document_title: List of The X Factor finalists (UK series 7)

question_text: where did 1 direction finish in x factor

question_tokens: where did 1 direction finish in x factor

text: List of The X Factor finalists (UK series 7)

text: Boys[edit]

text: The Boys category was mentored by Dannii Minogue. Contestants in this category are males aged 16 to 28. The eight candidates were Karl Brown, Matt Cardle, Nicolo Festa, Aiden Grimshaw, Marlon McKenzie, Tom Richards, Paije Richardson and John Wilding. Minogue chose:

text: Matt Cardle[edit]

text: Matt Cardle (born 15 April 1983)[2] is a former painter and decorator from Little Maplestead, Essex.[3] Born to parents David and Jennifer Cardle, he was diagnosed with Wilms' tumour, a form of cancer, when he was a toddler. He recovered after one of his kidneys was removed at age 2.[4] Before applying to The X Factor, he was the frontman and acoustic guitar player of the band Seven Summers,[5] alongside Alex Baker (drums), Jon Holland (bass), and Neillo (guitars). The band had alternative rock, pop, urban, and folk influences and released a debut album[6] on 22 January 2010 with their debut single being "Picture of You".[7]

text: Cardle auditioned for The X Factor with "You Know I'm No Good".[3] He sang "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" at bootcamp[8] and "If I Were a Boy" at judges' houses.[9] In the first week, Cardle sang "When Love Takes Over". Show bosses asked him to perform a "secret gig" at the Five Bells pub, in Colne Engaine, providing footage for the Saturday ITV show.[10] In week two, he sang "Just the Way You Are" and in week 3, "...Baby One More Time". After reaching the final two singers, it was revealed that his winning single would be a cover of Biffy Clyro's "Many of Horror", retitled as "When We Collide". He was announced overall winner of the competition during the final held on 12 December 2010. His debut album, Letters, was released in the UK on 17 October 2011.[11]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"You Know I'm No Good" - Amy Winehouse
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"Paparazzi" - Lady Gaga
Through to the next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" - Roberta Flack
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"If I Were a Boy" - Beyoncé
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"When Love Takes Over" - David Guetta feat. Kelly Rowland
Number-one singles
Safe (2nd)

Live show 2
"Just the Way You Are" - Bruno Mars
Heroes
Safe (1st)

Live show 3
"...Baby One More Time" - Britney Spears
Guilty pleasures
Safe (1st)

Live show 4
"Bleeding Love" - Leona Lewis
Halloween
Safe (1st)

Live show 5
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" - Roberta Flack
American anthems
Safe (1st)

Live show 6
"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" - Elton John
Elton John
Safe (1st)

Live show 7
"Come Together" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Safe (1st)

Live show 8
"I Love Rock 'n' Roll" - Joan Jett and the Blackhearts
Rock
Safe (1st)

"Nights in White Satin" - The Moody Blues

Semi-final
"You Got the Love" - Florence and the Machine
Club classics
Safe (1st)

"She's Always a Woman" - Billy Joel
Song to get you to the final

Final (Part 1)
"Here with Me" - Dido
No theme
Safe (1st)

"Unfaithful" - (with Rihanna)
Celebrity duet

Final (Part 2)
"Firework" - Katy Perry
No theme
Winner

"When We Collide"
Winners single

text: Nicolo Festa[edit]

text: Nicolò Festa is a 21-year-old student from Treviso, Italy.[12][13] He is the son of Michele Festa, deputy commissioner of the police flying squad in Verona, who apprehended notorious Mafia boss Felice Maniero after his 1994 escape from prison.[12][13][14] He studied Languages at Ca' Foscari University of Venice and then moved to London a few months before applying for The X Factor. His father said his son's dream is to remain living there.[12] He auditioned with "A Song for You", after which Louis Walsh called him "a diva in the making".[15] At bootcamp, he sang "Life on Mars?", and made it through to the next round.[16] He said that his fame was "inevitable" before performing "New York" in the judges' houses stage and was picked for the live shows by Minogue.[17] For the first live show, he sang "Just Dance" and was eliminated in the series' first double elimination, after receiving the fewest public votes. In answer to host Dermot O'Leary's question regarding how he felt being the first one to exit, he replied: "I feel like crap".[18] In April 2011, he began collaborating with independent label Aztec Records writing and recording new songs.[19]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"A Song for You" - Ray Charles
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
Unknown
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Life on Mars" - David Bowie
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"New York" - Paloma Faith
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Just Dance" - Lady Gaga feat. Colby O'Donis
Number-one singles
Eliminated (Sixteenth place)

text: Aiden Grimshaw[edit]

text: Aiden Grimshaw (born 4 December 1991) is a student from North Shore, Blackpool.[20] He attended the Michael Hall Theatre School.[20] Before auditioning for The X Factor, he played Tom Holmes in an episode of CBBC show Half Moon Investigations.[21][22] He auditioned with "Gold Digger",[23] prompting Cowell to say "Now that's what I call a pop star!".[23] He then auditioned with "This Year's Love" during Bootcamp[16] and "Cannonball" at judges' houses.[24] His mentor Dannii Minogue selected Grimshaw as one of her three contestants to continue in the competition for the live shows. For the first live show, he sang "Mad World", which the judges praised. In the second live show, he sang "Jealous Guy". In the third live show, his performance of "Diamonds Are Forever" was praised by the judges. In live show 4, he sang a slower rendition of Michael Jackson's "Thriller". Grimshaw sang "Nothing Compares 2 U" in week 5 and in week 6, Grimshaw sang "Rocket Man". Grimshaw was in the bottom two that week, along with Katie Waissel. Simon Cowell and Cheryl Cole voted to eliminate Grimshaw while Minogue and Louis Walsh voted to save him. This meant the result went to deadlock, and he was eliminated.[25] His debut album, Misty Eye, was released on 13 August 2012 via RCA Records. It was preceded by his debut single, Is This Love, which was released on 3 June 2012 and entered the UK Singles Chart at number 35. A second single from the album, "Curtain Call", features Labrinth's sister ShezAr and charted at number 49 in the UK. Grimshaw has since worked on his second album, and released a free EP titled Aiden on 26 November 2013. In 2013, he dropped his surname from his stage name, now becoming simply Aiden.

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"Gold Digger" - Kanye West
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
Unknown
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"This Year's Love" - David Gray
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Cannonball" - Damien Rice
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Mad World" - Tears for Fears
Number-one singles
Safe (5th)

Live show 2
"Jealous Guy" - John Lennon
Heroes
Safe (4th)

Live show 3
"Diamonds Are Forever" - Shirley Bassey
Guilty pleasures
Safe (6th)

Live show 4
"Thriller" - Michael Jackson
Halloween
Safe (6th)

Live show 5
"Nothing Compares 2 U" - Sinéad O'Connor
American anthems
Safe (6th)

Live show 6
"Rocket Man - Elton John
Elton John
Bottom two (9th)

"Don't Dream It's Over - Paul Young
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Ninth place)

text: Paije Richardson[edit]

text: Paije Richardson (born 15 November 1990) is a cinema usher and former fashion student from Islington, London.[26] He finished a BTEC National Diploma in Art and Design (Fashion and Clothing) at City and Islington College.[26] Richardson also had a cameo appearance in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. He appeared again in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, playing an extra in the Battle of Hogwarts.[27] He first auditioned with "Fly Me to the Moon", but Walsh was the only judge to enthuse over his performance, Cowell compared him to a wedding singer and joined Cole in giving him a no.[28] Walsh went backstage to ask him to come back at the end of the day with another song.[28] When Richardson returned, he performed "It's a Man's Man's Man's World",[28] to which he received a yes from all three judges, with Cowell complimenting his taste in music.[28]

text: At judges' houses, he performed "True Colors"[24] but failed to make it into the initial top 12.[9] He was then chosen by Minogue as her wildcard.[1] For the first live show, he sang "Killing Me Softly with His Song", in the second live show, he sang "If I Ain't Got You" in the third live show, he sang "Ain't Nobody", and in week 4, he sang "Back to Black" by Amy Winehouse. After performing "Let It Be" in week 7, Richardson was in the final showdown with Cher Lloyd. Only Minogue voted to send Richardson through to the quarter-final, while Cowell, Cole and Walsh voted to send Lloyd through to the quarter-final, and he was eliminated.[29] After the series finished, voting statistics confirmed that Richardson had actually received more public votes than Lloyd meaning if Walsh sent the vote to deadlock, Richardson would have been sent through to the quarter-final and Lloyd would have been eliminated.

text: On 25 April 2012, Richardson unveiled his debut single, "Bang Bang", which was released on 16 July 2012. His debut album was funded via donations made through PledgeMusic and was released during September 2012.[30]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"Fly Me to the Moon" - Frank Sinatra
N/A
Eliminated, invited back to audition again

"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" - James Brown
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
Unknown
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Make You Feel My Love" - Adele
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"True Colors" - Cyndi Lauper
Eliminated, re-instated as wildcard

Live show 1
"Killing Me Softly" - Fugees
Number-one singles
Safe (7th)

Live show 2
"If I Ain't Got You" - Alicia Keys
Heroes
Safe (9th)

Live show 3
"Ain't Nobody" - Chaka Khan & Rufus
Guilty pleasures
Safe (7th)

Live show 4
"Back to Black" - Amy Winehouse
Halloween
Safe (7th)

Live show 5
"I'm a Believer"/ "Hey Ya!" - The Monkees/ Outkast
American anthems
Safe (7th)

Live show 6
"Crocodile Rock - Elton John
Elton John
Safe (6th)

Live show 7
"Let It Be" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Bottom two (7th)

