document_title: Canada Labour Code

question_text: who enforces the canada labour code part ii and its regulations

text: Canada Labour Code

text: Origin[edit]

text: Industrialization in Canada, as elsewhere, brought with it increasingly poor employment standards. Employers often took advantage of their workers by providing them with little to no health and safety elements in the workplace and no job security. When the workers formed unions, negotiations between the employer and union often dragged on or broke down completely. In these instances the unions would use techniques such as strikes and sabotage to impress on the employer the idea that the workers had rights as humans and even deserved respect. The unionism would then often build solidarity between workers, even in different industries. In response, the Canadian government established the Conciliation Act of 1900. This act created the federal Department of Labour whose purpose was to help settle labour disputes and promote fair wages and proper conditions for workers.

text: The Department had little success but determined that they required the authority to impose conciliation amongst the union and employer. After the 1906 Lethbridge coalfield strike, this requirement became paramount and was introduced in the Industrial Disputes Investigation (IDI) Act of 1907. This act also introduced compulsory investigation of labour disputes, a prohibition of work stoppages pending this investigation, and the requirement for compromise. As the industries continued to resist the demands laid down by the unions, the organizations grew larger and began to plan large-scale tactics such as the Winnipeg General Strike. This created even more fear in the government concerning unions and led to further legislation.

text: During World War II, the wartime government suspended provincial labour legislation and the IDI act. However, the Wartime Labour Relations Regulations (Order in Council P.C. 1003) of 1944 introduced the provisions for certification of unions, leading to the temporary dissolution and outlawing of the major solidarity unions in Canada (including the IWW and the One Big Union). The WLRR also introduced the duty to meet and bargain in good faith, prohibitions of unfair labour practices, and the introduction of a labour relations board.

text: In 1948, this Order in Council and the IDI act were consolidated into the Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act. In 1967, this act was consolidated, along with other statutes, as Part V of the Canada Labour Code, (S.C. 1966-67, c. 62).

text: Significant amendments were made to this part of the code in 1973. These amendments included extending bargaining rights to some previously excluded groups (e.g., supervisors, employed professionals, etc.) and expanding the jurisdiction of the labour relations board to include enforcement and remedial powers. Also, provisions for adjustments to technological changes were introduced. Finally, in 1988 the Code was reissued as part of the Revised Statutes of Canada, (R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2.), wherein Part V became Part I.

text: Legislation[edit]

text: The Act is divided into three distinct parts. The first part deals with collective bargaining between unions and employers. It comes mostly from the Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act of 1948. The second part deals with health & safety in the workplace. The third part deals with employment standards but defers mostly to Provincial legislation for each province of employment.

text: Part 1: Industrial Relations[edit]

text: This part of the act is divided into seven divisions and deals with collective bargaining, dispute resolution, strikes and lockouts. It, first of all, establishes basic freedoms, in accordance with Convention C87 of the International Labour Organization, by setting out that employees are “free to join the trade union of their choice and to participate in its lawful activities” [s.8(1)] and employers, likewise, are free to organize.

text: Divisions III, IV, V.1, and VI, set out the procedures and regulations for collective bargaining. In short, a trade union for employees or an organization representing employers must first be certified by the Canada Labour Relations Board, whose composition and procedures are detailed in Division II. The act places a duty on the two sides to meet and negotiate “in good faith and make every reasonable effort to enter into a collective agreement” [s.50 (a) i,ii].

text: The role of the Canada Labour Relations Board is to interpret the code and to investigate allegations of unfair labour practices and failures to bargain in good faith. Division V details the role of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. It is “responsible for fostering harmonious relations between trade unions and employers by assisting them in the negotiation of collective agreements and their renewal.” [s.70.1(1)] They are employees of the Human Resources Development Canada and report to the Minister of Labour.

text: Divisions V.1 and VI set out conditions for strikes and lockouts. Before such work stoppages occur a secret ballot vote must result in a majority wishing to proceed with a work stoppage. However, this cannot occur during the term of an agreement, only once it expires. The union (for strikes) or the employers (for lockouts) must give the Minister of Labour 72 hours' notice before the work stoppage can occur. The Minister can prevent or cease a work stoppage by appointing a conciliation officer, commissioner, or board, to mediate negotiations. Section 100 of the Code sets a limit of $1000 per day is set for illegal lockouts or strikes.

text: Also of note, Division IV sets out special arrangements for interruptions in employment due to technological change. It also allows union dues to be deducted from an employers wages, and, in case of religious objections, forward the amount deducted to a registered charity mutually agreed on by the employee and the trade union. Division V.1 prohibits work stoppages “to the extent necessary to prevent an immediate and serious danger to the safety or health of the public.” [s.87.4(1)]

text: Part 2: Occupational Health and Safety[edit]

text: This part of the act deals with maintaining the health and safety of workers in the workplace. It focuses on the recognition and prevention of hazards. The beginning of this part states the purpose here “is to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, linked with or occurring in the course of employment.” [s.122.1]

text: Sections 124 and 125 set out the duties of employers with regard to the health and safety of their employees. A list is provided of 45 general and specific duties for the employer to follow. For example, these duties include providing first-aid facilities, potable water, sanitary and personal facilities (i.e., washrooms), prescribed safety materials, equipment, devices and clothing, safety manuals in telecommunications companies and other industries and so on. These duties extend beyond the workplace and include all areas in which an employee may travel in the course of a work day. The employers are also responsible for third party contractors and any other people with whom they are in an employment relationship. Sections 122.3 and 132 establish conditions for employees with a special needs and pregnant and nursing employees.

text: Section 126 sets out the duties of employees. It is their duty to “take all reasonable and necessary precautions to ensure the health and safety of the employee, the other employees and any person likely to be affected by the employee's acts or omissions” [s.126(1)(c)] and to use any safety features that the employer provides.

text: In cases of conflict between the employee and employer sections 127.1 and 128 set out a resolution process. An employee is permitted to “refuse to use or operate a machine or thing, to work in a place or to perform an activity, if the employee while at work has reasonable cause to believe that the performance of the activity constitutes a danger to the employee or to another employee." [s.128 (1)(c)] All complaints must be reasonably investigated to find if the claim is justified.

text: In order to facilitate investigations sections 134 to 140 establish requirements, regulations, and procedures for health and safety committees, representatives, and officers. For workplaces with 20 or more employees a committee must be established consisting of at least two employees. For workplaces with fewer than 20 employees at least one representative must be selected by the non-managerial employee as a Health and Safety Representative. The employer must be readily accessible to this representative in order to address health and safety matters. Regional Health and Safety Officers are appointed by the Minister of Labour and investigate incidents and complaints concerning health and safety in the workplace. Violations for this part of the Labour Code can be punishable by up to two years in jail and a $1,000,000 fine as set out in section 148. A death or injury that resulted in combination with a violation of this part of the act can be viewed as a criminal act and prosecuted as such.

text: It should also be noted that special conditions are set out for coal mines. Section 137.1 establishes the composition, procedures and regulations of a Coal Mining Safety Commission. Section 125.3 requires employers to submit their plans and procedures to this commission.

text: Part 3: Employment Standards Act[edit]

text: The third part of the code is divided into 16 divisions which deal with terms and conditions of employment concerning hours, wages, leave, holidays, and sexual harassment. It also sets the conditions for the termination of employment.

text: Division I establishes the eight-hour day and forty hour week but permits averaging if the profession demands extended hours. Workers must get at least one full day, “Sunday shall be the normal day of rest,” [s.173] and overtime is paid at least one and one-half times the normal wage. Division II establishes that the Province of employment’s minimum wage, with the exception of those based on age discrimination, shall be used for workers in industries under federal jurisdiction. This division also deals with wage deduction with respect to room, board, uniforms, tools, etc. Division III refers to the Canadian Human Rights Act for prohibition to discriminatory wage practices. These first three divisions should also be read with the Fair Wages and Hours of Labour Act (R.S. 1985, c. L-4 ) which concerns public works and those on government contracts. Also, division XV requires that payment of wages must be made within thirty days.

text: Divisions IV and V establish the amount, length and pay for vacations and holidays. Division VI allows the Governor in Council to make special regulations for industries that use multiple employers for the same job.

text: Divisions VII, VIII, XIII, and XIII.1 make arrangements for maternity, parental, compassionate care, bereavement, and sick leave. These sections say that “no employer shall dismiss, suspend, lay off, demote or discipline an employee because of absence due to illness or injury…”[s.239(1)], or any other of these aforementioned leave periods and that “pension, health and disability benefits and the seniority of any employee…[during] a leave of absence…shall accumulate during the entire period of the leave.”[s209.2(1)] Specifically, an employee is permitted 17 weeks of maternity leave, 37 weeks for parental leave, 8 weeks for compassionate care leave, and 3 days for bereavement leave. The leave period, and its associated benefits, due to illness or injury, depends upon the nature of the illness or injury and the period of absence.

text: Divisions IX to XII, XIV set the procedures for termination of employees. Division IX deals with lay-offs of 50 or more people wherein a 16-week notice must be given to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development and the Canada Employment Insurance Commission and a 2-week notice to individual employees. Division X deals with the termination of fewer than 50 people wherein 2 weeks' notice or 2 weeks' pay in lieu of notice must be given to the employee. Division XI deals with the allotment of severance pay and division XII prohibits termination or any other disciplinary action due to any garnishment proceedings of any employee. Division XIV makes provisions in cases of unjust dismissals. A complaint of an unjust dismissal may be made to an inspector who in turn can require the employer to provide a written statement of the reasons for the dismissal. If the inspector cannot settle the dispute then the Minister may appoint an adjudicator to resolve the dispute.

text: Division XV.1 prohibits sexual harassment by saying that “every employee is entitled to employment free of sexual harassment.” [s.247.2]. It defines sexual harassment as “any conduct, comment, gesture or contact of a sexual nature (a) that is likely to cause offence or humiliation to any employee; or (b) that might, on reasonable grounds, be perceived by that employee as placing a condition of a sexual nature on employment or on any opportunity for training or promotion.” [s.247.1]


document_title: Finding Nemo

question_text: who did the voice of marlin in finding nemo

root

text: Finding Nemo

text: Plot[edit]

text: Two ocellaris clownfish, Marlin and Coral, admire their new home in the Great Barrier Reef and their clutch of clownfish eggs when a barracuda attacks, knocking Marlin unconscious. He wakes up to find that Coral and all but one of the eggs have been eaten by the barracuda. Marlin names this last egg Nemo, a name that Coral liked.

tag: p

text: Following his birth, Nemo develops a smaller right fin due to damage to his egg, which limits his swimming ability. Worried about Nemo's safety, Marlin embarrasses Nemo during a school field trip. Nemo disobeys his father and sneaks away from the reef towards a boat, and is captured by scuba divers. As the boat departs, a diver accidentally knocks his diving mask overboard. While attempting to save Nemo, Marlin meets Dory, a good-hearted and optimistic regal blue tang with short-term memory loss. Marlin and Dory meet three Australian sharks—Bruce, Anchor, and Chum—who claim to be vegetarians. Marlin discovers the diver's mask and notices an address written on it. When he argues with Dory and accidentally gives her a nosebleed, the blood causes Bruce to lose control of himself and enter a violent feeding frenzy. The pair escape from Bruce, but the mask falls into a trench in the deep sea.

text: During a hazardous struggle with an anglerfish in the trench, Dory sees the diving mask and reads the address located at 42 Wallaby Way, Sydney. As Dory finishes reading the address on the mask, Marlin is able to trap the Anglerfish using the eyepiece of the mask. To her own disbelief, Dory remembers the address on her own despite her short-term memory loss. The pair swims on, receiving directions to Sydney from a school of moonfish. After receiving directions from the moonfish, Marlin and Dory encounter a bloom of jellyfish that entraps them and nearly kills them. As a result, Marlin loses consciousness and wakes up on a sea turtle named Crush, who takes Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the details of his long journey with a group of sea turtles, and his story is spread across the ocean. He also sees how Crush gets along well with his son Squirt.

text: Meanwhile, Nemo is placed in a fish tank in the office of a dentist. He meets aquarium fish called the Tank Gang, led by Gill, a moorish idol. The fish learn that Nemo is to be given to the dentist's niece, Darla, who previously killed a fish by constantly shaking its bag. Gill then reveals his plan to escape, jamming the tank's filter with a pebble. The fish would be placed in plastic bags so that the dentist can clean the tank, and then they would roll out the window and into the harbor. Nemo attempts to jam the filter, but fails, almost getting himself killed in the process. Near the harbor, a pelican, Nigel, flies to the dentist's office and brings news of Marlin's adventure. Inspired by his father's determination, Nemo makes a second attempt to jam the filter. Unlike the first attempt, he is able to successfully render the filter useless, but to the tank gang's dismay, the dentist installs a new high-tech filter before they can escape.

