disagreement about his contract. Rogers had a dislike of having a supporting role for Alda, and had been threatening to leave since season 1.[4] His departure was unexpected and, unlike that of McLean Stevenson, no onscreen farewell was used. Rogers felt his character was never given any real importance and that all the focus was on Alda's character, Hawkeye Pierce.

text: Rogers's replacement, Mike Farrell, was hastily recruited during the 1975 summer production hiatus. In the season's first episode, "Welcome to Korea", Hawkeye is informed by Radar that Trapper was transferred to a "stateside" assignment while Hawkeye was on leave, and B.J. Hunnicutt is Trapper's replacement. Trapper was described by Radar as being so jubilant over his release that "he got drunk for two days, and then he ran naked through the mess tent with no clothes on." He made Radar promise to give Hawkeye a kiss as a final farewell message.

text: Actor Pernell Roberts later played a middle-aged Trapper in the seven-year run of Trapper John, M.D.

text: In the third episode of the fourth season, "Change of Command", Col. Sherman T. Potter arrives at the unit to assume command, replacing Frank Burns, who had taken over as commander after Blake's departure (season 3, episode 24). Harry Morgan, who played Potter, had previously guest-starred in the first episode of season 3, "The General Flipped at Dawn", as General Hamilton Steele.

text: Colonel Potter is a regular Army man, having served in both World War I and World War II, first in the cavalry and later as a doctor. He is passionate about horses, and keeps an old US Cavalry issue McClellan saddle in his office, which is later put to use when he acquires a horse, when Radar gives one to him for his wedding anniversary, after B.J. and Hawkeye are unable to catch it. This horse, which remained with Col. Potter until the end of the series, was referred to as a colt (Potter remarks, "He can't be more than four years old") in its first appearance, after which it is named "Sophie" and referred to as a mare. In his spare time, Potter also enjoys painting.

text: When Margaret Houlihan became engaged to a fellow officer, Lt. Col. Donald Penobscot, she had a falling-out with Frank; she became much friendlier toward Hawkeye and B.J., and her subordinate nurses. She later married Penobscot, but the union did not last long. The "Hot Lips" nickname was rarely used to describe her after about the midway point in the series. In early seasons she speaks of the war in glowing terms, and the potential end of it as a negative thing, but by "Temporary Duty", when a friend comments that the war can't last forever, she says, "It already has." Later, she regards it as major factor in her eventual divorce, crying, "It's my fault. Look at the place I picked to have a marriage." Loretta Swit wanted to leave the series in the eighth season to pursue other acting roles (most notably the part of Christine Cagney on Cagney & Lacey), but the producers refused to let her out of her contract. Swit originated the Cagney role in the made-for-TV movie that served as that pilot of the series.

text: Larry Linville noted that his "Frank Burns" character was easier to make light of after head comedy writer Larry Gelbart departed after season 4 and Frank and Margaret parted ways in season 5. After season 4, Linville realized that he had taken Frank Burns as far as he could, and he decided that since he had signed a five-year contract, he would leave the series after season 5.[4] During the first episode of season 6, "Fade Out, Fade In", Burns (off camera) suffers a nervous breakdown due to Margaret's marriage and is held for psychiatric evaluation. Hawkeye offered a toast to Frank's departure, pausing only a moment, then stating "Goodbye, Ferret Face." In an unexpected twist, Burns is transferred to an Indiana Veterans Administration hospital, near his home in Fort Wayne,[5] and is promoted to lieutenant colonel – in a sense, Frank's parting shot at Hawkeye. Unlike McLean Stevenson and Wayne Rogers, Linville had no regrets about leaving the series, saying, "I felt I had done everything possible with the character."[4] Linville was not alone when he left; Executive Producer Gene Reynolds left after the production of season 5, and Burt Metcalfe and star Alan Alda took over the producing responsibilities. During season 6, Alda and Metcalfe even consulted Reynolds once a week, mainly to obtain help with their jobs as executive producers. These two men remained as executive producers for the remaining six seasons, as Reynolds was credited as a creative consultant along with Alan Alda.

text: Frank Burns had four different middle names during his time on the show: W. (on the punching bag in "Requiem for a Lightweight"), D., X., and Marion.

text: Charles Emerson Winchester III (David Ogden Stiers) was brought in as an antagonist of sorts to the other surgeons, but his relationship with them was not as acrimonious, although he was a more able foil. Unlike Frank Burns, Winchester did not care for the Army. His resentment stemmed, in part, from the fact that he was transferred from Tokyo General Hospital to the 4077th due, in part, to a cribbage debt owed to him by his commanding officer, Lt. Col. Horace Baldwin. What set him apart from Burns as an antagonist for Hawkeye and B.J. was that Winchester was clearly an excellent, technically superior surgeon, although his work sometimes suffered from his excessive perfectionism when rapid "meatball surgery" was called for. As with many new MASH surgeons, Winchester took some time to wrap his head around the fact that faster, less precise work saved lives that more elegant, slower work might cost.

text: Winchester was respected by the others professionally, but at the same time, as a Boston blue blood, he was also snobbish, as when he stated in the scrub room, "I do one thing at a time, I do it very well, and then I move on," which drove much of his conflict with the other characters. Still, the show's writers occasionally allowed Winchester's humanity to shine through, such as in his dealings with a young concert pianist who had partially lost the use of his right hand, the protection of a stuttering soldier from the bullying of other soldiers (it is revealed later that Winchester's sister Honoria stutters),[6] his keeping a vigil with Hawkeye when Hawkeye's father went into surgery back in the States ("Sons and Bowlers"), his willingness to be officer of the day for Hawkeye when Hawkeye was offered three days in Seoul, giving blood to a patient even though he already donated blood five days earlier, or his continuing a family tradition of anonymously giving Christmas treats to an orphanage. Winchester subjects himself to condemnation after realizing that "it is sadly inappropriate to offer dessert to a child who has had no meal." Isolating himself, he is saved by Klinger's own gift of understanding. Klinger scrapes together a Christmas dinner for Charles, with the provision that the source of the gift remain anonymous (Klinger had overheard Winchester's argument with the manager of the orphanage). For the final moment of the episode ("Death Takes a Holiday"), the two are simply friends as Charles says, "Thank you, Max," and Klinger replies, "Merry Christmas, Charles." As well, in the series finale "Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen", Charles comes across a group of Chinese musicians who surrender to him. When Charles takes them back to the camp as prisoners of war and later listens to his record of Mozart's Quintet in A major for Clarinet and Strings, K. 581, the musicians attempt to play the piece of music. Charles, ever the perfectionist, cannot stand to hear them play the piece incorrectly (and is impressed that they can even attempt to play the music after only hearing it once) and spends the next week conducting them on how to play the piece properly. During this time, Charles is forced to use the little patience that he rarely shows. When the Chinese musicians are taken off to a prisoner of war camp in a prisoner exchange to Charles' dismay and protest, their final goodbye to Charles is the Mozart piece played correctly. Later, one of the musicians returns to the camp mortally wounded on a Jeep. When Charles inquires as to where the other musicians are, it's revealed that the truck the musicians were on was ambushed and that there were no other survivors. In a combination of shock and disbelief, Charles returns to The Swamp to listen to the Mozart record, but removes the record and smashes it in anger. Later still on the final night that everyone at the M*A*S*H is together, Charles says that before the war, music was a stress reliever to him, but because of the Chinese musicians and their fate, music will forever be a reminder of the horrors of war.

text: Radar's first name is stated as Walter, and once (in "Fade Out, Fade In"), he introduces himself by his full name to Charles Emerson Winchester III as "Walter Eugene O'Reilly". The book says his name is J. Robespierre, and his first name is not revealed in the film. Radar O'Reilly was fraudulently "promoted" for a short time (through a semi-intentional machination of Hawkeye and B.J.) to second lieutenant, but discovered he disliked officers' duties and asked them to "bust" him back to corporal. Gary Burghoff, one of only two cast members of the original 1970 film to play the same character in the TV series, had been growing restless in his role since at least season 4. With each successive year, he appeared in fewer episodes; and by season 7, Radar is in barely half of the shows. Burghoff planned to leave at the end of the seventh season (in 1979), but was convinced by producers Alda and Metcalfe to wait until the beginning of season 8, when they filmed a two-part farewell episode, "Good Bye, Radar" (originally intended to be the seventh season's finale), as well as a few short scenes that were inserted into episodes preceding it (Radar is shown having a horrible R & R in Tokyo). The final nod to Radar came in the penultimate episode of the series, "As Time Goes By", when his iconic teddy bear (though it was a different bear than was used throughout the show) was included in a time capsule of the 4077th initiated by Margaret, which Hawkeye says is a symbol of those who "came as boys and went home as men."

text: Max Klinger also grew away from the cross-dressing reputation that overshadowed him. He dropped his Section 8 pursuit when taking over from Radar as company clerk. Both Jamie Farr and the producers felt that there was more to Klinger than a chiffon dress, and tried to develop the character more fully. In the role of company clerk, Klinger's personality turned more to the "wheeler-dealer" aspects developed in the streets of (Farr's actual hometown) Toledo, Ohio, using those skills to aid the 4077th. Farr stayed throughout the rest of the series. Klinger was later promoted from corporal to sergeant (he and Father Mulcahy were the only two characters to be promoted on-screen in the entire series; Frank Burns received his promotion off-screen after having left the series). In the final episode, Klinger is, ironically, the only character who announces that he is staying in Korea. He wants to help his wife, Soon Lee, find her parents. (He and Soon Lee marry at the end of the episode.) When Klinger announces that he is staying in Korea, Hawkeye says, "You don't have to act crazy now. We're all getting out!" However, in the short-lived spin-off, AfterMASH, it becomes clear that soon after the end of the war, Klinger, with new wife Soon Lee (Rosalind Chao), returned to the United States. After Soon Lee was subjected to discrimination in Toledo, the Klingers moved to River Bend, Missouri, and Max got a job similar to that he had had as the 4077th's company clerk for Chief of Staff Dr. Sherman Potter, now head of the General Pershing VA Hospital there.

