document_title: This Is Us (season 1)

question_text: who dies in this is us season 1

question_tokens: who dies in this is us season 1

text: This Is Us (season 1)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson[2]
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson[2]
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson[2]
Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson[3]
Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson[2]
Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson[4]
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill[2]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Niles Fitch as teenage Randall Pearson
Lonnie Chavis as young Randall Pearson[5]
Hannah Zeile as teenage Kate Pearson
Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate Pearson[5]
Logan Shroyer as teenage Kevin Pearson
Parker Bates as young Kevin Pearson[5]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas[6]
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K)
Jermel Nakia as young adult William H. "Shakespeare" Hill
Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine
Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg
Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette
Denis O'Hare as Jessie
Adam Bartley as Duke
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie

Amanda Leighton as teenage Sophie
Sophia Coto as young Sophie

Jill Johnson as Laurie
Caitlin Thompson as Madison

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Alan Thicke as himself
Katie Couric as herself
Brad Garrett as Wes Manning
Katey Sagal as Lanie Schulz
Jami Gertz as Marin Rosenthal
Seth Meyers as himself
Jimmi Simpson as Andy Fannan
Elizabeth Perkins as Janet Malone
Mario Lopez as himself
Wynn Everett as Shelly
Ron Howard as himself
Susan Blakely as Anne

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
1AZC01
10.07[7]

The intertitle references a Wikipedia-sourced statistic about how many people share the same birthdays. In 1980, Jack Pearson was celebrating his 36th birthday when his wife Rebecca went into labor with their triplets. In the present, personal assistant Kate celebrates her 36th birthday by recommitting to lose weight, and befriends Toby at a support group. Her brother Kevin, famous for starring on the sitcom The Manny, on his 36th birthday states his dissatisfaction with his role and abruptly quits in front of a live audience. Successful Black businessman Randall, on his 36th birthday, finds and confronts the father, William, who abandoned him at a fire station on the day he was born; Randall then invites William to his house. In 1980, Rebecca lost one of the triplets during birth. Kevin and Kate were the surviving pair; Randall – brought to the same hospital by a fireman – was their adopted brother.

2
2
"The Big Three"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
1AZC02
8.75[8]

Rebecca and Jack (in flashbacks) are having marital issues. In the present, Randall's wife, Beth, has suspicions about his biological father's motives. Toby and Kate start getting closer. At a party, Kevin is told he is contractually obligated to stay on his sitcom two more years. Kate and Toby dance at the party, despite people's laughter. Kevin tries to turn to Randall for advice; they are shown to have had a strained relationship since childhood. Kevin decides to leave the sitcom anyway, and do theater in New York. Rebecca is remarried to Jack's best friend, Miguel.

3
3
"Kyle"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
1AZC03
9.87[9]

In flashbacks, Randall's name was initially going to be Kyle. His biological father, William (nicknamed "Shakespeare"), met his birth mother on a bus ride where they bonded over poetry, but at some point they developed substance abuse problems. William is shown on the bus as he takes his newborn son to the fire station. Rebecca is not able to bond well with "Kyle", and Jack eventually admits he cannot either. Rebecca prevents William from seeing his son, but renames him Randall after William's favorite poet, Dudley Randall. In the present, Randall's daughters do not know who William really is. After Rebecca scolds him at Randall's home, he leaves – Randall then scolds him even harder. Kevin is serious about moving to New York and wants to bring Kate with him, and encourages her to showcase her singing abilities, about which she is uncomfortable. Toby makes grand gestures for Kate, but feels she gives precedence to Kevin. William's cancer is terminal. Kevin fires Kate out of love. Toby and Kate have sex.

4
4
"The Pool"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman & Donald Todd
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
1AZC04
9.71[10]

In flashbacks, the Pearsons go to the pool, but have setbacks: Kevin almost drowns while his parents attend to Randall and Kate; Kate is ostracized for being overweight by her classmates; and while Randall befriends other Black children, Rebecca takes it especially hard when one mother suggests some grooming tips for her Black son. In the present, while Kevin is determined to land a serious role on Broadway, even his nieces will not let him forget The Manny. William is wrongly accused of loitering in Randall's affluent neighborhood and is annoyed when Randall does not defend him. Toby runs into his ex-wife while on a date with Kate. Kevin does poorly in his audition, but Olivia, his Tony-nominated scene partner, begrudgingly tells him he got the role because of his fame from The Manny. In a flashback, Kevin is shown to have been insecure since childhood, which may have led him to acting. Kate gets a job from Toby's ex-wife, Josie, who Toby warns is not the angel she seems to be; in fact, her affairs led to his weight gain and caused him to contemplate suicide. Kevin temporarily moves in with Randall.

5
5
"The Game Plan"
George Tillman
Joe Lawson
October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
1AZC05
8.68[11]

In flashbacks, the Pittsburgh Steelers are winning Super Bowl XIV, but Jack and Rebecca are fighting about not having children. Jack punches a guy who tells him to have his wife be quiet. Kevin and Kate are conceived that night. Miguel and his wife are present at the time. Beth Pearson believes she may be pregnant again, but it turns out she is not. In the present, William reveals to Kevin he is a big fan of The Manny, and helps Kevin realize he should stop doubting himself. Kevin believes he moved to New York out of fear and uses the play to teach a life lesson to his nieces; he also has a penchant for painting like Jackson Pollock. Kate acts weird about watching a Steelers game and has to tell Toby why football games are personal for her. It is then confirmed that Jack died at some point.

6
6
"Career Days"
Craig Zisk
Bekah Brunstetter
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
1AZC06
8.48[12]

Randall trades commodities for businesses based on weather futures, a job no one seems to understand, and he tries unsuccessfully to explain that on Career Day. Flashbacks reveal that Randall has been extraordinarily intelligent since he was a child, which got him transferred to an elite private school. Kate starts a new job as a personal assistant for Marin (Jami Gertz) and has to deal with Marin's bratty overweight teenage daughter, Jemma, who is sure her mother hired Kate over the other candidates as a way to get through to her. Kate reveals she no longer talks to her mom, Rebecca. Olivia has unorthodox methods of teaching Kevin how to deal with grief. Randall decides he wants to take piano lessons, but not from William.

7
7
"The Best Washing Machine in the World"
Silas Howard
K.J. Steinberg
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
1AZC07
9.50[13]

In flashbacks, teenage Kevin and Randall are bickering harder than ever. Kevin moves out of their room and into the basement and wants Randall to stay away. Tensions surface at a football game, where the two (on opposing teams) get in a fight. In the present, Kevin and Randall go out to dinner by themselves when Rebecca and Miguel have to cancel. It appears Kevin purposely sat them at a large table with other people so that they would not have to be alone, but he abruptly leaves when he finds out Randall has never actually seen The Manny. Randall and Kevin fight on the street, but Kevin tells onlookers they are brothers. Kate is trying hard to lose weight, but with disappointing results; meanwhile, Toby is hitting his weight-loss goals without trying and wants to abandon the diet altogether. Beth and William eat marijuana brownies together and he accidentally reveals to her that he has known Rebecca since Randall was a baby. Ironically, Beth moves Kevin's stuff to the basement.

8
8
"Pilgrim Rick"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
1AZC08
9.00[14]

In the past, the Pearsons are going on a six-hour road trip to Rebecca's parents' house for Thanksgiving, but they get into a car accident and abandon the dinner completely, staying at a motel. Present-day Kate takes a break from Toby before Thanksgiving, saying she needs to get a handle on her weight and her life. Kevin invites Olivia to come celebrate Thanksgiving at Randall's house. Beth gives Rebecca an ultimatum, since she had already had 36 years to tell Randall the truth, but he finds out before Rebecca can tell him. William advises Olivia to be kinder to Kevin while she has the chance. Kevin allows Miguel to participate in a Pearson Thanksgiving tradition. After a disastrous flight, Kate announces a life-changing decision.

9
9
"The Trip"
Uta Briesewitz
Vera Herbert
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
1AZC09
10.53[15]

Randall is unbearably devastated by his mother's lies and betrayal. He, Kate, and Kevin make a trip to their family cabin; Olivia tags along with two uninvited guests: Asher, her ex-boyfriend, and Sloane, her playwright. Olivia makes a rude comment to Kate, driving a wedge between the twins. In flashbacks, child Randall thinks he can find his birth parents by the genetic trait of tongue rolling. Rebecca never tells Jack that she knows about Randall's parents. Adult Randall inadvertently ingests a hallucinogen, and has a vision of Jack at the cabin. Though "Vision Jack" is shocked Rebecca lied, he tells Randall to understand his mother's point of view. Kate still wants to be friends with Toby, but he would rather not. Kevin does not like how Olivia and Asher are behaving and kicks them out, ending his relationship with her. He later ends up sleeping with Sloane. Randall tells his mother he will not speak to her again until Christmas.

10
10
"Last Christmas"
Helen Hunt
Donald Todd
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
1AZC10
10.95[16]

When young Kate develops appendicitis on Christmas Eve, the Pearsons take her to the hospital. There, they run into Dr. K and realize he needs their support after a potentially fatal car crash. In the present, after Olivia abandons the play, Kevin convinces Sloane to take her role. He also celebrates Hanukkah with Sloane's family, and she joins him at Randall's Christmas Eve party. Kate consults a doctor with her mother about the life-changing surgery she wants to have. Randall talks his co-worker out of a suicide attempt. William is revealed to be bisexual. Toby comes to Randall's house to surprise Kate and they get back together, but he later collapses and is sent to the OR.

11
11
"The Right Thing to Do"
Timothy Busfield
Aurin Squire
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
1AZC11
10.48[17]

The cause of Toby's collapse was diagnosed as cardiac arrhythmia, not a heart attack. Jack and Rebecca (in flashbacks) look for a house to fit their growing family, but do not expect to be having triplets. Randall feels William's time spent with Jesse is taking precious moments away from their family, but is assured it is only to spare everyone eventual pain. William decides to stop his chemotherapy treatments. Kevin and Sloane are doing well—until Olivia returns. Jack (in flashbacks) asks his estranged abusive father for money and buys a house. Kate and Toby discuss marriage.

12
12
"The Big Day"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Laura Kenar
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
1AZC12
9.59[18]

The episode takes place in the lead-up to the triplets' birth. Rebecca has a mental breakdown and forgets that it is Jack's birthday. Miguel tries to encourage Jack to celebrate one more birthday before he becomes a father by taking him golfing. Dr. K struggles to accept the death of his wife, who died over a year earlier, including refusing to dispose of her belongings and declining an offer for dinner at a widow's house. Fireman Joe is struggling with his marriage and he asks a priest for a miracle. William drops Randall off as a newborn at the firehouse. Joe decides to take it first to his wife, who refuses to look after him even though they could not conceive. Joe takes the baby to the hospital and Jack decides to adopt him following the death of one of the triplets. The next day, Dr. K decides to throw away his wife's belongings and eat dinner at his friend's house.

