document_title: Zootopia

question_text: who plays the voice of judy in zootopia

question_tokens: who plays the voice of judy in zootopia

text: Zootopia

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world populated by anthropomorphic mammals, Judy Hopps from rural Bunnyburrow fulfills her childhood dream of becoming a police officer in urban Zootopia. Despite being the academy valedictorian, Judy is delegated to parking duty by Chief Bogo, who doubts her potential because she is a rabbit. On her first day, she is hustled by a con artist fox duo, Nick Wilde and Finnick.

text: The next day, Judy abandons parking duty to arrest Duke Weaselton, a weasel who stole a bag of crocus bulbs known as Midnicampum holicithias. Bogo reprimands her, but Mrs. Otterton enters Bogo's office pleading for someone to find her husband Emmitt, one of fourteen predators who are missing. When Judy volunteers and Assistant Mayor Dawn Bellwether praises the assignment, Bogo gives her 48 hours to find Otterton on the condition that she resign if she fails.

text: After determining Nick was a suspect seen in Otterton's last known sighting, Judy blackmails him into assisting her by covertly recording his confession to tax evasion with her carrot pen. They track Otterton to a limousine owned by crime boss Mr. Big, who reveals Otterton went "savage" – reverted to a feral state – and attacked his chauffeur Manchas. At his home, Manchas mentions Otterton yelled about "night howlers" before the attack. Moments later, Manchas himself turns savage and chases the pair. Judy saves Nick by trapping Manchas and calls the ZPD for help, but when they arrive, Manchas has vanished. Bogo demands Judy's resignation, but Nick reminds Bogo that Judy still has ten hours to solve the case. Judy learns from Nick that he was bullied as a child when he tried to join the Ranger Scouts, who stereotyped him as untrustworthy for being a fox.

text: At City Hall, Bellwether offers Judy and Nick access to the city's traffic cameras. They discover Manchas was captured by wolves, who Judy surmises are the "night howlers". They locate the missing predators — all gone savage — imprisoned at Cliffside Asylum, where Mayor Leodore Lionheart hides them from the public while a scientist tries to determine the cause of their behavior. Lionheart and those involved are arrested for false imprisonment and Bellwether becomes the new mayor.

text: Judy, praised for solving the case, has become friends with Nick and asks him to join the ZPD as her partner. However, she upsets him at a press conference by suggesting a predatory biological cause for the recent savage behavior, and her comments cause tension between predators and prey throughout the city. Feeling guilty for the results of her words, Judy quits her job.

text: Back in Bunnyburrow, Judy learns that the night howlers are actually toxic flowers that have severe psychotropic effects on mammals. After returning to Zootopia and reconciling with Nick, the pair confront Weaselton, who tells them the bulbs he stole were for a ram named Doug. They find Doug in a laboratory hidden in the city subway, developing a drug made from night howlers, which he has been shooting at predators with a dart gun.

text: Judy and Nick obtain the serum as evidence, but before they can reach the ZPD, Bellwether confronts them in the Natural History Museum and takes the evidence, revealing herself as the mastermind behind a prey-supremacist conspiracy. Judy and Nick are trapped after Nick refuses to abandon an injured Judy. Bellwether shoots a serum pellet at Nick to make him kill Judy, and summons the ZPD for help, but Judy and Nick have replaced the serum pellets in Bellwether's gun with blueberries. Enraged, Bellwether threatens to frame the pair for the attacks, but Judy has recorded Bellwether's confession. Bogo and the ZPD arrive and Bellwether is arrested.

text: Lionheart publicly denies knowledge of Bellwether's plot and states that his imprisonment of the savage predators was a "wrong thing for the right reason". With the cause of the epidemic identified, the savage animals are cured and Judy rejoins the ZPD. Nick graduates from the Zootopia Police Academy as the city's first fox police officer and becomes Judy's partner.

text: Voice Cast[edit]

text:
Ginnifer Goodwin as Officer Judy Hopps, an optimistic rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is a newly appointed member of the Zootopia Police Department assigned to the 1st Precinct.[14]

Della Saba voices a younger Judy Hopps.

Jason Bateman as Nick Wilde, a red fox who is a small-time con artist.[14][15]

Kath Soucie voices a younger Nick Wilde.

Idris Elba as Chief Bogo, an African buffalo who is the police chief of the Zootopia Police Department's 1st Precinct.[16]
Jenny Slate as Dawn Bellwether, a diminutive sheep who is the assistant mayor of Zootopia.[16]
Nate Torrence as Officer Benjamin Clawhauser, an obese cheetah who works as a dispatcher and desk sergeant for the Zootopia Police Department's 1st Precinct.[16]
Bonnie Hunt as Bonnie Hopps, a European rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is the mother of Judy Hopps.[16]
Don Lake as Stu Hopps, a European rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is the father of Judy Hopps and a known carrot farmer.[16]
Tommy Chong as Yax, a laid-back domestic yak who is the owner of the naturist club Mystic Springs Oasis in Sahara Square.[16]
J. K. Simmons as Leodore Lionheart, a lion who is the noble, but pompous Mayor of Zootopia.[16]
Octavia Spencer as Mrs. Otterton, a concerned North American river otter whose husband Emmitt Otterton has gone missing.[16]
Alan Tudyk as Duke Weaselton, a small-time least weasel crook who is also known for selling bootleg DVDs.[16] The name is a reference to the Duke of Weselton from Frozen, whom Tudyk also voices.[17]
Shakira as Gazelle, a Thomson's gazelle who is a famous pop star.[18] Shakira also voices Gazelle in the Spanish dub.
Raymond S. Persi as Flash, the "fastest" three-toed sloth in the DMV (short for Department of Mammal Vehicles).[16]

Persi also voices Officer Higgins, a hippopotamus who is an elite member of the Zootopia Police Department's 1st Precinct.[19]

Maurice LaMarche as Mr. Big, an Arctic shrew who is the most fearsome crime boss in Tundratown and is served by a group of polar bears.[20]
Phil Johnston as Gideon Grey, a red fox from Bunnyburrow who used to bully the young rabbits and sheep when he was young. As an adult, he has made amends with those he picked on and became a much-respected baker.[21]

Johnston also voices an angry offscreen character who states that his taxes pay Judy's salary upon being given a parking ticket by her.[22]

Fuschia! as Major Friedkin,[23][24] a polar bear who works at the Zootopia Police Academy as drill instructor.[21]
John DiMaggio as Jerry Jumbeaux Jr., an ill-tempered African elephant who owns an ice cream parlor called Jumbeaux's Café which is frequented by elephants and other larger mammals.[16]

DiMaggio also voices Woolter and Jesse (a pun on the show Breaking Bad's main protagonists), two tough rams who are Doug's assistants;[25] a moose that gets a parking ticket from Judy; and the pig reporter who asks Judy "Why? Why is this happening?"[26]

Katie Lowes as Dr. Madge Honey Badger, a honey badger who helps Mayor Lionheart look for the cause of the animals going savage.[16]
Gita Reddy as Nangi, an Indian elephant who works as a yoga instructor at Mystic Springs Oasis.[21]
Jesse Corti as Manchas, a black jaguar from Zootopia's Rainforest District who is a chauffeur for Zootopia's biggest limo company and is the personal chauffeur to Mr. Big.[16]
Tom Lister Jr. as Finnick, a fennec fox who is Nick’s partner in crime.[16]
Josh Dallas as an unnamed frantic domestic pig who is the owner of the "Flora and Fauna" flower shop that is robbed by Duke Weaselton and frantically asks Judy for help.[27] He later appears as a protestor at Gazelle's peace rally arguing with a female leopard.[28]
Leah Latham as Fru Fru, the daughter of Mr. Big who disapproves of her father doing his criminal business during her wedding. She befriends Judy after Judy saves her from a runaway doughnut shop sign in Little Rodentia and later names her unborn child after her.[27]
Rich Moore as Doug, an emotionless ram chemist and sniper with puffy wool who works for Assistant Mayor Bellwether.[27]

Moore also voices Larry, a gray wolf that is a security guard at Cliffside Asylum.[29]

Peter Mansbridge as Peter Moosebridge, a moose co-anchor of the ZNN News.[30] The moose is used in the standard version of the film, released in the United States, Italy, France, Canada, Russia, and Mexico. In the UK version, the moose is named as Moosos Alexander, voiced by radio journalist Vassos Alexander (though the UK home release used his US name and voice).[31] In other countries, the anchor is a different animal voiced by a different person.[32] David Campbell voices a koala newscaster named David Koalabell in the Australian and New Zealand versions.[33] The Brazilian version uses a jaguar named Boi Chá who is voiced by Ricardo Boechat. The Japanese version uses a tanuki named Michael Tanuyama who is voiced by Kazumasa Kōra. The Chinese version uses an unnamed giant panda who is also voiced by Mansbridge.[32][34]
Byron Howard as Bucky Oryx-Antlerson, a greater kudu who is the neighbor of Judy Hopps.[27]

Howard also voices Travis, Gideon Grey's black-footed ferret friend.[35]

Jared Bush as Pronk Oryx-Antlerson, a gemsbok who is the neighbor of Judy Hopps.[27]
Mark "Rhino" Smith as Officer McHorn, a black rhinoceros police officer who is part of the Zootopia Police Department.[36]
Josie Trinidad as Mrs. Dharma Armadillo,[37] a nine-banded armadillo who is the landlady of the Grand Pangolin Apartments that Judy Hopps moves into.
John Lavelle as the unnamed construction mouse foreman of Little Rodentia's construction crew who receives the Pawpsicle sticks from Nick and Finnick.[21]
Kristen Bell as Priscilla, a three-toed sloth who is Flash's co-worker at the DMV.[27]

text: Production[edit]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Development of the film that would come to be called Zootopia began when Byron Howard pitched six story ideas to Disney Animation chief creative officer and executive producer John Lasseter, of which three involved animal characters: an all-animal adaptation of The Three Musketeers, a 1960s-themed story about a "mad doctor cat...who turned children into animals," and a "bounty hunter pug in space."[38] The common thread running through these ideas was that Howard wanted to do a film similar to Disney’s Robin Hood, which also featured animals in anthropomorphic roles.[39] According to Howard, Zootopia emerged from his desire to create something different from other animal anthropomorphic films, where animals either live in the natural world or in the human world. His concept, in which animals live in a modern world designed by animals for animals, was well received by Lasseter, who responded by embracing and lifting Howard "in the air like a baby Simba."[40] Lasseter suggested that Howard should try combining the 1960s theme with the animal characters, especially the space pug.[38] This led Howard to develop and pitch Savage Seas, an international spy film centered on an arctic hare named "Jack Savage" who was somewhat like James Bond.[38][41] It was around this time that screenwriter Jared Bush was hired to work on the film; he was excited to work on a spy film because his own father and grandfather had worked for the Central Intelligence Agency.[38]

text: Howard and Bush continued to develop the film with the assistance of the Disney Story Trust, the studio's top creative personnel who meet regularly to review and discuss all projects in development.[41] The most delightful part of the spy film turned out to be its first act, set in a city created by and for animals.[38] To focus on the all-animal city, Howard eventually dropped the 1960s setting, along with the espionage and international aspects, which caused the film to evolve into a contemporary police procedural in which Nick Wilde was the lead role and Judy Hopps was essentially his sidekick.[38][41][42] For a while, "the filmmakers were very committed" to that version of the story,[41] but then in November 2014, the filmmakers realized the film's plot would be more engaging if they reversed the roles to instead focus on Hopps as opposed to Wilde.[42] The change in perspective caused several characters to be dropped, including two characters known as "The Gerbil Jerks" who were described as "trust-fund gerbils that had nothing better to do than harass Nick."[43]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: In May 2013, The Hollywood Reporter initially reported that Howard was directing the film and that Jason Bateman had been cast, but little else about the film was known at the time.[15] Zootopia was first officially announced in August 2013 at the D23 Expo, with a March 2016 release date.[39][45]

