document_title: The Middle (TV series)

question_text: where does the middle take place in indiana

text: The Middle (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series features Frances "Frankie" Heck (Patricia Heaton), a middle class, middle-aged, Midwestern[5] woman and her husband Mike (Neil Flynn), who reside in the small fictional town of Orson, Indiana based on the real town of Jasper, Indiana.[6] They are the parents of three children, Axl (Charlie McDermott), Sue (Eden Sher), and Brick (Atticus Shaffer).[7]

text: The series is narrated by Frankie, initially an under-performing salesperson at a used-car dealership and later a dental assistant. Her stoic husband Mike manages a local quarry and serves as a stabilizing influence in the family, though Frankie complains about his lack of affection at times. The kids are quite different from one another: oldest son Axl, a popular but lazy teenager, does well in sports but not in academics; daughter Sue is an enthusiastic young teen but chronically unsuccessful and socially awkward; and youngest son Brick is an intelligent but introverted compulsive reader with odd behavioral traits.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: There are numerous recurring characters that the Hecks encounter in and around Orson.

text: Main[edit]

text:
Patricia Heaton as Frances "Frankie" Heck (née Spence), wife of Mike and mother of Axl, Sue, and Brick. Frankie is the central character in the show, as her voice is heard narrating at various points in every episode. She lost her job at a car dealership in season 4 and is now a dental assistant.
Neil Flynn as Michael "Mike" Heck Jr., Frankie's husband, known for his straightforward, sometimes distant manner and emotional stability. Mike works at the local limestone quarry as the manager and has a no-nonsense approach to work and family.
Charlie McDermott as Axl Redford Heck, the oldest child of Frankie and Mike. Popular and athletic in school, he is also sarcastic, lazy, narcissistic, and often dominant over his younger siblings. He sometimes gives his siblings affection, but tries to hide it. In season 1, Axl was starting his freshman year of high school and proceeded to graduate high school at the end of season 4. He goes to fictional East Indiana State University on a football scholarship and becomes a business major. He starts dating Lexie in the season 8 episode "The Par-Tay", and graduates college in season 8's "The Final Final".
Eden Sher as Sue Sue Heck, the socially awkward middle child of Frankie and Mike. Her genuine nature, bubbly personality, and persistent sunny optimism tend to make others view her as annoying and makes her an object of ridicule, especially by her older brother. In season 3 Sue begins her freshman year of high school and proceeded to graduate from high school at the end of season 6. She then follows Axl to East Indiana State University on a financial aid package. Sue has a crush on Sean Donahue (Beau Wirick). As of season 9, she is presumably a Junior pursuing a degree in Hospitality and Hotel Management.
Atticus Shaffer as Brick Ishmael Heck, youngest of Mike and Frankie's children. He loves to read and is very intelligent, but is also introverted, odd, and often easily distracted. Occasionally, while speaking, he will lower his head and repeat the last word spoken in an audible whisper. In season 1, Brick was starting second grade. He is a sophomore in high school as of the season 9 premiere.
Chris Kattan (regular seasons 1–2, recurring season 3, guest seasons 4 and 5) as Bob Weaver, Frankie's co-worker and friend at Ehlert Motors, where Frankie works for the first three seasons. After she gets fired in season 4, Frankie and Bob lose touch.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Don Ehlert (Brian Doyle-Murray) (season 1–6) is the owner of Ehlert Motors, where Frankie works for the first three seasons before she gets fired in early season 4. He is a crass, overweight, staunchly-conservative man that seems to be rude to Frankie because she is female, often referring to her as "Frances" instead of her preferred name. He likes Mike as the two often talk about sports.
Pete Miller (Peter Breitmayer) (seasons 1–4) is Ehlert Motors' best salesman and star employee. He is disliked by Frankie and Bob for his continuous boasting and teacher's-pet relationship with Mr. Ehlert.
Edie and Ginny Freehold (Jeanette Miller and Frances Bay) are Frankie's elderly great-aunts who are heavy smokers and drinkers. Throughout the series, it is heavily hinted that none of the Hecks enjoy looking after them. Both characters die off-screen. Ginny dies in season 3 (following Bay's death) and Edie in season 6 (after Miller retired from acting).
Brad Bottig (Brock Ciarlelli) is Sue's flamboyant, theater-loving, tap dancing, and slightly camp "boyfriend" in season 1. After she catches him smoking at his house, they split up but remain close friends. In season 7, he comes out as gay to Sue in a passive way but she already knew and is happy for him. They remain close friends after graduation, meeting up when they can. They both spent summer 2016 (between seasons 7–8) working at Dollywood. In season 8, Brad transferred to East Indiana State because he disliked NYU.
Carly (Blaine Saunders) (season 1–6) is Sue's best friend in school, and for a while is her only close female friend. The two girls are extremely alike but lose contact after graduation.
Sean Donahue (Beau Wirick) is one of Axl's best friends, teammate on the high school football team, and Nancy Donahue's only son. He is outwardly complimentary and polite to the Hecks, but also supports many of Axl's schemes. He takes on a "hippie" persona in season 7 while in college at the University of Notre Dame, but has reverted to a clean-cut look in season 8. It is revealed in season 8 that he has a crush on Sue.
Nancy Donahue (Jen Ray) is the Hecks' idyllic neighbor of whom the Hecks are shown to be jealous. Frankie is shown trying to imitate Nancy's parenting, but mostly fails.
Ron Donahue (Sean O'Bryan) is the Hecks' neighbor, Nancy's husband, and Sean's dad.
Darrin McGrew (John Gammon) (seasons 1–6) is Axl's dimwitted other best friend and teammate, and becomes Sue's boyfriend in season 4. They break up and get together again, then finally decide to split up in season 6 after Darrin proposed marriage and Sue declined. The character has not appeared since.
Paula Norwood (Julie Brown) is another of the Hecks' neighbors.
Bill Norwood (Pat Finn) is Paula's husband and one of the Hecks' neighbors.
Michael "Big Mike" Heck Sr. (John Cullum) is Mike's reclusive, man-of-few-words, hoarder father.
Orville "Rusty" Heck (Norm Macdonald) is Mike's unreliable, silly, yet optimistic and cheerful younger brother. He sometimes lives with Big Mike and started a diaper business with Mike.
Pat Spence (Marsha Mason) is Frankie's mother. She is keen to help the Hecks in any way she can and spoils the kids, much to Frankie's annoyance.
Tag Spence (Jerry Van Dyke) (seasons 2–6) is Frankie's father and Pat's husband. He seems to like Mike a lot and spends a lot of time with him, much to Mike's annoyance.
Janet (Molly Shannon) is Frankie's perfectionist sister who has so far only appeared in two episodes of the entire series (S3E10 "Thanksgiving III" and S4E18 "The Name") but is referenced a lot.
Reverend Timothy "Tim-Tom" Thomas (Paul Hipp), is a musical, charismatic/hip-to-the-kids youth minister at the Hecks' church whom Sue deeply admires for his meaningful and jolly songs about the difficulties of teenage life. He has appeared in at least one episode each season.
Rita Glossner (Brooke Shields) is the Hecks' uncouth and troubled neighbor. She is the single mother of three stealing, rude sons but apparently is not aware of their nastiness as she describes them as "good boys." The Season 8 episode "Trip and Fall" reveals that Rita has a fourth son, Rodney, her oldest child who has just made her a grandmother.
Derrick Glossner (David Chandler), Wade Glossner (Parker Bolek), Diaper Glossner (Gibson Bobby Sjobeck), and an unnamed girl make up the dreaded Glossner children, Rita's rowdy, foul-mouthed, rude, burglarizing offspring.
Zack (Andrew J. Fishman) (season 1–3) is Brick's friend from the socially challenged class. He sometimes acts like a cat, meowing and wearing oven-mitts.
Matt (Moisés Arias) is a boy on the wrestling team at Sue and Axl's school who likes Sue and becomes her first real boyfriend in season 3.
Ashley "Weird Ashley" Wyman (Katlin Mastandrea) is Axl's weird classmate who has twice been his accidental date to prom. She is also on Sue's wrestlerette team. She transfers to East Indiana State in season 6, surprising Axl at his college home.
Courtney and Debbie (Brittany Ross and Natalie Lander) (season 3–7) are two think-alike cheerleaders in Axl and Sue's high school who date Axl as one. They later work as assistant cheerleading coaches at Orson High after graduating and hint at a mutual hatred of each other.
Becky (Jessica Marie Garcia) (season 3–6) is a rough-and-tumble girl in Axl and Sue's high school who is on Sue's wrestlerette team.
Ruth (Grace Bannon) (season 3–6) is another of Sue's co-wrestlerettes; she is depicted as extremely religious.
Mrs. Tompkins (Krista Braun) is Brick's social skills mentor and guidance counselor.
Dr. Chuck Fulton (Dave Foley) (seasons 4–8) is the school therapist who works with Mrs. Tompkins and counsels Brick. He is also portrayed as lonely and lives with clowder of cats. It is also implied that he has an unhealthy attachment to an ex-girlfriend named Shelley (who never appears onscreen but is referenced occasionally).
Arlo (Nick Shafer) is Brick's odd friend whom he meets during the second season.
Dr. Ted Goodwin (Jack McBrayer) is a smiley, optimistic dentist who hires Frankie as a hygienist in season 4.[8] His dental practice is taken over by Smile Sensations in season 7 but he still recurs thereafter.
Cassidy Finch (Galadriel Stineman) is Axl's tutor and later girlfriend in season 4. She's described by Axl as the first girl he's ever loved. They break up when she is accepted by a college 800 miles away.
Kenny (Tommy Bechtold) (seasons 5–8) is Axl's college roommate who does nothing but play World of Warcraft. He is very rarely known to talk, and when he does, it always comes as a shock to Axl and Hutch.
Charles "Hutch" Hutchinson (Alphonso McAuley) (seasons 5–8) is Axl's football teammate, best friend, and eventual roommate at college.
Edwin (Jimmy Bellinger) is Sue's manager at Spudsy's, where she works, starting in season 5.
Coach Tink Babbit (Brooke Dillman) (season 5-8) is the volleyball coach and detention monitor at Orson High School.
Devin Levin (Gia Mantegna) (season 6–8) is a relative of Frankie's hairdresser who becomes Axl's girlfriend in season 6. They break up in season 7 after mutually agreeing they should see other people during their college years.
Cindy (Casey Burke) is a strange classmate of Brick's who becomes his girlfriend in season 6. She is part of Brick's posse (Brick, Cindy, and Troy) in season 7. In the season 7 episode "Halloween VII", it is implied that Brick and Cindy eventually marry and start a family. In season 9 Brick breaks up with Cindy, but they get back together.
Dave (Malcolm Foster Smith) is one of Mike's employees.
Jim (Troy Metcalf) is one of Mike's employees.
Chuck (Greg Cipes) is one of Mike's employees.
Troy (Jovan Armand) is Brick's large classmate who initially protects him from bullies at school, then later becomes his friend.
Logan (David Hull) is Sue's love interest beginning in late season 6. They break up mid-season 7, as he says that he's changing his major to religious studies and wants to become a priest.
Lexie Brooks[9] (Daniela Bobadilla) is Sue's best friend and later college roommate, beginning in season 7. She is a nice, wealthy young woman (21) who shares a lot of Sue's interests and occasionally thinks others can afford the same luxuries she can and that her family's wealth is really no big deal when it actually gets pretty insane. She has a big crush on Axl, which Axl finally reciprocates in the Season 8 episode "The Par-tay".
Jeremy (Will Green) is a hardcore environmentalist and anti-capitalist whom Sue initially meets in season 7 when he is chained to a tree on campus. The two later begin dating, but Sue breaks up with Jeremy early in season 8.
Tyler (Keaton Savage) is the young man who drives the safe ride cart on the East Indiana State campus. He becomes Sue's brief love interest in Season 8.
April (Greer Grammer) (season 8) is Axl's former girlfriend, introduced in the season 8 premiere. April is a pretty blonde, but disliked by most of the Heck family since she's very ditzy. Later in the season they elope off-screen. They quickly have the marriage annulled after Axl realizes his mistake, but continue to date, before breaking up in the episode "Exes and Ohhhs".
Aidan (Jackson White) (season 9) is a guy Sue mistakes as the "mystery date" that Sean Donahue set up for her. Sue and Aidan then date for real, but the romance doesn't last long.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
24
September 30, 2009 (2009-09-30)
May 19, 2010 (2010-05-19)