"Stop! - Sam Brown
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Eighth place)

text: Girls[edit]

text: The Girls category was mentored by Cheryl Cole. Contestants in this category are females aged 16 to 28. The eight candidates were Keri Arrindell, Annastasia Baker, Treyc Cohen, Rebecca Ferguson, Cher Lloyd, Gamu Nhengu, Raquel Thomas and Katie Waissel. Cole chose:

text: Treyc Cohen[edit]

text: Treyc Cohen, (born 11 October 1983) is from Stonydelph in Tamworth,[31] is a call-centre worker[32] and former music student, who quit studying at the University of Wolverhampton in the summer.[31] In Series 6, Cohen was in the over-25s category, getting through to the final twenty-four, but was eliminated at the judges' houses stage.[33] This series, Cohen was placed in the girls' category (after the age limit was changed to 28) and she once again was through to the judges' houses, where she sang "Ave Maria".[31] She was not picked to be in the initial top 12 acts,[9] but Cole chose her as a wildcard for the live finals.[1]

text: Cohen faced controversy after it was revealed that she signed a management deal with Artimis Music Management Ltd[34] that landed her a contract in October 2009 with Birmingham-based Ajoupa Records, that released her debut single entitled "A Time to Be Heard",[35] which was also the debut single of Ajoupa Records itself. It was released on 14 December 2009, featuring the a cappella group The Black Voices.[36] The rules of The X Factor strictly forbid record deals while a contestant is on the show and the show's legal team worked to free her from her contract.[35]

text: Her rendition of "One" in the first live show brought her rave comments, including Cowell saying: "I am amazed that we overlooked you in this competition. I didn't like what you're wearing, but honestly that's not an issue, because by a far mile, that was the best vocal for the entire competition thus far".[37] Cohen went on to sing "Purple Rain" in the second week, progressing on to the third week, when she sang "Whole Lotta Love". Cohen landed in the final showdown with John Adeleye, but was able to progress onto the fourth week after her performance of "One Night Only" convinced the judges to keep her in the competition. Cohen then went on to sing "Relight My Fire" and got through to the fifth week. On week 5, Cohen sang "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". Cohen was once again in the bottom two, against Katie Waissel, and sang "Un-Break My Heart". Cheryl Cole, being both the girls' mentor, refused to send home either act and, after offering to go last to send the result to deadlock, the majority of votes was used. Only Minogue was in Treyc's favour, thus eliminating her from the competition and finishing tenth overall.[38][39] After the series ended, it was revealed that Cohen received more votes than Waissel, meaning if Cole had been allowed to send the vote to deadlock, Waissel would have been eliminated.

text: From 24 June 2011, Cohen starred as Dorothy Gale in a West Yorkshire Playhouse production of The Wiz; a re-telling of the 1978 film The Wiz.[40]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"You Got the Love" - Florence and the Machine
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"Paparazzi" - Lady Gaga
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Creep" - Radiohead
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Ave Maria" - Beyoncé
Eliminated, re-instated as wildcard

Live show 1
"One" - U2
Number-one singles
Safe (8th)

Live show 2
"Purple Rain" - Prince
Heroes
Safe (10th)

Live show 3
"Whole Lotta Love" - Led Zeppelin
Guilty pleasures
Bottom two (12th)

"One Night Only" - Jennifer Hudson
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Live show 4
"Relight My Fire" - Take That feat. Lulu
Halloween
Safe (9th)

Live show 5
"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" - Aerosmith
American anthems
Bottom two (9th)

"Un-Break My Heart" - Toni Braxton
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Tenth place)

text: Rebecca Ferguson[edit]

text: Rebecca Ferguson (born 21 July 1986)[41] is a student and single mother to Lillie May and Karl (aged 5 and 4, at the time) from Anfield, Liverpool.[42] She is a qualified legal secretary, having studied at Hugh Baird College, Bootle.[43] She had previously unsuccessfully auditioned for The X Factor and for P. Diddy's Starmaker in New York.[42] She sang "A Change Is Gonna Come" during her audition in front of judges Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and guest judge Nicole Scherzinger.[42] At her bootcamp audition, she sang "Like a Star", to which Cowell said "That is a recording voice!". Scherzinger said, "I told you first time I saw her, she is our generation's songbird."[44] She sang "Fireflies" at judges' houses and was sent through to the live shows by mentor Cheryl Cole and assistant, will.i.am.[9] For the first live show, she sang "Teardrops" and in the second live show, she sang "Feeling Good". In the third live show, she sang "Why Don't You Do Right?" and in the fourth live show, she sang "Wicked Game". In the fifth live show, Rebecca received a standing ovation from Cowell and Cole, following her performance of "Make You Feel My Love". In the following week, Ferguson received another standing ovation from Dannii Minogue and Cole after singing "Candle in the Wind". In the final, she performed a duet with Christina Aguilera, performing Aguilera's hit single "Beautiful". Ferguson's winner's song was a cover of Duffy's "Distant Dreamer", but she finished as the runner-up to Matt Cardle, making her the first female runner-up on The X Factor. After the final, it was announced that Ferguson had been signed by Syco Music.[45]

text: In January 2011, it was reported by The Sun that she had signed a joint record deal between Syco and Epic Records.[46] Her debut album has been confirmed and is due for release on 5 December 2011.[47]

text: She is the new face of Walkers crisps Sunbites as of June 2011.[48]

text: On 20 November 2011, Ferguson released her debut single "Nothing's Real But Love", which debuted at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. Nothing's Real But Love also charted at no.23 in Ireland, 16 in Italy and 24 in Switzerland. On 5 December 2011, Rebecca released her debut album, "Heaven", and it debuted at number 3 in the United Kingdom, Heaven also charted at number 7 in Switzerland, 9 in Ireland, and 30 in Italy. Her second single, "Too Good to Lose", was released on 4 March 2012 and charted at 186 on the UK Singles Chart. "Glitter & Gold" was released as her third single on 29 April 2012 and charted at 152 on the UK Singles Chart.[citation needed]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"A Change Is Gonna Come" - Sam Cooke
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"If I Were a Boy" - Beyoncé
Through to the next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Like a Star" - Corinne Bailey Rae
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Fireflies" - Owl City
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Teardrops" - Womack & Womack
Number-one singles
Safe (6th)

Live show 2
"Feeling Good" - Nina Simone
Heroes
Safe (5th)

Live show 3
"Why Don't You Do Right?" - Benny Goodman & Peggy Lee
Guilty pleasures
Safe (5th)

Live show 4
"Wicked Game" - Chris Isaak
Halloween
Safe (5th)

Live show 5
"Make You Feel My Love" - Bob Dylan
American anthems
Safe (2nd)

Live show 6
"Candle in the Wind" - Elton John
Elton John
Safe (2nd)

Live show 7
"Yesterday" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Safe (2nd)

Live show 8
"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" - U2
Rock
Safe (2nd)

"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" - The Rolling Stones

Semi-final
"Show Me Love" - Robin S.
Club classics
Safe (2nd)

"Amazing Grace" - Aretha Franklin
Song to get you to the final

Final (Part 1)
"Like a Star" - Corinne Bailey Rae
No theme
Safe (2nd)

"Beautiful" - (with Christina Aguilera)
Celebrity duet

Final (Part 2)
"Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" - Eurythmics
No theme
Runner-up

"Distant Dreamer"
Winners single

text: Cher Lloyd[edit]

text: Cher Lloyd, (born 28 July 1993), is from Malvern, where she lives with her parents Darren and Dina, brother Josh, and sisters, Sophie and Rosie (aged 15, 14, and 12 at the time).[49] She is of gypsy ancestry through her mother.[50][51] She studied performing arts at Dyson Perrins CE Sports College in 2009.[49] She auditioned for The X Factor twice before (when the minimum age was lower) singing ballads but it was only after reinventing herself that she got through to see the judges.[52] Lloyd has previously performed at holiday camps and said she gets a mixed reaction to her music.[53] She auditioned singing the Soulja Boy version of "Turn My Swag On".[53] At bootcamp, she sang a rap version of "Viva La Vida",[8] adding lyrics she claimed to have written herself, but this was disputed and reports claimed she took them from a song by rapper Swizz Beatz.[54][55] At the judges' houses, she performed "Cooler Than Me",[24] but was unable to complete her song after suffering from tonsillitis.[9] She was given a second chance, but broke down sobbing and could not complete the song. She was still picked, however, as one of the final three girls by mentor Cheryl Cole.

text: Lloyd sang a rendition of "Just Be Good to Me" in the first of the live shows. In the second live show, she sang "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)". In the third live show, she sang a mashup of "No Diggity" and "Shout", and in the fourth live show, she sang "Stay". This was the first time Lloyd did not rap in her performance, and Cowell said, "I think it was the performance of the entire season". In week five, Lloyd sang "Empire State of Mind", but judges stated that after last week they were disappointed and Cowell said it was copycat. In the seventh week, Lloyd was in the final showdown for the first time against Paije Richardson after her rendition of "Imagine", but Simon Cowell, Cole, and Louis Walsh all voted to send Lloyd through to the quarter-final with only Dannii Minogue voting to send Richardson through to the quarter-final. However voting statistics showed that Richardson received more votes than Lloyd meaning if Walsh sent the vote to deadlock, Richardson would've been sent through to the quarter-final and Lloyd would've been eliminated. In the quarter-final, Cher performed "Girlfriend", followed by "Walk This Way". Both performances were credited by the judges and she was saved by the public vote the following night, securing her a place in the semi final.[29] In the semi-final, Lloyd performed "Nothin' on You" and "Love the Way You Lie" and was in the final showdown with Mary Byrne. She was saved again when Minogue, Cole and Cowell voted to send Lloyd through to the final, with only Walsh voting to send Byrne through to the final. However once again, voting statistics revealed that Lloyd received the fewest public votes meaning if there wasn't a Final Showdown or if Cowell sent the result to deadlock, Byrne would've been sent through to the final and Lloyd would've been eliminated.[56] In the final, she performed a mash-up of "The Clapping Song" and "Get Ur Freak On", followed by a duet with will.i.am, which was a mashup of "Where Is the Love?" and "I Gotta Feeling". Lloyd was then eliminated in fourth place, having received the fewest public votes.[57]

text: After the final, it was announced that Lloyd had been signed by Syco Music.[45] Her debut album was released 7 November 2011.[58] She has worked with songwriter Autumn Rowe and producer RedOne.[59][60] Her debut single, "Swagger Jagger", received its first airplay on 20 June. The single was leaked onto the internet on 15 June[61] but this version was later confirmed as only the demo of the track on Lloyd's Twitter account.[62] Lloyd performed at T4 on the Beach in 2011.[63]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"Turn My Swag On" - Soulja Boy
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"If I Were a Boy" - Beyoncé
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Viva la Vida" - Coldplay
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Cooler than Me" - Mike Posner
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Just Be Good to Me" - The S.O.S. Band
Number-one singles
Safe (3rd)

Live show 2
"It's the Hard Knock Life"/ "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)" - Jay Z
Heroes
Safe (6th)

Live show 3
"No Diggity"/ "Shout" - Blackstreet feat. Dr. Dre & Queen Pen/ Tears for Fears
Guilty pleasures
Safe (4th)

Live show 4
"Stay" - Shakespears Sister
Halloween
Safe (2nd)

Live show 5
"Empire State of Mind (Part II)"/ "Empire State of Mind - Alicia Keys/ Jay-Z feat. Alicia Keys
American anthems
Safe (5th)

Live show 6
"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word"/ "Mockingbird" - Elton John/ Eminem
Elton John
Safe (5th)

Live show 7
"Imagine" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Bottom two (8th)

"Stay" - Shakespears Sister
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Live show 8
"Girlfriend" - Avril Lavigne
Rock
Safe (3rd)

