document_title: Wedding anniversary

question_text: what is the traditional third year wedding anniversary gift

text: Wedding anniversary

text: History and origins[edit]

text: The historic origins of wedding anniversaries date back to the Holy Roman Empire, where husbands crowned their wives with a silver wreath on their twenty-fifth anniversary, and a gold wreath on the fiftieth. Later, principally in the twentieth century, commercialism led to the addition of more anniversaries being represented by a named gift.[1]

text: Britain and the Commonwealth[edit]

text: In the Commonwealth realms, one can receive a message from the monarch for 60th, 65th, and 70th wedding anniversaries, and any wedding anniversary after that, currently sent as a greeting card.[2] This is done by applying to Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, or to the Governor-General's office in the other Commonwealth realms.[3]

text: In Australia, where one can receive a letter of congratulations from the Governor-General on the 50th and all subsequent wedding anniversaries; the Prime Minister, the federal Opposition leader, local members of both state and federal parliaments, and state Governors may also send salutations for the same anniversaries.[4]

text: North American[edit]

text: In Canada, one can also receive a message from the Governor-General for the 50th anniversary, and every fifth anniversary after that.[5]

text: In the United States, a couple can receive a greeting from the President for any wedding anniversary on or after the 50th.[6]

text: Roman Catholic blessings[edit]

text: Roman Catholics may apply to the Office of Papal Charities for a papal blessing for wedding anniversaries of a special nature (25th, 50th, 60th, etc.); however, Archbishop Konrad Krajewski stated that after 1 January 2015 blessings will not be available to stores or businesses outside the Vatican, but by applying, scrolls can be shipped anywhere.[7][8]

text: Denmark and the Netherlands[edit]

text: In Denmark and the Netherlands, a couple's copper anniversary is 12.5 years (half of 25).

text: Celebration and gifts[edit]

text: The names of some anniversaries provide guidance for appropriate or traditional gifts for the spouses to give each other; if there is a party these can be brought by the guests or influence the theme or decoration. These gifts vary in different countries, but some years have well-established connections now common to most nations: 5th Wood, 10th Tin, 15th Crystal, 20th China, 25th Silver, 30th Pearl, 40th Ruby, 50th Gold, 60th Diamond, 70th Platinum. In English speaking countries the first, wooden, gift was cut on the day of celebration and then presented to the wife as a finished article before the next two quarter days had passed. The tradition may have originated in medieval Germany where, if a married couple lived to celebrate the 25th anniversary of their wedding, the wife was presented by her friends and neighbors with a silver wreath to congratulate them for the good fortune that had prolonged the lives of the couple. Over time the number of symbols expanded and the German tradition came to assign gifts that had direct connections with each stage of married life. The symbols have changed over time. For example, in the United Kingdom, diamond was a well known symbol for the 75th anniversary, but this changed to the now more common 60th anniversary after the Diamond Anniversary of Queen Victoria. The current monarch Queen Elizabeth II's 60th year on the throne was widely marked as her Diamond Jubilee and commemorated in 2012.

text: Anniversary gift lists [edit]

text: Traditional and modern anniversary gifts [edit]

text: Lists of wedding anniversary gifts vary by country. The traditional and modern U.S. versions were compiled by librarians at the Chicago Public Library.[9][10][11][12]

text:
Year
Traditional (U.S.)
Traditional (UK)[13]
Modern (U.S.)

1st
Paper
Cotton
Clock

2nd
Cotton
Paper
China

3rd
Leather
Leather
Crystal, glass

4th
Linen, silk
Fruit
Appliances (electrical)

5th
Wood
Wood
Silverware

6th
Iron
Sugar
Wood objects

7th
Wool, copper
Wool
Desk sets/pen and pencil sets

8th
Bronze
Salt
Linens, lace

9th
Pottery
Copper
Leather goods

10th
Tin, Aluminum
Tin
Diamond jewelry

11th
Steel

Fashion jewelry, accessories

12th
Silk
Linen, silk
Pearls, colored gems

13th
Lace

Textiles, furs

14th
Ivory

Gold jewelry

15th
Crystal
Crystal
Watches

16th

Silver holloware

17th

Furniture

18th

Porcelain

19th

Bronze

20th
China
China
Platinum

21st

Brass, Nickel

22nd

Copper

23rd

Silver plate

24th
Opal

Musical instruments

25th
Silver
Silver
Silver

30th
Pearl
Pearl
Diamond

35th
Coral, jade
Coral
Jade

40th
Ruby
Ruby
Ruby

45th
Sapphire

Sapphire

50th
Gold
Gold
Gold

55th
Emerald

Emerald

60th
Diamond (yellow)
Diamond
Diamond

65th

Blue sapphire

70th

Platinum[14][15][16]

75th
Diamond, gold

Diamond, gold

80th

Oak[17]
Diamond, pearl

90th

Granite [18]
Diamond, Emerald

text: Flower gifts[edit]

text:
Year
Flower

1st
Carnation

2nd
Lily of the Valley

3rd
Sunflower

4th
Hydrangea

5th
Daisy

6th
Calla

7th
Freesia

8th
Lilac

9th
Bird of paradise

10th
Daffodil

11th
Tulip

12th
Peony

13th
Chrysanthemum

14th
Dahlia

15th
Rose

19th
Sweetpea

20th
Aster

25th
Iris

28th
Orchid

30th
Lily

40th
Gladiolus

50th
Yellow rose, violet

text: Gemstone jewelry gifts[edit]

text: The Jewelry Anniversary list with gemstone jewelry for each anniversary year was established by The American Gem Society, The Gemological Institute of America, The American Gem Trade Association, Jewelers of America, and the International Colored Gemstone Association.[19]

text:
Year
Gemstone

1st
Mother of Pearl

2nd
Garnet

3rd
Moonstone

4th
Blue Topaz

5th
Rose Quartz

6th
Amethyst

7th
Onyx

8th
Tourmaline

9th
Lapis Lazuli

10th
Crystal or green Tourmaline

11th
Turquoise

12th
Jade

13th
Citrine

14th
Opal

15th
Rhodolite

20th
Emerald

25th
Tsavorite

30th
Pearl

40th
Ruby

50th
Gold

60th
Diamond

65th
Sapphire

70th
Platinum


document_title: Dirty Dancing

question_text: who got the girl pregnant in dirty dancing

root

text: Dirty Dancing

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the summer of 1963, 17-year-old Frances "Baby" Houseman is vacationing with her family at Kellerman's,[5] a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby, the younger of two daughters, plans to study economics in underdeveloped countries and enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake, is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman, the resort proprietor. Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle, and meets his cousin, Billy. The staff holds secret after-hours parties in their quarters, and Baby is surprised by their "dirty dancing". Intrigued, Baby receives a brief, impromptu dance lesson from Johnny.

tag: p

text: Baby discovers that Johnny's dance partner, Penny Johnson, is pregnant by Robbie Gould, a womanizing waiter who is cheating on Baby's older sister, Lisa. Baby borrows money from her father to pay for Penny's illegal abortion without explaining why. Penny eventually accepts the money but identifies another issue. Penny will miss her weekly dance performance if she goes for the abortion, forfeiting Penny's and Johnny's salary for the season. Billy suggests that Baby fill in for her. Johnny's scoffing overcomes Baby's initial resistance. Billy and Penny insist that Johnny can teach anyone to dance. Johnny teaches Baby the mambo, and the two spend several awkward practice sessions together. Baby gradually improves, and they develop a romantic attraction.

text: Billy takes Penny to an abortionist. Johnny's and Baby's performance is mostly successful, although Baby is too nervous to accomplish the dance's climactic lift. Johnny and Baby return to Kellerman's and find Penny in agony. Billy explains that the "doctor" turned out to be a back-alley hack. Baby brings her father to help Penny. Johnny claims responsibility for her pregnancy out of fear that Penny will be fired if her relationship with Robbie is revealed. Jake treats Penny but forbids Baby from associating with Johnny or his friends. After Baby apologizes to Johnny for her father's behavior, they dance and have sex. At breakfast, Jake tells his family they will be leaving the resort early but relents when they object. Baby continues to see Johnny despite her father's warning. She pulls Johnny off the footpath when her father is nearby, and Johnny is hurt that she will not stand up for him. After Robbie taunts them, Johnny assaults him.

text: Due to his growing feelings for Baby, Johnny refuses payment for sex with another guest, Vivian Pressman. Vivian has sex with Robbie in his cabin, and Lisa accidentally interrupts them. When Vivian leaves the cabin the next morning, she sees Baby leave Johnny's cabin. Over breakfast, Max and Neil Kellerman reveal to the Housemans that Moe Pressman's wallet was stolen. Vivian accuses Johnny of the theft in a fit of jealousy. Johnny is unable to provide a verifiable alibi, to protect his relationship with Baby. To save Johnny from being fired, Baby confesses she was with him. Johnny is cleared of the theft after it is revealed that two elderly guests, Mr. and Mrs. Schumacher, stole several guests' wallets. Max fires Johnny anyway for having a fraternizing affair with Baby. Baby and Johnny embrace and bid farewell to each other, saying they will never regret their affair. Baby pointedly apologizes to Jake for lying about her relationship with Johnny but not for the relationship itself.

text: Baby and her parents watch the end-of-season talent show. Jake gives Robbie a tip in an envelope. Robbie thanks Jake, and reveals that he got Penny pregnant; Jake yanks the envelope back. Staff and guests (including Lisa) are singing the closing song together when Johnny interrupts them to perform the last dance of the season. Johnny leads Baby onstage and makes a brief speech about how "Frances" has made him a better man. Baby and Johnny dance a more provocative version of their mambo duet, and the other "dirty dancers" join in. Baby runs to Johnny and executes the elusive lift move they practiced. The dirty dancers pull guests from their seats to join in the celebration. Jake apologizes to Johnny for thinking he got Penny pregnant and reconciles with Baby. All dance joyously to "(I've Had) The Time of My Life".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jennifer Grey as Frances "Baby" Houseman
Patrick Swayze as Johnny Castle
Cynthia Rhodes as Penny Johnson
Jerry Orbach as Doctor Jake Houseman
Jane Brucker as Lisa Houseman
Jack Weston as Max Kellerman
Lonny Price as Neil Kellerman
Kelly Bishop as Marjorie Houseman
Antone Pagán as The Staff Kid
Max Cantor as Robbie Gould
Charles Coles as Tito Suarez
Neal Jones as Billy Kostecki
Miranda Garrison as Vivian Pressman
Garry Goodrow as Moe Pressman
Wayne Knight as Stan
Paula Trueman as Mrs. Schumacher
Alvin Myerovich as Mr. Schumacher

tag: ul

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Be My Baby" – The Ronettes
"Big Girls Don't Cry" – Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons
"Where Are You Tonight?" – Tom Johnston
"Do You Love Me" – The Contours
"Love Man" – Otis Redding
"Stay" – Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs
"Hungry Eyes" – Eric Carmen
"Overload" – Zappacosta
"Hey! Baby" – Bruce Channel
"De Todo Un Poco" – Melon
"Some Kind of Wonderful" – The Drifters
"These Arms Of Mine" – Otis Redding
"Cry to Me" – Solomon Burke
"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" – The Shirelles
"Love Is Strange" – Mickey & Sylvia
"You Don't Own Me" – The Blow Monkeys
"Yes" – Merry Clayton
"In the Still of the Night" – The Five Satins
"She's Like the Wind" – Patrick Swayze
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes

tag: ol

text: Note: Actress Jane Brucker wrote the song "Hula Hana," which she performed in her role of Lisa in the show rehearsal scene.[8]