2
24
September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22)
May 25, 2011 (2011-05-25)

3
24
September 21, 2011 (2011-09-21)
May 23, 2012 (2012-05-23)

4
24
September 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)
May 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)

5
24
September 25, 2013 (2013-09-25)
May 21, 2014 (2014-05-21)

6
24
September 24, 2014 (2014-09-24)
May 13, 2015 (2015-05-13)

7
24
September 23, 2015 (2015-09-23)
May 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)

8
23
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
May 16, 2017 (2017-05-16)

9
24[10]
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
May 22, 2018 (2018-05-22)

text: Development and production[edit]

text: The series was originally developed in the 2006–07 development cycle for ABC and was to star Ricki Lake as Frankie.[7] Atticus Shaffer was the only actor to retain his role when the show was re-developed.[11] ABC later ordered a second, cast-contingent pilot order tied to Patricia Heaton being cast in the leading role for the 2008-09 development cycle.[12]The series was created by Eileen Heisler and DeAnn Heline (who is from Muncie, Indiana)[13] and the pilot was directed by Julie Anne Robinson.[14]

text: The show was originally set to take place in Jasper, Indiana, though the setting was changed to the fictional Orson, Indiana on the advice of attorneys.[15] However, Orson is based on, and presumed to be located near Jasper. The show is filmed in Stage 31 at the Warner Bros. Ranch[16], with the house's exterior on the ranch's Blondie Street. Set director Julie Fanton shops at traditionally mid-western places, such as Target and Kohl's, so the show appears to have a realistic middle-class look.[13]

text: The series was picked up for a full season of 24 episodes after airing just two episodes.[17] On January 12, 2010, ABC Entertainment President Steve McPherson announced that he was renewing The Middle for a second season.[18][19] The show was renewed for a third season. The third season premiered with a one-hour episode on September 21, 2011. On May 10, 2012, ABC renewed the show for a fourth season,[20] which premiered with a one-hour special on September 26, 2012. The show was renewed for a fifth season on May 10, 2013. ABC confirmed on May 9, 2014 that the series was picked up for a sixth season of 22 episodes,[21] and officially ordered an additional two episodes in October of that year, bringing the season six total to 24.

text: On May 8, 2015, ABC officially picked up the series for a seventh season, renewing the contracts of the main cast at the same time. ABC renewed the series for season eight with a 22-episode order, later expanded to 23 episodes in December 2016.[22]

text: On January 25, 2017, ABC renewed The Middle for a ninth[2] and final[4] season.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes – audience score
Metacritic

1
74% (19 reviews)[23]
83% (73 reviews)[23]
70 (25 reviews)[24]

2
N/A
90% (45 reviews)[25]
N/A

3
N/A
92% (41 reviews)[26]
N/A

4
100% (5 reviews)[27]
86% (46 reviews)[27]
N/A

5
N/A
87% (90 reviews)[28]
N/A

6
N/A
83% (67 reviews)[29]
N/A

7
N/A
89% (49 reviews)[30]
N/A

8
N/A
93% (35 reviews)[30]
N/A

9
N/A
100% (16 reviews)[31]
N/A

text: The Middle has received critical acclaim, citing its unique and original characters along with critics praising the show's consistent standard and its realistic portrayal of lower-middle-class families. It holds a score of 71 on the review aggregator website Metacritic as of April 1, 2011.[32] Critics praise the show's good timing, writing, and acting, with Robert Bianco of USA Today saying, "...This series seems to more assuredly offer a first-class version of what so many viewers say they want: a humorous, heartfelt, realistic look at middle-class, middle-America family life."[33] The praise has been, so far, consistent, with Entertainment Weekly's Ken Tucker saying that, in season two, The Middle continues to be "...a rock-solid show, the saga of a family struggling to keep their heads above the choppy economic waters..."[34]

text: In the 2009–2010 season, The Middle ranked number six on Metacritic's "Best Reviewed New Network Show" list.[35] Airing behind the quickly cancelled Hank during its first season, ratings were not initially impressive, averaging fewer than 7 million viewers. At the start of the 2010/2011 season, ABC moved the show to the beginning of its prime time block (8:00 pm EDT) and ratings increased substantially, with the show usually ranking second in its time slot to CBS's Survivor.

text: In 2016, Bob Sassone of Esquire published an article called "The Middle Is the Best TV Show You're Not Watching" where he expresses the dissatisfaction of the series not having received nominations for several awards and not receiving the deserved attention of the critics, saying that "The Middle is the finest American sitcom on TV right now".[36] After ABC confirmed that the ninth season of The Middle would be the last, Devon Ivie of Vulture published that "The Middle Is One of TV’s Most Underrated Gems" saying that "I’ll miss the midwestern comfort of The Middle tremendously" and gave five reasons why readers should give to the show a chance to charm them.[37]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
Premiered
Ended
TV season
Rank (viewers)
Rank (demo)
Viewers
(in millions)
Demo (18-49)

Date
Premiere viewers
(in millions)
18–49 rating
Date
Finale viewers
(in millions)
18–49 rating

1
Wednesday 8:30 pm
24
September 30, 2009
8.71[38]
2.6[38]
May 19, 2010
7.55[39]
2.5[39]
2009–10
68[40]
63[40]
6.69[40]
2.3[40]

2
Wednesday 8:00 pm
24
September 22, 2010
8.81[41]
2.7[41]
May 25, 2011
7.33[42]
2.2[42]
2010–11
51[43]
59[43]
8.08[43]
2.4[43]

3
24
September 21, 2011
9.74[44]
3.1[44]
May 23, 2012
6.52[45]
2.0[45]
2011–12
60[46]
63[46]
8.08[46]
2.5 [46]

4
24
September 26, 2012
9.16[47]
2.9[47]
May 22, 2013
7.70[48]
2.0[48]
2012–13
45[49]
44[49]
8.42[49]
2.5[49]

5
24
September 25, 2013
8.94[50]
2.5[50]
May 21, 2014
7.85[51]
2.1[51]
2013–14
44[52]
N/A
8.24[52]
N/A

6
24
September 24, 2014
7.59[53]
2.2[53]
May 13, 2015
7.03[54]
1.8[54]
2014–15
53[55]
41[55]
8.68[55]
2.4[55]

7
24
September 23, 2015
8.21[56]
2.1[56]
May 18, 2016
6.73[57]
1.6[57]
2015–16
53[58]
34[59]
8.15[58]
2.2 [59]

8
Tuesday 8:00 pm
23
October 11, 2016
6.78[60]
1.8[60]
May 16, 2017
5.27[61]
1.2[61]
2016–17
53[62]
43[62]
7.02[62]
1.8

9
Tuesday 8:00 pm (1-17)
Tuesday 8:30 pm (18-)
24
October 3, 2017
6.21[63]
1.6[63]

2017–18

text: The season 3 episode "Halloween II" was the most watched episode so far, viewed by 10.16 million viewers.[64]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: In 2011, The Middle received a Gracie Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.[65] The 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards nominated the series for Best Comedy Series, Patricia Heaton for Best Actress in a Comedy Series, and Eden Sher for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

2010
Young Artist Award
Best Recurring Young Actor 14 and Over
Brock Ciarlelli
Nominated
[66]

Best Recurring Young Actress
Eden Sher
Nominated

Humanitas Prize
30 Minute Category
Episode: "The Block Party"
Nominated

2011
Gracie Award
Outstanding Comedy Series
The Middle
Won
[67]

1st Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated
[68]

Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Patricia Heaton
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Eden Sher
Nominated

Young Artist Award
Best Guest Starring Young Actor Ten and Under
Parker Contreras
Won
[69]

Mason Cook
Nominated

Best Recurring Young Actor
Brock Ciarlelli
Won

Best Guest Starring Young Actress 11–15
Kelly Heyer
Nominated

Best Recurring Young Actress 17–21
Blaine Saunders
Nominated

Outstanding Young Ensemble in a TV Series
Eden Sher, Atticus Shaffer, and Charlie McDermott
Nominated

2012
2nd Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Eden Sher
Nominated
[70]

1st PAAFTJ Television Awards
Best Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated
[71]

Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Patricia Heaton (Episode: "Thanksgiving III")
Won

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Eden Sher (Episode: "The Test")
Nominated

Best Production Design in a Comedy Series
Episode: "The Map"
Nominated

Young Artist Award
Best Recurring Young Actor 17–21
Brock Ciarlelli
Won
[72]

Best Guest Starring Young Actress 17–21
Katlin Mastandrea
Nominated

Best Guest Starring Young Actress Ten and Under
Marlowe Peyton
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Episode: "The Play"
Nominated
[73]

Humanitas Prize
30 Minute Category
Episode: "The Map"
Nominated

TV Guide Award
Favorite Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated

Online Film & Television Association Award
Best Guest Actress in a Comedy Series
Whoopi Goldberg
Nominated
[74]

2013
Young Artist Award
Best Recurring Young Actor 17–21
Brock Ciarlelli
Won
[75]

Best Recurring Young Actress 17–21
Katlin Mastandrea
Nominated

3rd Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated
[76]

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy
Eden Sher
Won

2013 Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Female Scene Stealer
Eden Sher
Nominated
[77]

TV Guide Award
Favorite Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated

2nd PAAFTJ Television Awards
Best Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated
[78]

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Charlie McDermott
Nominated

Best Artistic/Visual Achievement in a Comedy Series
Episode: "Hallelujah Hoedown"
Nominated

EWwy Awards
Best Actor in a Comedy Series
Neil Flynn
Nominated
[79]

2014
Young Artist Award
Best Recurring Young Actor 17–21
Brock Ciarlelli
Nominated
[80]

Best Recurring Young Actress 17–21
Katlin Mastandrea
Nominated

EWwy Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Eden Sher
Won
[81]

ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards
Top TV Series
Joey Newman
Won
[82]

Humanitas Prize
30 Minute Category
Episode: "Halloween IV: The Ghost Story"
Nominated
[83]

2014 Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Scene Stealer: Female
Eden Sher
Nominated
[84]

TV Guide Award
Favorite Comedy Series
The Middle
Nominated

2015
5th Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Eden Sher
Nominated

Young Artist Award
Best Recurring Young Actor 17–21
Brock Ciarlelli
Won
[85]

Best Guest Starring Young Actress 14–16
Ava Allan
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actor
Charlie McDermott
Nominated
[86]

Online Film & Television Association Award
Best Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
Dick Van Dyke
Nominated
[87]

2016
6th Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Eden Sher
Nominated
[88]

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Neil Flynn
Nominated

Humanitas Prize
30 Minute Category
Episode: "The Graduate"
Won
[89]

Young Entertainer Awards
Best Recurring Young Actress – Television Series
Casey Burke
Nominated
[90]

Best Guest Starring Young Actor – Television Series
Matt Cornett
Won

2017
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards
Top Television Series
Joey Newman
Won
[91]

Young Entertainer Awards
Best Recurring Young Actress – Television Series
Casey Burke
Pending
[92]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: On March 6, 2012, it was announced that ABC Family (now Freeform) obtained the rights to The Middle, which began airing the series on September 9, 2013.[93]

text: Hallmark Channel also acquired The Middle for syndication, which began airing in March 2014.[94] In addition, the series debuted in local syndication on September 16, 2013.[95] As of September 2017, the show is no longer available for local syndication.[96]

text: DVD distribution[edit]

text: In region 1, seasons 1–4 have had an official retail release. Starting with season 5, the series has been released as a MOD DVD-R via the Warner Archive Collection.[97] The Canadian releases continue to be traditionally manufactured and sold, but are otherwise identical to their American counterparts.[98] Distribution for regions 2 and 4 ended after the fourth season.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The Middle premiered in the U.S. on September 30, 2009, on ABC. It has aired on City (formerly Citytv) in Canada since the third season.[99] Previously, the show aired on A (now CTV Two) during its first season.[100] In Australia, the show premiered on December 7, 2009, on Nine Network. The New Zealand premiere was on May 8, 2010, on TV2. In India, the show premiered on January 5, 2015 on Romedy Now. In the UK, it premiered on August 29, 2010, on Sky1. Season 5 premiered on Comedy Central, UK on January 21, 2014, and in Ireland on April 16, 2014, on TV3. It has been adapted in Hindi on Reliance Broadcast Network comedy channel BIG MAGIC as Tedi Medi Family. It is also broadcast on the Neox Channel in Spain[101] and Warner Channel in Latin America and Brazil.[102][103]


document_title: Pei Wei Asian Diner

question_text: who owns pf chang's and pei wei

question_tokens: who owns pf chang 's and pei wei

root

text: Pei Wei Asian Diner

text: History[edit]

text: The restaurant chain was created as Pei Wei Asian Diner in 2000 by P. F. Chang's China Bistro (PFCB) to compete in the fast casual restaurant segment with a Pan Asian menu and quick, made-to-order service model, while P. F. Chang's remained in the full-service restaurant segment.[2] The first Pei Wei location opened in Scottsdale in 2000.[3] The first location outside of Arizona, the fourth in the chain, was opened in Dallas, Texas, in December 2001.[4] The company opened its first California location, the sixth in the chain, in Irvine in June 2002.[5] Pei Wei was able to open its 100th location in Little Rock, Arkansas in October 2006.[6] By 2010, the company had 168 locations primarily in California, Texas, Arizona and Florida, with a growing presence in the Northeast and Midwest.

tag: p

text: P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Inc. was acquired by Centerbridge Partners in July 2012, making P. F. Chang's China Bistro an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Wok Parent L.L.C.[7][8][9]

text: Over the years, Pei Wei’s dining experience has evolved to feature modern conveniences. In July 2015, the company started a customer loyalty program in which customers accumulate points during each visit that can be used to redeem rewards, including free food.[10] Pei Wei was among the first restaurant chains to accept Apple Pay, rolling out the technology to all locations in August 2015.[11] Customers can place takeout orders online or through the Pei Wei mobile app, launched in the App Store and Google Play in September 2016[12] to allow customers to find locations, view the menu, order and pay.

text: Pei Wei opened their first college campus location in August 2015 on the campus of Arizona State University.[13] Later that year, Pei Wei opened their 200th location in Richardson, Texas in October 2015.[14]

text: During 2016, Pei Wei withdrew operations in several states. As required under Ohio law, the company notified the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services on May 24 that the company was closing all three of its restaurants and laying off all of its affected workers within the state the following week.[15] One month later, the company closed all three of its locations within the state of Louisiana.[16][17]

text: That same year, the company opened five restaurants in Florida, four in Texas and one in Arkansas.[citation needed][18][19][20]

text: Pei Wei undertook an extensive rebranding campaign during the same period.[citation needed] The new brand position, designed to tap into the national dining trend toward more healthful eating, included the rollout of quinoa on its menu,[21] as well as the addition of a salad category[22] and several lighter small plate options. In 2016, the company opened its Pei Wei Test Kitchen restaurant in Scottsdale to develop and test new menu items and gather public feedback in real time.[23][24][25]

text: Pei Wei hired restaurant industry veteran John “J.” Hedrick as CEO[26] in 2017. Hedrick had previously served as COO of NPC International, the nation's seventh-largest restaurant operator with 1,300 fast food outlets with revenues exceeding $1.2 billion.

text: At the end of 2017, Pei Wei announced its separation from parent company, P.F. Chang’s China Bistro. This separation would lead the company to undergo a slight name change, as well as the relocation of its headquarters from Scottsdale to Irving, Texas. This was followed with a revamped website with a strong focus on simplifying the online ordering experience, and relaunch of the Pei Wei Rewards program powered by the Punchh platform.[27]

text: As a part of their separation from P.F. Chang, Pei Wei undertook a major rebranding campaign by hiring a new creative agency to revitalize the brand by replacing the company's longtime logo with the new tiger logo and to officially change the trading name of the business to Pei Wei Asian Kitchen in February 2018.[1]

text: International locations[edit]

text: In 2011, Pei Wei announced an agreement with Alsea to open franchise locations in Mexico.[28] The first location in Mexico opened in 2012. Due to lower than expected performance, all Mexico City locations were closed by the end of 2014.[29] All three locations were in Mexico City.[30]

text: In August 2012, Pei Wei opened its first location in Kuwait, operated by M.H. Alshaya Co.[31] The same franchisee opened the first location in Dubai, U.A.E. in April 2013.[32] By the end of 2014, Pei Wei had five international locations: two locations in Kuwait,[33] and three in the United Arab Emirates.[34]

text: In September 2016, Pei opened its first East Asian location in South Korea through a partnership with ELX Food & Beverage. The Korean location in Seoul's Starfield Hanam, the country’s largest shopping mall, is one of 11 locations that the chain plans to open by the end of 2017.[35]


document_title: AMA Computer University

question_text: when was ama granted a university status by the commission of higher education

text: AMA Computer University

text: History[edit]

text: AMA Institute of Computer Studies[edit]

text: AMA University and its sister school AMA Computer College (AMACC) were founded by Amable R. Aguiluz V, who named them after the initials of his father's name, Amable Mendoza Aguiluz, Sr.  Aguiluz saw the demand for fully trained computer professionals in the country. However, no institution in the country offered computer education to professionals.

text: Aguiluz founded the AMA Institute of Computer Studies with the first computer school located along Shaw Boulevard on 20 October 1980. At that time, AMA Institute of Computer Studies offered only short-term courses in Electronic Data Processing Fundamentals, Basic Programming, and Technology Career. Three student enrolled at the AMA Institute of Computer Studies during the first semester.