text: Throughout the series, Klinger frequently introduces himself by his full name, Maxwell Q. Klinger, but never says what the Q. stands for.

text: B.J.'s real name is the subject of an episode's secondary plot line. Hawkeye goes to extreme lengths to learn what "B.J." stands for, but all official paperwork concerning his friend indicates that B.J. really is his first name. Toward the end of the episode, B.J. (in explaining who gave him his name) says, "My mother, Bea Hunnicut, and my father, Jay Hunnicut." A recurring joke in that episode is that upon being asked what B.J. stands for, B.J. merely replies, "Anything you want." Mike Farrell asked that his character's daughter's name be Erin, after his real-life daughter (the character's name was originally going to be Melissa). When B.J. spoke on the telephone on-camera, Erin or his then-wife Judy were on the other end.

text: Character injuries[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Three MASH 4077 staff members suffered fatalities on the show: Lieutenant Colonel Blake, when the plane taking him back to the States was shot down over the Sea of Japan; an ambulance driver, O'Donnell, in a traffic accident; and a nurse, Millie Carpenter, by a land mine. "Capt. Tuttle", an imaginary person made up by Hawkeye to provide money for Sister Teresa's orphanage, was said to have died when he jumped from a helicopter without a parachute; Hawkeye gave him an ironic eulogy.

text: Among those wounded were Hawkeye Pierce ("Hawkeye", "Out of Sight, Out of Mind", "Comrades in Arms [Part I]", "Good-Bye, Radar [Part I]", and "Lend a Hand"), Radar O'Reilly ("Fallen Idol"), B.J. Hunnicutt ("The Abduction of Margaret Houlihan" and "Operation Friendship"), Max Klinger ("It Happened One Night", "Baby, It's Cold Outside", and "Operation Friendship"), Father Mulcahy ("Goodbye, Farewell and Amen" and "Bombed"), and Sherman Potter ("Dear Ma"). Henry Blake was injured four times: once by a disgruntled chopper pilot ("Cowboy"), once by friendly fire ("The Army-Navy Game"), and in season 3, episode 15 ("Bombed"), Henry is injured when he is blown up while in the latrine. (The gag of Blake being caught in an exploding latrine is also in the episode "Cowboy".) Henry is also injured when the latrine catches fire. Father Mulcahy is given a concussion on two separate occasions – first in the episode "Bombed", where he is in the latrine stall next to Blake when it is blown up; and again in "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen" when he is knocked out by mortar fire which strikes close by him; he also suffers severe hearing loss as a result of this incident. Frank Burns is twice awarded Purple Hearts for spurious injuries: throwing his back out after he gave Margaret a dip and could not move – which was later covered up with a story that he slipped on the way to the showers ("Sometimes You Hear the Bullet", 1.17), and getting an egg-shell fragment in the eye ("The Kids", 4.8). Burns' Purple Heart medals were then given to more deserving people: a GI who was admitted with appendicitis and a Korean newborn infant who was hit by a bullet in utero.

text: At least three permanent 4077 personnel suffered emotional breakdowns: Hawkeye Pierce ("Goodbye, Farewell and Amen"), B.J. Hunnicutt ("Period of Adjustment"), and Frank Burns ("Fade Out, Fade In").

text: Guest cast[edit]

text: Production[edit]

text: Writing[edit]

text: As the series progressed, it made a significant shift from being primarily a comedy with dramatic undertones to a drama with comedic undertones. This was a result of changes in writing and production staff, rather than the cast defections of McLean Stevenson, Larry Linville, Wayne Rogers and Gary Burghoff. Series co-creator and joke writer Larry Gelbart departed after Season 4, the first featuring Mike Farrell and Harry Morgan. This resulted in Farrell and Morgan having only a single season reading scripts featuring Gelbart's masterful comic timing, which defined the feel and rhythm of Seasons 1–4 featuring predecessors Rogers and Stevenson, respectively. Larry Linville (the show's comic foil) and Executive Producer Gene Reynolds both departed at the conclusion of Season 5 in 1977, resulting in M*A*S*H being fully stripped of its original tight comedic foundation by the beginning of Season 6 — the debut of the Charles Winchester era.[4]

text: Whereas Gelbart and Reynolds were the comedic voice of M*A*S*H for the show's first five seasons (1972–1977), Alan Alda and newly promoted Executive Producer Burt Metcalfe became the new dramatic voice of M*A*S*H for Seasons 6–11. By the start of Season 8 (1979–1980), the writing staff had been completely overhauled, and with the departure of Gary Burghoff, M*A*S*H displayed a distinctively different feel, consciously moving between comedy and drama, unlike the seamless integration of its first five years.

text: The end of the Vietnam War in 1975 was a significant factor as to why storylines become less political in nature and more character driven. Several episodes also experimented with the sitcom format:

text:
"Point of View" – shown from the perspective of a soldier with a throat wound
"Dreams" – an idea of Alda's, where during a deluge of casualties, members of the 4077 take naps on a rotation basis, allowing the viewer to see the simultaneously lyrical and disturbing dreams
"A War For All Seasons" – features a storyline that takes place over the course of 1951
"Life Time" – a precursor to the American television series 24, it utilizes the real time method of narration[4]

text: Another change was the infusion of story lines based on actual events and medical developments that materialized during the Korean War. Considerable research was done by the producers, including interviews with actual MASH surgeons and personnel to develop story lines rooted in the war itself. Such early 1950s events as the McCarthy era, various sporting events, and the stardom of Marilyn Monroe were all incorporated into various episodes, a trend that continued until the end of the series.[4]

text: While the series remained popular through these changes, it eventually began to run out of creative steam. Korean War doctors regularly contacted producers with experiences that they thought might make for a good storyline, only to learn the idea had previously been used. Harry Morgan admitted that he felt "the cracks were starting to show" by season 9 (1980–1981).[4] Alda wished to make season 10 (1981-1982) M*A*S*H's last, but was persuaded by CBS to produce a slightly shortened 11th season, coupled with a farewell movie finale, because CBS refused to let the show go away so easily. In the end, season 11 had 15 episodes (although six had been filmed during season 10 and held over) and a 2-1/2 hour movie, which was treated as five episodes and was filmed before the nine remaining episodes. The final episode ever produced was the penultimate episode "As Time Goes By". The series finale movie, titled "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen", became the most-watched television broadcast in history, tallying a total of 125 million viewers.[4]

text: Set location[edit]

text: The 4077th consisted of two separate sets. An outdoor set in the mountains near Malibu, California (Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California) was used for most exterior and tent scenes for every season. This was the same set used to shoot the movie. The indoor set, on a sound stage at Fox Studios in Century City, was used for the indoor scenes for the run of the series. Later, after the indoor set was renovated to permit many of the "outdoor" scenes to be filmed there, both sets were used for exterior shooting as script requirements dictated (e.g., night scenes were far easier to film on the sound stage, but scenes at the chopper pad required using the ranch).

text: Just as the series was wrapping production, a brush fire destroyed most of the outdoor set on October 9, 1982. The fire was written into the final episode as a forest fire caused by enemy incendiary bombs that forced the 4077th to bug out.

text: The Malibu location is today known as Malibu Creek State Park. Formerly called the Century Ranch and owned by 20th Century Fox Studios until the 1980s, the site today is returning to a natural state, and is marked by a rusted Jeep and an ambulance used in the show. Through the 1990s, the area was occasionally used for television commercial production.

text: On February 23, 2008, series stars Mike Farrell, Loretta Swit and William Christopher (along with producers Gene Reynolds and Burt Metcalfe and M*A*S*H director Charles S. Dubin) reunited at the set to celebrate its partial restoration. The rebuilt signpost is now displayed on weekends, along with tent markers and maps and photos of the set. The state park is open to the public. It was also the location where the film How Green Was My Valley (1941) and the Planet of the Apes television series (1974) were filmed, among other productions.

text: Smithsonian exhibit[edit]

text: The exhibit M*A*S*H: Binding Up the Wounds was at the National Museum of American History from July 30, 1983 through February 3, 1985. The exhibit was extremely popular drawing more than 17,000 in a single week, a record for any Smithsonian display.[7]

text: On exhibit were The Swamp and Operating Room sets, one of the show’s 14 Emmy Awards, early drafts of the pilot script, costumes from the show and other memorabilia. Sets were decorated with props from the show including the iconic signpost, Hawkeye's still and Major Winchester's Webcor tape recorder and phonograph. The exhibit also encouraged visitors to compare the show to real Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals of the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. [8][9]

text: Radar's teddy bear, originally found at the ranch set, was never on display at the Smithsonian. Following completion of production, the prop was kept by the show's set designer. It was sold several times including to Burghoff himself.[10] It was sold at auction on July 29, 2005 for $11,800, it sold again on March 27, 2015 for $14,307.50 after 19 bids.[11]

text: Content[edit]

text: M*A*S*H was one of the first network series to feature brief partial nudity (notably Gary Burghoff's buttocks in "The Sniper" and Hawkeye in one of the "Dear Dad" episodes). A different innovation was the show's producers' desire not to have a laugh track, contrary to the network's desire to have one. They compromised by omitting laughter in the scenes set in the operating room. The DVD releases of the series allow viewers to select an audio version with no laugh track.