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Dirty Dancing is based in large part on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood: she is the younger daughter of a Jewish doctor from New York, spent summers with her family in the Catskills, participated in "Dirty Dancing" competitions, and was herself nicknamed "Baby" as a girl. In 1980, Bergstein wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film, It's My Turn. However, the producers cut an erotic dancing scene from the script, much to her dismay. She then conceived a new story, focused almost exclusively on dancing. In 1984, she pitched the idea to MGM executive Eileen Miselle, who liked it and teamed Bergstein with producer Linda Gottlieb. They set the film in 1963, with the character of Baby based on Bergstein's own life, and the character of Johnny based on the stories of Michael Terrace, a dance instructor whom Bergstein met in the Catskills in 1985 while she was researching the story.[citation needed] She finished the script in November 1985, but management changes at MGM put the script into turnaround, or limbo.

text: Bergstein then shopped the script around to other studios but was repeatedly rejected, until she brought it to Vestron Pictures, the newly formed studio division of Stamford, Connecticut, based Vestron Inc., the leading independent home video distribution company.[citation needed] While honing their pitch to Vestron, Gottlieb and Bergstein chose Emile Ardolino as the film's director, who had won the 1983 Academy Award for the documentary, He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'. Ardolino had never directed a feature film, but was extremely passionate about the project; he even sent a message from where he was sequestered on jury duty, insisting that he was the best choice as director. The team of Gottlieb, Bergstein, and Ardolino then presented their vision for the film to Vestron's president, Jon Peisinger, and the company's vice president for production, Mitchell Cannold. By the end of the meeting, Peisinger had greenlighted the project to become Vestron's first feature film production. The approved film was budgeted at the relatively low amount of $5 million, at a time when the average cost for a film was $12 million.[9]

text: For choreographer, Bergstein chose Kenny Ortega, who had been trained by Gene Kelly.[10] For a location, they did not find anything suitable in the Catskills (as many of the resorts had been shut down at that point), so they decided on a combination of two locations: Lake Lure, North Carolina and the Mountain Lake Hotel near Pembroke, Virginia, and with careful editing made it look like all shooting was done in the same area.[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Director Ardolino was adamant that they choose dancers who could also act, as he did not want to use the "stand-in" method that had been used with Flashdance (1983). For the female lead of Frances "Baby" Houseman, Bergstein chose the 26-year-old Jennifer Grey, daughter of the Oscar-winning actor and dancer Joel Grey (e.g., of the film Cabaret (1972)), who, like her father, was a trained dancer. They then sought a male lead, initially considering 20-year-old Billy Zane, who had the visual look desired (originally the Johnny character was to be Italian and have a dark exotic look), but initial dancing tests when he was partnered with Grey did not meet expectations. The next choice was 34-year-old Patrick Swayze, who had been noticed for his roles in Grandview, U.S.A. (1984) and Red Dawn (1984). He was a seasoned dancer, with experience from the Joffrey Ballet. The producers were thrilled with him, but his agent was opposed to the idea. However, Swayze read the script, liked the multi-level character of Johnny, and took the part anyway, and Johnny was changed from being Italian to Irish. Grey was initially not happy about the choice, as she and Swayze had difficulty getting along on Red Dawn, but when they did their dancing screen test, the chemistry between them was obvious. Bergstein described it as "breathtaking".[12]

text: Other casting choices were Broadway actor Jerry Orbach as Dr. Jake Houseman, Baby's father; and Jane Brucker as Lisa Houseman, her older sister. Bergstein also attempted to cast her friend, sex therapist Dr. Ruth Westheimer, to play Mrs. Schumacher, and Joel Grey as her husband. However, Westheimer backed out when she learned the role involved being a thief. The role went instead to 89-year-old Paula Trueman, and Joel Grey was not cast. Another role went to Bergstein's friend, New York radio personality "Cousin Brucie". She initially wanted him to portray the social director but then later asked him to play the part of the magician. The role of the social director went to the then unknown Wayne Knight (of later Seinfeld and 3rd Rock from the Sun fame).[13] The part of Baby's mother was originally given to Lynne Lipton, who is briefly visible in the beginning, when the Houseman family first pulls into Kellerman's (she is in the front seat for a few seconds; her blonde hair is the only indication), but she became ill during the first week of shooting and was replaced by actress Kelly Bishop, who had already been cast to play Vivian Pressman, the highly sexed resort guest. Bishop moved into the role of Mrs. Houseman, and the film's assistant choreographer Miranda Garrison took on the role of Vivian.[14][15]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for Dirty Dancing took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina, and Mountain Lake, Virginia. Scenes in Lake Lure were filmed at the old Boys Camp, which is now a private, residential community known as Firefly Cove. These scenes included the interior dancing scenes, Baby carrying the watermelon and practicing on the signature stairs, Johnny's cabin, the staff cabins, the golf scene where Baby asks her father for $250. Scenes filmed at Mountain Lake included the famous "water lift" scene, dining scenes, Kellerman's Hotel, the beach games, Penny crying in the kitchen, and the Houseman family's cabins.[citation needed]

text: The tight schedule allowed only two weeks for rehearsal and 44 days for filming, as it was already the tail end of summer. The cast stayed in the same hotel at Mountain Lake Lodge in Pembroke, Virginia and at the 1927 Lake Lure Inn & Spa in Lake Lure, N.C. Rehearsals quickly turned into disco parties involving nearly every cast member, even non-dancers such as Jack Weston.[citation needed]

text: The dancing and drinking went on almost non-stop and, immersed in the environment, the lead actors, Grey and Swayze, began identifying with their characters. Bergstein built upon this, encouraging the actors to improvise in their scenes. She also built the sexual tension by saying that no matter how intimate or "grinding" the dance steps, that none of the dancers were to have any other kind of physical contact with each other for the next six months.[12]

text: Filming started on September 5, 1986 but was plagued by the weather, which ranged from pouring rain to sweltering heat. The outside temperature rose to 105 °F (41 °C), and with all the additional camera and lighting equipment needed for filming, the temperature inside could be as high as 120 °F (49 °C). According to choreographer Kenny Ortega, on one day 10 people passed out within 25 minutes of shooting. The elderly Paula Trueman collapsed and was taken to the local emergency room to be treated for dehydration. Patrick Swayze also required a hospital visit; insisting on doing his own stunts, he repeatedly fell off the log during the "balancing" scene and injured his knee so badly he had to have fluid drained from the swelling.[12]

text: Delays in the shooting schedule pushed filming into the autumn, which required the set decorators to spray-paint the autumn leaves green. The uncooperative weather then took a different turn, plunging from oppressive heat to down near 40 °F (4 °C), causing frigid conditions for the famous swimming scene in October. The crew wore warm coats, gloves, and boots. Swayze and Grey stripped down to light summer clothing, to repeatedly dive into the cold water.[11] Despite her character's enjoyment, Grey later described the water as "horrifically" cold, and she might not have gone into the lake, except that she was "young and hungry".[14]

text: Relations between the two main stars varied throughout production. They had already had trouble getting along in their previous project, Red Dawn (1984), and worked things out enough to have an extremely positive screen test, but that initial cooperation soon faded, and they were soon "facing off" before every scene.[12] There was concern among the production staff that the animosity between the two stars would endanger the filming of the love scenes. To address this, producer Bergstein and director Ardolino forced the stars to re-watch their initial screen-tests—the ones with the "breathtaking" chemistry. This had the desired effect, and Swayze and Grey were able to return to the film with renewed energy and enthusiasm.[14]

text: Director Ardolino encouraged the actors to improvise and often kept the cameras rolling, even if actors went "off script". One example of this was the scene where Grey was to stand in front of Swayze with her back to him and put her arm up behind his head while he trailed his fingers down her arm (similar to the pose seen in the movie poster). Though it was written as a serious and tender moment, Grey was exhausted, found the move ticklish, and could not stop giggling each time Swayze tried it, no matter how many takes Ardolino asked for. Swayze was impatient to finish the scene and found Grey's behavior annoying. However, the producers decided the scene worked as it was and put it into the film, complete with Grey's giggling and Swayze's annoyed expression. It became one of the most famous scenes in the movie, turning out, as choreographer Kenny Ortega put it, "as one of the most delicate and honest moments in the film."[12]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: The shooting wrapped on October 27, 1986, both on-time and on-budget. No one on the team, however, liked the rough cut that was put together, and Vestron executives were convinced the film was going to be a flop. Thirty-nine percent of people who viewed the film did not realize abortion was the subplot. In May 1987, the film was screened for producer Aaron Russo. According to Vestron executive Mitchell Cannold, Russo's reaction at the end was to say simply, "Burn the negative, and collect the insurance."[12]

text: Further disputes arose over whether a corporate sponsor could be found to promote the film. Marketers of the Clearasil acne product liked the film, seeing it as a vehicle to reach a teen target audience. However, when they learned the film contained an abortion scene, they asked for that part of the plot to be cut. As Bergstein refused, the Clearasil promotion was dropped. Consequently, Vestron promoted the film themselves and set the premiere on August 16, 1987. The Vestron executives had planned to release the film in theaters for a weekend, and then send it to home video, since Vestron had been in the video distribution business before film production.[6] Considering how many people disliked the film at that point, producer Gottlieb's recollection of her feelings at the time was, "I would have only been grateful, if when it was released, people didn't yell at me."[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 72% based on reviews from 61 critics and a rating average of 6.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Like its winsome characters, Dirty Dancing uses impressive choreography and the power of song to surmount a series of formidable obstacles."[16] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[18]

text: For the film's opening, The New York Times published a review titled "Dirty Dancing Rocks to an Innocent Beat". The Times reviewer called the film "a metaphor for America in the summer of 1963 – orderly, prosperous, bursting with good intentions, a sort of Yiddish-inflected Camelot."[19] Other reviews were more mixed: Gene Siskel gave the film a "marginal Thumbs Up" as he liked Jennifer Grey's acting and development of her character, while Roger Ebert gave it "Thumbs Down" due to its "idiot plot",[20] calling it a "tired and relentlessly predictable story of love between kids from different backgrounds."[21] TIME magazine was lukewarm, saying, "If the ending of Eleanor Bergstein's script is too neat and inspirational, the rough energy of the film's song and dance does carry one along, past the whispered doubts of better judgment."[22] In a retrospective review, Jezebel's Irin Carmon called the film "the greatest movie of all time" as "a great, brave movie for women" with "some subtle, retrospectively sharp-eyed critiques of class and gender."[23]