13
13
"Three Sentences"
Chris Koch
Joe Lawson & Bekah Brunstetter
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
1AZC13
9.63[19]

When the triplets' tenth birthday is approaching, instead of keeping the family tradition of celebrating the day as one, Kevin and Kate encourage their parents to throw them separate parties. At the birthday party, Randall only has a handful of classmates show up, while Kevin and Kate have full parties. When Kate's best friend Sophie arrives, she and Kate's entire party merge into Kevin's party, leaving Kate alone and Jack trying to comfort her. In the present day, Randall is trying to bid for a project in Calgary, but is interrupted by William, who recently stopped chemotherapy treatments and is now energetic. Kate's doctor encourages her to attend a camp instead of having weight loss surgery. After Kevin breaks up with Sloane and Toby drops Kate off at the camp, the two go to a bar together. Following Toby's advice to pursue the woman he really loves, Kevin tries to reconcile with Sophie, Kate's best friend from long ago and his childhood love and ex-wife. A mysterious worker at the camp tries to talk to Kate, who is now engaged to Toby, and tries to seduce her.

14
14
"I Call Marriage"
George Tillman Jr.
Kay Oyegun
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
1AZC14
9.57[20]

The time is shown when Miguel and Shelly get divorced and, fearing their marriage will have the same fate, Jack tries to bring excitement to his and Rebecca's relationship. In the present, Kevin tries to reconcile with his ex-wife Sophie. Toby surprises Kate at the camp she is attending and is met with unkindness. Stress mounts and Randall cannot cope. Randall misses a business meeting he planned, fully knowing his daughter's chess tournament was on the same night, when Beth insists that family come first.

15
15
"Jack Pearson's Son"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
1AZC15
9.03[21]

Kate gets kicked out of fat camp and apologizes to Toby. They begin asking questions about each others' lives to strengthen their relationship, though Kate cannot yet answer when asked about how her father died. In the past, Rebecca wants to go on tour with her band but, after finding out that she once dated a member of the band, Jack tells her he does not want her to go. They have a fight and Jack has his first drink in years. Present-day Kevin is about to open his play when Randall calls him and is distressed. Kevin has a flashback to when Randall used to have nervous breakdowns over self-inflicted pressure. Kevin leaves the theater to find and comfort him.

16
16
"Memphis"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
1AZC16
9.35[22]

Randall drives William to Memphis, his hometown. Intermittently, William's relationship with his mother while growing up is shown, including when she leaves him as a young adult to take care of relatives in Pittsburgh. William is, at the time, playing in a cover band at his cousin's club. He learns his mother is sick and decides to move to Pittsburgh, where she dies. In the present day, William returns to his old home, then takes Randall to his cousin's club. Although his cousin is still angry at him for not returning to the band, he forgives him and lets him play. The next morning, William is barely conscious in his bed and transported to the hospital, where doctors tell Randall that he has hours to live. Randall calls William "Dad" for the first and last time, then uses Jack's calming technique to help ease William's fear of dying. William dies with Randall by his side.

17
17
"What Now?"
Wendey Stanzler
K.J. Steinberg & Vera Herbert
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
1AZC17
11.15[23]

In flashbacks, Rebecca leaves for her tour. Kate encourages Jack to attend Rebecca's first show; after rejecting a colleague's advances at a happy hour, he sets out driving to the show despite having been drinking. In the present, per William's wishes, Tess and Annie plan a celebration of his life, while Beth feels left out; Randall asks her to toast William and she receives a loving postcard William sent from Memphis. Rebecca admits that she kept William a secret because she feared losing Randall; Randall acknowledges that he and William had the time they needed, and he and Rebecca reaffirm their love. Kevin's play premieres and the family loves it, though an important critic fails to attend. Randall quits his job over his firm's apparent disrespect and lack of appreciation, admitting he doesn't have a plan. Kevin and Sophie consummate their relationship and Ron Howard offers Kevin a film role after having seen the play. Kate struggles to tell Toby about Jack's death, saying she is responsible for it.

18
18
"Moonshadow"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
1AZC18
12.84[24]

In 1972, Jack and Rebecca are set up on blind dates. Jack and a friend take Jack's life savings to a poker match and win big on the first game, but are then robbed by the host's enforcers. Rebecca, fighting disillusionment over failed efforts to start a singing career, leaves her blind date early to sing at an open mic night. Jack skips his date, planning to rob the bar that hosted the poker match, but is distracted by Rebecca's singing. c.1997, Jack drives drunk to Cleveland to see Rebecca's show, where her ex-boyfriend Ben tries to kiss her. Jack finds out and punches him, prompting Rebecca to drive Jack home; they fight; Jack apologizes and decides to stay at Miguel's. In the present, Kate and Toby return to Los Angeles; she looks at a photo of Rebecca and decides to pursue singing. Sophie sees Kevin off for a meeting with Ron Howard. Randall looks through a photo album of his childhood and tells Beth that he wants to adopt a baby.

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)

text: Development[edit]

text: Dan Fogelman and Don Todd served as the season's showrunners.[25]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In 2015, Mandy Moore, Milo Ventimiglia, Justin Hartley, Sterling K. Brown, and Ron Cephas Jones were the first to be cast in Dan Fogelman’s pilot.[2] Chrissy Metz was later cast in the pilot,[3] followed by Susan Kelechi Watson.[4] Jon Huertas joined the cast in 2016.[6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The first season of This Is Us received positive reviews, with critics praising cast performances and series plot. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 89% based on 56 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, This Is Us will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since Parenthood went off the air."[26]

text: On Metacritic, the season has a normalized score of 76 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[27] TVLine gave the series "A-" saying, "With emotionally resonant dialogue and top-notch performances, This Is Us should fill that Braverman-sized hole in your heart."[28] TV Guide placed This Is Us at ninth among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–2017 season and called it, "a well-acted drama about love, life and family."[29]

text:
This Is Us (season 1): Critical reception by episode

Season 1 (2016–17): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[26]

text: Writing for The Star-Ledger, Vicki Hyman lauded the series and said, "This Is Us (from Crazy, Stupid, Love screenwriter Dan Fogelman) methodically weaves four seemingly disparate stories into a believable and emotional whole through tiny telling details, relateable moments, and conversations and confrontations that are funny, tender or painful, or all three at once."[30] Entertainment Weekly's Jeff Jensen wrote, "A 21st century thirtysomething for a TV generation that likes a splash of high concept in their shows and isn't afraid of melodrama."[31] Gwen Ihnat of The A.V. Club also reviewed the series positively saying, "The hour accomplishes what it set out to do. It creates characters so compelling that we compulsively want to tune back in to see them again."[32]

text: In a review for The Boston Globe, Matthew Gilbert said, "The pilot is beautifully shaped, the themes of building your own meaning in life are smart, and the actors already seem to know their characters."[33]

text: The Washington Post critic Hank Stuever said, "While I'd like to see another few episodes to make sure, there's something comfortably gooey right away about This Is Us, reminding us once more that amid all the high-functioning detectives, emergency-rescue personnel and secret-agent superheroes covered in cryptic tattoos, there are very few network dramas aimed at viewers who are simply interested in everyday people and how they feel."[34] Pittsburgh Post-Gazette's TV critic Rob Owen wrote, "Created and written by Dan Fogelman, This is Us manages the tricky task of telling emotional stories without getting too saccharine. And in each story, the characters are quite relatable."[35] James Poniewozik of The New York Times also gave the series positive reviews and said, "The first hour works its way efficiently through an economy-size box of tissues with cleverly turned dialogue and well-inhabited performances."[36] The series also received praise from critics at other publications such as USA Today,[37] The Atlantic,[38] The Hollywood Reporter,[39] and The Los Angeles Times.[40]

text: Some were more critical towards the show, Daniel D'Addario of Time wrote, "The show has promise, but its cynicism in terms of trying to evoke an emotional response is both what viewers will be tuning in for and its least accomplished aspect. If it could work to wring out a real response, not just an easy one, this might be a show worth watching each week.[41] Ben Travers, Chief TV critic of Indiewire, quipped, "'It all works out' seems to be the main takeaway from the pilot, but where things specifically go from here is one whopping question mark. Perhaps if this was an episodic anthology series with new characters flooding in every week and new arcs every season, This Is Us could repeat the mysterious highs of its subjectively mediocre pilot (depending on how you like that ending)."[42]

text: In a moderate review for Variety, Sonia Saraiya said, "It's deceptively difficult to build a surprising and complete story in just 40 minutes with so many characters. Yet This Is Us manages to both craft an intimate series of portraits and stitch them together. But at the same time, waves of cloying sentiment threaten to submerge everything."[43]

text: Critics' top ten lists[edit]

text: This Is Us was included on multiple Best/Top TV Shows of 2016 lists; these are listed below in order of rank.[44]

text:
No. 1 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
No. 1 TV Insider
No. 2 Orlando Sentinel
No. 2 Sioux City Journal
No. 3 Lincoln Journal Star
No. 3 PopSugar
No. 3 San Francisco Chronicle
No. 4 Newsday
No. 4 NPR
No. 4 People
No. 5 Hidden Remote
No. 5 St. Louis Post-Dispatch
No. 5 Tulsa World
No. 5 TVLine
No. 6 The Salt Lake Tribune
No. 8 St. Paul Pioneer Press
No. 9 Maclean's
No. 9 The Star-Ledger
No. 10 TV Guide
 – American Film Institute
 – Associated Press
 – Cleveland Plain Dealer
 – CNN
 – The Huffington Post
 – New York Post
 – TheWrap
 – Yahoo!