text: After leaving the Current, Marlin and Dory are engulfed by a blue whale. Inside the whale's mouth, Marlin desperately tries to escape, while Dory communicates with the whale, which carries them to Sydney Harbour and expels them through his blowhole. They meet Nigel, and after helping the pair escape from a massive flock of seagulls, he takes them to the dentist's office. Darla has just arrived and the dentist is handing Nemo to her. Nemo plays dead to save himself as Nigel arrives, causing Darla to scream. Upon seeing Nemo, Marlin mistakenly believes he is dead, before Nigel is violently thrown out. In despair, Marlin leaves Dory and begins to swim home. Gill helps Nemo escape into a drain that leads to the ocean. Dory loses her memory and becomes confused, and meets Nemo, who reaches the ocean. Eventually, Dory's memory returns after she reads the word "Sydney" on a drainpipe. She reunites Nemo with Marlin, but she is caught in a fishing net with a school of grouper. Nemo enters the net and orders the group to swim downward to break the net, enabling them to escape. After returning home, Nemo leaves for school, with Crush's son Squirt, and Marlin and Dory proudly watch Mr. Ray carry Nemo and his friends to school.

text: In a pre-credits sequence, Aquascum, the high-tech filter in the dentist's fish tank breaks down, and the Tank Gang escape to Sydney Harbour, eventually realizing that they are still confined inside their (water-filled) plastic bags.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Albert Brooks as Marlin, a clownfish, Coral's husband and Nemo's father
Ellen DeGeneres as Dory, a regal blue tang with short-term memory loss
Alexander Gould as Nemo, Marlin's only surviving son, who is excited about life and exploring the ocean, but gets captured and domesticated as a pet
Willem Dafoe as Gill, a moorish idol fish living in an aquarium in a dentist clinic, and the leader of the Tank Gang
Brad Garrett as Bloat, the aquarium's pufferfish
Allison Janney as Peach, the aquarium's starfish
Stephen Root as Bubbles, the aquarium's yellow tang fish
Austin Pendleton as Gurgle, the aquarium's royal gramma fish
Vicki Lewis as Deb/Flo, the aquarium's striped damselfish
Joe Ranft as Jacques, the aquarium's cleaner shrimp
Geoffrey Rush as Nigel, a brown pelican who often visits the dentist clinic and is friends with the aquarium fish
Andrew Stanton as Crush, a green sea turtle, and the Seagulls
Elizabeth Perkins as Coral, Marlin's wife and Nemo's mother
Nicholas Bird as Squirt, Crush's son
Bob Peterson as Mr. Ray, a spotted eagle ray and Nemo's schoolteacher
Barry Humphries as Bruce, a vegetarian great white shark who fights his instinctive wills to eat innocent fish and is friends with Anchor and Chum
Eric Bana as Anchor, a hammerhead shark who is friends with Bruce and Chum
Bruce Spence as Chum, a mako shark who is friends with Bruce and Anchor
Bill Hunter as the dentist at the clinic
LuLu Ebeling as Darla, the dentist's rambunctious young niece
Jordy Ranft as Tad, a butterfly fish cub and Nemo's friend at school
Erica Beck as Pearl, a flapjack octopus cub and Nemo's friend at school
Erik Per Sullivan as Sheldon, a seahorse cub and Nemo's friend at school
John Ratzenberger as the school of moonfish

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The inspiration for Nemo sprang from multiple experiences, going back to director Andrew Stanton's childhood, when he loved going to the dentist to see the fish tank, assuming that the fish were from the ocean and wanted to go home.[6] In 1992, shortly after his son was born, he and his family took a trip to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (which was called Marine World at the time). There, after seeing the shark tube and various exhibits, he felt that the underwater world could be done beautifully in computer animation.[7] Later, in 1997, he took his son for a walk in the park, but realized that he was overprotecting him and lost an opportunity to have a father-son experience that day.[6]

text: In an interview with National Geographic magazine, Stanton said that the idea for the characters of Marlin and Nemo came from a photograph of two clownfish peeking out of an anemone:

text:
“
It was so arresting. I had no idea what kind of fish they were, but I couldn't take my eyes off them. And as an entertainer, the fact that they were called clownfish—it was perfect. There's almost nothing more appealing than these little fish that want to play peekaboo with you.[8]
”

text: In addition, clownfish are colourful, but do not tend to come out of an anemone often. For a character who has to go on a dangerous journey, Stanton felt a clownfish was the perfect type of fish for the character.[6] Pre-production of the film began in early 1997. Stanton began writing the screenplay during the post-production of A Bug's Life. As a result, Finding Nemo began production with a complete screenplay, something that co-director Lee Unkrich called "very unusual for an animated film".[6] The artists took scuba diving lessons to study the coral reef.[6]

text: The idea for the initiation sequence came from a story conference between Andrew Stanton and Bob Peterson while they were driving to record the actors. Stanton was inspired to cast Ellen DeGeneres when he watched an episode of Ellen in which he saw her "change the subject five times before finishing one sentence".[6] The pelican character named Gerald (who in the final film ends up swallowing and choking on Marlin and Dory) was originally a friend of Nigel. They were going to play against each other with Nigel being neat and fastidious and Gerald being scruffy and sloppy. The filmmakers could not find an appropriate scene for them that did not slow the pace of the picture, so Gerald's character was minimized.[6]

text: Stanton himself provided the voice of Crush the sea turtle. He originally did the voice for the film's story reel, and assumed they would find an actor later. When Stanton's performance became popular in test screenings, he decided to keep his performance in the film. He recorded all his dialogue while lying on a sofa in Unkrich's office.[6] Crush's son Squirt was voiced by Nicholas Bird, the young son of fellow Pixar director Brad Bird. According to Stanton, the elder Bird was playing a tape recording of his young son around the Pixar studios one day. Stanton felt the voice was "this generation's Thumper" and immediately cast Nicholas.[6]

text: Megan Mullally was originally going to provide a voice in the film. According to Mullally, the producers were dissatisfied to learn that the voice of her character Karen Walker on the television show Will & Grace was not her natural speaking voice. The producers hired her anyway, and then strongly encouraged her to use her Karen Walker voice for the role. When Mullally refused, she was dismissed.[9]

text: To ensure that the movements of the fish in the film were believable, the animators took a crash course in fish biology and oceanography. They visited aquariums, went diving in Hawaii and received in-house lectures from an ichthyologist.[10] As a result, Pixar's animator for Dory, Gini Cruz Santos, integrated "the fish movement, human movement, and facial expressions to make them look and feel like real characters."[11][12]

text: The film was dedicated to Glenn McQueen, a Pixar animator who died of melanoma in October 2002.[13] Finding Nemo shares many plot elements with Pierrot the Clownfish,[14] a children's book published in 2002, but allegedly conceived in 1995. The author, Franck Le Calvez, sued Disney for infringement of his intellectual rights and to bar Finding Nemo merchandise in France. The judge ruled against him, citing the color differences between Pierrot and Nemo.[15]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released in 2003, for PC, Xbox, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Game Boy Advance. The goal of the game is to complete different levels under the roles of Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cut scenes from the movie, and each clip is based on a level. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales. Upon release, the game received mixed reviews.[16][17][18][19][20][21] A Game Boy Advance sequel, titled Finding Nemo: The Continuing Adventures, was released in 2004.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Finding Nemo received universal acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 99% approval rating, with a rating average of 8.7/10, based on 259 reviews. The site's consensus reads: "Breathtakingly lovely and grounded by the stellar efforts of a well-chosen cast, Finding Nemo adds another beautifully crafted gem to Pixar's crown."[23] Another review aggregation website, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 90 out of 100, based on 38 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."[24]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars, calling it "one of those rare movies where I wanted to sit in the front row and let the images wash out to the edges of my field of vision".[25] Broadway star Nathan Lane, who was the voice of Timon the meerkat in The Lion King, has said Finding Nemo was his favorite animated film.[26] Ed Park of The Village Voice gave the film a positive review, saying "It's an ocean of eye candy that tastes fresh even in this ADD-addled era of SpongeBob SquarePants."[27] Mark Caro of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four out of four stars, saying "You connect to these sea creatures as you rarely do with humans in big-screen adventures. The result: a true sunken treasure."[28] Hazel-Dawn Dumpert of LA Weekly gave the film a positive review, saying "As gorgeous a film as Disney's ever put out, with astonishing qualities of light, movement, surface and color at the service of the best professional imaginations money can buy."[29] Jeff Strickler of the Star Tribune gave the film a positive review, saying it "proves that even when Pixar is not at the top of its game, it still produces better animation than some of its competitors on their best days."[29] Gene Seymour of Newsday gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "The underwater backdrops take your breath away. No, really. They're so lifelike, you almost feel like holding your breath while watching."[29] Rene Rodriguez of the Miami Herald gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Parental anxiety may not be the kind of stuff children's films are usually made of, but this perfectly enchanting movie knows how to cater to its kiddie audience without condescending to them."[30]

text: Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of five, saying "The best break of all is that Pixar's traditionally untethered imagination can't be kept under wraps forever, and "Nemo" erupts with sea creatures that showcase Stanton and company's gift for character and peerless eye for skewering contemporary culture."[31] Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Visual imagination and sophisticated wit raise Finding Nemo to a level just below the peaks of Pixar's Toy Story movies and Monsters, Inc.."[32] Terry Lawson of the Detroit Free Press gave the film three out of four stars, saying "As we now expect from Pixar, even the supporting fish in "Finding Nemo" are more developed as characters than any human in the Mission: Impossible movies."[33] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three and half stars out of four, saying "Finding Nemo is an undersea treasure. The most gorgeous of all the Pixar films—which include Toy Story 1 and 2, A Bug's Life and Monsters, Inc.—Nemo treats family audiences to a sweet, resonant story and breathtaking visuals. It may lack Monsters, Inc.'s clever humor, but kids will identify with the spunky sea fish Nemo, and adults will relate to Marlin, Nemo's devoted dad."[34] Bruce Westbrook of the Houston Chronicle gave the film an A-, saying "Finding Nemo lives up to Pixar's high standards for wildly creative visuals, clever comedy, solid characters and an involving story."[35] Tom Long of The Detroit News gave the film an A-, saying "A simple test of humanity: If you don't laugh aloud while watching it, you've got a battery not a heart."[29]

text: Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film four out of four stars, saying "A dazzling, computer-animated fish tale with a funny, touching script and wonderful voice performances that make it an unqualified treat for all ages."[29] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Enchanting; written with an effortless blend of sweetness and silliness, and animated with such rainbow-hued beauty, you may find yourself wanting to freeze-frame it."[29] Daphne Gordon of the Toronto Star gave the film four out of five stars, saying "One of the strongest releases from Disney in years, thanks to the work of Andrew Stanton, possibly one of the most successful directors you've never heard of."[29] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Finding Nemo isn't quite up there with the company's finest work—there's finally a sense of formula setting in—but it's hands down the best family film since Monsters, Inc."[29] C.W. Nevius of The San Francisco Chronicle gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The visuals pop, the fish emote and the ocean comes alive. That's in the first two minutes. After that, they do some really cool stuff."[36] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review, saying "Finding Nemo will engross kids with its absorbing story, brightly drawn characters and lively action, and grown-ups will be equally entertained by the film's subtle humor and the sophistication of its visuals."[29] David Ansen of Newsweek gave the film a positive review, saying "A visual marvel, every frame packed to the gills with clever details, Finding Nemo is the best big-studio release so far this year."[37]

text: Richard Corliss of Time gave the film a positive review, saying "Nemo, with its ravishing underwater fantasia, manages to trump the design glamour of earlier Pixar films."[38] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A, saying "In this seamless blending of technical brilliance and storytelling verve, the Pixar team has made something as marvelously soulful and innately, fluidly American as jazz."[39] Carrie Rickey of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three out of four stars, saying "As eye-popping as Nemo's peepers and as eccentric as this little fish with asymmetrical fins."[29] David Germain of the Associated Press gave the film a positive review, saying "Finding Nemo is laced with smart humor and clever gags, and buoyed by another cheery story of mismatched buddies: a pair of fish voiced by Albert Brooks and Ellen DeGeneres."[40] Anthony Lane of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "The latest flood of wizardry from Pixar, whose productions, from Toy Story onward, have lent an indispensable vigor and wit to the sagging art of mainstream animation."[41] The 3D re-release prompted a retrospective on the film nine years after its initial release. Stephen Whitty of The Star-Ledger described it as "a genuinely funny and touching film that, in less than a decade, has established itself as a timeless classic."[42] On the 3D re-release, Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote that its emotional power was deepened by "the dimensionality of the oceanic deep" where "the spatial mysteries of watery currents and floating worlds are exactly where 3D explorers were born to boldly go".[43]

text: Box office[edit]