text: Research for the film took place in Disney's Animal Kingdom, as well as in Kenya and the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, where animators spent eight months studying various animals' walk cycles as well as fur color.[46][47] 800,000 forms of mammals were created for and featured in the film.[47] To make the characters' fur even more realistic, they also went to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County to closely observe the appearance of fur with a microscope under a variety of lighting.[48][47] The filmmakers drew inspiration for Zootopia's urban design from major cities including New York City, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Paris, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Brasília.[49] To develop a city that could actually be inhabited by talking mammals ranging in size from two inches (5 cm) to 27 feet (8.23 m) and from drastically different climates, the filmmakers consulted Americans with Disabilities Act specialists and HVAC system designers.[50] For assistance with designing motor vehicles appropriate for so many different types and sizes of mammals, the filmmakers consulted with J Mays, former chief creative officer of the Ford Motor Company.[51] During the development process, Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn suggested that Nick should expressly state his disappointment ("Just when I thought someone actually believed in me...") after discovering that Judy still fears him as a predator.[52] In March 2015, it was revealed that Rich Moore (Wreck-It Ralph) had been added as a director of the film, in addition to Jared Bush (Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero) as co-director.[53]

text: Animation[edit]

text: Disney's most recent work on animating fur was for the titular character of the 2008 film Bolt, but the software they had used at the time was not ready for creating the realistic fur of the animals of Zootopia. Therefore, the studio's IT engineers developed the fur-controlling software iGroom, which gave character designers precise control over the brushing, shaping and shading of fur and made it possible to create a variety of eccentric character styles for each animal. The software was also able to control an unseen "imaginary" underlayer that gave fur a degree of plushness not seen before. This feature was used to create characters like Officer Clawhauser, who has a big head that is entirely made of spotted fur. Characters with noteworthy numbers of strands of hair or fur included both of the two lead characters, Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde, who each had around 2.5 million hairs; a giraffe with nine million strands of fur; a gerbil with 480,000 strands; and a rodent with more strands of hair than the 400,000 that were on Elsa's head in Frozen.[47]

text: Zootopia was the second time Disney used the Hyperion renderer, which they had first used on Big Hero 6. A new fur paradigm was added to the renderer to facilitate the creation of realistic images of the animals' dense fur. Nitro, a real-time display application developed since the making of Wreck-It Ralph, was used to make the fur more consistent, intact and subtle much more quickly, as opposed to the previous practice of having to predict how the fur would work while making and looking at silhouettes or poses for the character. The tree-and-plant generator Bonsai, first used in Frozen, was used to make numerous variations of trees with very detailed foliage.[47]

text: Zootopia was produced in makeshift quarters in a giant warehouse in North Hollywood (together with Moana) while Disney Animation's headquarters in Burbank was being renovated.[54]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On May 6, 2015, Bateman and Ginnifer Goodwin were announced as having been cast, respectively in the roles of Nick Wilde and Judy Hopps.[14] The filmmakers chose Bateman because they wanted an actor who could bring "a funny yet heartfelt side" with "a wily, dry-witted sort of voice." Bateman described his character as "a crafty, sarcastic schemer," remarking on the role's similarity to many other roles he had done since he was 12. He explained that he had said to the directors: "'What kind of voice do you guys want me to do?' And they just looked at me like I was an idiot and said, 'Just do what you do. Just talk.'"[55]

text: Commenting on the casting of Goodwin, Moore said that she brought "very centered sweetness, tremendous heart and a great sense of humor"; he described Judy as "a little Pollyanna mixed with Furiosa." Goodwin stated about her character: "People mistake kindness for naivete or stupidity, and she is a good girl through and through. But she's not a dumb bunny."[55]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Zootopia: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino

Released
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)

Recorded
November 16–20, 2015

Studio
Eastwood Scoring Stage, Warner Bros., Los Angeles

Genre
Film score

Length
62:34

Label
Walt Disney

Producer
Michael Giacchino (score producer)
Chris Montan (executive music)
Tom MacDougall (music supervisor)

Walt Disney Animation Studios chronology

Big Hero 6
(2014) Big Hero 62014
Zootopia
(2016) Zootopia2016
Moana
(2016) Moana2016

Michael Giacchino chronology

Inside Out: Original Soundtrack
(2015) Inside Out: Original Soundtrack2015
Zootopia
(2016) Zootopia2016
Star Trek Beyond
(2016) Star Trek Beyond2016

Singles from Zootopia

"Try Everything"
Released: February 15, 2016

text: The film's score is composed by Michael Giacchino. It marks his first feature-length project for Walt Disney Animation Studios,[56] as he previously scored the Goofy short How to Hook Up Your Home Theater, the two Prep & Landing specials and short film, and the short film The Ballad of Nessie. In addition to her voice role of Gazelle, pop star Shakira also contributed an original song to the film titled "Try Everything," which was written by Sia and Stargate.[18][57] The film's score was recorded by an 80-piece orchestra in November 2015, with Tim Simonec conducting.[58] The soundtrack was released on March 4, 2016 by Walt Disney Records.[59][60]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino, except where noted.

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length

1.
"Try Everything"
Sia Furler, Tor Erik Hermansen, Mikkel S. Eriksen
Shakira
3:16

2.
"Stage Fright"

0:39

3.
"Grey's Uh-Mad at Me"

1:44

4.
"Ticket to Write"

1:07

5.
"Foxy Fakeout"

2:08

6.
"Jumbo Pop Hustle"

1:50

7.
"Walk and Stalk"

1:29

8.
"Not a Real Cop"

1:34

9.
"Hopps Goes (After) the Weasel"

2:19

10.
"The Naturalist"

3:09

11.
"Work Slowly and Carry a Big Shtick"

0:44

12.
"Mr. Big"

2:47

13.
"Case of the Manchas"

4:00

14.
"The Nick of Time"

5:02

15.
"World's Worst Animal Shelter"

4:24

16.
"Some of My Best Friends Are Predators"

3:47

17.
"A Bunny Can Go Savage"

1:45

18.
"Weasel Shakedown"

2:04

19.
"Ramifications"

3:58

20.
"Ewe Fell for It"

6:37

21.
"Three-Toe Bandito"

0:43

22.
"Suite from Zootopia"

7:28

Total length:
62:34

text: Release[edit]

text: Release and alternative titles[edit]

text: Zootopia was released in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D, making it the first Disney animated film shown in domestic IMAX theatres since Treasure Planet (2002).[9][10] The film was retitled for theatrical release across several international territories. In the United Kingdom and other European, Middle Eastern, and North African countries, the film was renamed Zootropolis, a reference to the concept of a 'metropolis' rather than to that of a 'utopia'; all lines that include "Zootopia" were also redubbed.[61][62][63] In China, the state's SAPPRFT granted the film a rare two-week extension to play in theaters in addition to its limited 30-day run, which was to have ended on April 3.[64] In Germany, the film was titled Zoomania due to a children's book by German author Kay Fischer titled 'Zootopolis' released in 2010.[65][66]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The first teaser trailer was released online at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on June 11, 2015.[67] A second teaser trailer was released online again at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on November 23, 2015, featuring a sequence of the film where the main characters encounter a Department of Mammal Vehicles (based on the DMV) run entirely by sloths.[68] The official theatrical trailer for the film was released online at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on New Year's Eve 2015.[69] Figures of Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde were released for Disney Infinity 3.0 on March 1, 2016.[70]

text: Digital marketing company Allied Integrated Media was contracted by Disney to reach out to members of the furry fandom on Meetup, encouraging them to post photos of themselves in their fursuits on social media, with the movie hashtag, as a form of viral marketing for the film.[71]

text: Danish Givskud Zoo registered the name Zootopia in 2014, and Disney renamed the film as Zootropolis in most European nations.[72]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Zootopia was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, DVD, and Digital HD platforms on June 7, 2016. It includes some bonus material such as "Scoretopia," an alternate opening, and the music video to Shakira's "Try Everything."[73] The film debuted at the top of the home media sales chart for the week ending on June 12, 2016.[74] In India, the satellite rights were sold to Star Movies.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Zootopia grossed $341.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $682.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.024 billion, against a budget of $150 million.[4][5] On March 18, 2016, the film reached the $500 million mark, becoming the third consecutive Walt Disney Animation Studios film to reach the milestone after Frozen (2013) and Big Hero 6 (2014).[75][76] On April 5, it became the first film of 2016 to gross over $800 million in ticket sales,[77] and on April 24, became the first ever film of 2016 to cross $900 million.[78] On June 5, the film crossed the $1 billion mark, becoming the second film of 2016 to do so (after the studio's own Captain America: Civil War), the fourth animated film (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, and Minions), the eleventh Disney film (third Disney animated film), and the twenty-sixth film overall to break the milestone.[79]

text: Worldwide, it was the fourth highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Civil War, Rogue One, and Finding Dory),[80] the second highest-grossing animated film of 2016,[80] the second highest-grossing Walt Disney Animation Studios film (second highest overall) of all time in its original release (after Frozen),[77] the second highest-grossing original film (behind Avatar),[81] the fifth highest-grossing animated film of all time, and the 30th highest-grossing film of all time. Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $294.9 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 5th most profitable release of 2016.[82]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, pre-release tracking suggested the film would open to $60–70 million from 3,827 theaters in its opening weekend.[83][84] It played in 3,100 3D theaters, 365 IMAX theaters, and 325 premium large format screens.[83] It earned $1.7 million from Thursday previews, a record for a non-Pixar Disney animated film,[85] for an animated film opening outside of summer,[86] and seventh biggest all-time for an animated film.[87] Buoyed by good word of mouth, it earned $19.5 million on its opening day, also a record for a non-Pixar Disney animated film (breaking Frozen's record),[85] and the second biggest for a March animated film (behind Ice Age: The Meltdown).[88] In its opening weekend, it scored a better than expected $75.1 million, which was the biggest non-Pixar Disney animated opening (breaking Big Hero 6's record), the biggest opening weekend among Walt Disney Animation Studios films (breaking Frozen's record), the biggest March animated opening (breaking The Lorax's record), the seventh biggest March opening, and the tenth biggest animated opening of all time.[89][90][91] Furthermore, its opening weekend is also the fourth biggest for an original film, behind The Secret Life of Pets, Inside Out, and Avatar.[92][93] It also performed exceptionally well in IMAX, where the film brought in $5.2 million from 366 screens, the second best animated IMAX opening behind only Toy Story 3 ($8.4 million).[90]

text: In its second weekend, it fell gradually by 31% to $51.3 million and recorded one of the best holds for an animated film, more or less on par with Wreck-It Ralph's second weekend drop of 32%, but a bigger drop than The Lego Movie's 27%.[94] It continued to top the box office for the third weekend, earning $37.2 million, falling by 28% from its previous weekend while passing the $200 million mark.[95] This made it the second biggest third weekend for a film that did not open at over $100 million, behind Avatar ($68 million) and ahead of Skyfall ($35 million).[96] The film was overtaken by the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in its fourth weekend, despite only a marginal decline.[97] It spent a total of 13 consecutive weeks in the top ten, more than any other film except for Avatar (14 weeks) and Frozen (16 weeks) over the last decade.[81]

text: It ended its theatrical run on August 4, 2016, after playing in theaters for a total of 154 days.[5] It became the second highest-grossing Walt Disney Animation Studios film (behind Frozen),[98] the seventh highest-grossing film of 2016,[99] and the tenth highest-grossing animated film of all time.[100]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, Zootopia received a scattered release as Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures took advantage of school holidays in various markets. The film opened in a limited number of international markets in the weekend ending February 14, earning $4.5 million in three markets.[101] It expanded to 22 markets in its second weekend, into 36% of its total international markets, and added $31.2 million.[102] It added another $33 million in its third weekend with no new markets.[103] In its fourth weekend, it expanded to 45 countries and grossed $64.7 million, coming in second place at the international box office, behind the Chinese film Ip Man 3.[104] $3.3 million came from IMAX showings.[104] It finally topped the box office in its fifth weekend after a strong second weekend gross in China. It added $89.3 million from 45 countries, an increase of 25% from its previous weekend.[105] It remained in first place for the second time in its sixth weekend,[106] before Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice took the top spot.[107] It passed the $500 million mark in its eighth weekend.[108]