text: Abortion rights advocates have called the film the "gold standard" for cinematic portrayals of abortion,[24] which author Yannis Tzioumakis described as offering a "compassionate depiction of abortion in which the woman seeking an abortion was not demonized with the primary concerns being her health and preserving her capacity to bear children at a future time rather than the ethical dilemma that might or might not inform her decision, a portrayal that is not necessarily available in current films."[25]

text: The film drew adult audiences instead of the expected teens, with viewers rating the film highly.[14] Many filmgoers, after seeing the film once, went right back into the theater to watch it a second time.[14] Word-of-mouth promotion took the film to the number one position in the United States, and in 10 days it had broken the $10 million mark. By November, it was also achieving international fame. Within seven months of release, it had brought in $63 million in the US and boosted attendance in dance classes across America.[12] It was one of the highest-grossing films of 1987, earning $170 million worldwide.[26][27]

text: The film's popularity continued to grow after its initial release. It was the number one video rental of 1988[28] and became the first film to sell a million copies on video. When the film was re-released in 1997, ten years after its original release, Swayze received his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame,[29] and videos were still selling at the rate of over 40,000 per month.[29] As of 2005[update], it was selling a million DVDs per year,[30] with over ten million copies sold as of 2007[update].[31]

text: A May 2007 survey by Britain's Sky Movies listed Dirty Dancing as number one on "Women's most-watched films", above the Star Wars trilogy, Grease, The Sound of Music, and Pretty Woman.[32] The film's popularity has also caused it to be called "the Star Wars for girls."[7][33][34] An April 2008 article in Britain's Daily Mail listed Dirty Dancing as number one on a list of "most romantic movie quotes ever", for Baby's line: "I'm scared of walking out of this room and never feeling the rest of my whole life the way I feel when I'm with you."[35]

text: The film's music has also had considerable impact. The closing song, "(I've Had) The Time of My Life", has been listed as the "third most popular song played at funerals" in the UK.[7]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref

1988
60th Academy Awards
Academy Award for Best Original Song
Won
[36]

Golden Globe Awards
Best Original Song
Won
[37]

Best Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical
Nominated
[38]

Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical
Nominated
[38]

Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical
Nominated
[38]

Grammy Awards
Best Pop Performance by a Duo
Won
[39]

Best Song written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
Nominated
[37]

tag: table

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #93[40]
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – #86[41]
"Do You Love Me" – Nominated[42]

2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Johnny Castle: "Nobody puts Baby in a corner." – #98[43]

2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[44]

text: Music[edit]

text: Rehearsals for the dancing, and some filming, used music from Bergstein's personal collection of gramophone records. When it came time to select actual music for the film, Vestron chose Jimmy Ienner as music supervisor. Ienner, who had previously produced albums and songs for John Lennon and Three Dog Night, opted to stick with much of the music that had already been used during filming and obtained licenses for the songs from Bergstein's collection. He also enlisted Swayze to sing the new song "She's Like the Wind". Swayze had written the song a few years earlier with Stacy Widelitz, originally intending for it to be used in the film Grandview, U.S.A. (1984).[12]

text: John Morris composed the film's score. The lyrics for the Kellermans' song that closes the talent show were written specifically for the film[14] and were sung to the tune of "Annie Lisle", a commonly used theme for school alma maters.[45] Kenny Ortega and his assistant Miranda Garrison chose the song for the finale by going through an entire box of tapes, listening to each one. According to Ortega, literally the last tape they listened to had "The Time of My Life", which they saw as the obvious choice.[37] Ienner then insisted that Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes record it. The song won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group, an Academy Award for Best Original Song, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.[37][39]

text: The film's soundtrack started an oldies music revival,[46] and demand for the album caught RCA Records by surprise. According to Franke Previte, before a single had even been released, there were a million albums on back-order.[12] The Dirty Dancing album spent 18 weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 album sales charts and went platinum eleven times, selling more than 32 million copies worldwide.[47][48] It spawned a follow-up multi-platinum album in February 1988, entitled More Dirty Dancing.[49]

text: Songs from the album which appeared on the charts included:[37]

text:
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life", performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, composed by Franke Previte, John deNicola, and Donald Markowitz – this song rose to #1 on the pop charts.[50]
"She's Like the Wind", performed by lead actor Patrick Swayze, composed by Lee and Stacy Widelitz; this song peaked at #3 in 1988.
"Hungry Eyes", performed by Eric Carmen, composed by Franke Previte and John deNicola; this song peaked at #4 in 1988.
"Yes", performed by Merry Clayton, composed by Neal Cavanaugh, Terry Fryer and Tom Graf; this song peaked #45 in 1988.

text: Additionally, the resurgence in popularity of the oldies contained in the movie led to a re-release of The Contours' single "Do You Love Me". "Do You Love Me" was featured in the movie but was omitted from the original soundtrack; it was included on More Dirty Dancing. Upon being re-released, "Do You Love Me" became a surprise hit all over again, this time peaking at #11 (it originally hit #3 back in 1962).[citation needed]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: As for the studio, despite the film's huge monetary success, Vestron followed it up with a series of flops and ran out of money. Vestron's parent company, Vestron Inc., went bankrupt in 1989,[12] and was bought out in January 1991 by LIVE Entertainment for $26 million. The rights to Dirty Dancing now rest with Lionsgate Entertainment,[30] which purchased Artisan Entertainment in 2003.

text: Orbach, already known as a successful Broadway actor, continued in different genres. He was the voice of the candelabrum "Lumiere" in the Disney animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991), before taking on his best known role, detective Lennie Briscoe in the TV crime drama Law & Order, which he played from 1992 until his death in 2004.[52]

text: Choreographer Ortega went on to choreograph and direct other major pictures such as Newsies (1992)[10] and starting in 2006, the High School Musical series.[53] He also became a director of film and television, including several episodes of Gilmore Girls, in which Dirty Dancing's Kelly Bishop had a starring role.[54]

text: Lake Lure celebrated its Dirty Dancing legacy in the 1980s with the Dirty Dancing Revue featuring the A-Lure Dancers, soul singer Maurice Williams (whose song "Stay" was featured in the film), and Billy Scott and the Party Prophets. Today, Lake Lure hosts the annual Dirty Dancing Festival.[55]

text: Kellerman's Hotel is the Mountain Lake Hotel, and it now offers "Dirty Dancing Weekends".[56]

text: Various images and lines from the film have worked their way into popular culture. Johnny Castle's line, "Nobody puts Baby in a corner", has been used in song lyrics, as the title of the "Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner" episode of the TV series Veronica Mars, and as the title of a Fall Out Boy song. "Nobody puts Baby in a corner" was also quoted in Supernatural: when Dean says the line concerning his beloved Impala and his brother Sam retorts that the line is from a Swayze movie; Dean responds: "Swayze always gets a pass". The line was parodied in the webcomic Looking for Group where Richard, one of the primary characters, uttered a variation involving his own name, and in Family Guy, where the scene is parodied by Baby's parents questioning Johnny due to her youth. In Sweden, feminist art group Sisters of Jam put the text "Nobody puts Baby in a corner" (in English) in white neon light at Umeå Bus Square (2008) and at Karlstad University (2012).[57]

text: Family Guy also parodies the scene where Baby first sees Johnny dancing with the staff. In the TV series How I Met Your Mother, Barney Stinson attempts to pass off the Dirty Dancing story as the story of his own loss of virginity because he is ashamed of his actual story; the original "Love is Strange" scene is shown with Barney replacing Johnny.

text: The French film Heartbreaker (2010) pays homage to the film, as a plot detail, with some clips from the film shown and a "recreation" by the two main characters of the "lift" scene.

text: In the first episode of the TV series New Girl, the female lead Jess watches the film repeatedly after her break up.

text: Since 2009, there has been a Dirty Dancing Festival in Lake Lure, North Carolina.[58]

text: Alternate versions[edit]

text: Stage version[edit]

text: The film was adapted for the stage in 2004 as a musical, Dirty Dancing: The Classic Story on Stage. Produced by Jacobsen Entertainment in Australia for $6.5 million, it was written by Eleanor Bergstein and had the same songs as the film, plus a few extra scenes. Musical direction was by Chong Lim (one of the composers for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney), and the initial production starred Kym Valentine as Baby and Sydney Dance Company's Josef Brown as Johnny. Although reviews were mixed,[34] the production was a commercial success, selling over 200,000 tickets during its six-month run.[27] It has also had sellout runs in Germany and in London's West End, where it opened at the Aldwych Theatre on October 23, 2006 with the highest pre-sell in London history, earning £6 million ($US12 million).[6][7][34] As of March 2011[update], over 1 million people have seen the musical in London, selling out 6 months in advance.[59] The original West End production closed in July 2011 after a five-year run, prior to a two-year national tour.[60] The show returned to the West End at the Piccadilly Theatre and ran from July 13, 2013 to February 22, 2014 before resuming its tour of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.[61]

text: A New York production was in the planning stage in 2006,[34] with the show first starting in other North American cities. It broke box office records in May 2007 for its first such venue, selling $2 million on the first day of ticket sales in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The production opened on November 15, 2007 at the Royal Alexandra Theatre, with an all-Canadian cast, except for Monica West (Baby Housman), Britta Lazenga (Penny), and Al Sapienza (Jake Housman). After Toronto, the musical opened in Chicago in previews on September 28, 2008 and officially on October 19, 2008, running through January 17, 2009,[62] followed by Boston (February 7 – March 15, 2009) and Los Angeles.[63][64][65]

text: An official American tour began in September 2014 at The National Theatre in Washington, DC with dates scheduled in 31 cities. Previews started August 26 and the official opening night was on September 2.[66]

text: Tours and TV show[edit]

text: Dirty Dancing has appeared in other forms than the stage version. In 1988, a music tour named Dirty Dancing: Live in Concert, featuring Bill Medley and Eric Carmen,[37] played 90 cities in three months.[12] Also in 1988, the CBS network launched a Dirty Dancing television series, however with none of the original cast or crew. The series was canceled after only a few episodes.

text: Prequel[edit]

text: In 2004, a prequel of the film was released, entitled Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights. It tells the story of a sheltered American teenager learning about life through dance, when her family relocates to Havana, Cuba just before the 1959 Cuban Revolution. Swayze was paid $5 million to appear in a cameo role as a dance teacher[67] —considerably more than the $200,000 he earned for the first film.[68]

text: 20th anniversary releases[edit]

text: For the 20th anniversary in 2007, the film was re-released in theatres with additional footage, while the original film version was re-released on DVD with deleted scenes, and included writer commentary.[69] At the same time, Codemasters released Dirty Dancing: The Video Game.[70] In the United Kingdom, the anniversary was marked by a reality TV show based on the film; titled Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life, the TV show was filmed at the Mountain Lake resort.

text: In the UK, to mark the 20th anniversary of the film, Channel Five broadcast a special documentary called Seriously Dirty Dancing. It was presented by Dawn Porter, an investigative journalist and a self-confessed Dirty Dancing addict. The documentary was very successful, being Channel Five's highest rated documentary of 2007. Porter visited the set of the film, met other Dirty Dancing fanatics, and learned the last dance, which she performed at the end of the documentary in front of family and friends.