text: During its original theatrical run, Finding Nemo grossed $339,714,978 in North America, and $559,492,275 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $940,335,536.[2] It is currently the thirty-fifth-highest-grossing film, the seventh-highest-grossing animated film, and the second-highest-grossing film of 2003, behind The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.[44] Worldwide, it was the highest-grossing Pixar film, up until 2010, when Toy Story 3 surpassed it.[45] The film sold an estimated 56,337,500 tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[46]

text: In North America, Finding Nemo set an opening weekend record for an animated feature, making $70,251,710 (first surpassed by Shrek 2) and ended up spending 11 weeks in the top 10 domestically (including 7 weeks in the top 5), remaining there until August 14.[47] It became the highest-grossing animated film in North America ($339.7 million), outside North America ($528.2 million), and worldwide ($867.9 million), in all three occasions out-grossing The Lion King.[48] In North America, it was surpassed by both Shrek 2 in 2004 and Toy Story 3 in 2010.[49] After the re-release of The Lion King in 2011, and then Despicable Me 2 and Frozen in 2013, Minions in 2015, Zootopia, its sequel Finding Dory in 2016, and Despicable Me 3 in 2017, passed it, it stands as the ninth-highest-grossing animated film in these regions. Outside North America, it stands as the fifth-highest-grossing animated film. Worldwide, it now ranks fourth among animated films.[50]

text: The film had impressive box office runs in many international markets. In Japan, its highest-grossing market after North America, it grossed ¥11.2 billion ($102.4 million), becoming the highest-grossing foreign animated film in local currency (yen).[51] It has only been surpassed by Frozen (¥12.1 billion).[52] Following in biggest grosses are the U.K., Ireland and Malta, where it grossed £37.2 million ($67.1 million), France and the Maghreb region ($64.8 million), Germany ($53.9 million), and Spain ($29.5 million).[53]

text: 3D re-release[edit]

text: After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, Disney re-released Finding Nemo in 3D on September 14, 2012,[54] with a conversion cost estimated to be below $5 million.[55] For the opening weekend of its 3D re-release in North America, Finding Nemo grossed $16.7 million, debuting at the No. 2 spot behind Resident Evil: Retribution.[56] The film earned $41.1 million in North America and $31.0 million internationally, for a combined total of $72.1 million, and a cumulative worldwide total of $940.3 million.[1]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Finding Nemo won the Academy Award and Saturn Award for Best Animated Film.[57] It also won the award for Best Animated Film at the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards, the National Board of Review Awards, the Online Film Critics Society Awards, and the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards.[58] The film received many other awards, including: Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie and Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie (Ellen DeGeneres), and the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress (Ellen DeGeneres).[58]

text: The film was also nominated for two Chicago Film Critics Association Awards, for Best Picture and Best Supporting Actress (Ellen DeGeneres), a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and two MTV Movie Awards, for Best Movie and Best Comedic Performance (Ellen DeGeneres).[58]

text: In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten Top Ten", the best 10 films in 10 "classic" American film genres, after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Finding Nemo was acknowledged as the 10th best film in the animation genre.[4] It was the most recently released film among all 10 lists, and one of only three movies made after the year 2000 (the others being The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and Shrek).[59]

text: American Film Institute recognition:

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated[59]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – No. 10 Animated film[4]

text: Environmental concerns and consequences[edit]

text: The film's use of clownfish prompted mass purchase of the fish breed as pets in the United States, even though the story portrayed the use of fish as pets negatively and suggested that saltwater aquariums are notably tricky and expensive to maintain.[60] The demand for clownfish was supplied by large-scale harvesting of tropical fish in regions like Vanuatu.[61] The Australian Tourism Commission (ATC) launched several marketing campaigns in China and the United States to improve tourism in Australia, many of them utilizing Finding Nemo clips.[62][63] Queensland used Finding Nemo to draw tourists to promote its state for vacationers.[64] According to National Geographic, "Ironically, Finding Nemo, a movie about the anguish of a captured clownfish, caused home-aquarium demand for them to triple."[65]

text: The reaction to the film by the general public has led to environmental devastation for the clownfish, and has provoked an outcry from several environmental protection agencies, including the Marine Aquarium Council, Australia. The demand for tropical fish skyrocketed after the film's release, causing reef species decimation in Vanuatu and many other reef areas.[66] After seeing the film, some aquarium owners released their pet fish into the ocean, but failed to release them into the correct oceanic habitat, which introduced species that are harmful to the indigenous environment, a practice that is harming reefs worldwide.[67][68]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Finding Nemo was released on VHS and DVD on November 4, 2003.[69] The DVD release included an original short film, Exploring the Reef, and the short animated film, Knick Knack (1989).[70] The film was then released on both Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on December 4, 2012, with both a 3-disc and a 5-disc set.[71]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Finding Nemo was the first Pixar film not to be scored by Randy Newman. The original soundtrack album, Finding Nemo, was scored by Thomas Newman, his cousin, and released on May 20, 2003.[72][73] The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score, losing to The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.[74]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: Finding Nemo has inspired numerous attractions and properties at Disney Parks around the world, including: Turtle Talk with Crush, which opened in 2004 at Epcot, 2005 in Disney California Adventure Park, 2008 in Hong Kong Disneyland, and 2009 in Tokyo DisneySea; Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, which opened in 2007 in Disneyland Park; The Seas with Nemo & Friends, which opened in 2007 at Epcot; Finding Nemo – The Musical, which opened in 2007 in Disney's Animal Kingdom; and Crush's Coaster, which opened in 2007 at Walt Disney Studios Park.[75][76][77]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 2005, after disagreements between Disney's Michael Eisner and Pixar's Steve Jobs over the distribution of Pixar's films, Disney announced that they would be creating a new animation studio, Circle 7 Animation, to make sequels to the seven Disney-owned Pixar films (which consisted of the films released between 1995 and 2006).[78] The studio had put Toy Story 3 and Monsters University into development, and had hired screenwriter Laurie Craig to write a draft for Finding Dory.[79] Circle 7 was subsequently shut down after Robert Iger replaced Eisner as CEO of Disney and arranged the acquisition of Pixar.

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton was developing a sequel to Finding Nemo, to be titled Finding Dory,[80] with Victoria Strouse writing the script, and the film scheduled to be released in 2016.[81] The same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton called into question the accuracy of the reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from Chicken Little? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling".[82] According to the report by The Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.[83] In September 2012, Stanton confirmed, saying, "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit".[84] In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that Albert Brooks would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.[85]

text: In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel Finding Dory, confirming that DeGeneres and Brooks would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively. It was scheduled to be released on November 25, 2015,[86][87] but the film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed Blackfish.[88][89] On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a UK July 29, 2016 release. Pixar's The Good Dinosaur was moved to the November 25, 2015 slot to allow more time for production of the film.[90]


document_title: List of languages by first written accounts

question_text: who was the first language spoken in the world

text: Before 1000 BC

text: Writing first appeared in the Near East at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. A very limited number of languages are attested in the area from before the Bronze Age collapse and the rise of alphabetic writing:

text:
the Sumerian, Hurrian, Hattic and Elamite language isolates,
Afro-Asiatic in the form of the Egyptian and Semitic languages and
Indo-European (Anatolian languages and Mycenaean Greek).

text: In East Asia towards the end of the second millennium BC, the Sino-Tibetan family was represented by Old Chinese.

text: There are also a number of undeciphered Bronze Age records:

text:
Proto-Elamite script and Linear Elamite
the Indus script (claimed to record a "Harappan language")
Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A (encoding a possible "Minoan language")[3][4]
the Cypro-Minoan syllabary[5]

text: Earlier symbols, such as the Jiahu symbols, Vinča symbols and the marks on the Dispilio tablet, are believed to be proto-writing, rather than representations of language.

text:
Date
Language
Attestation
Notes

c. 2690 BC
Egyptian
Egyptian hieroglyphs in the tomb of Seth-Peribsen (2nd Dynasty), Umm el-Qa'ab[6]
"proto-hieroglyphic" inscriptions from about 3300 BC (Naqada III; see Abydos, Egypt, Narmer Palette)

26th century BC
Sumerian
Instructions of Shuruppak, the Kesh temple hymn and other cuneiform texts from Shuruppak and Abu Salabikh (Fara period)[7][8]
"proto-literate" period from about 3500 BC (see Kish tablet); administrative records at Uruk and Ur from c. 2900 BC.

c. 2400 BC
Akkadian
A few dozen pre-Sargonic texts from Mari and other sites in northern Babylonia[9]
Some proper names attested in Sumerian texts at Tell Harmal from about 2800 BC.[10] Fragments of the Legend of Etana at Tell Harmal c. 2600 BC.[11]

c. 2400 BC
Eblaite
Ebla tablets[12]

c. 2250 BC
Elamite
Awan dynasty peace treaty with Naram-Sin[13][14]

21st century BC
Hurrian
Temple inscription of Tish-atal in Urkesh[15]

c. 1700 BC
Hittite
Anitta text in Hittite cuneiform[16]
Isolated Hittite words and names occur in Assyrian texts found at Kültepe, from the 19th century BC.

16th century BC
Palaic
Hittite texts CTH 751–754[17]

c. 1450 BC
Mycenaean Greek
Linear B tablet archive from Knossos[18][19][20]
These are mostly administrative lists, with some complete sentences.[21]

c. 1400 BC
Luwian
Hieroglyphic Luwian monumental inscriptions, Cuneiform Luwian tablets in the Hattusa archives[22]
Isolated hieroglyphs appear on seals from the 18th century BC.[22]

c. 1400 BC
Hattic
Hittite texts CTH 725–745

c. 1300 BC
Ugaritic
Tablets from Ugarit[23]
see Ugaritic alphabet

c. 1200 BC
Old Chinese
Oracle bone and bronze inscriptions from the reign of Wu Ding[24][25][26]

text:
Seal impression from the tomb of Seth-Peribsen, containing the oldest known complete sentence in Egyptian, c. 2690 BC

Letter in Sumerian cuneiform sent by the high-priest Lu'enna, informing him the king of Lagash of his son's death in battle, c. 2400 BC

Greek Linear B tablet from Pylos, recording the distribution of hides, c. 1200 BC

Ox scapula inscribed with three records of divinations in the reign of Wu Ding of the Chinese Shang dynasty, c. 1200 BC

text: First millennium BC

text: The earliest known alphabetic inscriptions, at Serabit el-Khadim (c. 1500 BC), appear to record a Northwest Semitic language, though only one or two words have been deciphered. In the Early Iron Age, alphabetic writing spread across the Near East and southern Europe. With the emergence of the Brahmic family of scripts, languages of India are attested from after about 300 BC.

text: There is only fragmentary evidence for languages such as Iberian, Tartessian, Galatian, Thracian and Messapian.[27] The North Picene language of the Novilara Stele from c. 600 BC has not been deciphered.[28] The earliest examples of the Central American Isthmian script date from c. 500 BC, but a proposed decipherment remains controversial.[29]

text:
Date
Language
Attestation
Notes

c. 1000 BC
Phoenician
Ahiram epitaph[30]

10th century BC
Aramaic
royal inscriptions from Aramean city-states[31]

10th century BC
Hebrew or Phoenician
Gezer calendar[32]
Paleo-Hebrew employed a slightly modified Phoenician alphabet, hence the uncertainty between which is attested to here.

c. 850 BC
Ammonite
Amman Citadel Inscription[33]

c. 840 BC
Moabite
Mesha Stele

c. 800 BC
Phrygian
Paleo-Phrygian inscriptions at Gordion

8th century BC
Sabaean (Old South Arabian)
mainly boustrophedon inscriptions from Yemen[34]

8th century BC
Old North Arabian
inscriptions from north and central Arabia[35]

c. 700 BC
Etruscan
proto-Corinthian vase found at Tarquinia[36]

7th century BC
Latin
Vetusia Inscription and Fibula Praenestina[37]

c. 600 BC
Umbrian

c. 600 BC
Lydian
inscriptions from Sardis[22]

c. 600 BC
Carian
inscriptions from Caria and Egypt[22]

c. 600 BC
Faliscan
Ceres inscription found at Falerii[38]

c. 550 BC
South Picene
Warrior of Capestrano[39]

late 6th century BC
Venetic
inscriptions at Este

c. 500 BC
Old Persian
Behistun inscription

c. 500 BC
Lepontic
inscriptions CO-48 from Pristino (Como) and VA-6 from Vergiate (Varese)[40][41]
Inscriptions from the early 6th century consist of isolated names.

c. 500 BC
Gaulish

c. 400 BC
Oscan

3rd century BC
Volscian
Tabula Veliterna[42]

c. 260 BC
Middle Indo-Aryan (Prakrit)
Edicts of Ashoka[43][44]
Pottery inscriptions from Anuradhapura have been dated c. 400 BC.[45][46]

c. 200 BC
Tamil
cave inscriptions and potsherds in Tamil Nadu[47][48]

2nd century BC
Meroitic
graffiti on the temple of Amun at Dukki Gel, near Kerma[49]

c. 100 BC
Celtiberian
Botorrita plaques

1st century BC
Parthian
ostraca at Nisa and Qumis[50]