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Pilot"
September 20, 2016
2.8/10
10.07[7]
1.8
4.55
4.6
14.61[45]

2
"The Big Three"
September 27, 2016
2.6/9
8.75[8]
1.9
5.12
4.5
13.87[46]

3
"Kyle"
October 11, 2016
2.8/9
9.87[9]
1.9
4.95
4.7
14.82[47]

4
"The Pool"
October 18, 2016
2.6/9
9.71[10]
2.0
4.86
4.6
14.57[48]

5
"The Game Plan"
October 25, 2016
2.4/8
8.68[11]
2.1
5.11
4.5
13.83[49]

6
"Career Days"
November 1, 2016
2.3/7
8.48[12]
2.1
5.09
4.4
13.57[50]

7
"The Best Washing Machine in the World"
November 15, 2016
2.6/9
9.50[13]
2.1
5.20
4.7
14.70[51]

8
"Pilgrim Rick"
November 22, 2016
2.4/9
9.00[14]
2.1
5.46
4.5
14.46[52]

9
"The Trip"
November 29, 2016
2.7/9
10.56[15]
1.9
4.96
4.6
15.46[53]

10
"Last Christmas"
December 6, 2016
2.8/9
10.95[16]
2.1
5.45
4.9
16.40[54]

11
"The Right Thing to Do"
January 10, 2017
3.0/11
10.48[17]
2.0
5.33
5.0
15.81[55]

12
"The Big Day"
January 17, 2017
2.6/8
9.53[18]
2.5
6.20
5.1
15.80[56]

13
"Three Sentences"
January 24, 2017
2.8/9
9.63[19]
2.4
6.16
5.2
15.79[57]

14
"I Call Marriage"
February 7, 2017
2.6/8
9.57[20]
2.4
6.23
5.0
15.80[58]

15
"Jack Pearson's Son"
February 14, 2017
2.4/8
9.03[21]
2.4
6.14
4.8
15.17[59]

16
"Memphis"
February 21, 2017
2.5/8
9.35[22]
2.5
6.35
5.0
15.70[60]

17
"What Now?"
March 7, 2017
3.0/10
11.15[23]
2.3
6.04
5.3
17.18[61]

18
"Moonshadow"
March 14, 2017
3.4/12
12.84[24]
1.9
4.94
5.3
17.77[62]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
American Film Institute Awards
TV Program of the Year
This Is Us
Won
[63]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Most Exciting New Series
This Is Us
Won
[64]

Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

African-American Critics Association Awards
Top Ten TV Show
This Is Us
Won

2017
People's Choice Awards
Favorite New TV Drama
This Is Us
Won
[65]

Favorite Actor in a New TV Series
Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Mandy Moore
Nominated

Writers Guild of America Awards
New Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[66]
[67]

Episodic Drama
Vera Herbert (for "The Trip")
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated
[68]

Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Mandy Moore
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[69]

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[70]

Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Commercial Television
David L. Bertman (for "Pilot")
Won
[71]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: This Is Us premiered on September 20, 2016, in the U.S. on NBC.[72] The series premiered on CTV in Canada on September 21, 2016,[73][74] on TVNZ 2 in New Zealand on September 27, 2016,[75] and in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 on December 6, 2016.[76] The series premiered in Australia on Channel Ten on February 8, 2017.[77]


document_title: Popeyes

question_text: where did the name popeyes chicken come from

root

text: Popeyes

text: History[edit]

text: Popeyes Mighty Chicken was founded in Arabi, Louisiana, a suburb of New Orleans in St. Bernard Parish. It first opened its doors on June 12, 1972, as "Chicken on the Run".[8] Owner Al Copeland wanted to compete with Kentucky Fried Chicken. As the company's history states, it sold "traditional mild fried chicken [but] business was slow, and the chicken team realized they'd have to sell a spicier alternative to their standard chicken recipe if they wanted to impress flavor-seeking New Orleanians." Copeland started franchising his restaurant in 1976, beginning in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Over the next ten years it added approximately 500 outlets. B.P. Newman of Laredo, Texas, acquired several franchises in Texas and surrounding states. Two hundred additional locations were added during a period of slower expansion.

tag: p

text: By 1990, Copeland Enterprises was in default on $391 million in debts, and in April 1991, the company filed for bankruptcy protection. In October 1992, the court approved a plan by a group of Copeland's creditors that resulted in the creation of America's Favorite Chicken Company, Inc. (AFC) to serve as the new parent company for Popeyes and Church's, another fast food chain specializing in chicken.[9] AFC went public in 2001 with initial public offering (IPO) of $142,818,479.[10] On December 29, 2004, AFC sold Church's to Arcapita, formerly Crescent Capital Investments, retaining Popeyes.[citation needed]

text: On June 17, 2014, Popeyes announced it had re-acquired full control of its seasonings, recipes, and other proprietary food preparation techniques from Diversified Foods & Seasonings, which remained under the control of Al Copeland and his estate after the creditor sale of Popeyes to AFC. Popeyes had continued to license the seasonings, recipes, and techniques from DF&S for a yearly 'spice royalty', before buying them outright for $43 million. DFS remains the main supplier for Popeyes until at least 2029.[11]

text: As of 2017[update], Popeyes has over 2,600 restaurants worldwide according to its website.[3]

text: Name[edit]

text: Alvin C. Copeland claimed he named the stores after the fictional detective Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle in the movie The French Connection[12][13] and not the comic strip and cartoon character Popeye the Sailor.

text: The name is spelled "Popeyes" without the apostrophe used by other restaurant chains such as McDonald's and Hardee's. Copeland claimed facetiously that he was "too poor" to afford an apostrophe.[12] The chain later acquired rights to use Popeye the Sailor for marketing. The company's early brand became deeply tied to the cartoon star with its sponsorship of the Popeye & Pals children's show in New Orleans, and the character appeared on items from packaging to racing boats. In late November 2006, AFC announced the mutual termination of their licensing contract with King Features Syndicate, effectively ending their association with the Popeye characters.[14]

text: Acquisition by Restaurant Brands International[edit]

text: On February 21, 2017, Restaurant Brands International announced a deal to buy Popeyes for US$1.8 billion.[15] On March 27, 2017, the deal closed with RBI purchasing Popeyes at $79 per share via Orange, Inc, an indirect subsidiary of RBI.[16]

text: Products[edit]

text: Popeyes serves chicken dishes in mild and spicy flavors and offers sides such as red beans and rice, Cajun fries, mashed potatoes with Cajun-style gravy, Cajun rice, macaroni & cheese, and coleslaw. In addition to fried chicken, other entree items include a chicken-and-sausage jambalaya and po' boy sandwiches. Most combo meals come with a side order, drink, and a biscuit. On October 30, 2006, AFC announced that Popeyes planned to introduce a trans fat-free biscuit as well as french fries containing one gram of trans fat by year-end.[17] On November 18, 2011, AFC announced that, for the Thanksgiving holiday, Popeyes would release a Fried Turducken sandwich that would show off the first ever Turducken patty. On July 29, 2013, AFC began offering a special entree of fried chicken strips dipped in waffle batter, which was already a proven success in some markets.[18] For a limited time only in 2017, Popeyes offered "Sweet and Crunchy" chicken, fried chicken tenders coated in shortbread cookie breading.[19]

text: Style and marketing[edit]

text: The restaurants have a distinctive red-and-yellow color scheme. The original locations had a black lava rock exterior with a red shingled roof. Most older locations have covered the rock exterior to conform with the current yellow stucco appearance. During the 1970s and 1980s, the company occasionally licensed characters from the Popeye comic strip to use in its advertising. TV and radio ads often use New Orleans-style music, along with the trademark "Love That Chicken" jingle[20] sung by New Orleans funk and R&B musician Dr. John.

text: In 2009, Popeyes introduced "Annie the Chicken Queen", a fictitious, upbeat, African-American Popeyes chef. The character is meant to be "honest, vibrant, youthful and authentic" according to Dick Lynch, Popeyes Chief Marketing Officer. "Everyone has a relative or a good friend who will give it to them straight, and that's what the Annie is all about", Lynch said.[21]

text: Number of franchises[edit]

text: Popeyes maintains a "Hall of Fame" of its franchise holders. Among the inductees is Morgan W. Walker, Jr. (1928–2008), originally from Alexandria, Louisiana, who held a franchise in the Washington, D.C., area from 1979 to 2007. Some international franchises, such as the ones located in Germany, France, and Japan, are only located on U.S. military installations and are generally not accessible to the local civilian public.

text:
Year
United States
Canada
Outside the United States and Canada
Company-owned

2003
1,324
20
320
95

2004
1,382
28
347
67

2005
1,427
28
315
56

2006
1,459
31
306
50

2007
1,507
34
276
61

2008
1,527
39
301
55

2009
1,539
42
325
37

2010
1,533
42
333
37

Source: Entrepreneur.com[22]

tag: table


document_title: Fidelity Bank Nigeria

question_text: how many branches does fidelity bank have in nigeria

text: Fidelity Bank Nigeria

text: History[edit]

text: Fidelity Bank of Nigeria was incorporated in the year 1987 and began its operations in 1988. It initially started with a Merchant Banking license, with the objective of positively impacting on the Nigerian economy through participation and contribution to the growth of the Nigerian Economy with the provision of quality and timely financial services.

text: Fidelity Bank converted to a commercial bank in the year 1999 in an attempt to grow, as a private limited company and became a Public Limited Company also in the year 1999, in the month of August. It re-branded to Fidelity Bank Plc that year.

text: It secured its Universal Banking License in February 2001 and also obtained its International Banking License in the year 2011. Fidelity Bank of Nigeria has grown to a stable banking institution, during the 2005 Nigeria Banking consolidation, Fidelity Bank acquired FSB International Bank Plc (“FSB”) and Manny Bank Plc to become one of the top financially stabled banks in Nigeria Fidelity Bank currently has presence in all the States and Major cities in Nigeria, over the years the bank has been reputed for its financial stability. Fidelity continues to rank among Nigeria's most capitalized banks, with tier-one capital of nearly USD1 billion (One Billion US Dollars).[5]

text: Branch Network[edit]

text: The bank maintains a large network of interconnected branches in all Nigerian states and major cities in Nigeria. Currently has 240 business offices and 774 ATMs.

text: Corporate Social Responsibility[edit]

text: Fidelity Bank actively has imbibed its Corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a core function of its banking services. It established the Fidelity Helping Hands Programme, where its area of focus is education, the environment and the health and social welfare. It has over the years actively engaged and supported through its CSR, activities aimed at improving its area of focus through the Fidelity Helping Hands Programme.


question_text: who plays sharkboy in the movie sharkboy and lavagirl

text: Plot[edit]

text: Max is a lonely child in the suburbs of Austin who creates an imaginary dreamworld named Planet Drool, where all of his dreams come to life. He creates two characters; Sharkboy, who was raised by sharks after losing his father at sea, and Lavagirl, who can produce fire and lava, but has trouble touching objects without setting them alight. The two left Max to guard Planet Drool. In reality, Max's parents have little time for him, and their marital relationship is not going well. Max is also bullied by fellow schoolmate Linus. However, he does receive friendship from Marissa, the daughter of his teacher Mr. Electricidad, whose name is Spanish for "electricity". After a chase, Linus steals Max's dream journal (where all of his most precious dreams are kept) and vandalizes it. The next day, as Max attempts to retaliate, twin tornadoes form outside the school. Sharkboy and Lavagirl emerge from the tornadoes and have Max accompany them to Planet Drool, which he learns is turning bad because of Mr. Electric, the dreamworld's now-corrupt electrician.

