document_title: The Secret Circle (TV series)

question_text: who plays cassie blake in the secret circle

root

text: The Secret Circle (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Following the death of her mother, Cassie Blake (Britt Robertson) moves to Chance Harbor, Washington, to live with her grandmother. Her attempts to adjust to the new town are crushed when five of her classmates, Adam Conant (Thomas Dekker), Diana Meade (Shelley Hennig), Faye Chamberlain (Phoebe Tonkin), Melissa Glaser (Jessica Parker Kennedy), and Nick Armstrong (Louis Hunter), reveal to Cassie that she comes from a long line of witches and is the final member of their coven; with her they are able to unlock the full extent of their powers. Initially Cassie refuses to believe that she is a witch, even after Adam helps her to unlock her powers. It is only after she discovers an old leather-bound book of spells left to her by her late mother, Amelia, that Cassie begins to accept her power. Inside the book is a message to Cassie explaining that she kept their real family history and her powers a secret in order to keep her safe; as the circle soon finds out, their powers attract dark and dangerous forces that constantly puts them in harm's way.

tag: p

text: Main cast[edit]

text: Circle members[edit]

text:
Cassie Blake (played by Britt Robertson) is a newly discovered Witch who, since the death of her mother, Amelia, has resided in the town of Chance Harbor, Washington. While Cassie initially dislikes the idea of being a witch, she later begins to accept her destiny and her family's heritage of magic. Her mother's side goes all the way back to the beginning of witchcraft, while her father, John Blackwell, comes from a long line of dark witches. She is Diana's older half-sister through John Blackwell.
Adam Conant (played by Thomas Dekker) is a natural born witch and one of the two male members of the Circle. Adam is instantly attracted to Cassie Blake, despite his relationship with Diana Meade. It is Adam who helps Cassie unlock her powers and encourages her to join the Circle. The attraction that he and Cassie share causes a strain in his relationship with Diana.
Faye Chamberlain (played by Phoebe Tonkin) is an eccentric and free-spirited witch who uses her powers recklessly and selfishly. Frequently brash and irresponsible, Faye often challenges authority. She is best friends with Melissa Glaser. She does not believe that Diana Meade deserves to be the leader of the Circle and resents the fact that Diana has found her family's Book of Shadows while she hasn't.
Diana Meade (played by Shelley Hennig) is a witch and the responsible, but strict leader of the Circle. Diana is good friends with Cassie Blake, despite the attraction between Cassie and Diana's long-term boyfriend, Adam Conant. Diana is the first member of the Circle to discover witchcraft and, as of the series' start, the only member to have found her family's Book of Shadows before Cassie found hers. She is also Cassie's younger half-sister through their father, John Blackwell. She also has dark magic and Balcoin blood.
Melissa Glaser (played by Jessica Parker Kennedy) is the fourth female witch of the Circle. She is Faye Chamberlain's closest friend and the former girlfriend of Nick Armstrong. In contrast to her counterparts, Melissa is more quiet and keeps to herself, but she is responsible and loyal to the Circle.
Nick Armstrong (played by Louis Hunter; regular in episodes 1–5 and 20-21) is the second male member of the Circle. Prior to the start of the show, he and Melissa Glaser developed a sexual relationship. He showed reluctance to make it anything more than just about sex. After being threatened by Faye Chamberlain, however, he began to act nicer to Melissa and their relationship deepened.
Jake Armstrong (played by Chris Zylka; guest episodes 6-13, regular 14-22) is Nick's older brother. He used to work for a group of witch hunters, thinking that witchcraft was responsible for the death of his family, before finding out that his parents were dead because the witch hunters killed them. He has an interest in Cassie Blake but a sexual relationship with Faye Chamberlain throughout the show.

tag: ul

text: Others[edit]

text:
Charles Meade (played by Gale Harold) is Diana's father, he is a member of the previous generation of the Circle. Following the fire at the Boat Yard, Charles' powers are stripped from him, along with the other surviving members of his Circle. In episode 1, he kills Cassie's mother with magic he got from the crystal.
Jane Blake (portrayed by Ashley Crow) is the grandmother of Cassie Blake and mother of Amelia. While initially she acts as though she does not know about the Circle, Cassie eventually realizes that they need her help and tells her the truth.
Dawn Chamberlain (played by Natasha Henstridge) is Faye Chamberlain's mother, the principal of Chance Harbor High School, and a member of the previous generation of the Circle. While she and Charles act as a team, she is the more sadistic of the two. However, she also prefers to have Charles do the work, including murdering Amelia Blake.

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Sally Matthews (played by Logan Browning) is a sweet girl who befriends Cassie. She often butts heads with Faye, who accidentally kills her when her power was out of control. Dawn manages to revive her with a crystal, leaving her with a broken arm. Sally then becomes suspicious of Cassie, Adam, Diana, Nick, Melissa and Faye, especially after they left the hallway a mess from using their powers, but still tries to be friends with Cassie. She doesn't appear after 'Loner'.
Luke (played by Zachary Abel) is a boy who is friends with Adam and is attracted to Cassie when she first arrives in Chance Harbor. Through Adam, he asks her to the school dance in 'Loner' but amicably leaves her after she ditches him. In 'Masked' he is asked to attend a party at Cassie's house on Halloween organized by Faye, and is revealed to be a witch hunter.
Ethan Conant (played by Adam Harrington) is Adam's father. He is an alcoholic, and owns the Boathouse Bar and Grill where Adam works. Like Charles and Dawn, he was stripped of his powers sixteen years prior to the series' beginning. He continually complains about how he never was with Amelia Blake, despite the fact that they were "written in the stars" and misses her more than Adam's mother. He eventually tells Diana that Adam is destined to be with Cassie, resulting in their breakup. Later he recovers from his alcoholism, realizing he needs to be a better father. He has a rivalry with Charles Meade, mentioning multiple times that he has always been a bully. He also hates John Blackwell, at one point trying to kill him. He does not appear after 'Lucky', but is mentioned by name in 'Curse' and 'Prom'.
Amelia Blake (played by Emily Holmes in her first appearance, Andrea Brooks in her second) is Cassie's mother. At the beginning of the series she is killed by Charles Meade to bring Cassie back to Chance Harbor, but is mentioned many times throughout the series. She was John Blackwell's girlfriend, and let him into the Circle, but left him after realizing who he was. She stopped the demons Blackwell summoned at the boatyard fire, and was stripped of her powers along with Charles, Dawn and Ethan. In a flashback, it is revealed she also knew Blackwell was the father of Diana.
Isaac (played by JR Bourne) is a high-ranking member of the witch hunters. He is the one who Jake reports to regularly, and even after leaving the witch hunters, Jake still seems to have some respect for him. He arrives in Chance Harbor in 'Wake' and leaves in 'Balcoin', but later returns to get Balcoin's medallion from Jake, showing that he also respects Jake as a person. His faction of the witch hunters is called the "True Believers".
Ian (played by Richard Harmon) is a witch hunter. He first appears in 'Masked' trying to kill the Circle. He later appears in 'Traitor' having returned to Chance Harbor in Isaac's place (though only out of respect for Isaac) to warn the Circle about a witch who gave power to the witch hunters.
Eben (played by Sammi Rotibi) is the leader of the witch hunters who will do anything to kill them, especially John Blackwell. Sixteen years prior he used Ethan Conant's power to try to kill Blackwell, but it failed. He also killed Jake and Nick's parents personally on that day. After Blackwell returns, Eben summons demons into himself to protect him and aid him in killing witches, which causes a rift with Isaac and other witch hunters.
Lucy Gibbons (played by Nina Kiri in her first appearance, Lauren Stamile in her second) was John Blackwell's psychic sixteen years prior, who was at the boatyard the night of the "accident". After seeing Cassie in the memory, she goes to meet her to warn her about the witch hunters, but is later revealed to be working for the witch hunters, as she was sixteen years ago.
Henry Chamberlain (played by Tom Butler) is Dawn's father-in-law, Faye's grandfather, and an elder. He comes to Chance Harbor after being called by Ethan Conant, to determine whether or not the next generation is practicing. Dawn kills him after he says he will alert the elders. Charles hides his body twice at his house, but it is eventually found.
Kate Meade (played by Stepfanie Kramer) is Charles' mother, Diana's grandmother, and an elder. She is suspicious when Diana tells her Charles and Dawn are dating, and confronts Dawn. Dawn later puts on a facade, where she may have attempted to poison her, causing a rift with Charles. She tries to kill Cassie to destroy her dark magic but fails, and informs Charles that she knows what he has done. She returns in 'Family', where she gives Charles and Dawn her power to save the children.
Calvin Wilson (played by Hiro Kanagawa) is the owner of Chance Harbor's antique store. He is a witch from another Circle. He realizes Cassie has dark magic and tries to warn her, but is stopped by Jake. He later appears as a hallucination to Jake when he is sick.
John Blackwell (played by Joe Lando) is Cassie's father, and a witch with dark magic. He returns to Chance Harbor after Cassie contacts him with his medallion. He is later revealed to be Diana's biological father due to an affair when Charles and his wife were separated. It is unclear what his intentions are until the final episodes, where it is revealed he fathered Cassie and Diana and caused all other female members of the Circle to get pregnant by their boyfriends, and then go to the boatyard, which he knew was a trap, to make their children orphans he could easily manipulate to form his own circle of dark magic. His plans are ultimately stopped by Cassie and Diana. He also had an affair with Dawn, but it didn't work because when it started Dawn was already pregnant with Faye.
Lee LaBeque (played by Grey Damon) is a practitioner of voodoo magic. Faye tracks him down in an attempt to get her solo magic back. He does a few things, but they all have consequences Faye dislikes, and she believes he is using her. He is using her magic to revive his girlfriend who is in a coma, but he and Faye also develop feelings for each other.
Eva (played by Alexia Fast) is Lee's girlfriend, who is in a coma. She later awakens and gains some of Faye's power due to voodoo.
Callum (played by Michael Graziadei) is one of Lee's friends. He is also a drug dealer who sells Devil's Spirit. He later realizes that Faye and Melissa are witches after a party and an argument with Lee. In 'Crystal' he attempts to steal one of the crystals, but the Circle stops him and "marks" him, ordering him to never return to Chance Harbor.
Grant (played by Tim Phillipps) is an Australian boy who came to Chance Harbor on a boat. He and Diana develop an instant attraction to each other, but problems arise because he lied to her about owning the boat (he just works on it), and she is a witch. He later offers her to leave Chance Harbor with him.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(million)

1
"Pilot"
Liz Friedlander
Teleplay by: Andrew Miller
September 15, 2011 (2011-09-15)
296808
3.05[4]

After her mother's death Cassie Blake moves to Chance Harbor, Washington, to live with her grandmother, Jane. Cassie's life is changed forever when her new classmates tell her that she is a witch, the sixth and final member of their Secret Circle.