1st century BC
Sanskrit
stone inscriptions from Ayodhyā and from Hāthībādā and Ghosuṇḍī (both near Chittorgarh)[51]
The Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman I (shortly after 150 AD) is the oldest long text.[52]

text: First millennium AD

text: From Late Antiquity, we have for the first time languages with earliest records in manuscript tradition (as opposed to epigraphy). Thus, Old Armenian is first attested in the Armenian Bible translation.

text: The Vimose inscriptions (2nd and 3rd centuries) in the Elder Futhark runic alphabet appear to record Proto-Norse names. Some scholars interpret the Negau helmet inscription (c. 100 BC) as a Germanic fragment.

text:
Date
Language
Attestation
Notes

c. 150
Bactrian
Rabatak inscription

c. 200
Proto-Norse
Inscription NITHIJO TAWIDE on shield grip from the Illerup Ådal weapon deposit
A single word in Proto-Norse language is found on the Øvre Stabu spearhead dated to the second half of the 2nd century.

c. 292
Mayan
Stela 29 from Tikal[53]
A brief undeciphered inscription at San Bartolo is dated to the 3rd century BC.[54]

c. 312–313
Sogdian
Ancient Letters, found near Dunhuang[55]

c. 328
Arabic
Namara inscription

c. 350
Ge'ez
inscriptions of Ezana of Aksum[56]

c. 350
Cham
Đông Yên Châu inscription found near Tra Kiêu[57]

4th century
Gothic
Gothic Bible, translated by Wulfila[58]
A few problematic Gothic runic inscriptions may date to the early 4th century.

c. 430
Georgian
Bir El Qutt inscriptions[59]

c. 450
Kannada
Halmidi inscription[60]
Kavirajamarga (c. 850) is the oldest literary work.[60]

c. 500
Armenian
Inscription at the Tekor Basilica[61]
Saint Mesrob Mashtots is traditionally held to have translated an Armenian Bible in 434.

c. 510
Old Dutch
Formula for freeing a serf in the Malbergse Glossen on the Salic law[62]
A word in the mid-5th century Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.[62]

6th century
Tocharian
manuscripts from Kucha, Karasahr and Dunhuang[63]
Some Tocharian names and words have been found in Prakrit documents from Krorän dated c. 300 AD.

second half of 6th century
Old High German
Pforzen buckle[64]

c. 575
Telugu
Erragudipadu inscription[60]
Telugu place names are found in Prakrit inscriptions from the 2nd century AD.[60]

c. 591
Korean
Sinseong (新城) Stele in Namsan (Gyeongju)[65][66]

c. 611
Khmer
Angkor Borei inscription

c. 650
Tibetan
Tibetan Annals

c. 650–700
Old Udi
Sinai palimpsest M13

c. 683
Old Malay
Kedukan Bukit Inscription

7th century
Tumshuqese and Khotanese Saka
manuscripts mainly from Dunhuang[67]
Some fragments of Khotanese Saka have been dated to the 5th and 6th centuries

7th century
Beja
ostracon from Saqqara[68][69]

late 7th century
Pyu
Hpayahtaung funeral urn inscription of kings of Sri Ksetra

c. 700
Old English
runic inscription on the Franks Casket
The Undley bracteate (5th century) and West Heslerton brooch (c. 650) have fragmentary runic inscriptions.

c. 711–712
Japanese
poems in the Kojiki

c. 732
Old Turkic
Orkhon inscriptions

c. 750
Old Irish
Würzburg glosses[70]
Primitive Irish Ogham inscriptions from the 4th century consist of personal names, patronymics and/or clan names.[71][72]

c. 750
Persian

c. 750–900
Old Frisian
Westeremden yew-stick

c. 769
Old Hindi
Dohakosh by Saraha

late 8th century
Breton
Praecepta medica (Leyden, Codex Vossianus Lat. F. 96 A)[73]
A botanical manuscript in Latin and Breton

c. 800
Old Norse
runic inscriptions

c. 804
Javanese
initial part of the Sukabumi inscription[74]

9th century
Malayalam
Rajasekhara inscription at Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple[48]
Ramacaritam (12th century) is the oldest literary work.[48]

9th century
Old Welsh
Cadfan Stone (Tywyn 2)[75]

c. 842
Old French
Oaths of Strasbourg

c. 862
Old Church Slavonic
religious literature translated by Cyril and Methodius
Developed in the Preslav Literary School and Ohrid Literary School, the two major cultural centres of the Bulgarian Empire.

c. 882
Balinese
dated royal inscription[76]

c. 900
Old Occitan
Tomida femina

c. 959–974
Leonese
Nodicia de Kesos

c. 960–963
Italian
Placiti Cassinesi[77]
The Veronese Riddle (c. 800) is considered a mixture of Italian and Latin.[78]

c. 986
Khitan
Memorial for Yelü Yanning

late 10th century
Konkani/Marathi
inscription on Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola[79]
inscription on Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola are in Devanagari script, but the language has been in dispute between Marathi and Konkani scholars.[80][81]

text: 1000–1500 AD

text:
Date
Language
Attestation
Notes

c. 972–1093
Slovene
Freising manuscripts

c. 1000
Old East Slavic
Novgorod Codex[82]

c. 1000
Basque, Aragonese and Spanish
Glosas Emilianenses

c. 1028
Catalan
Jurament Feudal[83]

c. 1050
Middle High German

by convention

c. 1066
Middle English

by convention

11th century
Mozarabic
kharjas appended to Arabic and Hebrew poems[84]
Isolated words are found in glossaries from the 8th century.[85]

c. 1100
Croatian
Baška tablet

c. 1100
Danish

by convention

c. 1100
Ossetian
Zelančuk inscription[86]

c. 1100
Swedish

by convention; the Rök Stone (c. 9th century) is often cited as the beginning of Swedish literature

c. 1106
Irish
Lebor na hUidre ("Book of the Dun Cow")

c. 1113
Burmese
Myazedi inscription

c. 1114
Newari
palm-leaf manuscript from Uku Bahah[87]

c. 1160–1170
Middle Dutch
Het Leven van Sint Servaes ("Life of Saint Servatius") by Heinrich von Veldeke[88]

c. 1175
Galician-Portuguese
Notícia de Fiadores[89]
The Notícia de Torto and the will of Afonso II of Portugal, dated 1214, are often cited as the first documents written in Galician-Portuguese.[90] A date prior to 1175 has been proposed for the Pacto dos Irmãos Pais.[91]

c. 1186–1190
Serbian
Miroslav Gospel

c. 1189
Bosnian
Charter of Ban Kulin

c. 1192
Old Hungarian
Funeral Sermon and Prayer
There are isolated fragments in earlier charters such as the charter of Veszprém (c. 1000) and the charter of Tihany (1055).

c. 1200
Finnic
Birch bark letter no. 292
The first document in Finnish proper was Abckiria (1543).

c. 1200–1230
Czech
founding charter of the Litoměřice chapter

c. 1224–1225
Mongolian
Genghis stone

early 13th century
Punjabi
poetry of Fariduddin Ganjshakar

early 13th century
Cornish
prophesy in the cartulary of Glasney College[92]
A 9th century gloss in De Consolatione Philosophiae by Boethius: ud rocashaas is controversially interpreted.[93][94]

c. 1250
Kashmiri
Mahanayakaprakash ("Light of the supreme lord") by Shitikantha[95]

c. 1270
Old Polish
Book of Henryków

c. 1272
Yiddish
blessing in the Worms mahzor

c. 1274
Western Lombard
Libro de le tre scritture, by Bonvesin de la Riva

c. 1292
Thai
Ramkhamhaeng stele
Some scholars argue that the stele is a forgery.

13th century
Tigrinya
a text of laws found in Logosarda

c. 1300
Old Norwegian

c. 1300
Batak

c. 1350
Oghuz Turkic (including Azeri and Ottoman Turkish)
Imadaddin Nasimi

c. 1369
Old Prussian
Basel Epigram[96]

c. 1372
Komi
Abur inscriptions

early 15th century
Bengali
poems of Chandidas and Vidyapati[97]
The 10th-century Charyapada are written in a language ancestral to Bengali, Assamese and Oriya.[97]

c. 1440
Vietnamese
Quốc âm thi tập[98]
Isolated names in Chữ nôm date from the early 13th century.

c. 1462
Albanian
Formula e Pagëzimit, a baptismal formula in a letter of Archbishop Pal Engjëll
Some scholars interpret a few lines in the Bellifortis text (1405) as Albanian.[99]

c. 1470
Maltese
Il Cantilena

c. 1470s
Early Modern English

by convention

c. 1485
Yi
bronze bell inscription in Dafang County, Guizhou[100]

15th century
Tulu
inscriptions in an adaptation of Malayam script[101]

text: After 1500

text:
Date
Language
Attestation
Notes

c. 1503
Lithuanian
Hand-written Lord's Prayer, Hail Mary and Creed[102]
Katekizmas (1547) by Martynas Mažvydas was the first printed book in Lithuanian.

c. 1517
Belarusian
Psalter of Francysk Skaryna

c. 1521
Romanian
Neacșu's Letter
The Cyrillic orthographic manual of Constantin Kostentschi from 1420 documents earlier written usage.[103] Four 16th century documents, namely Codicele Voronetean, Psaltirea Scheiana, Psaltirea Hurmuzachi and Psaltirea Voroneteana, are arguably copies of 15th century originals.[104]

c. 1530
Latvian
Nicholas Ramm's translation of a hymn

c. 1535
Estonian
Wanradt-Koell catechism

c. 1536
Modern Portuguese
Grammatica da lingoagem portuguesa by Fernão de Oliveira.
by convention.[105]

c. 1543
Finnish
Abckiria by Mikael Agricola.

c. 1550
Classical Nahuatl
Doctrina cristiana en lengua española y mexicana[106]
The Breve y mas compendiosa doctrina cristiana en lengua mexicana y castellana (1539) was possibly the first printed book in the New World. No copies are known to exist today.[106]

c. 1550
Standard Dutch
Statenbijbel
The Statenbijbel is commonly accepted to be the start of Standard Dutch, but various experiments were performed around 1550 in Flanders and Brabant. Although none proved to be lasting they did create a semi-standard and many formed the base for the Statenbijbel.

c. 1554
Wastek
A grammar by Andrés de Olmos

c. 1557
Kikongo
A catechism[107]

c. 1561
Ukrainian
Peresopnytsia Gospel

c. 1593
Tagalog
Doctrina Cristiana

c. 1600
Buginese

c. 1610
Manx
Book of Common Prayer[108]

c. 1619
Old Swedish Sami
A primer
Early literary works were mainly based on dialects underlying modern Ume Sami and Pite Sami. First grammar and dictionary in 1738.

c. 1639
Guarani
Tesoro de la lengua guaraní by Antonio Ruíz de Montoya

c. 1650
Ubykh, Abkhaz, Adyghe and Mingrelian
Travel Book of Evliya Çelebi[109]

c. 1651
Pashto
copy of Xayru 'l-bayān in the library of the University of Tübingen[110]
The Pata Khazana, purporting to date from the 8th century, is considered by most scholars to be a forgery.[110]

c. 1693
Tunisian Arabic
Copy of a Tunisian poem written by Sheykh Hassan el-Karray [111]
Before 1700, lyrics of songs were not written in Tunisian Arabic but in Classical Arabic. Even though Tunisian Arabic existed before, it was only used orally.[111]

c. 1695
Seri
Grammar and vocabulary compiled by Adamo Gilg
No longer known to exist.[112]

c. 1728
Northern Sami
Catechism
An early wordlist was published in 1589 by Richard Hakluyt. First grammar in 1743

c. 1728
Swahili
Utendi wa Tambuka

c. 1736
Greenlandic
Grönländische Grammatica by Paul Egede[113]
A poor-quality wordlist was recorded by John Davis in 1586.[114]

c. 1743
Chinese Pidgin English
sentence recorded in Macau by George Anson[115]

c. 1788
Sydney language
Notebooks of William Dawes[116][117]

c. 1800
Inuktitut
"Eskimo Grammar" by Moravian missionaries[113]
A list of 17 words was recorded in 1576 by Christopher Hall, an assistant to Martin Frobisher.[113][114]

c. 1806
Tswana
Heinrich Lictenstein – Upon the Language of the Beetjuana
First complete Bible translation in 1857 by Robert Moffat

c. 1819
Cherokee

Sequoyah's Cherokee syllabary

c. 1820
Maori
Grammar by Thomas Kendall and Samuel Lee
Kendal began compiling wordlists in 1814.

c. 1820
Aleut
Description by Rasmus Rask
A short word list was collected by James King in 1778.

c. 1823
Xhosa
John Bennie's Xhosa reading sheet
Complete Bible translation 1859

c. 1833
Vai

Vai syllabary created by Momolu Duwalu Bukele.

