document_title: List of Stanley Cup champions

question_text: when was last time canada won stanley cup

text: List of Stanley Cup champions

text: Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)[edit]

text: The origins of the Challenge era come from the method of play of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada prior to 1893. From 1887 to 1893, the league did not play a round-robin format, but rather challenges between teams of the association that year, with the winner of the series being the 'interim' champion, with the final challenge winner becoming the league champion for the year. The Stanley Cup kept the tradition going, but added league championships as another way that a team could win the trophy. If a team in the same league as the current champion won the league championship, it would then inherit the Cup, without a challenge. The only time this rule was not followed was in 1904, when the Ottawa Senators club withdrew from its league, the CAHL. The trustees ruled that the Cup stayed with Ottawa, instead of the CAHL league champion.

text: During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title.[2] A playoff would only be played if teams tied for first-place in their leagues at the end of the regular season. Challenge games were played until 1912 at any time during hockey season by challenges approved and/or ordered by the Stanley Cup trustees. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was only to be defended at the end of the champion team's regular season.[3]

text: In 1908, the Allan Cup was introduced as the trophy for Canada's amateurs, as the Stanley Cup became a symbol of professional hockey supremacy.[4]

text: This table lists the outcome of all Stanley Cup wins, including successful victories and defenses in challenges, and league championships for the challenge era.

text:
Date
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Playoff format
Score
Winning goal

March 17, 1893
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
1893 AHAC champions, no challengers

March 22, 1894
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
Ottawa HC (AHAC)
Single-elimination
(1894 AHAC championship playoff)
3–1
Billy Barlow (9:00, third qtr)

March 9, 1895
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)[A]
Mike Grant (capt.)
1895 AHAC Champion

March 9, 1895
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)[A]
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
Queen's University (OHA)
Single-elimination
5–1

February 14, 1896
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Jack Armytage (capt.)
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Single-elimination
2–0
Jack Armytage (10:00, first half)[5][6]

February 29, 1896
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Jack Armytage (capt.)
1896 MHA champion[7]

December 30, 1896
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Single-elimination
6–5
Ernie McLea (28:00, second half)

March 6, 1897
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
1897 AHAC Champion

December 27, 1897
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
Ottawa Capitals (CCHA)
Single-elimination[B]
15–2

March 5, 1898
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Frank Richardson-playing
1898 AHAC Champion

February 15–18, 1899
Montreal Victorias (CAHL)
Frank Richardson-Playing
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Two-game total goals
5–3
Robert MacDougall (second half)

March 4, 1899
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
1899 CAHL Champion

March 14, 1899
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Queen's University (OHA)
Single-elimination
6–2
Harry Trihey

February 12–15, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Harry Trihey (second half)

March 7, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Halifax Crescents (MaPHL)
Best-of-three
2–0 (10–2, 11–0)

March 10, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
1900 CAHL Champion

January 29–31, 1901
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Dan Bain (4:00, OT)

February 19, 1901
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Winnipeg HC (MHA)
Single-elimination
(1901 MHA championship)
4–3[8]

January 21–23, 1902
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Toronto Wellingtons (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Fred Scanlon (9:00, second half)

March 1902
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
1902 MHA Champion

March 13–17, 1902
Montreal HC (CAHL)
Clarence McKerrow
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Jack Marshall (first half)

January 29–31,
February 2–4, 1903
Montreal HC (CAHL)
Desse Browne
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1[C]
Tom Phillips

March 7–10, 1903
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith
Montreal Victorias (CAHL)
Two-game total goals
(1903 CAHL championship playoff)
9–1
Suddy Gilmour (4:34, first half, second game)

March 12–14, 1903
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith
Rat Portage Thistles (MNWHA)
Two-game total goals
10–4
Frank McGee (8:20, first half)

December 30, 1903, January 1–4, 1904
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Winnipeg Rowing Club (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Frank McGee (11:00, second half)

February 23–25, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Toronto Marlboros (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Arthur Moore (9:38, first half)

March 2, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Montreal Wanderers (FAHL)
Two-game total goals
[E]

March 9–11, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Brandon Wheat Cities (MNWHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Frank McGee (18:00, first half)

January 13–16, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Dawson City Nuggets
Best-of-three
2–0
Harry Westwick (12:15, first half)

March 3, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
1905 FAHL Champion

March 7–9–11, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Rat Portage Thistles (MHL)
Best-of-three
2–1
Frank McGee

February 27–28, 1906
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Alf Smith-playing
Queen's University (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Harvey Pulford (10:00, second half)

March 6–8, 1906
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Alf Smith-playing
Smiths Falls HC (FAHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Frank McGee (17:45, first half)

March 14–17, 1906
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford-playing
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Two-game total goals
(1906 ECAHA championship playoff)
12–10
Lester Patrick

December 27–29, 1906
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford-playing
New Glasgow Cubs (MaHL)
Two-game total goals
17–5

January 21–23, 1907
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
James Link
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Two-game total goals
12–8
Roxy Beaudro

March 16–18, 1907
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
James Link
Brandon Wheat Cities (MPHL)
Best-of-three
(1907 MPHL championship)
2–0
Fred Whitcroft (19:00, first half)[9]

March 23–25, 1907
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Lester Patrick (capt.)
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
Two-game total goals
12–8
Ernest "Moose" Johnson

January 9–13, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Ottawa Victorias (FAHL)
Two-game total goals
22–4
Frank Glass (25:00, first half, first game)[10]

March 7, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
1908 ECAHA Champions

March 10–12, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Winnipeg Maple Leafs (MPHL)
Two-game total goals
20–8

March 14, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Toronto (OPHL)
Single-elimination
6–4
Ernest "Moose" Johnson

December 28–30, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Edmonton Hockey Club (AAHA)
Two-game total goals
13–10
Walter Smaill (33:45, second half, second game)[11]

March 6, 1909
Ottawa HC (ECHA)
Pete Green
1909 ECHA champions

January 5–7, 1910
Ottawa HC (CHA)
Pete Green
Galt HC (OPHL)
Two-game total goals
15–4
Hamby Shore (10:10, first half, first game)[12]

January 18–20, 1910
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Edmonton Hockey Club (AAHA)
Two-game total goals
21–11
Bruce Stuart (23:45, first half)

March 9, 1910
Montreal Wanderers (NHA)
Frank Glass (capt.)
1910 NHA Champion

March 12, 1910
Montreal Wanderers (NHA)
Frank Glass (capt.)
Berlin Dutchmen (OPHL)
Single-elimination
7–3
Harry Hyland (22:00, first half)

March 10, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
1911 NHA Champions

March 13, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Galt HC (OPHL)
Single-elimination
7–4
Marty Walsh (5:00, third)

March 16, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Port Arthur Bearcats
(New Ontario Hockey League)
Single-elimination
13–4
Marty Walsh (4:30, second)

March 5, 1912
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Charles Nolan
1912 NHA Champions

March 11–13, 1912
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Charles Nolan
Moncton Victorias (MaPHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Joe Malone (18:00, first)

March 5, 1913
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Joe Malone (capt.)
1913 NHA Champions

March 8–10, 1913
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Joe Malone (capt.)
Sydney Millionaires (MaPHL)
Two-game total goals
20–5
Tommy Smith (3:10, second, first game)[13]

March 7–11, 1914
Toronto Hockey Club (NHA)
Jack Marshall (playing-mgr.)
Montreal Canadiens (NHA)
Two-game total goals
(1914 NHA championship playoff)
6–2
Scotty Davidson (2:00, third, second game)[14]

March 14–17–19, 1914
Toronto Hockey Club (NHA)
Jack Marshall (playing-mgr.)
Victoria Aristocrats (PCHA)
Best-of-five
3–0[F]
Harry Cameron (7:00, third)[15]

tag: table

text: ^ A. Although the Montreal Victorias won the AHAC title in 1895, the Stanley Cup trustees had already accepted a challenge from the 1894 Cup champion Montreal HC and Queen's University. As a compromise, the trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreals eventually won the game, 5–1, and their crosstown rivals were awarded the Cup.

text: ^ B. Intended to be a best-of-three series, Ottawa Capitals withdrew their challenge after the first game.

text: ^ C. The January 31 (a Saturday) game was tied 2–2 at midnight and the Mayor of Westmount refused to allow play to continue on Sunday. The game was played on February 2 (a Monday) and the January 31 game was considered to be void.[16]

text: ^ D. For most of 1904, the Ottawa Hockey Club was not affiliated with any league.

text: ^ E. The Montreal Wanderers were disqualified as the result of a dispute. After game one ended tied at the end of regulation, 5–5, the Wanderers refused to play overtime with the current referee, and then subsequently refused to play the next game of the series in Ottawa.