text: They confront Mr. Electric, who drops them in the Dream Graveyard, where some of Max's dreams have been dumped. They find Tobor, a robot toy that Max never finished building in the real world after being discouraged by his father. Tobor gives them a lift to other parts of the planet. The three form a friendship during their journey, but they face hardships, such as Sharkboy's anger for the oceans being frozen over, and Lavagirl's desperation to find her true purpose on Planet Drool. They are pursued by Mr. Electric and his "plughounds" across the planet. They plan to visit the Ice Princess and obtain the Crystal Heart, which can freeze time, giving them enough time to get to the center of Planet Drool and fix the dreamworld using Max's daydreaming. However, they are captured by Mr. Electric, and delivered to Linus's Planet Drool incarnation Minus, who has altered the dreamworld with Max's own dream journal, and traps the three in a cage. Sharkboy gets annoyed by Minus and has a shark frenzy, destroying the cage. After they escape, Max retrieves the dream journal from Minus while he is sleeping. Max informs Sharkboy that his father is alive in his book, but when Lavagirl wishes to learn what it says about her true identity, she burns the book to ash. In rage, Lavagirl asks Max why she was made out of lava, but Sharkboy tells him to let her cool down.

text: After an encounter with the Ice Guardian, Max, Sharkboy, and Lavagirl reach the Ice Princess, the Planet Drool incarnation of Marissa Electricidad. She hands over the Crystal Heart, but they are too late to stop the corruption since the ice princess is the only one who can use the Crystal Heart's power, and she cannot leave her home. Mr. Electric fools Sharkboy into jumping into water filled with electric eels, seemingly killing him. Lavagirl also dies after jumping into the water to retrieve Sharkboy. Tobor appears and convinces Max to dream a better and unselfish dream, which in turn revives Sharkboy, who then races Lavagirl to a volcano to revive her. Max concludes that her purpose is as a light against the dark clouds which have engulfed Planet Drool's skies. Max gains reality warping as the Daydreamer and defeats Minus, then offers to make a better dreamworld between the two of them, to which Minus agrees.

text: Mr. Electric refuses to accept the new dreamworld, and flies to Earth to kill Max while he is dreaming. Max awakens back in his classroom during the tornado storm. Mr. Electric materializes, and Max's parents get sucked into the storm, but are saved by Sharkboy and Lavagirl. Max gives the Crystal Heart to Marissa so she can use the Ice Princess's powers to destroy Mr. Electric. Mr. Electricidad, Linus and Max make peace with one another, and Max reunites with his parents.

text: Max later informs his class that Planet Drool became a proper dreamworld again, Sharkboy became the King of the Ocean, and Lavagirl became Queen of the Volcanoes, and as the film shows Max finally finishing Tobor, he reminds the class to "dream a better dream, and work to make it real."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Cayden Boyd as Max. An imaginative 10-year-old[4] boy, known as the "day-dreamer" on Planet Drool. "At first he's dreaming all for himself; he wants Shark Boy and Lava Girl to take him away", says Boyd about the role. "I like that he's selfish in the beginning and he's not selfish in the end".[4]
Taylor Lautner as Sharkboy. Lautner said about the character, "He's very self-confident and sometimes his confidence gets him into trouble. He's also kinda jealous of the character, Max, because he has an inside crush on Lava Girl and she's overly motherly to Max."[5] Lautner's martial arts skills helped him to obtain the role of Sharkboy. "When I auditioned for the film, Robert Rodriguez, the director, didn't know that I had my martial arts [background], and while we there in Austin, TX he saw a DVD of me and asked me to choreograph my own fight scenes", said Lautner.[6] Lautner was the first to audition for the film, says Rodriguez, and was chosen immediately.[7]
Taylor Dooley as Lavagirl. The role was cast after the two other main characters, Sharkboy and Max, had already been cast.[4] Her lava bike was computer-generated, like many of the elements in the film; Dooley and Lautner described the on-set versions of the lava bike and Sharkboy's shark-themed jetski as "a green box with handles".[8]
David Arquette and Kristin Davis play Max's parents. Max's father is an unemployed writer. They are on the brink of a divorce. They mean well for Max but are unable to settle his troubles. On Planet Drool, Max's parents appear as a pair of "Cookie Giants," who live happily in the Land of Milk and Cookies.
George Lopez as Mr. Electricidad, Mr. Electric, and the voices of Tobor and the Ice Guardian. Rodriguez states that he kept asking Lopez to play additional characters. Lopez spent a total of two weeks working on the film.[9]
Jacob Davich as Linus / Minus. He is a bully at Max's school and steals his Dream Journal. With it, he enters Max's dreamworld and, using the name "Minus" (a nickname bestowed by Mr. Electricidad for Linus' habit of disliked conduct), alters it to his version before ultimately befriending Max.
Sasha Pieterse as Marissa Electricidad / Ice Princess. Marissa is the daughter of Mr. Electricidad, and at first the only student who befriends Max. On Planet Drool, she appears as the Ice Princess, keeper of the Crystal Heart, which is a necklace she wears which can freeze anything, including time.

text: Robert Rodriguez has an uncredited role voicing a shark. As seen in the credits, two of Robert Rodriguez's children, Rebel and Racer, portray Sharkboy at age five and age seven respectively. Rico Torres plays Sharkboy's father. Marc Musso and Shane Graham play children at Max's school.

text: Production[edit]

text: Parts of the film were shot on location in Texas, where Max resides and goes to school in the film. Much of the film was shot in a studio against green screen. Most of the ships, landscapes and other effects including some creatures and characters, were accomplished digitally. According to Lautner and Dooley, when filming the scene with the dream train, the front part of the train was an actual physical set piece. "The whole inside was there and when they have all the gadgets you can pull on, that was all there but everything else was a green screen," said Dooley.[10] Eleven visual effects companies (Hybride Technologies, CafeFX, The Orphanage, Post Logic, Hydraulx, Industrial Light & Magic, R!ot Pictures, Tippett Studio, Amalgamated Pixels and Intelligent Creatures and Rodriguez's Texas-based Troublemaker Digital) worked on the film in order to accomplish over 1,000 visual effect shots.[11]

text: Robert Rodriguez appears in the credits fourteen times, most notably as director, a producer, a screenwriter (along with Marcel Rodriguez), visual effects supervisor, director of photography, editor, a camera operator, and a composer and performer. The story is credited to Racer Max Rodriguez, with additional story elements by Rebecca Rodriguez, who also wrote the lyrics for the main song, "Sharkboy and Lavagirl". Other members of the Rodriguez family can be seen in the film or were involved in the production.

text: Miley Cyrus had auditioned for the film with Lautner, and said it came down to her and another girl who was also auditioning; however, Cyrus began production on Hannah Montana.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response [edit]

text: The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl received a 20% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and the consensus: "The decision to turn this kiddie fantasy into a 3-D film was a miscalculation."[13] Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and agreed with the other criticisms in which the 3-D process used was distracting and muted the colors, thus, he believes, "spoiling" much of the film and that the film would look more visually appealing when released in the home media market.[14]

text: Box office[edit]

text: For its opening weekend, the film earned $12.6 million in 2,655 theaters. It also was placed #5 at the box office, being overshadowed by Mr. & Mrs. Smith, Madagascar, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, and The Longest Yard.[15] The film was not very successful in the US, taking in $39,177,541 and was a box office bomb. However, it did manage to gross $30,248,282 overseas, for a total of $69,425,966 worldwide.[3]

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: The Total Nonstop Action professional wrestler Dean Roll, who trademarked the name "Shark Boy" in 1999, sued Miramax on June 8, 2005, claiming that his trademark had been infringed and demanding "[any] money, profits and advantages wrongfully gained". In April 2007, the suit was settled for a disclosed amount of $200,000.[16]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
June 28, 2005

Genre
Soundtrack, rock, pop

Length
43:26

Label
Varèse Sarabande

Robert Rodriguez film soundtrack chronology

Sin City
(2005)Sin City2005
The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D
(2005)
Planet Terror
(2007)Planet Terror2007

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Filmtracks
[17]

Music from the Movies
[18]

SoundtrackNet
[19]

text: Director Robert Rodriguez composed parts of the score himself, with contributions by composers John Debney and Graeme Revell. Green Day were reportedly set to contribute "Wake Me Up When September Ends" to the soundtrack, but Robert Rodriguez declined it.[citation needed]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"The Shark Boy"
Robert Rodriguez, John Debney

3:47

2.
"The Lava Girl"
Rodriguez

1:28

3.
"Max's Dream"
Rodriguez

1:37

4.
"Sharkboy and Lavagirl Return"
Rodriguez

1:44

5.
"Planet Drool"
Rodriguez

2:12

6.
"Mount Never Rest"
Graeme Revell

2:35

7.
"Passage of Time"
Rodriguez, Carl Thiel

1:30

8.
"Mr. Electric"
Revell

1:09

9.
"Train of Thought"
Debney

2:01

10.
"Dream Dream Dream Dream (Dream Dream)"
Rodriguez
Shark Boy and the Lava Girls
1:54

11.
"Stream of Consciousness"
Debney

1:33

12.
"Sea of Confusion"
Debney

3:04

13.
"The LaLa's"
Nicole Weinstein

1:09

14.
"The Ice Princess"
Rodriguez, Debney

2:51

15.
"Sharkboy vs. Mr. Electric"
Revell

0:55

16.
"Lavagirl's Sacrifice"
Rodriguez

2:10

17.
"The Light"
Rodriguez

2:21

18.
"Battle of the Dreamers"
Rodriguez

1:21

19.
"Mr. Electric on Earth"
Revell

1:15

20.
"Unplugged"
Rodriguez, Debney

1:12

21.
"The Day Dreamer"
Rodriguez, Debney

1:29

22.
"Sharkboy and Lavagirl"
Rodriguez, Rebecca Rodriguez
Ariel Abshire & The Lava Girls
4:09