2
"Bound"
Liz Friedlander
Kevin Williamson & Andrew Miller
September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22)
2J6252
2.12[5]

Cassie attempts to distance herself from the Circle, even making friends with a non-witch, Sally Matthews. As the witches use their magic more and more recklessly, Diana is convinced they need to bind their powers. This is a problem for Faye, who revels in the increase of the Circle's magic now that Cassie has returned to Chance Harbor. Adam struggles with his feelings for Cassie, while Melissa flirts with Nick. Dawn Chamberlain receives a surprise in the form of her father-in-law, Henry.

3
"Loner"
Colin Bucksey
Richard Hatem
September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29)
2J6253
2.12[6]

Each member of the Circle reacts to the upcoming school dance in a different way. Cassie is asked to go by a classmate, Luke, and accepts after seeing Adam and Diana spending time together. Melissa sees it as an opportunity to get closer to Nick, while Faye has no plans to attend it at all. She prefers to focus on regaining her individual powers, now that the Circle is bound. A man named Zachary Larson has been asking questions about the Circle, causing Dawn to ask Charles to watch over the children.

4
"Heather"
Dave Barrett
David Ehrman
October 6, 2011 (2011-10-06)
2J6254
1.96[7]

After the incident with Zachary Larson, Cassie looks up her mother's old friend, Heather Barnes. She discovers Heather has been in a catatonic state since the night of the fire, sixteen years ago. Knowing that Heather was there that night, Cassie decides to use magic to restore Heather, and asks Faye to help — who is willing to do so, for a price. The girls' witchcraft has unforeseen consequences, when a demon that was possessing Heather is unleashed and wants to use the Circle's power.

5
"Slither"
Liz Friedlander
Dana Baratta
October 13, 2011 (2011-10-13)
2J6255
1.89[8]

Cassie struggles with maintaining her loyalties, as she is forced to keep the Circle's secrets from her suspicious grandmother, and Diana tries to maintain hold of her relationship with Adam and arranges a date night. Melissa recruits Nick and Faye to help her find her family's Book of Shadows; however all is not what it seems. The six members of the Circle are brought together in order to fight off a dark force that threatens them from within. Dawn tries to continue making plans for the Circle with Charles, only to discover that he may have more than business on his mind.

6
"Wake"
Guy Bee
Andrea Newman
October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)
2J6256
2.12[9]

Following Nick's death his brother, Jake, returns to town. His presence re-constitutes the Circle, however it is up to Cassie to try to convince the other members to accept him; Jake is a man with a past, and not everyone is as willing to trust him. Jake is not the only newcomer to town, as a witch hunter named Simone poses a threat to the Circle.

7
"Masked"
Charles Beeson
Michelle Lovretta
October 27, 2011 (2011-10-27)
2J6257
2.33[10]

It's Halloween and Faye has decided that the Circle needs to have some fun, so she takes it on herself to convince Cassie to throw a party. Faye still has her eyes on wooing Jake back, while a fight with Diana has Adam turning to Cassie, who is trying to make things right with Luke. Meanwhile, the witch hunters have infiltrated the party and plan on doing away with the Circle, once and for all.

8
"Beneath"
John Fawcett
Don Whitehead & Holly Henderson
November 3, 2011 (2011-11-03)
2J6258
2.26[11]

After not hearing from Jane for a few days Cassie begins to worry. Diana decides to enlist the Circle, and Jake, to take up the search for Jane, which takes the group to the isolated home of Faye's grandfather, Henry. A storm turns the day trip into an overnight one, and the teens play Truth or Dare to pass the time. Not all is what it seems at the cabin, however, and Faye is forced to confront something dark from her past.

9
"Balcoin"
Brad Turner
Andrew Miller & Andrea Newman
November 10, 2011 (2011-11-10)
2J6259
2.17[12]

Cassie enlists Jake's help in looking into her father's family, and just why she has powers separate from the Circle. Faye reveals that she suspects that there is more to Jake than he is sharing with the Circle. Adam is torn between his concern for Cassie and his concern for Diana, who has caught the eye of Melissa's cousin, Holden. Dawn and Charles' plans are threatened, as a power shift changes their dynamic.

10
"Darkness"
Chris Grismer
David Ehrman
January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05)
2J6260
2.05[13]

Cassie learns more about her ancestor, Francis Balcoin, and discovers a secret about herself. She turns to Adam to help her keep this from the rest of the Circle. Diana is thrilled when her grandmother, Kate, comes to town for a visit, who appears to show an unusual interest in Cassie. Still trying to get her powers back, Faye turns to the mysterious Lee LeBeque for help.

11
"Fire/Ice"
Joshua Butler
Holly Henderson & Don Whitehead
January 12, 2012 (2012-01-12)
2J6261
1.93[14]

Another school dance is upon the Circle, and Adam's father, Ethan, has offered to chaperone it. Cassie and Adam have been investigating her father's past, causing the flame between them to be rekindled. While Adam is ready to move on and embark upon a relationship with her, Cassie is torn between her feelings for him and her friendship with Diana. Faye asks Lee to perform a ritual that will enable her to steal Cassie's individual powers, but it has dangerous consequences that threatens to destroy the entire Circle.

12
"Witness"
Eagle Egilsson
Dana Baratta
January 19, 2012 (2012-01-19)
2J6262
1.63[15]

Jake returns to Chance Harbor and warns Cassie that unless she determines just what happened to her father on the night of the fire she, and the Circle, will face the same fate. The two cast a spell to allow them to enter into Jake's memories and return to the night of the fire, however Adam and Diana suspect Jake's motives. Charles and Dawn attempt to outmanoeuvre each other, each trying to get Ethan on their side. Faye's relationship with Lee takes another dangerous turn, as she meets his friend, Callum.

13
"Medallion"
Liz Friedlander
Andrew Miller & Andrea Newman
February 2, 2012 (2012-02-02)
2J6263
1.75[16]

Cassie and Jake meet with a psychic, Lucy, who has information about the medallion found in the previous episode. Cassie calls on the Circle for help unlocking its powers, however Adam worries about the dark magic taking over Cassie. Meanwhile, Ethan has enlisted Diana's help in throwing Adam a birthday party, and Faye and Melissa try Devil's Spirit.

14
"Valentine"
Dave Barrett
Roger Grant
February 9, 2012 (2012-02-09)
2J6264
1.82[17]

In honor of the holiday Faye throws a girls-only, "anti-Valentine's Day" slumber party at her house, and the other (female) members of the Circle are invited to attend. The night takes unexpected turns as both Melissa and Diana use Devil's Spirit to get high, and Lee crashes the party to help Faye increase her power. Meanwhile, Cassie turns to Jake and Adam for help after the spirits of vengeful witches begin to haunt her.

15
"Return"
Brad Turner
David Ehrman
February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16)
2J6265
1.76[18]

John Blackwell, Cassie's father, shows up on her doorstep; however surprise turns to suspicion when he wants the medallion. Eben and his band of witch hunters take Cassie captive, causing Jake to offer a trade and Adam to call the other Circle members for help. Meanwhile, Faye and Diana are both concerned that Melissa is spending too much time in the company of Callum.

16
"Lucky"
Joshua Butler
Katie Wech
March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)
2J6266
1.62[19]

Cassie catches Blackwell sneaking around the abandoned house, leading Adam to believe that he is looking for a device to drain witches' powers and is still consumed by his dark magic. Faye meets Eva, and is taken aback to discover that she is Lee's girlfriend. Meanwhile, Melissa encourages Diana to date a mortal guy, specifically a handsome Australian, named Grant, who is new to town. Also, Dawn has a reunion with Blackwell, but it isn't entirely what she expects.

17
"Curse"
John Fawcett
Don Whitehead & Holly Henderson
March 22, 2012 (2012-03-22)
2J6267
1.74[20]

Blackwell tells Cassie and Adam that while their love might be destined, it is also cursed; once awakened a member of the Circle will die. It is a race against the clock to find a way to break the curse before it takes Jake's life. Meanwhile, Faye becomes certain that Eva is hiding something once it becomes apparent that Lee is missing, and Charles plots against Blackwell.

18
"Sacrifice"
Nick Copus
David Ehrman
March 29, 2012 (2012-03-29)
2J6268
1.33[21]

Witch hunter Samuel comes to town with a message for Blackwell about Eben's plans; he is trying to resurrect the demons that Blackwell summoned to Chance Harbor sixteen years ago, and plans on making a human sacrifice. Meanwhile, Diana continues her relationship with Grant, but it is revealed that her magic is not the only secret in their relationship. Faye and Melissa compete for the attention of a jock at the Boathouse, while Adam tries to deal with no longer remembering why he loved Cassie.

19
"Crystal"
Omar Madha
Micah Schraft
April 19, 2012 (2012-04-19)
2J6269
1.14[22]

To protect themselves from the witch hunters, Jake, Cassie and Faye team up to seek out Jake's grandfather, Royce, to find his family's crystal and are confronted with disturbing theories about the events of sixteen years ago. Meanwhile, Diana tries to balance her pursuit of the Glaser crystal with Melissa and Adam with her new romantic life with Grant, who demands to know what she's hiding. At the same time, Callum attempts to re-insert himself into Melissa's life. Also, Charles and Jane plot their move against Blackwell and it is revealed that Diana is the other Blackwell child. Then Blackwell reveals his dark powers are still intact and he wants to use them to create a black magic Circle with his newly found kids.

20
"Traitor"
Eagle Egilsson
Roger Grant & Katie Wech
April 26, 2012 (2012-04-26)
2J6270
1.15[23]

When a crystal is magically stolen from the abandoned house, the Circle decides it was the traitor witch working with Eben. Jake calls for a meeting with Isaac to see if they can get him to change sides, only to find out that Isaac has been killed by Eben. Cassie’s loose grasp on her dark magic threatens to destroy any possible alliance when their pursuit of the traitor leads them to the “Creepiest Place on Earth.” Meanwhile, Faye and Jake work together to steal Dawn’s crystal, Melissa and Adam pair up and uncover a new magic trick, and a frustrated Diana reaches out to Charles for help. Diana and Cassie chase the traitor in the “Creepiest Place on Earth” and Cassie uses dark magic to stop him only to find out it's Nick who is supposed to be dead.

21
"Prom"
Alex Zakrzewski
Holly Henderson & Don Whitehead
May 3, 2012 (2012-05-03)
2J6271
1.23[24]

It’s Prom night in Chance Harbor and after Adam uncloaks a crystal hidden in the school, Blackwell tells Cassie she can use her dark magic to find it. When Cassie follows this advice, it leads her to a dangerous discovery. Meanwhile, Faye invites Jake to Prom, despite the fact that he stood her up two years earlier. Adam, Diana, Cassie and Melissa finally make it to Prom but when they lose the crystal to Eben, they end up in a life and death situation. Meanwhile, Dawn attempts to stop Blackwell, who casts a deadly spell on Charles.