text: In his blog, writer Ken Levine revealed that on one occasion, when the cast offered too many nitpicking "notes" on a script, his writing partner and he changed the script to a "cold show" – one set during the frigid Korean winter. The cast then had to stand around barrel fires in parkas at the Malibu ranch when the temperatures neared 100 °F (38 °C). Levine says, "This happened maybe twice, and we never got a ticky-tack note again."[12]

text: Jackie Cooper wrote that Alan Alda, whom Cooper directed in several episodes during the first two seasons, concealed a lot of hostility beneath the surface, and the two of them barely spoke to each other by the time Cooper’s tenure on the show ended.[13]

text: Vehicles[edit]

text: The helicopters used on the series were model H-13 Sioux (military designation and nickname of the Bell 47 civilian model). As in the film, some care seems to have been taken to use the correct model of the long-lived Bell 47 series. In the opening credits and many of the episodes, Korean War-vintage H-13Ds and Es (Bell 47D-1s) were used complete with period-correct external litters. A later (1954–73) 47G occasionally made an appearance. The helicopters are similar in appearance (with the later "G" models having larger two-piece fuel tanks, a slightly revised cabin, and other changes) with differences noticeable only to a serious helicopter fan. In the pilot episode, a later Bell 47J (production began in 1957) was shown flying Henry Blake to Seoul, en route to a meeting with General Hammond in Tokyo.[14] A Sud Aviation Allouette II helicopter was also shown transporting Henry Blake to the 4077th in the episode "Henry, Please Come Home".

text: The Jeeps used were 1953 military M38 or civil CJ2A Willys Jeeps and also World War II Ford GPWs and Willys MB's. Two episodes featured the M38A1 Jeep, one of which was stolen from a General by Radar and Hawkeye after their Jeep was stolen. Two of the ambulances were WC-54 Dodges and one was a WC-27. A WC-54 ambulance remains at the site and was burned in the Malibu fires on October 9, 1982, while a second WC-27 survives at a South El Monte museum without any markings. The bus used to transport the wounded was a 1954 Ford model. In the last season, an M43 ambulance from the Korean War era also was used in conjunction with the WC-54s and WC-27.

text:
Burned Dodge ambulance at Malibu Creek State Park

Burned Jeep (most likely an M38) at Malibu Creek State Park

text: Laugh track[edit]

text: Series creators Larry Gelbart and Gene Reynolds wanted M*A*S*H broadcast without a laugh track ("Just like the actual Korean War", he remarked dryly). Though CBS initially rejected the idea, a compromise was reached that allowed for omitting the laughter during operating room scenes if desired. Seasons 1–5 utilized a more invasive laugh track; a more subdued audience was employed for Seasons 6–11 when the series shifted from sitcom to comedy-drama with the departure of Gelbart and Reynolds. Several episodes ("O.R.", "The Bus", "Quo Vadis, Captain Chandler?", "The Interview", "Point of View" and "Dreams" among them) omitted the laugh track altogether; as did almost all of Season 11, including the 135-minute series finale, "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen".[15] The laugh track is also omitted from some international and syndicated airings of the show; on one occasion during an airing on BBC2, the laugh track was accidentally left on, and viewers expressed their displeasure, an apology from the network for the "technical difficulty" was later released, as during its original run on BBC2 in the UK, it was shown without the laugh track. UK DVD critics speak poorly of the laugh track, stating "canned laughter is intrusive at the best of times, but with a programme like M*A*S*H, it's downright unbearable."[16]

text: On all released DVDs, both in Region 1 (including the U.S. and Canada) and Region 2 (Europe, including the UK), an option is given to watch the show with or without the laugh track.[17][18]

text: "They're a lie," said Gelbart in a 1992 interview. "You're telling an engineer when to push a button to produce a laugh from people who don't exist. It's just so dishonest. The biggest shows when we were on the air were All in the Family and The Mary Tyler Moore Show both of which were taped before a live studio audience where laughter made sense," continued Gelbart. "But our show was a film show – supposedly shot in the middle of Korea. So the question I always asked the network was, 'Who are these laughing people? Where did they come from?'" Gelbart persuaded CBS to test the show in private screenings with and without the laugh track. The results showed no measurable difference in the audience's enjoyment. "So you know what they said?" Gelbart said. "'Since there's no difference, let's leave it alone!' The people who defend laugh tracks have no sense of humor."[15] Gelbart summed up the situation by saying, "I always thought it cheapened the show. The network got their way. They were paying for dinner."[19]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[20]

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Rating

1
24
September 17, 1972 (1972-09-17)
March 25, 1973 (1973-03-25)
N/A
N/A

2
24
September 15, 1973 (1973-09-15)
March 2, 1974 (1974-03-02)
4
25.7

3
24
September 10, 1974 (1974-09-10)
March 18, 1975 (1975-03-18)
5
27.4

4
25
September 12, 1975 (1975-09-12)
February 24, 1976 (1976-02-24)
14
22.9[b]

5
25
September 21, 1976 (1976-09-21)
March 15, 1977 (1977-03-15)
4
25.9

6
25
September 20, 1977 (1977-09-20)
March 27, 1978 (1978-03-27)
8
23.2[c]

7
26
September 18, 1978 (1978-09-18)
March 12, 1979 (1979-03-12)
7
25.4

8
25
September 17, 1979 (1979-09-17)
March 24, 1980 (1980-03-24)
4
25.3[c]

9
20
November 17, 1980 (1980-11-17)
May 4, 1981 (1981-05-04)
4
25.7

10
22
October 26, 1981 (1981-10-26)
April 12, 1982 (1982-04-12)
9
22.3

11
16
October 25, 1982 (1982-10-25)
February 28, 1983 (1983-02-28)
3
22.6[d]

text:
Jump up ^ The term "dramedy" (drama + comedy), although coined in 1978, was not in common usage until after M*A*S*H had gone off the air.
Jump up ^ Tied with The Waltons
^ Jump up to: a b Tied with Alice
Jump up ^ Tied with Magnum, P.I.

text: Final episode: "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen"[edit]

text: "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen" was the final episode of M*A*S*H. Special television sets were placed in PX parking lots, auditoriums, and dayrooms of the U.S. Army in Korea so that military personnel could watch that episode, in spite of 14 hours' time-zone difference with the East Coast of the U.S. The episode aired on February 28, 1983, and was 2½ hours long. The episode got a Nielsen rating of 60.2 and 77 share[21] and according to a New York Times article from 1983, the final episode of M*A*S*H had 125 million viewers.[22]

text: When the M*A*S*H finale aired in 1983, 83.3 million homes in the United States had televisions, compared to almost 115 million in February 2010.[23]

text: "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen" broke the record for the highest percentage of homes with television sets to watch a television series. Stories persist that the episode was seen by so many people that the New York City Sanitation/Public Works Department reported the plumbing systems broke down in some parts of the city from so many New Yorkers waiting until the end to use the toilet. Articles copied into Alan Alda's book The Last Days of M*A*S*H include interviews with New York City Sanitation workers citing the spike in water use on that night. According to the interviews at 11:03 pm, EST New York City public works noted the highest water usage at one given time in the City's history. They attributed this to the fact that in the three minutes after the finale ended, around 77% of the people of New York City flushed their toilets.[24] These stories have all since been identified as part of an urban legend dating back to the days of the Amos and Andy radio program in the 1930s.[25]

text: The finale was referenced in a passage from Stephen Chbosky's coming-of-age novel The Perks of Being a Wallflower, in which the main character and his family watch the finale together.[26]

text: International broadcast[edit]

text:
Australia - Network Ten (1973–1998), Seven Network (1999–2011), One (2011–2017), 7TWO (2018–)
UK - BBC Two - (1984-1995)
Ireland - RTÉ2 - (1985-1996)

text: And many more international broadcasts.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings and recognition[edit]

text: The series premiered in the U.S. on September 17, 1972, and ended on February 28, 1983, with the finale, showcased as a television film, titled "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen", becoming the most-watched and highest-rated single television episode in U.S. television history at the time, with a record-breaking 125 million viewers (60.2 rating and 77 share),[27] according to the New York Times.[22] It had struggled in its first season and was at risk of being cancelled.[28] Season two of M*A*S*H placed it in a better time slot (airing after the popular All in the Family); the show became one of the top 10 programs of the year and stayed in the top 20 programs for the rest of its run.[28] It is still broadcast in syndication on various television stations. The series, which depicted events occurring during a three-year war, spanned 256 episodes and lasted 11 seasons. The Korean War lasted 1,128 days, meaning each episode of the series would have averaged almost four and a half days of real time. Many of the stories in the early seasons are based on tales told by real MASH surgeons who were interviewed by the production team. Like the movie, the series was as much an allegory about the Vietnam War (still in progress when the show began) as it was about the Korean War.[29]

text: The episodes "Abyssinia, Henry" and "The Interview" were ranked number 20 and number 80, respectively, on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time in 1997.[30] In 2002, M*A*S*H was ranked number 25 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.[31] In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the fifth-best written TV series ever[32] and TV Guide ranked it as the eighth-greatest show of all time.[33] In 2016, Rolling Stone ranked it as the sixteenth-greatest TV show.[34]

text: Season ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep #
Time slot (ET)
Season Premiere
Season Finale
Nielsen Ratings

Rank
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating

1
1972–73
24
Sunday at 8:00 pm
September 17, 1972
March 25, 1973
#46[35]
N/A
17.4