"Walk This Way" - Aerosmith

Semi-final
"Nothin' on You" - B.o.B feat. Bruno Mars
Club classics
Bottom two (5th)

"Love the Way You Lie (Part II)"/ "Love the Way You Lie" - Rihanna feat. Eminem
Song to get you to the final

"Everytime" - Britney Spears
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Final (Part 1)
"The Clapping Song"/ "Get Ur Freak On" - The Belle Stars/ Missy Elliott
No theme
Eliminated (Fourth place)

"Where Is the Love?"/ "I Gotta Feeling" - (with will.i.am)
Celebrity duet

text: Katie Waissel[edit]

text: Katie Waissel, (born 27 January 1986), is a recording artist from Harefield, Middlesex.[64] She is a former receptionist, waitress and once worked at OK! magazine.[65] She has previously performed under the name Katie Vogel on the series Green Eyed World[66] and had a recording contract under the name Lola Fontaine.[67][68] Waissel has been on tour with East 17 and Andy Abraham[69] and has performed in Hollywood for Paris Hilton, together with friend and fellow contestant Storm Lee.[70]

text: At her audition, she sang Queen's "We Are the Champions", but forgot some of the words.[68] She then sang "At Last" by Etta James, and was put through to bootcamp by Cole and Cowell. At bootcamp, she sang "Make You Feel My Love" and reacted with shock when she was the first girl put through to the judges' houses.[16] She fell to pieces when performing the song "Smile" in front of Cole and will.i.am at the judges' houses stage[68] and had to stop to compose herself after crying, stating that "it's an emotional song for me".[71] Despite stumbling through her song for the second time, Cole picked her as one of her final three girls. This was a very controversial decision as many viewers did not feel that Waissel deserved her place in the live shows over girls who did not forget their words or break down during their performance.

text: In week 1 of the live shows, she sang "We Are the Champions". She was put in the bottom three as a result of the public vote, but because Nicolo Festa polled the fewest votes, Waissel had to sing in the final showdown with F.Y.D., the other bottom three acts from week 1. She sang "Don't Let Me Down" in the final showdown and was saved from elimination by the judges by a majority vote, with only Cowell (F.Y.D.'s mentor) voting against her. In the second week of the live shows, Katie sang "I'd Rather Go Blind". She managed to avoid the bottom three this week and secured a place to the third week, where she sang "I Wan'na Be Like You". In the fourth week, she sang "Bewitched" and was in the final showdown with Belle Amie. Waissel was saved after the result went to deadlock and Belle Amie were eliminated.[72] She was in the final showdown again the next week after performing "Don't Speak", but was saved by a majority vote over Treyc Cohen when Cole refused to vote for either of her acts, while Cowell and Walsh voted to eliminate Cohen.[38]

text: Waissel was in the final showdown for a third successive week when she sang "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting", and this had been the fourth time Waissel had been in the final showdown. The result once again went to deadlock but was saved when Aiden Grimshaw received fewer votes and was eliminated.[25] This was the first time in the show's history that a contestant was put into the final showdown four times and survived. In week 8, she performed "Sex on Fire" and "Everybody Hurts". In the series' third double elimination, Waissel received the fewest number of votes and was automatically eliminated.[73]

text: In March 2011, Waissel released her self-titled debut album, which she stated was recorded before X Factor. In June 2011, Waissel announced she was currently working on her debut album, and promised it would be a "dirty, sexy, rock 'n' roll" album.[74] In July, she revealed her new band, called "Red Velvet Lovers", who, according to Waissel are a "proper band".[75] In 2016, she joined Celebrity Big Brother 18, where she was later evicted 3 days before the final with Samantha Fox, and finished in eighth place.

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"We Are the Champions" - Queen
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"If I Were a Boy" - Beyoncé
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Make You Feel My Love" - Adele
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Smile" - Charlie Chaplin
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"We Are the Champions" - Queen
Number-one singles
Bottom three (15th)

"Don't Let Me Down" - The Beatles & Billy Preston
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Live show 2
"I'd Rather Go Blind" - Etta James
Heroes
Safe (8th)

Live show 3
"I Wan'na Be like You (The Monkey Song)" - Louis Prima
Guilty pleasures
Safe (8th)

Live show 4
"Bewitched" - Peggy Lee
Halloween
Bottom two (10th)

"Trust in Me" - Etta James
Sing-Off
Safe (Deadlock)

Live show 5
"Don't Speak" - No Doubt
American anthems
Bottom two (10th)

"Don't Give Up on Me" - Solomon Burke
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Live show 6
"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting - Elton John
Elton John
Bottom two (8th)

"Save Me from Myself - Christina Aguilera
Sing-Off
Safe (Deadlock)

Live show 7
"Help!" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Safe (3rd)

Live show 8
"Sex on Fire" - Kings of Leon
Rock
Eliminated (Seventh place)

"Everybody Hurts" - R.E.M.

text: Over 28s[edit]

text: The Over 28s category was mentored by Louis Walsh. Contestants in this category are of either sex, aged 29 or over. There is no upper age limit. The eight candidates were John Adeleye, Mary Byrne, Wagner, Stephen Hunter, Justin Vanderhyde, Storm Lee, Yuli Minguel, and Elesha Moses. Walsh chose:

text: John Adeleye[edit]

text: John Adeleye, 30–31, is a care worker and award-winning songwriter from Harlesden, London[76] and had an artistic career under the stage name J'Nay. He was a founding member of the band Nu-park, with fellow musician Shad. The band was further expanded to become a 5-piece band by including Mylz (Tyga), Raheem and Anton Gordon.[77] and a solo artist after the break-up of the group. In 2008, J'Nay released his EP Merry Go Round containing 5 tracks.[77]

text: Adeleye was working as an activity co-ordinator at Forrester Court care home in Westminster helping people with early onset dementia for two years,[76] where he says he was inspired to enter The X Factor by the residents and his distinctive singing means they always remember him. He said one resident said to him, "'When you sing, I feel a lot better'. That's when I decided to enter."[78] Adeleye, under the name J'Nay, won the MOBO Unsung Award at the 2003 MOBO Awards.[79] He has appeared on GMTV[80] and Newsround,[81] was signed by record company Universal-Island, and has toured with Jamelia.[82] At his first audition, he sang "You Are So Beautiful",[82] at the judges' house stage, he sang "Billionaire".[24] In week 1 of the live shows, Adeleye sang "One Sweet Day" and in week 2, "A Song for You". After performing "Zoom" in week 3, he was voted in final showdown by the public and was up against Treyc Cohen. In the final showdown, he sang "Because of You", but was eliminated when Dannii Minogue, Cheryl Cole and Simon Cowell voted to save Cohen while his mentor Louis Walsh voted to save him. However, at the end of the series, it was revealed that Adeleye had received more votes than Cohen, meaning if Cowell sent the vote to deadlock, Cohen would've been eliminated. On 17 July 2011, Adeleye released a single called "Coming Home" under the name "Jnay (John Adeleye)"; it was a charity single that he released independently.

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"You Are So Beautiful" - Joe Cocker
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"Paparazzi" - Lady Gaga
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"What's Going On" - Marvin Gaye
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Billionaire" - Travie McCoy feat. Bruno Mars
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"One Sweet Day" - Mariah Carey feat. Boyz II Men
Number-one singles
Safe (9th)

Live show 2
"A Song for You" - Donny Hathaway
Heroes
Safe (7th)

Live show 3
"Zoom" - Fat Larry's Band
Guilty pleasures
Bottom two (11th)

"Because of You" - Kelly Clarkson
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Twelfth place)

text: Mary Byrne[edit]

text: Mary Byrne (born 3 November 1959) is a supermarket worker from Ballyfermot, Dublin, Ireland.[83] She says she wanted to be a singer all her life but never had the confidence until now. She is a single mother to her (then 23-year-old) daughter Deborah.[84][85] She has performed with her brother Tommy under the name The Tommy Lee Experience.[86] In 2008, she won the Irish television singing contest Nollaig No. 1 using the name Mary Lee, releasing the single "Siúil Leat".[83][87]

text: At her first audition, she sang "I (Who Have Nothing)"[9] and at the judges' houses, she performed "Fix You",[9] though she forgot the words to the song.[88] Her employer, Tesco Ireland, started a campaign for all staff to support her.[89] Before the first live show, Byrne suffered a throat infection and the show's bosses asked her to quit smoking to avoid making the infection worse.[88] She performed "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" in the first week, "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" in week 2, and "I Who Have Nothing" in week 3 –  the song she had sung in her audition. In the quarter-final, she performed "All I Want Is You" and "Brass in Pocket" and was in the bottom three with Katie Waissel and Wagner. After Waissel received the fewest public votes and was eliminated, Byrne was in the Final Showdown with Wagner. She was sent through to the semi-final by judges, Louis Walsh, Dannii Minogue and Cheryl Cole. This meant Simon Cowell didn't have to vote but confirmed that he would've also sent Byrne through to the semi-final.[73] In the semi-final, she performed "Never Can Say Goodbye" and "The Way We Were" and was in the bottom two with Cher Lloyd. She sang "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" as her sing-off song but was eliminated with only her mentor, Walsh voting to send Byrne through to the final, finishing in fifth place. However Byrne had received more votes than Lloyd meaning if there wasn't a final showdown or if Minogue and/or Cowell voted to send Byrne through to the final or if the result went to deadlock, Byrne would've been sent through to the final and Lloyd would've been eliminated.[56]

text: Byrne's debut album, Mine & Yours, was released on 28 March 2011.[90] The album charted at number-one on the Irish Album Charts[91] The album also charted at no.6 in the UK Album Chart[92]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"I (Who Have Nothing)" - Shirley Bassey
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"Paparazzi" - Lady Gaga
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" - Roberta Flack
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Fix You" - Coldplay
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" - James Brown
Number-one singles
Safe (1st)

Live show 2
"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me" - Dusty Springfield
Heroes
Safe (2nd)

Live show 3
"I (Who Have Nothing)" - Shirley Bassey
Guilty pleasures
Safe (2nd)

Live show 4
"Could It Be Magic" - Barry Manilow
Halloween
Safe (3rd)

Live show 5
"There You'll Be" - Faith Hill
American anthems
Safe (4th)

Live show 6
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" - Elton John
Elton John
Safe (4th)

Live show 7
"Something" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Safe (5th)

Live show 8
"All I Want Is You" - U2
Rock
Bottom three (5th)

"Brass in Pocket" - The Pretenders

"This Is My Time" - Shirley Bassey
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Semi-final
"Never Can Say Goodbye" - The Jackson 5
Club classics
Bottom two (4th)