22
"Family"
Dave Barrett
Andrew Miller & Andrea Newman
May 10, 2012 (2012-05-10)
2J6272
1.28[25]

When Faye is captured by the Witch Hunters, Jake, Melissa and Adam set out to save her. Blackwell wants to unleash the power of the crystal skull and tries to convince Cassie and Diana that their Balcoin blood is the only way to stop the Witch Hunters permanently. Meanwhile, Dawn and Charles discover a way to get their powers back ... but one which comes at a very big cost.

tag: table

text: Development[edit]

text: On October 28, 2010, L. J. Smith announced that the series had been optioned for a TV series by The CW. On February 8, 2011, The CW picked up The Secret Circle with Dawson's Creek creator and The Vampire Diaries co-creator/executive producer Kevin Williamson now attached. However, he told The CW that The Vampire Diaries companion series he was helming had been put on hold in order to focus on The Secret Circle.[26] Williamson worked on an original script penned by Andrew Miller, creator of the Emmy-nominated web series Imaginary Bitches, with writer credit shared by both men.[26] On February 16, 2011, The Secret Circle booked Liz Friedlander to direct the pilot. Friedlander also directed episodes for The Vampire Diaries, Pretty Little Liars, 90210 and One Tree Hill.[27]

text: On October 12, 2011, The CW ordered a full season of twenty-two episodes.[28] On May 11, 2012 The CW cancelled the series.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The pilot has been met with mixed reviews, with Metacritic giving a score of 55 out of a 100 based on 20 critics.[29] Lloyd Roberts of the Los Angeles Times thought the pilot was "splendidly rendered; effective in the expected ways in a way that makes you forget you expected them." He then wrote "Director Liz Friedlander aims not just for creepiness but for a tremulous sense of beauty that reflects the heightened sensibilities and hair-trigger sensitivities of adolescence" and appreciated the actors "who are good to look at, but also bring a little soul to their roles."[30]

text: In 2015, three years following the cancellation of the show, Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV looked back on the series finale, as well as the series as a whole. He reviewed the show favorably, commenting "the last several episodes really built up the potential of the show and made it pretty exciting, and it would have led into an awesome second season",[31] and saying that the show should have had a second season, "to further develop the characters and the storylines we were left hanging with".

text: Phoebe Tonkin's performance was well received by critics; she was featured on Variety's list of new faces to watch[32] and named one of 2011 Breakout TV Stars by E! Online.[33]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Outcome

2011
E! Golden Tater Awards[34]
New Fall Show You're Most Excited For
The Secret Circle
Nominated

TV.com's Best of 2011[35]
Best New Series

Best Sci-Fi or Fantasy

2012
People's Choice Awards[36]
Favorite New TV Drama

Saturn Awards[37]
Best Youth-Oriented Television Series

PAAFTJ Television Awards[38]
Best Main Title Theme Music

text: Cancellation and fan campaign[edit]

text: On May 11, 2012, the CW cancelled the series, despite being the network's third-highest rated performer. Following the show's cancellation, a formal fan-led campaign website titled 'Save The Circle' was launched.[39] A letter-writing campaign, targeted at the CW,[40] aimed to encourage the CW to reconsider bringing back the show for a mid-season slot. Campaigns were also launched at other TV networks whose target demographic matched those of The CW—MTV,[41] ABC Family,[42] and Syfy. Fans donated between $1–10 to the Make a Wish Foundation in the name of MTV; this aimed to attach a good cause to the campaign while getting MTV's attention. The Secret Circle executive producer Andrew Miller auctioned a signed poster of the show's cast in support of the campaign. In the end, over $7,000 was raised.[43] The campaign targeted at ABC Family asked fans to donate money to fund a delivery of 325,000 golden plastic coins to the network's headquarters. The coins were symbolic of a 'cloaking coin' that belonged to one of the main characters, Adam Conant's grandfather in the episode "Traitor". The metaphor was that The CW 'cloaked' the show by cancelling it, and fans wanted ABC Family to 'uncloak' the show by picking it up.[44][45]

text: A letter-writing campaign to Syfy was also launched, but ultimately the 'Save The Circle' campaign leaders decided against pursuing the network further due to budgetary concerns. Following the announcement that Warner Bros. had unsuccessfully entered talks with ABC Family about picking up the show and that the series would not be shipped to another network, campaigning targeting potential networks for a pick-up ceased.[46] Nevertheless, a new campaign,[47] aimed at Warner Bros, was launched following the announcement that the series' first season would not be released on DVD or Blu-ray.[48] As of September 2012, The Secret Circle is available on Netflix for immediate streaming.[49] A music project was launched, with the aim of developing and distributing a full-length album of 10 fan songs online and making them available for free download. Fans were asked to either submit an audio recording of themselves singing their own songs, or send in lyrics for potential use.[50] Petitions were also set up, in the hope that they would bring back the series. The three main campaigns together, as of June 24, 2012, amassed over 85,500 signatures.[51] Since the show was canceled, fans have voted it "the show that will be missed most" or "Most Shocking Cancellation" in a number of polls, including E!,[52] Clique Clack,[53] Hypable,[54] Spoiler TV,[55] TV Fanatic,[56] TV.com,[57] and Zap2it.[58]

text: International broadcasts[edit]

text:
Country
Network

 Portugal
TVSeries

 Turkey
CNBC-e

 Argentina
Warner Channel[59]

 Greece
Star Channel[60]

 Australia
Fox8[61]

 Belgium
VIJF

 Bolivia
Warner Channel[59]

 Bulgaria
bTV Cinema

 Brazil
Warner Channel[59] / SBT[62]

 Canada
MuchMusic[63]

 Quebec
Vrak.TV

 Chile
Warner Channel[59]

 Colombia
Warner Channel[59]

 Costa Rica
Warner Channel[59]

 Croatia
Doma TV

 Czech Republic
TV Nova

 Dominican Republic
Warner Channel[59]

 Ecuador
Warner Channel[59]

 El Salvador
Warner Channel[59]

 France
NT1[64]

 Germany
SuperRTL

 Guatemala
Warner Channel[59]

 Honduras
Warner Channel[59]

 Hong Kong
TVB

 India
Zee Cafe[65]

 Ireland
Sky Living[66]

 Israel
Hot 3

 Italy
Mya

 Mexico
Warner Channel[59]

 Malaysia
8TV

 New Zealand
TV2[67]

 Nicaragua
Warner Channel[59]

 Panama
Warner Channel[59]

 Paraguay
Warner Channel[59]

 Peru
Warner Channel[59]

 Philippines
ETC

 Bangladesh
Zee Cafe[65]

 Sri Lanka
Zee Cafe[65]

 Sweden
TV11[68]

 United Kingdom
Sky Living[66]

 United States
The CW Television Network

 Uruguay
Warner Channel[59]

 Venezuela
Warner Channel[59]

 Poland
AXN Spin HD

 Galicia
Televisión de Galicia

 Singapore
MediaCorp Channel 5 [69]

 South Africa
DStv [70]

 KSA
MBC4

 Mauritius
MBC 1


document_title: Lori Shannon

question_text: who played beverly lasalle on all in the family

text: Lori Shannon

text:
Lori Shannon

Born
Don Seymour McClean
(1938-05-18)May 18, 1938
Santa Barbara, California U.S.

Died
February 13, 1984(1984-02-13) (aged 45)
San Francisco, California, U.S.

Occupation
Female impersonator, actor, comedian

text: Lori Shannon born Don Seymour McLean, (May 18, 1938 - February 13, 1984) was an openly gay[1] female impersonator who was associated with the drag revues at Finocchio's club in San Francisco.[2] He wrote an entertainment column for the Bay Area Reporter.[3]

text: He stood 6-feet-5 in his heels and considered himself "a stand-up comic in a dress," relished startling tourists with one-liners at Finocchio's.[4]

text: To the American television audience, Shannon was best known for portraying female impersonator Beverly LaSalle in three episodes of the CBS sitcom All in the Family. The episodes in which he appears are "Archie the Hero" (1975), "Beverly Rides Again" (1976), and "Edith's Crisis of Faith, Part 1" (1977). The character represented somewhat of a breakthrough, being the first instance of a drag queen being portrayed in a sympathetic light on U.S. television.

text: Shannon died of a heart attack at the age of 45 at Mission Emergency Hospital in San Francisco on February 13, 1984.[4][5]


document_title: Fessenden oscillator

question_text: what sonar device let morse code messages be sent underwater from a submarine in 1915

text: Fessenden oscillator

text: Oscillator[edit]

text: The oscillator in the name referred to the fact that the device vibrated and moved water in response to a driving AC current. It was not an electronic oscillator but a mechanical one in that it generated repetitive mechanical vibrations. Electronic oscillators did not yet exist when this device was created. Because the design of the device does not depend on a resonant response, it should not be considered an harmonic oscillator.

text: Operation[edit]

text: The Fessenden oscillator somewhat resembled a modern dynamic microphone or dynamic loudspeaker in overall construction. A circular metal plate, clamped at its edge, in contact with the water on one side, was attached on the other side to a copper tube, which was free to move in the circular gap of a magnet system. The magnet system had a direct-current winding to provide a polarizing magnetic field in the gap, and an alternating current winding that induced currents in the copper tube. These induced currents produced a magnetic field that reacted against the polarizing field. The resulting force was communicated to the membrane and in turn provided acoustic vibrations into the water.

text: Unlike previous underwater sound sources such as underwater bells, the Fessenden oscillator was reversible; the AC winding could be connected to a head set and underwater sounds and echoes could be heard. Using this device Fessenden was able to detect icebergs at a distance of about 2 miles, and occasionally detected echoes from the sea floor.[2]

text: The device could also be used as an underwater telegraph, sending Morse code through the water. The Fessenden underwater signalling apparatus, or more usually just "The Fessenden", was fitted to Royal Navy submarines in World War I.[3] British K-series submarines were equipped with Fessenden oscillators starting in 1915. However, a submarine signalling the surface could be heard by any nearby (enemy) hydrophone, so the system had restricted utility during wartime patrols.[4]

text: Application[edit]

text: During the First World War the Fessenden oscillator was applied to detection of submarines, but its rather low operating frequency of around 1 kilohertz gave it a very broad beam, unsuitable for detecting and localising small targets. In peacetime, the oscillator was used for depth finding, where the lack of directionality was not a concern, and Fessenden designed a commercial fathometer using a carbon microphone as receiver, for the Submarine Signal Company.[5]


document_title: Muhammad bin Tughluq

question_text: who transferred his capital from delhi to daulatabad

text: Muhammad bin Tughluq

text: Early life[edit]

text: Muhammad bin Tughluq was born to Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, who was in turn the son of a Turkic slave father and a Hindu Indian concubine mother, and was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty after taking control of the Delhi Sultanate.[1] His mother was known by the title Makhduma-i-Jahan, who was known for being a philanthropist, having founded many hospitals.[6]

text: Reign[edit]

text: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (Jauna Khan) came to throne after death of his father Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. While he had good intentions of inviting learned men to his court and implementing new policies, he remained largely unsuccessful and failed in most of his enterprises. He had been a man of controversies and crisis. He faced attacks of Mongols, dissension within his own support group, and rebellions from a very large and diverse population. In an effort to adapt to his growing empire, he attempted to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, which was supposed to be a more central location, but it was a disastrous decision and was costly.