c. 1833
Sotho
Reduced to writing by French missionaries Casalis and Arbousset
First grammar book 1841 and complete Bible translation 1881

c. 1837
Zulu
First written publication Incwadi Yokuqala Yabafundayo
First grammar book 1859 and complete Bible translation 1883

c. 1839
Lule Sami
Pamphlet by Lars Levi Laestadius
Dictionary and grammar by Karl Bernhard Wiklund in 1890-1891

c. 1844
Afrikaans
Letters by Louis Henri Meurant (published in Eastern Cape newspaper – South Africa)
Followed by Muslim texts written in Afrikaans using Arabic alphabet in 1856. Spelling rules published in 1874. Complete Bible published 1933.

c. 1845
Santali
A Santali Primer by Jeremiah Phillips[118]

c. 1851
Sakha (Yakut)
Über die Sprache der Jakuten, a grammar by Otto von Böhtlingk
Wordlists were included in Noord en Oost Tartarije (1692) by Nicolaas Witsen and Das Nord-und Ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia (1730) by Philip Johan von Strahlenberg.

c. 1854
Inari Sami
Grammar by Elias Lönnrot
Primer and catechism published in 1859.

c. 1856
Gamilaraay
Articles by William Ridley[119]
Basic vocabulary collected by Thomas Mitchell in 1832.

c. 1872
Venda
Reduced to writing by the Berlin Missionaries
First complete Bible translation 1936

c. 1878
Kildin Sami
Gospel of Matthew

c. 1882
Mirandese
O dialecto mirandez by José Leite de Vasconcelos[120]
The same author also published the first book written in Mirandese: Flores mirandezas (1884)[121]

c. 1884
Skolt Sami
Gospel of Matthew
In Cyrillic.

c. 1885
Carrier
Barkerville Jail Text, written in pencil on a board in the then recently created Carrier syllabics
Although the first known text by native speakers dates to 1885, the first record of the language is a list of words recorded in 1793 by Alexander MacKenzie.

c. 1885
Motu
Grammar by W.G. Lawes

c. 1886
Guugu Yimidhirr
Notes by Johann Flierl, Wilhelm Poland and Georg Schwarz, culminating in Walter Roth's The Structure of the Koko Yimidir Language in 1901.[122][123]
A list of 61 words recorded in 1770 by James Cook and Joseph Banks was the first written record of an Australian language.[124]

c. 1891
Galela
grammatical sketch by M.J. van Baarda[125]

c. 1893
Oromo
Translation of the New Testament by Onesimos Nesib, assisted by Aster Ganno

c. 1903
Lingala

c. 1940
Kamoro
materials by Peter Drabbe[125]
A Kamoro wordlist recorded in 1828 by Modera and Müller, passengers on a Dutch ship, is the oldest record of any of the Papuan languages.[125][126]

c. 1968
Southern Ndebele
Small booklet published with praises of their kings and a little history
Translation of the New Testament of the Bible completed in 1986 – translation of Old Testament ongoing

c. 1982
Gooniyandi
survey by William McGregor[127]

text: By family

text: Attestation by major language family:

text:
Afro-Asiatic: since about the 27th century BC

27th century BC: Egyptian
24th century BC: Semitic (Eblaite, Akkadian)
7th century AD: Cushitic (Beja)

Hurro-Urartian: c. 21st century BC
Indo-European: since about the 17th century BC

17th century BC: Anatolian: Hittite
15th–14th century BC: Greek
7th century BC: Italic
6th century BC: Celtic
6th century BC: Indo-Iranian
4th century AD: Germanic
9th century AD: Balto-Slavic

Sino-Tibetan: c. 1200 BC

roughly 1200 BC: Old Chinese
7th century AD: Tibeto-Burman (Tibetan)

Dravidian: c. 200 BC
Mayan: 3rd century AD
Austronesian: 4th century AD
South Caucasian: 5th century (Georgian)
Northeast Caucasian: 7th century (Udi)
Austroasiatic: 7th century (Khmer)
Turkic: 8th century (Old Turkic)
Japonic: 8th century
Nilo-Saharan: 8th century (Old Nubian)
Basque: 10th century
Uralic: 11th century

12th century: Hungarian
13th century: Finnic
14th century: Permic (Komi)

Mongolic: 13th century (apparently related Khitan language: 10th century)
Tai–Kadai: 13th century
Uto-Aztecan: 16th century
Quechuan: 16th century
Niger–Congo (Bantu): 16th century
Northwest Caucasian: 17th century (Abkhaz, Adyghe, Ubykh)
Indigenous Australian languages: 18th century
Iroquoian: 19th century
Hmong-Mien: 20th century
Papuan languages: 20th century

text: Constructed languages

text:
Date
Language
Attestation
Notes

1879
Volapük

created by Johann Martin Schleyer

1887
Esperanto
Unua Libro
created by L. L. Zamenhof

1907
Ido

based on Esperanto

1917
Quenya

created by J. R. R. Tolkien

1928
Novial

created by Otto Jespersen

1935
Sona
Sona, an auxiliary neutral language
created by Kenneth Searight

1943
Interglossa
Later became Glosa
created by Lancelot Hogben

1951
Interlingua
Interlingua-English Dictionary
created by the International Auxiliary Language Association

1955
Loglan

created by James Cooke Brown

1985
Klingon

created by Marc Okrand

1987
Lojban

based on Loglan, created by the Logical Language Group

2005–6
Na'vi

created by Dr. Paul Frommer and James Cameron

2009
Dothraki

created by George R. R. Martin and David J. Peterson for Game of Thrones


document_title: List of Grey's Anatomy episodes

question_text: how many episodes of greys anatomy in season 4

text: List of Grey's Anatomy episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[16][17]

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Rating
Tied with

1
9
March 27, 2005 (2005-03-27)
May 22, 2005 (2005-05-22)
8
11.6
N/A

2
27
September 25, 2005 (2005-09-25)
May 15, 2006 (2006-05-15)
5
12.5
N/A

3
25
September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21)
May 17, 2007 (2007-05-17)
7
12.1
N/A

4
17
September 27, 2007 (2007-09-27)
May 22, 2008 (2008-05-22)
9
10.4
N/A

5
24
September 25, 2008 (2008-09-25)
May 14, 2009 (2009-05-14)
10
9.6
N/A

6
24
September 24, 2009 (2009-09-24)
May 20, 2010 (2010-05-20)
11
9.0
N/A

7
22
September 23, 2010 (2010-09-23)
May 19, 2011 (2011-05-19)
17
7.5
The Voice
Hawaii Five-0
Desperate Housewives

8
24
September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22)
May 17, 2012 (2012-05-17)
21
7.6
Hawaii Five-0

9
24
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
18
7.7
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
The Mentalist
Modern Family
Vegas

10
24
September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26)
May 15, 2014 (2014-05-15)
11
8.5
N/A

11
25
September 25, 2014 (2014-09-25)
May 14, 2015 (2015-05-14)
17
7.8
60 Minutes
Hawaii Five-0

12
24
September 24, 2015 (2015-09-24)
May 19, 2016 (2016-05-19)
11
7.9
The Voice: Tuesday

13
24
September 22, 2016 (2016-09-22)
May 18, 2017 (2017-05-18)
16
7.3
N/A

14
24
September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2005)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"A Hard Day's Night"
Peter Horton
Shonda Rhimes
March 27, 2005 (2005-03-27)
16.25[18]

2
2
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
Peter Horton
Shonda Rhimes
April 3, 2005 (2005-04-03)
17.71[19]

3
3
"Winning a Battle, Losing the War"
Tony Goldwyn
Shonda Rhimes
April 10, 2005 (2005-04-10)
17.99[20]

4
4
"No Man's Land"
Adam Davidson
James D. Parriott
April 17, 2005 (2005-04-17)
19.18[21]

5
5
"Shake Your Groove Thing"
John David Coles
Ann Hamilton
April 24, 2005 (2005-04-24)
17.90[22]

6
6
"If Tomorrow Never Comes"
Scott Brazil
Krista Vernoff
May 1, 2005 (2005-05-01)
18.54[23]

7
7
"The Self-Destruct Button"
Darnell Martin
Kip Koenig
May 8, 2005 (2005-05-08)
18.86[24]

8
8
"Save Me"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Mimi Schmir
May 15, 2005 (2005-05-15)
18.33[25]

9
9
"Who's Zoomin' Who?"
Wendey Stanzler
Gabrielle Stanton & Harry Werksman, Jr.
May 22, 2005 (2005-05-22)
22.22[26]

text: Season 2 (2005–06)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

10
1
"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head"
Peter Horton
Stacy McKee
September 25, 2005 (2005-09-25)
18.98[27]

11
2
"Enough Is Enough"
Peter Horton
James D. Parriott
October 2, 2005 (2005-10-02)
17.57[28]

12
3
"Make Me Lose Control"
Adam Davidson
Krista Vernoff
October 9, 2005 (2005-10-09)
18.12[29]

13
4
"Deny, Deny, Deny"
Wendey Stanzler
Zoanne Clack
October 16, 2005 (2005-10-16)
18.28[30]

14
5
"Bring the Pain"
Mark Tinker
Shonda Rhimes
October 23, 2005 (2005-10-23)
18.00[31]

15
6
"Into You Like a Train"
Jeff Melman
Krista Vernoff
October 30, 2005 (2005-10-30)
16.67[32]

16
7
"Something to Talk About"
Adam Davidson
Stacy McKee
November 6, 2005 (2005-11-06)
18.13[33]

17
8
"Let It Be"
Lesli Linka Glatter
Mimi Schmir
November 13, 2005 (2005-11-13)
19.74[34]

18
9
"Thanks for the Memories"
Michael Dinner
Shonda Rhimes
November 20, 2005 (2005-11-20)
20.33[35]

19
10
"Much too Much"
Wendey Stanzler
Gabrielle Stanton & Harry Werksman, Jr.
November 27, 2005 (2005-11-27)
19.59[36]

20
11
"Owner of a Lonely Heart"
Daniel Minahan
Mark Wilding
December 4, 2005 (2005-12-04)
20.59[37]

21
12
"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"
Peter Horton
Krista Vernoff
December 11, 2005 (2005-12-11)
15.70[38]

22
13
"Begin the Begin"
Jessica Yu
Kip Koenig
January 15, 2006 (2006-01-15)
18.97[39]

23
14
"Tell Me Sweet Little Lies"
Adam Davidson
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
January 22, 2006 (2006-01-22)
21.04[40]

24
15
"Break on Through"
David Paymer
Zoanne Clack
January 29, 2006 (2006-01-29)
18.44[41]

25
16
"It's the End of the World"
Peter Horton
Shonda Rhimes
February 5, 2006 (2006-02-05)
37.88[42]

26
17
"As We Know It"
Peter Horton
Shonda Rhimes
February 12, 2006 (2006-02-12)
25.42[43]

27
18
"Yesterday"
Rob Corn
Story by : Mimi Schmir
Teleplay by : Krista Vernoff
February 19, 2006 (2006-02-19)
24.36[44]

28
19
"What Have I Done to Deserve This?"
Wendey Stanzler
Stacy McKee
February 26, 2006 (2006-02-26)
24.76[45]

29
20
"Band-Aid Covers the Bullet Hole"
Julie Anne Robinson
Gabrielle Stanton & Harry Werksman, Jr.
March 12, 2006 (2006-03-12)
22.51[46]

30
21
"Superstition"
Tricia Brock
James D. Parriott
March 19, 2006 (2006-03-19)
21.13[47]

31
22
"The Name of the Game"
Seith Mann
Blythe Robe
April 2, 2006 (2006-04-02)
22.35[48]

32
23
"Blues for Sister Someone"
Jeff Melman
Elizabeth Klaviter
April 30, 2006 (2006-04-30)
20.76[49]

33
24
"Damage Case"
Tony Goldwyn
Mimi Schmir
May 7, 2006 (2006-05-07)
21.99[50]

34
25
"17 Seconds"
Daniel Minahan
Mark Wilding
May 14, 2006 (2006-05-14)
22.60[51]

35
26
"Deterioration of the Fight or Flight Response"
Rob Corn
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
May 15, 2006 (2006-05-15)
22.50[52]

36
27
"Losing My Religion"
Mark Tinker
Shonda Rhimes
May 15, 2006 (2006-05-15)
22.50[52]

text: Season 3 (2006–07)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

37
1
"Time Has Come Today"
Daniel Minahan
Shonda Rhimes
September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21)
25.41[53]

38
2
"I Am a Tree"
Jeff Melman
Krista Vernoff
September 28, 2006 (2006-09-28)
23.48[54]

39
3
"Sometimes a Fantasy"
Adam Arkin
Debora Cahn
October 5, 2006 (2006-10-05)
22.80[55]

40
4
"What I Am"
Dan Lerner
Allan Heinberg
October 12, 2006 (2006-10-12)
22.88[56]