text: AMA Computer College, branches and sister schools[edit]

text: AMA Computer College came into existence in June 1981. It extended its services through a four-year Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science. With only a handful of students in its first year of operation, the AMACC student population rose dramatically from 600 in 1983 to 2,000 in 1985 in its first official campus in Makati City. Shortly after, it established its main campus in Quezon City. Two provincial campuses were then founded in Cebu and Davao City.

text: With the passage of the Philippine Republic Act No. 7722 or the Higher Education Act of 1994, privately controlled educational institutions' academic fees were deregulated. AMA increased tuition fees then solved the problem of low student population by embarking on a marketing, advertising and information campaign.

text: The emergence of AMACC led to the birth of AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC) in 1986 and AMA Telecommunication & Electronic Learning Center in 1996. The former offers short-course programs for professionals and two-year technical/vocational courses for those who wish to acquire employment skills. The latter is one of the first schools in the Philippines to concentrate on telecommunication, electronics, and related technologies.

text: It was the first school in the country to fully integrate the Internet into its curriculum. Since 1987, all major AMA colleges have been interconnected through a local area network (LAN), which converted them into one nationwide school system.

text: In 1991, Aguiluz gained accreditation for AMA Computer College in the American League of Colleges and Universities (ALOCU), thus, making AMA the first Filipino and non-American school to do so. AMACC became an official member of the John F. Kennedy Educational Institute in Japan. AMACC is accredited by the National Computing Centre United Kingdom.

text: Elevation to university[edit]

text: AMACU's Quality Management System has been ISO 9001-certified since March 1999 by Société Générale de Surveillance International Certification Services Canada, Inc.[citation needed]

text: AMA Computer College of Quezon City became AMA Computer University following the conferment of university status by the Philippine government's Commission on Higher Education (CHED) on 20 August 2001.[citation needed]

text: In 2003, AMA Computer University inked a partnership with Carnegie Mellon University's iCarnegie to use its curriculum and courses through e-learning. Previously, ICarnegie had approached STI for the agreement, but opted to stick with AMACU instead. As stated by iCarnegie President and CEO Allan Fisher, "the academic relationship between STI and iCarnegie went well, the business side of the agreement did not go as planned".[3]

text: 12 years after its elevation as university, AMA tapped Hewlett-Packard Philippines for the development and implementation of software testing academic subjects of its Information Technology degree course.[4]

text: Other AMA Computer College campuses[edit]

text: The Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) did not accredit other AMA campuses to use the title "University" and only permitted to use the title of "College" or "Institute" as these campuses have not met the requirements needed by the Philippine academic regulatory body.

text: In 2003, AMA Education system brokered a partnership with the government of Bahrain to establish the AMA International University in Manama.

text: AMA University Online Education[edit]

text: AMA University, the Asia's first and largest network of Schools and Universities has finally launched the very first and only full online platform offering full degree programs in the Philippines. As a dominant provider of holistic, relevant, and quality IT-based education, AMA University Online Education aims to educate every Filipino and anyone in the world who needs access to education in any region, in different timezone hence producing professionals and leaders that will be responsive to the developments of technology and the international community.

text: With two of the flagship which AMA University is known for and has pioneered also in the Philippines, Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, these CHEd and Level 3 PACUCOA Accredited Programs are now accessible without the hassle of flying to the Philippines or going to school. The advancement of technology opened AMA an opportunity to provide access and finish a degree through smartphone, tablet, laptop, or desktop making it very convenient for every student to learn and master lectures at their own pace, through their own ways.

text: Every trimester in AMA University Online lasts for 14 weeks (eq. to approx. 3 months) but with no definite start date. Which means once enrolled, the student may start right away and finish the degree within a 14-week duration. The student will no longer be late as they could access the lessons and even take assessments on their most convenient time, at their most convenient place.

text: With the overwhelming response of the Philippines market especially by the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), AMA University Online Education has partnered with the world's leading content and training providers such as Lynda.com (a Linkedin Company), McGraw Hill Education, Microsoft Virtual Academy, among others.

text: Athletic programs[edit]

text: In 2001, AMA joined the newly created National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (NAASCU). The AMACU Titans had a rocky start but in 2006, they beat their corporate rivals, the STI Olympians and became the 2006 NAASCU Champions. It participates in the Collegiate Champions League,[5] composed of top ranked varsity teams in the Philippines.

text: Dataline[edit]

text: Dataline, the official student publication of the university, has an office on the 2nd floor of the college building, releasing an issue each term. It is one of the two official student organizations of the university, the other being the Student Council (SC).

text: I Love You Virus[edit]

text: In 1999, AMA Computer College Makati student Onel de Guzman submitted a thesis proposal for the creation of a computer program that will hack into computer systems and extract vital information, particularly Internet Service accounts.[6] The proposal was unanimously rejected by the College of Computer Studies' academic board. De Guzman was scheduled to complete his studies in 2000 and an academic subject called "Thesis A" was one of his final requirements before graduation.

text: After commencement day on 3 May 2000, an e-mail trojan called "ILOVEYOU" spread internationally and caused delays in several online transactions. The ILOVEYOU virus unleashed a flood of e-mail that hit at least 45 million users in at least 20 countries according to one estimate. The virus started with "ILOVEYOU" in the subject line, but several variations appeared soon afterward, including one masquerading as an e-mail joke and another as a receipt for a Mother's Day gift. The virus both replicates itself and steals the user names and passwords of unsuspecting victims. The e-mail replies from angry virus recipients to the creator passed through the United States e-mail address "isp-adm@mail.com", which then forwarded them to the two Access.Net (Philippine Internet Service Provider) e-mail accounts used by the virus creator - "spyder@super.net.ph" and "mailme@super.net.ph".[7]

text: According to Guinness World Records, the ILOVEYOU virus was the fastest-spreading computer worm until the release of Mydoom in 2004.[8] The virus was traced to an apartment room in downtown Manila where De Guzman was residing. De Guzman was invited by the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) for questioning, and in an interview, admitted spreading the virus "by accident".[9] In response, AMA expelled de Guzman from AMA Makati and considered him a "drop out" for life. The NBI charged De Guzman for violation of Republic Act 8484 or the Access Devices Regulation Act oF 1998.[10] However, due to lack of sufficiency, the justice ministry dropped the charges as there was no clear legislation regulating the Internet. As a result of the incident, President Joseph Ejercito Estrada signed into law Republic Act 8792, known as the Philippine Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 on 14 June 2000.

text: Political affiliations[edit]

text: Amable Aguiluz V was Joseph Estrada's political endorser in the 1998 Presidential elections.[11] Aguiluz resigned from the Commission in November 1999 due to a controversial purchase of equipment by the commission from a subsidiary of the AMA Group of Companies.

text: Aguiluz's father Amable Aguiluz Sr. was Diosdado Macapagal' s friend and Aguiluz Sr. served as Chairman and Auditor-general of the Commission on Audit in the 1960s.[12] Arroyo was invited to AMA's sponsored political rallies. In 1995, Arroyo attended a political rally in AMA when she ran for re-election as senator. Arroyo attended all graduation rites for AMA from 2002 to 2005.[13] Arroyo cited AMA for not participating in cause oriented and student activist groups.[14] Arroyo appointed Aguiluz as Presidential Adviser for the Middle East.[15]

text: AMA's survey regarding Hello Garci scandal[edit]

text: The 2005 Hello Garci scandal, also known as the 2004 Presidential election rigging controversy, is one of the controversies against the President Gloria Arroyo. AMA commissioned four related SWS national public opinion surveys dated 22 and 27 October 2005.[16] These questions are:  1) The Congress and Senate are just wasting money and time in their investigations regarding jueteng and the Garci tapes, 2) The opposition does not have a clear plan for the country. Its only objective is to bring down the current administration,[clarification needed] 3) Often, news on television, on radio and in newspapers are purely negative and are no longer helping the country, 4) In spite of the accusations being hurled against Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, she still continues to implement good reforms.  Many militant groups and opposition politicians questioned the survey questions. The results of the survey are:

text:
On the first test statement, about half (54%) of Filipinos agree, while a fifth (22%) disagree, and another fifth (20%) are undecided. The net agreement is +32, indicating moderate agreement;
On the second test statement, 37% of Filipinos agree, while 28% disagree, and 31% are undecided. The net agreement is +9, indicating a split opinion;
On the third test statement, 41% of Filipinos agree, while 29% disagree, and 28% are undecided. The net agreement is +12, indicating a slight agreement.
On the last test statement, 37% of Filipinos agree, 34% disagree, and 26% are undecided. The net agreement (% agree minus % disagree) is +3, indicating a split opinion.

tag: ul

text: School principal case resolution[edit]

text: On 23 January 2007, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the NLRC regarding the dismissal of a high school principal.[17]

text: A high school principal was promoted on 13 May 1996 but an incident four days later led to her dismissal. A cashier at the company,  carried a brown envelope containing PhP 47,299.34 to the comfort room of the school. While inside, she placed the envelope on top of the (toilet bowl) tank. After she left the room, she realized the envelope was left behind, hence she returned to the comfort room, but the envelope was already gone. The incident was reported to the area director, who told that the only person she recalled entering the comfort room after her was the school principal. Investigation of the school principal was ordered. Thereafter, she was brought to the barangay office and the incident was entered in its blotter. On 20 May 1996, she was suspended.

text: School officials served the principal several notices to appear during the hearings and to submit her written explanation, but the hearings were always cancelled. On 19 June 1996, AMA dismissed the principal on the ground of loss of trust and confidence. On 21 June 1996, school officials sent her another notice directing her to appear on 27 June 1996 hearing and to submit a written explanation. The hearing was, again, cancelled. On 1 July 1996, AMA finally terminated her employment.