Total length:
43:26

text: Books[edit]

text: Around the time of the film's debut Rodriguez co-wrote a series of children's novels entitled Sharkboy and Lavagirl Adventures with acclaimed science fiction writer Chris Roberson. They include Book 1, The Day Dreamer, and Book 2, Return to Planet Drool, which announces that it will be continued in a third volume, Deep Sleep, which has yet to appear. They are illustrated throughout by Alex Toader, who designed characters and environments for the film and the previous Spy Kids franchise.[20]

text: In the first book, the story of the film is told from Lavagirl's and Sharkboy's perspective, with at least one new event. In Return to Planet Drool, Sharkboy, remembering his encounter with the Imagineer in the first book, continues the search for his father by seeking to return to the Dream World. He meets a very bored Lavagirl in the underwater city of Vent, where she now reigns as queen, and together they embark on a subterranean journey. They encounter piranhas, a gargantuan red bear, and a city of inhabited by the dreams of bygone eras, where they are held captive by superheroes, pirates, and cowboys. By the end, after learning the city's secrets, Sharkboy still hopes to find his father, and Lavagirl the secrets of her origin.

text: Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly praised another book appearing around the time of the film, The Adventures of SharkBoy and LavaGirl: The Movie Storybook (by Racer Max Rodriguez and Robert Rodriguez), as a far cry from the usual movie storybook tie-in, and also praised Alex Toader's "cartoony yet detailed" illustrations.[21]


document_title: Moana (2016 film)

question_text: what is the name of the crab in the movie moana

text: Moana (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the Polynesian island of Motunui, the inhabitants worship the goddess Te Fiti, who brought life to the ocean, using a pounamu stone as her heart and the source of her power. Maui, the shapeshifting demigod and master of sailing, steals the heart to give humanity the power of creation. However, Te Fiti disintegrates, and Maui is attacked by Te Kā, a volcanic demon, losing both his magical giant fishhook and the heart to the depths.

text: A millennium later, Moana, daughter of Motunui's chief Tui, is chosen by the ocean to return the heart to Te Fiti. However, Tui arrives and takes Moana away, causing her to lose the heart. Tui and Moana's mother, Sina, try to keep her away from the ocean to prepare her for ascension as the island's chief. Years later, a blight strikes the island, rotting the coconuts and dwindling the number of fish caught. Moana suggests going beyond the island's reef to find more fish, but Tui forbids it. Moana tries conquering the reef but is overpowered by the tides and shipwrecked back on Motunui.

text: Moana's grandmother Tala shows her a secret cave, where a number of ships are hidden, revealing to Moana that their people used to be voyagers. Tala explains they stopped when Maui stole Te Fiti's heart and that Te Kā's darkness is poisoning the island, but it can be cured if Moana finds Maui and makes him restore the heart of Te Fiti, which she gives to Moana. Tala falls ill shortly after and dies.

text: Moana sets sail on a camakau found in the cavern. She is caught in a typhoon and shipwrecked on an island where she finds the stranded Maui, who traps her and steals the camakau, but Moana catches up to him with help from the ocean. She demands that Maui return the heart but he refuses. Maui is accompanied by a sentient "Mini-Maui" tattoo, acting as his conscience.

text: They are attacked by Kakamora—coconut-armored pirates—who seek the heart, but Moana and Maui outwit them. Moana realizes Maui is no longer a hero, and convinces him to redeem himself by returning the heart. Maui first needs to obtain his magical fishhook, which is located in Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters, and is in the possession of Tamatoa, a giant, greedy coconut crab. Maui retrieves his fishhook while Moana distracts Tamatoa, but Maui discovers he cannot control his shapeshifting and loses self-confidence, quickly becoming overpowered by Tamatoa. Moana's quick thinking allows them to escape with the hook. Maui reveals that his first tattoo was earned when his mortal parents rejected him. After reassurance from Moana, Maui teaches her the art of sailing and regains control of his powers.

text: The two arrive at Te Fiti's island, only to be attacked by Te Kā, who badly damages Maui's fishhook. Fearful he will lose his hook, and therefore his power, Maui angrily abandons Moana, who tearfully asks the ocean to find someone else to restore the heart. The ocean obliges and takes the heart from Moana. Tala's spirit appears, inspiring Moana to find her true calling. She retrieves the heart and sails back to confront Te Kā. Maui returns, having had a change of heart, and buys Moana time to reach Te Fiti by fighting Te Kā, destroying his fishhook in the process. Moana discovers Te Fiti is missing, and realizes Te Kā is Te Fiti without her heart. Moana tells the ocean to clear a path, allowing her to restore Te Fiti's heart, transforming her back to normal. Te Fiti then heals the ocean and islands of the blight. Maui apologizes to Te Fiti, who restores his fishhook and falls into a deep sleep.

text: Moana bids farewell to Maui, returning home where she reunites with her parents. She takes up her role as chief and wayfinder, leading her people on a voyage.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana, the 16-year-old daughter of village chief Tui and Sina, who is chosen by the ocean to restore the heart of Te Fiti
Cravalho reprised her role in the Hawaiian-language version of the movie.[5]
Louise Bush as a younger Moana
Dwayne Johnson as Maui, a legendary shapeshifting demigod who sets off with Moana on her journey
Rachel House as Tala, Tui's mother and Moana's paternal grandmother. Like Moana, Tala shares a passion for the ocean
House reprised her role in the Māori-language version of the movie.[6][7]
Temuera Morrison as Tui, Moana's overprotective father, who is Tala's son, chief of Motunui Island
Morrison reprised his role in the Māori-language version of the movie.[6][7]
Christopher Jackson as Tui's singing voice
Jemaine Clement as Tamatoa, a giant treasure-hoarding coconut crab from Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters
Clement reprised his role in the Māori-language version of the movie.[6][7]
Nicole Scherzinger as Sina, Moana's mother and Tui's wife
Scherzinger also reprised her role in the Hawaiian-language version of the movie.[8]
Alan Tudyk as Heihei, Moana's pet rooster
Tudyk also voices Villager No. 3, an old man who suggests cooking Heihei
Oscar Kightley as a fisherman
Troy Polamalu as Villager No. 1
Puanani Cravalho (Auliʻi's mother) as Villager No. 2

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After directing The Princess and the Frog (2009), Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,[9] but problems with acquiring the necessary film rights prevented them from continuing with that project. To avoid a recurrence of that issue, they pitched three original ideas.[10] The genesis of one of those ideas (the one that was ultimately green-lighted) occurred in 2011, when Musker began reading up on Polynesian mythology, and learned of the heroic exploits of the demigod Māui. Intrigued with the rich culture of Polynesia, he felt it would be a suitable subject for an animated film. Shortly thereafter, Musker and Clements wrote a treatment and pitched it to John Lasseter, who recommended that both of them should go on research trips.[11][12] Accordingly, in 2012, Clements and Musker went on research trips to Fiji, Samoa, and Tahiti to meet the people of the South Pacific Ocean and learn about their culture.[13] At first, they had planned to make the film entirely about Maui, but their initial research trips inspired Clements to pitch a new idea focused on the young daughter of a chief.[14]

text: Clements and Musker were fascinated to learn during their research that the people of Polynesia abruptly stopped making long-distance voyages about three thousand years ago. Their navigational traditions predated those of European explorers, beginning around 300 CE.[15] Native people of the Pacific possessed knowledge of the world and their place in it prior to the incursion of foreigners. For example, Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) were well aware of the existence of far away islands, had names for these places, and were interested in exploring them to benefit their societies.[15] This voyaging heritage was made possible by a geographical knowledge system based on individual perspective rather than the European cardinal direction system.[15] The reasons for the halt of this voyaging tradition remain unknown, but scholars have offered climate change and resulting shifts in ocean currents and wind patterns as one possible explanation.[15] Native peoples of the Pacific resumed voyaging again a thousand years later. Clements and Musker set the film at the end of that era, about two thousand years ago, on a fictional island in the central Pacific Ocean, which drew inspiration from elements of the real-life island nations of Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.[16]

text: Over the five years it took to develop and produce the film, Clements and Musker recruited experts from across the South Pacific to form an Oceanic Story Trust, who consulted on the film's cultural accuracy and sensitivity as the story evolved through nine versions.[17] The Trust responded negatively, for example, to a depiction of Maui as bald, and to a proposed scene in which Moana threw a tantrum by throwing coconuts. In response, Maui was reworked with long hair and the coconut scene was scrapped.[14]

text: Te Kā was referred to in early drafts of the film as Te Pō,[18] a reference to the Māori goddess Hine-nui-te-pō, who was originally the life-giving goddess Hine-tītama, but became the goddess of death upon discovering that her husband the god Tāne was also her father.[19] Māui set out to defeat her in order to bring immortality to humans, but failed and was himself killed.[20]

text: During the 2015 D23 Expo's panel for Disney's slate of upcoming animated films, Moana's last name was given as "Waialiki", but that name was not retained in the final film.[21]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Taika Waititi wrote the initial screenplay.[22] The first draft focused on Moana as the sole daughter in a family with "five or six brothers",[23] in which gender played into the story. However, the brothers and gender-based theme were deleted from the story, as the directors thought Moana's journey should be about finding herself.[12] A subsequent draft presented Moana's father as the one who wanted to resume navigation, but it was rewritten to have him oppose navigation so he would not overshadow Moana.[12] Instead, Pamela Ribon came up with the idea of a grandmother character for the film,[24] who would serve as a mentor linking Moana to ancient traditions.[23] Another version focused on Moana rescuing her father, who had been lost at sea.[25] The film's story changed drastically during the development phase (which happens with most Disney films), and that idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory.[25] Aaron and Jordan Kandell joined the project during a critical period to help deepen the emotional story architecture of the film. They are credited with developing the core relationship between Moana and Maui, the prologue, the Cave of the Wayfinders, the Kakamora, and the collector crab Tamatoa (played by Jemaine Clement).[26] Jared Bush received sole credit as the writer of the final version of the screenplay.

text: Like most Disney and Pixar animated films, several major story problems were identified in 2015 only after the film had already transitioned from development into production, but computer-generated films tend to have much shorter production schedules and much larger animation teams (in this case, about 90 animators) than traditionally animated films.[25] Since Clements and Musker were already working 12-hour days (and Saturdays) directing such a large team of animators, Don Hall and Chris Williams (who had just finished directing Big Hero 6) came on board as co-directors to help fix the film's story issues.[25] The scene in which Maui and Moana encounter the Kakamora is an intentional homage to Mad Max: Fury Road.[25]

text: Casting[edit]

text: After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific,[13] 14-year-old high school freshman Auliʻi Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana.[27][28] At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence.[29] During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen.[29]

text: The majority of the film's cast members are of Polynesian descent: Auliʻi Cravalho (Moana) and Nicole Scherzinger (Sina, Moana's mother) were born in Hawaii and are of Native Hawaiian heritage; Dwayne Johnson (Maui), Oscar Kightley (Fisherman), and Troy Polamalu (Villager No. 1) are of Samoan heritage; and New Zealand–born Rachel House (Tala, Moana's grandmother), Temuera Morrison (Tui, Moana's father), and Jemaine Clement (Tamatoa) are of Māori heritage.