text: In its opening weekend—which varied between markets—the film grossed $3.1 million in Spain and an additional $1.7 million in Belgium and Denmark. In Belgium, it had the biggest ever animated opening for a Disney or Pixar film.[101] It broke opening records for a non-Pixar Disney animated film in China ($23.6 million), France ($8.1 million), Russia ($7.8 million), Germany ($6.6 million), Hong Kong ($1.5 million), Poland ($1.2 million), and India.[102][104][107][109] It opened in the United Kingdom and Ireland with $7.5 million, Mexico with $4.6 million, Australia with $3.2 million, Brazil with $2.6 million, and in Italy, on a non-holiday weekend with $3.1 million.[102][106][107] The film had number-one openings in Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, and South Africa.[104] In the UK and Ireland, with significant competition from Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and the animated family film Kung Fu Panda 3, the film had a £5.31 million ($7.6 million) opening weekend from 579 theaters, including £1.74 million ($2.5 million) worth of previews, debuting in second place behind Dawn of Justice and falling just short of Walt Disney Animation Studios' best opening in the UK.[110][111] It fell just 24% in its second weekend.[112]

text: Zootopia's largest markets overseas are China ($235.6 million), followed by Japan ($70.1 million), Russia and the CIS ($39.2 million), Germany ($34.2 million), the UK ($34.2 million), France ($31.9 million), and South Korea ($31.6 million).[113][114][115] In China, it is the highest-grossing Disney film in local currency (¥1.530 billion), surpassing Avengers: Age of Ultron (¥1.464 billion), as well as the seventh highest-grossing film of all time.[116][117] In Russia, it is the second highest-grossing film of all time in local currency (₽2.3 billion), behind only Avatar (₽3.6 billion).[118] It topped the Russian and German box office for three weekends,[119][120] and the Chinese and Korean box office for two weekends.[121][122]

text: In China, where it was locally known as Crazy Animal City (疯狂动物城),[63] the film exceeded expectations[123] and was considered Hollywood's biggest breakout success in China since 2015's Jurassic World made $229 million.[124] It had an opening day of $3.4 million on its way to $23.6 million for its three-day opening weekend, debuting in second place and scoring the biggest non-sequel animated opening, as well as the second biggest three-day opening and IMAX opening for an animated film, behind Kung Fu Panda 3.[104] In its ninth day of release (a Saturday), it recorded the biggest single-day gross ever for an animated film, with $25 million (compared to $10.6 million on its first Saturday), and passed the lifetime total of Big Hero 6 to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film in China.[125][126] In its second weekend, it grossed $60 million,[127] an enormous increase of 139% from its previous weekend, and crossed the $100 million mark to become the third animated film in China to do so, after Kung Fu Panda 3 and Monkey King: Hero Is Back. This also marked the single best weekend for an animated film.[105] In mid-March, the combined total of Kung Fu Panda 3 and Zootopia alone broke 2014's record of $286 million in box office grosses for American animated features in China.[128] In its third weekend, it grossed $40 million for a total of $175 million, making it the highest-grossing animated film of all time in China.[129] On March 27, its seventeenth day of release, it passed the $200 million mark, becoming the first animated film, the second Disney film, and the sixth Hollywood film overall to pass that milestone.[107] It became the highest-grossing animated film of all time and the second highest-grossing film of 2016, behind only The Mermaid.[130]

text: It opened in Japan on April 23[131] and earned $4 million in its opening weekend, debuting at second place in the box office, behind Detective Conan: The Darkest Nightmare,[132][133] and had the third biggest Walt Disney Animation Studios debut in that market, behind Frozen and Big Hero 6.[78] Deadline.com pointed out that the average opening number might have been due to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, which could have affected moviegoers.[78] In a rare achievement, it topped the box office in its third weekend after two weeks at No. 2.[134] In the following two weekends, it continued to increase its ticket sales,[135] and topped the box office there for four consecutive weekends.[136][137] After four straight wins, it was finally overtaken by the R-rated superhero film Deadpool.[138] It was the No. 1 western/Hollywood film for eight consecutive weekends.[139] The Hollywood Reporter cited that strong word of mouth, audiences watching both the English and Japanese versions, and 3D and 4DX screenings, as well as a popular Japanese version of the "Try Everything" song by Dream Ami, all helped boost Zootopia's performance.[136] Its strong run in the market aided the film to propel past the $1 billion mark worldwide.[140] It remained in top three for 11 consecutive weekends and has grossed a total of $70.1 million there.[141][142][143]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 98% based on 256 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The brilliantly well-rounded Zootopia offers a thoughtful, inclusive message that's as rich and timely as its sumptuously state-of-the-art animation – all while remaining fast and funny enough to keep younger viewers entertained."[11] It was the site's second highest-rated film of 2016 behind Moonlight.[144] On Metacritic, the film has a normalized score of 78 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[145] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[146][85]

text: Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times considered the movie "funny, smart, [and] thought-provoking."[147] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that Zootopia "may be the most subversive movie of" 2016, giving the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and praising its timely message about the harm of prejudice in the face of the prevailing xenophobic political rhetoric at the time of the film's release, and the film's humor.[12] Peter Debruge at Variety opined that Zootopia "plays directly to the studio's strengths."[148] IGN reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film a 9.0 out of 10 'Amazing' score, saying "Zootopia is a wonderful example of how Disney, at its best, can mix its past and present together in a very cool, compelling way. It takes the classic animation trope of animals walking, talking and acting like humans, but gives it a modern spin both in terms of its humor and animation style ... and also in its themes, which are meaningful and fascinatingly topical."[149]

text: Writing in British Sunday newspaper The Observer, reviewer Mark Kermode found the film to be a "very funny, and very likable holiday treat." He added, "The ensuing drama is nominally a tale of predators succumbing to their animal instincts while frightened prey fear their neighbours. In fact, it's a delightfully well-orchestrated parable about trust and tolerance versus panic and prejudice. An encouragingly upbeat celebration of love and diversity in times of hate and uncertainty. If that all sounds overly on-message, then fear not – the jokes are funny, the characters engaging, and the animation packed with delicious visual detail," before concluding, "[…] this is proper family fun with genuine cross-generational appeal. Hooray!"[150]

text: In the UK daily newspaper The Daily Telegraph, Robbie Collin noted, "The lion doesn't just lie down with the lamb, they run for City Hall on a joint ticket. It's the diversity dream come true. Or is it? […] Think Busytown by way of Chinatown. It's almost certain to be the most existentially probing talking animal cartoon of the year." Collin added, "Like Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy in 48 Hrs., albeit considerably cuter, Judy and Nick make a hilariously strained but effective double act – not least thanks to Goodwin and Bateman's tremendous vocal work, which trips along with the effortless swing and snap of great bebop."[151]

text: Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com, despite generally liking the film (three out of four stars), had trouble with the film's central metaphor that conflicted with its message, stating that "[Zootopia] is constantly asking its characters to look past species stereotypes, and not use species-ist language or repeat hurtful assumptions.... This all seems clever and noble until you realize that all the stereotypes about various animals are to some extent true, in particular the most basic one: carnivores eat herbivores because it's in their nature." He ended his review pointing out that "if [Zootopia] were a bit vaguer, or perhaps dumber and less pleased with itself, it might have been a classic, albeit of a very different, less reputable sort. As-is, it's a goodhearted, handsomely executed film that doesn't add up in the way it wants to."[152]

text: Also in The Daily Telegraph, Rosa Prince singled out the film's lead character, Judy Hopps, as a welcome change for Disney animated feature film heroines, such as the Disney Princess franchise. She found that unlike those characters' focus on romance or family loyalty, Hopps' focus is on her dream career as a police officer and serving her city.[153]

text: Some were critical of the message about universal prejudices of all sorts interpreted as an allegory of American racism. Nico Lang of Consequence of Sound felt that Disney delivered a kids' version of Crash,[154] while others criticized the use of prey and predator species in the allegory.[155] [156][157][158]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2016,[159] and won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, Critics' Choice Movie Award and Annie Award for Best Animated Feature Film, as well as receiving a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film.[160][161]

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: On March 21, 2017, a copyright infringement lawsuit was filed against Disney by Esplanade Productions, a company owned by Gary L. Goldman, the co-screenwriter of Total Recall. The lawsuit claims that Goldman (in 2000 and 2009) pitched a concept to Disney for a live-action film titled Looney, which was about a socially awkward animator who creates a self-inspired TV cartoon called Zootopia. Disney twice rejected the pitch, but Goldman accused the company of copying the name, themes, settings, and character tropes. Filed with the lawsuit was a graphic of early concept artwork of characters that are claimed to appear similar to major characters from the film, including Nick Wilde, Judy Hopps, Flash, and Chief Bogo. A Disney spokesperson described the lawsuit as being "ridden with patently false allegations."[162] After months of back-and-forth deliberation between the two parties, U.S. District Judge Michael W. Fitzgerald dismissed the infringement claims on November 8, 2017. As stated in the final review, "...Goldman's effort to make the plots of Looney and Zootopia seem similar were strained. All the purported similarities between the two works were themes, not plot points or sequences of events, that were too general to be protected by copyright law."[163][164]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: A card game based on the film called Zootopia: Suspect Search was released,[165] as well as a game for mobile phones titled Zootopia Crime Files.[166]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In June 2016, Howard and Moore were in the talks about a possibility of a Zootopia sequel.[167][168][169] In the same month, in an interview about challenges and ideas for Zootopia 2, Ginnifer Goodwin revealed that she wishes to reprise her role as Judy Hopps in a sequel.[170]


document_title: List of Southeast Asian Games host cities

question_text: when was the last time malaysia hosted the sea games

root

text: Since the Southeast Asian Games began in 1959, it has been held in 15 different cities across all Southeast Asian countries except Cambodia and East Timor.

tag: p

text:
Year
Games
Host city
Winner
2nd
3rd

Southeast Asian Peninsular Games

1959
I
 Bangkok
 Thailand (35)
 Burma (11)
 Malaya (8)

1961
II
 Rangoon
 Burma (35)
 Thailand (21)
 Malaya (16)

1963
Awarded to Cambodia, cancelled due to domestic political situation

1965
III
 Kuala Lumpur
 Thailand (38)
 Malaysia (33)
 Singapore (18)

1967
IV
 Bangkok
 Thailand (77)
 Singapore (28)
 Malaysia (23)

1969
V
 Rangoon
 Burma (57)
 Thailand (32)
 Singapore (31)

1971
VI
 Kuala Lumpur
 Thailand (44)
 Malaysia (41)
 Singapore (32)

1973
VII
 Singapore
 Thailand (47)
 Singapore (45)
 Malaysia (30)

1975
VIII
 Bangkok
 Thailand (80)
 Singapore (38)
 Burma (28)

Southeast Asian Games

1977
IX
 Kuala Lumpur1
 Indonesia (62)
 Thailand (37)
 Philippines (31)

1979
X
 Jakarta
 Indonesia (92)
 Thailand (50)
 Burma (26)

1981
XI
 Manila
 Indonesia (85)
 Thailand (62)
 Philippines (55)

1983
XII
 Singapore
 Indonesia (64)
 Philippines (49)
 Thailand (49)

1985
XIII
 Bangkok
 Thailand (92)
 Indonesia (62)
 Philippines (43)

1987
XIV
 Jakarta
 Indonesia (183)
 Thailand (63)
 Philippines (59)

1989
XV
 Kuala Lumpur
 Indonesia (102)
 Malaysia (67)
 Thailand (62)

1991
XVI
 Manila
 Indonesia (92)
 Philippines (90)
 Thailand (72)

1993
XVII
 Singapore
 Indonesia (88)
 Thailand (63)
 Philippines (57)

1995
XVIII
 Chiang Mai2
 Thailand (157)
 Indonesia (77)
 Philippines (33)

1997
XIX
 Jakarta
 Indonesia (194)
 Thailand (83)
 Malaysia (55)

1999
XX
 Bandar Seri Begawan
 Thailand (65)
 Malaysia (57)
 Indonesia (44)

2001
XXI
 Kuala Lumpur
 Malaysia (111)
 Thailand (103)
 Indonesia (72)

2003
XXII
 Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City3
 Vietnam (158)
 Thailand (90)
 Indonesia (55)

2005
XXIII
 Manila 4
 Philippines (113)
 Thailand (87)
 Vietnam (71)

2007
XXIV
 Nakhon Ratchasima5
 Thailand (183)
 Malaysia (68)
 Vietnam (64)

2009
XXV
 Vientiane
 Thailand (86)
 Vietnam (83)
 Indonesia (43)

2011
XXVI
 Palembang and Jakarta6
 Indonesia (182)
 Thailand (109)
 Vietnam (96)

2013
XXVII
 Naypyidaw
 Thailand (108)
 Myanmar (84)
 Vietnam (74)

2015
XXVIII
 Singapore
 Thailand (95)
 Singapore (84)
 Vietnam (73)

2017
XXIX
 Kuala Lumpur
 Malaysia (145)
 Thailand (72)
 Vietnam (58)

2019
XXX
 Manila7[1][2]

2021
XXX
 TBD (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City)

2023
XXXII
 Phnom Penh

2025
XXXII
 TBA

tag: table

text:
1 – Changed name when Brunei, the Philippines, & Indonesia were admitted.
2 – It was the first time in SEAGF history that a non-capital city hosted the biennial sports event.
3 – It was the first time in SEAGF history that the game venues were assigned into two cities, namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Other locales hosting the games were Hai Phong, Hải Dương, Nam Định, Ninh Bình, Phú Thọ, Vĩnh Phúc, Bắc Ninh, and Hòa Bình.
4 – Other locales that hosted the games are several cities within Metro Manila, Los Baños and Calamba City in Laguna, Cebu, Bacolod, Angeles, and Subic.
5 – The City of Chonburi and Bangkok were among the places where the 24th SEA Games were held.
6 – Palembang is the main host for the games, Jakarta is the supporting co-host.
7 – The Philippines backed out from hosting the 30th Southeast Asian Games citing domestic crisis, however, reversed the decision on August 16 after appeals by the POC.