text: Remake[edit]

text: In August 2011, Lionsgate, who owns the film rights, announced their plan to remake the film. It was confirmed that the studio had hired the film's choreographer, Kenny Ortega, to direct. "We believe that the timing couldn't be better to modernize this story on the big screen, and we are proud to have Kenny Ortega at the helm," Joe Drake, president of Lionsgate's Motion Picture Group, explained about the project. A miniseries version of "Dirty Dancing" had been scheduled to be shot in Western North Carolina.[71] As of July 29, 2015, the miniseries has been put on hold.[72]

text: In December 2015, ABC ordered a three-hour musical remake of Dirty Dancing, starring Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger, Billy Dee Williams & Shane Harper.[73][74][75][76][77] It aired on May 24, 2017.[4] It received negative reviews from a majority of critics.[78]


document_title: US Airways Flight 1549

question_text: who landed a plane on the hudson river

question_tokens: who landed a plane on the hudson river

text: US Airways Flight 1549

text: Route, aircraft, crew and passengers[edit]

text: On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549[b] with callsign 'CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in Washington State. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines.[9][c]

text: The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. "Sully" Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.[13][14][15] First officer Jeffrey B. Skiles, 49,[14][16][17] had accrued 15,643 career flight hours, but this was his first Airbus A320 assignment since qualifying to fly it.[18] There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard.[1][19]

text: Accident[edit]

text: Takeoff and bird strike[edit]

text:
New York TRACON audio

Air traffic control audio from about time of bird strike until ditching (3:10 long)

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardia's Runway 4 at 3:24:56 pm Eastern Standard Time (20:24:56 UTC). With Skiles in control, the crew made its first report after becoming airborne at 3:25:51 as being at 700 feet (210 m) and climbing.[20]

text: The weather at 2:51 p.m. was 10 miles visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet, wind 8 knots from 290°; an hour later it was few clouds at 4,200 feet, wind 9 knots from 310°.[21] At 3:26:37 Sullenberger remarked to Skiles: "What a view of the Hudson today."[22]

text: At 3:27:11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet (859 m) about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-northwest of LaGuardia. The pilots' view was filled with the large birds;[23][24] passengers and crew heard very loud bangs and saw flames from the engines, followed by silence and an odor of fuel.[25][26][27]

text: Realizing that both engines had shut down, Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the checklist for engine restart.[d][2] The aircraft slowed but continued to climb for a further nineteen seconds, reaching about 3,060 feet (930 m) at an airspeed of about 185 knots (343 km/h; 213 mph), then began a glide descent, accelerating to 210 knots (390 km/h; 240 mph) at 3:28:10 as it descended through 1,650 feet (500 m).

text: At 3:27:33, Sullenberger radioed a Mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON):[29][30] "... this is Cactus 1539 [sic – correct call sign was Cactus 1549], hit birds. We've lost thrust on both engines. We're turning back towards LaGuardia".[22] Air traffic controller Patrick Harten[31] told LaGuardia's tower to hold all departures, and directed Sullenberger back to Runway 13.[30] Sullenberger responded, "Unable".[30]

text: Sullenberger asked if they could attempt to land in New Jersey, mentioning Teterboro Airport;[30][32][33] controllers obtained permission for a landing on Teterboro's Runway 1.[33] Sullenberger responded: "We can't do it ... We're gonna be in the Hudson".[32] The aircraft passed less than 900 feet (270 m) above the George Washington Bridge.[34] Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system, "Brace for impact",[34] and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers.[35] Meanwhile, air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to assist with rescue.[citation needed]

text: Ditching and evacuation[edit]

text: About ninety seconds later, at 3:31 pm, the plane made an unpowered ditching, descending southwards at about 125 knots (140 mph; 230 km/h) into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary, at 40°46′10″N 74°00′17″W / 40.7695°N 74.0046°W / 40.7695; -74.0046[36] roughly opposite West 50th Street (near the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in Weehawken, New Jersey. Flight attendants compared the ditching to a "hard landing" with "one impact, no bounce, then a gradual deceleration."[32] The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward.[37]

text: Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation. The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide/raft deployed from the front right passenger door (the front left slide failed to operate, so the manual inflation handle was pulled). A panicked passenger opened a rear door, which a flight attendant was unable to reseal.[38] Water was also entering a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open,[39] so as the water rose the attendant urged passengers to move forward by climbing over seats.[e] One passenger was in a wheelchair.[41][42] Finally, Sullenberger walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty.[43][44][45]

text: The air and water temperatures were about 19 °F (−7 °C) and 41 °F (5 °C) respectively.[21] Some evacuees waited for rescue knee-deep in water on the partially submerged slides, some wearing life-vests. Others stood on the wings or, fearing an explosion, swam away from the plane.[38] One passenger, after helping with the evacuation, found the wing so crowded that he jumped into the river and swam to a boat.[46][32][47]

text: Rescue[edit]

text: Sullenberger had ditched near boats to facilitate rescue.[20][43] NY Waterway ferries Thomas Jefferson and then Governor Thomas H. Kean both arrived within minutes[48][49] and began taking people aboard using a Jason's cradle. Sullenberger advised the ferry crews to rescue those on the wings first, as they were in more jeopardy than those on the slides, which detached to become life rafts.[34] As the plane drifted, passengers on one slide, fearing that the boat would crush them, shouted for it to steer away.[50] The last person was taken from the plane at 3:55 pm.[51]

text: About 140 New York City firefighters responded to nearby docks,[52][53][54] as did police, helicopters, and various vessels and divers.[52] Other agencies provided medical help on the Weehawken side of the river, where most passengers were taken.[55]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: There were five serious injuries,[2] including a deep laceration in flight attendant Doreen Welsh's leg.[32][56] Seventy-eight people were treated, mostly for minor injuries[57] and hypothermia,[58] twenty-four passengers and two rescuers treated at hospitals,[59] with two passengers kept overnight. One passenger now wears glasses because of jet fuel damaging his eyes.[46] No pets were being carried on the flight.[60]

text: Each passenger later received a letter of apology, $5,000 in compensation for lost baggage (and $5,000 more if they could demonstrate larger losses) and refund of the ticket price.[61][62] In May 2009 they received any belongings that had been recovered. In addition, they reported offers of $10,000 each in return for agreeing not to sue US Airways.[63]

text: Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms such as sleeplessness, flashbacks, and panic attacks; some began an email support group.[64] Patrick Harten, the controller who had worked the flight, said that "the hardest, most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over", and that he was "gripped by raw moments of shock and grief".[65]

text: In an effort to prevent similar accidents, officials captured and gassed 1,235 Canada geese at 17 locations across New York City in mid-2009 and coated 1,739 goose eggs with oil to smother the developing goslings.[66]

text: Investigation[edit]

text: The partially submerged plane was moored to a pier near the World Financial Center in Lower Manhattan, roughly 4 miles (6 km) downstream from the ditching location.[35] The left engine, detached by the ditching, was recovered from the riverbed.[67] On January 17 the aircraft was barged[68][69] to New Jersey.[70]

text: The initial National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) evaluation that the plane had lost thrust after a bird strike[71][72][73] was confirmed by analysis of the cockpit voice and flight data recorders.[74]

text: It was soon reported that a few days earlier the plane had experienced a less severe compressor stall, and its passengers had been told an emergency landing might be required,[75][76] but the affected engine was restarted. The NTSB later reported that a faulty temperature sensor had been the cause, and that the engine had not been damaged in that incident.[77]

text: On January 21, the NTSB found evidence of soft-body damage in the right engine along with organic debris including a feather.[78][79] The left engine also evidenced soft body impact, with: "dents on both the spinner and inlet lip of the engine cowling. Five booster inlet guide vanes are fractured and eight outlet guide vanes are missing." Both engines, missing large portions of their housings,[80] were sent to the manufacturer for examination.[81] On January 31, the plane was moved to Kearny, New Jersey. The bird remains[77][82] were later identified by DNA testing to be Canada geese, which typically weigh more than engines are designed to withstand ingesting.[77]

text: Because the plane was assembled in France[83] the European Aviation Safety Agency (the European counterpart of the FAA) and the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (the French counterpart of the NTSB) joined the investigation, with technical assistance from Airbus Industrie and GE Aviation/Snecma, respectively the manufacturers of the airframe and the engines.[84][85]

text: The NTSB used flight simulators to test the possibility that the flight could have returned safely to LaGuardia or diverted to Teterboro; only seven of the thirteen simulated returns to La Guardia succeeded, and only one of the two to Teterboro.[86] Furthermore, the NTSB report called these simulations unrealistic: "The immediate turn made by the pilots during the simulations did not reflect or account for real-world considerations." A further simulation, conducted with the pilot delayed by 35 seconds, crashed.[87] In testimony before the NTSB, Sullenberger maintained that there had been no time to bring the plane to any airport, and that attempting to do so would likely have killed those onboard and more on the ground.[88]

text: The Board ultimately ruled that Sullenberger had made the correct decision,[88] reasoning that the checklist for dual-engine failure is designed for higher altitudes, when pilots have more time to deal with the situation, and that while simulations showed that the plane might have just barely made it back to LaGuardia, those scenarios assumed an instant decision to do so, with no time allowed for assessing the situation.[89][90]

text: The NTSB concluded its investigation on May 4, 2010, identifying the probable cause as "the ingestion of large birds into each engine, which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines."[87] The final report credited the outcome to four factors: good decision-making and teamwork by the cockpit crew (including decisions to immediately turn on the APU and to ditch in the Hudson); the fact that the A320 is certified for extended overwater operation (and hence carried life vests and additional raft/slides) even though not required for that route; the performance of the flight crew during the evacuation; and the proximity of working vessels to the ditching site. Contributing factors were good visibility and a fast response from the ferry operators and emergency responders. The report also makes a range of recommendations to improve safety in such situations.[2]

text: Author and pilot William Langewiesche asserted that insufficient credit was given to the A320's fly-by-wire design, by which the pilot uses a side-stick to make control inputs to the flight control computers. The computers then impose adjustments and limits of their own to keep the plane stable, which the pilot cannot override even in an emergency. This design allowed the pilots of Flight 1549 to concentrate on engine restart and deciding the course, without the burden of manually adjusting the glidepath to reduce the plane's rate of descent.[51] Sullenberger said that these computer-imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimum landing flare for the ditching, which would have softened the impact.[91]

text: In 2010, the damaged plane (excluding its engines)[92] was acquired for the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina,[93] which held a reception on June 11 to commemorate the arrival in Charlotte of the plane's body, with Sullenberger as keynote speaker and the passengers invited.[94][95][96][97]

text: Crew awards and honors[edit]

text:
The reactions of all members of the crew, the split second decision making and the handling of this emergency and evacuation was "text book" and an example to us all. To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation, with the loss of no lives, is a heroic and unique aviation achievement.

—Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators citation

tag: div

text: An NTSB board member called the ditching "the most successful ... in aviation history. These people knew what they were supposed to do and they did it and as a result, no lives were lost."[98]

text: The crew, especially Sullenberger, was praised, notably by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York State Governor David Paterson, who said: "We had a Miracle on 34th Street. I believe now we have had a Miracle on the Hudson."[57][99][100] U.S. President George W. Bush said he was "inspired by the skill and heroism of the flight crew," and praised the emergency responders and volunteers.[101] President-elect Barack Obama said that everyone was proud of Sullenberger's "heroic and graceful job in landing the damaged aircraft." He thanked the crew, whom he invited to his inauguration five days later.[102][103]

text: The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the crew a Master's Medal on January 22, 2009; this is awarded only rarely, for outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild.[8] New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented the crew with the Keys to the City, and Sullenberger with a replacement copy of a library book lost on the flight, Sidney Dekker's Just Culture: Balancing Safety and Accountability.[104] Rescuers received Certificates of Honor.[105]

text: The crew received a standing ovation at the Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009,[106] and Sullenberger threw out the first pitch at the 2009 Major League Baseball season for the San Francisco Giants. His Giants' jersey was inscribed with the name "Sully" and the number 155 – the count of people aboard the plane.[107]

text: On July 28, passengers Dave Sanderson and Barry Leonard organized a thank you luncheon for emergency responders from Hudson County, New Jersey, on the shores of Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen, New Jersey, where 57 passengers had been brought following their rescue. Present were members of the U.S. Coast Guard, North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue, NY Waterway Ferries, the American Red Cross, Weehawken Volunteer First Aid, the Weehawken Police Department, West New York E.M.S., North Bergen E.M.S., the Hudson County Office of Emergency Management, the New Jersey E.M.S. Task Force, the Guttenberg Police Department, McCabe Ambulance, the Harrison Police Department, and doctors and nurses who treated survivors.[108][109]

text: Sullenberger was named Grand Marshal for the 2010 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California.

text: In August 2010, Jeppesen issued an approach plate titled "Hudson Miracle APCH," dedicated to the five crew of Flight 1549 and annotated "Presented with Pride and Gratitude from your friends at Jeppesen."[110]

text: Sullenberger retired on March 3, 2010, after thirty years with US Airways and its predecessor, Pacific Southwest Airlines. At the end of his final flight he was reunited with Skiles and a number of the passengers from Flight 1549.[111]

text: Media and popular culture[edit]

text: The accident was recorded by several closed-circuit television cameras. Various television reports and documentaries produced soon afterwards contained extensive video of the ditching and rescue, and recorded interviews with the aircrew, passengers, rescuers, and other key participants. These included:

text:
On February 8, 2009, the CBS program 60 Minutes broadcast three segments that included interviews with the aircrew as well as their reunion with passengers. The program aired again on July 5, 2009.

"Flight 1549: A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly"[112]
"Flight 1549: Saving 155 Souls In Minutes"[113]
"Flight 1549: An Emotional Reunion"[114]

On February 19, 2009, Channel 4 in the United Kingdom aired a documentary entitled The Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash included personal accounts from passengers, rescuers, and witnesses.[50]
On February 21, 2009, KGO-TV in San Francisco broadcast an interview in the "Face to Face" series. Dan Ashley talked to Captain and Mrs. Sullenberger about their experiences during and since the accident.[115]
On March 4, 2009, the Discovery Channel broadcast a one-hour documentary entitled Hudson Plane Crash – What Really Happened, with computer-generated imagery (CGI) animations of the flight, and interviews with passengers, crew, witnesses, rescuers, and aviation safety experts.[116]
On January 10, 2010, TLC aired a documentary entitled Brace For Impact, aired again on April 14 in Australia as Brace For Impact: Inside The Hudson Plane Crash.[117]
In March 2011, Ric Elias, a front-row passenger shared his experience during a TED Conference.[118]
Beginning in June 2011, the University of North Carolina School of Filmmaking and Process Pictures, LLC worked with the Carolinas Aviation Museum to produce a documentary, which also looked at the impact of the incident on society.[119][120]

text: The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel (Canada) / National Geographic TV series Mayday on the episode Hudson Splash Down.[121] It was also recreated in a National Geographic Channel TV special titled "Miracle Landing on the Hudson,"[122] and in the United Kingdom for a Channel 5 special in 2011.[123]

text: Garrison Keillor honored the entire flight crew by writing a song and performing it on his show, A Prairie Home Companion.[124]

text: The ditching is referenced in the song "A Real Hero" by College and Electric Youth, best known from the 2011 movie Drive. The lyrics of the second verse describe the water landing and the survival of the passengers and crew, as well alluding to the freezing river.[125]

text: Sullenberger's memoir, Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters was adapted into a feature film Sully: Miracle on the Hudson, directed by Clint Eastwood,[126] with Tom Hanks as Sullenberger and Aaron Eckhart as co-pilot Jeff Skiles.[127] It was released by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016.[128]


document_title: Butler Bulldogs men's basketball

question_text: when did butler win the ncaa basketball championship

text: Butler Bulldogs men's basketball

text: Competitive standing[edit]

text: Despite having played in a mid-major conference, Butler rose to national prominence in the 1990s. They ranked in most media polls for all but a few weeks from the 2006–07 season to the 2011–12 season, and competed in the postseason every year since 1997, except for 2004, 2005, and 2014. In the 2010 NCAA Tournament, Butler was the National runner-up to Duke, advancing to the National Championship Game after defeating Michigan State in the Final Four.[2] With a total enrollment of only 4,500 students, Butler is the smallest school to play for a national championship since the tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985.[3] The Bulldogs also went to the championship game in the following NCAA Tournament, falling to UConn after defeating VCU in the Final Four. With the victory over VCU, Butler became the first mid-major program to reach the championship game in successive seasons since 1979, when seeding of the tournament began, and the only team from the state of Indiana to reach back-to-back championship games.[2]

text: After spending one season in the Atlantic 10 Conference, Butler moved into the realigned basketball-only Big East Conference for the 2013–14 season. Their first season was mediocre, finishing 9th out of 10 teams with a 14–17 record, their first losing record since 2004–05. In their second season, despite being picked to finish 7th, the Bulldogs surprised many by finishing tied for second place in the conference. Butler finished the 2015–16 season in a tie for fourth place in Big East play with a record of 21–11, 10–8 in conference and receiving a bid to the NCAA Tournament where they advanced to the Second Round.

text: Basketball community[edit]

text: Because of the school's history of basketball success, location in the heart of the land of "Hoosier Hysteria", and lack of a scholarship football program, the Butler University fan base is primarily basketball oriented. Other athletics enjoy substantial followings of current students and alumni, but only basketball has garnered interest from a national audience.

text: Two studies estimated that television, print, and online news coverage of Butler's 2010 and 2011 appearances in the NCAA tournament championship game resulted in additional publicity for the university worth about $1.2 billion. In an example of the "Flutie effect", applications rose by 41% after the 2010 appearance.[4] In June 2011, USA Today ranked Butler as one of the top five colleges making use of social media.[5] Specific to basketball, Butler's mascot, Butler Blue,[6][7] the men's basketball program,[8] head coach LaVall Jordan,[9] and other coaches have university-endorsed Twitter accounts. Also, online communities Butler Hoops[10] and /r/ButlerUniversity[11] exist to facilitate discussion among fans. In 2013, a student-run podcast, called the "Front Row Hoopcast,[12]" was started to give commentary and insight to Butler Basketball from the student perspective.

text: In recent years, the Butler program has also received national attention for its philosophy to the game, which it calls "The Butler Way". At its core, The Butler Way calls for complete commitment and exalts teamwork above self.[13]

text: Postseason[edit]

text: NCAA Tournament results[edit]

text: The Bulldogs have appeared in 16 NCAA Tournaments. Their combined record is 24–16.[14]

text:
Year
Seed
Round
Opponent
Result

1962
–
First Round
Sweet Sixteen
Regional Third Place Game
Bowling Green
Kentucky
Western Kentucky
W 56–55
L 60–81
W 87–86

1997
No. 14
First Round
No. 3 Cincinnati
L 69–86

1998
No. 13
First Round
No. 4 New Mexico
L 62–79

2000
No. 12
First Round
No. 5 Florida
L 68–69 OT

2001
No. 10
First Round
Second Round
No. 7 Wake Forest
No. 2 Arizona
W 79–63
L 52–73

2003
No. 12
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
No. 5 Mississippi State
No. 4 Louisville
No. 1 Oklahoma
W 47–46
W 79–71
L 54–65

2007
No. 5
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
No. 12 Old Dominion
No. 4 Maryland
No. 1 Florida
W 57–46
W 62–59
L 57–65

2008
No. 7
First Round
Second Round
No. 10 South Alabama
No. 2 Tennessee
W 81–61
L 71–76 OT

2009
No. 9
First Round
No. 8 LSU
L 71–75

2010
No. 5
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship Game
No. 12 UTEP
No. 13 Murray State
No. 1 Syracuse
No. 2 Kansas State
No. 5 Michigan State
No. 1 Duke
W 77–59
W 54–52
W 63–59
W 63–56
W 52–50
L 59–61

2011
No. 8
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship Game
No. 9 Old Dominion
No. 1 Pittsburgh
No. 4 Wisconsin
No. 2 Florida
No. 11 VCU
No. 3 Connecticut
W 60–58
W 71–70
W 61–54
W 74–71 OT
W 70–62
L 41–53

2013
No. 6
Second Round
Third Round
No. 11 Bucknell
No. 3 Marquette
W 56–68
L 72–74

2015
No. 6
Second Round
Third Round
No. 11 Texas
No. 3 Notre Dame
W 56–48
L 64–67 OT

2016
No. 9
First Round
Second Round
No. 8 Texas Tech
No. 1 Virginia
W 71–61
L 69–77

2017
No. 4
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
No. 13 Winthrop
No. 12 Middle Tennessee
No. 1 North Carolina
W 76–64
W 74–65
L 80–92

2018
No. 10
First Round
Second Round
No. 7 Arkansas
No. 2 Purdue
W 79–62
L 73–76

text: *Following the introduction of the "First Four" round in 2011, the Round of 64 and Round of 32 were referred to as the Second Round and Third Round, respectively, from 2011 to 2015. Then from 2016 moving forward, the Round 64 and Round of 32 will be called the First and Second rounds, as they were prior to 2011.

text: NIT results[edit]

text: The Bulldogs have appeared in eight National Invitation Tournaments. Their combined record is 5–8.[15]

text:
Year
Seed
Round
Opponent
Result

1958
N/A
First Round
St. John's
L 69–76

1959
N/A
First Round
Quarterfinals
Fordham
Bradley
W 94–80
L 77–83

1985
N/A
First Round
Indiana
L 57–79

1991
N/A
First Round
Wyoming
L 61–63

1992
N/A
First Round
Purdue
L 56–82

1999
N/A
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Bradley
Old Dominion
Clemson
W 51–50
W 75–68
L 69–89

2002
N/A
First Round
Second Round
Bowling Green
Syracuse
W 81–69
L 65–66

2006
#8
Opening Round
First Round
Miami (OH)
Florida State
W 53–52
L 63–67

text: CBI results[edit]

text: The Bulldogs have appeared in one College Basketball Invitational. Their record is 2–1.