text: Animation[edit]

text: Moana is Clements and Musker's first fully computer-animated film.[13][30] One of the reasons for using computer animation was that the environment, including the ocean, benefited much more from the use of CGI as opposed to traditional animation.[31] The filmmakers have also suggested that three-dimensional computer animation is well-suited to the "beautiful sculpturing" of the faces of the people of the South Pacific.[32] Eric Goldberg worked on the hand-drawn animation used to depict Maui's sentient tattoos.[33][34] During early development, the filmmakers considered the possibility of making the film with hand-drawn traditional animation, but only a few early animation tests were made in that style. In the final cut, only Maui's tattoos are hand-drawn.[35]

text: Moana was produced in makeshift quarters in a giant warehouse in North Hollywood (together with Zootopia), while Disney Animation's headquarters building in Burbank was being renovated. Musker observed that Moana was similar in that respect to The Little Mermaid, which was produced in a warehouse in Glendale. Production wrapped on October 20, 2016.[36]

text: Music and soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 18, 2016. The songs were written by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda, while the score was written by Mancina.[37][38] The lyrics are in English, Samoan, and the Tokelauan language.[39] The soundtrack peaked at number two on the Billboard 200.[40]

text: Localization[edit]

text: In many European countries, the name of the titular character, Moana, was changed to Vaiana due to a trademark conflict. The film was released in those countries to bear the alternative name in the title.[41] In Italy, the film was released with the title Oceania.[42] Media outlets speculated that the name change was to avoid confusion with Italian pornographic actress Moana Pozzi,[43][44] and Disney Italy's head of theatrical marketing, Davide Romani, acknowledged they were "thinking about the issue" at a meeting of Italian exhibitors in 2015.[44]

text:
Following the success brought by international productions of Disney's Frozen, which led to the release of a complete set album which included all the official versions of "Let It Go" released at the time,[45] Disney decided to produce a special Tahitian dubbing for the movie. On October 25, 2016, at a press conference in Papeete, it was announced that the film will be the first motion picture to be fully dubbed in the Tahitian language.[46] This marks the third time Disney has released a special dubbing dedicated to the culture which inspired the film: the first case was The Lion King (1994), for which the directors travelled to South Africa to cast voice actors for a Zulu-dubbed version;[47] and the second case was Mulan (1998), which was the first Disney film to have a Mandarin Chinese dubbing made in China, separate from and independent of the version released in Taiwan.[48]
In June 2017, a Māori-language dubbing of the movie was announced,[49] premiering in Auckland on September 11, with 30 theatres screening it for free as part of Māori Language Week.[50] Rachel House, Jemaine Clement, Temuera Morrison, and Oscar Kightley reprised their respective roles in this version, directed by Rachel House herself.[51][52]
In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Auli'i Cravalho reprising her role as Moana.[5] The movie premiered on June 10, 2018.[53]

text:
show"Moana" worldwide

Language

Title

Translation

Arabic

موانا (Moana)

Bengali

মোয়ানা (Moana)

Brazilian Portuguese

Moana: Um mar de aventuras

Moana: A seaful of adventures

Bulgarian

Смелата Ваяна (Smelata Vayana)

Brave Vaiana

Canadian French

Moana

Cantonese Chinese

魔海奇缘

Romance of the demon of the ocean

Castilian Spanish

Vaiana

Catalan

Vaiana

Croatian

Vaiana: Potraga za mitskim otokom

Vaiana: Quest for an island of myth

Czech

Odvážná Vaiana: Legenda o konci světa

Brave Vaiana: The legend of the end of the world

Danish

Vaiana

Dutch

Vaiana

Estonian

Vaiana

European French

Vaiana, la Légende du bout du monde

Vaiana, the legend from the end of the Earth

European Portuguese

Vaiana

Finnish

Vaiana

Flemish

Vaiana

German

Vaiana – Das Paradies hat einen Haken

Vaiana – Paradise has a hook

Greek

Βαϊάνα (Vaiana)

Hawaiian

Moana

Hebrew

מואנה (Moana)

Hindi

मोआना (Moana)

Hungarian

Vaiana

Icelandic

Vaiana

Italian

Oceania

Japanese

モアナと伝説の海 (Moana to densetsu no umi)

Moana and the sea of legend

Kazakh

Моана (Moana)

Korean

모아나 (Moana)

Latin American Spanish

Moana: Un mar de aventuras

Moana: A seaful of adventures

Latvian

Vaiana

Lithuanian

Vaiana

Mandarin Chinese (China)

海洋奇缘 (Hǎiyáng qí yuán)

The romance of the ocean

Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan)

海洋奇缘 (Hǎiyáng qí yuán)

The romance of the ocean

Māori

Moana

Norwegian

Vaiana

Polish

Vaiana: Skarb oceanu

Vaiana: Treasure of the ocean

Romanian

Vaiana

Russian

Моана (Moana)

Serbian

Вајана / Vajana

Vaiana

Slovak

Vaiana

Slovene

Vaiana

Swedish

Vaiana

Tamil

மோனா (Moana)

Tahitian

Moana

Thai

ผจญภัยตำนานหมู่เกาะทะเลใต้ (P̄hcỵ p̣hạy tảnān h̄mū̀ keāa thale tı̂)

Adventure on the islands of the legendary southern sea

Turkish

Moana

Ukrainian

Ваяна (Vayana)

Vietnamese

Hành trình của Moana

Moana’s journey

text: Release[edit]

text: On October 20, 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that it would be releasing the film in late 2016,[54] and hinted that it might be the November 23, 2016 release window previously announced by the studio in March 2014 for a then-untitled film.[55] In November 2014, Disney confirmed that it would be releasing the film on November 23, 2016.[56] The film is accompanied by the short film, Inner Workings.[57] The film's world premiere was held at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 14, 2016.[58]

text: On January 27, 2017, a sing-along version of Moana was released in more than 2,000 theaters in the United States, featuring on-screen lyrics.[59]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On October 15, 2016, Hawaiian Airlines unveiled their Moana-themed livery for three of their Airbus A330-200 fleet.[60]

text: There are currently meet-and-greets with Moana at Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris, and at Aulani, a Disney Resort and Spa. At Hong Kong Disneyland, there will be a stage show called Moana's Village Festival, which is scheduled to open in 2018.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Moana was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on March 7, 2017, with a digital release on February 21, 2017. The releases include the short film, Inner Workings. The Blu-ray release also introduces a short film featuring Maui and Moana, titled Gone Fishing.[61] The film is also available for streaming on Netflix.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Moana grossed $248.7 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $394.5 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $643.3 million.[3] On January 22 and March 16, 2017, respectively, the film reached the $500 million and $600 million marks, becoming the fourth consecutive Walt Disney Animation Studios film to reach both milestones after Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), and Zootopia (2016).[62][63] Although Disney has not disclosed the film's production budget, most of its animated films cost around $150 million.[64][65] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $121.3 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 12th-most profitable release of 2016.[1]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States, Moana was released during the Thanksgiving weekend. The film played in 3,875 theaters of which a majority of them (80%) screened it in 3D. It also played in 50 premium large-format screens and more than 400 D-Box screens. It was projected to take in around $50 million in three days, with $75–85 million in five days (some estimates going as high as $90 million).[66][67][68] Deadline.com said the numbers were good for the original Disney film and marked a great rebound for the company in the wake of Pixar's The Good Dinosaur the previous year, which had made $55 million over five days off a production budget of $175–200 million.[69]

text: Moana made $2.6 million from Tuesday paid previews which began at 7 pm, the highest ever for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film and for a non-Pixar Disney animated film.[70] On its opening day, it made $15.5 million, a new record for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film opening on Wednesday (breaking Frozen's record) and the biggest opening day ever for a film released on pre-Thanksgiving Day.[71] On Thanksgiving Day, it earned $9.9 million, a decrease of 36% from its previous day. On Black Friday—the highest-grossing day of the Thanksgiving stretch—it made $21.8 million, a 127% increase from the day before.[72] Through Sunday, the film posted a three-day opening weekend worth $56.6 million over its Friday-to-Sunday debut and $82.1 million from Wednesday to Sunday, the third biggest three-day Thanksgiving opening[73] (behind Frozen and Toy Story 2) and the second-biggest five-day Thanksgiving opening[74] (behind Frozen), dethroning Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them off the top spot. Among all films that did not necessarily open in this weekend but may have played, Moana ranks sixth among three-day[75] weekends and fifth among five-day weekends.[76]

text: The film's opening was considered to be another animated success for the studio after Zootopia and Pixar's Finding Dory posted huge openings, respectively, the same year in March and June.[77]

text: In its second weekend, the film dropped by about 50% for a total of $28.3 million, a smaller drop than Toy Story 2, Frozen, Tangled, and The Good Dinosaur.[78][79] The film managed to top the box office for its third weekend, despite competition from newcomers and holdovers, earning $18.5 million while falling by 34%. It became the sixth film of 2016 to top the box office three times, following Deadpool, Zootopia, The Jungle Book, Finding Dory, and Suicide Squad.[80] The film was overtaken by Disney's own Rogue One: A Star Wars Story in its fourth weekend, despite only a marginal decline.[81]

text: It fell to number six in its fifth weekend, due to competition from four new releases—Sing, Passengers, Why Him?, and Assassin's Creed—despite a small drop again; it grossed $2.9 million on Christmas Day.[82] On the holiday week of December 23–29, the film finished at number four with a gross of $26 million, which was 14% up from the previous week, despite losing over 300 theaters.[83] It finished at number four in its sixth weekend, going up 42% and 97%, respectively, during the three-day[84] and four-day weekends;[85] it grossed $3.6 million on New Year's Day.