text: On 14 August 1996, Garay filed a complaint for her dismissal and on 14 September 1998, NLRC Labor Arbiter Eduardo Carpio rendered judgment. He ruled that there was no material and direct evidence to show that the employee took the collections. NLRC ordered AMA to immediately reinstate her to her former or substantially equal position and pay her backwages computed in the amount of P300,000.00 (1 July 1996 to 31 December 1998 = 30 months. P10,000.00 x 30 months = P300,000.00), moral damages of PhP 100,000.00 and exemplary damages of PhP 50,000.00.

text: Student case resolution[edit]

text: On 10 November 2004 the Regional Trial Court dismissed the case against 48 students and granted the students' motion to discontinue the proceedings after getting assurance from the school administration that they can continue with their studies. The students were ordered dismissed by school management 4 October 2004 for holding a protest rally in front of the school.

text: The students were dismissed from the school by the area director, school director and the school's disciplinary board after they held a protest rally in front of the school campus without the necessary permit. They said that the dismissal of the students was based on a resolution dated 9 October issued by Student Disciplinary Tribunal, which states that holding of rallies or any related activities without the necessary permit from an authorized school officer is a major offense that merits dismissal as provided for in the student handbook.

text: The students filed a 13-page civil suit with damages against the school for dismissing them. They also claimed their dismissal was null and void and violates their freedom of expression as enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. They said they held the rally to show support for the preventive suspension of several regular teachers, the implementation of the webcast teaching system and other unresolved issues regarding miscellaneous fees.

text: The students were accompanied by police authorities in going back to school.[18]

text: Daniel Padilla PBA D-League issue[edit]

text: Daniel Padilla, a local actor, signed as AMA University's fifth advertisement endorser. AMA then joined as an expansion basketball team to the 2014-2015 season of the PBA Developmental League and Padilla was selected by AMA as its final round draft pick.[19] Many spectators in the draft event at the PBA head office in Libis, Quezon City were surprised with the selection as Padilla was not part of the 153 players who submitted their application for the draft. AMA invoked its right as a school-based team to sign a player who hasn't applied for the draft.[20]

text: Padilla's professional handler, ABS-CBN's Star Magic denied reports Padilla was allowed to join the league and it was done without their prior knowledge.[21] AMA claimed that Padilla was enrolled by the university as a freshman for the course Information Technology. Padilla responded to news reporters and stated that it was much of his surprise that he was drafted without his prior knowledge and declined to join the basketball league.[22]

text: Academic units[edit]

text: Undergraduate programs[edit]

text:
College of Computer Studies
College of Engineering
College of Business Administration and Accountancy
College of Arts and Sciences
College of Education

text: Basic education programs[edit]

text: AMA Computer University also has pre-school, elementary, and high school programs under the brand St. Augustine International School (now AMA Basic Education).

text: AMA Computer University Town[edit]

text:
AMA University Town
Ground Breaking of AMA University CaviteLocation
General Trias, Cavite, PhilippinesCoordinates
14° 17' 2.076"N, 120° 54' 42.84" EOwner
AMA Group of Companies Operator
AMA Computer UniversityConstructionBroke ground
13 September 2013Built
13 September 2013 to 5 May 2019  (expected)Opened
27 May 2019 (2019-05-27) (expected)General contractor
Picar DevelopmentWebsite
http://www.aravista.com/

tag: table

text: The AMA Education Group is planning a campus named University Town. Expected to be completed in celebration of its 40th year, the AMA Computer University Town is a 50-hectare property in Ara Vista Village in General Trias, Cavite[23]  It draws its inspiration from old universities in the western world that spurred rapid development in the Host Township.[24][25]

text: The University Town will serve as another type of multi-use development, a primary institutional complex in a park-like setting. A network of open space and walkable distances from once destination to the other is laid out to encourage users to walk instead of using vehicles.

text: Sister schools[edit]

text: The AMA Education system has sister schools. Unlike the Quezon City campus, whose land is wholly owned, some of the campuses are on rented real estate. The campuses are overseen and monitored by government departments, such Department of Education (DepEd), Technical Skills and Development Authority (TESDA), Commission on Higher Education and the Philippine Maritime and Naval Agency (MARINA), for Norwegian Maritime Institute. Student population mainly determine the longevity of the campuses. Only the main campus of AMA, in Project 8, is accredited with a University status; all else are under study for proper accreditation.

text: Pursuant to TESDA compliance, the school offers ladderized education as well, a program that allows vocational students to pursue college easily, having their previous vocational course merits credited into their college curriculum.

text:
AMA Computer College (doing business as AMA Colleges) are educational institutions across the Philippines that offer the same programs as AMACU. The campuses in Caloocan, East Rizal, Makati, Las Piñas, Malolos, Biñan, Pasig, Bacolod, Fairview, Capiz, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, Davao are among these.
AMA International University is a partnership between the Kingdom of Bahrain and AMA Education System serving AMA's ICT programs in the Arab Region.
AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC College) are educational institutions across the Philippines that has a similar structure as AMA Computer College but only offered short Information Technology-related programs before. These programs range from Certificate (3-month), Diploma (1 year) to Associate (2-years). It uses a semestral (5-month) academic calendar. However, they are now offering 4 year courses as well.
St. Augustine School of Nursing are educational institutions across the Philippines that has a similar structure as AMA Computer Learning Center but only offer short Medical-related programs like caregiver course.
ABE International Business College are educational institutions across the Philippines that has a similar structure as AMA Computer Learning Center but only offers short business-related programs like e-Commerce Management.
AMA International Institute of Technology are educational institutions that have a similar structure as AMA Computer Learning Center but only offers short technology-related programs like radio technician course. Formerly  AMA Telecommunication & Electronic Learning Center, it is located in EDSA, Cubao, Quezon City.
Norwegian Maritime Academy are educational institutions across the Philippines that offer the same programs as AMACU. It focuses only in Maritime-related courses like Marine Engineering.
AMA School Of Medicine are educational institutions across the Philippines that offers the same programs as AMACU but is under study for accreditation or recognition by the Commission on Higher Education. It focuses in Medical-related courses like Nursing. The Doctor of Medicine or MD course is offered in the Makati Campus of AMA. This is an intensive 4-year course which has been operational since 2008.
AMA Basic Education (Formerly St. Augustine International School) are educational institutions across the Philippines that offer pre-school, elementary, and high school programs but is housed outside AMACU. The institution also claims utilization of the GEMS program for their Math curriculum.
Delta Air International Aviation Academy is an educational institution that offer studies in aviation. Its campus is located in the Old MIA Road in Parañaque and flight training area is located in Plaridel, Bulacan.

text: Notable alumni[edit]

text:
Mujiv Hataman – Governor of Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, 2011–present (Computer Engineering Batch 1994)[26]
Chito Jaime – PBA Player - San Miguel Beermen
Getulio Napeñas - former head of the Philippine National Police Special Action Force (Master of Science in Public Administration)
Rainier Castillo – as freshman before joining Starstruck
Teddy Corpuz – Rocksteddy's vocalist
Onel de Guzman – computer programmer and hacker
Jolina Magdangal – actress
Ryza Cenon – actress, dancer, and model


document_title: Pepsi

question_text: what did pepsi used to have in it

question_tokens: what did pepsi used to have in it

text: Pepsi

text: History

text: Pepsi was first introduced as "Brad's Drink"[2] in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold. It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word "dyspepsia" and the kola nuts used in the recipe. The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.[3] Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy.[2]

text: In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race." The advertising theme "Delicious and Healthful" was then used over the next two decades.[4]

text: In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered bankruptcy—in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on the wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark.[3] Megargel was unsuccessful, and soon Pepsi's assets were purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft, Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores' fountains after The Coca-Cola Company refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula.

text: On three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, The Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company, and it declined on each occasion.[5]

text: Rise

text: During the Great Depression, Pepsi-Cola gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle "Pepsi-Cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you", arranged in such a way that the jingle never ends. Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of 6.5 ounces per bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price.[6] Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled.[7]

text: Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth.

text: Niche marketing

text: Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported progressive causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using advertising for a general audience either ignored African Americans or used ethnic stereotypes in portraying blacks. Up until the 1940s, the full revenue potential of what was called "the Negro market" was largely ignored by white-owned manufacturers in the U.S.[8] Mack realized that blacks were an untapped niche market and that Pepsi stood to gain market share by targeting its advertising directly towards them.[9] To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field"[10] to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of World War II.

text: In 1947, Walter Mack resumed his efforts, hiring Edward F. Boyd to lead a twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a six pack of Pepsi while her son (a young Ron Brown, who grew up to be Secretary of Commerce)[11] reaches up for one. Another ad campaign]l, titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as Nobel Peace Prize winner Ralph Bunche and photographer Gordon Parks.

text: Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of blacks around the country to promote Pepsi. Racial segregation and Jim Crow laws were still in place throughout much of the U.S.; Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a result,[10] from insults by Pepsi co-workers to threats by the Ku Klux Klan.[11] On the other hand, it was able to use its anti-racism stance as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of The Coca-Cola Company for segregationist Governor of Georgia Herman Talmadge.[9] As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coca-Cola's shot up dramatically in the 1950s with African American soft-drink consumers three times more likely to purchase Pepsi over Coke.[12] After the sales team visited Chicago, Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.[9]

text: Journalist Stephanie Capparell interviewed six men who were on the team in the late 1940s. The team members had a grueling schedule, working seven days a week, morning and night, for weeks on end. They visited bottlers, churches, ladies groups, schools, college campuses, YMCAs, community centers, insurance conventions, teacher and doctor conferences, and various civic organizations. They got famous jazzmen such as Duke Ellington and Lionel Hampton to promote Pepsi from the stage. No group was too small or too large to target for a promotion.[13]

text: Pepsi advertisements avoided the stereotypical images common in the major media that depicted one-dimensional Aunt Jemimas and Uncle Bens, whose role was to draw a smile from white customers. Instead, it portrayed black customers as self-confident middle-class citizens who showed very good taste in their soft drinks. They were economical too, as Pepsi bottles were twice the size.[14]

text: This focus on the market for black people caused some consternation within the company and among its affiliates. It did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear white customers would be pushed away.[9] In a national meeting, Mack tried to assuage the 500 bottlers in attendance by pandering to them, saying "We don't want it to become known as a nigger drink."[15] After Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team faded and it was cut.[8]

text: Marketing

text: From the 1930s through the late 1950s, "Pepsi-Cola Hits The Spot" was the most commonly used slogan in the days of old radio, classic motion pictures, and later television. Its jingle (conceived in the days when Pepsi cost only five cents) was used in many different forms with different lyrics. With the rise of radio, Pepsi utilized the services of a young, up-and-coming actress named Polly Bergen to promote products, oftentimes lending her singing talents to the classic "...Hits The Spot" jingle.