"The Way We Were" - Barbra Streisand
Song to get you to the final

"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" - James Brown
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Fifth place)

text: Storm Lee[edit]

text: Storm Lee Gardner (born 1973) is a singer songwriter born in Edinburgh,[93] who later moved to the United States when he was 17.[94] Lee's mother, Arras Robertson, left the family home when he was four years old, after her marriage with his father Robert Gardner collapsed in 1977. Lee and his mother only speak through Facebook. He has a half-sister Susan and older brother Gary.[95] He came out as gay in the Edinburgh Evening News in 2007, saying it's not a "huge part of my life, it's just part of my personality".[96] His previous jobs include make-up artist, furniture re-upholster, and a cleaner at KFC.[97] Lee has performed in Hollywood for Paris Hilton, together with friend and fellow contestant Katie Waissel[70] and at the 2009 NewNowNext Awards.[98] Lee appeared on US show The Singing Bee as part of the house band.[93][99] and has a credit for original music on Bridezillas.[100]

text: Lee released his own album Soulfillapopkilla in January 2007.[99][101] He collaborated with Andy Caldwell on the track, "Black Diamond Sky", on Caldwell's Obsession album[102] and with Ricky Martin on four tracks for Martin's album.[103] Lee has recorded backing vocals for many artists, including Meat Loaf, Ozzy Osbourne, and Carrie Underwood.[93][97] He can be heard on backing vocals on Meat Loaf albums Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose[104] and It's All Coming Back to Me Now,[105] Glee: The Music, Volume 3 Showstoppers,[106] and Naked Truth[107] by Sarah Hudson. Lee co-wrote a track on the album Confessional[108] by Bryan Rice and he was nominated for a Latin Grammy for the composition on the Lipstick album by Alejandra Guzmán.[99][109] He also played tenor saxophone on Utopía[110] by Belinda.

text: Lee's first audition was with "Every Breath You Take" and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For".[93] At the bootcamp, he sang "Sweet Child O'Mine"[8] and at the judges' houses stage, sang "Without You".[9] He was eliminated from the live shows on 17 October, after singing "Born to Run" and receiving the fewest public votes for week 2. He finished 14th overall. His album Soulfillapopkilla was re-released on 1 March 2011.[111]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"Every Breath You Take"/ "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" - The Police/ U2
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"Paparazzi" - Lady Gaga
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Sweet Child o' Mine - Guns N' Roses
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Without You" - Mariah Carey
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"We Built This City" - Starship
Number-one singles
Safe (13th)

Live show 2
"Born to Run" - Bruce Springsteen
Heroes
Eliminated (Fourteenth place)

text: Wagner[edit]

text: Wagner Fiuza-Carrilho (/ˈvɑːɡnə/; born 13 December 1956), the oldest of the finalists, is a Brazilian born retired PE teacher and karate enthusiast now living in Colley Gate, Cradley, West Midlands.[112] Fiuza-Carrilho previously owned a martial arts and dance gym in Cradley Heath before becoming a P.E. teacher for a year at Leasowes Community College; he has also worked for a conservatory fitting company.[113][114] He said he entered the contest to get a "new start" and to be able to provide for his son.[112] At the judges houses Fiuza-Carrilho performed "You Got The Love",[24] to which Walsh joked to his assistant judge Sharon Osbourne that "He fancies you".[115] Although he was not picked to be one the initial top 12 acts,[9] mentor Walsh chose him as his wildcard for the live finals.[1] Wagner moved out of The X Factor house after the second live show after complaining about his fellow contestants' behaviour.[116]

text: In the quarter-final, Wagner performed "Creep" and "Addicted to Love" and was in the bottom three. Katie Waissel was automatically eliminated and then Wagner and Mary Byrne performed in the final showdown. Wagner received three votes from the judges to be eliminated and left the competition.[73]

text: During his time on the show, it was revealed that Wagner was presently a UK incapacity benefit claimant, based on his frozen shoulder. After his elimination, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith commented on Sky News to Adam Boulton: "One of the people who was working on his case, I understand this, I don't know precisely, noticed [Wagner] was managing to leap in the air with his arms held above him when I am told that he had a frozen shoulder and frozen shoulders tend to mean that you can't have your arm in the air; it's impossible and therefore he was off work. I suspect he will find he will be asked to come in and explain himself as to why he was on benefits in the first place. If you don't mind me saying so, [Wagner's case] illustrates the biggest problem we have got, which is incapacity benefit has grown like mad."[117] However, it was revealed that Wagner was telling the truth and kept the DWP informed as he appeared on the show only 6 months after his second shoulder surgery – he is no longer on incapacity benefit.[citation needed]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"’O sole mio" - Luciano Pavarotti
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
"Paparazzi" - Lady Gaga
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Footprints in the Sand" - Leona Lewis
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"You've Got the Love" - Florence and the Machine
Eliminated, re-instated as wildcard

Live show 1
"She Bangs"/ "Love Shack" - Ricky Martin/ The B-52's
Number-one singles
Safe (12th)

Live show 2
"Help Yourself" - Tom Jones
Heroes
Safe (11th)

Live show 3
"Spice Up Your Life"/ "Livin' la Vida Loca" - Spice Girls/ Ricky Martin
Guilty pleasures
Safe (9th)

Live show 4
"O Fortuna"/ "Bat Out of Hell" - Rhydian Roberts/ Meat Loaf
Halloween
Safe (8th)

Live show 5
"Viva Las Vegas"/ "The Wonder of You" - Elvis Presley/ Ray Peterson
American anthems
Safe (8th)

Live show 6
"I'm Still Standing"/ "Circle of Life - Elton John
Elton John
Safe (7th)

Live show 7
"Get Back"/ "Hippy Hippy Shake"/ "Hey Jude" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Safe (6th)

Live show 8
"Creep" - Radiohead
Rock
Bottom three (6th)

"Addicted to Love" - Robert Palmer

"Unforgettable" - Nat King Cole
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Sixth place)

text: Groups[edit]

text: The Groups category was mentored by Simon Cowell. Acts in this category are duos or vocal groups. All members must be aged 16 or over. The eight candidates were Belle Amie, Diva Fever, F.Y.D., Husstle, One Direction, Princes & Rogues, The Reason (since 2011 named The Reason 4), and Twem. Cowell chose:

text: Belle Amie[edit]

text: Belle Amie are a four-member girl band made up of Rebecca Creighton,(born 19 May 1989) 21, an unemployed hairdresser from Tallaght,[118] Esther Campbell, (born 16 August 1992) 17, a student from London,[119] Geneva Lane, (born 28 November 1989) 20, a student from Guildford[119] and Sophia Wardman, (born 17 July 1987) 23, a student from Scarborough.[120] Lane has previously won 2008 Spanish singing contest The WOW Factor,[121] while Wardman was a contestant on reality TV show Shipwrecked: Battle of the Islands 2007.[122]

text: They all applied as solo candidates to the competition, but failed to qualify in the Girls category. The judges, after a suggestion by Cowell, put them together in a band, qualifying them for the Groups category. Their qualifying song, as well as their first song ever as a group, was an acoustic version of "Faith".[9] In the first week of live shows, they sang "Airplanes" by B.o.B and were safe. On the second week of live shows, they sang "You Really Got Me". As a result of the public vote, they were put in bottom three and had to sing in the final showdown on 17 October, after Storm Lee polled the least amount of votes and was eliminated. They sang "Big Girls Don't Cry" and were saved by all other three judges. Walsh, Minogue, and Cole voted to save them and eliminate Diva Fever, leaving no need for their mentor Cowell to vote. In the third week, they sang "I'll Stand by You", in which they progressed to the fourth week, where they performed "Venus". However, they ended up in the bottom two with Katie Waissel, and sang "Breakaway" in the final showdown. After the vote went to deadlock, Belle Amie had the fewest public votes and were eliminated.[123]

text: In January 2011, Genava Lane left the group to continue her musical career as a solo artist. Lane has recorded a new song, titled "Karma", which was released in 2012. The video for the single premiered in September 2011. In March 2011, Belle Amie released a snippet of their debut single, titled "Girls Up". They signed a record deal with Dodient Records, and their single "Girls Up" was released in June 2011; it failed to make the Top 200, though it peaked at 25 on the indie chart. In September 2011, they released a snippet of their new song, titled "Shine", which was slated for release in 2012. However, in April 2012, Rebecca left the group to pursue a solo career, leaving original members Sophia and Esther to form a Duo and re-record material for their debut album.

text: In July 2013, Campbell and Wardman found two members: Jessica Batist and Clarissa "Risa" White. The new formed girl group are in thoughts[when?] of maybe adding a fifth member. Dodient Records have since taken Belle Amie off the label. The girls are now looking to find a new firm that can take the newly formed Belle Amie to success. "Girls Up" was re-recorded with Batist and White's voices, and their debut album as a new group will be entitled Fresh Girl.

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
N/A
N/A
N/A

Bootcamp (Part 1)
N/A
N/A

Bootcamp (Part 2)
N/A
N/A

Judges' houses
"Faith" - George Michael
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Airplanes" - B.o.B feat. Hayley Williams
Number-one singles
Safe (11th)

Live show 2
"You Really Got Me" - The Kinks
Heroes
Bottom three (13th)

"Big Girls Don't Cry" - Fergie
Sing-Off
Safe (Majority vote)

Live show 3
"I'll Stand by You" - Girls Aloud
Guilty pleasures
Safe (10th)

Live show 4
"Venus" - Bananarama
Halloween
Bottom two (11th)

"Breakaway" - Kelly Clarkson
Sing-Off
Eliminated (Eleventh place)

text: Diva Fever[edit]

text: Diva Fever is a duo consisting of Craig Saggers, 21, and Josef Al-Smadi, 26.[124] Saggers, from Longthorpe, Peterborough,[124] is studying English Language and has recently completed his second year.[125] Al-Smadi, from Wigston, Leicestershire[125] is studying English through the Open University while working for British Gas in Leicester.[125] Saggers has previously performed in his home town of Peterborough at Fireworks and Christmas Lights events[124] and won an X Factor style contest called the Top Notch Factor.[126] Josef was in a Leicester four piece boy band called "Horizon". They initially auditioned with "Let It Be" until Simon asked them to change it after expecting them to be "more interesting".[127] Saggers said "I’m singing for my life, because I ain't having a 'no'." and they then performed "Proud Mary" and received three yeses.[127] At bootcamp, they decided to apply facepaint to stand out and sang "Bad Romance".[16] At the judges' house, they performed "Love Machine"[8] but weren't picked to be in the initial top 12 acts.[9] However, a wildcard option was introduced for this year's show and Simon Cowell chose them as his wildcard act for the live shows.[1]

text: In week 1 of the live shows, they performed "Sunny". However, Josef was stuck down with Laryngitis and lost his voice, so Craig was forced to sing the entire song. They made it through and were safe. In week 2, they sang "Gotta Go Home" / "Barbra Streisand". In the song, they made tributes not only to Barbra Streisand, as in the original, but also to Judy Garland and to judge Louis Walsh, in addition to shouting their own name as well. As a result of the public vote, they were put in Bottom Three and had to sing in a showdown with another of Cowell's acts, girl group Belle Amie. After singing "I Will Survive", they were eliminated by the judges vote 3–0, with Walsh, Dannii Minogue, and Cheryl Cole voting to eliminating Diva Fever. Cowell, didn't have to vote after all the independent judges eliminated Diva Fever in favour of saving Belle Amie. Minogue based her vote on the performance of both bands on the final showdown, whereas Walsh said he based his vote on who he thought had the greater potential to grow in the coming weeks. Cole decided to eliminate Diva Fever without giving her reason,[128] and Diva Fever finished 13th overall. Simon Cowell apologised to the boys for letting them down and Josef retaliated by saying, "You need to make it up to us Cowell". When the voting statistics were released after the show, it revealed that Belle Amie received fewer votes than Diva Fever meaning if the judges vote went to deadlock, Belle Amie would've been eliminated.