tag: ul

text: Hosting tally[edit]

text:
Country
Event hosted
Year hosted

 Thailand
3
1959, 1967, 1975

 Malaysia
2
1965, 1971

 Burma
2
1961, 1969

 Singapore
1
1973

 Cambodia
–
19632

 Laos
–
–

 South Vietnam
–
–

Hosting tallies from SEA Peninsular Games 1959 to 1975.

text:
Country
Event hosted
Year hosted

 Indonesia
4
1979, 1987, 1997, 2011

 Malaysia
4
1977, 1989, 2001, 20171

 Thailand
3
1985, 1995, 2007

 Philippines
3
1981, 1991, 2005

 Singapore
3
1983, 1993, 20153

 Brunei
1
1999

 Vietnam
1
2003

 Laos
1
2009

 Myanmar
1
2013

 Cambodia
–
–

 Timor-Leste
–
–

Hosting tallies from SEA Games 1977–present.

text:
1 – Only hosted events are counted, the future events are in bracket.
2 – Cambodia was to host the 1963 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, but cancelled due to unsettling circumstances.
3 – Singapore was assigned to host the 2013 Southeast Asian Games, but it chose to give up the rights later.


document_title: List of World Series champions

question_text: who was the last team to win the world series back to back

text: List of World Series champions

text: Winners[edit]

text: Numbers in parentheses in the table are World Series appearances as of the date of that World Series, and are used as follows:

text: Winning team and losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a World Series as well as each respective teams' World Series record to date.

text:
Year

Winning team

Manager

Games

Losing team

Manager

Ref.

1903

Boston Americans (1, 1–0)
Jimmy Collins
5–3[V]
Pittsburgh Pirates (1, 0–1)
Fred Clarke
[8]

1904

No World Series
[1]

1905

New York Giants (1, 1–0)
John McGraw
4–1
Philadelphia Athletics (1, 0–1)
Connie Mack
[9]

1906

Chicago White Sox (1, 1–0)
Fielder Jones
4–2
Chicago Cubs (1, 0–1)
Frank Chance
[10]

1907

Chicago Cubs (2, 1–1)
Frank Chance
4–0–(1)[T]
Detroit Tigers (1, 0–1)
Hugh Jennings
[11]

1908

Chicago Cubs (3, 2–1)
Frank Chance
4–1
Detroit Tigers (2, 0–2)
Hugh Jennings
[12]

1909

Pittsburgh Pirates (2, 1–1)
Fred Clarke
4–3
Detroit Tigers (3, 0–3)
Hugh Jennings
[13]

1910

Philadelphia Athletics (2, 1–1)
Connie Mack
4–1
Chicago Cubs (4, 2–2)
Frank Chance
[14]

1911

Philadelphia Athletics (3, 2–1)
Connie Mack
4–2
New York Giants (2, 1–1)
John McGraw
[15]

1912

Boston Red Sox (2, 2–0)
Jake Stahl
4–3–(1)[T]
New York Giants (3, 1–2)
John McGraw
[16]

1913

Philadelphia Athletics (4, 3–1)
Connie Mack
4–1
New York Giants (4, 1–3)
John McGraw
[17]

1914

Boston Braves (1, 1–0)
George Stallings
4–0
Philadelphia Athletics (5, 3–2)
Connie Mack
[18]

1915

Boston Red Sox (3, 3–0)
Bill Carrigan
4–1
Philadelphia Phillies (1, 0–1)
Pat Moran
[19]

1916

Boston Red Sox (4, 4–0)
Bill Carrigan
4–1
Brooklyn Robins (1, 0–1)
Wilbert Robinson
[20]

1917

Chicago White Sox (2, 2–0)
Pants Rowland
4–2
New York Giants (5, 1–4)
John McGraw
[21]

1918

Boston Red Sox (5, 5–0)
Ed Barrow
4–2
Chicago Cubs (5, 2–3)
Fred Mitchell
[22]

1919

Cincinnati Reds (1, 1–0)
Pat Moran
5–3[V]
Chicago White Sox (3, 2–1)
Kid Gleason
[23]

1920

Cleveland Indians (1, 1–0)
Tris Speaker
5–2[V]
Brooklyn Robins (2, 0–2)
Wilbert Robinson
[24]

1921

New York Giants (6, 2–4)
John McGraw
5–3[V]
New York Yankees (1, 0–1)
Miller Huggins
[25]

1922

New York Giants (7, 3–4)
John McGraw
4–0–(1)[T]
New York Yankees  (2, 0–2)
Miller Huggins
[26]

1923

New York Yankees (3, 1–2)
Miller Huggins
4–2
New York Giants (8, 3–5)
John McGraw
[27]

1924

Washington Senators (1, 1–0)
Bucky Harris
4–3
New York Giants (9, 3–6)
John McGraw
[28]

1925

Pittsburgh Pirates (3, 2–1)
Bill McKechnie
4–3
Washington Senators (2, 1–1)
Bucky Harris
[29]

1926

St. Louis Cardinals (1, 1–0)
Rogers Hornsby
4–3
New York Yankees (4, 1–3)
Miller Huggins
[30]

1927

New York Yankees (5, 2–3)
Miller Huggins
4–0
Pittsburgh Pirates (4, 2–2)
Donie Bush
[31]

1928

New York Yankees (6, 3–3)
Miller Huggins
4–0
St. Louis Cardinals (2, 1–1)
Bill McKechnie
[32]

1929

Philadelphia Athletics (6, 4–2)
Connie Mack
4–1
Chicago Cubs (6, 2–4)
Joe McCarthy
[33]

1930

Philadelphia Athletics (7, 5–2)
Connie Mack
4–2
St. Louis Cardinals (3, 1–2)
Gabby Street
[34]

1931

St. Louis Cardinals (4, 2–2)
Gabby Street
4–3
Philadelphia Athletics (8, 5–3)
Connie Mack
[35]

1932

New York Yankees (7, 4–3)
Joe McCarthy
4–0
Chicago Cubs (7, 2–5)
Charlie Grimm
[36]

1933

New York Giants (10, 4–6)
Bill Terry
4–1
Washington Senators (3, 1–2)
Joe Cronin
[37]

1934

St. Louis Cardinals (5, 3–2)
Frank Frisch
4–3
Detroit Tigers (4, 0–4)
Mickey Cochrane
[38]

1935

Detroit Tigers (5, 1–4)
Mickey Cochrane
4–2
Chicago Cubs (8, 2–6)
Charlie Grimm
[39]

1936

New York Yankees (8, 5–3)
Joe McCarthy
4–2
New York Giants (11, 4–7)
Bill Terry
[40]

1937

New York Yankees (9, 6–3)
Joe McCarthy
4–1
New York Giants (12, 4–8)
Bill Terry
[41]

1938

New York Yankees (10, 7–3)
Joe McCarthy
4–0
Chicago Cubs (9, 2–7)
Gabby Hartnett
[42]

1939

New York Yankees (11, 8–3)
Joe McCarthy
4–0
Cincinnati Reds (2, 1–1)
Bill McKechnie
[43]

1940

Cincinnati Reds (3, 2–1)
Bill McKechnie
4–3
Detroit Tigers (6, 1–5)
Del Baker
[44]

1941

New York Yankees (12, 9–3)
Joe McCarthy
4–1
Brooklyn Dodgers (3, 0–3)
Leo Durocher
[45]

1942

St. Louis Cardinals (6, 4–2)
Billy Southworth
4–1
New York Yankees (13, 9–4)
Joe McCarthy
[46]

1943

New York Yankees (14, 10–4)
Joe McCarthy
4–1
St. Louis Cardinals (7, 4–3)
Billy Southworth
[47]

1944

St. Louis Cardinals (8, 5–3)
Billy Southworth
4–2
St. Louis Browns (1, 0–1)
Luke Sewell
[48]

1945

Detroit Tigers (7, 2–5)
Steve O'Neill
4–3
Chicago Cubs (10, 2–8)
Charlie Grimm
[49]

1946

St. Louis Cardinals (9, 6–3)
Eddie Dyer
4–3
Boston Red Sox (6, 5–1)
Joe Cronin
[50]

1947

New York Yankees (15, 11–4)
Bucky Harris
4–3
Brooklyn Dodgers (4, 0–4)
Burt Shotton
[51]

1948

Cleveland Indians (2, 2–0)
Lou Boudreau
4–2
Boston Braves (2, 1–1)
Billy Southworth
[52]

1949

New York Yankees (16, 12–4)
Casey Stengel
4–1
Brooklyn Dodgers (5, 0–5)
Burt Shotton
[53]

1950

New York Yankees (17, 13–4)
Casey Stengel
4–0
Philadelphia Phillies (2, 0–2)
Eddie Sawyer
[54]

1951

New York Yankees (18, 14–4)
Casey Stengel
4–2
New York Giants (13, 4–9)
Leo Durocher
[55]

1952

New York Yankees (19, 15–4)
Casey Stengel
4–3
Brooklyn Dodgers (6, 0–6)
Charlie Dressen
[56]

1953

New York Yankees (20, 16–4)
Casey Stengel
4–2
Brooklyn Dodgers (7, 0–7)
Charlie Dressen
[57]

1954

New York Giants (14, 5–9)
Leo Durocher
4–0
Cleveland Indians (3, 2–1)
Al Lopez
[58]

1955

Brooklyn Dodgers (8, 1–7)
Walter Alston
4–3
New York Yankees (21, 16–5)
Casey Stengel
[59]

1956

New York Yankees (22, 17–5)
Casey Stengel
4–3
Brooklyn Dodgers (9, 1–8)
Walter Alston
[60]

1957

Milwaukee Braves (3, 2–1)
Fred Haney
4–3
New York Yankees (23, 17–6)
Casey Stengel
[61]

1958

New York Yankees (24, 18–6)
Casey Stengel
4–3
Milwaukee Braves (4, 2–2)
Fred Haney
[62]

1959

Los Angeles Dodgers (10, 2–8)
Walter Alston
4–2
Chicago White Sox (4, 2–2)
Al Lopez
[63]

1960

Pittsburgh Pirates (5, 3–2)
Danny Murtaugh
4–3
New York Yankees (25, 18–7)
Casey Stengel
[64]

1961

New York Yankees (26, 19–7)
Ralph Houk
4–1
Cincinnati Reds (4, 2–2)
Fred Hutchinson
[65]

1962

New York Yankees (27, 20–7)
Ralph Houk
4–3
San Francisco Giants (15, 5–10)
Alvin Dark
[66]

1963

Los Angeles Dodgers (11, 3–8)
Walter Alston
4–0
New York Yankees (28, 20–8)
Ralph Houk
[67]