text: Film actress Joan Crawford, after marrying Pepsi-Cola President Alfred N. Steele became a spokesperson for Pepsi, appearing in commercials, television specials, and televised beauty pageants on behalf of the company. Crawford also had images of the soft drink placed prominently in several of her later films. When Steele died in 1959, Crawford was appointed to the Board of Directors of Pepsi-Cola, a position she held until 1973, although she was not a board member of the larger PepsiCo, created in 1965.[17]

text: The Buffalo Bisons, an American Hockey League team, were sponsored by Pepsi-Cola in its later years; the team adopted the beverage's red, white, and blue color scheme along with a modification of the Pepsi logo (with the word "Buffalo" in place of the Pepsi-Cola wordmark). The Bisons ceased operations in 1970, making way for the Buffalo Sabres.

text: Through the intervening decades, there have been many different Pepsi theme songs sung on television by a variety of artists, from Joanie Summers to the Jacksons to Britney Spears. (See Slogans.)

text: In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests, the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the results to the public.[18]

text: Pepsi has been featured in several films, including Back to the Future (1985), Home Alone (1990), Wayne's World (1992), Fight Club (1999), and World War Z (2013).[19][20]

text: In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. "Project Blue" was launched in several international markets outside the United States in April. The launch included extravagant publicity stunts, such as a Concorde aeroplane painted in blue colors (which was owned by Air France) and a banner on the Mir space station.

text: The Project Blue design arrived in the United States test marketed in June 1997, and finally released in 1998 worldwide to celebrate Pepsi's 100th anniversary. It was at this point the logo began to be referred to as the Pepsi Globe.

text: By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing".[21]

text: In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned its cans for the fourteenth time, and for the first time, included more than thirty different backgrounds on each can, introducing a new background every three weeks.[22] One of its background designs includes a string of repetitive numbers, "73774". This is a numerical expression from a telephone keypad of the word "Pepsi".

text: In late 2008, Pepsi overhauled its entire brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo and a minimalist label design. The redesign was comparable to Coca-Cola's earlier simplification of its can and bottle designs. Pepsi also teamed up with YouTube to produce its first daily entertainment show called Poptub. This show deals with pop culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip.

text: Pepsi has official sponsorship deals with the National Football League, National Hockey League, and National Basketball Association. It was the sponsor of Major League Soccer until December 2015 and Major League Baseball until April 2017, both leagues signing deals with Coca-Cola.[23][24] Pepsi also has the naming rights to the Pepsi Center, an indoor sports facility in Denver, Colorado. In 1997, after his sponsorship with Coca-Cola ended, retired NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver turned Fox NASCAR announcer Jeff Gordon signed a long-term contract with Pepsi, and he drives with the Pepsi logos on his car with various paint schemes for about 2 races each year, usually a darker paint scheme during nighttime races. Pepsi has remained as one of his sponsors ever since. Pepsi has also sponsored the NFL Rookie of the Year award since 2002.[25]

text: Pepsi also has sponsorship deals in international cricket teams. The Pakistani national cricket team is one of the teams that the brand sponsors. The team wears the Pepsi logo on the front of their test and ODI test match clothing.

text: In July 2009, Pepsi started marketing itself as Pecsi in Argentina in response to its name being mispronounced by 25% of the population and as a way to connect more with all of the population.[26]

text: In October 2008, Pepsi announced that it would be redesigning its logo and re-branding many of its products by early 2009. In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for name brands. The brand's blue and red globe trademark became a series of "smiles", with the central white band arcing at different angles depending on the product until 2010. Pepsi released this logo in U.S. in late 2008, and later it was released in 2009 in Canada (the first country outside of the United States for Pepsi's new logo), Brazil, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panama, Chile, Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and Australia. In the rest of the world, the new logo was released in 2010. The old logo is still used in several international markets, and has been phased out most recently in France and Mexico. The UK started to use the new Pepsi logo on cans in an order different from the US can. Starting in mid-2010, all Pepsi variants, regular, diet, and Pepsi Max, have started using only the medium-sized "smile" Pepsi Globe.

text: In 2011, for New York Fashion Week, Diet Pepsi introduced a "skinny" can that is taller and has been described as a "sassier" version of the traditional can that Pepsi said was made in "celebration of beautiful, confident women". The company's equating of "skinny" and "beautiful" and "confident" drew criticism from brand critics, consumers who did not back the "skinny is better" ethos, and the National Eating Disorders Association, which said that it took offense to the can and the company's "thoughtless and irresponsible" comments. PepsiCo Inc. is a Fashion Week sponsor. This new can was made available to consumers nationwide in March.[27]

text: In April 2011, Pepsi announced that customers would be able to buy a complete stranger a soda at a new "social" vending machine, and even record a video that the stranger would see when they pick up the gift.[28]

text: In March 2013, Pepsi for the first time in 17 years reshaped its 20-ounce bottle. However, some areas did not get the updated bottles until early 2014.[29]

text: In November 2013, Pepsi issued an apology on their official Swedish Facebook page for using pictures of Cristiano Ronaldo as a voodoo doll in various scenes before the Sweden v Portugal 2014 FIFA World Cup playoff game.[30][31]

text: In November 2015, Pepsi announced it would launch a new variation called "1893".[32] This variation was released in 2016 as a Pepsi variation made with all natural ingredients.[33]

text: On April 4, 2017, Pepsi posted a commercial, dubbed “Live for Now (Pepsi)” to YouTube. In the commercial, Kendall Jenner is seen taking off her wig, removing her necklace, and leaving her photoshoot to join a protest going on. The protest ends when Jenner hands a police officer a can of Pepsi soda, reuniting everyone. The advertisement generated public controversy and criticism for trivializing protest movements such as Black Lives Matter. On April 5, 2017, Pepsi issued an apology and removed the commercial from YouTube.[34]

text: Rivalry with Coca-Cola

text: According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, and less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation. This became known as the "Cola Wars".

text: In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly reintroducing the original formula as "Coca-Cola Classic".

text: In 1989, Billy Joel mentioned the rivalry between the two companies in the song "We Didn't Start the Fire". The line "Rock & Roller Cola Wars" refers to Pepsi and Coke's usage of various musicians in advertising campaigns. Coke used Paula Abdul, while Pepsi used Michael Jackson. Both companies then competed to get other musicians to advertise its beverages.

text: According to Beverage Digest's 2008 report on carbonated soft drinks, PepsiCo's U.S. market share is 30.8 percent, while The Coca-Cola Company's is 42.7 percent.[35] Coca-Cola outsells Pepsi in most parts of the U.S., notable exceptions being central Appalachia, North Dakota, and Utah. In the city of Buffalo, New York, Pepsi outsells Coca-Cola by a two-to-one margin.[36]

text: Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. However, exceptions include: Oman, India, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, and Northern Ontario.[37]

text: Pepsi had long been the drink of French-Canadians, and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Québécois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product.[38] PepsiCo introduced the Quebec slogan "here, it's Pepsi" (Ici, c'est Pepsi'm) in response to Coca-Cola ads proclaiming "Around the world, it's Coke" (Partout dans le monde, c'est Coke).

text: As of 2012, Pepsi is the third most popular carbonated drink in India, with a 15% market share, behind Sprite and Thums Up. In comparison, Coca-Cola is the fourth most popular carbonated drink, occupying a mere 8.8% of the Indian market share.[39] By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977, when it left India because of the new foreign exchange laws which mandated majority shareholding in companies to be held by Indian shareholders. The Coca-Cola Company was unwilling to dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA), thus sharing its formula with an entity in which it did not have majority shareholding. In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy.[40]

text: In Russia, Pepsi initially had a larger market share than Coke, but it was undercut once the Cold War ended. In 1972, PepsiCo struck a barter agreement with the then government of the Soviet Union, in which PepsiCo was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi.[41][42] This exchange led to Pepsi being the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the Soviet Union.[43]

text: Reminiscent of the way that Coca-Cola became a cultural icon and its global spread spawned words like "cocacolonization", Pepsi-Cola and its relation to the Soviet system turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term "Pepsi-stroika" began appearing as a pun on "perestroika", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of that relationship and the Soviet policy. This was reflected in Russian author Victor Pelevin's book "Generation P".