41
5
"Oh, the Guilt"
Jeff Melman
Zoanne Clack & Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
October 19, 2006 (2006-10-19)
22.05[57]

42
6
"Let the Angels Commit"
Jessica Yu
Stacy McKee
November 2, 2006 (2006-11-02)
21.02[58]

43
7
"Where the Boys Are"
Daniel Minahan
Mark Wilding
November 9, 2006 (2006-11-09)
20.65[59]

44
8
"Staring at the Sun"
Jeff Melman
Gabrielle Stanton & Harry Werksman, Jr.
November 16, 2006 (2006-11-16)
20.92[60]

45
9
"From a Whisper to a Scream"
Julie Anne Robinson
Kip Koenig
November 23, 2006 (2006-11-23)
18.51[61]

46
10
"Don't Stand So Close to Me"
Seith Mann
Carolina Paiz
November 30, 2006 (2006-11-30)
24.01[62]

47
11
"Six Days (Part 1)"
Greg Yaitanes
Krista Vernoff
January 11, 2007 (2007-01-11)
23.03[63]

48
12
"Six Days (Part 2)"
Greg Yaitanes
Krista Vernoff
January 18, 2007 (2007-01-18)
21.94[64]

49
13
"Great Expectations"
Michael Grossman
Eric Buchman
January 25, 2007 (2007-01-25)
21.50[65]

50
14
"Wishin' and Hopin'"
Julie Anne Robinson
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
February 1, 2007 (2007-02-01)
24.18[66]

51
15
"Walk on Water"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
February 8, 2007 (2007-02-08)
25.20[67]

52
16
"Drowning on Dry Land"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
February 15, 2007 (2007-02-15)
25.76[68]

53
17
"Some Kind of Miracle"
Adam Arkin
Shonda Rhimes & Marti Noxon
February 22, 2007 (2007-02-22)
27.39[69]

54
18
"Scars and Souvenirs"
James Frawley
Debora Cahn
March 15, 2007 (2007-03-15)
22.68[70]

55
19
"My Favorite Mistake"
Tamra Davis
Chris Van Dusen
March 22, 2007 (2007-03-22)
22.30[71]

56
20
"Time After Time"
Christopher Misiano
Stacy McKee
April 19, 2007 (2007-04-19)
21.12[72]

57
21
"Desire"
Tom Verica
Mark Wilding
April 26, 2007 (2007-04-26)
20.08[73]

58

59
22

23
"The Other Side of This Life"
Michael Grossman
Shonda Rhimes
May 3, 2007 (2007-05-03)
21.23[74]

60
24
"Testing 1-2-3"
Christopher Misiano
Allan Heinberg
May 10, 2007 (2007-05-10)
19.58[75]

61
25
"Didn't We Almost Have It All?"
Rob Corn
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
May 17, 2007 (2007-05-17)
22.57[76]

text: Season 4 (2007–08)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

62
1
"A Change Is Gonna Come"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
September 27, 2007 (2007-09-27)
20.93[77]

63
2
"Love/Addiction"
James Frawley
Debora Cahn
October 4, 2007 (2007-10-04)
18.51[78]

64
3
"Let the Truth Sting"
Daniel Minahan
Mark Wilding
October 11, 2007 (2007-10-11)
19.04[79]

65
4
"The Heart of the Matter"
Randall Zisk
Allan Heinberg
October 18, 2007 (2007-10-18)
18.04[80]

66
5
"Haunt You Every Day"
Bethany Rooney
Krista Vernoff
October 25, 2007 (2007-10-25)
18.17[81]

67
6
"Kung Fu Fighting"
Tom Verica
Stacy McKee
November 1, 2007 (2007-11-01)
19.31[82]

68
7
"Physical Attraction, Chemical Reaction"
Jeff Melman
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
November 8, 2007 (2007-11-08)
19.50[83]

69
8
"Forever Young"
Rob Corn
Mark Wilding
November 15, 2007 (2007-11-15)
19.61[84]

70
9
"Crash Into Me (Part 1)"
Michael Grossman
Shonda Rhimes & Krista Vernoff
November 22, 2007 (2007-11-22)
14.11[85]

71
10
"Crash Into Me (Part 2)"
Jessica Yu
Shonda Rhimes & Krista Vernoff
December 6, 2007 (2007-12-06)
17.78[86]

72
11
"Lay Your Hands on Me"
John Terlesky
Allan Heinberg
January 10, 2008 (2008-01-10)
17.68[87]

73
12
"Where the Wild Things Are"
Rob Corn
Zoanne Clack
April 24, 2008 (2008-04-24)
16.37[88]

74
13
"Piece of My Heart"
Mark Tinker
Stacy McKee
May 1, 2008 (2008-05-01)
15.31[89]

75
14
"The Becoming"
Julie Anne Robinson
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
May 8, 2008 (2008-05-08)
16.03[90]

76
15
"Losing My Mind"
James Frawley
Debora Cahn
May 15, 2008 (2008-05-15)
15.55[91]

77

78
16

17
"Freedom"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
May 22, 2008 (2008-05-22)
18.09[92]

text: Season 5 (2008–09)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

79

80
1

2
"Dream a Little Dream of Me"
Rob Corn

Michael Pressman
Shonda Rhimes
September 25, 2008 (2008-09-25)
18.30[93]

81
3
"Here Comes the Flood"
Michael Pressman
Krista Vernoff
October 9, 2008 (2008-10-09)
14.54[94]

82
4
"Brave New World"
Eric Stoltz
Debora Cahn
October 16, 2008 (2008-10-16)
14.57[95]

83
5
"There's No 'I' in Team"
Randy Zisk
Jenna Bans
October 23, 2008 (2008-10-23)
14.21[96]

84
6
"Life During Wartime"
James Frawley
Mark Wilding
October 30, 2008 (2008-10-30)
15.05[97]

85
7
"Rise Up"
Joanna Kerns
William Harper
November 6, 2008 (2008-11-06)
15.63[98]

86
8
"These Ties That Bind"
Eric Stoltz
Stacy McKee
November 13, 2008 (2008-11-13)
15.59[99]

87
9
"In the Midnight Hour"
Tom Verica
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
November 20, 2008 (2008-11-20)
15.74[100]

88
10
"All By Myself"
Arlene Sanford
Peter Nowalk
December 4, 2008 (2008-12-04)
15.15[101]

89
11
"Wish You Were Here"
Rob Corn
Debora Cahn
January 8, 2009 (2009-01-08)
13.71[102]

90
12
"Sympathy for the Devil"
Jeannot Szwarc
Jenna Bans
January 15, 2009 (2009-01-15)
12.95[103]

91
13
"Stairway to Heaven"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Mark Wilding
January 22, 2009 (2009-01-22)
14.25[104]

92
14
"Beat Your Heart Out"
Julie Anne Robinson
William Harper
February 5, 2009 (2009-02-05)
15.20[105]

93
15
"Before and After"
Dan Attias
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
February 12, 2009 (2009-02-12)
15.70[106]

94
16
"An Honest Mistake"
Randy Zisk
Peter Nowalk
February 19, 2009 (2009-02-19)
15.39[107]

95
17
"I Will Follow You Into the Dark"
James Frawley
Jenna Bans
March 12, 2009 (2009-03-12)
13.54[108]

96
18
"Stand By Me"
Jessica Yu
Zoanne Clack
March 19, 2009 (2009-03-19)
14.36[109]

97
19
"Elevator Love Letter"
Edward Ornelas
Stacy McKee
March 26, 2009 (2009-03-26)
15.81[110]

98
20
"Sweet Surrender"
Tony Phelan
Sonay Washington
April 23, 2009 (2009-04-23)
13.22[111]

99
21
"No Good at Saying Sorry (One More Chance)"
Tom Verica
Krista Vernoff
April 30, 2009 (2009-04-30)
13.94[112]

100
22
"What a Difference a Day Makes"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
May 7, 2009 (2009-05-07)
15.33[113]

101
23
"Here's to Future Days"
Bill D'Elia
Allan Heinberg
May 14, 2009 (2009-05-14)
15.58[114]

102
24
"Now or Never"
Rob Corn
Debora Cahn
May 14, 2009 (2009-05-14)
17.12[114]

text: Season 6 (2009–10)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

103
1
"Good Mourning"
Edward Ornelas
Krista Vernoff
September 24, 2009 (2009-09-24)
17.03[115]

104
2
"Goodbye"
Bill D'Elia
Krista Vernoff
September 24, 2009 (2009-09-24)
17.03[115]

105
3
"I Always Feel Like Somebody's Watchin' Me"
Michael Pressman
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
October 1, 2009 (2009-10-01)
15.69[116]

106
4
"Tainted Obligation"
Tom Verica
Jenna Bans
October 8, 2009 (2009-10-08)
14.13[117]

107
5
"Invasion"
Tony Phelan
Mark Wilding
October 15, 2009 (2009-10-15)
13.79[118]

108
6
"I Saw What I Saw"
Allison Liddi-Brown
William Harper
October 22, 2009 (2009-10-22)
14.67[119]

109
7
"Give Peace a Chance"
Chandra Wilson
Peter Nowalk
October 29, 2009 (2009-10-29)
13.74[112]

110
8
"Invest in Love"
Jessica Yu
Stacy McKee
November 5, 2009 (2009-11-05)
13.95[120]

111
9
"New History"
Rob Corn
Allan Heinberg
November 12, 2009 (2009-11-12)
14.87[121]

112
10
"Holidaze"
Robert Berlinger
Krista Vernoff
November 19, 2009 (2009-11-19)
14.07[122]

113
11
"Blink"
Randy Zisk
Debora Cahn
January 14, 2010 (2010-01-14)
12.73[123]

114
12
"I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked"
Donna Deitch
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)
12.65[124]

115
13
"State of Love and Trust"
Jeannot Szwarc
Stacy McKee
February 4, 2010 (2010-02-04)
12.55[125]

116
14
"Valentine's Day Massacre"
Stephen Cragg
William Harper
February 11, 2010 (2010-02-11)
12.74[126]

117
15
"The Time Warp"
Rob Corn
Zoanne Clack
February 18, 2010 (2010-02-18)
10.21[127]

118
16
"Perfect Little Accident"
Bill D'Elia
Peter Nowalk
March 4, 2010 (2010-03-04)
11.83[128]

119
17
"Push"
Chandra Wilson
Debora Cahn
March 11, 2010 (2010-03-11)
10.96[129]

120
18
"Suicide is Painless"
Jeannot Szwarc
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
March 25, 2010 (2010-03-25)
11.57[130]

121
19
"Sympathy for the Parents"
Debbie Allen
Allan Heinberg
April 1, 2010 (2010-04-01)
9.87[131]

122
20
"Hook, Line and Sinner"
Tony Phelan
Meg Marinis
April 29, 2010 (2010-04-29)
10.47[132]

123
21
"How Insensitive"
Tom Verica
William Harper
May 6, 2010 (2010-05-06)
11.03[133]

124
22
"Shiny Happy People"
Edward Ornelas
Zoanne Clack & Peter Nowalk
May 13, 2010 (2010-05-13)
11.05[134]

125
23
"Sanctuary"
Stephen Cragg
Shonda Rhimes
May 20, 2010 (2010-05-20)
13.93[135]

126
24
"Death and All His Friends"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
May 20, 2010 (2010-05-20)
16.13[135]

text: Season 7 (2010–11)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

127
1
"With You I'm Born Again"
Rob Corn
Krista Vernoff
September 23, 2010 (2010-09-23)
14.32[136]

128
2
"Shock to the System"
Tom Verica
William Harper
September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)
12.53[137]

129
3
"Superfreak"
Michael Pressman
Mark Wilding
October 7, 2010 (2010-10-07)
12.75[138]

130
4
"Can't Fight Biology"
Edward Ornelas
Peter Nowalk
October 14, 2010 (2010-10-14)
12.11[139]

131
5
"Almost Grown"
Chandra Wilson
Brian Tanen
October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)
10.97[140]

132
6
"These Arms of Mine"
Stephen Cragg
Stacy McKee
October 28, 2010 (2010-10-28)
10.79[141]

133
7
"That's Me Trying"
Tony Phelan
Austin Guzman
November 4, 2010 (2010-11-04)
11.92[142]

134
8
"Something's Gotta Give"
Jeannot Szwarc
William Harper
November 11, 2010 (2010-11-11)
11.13[143]

135
9
"Slow Night, So Long"
Rob Bailey
Zoanne Clack
November 18, 2010 (2010-11-18)
11.46[144]

136
10
"Adrift and at Peace"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
December 2, 2010 (2010-12-02)
11.02[145]

137
11
"Disarm"
Debbie Allen
Krista Vernoff
January 6, 2011 (2011-01-06)
11.64[146]

138
12
"Start Me Up"
Mark Jackson
Natalie Krinsky
January 13, 2011 (2011-01-13)
12.15[147]