1964

St. Louis Cardinals  (10, 7–3)
Johnny Keane
4–3
New York Yankees (29, 20–9)
Yogi Berra
[68]

1965

Los Angeles Dodgers (12, 4–8)
Walter Alston
4–3
Minnesota Twins (4, 1–3)
Sam Mele
[69]

1966

Baltimore Orioles (2, 1–1)
Hank Bauer
4–0
Los Angeles Dodgers (13, 4–9)
Walter Alston
[70]

1967

St. Louis Cardinals (11, 8–3)
Red Schoendienst
4–3
Boston Red Sox (7, 5–2)
Dick Williams
[71]

1968

Detroit Tigers (8, 3–5)
Mayo Smith
4–3
St. Louis Cardinals (12, 8–4)
Red Schoendienst
[72]

1969

New York Mets (1, 1–0)
Gil Hodges
4–1
Baltimore Orioles (3, 1–2)
Earl Weaver
[73]

1970

Baltimore Orioles (4, 2–2)
Earl Weaver
4–1
Cincinnati Reds (5, 2–3)
Sparky Anderson
[74]

1971

Pittsburgh Pirates (6, 4–2)
Danny Murtaugh
4–3
Baltimore Orioles (5, 2–3)
Earl Weaver
[75]

1972

Oakland Athletics (9, 6–3)
Dick Williams
4–3
Cincinnati Reds (6, 2–4)
Sparky Anderson
[76]

1973

Oakland Athletics (10, 7–3)
Dick Williams
4–3
New York Mets (2, 1–1)
Yogi Berra
[77]

1974

Oakland Athletics (11, 8–3)
Alvin Dark
4–1
Los Angeles Dodgers (14, 4–10)
Walter Alston
[78]

1975

Cincinnati Reds (7, 3–4)
Sparky Anderson
4–3
Boston Red Sox (8, 5–3)
Darrell Johnson
[79]

1976

Cincinnati Reds (8, 4–4)
Sparky Anderson
4–0
New York Yankees (30, 20–10)
Billy Martin
[80]

1977

New York Yankees (31, 21–10)
Billy Martin
4–2
Los Angeles Dodgers (15, 4–11)
Tommy Lasorda
[81]

1978

New York Yankees (32, 22–10)
Bob Lemon
4–2
Los Angeles Dodgers (16, 4–12)
Tommy Lasorda
[82]

1979

Pittsburgh Pirates (7, 5–2)
Chuck Tanner
4–3
Baltimore Orioles (6, 2–4)
Earl Weaver
[83]

1980

Philadelphia Phillies (3, 1–2)
Dallas Green
4–2
Kansas City Royals (1, 0–1)
Jim Frey
[84]

1981

Los Angeles Dodgers (17, 5–12)
Tommy Lasorda
4–2
New York Yankees (33, 22–11)
Bob Lemon
[85]

1982

St. Louis Cardinals (13, 9–4)
Whitey Herzog
4–3
Milwaukee Brewers[L1]  (1, 0–1)
Harvey Kuenn
[86]

1983

Baltimore Orioles (7, 3–4)
Joe Altobelli
4–1
Philadelphia Phillies (4, 1–3)
Paul Owens
[87]

1984

Detroit Tigers (9, 4–5)
Sparky Anderson
4–1
San Diego Padres (1, 0–1)
Dick Williams
[88]

1985

Kansas City Royals (2, 1–1)
Dick Howser
4–3
St. Louis Cardinals (14, 9–5)
Whitey Herzog
[89]

1986

New York Mets (3, 2–1)
Davey Johnson
4–3
Boston Red Sox (9, 5–4)
John McNamara
[90]

1987

Minnesota Twins (5, 2–3)
Tom Kelly
4–3
St. Louis Cardinals (15, 9–6)
Whitey Herzog
[91]

1988

Los Angeles Dodgers (18, 6–12)
Tommy Lasorda
4–1
Oakland Athletics (12, 8–4)
Tony La Russa
[92]

1989

Oakland Athletics (13, 9–4)
Tony La Russa
4–0
San Francisco Giants (16, 5–11)
Roger Craig
[93]

1990

Cincinnati Reds (9, 5–4)
Lou Piniella
4–0
Oakland Athletics (14, 9–5)
Tony La Russa
[94]

1991

Minnesota Twins (6, 3–3)
Tom Kelly
4–3
Atlanta Braves (5, 2–3)
Bobby Cox
[95]

1992

Toronto Blue Jays (1, 1–0)
Cito Gaston
4–2
Atlanta Braves (6, 2–4)
Bobby Cox
[96]

1993

Toronto Blue Jays (2, 2–0)
Cito Gaston
4–2
Philadelphia Phillies (5, 1–4)
Jim Fregosi
[97]

1994

No World Series due to a players' strike

1995

Atlanta Braves (7, 3–4)
Bobby Cox
4–2
Cleveland Indians (4, 2–2)
Mike Hargrove
[98]

1996

New York Yankees (34, 23–11)
Joe Torre
4–2
Atlanta Braves (8, 3–5)
Bobby Cox
[99]

1997

Florida Marlins[W] (1, 1–0)
Jim Leyland
4–3
Cleveland Indians (5, 2–3)
Mike Hargrove
[100]

1998

New York Yankees (35, 24–11)
Joe Torre
4–0
San Diego Padres (2, 0–2)
Bruce Bochy
[101]

1999

New York Yankees (36, 25–11)
Joe Torre
4–0
Atlanta Braves (9, 3–6)
Bobby Cox
[102]

2000

New York Yankees (37, 26–11)
Joe Torre
4–1
New York Mets[W] (4, 2–2)
Bobby Valentine
[103]

2001

Arizona Diamondbacks (1, 1–0)
Bob Brenly
4–3
New York Yankees (38, 26–12)
Joe Torre
[104]

2002

Anaheim Angels[W] (1, 1–0)
Mike Scioscia
4–3
San Francisco Giants[W] (17, 5–12)
Dusty Baker
[105]

2003

Florida Marlins[W] (2, 2–0)
Jack McKeon
4–2
New York Yankees (39, 26–13)
Joe Torre
[106]

2004

Boston Red Sox[W] (10, 6–4)
Terry Francona
4–0
St. Louis Cardinals (16, 9–7)
Tony La Russa
[107]

2005

Chicago White Sox (5, 3–2)
Ozzie Guillén
4–0
Houston Astros[W][L2] (1, 0–1)
Phil Garner
[108]

2006

St. Louis Cardinals (17, 10–7)
Tony La Russa
4–1
Detroit Tigers[W] (10, 4–6)
Jim Leyland
[109]

2007

Boston Red Sox (11, 7–4)
Terry Francona
4–0
Colorado Rockies[W]  (1, 0–1)
Clint Hurdle
[110]

2008

Philadelphia Phillies (6, 2–4)
Charlie Manuel
4–1
Tampa Bay Rays (1, 0–1)
Joe Maddon
[111]

2009

New York Yankees (40, 27–13)
Joe Girardi
4–2
Philadelphia Phillies (7, 2–5)
Charlie Manuel
[112]

2010

San Francisco Giants (18, 6–12)
Bruce Bochy
4–1
Texas Rangers (1, 0–1)
Ron Washington
[113]

2011

St. Louis Cardinals[W] (18, 11–7)
Tony La Russa
4–3
Texas Rangers (2, 0–2)
Ron Washington
[114]

2012

San Francisco Giants (19, 7–12)
Bruce Bochy
4–0
Detroit Tigers (11, 4–7)
Jim Leyland
[115]

2013

Boston Red Sox (12, 8–4)
John Farrell
4–2
St. Louis Cardinals (19, 11–8)
Mike Matheny
[116]

2014

San Francisco Giants[W]  (20, 8–12)
Bruce Bochy
4–3
Kansas City Royals[W] (3, 1–2)
Ned Yost
[117]

2015

Kansas City Royals (4, 2–2)
Ned Yost
4–1
New York Mets (5, 2–3)
Terry Collins
[118]

2016

Chicago Cubs (11, 3–8)
Joe Maddon
4–3
Cleveland Indians (6, 2–4)
Terry Francona
[119]

2017

Houston Astros[L2] (2, 1–1)
A. J. Hinch
4–3
Los Angeles Dodgers (19, 6–13)
Dave Roberts
[120]

2018

Boston Red Sox (13, 9–4)
Alex  Cora
4–1
Los Angeles Dodgers (20, 6–14)
Dave Roberts
[121]

text: Series appearances by club[edit]

text: Appearances by club[edit]

text:
Apps

Team

League

Series

Most recent

Games

Founded

won

lost

win %

win

app.

won

lost

tied

win %

mostrecentwin

40

New York Yankees

AL
27
13
.675
2009
2009
134
90
1
.598
2009
1903

20

San Francisco Giants (New York)

NL
8
12
.400
2014
2014
57
57
2
.500
2014
1883

20

Los Angeles Dodgers (Brooklyn)

NL
6
14
.300
1988
2018
48
64
0
.429
2018
1884

19

St. Louis Cardinals

NL
11
8
.579
2011
2013
58
60
0
.492
2013
1882

14

Oakland Athletics (Kansas City/Philadelphia)

AL
9
5
.643
1989
1990
41
34
0
.547
1989
1901

13

Boston Red Sox

AL
9
4
.692
2018
2018
45
28
1
.620
2018
1901

11

Detroit Tigers

AL
4
7
.364
1984
2012
27
37
1
.423
2006
1901

11

Chicago Cubs

NL
3
8
.273
2016
2016
23
36
1
.392
2016
1870

9

Cincinnati Reds

NL
5
4
.556
1990
1990
26
25
0
.510
1990
1881

9

Atlanta Braves (Milwaukee/Boston)

NL
3
6
.333
1995
1999
24
29
0
.453
1996
1871

7

Pittsburgh Pirates

NL
5
2
.714
1979
1979
23
24
0
.489
1979
1887

7

Baltimore Orioles (St. Louis Browns/Milwaukee Brewers)

AL
3
4
.429
1983
1983
21
18
0
.538
1983
1900

7

Philadelphia Phillies

NL
2
5
.286
2008
2009
14
23
0
.378
2009
1883

6

Minnesota Twins (Washington Senators (1901-60)

AL
3
3
.500
1991
1991
19
21
0
.475
1991
1901

6

Cleveland Indians

AL
2
4
.333
1948
2016
17
20
0
.459
2016
1901

5

Chicago White Sox

AL
3
2
.600
2005
2005
17
13
0
.567
2005
1900

5

New York Mets

NL
2
3
.400
1986
2015
13
16
0
.448
2015
1962

4

Kansas City Royals

AL
2
2
.500
2015
2015
13
12
0
.520
2015
1969

2

Miami Marlins (Florida)

NL
2
0
1.000
2003
2003
8
5
0
.615
2003
1993

2

Toronto Blue Jays

AL
2
0
1.000
1993
1993
8
4
0
.667
1993
1977

2

Houston Astros

NL/AL[L2]
1
1
.500
2017
2017
4
7
0
.364
2017
1962

2

Texas Rangers (Washington Senators (1961-71)

AL
0
2
.000
—
2011
4
8
0
.333
2011
1961

2

San Diego Padres

NL
0
2
.000
—
1998
1
8
0
.111
1984
1969

1

Los Angeles Angels (Anaheim/California)

AL
1
0
1.000
2002
2002
4
3
0
.571
2002
1961

1

Arizona Diamondbacks

NL
1
0
1.000
2001
2001
4
3
0
.571
2001
1998

1

Tampa Bay Rays

AL
0
1
.000
—
2008
1
4
0
.200
2008
1998

1

Colorado Rockies

NL
0
1
.000
—
2007
0
4
0
.000
—
1993

1

Milwaukee Brewers (Seattle Pilots)

AL/NL[L1]
0
1
.000
—
1982
3
4
0
.429
1982
1969

0

Washington Nationals (Montreal Expos)

NL
0
0
—
—
—
0
0
0
–
—
1969

0

Seattle Mariners

AL
0
0
—
—
—
0
0
0
–
—
1977

text: Years of appearance[edit]

text: In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by year of first appearance. In the "Season(s)" column, bold years indicate winning World Series appearances.

text:
Apps

Team

Wins

Losses

Win %

Season(s)

40

New York Yankees

27
13
.675
1921, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2009

20

San Francisco Giants (New York)