text: Since leaving the show, the vibrant duo have performed all over the UK. They even had a couple of gigs in China. They appeared on Celebrity Juice, "Most shocking reality TV moments" alongside fellow contestant Treyc Cohen on The Alan Titchmarsh Show. Their mix of cheesy camp and live vocals make them a great live act to watch and they have been very busy gigging. On 6 December 2011, the duo were signed by Chicago Town Pizza to create a video advertisement to promote Chicago Town's X-Factor Pizza. They recorded a parody version of 'Don't Stop Believin' but changed the lyrics to sing about Chicago Town Pizza's. The duo have been in the studio recording songs and posted previews of both songs on YouTube and promise a song in the near future.[citation needed]

text: Since their appearance on season seven of the X Factor, Diva Fever have been invited back twice to perform live at Wembley alongside other memorable acts. In 2013, they returned for the live final performing mashup of memorable songs alongside Jedward, Wagner, Rylan, Kitty Brucknell, Johnny Robinson, and Two Shoes. In the 2014 final, they also returned as part of the X Factor 10 year celebration performing alongside Wagner, Chico, Stevie Ritchie, Chloe Jasmine and Katie Waissell; they performed The Black Eyed Peas' hit The Time "Dirty Bit". Diva Fever entered dressed all in silver accompanied by four dancers on dog leashes in a very S&M inspired entrance.[citation needed]

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"Let It Be"/ "Proud Mary" - The Beatles/ Ike & Tina Turner
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
Unknown
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Bad Romance" - Lady Gaga
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Love Machine" - Girls Aloud
Eliminated, re-instated as wildcards

Live show 1
"Sunny" - Bobby Hebb
Number-one singles
Safe (10th)

Live show 2
"Gotta Go Home"/ "Barbra Streisand" - Boney M./ Duck Sauce
Heroes
Bottom three (12th)

"I Will Survive" - Gloria Gaynor
Heroes
Eliminated (Thirteenth place)

text: F.Y.D[edit]

text: F.Y.D were a five-member boy band made up of Matthew Newtion,[129] 26 (a dancer and barman from London), Kalvin Lamey, 25 (a dance teacher from London), Alex Murdoch, 22 (a dance teacher from Sussex), Ryan-Lee Seager, 22 (a dance teacher from London), and Jordan Gabriel, 22 (a customer support co-ordinator from London).[119] F.Y.D stands for "Follow Your Destiny".[130] The group met while taking dance classes at Pineapple Studios.[131] The band was originally called F.Y.E, which stands for For Your Entertainment, and auditioned as such at The X Factor, but they changed it to F.Y.D upon the insistence of The X Factor management, when it was discovered another band already had the name.[130]

text: All F.Y.D members have dancing, singing and acting experience.[130] Newtion played in 2008 the role of Jimmy in a production of Ché Walker's musical The Frontline[132][133] that played at the Globe Theatre in London. In 2009, Newtion toured the United States with the musical The Harder They Come.[134] Seager has performed with Only One Direction and sang backing vocals for Paolo Nutini and Alphabeat. Murdoch was a contestant on the second series of Living TV show Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life[135] and danced and sang on occasions for JLS. Both Newtion and Lamey have performed on several occasions as backing singers for previous winners of The X Factor, Alexandra Burke and Joe McElderry.[136] Lamey has additionally worked with singer Duffy and rappers DJ Ironik and Chipmunk. In 2007, Kalvin Lamey was a contestant on BBC show Dance X but was chosen to leave in show six and didn't make the final.[137] The Sun newspaper website posted a video with Lamey performing with cross dressing cabaret artists The Globe Act at a number of events and venues.[138][139]

text: For their qualifying song in the judges' houses, they sang "Beggin'".[9] In week 1, they sang "Billionaire", adding a reference to Cowell in the lyrics.[140] As a result of the public vote, they were classified as Bottom Three and had to have a sing-off showdown with Katie Waissel, also a bottom three contestant. They sang "Don't Stop the Music". After the judges' votes, they were eliminated by a vote of 3–1 with all three judges Cole, Minogue and Walsh voting them out. Only F.Y.D's own mentor Cowell voted in their favour. They finished 15th place overall. After the series ended, voting statistics revealed that they had received more votes than Waissel meaning if Walsh sent the vote to deadlock, Waissel would've been eliminated.

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
"She Said" - Plan B
N/A
Through to bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 1)
Unknown
Through to next day of bootcamp

Bootcamp (Part 2)
"Pack Up" - Eliza Doolittle
Through to judges' houses

Judges' houses
"Beggin" - Madcon
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Billionaire" - Travie McCoy feat. Bruno Mars
Number-one singles
Bottom three (14th)

"Don't Stop the Music" - Rihanna
Heroes
Eliminated (Fifteenth place)

text: One Direction[edit]

text: One Direction was a five-piece, boy band consisting of Liam James Payne (born 29 August 1993 in Wolverhampton), a music technology student at City of Wolverhampton College;[141] Louis William Tomlinson (born 24 December 1991[142] in Doncaster), a student at Hall Cross School;[143] Niall James Horan (born 13 September 1993 in Mullingar, Westmeath, Ireland), a student at Coláiste Mhuire, Mullingar;,[144] Harry Edward Styles (born 1 February 1994 from Holmes Chapel, Cheshire), a student at Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School;..[145] and Zain Javadd "Zayn" Malik,[146][147][148] from West Lane Baildon, Bradford,[149] a student at Tong High School.[148]

text: Horan, Malik, Payne, Styles, and Tomlinson all applied as solo contestants, but failed to qualify for the Boys category. After a suggestion by guest judge Nicole Scherzinger, they were put together to form the band One Direction, thus qualifying for the Groups category.[150]

text: Payne had auditioned in 2008 to The X Factor's fifth series when he was 14 and reached judges' houses, but Cowell thought he was not ready for the competition and asked him to come back in two years.[141] This time, Cowell chose him to be part of One Direction. Harry Styles was the frontman for the band White Eskimo with lead guitarist Haydn Morris, bass guitarist Nick Clough and drummer Will Sweeny.[145] Malik was noted for becoming nervous in bootcamp, and when he was told he had to dance, he decided to remain backstage, effectively running the risk of elimination. Cowell noticed Malik missing from the dance routine and went backstage and convinced him to return.[8]

text: For their qualifying song, and their first as a group, at judges' houses, One Direction sang an acoustic version of "Torn".[9] In week 1 of the live shows, they performed "Viva la Vida" and were safe for the week. Week 2 was "Musical Heroes" and One Direction sang "My Life Would Suck Without You", which received positive comments from the judges; Minogue called them "five heartthrobs"[151] and praised their performance, Cole called them "cute",[citation needed] and Cowell said "You are the most exciting pop band in the country right now."[152] They sang "Nobody Knows" in week 3 and "Total Eclipse of the Heart" in week 4. In week 4, girl band Belle Amie were eliminated, leaving One Direction as Cowell's last remaining act. They sang "Kids in America" in week 5, "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" in week 6, and "All You Need Is Love" in week 7. They were safe each week, never once being in the bottom two. For weeks 8 and 9, they performed "Summer of 69" and "You Are So Beautiful" in week 8 and "Only Girl (in the World)" and "Chasing Cars" in week 9. They were safe both times, making it to the final live show, being the first ever manufactured group to do so. In week 10, they performed "Your Song". After performing "Torn" in the final, One Direction finished in third place behind runner-up Rebecca Ferguson and winner Matt Cardle.

text:
[show]The X Factor performances and results

Show
Song choice
Theme
Result

Audition
N/A
N/A
N/A

Bootcamp (Part 1)
N/A
N/A

Bootcamp (Part 2)
N/A
N/A

Judges' houses
"Torn" - Natalie Imbruglia
Through to live shows

Live show 1
"Viva la Vida" - Coldplay
Number-one singles
Safe (4th)

Live show 2
"My Life Would Suck Without You" - Kelly Clarkson
Heroes
Safe (3rd)

Live show 3
"Nobody Knows" - Pink
Guilty pleasures
Safe (3rd)

Live show 4
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" - Bonnie Tyler
Halloween
Safe (4th)

Live show 5
"Kids in America" - Kim Wilde
American anthems
Safe (3rd)

Live show 6
"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" - Elton John
Elton John
Safe (3rd)

Live show 7
"All You Need Is Love" - The Beatles
The Beatles
Safe (4th)

Live show 8
"Summer of '69" - Bryan Adams
Rock
Safe (4th)

"You Are So Beautiful" - Joe Cocker

Semi-final
"Only Girl (In the World)" - Rihanna
Club classics
Safe (3rd)

"Chasing Cars" - Snow Patrol
Song to get you to the final

Final (Part 1)
"Your Song" - Elton John
No theme
Safe (3rd)

"She's the One" - (with Robbie Williams)
Celebrity duet

Final (Part 2)
"Torn" - Natalie Imbruglia
No theme
Eliminated (Third place)


document_title: Guerrilla Girls

question_text: to what does the title of do women have to be naked to get into the met. museum refer

question_tokens: to what does the title of do women have to be naked to get into the met . museum refer

root

text: Guerrilla Girls

text: History[edit]

text: In the spring of 1985, seven women launched the Guerrilla Girls in response to the Museum of Modern Art's exhibition "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture" [1984), whose roster of 165 artists included only 13 women.[3] Inaugurating MoMA's newly renovated and expanded building, this exhibition claimed to survey that era's most important painters and sculptors from 17 countries.[4] The proportion of artists of color was even smaller, and none of them were women.