text: Annexation[edit]

text: After the death of his father Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ascended the throne of Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi in February, 1325 A.D. Unlike the Khaljis who did not annex stable kingdoms, Tughluq would annex kingdoms around his sultanate. In his reign, he conquered Warangal (in present-day Telangana, India) Malabar and Madurai, (Tamil Nadu, India), and areas up to the modern day southern tip of the Indian state of Karnataka. In the conquered territories, Tughluq created a new set of revenue officials to assess the financial aspects of the area. Their accounts helped the audit in the office of the wazir.[7]

text: Shifting of capital[edit]

text: In 1327, Tughluq passed an order to shift the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (in present-day Maharashtra) in the Deccan region of south India. Tughluq said that it would help him to establish control over the fertile land of the Deccan plateau and to create a more accessible capital since his empire had grown more in the south. [8] He also felt that it would make him safe from the Mongol invasions which were mainly aimed at Delhi and regions in north India.[9] It was not always possible to operate an army from Delhi for the occupation of Southern states. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq himself had spent a number of years as a prince on campaign in the southern states during the reign of his father. Daulatabad was also situated at a central place so the administration of both the north and the south could be possible.[10][unreliable source?]

text: All facilities were provided for those who were required to migrate to Daulatabad. It is believed that the general public of Delhi was not in favour of shifting the base to Daulatabad. This seems to have annoyed Tughluq, for he ordered all people of Delhi to proceed to Daulatabad with their belongings. Ibn Batuta cites that the force was applied without any leniency. Ziauddin Barani observes: "Without consultation or weighting the pros and cons, he brought ruin on Delhi which for 170 to 180 years had grown in prosperity and rivaled Baghdad and Cairo. The city with its Sarais and suburbs and villages spread over four or five leagues, all was destroyed (i.e., deserted). Not a cat or a dog was left."[11][unreliable source?]

text: A broad road was constructed for convenience. Shady trees were planted on both sides of the road; he set up halting stations at an interval of two miles. Provisions for food and water were also made available at the stations. Tughluq established a khanqah at each of the station where at least one sufi saint was stationed. A regular postal service was established between Delhi and Daulatabad. In 1329, his mother also went to Daulatabad, accompanied by the nobles. By around the same year, Tughluq summoned all the slaves, nobles, servants, ulema, sufis to the new capital.[7] The new capital was divided into wards called mohalla with separate quarters for different people like soldiers, poets, judges, nobles. Grants were also given by Tughluq to the immigrants. Even though the citizens migrated, they showed dissent. In the process, many died on the road due to hunger and exhaustion. Moreover, coins minted in Daulatabad around 1333, showed that Daulatabad was "the second capital".[12]

text: However, in 1334 there was a rebellion in Mabar. While on his way to suppress the rebellion, there was an outbreak of bubonic plague at Bidar due to which Tughluq himself became ill, and many of his soldiers died. While he retreated back to Daulatabad, Mabar and Dwarsamudra broke away from Tughluq control. This was followed by a revolt in Bengal. Fearing that the sultanate's northern borders were exposed to attacks, in 1335, he decided to shift the capital back to Delhi, allowing the citizens to return to their previous city.[7]

text: Impact of the Change of Capital[edit]

text: While most of the Medieval historians, including Barani and Ibn Battuta, tend to have implied that Delhi was entirely emptied (as is famously mentioned by Barani that not a dog or cat was left), it is generally believed that this is just an exaggeration. Such exaggerated accounts simply imply that Delhi suffered a downfall in its stature and trade. Besides, it is believed that only the powerful and nobility suffered hardships, if any. Two Sanskrit inscriptions dated 1327 and 1328 A.D. confirm this view and establish the prosperity of the Hindus of Delhi and its vicinity at that time.[4]

text: There is more to the transfer of capital than what is generally written. It is believed that Tughluq wanted to make Daulatabad an Islamic cultural centre, thereby helping him to have better control over the region, reducing the number of "Hindu" rebellions. His efforts to bring Ulema and Shaikhs from provincial towns and make them settle down in that city give a clue to his true intentions. The view of Muhammad Tughluq was that something like the above had to be done in the Deccan to strengthen the Muslim position in that area.[citation needed]

text: The Deccan experiment did however succeed in breaking down barriers. The boundaries which had separated the North from the South broke down. It is true that the extension of the administrative power of the Delhi Sultanate into the Deccan failed, but so far as the extension of the cultural institutions was concerned, it was successful.[11][unreliable source?]

text: Failed expeditions[edit]

text: After the death of Genghis Khan, one line of his descendants, the Chagatai Khanate, ruled over Turkistan and Transoxiana and another branch of Hulagu Khan conquered present day Iran and Iraq. [note 1] However, at the time of Tughluq, both of the dynasties were on the downfall, with conditions in Transoxiana unstable after the death of Tarmashirin.[7][4] He was ambitious of annexing these kingdoms. He invited nobles and leaders from these regions and gave them grants. Partly with their help and partly from his own kingdom, Tughluq raised an army of possibly up to three million and seven hundred thousand soldiers in 1329. Barani has written that Tughluq took no step to check the ability of the soldiers or the brand of horses. They were paid in one year advance, and after being kept idle for one year, Tughluq found it difficult to pay them. Therefore, he decided to disperse and dissolve the soldiers in 1329.[7]

text: In 1333, Tughluq led the Qarachil expedition to the Kullu-Kangra region of modern-day Himachal Pradesh in India. Historians like Badauni and Ferishtah wrote that Tughluq originally wanted to cross the Himalayas and invade China. However, he faced local resistance in Himachal. His army was not able to fight in the hills and was defeated by the Hindu Katoch kingdom of Kangra, nearly all his 10,000 soldiers perished and he was forced to retreat.[7]

text: Collapse of the empire[edit]

text: Tughluq died in 1351 on his way to Thatta, Sindh in order to intervene in a war between members of the Gujjar tribe. He had lived to see his empire fall apart.[citation needed] It was during his reign that Turkish empire of Delhi collapsed

text: Coins[edit]

text: Historian Ishwari Prasad writes that different coins of different shapes and sizes were produced by his mints which lacked the artistic perfection of design and finish. In 1330, after his failed expedition to Deogiri, he issued token currency; that is coins of brass and copper were minted whose value was equal to that of gold and silver coins. Historian Ziauddin Barani felt that this step was taken by Tughluq as he wanted to annex all the inhabited areas of the world for which a treasury was required to pay the army. Barani had also written that the sultan's treasury had been exhausted by his action of giving rewards and gifts in gold. This experiment failed, because, as said by Barani, "the house of every Hindu became a mint". During his time, most of the Hindu citizens were goldsmiths and hence they knew how to make coins. In the rural areas, officials like the muqaddams paid the revenue in brass and copper coins and also used the same coins to purchase arms and horses.[14] As a result, the value of coins decreased and, as said by Satish Chandra, the coins became "as worthless as stones". This also disrupted the trade and commerce. The token currency had inscriptions marking the use of new coins instead of the royal seal and so the citizens could not distinguish between the official and the forged coins. Records show that the use of token currency has stopped in 1333 as Ibn Battuta who came to Delhi in 1334 and wrote a journal made no mention of this currency.[15]

text: Religious policy[edit]

text: Ibn Battuta mentions that the king of China (the Yuan Emperor) had sent an embassy to Muhammad for reconstruction of a sacked temple at Sambhal. The envoys were however denied with the statement that only those living in a Muslim territory who paid the jizya could be permitted to restore a temple. Firuz Shah Tughlaq had claimed that before his rule, idol-temples had been permitted to be rebuilt contrary to the Sharia.[16]

text: Character[edit]

text: Tughluq was a strict Muslim, maintaining his five prayers during a day, used to fast in Ramzan. According to 19th Century CE British historian Stanley Lane-Poole, apparently courtesans had hailed Tughluq as a "man of knowledge" and had interest in subjects like philosophy, medicine, mathematics, religion, Persian and Urdu/Hindustani poetry. In his "Medieval India", "He was perfect in the humanities of his day, a keen student of Persian poetry.........a master of style, supremely eloquent in an age of rhetoric, a philosopher trained in Logic and Greek metaphysics, with whom scholars feared to argue, a mathematician and lover of science."[4] Barani has written that Tughluq wanted the traditions of the nubuwwah to be followed in his kingdom.[17] Even though he did not believe in mysticism, Chandra states that he respected the Sufi saints, which is evident from the fact of his building of the mausoleum of the saint Nizamuddin Auliya at Nizamuddin Dargah.[additional citation(s) needed] Critics have called him hasty in nature, owing to most of his experiments failing due to lack of preparation. Ibn Battuta has also written that he depended on his own judgement and rarely took advice from others and has also criticized him for his giving of excessive gifts and "harsh punishments".[18] He was famous because whenever a gift was bestowed upon him, he would give gifts worth three times the value to show his stature.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
A play was made on him by Girish Karnad.
Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971) is the title of a satirical film in Tamil based on a play of the same name by Cho Ramaswamy.

text: Footnotes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The term Khurasan refers to a historical area in Central Asia which included the mentioned regions.

tag: ol


document_title: Big East Conference (1979–2013)

question_text: when did west virginia leave the big east

question_tokens: when did west virginia leave the big east

text: Big East Conference (1979–2013)

text: History[edit]

text: Founding: The early years[edit]

text: The Big East, often referred to as the Classic Big East, was founded in 1979 after new NCAA basketball scheduling requirements caused the athletic directors of independent schools Providence, St. John's, Georgetown, and Syracuse to discuss the creation of a conference centered in the Northeast.[4] Other schools invited were Seton Hall, Connecticut, Holy Cross, Rutgers, and Boston College, with Rutgers and Holy Cross declining to join.[4] Villanova joined a year later in 1980[5] and Pittsburgh joined in 1982.[6] Before the formation of the conference, many of these schools participated in the ECAC Men's Basketball Tournament in order to receive an automatic bid for the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship.

