document_title: Designated Survivor (TV series)

question_text: who plays the wife of the president on designated survivor

text: Designated Survivor (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the night of the State of the Union speech, an explosion claims the lives of the President and everyone in the line of succession except for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Thomas Kirkman, who had been named the designated survivor. Kirkman is immediately sworn in as President, unaware that the attack is just the beginning of what is to come.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Kiefer Sutherland as Thomas "Tom" Kirkman (season 1 - present), the President of the United States and the former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, who is sworn in following an unprecedented attack.[5]
Natascha McElhone as Alexandra "Alex" Kirkman (season 1 - 2), Tom's devoted wife and a former immigration lawyer, who finds herself thrust into a role she was not prepared to take on.[6]
Adan Canto as Aaron Shore (season 1 - present), the White House Deputy Chief of Staff, who becomes Chief of Staff in the days following the bombing; he resigns after being interrogated about the attack. He works as an aide to Speaker of the House Kimble Hookstraten before returning to the White House as Tom's National Security Advisor.[7]
Italia Ricci as Emily Rhodes (season 1 - present), Tom's Chief of Staff from his days as HUD Secretary, who becomes his Special Advisor and, following Aaron's resignation, his Chief of Staff.[6]
LaMonica Garrett as Mike Ritter (season 1 - present), a Secret Service agent originally assigned to Tom's personal security detail, who tries to ensure the Kirkman family's safety following the bombing.[8]
Tanner Buchanan as Leo Kirkman (season 1;[a] recurring season 2), Tom's teenaged son, who does everything he can to support his little sister, but struggles to keep it together after a shocking secret about his past comes to light.[9]
Kal Penn as Seth Wright (season 1 - present), a speechwriter who initially harbors doubts about Tom's abilities to lead the country but quickly becomes one of his closest advisors and the new White House Press Secretary.[6]
Maggie Q as Hannah Wells (season 1 - present), an FBI agent assigned to investigate the events surrounding the bombing who suspects that the people responsible are not yet finished with what they started.[6]
Paulo Costanzo as White House Political Director Lyor Boone (season 2 - present), a highly skilled yet socially inept political consultant hired to help develop the Kirkman administration's political strategy.[10]
Zoe McLellan as White House Counsel Kendra Daynes (season 2 - present)[11]
Ben Lawson as Damian Rennett (season 2 - present), an MI6 agent assigned to find the bombing's chief architect who develops a competitive relationship with Wells.[12]

text: Jump up ^ Tanner Buchanan was credited as a series regular through season 1, episode 13. From season 1, episode 14 onward, he is credited as recurring.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Mckenna Grace as Penny Kirkman, Tom's daughter and Leo's younger sister.[9]
Peter Outerbridge as Charles Langdon, the former Chief of Staff and one of the survivors of the Capitol bombing who provides Wells with information about the conspiracy.
Malik Yoba as Jason Atwood, the Deputy Director of the FBI who initially spars with Wells over her investigation into the bombing but quickly becomes one of her most trusted allies.[13]
Kevin McNally as General Harris Cochrane, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who refuses to accept Tom as the new Commander in Chief and attempts to take matters into his own hands.[14]
Virginia Madsen as Congresswoman Kimble Hookstraten, a Republican from Missouri and the designated survivor for the Republican Party who supports Tom's authority while secretly harboring her own agenda.
Ashley Zukerman as Congressman Peter MacLeish, a third-term representative from Oregon who becomes a national hero following the bombing but struggles to hide a dark secret.[15]
George Tchortov as Nestor Lozano, a former CIA agent and wanted mercenary operating under the name "Catalan" who is heavily involved in the conspiracy.
Reed Diamond as John Forstell, the former Assistant Director of the FBI's Office of Professional Responsibility and the current Director of the FBI who occasionally assists Wells in her investigations.
Mykelti Williamson as Admiral Chernow, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who quickly becomes one of Tom's most trusted advisors.[16]
Michael Gaston as James Royce, the Governor of Michigan who openly defies the Kirkman administration and tries to establish his own supreme authority.[17]
Mariana Klaveno as Brooke Mathison, a clandestine operator in league with the people behind the Capitol bombing.
Jake Epstein as Chuck Russink, an FBI analyst who occasionally assists Wells in her investigation.
Lara Jean Chorostecki as Beth MacLeish, Peter MacLeish's wife and a member of the conspiracy who goads him into following through with their agenda.
Rob Morrow as Abe Leonard, a disgraced investigative journalist determined to expose the Kirkman administration's secrets.[18]
Geoff Pierson as Cornelius Moss, a former President of the United States whom Tom appoints as his Secretary of State.[19]
Mark Deklin as Senator Jack Bowman, a Republican from Montana who seeks to raise his national profile by opposing Tom's legislative agenda.
Kearran Giovanni as Senator Diane Hunter, a Democrat from Massachusetts and the Senate Minority Leader who has a habit of sparring with Bowman.
Terry Serpico as Patrick Lloyd, the CEO of a defunct private military firm and the mastermind behind the conspiracy.
Richard Waugh as Jay Whitaker, the Homeland Security Advisor and a member of the conspiracy.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Paul McGuigan
David Guggenheim
September 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)
10.04[20]

2
2
"The First Day"
Brad Turner
Story by : Jon Harmon Feldman
Teleplay by : David Guggenheim
September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)
7.97[21]

3
3
"The Confession"
Sergio Mimica-Gezzan
Jennifer Johnson & Paul Redford
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)
7.05[22]

4
4
"The Enemy"
Paul Edwards
Dana Ledoux Miller & Jon Harmon Feldman
October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12)
7.00[23]

5
5
"The Mission"
Paul Edwards
Sang Kyu Kim & Michael Russell Gunn
October 26, 2016 (2016-10-26)
5.96[24]

6
6
"The Interrogation"
Michael Katleman
Barbie Kligman & Jenna Richman
November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)
5.56[25]

7
7
"The Traitor"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Jennifer Johnson & Michael Russell Gunn
November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)
5.52[26]

8
8
"The Results"
Chris Grismer
Paul Redford & Sang Kyu Kim
November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
5.45[27]

9
9
"The Blueprint"
Richard J. Lewis
Dana Ledoux Miller & Michael Russell Gunn
December 7, 2016 (2016-12-07)
5.18[28]

10
10
"The Oath"
Frederick E. O. Toye
David Guggenheim
December 14, 2016 (2016-12-14)
6.18[29]

11
11
"Warriors"
Stephen Surjik
Paul Redford & Carol Flint
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
5.86[30]

12
12
"The End of the Beginning"
Mike Listo
David Guggenheim
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
5.74[31]

13
13
"Backfire"
Tara Nicole Weyr
Sang Kyu Kim & Pierluigi Cothran
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
5.21[32]

14
14
"Commander-in-Chief"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Michael Russel Gunn
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
5.15[33]

15
15
"One Hundred Days"
Kenneth Fink
Dana Ledoux Miller
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
5.19[34]

16
16
"Party Lines"
Mike Listo
Jenna Richman
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
4.82[35]

17
17
"The Ninth Seat"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Paul Redford
April 19, 2017 (2017-04-19)
5.06[36]

18
18
"Lazarus"
Chris Grismer
Jennifer Johnson
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)
5.11[37]

19
19
"Misalliance"
Norberto Barba
Dana Ledoux Miller & Jenna Richman
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)
4.62[38]

20
20
"Bombshell"
Sharat Raju
Sang Kyu Kim
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)
4.92[39]

21
21
"Brace for Impact"
Frederick E. O. Toye
David Guggenheim
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
5.07[40]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

22
1
"One Year In"
Chris Grismer
Keith Eisner
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
5.50[41]

23
2
"Sting of the Tail"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Keith Eisner
October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)
4.80[42]

24
3
"Outbreak"
Chris Grismer
Ashley Gable
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
4.61[43]

25
4
"Equilibrium"
Joe Lazarov
Paul Redford & Keith Eisner
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
4.34[44]

26
5
"Suckers"
Fred Gerber
Bill Chais
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
3.94[45]

27
6
"Two Ships"
Leslie Libman
Jessica Grasl
November 1, 2017 (2017-11-01)
3.92[46]

28
7
"Family Ties"
Milan Cheylov
Pierluigi Cothran
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
4.05[47]

29
8
"Home"
Ian Toynton
Pat Cunnane
November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
4.03[48]

30
9
"Three-Letter Day"
Jeannot Szwarc
Bill Chais & Ashley Arena
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
3.91[49]

31
10
"Line of Fire"
Chris Grismer
Keith Eisner
December 13, 2017 (2017-12-13)
4.39[50]