139
13
"Don't Deceive Me (Please Don't Go)"
Kevin McKidd
Mark Wilding
February 3, 2011 (2011-02-03)
11.18[148]

140
14
"P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)"
Steve Robin
Austin Guzman
February 10, 2011 (2011-02-10)
10.47[149]

141
15
"Golden Hour"
Rob Corn
Stacy McKee
February 17, 2011 (2011-02-17)
10.24[150]

142
16
"Not Responsible"
Debbie Allen
Debora Cahn
February 24, 2011 (2011-02-24)
9.13[151]

143
17
"This Is How We Do It"
Edward Ornelas
Peter Nowalk
March 24, 2011 (2011-03-24)
10.28[152]

144
18
"Song Beneath the Song"
Tony Phelan
Shonda Rhimes
March 31, 2011 (2011-03-31)
13.09[153]

145
19
"It's a Long Way Back"
Steve Robin
William Harper
April 28, 2011 (2011-04-28)
10.67[154]

146
20
"White Wedding"
Chandra Wilson
Stacy McKee
May 5, 2011 (2011-05-05)
10.11[155]

147
21
"I Will Survive"
Tom Verica
Zoanne Clack
May 12, 2011 (2011-05-12)
9.63[156]

148
22
"Unaccompanied Minor"
Rob Corn
Debora Cahn
May 19, 2011 (2011-05-19)
9.89[157]

text: Season 8 (2011–12)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

149
1
"Free Falling"
Rob Corn
Tony Phelan & Joan Rater
September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22)
10.38[158]

150
2
"She's Gone"
Tony Phelan
Debora Cahn
September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22)
10.38[158]

151
3
"Take the Lead"
Chandra Wilson
William Harper
September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29)
10.20[159]

152
4
"What Is It About Men"
Tom Verica
Stacy McKee
October 6, 2011 (2011-10-06)
8.70[160]

153
5
"Love, Loss and Legacy"
Stephen Cragg
Denise Hahn
October 13, 2011 (2011-10-13)
9.97[161]

154
6
"Poker Face"
Kevin McKidd
Peter Nowalk
October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)
9.54[162]

155
7
"Put Me In, Coach"
Debbie Allen
Jeannine Renshaw
October 27, 2011 (2011-10-27)
9.93[163]

156
8
"Heart-Shaped Box"
Jessica Yu
Austin Guzman
November 3, 2011 (2011-11-03)
9.52[164]

157
9
"Dark Was the Night"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Debora Cahn
November 10, 2011 (2011-11-10)
11.29[165]

158
10
"Suddenly"
Ron Underwood
Stacy McKee
January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05)
12.12[166]

159
11
"This Magic Moment"
Steve Robin
Zoanne Clack
January 12, 2012 (2012-01-12)
10.71[167]

160
12
"Hope for the Hopeless"
Mark Jackson
Peter Nowalk
January 19, 2012 (2012-01-19)
9.42[168]

161
13
"If/Then"
Jeannot Szwarc
William Harper
February 2, 2012 (2012-02-02)
9.71[169]

162
14
"All You Need Is Love"
Rob Corn
Jeannine Renshaw
February 9, 2012 (2012-02-09)
10.27[170]

163
15
"Have You Seen Me Lately?"
Tony Phelan
Austin Guzman
February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16)
8.31[171]

164
16
"If Only You Were Lonely"
Susan Vaill
Matt Byrne
February 23, 2012 (2012-02-23)
9.06[172]

165
17
"One Step Too Far"
Edward Ornelas
William Harper
March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)
9.62[173]

166
18
"The Lion Sleeps Tonight"
Mark Jackson
Stacy McKee
April 5, 2012 (2012-04-05)
8.19[174]

167
19
"Support System"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Heather Mitchell
April 12, 2012 (2012-04-12)
8.85[175]

168
20
"The Girl With No Name"
Ron Underwood
Peter Nowalk
April 19, 2012 (2012-04-19)
9.82[176]

169
21
"Moment of Truth"
Chandra Wilson
Zakiyyah Alexander
April 26, 2012 (2012-04-26)
9.45[177]

170
22
"Let the Bad Times Roll"
Kevin McKidd
Matt Byrne
May 3, 2012 (2012-05-03)
9.24[178]

171
23
"Migration"
Stephen Cragg
Mark Wilding & Jenna Bans
May 10, 2012 (2012-05-10)
9.82[179]

172
24
"Flight"
Rob Corn
Shonda Rhimes
May 17, 2012 (2012-05-17)
11.44[180]

text: Season 9 (2012–13)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

173
1
"Going, Going, Gone"
Rob Corn
Stacy McKee
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
11.73[181]

174
2
"Remember the Time"
Tony Phelan
William Harper
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
10.84[182]

175
3
"Love the One You're With"
Debbie Allen
Zoanne Clack
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)
9.69[183]

176
4
"I Saw Her Standing There"
Kevin McKidd
Austin Guzman
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)
8.76[184]

177
5
"Beautiful Doom"
Stephen Cragg
Jeannine Renshaw
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)
9.26[185]

178
6
"Second Opinion"
Chandra Wilson
William Harper
November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)
8.84[186]

179
7
"I Was Made for Lovin' You"
Laura Innes
Peter Nowalk
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)
8.95[187]

180
8
"Love Turns You Upside Down"
Mark Jackson
Stacy McKee
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)
9.10[188]

181
9
"Run, Baby, Run"
Rob Corn
Debora Cahn
December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)
8.17[189]

182
10
"Things We Said Today"
Ron Underwood
Austin Guzman
January 10, 2013 (2013-01-10)
9.34[190]

183
11
"The End is the Beginning is the End"
Cherie Nowlan
Joan Rater
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
8.80[191]

184
12
"Walking on a Dream"
Rob Hardy
Tia Napolitano
January 24, 2013 (2013-01-24)
9.01[192]

185
13
"Bad Blood"
Steve Robin
Jeannine Renshaw
January 31, 2013 (2013-01-31)
8.93[193]

186
14
"The Face of Change"
Rob Greenlea
Stacy McKee
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
8.91[194]

187
15
"Hard Bargain"
Tony Phelan
William Harper
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
8.57[195]

188
16
"This Is Why We Fight"
Jeannot Szwarc
Austin Guzman
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
8.75[196]

189
17
"Transplant Wasteland"
Chandra Wilson
Zoanne Clack
March 14, 2013 (2013-03-14)
8.20[197]

190
18
"Idle Hands"
David Greenspan
Gabriel Llanas
March 21, 2013 (2013-03-21)
9.39[198]

191
19
"Can't Fight This Feeling"
Mark Jackson
Meg Marinis
March 28, 2013 (2013-03-28)
9.02[199]

192
20
"She's Killing Me"
Nicole Rubio
Debora Cahn
April 4, 2013 (2013-04-04)
8.58[200]

193
21
"Sleeping Monster"
Bobby Roth
Bronwyn Garrity
April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25)
8.24[201]

194
22
"Do You Believe in Magic?"
Kevin McKidd
Dan Bucatinsky
May 2, 2013 (2013-05-02)
8.87[202]

195
23
"Readiness is All"
Tony Phelan
William Harper
May 9, 2013 (2013-05-09)
8.97[203]

196
24
"Perfect Storm"
Rob Corn
Stacy McKee
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
8.99[204]

text: Season 10 (2013–14)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

197
1
"Seal Our Fate"
Rob Corn
Joan Rater
September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26)
9.27[205]

198
2
"I Want You with Me"
Chandra Wilson
Debora Cahn
September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26)
9.27[205]

199
3
"Everybody's Crying Mercy"
Tony Phelan
Tia Napolitano
October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03)
9.60[206]

200
4
"Puttin' On the Ritz"
Rob Corn
Austin Guzman
October 10, 2013 (2013-10-10)
8.79[207]

201
5
"I Bet It Stung"
Mark Jackson
Jeannine Renshaw
October 17, 2013 (2013-10-17)
8.78[208]

202
6
"Map of You"
David Greenspan
William Harper
October 24, 2013 (2013-10-24)
8.73[209]

203
7
"Thriller"
Cherie Nowlan
Gabriel Llanas
October 31, 2013 (2013-10-31)
8.94[210]

204
8
"Two Against One"
Kevin McKidd
Meg Marinis
November 7, 2013 (2013-11-07)
8.68[211]

205
9
"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word"
Jeannot Szwarc
Stacy McKee
November 14, 2013 (2013-11-14)
8.56[212]

206
10
"Somebody That I Used to Know"
Debbie Allen
Debora Cahn
November 21, 2013 (2013-11-21)
8.61[213]

207
11
"Man on the Moon"
Bobby Roth
Elizabeth J. B. Klaviter
December 5, 2013 (2013-12-05)
7.02[214]

208
12
"Get Up, Stand Up"
Tony Phelan
William Harper
December 12, 2013 (2013-12-12)
8.36[215]

209
13
"Take It Back"
Rob Corn
Austin Guzman
February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27)
9.42[216]

210
14
"You've Got to Hide Your Love Away"
Ron Underwood
Tia Napolitano
March 6, 2014 (2014-03-06)
8.21[217]

211
15
"Throwing It All Away"
Chris Hayde
William Harper
March 13, 2014 (2014-03-13)
7.36[218]

212
16
"We Gotta Get Out of This Place"
Susan Vaill
Jeannine Renshaw
March 20, 2014 (2014-03-20)
8.09[219]

213
17
"Do You Know?"
Chandra Wilson
Stacy McKee
March 27, 2014 (2014-03-27)
8.42[220]

214
18
"You Be Illin'"
Nicole Rubio
Zoanne Clack
April 3, 2014 (2014-04-03)
8.28[221]

215
19
"I'm Winning"
Kevin McKidd
Joan Rater
April 10, 2014 (2014-04-10)
8.18[222]

216
20
"Go It Alone"
Mark Jackson
Lauren Barnett
April 17, 2014 (2014-04-17)
8.45[223]

217
21
"Change of Heart"
Rob Greenlea
Meg Marinis
April 24, 2014 (2014-04-24)
7.99[224]

218
22
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together"
Rob Corn
Joan Rater
May 1, 2014 (2014-05-01)
8.81[225]

219
23
"Everything I Try to Do, Nothing Seems to Turn Out Right"
Bill D'Elia
Austin Guzman
May 8, 2014 (2014-05-08)
7.95[226]

220
24
"Fear (Of the Unknown)"
Tony Phelan
William Harper
May 15, 2014 (2014-05-15)
8.92[227]

text: Season 11 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

221
1
"I Must Have Lost it on the Wind"
Kevin McKidd
Stacy McKee
September 25, 2014 (2014-09-25)
9.81[228]

222
2
"Puzzle With a Piece Missing"
Rob Corn
William Harper
October 2, 2014 (2014-10-02)
9.15[229]

223
3
"Got to Be Real"
Rob Corn
Zoanne Clack
October 9, 2014 (2014-10-09)
8.48[230]

224
4
"Only Mama Knows"
Nicole Rubio
Mark Driscoll
October 16, 2014 (2014-10-16)
8.43[231]

225
5
"Bend & Break"
Jesse Bochco
Meg Marinis
October 23, 2014 (2014-10-23)
8.62[232]

226
6
"Don't Let's Start"
Rob Greenlea
Austin Guzman
November 6, 2014 (2014-11-06)
8.08[233]

227
7
"Could We Start Again, Please?"
Bobby Roth
Andy Reaser
November 13, 2014 (2014-11-13)
8.36[234]

228
8
"Risk"
Rob Corn
William Harper
November 20, 2014 (2014-11-20)
8.33[235]

229
9
"Where Do We Go From Here"
Debbie Allen
Meg Marinis
January 29, 2015 (2015-01-29)
8.71[236]

230
10
"The Bed's Too Big Without You"
Chandra Wilson
Tia Napolitano
February 5, 2015 (2015-02-05)
7.98[237]

231
11
"All I Could Do Was Cry"
Ron Underwood
Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter
February 12, 2015 (2015-02-12)
7.81[238]

232
12
"The Great Pretender"
Jeannot Szwarc
Mark Driscoll
February 19, 2015 (2015-02-19)
8.13[239]

233
13
"Staring at the End"
Mark Jackson
Stacy McKee
February 26, 2015 (2015-02-26)
7.56[240]

234
14
"The Distance"
Eric Laneuville
Austin Guzman
March 5, 2015 (2015-03-05)
8.09[241]

235
15
"I Feel the Earth Move"
Thomas J. Wright
Jen Klein
March 12, 2015 (2015-03-12)
7.40[242]

236
16
"Don't Dream It's Over"
Susan Vaill
Andy Reaser
March 19, 2015 (2015-03-19)
7.73[243]

237
17
"With or Without You"
Chandra Wilson
Elisabeth R. Finch
March 26, 2015 (2015-03-26)
8.18[244]

238
18
"When I Grow Up"
Zetna Fuentes
Tia Napolitano
April 2, 2015 (2015-04-02)
6.64[245]