text: In 1982, Penn State applied for membership, but was rejected, with only five schools in favor (Penn State needed six out of eight). It was long rumored that Syracuse cast the deciding vote against Penn State, but Mike Tranghese confirmed that this was not the case and that Syracuse had, in fact, voted for Penn State's inclusion.[7] Penn State would loom large over the conference during future rounds of realignment as the Nittany Lions had the potential to shore up the conference once football members began to join. Following the decisions by Georgetown, St. John's, and fellow Pennsylvania school Villanova to vote against Penn State's admission, then-Big Ten administrator and future-Big East commissioner Mike Tranghese said the conference would "rue the day" they rejected the Nittany Lions.[8]

text: Football expansion[edit]

text: About a decade after the conference's inception, Big East members decided to become a major football conference and thus added five schools including Rutgers, Miami, Temple, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia – though only Miami would be offered full all-sports membership immediately. The inaugural Big East football season launched in 1991.[9] West Virginia and Rutgers were offered admission to the Big East as full members starting in the 1995–96 academic year,[10] and Notre Dame, committed to its football independence, was offered a non-football membership effective the same year.[11] Virginia Tech would be forced to wait until 2000–01 for full admission,[12] and Temple remained a football-only member until 2004, when it was voted out of the conference due to poor attendance figures, lack of playing success, and inadequate facilities.[13]

text: Turmoil and realignment[edit]

text: The unusual structure of the Big East, with the "football" and "non-football" schools, led to instability in the conference. In 2003, the ongoing press reports of tensions between the football schools and the basketball-only schools finally exploded into a months-long public tug-of-war between the Big East and the Atlantic Coast Conference over several Big East members. The end result was that three Big East schools—Virginia Tech, Miami and Boston College—moved to the ACC, while five schools moved to the Big East from Conference USA—Louisville, Cincinnati, South Florida, Marquette, and DePaul.

text: The addition of the three football schools, along with Big East non-football member Connecticut moving up to the Big East football conference, ensured that the league would keep the minimum eight teams needed to keep its BCS bid. In addition, two traditional basketball teams, DePaul and Marquette, were added to gain the Chicago and Milwaukee television markets and help the already solid basketball status of the conference.[citation needed]

text: Meanwhile, Loyola University Maryland (then Loyola College in Maryland) also joined the Big East as an associate member in women's lacrosse for the 2005–06 academic year.[14]

text: Continued instability[edit]

text: In 2010, Texas Christian University accepted an invitation to join the conference as an all-sports member beginning in the 2012–13 academic year.[15] Big East schools compete in Division I. Most of the football-playing schools play in Division I FBS, while Georgetown and Villanova have Division I FCS (formerly I-AA) football programs. Georgetown football competes in the Patriot League. Villanova has competed in the Colonial Athletic Association football conference since 1988, dating back to its time as a completely separate conference known as the Yankee Conference, which merged with the Atlantic 10 Conference in 1997, then in 2007 the CAA took over management of the A-10 football conference (which happened after Northeastern University joined the CAA in 2005, giving them the six football-playing members needed to start sponsoring football, which was eventually dropped by Northeastern after 2009). In September 2010, in the wake of a Division I realignment that affected a number of conferences around the country, the Big East asked Villanova to consider becoming a football member. The school once considered the offer, which required the school to substantially expand its football budget, as well as expand its stadium to meet FBS requirements or find another suitable venue in the Philadelphia area.[16] Villanova presented a plan to the Big East football members on April 10, 2011, which included the use of PPL Park as a football stadium, but the league declined to schedule a vote to offer membership on the objections of Pittsburgh, West Virginia and Rutgers to the plan. On September 17, 2011 Syracuse, a charter member of the conference, and Pittsburgh announced that they would be leaving the Big East for the Atlantic Coast Conference.[17][18] Both schools originally intended to fulfill their commitment to the 27-month waiting period. TCU also reversed its decision and accepted an invitation from the Big 12 Conference to move there.[19][20]

text: On October 28, 2011 it was announced by the Big 12 Conference that West Virginia accepted its invitation to join, with membership beginning in 2012. This timeline was challenged by the Big East, and countersuits were launched by the school and conference. Eventually, a settlement was reached with allowed West Virginia's departure for 2012 in exchange for sizable compensation.[21] Syracuse and Pittsburgh then used the acquiescence of the Big East to West Virginia's departure to challenge the validity of their own commitment, and the Big East agreed to a settlement with both schools in July 2012 to allow their departure for the 2013 academic year.[22][23]

text: In December, after the 2011 football regular season was completed announcements were made that Boise State University and San Diego State University, both of the Mountain West Conference, would join the Big East in football only; and that Conference USA members University of Central Florida, Southern Methodist University, and the University of Houston would join in all sports for the 2013 academic year.[24]

text: On January 24, 2012, the Navy Midshipmen accepted an invitation to join the Big East for football only starting in 2015.

text: On February 9, 2012, the Big East invited the University of Memphis to join as a full member in all sports to begin play in 2013.

text: On March 7, 2012, it was announced that Temple University would return to the conference for football in the 2012 season, filling the void left by West Virginia. Temple would join for all sports in 2013. Temple basketball would move over from the Atlantic 10 Conference, where they have been a perennial powerhouse.

text: On August 29, 2012, Loyola and the Patriot League announced that all Loyola athletic teams, including the school's Big East team in women's lacrosse, would join that conference on July 1, 2013.[25]

text: On September 12, 2012, Notre Dame announced it would follow Pittsburgh and Syracuse to the ACC, joining that league in all sports except football. Notre Dame and the Big East reached agreement on March 13, 2013; the exit took place July 1, 2013.[26]

text: On November 20, 2012, Rutgers announced it would be leaving the Big East to join the Big Ten Conference as a full member, effective with the start of the 2014–15 academic year.[27] Rutgers' announcement came one day after the University of Maryland departed the ACC to join the Big Ten.[28] One week later, on November 27, Tulane University accepted the Big East's invitation to join as an all-sports member. East Carolina University's football program also joined the Big East in 2014; both schools were previously with Conference USA.[29][30] The following day the ACC voted to invite Louisville to join in 2014, making them the seventh school since 2004 to leave the Big East in favor of the ACC.[31] On March 27, 2013, East Carolina's future membership in the renamed conference was officially upgraded to all-sports membership.[32]

text: Conference split[edit]

text: New Big East[edit]

text: Less than two weeks after Louisville announced its departure for the ACC, multiple media reports indicated that the Big East's seven remaining non-FBS schools, all Catholic institutions, were considering a mass exit from the conference.[33][34][35][36] By December 13, it was likely that the non-FBS schools would indeed leave to form a new conference,[37] and on December 15, the seven schools (soon to be called the Catholic 7 by the media) made their departure official, effective with the 2015–16 school year.[38] Many details remained to be worked out, with one major issue being whether the "Big East" name would stay with the FBS schools.[39]

text: On December 31, Boise State announced they had decided to stay in the Mountain West conference, leaving the Big East, much like TCU, without ever playing a game in it. With Boise State staying in the Mountain West, it was noted that San Diego State would indeed try to rejoin the Mountain West as well.[40] On January 16, 2013, reports surfaced that SDSU would indeed stay in the Mountain West. Rumors of the MWC looking at potentially adding Houston and SMU as its 13th and 14th football members, both of which had stated they would join the Big East in 2013, continued to circulate as well.[40]

text: In February 2013, multiple media reports indicated that the Catholic 7 would depart in July 2013, two years earlier than originally planned. On March 5, the Associated Press reported tentative details of a financial agreement: In exchange for selling both the Big East name and a contract with Madison Square Garden (MSG) to host the men's basketball tournament to the Catholic 7, as well as $10 million, the football schools would receive $100 million of a $110 million pool that had accumulated from entry fees, exit fees, and proceeds earned from appearances in the NCAA men's basketball tournament.[41] On April 3, the football-playing schools, which retained the old Big East's structure and its automatic BCS bid, announced they would operate as the American Athletic Conference starting on July 1.[42]

text: Membership timeline[edit]

text: Full members Full members (non-football) Assoc. members (football only) Assoc. member (list sports) Other Conference American Athletic Conference

text: Commissioners[edit]

text:
Years
Commissioners

1979–1990
Dave Gavitt

1990–2009
Mike Tranghese

2009–2012
John Marinatto

2012
Joseph Bailey (Interim)

2012–
Michael Aresco

text: Mike Tranghese retired at the end of the 2008–09 academic year, which he announced in June 2008, and was replaced by former senior associate commissioner John Marinatto. On May 7, 2012, John Marinatto resigned as commissioner. He was replaced by Joseph Bailey on an interim basis.[43] Mike Aresco, the Executive Vice President of CBS Sports' Programming, was named Commissioner of The Big East on August 14, 2012.[44] After the old Big East changed its name to the American Athletic Conference, Aresco continued as commissioner. The new Big East named Val Ackerman as commissioner on July 1, but reckons her as its fifth commissioner.[3]

text: Member institutions[edit]

text: As of the beginning of the 2012–13 academic year, there were 15 full members and two associate members of the Big East. On July 1, 2013, Louisville, Pittsburgh, Syracuse, and Notre Dame joined the ACC. DePaul, Georgetown, Marquette, Providence, St. John's, Seton Hall, and Villanova joined the new Big East. Cincinnati, Connecticut, South Florida, and Temple remained in the old Big East, which changed its name to the American Athletic Conference.

text: Full members[edit]

text:
Institution
Location
(Population)
Founded
Type
Enrollment
Year
Joined
Nickname
Endowment
Current Conference

University of Cincinnati[45]
Cincinnati
(296,943)
1819
Public
41,357
2005
Bearcats
$1,004,000,000
The American

University of Connecticut[46]
Storrs, Connecticut
(15,344)
1881
Public
30,034
1979
Huskies
$329,000,000
The American

University of Louisville[47]
Louisville, Kentucky
(741,096)
1798
Public
23,262
2005
Cardinals
$762,300,000
ACC

University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
(305,704)
1787
Public/State-Related[48]
28,823
1982
Panthers
$2,032,798,000
ACC

Rutgers University
New Brunswick, New Jersey
(55,181)
1766
Public
38,912
1995
Scarlet Knights
$603,083,000
Big Ten

University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida
(335,709)
1956
Public
47,122
2005
Bulls
$339,000,000
The American

Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York
(145,170)
1870
Private/Non-sectarian
20,407
1979
Orange
$849,157,000
ACC

text: Full members except in football[edit]

text:
Institution
Location
(Population)
Founded
Type
Enrollment
Year
Joined
Nickname
Endowment
Current Conference

DePaul University
Chicago
(2,695,598)
1898
Private/Catholic
25,398
2005
Blue Demons
$414,000,000
Big East

Georgetown University
Washington, D.C.
(601,723)
1789
Private/Catholic
16,437
1979
Hoyas
$1,009,736,000
Big East

Marquette University
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
(594,833)
1881
Private/Catholic
11,599
2005
Golden Eagles
$401,200,000
Big East