32
11
TBA
TBA
TBA
February 28, 2018 (2018-02-28)
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Designated Survivor was ordered straight to series by ABC in December 2015,[51] with a formal announcement of 13 episodes in May 2016.[52][53] A month later, ABC revealed that the series would premiere on September 21, 2016.[54] Eight days after the premiere, on September 29, 2016, ABC gave the series a full season order.[55]

text: Created by David Guggenheim, the series is executive produced by Simon Kinberg, Sutherland, Suzan Bymel, Aditya Sood, and Nick Pepper. Paul McGuigan directed the pilot episode. Amy B. Harris was set to be the showrunner in February 2016, but after the series' official pick-up in May, it was announced she would be stepping down due to creative differences, and that Jon Harmon Feldman was in talks to replace her.[56] In July 2016, Feldman was confirmed as showrunner/executive producer.[13] In December 2016, Jeff Melvoin was hired as showrunner, replacing the departing Feldman.[57] Kal Penn, formerly associate director in the White House's Office of Public Engagement, serves as a consultant for the series as well as acting in the main cast.[58]

text: The series is produced by ABC Studios and The Mark Gordon Company, and is filmed in Toronto, Ontario.[59]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Producers Jon Harmon Feldman and Guggenheim described the series as more than one genre, drawing inspiration from other thriller-dramas, with Guggenheim explaining, "There is a West Wing component of a man governing and his team governing our nation at this critical time. It's also the Homeland aspect of investigating the conspiracy. It also has a House of Cards component, which is the characters and the business of government through the eyes of these characters."[60][61]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Kiefer Sutherland joined the cast in December 2015, playing Tom Kirkman, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development who suddenly becomes President.[62] Sutherland had no intention of returning to television; he read the first script of the series and changed his mind, saying, "I remember getting to the end of the script and thinking I was potentially holding the next 10 years of my life in my hands."[61]

text: In February 2016, it was announced that Kal Penn, Maggie Q, Natascha McElhone, and Italia Ricci had been cast as Kirkman's speech writer; Hannah, the lead FBI agent on the bombing of the Capitol; Kirkman's wife, an EEOC attorney; and Emily, Kirkman's Chief of Staff, respectively.[6] Shortly after, Adan Canto had joined the series as Aaron Shore, the White House Deputy Chief of Staff.[7] In early March, LaMonica Garrett joined the cast as Mike Ritter, Kirkman's Secret Service agent,[8] and Tanner Buchanan and Mckenna Grace had been cast as Kirkman's children.[9]

text: In July 2016, Malik Yoba was announced for a recurring role as Jason Atwood, the seasoned Deputy Director of the FBI, to appear in seven episodes,[13] while Virginia Madsen had been cast in the recurring role of Kimble Hookstraten, a conservative Congresswoman and the designated survivor for the rival political party.[63] A month later, Ashley Zukerman joined the series in a recurring role as Peter MacLeish, an Afghan War veteran and popular third-term Congressman.[15] In September 2016, Mykelti Williamson was cast as Admiral Chernow, a career military man and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[16] On November 4, 2016, it was announced that Mariana Klaveno had been cast for the show as the Dark-Haired Woman, a clandestine operator in league with the people behind the Capitol attack.[64]

text: For the second season, Paulo Costanzo, Zoe McLellan, and Ben Lawson joined the cast as series regulars, portraying White House Political Director Lyor Boone,[10] White House Counsel Kendra Daynes,[11] and Damian Rennett,[12] respectively.

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Designated Survivor began airing on September 21, 2016, on ABC in the United States,[54] and CTV in Canada.[65] Netflix airs the series outside the U.S. and Canada, adding the episodes weekly,[66][67] with distribution handled by eOne.[68]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A teaser trailer for Designated Survivor was released on May 6, 2016,[52] with the full trailer released on May 17.[69] Producers and some of the cast members promoted the series at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2016, showing a special preview screening with co-stars Maggie Q and Kal Penn in attendance.[70]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave Season 1 of the series an approval rating of 85% based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 6.98/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kiefer Sutherland skillfully delivers the drama in Designated Survivor, a fast-paced, quickly engrossing escapist political action fantasy."[71] Metacritic reported a score of 71 out of 100 based on 35 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[72]

text: Terri Schwartz from IGN gave the first episode a rating of 8.0/10, saying, "Designated Survivor is a strong debut for a show that will fit well alongside Quantico and Scandal in ABC's government-set political drama lineup."[73] Variety said that the episode "does everything it needs to, checking off the necessary boxes for the unwilling American hero-president in efficient, compelling scenes."[74] Chuck Barney from Mercury News called the first episode "suspenseful".[75] Writing for TV Insider, Matt Roush compared Designated Survivor with other series as he said "fall's niftiest new drama has West Wing idealism, Homeland suspense and House of Cards political intrigue in its robust and compelling DNA."[76] Zack Handlen from The A.V. Club wrote positively about the show and the premiere, praising Sutherland's performance and commented on the symbol of Sutherland's glasses as he said, "The glasses he's wearing serve as a way to tell us this is a different kind of hero, but they're also a form of camouflage, making it easier for us to understand why so many people would underestimate this man."[77]

text: The editors of TV Guide placed Designated Survivor first among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–17 season. In writer Alexander Zalben's overall review, he pointed out the keys to one of the strongest pilots he had seen so far: "Designated Survivor is the rare show that delivers on the hype, and surpasses it," and later stating "It's shocking that a show can balance all of these elements, but credit a magnetic cast that hits the ground running, a crack script that makes the first hour feel like 10 minutes and, of course, Sutherland as the anchor that keeps it all grounded." Zalben's review concluded with this recommendation: "There's a reason Designated Survivor wasn't just the top pick across all of our Editors' lists, but also on the list compiled from TVGuide.com viewers' Watchlist adds: this is a show that delivers on its premise, feels timely, and most importantly, is a ton of fun."[78]

text: On the other hand, after watching the first episode of the first season, The Guardian's Brian Moylan criticized the dialogue, writing in his review that "this drama needs dialogue that won't make the citizenry's eyeballs roll", adding that the show features "meaningless platitudes" of a "we're going to do this my way" attitude, and concluded by writing, "All we're left with is a really great concept without the backing of a real leader behind it." Moylan also wrote that "there's not enough family tension for it to be a domestic drama, not enough government intrigue to make it a political show, and not enough investigation to make it a procedural."[79] TVLine's Dave Nemetz drew references between Kirkman and Jack Bauer, Kiefer Sutherland's role in drama thriller 24, writing that "Sutherland does a good job portraying Kirkman's deep ambivalence about the situation he's been handed. But when he has to play hardball with an Iranian ambassador, the tough talk comes too easily to him. It's like Kirkman has been possessed by the ghost of Jack Bauer". Nemetz also questioned the series' longevity; "As compelling as Designated Survivor's concept is, it's hard to see how it will sustain itself as a weekly series".[80]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The first episode set a record for DVR viewers with 7.67 million, surpassing the September 25, 2014, record of almost 7 million set by the pilot of How to Get Away with Murder.[81][82]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
TV Guide
Most Exciting TV Series
Designated Survivor
Won
[83]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Most Exciting New Series
Designated Survivor
Won
[84]

2017
People's Choice Awards
Favorite New TV Drama
Designated Survivor
Nominated
[85]

Favorite Actor In A New TV Series
Kiefer Sutherland
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Action/Thriller Television Series
Designated Survivor
Nominated
[86]


document_title: Fred Gwynne

question_text: how tall was the actor who played herman munster

root

text: Fred Gwynne

text: Early life[edit]

text: Fred Gwynne was born on July 10, 1926, in New York City, son of Frederick Walker Gwynne, a partner in the securities firm Gwynne Brothers, and his wife, Dorothy (Ficken).[2] His paternal grandfather was an Episcopal priest born in Camus, near Strabane, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, and his maternal grandfather was an emigrant from London, England.[2] Although Gwynne grew up in Tuxedo Park, New York,[3] he spent most of his childhood in South Carolina, Florida, and Colorado because his father traveled extensively. Fred Gwynne attended the Groton School.

tag: p

text: During World War II, Fred Gwynne served in the United States Navy, as a radioman on a submarine chaser.[4] He later studied art under the G.I. Bill before attending Harvard, where he was affiliated with Adams House, graduating in 1951. He was a member of the Fly Club, sang with the a cappella group the Harvard Krokodiloes,[5] was a cartoonist for the Harvard Lampoon (eventually becoming its president), and acted in the Hasty Pudding Theatricals shows.