text: ^ F. During the series, it was revealed that the Victoria club had not filed a formal challenge. A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, stating that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.[17] However, on March 18, Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge because he had expected Emmett Quinn, president of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.[18][19]

text:
Coleman, Charles L. (1964). The Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol. 1, 1893–1926 inc. Sherbrooke, Quebec: Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Limited.
Montreal Gazette
Ottawa Citizen
Ottawa Journal
Winnipeg Tribune

text: NHA/NHL vs. PCHA/WCHL/WHL champions (1915–1926)[edit]

text: Several days after the Victoria Aristocrats – Toronto Hockey Club series, Stanley Cup trustee William Foran wrote to NHA president Emmett Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA, and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup." Maritime league did not challenge for cup in 1914, and folded after 1915 season.[20] The Stanley Cup championship finals alternated between the East and the West each year, with games played alternately under NHA or PCHA rules.[21] The Cup trustees agreed to this new arrangement, because after the Allan Cup became the highest prize for amateur hockey teams in Canada, the trustees had become dependent on the top two professional leagues to bolster the prominence of the trophy.[22][incomplete short citation] After the New Westminster Royal moved to Portland in the summer of 1914 becoming the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[21] In March 1916, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup championship final.[23][incomplete short citation] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[24] After that season, the NHA was suspended and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[21]

text: In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series tied at 2–2–1, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[25]

text: The format for the Stanley Cup championship changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Now three leagues competed for the Cup and this necessitated a semi-final series between two league champions, with the third having a bye directly to the final.[26] In 1924, the PCHA folded and only the Vancouver and Victoria teams entered the WCHL. With the loss of the PCHA, the championship reverted to a single series.[27] After their win in 1925, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[28] For the 1925–26 season the WCHL was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL). With the Victoria Cougars' loss in 1926, it would be the last time a non-NHL team competed for the Stanley Cup.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Coach
Games
Winning goal

1915
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (1, 1–0)
Frank Patrick-playing
Ottawa Senators (NHA) (1, 0–1)
Frank Shaughnessy (mgr.)
3–0
Barney Stanley (5:30, second)

1916
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (1, 1–0)
Newsy Lalonde-playing
Portland Rosebuds (PCHA) (1, 0–1)
Edward Savage (mgr.)
3–2
George Prodgers (17:20, third)

1917
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (1, 1–0)
Pete Muldoon
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (2, 1–1)
Newsy Lalonde-playing
3–1
Bernie Morris (7:55, first)

1918
Toronto Arenas[29] (NHL) (1, 1–0)
Dick Carroll
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (2, 1–1)
Frank Patrick-playing
3–2
Corb Denneny (10:30, third)

1919
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) vs. Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) – Series cancelled after the fifth game because of the flu epidemic – Stanley Cup not awarded

1920
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (2, 1–1)
Pete Green
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (3, 1–1)
Pete Muldoon
3–2
Jack Darragh (5:00, third)

1921
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (3, 2–1)
Pete Green
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (3, 1–2)
Frank Patrick-playing
3–2
Jack Darragh (9:40, second)

1922
Toronto St. Pats (NHL) (2, 2–0)
George O'Donoghue
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (4, 1–3)
Frank Patrick-playing
3–2
Babe Dye (4:20, first)

1923
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (4, 3–1)
Pete Green
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL) (1, 0–1)
Ken McKenzine
2–0
Punch Broadbent (11:23, first)

1924
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (4, 2–1)
Léo Dandurand
Calgary Tigers (WCHL) (1, 0–1)
Eddie Oatman-playing
2–0
Howie Morenz (4:55, first)

1925
Victoria Cougars (WCHL) (1, 1–0)
Lester Patrick
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (5, 2–2)
Léo Dandurand
3–1
Gizzy Hart (2:35, second)

1926
Montreal Maroons (NHL) (1, 1–0)
Eddie Gerard
Victoria Cougars (WHL) (2, 1–1)
Lester Patrick
3–1
Nels Stewart (2:50, second)

text: NHL champions (since 1927)[edit]

text: The WHL folded in 1926, and its assets were bought by the NHL. This left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs have issued challenges, but from that year forward, no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[27] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P. D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the Cup to the NHL, allowing the league itself to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[30][31] A 2006 Ontario Superior Court case found that the trustees had gone against Lord Stanley's conditions in the 1947 agreement.[32] The NHL has agreed to allow other teams to play for the Cup should the league not be operating, as was the case in the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[31]

text: Since 1927, the league's playoff format, deciding which teams advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, has changed multiple times. In some systems that were previously used, playoff teams were seeded regardless of division or conference. From 1942 to 1967, the Cup was competed for by the league's six teams, also known as the Original Six. After the 1967 NHL Expansion, the Stanley Cup was competed for by the winners of each conference. Since 1982, the Finals have been played between the league's conference playoff champions.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Coach
Games
Winning goal
Conn Smythe Trophy

1927
Ottawa Senators (C) (5, 4–1)
Dave Gill
Boston Bruins (A) (1, 0–1)
Art Ross
2–0–2
Cy Denneny (7:30, second)

1928
New York Rangers (A) (1, 1–0)
Lester Patrick-playing
Montreal Maroons (C) (2, 1–1)
Eddie Gerard
3–2
Frank Boucher (3:35, third)

1929
Boston Bruins (A) (2, 1–1)
Cy Denneny-playing
New York Rangers (A) (2, 1–1)
Lester Patrick
2–0
Bill Carson (18:02, third)

1930
Montreal Canadiens (C) (6, 3–2)
Cecil Hart
Boston Bruins (A) (3, 1–2)
Art Ross
2–0
Howie Morenz (1:00, second)

1931
Montreal Canadiens (C) (7, 4–2)
Cecil Hart
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (1, 0–1)
Dick Irvin
3–2
Johnny Gagnon (9:59, second)

1932
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (3, 3–0)
Dick Irvin
New York Rangers (A) (3, 1–2)
Lester Patrick
3–0
Ace Bailey (15:07, third)

1933
New York Rangers (A) (4, 2–2)
Lester Patrick
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (4, 3–1)
Dick Irvin
3–1
Bill Cook (7:34, OT)

1934
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (2, 1–1)
Tommy Gorman
Detroit Red Wings (A) (1, 0–1)
Jack Adams
3–1
Mush March (10:05, second OT)

1935
Montreal Maroons (C) (2, 2–1)
Tommy Gorman
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (5, 3–2)
Dick Irvin
3–0
Baldy Northcott (16:18, second)

1936
Detroit Red Wings (A) (2, 1–1)
Jack Adams
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (6, 3–3)
Dick Irvin
3–1
Pete Kelly (9:45, third)

1937
Detroit Red Wings (A) (3, 2–1)
Jack Adams
New York Rangers (A) (5, 2–3)
Lester Patrick
3–2
Marty Barry (19:22, first)

1938
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (3, 2–1)
Bill Stewart
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (7, 3–4)
Dick Irvin
3–1
Carl Voss (16:45, second)

1939
Boston Bruins (4, 2–2)
Art Ross
Toronto Maple Leafs (8, 3–5)
Dick Irvin
4–1
Roy Conacher (17:54, second)

1940
New York Rangers (6, 3–3)
Frank Boucher
Toronto Maple Leafs (9, 3–6)
Dick Irvin
4–2
Bryan Hextall (2:07, OT)

1941
Boston Bruins (5, 3–2)
Cooney Weiland
Detroit Red Wings (4, 2–2)
Jack Adams
4–0
Bobby Bauer (8:43, second)

1942
Toronto Maple Leafs (10, 4–6)
Hap Day
Detroit Red Wings (5, 2–3)
Jack Adams
4–3
Pete Langelle (9:48, third)

1943
Detroit Red Wings (6, 3–3)
Jack Adams
Boston Bruins (6, 3–3)
Art Ross
4–0
Joe Carveth (12:09, first)

1944
Montreal Canadiens (8, 5–2)
Dick Irvin
Chicago Black Hawks (4, 2–2)
Paul Thompson
4–0
Toe Blake (9:12, OT)

1945
Toronto Maple Leafs (11, 5–6)
Hap Day
Detroit Red Wings (7, 3–4)
Jack Adams
4–3
Babe Pratt (12:14, third)

1946
Montreal Canadiens (9, 6–2)
Dick Irvin
Boston Bruins (7, 3–4)
Dit Clapper
4–1
Toe Blake (11:06, third)

1947
Toronto Maple Leafs (12, 6–6)
Hap Day
Montreal Canadiens (10, 6–3)
Dick Irvin
4–2
Ted Kennedy (14:39, third)

1948
Toronto Maple Leafs (13, 7–6)
Hap Day
Detroit Red Wings (8, 3–5)
Tommy Ivan
4–0
Harry Watson (11:13, first)

1949
Toronto Maple Leafs (14, 8–6)
Hap Day
Detroit Red Wings (9, 3–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–0
Cal Gardner (19:45, second)

1950
Detroit Red Wings (10, 4–6)
Tommy Ivan
New York Rangers (7, 3–4)
Lynn Patrick
4–3
Pete Babando (8:31, second OT)

1951
Toronto Maple Leafs (15, 9–6)
Joe Primeau
Montreal Canadiens (11, 6–4)
Dick Irvin
4–1
Bill Barilko (2:53, OT)

1952
Detroit Red Wings (11, 5–6)
Tommy Ivan
Montreal Canadiens (12, 6–5)
Dick Irvin
4–0
Metro Prystai (6:50, first)

1953
Montreal Canadiens (13, 7–5)
Dick Irvin
Boston Bruins (8, 3–5)
Lynn Patrick
4–1
Elmer Lach (1:22, OT)

1954
Detroit Red Wings (12, 6–6)
Tommy Ivan
Montreal Canadiens (14, 7–6)
Dick Irvin
4–3
Tony Leswick (4:20, OT)

1955
Detroit Red Wings (13, 7–6)
Jimmy Skinner
Montreal Canadiens (15, 7–7)
Dick Irvin
4–3
Gordie Howe (19:49, second)

1956
Montreal Canadiens (16, 8–7)
Toe Blake
Detroit Red Wings (14, 7–7)
Jimmy Skinner
4–1
Maurice Richard (15:08, second)