text: In 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Coca-Cola was introduced to the Russian market. As it came to be associated with the new system and Pepsi to the old, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant market share that might otherwise have required years to achieve. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent.[44]

text: Pepsi did not sell soft drinks in Israel until 1991. Many Israelis and some American Jewish organizations attributed Pepsi's previous reluctance to do battle with the Arab boycott. Pepsi, which has a large and lucrative business in the Arab world, denied that, saying that economic, rather than political, reasons kept it out of Israel.[45]

text: Pepsiman

text: Pepsiman is an official Pepsi mascot from Pepsi's Japanese corporate branch. The design of the Pepsiman character is attributed to Canadian comic book artist Travis Charest, created sometime around the mid-1990s. Pepsiman took on three different outfits, each one representing the current style of the Pepsi can in distribution. Twelve commercials were created featuring the character. His role in the advertisements is to appear with Pepsi to thirsty people or people craving soda. Pepsiman happens to appear at just the right time with the product. After delivering the beverage, sometimes Pepsiman would encounter a difficult and action-oriented situation which would result in injury. Another more minor mascot, Pepsiwoman, also featured in a few of her own commercials for Pepsi Twist; her appearance is basically a female Pepsiman wearing a lemon-shaped balaclava.[46]

text: In 1996, Sega-AM2 released the Sega Saturn version of its arcade fighting game Fighting Vipers. In this game Pepsiman was included as a special character, with his specialty listed as being the ability to "quench one's thirst". He does not appear in any other version or sequel. In 1999, KID developed a video game for the PlayStation entitled Pepsiman. As the titular character, the player runs "on rails" (forced motion on a scrolling linear path), skateboards, rolls, and stumbles through various areas, avoiding dangers and collecting cans of Pepsi, all while trying to reach a thirsty person as in the commercials.[47][48][49]

text: Car contest in Novosibirsk

text: In 2002, at Novosibirsk, Pepsi created a contest to win a car, where customers who bought a bottle of Pepsi could win a car by choosing the right key for the car. However, when a man was able to open a car, he was sued by Pepsi, as Pepsi considered that he had forced the car open by applying pressure on the lock instead of selecting the right key, although the man stated that he had complied with every step of the contest rules.[50]

text: "We Will Rock You" music video

text: In 2004, advertising agency BBDO Paris produced a three-minute music video-style commercial for Pepsi featuring singers Britney Spears, Beyoncé and Pink as gladiatrixes sent into an ancient Roman colosseum to battle one another. Instead, they throw down their weapons and perform a cover version of Queen's 1977 hit song "We Will Rock You" to a cheering, foot-stomping crowd. They then drink cans of Pepsi while the Emperor (played by Enrique Iglesias) is thrown into the arena to face a lion.[51]

text: Ingredients

text:
Nutrition facts

Serving size 12 fl oz (355 ml)

Servings per container 1

Amount per serving

Calories 150[52]
Calories from fat 0

% Daily value*

Total fat 0 g
0%

   Saturated fat 0 g
0%

   Trans fat 0 g

Cholesterol 0 mg
0%

Sodium 15 mg
1%

Potassium 0 mg
0%

Total carbohydrate 41 g
14%

   Dietary fiber 0 g
0%

   Sugars 41 g

Protein 0 g

Vitamin A
0%
     Vitamin C
0%

Calcium
0%
     Iron
0%

*Percent daily values are based on a 2,000‑calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.

text: In the United States, Pepsi is made with carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid, and natural flavors. A can of Pepsi (12 fl ounces) has 41 grams of carbohydrates (all from sugar), 30 mg of sodium, 0 grams of fat, 0 grams of protein, 38 mg of caffeine, and 150 calories.[53][54] Pepsi has 10 more calories, 2 more grams of sugar and carbohydrates, and 11 grams fewer of potassium than Coke. The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients but without the caffeine.

text: In August 2010, PepsiCo entered into a 4-year agreement with Senomyx for the development of artificial high-potency sweeteners for PepsiCo beverages. Under the contract, PepsiCo is paying $30 million to Senomyx for the research and future royalties on PepsiCo products sold using Senomyx technology. According to PepsiCo, this collaboration will focus on the discovery, development, and commercialization of sweet enhancers, with the purpose of providing lower-calorie PepsiCo beverages. PepsiCo will have exclusive rights to the Senomyx sweet flavor ingredients developed through the collaboration.[55]

text: In September 2012, Pepsi launched a new product called Pepsi Next which contains 30% less sugar and added Stevia as a zero calorie sweetener. The product was rolled out in Australia and was launched in the US on February 27, 2013.[56]

text: Slogans

text: American slogans

text:
1939–1950: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"
1949: "Pepsi Cola P-E-P-S-I (spelled out), that's your smartest cola buy."
1949–1950: "Pepsi Cola hits the spot, two full glasses, that's a lot"
1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"
1950–1957: "Any Weather is Pepsi Weather"
1957–1958: "Say Pepsi, Please"
1959–1960: "The Sociables Prefer Pepsi"
1961–1964: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young" (jingle sung by Joanie Sommers)
1964–1967: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation" (jingle sung by Joanie Sommers)
1967–1969: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".
1969–1973: "You've Got a Lot to Live, and Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give"
1973–1977: "Join the Pepsi People (Feeling Free)"
1975–1978: "Have a Pepsi Day"
1979–1981: "Catch That Pepsi Spirit" (David Lucas, composer)
1981–1983: "Pepsi's got your taste for life"
1983–1984: "Pepsi Now! Take the Challenge!"
1984–1988 and 1990–1991: "Pepsi. The Choice of a New Generation" (featuring Michael Jackson)
1989: "Pepsi. A Generation Ahead"
1991–1992: "Gotta Have It"/"Chill Out"
1992: "The Choice Is Yours"
1992–1993: "Be Young, Have Fun, Drink Pepsi"
1993–1994: "Right Now" (Van Halen song for the Crystal Pepsi advertisement)
1994–1995: "Double Dutch Bus" (Pepsi song sung by Brad Bentz)
1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi"
1995–1996: "Drink Pepsi. Get Stuff." (Pepsi Stuff campaign)
1996: "Change The Script"
1997–1998: "Generation Next" (with the Spice Girls)
1998: "Generation Next" (with Ricky Martin, During 1998 FIFA World Cup)
1998–1999: "It's the cola" (100th anniversary commercial)
1999: "Ask for More" (commercial and promotional single with Janet Jackson)
1999–2000: "For Those Who Think Young"/"The Joy of Pepsi-Cola" (commercial with Britney Spears/commercial with Mary J. Blige)
2003: "It's the Cola"/"Dare for More" (Pepsi Commercial)
2006–2007: "Why You Doggin' Me"/"Taste the one that's forever young" (Mary J. Blige)
2007–2008: "More Happy"/"Taste the once that's forever young" (Michael Alexander)
2008: "Pepsi Stuff" Super Bowl Commercial (Justin Timberlake)
2008: "Pepsi is #1" TV commercial (Luke Rosin)
2008–present: "Something For Everyone"
2009–present: "Refresh Everything"/"Every Generation Refreshes the World"
2010–present: "Every Pepsi Refreshes The World"
2011–present "Summer Time is Pepsi Time"
2011–present "Born in the Carolinas"
2012: "Where there's Pepsi, there's music" – used for the 2012 Super Bowl commercial featuring Melanie Amaro
2012: "Change The Game" (featuring David Beckham, Ronaldinho, Cesc Fàbregas, and Lionel Messi)
2012: "The Best Drink Created Worldwide"
2013–2015, 2017: "Live for Now" – used for the 2013 Super Bowl Halftime show commercial featuring Beyoncé
2015: "Out of the Blue" - used exclusively for a music ad campaign encouraging music makers to send submissions in a contest.
2015: "The Joy of Pepsi-Cola"
2017–present: "Delicious. Refreshing. Pepsi."

text: International slogans

text:
1970s: "Lipsmackin' thirstquenchin' acetastin' motivatin' goodbuzzin' cooltalkin' highwalkin' fastlivin' evergivin' coolfizzin' Pepsi." (UK) [57]
1990–1991: "Yehi hai right choice Baby, Aha" (Hindi – meaning "This is the right choice Baby <sound of approval>") (India)
1996–1997: "Pepsi: There's nothing official about it" (during the Wills World Cup (cricket) held in India/Pakistan/Sri Lanka)
1999–2006: "Yeh Dil Maange More!" (Hindi – meaning "This heart asks for more") (India)
2002: "Change the World" (Japan)
2003–2007: "Khallik adaha" (Arabic) (Middle East and North Africa) – meaning "stay on its size"
2000–present: "Pepsi ye pyaas heh badi" ((Hindi) meaning "There is a lot of thirst" (India))
2009–present: "Yeh hai youngistaan meri jaan" (Hindi – meaning "This is our young country my darling")
2009–present: "My Pepsi My Way" (India)
2009–present: "Refresca tu Mundo" (Spanish – meaning "Refresh your world") (Spanish speaking countries in Latin America)
2009: "Joy It Forward" (Canada)
2010–2014: "Pepsi. Sarap Magbago." (Philippines – meaning "It's nice to change")
2010–2011: "Badal Do Zamana" (Urdu – meaning "Change The World" by CALL) (Pakistan)
2010–2011: "Love!" (Japan, for Pepsi Nex)
2010–present: "Pode ser bom, pode ser muito bom, pode ser Pepsi" ("It can be good, it can be very good, it can be Pepsi") – Brazil and Portugal
2011–present: "Change the game" (India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan for the 2011 Cricket World Cup)
2011–2013: "Dunya Hai Dil Walon Ki" (Pakistan – meaning "World is For Lovers" by Ali Zafar)[58]
2011–present: "Ici, c'est Pepsi" (Québec – meaning "Here, it's Pepsi")
2011–present: "Go Next!" (Japan, for Pepsi Next)
2013–present: "Kore BaMishpahot Hakhi Tovot!" (Hebrew) (Israel) – meaning "Happens to the best families"
2013–2015: "Dil Maange Abhi" (Urdu) (Pakistan – meaning "Heart Asks Now")[59]
2013–present: "Oh Yes Abhi" (Hindi) (India) - "meaning Oh Yes Now"
2013–present: "Yalla now!" (Arabic) (Middle East and North Africa) – meaning "Let's Go Now"
2015–present: "Live It Abhi" (India) (Pakistan, 2015–2016) – meaning "Live It Now"
2015–present: "Pepsi. Araw mo 'to." (Philippines – meaning "It's your day")
2016–present: "Seru Itu Pilihan" (Indonesian) (Indonesia) – meaning "The better choice"
2016–present: "Khana Banay Exciting" (Pakistan – meaning "Meal Turns Exciting" by Fawad Khan)[60]

text: Global slogans

text: 2013–present: "Embrace your past, but live for now" – Global campaign featuring Beyoncé.