8
12
.400
1905, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1917, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1933, 1936, 1937, 1951, 1954, 1962, 1989, 2002, 2010, 2012, 2014

20

Los Angeles Dodgers (Brooklyn)

6
14
.300
1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, 2018

19

St. Louis Cardinals

11
8
.579
1926, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1982, 1985, 1987, 2004, 2006, 2011, 2013

14

Oakland Athletics (Kansas City/Philadelphia)

9
5
.643
1905, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1988, 1989, 1990

13

Boston Red Sox (Americans)

9
4
.692
1903, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1946, 1967, 1975, 1986, 2004, 2007, 2013, 2018

11

Detroit Tigers

4
7
.364
1907, 1908, 1909, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2006, 2012

11

Chicago Cubs

3
8
.273
1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1918, 1929, 1932, 1935, 1938, 1945, 2016

9

Cincinnati Reds

5
4
.556
1919, 1939, 1940, 1961, 1970, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1990

9

Atlanta Braves (Milwaukee/Boston)

3
6
.333
1914, 1948, 1957, 1958, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1999

7

Pittsburgh Pirates

5
2
.714
1903, 1909, 1925, 1927, 1960, 1971, 1979

7

Baltimore Orioles (St. Louis Browns/Milwaukee Brewers)

3
4
.429
1944, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1979, 1983

7

Philadelphia Phillies

2
5
.286
1915, 1950, 1980, 1983, 1993, 2008, 2009

6

Minnesota Twins (Washington Senators)

3
3
.500
1924, 1925, 1933, 1965, 1987, 1991

6

Cleveland Indians

2
4
.333
1920, 1948, 1954, 1995, 1997, 2016

5

Chicago White Sox

3
2
.600
1906, 1917, 1919, 1959, 2005

5

New York Mets

2
3
.400
1969, 1973, 1986, 2000, 2015

4

Kansas City Royals

2
2
.500
1980, 1985, 2014, 2015

2

Toronto Blue Jays

2
0
1.000
1992, 1993

2

Miami Marlins (Florida)

2
0
1.000
1997, 2003

2

Houston Astros

1
1
.500
2005, 2017

2

San Diego Padres

0
2
.000
1984, 1998

2

Texas Rangers (Washington Senators)

0
2
.000
2010, 2011

1

Arizona Diamondbacks

1
0
1.000
2001

1

Los Angeles Angels(Anaheim/California/Los Angeles)

1
0
1.000
2002

1

Milwaukee Brewers (Seattle Pilots)

0
1
.000
1982

1

Colorado Rockies

0
1
.000
2007

1

Tampa Bay Rays

0
1
.000
2008

0

Washington Nationals (Montreal Expos)

0
0
—

0

Seattle Mariners

0
0
—

text: Frequent matchups[edit]

text: The following are the 20 matchups of teams that have occurred two or more times in the World Series. All teams which have participated in these were "Classic Eight" members of either the American or National League; no expansion team (created in 1961 or later) has faced an opponent more than once in a World Series.

text:
Count

Matchup

Record

Years

11

Brooklyn & Los Angeles Dodgers vs. New York Yankees

Yankees, 8–3

1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1963, 1977, 1978, 1981

7

New York Yankees vs. New York & San Francisco Giants

Yankees, 5–2

1921, 1922, 1923, 1936, 1937, 1951, 1962

5

New York Yankees vs. St. Louis Cardinals

Cardinals, 3–2

1926, 1928, 1942, 1943, 1964

4

Milwaukee & Atlanta Braves vs. New York Yankees

Yankees, 3–1

1957, 1958, 1996, 1999

4

Boston Red Sox vs. St. Louis Cardinals

Tied, 2–2

1946, 1967, 2004, 2013

4

Chicago Cubs vs. Detroit Tigers

Tied, 2–2

1907, 1908, 1935, 1945

4

Philadelphia & Oakland Athletics vs. New York & San Francisco Giants

Athletics, 3–1

1905, 1911, 1913, 1989

3

Cincinnati Reds vs. New York Yankees

Yankees, 2–1

1939, 1961, 1976

3

Detroit Tigers vs. St. Louis Cardinals

Cardinals, 2–1

1934, 1968, 2006

2

Boston & Atlanta Braves vs. Cleveland Indians

Tied, 1–1

1948, 1995

2

Baltimore Orioles vs. Pittsburgh Pirates

Pirates, 2–0

1971, 1979

2

Chicago Cubs vs. New York Yankees

Yankees, 2–0

1932, 1938

2

Chicago Cubs vs. Philadelphia Athletics (now Oakland)

Athletics, 2–0

1910, 1929

2

Cincinnati Reds vs. Oakland Athletics

Tied, 1–1

1972, 1990

2

Los Angeles Dodgers vs. Oakland Athletics

Tied, 1–1

1974, 1988

2

Washington Senators (now Minnesota Twins) vs. New York Giants (now San Francisco)

Tied, 1–1

1924, 1933

2

New York Yankees vs. Philadelphia Phillies

Yankees, 2–0

1950, 2009

2

New York Yankees vs. Pittsburgh Pirates

Tied, 1–1

1927, 1960

2

Philadelphia Athletics (now Oakland) vs. St. Louis Cardinals

Tied, 1–1

1930, 1931

2

Boston Red Sox vs. Brooklyn & Los Angeles Dodgers

Red Sox, 2–0

1916, 2018

text: Notes[edit]

text:
T  The 1907, 1912, and 1922 World Series each included one tied game.
V  The 1903, 1919, 1920, and 1921 World Series were in a best-of-nine format (carried by the first team to win five games).
W  Indicates a team which made the playoffs as a wild card team (rather than by winning a division).[1]
L1  The Brewers were in the American League from 1969–1997, after which they switched to the National League.[122]
L2  The Astros were in the National League from 1962–2012, after which they switched to the American League.


document_title: Merlin (series 5)

question_text: why did arthur die at the end of merlin

question_tokens: why did arthur die at the end of merlin

text: Merlin (series 5)

text: Plot[edit]

text: After three years of peace and harmony, Camelot's future couldn't appear brighter. But as Merlin helps King Arthur to bring the kingdom into a Golden Age, the seeds of Camelot's destruction are being sown as the sorceress Morgana resumes plotting Arthur's downfall.

text: When an old face returns to the castle and gains a position amongst the king's inner circle, Merlin must be on guard more than ever. For the new arrival is the sorcerer Mordred, the Druid boy whose destiny it is to end the King's life and bring chaos to Camelot. As the death song of King Uther haunts the castle and Guinevere crosses over to the dark side, both Merlin and Arthur find that their destinies are approaching. The battle for Camelot is about to reach a deadly conclusion and nothing will ever be the same again.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Colin Morgan as Merlin
Bradley James as Arthur Pendragon
Katie McGrath as Morgana Pendragon
Angel Coulby as Guinevere
Richard Wilson as Gaius
John Hurt as Kilgharrah (voice)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Eoin Macken as Sir Gwaine
Rupert Young as Sir Leon
Adetomiwa Edun as Sir Elyan
Tom Hopper as Sir Percival
Alexander Vlahos as Mordred

text: Guest star[edit]

text:
Stephen McCole as Ragnor
Matthew Prowse as Saxon
Liam Cunningham as Ruadan
James Fox as King Rodor
Alfie Stewart as Daegal
John Bradley West as Tyr Seward
Julian Glover as Lochru
Anthony Head as Uther Pendragon
Erin Richards as Eira
Tony Guilfoyle as Sindri
Peter Guinness as Ari
Kelly Wenham as Queen Mab
Jane Thorne as Valdis
Sophie Rundle as Sefa
Josette Simon as The Euchdag
Barry Aird as Beroun
Frances Tomelty as Disir
Alexandra Dowling as Kara
Gordon Munro as Alrick
John Shrapnel as King Sarrum

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [2]

53
1
"Arthur's Bane - Part 1"
Justin Molotnikov
Julian Jones
6 October 2012 (2012-10-06)
7.12

Camelot is three years into her Golden Age, but already the seeds of her destruction are being sown. After news that Sir Gwaine and a battalion of Camelot's finest were lost in a patrol in the northern lands of Ismere, Camelot's round table comes to the conclusion that Morgana is behind this. Arthur sets off on a perilous journey with Merlin and a handful of knights to rescue the men. On the way, Merlin is shown a frightening vision of Arthur's death. Meanwhile, behind the walls of Camelot, Queen Guinevere must seek out a traitor who has put everyone's lives at stake.

54
2
"Arthur's Bane - Part 2"
Justin Molotnikov
Julian Jones
13 October 2012 (2012-10-13)
6.99

Merlin is troubled by Mordred's reappearance, despite the kindness the latter shows to both Merlin and Arthur. After escaping from the Saxons, Merlin and Arthur continue their journey to Morgana's tower in Ismere, while Mordred travels with the Saxons on the same path. In the tower, Arthur and Merlin disguise themselves as Saxons, but Arthur is intercepted by Morgana. Merlin attempts to save him but is incapacitated. Mordred ultimately saves Arthur in an unexpected turn of events. He is then knighted in Camelot, but Merlin is still wary of him.

55
3
"The Death Song of Uther Pendragon"
Justin Molotnikov
Howard Overman
20 October 2012 (2012-10-20)
6.86

When given the chance to see his father one last time, Arthur takes it. Little does he know, however, that Uther is one step ahead of him, and his actions have devastating consequences. With Uther's spirit on the rampage in Camelot, Merlin knows that they must work fast to eradicate the ghost of the old king. Thus, Arthur must hunt down his father and prove to him, once and for all, that he is now truly King.

56
4
"Another's Sorrow"
Ashley Way
Jake Michie
27 October 2012 (2012-10-27)
6.86

When Princess Mithian of Nemeth, a long-standing ally of Camelot, comes to Arthur seeking aid as her father has been captured by the long-time enemy of Camelot, Odin, he is quick to grant it. But Merlin fears there is something sinister at play, particularly due to the odd behavior of Mithian's nurse, Hilda. Unable to persuade the king of his suspicions, Merlin joins Arthur, Gaius, Mithian, Hilda, and a handful of knights on a journey to rescue Mithian's father, Rodor.

57
5
"The Disir"
Ashley Way
Richard McBrien
3 November 2012 (2012-11-03)
6.88

The Disir summon King Arthur to receive the judgement of the Triple Goddess and Arthur decides to respond. All does not go as planned, and the King and his knights' recklessness leave Mordred gravely wounded. Desperate, Arthur decides to petition the Disir for help, and he and Merlin seek them out again. The Disir give Arthur an ultimatum: embrace magic, or the Triple Goddess will seal his fate against him. Merlin seizes what he sees as the opportunity to kill Mordred and reminds Arthur that there is no place for magic in Camelot. The Disir seal Arthur's fate and when he returns, Mordred is well again. Merlin realises only then what happened; in not embracing magic, Arthur sealed his fate; Mordred lives.

58
6
"The Dark Tower"
Ashley Way
Julian Jones
10 November 2012 (2012-11-10)
6.85

Gwen and Elyan are on a pilgrimage to their father's grave. However, on the journey back, Gwen is captured by Morgana. At the news, Arthur and his knights ride out on a rescue mission. Morgana begins a slow process of torturing Gwen using mandrake root. Arthur and the others arrive at the Dark Tower, where Gwen is kept, and Elyan surges ahead, finding his sister trapped by a magically protective sword. He fights with the sword until he dies in Gwen's arms. Arthur brings Gwen back to Camelot where Elyan's funeral is held. However, at night, Gwen sneaks to a meeting with Morgana as they begin their conspiracy against Camelot.

59
7
"A Lesson in Vengeance"
Alice Troughton
Jake Michie
17 November 2012 (2012-11-17)
6.86

Strange events are occurring in Camelot, and all of them seem to bring harm to the King. Tyr, a stable-hand, gets caught in the cross-fire and Morgana fears that he will reveal the secret of Guinevere being a traitor. Merlin becomes suspicious of Gwen, quickly realising that Morgana must have done something to her. Tyr is found dead before he can report any news, and the attempts to kill Arthur continue. Finally, Gwen manages to poison Arthur, forcing Merlin to use his magic to save the King.