2
1973–74
24
Saturday at 8:30 pm
September 15, 1973
March 2, 1974
#4[36]
17.02[36]
25.7

3
1974–75
24
Tuesday at 8:30 pm
September 10, 1974
March 18, 1975
#5[37]
18.76[37]
27.4

4
1975–76
25
Friday at 8:00 pm (Episode 1)
Friday at 8:30 pm (Episodes 2–13)
Tuesday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 14–25)
September 12, 1975
February 24, 1976
#15[38]
15.93[38]
22.9

5
1976–77
25
Tuesday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1, 3–25)
Tuesday at 9:30 pm (Episode 2)
September 21, 1976
March 15, 1977
#4[39]
18.44[39]
25.9

6
1977–78
25
Tuesday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1, 3–19)
Tuesday at 9:30 pm (Episode 2)
Monday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 20–25)
September 20, 1977
March 27, 1978
#9[40]
16.91[40]
23.2

7
1978–79
26
Monday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1–4, 6–26)
Monday at 9:30 pm (Episode 5)
September 18, 1978
March 12, 1979
#7[41]
18.92[41]
25.4

8
1979–80
25
Monday at 9:00 pm
September 17, 1979
March 24, 1980
#5[42]
19.30[42]
25.3

9
1980–81
20
November 17, 1980
May 4, 1981
#4[43]
20.53[43]
25.7

10
1981–82
22
Monday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1, 3–22)
Monday at 9:30 pm (Episode 2)
October 26, 1981
April 12, 1982
#9[44]
18.17[44]
22.3

11
1982–83
16
Monday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1–15)
Monday at 8:30 pm (Episode 16)
October 25, 1982
February 28, 1983
#3[45]
18.82[45]
22.6

text: Awards[edit]

text: M*A*S*H was nominated for over 100 Emmy Awards during its 11-year run, winning 14:

text:
1974 – Outstanding Comedy Series – M*A*S*H; Larry Gelbart, Gene Reynolds (Producers)
1974 – Best Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Alan Alda
1974 – Best Directing in Comedy – Jackie Cooper: "Carry On, Hawkeye"
1974 – Actor of the Year, Series – Alan Alda
1975 – Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series – Gene Reynolds: "O.R."
1976 – Outstanding Film Editing for Entertainment Programming – Fred W. Berger and Stanford Tischler: "Welcome to Korea"
1976 – Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series – Gene Reynolds: "Welcome to Korea"
1977 – Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series – Alan Alda: "Dear Sigmund"
1977 – Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series – Gary Burghoff
1979 – Outstanding Writing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Series – Alan Alda: "Inga"
1980 – Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Variety or Music Series – Loretta Swit
1980 – Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Variety or Music Series – Harry Morgan
1982 – Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series – Alan Alda
1982 – Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Variety or Music Series – Loretta Swit

text: The show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series (Musical or Comedy) in 1981. Alan Alda won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Television Series (Musical or Comedy) six times: in 1975, 1976, 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983. McLean Stevenson won the award for Best Supporting Actor in a Television Series in 1974.

text: The series earned the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in a Comedy Series seven times: 1973 (Gene Reynolds), 1974 (Reynolds), 1975 (Hy Averbeck), 1976 (Averbeck), 1977 (Alan Alda), 1982 (Alda), 1983 (Alda).

text: The show was honored with a Peabody Award in 1975 "for the depth of its humor and the manner in which comedy is used to lift the spirit and, as well, to offer a profound statement on the nature of war." M*A*S*H was cited as "an example of television of high purpose that reveals in universal terms a time and place with such affecting clarity."[46]

text: Writers for the show received several Humanitas Prize nominations, with Larry Gelbart winning in 1976, Alan Alda winning in 1980, and the team of David Pollock and Elias Davis winning twice in 1982 and 1983.

text: The series received 28 Writers Guild of America Award nominations – 26 for Episodic Comedy and two for Episodic Drama. Seven episodes won for Episodic Comedy in 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, and 1981.

text: Home media[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has released all 11 seasons of M*A*S*H on DVD in Region 1 and Region 2.

text:
DVD title
Ep No.
Release dates

Region 1
Region 2

M*A*S*H Season 1
24
January 8, 2002
May 19, 2003

M*A*S*H Season 2
24
July 23, 2002
October 13, 2003

M*A*S*H Season 3
24
February 18, 2003
March 15, 2004

M*A*S*H Seasons 1–3
72
N/A
October 31, 2005

M*A*S*H Season 4
24
July 15, 2003
June 14, 2004

M*A*S*H Seasons 1–4
96
December 2, 2003
N/A

M*A*S*H Season 5
24
December 9, 2003
January 17, 2005

M*A*S*H Season 6
24
June 8, 2004
March 28, 2005

M*A*S*H Season 7
25
December 7, 2004
May 30, 2005

M*A*S*H Season 8
25
May 24, 2005
August 15, 2005

M*A*S*H Season 9
20
December 6, 2005
January 9, 2006

M*A*S*H Seasons 1–9
214
December 6, 2005
N/A

M*A*S*H Season 10
22
May 23, 2006
April 17, 2006

M*A*S*H Season 11
16
November 7, 2006
May 29, 2006

Martinis and Medicine Collection
(Complete Series, including the Original Movie)
256
November 7, 2006
October 30, 2006

Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen Collector's Edition
1
May 15, 2007
N/A

text: In January 2015, it was announced that the first five seasons of M*A*S*H would be available on Netflix's instant streaming service beginning February 1, 2015. This marked the first time the series was made available on an internet platform. As of July 1, 2015, all 11 seasons were available; syndicated versions of hour-long episodes were utilized for streaming, splitting these shows into two parts.[47] In contrast to the DVD sets, the Netflix streams did not have an option for disabling the laugh track on the soundtrack. On April 1, 2016, M*A*S*H was removed from Netflix due to its contract to stream the series expiring.[48]

text: In November 2016, SundanceTV announced it will begin airing M*A*S*H and several other classic TV shows. M*A*S*H can be seen on Mondays at 6 am – 1 pm weekly, starting on November 14 with seven hours with the first 14 episodes from Season 1.[49]

text: As of 2016, M*A*S*H episodes air on the MeTV television network.[50]

text: In July 2017, it was announced that Hulu had acquired online streaming rights for the entire run of M*A*S*H along with several other 20th Century Fox-owned TV programs.[51]

text: Spinoffs and specials[edit]

text: AfterMASH[edit]

text: M*A*S*H had two spin-off shows. The short-lived AfterMASH (1983–85) inherited the parent show's Monday night time slot and featured several of its characters reunited in a Midwestern hospital after the war.

text: Trapper John, M.D.[edit]

text: The more successful Trapper John, M.D. (1979–86) took place nearly three decades after the events of M*A*S*H and depicted Trapper John McIntyre as chief of surgery at a San Francisco hospital.

text: W*A*L*T*E*R[edit]

text: In an unpurchased television pilot, W*A*L*T*E*R (1984), Walter "Radar" O’Reilly joins the St. Louis police force after his farm fails following his return to the U.S.

text: Documentaries and reunions[edit]

text: A documentary special titled Making M*A*S*H, narrated by Mary Tyler Moore and taking viewers behind the production of the season 8 episodes "Old Soldiers" and "Lend a Hand", was produced for PBS in 1981. The special was later included in the syndicated rerun package, with new narration by producer Michael Hirsch.[52]

text: Two retrospective specials were produced to commemorate the show's 20th and 30th anniversaries. Memories of M*A*S*H, hosted by Shelley Long and featuring clips from the series and interviews with cast members, was aired by CBS on November 25, 1991.

text: A 30th Anniversary Reunion special, in which the surviving cast members and producers gathered to reminisce, aired on the Fox network on May 17, 2002. The two-hour broadcast was hosted by Mike Farrell, who also got to interact with the actor he replaced, Wayne Rogers; previously filmed interviews with McLean Stevenson and Larry Linville (who had died in 1996 and 2000, respectively) were featured, as well. The two specials are included as bonuses on the Collector's Edition DVD of "Goodbye, Farewell, and Amen". Also included is "M*A*S*H: Television's Serious Sitcom", a 2002 episode of the A&E cable channel's Biography program that detailed the history of the show.

text: In the late 1980s, the cast had a partial reunion in a series of commercials for IBM personal computers. All of the front-billed regulars (with the three exceptions of Farrell, Stiers, and Stevenson) appeared in the spots over time.


document_title: List of Stanley Cup champions

question_text: who was the last canadian hockey team to win the cup

root

text: List of Stanley Cup champions

text: Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)[edit]

text: The origins of the Challenge era come from the method of play of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada prior to 1893. From 1887 to 1893, the league did not play a round-robin format, but rather challenges between teams of the association that year, with the winner of the series being the 'interim' champion, with the final challenge winner becoming the league champion for the year. The Stanley Cup kept the tradition going, but added league championships as another way that a team could win the trophy. If a team in the same league as the current champion won the league championship, it would then inherit the Cup, without a challenge. The only time this rule was not followed was in 1904, when the Ottawa Senators club withdrew from its league, the CAHL. The trustees ruled that the Cup stayed with Ottawa, instead of the CAHL league champion.

tag: p

text: During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title.[2] A playoff would only be played if teams tied for first-place in their leagues at the end of the regular season. Challenge games were played until 1912 at any time during hockey season by challenges approved and/or ordered by the Stanley Cup trustees. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was only to be defended at the end of the champion team's regular season.[3]

text: In 1908, the Allan Cup was introduced as the trophy for Canada's amateurs, as the Stanley Cup became a symbol of professional hockey supremacy.[4]

text: This table lists the outcome of all Stanley Cup wins, including successful victories and defenses in challenges, and league championships for the challenge era.