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

2012
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Delaware
Penn
Pittsburgh
W 75–58
W 63–53
L 62–68 OT

text: Bulldogs in the NBA[edit]

text: NBA & ABA players who attended Butler University[16]

text:
Bob Evans – drafted in the 4th round by the Indianapolis Olympians in the 1949 NBA draft
Gordon Hayward – drafted 9th overall by the Utah Jazz in the 2010 NBA draft. Currently playing for the Boston Celtics.
Shelvin Mack – drafted in the 2nd round by the Washington Wizards in the 2011 NBA draft. Currently playing for the Orlando Magic.
Ralph O'Brien – drafted in the 6th round by the Indianapolis Olympians in the 1950 NBA draft
Billy Shepherd – drafted by Virginia Squires (ABA) in 1972
Jerry Steiner – played for the Indianapolis Kautskys in 1940–41 and the Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons in 1946–47[17]

text: Coaching history[edit]

text:
Coach
Years
Win–Loss
Win %
Conference titles
NCAA Tourn.
appearances

Harlan Page
1920–1926
98–36
.731
0

Tony Hinkle
1926–1942,1945–1970
560–392
.588
0
1

Frank Hedden
1942–1945
18–15
.545
0

George Theofanis
1970–1977
79–105
.429
0

Joe Sexson
1977–1989
143–188
.432
0

Barry Collier
1989–2000
196–132
.598
0
3

Thad Matta
2000–2001
24–8
.750
0
1

Todd Lickliter
2001–2007
131–61
.682
0
2

Brad Stevens
2007–2013
166–49
.772
4
5

Brandon Miller
2013–2014
14–17
.452
0

Chris Holtmann
2014–2017
70–31
.693
0
3

LaVall Jordan
2017–
21–14
.600
0
1

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Harlan Page – 1962
Tony Hinkle – 1965

National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame

Tony Hinkle – 2006
Harlan Page – 2006

National Coach of the Year

Todd Lickliter – 2007

All-Americans

H. W. Middlesworth – 1924
Frank Baird – 1934
Jerry Steiner – 1940
Bob Dietz – 1941
Ralph "Buckshot" O'Brien – 1950
Jimmy Doyle – 1950
Ted Guzek – 1957
Billy Shepherd – 1971
Chad Tucker* – 1985
A. J. Graves* – 2007
Mike Green* – 2008
Matt Howard* – 2009
Gordon Hayward* – 2010
Kelan Martin* – 2018

(*) Denotes Honorable Mention

Academic All-Americans

Chris Miskel – 1995***
A. J. Graves – 2007*, 2008**
Drew Streicher – 2008***
Matt Howard – 2009**, 2010*, 2011*
Gordon Hayward – 2010***
Ronald Nored – 2012**
Andrew Smith – 2013**
Alex Barlow – 2015**

(*) Denotes 1st team
(**) Denotes 2nd team
(***) Denotes 3rd team
Academic All-American of the Year

Matt Howard – 2011

McDonald's All-American

Tyler Lewis – 2012

Senior Class Award

Alex Barlow – 2015

text:
Big East Coach of the Year

Chris Holtmann – 2017

Horizon League Player of the Year

Darin Archibold – 1991
Jon Neuhoser – 1997
Rylan Hainje – 2002
Brandon Polk – 2006
Mike Green – 2008
Matt Howard – 2009
Gordon Hayward – 2010

Horizon League Coach of the Year

Joe Sexson – 1984
Barry Collier – 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000
Thad Matta – 2001
Todd Lickliter – 2005, 2007
Brad Stevens – 2009, 2010

Indiana Collegiate Conference Player of the Year

Tom Bowman – 1962
Wayne Burris – 1977
Tom Orner – 1978

Indiana Collegiate Conference Coach of the Year

Tony Hinkle – 1956, 1961, 1962
George Theofanis – 1973, 1977
Joe Sexson – 1978

MAC Most Valuable Player

Ralph "Buckshot" Owens – 1949

text: Information on the awards comes from the 2009–2010 media guide.[18]

text: Record[edit]

text: See List of Butler Bulldogs men's basketball seasons

text: Record vs. Big East opponents[edit]

text:
Creighton: 7–10
DePaul: 10–6
Georgetown: 5–7
Marquette: 22–17
Providence: 3–8
Seton Hall: 8–4
St. John's: 6–5
Villanova: 3–9
Xavier: 20–40

text: All-time leading scorers[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Years
Points

1
Chad Tucker
1983–1988
2,321

2
Kelan Martin
2014–2018
2,047

3
Darrin Fitzgerald
1983–1987
2,019

4
Kellen Dunham
2012–2016
1,946

5
Matt Howard
2007–2011
1,939

6
A. J. Graves
2004–2008
1,807

7
Lynn Mitchem
1979–1983
1,798

8
Darin Archbold
1988–1992
1,744

9
Billy Shepherd
1969–1972
1,733

10
Jermaine Guice
1990–1994
1,607

11
Darren Fowlkes
1985–1989
1,543

12
Roosevelt Jones
2011–2013, 2014–2016
1,533

13
Wayne Burris
1973–1977
1,531

14
Shelvin Mack
2008–2011
1,527

15
Jon Neuhouser
1994–1998
1,485

16
Bobby Plump
1954–1958
1,439

17
Keith Greve
1951–1954, 1957–1958
1,400

18
Jeff Blue
1961–1964
1,392

19
Rylan Hainje
1998–2002
1,388

20
Khyle Marshall
2010–2014
1,373

text: Sources of information[20][21][19]

text: Tournament titles[edit]

text:
Season
Tournament
Results

1923–24
AAU National Tournament
W vs. Schooley-Woodstock 34–29
W vs. Hillyards 35–29
W vs. Kansas St. Teachers 40–21
W vs. K. C. Athletic Club 30–26

1947–48
Hoosier Classic
W vs. Purdue 52–50
W vs. Indiana 64–51

1948–49
Hoosier Classic
W vs. Indiana 64–55
W vs. Purdue 47–43

1960–61
Hoosier Classic
W vs. Illinois 70–68
W vs. Purdue 65–63

1996–97
MCC Tournament
W vs. Milwaukee 48–36
W vs. Green Bay 57–52OT
W vs. UIC 69–68

1997–98
MCC Tournament
W vs. Loyola 62–53
W vs. Wright State 67–48
W vs. Green Bay 70–51

1999–00
MCC Tournament
W vs. Loyola 61–57
W vs. Milwaukee 65–51
W vs. Detroit 62–43

2000–01
MCC Tournament
W vs. Loyola 78–52
W vs. Wright State 66–58
W vs. Detroit 53–38

2001–02
Top of the World Classic
W vs. Radford 73–56
W vs. Delaware 76–59
W vs. Washington 67–64

2001–02
Hoosier Classic
W vs. Samford 45–37
W vs. Indiana 66–64

2006–07
NIT Tip-Off
W vs. Notre Dame 71–69
W vs. Indiana 60–55
W vs. Tennessee 56–44
W vs. Gonzaga 79–71

2007–08
Great Alaska Shootout
W vs. Michigan 79–65
W vs. Virginia Tech 84–78
W vs. Texas Tech 81–71

2007–08
Horizon League Tournament
W vs. Illinois-Chicago 66–50
W vs. Cleveland State 70–55

2009–10
Horizon League Tournament
W vs. Milwaukee 68–59
W vs. Wright State 70–45

2010–11
Diamond Head Classic
W vs. Utah 74–62
W vs. Florida State 67–64
W vs. Washington State State 84–68

2010–11
Horizon League Tournament
W vs. Cleveland State 76–68
W vs. Milwaukee 59–44

2016–17
Continental Tire Las Vegas Invitational
W vs. Vanderbilt 76–66
W vs. Arizona 69–65


document_title: John the Revelator (song)

question_text: who sang john the revelator on sons of anarchy

text: John the Revelator (song)

text: Blind Willie Johnson version[edit]

text: Blind Willie Johnson recorded "John the Revelator" during his fifth and final recording session for Columbia Records in Atlanta, Georgia on April 20, 1930. Accompanying Johnson on vocal and guitar is Willie B. Harris (sometimes identified as his first wife), who sings the response parts of the song. Their vocals add a "sense of dread and foreboding" to the song, along with the chorus line "Who's that a writin', John the Revelator" "repeated like a mantra".[2]

text: Johnson's lyrics reference a number of passages from the Bible:

text: The song was released as one of the last singles by Johnson and is included on numerous compilations, including the 1952 Anthology of American Folk Music.[1][14][15]

text: Son House rendition[edit]

text: Delta blues musician Son House recorded several a cappella versions of "John the Revelator"in the 1960s. His lyrics for a 1965 recording explicitly reference three theologically important events: the Fall of Man, the Passion of Christ, and the Resurrection.

text: This version was included on the 1965 album The Legendary Son House: Father of the Folk Blues (Columbia). An alternate version from the same session is found on the 1992 reissue Son House — Father of the Delta Blues: The Complete 1965 Sessions (Columbia).

text: Renditions by other artists[edit]

text: "John the Revelator" has been recorded by numerous musical artists,[25] including Thee Headcoats, Jay Boy Adams, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, the Trey Anastasio Band, Beck, Jerry Garcia, Frank Black, A. A. Bondy, Nick Cave, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Golden Gate Quartet,[26] Gov't Mule, the Indelicates, Phil Keaggy, John Mellencamp, Lee Roy Parnell, R.E.M., Benjamin Siksou (in his musical show Valises Blues), the Silencers, Cameo, Curtis Stigers, Steve Vai, Joe Grushecky, the Growl, the Sword, The Dustbowl Revival, Tom Waits (for a 2016 tribute album to Blind Willie Johnson), and Gillian Welch. James Brown, Taj Mahal, and Sam Moore recorded a version for the film Blues Brothers 2000, which includes an additional verse written for the movie and performed by Joe Morton. A performance by Curtis Stigers and the Forest Rangers' is heard during an episode of the television series Sons of Anarchy.[27] The traditional song has inspired similarly titled songs by Depeche Mode and Dave Matthews Band, as well as the White Stripes' "Cannon" and Clutch's "Profits of Doom".

text: References and notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Sleeve notes from Dark Was the Night by Blind Willie Johnson, Columbia/Mojo Working Blues 1998
^ Jump up to: a b Ward, Thomas. "Blind Willie Johnson: John the Revelator – Song review". AllMusic. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Revelation 1:1-3 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John: Who bare record of the word of God, and of the testimony of Jesus Christ, and of all things that he saw. Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.
^ Jump up to: a b Revelation 5:1 And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals.
Jump up ^ Revelation 4:8 And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within: and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, LORD God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.
Jump up ^ Luke 1:35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.
Jump up ^ Revelation 5:5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.
Jump up ^ Acts 20:28 Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood.
Jump up ^ 1 John 2:1 My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous.
Jump up ^ Exodus 3:1 Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb.
Jump up ^ Exodus 3:2 And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.
Jump up ^ Exodus 3:4-5 And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I. And he said, Draw not nigh hither: put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.
Jump up ^ Exodus 3:10 Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt.
Jump up ^ Keefer, Jane. Folk Music - An Index to Recorded Resources
Jump up ^ Anthology of American Folk Music, Volume 2: Social Music
Jump up ^ Genesis 3:8 And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.
Jump up ^ Genesis 3:9 And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou?
Jump up ^ Genesis 3:10 And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.
Jump up ^ Luke 6:13 And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles.
Jump up ^ Matthew 26:36-38 Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder. And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and very heavy. Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me.
Jump up ^ Matthew 26:40 And he cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour?
Jump up ^ Matthew 28:1 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre.
Jump up ^ Matthew 28:5-7 And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified. He is not here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place where the Lord lay. And go quickly, and tell his disciples that he is risen from the dead; and, behold, he goeth before you into Galilee; there shall ye see him: lo, I have told you.
Jump up ^ Matthew 26:32 But after I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. A variety of spiritual meanings have been attached to this line (see, for example, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2008-09-19. ).
Jump up ^ "John the Revelator – Song Search Results". AllMusic. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Golden Gate Quartet Vol. 1 (1937-1938), published on CD in 2000.
Jump up ^ Closing credits of Sons of Anarchy season 1, episode 13: "The Revelator".