1957
Montreal Canadiens (17, 9–7)
Toe Blake
Boston Bruins (9, 3–6)
Milt Schmidt
4–1
Dickie Moore (0:14, second)

1958
Montreal Canadiens (18, 10–7)
Toe Blake
Boston Bruins (10, 3–7)
Milt Schmidt
4–2
Bernie Geoffrion (19:26, second)

1959
Montreal Canadiens (19, 11–7)
Toe Blake
Toronto Maple Leafs (16, 9–7)
Punch Imlach
4–1
Marcel Bonin (9:55, second)

1960
Montreal Canadiens (20, 12–7)
Toe Blake
Toronto Maple Leafs (17, 9–8)
Punch Imlach
4–0
Jean Beliveau (8:16, first)

1961
Chicago Black Hawks (5, 3–2)
Rudy Pilous
Detroit Red Wings (15, 7–8)
Sid Abel
4–2
Ab McDonald (18:49, second)

1962
Toronto Maple Leafs (18, 10–8)
Punch Imlach
Chicago Black Hawks (6, 3–3)
Rudy Pilous
4–2
Dick Duff (14:14, third)

1963
Toronto Maple Leafs (19, 11–8)
Punch Imlach
Detroit Red Wings (16, 7–9)
Sid Abel
4–1
Eddie Shack (13:28, third)

1964
Toronto Maple Leafs (20, 12–8)
Punch Imlach
Detroit Red Wings (17, 7–10)
Sid Abel
4–3
Andy Bathgate (3:04, first)

1965
Montreal Canadiens (21, 13–7)
Toe Blake
Chicago Black Hawks (7, 3–4)
Billy Reay
4–3
Jean Beliveau (0:14, first)
Jean Beliveau

1966
Montreal Canadiens (22, 14–7)
Toe Blake
Detroit Red Wings (18, 7–11)
Sid Abel
4–2
Henri Richard (2:20, OT)
Roger Crozier

1967
Toronto Maple Leafs (21, 13–8)
Punch Imlach
Montreal Canadiens (23, 14–8)
Toe Blake
4–2
Jim Pappin (19:24, second)
Dave Keon

1968
Montreal Canadiens (E) (24, 15–8)
Toe Blake
St. Louis Blues (W) (1, 0–1)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
J. C. Tremblay (11:40, third)
Glenn Hall

1969
Montreal Canadiens (E) (25, 16–8)
Claude Ruel
St. Louis Blues (W) (2, 0–2)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
John Ferguson (3:02, third)
Serge Savard

1970
Boston Bruins (E) (11, 4–7)
Harry Sinden
St. Louis Blues (W) (3, 0–3)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Bobby Orr (0:40, OT)
Bobby Orr

1971
Montreal Canadiens (E) (26, 17–8)
Al MacNeil
Chicago Black Hawks (W) (8, 3–5)
Billy Reay
4–3
Henri Richard (2:34, third)
Ken Dryden

1972
Boston Bruins (E) (12, 5–7)
Tom Johnson
New York Rangers (E) (8, 3–5)
Emile Francis
4–2
Bobby Orr (11:18, first)
Bobby Orr

1973
Montreal Canadiens (E) (27, 18–8)
Scotty Bowman
Chicago Black Hawks (W) (9, 3–6)
Billy Reay
4–2
Yvan Cournoyer (8:13, third)
Yvan Cournoyer

1974
Philadelphia Flyers (W) (1, 1–0)
Fred Shero
Boston Bruins (E) (13, 5–8)
Bep Guidolin
4–2
Rick MacLeish (14:48, first)
Bernie Parent

1975
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (2, 2–0)
Fred Shero
Buffalo Sabres (PW) (1, 0–1)
Floyd Smith
4–2
Bob Kelly (0:11, third)
Bernie Parent

1976
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (28, 19–8)
Scotty Bowman
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (3, 2–1)
Fred Shero
4–0
Guy Lafleur (14:18, third)
Reggie Leach

1977
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (29, 20–8)
Scotty Bowman
Boston Bruins (PW) (14, 5–9)
Don Cherry
4–0
Jacques Lemaire (4:32, OT)
Guy Lafleur

1978
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (30, 21–8)
Scotty Bowman
Boston Bruins (PW) (15, 5–10)
Don Cherry
4–2
Mario Tremblay (9:20, first)
Larry Robinson

1979
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (31, 22–8)
Scotty Bowman
New York Rangers (CC) (9, 3–6)
Fred Shero
4–1
Jacques Lemaire (1:02, second)
Bob Gainey

1980
New York Islanders (CC) (1, 1–0)
Al Arbour
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (4, 2–2)
Pat Quinn
4–2
Bob Nystrom (7:11, OT)
Bryan Trottier

1981
New York Islanders (CC) (2, 2–0)
Al Arbour
Minnesota North Stars (PW) (1, 0–1)
Glen Sonmor
4–1
Wayne Merrick (5:37, first)
Butch Goring

1982
New York Islanders (PW) (3, 3–0)
Al Arbour
Vancouver Canucks (CC) (1, 0–1)
Roger Neilson
4–0
Mike Bossy (5:00, second)
Mike Bossy

1983
New York Islanders (PW) (4, 4–0)
Al Arbour
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (1, 0–1)
Glen Sather
4–0
Mike Bossy (12:39, first)
Billy Smith

1984
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (2, 1–1)
Glen Sather
New York Islanders (PW) (5, 4–1)
Al Arbour
4–1
Ken Linseman (0:38, second)
Mark Messier

1985
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (3, 2–1)
Glen Sather
Philadelphia Flyers (PW) (5, 2–3)
Mike Keenan
4–1
Paul Coffey (17:57, first)
Wayne Gretzky

1986
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (32, 23–8)
Jean Perron
Calgary Flames (CC) (1, 0–1)
Bob Johnson
4–1
Bobby Smith (10:30, third)
Patrick Roy

1987
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (4, 3–1)
Glen Sather
Philadelphia Flyers (PW) (6, 2–4)
Mike Keenan
4–3
Jari Kurri (14:59, second)
Ron Hextall

1988
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (5, 4–1)
Glen Sather
Boston Bruins (PW) (16, 5–11)
Terry O'Reilly
4–0
Wayne Gretzky (9:44, second)
Wayne Gretzky

1989
Calgary Flames (CC) (2, 1–1)
Terry Crisp
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (33, 23–9)
Pat Burns
4–2
Doug Gilmour (11:02, third)
Al MacInnis

1990
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (6, 5–1)
John Muckler
Boston Bruins (PW) (17, 5–12)
Mike Milbury
4–1
Craig Simpson (9:31, second)
Bill Ranford

1991
Pittsburgh Penguins (PW) (1, 1–0)
Bob Johnson
Minnesota North Stars (CC) (2, 0–2)
Bob Gainey
4–2
Ulf Samuelsson (2:00, first)
Mario Lemieux

1992
Pittsburgh Penguins (PW) (2, 2–0)
Scotty Bowman
Chicago Blackhawks (CC) (10, 3–7)
Mike Keenan
4–0
Ron Francis (7:59, third)
Mario Lemieux

1993
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (34, 24–9)
Jacques Demers
Los Angeles Kings (CC) (1, 0–1)
Barry Melrose
4–1
Kirk Muller (3:51, second)
Patrick Roy

1994
New York Rangers (EC) (10, 4–6)
Mike Keenan
Vancouver Canucks (WC) (2, 0–2)
Pat Quinn
4–3
Mark Messier (13:29, second)
Brian Leetch

1995
New Jersey Devils (EC) (1, 1–0)
Jacques Lemaire
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (19, 7–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Neal Broten (7:56, second)
Claude Lemieux

1996
Colorado Avalanche (WC) (1, 1–0)
Marc Crawford
Florida Panthers (EC) (1, 0–1)
Doug MacLean
4–0
Uwe Krupp (4:31, third OT)
Joe Sakic

1997
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (20, 8–12)
Scotty Bowman
Philadelphia Flyers (EC) (7, 2–5)
Terry Murray
4–0
Darren McCarty (13:02, second)
Mike Vernon

1998
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (21, 9–12)
Scotty Bowman
Washington Capitals (EC) (1, 0–1)
Ron Wilson
4–0
Martin Lapointe (2:26, second)
Steve Yzerman

1999
Dallas Stars (WC) (3, 1–2)
Ken Hitchcock
Buffalo Sabres (EC) (2, 0–2)
Lindy Ruff
4–2
Brett Hull (14:51, third OT)
Joe Nieuwendyk

2000
New Jersey Devils (EC) (2, 2–0)
Larry Robinson
Dallas Stars (WC) (4, 1–3)
Ken Hitchcock
4–2
Jason Arnott (8:20, second OT)
Scott Stevens

2001
Colorado Avalanche (WC) (2, 2–0)
Bob Hartley
New Jersey Devils (EC) (3, 2–1)
Larry Robinson
4–3
Alex Tanguay (4:57, second)
Patrick Roy

2002
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (22, 10–12)
Scotty Bowman
Carolina Hurricanes (EC) (1, 0–1)
Paul Maurice
4–1
Brendan Shanahan (14:04, second)
Nicklas Lidstrom

2003
New Jersey Devils (EC) (4, 3–1)
Pat Burns
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (WC) (1, 0–1)
Mike Babcock
4–3
Michael Rupp (2:22, second)
Jean-Sebastien Giguere

2004
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) (1, 1–0)
John Tortorella
Calgary Flames (WC) (3, 1–2)
Darryl Sutter
4–3
Ruslan Fedotenko (14:38, second)
Brad Richards

2005
Season cancelled due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

2006
Carolina Hurricanes (EC) (2, 1–1)
Peter Laviolette
Edmonton Oilers (WC) (7, 5–2)
Craig MacTavish
4–3
Frantisek Kaberle (4:18, second)
Cam Ward