text: It fell outside the top ten in its eighth weekend (which included Martin Luther King Jr. Day), dropping 33% and 4%, respectively, during the three-day[86] and four-day weekends.[87]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, the film earned $17.2 million in its first weekend from 12 markets, the bulk of which came from China. In its second weekend, the film expanded to a total of 30 markets, adding an additional $33.7 million.[88]

text: In China, the film had a November 25 opening day[89] with $1.9 million from 38,000 screenings. However, it enjoyed a big weekend bump on Saturday—even though its screens dipped—and Sunday.[90] In total, it scored an opening weekend of $17.2 million, the second best for a Disney animated title, behind only Zootopia. It was No. 2 behind Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Strong social media numbers showed among the highest the studio has seen there, similar to how Zootopia started off slow and later became a blockbuster phenomenon.[91] The film slipped 55% in its second weekend, earning $5.8 million, and $21.8 in total in China.[92] It would eventually earn a total of $32.7 million in China.[89]

text: It had similar successful number-one debuts in France, Russia, Mexico and Spain. The film also saw success in Belgium, the Netherlands and French-speaking Switzerland.[88] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the film faced competition from Fantastic Beasts—which was playing in its third weekend—and as a result, it posted a low opening of only £2.2 million ($2.8 million).[93]

text: The biggest earning markets to date have been Japan ($45.9 million), followed by France ($35.5 million), China ($32.8 million), the UK ($25.3 million), Brazil ($22.9 million), Australia ($19 million), Germany ($17 million), Italy ($15.9 million), and South Korea ($15.5 million).[94]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Moana holds an approval rating of 96% based on 246 reviews, and an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With a title character as three-dimensional as its lush animation and a story that adds fresh depth to Disney's time-tested formula, Moana is truly a family-friendly adventure for the ages."[95] Subsequently, the film is also listed as number 11 on the website's "50 Best Computer Animated Movies" list.[96] On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[97] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on a scale ranging from A+ to F, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave an 89% overall positive score and a 71% "definite recommend".[70]

text: Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal proclaimed that "Moana is beautiful in more ways than I can tell, thanks to the brilliance of more animators than I could count."[98] Animator Eric Goldberg received praise from critics and audiences for his hand-drawn animation of Maui's tattoos, which they claimed "stole the show" from the actual CGI-animated motion picture.[99][100][101] Wai Chee Dimock, writing in the Los Angeles Review of Books, compared the ocean in Moana to the one in "The Water Baby", a short story by Jack London, saying that both are animated: one, by the tension between digital and analog animation, and the other, by the tension between an encroaching future and a past in retreat still capable of pushing back.[102]

text: Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars, stating that "'Moana' would have been enormously entertaining regardless of when it came out, but its arrival at this particular moment in history gives it an added sense of significance—as well as inspiration."[103] Peter Debruge of Variety praised the film, calling it "a return to the heights of the Disney Renaissance".[104]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Disney has been accused of appropriating Polynesian mythology and culture. Through the film, the corporation has been claimed to perpetuate settler colonialist practices of exploitation and erasure by utilizing the knowledge and narratives of native peoples to spur a profitable capitalist enterprise of music, celebrities and merchandise.[105] A Maui "skin suit" costume made to tie in with the film was pulled by Disney from its online store following complaints about it being culturally insensitive[106] and for appearing to promote brownface.[107]

text: The film takes specific cultural elements from a variety of native Pacific groups and incorporates them into one generalized portrayal of Polynesian culture. This conglomeration of cultures has been regarded as degrading to the diversity of the Pacific, falsely reducing all of Polynesia to a single cultural entity.[105]

text: The film has also been criticized as a tourism advertisement for the Pacific. It has been accused of fetishizing Polynesian island nations as exotic vacation spots, the people and culture of which exist only to entertain foreign audiences.[105] Disney initiating a partnership with Hawaiian Airlines[108] to promote the film has been perceived as having this particular motive, as well as Auliʻi Cravalho speaking with The New York Times in an interview sharing travel tips for visitors to Hawaii.[109] Critiques of these promotional tactics focus on how adverse effects of tourism have devastated native communities in the Pacific, resulting in environmental degradation and poverty.[110]

text: Colin Philp, an educator on Polynesian history, noted that the sailing canoe used by the film's protagonists is believed to be a Fijian camakau, and that the film's concept artists based it on one of the canoes they saw when they visited the Korova settlement in Laucala. Philp said that using that design without permission of the Korova community could be viewed as a violation of the intellectual property rights of their elders.[111]

text: Brigham Young University–Hawaii sociocultural anthropologist Tēvita 'Ō. Ka'ili stated that "despite its important girl-power message, the film had a major flaw. It lacked symmetry by its omission of a heroic goddess. Disney resorted to reducing the mighty god Maui to a one-dimensional, selfish, borderline abusive, buffoon to foreground the strength of the movie's protagonist Moana." He went on to explain that, "the omission of a goddess-heroine is significant because Polynesia is a culture with a vast pantheon of powerful heroic goddesses. Hina, a companion goddess to the god Maui, was nowhere to be found in Disney's imagineering of Moana."[112]

text: Accolades[edit]


document_title: Bromothymol blue

question_text: what is the colour of bromothymol when added to an acid solution

text: Bromothymol blue

text: Structure and properties[edit]

text: Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the difference in color. An intermediate of the deprotonation mechanism is responsible for the greenish color in neutral solution.[2]

text: The protonated form of bromothymol blue has its peak absorption at 427 nm thus transmitting yellow light in acidic solutions, and the deprotonated form has its peak absorption at 602 nm thus transmitting blue light in more basic solutions.[3] Highly acidic Bromothymol blue is magenta in color.

text: The general carbon skeleton of bromothymol blue is common to many indicators including chlorophenol red, thymol blue, and bromocresol green.[2]

text: The presence of one moderate electron withdrawing group (bromine atom) and two moderate donating groups (alkyl substituents) are responsible for bromothymol blue's active indication range from a pH of 6.0 to 7.6. While the conjugation is responsible for the length and nature of the color change range, these substituent groups are ultimately responsible for the indicator's active range.[2]

text: Bromothymol blue is sparingly soluble in oil, but soluble in water, ether, and aqueous solutions of alkalis. It is less soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, and practically insoluble in petroleum ether.[4]

text: Preparation[edit]

text: To prepare a solution for use as pH indicator, dissolve 0.10 g in 8.0 cm3 N/50 NaOH and dilute with water to 250 cm3. To prepare a solution for use as indicator in volumetric work, dissolve 0.1 g in 100 cm3 of 50% (v/v) ethanol.[4]

text: Uses[edit]

text: Bromothymol blue may be used for observing photosynthetic activities, or as a respiratory indicator (turns yellow as CO2 is added).[5][6] A common demonstration of BTB's pH indicator properties involves exhaling through a tube into a neutral solution of BTB.  As carbon dioxide is absorbed from the breath into the solution, forming carbonic acid, the solution changes color from green to yellow. Thus, BTB is commonly used in science classes to demonstrate that the more that muscles are used, the greater the CO2 output.

text: Bromothymol blue has been used in conjunction with phenol red to monitor the fungal asparaginase enzyme activity with phenol red turning pink and bromothymol blue turning blue indicating an increase in pH and therefore enzyme activity. However, a recent study suggests that methyl red is more useful in determining activity due to the bright yellow ring form in the zone of enzyme activity.[7]

text: It may also be used in the laboratory as a biological slide stain. At this point, it is already blue, and a few drops are used on a water slide. The cover slip is placed on top of the water droplet and the specimen in it, with the blue coloring mixed in.[clarification needed] It is sometimes used to define cell walls or nuclei under the microscope.

text: Bromothymol is used in obstetrics for detecting premature rupture of membranes. Amniotic fluid typically has a pH > 7.2, bromothymol will therefore turn blue when brought in contact with fluid leaking from the amnion. As vaginal pH normally is acidic, the blue color indicates the presence of amniotic fluid. The test may be false-positive in the presence of other alkaline substances such as blood or semen, or in the presence of bacterial vaginosis.


document_title: Greek city-state patron gods

question_text: are there any humans for whom zeus is a patron

text: Greek city-state patron gods

text: Ancient and archaic Greek poleis would be dedicated to the worship of a particular city-state patron god, to whom the population would show reverence in addition to the god or gods of their own personal adherence. The patron gods of Greece are the equivalent of today's patron saints.[1]

text: Ancient Greek temples were dedicated to a certain deity. A typical temple would have a statue inside. An altar would be placed outside, upon which offerings would be placed as sacrifices to the city's patron deity. The Parthenon is a famous example of an Ancient Greek temple.

text: Athena and Apollo are among the most common choices of patron gods of the ancient Greek cities.[2]

text: Examples of city-state patron gods[edit]

text:
Athens worshipped Athena, the goddess of wisdom, as a patron city-state god.[3] The designation of Athena as patron of Athens occurred during the Great Panathenaea in 566 B.C., potentially coinciding with construction of the Altar of Athena Polias.[4] An epithet of Athena commonly referred to as Athena Alea, served as patron of the cities of Alea, Mantinea and Tegea.
Sparta worshipped Artemis as their patron goddess, under the epithet "Athena Poliachos" (Athena Protector of the City). [5] However, while he was not the chief deity, Apollo was widely worshipped in the most important religious celebrations in the polis. [6]
Elis and Olympia had Zeus as their city god. The statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.[7]
Syracuse, as with Athens, worshipped Athena. Reference to Athena can be seen on their city-state banner.[8]
Thespiae was a city/state that worshiped Eros. Due to this, the Thespian hoplites would bear the crescent moon symbol on their shield, the crescent moon was "the lunar Aphrodite". The was a bull's foot. Another name for Dionysus was Axios Tauros, which translates as 'worthy bull'.[9]
Corinth chose Poseidon, lord of the sea, as their city-state patron god.[10]
The patron god of Thebes was Dionysus, also called Bacchus and Iacchos. Dionysus' mother, Semele, was a Theban princess. Sophocles' includes in his play Antigone an ode to Dionysus, the guardian of Thebes; in that ode Dionysus is claimed to have Thebes as his most honoured city.[11]
Megara worshipped Apollo as their patron god, and as such, he is lauded by the poet Theognis of Megara in his collection of works Theognidea as guardian of the city.[12]
The polis of Argos was dedicated to the worship of Hera.[13]
The island city-state of Samos, in the Aegean Sea, worshipped Hera too as their patron.[14]
Rhodes was a city on an island, which built the Colossus of Rhodes, a giant statue, in honor to their patron god, Helios.[15]
Both Eretria and Epidauros worshipped Apollo as their patron god. Eretria, as Apollo Daphnephoros; and Epidauros as Apollo Maleatas (Apollo's son, Asklepios, was also worshipped at Epidauros).[16]
The patron god of the city of Miletus, in Asia Minor, was Apollo. The sanctuary and oracle of Didyma, devoted to Apollo, was within Miletus' territory.[17]
The patron goddess of Ephesus, also in Asia Minor, was Artemis, who had been identified with an oriental mother goddess, like Cybele.[18] The Temple of Artemis, or Artemision, in Ephesus was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The city of Cnidus, in Asia Minor, worshipedΆ Aphrodite as their patron.[19]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Lawson 2012, pp.54-55
Jump up ^ Cole 1995, p.300
Jump up ^ Buckley 2010, p. 103
Jump up ^ Buckley 2010, p. 110
Jump up ^ Cartledge 2002, p. 309
Jump up ^ Pettersson 1992
Jump up ^ Connolly & Solway 2001
Jump up ^ Hansen 2006
Jump up ^ Rhodes 2007
Jump up ^ Kearns 2009
Jump up ^ "Antigone". Sophocles. Translated by Robin Bond.
Jump up ^ Zhou 2010, pp.76-77
Jump up ^ Burkert 1985, p. 139
Jump up ^ Cole 1995, p.295
Jump up ^ Connolly & Solway 2001
Jump up ^ Cole 1995, p.300
Jump up ^ Cartledge 2011, p.40
Jump up ^ Fine 1983, p.128
Jump up ^ Cole 1995, p.295