text: Career[edit]

text: Gwynne joined the Brattle Theatre Repertory Company after his 1951 graduation,[6] then moved to New York City. To support himself, Gwynne worked as a copywriter for J. Walter Thompson, resigning in 1952 upon being cast in his first Broadway role, a gangster in a comedy called Mrs. McThing, which starred Helen Hayes.[6]

text: In 1954 he made his first cinematic appearance playing - in an uncredited role - the laconic character "Slim" in the Oscar-winning film On the Waterfront opposite Marlon Brando and Lee J. Cobb. Shortly afterwards Phil Silvers sought him out for his television show because he had been impressed by Gwynne's comedic work in Mrs. McThing. As a result, in 1955, Gwynne made a memorable appearance on The Phil Silvers Show, in the episode "The Eating Contest" as the character Private Ed Honnergar, whose depressive eating binges are exploited by Sgt. Bilko (Phil Silvers), who seeks prize money by entering Honnergar in an eating contest. Gwynne's second appearance on The Phil Silvers Show (in the episode "Its For The Birds" in 1956 in which Bilko persuades bird expert Honnergar to go on The $64,000 Question) and many other shows led writer-producer Nat Hiken to cast him in the sitcom Car 54, Where Are You? as Patrolman Francis Muldoon, opposite Joe E. Ross. During the two-season run of the program he met longtime friend and later co-star, Al Lewis. Gwynne was 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall, an attribute that contributed to his being cast as Herman Munster, a goofy parody of Frankenstein's monster, in the sitcom The Munsters. For his role he had to wear 40 or 50 lbs of padding, makeup, and 4-inch asphalt-spreader boots. His face was painted a bright violet because it captured the most light on the black-and-white film.[citation needed] Gwynne was known for his sense of humor and retained fond recollections of Herman[4], saying in later life, "... I might as well tell you the truth. I love old Herman Munster. Much as I try not to, I can't stop liking that fellow."[6] After his iconic role in The Munsters, he found himself typecast, unable to gain new character roles for over two years.[7] In 1969, he was cast as Jonathan Brewster in a television production of Arsenic and Old Lace. (The Brewster character had originally been played by Boris Karloff in the Broadway theater production of the play; Karloff had also famously played the movies' Frankenstein character that Gwynne's Herman Munster character would later be based on.)

text: A talented vocalist, Gwynne sang in a Hallmark Hall of Fame made-for-television production, The Littlest Angel (1969), and went on to perform in a variety of roles on stage and screen. In 1974, drawing upon his own Southern roots, he appeared in the role of Big Daddy Pollitt in the Broadway revival of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof with Elizabeth Ashley, Keir Dullea and Kate Reid. In 1975 he played the Stage Manager in Our Town at the American Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford, Connecticut. He returned to Broadway in 1976 as Colonel J. C. Kinkaid in two parts of A Texas Trilogy. In 1984, he tried out for the part of Henry on the show Punky Brewster. He is said to have withdrawn from the audition in frustration when the auditioner identified him as Herman Munster rather than by his real name.[citation needed] The role of Henry subsequently went to George Gaynes. In 1987, Fred Gwynne starred in a short-lived TV series Jake's M.O. where he played an investigative reporter.

text: Fred Gwynne's performance as Jud Crandall in Pet Sematary was based on author Stephen King himself, who is only an inch shorter than the actor, and uses a similarly thick Maine dialect. Gwynne also had roles in the movies Simon, On the Waterfront, So Fine, Disorganized Crime, The Cotton Club, Captains Courageous, The Secret of My Success, Water, Ironweed, Fatal Attraction and The Boy Who Could Fly. Despite his misgiving about having been typecast, he also agreed to reprise the role of Herman Munster for the 1981 TV reunion movie The Munsters' Revenge. Gwynne played Judge Chamberlain Haller in his last film, the 1992 comedy My Cousin Vinny. As a Yale Law School-educated judge in the film, he used a Southern accent in his verbal sparring with Joe Pesci's character, Vincent "Vinny" Gambini.

text: In addition to his acting career, Gwynne sang professionally, painted, and wrote and illustrated children's books, including Best In Show (later titled It's Easy to See Why), A Chocolate Moose for Dinner, The King Who Rained, Pondlarker, The Battle of the Frogs and Mice, and A Little Pigeon Toad. Many of these efforts were based on children's frequent misperceptions of things they hear from adults, such as the "chocolate moose for dinner," which was illustrated as a large brown quadruped seated at the dinner table. The other books on this theme were "The King Who Rained", "A Little Pigeon Toad" (in which a child's mother thus describes her father), and "The Sixteen Hand Horse".[4] Perhaps one of the reasons the books did not achieve wider popularity initially was the fact that their format was geared to a very young audience, but the concept itself was more appealing to older children and adults, achieving critical success and eventually becoming regular bestsellers for their publisher.[4] He also lent his voice talents to commercials and radio shows such as CBS Radio Mystery Theater ("Kill Now and Pay Later", "Gate 27"), and for some radio fans, he is known foremost for his contribution to CBSRMT's success. Later, he held a number of shows of his artwork, the first in 1989.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In 1952, Gwynne married socialite Jean "Foxy" Reynard,[7] a granddaughter of New York City mayor William Jay Gaynor.[1] Before divorcing in 1980, the couple had five children: Gaynor (daughter, b. 1952); Kieron (son, b. 1954); Evan (son, b. 1956); Madyn (daughter, b. 1958) and Dylan (son, b. 1960 / d. 1963, drowning).[8][9]

text: In 1988, Gwynne married Deborah Flater.[8]

text: Death[edit]

text: Fred Gwynne died of complications from pancreatic cancer,[8] in his cigar room at his home in Taneytown, Maryland, on July 2, 1993, eight days short of his 67th birthday.[10] He is buried at Sandy Mount United Methodist Church Cemetery in Finksburg, Maryland.[11]

text: Partial filmography[edit]

text:
Escape From Limbo (1953) as member of bar room scene singing group (uncredited) Pennsylvania RR training film produced by Unifilms
On the Waterfront (1954) as Slim (uncredited)
Car 54, Where Are You? (60 episodes, 1961–1963) as Officer Francis Muldoon
The Munsters (72 episodes, 1964–1966) as Herman Munster
Munster, Go Home! (1966) as Herman Munster
The Littlest Angel (1969) as Patience the Guardian Angel
Dames at Sea (1971) as Hennesy
Captains Courageous (1977) as Long Jack
La Luna (1979) as Douglas Winter
Simon (1980) as Maj. Gen. Korey
So Fine (1981) as Chairman Lincoln
The Mysterious Stranger (1982) as Balthasar Hoffman
The Cotton Club (1984) as Frenchy Demange
Water (1985) as Spender
Kane & Abel (1985) as Davis LeRoy
Off Beat (1986) as Police Commissioner
The Boy Who Could Fly (1986) as Uncle Hugo
The Christmas Star (1986) as Waters
The Secret of My Success (1987) as Donald Davenport
Fatal Attraction (1987) as Arthur
Ironweed (1987) as Oscar Reo
Jake's M.O. (1987) as Jake Tekulve
Disorganized Crime (1989) as Max Green
Pet Sematary (1989) as Jud Crandall
Shadows and Fog (1991) as Hacker's Follower
My Cousin Vinny (1992) as Judge Chamberlain Haller

tag: ul


document_title: The Notebook

question_text: where does the movie the notebook take place

text: The Notebook

text: Plot[edit]

text: At a modern-day nursing home, an elderly man, Duke, reads a romantic story from his notebook to a fellow patient.

text: In 1940, Seabrook Island, South Carolina, Noah Calhoun is smitten with 17 year old heiress Allison "Allie" Hamilton after seeing her at a carnival, and they have a summer love affair. Noah takes Allie to an abandoned house that he intends to buy for them. They try to make love, but are interrupted by Noah's friend Fin with the news that Allie's parents have the police looking for her.

text: When Allie and Noah return to her parents' mansion, Allie's mother Anne calls Noah trash and they ban her from seeing Noah. Noah walks out and Allie chases after him. The ensuing argument between the two ends in a break up and the next morning, Anne announces that the family is returning home to Charleston. Allie attempts to contact Noah, but is unable to find him, so she asks Fin to tell Noah that she loves him. When Noah gets the message he rushes to Allie's home, only to find the house empty.

text: Noah writes to Allie every day for a year but Anne intercepts the letters and they never reach Allie. Noah enlists with Fin to fight in World War II, where Fin is killed in battle. Allie volunteers in a hospital for wounded soldiers, where she meets officer Lon Hammond Jr., a young lawyer who comes from old Southern money. The two become engaged, to the delight of Allie's parents.

text: When Noah returns from the war, his father has sold their home so that Noah can buy the abandoned house. While visiting Charleston, Noah witnesses Allie and Lon kissing at a restaurant; he convinces himself that if he restores the house, Allie will come back to him. Allie is startled to read in the newspaper that Noah has completed the house to the specifications she made years before.

text: Allie returns to Seabrook to find Noah living in the restored house. The two renew their relationship and make love. In the morning, Anne appears on Noah's doorstep, warning Allie that Lon has followed her to Seabrook. Anne reveals that in her youth she had been in love with a lower-class young man and still thinks of him. She then gives Allie the letters that Noah wrote to her, admitting that she hid them from Allie. Allie confesses to Lon that she has been spending time with Noah, and tells him she knows she should be with him, but she remains indecisive. Ultimately, she goes back to her relationship with Noah.