2007
Anaheim Ducks (WC) (2, 1–1)
Randy Carlyle
Ottawa Senators (EC) (1, 0–1)
Bryan Murray
4–1
Travis Moen (15:44, second)
Scott Niedermayer

2008
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (23, 11–12)
Mike Babcock
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (3, 2–1)
Michel Therrien
4–2
Henrik Zetterberg (7:36, third)
Henrik Zetterberg

2009
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (4, 3–1)
Dan Bylsma
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (24, 11–13)
Mike Babcock
4–3
Maxime Talbot (10:07, second)
Evgeni Malkin

2010
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (11, 4–7)
Joel Quenneville
Philadelphia Flyers (EC) (8, 2–6)
Peter Laviolette
4–2
Patrick Kane (4:06, OT)
Jonathan Toews

2011
Boston Bruins (EC) (18, 6–12)
Claude Julien
Vancouver Canucks (WC) (3, 0–3)
Alain Vigneault
4–3
Patrice Bergeron (14:37, first)
Tim Thomas

2012
Los Angeles Kings (WC) (2, 1–1)
Darryl Sutter
New Jersey Devils (EC) (5, 3–2)
Peter DeBoer
4–2
Jeff Carter (12:45, first)
Jonathan Quick

2013
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (12, 5–7)
Joel Quenneville
Boston Bruins (EC) (19, 6–13)
Claude Julien
4–2
Dave Bolland (19:01, third)
Patrick Kane

2014
Los Angeles Kings (WC) (3, 2–1)
Darryl Sutter
New York Rangers (EC) (11, 4–7)
Alain Vigneault
4–1
Alec Martinez (14:43, second OT)
Justin Williams

2015
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (13, 6–7)
Joel Quenneville
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) (2, 1–1)
Jon Cooper
4–2
Duncan Keith (17:13, second)
Duncan Keith

2016
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (5, 4–1)
Mike Sullivan
San Jose Sharks (WC) (1, 0–1)
Peter DeBoer
4–2
Kris Letang (7:46, second)
Sidney Crosby

2017
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (6, 5–1)
Mike Sullivan
Nashville Predators (WC) (1, 0–1)
Peter Laviolette
4–2
Patric Hornqvist (18:25, third)
Sidney Crosby

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)[edit]

text: Legend: SC = successful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (win); UC = unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (loss); Years in bold denote a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Team
SC
UC
Total
Win %
Appearances

Ottawa HC
17
2
19
.895
1894, 1903 (2), 1904 (4), 1905 (3), 1906 (2), 1906, 1909, 1910 (2), 1911 (3)

Montreal Wanderers
10
2
12
.833
1904, 1906 (2), 1907, 1907, 1908 (5), 1910 (2)

Winnipeg Victorias
6
5
11
.545
1896 (2), 1896, 1899, 1900, 1901 (2), 1902 (2), 1902, 1903

Montreal Victorias
6
2
8
.750
1895, 1896, 1896, 1897 (2), 1898, 1899, 1903

Montreal Shamrocks
5
1
6
.833
1899 (2), 1900 (3), 1901

Montreal HC
5
0
5
1.000
1893, 1894, 1895, 1902, 1903

Quebec Bulldogs
4
0
4
1.000
1912 (2), 1913 (2)

Rat Portage/Kenora Thistles
2
3
5
.400
1903, 1905, 1907 (2), 1907

Toronto Blueshirts
2
0
2
1.000
1914 (2)

Queen's University
0
3
3
.000
1895, 1899, 1906

Brandon Wheat Cities
0
2
2
.000
1904, 1907

Edmonton HC
0
2
2
.000
1908, 1910

Galt HC
0
2
2
.000
1910, 1911

Winnipeg Maple Leafs
0
2
2
.000
1901, 1908

text: The following 16 teams unsuccessfully challenged for a Stanley Cup only once: Berlin Dutchmen (1910), Dawson City Nuggets (1905), Halifax Crescents (1900), Moncton Victorias (1912), Montreal Canadiens (1914), New Glasgow Cubs (1906), Ottawa Capitals (1897), Ottawa Victorias (1908), Port Arthur Bearcats (1911), Smiths Falls (1906), Sydney Millionaires (1913), Toronto Marlboros (1904), Toronto Professionals (1908), Toronto Wellingtons (1902), Victoria Aristocrats (1914), Winnipeg Rowing Club (1904).

text: Stanley Cup Finals era (since 1915)[edit]

text: Active teams[edit]

text: Unless marked otherwise, teams played in the NHL exclusively at the time they competed for the Stanley Cup. A bolded year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Apps
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of appearance (in Stanley Cup Finals)

7001340000000000000♠34[a]
Montreal Canadiens
7001240000000000000♠24
7000900000000000000♠9[a]
.727
1916, 1917, 1919 [a], 1924, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1993

7001240000000000000♠24
Detroit Red Wings
7001110000000000000♠11
7001130000000000000♠13
.458
1934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, 2009

7001210000000000000♠21
Toronto Maple Leafs[b]
7001130000000000000♠13
7000800000000000000♠8
.619
1918, 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967

7001190000000000000♠19
Boston Bruins
7000600000000000000♠6
7001130000000000000♠13
.316
1927, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990, 2011, 2013

7001130000000000000♠13
Chicago Blackhawks[c]
7000600000000000000♠6
7000700000000000000♠7
.462
1931, 1934, 1938, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1973, 1992, 2010, 2013, 2015

7001110000000000000♠11
New York Rangers
7000400000000000000♠4
7000700000000000000♠7
.364
1928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1940, 1950, 1972, 1979, 1994, 2014

7000800000000000000♠8
Philadelphia Flyers
7000200000000000000♠2
7000600000000000000♠6
.250
1974, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2010

7000700000000000000♠7
Edmonton Oilers
7000500000000000000♠5
7000200000000000000♠2
.714
1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, 2006

7000600000000000000♠6
Pittsburgh Penguins
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
.833
1991, 1992, 2008, 2009, 2016, 2017

7000500000000000000♠5
New York Islanders
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
.800
1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984

7000500000000000000♠5
New Jersey Devils
7000300000000000000♠3
7000200000000000000♠2
.600
1995, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2012

7000400000000000000♠4
Dallas Stars[d]
7000100000000000000♠1
7000300000000000000♠3
.250
1981, 1991, 1999, 2000

7000300000000000000♠3
Los Angeles Kings
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
.667
1993, 2012, 2014

7000300000000000000♠3
Calgary Flames
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
.333
1986, 1989, 2004

7000300000000000000♠3
St. Louis Blues
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
.000
1968, 1969, 1970

7000300000000000000♠3
Vancouver Canucks
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
.000
1982, 1994, 2011

7000200000000000000♠2
Colorado Avalanche
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
1.000
1996, 2001

7000200000000000000♠2
Anaheim Ducks[e]
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2003, 2007

7000200000000000000♠2
Carolina Hurricanes
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2002, 2006

7000200000000000000♠2
Tampa Bay Lightning
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2004, 2015

7000200000000000000♠2
Buffalo Sabres
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
.000
1975, 1999

7000100000000000000♠1
Florida Panthers
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
1996

7000100000000000000♠1
Nashville Predators
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2017

7000100000000000000♠1
Ottawa Senators[f]
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2007

7000100000000000000♠1
San Jose Sharks
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2016

7000100000000000000♠1
Washington Capitals
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
1998

text: Five active teams have yet to make a Stanley Cup Finals appearance. Three of these teams have remained in the same location since their inceptions:

text:
Columbus Blue Jackets (16 seasons, 3 playoffs)
Minnesota Wild (16 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 Division Championship)
Vegas Golden Knights (2017 expansion team)

text: The other two teams have relocated and have not made the Finals in either location:

text:
Atlanta Thrashers (11 seasons, 1 playoff, 1 Division Championship) / Winnipeg Jets (5 seasons, 1 playoff)
Winnipeg Jets (original team) (17 seasons, 11 playoffs) / Phoenix-Arizona Coyotes (19 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 Division Championship)

text: Five relocated teams that have won the Stanley Cup in their current locations and never appeared in the Finals in their former locations:

text:
Quebec Nordiques (16 seasons, 9 playoffs, 2 Division Championships) – won 2 Stanley Cups as Colorado Avalanche
Kansas City Scouts (2 seasons, never made playoff contention)/Colorado Rockies (6 seasons, 1 playoff) – won 3 Stanley Cups as New Jersey Devils
Oakland Seals-California Golden Seals (9 seasons, 2 playoffs)/Cleveland Barons (2 seasons, never made playoff contention) – merged with Minnesota North Stars who lost twice in the Finals then won the Stanley Cup once as Dallas Stars
Atlanta Flames (8 seasons, 6 playoffs) – won Stanley Cup once as Calgary Flames
Hartford Whalers (18 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 Division Championship) – won Stanley Cup once as Carolina Hurricanes

text: Defunct teams[edit]

text: Listed after the team name is the name of the affiliated league(s) when the team competed for the Stanley Cup. A bold year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of Appearance

5
Ottawa Senators (NHA/NHL)
4
1
.800
1915, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1927

4
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA/WCHL)
1
3
.250
1915, 1918, 1921, 1922

3
Montreal Maroons (NHL)
2
1
.667
1926, 1928, 1935

3 [a]
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA)
1
1[a]
.500
1917, 1919[a], 1920