tag: p

text: A comment by the show's curator, Kynaston McShine, further highlights that era's explicit art world gender bias: "Kynaston McShine gave interviews saying that any artist who wasn't in the show should rethink his career."[5]  In reaction to the exhibition and McShine's overt bias, they protested in front of MoMA. Thus, the Guerrilla Girls were born.

text: When the protests yielded little success, the Guerrilla Girls wheat-pasted posters throughout downtown Manhattan, particularly in the SoHo and East Village neighborhoods.[6]

text: Soon after, the group expanded their focus to include racism in the art world, attracting artists of color. They also took on projects outside of New York, enabling them to address sexism and racism nationally and internationally. Though the art world has remained the group's main focus, the Guerrilla Girls' agenda has included sexism and racism in films, mass and popular culture, and politics. Tokenism also represents a major group concern.[6]

text: During its first years, the Guerrilla Girls conducted "weenie counts," such that members visited institutions like the Metropolitan Museum of Art and counted artworks' male-to-female subject ratios. Data gathered from the Met's public collections in 1989 showed that women artists had produced less than 5% of the works in the Modern Art Department, while 85% of the nudes were female.

text: Early organizing was based around meetings, during which members evaluated statistical data gathered regarding gender inequality within the New York City's art scene. The Guerrilla Girls also worked closely with artists, encouraging them to speak to those within the community to bridge the gender gap where they perceived it.[7]

text: When asked about the masks, the girls answer "We were Guerrillas before we were Gorillas. From the beginning the press wanted publicity photos. We needed a disguise. No one remembers, for sure, how we got our fur, but one story is that at an early meeting, an original girl, a bad speller, wrote 'Gorilla' instead of 'Guerrilla.' It was an enlightened mistake. It gave us our 'mask-ulinity.'"[8] In an interview with New York Times the Guerrilla Girls were quoted, "Anonymous free speech is protected by the Constitution. You'd be surprised what comes out of your mouth when you wear a mask."[9]

text: Since 1985, the Guerrilla Girls have worked for an increased awareness of sexism and greater accountability on the part of curators, art dealers, collectors and critics.[10] The group is credited, above all, with sparking dialogue, and bringing national and international attention to issues of sexism and racism within the arts.

text: Influences[edit]

text: Many feminist artists in the 1970s dared to imagine that female artists could produce authentically and radically different art, undoing the prevailing visual paradigm. The pioneering feminist critic, Lucy Lippard curated an all-women exhibition in 1974, effectively protesting what most deemed a deeply flawed approach, that of merely assimilating women into the prevailing art system.[11] Shaped by the 1970s women's movement, the Guerrilla Girls resolved to devise new strategies. Most noticeably, they realized that 1970s-era tools such as pickets and marches proved ineffective, as evidenced by how easily MoMA could ignore 200 protestors from the Women's Caucus for Art. "We had to have a new image and a new kind of language to appeal to a younger generation of women," recalls one of the founding Guerrilla Girls, who goes by "Liubov Popova."[12] The Guerrilla Girls sought an alternative approach, one that would defeat views of the 1970s Feminist movements as man-hating, anti-maternal, strident, and humorless:[11] Versed in poststructuralist theories, they adopted 1970s initiatives, but with a different language and style. Earlier feminists tackled grim and unfunny issues such as sexual violence, inspiring the Guerrilla Girls to keep their spirits intact by approaching their work with wit and laughter, thus preventing a backlash.[11]

text: Work: actions, posters and billboards[edit]

text: Art world[edit]

text:
Throughout their existence, the Guerrilla Girls have gained the most attention for their bold protest art.[13]
The Guerrilla Girls' projects (mostly posters at first) express observations, concerns, and ideals regarding numerous social topics. Their art has always been fact-driven, and informed by the group's unique approach to data collection, such as "weenie counts." To be more inclusive and to make their posters more eye-catching, the Guerrilla Girls tend to pair facts with humorous images.[14] Although the Guerrilla Girls gained fame for wheat-pasting provocative campaign posters around New York City, the group has also enjoyed public commissions and indoor exhibitions.

text: In addition to posting posters around downtown Manhattan, they passed out thousands of small handbills based on their designs at various events.[7] The first posters were mainly black and white fact-sheets, highlighting inequalities between male and female artists with regard to number of exhibitions, gallery representation and pay. Their posters revealed how sexist the art world was in comparison to other industries and to national averages. For example, in 1985 they printed a poster showing that the salary gap in the art world between men and women was starker than the United States average, proclaiming "Women in America earn only 2/3 of what men do. Women artists earn only 1/3 of what men do." These early posters often targeted specific galleries and artists. Another 1985 poster listed the names of some of the most famous working artists, such as Bruce Nauman and Richard Serra. The poster asked "What do these artists have in common?" with the answer "They allow their work to be shown in galleries that show no more than 10% of women or none at all."

text: The group were also activists for equal representation of women in institutional art, and highlighted artist Louise Bourgeois in their "Advantages to Being a Women artist," poster in 1988 as one line read, "Knowing your career might not pick up till after you're 80."[15] Their pieces are also notable for their use of combative statements such as "When racism and sexism are no longer fashionable, what will your art collection be worth?"[6]

text:
Dearest Art Collector (1986)
Dearest Art Collector is a 560x430 mm screen-print on paper. This is one of thirty posters published in a portfolio entitled Guerrilla Girls Talk Back. This print is unusual in the portfolio in that it takes the form of an enlarged handwritten letter on baby pink paper. The extremely rounded cursive script crowned with a frowning flower exudes femininity, symbolizing the biting sarcasm for which the Guerrilla Girls were known for. The Guerrilla Girls sent this poster to well- known art collectors across the United States, pointing out how few works they owned by women artists. This send up of femininity is aimed at the expectation that, even when presenting a serious complaint, women should do so in a socially acceptable 'nice' way. "We know that you feel terrible about this" appeals to the feelings of the recipient. This piece was a commentary on how hard it is for female artists, and what lengths they must go through in order to be recognized and taken seriously. Women are constantly expected to perform a certain way and this print is the embodiment of how tumultuous it is for women all around the world to be recognized in the eyes of men with power.  The group later transcribed it into other languages and sent it to collectors outside the U.S. A practical joke with serious implications, this poster is now (somewhat ironically) a collector's item.

text: The posters were rude; they named names and they printed statistics (and almost always cited the source of those statistics at the bottom, making them difficult to dismiss). They embarrassed people. In other words, they worked.[16]

text: The Guerrilla Girls' first color poster, which remains the group's most iconic image, is the 1989 Metropolitan Museum poster, which used data from the group's first "weenie count." In response to the overwhelming amount of female nudes counted in the Modern Art sections, the poster asks, sarcastically, "Do women have to be naked to get into the Met. Museum?". Next to the text is an image of the Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres painting La Grande Odalisque, one of the most famous female nudes in Western art history, with a gorilla head placed over the original face.

text: In 1990, the group designed a billboard featuring the Mona Lisa that was placed along the West Side Highway supported by the New York City public art fund. For one day, New York's MTA Bus Company also displayed bus advertisements with Met. Museum poster. Stickers also became popular calling cards representative of the group.

text:
The Guerrilla Girls infiltrated the bathrooms of the newly opened Guggenheim Soho, placing stickers regarding female inequality on the walls.[7]
In 1998, Guerrilla Girls West protested at the San Jose Museum of Art, over low representation of women artists.[17]

text: In addition to researching and exposing sexism in the art world, the Guerrilla Girls have received commissions from numerous organizations and institutions, such as The Nation (2001),[18] Fundación Bilbao Arte (2002), Istanbul Modern (2006) and Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art (2007). They have also partnered with Amnesty International, contributing pieces to a show under the organization's "Protect the Human" initiative.[19]

text: Public commissions[edit]

text: In 2005, the group exhibited large-format posters Welcome to the Feminist Biennale at the Venice Biennale (the first in 110 years to be overseen by women), scrutinizing 101 years of Biennale history in terms of diversity. Where Are the Women Artists of Venice? explored the fact that most works owned by Venice's historical museums are kept in storage.[20][21][22]

text: Since 2005, the Guerrilla Girls have been invited to produce special projects for international institutions, sometimes for the very institutions they have criticized. Offers that pose a dilemma are carefully considered, so as to avoid censure, since one way to improve institutions is to criticize them from inside.[23]

text:
Their 2006 poster The Future For Turkish Women Artists as Revealed by the Guerrilla Girls, commissioned by Istanbul Modern, demonstrated that the status of women artists in Turkey was better than in Europe.[24]  In 2007, the Washington Post published their Horror on the National Mall!, a one-page newspaper spread attacking the absence of diversity among tax-payer supported museums on the Mall in Washington, DC.[25] During the 2007 ART-ATHINA, the Guerrilla Girls projected "Dear Art Collector" in Greek onto the entrance's façade. In 2015, they projected their "Dear Art Collector" animation onto a museum façade, taking on collectors who fail to pay employees a living wage.[26]
To commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the École Polytechnique massacre, the University of Quebec commissioned their Troubler Le Repos (Disturbing The Peace) poster, whose texts addressed anti-women hate-speech since Ancient Greece to Rush Limbaugh.

text: In 2009, they launched I'm not a feminist, but If I were this is what I'd complain about ... , an interactive graffiti wall that enables women who don't see themselves as feminists the means to target gender issues with the hope that active participation will broaden their perspectives.[27] In 2012, this traveled to Krakòw's Art Boom Festival.[28]

text: In 2012, an advertising truck towed Do women Have To Be Naked To Get Into Boston Museums? around Boston.[29] Invited by Yoko Ono to participate in the 2013 Meltdown Festival, the Guerrilla Girls updated their 2003 Estrogen Bomb poster, which had premiered in The Village Voice in 2003.