text: In the present, it is revealed that the elderly woman is Allie, who is suffering from dementia. Duke is actually Noah, and was told by Allie during the onset of her illness to reread their journals to help her remember. She briefly remembers who he is and they reconcile, but soon forgets and panics, forcing medical personnel to sedate her. Noah has a heart attack and is sent to the hospital while Allie is sent to a dementia ward in the hospital. He visits her room in the middle of the night, and she remembers him again, expressing that she may forget again. Noah reassures her that they can do anything with the love they share, and fall asleep together in Allie's bed, dying in their sleep with a nurse discovering them in the morning.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ryan Gosling as Noah Calhoun
Rachel McAdams as Allison "Allie" Hamilton
James Garner as Old Noah Calhoun / "Duke"
Gena Rowlands as Old Allie Calhoun (née Hamilton)
Joan Allen as Anne Hamilton
James Marsden as Lon Hammond, Jr.
Jamie Brown as Martha Shaw
Sam Shepard as Frank Calhoun
David Thornton as John Hamilton
Kevin Connolly as Fin
Heather Wahlquist as Sara Tuffington
Ed Grady as Harry
Obba Babatunde as Bandleader
Mark Johnson as Photographer
Starletta DuPois as Nurse Esther
William Sattelberg as Ryan Gosling's stunt double

text: Production[edit]

text: The film rights to Nicholas Sparks's novel were acquired by New Line Cinema in 1996, represented by producer Mark Johnson.[8] Jeremy Leven was hired to write the script, which caught the attention of director Steven Spielberg in 1998,[9] who wished to film it with Tom Cruise as Noah Calhoun.[10] Spielberg's commitment to other projects led to Jim Sheridan becoming attached to direct the following year. Filming was to start in 1999 but pushed back over rewrites.[11] Sheridan eventually backed out by October 2000 to work on In America.[12] Martin Campbell entered negotiations to direct in March 2001,[10] before he was replaced by Nick Cassavetes a year later.[13]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Cassavetes wanted someone unknown and "not handsome" to portray Noah; he therefore cast Ryan Gosling in the role.[14] Gosling was initially surprised by this: "I read [the script] and I thought, 'He's crazy. I couldn't be more wrong for this movie.' "[15] "It gave me an opportunity to play a character over a period of time - from 1940 to 1946 - that was quite profound and formative."[16] To prepare for the part, Gosling temporarily moved to Charleston, South Carolina prior to filming. During two months, he rowed the Ashley River and made furniture.[17] A nationwide search was conducted to find the right actress to play Allie. Actresses who auditioned for the role included Jessica Biel,[18] Britney Spears,[19] Ashley Judd, and Reese Witherspoon,[20] and Rachel McAdams was ultimately cast.[16] On casting her, Cassavetes said: "When Rachel McAdams came in and read, it was apparent that she was the one. She and Ryan had great chemistry between them." She commented: "I thought it would be a dream to be able to do it. I read the script and went into the audition just two days later. It was a good way to do it, because I was very full of the story."[21] Gosling commented that, "I think that it's pretty fair to say that we probably wouldn't have made the film if we hadn't found Rachel...Really, Allie drives the movie. It's her movie and we're in it. It all kind of depended on an actress."[22] In comparison to the book, the role was extended.[23] McAdams spent time in Charleston before filming to familiarize herself with the surroundings,[24] and took ballet and etiquette classes.[25] She had a dialect coach to learn the Southern accent.[26]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The Notebook was filmed mostly on location in South Carolina, in late 2002 and early 2003, as well as the wintery battlefield just outside Montreal, Quebec.[16][27] Production offices for the film were set up at the old Charleston Naval Base in North Charleston.[28]

text: Much of the film's plot takes place in and around Seabrook Island, an actual town which is one of the South Carolina "sea islands." It is located 20 miles southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. However, none of the filming took place in the Seabrook area. The house that Noah is seen fixing up is a private residence at Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina,[29] which is another "sea island" locality situated 10 miles closer to Charleston. The house was not actually in a dilapidated state at any time, but it was made to look that way by special effects in the first half of the film. Contrary to the suggestion in the film's dialogue, neither the house nor the Seabrook area was home to South Carolina Revolutionary hero Francis Marion, whose plantation was actually located some distance northwest of Charleston.[30] The Boone Hall Plantation served as Allie's summer house.[29]

text: Many of the scenes set in Seabrook were filmed in the town of Mt. Pleasant, (a suburb of Charleston). Others were filmed in Charleston and in Edisto Island. The lake scenes were filmed at Cypress Gardens (in Moncks Corner, South Carolina)[29] with trained birds that were brought in from elsewhere.[31]

text: The nursing home scenes were filmed at Rice Hope Plantation,[32] located in Georgetown County, South Carolina. The college depicted briefly in the film is identified in the film as Sarah Lawrence College, but the campus that is seen is actually the College of Charleston.[29]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film premiered June 25, 2004, in the United States and Canada and grossed $13,464,745 in 2,303 theaters its opening weekend, ranking number 4 at the box office.[33] The film grossed a total of $115,603,229 worldwide, $81,001,787 in Canada and the United States and $34,601,442 in other countries.[2] It is the 15th highest-grossing romantic drama film of all time.[34]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Notebook received a mixed reaction from film critics. Based on 155 reviews on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 52% of critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 5.7/10 and the website's consensus stating "It's hard not to admire its unabashed sentimentality, but The Notebook is too clumsily manipulative to rise above its melodramatic clichés."[35] At Metacritic, which assigns an average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film currently holds an average score of 53, based on 34 reviews, which indicates "mixed or average reviews."[36]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film, awarding it three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling the photography "striking in its rich, saturated effects" and stating that the "actors are blessed by good material."[37] Peter Lowry of Film Threat gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of five; praising the performances of both Gosling and McAdams, he wrote: "Gosling and especially McAdams give all-star performances, doing just enough to hand the reins over to the pros, who take what's left of the film and finish the audience off with some touching scenes that don't leave a dry eye in the house." About the film itself he added: "Overall, The Notebook is a surprisingly good film that manages to succeed where many other "chick flick" like romances fail."[38]

text: Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, stating that "the scenes between the young lovers confronting adult authority have the same seething tension and lurking hysteria that the young Warren Beatty and Natalie Wood brought more than 40 years ago to their roles in Splendor in the Grass."[39] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post also gave the film a positive review, she also praised the performances of Gosling and McAdams, stating: "Never mind that McAdams and Gosling don't for a minute call to mind 1940s America; they're both suitably attractive and appealing. Gosling, who delivered a searing and largely unseen screen debut performance in the 2001 drama The Believer, is particularly convincing as a young man who charms his way past a girl's strongest defenses." About the film, she added: "Audiences craving big, gooey over-the-top romance have their must-see summer movie in The Notebook."[40] William Arnold of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer praised the performance of McAdams but criticized the performance of Gosling, stating that he "just doesn't have the kind of star power or chemistry with McAdams to anchor this kind of minor-league Gone with the Wind." He also added about the film that it "doesn't completely work on its own terms, mainly because its romantic casting just doesn't spark: It doesn't make us fall in love with its lovers."[41] Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe gave the film two-and-a-half stars, praising the performances of its cast members, writing about McAdams that "she's soulfully committed to the suds in the story and fiercely attentive to the other actors". He added about Gosling: "Gosling is adept at playing sociopaths and intense brooders, and there's reason to think, early on, that Noah might be similarly off, as when he threatens to drop from a Ferris wheel unless Allie agrees to go on a date with him." About the film, he wrote: "Considering the sunny, relatively pleasurable romantic business that precedes it, the elderly stuff seems dark, morbid, and forced upon us."[42]

text: Jessica Winter of The Village Voice gave the film a mixed review, stating: "Amid the sticky-sweet swamp of Jeremy Leven's script, Rowlands and Garner emerge spotless and beatific, lending a magnanimous credibility to their scenes together. These two old pros slice cleanly through the thicket of sap-weeping dialogue and contrivance, locating the terror and desolation wrought by the cruel betrayals of a failing mind."[43] Robert Koehler of Variety magazine also gave the film a mixed review, he however, praised the performances, writing that "already one of the most intriguing young thesps, Gosling extends his range to pure romance without sacrificing a bit of his naturally subversive qualities, and even seems comfortable looking beautiful in a manly American way. The head-turner is McAdams, doing such a different perf from her top bitch in Mean Girls that it's hard to tell it's the same actor. She skillfully carries much of the film's emotional weight with a free and easy manner."[44]

text: In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly included Allie and Noah in its list of the "100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years."[45] The periodical listed The Notebook in their 25 Sexiest Movies Ever.[46] Us Weekly included the film in their list of the 30 Most Romantic Movies of All Time.[47] Boston.com ranked the film the third Top Romantic Movie.[48] The Notebook appeared on Moviefone's list of the 25 Best Romance Movies of All Time.[49] Marie Claire also put the film on its list of the 12 Most Romantic Movie Scenes of All Time.[50] In 2011, The Notebook was named the best chick-flick during ABC News and People's television special Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time.[51] The scene where Noah climbs the Ferris Wheel because he wants a date with Allie made the list of Total Film's 50 Most Romantic Movie Moments of All Time.[52] The kiss in the rain was ranked no. 4 in Total Film's 50 Best Movie Kisses list.[53]154

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

2004
Golden Trailer Awards[54]
Best Romance

Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[55]
Choice Movie of the Summer

Nominated

Choice Breakout Movie Star
Rachel McAdams
Nominated

2005
Artios Awards[56]
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Feature Film, Drama
Matthew Barry and Nancy Green-Keyes
Nominated