2
Victoria Cougars (WCHL/WHL)
1
1
.500
1925, 1926

1
Portland Rosebuds (PCHA)
0
1
.000
1916

1
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL)
0
1
.000
1923

1
Calgary Tigers (WCHL)
0
1
.000
1924

text:
a The Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans appearance totals include the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic. It is not considered an official series win or loss by either team.
b The franchise known today as the Toronto Maple Leafs won the Cup in 1918 as the Toronto Hockey Club[33] (later engraved on the Stanley Cup as the Toronto Arenas in 1947), and in 1922 as the Toronto St. Patricks.
c The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season.
d The Dallas Stars totals include two series losses as the Minnesota North Stars.
e The Anaheim Ducks totals include one series loss as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
f The modern Ottawa Senators (1992–present) are the namesake of the original Senators (1883–1934).


document_title: Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr

question_text: french for the more things change the more they stay the same

root

text: Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr

text: Life[edit]

text: Karr was born in Paris, and after being educated at the Collège Bourbon, became a teacher there. Some of his novels, including his first, Sous les Tilleuls (1832), were autobiographical romances. A second novel, Une heure trop tard, followed next year, and was succeeded by many other popular works. His Vendredi soir (1835) and Le Chemin le plus court (1836) continued the vein of autobiographical romance with which he had made his first success. Geneviève (1838) is one of his best stories, and his Voyage autour de mon jardin (1845) was deservedly popular. Others were Feu Bressier (1848), and Fort en thème (1853), which had some influence in stimulating educational reform.

tag: p

text: In 1839 Alphonse Karr became editor of Le Figaro, to which he had been a constant contributor; and he also started a monthly journal, Les Guêpes, of a keenly satirical tone, a publication which brought him the reputation of a somewhat bitter wit. His epigrams are frequently quoted, for example "plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose"[1]—"the more it changes, the more it's the same thing", usually translated as "the more things change, the more they stay the same," (Les Guêpes, January 1849). On the proposal to abolish capital punishment, "je veux bien que messieurs les assassins commencent"[2]—"let the gentlemen who do the murders take the first step".

text: In 1848 he founded Le Journal. In 1855 he went to live at Nice, where he indulged his predilections for floriculture, and gave his name to more than one new variety, notably the dahlia (New International Encyclopedia). Indeed, he practically founded the trade in cut flowers on the French Riviera. He was also devoted to fishing, and in Les Soirées de Sainte-Adresse (1853) and Au bord de la mer (1860) he made use of his experiences. His reminiscences, Livre de bord, were published in 1879–1880. He died at Saint-Raphaël (Var).

text: Family[edit]

text: Karr's brother Eugène was a talented engineer, and his niece Carme Karr was a writer, journalist and suffragist in La Roche-Mabile.

text: Novels[edit]

text:
Sous les Tilleuls (1832)
Une heure trop tard (1833)
Vendredi soir (1835)
Le chemin le plus court (1836)
Geneviève (1838)
Voyage autour de mon jardin (1845)
Feu Bressier (1848)
Fort en thème (1853)
Les Soirés de Sainte-Adresse (1853)
Histoires Normandes (1855)
Au bord de la mer (1860)
Une poignee de verites (1866)
Livre de bord (1879–80)

tag: ul

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The short story Les Willis was the basis of Giacomo Puccini's opera Le Villi (1884).

text: The bamboo species Bambusa multiplex Alphonse Karr was named in his honour.[3]


document_title: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)

question_text: who plays darcy in pride and prejudice and zombies

text: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In early 19th century England, the Bennet sisters—Elizabeth, Jane, Kitty, Lydia, and Mary—have all been trained in the art of weaponry and martial arts in China at their father's behest so they can defend themselves from the zombies. Mrs. Bennet only wants to see her daughters married off to wealthy suitors. The Bennets attend a country dance also attended by the rich Bingley family, where the young and handsome Bingley falls for Jane. Charles Bingley has inherited £100,000 (£5.9 million today)—attracting Mrs. Bennet's attention as a desirable suitor for her daughter. When zombies attack the ball, the Bennet sisters fight them off, and Colonel Darcy, a friend of Bingley's and skilled zombie-killer, with property that pays him £10,000 annually (£590,000 today), becomes smitten with Elizabeth. On the way to the Bingleys later, Jane is attacked by a zombie and catches a fever. Darcy orders her confined in fear that she may have been bitten, but she successfully recovers.

text: The Bennets are visited by the overbearing Parson Collins, who proposes to Elizabeth, but states that she must give up her life as a warrior, something she refuses to do. Elizabeth meets a charming soldier named Wickham, and arranges to meet him at another ball. She travels with him to a church that is filled with zombies who feed on pig brains instead of human brains, keeping their behaviour relatively normal. Wickham believes that with these new civilised zombies, humans can coexist peacefully with them. He asks Elizabeth to elope with him, but she backs off. Elizabeth learns that Darcy convinced the Bingleys to leave to keep Bingley away from Jane. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, having fallen in love with her, she expresses outrage at his actions and fights him.

text: Darcy later writes Elizabeth a letter to apologise. He reiterates that he separated Jane and Bingley for fear that Jane only wanted to marry Bingley for his wealth, having overheard Mrs. Bennet drunkenly mention it. He also exposes Wickham's true nature: he and Wickham were childhood friends but Wickham may have murdered Darcy's father, squandered the inheritance he did receive and tried to elicit additional money from Darcy's estate, then tried to elope with Darcy's little sister for her fortune. Elizabeth learns that Wickham has taken Lydia and London has been overrun with zombies. Darcy saves Lydia and learns that Wickham is actually using the 'civilised' zombies to create a zombie army which has overrun London based on Wickham's planning, and will rule the country. He stops him by giving the zombies human brains, which turns them savage.

text: While fighting, Darcy stabs Wickham's chest, revealing him to have been undead all along, staying civilized by consuming pig brains. Elizabeth saves Darcy from being killed by Wickham. As the two ride across the bridge, the army destroys it to keep the zombies from crossing over from London. Darcy is injured in the explosion, and Elizabeth tearfully admits her love for him. After Darcy recovers, he proposes to Elizabeth again, and this time, she agrees. The two have a joint wedding with Bingley and Jane.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Wickham leads a horde of zombies toward the wedding celebration with the Four Horsemen of the Zombie Apocalypse riding behind him.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lily James as Elizabeth Bennet
Sam Riley as Fitzwilliam Darcy
Jack Huston as Mr. Wickham
Bella Heathcote as Jane Bennet
Douglas Booth as Mr. Bingley
Matt Smith as Mr. Collins
Charles Dance as Mr. Bennet
Lena Headey as Lady Catherine de Bourgh
Suki Waterhouse as Kitty Bennet
Emma Greenwell as Caroline Bingley
Ellie Bamber as Lydia Bennet
Millie Brady as Mary Bennet
Sally Phillips as Mrs. Bennet
Aisling Loftus as Charlotte Lucas
Dolly Wells as Mrs. Featherstone
Tom Lorcan as Lieutenant Denny
Hermione Corfield as Cassandra
Jess Radomska as Annabelle Netherfield

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The film is based on the 2009 novel of the same name, which was billed as having been co-written by Jane Austen and Seth Grahame-Smith. The project was first announced on December 10, 2009, in Variety, when it was revealed that Natalie Portman would both star in the role of Elizabeth Bennet and produce, and that Lionsgate would finance and distribute.[7] On December 14, David O. Russell was announced as the writer and director of the film.[8] On October 5, 2010, it was revealed that Russell had left the production due to scheduling conflicts.[9] Russell later revealed that he had disputes with Lionsgate over the budget.[10] The next day, it was announced that Portman had quit the role of Elizabeth Bennet, though she would still produce the film.[11] Following Russell's departure, Lionsgate offered Mike Newell and Matt Reeves the chance to take over from him, but both declined. On November 3, 2010, the Los Angeles Times reported that Lionsgate had held meetings with Mike White, Neil Marshall and Jeffrey Blitz as potential directors.[12] White was hired on November 5.[13] On January 19, 2011, it was announced that White had had to leave the film due to scheduling conflicts with a pre-existing commitment at HBO.[14]

text: In February 2011, Craig Gillespie took over as director.[15] Gillespie revealed he was attracted to the project by the mashing of genres.[16] In May 2011, screenwriter Marti Noxon was hired to rewrite Russell's script.[17] On October 27, 2011, it was announced that Gillespie had left the film.[18] The project then stalled until March 2013, when Panorama Media joined to produce, finance, and handle foreign sales.[19] In May, it was announced that Burr Steers would take over as director.[20] Steers did a rewrite of the script, saying that he had reinserted "all the Pride and Prejudice beats”.[21]

text: At one point, Lily Collins, Jennifer Aniston, and Rowan Atkinson were all attached to the project.[22]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on September 24, 2014 at West Wycombe House & Park, Buckinghamshire.[23] During the Halloween weekend, actors were spotted shooting some scenes at Hatfield House in Hertfordshire.[24] In early November, crews were filming at Basing House in Old Basing.[25] On November 13, filming shifted to Frensham in Surrey, where they shot until November 21.[26]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Film score by Fernando Velázquez

Released
February 5, 2016

Recorded
2015

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
58:06

Label
Varèse Sarabande

text: The film's soundtrack was released digitally on February 5, 2016, and physically on February 12 by Varèse Sarabande.[27] The soundtrack features the film’s original score, composed and conducted by Fernando Velázquez.