text:
During Winter 2016, they participated in "Twin City Takeover," art exhibitions and art projects organized by a consortium of local art organizations sited around Minneapolis and St. Paul.[30][31]
[32]
[33][34]

text: Film world[edit]

text:
To protest the dearth of female directors, the Guerrilla Girls distributed stickers during the 2001 Sundance Film Festival.[35] The Nation invited them to
present Birth of Feminism,[18] which they updated and presented in 2007 as a banner outside Witte de With Center for Contemporary Arts. Since 2002, Guerrilla Girls Inc. have designed and installed billboards during the Oscars that address white male dominance in the film industry, such as: "Anatomically Correct Oscars," "Even the Senate is More Progressive than Hollywood," "The Birth of Feminism,"[36] "Unchain the Women Directors."[37]

text:
During the 2015 Reykjavik Arts Festival, the Guerrilla Girls displayed National Film Quiz, a billboard criticizing the fact that 87% of national funding for films goes to men, despite women playing an important part of Iceland's public and private sectors.[38]
In light of 2016's #Oscarssowhite campaign, the Guerrilla Girls updated the above billboards, presenting them on downtown Minneapolis streets for "Twin City Takeover."[39]

text: Politics and social issues[edit]

text:
Although the Guerrilla Girls' protest art directed at the art world remains their most well-known work, throughout their existence the group has periodically targeted politicians, specifically conservative Republicans. Those criticized have included George Bush, Newt Gingrich, and most recently Michele Bachmann. In 1991, the Artist and Homeless Collaborative invited them to work with homeless women to create posters in response to homelessness and the first Gulf War.
Between 1992 and 1994, Guerrilla Girl posters addressed the 1992 Presidential election, reproductive rights (done for march on Washington in 1992), gay and lesbian rights, and the LA riots.  During the 2012 election, they displayed their Even Michele Bachman believes. ...    on a billboard adjacent a football stadium to advertise her plan to: ban same-sex marriages, require Voter Id Checks, and spend money implementing statewide voter IDs.[40] Their 2013 posters discussed the Homeland Terror Alert system and Arnold Schwarzenegger's gubernatorial campaign.

text: In 2016, the Guerrilla Girls launched the "President Trump Announces New Commemorative Months" campaign in the form of stickers and posters, which they distributed during the "Women's March on Washington" in LA and NYC, as well as the J20 event at the Whitney Museum of Art[41] and the Fire Fink protest at MoMA.[42]

text: Work: publications and merchandise[edit]

text: To shed light on inequality in the art world, the Guerrilla Girls have published numerous books. In 1995, they published their first book, Confessions of the Guerrilla Girls, a compilation of 50 works plus a self-interview.[43][44] In 1998, they published The Guerrilla Girls Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art, a consciousness-raising comic book that sold 82,000 copies, as it explores how art history's male domination constrained several female artists' careers.[45] In 2003, they published Bitches, Bimbos and Ballbreakers, a down and dirty catalogue of "The Top Stereotypes from Cradle to Grave." Offering thumbnail histories for cultural clichés ranging from "Daddy's Girl," "the Girl Next Door," "the Bimbo/Dumb Blonde" to "the Bitch /Ballbreaker", each is given "trademark Guerrilla Girl treatment: pointed factoids and cool graphics."[46][47]

text: Their 2004 book The Guerrilla Girl's Museum Activity Book (reissued in 2012) parodies children's museum activity books. Meant to teach children how to both appreciate and critique museums, this book provides activities that reveal the problematic aspects of museum culture and major museum collections. In 2009, they published a history of hysteria, The Hysterical Herstory Of Hysteria And How It Was Cured From Ancient Times Until Now.[48] MFC-Michèle Didier reprinted it in 2011 and 2016.

text: Presentations[edit]

text: An important part of Guerrilla Girls' outreach since 1985 has been presentations and workshops at colleges, universities, art organizations and sometimes at museums. The presentations, known as "gigs", attract hundreds and sometimes thousands of attendees. In the gig, they play music, videos, show slides and talk about the history of their work, how it has evolved. At the end the GGs interact with audience members. New work is always included and gig material changes all the time. They have done hundreds of these events and have travelled to nearly every state as well as Europe, South America and Australia.

text:
In recognition of their work, the Guerrilla Girls have been invited to give talks at world-renowned museums, including a presentation at the MoMA's 2007 "Feminist Futures" Symposium. They have also been invited to speak at art schools and universities across the globe, and gave a 2010 commencement speech at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
To mark the 30th anniversary of the Guerrilla Girls, Matadero Madrid hosted "Guerrilla Girls: 1985-2015," an exhibition featuring most of the collective's production accompanied by a series of events including a talk/performance by Guerrilla Girl members Frida Kahlo and Käthe Kollwitz.[49][50] The exhibition also showed the 1992 documentary "Guerrilla in Our Midst" by Amy Harrison.[51]
[52]

text: Three Guerrilla Girls appeared on the Stephen Colbert show on January 14, 2016.[53][54]

text: Exhibitions[edit]

text: Early solo exhibitions included: "The Night the Palladium Apologized" (1985), Palladium (New York City); "Guerrilla Girls Review the Whitney" (1987), Clocktower PS1; and "Guerrilla Girls" (1995), Printed Matter, Inc[55]

text: Career surveys include:

text:
"Guerrilla Girls Talk Back: The First Five Years, A Retrospective: 1985-1990" (1991), the Falkirk Cultural Center, San Rafael, California
"The Guerrilla Girls" (2002), Fundacíon Bilbao Arte, Bilbao, ES
"Guerrilla Girls" (2007), Hellenic American Union Galleries, Athens, GR
"Guerilla Girls: Retrospective" (2009), Millennium Court Arts Centre, UK *"Feminist Masked Avengers: 30 Early Guerrilla Girls' Posters" (2011) Mason Gross School of the Arts Galleries
"Not Ready to Make Nice: The Guerrilla Girls in the Art World and Beyond" (2012-2016)(traveled to Monserrat College of Art, Beverly, MA; Krannert Art Museum; Fairfield University; Georgia Museum of Art; De Pauw University; and Stony Brook University)
"Guerrilla Girls: 1985-2013," Azkuna Zentroa (2013).

tag: ul

text: On the heels of "Not Ready to Make Nice" were:

text:
"Guerrilla Girls: Not Ready to Make Nice, 30 Years and Still Counting," 2015, Abrons Arts Center;[56]
"Media Networks: Andy Warhol and the Guerrilla Girls," 2016, Tate Modern[57]
"Art at the Center: Guerrilla Girls'," 2016, Walker Art Center[58]
"The Guerrilla Girls and La Barbe", 2016, Gallery mfc-micheledidier, Paris.
"Front Room: Guerilla Girls," 2016-2017, Baltimore Museum of Art
"Not Ready to Make Nice: Guerilla Girls 1985-2016," 2016-2017, FRAC Lorraine.
"Guerilla Girls", 2017, The Verge Center for the Arts, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Diversity[edit]

text: Despite having routinely challenged art institutions to display more artists of color, both members and critics want the Guerrilla Girls to be more diverse. Zora Neale Hurston recalls Guerrilla Girl membership as "mostly white" and largely mirroring the art world demographics that they critiqued.[59] Despite sporting gorilla masks to downplay personal identity, some members attribute Guerilla Girl interests to the fact that de facto leaders "Frida Kahlo" and "Kathe Kollwitz" are both white.[11] ("Frida Kahlo" has also been criticized for her appropriation of a Latina artist's name.)[60] However, any precise information on the demographics of the Guerrilla Girls is impossible, for they have "staunchly, and problematically, resisted being surveyed as to the makeup of their own membership."[11]

text: Several Guerrilla Girls who are people of color have faced numerous challenges. Despite the Guerrilla Girls' stance against tokenism, some artists of color abandoned Guerrilla Girl membership due to tokenism, silencing, disrespect, and whitewashing.[11][59] As a woman of color, "Alma Thomas" describes having felt uncomfortable wearing the Guerrilla Girls' signature gorilla mask.[61] "Thomas" recalls little effort being devoted to understanding the challenges of artists of color. "Their whiteness was such that they. ...   didn't understand that blacks were being put in a completely separate world in the art world, that black male artists and black female artists are completely separated, completely segregated to this day."[59] Ultimately, this widespread antagonism led to many "artists of color [leaving] after a few meetings because they could sense the unspoken hierarchy in the group."[62]

text: Second-wave feminism and essentialism[edit]

text: Emerging at the tail end of the second-wave feminist movement, the Guerrilla Girls navigated the differences between established and emerging feminist theory during the 1980s. "Alma Thomas" describes this grey-area that the Guerrilla Girls occupied as "universalist feminism," bordering on essentialism.[61] Art Historian Anna Chave considers the Guerrilla Girls' essentialism much more profound, leading the group to be "assailed by ... a rising generation of women wise in the ways of poststructuralist theory, for [their] putative naiveté and susceptibility to essentialism."[11] Essentialist views are most clearly exhibited in two Guerrilla Girl books:The Guerrilla Girls Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art (1998) and the controversial Estrogen Bomb (2003–13) campaign. Regarding the former, "Alma Thomas" worried that The Guerrilla Girls Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art "was so embedded in that second-wave feminist and even pre-second-wave essentialism" that it fulfilled some assumption that all women artists are feminist artists.[61]

text: Students at Minneapolis College of Art and Design criticized their Estrogen Bomb poster campaign, describing it as insensitive towards transgender people since it ties the female gender to estrogen, the same sort of essentialist link the Guerilla Girls aim to critique.[63][64] Aside from essentialism, the Guerrilla Girls have also been critiqued for failing to integrate intersectionality into their work.[60]

text: Internal disputes[edit]

text: Leading up to a highly publicized 2003 lawsuit, there was increasing animosity toward "Frida Kahlo" and "Käthe Kollwitz." Despite founding members' initial intention to create a non-hierarchal, equitable power structure, there was an increasing sense that two people were making "the final decisions no matter what you said."[59] Several Guerrilla Girls felt that their second book, The Guerrilla Girls Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art, primarily represented the views of "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz". Some even felt that "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz" completely controlled the book, despite their having selected material created collectively by all Guerrilla Girls. There was even suspicion that these two not only claimed all the credit, but took all of the profits. Some members condemned the book as "undemocratic and ... against the spirit of the [Guerrilla] Girls."[61]

text: As the Guerilla Girls gained in popularity, tensions led to what the Girls later called the "banana split," as five members actually split from the collective. Soon after several members stepped aside to form Guerrilla Girls Broadband, "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz" moved to trademark the name "Guerrilla Girls, Inc." to distinguish their realm from those of Guerrilla Girls BroadBand and Guerrilla Girls On Tour!, whose focus is discrimination in the theater world.[62] Even though their former colleague "Gertrude Stein" was in the on-tour group, "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz" charged them with copyright and trademark infringement and unjust enrichment. Many members of the group felt especially betrayed that "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz" had launched their lawsuit under their real names, Jerilea Zempel and Erika Rothenberg.[65]

text: This prompted negative reactions from both current and former Guerrilla Girls, who objected to "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz" claiming responsibility for having created the collective effort, as well as the flippancy with which they exchanged their anonymity for legal standing.[11]

text: Judge Louis L. Stanton, who handled the case, rejected the "bizarre" suggestion that defendants sporting gorilla masks be allowed to testify in his courtroom. He also stated that "Mundane court procedures for adjudicating legal rights and the ownership of property require direct and cross-examination of real persons with real addresses and attributes."[65]

text: In their forty-five page complaint, "Kahlo" and "Kollwitz" described themselves as the group's "guiding forces," even though the Guerrilla Girls were "informally organized, [and] had no official hierarchy." Initially, they asked the court to stop Guerrilla Girls Broadband from calling themselves Guerrilla Girls and sought millions of dollars in damages. In 2006, they settled with the theatre group who agreed to go by Guerrilla Girls on Tour.

