document_title: List of Home and Away characters (1989)

question_text: who is playing alfs wife martha in home and away

text: List of Home and Away characters (1989)

text: Rebecca Nash[edit]

text: Rebecca Nash, debuted on screen during the episode airing on 3 April 1989. Belinda Emmett’s portrayal of Rebecca earned her nominations for the "Best New Talent" Logie Award in 1997. [1] and "Most Popular Actress" in 1998 and 1999.[2][3] Emmett was also nominated for a Gold Logie in 1999.[3] Emmett and her co-star Nic Testoni won "Best Couple" at the 1998 Inside Soap Awards[4] and were nominated again in the same category the following year.[5][6]

text: Marilyn Chambers[edit]

text: Marilyn Chambers, played by Emily Symons debuted on screen during the episode airing on 18 May 1989. Symons departed the serial in 1992 but returned in 1995 for another regular stint which lasted until 1999. Dannii Minogue originally auditioned for the role of Marilyn, but she was given the role of Emma Jackson and Emily Symons was cast instead.[7] Holy Soap called her "bubbly" and a "Dizzy blonde beautician".[8]

text: Duncan Stewart[edit]

text: Duncan Stewart made his first appearance in during the episode airing on 14 June 1989. Brendan McKensy’s portrayal of Duncan earned him a nomination for Best Young Actor at the 1999 Inside Soap Awards.[9]

text: Adam Cameron[edit]

text: Adam Cameron played by Mat Stevenson debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 28 June 1989. Stevenson had previously guested on rival soap opera Neighbours on Network Ten as petty criminal Skinner.[10] In an interview with The Sun-Herald, he said that the chance to play Adam was a role-reversal and part in Neighbours helped him become more level-headed.[11] Stevenson chose to move from his native Melbourne to Sydney for filming.[11] Stevenson quit the serial in 1994[12][13] Stevenson describes Adam is "a bit of a layabout" who is "capable of a kind word and good deed every now and then". However, Adam would "rather not" do either if doing so "interferes with having a good time or a lazy time". Stevenson said that he liked playing Adam, but noted he was nothing like his character because he is more responsible than Adam is.[14] A columnist for Inside Soap said that Adam is a "one-time joker" and a "happy-go-lucky type of character".[15] Stevenson returned for a guest stint in 1999 and admitted that not much had changed on the series.[15] Stevenson told writer Jason Herbison of Inside Soap that he enjoyed playing Adam again so much that he considered asking the producer for a full-time return.[16]

text: Viv Newton[edit]

text: Viv Newton, played by Mouche Phillips made her first appearance in on 5 July 1989 and departed on 25 May 1990. Phillips was sharing a house with Justine Clarke and began filing the week after Clarke had left the serial[17] Phillips told a writer from Look-in that she liked to be kept busy on set. She explained that "people" were often left trying to find her because she was not where she should have been.[18]

text: Emma Jackson[edit]

text: Emma Jackson, played Dannii Minogue made her first on-screen appearance on 22 September 1989 and departed on 22 August 1990. Minogue originally auditioned for the role of Marilyn Chambers, but she was later cast in the role of Emma instead.[19] Minogue stayed with the show for a year, before she quit to launch her music career in 1990.[20][21] In October 2007, it was rumoured that Minogue was due to reprise her role as Emma for the show's 20th anniversary in 2008.[22] However, she did not appear. For her portrayal of Emma, Minogue was nominated for the "Most Popular Actress on Australian Television" Logie Award in 1989.[23] Holy Soap named Minogue as one of Home and Away's "Sexiest girls ever".[24]

text: Others[edit]