text:
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Darcy"
4:00

2.
"An Illustrated History of England 1700-1800"
2:20

3.
"Dressing for the Dance"
0:36

4.
"The Man from Uribe"
2:11

5.
"Dance of the Ponderous Distaff"
1:29

6.
"We Are Under Attack!!"
2:27

7.
"Carriage Ride"
1:05

8.
"Orphans"
1:47

9.
"The Soldiers of Meryton"
1:10

10.
"Menuet Des Mortes Vivants"
1:35

11.
"Orphan Attack"
3:34

12.
"Don’t Go Into the Woods Alone"
1:29

13.
"St Lazarus"
2:43

14.
"Rosings Park"
1:15

15.
"Midnight Walk"
1:08

16.
"Flirt Lovers Fight"
2:45

17.
"The Letter / Siege of London"
4:09

18.
"The In-Between"
5:36

19.
"Darcy Is Saved"
1:59

20.
"Back to St Lazarus"
2:13

21.
"Zombies Are Fed / Attack / Showdown"
5:13

22.
"After the Explosion"
2:40

23.
"Happy Ending?"
4:42

Total length:
58:06

text: Release[edit]

text: On March 30, 2015, Screen Gems originally set the film a release date for February 19, 2016.[28] However, on April 22, 2015, Screen Gems moved up the film's release date to February 5, 2016. The film was released by Lionsgate in the UK on February 11, 2016.[6]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In October 2014, Entertainment Weekly published the first photo from the production.[21] In July 2015, Lily James, Sam Riley, Bella Heathcote, Douglas Booth, Jack Huston, Matt Smith, Burr Steers and Seth Grahame-Smith appeared at a panel at Comic-Con to promote the film, where the first trailer debuted.[29] On October 9, 2015, the UK teaser trailer and poster were released.[30] On October 22, 2015, Screen Gems released the first official US trailer and poster.[31] On November 26, 2015, Lionsgate UK released a full-length trailer and the film's first official British poster.[6]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on May 31, 2016.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies grossed $10.9 million in North America and $5.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $16.4 million, against a budget of $28 million.[4]

text: The film was released in North America on February 5, 2016, alongside Hail, Caesar! and The Choice. The film was projected to gross $10–12 million from 2,931 theaters in its opening weekend.[3] It earned $300,000 from previews showing on Thursday night and $5.3 million in its opening weekend, finishing below expectations and 6th at the box office.[32] In its third weekend it was pulled from 2,455 theaters (88%), the third biggest drop in history at the time.[33]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 43%, based on 161 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies manages to wring a few fun moments out of its premise, but never delivers the thoroughly kooky mashup its title suggests."[34] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 45 out of 100, based on reviews from 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[35] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.[36]

text: Rafer Guzmán of Newsday wrote positively about the film, giving the film three out of four stars, calling it "an unexpected and off-kilter treat, thanks to a BBC-quality cast and (un)deadpan humor."[37] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, commenting that "PP&Z is rated PG-13, so the zombie gore is decidedly decorous. But before repetition dulls the party, the movie gets in a few juicy innings."[38] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film two out of four stars saying "Compared with other Jane Austen movies, it isn't much, but compared with other zombie apocalypse movies, it's an intelligent, literate effort."[39] Jesse Hassenger of The A.V. Club gave the film a C, commenting "That this particular retelling of the Jane Austen novel feels like a Cliffs Notes version is understandable; that its zombie bits are equally rudimentary, though, is more disappointing."[40] Clark Collis of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying "If more inventive than scary, Pride and Prejudice and Zombies breathes fresh life into the hugely popular, but now desperately predictable, undead genre."[41] Mark Kermode of The Guardian gave the film two out of five stars, saying "Yet torn between Austen and the undead, Steers seems unsure how straight to play either element, blunting comedy, horror and romance alike. The result lacks bite—the one element that zombies and Austen should have in common."[42] Helen O'Hara of The Daily Telegraph also gave two out of five stars, saying "If it had been more elegant in its storytelling, it could have been a fun genre crossover, but the best efforts of Steers and his cast can’t turn the overstuffed book into a film that makes any real sense."[43] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times gave the film a mixed review, saying "Both pride and prejudice still play their parts, but now in service to one tediously repeated joke: the sight of a gentleman or a lady, together or alone, playing cards or ballroom dancing, fatally swarmed by devouring zombies."[44]

text: Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film one and a half out of four stars, saying "Like the novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, the movie Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is predicated on a simple, single gimmick: It’s Pride and Prejudice … with zombies. This is a vaguely amusing idea which somehow got stretched out to an entire book, which somehow became a best seller, which inevitably means it had to be made into a film."[45] Keith Uhlich of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, calling the film "Lumbering, lifeless and—strange thing to say about a cadaver—almost entirely charmless."[46] Lindsey Bahr of the Associated Press also gave a negative review, saying "This story might have been better suited to a television adaptation. The characters would have been allowed to breathe for a beat in that case. Here, the action and violence take up the space that would have generally been used for character development."[47] Stephen Whitty of New York Daily News gave the film two out of 5 stars, saying "The hungry monsters in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies are looking for nice big brains. Well, they won't find any here."[48] Stephanie Merry of The Washington Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, commenting ""Pride and Prejudice and Zombies" delivers what its title promises: a little romance and some undead villains, plus a bit of comedy. But this overly busy riff on Austen's winning formula doesn't justify all the tinkering."[49] Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News gave the film a B−, calling the film "Fun, funny, gory and yet still strangely romantic."[50]

text: Literary scholar and Austen professor Devoney Looser stated in Entertainment Weekly magazine her opinion that the film's first half, and especially Matt Smith's Mr. Collins, were comic, jarring, and enjoyable. She assessed the film overall with, "I laughed a lot and I shrieked. I was wavering between B+ and A−. I’m willing to bump it up for its originality and live with my grade-inflation reputation: A−." Zombie expert Clark Collis did not rate the film quite as high: "I enjoy genre movies that attempt something different—and this does—but I didn't find it all that scary. I'd give it a 'B'".[51]


document_title: List of Daytona 500 pole position winners

question_text: who won the pole for this year's daytona 500

question_tokens: who won the pole for this year 's daytona 500

text: Procedure[edit]

text: The qualifying session for pole position is held before the Daytona 500. Drivers take one timed lap to determine their time. The fastest qualifier takes the pole position for the Daytona 500 and starts on the inside of the first row; the second fastest starts alongside him on the outside, referred to as the "outside pole."[6] Both front row starters are locked into these starting positions.[6]

text: The 2015 race used the standard knockout qualifying system. Up to the 2014 race, drivers took two timed laps, and the better of the two timed laps was the driver's lap for purposes of Daytona 500 qualifying. Until 2001, NASCAR offered a second (and at times, a third) round of qualifying for teams who wished to improve their qualifying times. Drivers and teams decided if they were content with their first attempt, and "stood on their time", or if they wanted to improve their chances by attempting a "second-round qualifying" attempt. If satisfied with the original attempt, the team was required to notify NASCAR within five minutes of the final practice sessions, and before the beginning of the "second-round qualifying" attempts. Drivers who made second-round attempts started behind first-round only drivers; however, the qualifying times were crucial, since it determined a driver's fall back time should he fail to finish in the top 14 of the qualifying races. The strategy was usually done by drivers whose times would not make the race or be on the bubble.[7] The second round of qualifying ended in 2001.[8]

text: The two fastest drivers in the final qualifying session (the Daytona 500 pole winner and the "outside" pole winner) only are also awarded the pole positions for the two qualifying races held the following Thursday. Drivers are ranked by the furthest number of rounds advanced in qualifying, and then their qualifying time in the final round that they reached. Those who rank with an odd-numbered position are assigned to the first qualifying race, and those with an even-numbered rank to the second race. Cars in the final round of qualifying start the race in the front.[9] The starting spots for the third through 32nd positions are determined by the drivers' finishing position in the qualifying races, with only the top 15 drivers' results, excluding the pole sitter in each race, advancing to the feature.[10] Since 2005, each of the two qualifying races is 150-mile (240 km) long, or 60 laps. From its inception in 1959 until 1967, it was 40 laps, and from 1969 to 2004 it was 50 laps.[11] After the races, the top four drivers in speed of those that failed to advance through the qualifying race are positioned in positions 33-36. The speeds used for this does not reflect their official qualifying times; regardless of which qualifying round they reached, their time used is the fastest time set in any round (first, second, or third), and does not reflect their starting position in the Duels. Positions 37-42 will go to the top six teams (not drivers) in points from the previous year's owners (team) points standings of teams not already qualified, again with their positions based on speed, again based on the fastest time in any round, not in the final round that they reached. The final starting position in the Daytona 500 (43rd overall) is reserved by NASCAR to allow one former NASCAR champion to start the race under the "champion's provisional" rule. Also known as the "Petty Rule", this rule was established in 1989 when NASCAR's winningest driver (Richard Petty) failed to qualify for an event at Richmond International Raceway.[12] If the Champion's Provisional is not necessary, the seventh-highest team in the previous year's points advances, and positions 37-43 are positioned based on speed from their fastest round of qualifying.