text:
Date
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Playoff format
Score
Winning goal

March 17, 1893
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
1893 AHAC champions, no challengers

March 22, 1894
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
Ottawa HC (AHAC)
Single-elimination
(1894 AHAC championship playoff)
3–1
Billy Barlow (9:00, third qtr)

March 9, 1895
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)[A]
Mike Grant (capt.)
1895 AHAC Champion

March 9, 1895
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)[A]
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
Queen's University (OHA)
Single-elimination
5–1

February 14, 1896
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Jack Armytage (capt.)
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Single-elimination
2–0
Jack Armytage (10:00, first half)[5][6]

February 29, 1896
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Jack Armytage (capt.)
1896 MHA champion[7]

December 30, 1896
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Single-elimination
6–5
Ernie McLea (28:00, second half)

March 6, 1897
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
1897 AHAC Champion

December 27, 1897
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
Ottawa Capitals (CCHA)
Single-elimination[B]
15–2

March 5, 1898
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Frank Richardson-playing
1898 AHAC Champion

February 15–18, 1899
Montreal Victorias (CAHL)
Frank Richardson-Playing
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Two-game total goals
5–3
Robert MacDougall (second half)

March 4, 1899
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
1899 CAHL Champion

March 14, 1899
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Queen's University (OHA)
Single-elimination
6–2
Harry Trihey

February 12–15, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Harry Trihey (second half)

March 7, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Halifax Crescents (MaPHL)
Best-of-three
2–0 (10–2, 11–0)

March 10, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
1900 CAHL Champion

January 29–31, 1901
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Dan Bain (4:00, OT)

February 19, 1901
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Winnipeg HC (MHA)
Single-elimination
(1901 MHA championship)
4–3[8]

January 21–23, 1902
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Toronto Wellingtons (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Fred Scanlon (9:00, second half)

March 1902
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
1902 MHA Champion

March 13–17, 1902
Montreal HC (CAHL)
Clarence McKerrow
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Jack Marshall (first half)

January 29–31,
February 2–4, 1903
Montreal HC (CAHL)
Desse Browne
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1[C]
Tom Phillips

March 7–10, 1903
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith
Montreal Victorias (CAHL)
Two-game total goals
(1903 CAHL championship playoff)
9–1
Suddy Gilmour (4:34, first half, second game)

March 12–14, 1903
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith
Rat Portage Thistles (MNWHA)
Two-game total goals
10–4
Frank McGee (8:20, first half)

December 30, 1903, January 1–4, 1904
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Winnipeg Rowing Club (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Frank McGee (11:00, second half)

February 23–25, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Toronto Marlboros (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Arthur Moore (9:38, first half)

March 2, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Montreal Wanderers (FAHL)
Two-game total goals
[E]

March 9–11, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Brandon Wheat Cities (MNWHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Frank McGee (18:00, first half)

January 13–16, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Dawson City Nuggets
Best-of-three
2–0
Harry Westwick (12:15, first half)

March 3, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
1905 FAHL Champion

March 7–9–11, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Rat Portage Thistles (MHL)
Best-of-three
2–1
Frank McGee

February 27–28, 1906
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Alf Smith-playing
Queen's University (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Harvey Pulford (10:00, second half)

March 6–8, 1906
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Alf Smith-playing
Smiths Falls HC (FAHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Frank McGee (17:45, first half)

March 14–17, 1906
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford-playing
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Two-game total goals
(1906 ECAHA championship playoff)
12–10
Lester Patrick

December 27–29, 1906
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford-playing
New Glasgow Cubs (MaHL)
Two-game total goals
17–5

January 21–23, 1907
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
James Link
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Two-game total goals
12–8
Roxy Beaudro

March 16–18, 1907
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
James Link
Brandon Wheat Cities (MPHL)
Best-of-three
(1907 MPHL championship)
2–0
Fred Whitcroft (19:00, first half)[9]

March 23–25, 1907
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Lester Patrick (capt.)
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
Two-game total goals
12–8
Ernest "Moose" Johnson

January 9–13, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Ottawa Victorias (FAHL)
Two-game total goals
22–4
Frank Glass (25:00, first half, first game)[10]

March 7, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
1908 ECAHA Champions

March 10–12, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Winnipeg Maple Leafs (MPHL)
Two-game total goals
20–8

March 14, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Toronto (OPHL)
Single-elimination
6–4
Ernest "Moose" Johnson

December 28–30, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Edmonton Hockey Club (AAHA)
Two-game total goals
13–10
Walter Smaill (33:45, second half, second game)[11]

March 6, 1909
Ottawa HC (ECHA)
Pete Green
1909 ECHA champions

January 5–7, 1910
Ottawa HC (CHA)
Pete Green
Galt HC (OPHL)
Two-game total goals
15–4
Hamby Shore (10:10, first half, first game)[12]

January 18–20, 1910
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Edmonton Hockey Club (AAHA)
Two-game total goals
21–11
Bruce Stuart (23:45, first half)

March 9, 1910
Montreal Wanderers (NHA)
Frank Glass (capt.)
1910 NHA Champion

March 12, 1910
Montreal Wanderers (NHA)
Frank Glass (capt.)
Berlin Dutchmen (OPHL)
Single-elimination
7–3
Harry Hyland (22:00, first half)

March 10, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
1911 NHA Champions

March 13, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Galt HC (OPHL)
Single-elimination
7–4
Marty Walsh (5:00, third)

March 16, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Port Arthur Bearcats
(New Ontario Hockey League)
Single-elimination
13–4
Marty Walsh (4:30, second)

March 5, 1912
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Charles Nolan
1912 NHA Champions

March 11–13, 1912
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Charles Nolan
Moncton Victorias (MaPHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Joe Malone (18:00, first)

March 5, 1913
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Joe Malone (capt.)
1913 NHA Champions

March 8–10, 1913
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Joe Malone (capt.)
Sydney Millionaires (MaPHL)
Two-game total goals
20–5
Tommy Smith (3:10, second, first game)[13]

March 7–11, 1914
Toronto Hockey Club (NHA)
Jack Marshall (playing-mgr.)
Montreal Canadiens (NHA)
Two-game total goals
(1914 NHA championship playoff)
6–2
Scotty Davidson (2:00, third, second game)[14]

March 14–17–19, 1914
Toronto Hockey Club (NHA)
Jack Marshall (playing-mgr.)
Victoria Aristocrats (PCHA)
Best-of-five
3–0[F]
Harry Cameron (7:00, third)[15]

tag: table

text: ^ A. Although the Montreal Victorias won the AHAC title in 1895, the Stanley Cup trustees had already accepted a challenge from the 1894 Cup champion Montreal HC and Queen's University. As a compromise, the trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreals eventually won the game, 5–1, and their crosstown rivals were awarded the Cup.

text: ^ B. Intended to be a best-of-three series, Ottawa Capitals withdrew their challenge after the first game.

text: ^ C. The January 31 (a Saturday) game was tied 2–2 at midnight and the Mayor of Westmount refused to allow play to continue on Sunday. The game was played on February 2 (a Monday) and the January 31 game was considered to be void.[16]

text: ^ D. For most of 1904, the Ottawa Hockey Club was not affiliated with any league.

text: ^ E. The Montreal Wanderers were disqualified as the result of a dispute. After game one ended tied at the end of regulation, 5–5, the Wanderers refused to play overtime with the current referee, and then subsequently refused to play the next game of the series in Ottawa.

text: ^ F. During the series, it was revealed that the Victoria club had not filed a formal challenge. A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, stating that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.[17] However, on March 18, Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge because he had expected Emmett Quinn, president of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.[18][19]

text:
Coleman, Charles L. (1964). The Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol. 1, 1893–1926 inc. Sherbrooke, Quebec: Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Limited.
Montreal Gazette
Ottawa Citizen
Ottawa Journal
Winnipeg Tribune

tag: ul

text: NHA/NHL vs. PCHA/WCHL/WHL champions (1915–1926)[edit]

text: Several days after the Victoria Aristocrats – Toronto Hockey Club series, Stanley Cup trustee William Foran wrote to NHA president Emmett Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA, and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup." Maritime league did not challenge for cup in 1914, and folded after 1915 season.[20] The Stanley Cup championship finals alternated between the East and the West each year, with games played alternately under NHA or PCHA rules.[21] The Cup trustees agreed to this new arrangement, because after the Allan Cup became the highest prize for amateur hockey teams in Canada, the trustees had become dependent on the top two professional leagues to bolster the prominence of the trophy.[22][incomplete short citation] After the New Westminster Royal moved to Portland in the summer of 1914 becoming the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[21] In March 1916, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup championship final.[23][incomplete short citation] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[24] After that season, the NHA was suspended and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[21]

text: In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series tied at 2–2–1, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[25]

text: The format for the Stanley Cup championship changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Now three leagues competed for the Cup and this necessitated a semi-final series between two league champions, with the third having a bye directly to the final.[26] In 1924, the PCHA folded and only the Vancouver and Victoria teams entered the WCHL. With the loss of the PCHA, the championship reverted to a single series.[27] After their win in 1925, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[28] For the 1925–26 season the WCHL was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL). With the Victoria Cougars' loss in 1926, it would be the last time a non-NHL team competed for the Stanley Cup.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Games
Losing team
Coach
Winning goal

1915
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (1, 1–0)
Frank Patrick-playing
3–0
Ottawa Senators (NHA) (1, 0–1)
Frank Shaughnessy (mgr.)
Barney Stanley (5:30, second)