Golden Satellite Awards[55]
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Gena Rowlands
Won

MTV Movie Awards[57]
Best Female Performance
Rachel McAdams
Nominated

Best Kiss
Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling
Won

Screen Actors Guild Awards[58]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
James Garner
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[59]
Choice Movie Drama

Won

Choice Date Movie

Won

Choice Movie Actor – Drama
Ryan Gosling
Won

Choice Movie Actress – Drama
Rachel McAdams
Won

Choice Movie Breakout Performance – Male
Ryan Gosling
Won

Choice Movie Chemistry
Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling
Won

Choice Movie Liplock
Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling
Won

Choice Movie Love Scene
Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling
Won

tag: table

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Notebook was released on DVD on February 8, 2005 and Blu-ray on May 4, 2010.[60] By February 2010, the film had sold over 11 million copies on DVD.[61]

text: Music[edit]

text: The soundtrack to The Notebook was released on June 8, 2004.

text:
No.
Title
Artist
Length

1.
"Main Title"
Aaron Zigman
2:49

2.
"Overture"
Aaron Zigman
6:16

3.
"I'll Be Seeing You"
Billie Holiday
3:33

4.
"Alabamy Home"
Duke Ellington
3:02

5.
"Allie Returns"
Aaron Zigman
5:07

6.
"House Blues / The Porch Dance / The Proposal / The Carnival"
Aaron Zigman
8:04

7.
"Noah's Journey"
Aaron Zigman
6:03

8.
"Always And Always"
Benny Goodman & His Orchestra
3:17

9.
"A String of Pearls"
Glenn Miller & His Orchestra
3:16

10.
"On The Lake"
Aaron Zigman
5:39

11.
"Diga Diga Doo"
Rex Stewart And The Ellingtonians
4:16

12.
"One O'Clock Jump"
Benny Goodman & His Orchestra
3:15

13.
"I'll Be Seeing You"
Jimmy Durante
3:13

14.
"Noah's Last Letter"
Aaron Zigman
4:32

15.
"Our Love Can Do Miracles"
Aaron Zigman
4:31

Total length:
66:53[62]

text: Television series[edit]

text: On August 11, 2015, it was reported that a television series is in development by The CW.[63] The series will follow Noah and Allie's courtship following the events of the film, and in a post-WWII world.


document_title: Ed Wynn

question_text: who is the voice of the mad hatter

question_tokens: who is the voice of the mad hatter

text: Ed Wynn

text: Background[edit]

text: Ed Wynn was an American comedian who was born Isaiah Edwin Leopold in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father, who manufactured and sold women's hats, was born in Bohemia. His mother, of Romanian and Turkish ancestry, came from Istanbul.[2] Wynn attended Central High School in Philadelphia until age 15.[3] He ran away from home in his teens, worked as a hat salesman, and as a utility boy,[3] and eventually adapted his middle name "Edwin" into his new stage name, "Ed Wynn", to save his family the embarrassment of having a lowly comedian as a relative.

text: Early career[edit]

text: Wynn began his career in vaudeville in 1903[4][5] and was a star of the Ziegfeld Follies starting in 1914. During The Follies of 1915, W. C. Fields allegedly caught Wynn mugging for the audience under the table during his "Pool Room" routine and knocked him unconscious with his cue.[6] Wynn wrote, directed, and produced many Broadway shows in the subsequent decades, and was known for his silly costumes and props as well as for the giggly, wavering voice he developed for the 1921 musical review, The Perfect Fool.

text: Radio[edit]

text: Although many gag writers later provided material for Wynn's performances in radio, television and movies, he was proud to boast that he had written every line he ever spoke during his early career as a stage performer.[citation needed]

text: In the early 1930s Wynn hosted the popular radio show The Fire Chief, heard in North America on Tuesday nights, sponsored by Texaco gasoline. Like many former vaudeville performers who turned to radio in the same decade, the stage-trained Wynn insisted on playing for a live studio audience, doing each program as an actual stage show, using visual bits to augment his written material, and in his case, wearing a colorful costume with a red fireman's helmet. He usually bounced his gags off announcer/straight man Graham McNamee; Wynn's customary opening, "Tonight, Graham, the show's gonna be different," became one of the most familiar tag-lines of its time; a sample joke: "Graham, my uncle just bought a new second-handed car... he calls it Baby! I don't know, it won't go anyplace without a rattle!"

text: Wynn reprised his Fire Chief radio character in two movies, Follow the Leader (1930) and The Chief (1933). Near the height of his radio fame (1933) he founded his own short-lived radio network the Amalgamated Broadcasting System, which lasted only five weeks, nearly destroying the comedian. According to radio historian Elizabeth McLeod, the failed venture left Wynn deep in debt, divorced and finally, suffering a nervous breakdown.[7]

text: Wynn was offered the title role in MGM's 1939 screen adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but turned it down, as did his Ziegfeld contemporary W. C. Fields. The part went to Frank Morgan.

text: Television[edit]

text: Ed Wynn first appeared on television on July 7, 1936 in a brief, ad-libbed spot with Graham McNamee during an NBC experimental television broadcast. In the 1949–50 season, Ed Wynn hosted one of the first network, comedy-variety television shows, on CBS, and won both a Peabody Award and an Emmy Award in 1949. Buster Keaton, Lucille Ball, and The Three Stooges all made guest appearances with Wynn. This was the first CBS variety television show to originate from Los Angeles, which was seen live on the west coast, but filmed via kinescope for distribution in the Midwest and East, as the national coaxial cable had yet to be completed.[8] Wynn was also a rotating host of NBC's Four Star Revue from 1950 through 1952.

text: After the end of Wynn's third television series, The Ed Wynn Show (a short-lived situation comedy on NBC's 1958–59 schedule), his son, actor Keenan Wynn, encouraged him to make a career change rather than retire. The comedian reluctantly began a career as a dramatic actor in television and movies. Father and son appeared in three productions, the first of which was the 1956 Playhouse 90 broadcast of Rod Serling's play Requiem for a Heavyweight. Ed was terrified of straight acting and kept goofing his lines in rehearsal. When the producers wanted to fire him, star Jack Palance said he would quit if they fired Ed. (However, unbeknownst to Wynn, supporting player Ned Glass was his secret understudy in case something did happen before air time.) On live broadcast night, Wynn surprised everyone with his pitch-perfect performance, and his quick ad libs to cover his mistakes. A dramatization of what happened during the production was later staged as an April 1960 Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse episode, "The Man in the Funny Suit", starring both senior and junior Wynns, with key figures involved in the original production also portraying themselves. Ed and his son also worked together in the Jose Ferrer film The Great Man, with Ed again proving his unexpected skills in drama.

text: Requiem established Wynn as a serious dramatic actor who could easily hold his own with the best. His role in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) won him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

text: Also in 1959, Wynn appeared on Serling's TV series The Twilight Zone in "One for the Angels". Serling, a longtime admirer, had written that episode especially for him, and Wynn later in 1963 starred in the episode "Ninety Years Without Slumbering". For the rest of his life, Wynn skillfully moved between comic and dramatic roles. He appeared in feature films and anthology television, endearing himself to new generations of fans.

text: Cartoons[edit]

text: Wynn was caricatured in the Merrie Melodies cartoon shorts Shuffle Off to Buffalo (1933) and I've Got to Sing a Torch Song (1933), and as a pot of jam in the Betty Boop short Betty in Blunderland (1934).

text: Films[edit]

text: He appeared as the Fairy Godfather in Jerry Lewis' Cinderfella. His performance as Paul Beaseley in the 1958 film The Great Man earned him nominations for a Golden Globe Award for "Best Supporting Actor" and a BAFTA Award for "Best Foreign Actor". The following year he received his first (and only) nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Mr. Dussell in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959). Six years later he appeared in the Bible epic The Greatest Story Ever Told.

text: Disney[edit]

text: Wynn provided the voice of the Mad Hatter in Walt Disney's film, Alice in Wonderland and played The Toymaker alongside Annette Funicello and Tommy Sands in Walt Disney's Babes in Toyland released in 1961.

text: Possibly his best-remembered film appearance was in Walt Disney's Mary Poppins (1964), in which he played eccentric man Uncle Albert floating around just beneath the ceiling in uncontrollable mirth, singing "I Love to Laugh".

text: Re-teaming with the Disney team the following year, in That Darn Cat! (1965) featuring Dean Jones and Hayley Mills, Wynn filled out the character of Mr. Hofstedder, the watch jeweler with his bumbling charm. He also had brief roles in The Absent Minded Professor (as the fire chief, in a scene alongside his son Keenan Wynn, who played the film's antagonist) and Son of Flubber (as county agricultural agent A.J. Allen). His final performance, as Rufus in Walt Disney's The Gnome-Mobile, was released a few months after his death.

text: In addition to Disney films, Wynn was also an actor in the Disneyland production The Golden Horseshoe Revue.