University of Notre Dame
South Bend, Indiana
(101,168)
1842
Private/Catholic
11,733
1995
Fighting Irish
$6,800,000,000
ACC

Providence College
Providence, Rhode Island
(178,042)
1917
Private/Catholic
4,585
1979
Friars
$165,900,000
Big East

St. John's University
Jamaica, Queens, New York City
(216,866/8,175,133)
1870
Private/Catholic
21,354
1979
Red Storm
$303,057,000
Big East

Seton Hall University
South Orange, New Jersey
(16,198)
1856
Private/Catholic
9,745
1979
Pirates
$162,889,000
Big East

Villanova University
Villanova, Pennsylvania
(9,189)
1842
Private/Catholic
10,482
1980
Wildcats
$370,292,000
Big East

text: Associate members[edit]

text:
Institution
Location
(Population)
Primary Conference
Type
Enrollment
Year Joined
Nickname
Big East Sport
Endowment
Current Conference

Loyola University Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
(620,961)
MAAC
Private/Catholic
6,531
2005
Greyhounds
Women's lacrosse
$143,000,000
Patriot League

Temple University
Philadelphia
(1,526,006)
A-10
Public (state-related)
37,697
2012
Owls
Football
$280,000,000
The American

text: Previous members[edit]

text: Former full members[edit]

text:
Institution
Location
(Population)
Beginning Year
Ending Year
Nickname
Current Conference

Boston College
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
(22,491)
1979
2005
Eagles
ACC

University of Miami
Coral Gables, Florida
(42,871)
1991
2004
Hurricanes
ACC

Virginia Tech *
Blacksburg, Virginia
(42,620)
2000
2004
Hokies
ACC

West Virginia University **
Morgantown, West Virginia
(29,660)
1995
2012
Mountaineers
Big 12

text: * Virginia Tech was an associate member of the Big East 1991–2000. ** West Virginia was an associate member of the Big East 1991–1995. Note: Syracuse, Pittsburgh, Notre Dame and Louisville left the Big East and joined the ACC. Syracuse and Pittsburgh departed the Big East on July 1, 2013; each paid the Big East $7.5 million to depart on that date.[22][49] Notre Dame joined the ACC on July 1, 2013, while Louisville left for the ACC on July 1, 2014. Rutgers left for the Big Ten on July 1, 2014.

text: Former associate members[edit]

text:
Institution
Location
(Population)
Membership Type
Primary Conference
Joined
Left
Nickname

Rutgers University *
New Brunswick, New Jersey
(55,181)
Football
A-10 (1976–1995)
1991
1995
Scarlet Knights

West Virginia University *
Morgantown, West Virginia
(29,660)
Football
A-10 (1976–1995)
1991
1995
Mountaineers

Virginia Tech **
Blacksburg, Virginia
(42,620)
Football
Metro (1991–1995)
A-10 (1995–2000)
1991
2000
Hokies

Temple University ***
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
(1,526,006)
Football
A-10 (1982–2013)
1991
2004
Owls

text: * Rutgers and West Virginia joined the Big East as full members in 1995. ** Virginia Tech joined the Big East as a full member in 2000. *** Temple was removed from the Big East as a football-only member after the 2004 football season. Temple was invited to the Big East as a full member in March 2012, with football returning in July 2012 and all other sports joining in July 2013.

text: Invited members[edit]

text: The following is a list of institutions which planned to join the Big East conference but later reneged.

text:
Institution
Location
(Population)
Former Conference
Current Conference
Year backed out
Nickname

Texas Christian University *
Fort Worth, Texas
(758,738)
Mountain West (2005–2012)
Big 12
2011
Horned Frogs

Boise State University **
Boise, Idaho
(205,671)
Mountain West (2011–2013)
Mountain West
2012
Broncos

San Diego State University **
San Diego, California
(1,322,553)
Mountain West (1999–2013)
Mountain West
2013
Aztecs

text: * TCU was to join the Big East as a full member in 2012 before accepting an invitation to the Big 12. ** Boise State and San Diego State were set to join the Big East as associate members for football only in 2013 before deciding to remain in the Mountain West.[50][51]

text: Sports[edit]

text: The Big East Conference sponsored championship competition in eleven men's and thirteen women's NCAA sanctioned sports.[52] Temple was an Associate member for football, and Loyola, Maryland was an Associate member for women's lacrosse.

text:
Teams in Big East Conference competition

Sport
Men's
Women's

Baseball

11

-

Basketball

15

15

Cross country

14

15

Field hockey

-

7

Football

8

-

Golf

12

8

Lacrosse

7

9

Rowing

-

8

Soccer

15

15

Softball

-

13

Swimming & Diving

9

10

Tennis

9

15

Track and field (indoor)

13

14

Track and field (outdoor)

13

14

Volleyball

-

14

text: NOTE: Under NCAA rules reflecting the large number of male scholarship participants in football and attempting to address gender equity concerns (see also Title IX), each football playing member institution is required to provide two more women's varsity sports than men's.[53]

text: Men's basketball[edit]

text:
2011–2012 Men's Basketball Average Home Attendance[54]

School
Average Attendance

Syracuse
23,618

Louisville
21,503

Marquette
15,183

Connecticut
12,640

Georgetown
11,283

West Virginia
9,930

Pittsburgh
9,321

Villanova
8,923

Cincinnati
8,069

Notre Dame
7,999

Providence
7,883

St. John's
7,831

DePaul
7,740

Seton Hall
6,941

Rutgers
5,362

South Florida
3,849

text: The Big East was founded by seven charter schools in 1979 (Providence, St. John's, Georgetown, Syracuse, Seton Hall, Connecticut, and Boston College).[55] Villanova joined the following year, followed by Pittsburgh in 1982.

text: Georgetown, led by senior Sleepy Floyd and freshman Patrick Ewing, made the NCAA Championship Game in 1982. Just two years later, in 1984, Georgetown won the Big East's first NCAA basketball championship with a victory over the University of Houston.

text: The following year three Big East teams (Villanova, St. John's, and Georgetown) all advanced to the Final Four, culminating in Villanova's stunning championship game victory over the heavily favored Georgetown Hoyas. The conference's 1985 success was nearly duplicated in 1987, when Syracuse and a surprising Providence both made the Final Four, followed by the Orangemen's narrow loss to Indiana University in the tournament final. Two years later, the Seton Hall Pirates also advanced to the NCAA Championship Game, but were defeated by the Michigan Wolverines in an overtime heartbreaker.

text:
Team
NCAA Championships
Final Fours
NCAA appearances

Cincinnati
2
6
25

Connecticut
4
5
30

DePaul
0
2
17*

Georgetown
1
5
24

Louisville
3
10
39

Marquette
1
3
27

Notre Dame
0
1
29

Pittsburgh
0
1
21

Providence
0
2
15

Rutgers
0
1
6

Saint John'sSt. John's
0
2
26

Seton Hall
0
1
9

South Florida
0
0
3

Syracuse
1
5
34

Villanova
3
4*
32*

West Virginia
0
2
26

*Does not include Villanova's 1971 NCAA appearance and Final Four nor DePaul's 1986–89 NCAA appearances that were vacated by the NCAA.

text: Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Georgetown, Villanova, St. John's, and Syracuse were the primary powers in the conference. UConn became a power in 1990 with a # 1 seed and a trip to the Elite 8 before being defeated by Duke. Georgetown was led by John Thompson Jr., who was named three times as the conference Coach of the Year.[56] They won five regular season conference championships and six Big East Tournaments to go with their 1984 national title.[57] Villanova was coached by Rollie Massimino, who led them to the 1985 NCAA Championship in a historic 66–64 win over No. 1 ranked Georgetown where forward Ed Pinckney was named the Most Outstanding Player. In their first 11 seasons in the Big East, Villanova made 9 trips to the NCAA Tournament including advancing to the NCAA Elite Eight in 1982, 1983 and 1988 as well as their 1985 Championship season. Massimino coached for 19 seasons at Villanova, compiling a record of 357–241 (.596). In the NCAA Tournament, Massimino had an incredible 20–10 record (.667). St. John's was led by Lou Carnesecca, who won the National Coach of the Year honor in 1983 and 1985. He led the Redmen (now the Red Storm) to the 1985 Final Four, and made a post-season appearance in each of his 24 years at the helm. Syracuse has been led by alumnus Jim Boeheim since the 1977 season. He was named conference Coach of the Year in 1984 and 1991. During this period, the Orangemen won five regular season conference championships, three Big East Tournaments, and were invited to the NCAA Tournament every year but two (1981 and 1982), losing the 1987 National Final to Indiana. Syracuse eventually won its first national title in 2003, led by coach Boeheim and freshman Carmelo Anthony.

text: Beginning with their first Big East championship in 1990, Connecticut has become the preeminent power in the Big East. Over the past two decades, UConn has made many deep runs in NCAA tournament, playing in the Elite 8 nine times and making four appearances in the Final Four. Hall of Fame coach Jim Calhoun's program, led by such stars as Ray Allen, Richard "Rip" Hamilton, Caron Butler, Emeka Okafor and Kemba Walker, averaged nearly 26 wins per year during that time span, won numerous Big East regular season and tournament championships, and claimed the National Championship in 1999, 2004 and 2011.

text: The conference got a then-record eight teams into the NCAA Men's Tournament in 2006 and again matched their own record in both 2008 and 2010. At the start of the 2008–2009 season, many sports analysts predicted that the conference would surpass the record by sending 10 teams to the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. When the brackets were revealed, seven made it, but three of them (Louisville, Pittsburgh and Connecticut) gained No. 1 seeds, and Louisville earned the top seed overall. Connecticut and Villanova (a No. 3 seed) both reached the Final Four. At the finish of the 2010–11 season, the Big East eclipsed its record, sending 11 teams to the 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament.[58][59][60]

text: The conference has a number of former players currently playing in the National Basketball Association with some of the most recent being Ray Allen, Caron Butler, Carmelo Anthony, Ryan Gomes, Austin Croshere, Richard "Rip" Hamilton, Ben Gordon, Emeka Okafor, Troy Murphy, Hakim Warrick, Quincy Douby, Dante Cunningham, Randy Foye, Kyle Lowry, Rudy Gay, Matt Carroll, Jake Voskuhl, Etan Thomas, Samuel Dalembert, Charlie Villanueva, Donté Greene, Ron Artest, Chris Quinn, Jason Hart, Tim Thomas, Aaron Gray, Daniel Ochefu, Sam Young, DeJuan Blair, Wilson Chandler, Jeff Green, Joe Alexander, Marcus Williams, Jonny Flynn, Terrence Williams, Earl Clark, Roy Hibbert, Wesley Johnson, Wesley Matthews, Lazar Hayward, Jimmy Butler, Steve Novak, Jae Crowder, Maalik Wayns, and Darius Johnson-Odom.