1916
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (1, 1–0)
Newsy Lalonde-playing
3–2
Portland Rosebuds (PCHA) (1, 0–1)
Edward Savage (mgr.)
George Prodgers (17:20, third)

1917
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (1, 1–0)
Pete Muldoon
3–1
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (2, 1–1)
Newsy Lalonde-playing
Bernie Morris (7:55, first)

1918
Toronto Arenas[29] (NHL) (1, 1–0)
Dick Carroll
3–2
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (2, 1–1)
Frank Patrick-playing
Corb Denneny (10:30, third)

1919
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) vs. Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) – Series cancelled after the fifth game because of the flu epidemic – Stanley Cup not awarded

1920
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (2, 1–1)
Pete Green
3–2
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (3, 1–1)
Pete Muldoon
Jack Darragh (5:00, third)

1921
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (3, 2–1)
Pete Green
3–2
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (3, 1–2)
Frank Patrick-playing
Jack Darragh (9:40, second)

1922
Toronto St. Pats (NHL) (2, 2–0)
George O'Donoghue
3–2
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (4, 1–3)
Frank Patrick-playing
Babe Dye (4:20, first)

1923
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (4, 3–1)
Pete Green
2–0
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL) (1, 0–1)
Ken McKenzine
Punch Broadbent (11:23, first)

1924
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (4, 2–1)
Léo Dandurand
2–0
Calgary Tigers (WCHL) (1, 0–1)
Eddie Oatman-playing
Howie Morenz (4:55, first)

1925
Victoria Cougars (WCHL) (1, 1–0)
Lester Patrick
3–1
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (5, 2–2)
Léo Dandurand
Gizzy Hart (2:35, second)

1926
Montreal Maroons (NHL) (1, 1–0)
Eddie Gerard
3–1
Victoria Cougars (WHL) (2, 1–1)
Lester Patrick
Nels Stewart (2:50, second)

text: NHL champions (since 1927)[edit]

text: The WHL folded in 1926, and its assets were bought by the NHL. This left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs have issued challenges, but from that year forward, no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[27] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P. D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the Cup to the NHL, allowing the league itself to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[30][31] A 2006 Ontario Superior Court case found that the trustees had gone against Lord Stanley's conditions in the 1947 agreement.[32] The NHL has agreed to allow other teams to play for the Cup should the league not be operating, as was the case in the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[31]

text: Since 1927, the league's playoff format, deciding which teams advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, has changed multiple times. In some systems that were previously used, playoff teams were seeded regardless of division or conference. From 1942 to 1967, the Cup was competed for by the league's six teams, also known as the Original Six. After the 1967 NHL Expansion, the Stanley Cup was competed for by the winners of each conference. Since 1982, the Finals have been played between the league's conference playoff champions.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Games
Losing team
Coach
Winning goal

1927
Ottawa Senators (C) (5, 4–1)
Dave Gill
2–0–2
Boston Bruins (A) (1, 0–1)
Art Ross
Cy Denneny (7:30, second)

1928
New York Rangers (A) (1, 1–0)
Lester Patrick-playing
3–2
Montreal Maroons (C) (2, 1–1)
Eddie Gerard
Frank Boucher (3:35, third)

1929
Boston Bruins (A) (2, 1–1)
Cy Denneny-playing
2–0
New York Rangers (A) (2, 1–1)
Lester Patrick
Bill Carson (18:02, third)

1930
Montreal Canadiens (C) (6, 3–2)
Cecil Hart
2–0
Boston Bruins (A) (3, 1–2)
Art Ross
Howie Morenz (1:00, second)

1931
Montreal Canadiens (C) (7, 4–2)
Cecil Hart
3–2
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (1, 0–1)
Dick Irvin
Johnny Gagnon (9:59, second)

1932
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (3, 3–0)
Dick Irvin
3–0
New York Rangers (A) (3, 1–2)
Lester Patrick
Ace Bailey (15:07, third)

1933
New York Rangers (A) (4, 2–2)
Lester Patrick
3–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (4, 3–1)
Dick Irvin
Bill Cook (7:34, OT)

1934
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (2, 1–1)
Tommy Gorman
3–1
Detroit Red Wings (A) (1, 0–1)
Jack Adams
Mush March (10:05, second OT)

1935
Montreal Maroons (C) (2, 2–1)
Tommy Gorman
3–0
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (5, 3–2)
Dick Irvin
Baldy Northcott (16:18, second)

1936
Detroit Red Wings (A) (2, 1–1)
Jack Adams
3–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (6, 3–3)
Dick Irvin
Pete Kelly (9:45, third)

1937
Detroit Red Wings (A) (3, 2–1)
Jack Adams
3–2
New York Rangers (A) (5, 2–3)
Lester Patrick
Marty Barry (19:22, first)

1938
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (3, 2–1)
Bill Stewart
3–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (7, 3–4)
Dick Irvin
Carl Voss (16:45, second)

1939
Boston Bruins (4, 2–2)
Art Ross
4–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (8, 3–5)
Dick Irvin
Roy Conacher (17:54, second)

1940
New York Rangers (6, 3–3)
Frank Boucher
4–2
Toronto Maple Leafs (9, 3–6)
Dick Irvin
Bryan Hextall (2:07, OT)

1941
Boston Bruins (5, 3–2)
Cooney Weiland
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (4, 2–2)
Jack Adams
Bobby Bauer (8:43, second)

1942
Toronto Maple Leafs (10, 4–6)
Hap Day
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (5, 2–3)
Jack Adams
Pete Langelle (9:48, third)

1943
Detroit Red Wings (6, 3–3)
Jack Adams
4–0
Boston Bruins (6, 3–3)
Art Ross
Joe Carveth (12:09, first)

1944
Montreal Canadiens (8, 5–2)
Dick Irvin
4–0
Chicago Black Hawks (4, 2–2)
Paul Thompson
Toe Blake (9:12, OT)

1945
Toronto Maple Leafs (11, 5–6)
Hap Day
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (7, 3–4)
Jack Adams
Babe Pratt (12:14, third)

1946
Montreal Canadiens (9, 6–2)
Dick Irvin
4–1
Boston Bruins (7, 3–4)
Dit Clapper
Toe Blake (11:06, third)

1947
Toronto Maple Leafs (12, 6–6)
Hap Day
4–2
Montreal Canadiens (10, 6–3)
Dick Irvin
Ted Kennedy (14:39, third)

1948
Toronto Maple Leafs (13, 7–6)
Hap Day
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (8, 3–5)
Tommy Ivan
Harry Watson (11:13, first)

1949
Toronto Maple Leafs (14, 8–6)
Hap Day
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (9, 3–6)
Tommy Ivan
Cal Gardner (19:45, second)

1950
Detroit Red Wings (10, 4–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–3
New York Rangers (7, 3–4)
Lynn Patrick
Pete Babando (8:31, second OT)

1951
Toronto Maple Leafs (15, 9–6)
Joe Primeau
4–1
Montreal Canadiens (11, 6–4)
Dick Irvin
Bill Barilko (2:53, OT)

1952
Detroit Red Wings (11, 5–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–0
Montreal Canadiens (12, 6–5)
Dick Irvin
Metro Prystai (6:50, first)

1953
Montreal Canadiens (13, 7–5)
Dick Irvin
4–1
Boston Bruins (8, 3–5)
Lynn Patrick
Elmer Lach (1:22, OT)

1954
Detroit Red Wings (12, 6–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–3
Montreal Canadiens (14, 7–6)
Dick Irvin
Tony Leswick (4:20, OT)

1955
Detroit Red Wings (13, 7–6)
Jimmy Skinner
4–3
Montreal Canadiens (15, 7–7)
Dick Irvin
Gordie Howe (19:49, second)

1956
Montreal Canadiens (16, 8–7)
Toe Blake
4–1
Detroit Red Wings (14, 7–7)
Jimmy Skinner
Maurice Richard (15:08, second)

1957
Montreal Canadiens (17, 9–7)
Toe Blake
4–1
Boston Bruins (9, 3–6)
Milt Schmidt
Dickie Moore (0:14, second)

1958
Montreal Canadiens (18, 10–7)
Toe Blake
4–2
Boston Bruins (10, 3–7)
Milt Schmidt
Bernie Geoffrion (19:26, second)

1959
Montreal Canadiens (19, 11–7)
Toe Blake
4–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (16, 9–7)
Punch Imlach
Marcel Bonin (9:55, second)

1960
Montreal Canadiens (20, 12–7)
Toe Blake
4–0
Toronto Maple Leafs (17, 9–8)
Punch Imlach
Jean Beliveau (8:16, first)

1961
Chicago Black Hawks (5, 3–2)
Rudy Pilous
4–2
Detroit Red Wings (15, 7–8)
Sid Abel
Ab McDonald (18:49, second)

1962
Toronto Maple Leafs (18, 10–8)
Punch Imlach
4–2
Chicago Black Hawks (6, 3–3)
Rudy Pilous
Dick Duff (14:14, third)

1963
Toronto Maple Leafs (19, 11–8)
Punch Imlach
4–1
Detroit Red Wings (16, 7–9)
Sid Abel
Eddie Shack (13:28, third)

1964
Toronto Maple Leafs (20, 12–8)
Punch Imlach
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (17, 7–10)
Sid Abel
Andy Bathgate (3:04, first)