text: Death[edit]

text: Wynn died June 19, 1966 in Beverly Hills, California of throat cancer,[3] aged 79. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, in The Great Mausoleum, Daffodil Corridor, Columbarium of the Dawn, alongside his son Keenan Wynn, his granddaughter Emily Wynn (February 13, 1960 – November 27, 1980), who died from lupus and his older sister Blanche Leopold (May 18, 1880 – December 26, 1973). His bronze grave marker reads "Dear God, Thanks... Ed Wynn". According to his granddaughter Hilda Levine, Walt Disney, who would die just a few months later, served as one of his casket bearers. Red Skelton, who was discovered by Wynn, stated: "His death is the first time he ever made anyone sad."[9]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Wynn's distinct voice was deliberately emulated by Alan Tudyk for the character King Candy in Disney's animated film Wreck-It Ralph.[10]

text: Wynn was posthumously named a Disney Legend on August 10, 2013.[11]

text: Broadway and films[edit]

text:
The Deacon and the Lady (1910) – musical – actor/performer
Ziegfeld Follies of 1914 (1914) – revue – actor/performer
Ziegfeld Follies of 1915 (1915) – revue – actor/performer
The Passing Show of 1916 (1916) – revue – actor/performer
Sometime (1918) – play – actor
Ed Wynn's Carnival (1920) – revue – composer, lyricist, book-writer and performer/actor
The All-Star Idlers of 1921 (1921) – revue – actor/performer
The Perfect Fool (1921) – revue – composer, lyricist, book-writer, director and actor/performer
The Grab Bag (1924) – revue – producer, composer, lyricist, book-writer and actor/performer
Manhattan Mary (1927) – musical – actor in the role of "Crickets"
Rubber Heels (1927) – actor (as Homer Thrush)
Simple Simon (1930) – musical – co-book-writer and actor

Revived in 1931 (was also producer in addition to above roles)

Follow the Leader (1930) – actor (as Crickets)
The Laugh Parade (1931) – revue – producer, co-book-writer, director, originator and star actor/performer
Turn Back the Clock (1933) – actor (as Cigar Store Customer), uncredited
The Chief (1933) – actor (as Henry Summers)
Midsummer Night's Dream (1935) – actor, uncredited
Alice Takat (1936) – play – producer
Hooray for What! (1937) – musical – actor in the role of "Chuckles"
Boys and Girls Together (1940) – revue – producer, co-book-writer, originator, director and actor/performer
Morose Thoughts (1941) – revue – producer, book co-author, and actor
Laugh, Town, Laugh! (1942) – revue – producer, book-writer and director
Stage Door Canteen (1943) – himself (Ed Wynn)
Alice in Wonderland (1951) – voice actor (as Mad Hatter)
The Great Man (1956) – actor (as Paul Beaseley)
Marjorie Morningstar (1958) – actor (as uncle Samson)
Wagon Train (1959) - Episode "The Cappy Darrin Story" - Actor (as Cappy Darrin)
The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) – actor (as Fritz Pfeffer)
The Twilight Zone episode "One for the Angels" (1959) – actor (as Lou Bookman)
Cinderfella (1960) – actor (as the fairy godfather)
The Absent-Minded Professor (1961) – actor (as Fire Chief)
Babes in Toyland (1961) – actor (as The Toy Maker)
Rawhide TV (1961) – (Twenty Five Santa Clauses)
The Sound of Laughter (1962) – actor (as host and narrator)
The Twilight Zone episode "Ninety Years Without Slumbering" (1963) – actor (as Sam Forstmann)
Son of Flubber (1963 film) – actor (as Dept. of Agriculture agent)
The Patsy (1964) – actor (as Ed Wynn)
Mary Poppins (1964) – actor (as Uncle Albert)
Dear Brigitte (1965 film) – actor (as The Captain and Narrator)
Those Calloways (1965) – actor (as Ed Parker)
Bonanza episode "The Ponderosa Birdman" (1965) – actor (as Professor Phineas T. Klump)
The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965 film) – actor (as Old Aram)
That Darn Cat! (1965) – actor (as Mr. Hofstedder)
The Daydreamer (1966) – voice actor (as The Emperor)
The Gnome-Mobile (1967) – actor (as Rufus) – released after his death (final film role)

text: Listen to[edit]

text: Radio Journeys: Texaco Fire Chief (July 26, 1932)


document_title: Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church

question_text: when is the sacrament of anointing of the sick administered

text: Introduction[edit]

text: Sacramental graces[edit]

text: The Catholic Church sees the effects of the sacrament as follows: As the sacrament of Marriage gives grace for the married state, the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick gives grace for the state into which people enter through sickness. Through the sacrament a gift of the Holy Spirit is given, that renews confidence and faith in God and strengthens against temptations to discouragement, despair and anguish at the thought of death and the struggle of death; it prevents the believer from losing Christian hope in God's justice, truth and salvation. Because one of the effects of the sacrament is to absolve the recipient of any sins not previously absolved through the sacrament of penance, only an ordained priest or bishop may administer the sacrament.[7][8]

text: "The special grace of the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick has as its effects:

text:
the uniting of the sick person to the passion of Christ, for his own good and that of the whole Church;
the strengthening, peace, and courage to endure in a Christian manner the sufferings of illness or old age;
the forgiveness of sins, if the sick person was not able to obtain it through the sacrament of penance;
the restoration of health, if it is conducive to the salvation of his soul;
the preparation for passing over to eternal life."[9]

text: An extensive account of the teaching of the Catholic Church on Anointing of the Sick is given in Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1499–1532.

text: Biblical references[edit]

text: The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5:14–15: "Is any man sick among you? Let him bring in the priests of the church and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith shall save the sick man. And the Lord shall raise him up: and if he be in sins, they shall be forgiven him." Matthew 10:8, Luke 10:8–9 and Mark 6:13 are also quoted in this regard.

text: Names for the sacrament[edit]

text: In the past, the usual name of the sacrament in official documents of the Catholic Church was Extreme Unction (meaning, Final Anointing), a name attached to it when it was administered as one of the "Last Rites". Peter Lombard (died 1160) is the first writer known to have used the term,[10] which did not become the usual name in the West till towards the end of the twelfth century, and never became current in the East.[11] The word "extreme" (final) indicated either that it was the last of the sacramental unctions (after the anointings at Baptism, Confirmation and, if received, Holy Orders) or because at that time it was normally administered only when a patient was in extremis.[10] In the early 1970s the official name was changed to Anointing of the Sick to reflect Church teaching, which had been present in the past.[12][13] "Extreme Unction" continues in popular use among those who prefer to keep the terminology that was customary before the Second Vatican Council (see Traditionalist Catholic).

text: The sacrament has also been known by various other names in Western Christianity throughout the years, including: the holy oil or unction of the sick; the unction or blessing of consecrated oil; the unction of God; the office of the unction. In the Eastern Church it is technically known as euchelaion (i.e., prayer-oil); other names used include: elaion hagion (holy), elaion, elaiou Chrisis, chrisma, or hegismenon (consecrated).[11]

text: Administration[edit]

text: In the Catholic Code of Canon Law, Canon 1004 states who may receive the sacrament: "The anointing of the sick can be administered to a member of the faithful who, having reached the use of reason, begins to be in danger due to sickness or old age." When new illness develops or first illness relapses or worsens, the patient may receive the sacrament a further time. Anointing of the Sick may also be given numerous times in the case of old age or chronic illness based on the pastoral judgment of the priest.[14] The sacrament, as any sacrament, can only be given to someone who is alive; however, as the moment when the soul is entirely separated from the body (the traditional definition of death) is not known with precision, people can also be anointed conditionally (the sacramental formula preceded by "if thou art alive") during a brief time after already considered dead in the medicinal sense.

text: The sacrament of anointing can be administered to an individual whether at home, in a hospital or institution, or in church. Several sick persons may be anointed within the rite, especially if the celebration takes place in a church or hospital. The celebration may also take place during a Catholic Mass.

text: Relationship with the "Last Rites"[edit]

text: Anointing of the Sick is one of, and often administered during, the rituals known as the Last Rites. However, the term "Last Rites" is not equivalent to "Anointing of the Sick", since it refers also to two other distinct rites: the sacraments of Reconciliation and Communion, the last of which is known as "Viaticum" (Latin:"provision for the journey") when administered to the dying. The normal order of administration of the rites is: first Reconciliation (if the dying person is physically unable to confess, absolution is given conditionally on the existence of contrition), then Anointing, then Viaticum.

text: Of the Last Rites, only a priest or bishop can administer the Sacraments of Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick. In the absence of a priest these sacraments cannot be administered, but a lay person may give a dying person Holy Communion, which in this case is "Viaticum, the Last Sacrament of the Christian".[8][15]

text: Established form[edit]

text: The oil used in the sacrament is usually olive oil, though other oils may also be used.[16] It is blessed by the bishop of the diocese at the Chrism Mass he celebrates on Holy Thursday or on a day close to it. In case of necessity, the priest administering the sacrament may bless the oil within the framework of the celebration.[17]

text: In the Roman Rite of the Latin Church, the priest anoints the sick person's forehead and hands with oil (usually in the form of a cross), saying: "Through this holy anointing, may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit. May the Lord who frees you from sin save you and raise you up." He may also, in accordance with local culture and traditions, and the needs of the sick person, anoint other parts of the body, but without repeating the sacramental formula.