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Blind Willie Johnson songs

Original Columbia
78 rpm records
(chronological)

"Jesus Make Up My Dying Bed" / "I Know His Blood Can Make Me Whole"
"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground" / "It's Nobody's Fault but Mine"
"Mother's Children Have a Hard Time") / "If I Had My Way I'd Tear the Building Down"
"I'm Gonna Run to the City of Refuge" / "Jesus Is Coming Soon"
"Keep Your Lamp Trimmed and Burning" / "Lord I Just Can't Keep From Crying"
"God Don't Never Change" / "Let Your Light Shine on Me"
"Bye and Bye I'm Goin' to See the King" / "You'll Need Somebody on Your Bond"
"God Moves on the Water" / "Take Your Burden to the Lord and Leave It There"
"John the Revelator" / "You're Gonna Need Somebody on Your Bond"
"The Rain Don't Fall on Me" / "Trouble Will Soon Be Over"
"Praise God I'm Satisfied" / "When the War Was On"
"Can't Nobody Hide from God" / "If It Had Not Been For Jesus"
"The Soul of a Man" / "Church, I'm Fully Saved To-Day"
"Go with Me to That Land" / "Everybody Ought to Treat a Stranger Right"
"Take Your Stand" / "Sweeter as the Years Roll By"

Related articles

List of songs (with recording & catalogue details)

text: Year of song unknownBlind Willie Johnson songsGospel songsBlues songsAmerican folk songsSongs about religious leadersSongwriter unknown

text: Articles with hAudio microformats


document_title: Islam by country

question_text: where do the majority of islamic followers live

text: Islam by country

text: Denominations[edit]

text:
Organisation of
Islamic Cooperation

Economy

GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) per capita
Exports
Imports

Education

Member states

By population
Largest cities

Parliamentary Union

v
t
e

text: Historically, Islam was divided into two major religious denominations: Sunni and Shi'a. Of the total Muslim population, 87-90% are Sunni and 10-13% are Shi'a. Most Shi'as (between 68% and 80%) live in mainly four countries: Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain and Iraq.[18] Today, many of the Shia sects are extinct. The major surviving Imamah-Muslim Sects are Usulism (with nearly more than 10%), Nizari Ismailism (with nearly more than 1%) and Alevism (with slightly more than 0.5%[19] but less than 1%[20]). The other existing groups include Zaydi Shi'a of Yemen whose population is nearly more than 0.5% of the world's Muslim population, Musta’li Ismaili (with nearly 0.1%[21] whose Taiyabi adherents reside in Sindh and Gujarat in South Asia. There are also significant diaspora populations in Europe, North America, the Far East and East Africa[22]), and Ibadis from the Kharijites whose population has diminished to a level below 0.15%. On the other hand, new Muslim sects like the Nation of Islam, Ahmadi Muslims[23] (with nearly around 1%[24]), non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis (with nearly around 1-2%[25] of the world's total Muslim population) were later independently developed.

text: According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, there were 50 Muslim-majority countries.[26][27] Around 62% of the world's Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region (from Turkey to Indonesia), with over 1 billion adherents.[28] The largest Muslim population in a country is in Indonesia, a nation home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims, followed by Pakistan (11.0%), and India (10.9%).[4][29] About 20% of Muslims live in Arab countries.[30] In the Middle East, the non-Arab countries of Iran and Turkey are the largest Muslim-majority countries; in Africa, Egypt and Nigeria have the most populous Muslim communities.[4][29] The study found more Muslims in the United Kingdom than in Lebanon and more in China than in Syria.[4]

text: Countries[edit]

text: Most of the percentages of Muslim populations of each country, if not stated otherwise, were taken from the study by the Pew Research Center report of The Future of the Global Muslim Population, as of 27 January 2011.[4][31] Other studies show variance with Pew figures. The percentage of Muslims in Egypt is given as 93.7%. However, the figure for Christians in Egypt is usually estimated at 12-15%, but in truth nobody knows since there has been no religious census. Likewise the percentage of Christians in Jordan is usually estimated to be 6-7%.

text: Table[edit]

text:
Country/Region
Muslims
Muslim percentage (%) of total population
Percentage (%) of World Muslim population

 Afghanistan
29,047,100
99.8
1.8

 Albania
1,587,608
56.7[32]
0.1

 Algeria
40,400,000
98.2[4]–99[33]
2.7

 American Samoa
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Andorra
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Angola
90,000
1.0
< 0.1

 Anguilla
< 1,000
0.3
< 0.1

 Antigua and Barbuda
< 1,000
0.6
< 0.1

 Argentina
784,000
2.5
< 0.1

 Armenia
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Aruba
< 1,000
0.4
< 0.1

 Australia
604,000[34]
2.6
< 0.1

 Austria
700,000[35]
8[35]
< 0.1

 Azerbaijan
9,872,765
96.9
0.5

 Bahamas
< 1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Bahrain
866,888[36]
70.2[36]
< 0.1

 Bangladesh
148,607,000[37]
90.4
9.2

 Barbados
2,000
0.9
< 0.1

 Belarus
19,000
0.2
< 0.1

 Belgium
658,463
5.9[38]
< 0.1

 Belize
< 1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Benin
2,710,000
24.5
0.1

 Bermuda
< 1,000
0.8
< 0.1

 Bhutan
≤ 2,000[39]
0.2[39]
< 0.1

 Bolivia
2,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Bosnia-Herzegovina
1,790,454
50.7[40]
0.1

 Botswana
8,000
0.4
< 0.1

 Brazil
204,000
0.1
< 0.1

 British Virgin Islands
< 1,000
1.2
< 0.1

 Brunei
295,000
67[41]
< 0.1

 Bulgaria
577,000[42]
7.8
< 0.1

 Burkina Faso
11,270,000
60.5[43]
0.6

 Burma (Myanmar)
2,237,495
2.3[44]
0.1

 Burundi
277,480
2.5[45]
< 0.1

 Cambodia
303,187[46]
1.9[46]
< 0.1

 Cameroon
4,940,000
20.9[47]
0.2

 Canada
1,053,945[48]
3.2[48][49]
0.1

 Cape Verde
10,000
2[33]
< 0.1

 Cayman Islands
< 1,000
0.2
< 0.1

 Central African Republic
403,000
15[50][51]
< 0.1

 Chad
7,827,653
58[33]
0.4

 Chile
2,894[52]
0.03 (over 15+ pop.)[52]
< 0.1

 China
22,000,000[53]-50,000,000[54]
1.8
1.4

 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
< 1,000[55]
80[55]
< 0.1

 Colombia
40,000 to 80,000[56]
0.2
< 0.1

 The Comoros
785,000
98.3
< 0.1

 Congo
3,648,267
5[33]
0.1

 Cook Islands
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Costa Rica
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Côte d'Ivoire
7,960,000
40[57][58][59]
0.5

 Croatia
60,000
1.4[38]
< 0.1

 Cuba
10,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Cyprus
273,000
22.7
< 0.1

 Czech Republic
10,500
0.1
< 0.1

 Denmark
230,000
4.1[38]
< 0.1

 Djibouti
853,000
97.0
0.1

 Dominica
< 1,000
0.2
< 0.1

 Dominican Republic
2,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Ecuador
145
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Egypt
73,800,000
90[60]
4.9

 El Salvador
2,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Equatorial Guinea
28,000
4.1
< 0.1

 Eritrea
1,909,000
36.6[61]-48[62]/50
0.1

 Estonia
1,508
<0.1
< 0.1

 Ethiopia
25,037,646[63]
34
1.8

 Faroe Islands
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Falkland Islands
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Federated States of Micronesia
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Fiji
54,000
6.3
<0.1

 Finland
42,000[64]
0.8[64]
<0.1

 France
5,020,000
7.5[38]
0.3

 French Guiana
2,000
0.9
<0.1

 French Polynesia
< 1,000
< 0.1
<0.1

 Gabon
145,000
9.7
<0.1

 Gambia
1,669,000
95.3
0.1

 Georgia
442,000
10.5
<0.1

 Germany
3,551,802-4,700,000[65][64]
4.4-5.8
0.2

 Ghana
4,914,000
18[33]
0.2

 Gibraltar
1,000
4.0
<0.1

 Greece
610,000
5.3[38]
<0.1

 Greenland
< 1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Grenada
< 1,000
0.3
<0.1

 Guadeloupe
2,000
0.4
<0.1

 Guam
< 1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Guatemala
1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Guinea
8,693,000
84.2
0.5

 Guinea Bissau
705,000
45[66]
<0.1

 Guyana
55,000
7.2
<0.1

 Haiti
2,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Honduras
11,000
0.1
<0.1

 Hong Kong
220,000[67]
3.1
<0.1

 Hungary
5,579[68]
0.3
<0.1

 Iceland
770[69]
0.2[69]
<0.1

 India
180,000,000[70]
14.2[71]
9.6

 Indonesia
225,000,000[72]
87.2[73]
12.7

 Iran
80,750,000[74]
99.7
4.6

 Iraq
31,108,000
99
1.9

 Ireland
70,158
1.3[75]
<0.1

 Isle of Man
< 1,000
0.2
<0.1

 Israel
1,287,000
17.7
0.1

 Italy
2,220,000
3.7[38]
0.1

 Jamaica
1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Japan
185,000
0.1
<0.1

 Jordan
6,397,000
93.8
0.4

 Kazakhstan
11,200,000
70.2 (official census)[76]
0.5

 Kenya
2,868,000
10[77]
0.2

 Kiribati
< 1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Kosovo
1,584,000[78]
95.6
0.1

 Kuwait
2,636,000
74.1[79]
0.2

 Kyrgyzstan
4,927,000
88.8
0.3

 Laos
1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Latvia
2,000
0.1
<0.1

 Lebanon
2,542,000
59.7
0.2

 Lesotho
1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Liberia
523,000
12.8
<0.1