60
8
"The Hollow Queen"
Alice Troughton
Julian Jones
24 November 2012 (2012-11-24)
6.86

When Daegal, a Druid boy, asks for Merlin's aid in helping his sick sister, Merlin agrees and begins the journey to the Valley of the Fallen Kings. This turns out to be a trap for Merlin set by Morgana. Daegal reconsiders, and saves Merlin. In the meantime, Arthur is entertaining the fearsome Lord Sarrum with peace treaties. Guinevere plots Arthur's assassination with the visiting warlord. Morgana and Gwen plan to double cross Sarrum, but Sarrum plans to do the same. On the day of the treaty signing, Sarrum positions an assassin to kill Arthur. Merlin and Daegal arrive just in time to save Arthur and kill Sarrum, but Daegal dies in the process. Merlin and Gaius bury Daegal, and Merlin knows that something must be done about Gwen.

61
9
"With All My Heart"
Alice Troughton
Richard McBrien
1 December 2012 (2012-12-01)
6.76

Merlin reveals Guinevere's betrayal to Arthur. Merlin resolves to bring the old Gwen back and Gaius suggests that he travel to the Dochraid. Under threat, the Dochraid explains that Gwen must enter a magic lake willingly to be cleansed by the White Goddess. Arthur, Merlin and Mordred take the unconscious Gwen to the lake where Merlin takes on the guise of Dolma, a female sorceress, to perform the ceremony. Arthur must use Gwen's love for him to convince her to enter the lake. Merlin, still in disguise, asks Arthur not to forget that magic saved his Queen. Mordred confronts Merlin on the way back knowing that the magic that saved Gwen was his.

62
10
"The Kindness of Strangers"
Declan O'Dwyer
Richard McBrien
8 December 2012 (2012-12-08)
7.00

Morgana is determined to discover Emrys' identity. She captures Alator, who possesses this knowledge, but he refuses to reveal it. Meanwhile, a mysterious woman tells Merlin to meet her in the woods. Merlin goes, and finds she is a follower of Alator, named Finna. They are attacked by knights from Camelot, and Finna flees. Morgana finds a note sent from Finna to Alator and begins searching for her. Merlin reaches her first and they talk, before being attacked by Morgana's men. Merlin is wounded, but they manage to escape and Finna delivers Arthur's destiny to Merlin. She takes Merlin's sword and tells him to flee. Morgana arrives and confronts Finna, asking for Emrys' identity, but Finna commits suicide with Merlin's sword.

63
11
"The Drawing of the Dark"
Declan O'Dwyer
Julian Jones
15 December 2012 (2012-12-15)
7.34

Kara, a Druid girl and Mordred's love, is involved in a Saxon attack on a Camelot supply wagon. Mordred lets her escape and treats her injuries. Kara is discovered by Arthur and arrested after attempting to kill him. She is sentenced to hang. Mordred makes an unsuccessful attempt to flee with Kara, and they are both jailed. Arthur gives Kara the chance to repent. She refuses, and her sentence is carried out. Mordred breaks his cell open in a magical rage as Kara is hanged. He seeks Morgana, joins her forces and reveals Emrys' identity.

64
12
"The Diamond of the Day - Part 1"
Justin Molotnikov
Jake Michie
22 December 2012 (2012-12-22)
8.45

Morgana succeeds in stripping Merlin of his magic and he is helpless to aid Arthur who has decided to meet Morgana's forces at Camlann. To regain his magic Merlin travels to the Crystal Cave in the Valley of the Fallen Kings. Using a spy, Morgana tracks and entombs Merlin in the Cave. Awakened by a vision of his father, Merlin's magic is restored and he warns Arthur of Morgana's battle plans while the King sleeps. The battle commences and Merlin emerges from the Cave as Emrys.

65
13
"The Diamond of the Day - Part 2"
Justin Molotnikov
Julian Jones
24 December 2012 (2012-12-24)
7.80

Emrys arrives at Camlann, and uses his magic to knock Morgana unconscious, order Aithusa to leave, and strike down many of Morgana's men. The battle culminates in Mordred dealing Arthur a fatal wound, only to receive one in return. While tending to Arthur, Merlin confesses that he is a sorcerer. Arthur's only chance of survival is the powers of the Sidhe of Avalon, so Merlin sets out to reach the lake. In Camelot, Morgana's spy is discovered and hanged, leading Gwaine, along with Percival, to hunt down Morgana. However, she overpowers them and magically tortures Gwaine into confessing Arthur's whereabouts; Gwaine passes out shortly afterwards in Percival's arms. Morgana catches up with Merlin and Arthur and drives their horses away, but she is killed by Merlin wielding Excalibur. Without horses, Merlin cannot get Arthur to the Isle in time, and the King of Camelot dies in Merlin's arms, after thanking his friend for everything he has done. Merlin beseeches the Great Dragon to carry Arthur's body to the Isle, and the Dragon does so. As Merlin desperately tries to drag Arthur's body to the lake, the Great Dragon tells Merlin he has succeeded, and that as the Once and Future King, Arthur will rise again in Albion's greatest hour of need. As the Dragon departs, Merlin flings Excalibur into the waters of Avalon and sends Arthur's body after it. Guinevere ascends the throne of Camelot. In the present day, it seems an immortal Merlin still waits for the Once and Future King to rise again.


document_title: Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree

question_text: where did the nyc tree come from this year

text: Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree

text: Selection and decoration[edit]

text: Trees are traditionally donated to Rockefeller Center, which in turn donates the lumber after display. Until his death in 2009, the late David Murbach,[4] Manager of the Gardens Division of Rockefeller Center, scouted for the desired tree in upstate New York and surrounding states, and even Ottawa, Canada.[5]

text: The trees are now scouted by Erik Pauzé, Head Gardener at Rockefeller Center. Pauzé visits nurseries throughout the tri-state area while keeping his eye out for one-of-a-kind backyard trees. Trees may also be submitted for consideration through Rockefeller Center's web site. Pauzé and his team choose each year’s tree based on its heartiness and “Christmas tree shape,” as well as its ability to support the heavy ornaments.[6]

text: Once a tree is selected, a crane supports the tree while it is cut, then moved to a custom telescoping trailer able to transport trees up to 125 feet (38 m) tall, although the width of city streets around Rockefeller Center limits the height of the tree to 100 feet (30 m). Local business Christmas Tree Brooklyn provides support in delivering the tree safely into the city. On its way to Manhattan, the tree is often dressed in giant red bows or banners extending holiday greetings to witnesses. Trucks, barges, and even a transport plane have all been used to help the tree make the trip.[7]

text: Once at Rockefeller Center, the tree is supported[8] by four guy-wires attached at its midpoint and by a steel spike at its base. Scaffolding is erected around the tree to assist workers in hanging about 50,000 multi-colored LED lights and the star top.[9] The crystal star that has topped the tree since 2004 is 9.5 feet (2.9 m) in diameter and weighs 550 pounds (250 kg). This "Swarovski Star," containing 25,000 Swarovski crystals, 1 million facets, and LED lights, was created by German artist Michael Hammers.[10][11]

text: History[edit]

text: Although the official Christmas tree tradition at Rockefeller Center began in 1933 (the year 30 Rockefeller Plaza opened), an unofficial tradition began during the Depression-era construction of the Center, when workers decorated a smaller 20 foot (6.1 m) balsam fir with "strings of cranberries, garlands of paper, and even a few tin cans" on Christmas Eve (December 24, 1931), as recounted by Daniel Okrent in his history of Rockefeller Center.[12] According to Rockefeller Center, workers pooled their money for that unlit tree, with the garlands made by workers' families.

text: With the lighting of the 50-foot-tall (15 m) first official tree two years later, the tree became what Rockefeller Center dubbed "a holiday beacon for New Yorkers and visitors alike." A skating rink was opened below the tree in the plaza in 1936.[2] Rockefeller Center has observed the tree to be "from the beginning ... a gathering place and reflection of what was happening in the world around it."[13]

text: World War II ushered in simple, patriotic decorations, including red, white and blue unlit globes and painted wooden stars. In 1942, instead of one large tree, three more modest trees were raised, each decorated in one of the flag's colors. From 1944 until the war's end in 1945, the tree went unlit due to blackout regulations.[2] After the war, the year of darkness was left behind, as six ultraviolet light projectors were employed to make it appear as though the tree’s 700 fluorescent globes were glowing in the dark.[2]

text: By the 1950s, workers began using scaffolding to decorate the tree, as larger trees were accommodated. Before the decade was over, the decorating process called for 20 workers and nine days.[14] 1951 marked the first time that NBC televised the tree lighting with a special on "The Kate Smith Show."[2]

text: In 1969, artist Valerie Clarebout’s towering wire herald angels were added to the Channel Gardens in front of the tree near Fifth Avenue. Clarebout created the 12 sculptures using 75 points of metal wire each.[15]

text: The 1971 tree, a 65-footer from East Montpelier, Vt., was the first to be mulched and recycled. It was turned into 30 three-bushel bags of mulch for the nature trails of upper Manhattan. Though the tree typically makes its journey on a truck bed, in 1998 it was flown in from Richfield, Ohio on the world’s largest transport plane.[2]

text: 1999 saw Rockefeller Center's tallest tree, a 100 foot (30 m) spruce from Killingworth, Conn.[16] In 2001, following the events of September 11, the tree was again decorated in hues of red, white and blue.[17]

text: In 2007, the tree went "green", converting to energy-efficient lighting with LEDs.[18] [19] The LEDs use 1,200 fewer kilowatts of electricity per day, enough to power a 2,000-square-foot home for a month.[2]

text: Also since 2007, each year after display, the tree has been milled into lumber and donated to Habitat for Humanity for use in house construction. [20]

text: The 2016 tree, a Norway Spruce from Oneonta, N.Y., is at 94 feet high the second tallest ever erected at Rockefeller Center. At 56 feet wide and over 30,000 pounds, the tree is the widest and heaviest to date, according to construction crews. [21]

text: Since 2011, the tree lighting ceremony has been followed by the singing of Joy to the World.

text: The decorated tree remains on display at Rockefeller Plaza, between West 48th and 51st Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues, at least through January 6 of the new year.

text: More than a half million people pass by the tree each day while it is on display, according to Rockefeller Center.[22]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Since 1997, the lighting ceremony has been broadcast live on NBC in the first hour of primetime, live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and on tape elsewhere.[23] The ceremony is hosted by Today's Al Roker and Savannah Guthrie.

text: Yearly tree details[edit]

text:
Year
Original location
Tree type
Height
Lighting

2017
State College, PA[24]
Norway spruce
75 ft
November 29, 2017

2016
Oneonta, NY[25]
Norway spruce
94 ft
November 30, 2016

2015
Gardiner, NY[26]
Norway spruce
78 ft
December 2, 2015

2014
Danville, PA[27]
Norway spruce
85 ft
December 3, 2014

2013
Shelton, CT[28]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 4, 2013

2012
Flanders, NJ[29]
Norway spruce
80 ft
November 28, 2012

2011
Mifflinville, PA
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2011

2010
Mahopac, NY[30]
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2010

2009
Easton, CT[31]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 2, 2009

2008
Hamilton, NJ[32]
Norway spruce
72 ft
December 3, 2008

2007
Shelton, CT[33]
Norway spruce
84 ft
November 28, 2007

2006
Ridgefield, CT[34]
Norway spruce
88 ft
November 29, 2006

2005
Wayne, NJ[35]
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2005

2004
Suffern, NY[36]
Norway spruce
71 ft
November 30, 2004

2003
Manchester, CT[36]
Norway spruce
79 ft
December 3, 2003

2002
Bloomsbury, NJ[37]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 4, 2002

2001
Wayne, NJ
Norway spruce
81 ft
November 28, 2001

2000
Buchanan, NY[38]
Norway spruce
80 ft
November 29, 2000

1999
Killingworth, CT[39]
Norway spruce
100 ft*
December 1, 1999

1998
Richfield, OH[40]
Norway spruce
75 ft
December 2, 1998

1997
Stony Point, NY
Norway spruce
70 ft
December 2, 1997

1996
Armonk, NY[41]
Norway spruce
90 ft
December 3, 1996

1995
Mendham, NJ
Norway spruce
75 ft
December 5, 1995

1994
Ridgefield, CT
Norway spruce
85 ft
December 2, 1994

1989
Montebello, NY[42]
Norway spruce
70 ft

1986
Nanuet, NY[43]
Norway spruce
68 ft

1980
Mahwah, NJ[44]
Norway spruce
70 ft

1978
Mahwah, NJ[45]
Norway spruce
75 ft

1963
Rockaway, NJ
Bruce Fir, Veit
84 ft

1957
Brighton, VT[46]
White spruce
67 ft

text: *Tallest Tree on Record


document_title: Allegory of the Cave

question_text: who is the freed prisoner in the allegory of the cave

text: Allegory of the Cave

text: Terminology[edit]