text: This is the form established for the Roman Rite through the papal document Sacram unctionem infirmorum of 1972. The form used in the Roman Rite in the preceding period included anointing of seven parts of the body (though that of the loins was generally omitted in English-speaking countries), while saying (in Latin): "Through this holy anointing, may the Lord pardon you whatever sins/faults you have committed by... ." The sense in question was then mentioned: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation.[18]

text: Eastern Catholic churches[edit]

text: In the Eastern Catholic churches, the sacrament (or "sacred mystery") of Anointing the Sick is administered using various liturgies often identical with forms used by non-Catholic Eastern churches. Adaptation or development of the liturgical forms used in the Eastern Catholic churches is overseen by the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, part of the Roman Curia.


document_title: Eden (name)

question_text: what does the name eden mean for a girl

question_tokens: what does the name eden mean for a girl

text: Eden (name)

text:
Eden

A painting depicting The Garden of Eden

Pronunciation
/ˈeɪdən/

Gender
Male & Female

Origin

Word/name
Hebrew[1]

Meaning
Delight

Other names

Related names
Aiden, Aidan, Ed, Edward, Edwin, Eddie, Eddy, Edna Edan, Edin, Eadin, Edun, Edon, Edith, Edwina

text: Eden (Hebrew: עֵדֶן), as a given name, has several derivations, from the Biblical Garden of Eden, meaning 'delight'; It is given to both boys and girls. The first recorded use is from ancient Israel in the book of II Chronicles. It is also as a variant of the feminine name Edith and the masculine name Aidan.[2]

text: Given name[edit]

text: Notable people with the given name Eden:

text:
Eden Ahbez (1908–1995), performance name of American musician George Alexander Aberle
Eden Bleazard (1855 – 1946), New Zealand artist
Eden Brekke (1893–1978), superintendent of Parks and Alderman of the 37th Ward, Chicago
Eden Colvile (1819–1893), Canadian historic figure
Eden Espinosa (born 1978), American singer and stage actress
Eden Harel (born 1976), MTV Europe VJ during the 1990s
Eden Hazard (born 1991), Belgian and Chelsea FC football player
Eden Kane (born 1940), stage name of Richard Sarstedt, English singer
Eden Kuriakose, Indian film actress
Eden McCain, a character from the American television series, Heroes
Eden Natan-Zada (1986–2005), IDF soldier that convicted mass murder incident
Eden Phillpotts (1862–1960), British novelist, poet and dramatist
Eden Riegel (born 1981), American actress
Eden Sher (born 1991), American television actor

text: Family name[edit]

text: Notable people with the family name Eden:

text:
Eden baronets, two English baronetcy families

William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland (1745–1814), British diplomat
Anthony Eden (1897–1977), British prime minister during the Suez crisis

Barbara Eden (born 1931), American actress
Bobbi Eden (born 1980), Dutch adult movie actress
Charles Eden (disambiguation)
Clarissa Eden (born 1920), wife of Anthony Eden
David Eden, producer of professional bass guitar sound amplification equipment
Eleanor Eden (died 1851), society beauty
Emily Eden (1797–1869), English poet and novelist
Frederick Eden (disambiguation)
George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland (1784–1849), British politician
Harry Eden (born 1990), British actor
Harry Eden (rugby league) (1943–2006), Australian rugby league player
Jaap Eden (1873–1925), Dutch athlete
Joanna Eden, English jazz singer
Mark Eden (born 1928), British actor
Michael Eden (born 1961), Australian rugby league player
Mike Eden (baseball) (born 1949), former major league baseball player for the San Francisco Giants
Philip Eden (1951–2018), British meteorologist
Robert John Eden, 3rd Baron Auckland (1799–1870), Bishop of Bath and Wells
Roger Edens (1905–1970), Hollywood composer and arranger
Simone Eden (born 1970), American model and actress


document_title: Lois Lane (Smallville)

question_text: when does lois start working at the daily planet

text: Lois Lane (Smallville)

text: Role in Smallville[edit]

text: Lois Lane makes her first appearance in season four's "Crusade" when she comes to Smallville investigating the death of her cousin Chloe Sullivan (Allison Mack).[3] While investigating Chloe's death with Clark Kent (Tom Welling) in "Gone", the pair uncover the truth that Chloe is still alive, but in witness protection until Lionel Luthor's trial, the man she is testifying against with evidence that he orchestrated the death of his own parents. Lionel (John Glover) discovers the truth and sends someone to kill her, but Lois and Clark stop the would-be killer, allowing Chloe to testify. Before Lois can leave Smallville, her father (Michael Ironside) informs her that she failed to achieve all of her high school credits and that he has enrolled her in Smallville High so that she can complete her twelfth-grade year.[4] Staying with the Kents, Lois begins attending Smallville High. In "Faςade", Chloe convinces her to become a reporter for the Torch in an effort to help Lois earn some of her remaining credits.[5] With Lex Luthor's (Michael Rosenbaum) help in the episode "Devoted", Clark manages to get Lois her remaining credits ahead of schedule so that she can attend Metropolis University, and vacate his bedroom.[6]

text: In season five's "Fanatic", Jonathan Kent (John Schneider), who is running for the state senate, asks Lois to be his campaign manager after witnessing her take charge against his former campaign manager, whom Jonathan fires when he published a statement that goes against Jonathan's values.[7] In "Fragile", Lois continues her duties under Martha Kent (Annette O'Toole), who is requested by the Governor to take Jonathan's place after he suffers a fatal heart attack.[8] In season six's "Sneeze", Lois discovers an interest in journalism after she is almost struck by a barn door that falls out of the sky while she is jogging. Her story is bought by the Inquisitor, a tabloid newspaper that gives her a job as a reporter.[9] In "Wither", she begins a romantic relationship with billionaire Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley), who, unbeknown to her, masquerades at night as the vigilante Green Arrow.[10] Queen's "job" as Green Arrow often gets in the way of their relationship. In "Hydro", Lois deduces that Oliver is Green Arrow, setting up an elaborate scheme to prove it. Clark and Oliver are wise to her plan, however, and Clark dresses up as Green Arrow to throw Lois off Oliver's trail.[11] When Oliver is forced to leave Metropolis to track down all of Lex's experimental facilities, in the episode "Justice", his relationship with Lois comes to an end.[12] In season six's "Prototype", Lois discovers that Lex has been doing experimental research on army soldiers, one of which was her best friend.[13] As a result, Lois decides in "Phantom" to begin looking into Lex's LuthorCorp projects.[14]

text: In season seven's "Kara", while looking into Lex's research projects, Lois discovers an alien spaceship. Her attempt to craft a news story out of the situation lands her a job at the Daily Planet—in the basement alongside her cousin Chloe.[15] While at the Daily Planet, Lois begins a new relationship with her editor Grant Gabriel (Michael Cassidy) in the episode "Wrath".[16] Their relationship comes under scrutiny from Chloe and Lex in "Blue", with Chloe seeing it as a reason for co-workers to doubt Lois's true ability as a journalist, and Lex believing it will jeopardize the secret of Grant's true identity.[17] In "Gemini", the two finally agree to part ways.[18] In the season eight premiere, Lois believes that Lex is responsible for Chloe's arrest by the Department of Domestic Security, and goes to his mansion to search his files for her location. She eventually discovers Chloe's whereabouts and arrives, alongside Clark, to save her.[19] In "Plastique", Lois takes Clark under her wing—teaching him how to be a reporter—after he accepts an internship at the Daily Planet, sitting at the desk directly across from Lois.[20] Her feelings for Clark become stronger as the season progresses, admitting in the episode "Committed" that she is in love with Clark,[21] and stating to Oliver in the episode "Bride" that she has never felt this way about someone before. In the same episode, she almost shares a kiss with Clark before being interrupted by the arrival of Clark's ex-girlfriend Lana Lang (Kristin Kreuk).[22] In the season eight finale, Lois and Tess Mercer (Cassidy Freeman), Lex Luthor's handpicked successor to LuthorCorp, get into a physical fight at the Daily Planet. During the fight, Lois picks up a Legion ring that falls out of Clark's desk and is instantly transported to another time and place.[23]