text: Selling-out[edit]

text: Upon their 1985 debut, the Guerrilla Girls were "lauded by the very establishment they sought to undermine." They have since exhibited at Tate Modern, Venice Biennale, Centre Pompidou, MoMA, which additionally grants them a broader audience for their concerns.[66] Since then, this relationship has only intensified, as the Guerrilla Girls presented their exhibitions in museums and even allowed their works to be collected by hegemonic institutions. Although some have questioned the efficacy, if not hypocrisy, of the group's working within the system that they originally denigrated, few would challenge their decision to let the Getty Institute house their archives.[60][66]

text: Members and names[edit]

text: Membership in the New York City group is by invitation only, based on relationships with current and past members, and one's involvement in the contemporary art world. A mentoring program was formed within the group, pairing a new member with an experienced Guerrilla Girl to bring them into the fold. Due to the lack of formality, the group is comfortable with individuals outside of their base claiming to be Guerrilla Girls; Guerrilla Girl 1 stated in a 2007 interview: "It can only enhance us by having people of power who have been given credit for being a Girl, even if they were never a Girl." Men are not allowed to become Guerrilla Girls, but may support the group by assisting in promotional activities.[7]

text: Guerrilla Girls names are pseudonyms generally based on dead female artists. Members goes by names such as Kathe Kollwitz, Alma Thomas, Rosalba Carriera, Frida Kahlo, Alice Neel, Julia de Burgos, and Hannah Höch. Guerrilla Girls' "Carriera" is credited with the idea of using pseudonyms as a way to not forget female artists. Having read about Rosalba Carriera in a footnote of Letters on Cézanne by Rainer Maria Rilke, she decided to pay tribute to the little-known female artist with her name. This also helped to solve the problem of media interviews; the group was often interviewed by phone and would not give names, causing problems and confusion amongst the group and the media. Guerrilla Girl 1 joined in the late 1980s, taking on her name as a way to memorialize women in the art community who have fallen under the radar and did not make as notable as an impact as the names takes on by other members.[7]

text: Gorilla symbolism[edit]

text: The idea to adopt the gorilla as the group's symbol stemmed from a spelling error. One of the first Guerrilla Girls accidentally spelled the group's name at a meeting as "gorilla."[10] Despite the fact that the idea of using a gorilla as group symbol might have been accidental, the choice is nevertheless pertinent to the group's overall message in several key ways.

text: To begin with, the gorilla in popular culture and media is often associated with King Kong, or other images of trapped and tamed apes. In the 2010 SAIC Commencement, the comparison between institutionalized artists and tamed apes was explicitly made:

text: And last, but not least, be a great ape. In 1917, Franz Kafka wrote a short story titled A Report to An Academy, in which an ape spoke about what it was like to be taken into captivity by a bunch of educated, intellectual types. The published story ends with the ape tamed and broken by the stultified academics. But in an earlier draft, Kafka tells a different story. The ape ends his report by instructing other apes NOT to allow themselves to be tamed. He says instead: break the bars of your cages, bite a hole through them, squeeze through an opening ... and ask yourself where do YOU want to go[67]

text: The gorilla is also typically associated with masculinity. The Met. Museum poster is in part shocking because of its juxtaposition of the eroticized female odalisque body, and the large, snarling gorilla head. The addition of the head detracts from the male gaze and changes the way in which viewers are able to look at or understand the highly sexualized image. Further, the addition of the gorilla questions and modifies stereotypical notions of female beauty within Western art and popular culture, another stated goal of the Guerrilla Girls.

text: Guerrilla Girls, who wear the masks of big, hairy, powerful jungle creatures whose beauty is hardly conventional ... believe all animals, large and small, are beautiful in their own way.[68]

text: Though this goal has never been explicitly stated by the group, in the history of Western art, primates have often been associated with the visual arts, and with the figure of the artist. The idea of ars simia naturae ("art the ape of nature") maintains that the job of art is to "ape", or faithfully copy and represent nature. This was an idea first popularized by Renaissance thinker Giovanni Boccaccio who alleged that "the artist in imitating nature only follows Nature's own command."[69]

text: Notable collections[edit]

text:
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois[70]
Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York[6]
Tate, United Kingdom[71]
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota[72]
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York[73]

text: Notable exhibitions[edit]

text:
The Night the Palladium Apologized, 1985, Palladium, New York, New York
Guerrilla Girls Review the Whitney, 1987, The Clocktower, New York, New York[7]
Guerrilla Girls Printed Matter, 1995, 77 Wooster Street, SoHo[55]
Guerrilla Girls: Exposición Retrospectiva, 2013, Alhóndiga Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain[52]
Media Networks: Andy Warhol and the Guerrilla Girls, (display), 2016, Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom[57]
Guerrilla Girls: Not Ready to Make Nice, 30 Years and Still Counting, Abron Arts Center, New York, New York[56]
Art at the Center: Guerrilla Girls, 2016, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota[58]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Ridykeulous, The Advantages of Being a Woman Lesbian Artist, 2007.


document_title: Just a Little Talk with Jesus

question_text: who wrote just a little talk with jesus

question_tokens: who wrote just a little talk with jesus

text: Just a Little Talk with Jesus

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
"Just a Little Talk with Jesus"Song by Elvis PresleySongwriter(s)
Cleavant Derricks

text: "Just a Little Talk with Jesus" is a gospel music song written by Cleavant Derricks and recorded by many notable artists including The Fairfield Four,[1] Elvis Presley, The Stanley Brothers, Nina Hagen and others. In 2005, Keith Lancaster arranged the song as "It's All Right."


document_title: Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977

question_text: who enforces surface mining control and reclamation act

text: Passage[edit]

text: SMCRA grew out of a concern about the environmental effects of strip mining.  Coal had been mined in the United States since the 1740s, but surface mining did not become widespread until the 1930s.  At the end of that decade, states began to enact the first laws regulating the coal mining industry: West Virginia in 1939, Indiana in 1941, Illinois in 1943, and Pennsylvania in 1945.  Despite those laws, the great demand for coal during World War II led to coal being mined with little regard for environmental consequences.  After the war, states continued to enact and expand regulatory programs, some of which required mining permits or the posting of bonds to ensure that the land could be reclaimed after mining was complete.  But these state laws were largely unsuccessful at stemming the environmental impacts of surface mining.  One problem was that the law varied from state to state, enabling mining operations to relocate to states where regulations were less strict.  Meanwhile, surface mining became increasingly common: in 1963 just 33 percent of American coal came from surface mines; by 1973 that figure reached 60 percent.

text: In 1974 and 1975 Congress sent mining regulation bills to President Gerald Ford, but he vetoed them out of concern that they would harm the coal industry, increase inflation, and restrict the energy supply.  As Jimmy Carter campaigned in Appalachia in 1976, he promised to sign those bills.  Congress sent him a bill that was even more stringent than those vetoed by Ford, and President Carter signed it into law on August 3, 1977.

text: Regulatory program[edit]

text: The regulation of active mines under SMCRA has five major components:

text:
Standards of Performance.  SMCRA and its implementing regulations set environmental standards that mines must follow while operating, and achieve when reclaiming mined land.
Permitting.  SMCRA requires that companies obtain permits before conducting surface mining.  Permit applications must describe what the premining environmental conditions and land use are, what the proposed mining and reclamation will be, how the mine will meet the SMCRA performance standards, and how the land will be used after reclamation is complete.  This information is intended to help the government determine whether to allow the mine and set requirements in the permit that will protect the environment.
Bonding.  SMCRA requires that mining companies post a bond sufficient to cover the cost of reclaiming the site. This is meant to ensure that the mining site will be reclaimed even if the company goes out of business or fails to clean up the land for some other reason.  The bond is not released until the mining site has been fully reclaimed and the government has (after five years in the East and ten years in the West) found that the reclamation was successful.
Inspection and Enforcement.  SMCRA gives government regulators the authority to inspect mining operations, and to punish companies that violate SMCRA or an equivalent state statute.  Inspectors can issue "notices of violation," which require operators to correct problems within a certain amount of time; levy fines; or order that mining cease.
Land Restrictions.  SMCRA prohibits surface mining altogether on certain lands, such as in National Parks and wilderness areas.  It also allows citizens to challenge proposed surface mining operations on the ground that they will cause too much environmental harm.

text: Reclamation program[edit]

text: SMCRA created an Abandoned Mine Land (AML) fund to pay for the cleanup of mine lands abandoned before the passage of the statute in 1977.  The law was amended in 1990 to allow funds to be spent on the reclamation of mines abandoned after 1977.  The fund is financed by a tax of 31.5 cents per ton for surface mined coal, 15 cents per ton for coal mined underground, and 10 cents per ton for lignite.  80% of AML fees are distributed to states with an approved reclamation program (see below) to fund reclamation activities. The remaining 20% are used by OSM to respond to emergencies such as landslides, land subsidence, and fires, and to carry out high priority cleanups in states without approved programs.  States with approved programs can also use AML funds to set up programs to insure homeowners against land subsidence caused by underground mining.

text: State/federal relationship[edit]

text: In Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc., 452 U.S. 264 (1981) the Supreme Court of the United States found the SMCRA does not violate the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[2]  Like most environmental statutes passed in the 1960s and 1970s, SMCRA uses a cooperative federalism approach under which states are expected to take the lead in regulation while the federal government oversees their efforts.

text: Under SMCRA, the federal government can approve a program, which gives the state the authority to regulate mining operations, if the state demonstrates that it has a law that is at least as strict as SMCRA, and that they have a regulatory agency with the wherewithal to operate the program.  Currently, most coal-mining states have approved programs.  Those states issue their own permits, inspect their mines, and take enforcement action themselves when necessary.  In the two states without approved programs (Tennessee and Washington) and on Indian Reservations, the Office of Surface Mining performs those functions.  The federal government is required to regulate surface coal mining on federal lands (which include 60 percent of the coal reserves in the West), but can enter into cooperative agreements with states with approved programs.

text: Self-bonding[edit]

text: Many states do not require large mining companies to post a surety bond for the costs of mine reclamation.[3]  Instead, these companies can hold their own assets as “self-bonding”.[4]  The bankruptcy of large coal mining companies may imperil the $3.7 billion state regulators have allowed in self-bonding.[5]  For example, shortly before it declared bankruptcy Peabody Energy held $1.47 billion in self-bonding liabilities, including $900.5 million in Wyoming alone.[6]