1965
Montreal Canadiens (21, 13–7)
Toe Blake
4–3
Chicago Black Hawks (7, 3–4)
Billy Reay
Jean Beliveau (0:14, first)

1966
Montreal Canadiens (22, 14–7)
Toe Blake
4–2
Detroit Red Wings (18, 7–11)
Sid Abel
Henri Richard (2:20, OT)

1967
Toronto Maple Leafs (21, 13–8)
Punch Imlach
4–2
Montreal Canadiens (23, 14–8)
Toe Blake
Jim Pappin (19:24, second)

1968
Montreal Canadiens (E) (24, 15–8)
Toe Blake
4–0
St. Louis Blues (W) (1, 0–1)
Scotty Bowman
J. C. Tremblay (11:40, third)

1969
Montreal Canadiens (E) (25, 16–8)
Claude Ruel
4–0
St. Louis Blues (W) (2, 0–2)
Scotty Bowman
John Ferguson (3:02, third)

1970
Boston Bruins (E) (11, 4–7)
Harry Sinden
4–0
St. Louis Blues (W) (3, 0–3)
Scotty Bowman
Bobby Orr (0:40, OT)

1971
Montreal Canadiens (E) (26, 17–8)
Al MacNeil
4–3
Chicago Black Hawks (W) (8, 3–5)
Billy Reay
Henri Richard (2:34, third)

1972
Boston Bruins (E) (12, 5–7)
Tom Johnson
4–2
New York Rangers (E) (8, 3–5)
Emile Francis
Bobby Orr (11:18, first)

1973
Montreal Canadiens (E) (27, 18–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–2
Chicago Black Hawks (W) (9, 3–6)
Billy Reay
Yvan Cournoyer (8:13, third)

1974
Philadelphia Flyers (W) (1, 1–0)
Fred Shero
4–2
Boston Bruins (E) (13, 5–8)
Bep Guidolin
Rick MacLeish (14:48, first)

1975
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (2, 2–0)
Fred Shero
4–2
Buffalo Sabres (PW) (1, 0–1)
Floyd Smith
Bob Kelly (0:11, third)

1976
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (28, 19–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (3, 2–1)
Fred Shero
Guy Lafleur (14:18, third)

1977
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (29, 20–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Boston Bruins (PW) (14, 5–9)
Don Cherry
Jacques Lemaire (4:32, OT)

1978
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (30, 21–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–2
Boston Bruins (PW) (15, 5–10)
Don Cherry
Mario Tremblay (9:20, first)

1979
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (31, 22–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–1
New York Rangers (CC) (9, 3–6)
Fred Shero
Jacques Lemaire (1:02, second)

1980
New York Islanders (CC) (1, 1–0)
Al Arbour
4–2
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (4, 2–2)
Pat Quinn
Bob Nystrom (7:11, OT)

1981
New York Islanders (CC) (2, 2–0)
Al Arbour
4–1
Minnesota North Stars (PW) (1, 0–1)
Glen Sonmor
Wayne Merrick (5:37, first)

1982
New York Islanders (PW) (3, 3–0)
Al Arbour
4–0
Vancouver Canucks (CC) (1, 0–1)
Roger Neilson
Mike Bossy (5:00, second)

1983
New York Islanders (PW) (4, 4–0)
Al Arbour
4–0
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (1, 0–1)
Glen Sather
Mike Bossy (12:39, first)

1984
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (2, 1–1)
Glen Sather
4–1
New York Islanders (PW) (5, 4–1)
Al Arbour
Ken Linseman (0:38, second)

1985
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (3, 2–1)
Glen Sather
4–1
Philadelphia Flyers (PW) (5, 2–3)
Mike Keenan
Paul Coffey (17:57, first)

1986
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (32, 23–8)
Jean Perron
4–1
Calgary Flames (CC) (1, 0–1)
Bob Johnson
Bobby Smith (10:30, third)

1987
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (4, 3–1)
Glen Sather
4–3
Philadelphia Flyers (PW) (6, 2–4)
Mike Keenan
Jari Kurri (14:59, second)

1988
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (5, 4–1)
Glen Sather
4–0
Boston Bruins (PW) (16, 5–11)
Terry O'Reilly
Wayne Gretzky (9:44, second)

1989
Calgary Flames (CC) (2, 1–1)
Terry Crisp
4–2
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (33, 23–9)
Pat Burns
Doug Gilmour (11:02, third)

1990
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (6, 5–1)
John Muckler
4–1
Boston Bruins (PW) (17, 5–12)
Mike Milbury
Craig Simpson (9:31, second)

1991
Pittsburgh Penguins (PW) (1, 1–0)
Bob Johnson
4–2
Minnesota North Stars (CC) (2, 0–2)
Bob Gainey
Ulf Samuelsson (2:00, first)

1992
Pittsburgh Penguins (PW) (2, 2–0)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Chicago Blackhawks (CC) (10, 3–7)
Mike Keenan
Ron Francis (7:59, third)

1993
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (34, 24–9)
Jacques Demers
4–1
Los Angeles Kings (CC) (1, 0–1)
Barry Melrose
Kirk Muller (3:51, second)

1994
New York Rangers (EC) (10, 4–6)
Mike Keenan
4–3
Vancouver Canucks (WC) (2, 0–2)
Pat Quinn
Mark Messier (13:29, second)

1995
New Jersey Devils (EC) (1, 1–0)
Jacques Lemaire
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (19, 7–12)
Scotty Bowman
Neal Broten (7:56, second)

1996
Colorado Avalanche (WC) (1, 1–0)
Marc Crawford
4–0
Florida Panthers (EC) (1, 0–1)
Doug MacLean
Uwe Krupp (4:31, third OT)

1997
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (20, 8–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Philadelphia Flyers (EC) (7, 2–5)
Terry Murray
Darren McCarty (13:02, second)

1998
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (21, 9–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Washington Capitals (EC) (1, 0–1)
Ron Wilson
Martin Lapointe (2:26, second)

1999
Dallas Stars (WC) (3, 1–2)
Ken Hitchcock
4–2
Buffalo Sabres (EC) (2, 0–2)
Lindy Ruff
Brett Hull (14:51, third OT)

2000
New Jersey Devils (EC) (2, 2–0)
Larry Robinson
4–2
Dallas Stars (WC) (4, 1–3)
Ken Hitchcock
Jason Arnott (8:20, second OT)

2001
Colorado Avalanche (WC) (2, 2–0)
Bob Hartley
4–3
New Jersey Devils (EC) (3, 2–1)
Larry Robinson
Alex Tanguay (4:57, second)

2002
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (22, 10–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–1
Carolina Hurricanes (EC) (1, 0–1)
Paul Maurice
Brendan Shanahan (14:04, second)

2003
New Jersey Devils (EC) (4, 3–1)
Pat Burns
4–3
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (WC) (1, 0–1)
Mike Babcock
Michael Rupp (2:22, second)

2004
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) (1, 1–0)
John Tortorella
4–3
Calgary Flames (WC) (3, 1–2)
Darryl Sutter
Ruslan Fedotenko (14:38, second)

2005
Season cancelled due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

2006
Carolina Hurricanes (EC) (2, 1–1)
Peter Laviolette
4–3
Edmonton Oilers (WC) (7, 5–2)
Craig MacTavish
Frantisek Kaberle (4:18, second)

2007
Anaheim Ducks (WC) (2, 1–1)
Randy Carlyle
4–1
Ottawa Senators (EC) (1, 0–1)
Bryan Murray
Travis Moen (15:44, second)

2008
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (23, 11–12)
Mike Babcock
4–2
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (3, 2–1)
Michel Therrien
Henrik Zetterberg (7:36, third)

2009
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (4, 3–1)
Dan Bylsma
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (24, 11–13)
Mike Babcock
Maxime Talbot (10:07, second)

2010
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (11, 4–7)
Joel Quenneville
4–2
Philadelphia Flyers (EC) (8, 2–6)
Peter Laviolette
Patrick Kane (4:06, OT)

2011
Boston Bruins (EC) (18, 6–12)
Claude Julien
4–3
Vancouver Canucks (WC) (3, 0–3)
Alain Vigneault
Patrice Bergeron (14:37, first)

2012
Los Angeles Kings (WC) (2, 1–1)
Darryl Sutter
4–2
New Jersey Devils (EC) (5, 3–2)
Peter DeBoer
Jeff Carter (12:45, first)

2013
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (12, 5–7)
Joel Quenneville
4–2
Boston Bruins (EC) (19, 6–13)
Claude Julien
Dave Bolland (19:01, third)

2014
Los Angeles Kings (WC) (3, 2–1)
Darryl Sutter
4–1
New York Rangers (EC) (11, 4–7)
Alain Vigneault
Alec Martinez (14:43, second OT)

2015
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (13, 6–7)
Joel Quenneville
4–2
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) (2, 1–1)
Jon Cooper
Duncan Keith (17:13, second)

2016
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (5, 4–1)
Mike Sullivan
4–2
San Jose Sharks (WC) (1, 0–1)
Peter DeBoer
Kris Letang (7:46, second)

2017
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (6, 5–1)
Mike Sullivan
4–2
Nashville Predators (WC) (1, 0–1)
Peter Laviolette
Patric Hornqvist (18:25, third)

2018
Washington Capitals (EC) (2, 1–1)
Barry Trotz
4–1
Vegas Golden Knights (WC) (1, 0–1)
Gerard Gallant
Lars Eller (12:23, third)

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)[edit]

text: Legend: SC = successful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (win); UC = unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (loss); Years in bold denote a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Team
SC
UC
Total
Win %
Appearances

Ottawa HC
17
2
19
.895
1894, 1903 (2), 1904 (4), 1905 (3), 1906 (2), 1906, 1909, 1910 (2), 1911 (3)

Montreal Wanderers
10
2
12
.833
1904, 1906 (2), 1907, 1907, 1908 (5), 1910 (2)