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: Big East women's basketball was nearly as powerful as the conference's men's programs.[who?] Connecticut coach Geno Auriemma has led his women's team to eight national championships (including four between 2000 and 2004) and four undefeated seasons (1995, 2002, 2009, and 2010). Connecticut set the record for longest winning streak in all of NCAA women's basketball history with a 70-game winning streak stretching from 2001 to 2003. This streak was ended in 2003 when Villanova beat Connecticut for the Big East tournament title, in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in women's basketball (Villanova would go on to reach the Elite Eight that year). The Huskies broke their own record with consecutive unbeaten championship seasons in 2009 and 2010, and stretched their streak to 90, a Division I record for both sexes, before losing to Stanford during the 2010–11 season.

text: Due to the strength of the Connecticut program, 2001 national champion and 2011 and 2012 national runner-up Notre Dame, and 2007 national runner-up Rutgers, the Big East has emerged as one of the major powers in women's college basketball. In 2009 two Big East schools met in the national championship game (Connecticut and Louisville) and the South Florida women's basketball team defeated Kansas to become the WNIT champions. In 2011, UConn and Notre Dame both made the Final Four; the Irish defeated the Huskies in their semifinal but lost to Texas A&M in the NCAA Championship Game. The Irish returned to the championship game in 2012, losing there to unbeaten Baylor.

text: The final season under the original conference structure, 2012–13, saw three Big East teams make the Final Four—UConn, Notre Dame, and Louisville. UConn first defeated Notre Dame in the semifinals and, in a rematch of the 2009 final, defeated Louisville for the national title.

text: Football[edit]

text: Big East began football during the 1991–1992 season with the addition of Miami and was a founding member of the Bowl Championship Series.[61]

text: In the league's early years the University of Miami dominated, winning nine of the first thirteen championships and two national championships in 1991 and 2001. Virginia Tech also did well, winning the conference in 1995, 1996, and in 1999, when they also earned a No. 2 national ranking. West Virginia and Syracuse were the only other teams to win conference titles during the league's original alignment.

text: The conference experienced a major reconstruction when Miami and Virginia Tech left for the Atlantic Coast Conference in 2004, followed by Boston College in 2005. Initially, Syracuse University was in place to make the jump instead of Virginia Tech, but in 2003, the governor of Virginia Mark Warner put pressure on the ACC (via the vote of the University of Virginia) to ensure that Virginia Tech was not left out of the conference expansion. Syracuse, then, was not invited to the ACC and was left to remain in the Big East. Temple had joined the Big East for football only in 1991, but found it difficult to compete with the other league teams and drew very poor attendance to its games. The conference was compelled to expel the Owls voluntarily in 2004 (after playing two seasons as an independent, Temple joined the MAC in 2007).

text: The universities that replaced them were Louisville, South Florida and Cincinnati from Conference USA. The league also invited the University of Connecticut to play football a year earlier than planned. At about this time, the BCS announced that it would adjust the automatic bids granted to its six founding conferences based on results from 2004 to 2007, and that there would be five, six, or seven such bids starting in 2008. The obvious inference was that soon the Big East might lose its bid.

text: The conference's fortunes improved in 2005. The three new teams from Conference USA began play that year, restoring the league to eight teams. West Virginia won the conference title and the Sugar Bowl,[62] and finished 11–1 and finished No. 5 in the AP poll. Newcomer Louisville also ranked in the Top 20.

text: In 2006, West Virginia, Louisville, and Rutgers all entered November undefeated. However, they did not stay that way, as in a trio of exciting games over the next month, Louisville defeated West Virginia 44–34, Rutgers defeated Louisville 28–25, and West Virginia defeated Rutgers 41–39 in three overtimes. Louisville won the conference title in the end. In bowl action, the Big East went 5–0, including an Orange Bowl[62] victory for Louisville over Wake Forest and a win by West Virginia over Georgia Tech in the Gator Bowl. Louisville would finish the season ranked 6th, West Virginia 10th, and Rutgers 12th in the final AP Poll.

text: In 2007, USF rose to No. 2 in the BCS rankings. They lost their next three games, however, to drop out of the rankings. They eventually finished the season No. 21 in the final BCS polls. The Connecticut Huskies, getting as high as No. 13, and West Virginia remained in the top 25. Cincinnati also rose as high as No. 15 in the rankings eventually finishing the season with 10 wins and a No. 17 ranking. Connecticut lost subsequent games and dropped substantially in the rankings, ultimately finishing 25th. On the final day of the season, Pittsburgh upset No. 2 WVU 13–9 in the 100th edition of the Backyard Brawl to give the Huskies a share of the conference championship, while WVU was stopped on the doorstep of the BCS National Championship Game. In bowl games, WVU upset the Big 12 Champion Oklahoma in the Fiesta Bowl,[62] despite having lost their highly touted coach, Rich Rodriguez to Michigan less than a month before the game. West Virginia finished the season ranked No. 6 and Cincinnati finished ranked #17.

text: The 2009 season saw Cincinnati finish the regular season undefeated at 12–0 and climb to No. 3 in the final BCS standings. After completing a fourth quarter comeback to beat Pittsburgh on the final day of the season, the Bearcats narrowly missed a spot in the BCS national championship game, as No. 2 Texas pulled out a last second win in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Bearcats would go on to lose the Sugar Bowl to No. 5 Florida and finish the year 12–1.

text: On September 18, 2011, both Pittsburgh and Syracuse were accepted as Atlantic Coast Conference members although the exact date of the move is still uncertain. ("ESPN".) There are also rumors that UConn is also looking to leave the Big East and join Pittsburgh and Syracuse in the ACC. ("ESPN".) On October 28, 2011, West Virginia announced it was leaving the Big East to join the Big 12 in 2012. TCU, who had accepted an invitation to join the Big East in the 2012 season, withdrew its acceptance and instead accepted an invitation to join the Big 12.[20]

text: In 2011, as a response to major shifts in the college football conference landscape, the conference added five new members to help offset the losses of Pittsburgh, Syracuse, and West Virginia. On December 7, 2011, the conference officially added the University of Houston, Southern Methodist University, and the University of Central Florida as all-sports members. Additionally, Boise State and San Diego State of the Mountain West Conference were added as football-only members,[63] but Boise State eventually decided not to join the Big East, which allowed San Diego State to withdraw without penalty.

text: Champions[edit]

text:
Season
Conference Champion
Conference Record
Bowl Coalition/Alliance/BCS Bowl Representative

1993
West Virginia
7–0
West Virginia

1994
Miami
7–0
Miami

1995
Virginia Tech / Miami
6–1
Virginia Tech

1996
Virginia Tech / Miami / Syracuse
6–1
Virginia Tech

1997
Syracuse
6–1
Syracuse

1998
Syracuse
6–1
Syracuse

1999
Virginia Tech
7–0
Virginia Tech

2000
Miami
7–0
Miami

2001
Miami
7–0
Miami

2002
Miami
7–0
Miami

2003
Miami / West Virginia
6–1
Miami

2004
Pittsburgh / Boston College / Syracuse / West Virginia
4–2
Pittsburgh

2005
West Virginia
7–0
West Virginia

2006
Louisville
6–1
Louisville

2007
West Virginia / Connecticut
5–2
West Virginia

2008
Cincinnati
6–1
Cincinnati

2009
Cincinnati
7–0
Cincinnati

2010
Connecticut / Pittsburgh / West Virginia
5–2
Connecticut

2011
West Virginia / Cincinnati / Louisville
5–2
West Virginia

2012
Louisville / Cincinnati / Rutgers / Syracuse
5–2
Louisville**

text: *No official championship awarded in 1991 and 1992, as the conference did not start full league play until 1993.

text: **Louisville received the BCS bid since they were the highest ranked team in the final BCS poll.[64]

text: BCS Bowl Games[edit]

text: The Big East had an 8–7 record in BCS bowl games, including a 1–2 record in National Championship games.[65]

text:
Big East in BCS Bowl Games

Date
BCS Bowl Game
Rank
Winning Team
Points
Rank
Losing Team
Points

January 2, 1999
FedEx Orange Bowl
No. 8
Florida
31
No. 15
Syracuse
10

January 4, 2000
Nokia Sugar Bowl (National Championship)
No. 1
Florida State
46
No. 2
Virginia Tech
29

January 2, 2001
Nokia Sugar Bowl
No. 3
Miami (FL)
37
No. 7
Florida
20

January 3, 2002
Rose Bowl (National Championship)
No. 1
Miami (FL)
37
No. 2
Nebraska
14

January 3, 2003
Tostitos Fiesta Bowl (National Championship)
No. 2
Ohio State
31
No. 1
Miami (FL)
24 (2 OT)

January 1, 2004
FedEx Orange Bowl
No. 9
Miami (FL)
16
No. 7
Florida State
14

January 1, 2005
Tostitos Fiesta Bowl
No. 6
Utah
35
No. 21
Pittsburgh
7

January 2, 2006
Nokia Sugar Bowl
No. 11
West Virginia
38
No. 7
Georgia
35

January 2, 2007
FedEx Orange Bowl
No. 6
Louisville
24
No. 14
Wake Forest
13

January 2, 2008
Tostitos Fiesta Bowl
No. 9
West Virginia
48
No. 4
Oklahoma
28

January 1, 2009
FedEx Orange Bowl
No. 19
Virginia Tech
20
No. 12
Cincinnati
7

January 1, 2010
Allstate Sugar Bowl
No. 5
Florida
51
No. 3
Cincinnati
24

January 1, 2011
Tostitos Fiesta Bowl
No. 7
Oklahoma
48
NR
Connecticut
20

January 4, 2012
Discover Orange Bowl
No. 23
West Virginia
70
No. 15
Clemson
33

January 2, 2013
Allstate Sugar Bowl
No. 21
Louisville
33
No. 3
Florida
23

text: Big East team in bold

text: Bowl games[edit]

text:
Pick
Name
Location
Opposing Conference
Opposing Pick

1
Bowl Championship Series†
–
BCS At-Large
–

2
Russell Athletic Bowl
Orlando, Florida
ACC
3

3
Belk Bowl
Charlotte, North Carolina
ACC
5

4
Pinstripe Bowl
Bronx, New York
Big 12
7

5/6
BBVA Compass Bowl
Birmingham, Alabama
SEC
8/9

5/6
Liberty Bowl
Memphis, Tennessee
C-USA or SEC
1 or 8/9

7
Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl
St. Petersburg, Florida
C-USA
4

text:
† The Big East's BCS representative was not tied directly to a specific BCS Bowl. It was selected to a bowl in the same manner as an at-large team. The BCS may select a second team to play in another BCS bowl game. Beginning in 2008, the Big East champion was rotated between the Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl, and Fiesta Bowl (in that order).
Notre Dame was eligible to be chosen in lieu of a Big East team for the Russell Athletic Bowl one time during a four-year period. In a separate rule specific only to Notre Dame that does not affect the Big East's BCS representative, Notre Dame is eligible to receive a BCS automatic berth if they finish within the top 8 of the BCS Rankings.