text: Television channel

text: Pepsi MTV Indies

text: Variants

text: Fictional drinks

text:
Pepsi Perfect: A vitamin-enriched Pepsi variation shown in the movie Back to the Future Part II in scenes set in the year 2015. This was later released as a limited-edition drink.[61]
Pepsi Nex: Pepsi variation shown in the 2011 Japanese anime series, Tiger & Bunny. Pepsi then released a Pepsi Nex variant in Japan in 2012 for promotional purposes.[62]


document_title: India at the Olympics

question_text: who won the first medal for india at the rio olympics

text: India at the Olympics

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: India sent its first athlete to the Olympics for the 1900 games, but an Indian national team did not compete at the Olympics until 1920. Ahead of the 1920 Olympics, Sir Dorab Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India secure representation at the International Olympic Council, enabling it to participate in the Olympic Games (see India at the 1920 Olympic Games). India then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising four athletes, two wrestlers, and managers Sohrab Bhoot and A H A Fyzee. The Indian Olympic movement was then established during the 1920s: some founders of this movement were Dorab Tata, A.G. Noehren (Madras College of Physical Education), H.C. Buck (Madras College of Physical Education), Moinul Haq (Bihar sports associations), S. Bhoot (Bombay Olympic Association), A.S. Bhagwat (Deccan Gymkhana), and G.D. Sondhi (Punjab Olympic Association); Lt.Col H.L.O. Garrett (from the Government College Lahore and Punjab Olympic Association) and Sagnik Poddar (of St.Stephen's School) helped organise some early national games; and prominent patrons included Maharajas and royal princes Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, Ranji of Nawanagar, the Maharaja of Kapurthala, and the Maharaja of Burdwan.

text: In 1923, a provisional All India Olympic Committee was formed, and in Feb 1924 the All India Olympic Games (that later became the National Games of India) were held to select a team for the Paris Olympics. The Indian delegation at the Paris Olympics comprised seven athletes, seven tennis players and team manager Harry Buck.

text: In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA)-its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams-selected from the national games-to the Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Olympics, with G. D. Sondhi as manager for the Olympic team. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the Olympic Games in 1932 (four athletes and one swimmer) and 1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi.

text: From 1948 onward, because of the Indian Olympic Association's wider outreach, India began sending delegations of over 50 sportspersons representing several sports – each selected by its sports federation – to the Olympics. The delegation was headed by a chef-de-mission.

text: Thus, India’s Olympic delegation in the early Olympic Games was as follows:

text:
1900: One athlete
1920: 6 competitors (four athletes, two wrestlers) and managers Bhoot and Fyzee
1924: 14 competitors (seven athletes, seven tennis players) and manager Harry Crowe Buck
1928: 21 competitors (seven athletes and a hockey team of 14) and manager G D Sondhi
1932: 20 competitors (four athletes, one swimmer, and a hockey team of 15) and three officials headed by manager G D Sondhi
1936: 27 competitors (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter, and a hockey team of 19) and three officials including manager G D Sondhi
1948: 79 competitors and a few officials headed by chef-de-mission Moin ul Haq
1952: 64 competitors and some officials headed by chef-de-mission Moin ul Haq

text: Recent history[edit]

text: At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Abhinav Bindra won gold in the Men's 10 metre air rifle event becoming the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympic Games. Vijender Singh got the country's first medal in boxing with his bronze medal in Middleweight category.

text: The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83-member Indian contingent participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals (bronze at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver at the 2012 Summer Olympics) since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze medal in badminton in Women's singles getting the country's first Olympic medal in badminton. Pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal finish in Women's flyweight category.

text: At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P. V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.

text: List of competitors[edit]

text: This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the summer Olympic games.

text:
Games
Sports
Men
Women
Total
Change
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Change

1900
1
1
0
1
NA
0
2
0
2
NA

1920
2
6
0
6
+5
0
0
0
0
−2

1924
2
13
2
15
+8
0
0
0
0
0

1928
2
21
0
21
+7
1
0
0
1
+1

1932
3
30
0
30
+9
1
0
0
1
0

1936
3–4
27
0
27
−3
1
0
0
1
0

1948
10
79
0
79
+52
1
0
0
1
0

1952
11
60
4
64
−15
1
0
1
2
+1

1956
8
58
1
59
−5
1
0
0
1
−1

1960
6
45
0
45
−14
0
1
0
1
0

1964
8
52
1
53
+8
1
0
0
1
0

1968
5
25
0
25
−28
0
0
1
1
0

1972
7
40
1
41
+16
0
0
1
1
0

1976
2
20
0
20
−21
0
0
0
0
−1

1980
1
58
18
76
+56
1
0
0
1
+1

1984

48
−28
0
0
0
0
−1

1988
7

46
−2
0
0
0
0
0

1992
5

53
+7
0
0
0
0
0

1996
13
44
4
49
−4
0
0
1
1
+1

2000
7

65
+16
0
0
1
1
0

2004
14
48
25
73
+8
0
1
0
1
0

2008
12
31
25
56
−17
1
0
2
3
+2

2012
13
60
23
83
+27
0
2
4
6
+3

2016
15
66
54
118
+35
0
1
1
2
−4

text: This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the winter Olympic games.

text:
Games
Sports
Men
Women
Total
Change
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Change

1964
1
1
0
1
NA
0
0
0
0
NA

1968
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

1988
1
2
1
3
+2
0
0
0
0
0

1992
1
2
0
2
−1
0
0
0
0
0

1998
1
1
0
1
−1
0
0
0
0
0

2002
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

2006
3
3
1
4
+3
0
0
0
0
0

2010
3
3
0
3
−1
0
0
0
0
0

2014
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0

text: Medal tables[edit]

text: Medals by Summer Games[edit]

text:
Games
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Rank

 1896 Athens
did not participate

 1900 Paris
0
2
0
2[1]
17

 1904 St. Louis
did not participate

 1908 London
did not participate

 1912 Stockholm
did not participate

 1920 Antwerp
0
0
0
0
-

 1924 Paris
0
0
0
0
-

 1928 Amsterdam
1
0
0
1[2]
23

 1932 Los Angeles
1
0
0
1[3]
19

 1936 Berlin
1
0
0
1[4]
20

 1948 London
1
0
0
1[5]
22

 1952 Helsinki
1
0
1
2[5]
26

 1956 Melbourne
1
0
0
1[5]
24

 1960 Rome
0
1
0
1[6]
32

 1964 Tokyo
1
0
0
1[7]
24

 1968 Mexico City
0
0
1
1[8]
42

 1972 Munich
0
0
1
1[9]
43

 1976 Montreal
0
0
0
0
-

 1980 Moscow
1
0
0
1[10]
23

 1984 Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
-

 1988 Seoul
0
0
0
0
-

 1992 Barcelona
0
0
0
0
-

 1996 Atlanta
0
0
1
1[11]
71

 2000 Sydney
0
0
1
1[12]
71

 2004 Athens
0
1
0
1[13]
65

 2008 Beijing
1
0
2
3[13]
50

 2012 London
0
2
4
6[13]
55

 2016 Rio de Janeiro
0
1[14]
1[15]
2[16]
67

Total
9
7
12
28

text: Medals by sport[edit]

text:
Sport
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Rank

 Field hockey
8
1
2
11
1

 Shooting
1
2
1
4
34

 Athletics
0
2
0
2
71

 Wrestling
0
1
4
5
43

 Badminton
0
1
1
2
9

 Boxing
0
0
2
2
64

 Tennis
0
0
1
1
30

 Weightlifting
0
0
1
1

56

Total
9
7
12
28

text: List of medalists[edit]

text:
Medal
Name/Team
Games
Sport
Event

02 ! Silver
Pritchard, NormanNorman Pritchard[1][17]
 1900 Paris
Athletics
Men's 200 metres

02 ! Silver
Pritchard, NormanNorman Pritchard[1][17]
 1900 Paris
Athletics
Men's 200 metre hurdles

01 ! Gold
National team[2]
 1928 Amsterdam
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[3]
 1932 Los Angeles
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[4]
 1936 Berlin
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1948 London
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1952 Helsinki
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
Jadhav, Khashaba DadasahebKhashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav[5]
 1952 Helsinki
Wrestling
Men's freestyle bantamweight

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1956 Melbourne
Field hockey
Men's competition

02 ! Silver
National team[6]
 1960 Rome
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[7]
 1964 Tokyo
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
National team[8]
 1968 Mexico City
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
National team[9]
 1972 Munich
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[10]
 1980 Moscow
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
Paes, LeanderLeander Paes[11]
 1996 Atlanta
Tennis
Men's singles

03 ! Bronze
Malleswari, KarnamKarnam Malleswari[12]
 2000 Sydney
Weightlifting
Women's 69 kg

02 ! Silver
Rathore, Rajyavardhan SinghRajyavardhan Singh Rathore[13]
 2004 Athens
Shooting
Men's double trap

01 ! Gold
Bindra, AbhinavAbhinav Bindra[13]
 2008 Beijing
Shooting
Men's 10 m Air Rifle

03 ! Bronze
Singh, VijenderVijender Singh[13]
 2008 Beijing
Boxing
Middleweight

03 ! Bronze
Kumar, SushilSushil Kumar[13]
 2008 Beijing
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 66 kg

02 ! Silver
Vijay Kumar[13]
 2012 London
Shooting
Men's 25 Rapid Fire Pistol

02 ! Silver
Kumar, SushilSushil Kumar[13]
 2012 London
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 66 kg

03 ! Bronze
Saina Nehwal[13]
 2012 London
Badminton
Women's singles

03 ! Bronze
Mary Kom[13]
 2012 London
 Boxing
Women's flyweight

03 ! Bronze
Narang, GaganGagan Narang[13]
 2012 London
Shooting
Men's 10m Air Rifle

03 ! Bronze
Yogeshwar Dutt[13]
 2012 London
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 60 kg

02 ! Silver
P. V. Sindhu[14]
 2016 Rio de Janeiro
Badminton
Women's singles

03 ! Bronze
Sakshi Malik[15]
 2016 Rio de Janeiro
Wrestling
Women's freestyle 58 kg