text: From 2005 until 2012, NASCAR adopted an "All Exempt Tour" format similar to golf. The teams in the top 35 of owner points during the previous season would be eligible to run in the Daytona 500, regardless of qualifying speed.[13] The qualifying races now determine the relative starting position for these 35 drivers plus the starting positions for an additional seven to eight teams.[14] The top 35 drivers, plus two non-top 35 drivers from each qualifier, start in the first 39 positions of the 500.[14] The 40th, 41st, and 42nd starting positions are given to the fastest three non-exempt cars based on qualifying speed, which have not already qualified.[14] The 43rd starting position is awarded to the most recent previous NASCAR champion who attempted to qualify; it is given to the fastest car that hadn't qualified if all previous champions qualified into the field.[14] In 2008, the qualifying competition became known as the "Coors Light Pole" when Coors replaced Budweiser as the primary sponsor.[15] Budweiser's parent company, Anheuser Busch Corporation, had been sponsoring the race since 1979.[15]

text: History[edit]

text: In early years, qualifying had varying formats: from one timed lap, to the average of two laps, to the better of two laps. The idea of having two individual races to establish the starting lineup of the Daytona 500 dates back to the first race in 1959.[16] That event, advertised as "the 500 Mile NASCAR International Sweepstakes",[17] featured cars from NASCAR's Grand National (now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) division racing against cars in the Convertible division.[16] The first of the 100-mile (160 km) qualifying races consisted of Convertible division cars and the second of Grand National cars.[16] Shorty Rollins won the 100-mile Convertible race to become the track's first winner.[18] When the green flag was thrown on the first Daytona 500, 59 cars raced to the starting line; the event was held without a caution period during the entire race.[17] In 1960 (incidentally, the first ever national telecast of a NASCAR race), the last chance race was eliminated; from 1960 through 1967 the qualifying events were 100 miles (160 km) in length.[15] When the season opened in 1968, the qualifying races were increased to 125 miles (201 km),[15] which meant the drivers would have to make at least one pit-stop to refuel (though the races were not held because of weather in 1968). Prior to 1971, the qualifying races yielded points to the drivers' championship.[19]

text: The 12-mile-per-hour (19 km/h) reduction in speed for the 1971 qualification was a result of NASCAR's effort to limit the increasing speeds achieved through the late 1960s and early 1970s. Engine size and technology, along with increased aerodynamic styling changes,[20] brought speeds to over 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) at some of the larger superspeedways.[21] In an effort to reduce the escalating costs of developing faster racing equipment, increased horsepower, and the lack of parity in competition, NASCAR implemented several restrictions for the 1971 season,[20][22] attempting to reduce speed by two methods. It experimented with restrictor plates for the first time at Michigan in August 1970.[23] At the beginning of the 1971 season, NASCAR limited an engine's cubic inch displacement.[20] The reductions had the effect of reducing costs for teams, but also limiting the horsepower and top speeds of NASCAR teams.[21] At the time, NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. stated:

text: "Special cars, including the Mercury Cyclone Spoiler, Ford Talladega, Dodge Daytona, Dodge Charger 500, and Plymouth Superbird shall be limited to a maximum engine size of 305 cubic inches."

text: Corporate sponsors purchased naming rights to qualifying races; between 1982 and 1984, Uno cards was the title sponsor for the "Uno Twin 125's" qualifying events. In 1985 they became known as "7-Eleven Twin 125's"; no sponsors funded the 1988 and 1989 qualifying events and the races were called "Daytona Twin Qualifiers". Gatorade became the sponsor of the dual qualifying events in 1991. In 2005, the event was increased 150 miles (240 km),[15] and became known as the "Gatorade Duels" until 2015. Starting in 2016 CanAm took over sponsorship of the races, where it stands today.[6]

text: Since the restrictor plate era began in 1988 until 2014, qualifying was the better single lap of two;[24] drivers are permitted one warm-up lap followed by two consecutive timed laps. Since restrictor plate cars require more time to accelerate to full speed, drivers often consider their first timed lap a "throwaway lap," and use it essentially as a second warm-up lap; and the second timed lap is usually the fastest of the three laps.[24]

text: In August 2009, NASCAR announced that it would reschedule the 2010 opening round of qualifying to avoid a conflict with the NFL Super Bowl.[25] The events that determine the top two starters for the Daytona 500 were rescheduled after the NFL moved the Super Bowl day one week to February 7, 2010.[26] Qualifying had originally been scheduled for February 7, but NASCAR moved the date back to Saturday, February 6, to avoid conflict with the NFL. Daytona Speedway president, Robin Braig, stated:

text: "We're excited about the new schedule, [...] By moving Daytona 500 qualifying to Saturday, we are now providing even more value to our race fans. (They) can now enjoy a unique racing triple-header as well as all the festivities surrounding the Super Bowl the following day."

text: In 2014, NASCAR adopted, starting with the second race of the year in Phoenix, a Formula One-style knockout qualifying system. After tweaking it in the 2014 GEICO 500 at Talladega, the format became three five-minute rounds, with the first round being split as two five-minute rounds with half the field in each round. As is the case for standard knockout qualifying, the top 24 advanced to the second round, and the top 12 advancing to the final round. This format was used at the Daytona 500 for the first time in 2015, but was soon abandoned for restrictor plate races after a series of incidents taking place during qualifying.

text: Restrictor plate races eventually gets a new two-round qualifying format starting from the first Talladega race. In round 1, each car goes out one at a time for one warm-up, one timed, and one cool down lap. The order for the cars released was determined by a random draw. NASCAR will release the next car to begin their lap while the current car is finishing their timed lap with the goal to have the next car start their timed lap no more than 20 seconds after the previous car finishes. The top 12 cars from round 1 will make a second run in the same format to determine the starting lineup for positions 1–12, with the order of cars released are the invert of round 1 result (i.e. the 12th placed car will be released first). Positions 13th and below are determined by round 1 result.

text: Daytona 500 pole winners[edit]

text:
Year of event
Driver[28]
Car make
Average
speed
Restrictor plate
Notes

1959
Welborn, BobBob Welborn
Chevrolet
140.121 mph (225.503 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below); Entire lineup set by Qualifying races[30]

1960
Owens, CottonCotton Owens
Pontiac
149.892 mph (241.228 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[31]

1961
Roberts, FireballFireball Roberts
155.709 mph (250.589 km/h)[29]

Won Qualifying race[32][33]

1962
156.999 mph (252.665 km/h)[29]

Won Qualifying race; won Daytona 500[34][35]

1963
160.943 mph (259.013 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[36]

1964
Goldsmith, PaulPaul Goldsmith
Plymouth
174.910 mph (281.490 km/h)[29]

Track record at time (see below)

1965
Dieringer, DarelDarel Dieringer
Mercury
171.151 mph (275.441 km/h)[29]

Also won Qualifying race

1966
Petty, RichardRichard Petty
Plymouth
175.165 mph (281.901 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1967
Turner, CurtisCurtis Turner
Chevrolet
180.831 mph (291.019 km/h)[29]

1968
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough
Mercury
189.222 mph (304.523 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1969
Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker (1)
Dodge
188.901 mph (304.007 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[37]

1970
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough (2)
Mercury
194.015 mph (312.237 km/h)[29]

1971
Foyt, A. J.A. J. Foyt
182.744 mph (294.098 km/h)[29]

1972
Isaac, BobbyBobby Isaac
Dodge
186.632 mph (300.355 km/h)[29]

1973
Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker (2)
185.662 mph (298.794 km/h)[29]

1974
Pearson, DavidDavid Pearson
Chevrolet
185.017 mph (297.756 km/h)[29] First season of 5900cc engine formula (358 cubic inches).

1975
Allison, DonnieDonnie Allison (1)
185.827 mph (299.060 km/h)[29]

1976
Stott, RamoRamo Stott
183.456 mph (295.244 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[38]

1977
Allison, DonnieDonnie Allison (2)
188.048 mph (302.634 km/h)[29]

1978
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough (3)
Oldsmobile
187.536 mph (301.810 km/h)[29]

1979
Baker, BuddyBuddy Baker (4)
196.049 mph (315.510 km/h)[29]

1980
194.099 mph (312.372 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below); Won Daytona 500[39]

1981
Allison, BobbyBobby Allison
Pontiac
194.624 mph (313.217 km/h)[29]

1982
Parsons, BennyBenny Parsons
196.317 mph (315.942 km/h)[29]

1983
Rudd, RickyRicky Rudd
Chevrolet
198.864 mph (320.041 km/h)[29]

Not fastest qualifier (see below)[40]

1984
Yarborough, CaleCale Yarborough (4)
201.848 mph (324.843 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1985
Elliott, BillBill Elliott
Ford
205.114 mph (330.099 km/h)[29]

Won Daytona 500[29]

1986
205.039 mph (329.978 km/h)[29]

1987
210.364 mph (338.548 km/h)[29]

All-time track record;[3] Won Daytona 500[29]

1988
Schrader, KenKen Schrader
Chevrolet
193.823 mph (311.928 km/h)[29]
1.0001 inch plate[23]

1989
196.996 mph (317.034 km/h)[29]
1.0001 inch plate[23]
Also won first qualifying race[41]

1990
196.515 mph (316.260 km/h)[29]
0.937515/16 inch plate[23]
Geoff Bodine started on pole (see below)[42]

1991
Allison, DaveyDavey Allison
Ford
195.955 mph (315.359 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]

1992
Marlin, SterlingSterling Marlin
192.213 mph (309.337 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

1993
Petty, KyleKyle Petty
Pontiac
189.426 mph (304.852 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

1994
Allen, Jr., LoyLoy Allen, Jr.
Ford
190.158 mph (306.030 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]
Allen was the first rookie pole winner[43]

1995
Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett (1)
196.498 mph (316.233 km/h)[29]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

1996
Earnhardt, DaleDale Earnhardt
Chevrolet
189.510 mph (304.987 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23] Compression ratio limit on engines established at 14:1.

1997
Skinner, MikeMike Skinner
189.813 mph (305.474 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]

1998
Labonte, BobbyBobby Labonte
Pontiac
192.415 mph (309.662 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23] Compression ratio limit on engines reduced to 12:1.