239
19
"Crazy Love"
Paul McCrane
Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter
April 9, 2015 (2015-04-09)
7.42[246]

240
20
"One Flight Down"
David Greenspan
Austin Guzman
April 16, 2015 (2015-04-16)
7.60[247]

241
21
"How to Save a Life"
Rob Hardy
Shonda Rhimes
April 23, 2015 (2015-04-23)
9.55[248]

242

243
22

23
"She's Leaving Home"
Chris Hayden
Stacy McKee
April 30, 2015 (2015-04-30)
8.74[249]

244
24
"Time Stops"
Kevin McKidd
Meg Marinis
May 7, 2015 (2015-05-07)
7.74[250]

245
25
"You're My Home"
Rob Corn
William Harper
May 14, 2015 (2015-05-14)
8.33[251]

text: Season 12 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

246
1
"Sledgehammer"
Kevin McKidd
Stacy McKee
September 24, 2015 (2015-09-24)
9.55[252]

247
2
"Walking Tall"
Debbie Allen
Meg Marinis
October 1, 2015 (2015-10-01)
8.58[253]

248
3
"I Choose You"
Rob Corn
William Harper
October 8, 2015 (2015-10-08)
8.12[254]

249
4
"Old Time Rock and Roll"
Nicole Rubio
Austin Guzman
October 15, 2015 (2015-10-15)
8.25[255]

250
5
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"
Debbie Allen
Mark Driscoll
October 22, 2015 (2015-10-22)
8.96[256]

251
6
"The Me Nobody Knows"
Jeannot Szwarc
Karin Gist
November 5, 2015 (2015-11-05)
8.50[257]

252
7
"Something Against You"
Geary McLeod
Andy Reaser
November 12, 2015 (2015-11-12)
8.02[258]

253
8
"Things We Lost in the Fire"
Rob Corn
Tia Napolitano
November 19, 2015 (2015-11-19)
8.50[259]

254
9
"The Sound of Silence"
Denzel Washington
Stacy McKee
February 11, 2016 (2016-02-11)
8.28[260]

255
10
"All I Want Is You"
Kevin Sullivan
Elisabeth R. Finch
February 18, 2016 (2016-02-18)
7.82[261]

256
11
"Unbreak My Heart"
Rob Corn
Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter
February 25, 2016 (2016-02-25)
7.23[262]

257
12
"My Next Life"
Chandra Wilson
William Harper
March 3, 2016 (2016-03-03)
7.67[263]

258
13
"All Eyez on Me"
Charlotte Brandström
Austin Guzman
March 10, 2016 (2016-03-10)
7.53[264]

259
14
"Odd Man Out"
Kevin McKidd
Meg Marinis
March 17, 2016 (2016-03-17)
7.83[265]

260
15
"I Am Not Waiting Anymore"
Nicole Rubio
Mark Driscoll
March 24, 2016 (2016-03-24)
7.91[266]

261
16
"When It Hurts So Bad"
Eric Laneuville
Andy Reaser
March 31, 2016 (2016-03-31)
7.77[267]

262
17
"I Wear the Face"
Chandra Wilson
Karin Gist
April 7, 2016 (2016-04-07)
7.35[268]

263
18
"There's a Fine, Fine Line"
Jeannot Szwarc
Jen Klein
April 14, 2016 (2016-04-14)
7.97[269]

264
19
"It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)"
Chris Hayden
Austin Guzman
April 14, 2016 (2016-04-14)
7.97[269]

265
20
"Trigger Happy"
Zetna Fuentes
Zoanne Clack
April 21, 2016 (2016-04-21)
7.65[270]

266
21
"You're Gonna Need Someone on Your Side"
Debbie Allen
Lauren Barnett
April 28, 2016 (2016-04-28)
7.91[271]

267
22
"Mama Tried"
Kevin McKidd
Tia Napolitano
May 5, 2016 (2016-05-05)
7.66[272]

268
23
"At Last"
Rob Corn
Stacy McKee
May 12, 2016 (2016-05-12)
7.77[273]

269
24
"Family Affair"
Debbie Allen
William Harper
May 19, 2016 (2016-05-19)
8.19[274]

text: Season 13 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

270
1
"Undo"
Debbie Allen
William Harper
September 22, 2016 (2016-09-22)
8.75[275]

271
2
"Catastrophe and the Cure"
Kevin McKidd
Karin Gist
September 29, 2016 (2016-09-29)
8.41[276]

272
3
"I Ain't No Miracle Worker"
Rob Corn
Andy Reaser
October 6, 2016 (2016-10-06)
8.08[277]

273
4
"Falling Slowly"
Victoria Mahoney
Jen Klein
October 13, 2016 (2016-10-13)
7.80[278]

274
5
"Both Sides Now"
Chandra Wilson
Mark Driscoll
October 20, 2016 (2016-10-20)
8.17[279]

275
6
"Roar"
Nicole Rubio
Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter
October 27, 2016 (2016-10-27)
8.17[280]

276
7
"Why Try To Change Me Now"
Jeannot Szwarc
Austin Guzman
November 3, 2016 (2016-11-03)
7.60[281]

277
8
"The Room Where It Happens"
Debbie Allen
Meg Marinis
November 10, 2016 (2016-11-10)
7.25[282]

278
9
"You Haven't Done Nothin'"
Rob Corn
Karin Gist
November 17, 2016 (2016-11-17)
8.04[283]

279
10
"You Can Look (But You'd Better Not Touch)"
Jann Turner
Tia Napolitano
January 26, 2017 (2017-01-26)
9.59[284]

280
11
"Jukebox Hero"
Kevin Rodney Sullivan
Zoanne Clack
February 2, 2017 (2017-02-02)
8.49[285]

281
12
"None of Your Business"
Geary McLeod
Andy Reaser
February 9, 2017 (2017-02-09)
8.46[286]

282
13
"It Only Gets Much Worse"
Jeannot Szwarc
Lauren Barnett
February 16, 2017 (2017-02-16)
7.68[287]

283
14
"Back Where You Belong"
Oliver Bokelberg
Jen Klein
February 23, 2017 (2017-02-23)
7.71[288]

284
15
"Civil War"
Nicole Rubio
Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter
March 9, 2017 (2017-03-09)
7.31[289]

285
16
"Who Is He (And What Is He to You)?"
Kevin McKidd
Elisabeth R. Finch
March 16, 2017 (2017-03-16)
7.90[290]

286
17
"'Til I Hear It From You"
Kevin McKidd
Austin Guzman
March 23, 2017 (2017-03-23)
7.80[291]

287
18
"Be Still, My Soul"
Ellen Pompeo
Meg Marinis
March 30, 2017 (2017-03-30)
7.62[292]

288
19
"What's Inside"
Nzingha Stewart
Tia Napolitano
April 6, 2017 (2017-04-06)
7.23[293]

289
20
"In the Air Tonight"
Chandra Wilson
Stacy McKee
April 13, 2017 (2017-04-13)
7.06[294]

290
21
"Don't Stop Me Now"
Louis Venosta
Andy Reaser
April 27, 2017 (2017-04-27)
7.02[295]

291
22
"Leave It Inside"
Zetna Fuentes
Elisabeth R. Finch
May 4, 2017 (2017-05-04)
7.09[296]

292
23
"True Colors"
Kevin McKidd
William Harper
May 11, 2017 (2017-05-11)
7.02[297]

293
24
"Ring of Fire"
Debbie Allen
Stacy McKee
May 18, 2017 (2017-05-18)
7.92[298]

text: Season 14 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

294
1
"Break Down the House"
Debbie Allen
Krista Vernoff
September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
8.07[299]

295
2
"Get Off on the Pain"
Kevin McKidd
Krista Vernoff
September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
8.07[299]

296
3
"Go Big or Go Home"
Chandra Wilson
Meg Marinis
October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05)
8.06[300]

297
4
"Ain't That a Kick in the Head?"
Geary McLeod
Marlana Hope
October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12)
8.08[301]

298
5
"Danger Zone"
Cecilie Mosli
Jalysa Conway
October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26)
7.67[302]

299
6
"Come On Down to My Boat, Baby"
Lisa Leone
Kiley Donovan
November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)
7.38[303]

300
7
"Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story"
Debbie Allen
Krista Vernoff
November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09)
8.13[304]

301
8
"Out of Nowhere"
Kevin McKidd
William Harper
November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16)
7.52[305]

302
9
"Four Seasons in One Day"
TBA
TBA
January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)[306]
TBD

text: Specials[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Narrated by
Aired between
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Straight to the Heart"[307]
Steven W. Bailey as Joe, the Bartender
"Grandma Got Run Over By a Reindeer"
"Begin the Begin"
January 8, 2006 (2006-01-08)
16.3[308]

2
"Under Pressure"[309]
Steven W. Bailey as Joe, the Bartender
"The Name of the Game"
"Blues for Sister Someone"
April 23, 2006 (2006-04-23)
14.6[310]

3
"Complications of the Heart"[311]
Steven W. Bailey as Joe, the Bartender
"Losing My Religion"
"Time Has Come Today"
September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21)
13.7[312]

4
"Every Moment Counts"[313]
Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Denny Duquette
"My Favorite Mistake"
"Time After Time"
April 12, 2007 (2007-04-12)
12.6[314]

5
"Come Rain or Shine"[315]
Editors of People
"Didn't We Almost Have It All?"
"A Change is Gonna Come"
September 19, 2007 (2007-09-19)
7.1[316]

text: Webisodes[edit]

text: Seattle Grace: On Call[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
1
"Seattle Grace: On Call Part 1"
David Greenspan
Chris Van Dusen
October 29, 2009 (2009-10-29)

2
2
"Seattle Grace: On Call Part 2"
David Greenspan
Chris Van Dusen
November 5, 2009 (2009-11-05)

3
3
"Seattle Grace: On Call Part 3"
David Greenspan
Austin Guzman
November 26, 2009 (2009-11-26)

4
4
"Seattle Grace: On Call Part 4"
Susan Vaill
Chris Van Dusen
December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)

5
5
"Seattle Grace: On Call Part 5"
Susan Vaill
Austin Guzman
December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10)

6
6
"Seattle Grace: On Call Part 6"
Susan Vaill
Chris Van Dusen
December 17, 2009 (2009-12-17)

text: Seattle Grace: Message of Hope[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

7
1
"No Comment"
Kevin McKidd
Chris Van Dusen
October 14, 2010 (2010-10-14)

8
2
"Take One"
Kevin McKidd
Chris Van Dusen
October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)

9
3
"The Face"
David Greenspan
Chris Van Dusen
October 28, 2010 (2010-10-28)

10
4
"Nerves"
David Greenspan
Miguel Nolla
November 11, 2010 (2010-11-11)

11
5
"Award-Winning"
Kevin McKidd
Chris Van Dusen
November 18, 2010 (2010-11-18)

12
6
"The Sizzle"
Kevin McKidd
Tim Day
November 25, 2010 (2010-11-25)

text: Home video releases[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
DVD release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Discs

1
9
February 14, 2006 (2006-02-14)[317]
July 10, 2006 (2006-07-10)[318]
April 26, 2006 (2006-04-26)[319]
2

2
27
September 12, 2006 (2006-09-12)[320]
May 28, 2007 (2007-05-28)[321]
January 10, 2007 (2007-01-10)[322]
6

3
25
September 11, 2007 (2007-09-11)[323]
September 15, 2008 (2008-09-15)[324]
October 31, 2007 (2007-10-31)[325]
7

4
17
September 9, 2008 (2008-09-09)[326]
November 23, 2009 (2009-11-23)[327]
November 5, 2008 (2008-11-05)[328]
5

5
24
September 15, 2009 (2009-09-15)[329]
August 23, 2010 (2010-08-23)[330]
November 4, 2009 (2009-11-04)[331]
7

6
24
September 14, 2010 (2010-09-14)[332]
December 5, 2011 (2011-12-05)[333]
November 3, 2010 (2010-11-03)[334]
6

7
22
September 13, 2011 (2011-09-13)[335]
May 28, 2012 (2012-05-28)[336]
November 2, 2011 (2011-11-02)[337]
6

8
24
September 4, 2012 (2012-09-04)[338]
December 3, 2012 (2012-12-03)[339]
October 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)[340]
6

9
24
August 27, 2013 (2013-08-27)[341]
November 4, 2013 (2013-11-04)[342]
October 2, 2013 (2013-10-02)[343]
6

10
24
September 2, 2014 (2014-09-02)[344]
November 3, 2014 (2014-11-03)[345]
October 8, 2014 (2014-10-08)[346]
6

11
25
August 18, 2015 (2015-08-18)[347]
October 5, 2015 (2015-10-05)[348]
October 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)[346]
6

12
24
August 30, 2016 (2016-08-30)[349]
October 3, 2016 (2016-10-03)[350]
November 2, 2016 (2016-11-02)[351]
6