tag: ol


document_title: Dell EMC

question_text: what does emc in dell emc stand for

question_tokens: what does emc in dell emc stand for

text: Dell EMC

text: History[edit]

text: EMC, founded in 1979 by Richard Egan, Roger Marino & John Curly (the E, M & C in EMC),[15] introduced its first 64-kilobyte memory boards for the Prime Computer in 1981[16][17] and continued with the development of memory boards for other computer types. In the mid-1980s the company expanded beyond memory to other computer data storage types and networked storage platforms. EMC began shipping its flagship product, the Symmetrix, in 1990. Symmetrix was the main reason for EMC's rapid growth in the 1990s, both in size and value, from a company valued in the hundreds of millions of dollars to a multi-billion company.[18]

text: Michael Ruettgers joined EMC in 1988 and served as CEO from 1992 until January 2001.[19] Under Ruettgers’ leadership, EMC revenues grew from $120 million to nearly $9 billion 10 years later, and the company shifted its focus from memory boards to storage systems.[20] Ruettgers was named one of BusinessWeek's "World's Top 25 Executives"; one of the "Best Chief Executive Officers in America" by Worth magazine; and one of Network World's "25 Most Powerful People in Networking".[20]

text: In 2001, Joe Tucci was named chief executive officer of EMC.[21] He has been credited with transforming EMC's business model from a focus on high-end storage platforms to a portfolio of platforms, software, and services that enable organizations to deliver IT as a service through cloud computing.[21] Under Tucci's leadership, EMC grew to $21.7 billion in revenues in 2012.[22]

text: In 2009, EMC and Cisco, with investments from VMware and Intel, formed a joint venture called VCE to develop products and services for the converged infrastructure and cloud computing markets.[23]

text: EMC announced its 450,000 square foot Center of Excellence (COE) in Durham, North Carolina in 2011.[24] The COE houses a virtualized data center and includes 130,000 square feet of global research and development labs. The company also has COEs in India, China, Egypt, Israel, Ireland, Russia and Draper, Utah, USA which perform engineering, research and development, customer, and translation services for EMC business units.[24]

text: In 2013, EMC launched a new company named Pivotal.[25] Led by Paul Maritz, the organization combines technologies from VMware and EMC and is focused on delivering Platform-as-a-Service products.[25]

text: EMC has been growing in part through aggressively making acquisitions of small companies, and starting to bring those products to market.[26]

text: Acquisition by Dell[edit]

text: On October 12, 2015, Dell Inc. announced its intent to acquire EMC in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $67 billion, which has been considered the largest-ever acquisition in the technology sector. Dell CEO Michael Dell explained that the purchase was meant to "evolve the company into the most relevant areas where IT is moving," combining Dell's enterprise server, personal computer, and mobile businesses with EMC's enterprise storage business. The deal is structured so that Dell will pay $24.05 per share of EMC, and $9.05 per share of tracking stock in VMware.[27][28][29]

text: Products and services[edit]

text: In addition to those of the majority-owned VMware and Pivotal companies, EMC sells products and services designed to allow IT departments to move to a cloud computing model and to analyze big data.

text:
Product category
Products/Services

Information Storage
VMAX3 Family, VNX/VNXe Family, Isilon, Atmos, XtremIO, ScaleIO, DSSD, Unity, ECS

Archiving, Backup, and Recovery
Avamar, DataDomain, NetWorker, Mozy, RecoverPoint, Centera, SourceOne

Storage and Content Management
Service Assurance Suite, Appsync, ViPR SRM, ViPR Controller

Enterprise content management
Captiva, ApplicationXtender, InfoArchive, LEAP

Virtualization
VMware, VPLEX

Services
Consulting, Customer support, Education Services, Managed Services, Technology Services and Solutions

Security/Compliance
RSA Security, Dell SecureWorks

Cloud computing/Converged Infrastructure
VxBlock, VxRack, VxRail, VSPEX, Virtustream

Data Computing
Greenplum, Pivotal

text: Major acquisitions[edit]

text: The following table includes the listing and timeline of EMC Corporation's major acquisitions of other companies since 1996.

text:
Year
Storage
Storage & management software
Content management
Virtualization
Services
Security/compliance
Cloud computing
Data computing

1996–2000
Data General,[30] CrosStor[31]
Softworks,[32] Avalon[33]

2001–2005
FilePool,[34] Allocity[35]
Luminate,[36] Prisa Networks,[37] Legato Networker,[38] Dantz/Retrospect,[39] Smarts Astrum[40][41]
Documentum,[42] Ask Once,[43] Acartus,[44] Captiva Software[45]
VMware[46] Rainfinity,[47] Acxiom[48]
Internosis[49]

2006–2010
Avamar,[50] Iomega,[51] Data Domain,[52] Isilon Systems[53] Bus-Tech,[54] Indigo Stone[55]
Kashya,[56] nLayers,[57] Voyence,[58] Infra Corporation,[59] WysDM,[60] Configuresoft,[61] Fastscale[62]
Pro Activity,[63] X-Hive,[64] Dokumentum, Document Sciences,[65] Kazeon[66]
Akimbi,[67] YottaYotta
Interlink,[68] Geniant,[69] Business Edge,[70] Conchango[71]
RSA Security,[72] Authentica,[73] Network Intelligence,[74] Valyd,[75] Verid,[76] Tablus,[77] Archer Technologies[78]
Mozy,[79] Pi,[80] Source Labs[81]
Greenplum[82]

2011–present
XtremIO,[83] Likewise[84] ScaleIO[85]
Watch4Net,[86] iWave,[87] TwinStrata[88]
Syncplicity[89](spun off in 2015)[90]
Syncplicity[89](spun off in 2015),[90] Trinity Technologies[91]
Asankya
Netwitness,[93] Silicium Security,[94] Silver Tail Systems[95] Aveksa
Virtustream[96]
ZettaPoint,[97] Pivotal Labs,[98] MoreVRP[99]

text: Big data projects[edit]

text: In 2012, EMC sponsored The Human Face of Big Data,[100] a globally crowd-sourced media project focusing on the ability to collect, analyze, triangulate and visualize vast amounts of data in real time. The Human Face of Big Data, produced by Rick Smolan and Jennifer Erwitt, includes “a number of fascinating stories…(that) represent some of the most innovative applications of data that are shaping our future.”[101]

text: EMC sponsors The Digital Universe, a study by IDC “measuring and characterizing all the digital data created, replicated, and consumed worldwide in a single year.”[102] The Digital Universe 2012 report anticipates that "during the next eight years, the amount of digital data produced will exceed 40 zettabytes, which is the equivalent of 5,200 GB of data for every man, woman and child on Earth. To hit that figure, all data is expected to double every two years through 2020."[103]

text: Recognition and awards[edit]

text: In 2015, EMC was ranked no. 2 on Fortune’s list of the World’s Most Admired Computer Companies for the fifth consecutive year.[104] EMC was included on the 2012 Thomson Reuters Top 100 Global Innovators list.[105] In 2013, four EMC and RSA channel executives were named CRN’s 2013 Channel Chiefs for “trying to make sure their company’s partners succeed."[106]

text: EMC has ranked on several global best places to work lists. EMC was ranked the 19th Best Multinational Workplace in Europe by Great Places to Work in 2012.[107] EMC was included on Crain’s 2012 Best Places to Work in New York City,[108] The Boston Globe’s 2012 Top Places to Work,[109] and Washington's Best Workplaces 2012.[110] EMC has also been recognized for diversity and inclusion as one of Careers & the disABLED Magazine’s 2013 Top 50 employers[111] and received a score of 100 on the Human Rights Campaign 2013 Corporate Equality Index.[112]

text: Corporate responsibility and sustainability[edit]

text: EMC supports a variety of corporate responsibility initiatives around the world, and in 2012 EMC ranked 47th on Corporate Responsibility Magazine's 100 Best Corporate Citizens List.[113] EMC was named the 43rd Greenest Company Globally on Newsweek’s Green Rankings 2012.[114] EMC sponsors programs in the United States that strive to improve education for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).[115] More than 80,000 students have taken EMC Information Storage and Management courses since the program launched in 2006.[116]

text: Collaboration with colleges and universities[edit]

text: EMC's Academic Alliance program, a collaboration with colleges and universities worldwide, sells curriculum-based education on technology topics such as virtualization, cloud computing, big data analytics, and information storage and management.[117] The global program is geared towards arming students with the knowledge necessary to differentiate themselves in the job market and improve their competitive advantage.[118]

text: Collaboration with NSA[edit]

text: RSA Security, the security division of EMC, has received widespread criticism for accepting $10 million in a secret deal with NSA in 2004 to make Dual_EC_DRBG the default cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator in its prominent BSAFE cryptography library, and for continuing to use it until 2013.[119] Dual_EC_DRBG had been suspected since 2007 of containing a kleptographic backdoor designed by NSA. This was confirmed in a 2013 New York Times article following the Snowden leak.[120] The standard FIPS version of Dual_EC_DRBG (which RSA Security implemented) was theoretically and empirically shown to be insecure in 2006 and 2007 (even aside from the backdoor); following discoveries by Dan Shumow and Niels Ferguson in 2007, prominent security expert Bruce Schneier published an article in Wired magazine titled "Did NSA Put a Secret Backdoor in New Encryption Standard?".[121] Though Dual_EC_DRBG was highly suspect after 2007, its usage in EMC's BSAFE was not widely known until the 2013 New York Times article brought it back into the spotlight. At the 2014 RSA Conference, RSA Security Executive Chairman Art Coviello defended RSA Security's choice to keep using Dual_EC_DRBG until NIST issued new guidance in 2013. He claimed that NIST only issued the guidance to stop using the algorithm "when it became possible that concerns raised in 2007 might have merit".[122]