1999
Gordon, JeffJeff Gordon (1)
Chevrolet
195.067 mph (313.930 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]
Won Daytona 500[29]

2000
Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett (2)
Ford
191.091 mph (307.531 km/h)[29]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]
Won Daytona 500[29]

2001
Elliott, BillBill Elliott (4)
Dodge
183.565 mph (295.419 km/h)[29]
0.937515/16 inch plate[23]

2002
Johnson, JimmieJimmie Johnson (1)
Chevrolet
185.831 mph (299.066 km/h)
0.937515/16 inch plate[23]
Johnson's rookie season, having run only three races in 2001[44]

2003
Green, JeffJeff Green
186.606 mph (300.313 km/h)[45]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

2004
Biffle, GregGreg Biffle
Ford
188.387 mph (303.179 km/h)[46]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[23]
Engine failed in final practice; Dale Earnhardt, Jr. started first and won race (see below)[47]

2005
Jarrett, DaleDale Jarrett (3)
188.312 mph (303.059 km/h)[48]
0.89062557/64 inch plate[23]

2006
Burton, JeffJeff Burton
Chevrolet
189.151 mph (304.409 km/h)[49]
0.89062557/64 inch plate[23]

2007
Gilliland, DavidDavid Gilliland
Ford
186.320 mph (299.853 km/h)[50]
0.8757/8 inch plate[23]

2008
Johnson, JimmieJimmie Johnson (2)
Chevrolet
187.075 mph (301.068 km/h)[51]
0.9687531/32 inch plate[23]

2009
Truex, Jr., MartinMartin Truex, Jr.
188.001 mph (302.558 km/h)[52]
0.9687531/32 inch plate

2010
Martin, MarkMark Martin
191.188 mph (307.687 km/h)
0.98437563/64 inch plate[53]
Oldest Daytona 500 pole-sitter at age of 51.

2011
Earnhardt, Jr., DaleDale Earnhardt, Jr.
186.089 mph (299.481 km/h)[54]
0.9062529/32 inch plate[55]
Crashed in Wednesday practice; Kurt Busch, who won the first Duel, started first. First race to use fuel injection system after engine formula changed.

2012
Edwards, CarlCarl Edwards
Ford
194.738 mph (313.400 km/h)[56]

2013
Patrick, DanicaDanica Patrick
Chevrolet
196.434 mph (316.130 km/h)

First woman to win a pole in the Daytona 500 and first woman to win a pole in a Cup race.

2014
Dillon, AustinAustin Dillon
196.019 mph (315.462 km/h)

First time the No. 3 car has gone to the pole in Daytona since 1996, and the first appearance for the No. 3 in the NASCAR Cup Series since 2001.

2015
Gordon, JeffJeff Gordon (2)
201.293 mph (323.950 km/h) (Q3)

Not fastest qualifier; Three-round Formula One-style group knockout qualifying used.

2016
Elliott, ChaseChase Elliott
196.314 mph (315.937 km/h) (Q2)[57]

The youngest pole-sitter in 500 history at the age of 20. Indianapolis 500 style two-round qualifying system used (all cars take one round, then top 12 cars take a second round for pole).

2017
Elliott, ChaseChase Elliott (2)
192.872 mph (310.397 km/h) (Q2)[58]

Second consecutive pole for Elliott and third consecutive for crew chief Alan Gustafson.

2018
Bowman, AlexAlex Bowman
195.644 mph (314.858 km/h)

text: As of 2017 Chase Elliott is the first driver to win back to back 500 poles, since his father (NASCAR hall of famer) Bill Elliott

text: Notes[edit]

text:
1959: Cotton Owens (143.198 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[29]
1960: Fireball Roberts (151.556 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[31]
1963: Johnny Rutherford (165.183 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[36]
1964: On April 4, 1959, Dick Rathmann set the one-lap Daytona International Speedway track qualifying record driving in a USAC Champ Car race at 173.210 mph.[59] The Champ Cars would not return to the track. The one-lap record held until 1964 when Paul Goldsmith finally broke it in a NASCAR stock car with a speed of 174.910 mph.[29]
1969: David Pearson (190.029 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[37]
1976: A. J. Foyt (185.943 mph) was the fastest qualifier.[38]
1980: A. J. Foyt (195.020 mph) was the fastest qualifier again.[39]
1983: On his first of two qualifying laps, Cale Yarborough ran a lap of 200.503 mph, a new track record, and the first 200 mph lap (320 km/h) in Daytona history. On the second lap, however, gusty winds caused him to spin, flip over, and crash in turn 4. The car had to be withdrawn, and the lap did not count. Yarborough started a backup car on race day, and was moved to the rear of the field.[60] Ricky Rudd was credited with the fastest qualifying speed at 198.864 mph.[40]
1990: Pole winner Ken Schrader crashed during the Budweiser Duel, and was required to start a back-up car on race day. His car was moved to the rear of the field, and duel winner Geoff Bodine moved up to the pole position.[42]
2003: Starting with the 2002 Subway 400 at Rockingham (the race after the 2002 Daytona 500), teams were not permitted to change engines during the race week. For the Daytona 500, a team must race their qualifying race with the same engine they used to qualify. An engine change between first qualifying practice and the qualifying race means the team must start in the back for that race only. After the qualifying races, teams will be allowed one engine change before the start of the final Daytona 500 practices on the Saturday before the race. The engine in the car for the Saturday practices before the Daytona 500 is the declared engine, with any engine change after the first Daytona 500 practice that occurs after the qualifying race will be penalized with the team being sent to the rear of the field. As is the case for a backup car after a crash, the respective column of cars moves up when the offending car is moved to the back. This is the first Daytona 500 with the new engine rule.
2004: Greg Biffle won his first Nextel Cup Series pole but changed engines after final Daytona 500 practice the Saturday before the race. This moved the inside column of cars up, and Dale Earnhardt Jr. started first and won the race.[47]
2011: Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the Coors Light Pole Award, but crashed in Wednesday practice. Although a backup car was implemented and Earnhardt started in the rear for the first Duel, he also was moved to the rear for the Daytona 500 under an oddity in Daytona 500 qualifying rules. Drivers who switch to backup cars after incidents in Wednesday practice do not have to move to the back for the Daytona 500 if the car raced in the Duel is the same car for the 500, unless it is one of the front row qualifying cars. Kurt Busch, who won the first Duel, started first.
2015: Starting with 2014 The Profit on CNBC 500 the next week at Phoenix, multiple-round knockout qualifying, used in many codes of motorsport, was implemented. The knockout format was used for the first time at the Daytona 500, using the old restrictor plate qualifying format (three five-minute rounds, with the first round split evenly between cars, each having a five-minute round, top 24 advance to the second round, top 12 advancing to the final round). Six drivers were faster than pole speed in Q1, and three drivers (including eventual pole winner Jeff Gordon) were faster than the pole speed in Q2. The pole time was set in Q3. Aric Almirola (44.473 seconds/202.370 mph (325.683 km/h)) was the fastest qualifier, but the time was set in Q1; he finished 15th in Q2 (originally 17th, but moved up after two post-Q3 disqualifications) and did not advance to Q3.
2016: Starting with the 2015 GEICO 500 at Talladega, one-lap single car qualifying was used on plate tracks. After the round was completed, the top 12 cars advance to Q2, where the drivers take one more timed lap. The two drivers with the fastest laps in Q2 start first and second, respectively, in the Daytona 500.

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Multiple Daytona 500 pole winners[edit]

text:
4 pole positions

Buddy Baker (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980)[29]
Cale Yarborough (1968, 1970, 1978, 1984)[29]
Bill Elliott (1985, 1986, 1987, 2001)[29]

3 pole positions

Fireball Roberts (1961, 1962, 1963)[29]
Ken Schrader (1988, 1989, 1990)[29]
Dale Jarrett (1995, 2000, 2005)[28]

2 pole positions

Donnie Allison (1975, 1977)[29]
Jimmie Johnson (2002, 2008)[28]
Jeff Gordon (1999, 2015)
Chase Elliott (2016, 2017)

text: Consecutive Daytona 500 pole winners[edit]

text:
3 consecutive

Fireball Roberts (1961–1963)[29]
Bill Elliott (1985–1987)
Ken Schrader (1988–1990)

2 consecutive

Buddy Baker (1979–1980)
Chase Elliott (2016–2017)

text: Family Daytona 500 pole winner combos[edit]

text:
Bobby Allison (1981), Donnie Allison (1975, 1977) (Brother of Bobby), and Davey Allison (1991) (Son of Bobby)
Dale Earnhardt (1996) (Father) and Dale Earnhardt Jr. (2011) (Son)
Richard Petty (1966) (Father) and Kyle Petty (1993) (Son)
Bill Elliott (1985–87, 2001) (Father) and Chase Elliott (2016–2017) (Son)

text: Daytona 500 winners from pole position[edit]

text:
1962 - Fireball Roberts[29]
1966 - Richard Petty
1968, 1984 - Cale Yarborough
1980 - Buddy Baker
1985, 1987 - Bill Elliott
1999 - Jeff Gordon
2000 - Dale Jarrett

text: Television broadcasts[edit]

text: The very first NASCAR races to ever be shown on television were broadcast by CBS. In February 1960, CBS sent a "skeleton" production crew to Daytona Beach, Florida and the Daytona International Speedway to cover the Daytona 500's Twin 100 (now the Can-Am Duels) qualifying races on February 12, 1960.[61] The production crew also stayed to broadcast portions of the Daytona 500 itself, two days later. The event was hosted by John S. Palmer. CBS would continue to broadcast portions of races for the next 18 years, along with ABC and NBC.[62]