 Libya
6,325,000
96.6
0.4

 Liechtenstein
2,000
4.8
<0.1

 Lithuania
3,000
0.1
<0.1

 Luxembourg
11,000
2.3
<0.1

 Macau
< 1,000
<0.1
<0.1

 Macedonia
500,000
33.3[80]
<0.1

 Madagascar
220,000
7[81]
<0.1

 Malawi
2,011,000
12.8
0.1

 Malaysia
19,500,000
61.4
1.1

 Maldives
309,000
100
<0.1

 Mali
15,667,704
95[33]
0.8

 Malta
1,000
0.2
<0.1

 Marshall Islands
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Martinique
< 1,000
0.2
< 0.1

 Mauritania
4,171,633
100[82]
0.2

 Mauritius
230,118
17.3[83]
< 0.1

 Mayotte
197,000
98.8
< 0.1

 Mexico
3,700[84] - 111,000[4]
0.1
< 0.1

 Moldova
15,000
0.4
< 0.1

 Monaco
< 1,000
0.5
< 0.1

 Mongolia
200,000
6
< 0.1

 Montenegro
118,477[85]
19.11[85]
< 0.1

 Montserrat
< 1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Morocco
32,381,000
99[86]
2.0

 Mozambique
5,340,000
22.8
0.3

 Namibia
9,000
0.4
< 0.1

 Nauru
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Nepal
1,253,000
4.2
0.1

 Netherlands
825,000/1,000,000
5[87] - 6[38]
0.1

 Netherlands Antilles
< 1,000
0.2
< 0.1

 New Caledonia
7,000
2.8
< 0.1

 New Zealand
41,000
0.9
< 0.1

 Nicaragua
1,000
<0.1
< 0.1

 Niger
19,502,214
98.3[88]
1.0

 Nigeria
93,839,000
41[88]-50[89]
4.7

 Niue
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 North Korea
3,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Northern Mariana Islands
< 1,000
0.7
< 0.1

 Norway
100,000-185,000[90]
2-4[91](2016 Dec.)
< 0.1

 Oman
2,427,000
85.9[92]
0.2

 Pakistan
200,294,136[93]
96.4
11.0

 Palau
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Palestinian Territories
4,298,000
97.5
0.3

 Panama
25,000
0.7
< 0.1

 Papua New Guinea
2,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Paraguay
1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Peru
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Philippines
5,000,000-10,700,000[94]
5-11
0.3-0.6

 Poland
20,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Portugal
65,000
0.6
< 0.1

 Puerto Rico
1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Qatar
1,168,000
77.5
0.1

 Republic of Congo
77,736
1.6
< 0.1

 Reunion
35,000
4.2
< 0.1

 Romania
73,000
0.3
< 0.1

 Russia
9,400,000[95] - 20,000,000[96]
6.5[95] - 15[96][97]
1.0

 Rwanda
589,429
4.8[98]
< 0.1

 St. Helena
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 St. Kitts and Nevis
< 1,000
0.3
< 0.1

 St. Lucia
< 1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 St. Pierre and Miquelon
< 1,000
0.2
< 0.1

 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
2,000
1.7
< 0.1

 Samoa
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 San Marino
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 São Tomé and Príncipe
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Saudi Arabia
31,878,000
97.1
1.6

 Senegal
14,584,931
95.9
0.8

 Serbia
221,460
3.1[99]
< 0.1

 Seychelles
< 1,000
1.1
< 0.1

 Sierra Leone
4,171,000
71.5
0.3

 Singapore
721,000
14.7[100]
< 0.1

 Slovakia
10,866
0.2[38]
< 0.1

 Slovenia
73,568
3.6[38]
< 0.1

 Solomon Islands
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Somalia
9,231,000
98.9[101][102][103][104]
0.6

 South Africa
654,064[105]
1.5
< 0.1

 South Korea
35,000
0.1
< 0.1

 South Sudan
610,000
6.2
<0.1

 Spain
1,887,906
4.1[106]
0.1

 Sri Lanka
1,967,227[107]
9.71[107]
0.1

 Sudan
39,027,950
97.0[108]
1.9

 Suriname
84,000
19.6[109]
< 0.1

 Swaziland
129,230
10[110]
< 0.1

 Sweden
450,000-500,000[111]
5[111]
< 0.1

 Switzerland
400,000[112]
5[112]
< 0.1

 Syria
17,376,000
82.9[113]
1.0

 Taiwan
60,000[114]
0.3[115]
< 0.1

 Tajikistan
6,506,000
96.7[116][117]
0.4

 Tanzania
19,426,814
35[118]
0.8

 Thailand
3,952,000
5.8
0.2

 Timor-Leste
1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Togo
827,000
20[119]
0.1

 Tokelau
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Tonga
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Trinidad and Tobago
78,000
5.8
< 0.1

 Tunisia
11,190,000
99.8
0.6

 Turkey
74,660,000
98.6
4.6

 Turkmenistan
4,830,000
93.3
0.3

 Turks and Caicos Islands
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Tuvalu
< 1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Uganda
5,030,000
12.0
0.3

 Ukraine
393,000[120]
0.9
< 0.1

 United Arab Emirates
3,262,000
67[121]
0.2

 United Kingdom
3,106,368
4.8[38]
0.2

 United States
2,595,000
0.8[122]-0.9[123]
0.2

 U.S. Virgin Islands
< 1,000
0.1
< 0.1

 Uruguay
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Uzbekistan
26,833,000
96.5
1.7

 Vanuatu
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Vatican City
0
0
0

 Venezuela
95,000
0.3
< 0.1

 Vietnam
71,200[124]
0.2
< 0.1

 Wallis and Futuna
< 1,000
< 0.1
< 0.1

 Western Sahara
528,000
99.6
< 0.1

 Yemen
24,023,000
99.0
1.5

 Zambia
140,000
1[33]
< 0.1

 Zimbabwe
488,656
3[33]
< 0.1

Zh !Central Asia
54,000,000[125]
81[126]
3.0

Zi !South Asia
600,000,000[127][128]
31.4[129][130]
30.6[131][132]

Zj !Southeast-East Asia
257,000,000[133][125]
12.0
15.0

Zk !Middle East-North Africa (MENA)
315,322,000[13]
91.2
22.9

Zl !Sub-Saharan Africa
242,544,000
29.6
15.0

Zm !Europe
44,138,000
6.0
2.7

Zn !Americas
5,256,000
0.6
0.3

Zo !World Total
1,800,000,000[1]
24.1
100.0


document_title: Bill Skarsgård

question_text: who does bill skarsgard play in atomic blonde

text: Bill Skarsgård

text: Early life[edit]

text: Skarsgård was born in Vällingby, Sweden, the son of actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My Skarsgård.[3][4][5] He has seven siblings: Alexander, Gustaf, Valter (all actors), as well as Sam, Ossian, Kolbjörn, and Eija. Ossian and Kolbjörn are half-brothers from a later marriage between Stellan Skarsgård and Megan Everett.[6][7]

text: Career[edit]

text: In 2011, Skarsgård was nominated for a Guldbagge Award for his leading role as Simon in Simple Simon.[8] At the age of 21, he won the European Film Academy's Shooting Stars Award in 2012.[9]

text: In April 2014, Skarsgård featured on the cover of Hero – a bi-annual men's fashion and culture magazine, shot by Hedi Slimane. In the issue, he is interviewed by his father.[10]

text: Skarsgård played Matthew in the science fiction thriller The Divergent Series: Allegiant (2016), his first major American film.[11]

text: Skarsgård played horror villain Pennywise the Dancing Clown in the 2017 film It, and is scheduled to reprise his role in the sequel in 2019. His role was met with praise from fans and critics alike.[12] In July 2017, it was announced that Skarsgård had been cast as a series regular in Castle Rock as a young man with an unusual legal problem.[13]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2000
White Water Fury
Klasse

2007
Spending the Night
Victor
Short

2008
Pigan brinner!
Tonårs-Nosferatu
Short

2008
Arn – The Kingdom at Road's End
Erik

2009
Kenny Begins
Pontus

2010
I rymden finns inga känslor
Simon
English: Simple Simon

2010
Behind Blue Skies
Martin

2011
The Crown Jewels
Richard Persson

2011
Simon & the Oaks
Simon

2012
Anna Karenina
Captain Machouten

2013
Victoria
Otto

2016
The Divergent Series: Allegiant
Matthew

2016
A Stone Appears
Man

2017
Atomic Blonde
Merkel

2017
Alteration
Alejandro
Short

2017
It
It / Pennywise the Dancing Clown

2017
Battlecreek
Henry

2017
Moomins and the Winter Wonderland
Moomintroll
Voice, post-production[14]

2018
Assassination Nation
Mark

2018
The Untitled Deadpool Sequel
Axel Cluney/Zeitgeist

2019
It: Chapter Two
It / Pennywise the Dancing Clown
In development

TBA
Emperor
Philip II of Spain

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2002
Laura Trenter – Dad, the Policeman
Tony
TV miniseries, 2 episodes

2009
Livet i Fagervik
Mårten
1 episode

2013–2015
Hemlock Grove
Roman Godfrey
33 episodes

2018
Castle Rock


document_title: Abbey Road, London

question_text: where was the photo of the beatles crossing the road taken

text: Abbey Road, London

text: Location[edit]

text: The north-western end of Abbey Road begins in Kilburn, at the junction with Quex Road and West End Lane. The road was once a track leading to Kilburn Priory and its associated Abbey Farm, and was developed in the early 19th century.[2] It continues south-east for roughly a mile, crossing Belsize Road, Boundary Road, and Marlborough Place, ending at the junction of Grove End Road and Garden Road.

text: History[edit]

text: The Abbey National Building Society (now Santander UK) was founded in 1874 as The Abbey Road & St John's Wood Permanent Benefit Building Society in a Baptist church on Abbey Road.

text: EMI's Abbey Road Studios are located at the south-eastern end, at 3 Abbey Road, St John's Wood. The Beatles and many other famous popular music performers have recorded at this studio, and The Beatles named their last studio LP after this street. The album's cover photograph shows the four group members walking across the zebra crossing just outside the studio entrance. As a result of its association with The Beatles, since 1969 this part of Abbey Road has been featured on the London tourism circuit. In December 2010 the crossing was given Grade II Listed Building status by English Heritage despite its age not being contemporary to that era.[3]

text: The zebra crossing featured on the Beatles cover, as well as the crossing directly north of it, have become popular photo-opportunity areas, despite the road still being a busy thoroughfare for traffic. The Beatles album cover has been parodied many times over the years on the crossing.

text: The tin street sign on the corner of Grove End Road and Abbey Road is now mounted high on the building on the corner, to save the local council the expense of cleaning and replacing the sign, which was frequently defaced and stolen. The council repaints the wall next to the zebra crossing every three months to cover fans' graffiti.[4]

text: Abbey Road is also a ward of the City of Westminster. At the 2011 Census this ward had a population of 11,250.[5]