Winnipeg Victorias
6
5
11
.545
1896 (2), 1896, 1899, 1900, 1901 (2), 1902 (2), 1902, 1903

Montreal Victorias
6
2
8
.750
1895, 1896, 1896, 1897 (2), 1898, 1899, 1903

Montreal Shamrocks
5
1
6
.833
1899 (2), 1900 (3), 1901

Montreal HC
5
0
5
1.000
1893, 1894, 1895, 1902, 1903

Quebec Bulldogs
4
0
4
1.000
1912 (2), 1913 (2)

Rat Portage/Kenora Thistles
2
3
5
.400
1903, 1905, 1907 (2), 1907

Toronto Blueshirts
2
0
2
1.000
1914 (2)

Queen's University
0
3
3
.000
1895, 1899, 1906

Brandon Wheat Cities
0
2
2
.000
1904, 1907

Edmonton HC
0
2
2
.000
1908, 1910

Galt HC
0
2
2
.000
1910, 1911

Winnipeg Maple Leafs
0
2
2
.000
1901, 1908

text: The following 16 teams unsuccessfully challenged for a Stanley Cup only once: Berlin Dutchmen (1910), Dawson City Nuggets (1905), Halifax Crescents (1900), Moncton Victorias (1912), Montreal Canadiens (1914), New Glasgow Cubs (1906), Ottawa Capitals (1897), Ottawa Victorias (1908), Port Arthur Bearcats (1911), Smiths Falls (1906), Sydney Millionaires (1913), Toronto Marlboros (1904), Toronto Professionals (1908), Toronto Wellingtons (1902), Victoria Aristocrats (1914), Winnipeg Rowing Club (1904).

text: Stanley Cup Finals era (since 1915)[edit]

text: Active teams[edit]

text: Unless marked otherwise, teams played in the NHL exclusively at the time they competed for the Stanley Cup. A bolded year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Apps
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of appearance (in Stanley Cup Finals)

7001340000000000000♠34[a]
Montreal Canadiens
7001240000000000000♠24
7000900000000000000♠9[a]
.727
1916, 1917, 1919 [a], 1924, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1993

7001240000000000000♠24
Detroit Red Wings
7001110000000000000♠11
7001130000000000000♠13
.458
1934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, 2009

7001210000000000000♠21
Toronto Maple Leafs[b]
7001130000000000000♠13
7000800000000000000♠8
.619
1918, 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967

7001190000000000000♠19
Boston Bruins
7000600000000000000♠6
7001130000000000000♠13
.316
1927, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990, 2011, 2013

7001130000000000000♠13
Chicago Blackhawks[c]
7000600000000000000♠6
7000700000000000000♠7
.462
1931, 1934, 1938, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1973, 1992, 2010, 2013, 2015

7001110000000000000♠11
New York Rangers
7000400000000000000♠4
7000700000000000000♠7
.364
1928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1940, 1950, 1972, 1979, 1994, 2014

7000800000000000000♠8
Philadelphia Flyers
7000200000000000000♠2
7000600000000000000♠6
.250
1974, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2010

7000700000000000000♠7
Edmonton Oilers
7000500000000000000♠5
7000200000000000000♠2
.714
1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, 2006

7000600000000000000♠6
Pittsburgh Penguins
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
.833
1991, 1992, 2008, 2009, 2016, 2017

7000500000000000000♠5
New York Islanders
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
.800
1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984

7000500000000000000♠5
New Jersey Devils
7000300000000000000♠3
7000200000000000000♠2
.600
1995, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2012

7000400000000000000♠4
Dallas Stars[d]
7000100000000000000♠1
7000300000000000000♠3
.250
1981, 1991, 1999, 2000

7000300000000000000♠3
Los Angeles Kings
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
.667
1993, 2012, 2014

7000300000000000000♠3
Calgary Flames
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
.333
1986, 1989, 2004

7000300000000000000♠3
St. Louis Blues
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
.000
1968, 1969, 1970

7000300000000000000♠3
Vancouver Canucks
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
.000
1982, 1994, 2011

7000200000000000000♠2
Colorado Avalanche
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
1.000
1996, 2001

7000200000000000000♠2
Anaheim Ducks[e]
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2003, 2007

7000200000000000000♠2
Carolina Hurricanes
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2002, 2006

7000200000000000000♠2
Tampa Bay Lightning
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2004, 2015

7000200000000000000♠2
Washington Capitals
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
1998, 2018

7000200000000000000♠2
Buffalo Sabres
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
.000
1975, 1999

7000100000000000000♠1
Florida Panthers
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
1996

7000100000000000000♠1
Nashville Predators
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2017

7000100000000000000♠1
Ottawa Senators[f]
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2007

7000100000000000000♠1
San Jose Sharks
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2016

7000100000000000000♠1
Vegas Golden Knights
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2018

text: Four active teams have yet to make a Stanley Cup Finals appearance. Two of these teams have remained in the same location since their inceptions:

text:
Columbus Blue Jackets (17 seasons, 4 playoffs)
Minnesota Wild (17 seasons, 9 playoffs, 1 division title)

text: The other two teams have relocated and have not made the Finals in either location:

text:
Atlanta Thrashers (11 seasons, 1 playoff, 1 division title) / Winnipeg Jets (7 seasons, 2 playoffs)
Winnipeg Jets (original team) (17 seasons, 11 playoffs) / Phoenix-Arizona Coyotes (21 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 division title)

text: Five relocated teams that have won the Stanley Cup in their current locations and never appeared in the Finals in their former locations:

text:
Quebec Nordiques (16 seasons, 9 playoffs, 2 division titles) – won 2 Stanley Cups as Colorado Avalanche
Kansas City Scouts (2 seasons, never made playoff contention)/Colorado Rockies (6 seasons, 1 playoff) – won 3 Stanley Cups as New Jersey Devils
Oakland Seals-California Golden Seals (9 seasons, 2 playoffs)/Cleveland Barons (2 seasons, never made playoff contention) – merged with Minnesota North Stars who lost twice in the Finals then won the Stanley Cup once as Dallas Stars
Atlanta Flames (8 seasons, 6 playoffs) – won Stanley Cup once as Calgary Flames
Hartford Whalers (18 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 division title) – won Stanley Cup once as Carolina Hurricanes

text: Defunct teams[edit]

text: Listed after the team name is the name of the affiliated league(s) when the team competed for the Stanley Cup. A bold year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of Appearance

5
Ottawa Senators (NHA/NHL)
4
1
.800
1915, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1927

4
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA/WCHL)
1
3
.250
1915, 1918, 1921, 1922

3
Montreal Maroons (NHL)
2
1
.667
1926, 1928, 1935

3 [a]
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA)
1
1[a]
.500
1917, 1919[a], 1920

2
Victoria Cougars (WCHL/WHL)
1
1
.500
1925, 1926

1
Portland Rosebuds (PCHA)
0
1
.000
1916

1
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL)
0
1
.000
1923

1
Calgary Tigers (WCHL)
0
1
.000
1924

text:
a The Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans appearance totals include the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic. It is not considered an official series win or loss by either team.
b The franchise known today as the Toronto Maple Leafs won the Cup in 1918 as the Toronto Hockey Club[33] (later engraved on the Stanley Cup as the Toronto Arenas in 1947), and in 1922 as the Toronto St. Patricks.
c The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season.
d The Dallas Stars totals include two series losses as the Minnesota North Stars.
e The Anaheim Ducks totals include one series loss as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
f The modern Ottawa Senators (1992–present) are the namesake of the original Senators (1883–1934).


document_title: Gravitation of the Moon

question_text: what is the gravity difference between earth and moon

text: Gravitation of the Moon

text: The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is about 1.625 m/s2, about 16.6% that on Earth's surface or 0.16 ɡ.[1] Over the entire surface, the variation in gravitational acceleration is about 0.0253 m/s2 (1.6% of the acceleration due to gravity). Because weight is directly dependent upon gravitational acceleration, things on the Moon will weigh only 16.6% of what they weigh on the Earth.

text: The gravitational field of the Moon has been measured by tracking the radio signals emitted by orbiting spacecraft. The principle used depends on the Doppler effect, whereby the line-of-sight spacecraft acceleration can be measured by small shifts in frequency of the radio signal, and the measurement of the distance from the spacecraft to a station on Earth. Since the gravitational field of the Moon affects the orbit of a spacecraft, one can use these tracking data to detect gravity anomalies. However, because of the Moon's synchronous rotation it is not possible to track spacecraft from Earth much beyond the limbs of the Moon, so until the recent GRAIL mission the far-side gravity field was not accurately known.

text: A major feature of the Moon's gravitational field is the presence of mascons, which are large positive gravity anomalies associated with some of the giant impact basins. These anomalies significantly influence the orbit of spacecraft around the Moon, and an accurate gravitational model is necessary in the planning of both manned and unmanned missions. They were initially discovered by the analysis of Lunar Orbiter tracking data:[2] navigation tests prior to the Apollo program showed positioning errors much larger than mission specifications.

text: Mascons are in part due to the presence of dense mare basaltic lava flows that fill some of the impact basins.[3] However, lava flows by themselves cannot fully explain the gravitational variations, and uplift of the crust-mantle interface is required as well. Based on Lunar Prospector gravitational models, it has been suggested that some mascons exist that do not show evidence for mare basaltic volcanism.[4] The huge expanse of mare basaltic volcanism associated with Oceanus Procellarum does not cause a positive gravity anomaly. The center of gravity of the Moon does not coincide exactly with its geometric center, but is displaced toward the Earth by about 2 kilometers.[5]