text: Lacrosse[edit]

text: Men's[edit]

text: In 2010, the Big East created a men's lacrosse league with Georgetown, Notre Dame, Providence, Rutgers, St. John's, Syracuse, and Villanova participating.[66] Men's lacrosse is the 24th sport sponsored by the Big East Conference and is the 11th men's sport. The teams play a six-game single round-robin regular-season schedule. There was no Big East men's lacrosse championship tournament in 2010 and 2011. Instead, the Big East champion was determined by conference-game winning percentage at the conclusion of the regular season. This winner received the league's automatic bid to the 16-team NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship. The first Big East championship tournament was played beginning in the 2012 season. Syracuse dominated the sport until its switch to the Atlantic Coast Conference.

text: Of the Big East men's lacrosse schools in the 2013 season, the final season under the original conference structure:

text:
Georgetown, Providence, St. John's, and Villanova are members of the new Big East. Marquette, which announced plans to add the sport for the 2014 season, is also in the new conference.
Notre Dame and Syracuse joined the ACC, which already sponsored the sport.
Rutgers spent the 2014 season in The American before joining the Big Ten. Since Rutgers was the only current or future full member of The American that sponsors men's lacrosse, it would remain in Big East lacrosse until the Big Ten began lacrosse competition in the 2015 season.

text:
Team
NCAA Championships
Final Fours
NCAA appearances

Georgetown
0
1
11

Marquette*
0
0
0

Notre Dame
0
2
14

Providence
0
0
3

Rutgers
0
0
9

Saint John'sSt. John's
0
0
0

Syracuse
10**
28
30

Villanova
0
0
2

*Marquette began Big East competition in 2013–14.
**Does not include Syracuse's 1990 NCAA National Championship that was vacated by the NCAA for rules infractions.

text: Women's[edit]

text: The Big East has sponsored women's lacrosse since the 2000–01 season. Georgetown and former member Syracuse have dominated, winning ten championships (including one shared one) as of the 2012–13 season.[67]

text: Cross country[edit]

text: The Big East Conference first crowned men's cross country champions in 1979 and women's cross country champions in 1982. During the history of the original Big East, six different women's teams won Big East Championships: Boston College, Georgetown, Notre Dame, Providence, Villanova and West Virginia. On the men's side six teams won Big East Championships as well: Georgetown, Louisville, Notre Dame, Providence, Syracuse and Villanova.[68]

text: In both the 2009 and 2010 season, the Villanova women captured the NCAA Cross Country Team Championship as they have largely dominated the Big East over the years with numerous Conference Titles. Led by Sheila Reid, a junior from New Market, Ont. who won the 2010 individual champion, the top-ranked Wildcats captured their second straight NCAA Division I women's cross country championship. Reid sprinted past Georgetown's Emily Infeld and Oregon's Jordan Hasay in the final 200 meters to win the individual title. It was the Villanova Women's ninth NCAA Team Championship overall in Cross Country. The Wildcats captured six consecutive NCAA Championships from 1989 to 1994 and also won the title again in 1998, 2009 and 2010.[69]

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: Conference champions by year[edit]

text:
Year
Men's Basketball Regular Season Champion
Men's Basketball Tournament Champion
Women's Basketball Regular Season Champion
Women's Basketball Tournament Champion
Football Champion

1979–80
Georgetown/St. John's/Syracuse
Georgetown

1980–81
Boston College
Syracuse

1981–82
Villanova
Georgetown

1982–83
Boston College/St. John's/Villanova
St. John's
Providence/St. John's
St. John's

1983–84
Georgetown
Georgetown
Pittsburgh/Villanova
Pittsburgh

1984–85
St. John's
Georgetown
St. John's/Villanova
St. John's

1985–86
St. John's/Syracuse
St. John's
Providence
Providence

1986–87
Georgetown/Pittsburgh/Syracuse
Georgetown
Villanova
Villanova

1987–88
Pittsburgh
Syracuse
Syracuse
Syracuse

1988–89
Georgetown
Georgetown
Connecticut
Connecticut

1989–90
Connecticut/Syracuse
Connecticut
Connecticut/Providence
Providence

1990–91
Syracuse
Seton Hall
Connecticut
Connecticut

1991–92
Georgetown/St. John's/Seton Hall
Syracuse
Miami
Miami
Miami

1992–93
Seton Hall
Seton Hall
Georgetown/Miami
Miami
Miami

1993–94
Connecticut
Providence
Connecticut
Connecticut
West Virginia

1994–95
Connecticut
Villanova
Connecticut
Connecticut
Miami

1995–96
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut
Virginia Tech/Miami

1996–97
Boston College/Villanova
Boston College
Connecticut
Connecticut
Virginia Tech/Miami/Syracuse

1997–98
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut
Syracuse

1998–99
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut/Rutgers
Connecticut
Syracuse†

1999–2000
Syracuse/Miami
St. John's
Connecticut
Connecticut
Virginia Tech†

2000–01
Boston College (east)
Notre Dame (west)
Boston College
Connecticut/Notre Dame
Connecticut
Miami†

2001–02
Connecticut (east)
Pittsburgh (west)
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut
Miami†

2002–03
Boston College & Connecticut (east)
Pittsburgh & Syracuse (west)
Pittsburgh
Connecticut
Villanova
Miami†

2003–04
Pittsburgh
Connecticut
Connecticut
Boston College
Miami†/West Virginia

2004–05
Boston College/Connecticut
Syracuse
Rutgers
Connecticut
Pittsburgh†/Boston College/Syracuse/West Virginia

2005–06
Connecticut/Villanova
Syracuse
Rutgers
Connecticut
West Virginia†

2006–07
Georgetown
Georgetown
Connecticut
Rutgers
Louisville†

2007–08
Georgetown
Pittsburgh
Connecticut
Connecticut
West Virginia†/Connecticut

2008–09
Louisville
Louisville
Connecticut
Connecticut
Cincinnati†

2009–10
Syracuse
West Virginia
Connecticut
Connecticut
Cincinnati†

2010–11
Pittsburgh
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut†/West Virginia/Pittsburgh

2011–12
Syracuse
Louisville
Notre Dame
Connecticut
West Virginia†/Cincinnati/Louisville

2012–13
Georgetown/Louisville/Marquette
Louisville
Notre Dame
Notre Dame
Louisville†/Cincinnati/Rutgers/Syracuse

text: †Received the Conference's BCS (or Alliance Bowl) berth[70]

text: Facilities[edit]

text:
School
Football stadium
Capacity
Basketball arena
Capacity
Baseball park
Capacity

Cincinnati
Nippert Stadium
Paul Brown Stadium1
35,097
65,790
Fifth Third Arena
13,176
Marge Schott Stadium
3,085

Connecticut
Rentschler Field
40,000
Harry A. Gampel Pavilion
XL Center
10,167
16,294
J. O. Christian Field
2,000

DePaul
Non-football school
Allstate Arena (men)
Sullivan Athletic Center (women)
17,500
3,000
Non-baseball school

Georgetown
Sponsors football in the Patriot League
Verizon Center (men)
McDonough Gymnasium (women)
20,035
2,500
Shirley Povich Field
1,500

Louisville
Papa John's Cardinal Stadium
57,000
KFC Yum! Center
22,090
Jim Patterson Stadium
2,500

Marquette
Non-football school
BMO Harris Bradley Center (men)
Al McGuire Center (women)
18,850
4,000
Non-baseball school

Notre Dame
Sponsors football as a Division I-FBS independent
Edmund P. Joyce Center
9,149
Frank Eck Stadium
2,500

Pittsburgh
Heinz Field
65,050
Petersen Events Center
12,508
Petersen Sports Complex
900

Providence
Non-football school
Dunkin' Donuts Center (men)
Alumni Hall (women)
12,400
1,854
Non-baseball school

Rutgers
High Point Solutions Stadium 2
52,454
Louis Brown Athletic Center (The RAC)
8,000
Bainton Field
1,500

Seton Hall
Non-football school
Prudential Center (men)
Walsh Gymnasium (women)
10,862
2,600
Owen T. Carroll Field
600

South Florida
Raymond James Stadium
65,908
USF Sun Dome
10,411
USF Baseball Stadium
3,211

St. John's
Non-football school
Madison Square Garden (some men's games)
Carnesecca Arena 3
19,979
5,602
Jack Kaiser Stadium
3,500

Syracuse
Carrier Dome
49,250
Carrier Dome 4
33,000
Non-baseball school

Temple
Lincoln Financial Field
68,532
Football-only member

Villanova
Sponsors football in the Colonial Athletic Association
Wells Fargo Center
The Pavilion 5
20,328
6,500
Villanova Ballpark at Plymouth
1,500

text: Schools that moved to the Big East Conference (2013–present) are highlighted in grey. Those that moved to the Atlantic Coast Conference are in pink. Those that remained in the renamed American Athletic Conference for 2013–14 are in white.

text:
Notes:
1 For certain high-profile home games, Cincinnati uses the Cincinnati Bengals' Paul Brown Stadium. In 2010, Cincinnati hosted the University of Oklahoma at Paul Brown Stadium. In 2011, Cincinnati used Paul Brown Stadium as an alternate home field for games against Louisville and West Virginia.
2 Late in 2006, Rutgers added approximately 3,000 temporary end zone seats that remained for the 2007 season (total 45,000). In 2008, Rutgers began a stadium expansion project which is expected to increase capacity to over 55,000 seats and add luxury and club seats. The premium seating is projected to be ready for the 2008 season and the additional 12,000 end zone seats are expected for the 2009 season. The stadium is also expected to receive a new name as part of the financing package depends on a name sponsorship.
3 St. John's men generally play their Big East home schedule in Madison Square Garden and their non-conference home schedule on campus at Carnesecca Arena. In 2005–06, St. John's played only one non-conference game at MSG and one Big East game on campus.
4 For Syracuse basketball games in the Carrier Dome, the court is laid out on one end of the field and stands are erected beside it. This makes the Carrier Dome the largest on-campus venue for college basketball in the nation.
5 For certain high-profile home games, Villanova uses the Wells Fargo Center, and previously used the Spectrum. In 2005–06, Villanova played three home games at the Wells Fargo Center and the rest on campus at The Pavilion. In 2006, the Wells Fargo Center was also a first-round site for the NCAA Tournament. Under NCAA rules, a venue is not considered a home court unless a school plays four or more regular-season games there; this enabled Villanova to play its first two tournament games at the Wells Fargo Center (but Villanova was not considered the host school for that sub-region – the Atlantic 10 Conference was). This situation occurred again in 2009, with Villanova playing (and winning) its first two tournament games at Wells Fargo Center.