text: The allegory of the cave is also called the analogy of the cave, myth of the cave, metaphor of the cave, parable of the cave, and Plato's Cave.[2]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Imprisonment in the cave[edit]

text: Plato begins by having Socrates ask Glaucon to imagine a cave where people have been imprisoned from birth. These prisoners are chained so that their legs and necks are fixed, forcing them to gaze at the wall in front of them and not look around at the cave, each other, or themselves (514a–b).[3] Behind the prisoners is a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway with a low wall, behind which people walk carrying objects or puppets "of men and other living things" (514b).[3] The people walk behind the wall so their bodies do not cast shadows for the prisoners to see, but the objects they carry do ("just as puppet showmen have screens in front of them at which they work their puppets" (514a)[3]). The prisoners cannot see any of what is happening behind them, they are only able to see the shadows cast upon the cave wall in front of them. The sounds of the people talking echo off the walls, and the prisoners believe these sounds come from the shadows (514c).[3]

text: Socrates suggests that the shadows are reality for the prisoners because they have never seen anything else; they do not realize that what they see are shadows of objects in front of a fire, much less that these objects are inspired by real things outside the cave which they do not see (514b-515a).[3]

text: Departure from the cave[edit]

text: Plato then supposes that one prisoner is freed. This prisoner would look around and see the fire. The light would hurt his eyes and make it difficult for him to see the objects casting the shadows. If he were told that what he is seeing is real instead of the other version of reality he sees on the wall, he would not believe it. In his pain, Plato continues, the freed prisoner would turn away and run back to what he is accustomed to (that is, the shadows of the carried objects). He writes "... it would hurt his eyes, and he would escape by turning away to the things which he was able to look at, and these he would believe to be clearer than what was being shown to him."[3]

text: Plato continues: "Suppose... that someone should drag him... by force, up the rough ascent, the steep way up, and never stop until he could drag him out into the light of the sun."[3] The prisoner would be angry and in pain, and this would only worsen when the radiant light of the sun overwhelms his eyes and blinds him.[3]

text: "Slowly, his eyes adjust to the light of the sun. First he can only see shadows. Gradually he can see the reflections of people and things in water and then later see the people and things themselves. Eventually, he is able to look at the stars and moon at night until finally he can look upon the sun itself (516a)."[3] Only after he can look straight at the sun "is he able to reason about it" and what it is (516b).[3] (See also Plato's Analogy of the Sun, which occurs near the end of The Republic, Book VI.[4])

text: Return to the cave[edit]

text: Plato continues, saying that the freed prisoner would think that the world outside the cave was superior to the world he experienced in the cave; "he would bless himself for the change, and pity [the other prisoners]" and would want to bring his fellow cave dwellers out of the cave and into the sunlight (516c).[3]

text: The returning prisoner, whose eyes have become accustomed to the sunlight, would be blind when he re-enters the cave, just as he was when he was first exposed to the sun (516e).[3] The prisoners, according to Plato, would infer from the returning man's blindness that the journey out of the cave had harmed him and that they should not undertake a similar journey. Socrates concludes that the prisoners, if they were able, would therefore reach out and kill anyone who attempted to drag them out of the cave (517a).[3]

text: Symbolism[edit]

text: The allegory contains many forms of symbolism used to describe the state of the world. The cave is a symbol of the world and the prisoners are those who inhabit the world.  The chains that prevent the prisoners from leaving the cave represent ignorance, meaning they interfere with the prisoners seeing the truth. The shadows cast on the walls of the cave represent what people see in the present world. Last, the freed prisoner represents those in society who see the physical world for the illusion that it is.[5][better source needed]

text: Themes in the allegory appearing elsewhere in Plato's work[edit]

text: The allegory is probably related to Plato's theory of Forms, according to which the "Forms" (or "Ideas"), and not the material world known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. Only knowledge of the Forms constitutes real knowledge or what Socrates considers "the good".[6] Socrates informs Glaucon that the most excellent people must follow the highest of all studies, which is to behold the Good. Those who have ascended to this highest level, however, must not remain there but must return to the cave and dwell with the prisoners, sharing in their labors and honors.

text: Plato's Phaedo contains similar imagery to that of the allegory of the Cave; a philosopher recognizes that before philosophy, his soul was "a veritable prisoner fast bound within his body... and that instead of investigating reality of itself and in itself is compelled to peer through the bars of a prison."[7]

text: Scholarly discussion[edit]

text: Scholars debate the possible interpretations of the allegory of the Cave, either looking at it from an epistemological standpoint – one based on the study of how Plato believes we come to know things – or through a political (Politeia) lens.[6] Much of the scholarship on the allegory falls between these two perspectives, with some completely independent of either. The epistemological view and the political view, fathered by Richard Lewis Nettleship and A.S. Ferguson respectively, tend to be discussed most frequently.[6] Nettleship interprets the allegory of the cave as representative of our innate intellectual incapacity, in order to contrast our lesser understanding with that of the philosopher, as well as an allegory about people who are unable or unwilling to seek truth and wisdom.[8] Ferguson, on the other hand, bases his interpretation of the allegory on the claim that the cave is an allegory of human nature and that it symbolizes the opposition between the philosopher and the corruption of the prevailing political condition.[7][8]

text: Cleavages have emerged within these respective camps of thought, however. Much of the modern scholarly debate surrounding the allegory has emerged from Martin Heidegger's exploration of the allegory, and philosophy as a whole, through the lens of human freedom in his book The Essence of Human Freedom: An Introduction to Philosophy and The Essence of Truth: On Plato's Cave Allegory and Theaetetus.[9] In response, Hannah Arendt, an advocate of the political interpretation of the allegory, suggests that through the allegory, Plato “wanted to apply his own theory of ideas to politics”.[10] Conversely, Heidegger argues that the essence of truth is a way of being and not an object.[11] Arendt criticized Heidegger’s interpretation of the allegory, noting that “Heidegger…is off base in using the cave simile to interpret and “criticize” Plato’s theory of ideas”.[10]

text: Other scholarly literature[edit]

text: The following is a list of supplementary scholarly literature on the Allegory of the Cave that includes articles from epistemological, political, alternative, and independent viewpoints on the allegory:

text:
Alan Kim: Shades of Truth: Phenomenological Perspectives on the Allegory of the Cave
Gabriel Zamosc: The Political Significance of Plato's Allegory of the Cave
Dimitra Mitta: Reading Platonic Myths from a Ritualistic Point of View: Gyges' Ring and the Cave Allegory
William McNiell: The Essence of Human Freedom: An Introduction to Philosophy and the Essence of Truth: On Plato's Cave Allegory and Thaetetus
Maureen Eckert: Cinematic Spelunking Inside Plato's Cave
Boaz Tsabar: "Poverty and Resourcefulness": On the Formative Significance of Eros in Educational Practice
J. Malcolm: The Cave Revisited
N. R. Murphy: The 'Simile of Light' in Plato's Republic

text: Influence[edit]

text: The themes and imagery of Plato's cave have appeared throughout Western thought and culture. Some examples include:

text:
Evolutionary biologist Jeremy Griffith's book A Species In Denial includes the chapter Deciphering Plato’s Cave Allegory.[12]
The films The Conformist, The Matrix, Dark City, The Truman Show and City of Ember model Plato's Allegory of the Cave.[13][14]
The Cave by José Saramago culminates in the discovery of Plato's Cave underneath the Center, "an immense complex fusing the functions of an office tower, a shopping mall and a condominium."[15]
Emma Donoghue acknowledges the influence of Plato's Allegory of the Cave on her novel Room.[16]
Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 explores the themes of reality and perception also explored in Plato's Allegory of the Cave and Bradbury even references Plato's work in the novel.[17][18]
José Carlos Somoza's novel The Athenian Murders is presented as a murder mystery but features many references to Plato's philosophy including the allegory of the cave.[19]
Novelist James Reich argues Nicholas Ray's film Rebel Without a Cause, starring James Dean, Natalie Wood, and Sal Mineo as John "Plato" Crawford is influenced by and enacts aspects of the allegory of the cave.[20]
The 2013 movie After the Dark also features a scene which references Plato's Cave.


document_title: Anything but Mine

question_text: what is kenny chesney song anything but mine about

text: Anything but Mine

text: Content[edit]

text: The song is a mid-tempo ballad in which the narrator recalls a teen-aged encounter with a female, during a late summer vacation in a beach town. In the chorus, he explains that although he has to leave the next day to his home in Cleveland (not the city in Ohio, but rather the one in Tennessee), he still tells her, "I don't see how you could ever be anything but mine". The radio edit features an abridged intro and outro, while the album version features a false ending, followed by another repetition of the chorus run through a vocal filter.

text: Scooter Carusoe, the writer of this song, also co-wrote Chesney's 2008 Number One hit "Better as a Memory" with Lady Goodman.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video, directed by Shaun Silva, was shot in Malibu, California and Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.  Chesney and the band were filmed in Myrtle Beach at Family Kingdom Amusement Park, in front of a ride called, "The Hurricane," and the Myrtle Beach Pavilion, The scenes featuring surfer Amy Cobb as "Mary" were shot on the California coast & also in Myrtle Beach.  Sonny Miller, who also shot the film "Blue Crush," was employed for the underwater and surfing scenes in California.[2]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: "Anything but Mine" debuted at number 52 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of January 1, 2005.

text:
Chart (2005)

Peakposition

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[3]

1

US Billboard Hot 100[4]

48

text: Year-end charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2005)

Position

US Country Songs (Billboard)[5]

13


document_title: Political power in the United States over time

question_text: who has been in power more republicans or democrats

text: Control of United States Congress[edit]

text: Since 1855 the United States Congress has been dominated by a two party system comprised on one side by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party on the other. While other political parties over time have and may still exist, no other parties have possessed the support, organization and historical legacy these two parties do.

text: Parts of this article (those related to article) need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2016)

text:
Senate
House of Representatives

 Control of the U.S. Senate:1855-2010[1][2][3]
 Control of the U.S. House:1855-2010[1][2][3]

text: Dominant Party[edit]

text: Over the past 100 years the Democratic party has held power nearly twice as long as the Republicans in both the Senate and the House. And the Democratic party has had control of the White House and the two Houses of Congress for 35 years, compared to 16 years for the Republican party over the last 100 years

text: Party Control of Congress[edit]

text: Note: The following statistics consider 2001 as a year in which the Democrats controlled the Senate, although they did not control it for the entire year.

text: Senate Control by Party Past 100 Years[edit]

text: The following statistics reflect the years each political party has controlled a majority in the Senate over the past 100 years (1916–2015).

text:
Party
Years in Control

Democrats:
66 yrs [4]

Republicans:
34

text: The following statistics reflect the years each political party has controlled a majority in the House of Representatives over the past 100 years (1916–2015).

text:
Party
Years in Control

Democrats:
65 yrs

Republicans:
35 yrs

text: Senate and House Control by Party Past 100 Years[edit]

text: The following statistics reflect the years each political party has control a majority in both the Senate and House of Representatives concurrently over the past 100 years (1916–2015).

text:
Party
Years in Control

Democrats:
57 yrs

Republicans:
27 yrs

Neither Party:
16 yrs

text: Full Congress and White House Control by Party Past 100 Years[edit]

text: The following statistics reflect the years each political party has controlled a majority across both the Senate and House of Representatives and White House concurrently over the past 100 years (1916–2015).

text:
Party
Years in Control

Democrats:
35 yrs

Republicans:
16 yrs

Neither Party:
49 yrs

text: Party Control of White House[edit]

text:
Party
Years in Control

Democrats:
52 yrs

Republicans:
48 yrs