text: In season nine, Lois returns from the future suffering from visions of Earth having been overrun by aliens, led by Zod (Callum Blue).[24] This season, Lois and Clark officially begin a romantic relationship, while Lois also begins assisting "The Blur" in his heroic endeavors.[25] Lois's trust in Clark is shaken when she thinks Clark is jealous of her relationship with "The Blur", and that he does not understand her need to find value in her own life's work.[26] Ultimately, Lois deduces Clark's true identity as "The Blur" in the season nine finale.[27] Lois and Clark's relationship reaches its peak in the tenth and final season. Clark finally confesses his secret to her in "Isis" and they begin their relationship again free of secrets.[28] He proposed marriage in "Icarus".[29] In the episode "Beacon", with Chloe's help, Lois rallies faithful fans of "The Blur" and repeals the Vigilante Registration Act (VRA), helping Clark and the Justice League preserve their secret identities.[30] In "Masquerade" and "Booster", Lois convinces Clark to develop an alter-ego as a way of hiding his true identity as the heroic "Blur".[31][32] In the episode "Prophecy", Lois is given Clark's powers for a day, as a wedding gift by his biological father Jor-El, and realizes that the devotion they have for each other is Clark's greatest weakness, and calls off the wedding.[33] In the series finale, Clark convinces Lois that her being in his life makes him stronger, but the ceremony is interrupted by Darkseid's sudden invasion of the Earth. Lois convinces the US military not to bomb Darkseid's homeworld of Apokolips, allowing Clark to finally embrace his destiny and defeat Darkseid himself.[34]

text: Portrayal[edit]

text: Series developer Al Gough contends that it was always the producer's intention to bring in the iconic Lois Lane, they just needed a good reason to do it—Chloe's supposed death at the end of season three appeared to be that reason.[1][35] Gough explains that, when casting for the role, they looked to Margot Kidder—Lois Lane in the Superman film series—for inspiration. They wanted an actress who was "pretty", "smart", and who came with some "wit".[36] Dozens of actresses auditioned for the role of Lois Lane, but it was not until a tape from Erica Durance showed up that everyone felt that they had found the right Lois. As executive producer Greg Beeman describes Durance, "She had a toughness about her. She was tough and sexy and direct." Another plus, according to Beeman, was the chemistry between Durance and Tom Welling. Durance came on set that first afternoon and the two hit it off, becoming friends and developing a brother/sister relationship on the set.[35]

text: The lateness of her casting forced Durance to start filming only three days after being hired, with no time to prepare for the role. Under the initial agreement, Durance was only to portray the character for a total of four episodes, but, after a discussion with Peter Roth over how they planned to use the character on the show—insisting that she and Clark would not be having a romantic relationship—the feature film division then cleared the character for more episodes. After the character was cleared for more episodes, the creative team decided to plant her in the Kent home so that she could provide a constant annoyance to Clark. To separate the physical appearance of Lana and Lois from each other, the producers had highlights added to Durance's hair, as she and Kristin Kreuk both shared a similar brunette coloring.[35]

text: Character development[edit]

text: Storyline[edit]

text: Series writer Brian Peterson discusses how the writing staff chose to develop the character: "In the Smallville pilot, Al and Miles established Lex and Clark as best friends, which is, to me, one of the best aspects of the show. So when you're introducing his future love interest, why not introduce her, not as an enemy, but as the one who is constantly going to butt heads with him, where they're not gonna like each other at all at first? I think that because we chose such a different take on her, it wasn't that intimidating. She could grow into the person that everybody sees on-screen later."[35] For season six, the writers chose to start Lois down the path of investigative journalism, only in this version of the character she gets her start working for a tabloid newspaper. Writer Kelly Souders felt that if tabloid beginnings were good enough for Perry White—an additional character established in season three's "Perry"—then they are good enough for Lois Lane. It adds depth to the character by showing how she struggled before becoming "the reporter we all know and love". As Lois steps closer to her ultimate destiny at the Daily Planet, the writers have continued to evolve the character by having her grow out of the "black and white" mindset and have her begin seeing shades of gray. The writers wanted the character to realize that there is sometimes a middle road that has to be taken.[37] In season eight, Durance sees Clark taking a job at the Daily Planet as a chance for her character to "step it up and be more involved". In this case, Lois is acting more mature, taking charge in being a mentor to Clark as he transitions into his new job.[38] Durance describes the eighth season as a lesson in duality, with Clark realizing that he has to be two different people if he wants to have a life and save the day; Durance believes that the same applies to Lois. As Durance explains, "[Lois has] got her confidence as a journalist and on the inside, she's going oh my god I'm truly in love with [Clark], more in love than I've ever been with anyone."[2]

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: When developing the characteristics of their version of Lois Lane, the writers took inspiration from other leading ladies in cinema, for example, Karen Allen's character Marion Ravenwood, from Raiders of the Lost Ark. Todd Slavkin describes the character as having a "sophisticated, worldly experience", and was considered to be more of an adult than the rest of the cast. Durance believes that she embodies many of the characteristics that the creative team wanted to show in their version of Lois, specifically the fact that Lois has a lot of "nervous energy" from trying to "find herself", the same nervous energy that Durance brings to the role. The actress also relates to Lois's sassy, and independent nature, but, conversely, she is not as extroverted as Lois.[35] Gough describes the character as coming from the school of hard knocks; she is street smart, and a very capable woman.[39] Durance believes her character is "fiercely independent", but at the same time she is not afraid to admit that she has flaws, and she is only human; Lois also does not feel sorry about having those flaws.[2] She goes into further detail, identifying the character as more of a tomboy who is vulnerable, with Gough adding that she is also "slightly neurotic".[36] BuddyTV's John Kubicek characterizes her as a fast-talking woman, who, though she whines over petty annoyances, can take care of herself. He goes on to further describe how she is not afraid of getting herself into trouble just so she can dig herself out.[40]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: One of Lois's key relationships is with Clark, who is her husband in the comics. For Smallville, the characters' relationship is in constant development. Darren Swimmer describes the relationship between Lois and Clark in season five as "a bit of a melting of the ice". The two characters continue to "butt heads", but the audience can see where there is a growing attraction and that either would be there for the other in a time of need. According to Erica Durance, in season five it is not yet clear if either character realizes the attraction, but the joking between the two characters represents a foreshadowing of a greater relationship. Durance believes that because of Lois's self-imposed walls, even if she thought about Clark in a romantic notion for just an instant she would immediately make it out to be a joke because she is not ready for that type of closeness, yet. The actress sees season five as being too soon for the characters to be "in-love" because they are still getting to know each other.[39] Writer Brian Peterson describes Lois's relationship with Oliver Queen in season six as a precursor to her future relationship with Clark. As Peterson sees it, it is the dynamic between her and Oliver, with her willingness to accept Oliver's secret identity as Green Arrow as mirroring the relationship she will have with Clark. As far as season six is concerned, the relationship between Lois and Clark is still undefined for the audience. As Durance describes it, neither character is willing to put an official label on their relationship. The pair has learned to deal with each other's "quirks", but there are still moments that both feel uncomfortable with. Instead at this point, Durance believes that Clark and Lois are satisfied with identifying with a "brother-sister friendship" label, than trying to discover how they both truly feel about each other.[37]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Erica Durance has been nominated for two Saturn Award nominations in the Best Supporting Actress category for her performance as Lois Lane. The first came in 2005, after her first season with the show,[41] and then again the following year.[42] Before the end of Smallville's seventh season, IGN's Daniel Phillips compared the actresses who have portrayed the character of Lois Lane over the past three decades. Up against the most recognizable version of Lois Lane, Margot Kidder, the 2006 film incarnation played by Kate Bosworth, and the previous live-action television version portrayed by Teri Hatcher, Erica Durance was rated the highest. Although Phillips acknowledges that Kidder is the best representation of Lois' personality, he claims that Durance is the best overall embodiment of the character. Apart from her beauty, Phillips states, "Durance makes Lois intelligent, capable, funny and dangerously curious – exactly the type of woman Clark Kent would fall for."[43] Mike Moody of TV Squad named Lois as one of five reasons to watch Smallville's eighth season. Moody believes that Durance's Lois is "one of the best versions of the character" because Durance plays her as "tough, brainy, sexy and catty", which makes her portrayal that much better than Kate Bosworth's Lois Lane in Superman Returns.[44] BuddyTV's John Kubicek likens the actress's performance—her "stylized delivery of lines"—to that of actresses from the 1940s screwball comedy era.[40]

text: Other media appearances[edit]

text: In 2012, the Smallville series was continued through the comic book medium with Smallville: Season 11. Written by Bryan Q. Miller, who also wrote for the television series, Lois's story continues as she lives her life with Clark, who has now become known to the world as "Superman".[45] Her involvement with Clark also allows her to meet Gotham City's elusive vigilante Batman,[46] and subsequently learn his secret identity and befriend Batman's partner Nightwing (Barbara Gordon).[47] She also teams up with the Amazon Princess Diana Prince, and DEO's agent Steve Trevor was one of Lois's former boyfriends.[48]

text: When Lois accepts an assignment to Africa to investigate mysterious reports surrounding a vigilante, known as "Angel of the Plateau." She is caught in a terrorist attack after her arrival but is saved by Lana, who is revealed to be the superheroine Lois investigates. After they are acquainted, Lois learns that Lana has been using her abilities to protect children from people who would exploit them. However, Lois tries to keep the fact that Clark is now in the relationship with her from Lana. Both Lois and Lana also find themselves targeted by the latter's enemies, and they send John Corben to defeat Lana. Lois helps the powerless Lana in defeating Corben, and Lana reveals that she knows about her relationship with Clark as she saw the engagement ring before Lois hid it. Lois receives the blessing from Lana.[49]