text:
Date(s)
Character
Actor
Circumstances

25 January–13 February,
27 March–3 April 2018
Martha Stewart
Alison Mulvaney[25]
Belinda Giblin[26]
Martha is Alf Stewart's (Ray Meagher) late wife and the mother of their daughter, Roo (Justine Clarke). Martha appears in flashbacks to 1970 when Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) reads her diary entries from that year while searching for leads on her biological parents. It is revealed that Martha knew that Alf’s sister, Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) was Bobby’s mother and subsequently had her adopted out to Al (George Leppard; Terence Donovan) and Doris Simpson. In 2018, Alf tells Roo that Martha did not drown, as Roo had been led to believe, and is still alive and out there somewhere. Martha comes to Summer Bay House and meets Ryder Jackson, who asks if she wants to rent a caravan from Alf. She leaves, but later returns and comes face-to-face with Alf and then Roo. Martha explains that a friend informed her Roo had come looking for her. Roo and Martha talk, but when Roo asks why Martha left her all those years ago, Martha tells her she is tired and leaves. Martha later reveals that she has borderline personality disorder. She struggled to connect with Roo and could not face up to her condition, so she left. After seeking help and treatment, the guilt and fear stopped her from coming back, but she knew Roo would have a good life. Roo tells Martha that she gave Alf a hard time and had a daughter when she was sixteen, who she named after Martha. Roo asks Martha to have dinner with Alf, but she fails to show up. The following day, Martha comes to Summer Bay House to leave her contact details for Roo and she apologises to Alf, before explaining why she left. Roo tells Martha that she needs to leave, as her presence is hurting Alf, but she will visit her.

25 January
Les Palmer
Graham Lancaster[25]
 Les is Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence)’s late fiancé who appears in flashbacks to 1970 when Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) reads the diary entries of the late Martha Stewart (Alison Mulvaney). Les and Celia hold a party to celebrate their engagement but it is not to be as Les is later killed in the Vietnam War.

26 January–16 March
Nicholas Walsh
Robert Taylor
 Nicholas arrives in Summer Bay to visit Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston) and reveals to her ex, Philip Matheson (John Morris) that he and Stacey are engaged. Nicholas goes for a swim and has his clothes stolen and is seen in the nude by Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) and Betty Falwell (Barbara Morton), who call the police and he is arrested for indecent exposure. He schemes with Stacey's father, Gordon (Ron Haddrick) to buy the caravan park from the Fletcher family but they decline and Nicholas offers Tom (Roger Oakley) a job in England. He urges Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) to buy the park and sell it to him, she agrees. Stacey finds out Nicholas is behind some poison pen letters addressed to Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn), which he had framed her stepdaughter Roo (Justine Clarke) for. He chases Stacey and attacks her but Tom saves Stacey and hits Nicholas.

1 February–5 September
Kim Patterson
Jacqui Townsend[27]
 Kim is the younger sister of Alison (Kathryn Ridley), Mav (Clayton Williams) and Skye Patterson (Angela Keep). She attends Summer Bay Primary in Year 4 with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie). She tells Alison that Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) is going through cold turkey. Kim and Sally find some floppy disks scattered in the bush, which contain Morag Bellingham's (Cornelia Frances) manuscript for her memoirs. She later argues with Sally over the existence of the "Summer Bay Bunyip" when Sally claims to have seen the creature.

13 February–20 March
Richard Bellingham
John Bonney[28]
 Richard is Morag Bellingham’s (Cornelia Frances) husband of Twenty years. They separate after the truth about Morag being Bobby Simpson’s (Nicolle Dickson) mother is exposed in the local news. Before he leaves, he warns Morag's niece Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) that she should stay away from her aunt.

20 February–21 November
James Donahue
Richard Morgan[29]
 Donahue is a journalist from The Daily Star who tries to get information about Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) being the mother of Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson). He tricks Morag's sister, Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) into revealing details. He is warned off by Alf Stewart (Ray Meagher) but returns when he learns Rory Heywood (Gregor Jordan) has been killed by a shark. Donahue persuades Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) to lie about the sighting of the shark.

22 February–9 August 1990
Vicki Baxter
Nana Coburn[30]
 Vicki Baxter is an antagonist in Steven Matheson's (Adam Willits) class at Summer Bay High. She pokes fun at Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) for repeating Year 12 after failing her HSC the previous year and begins bullying Viv Newton (Mouche Phillips). Vicki also frequently feuds with Emma Jackson (Dannii Minogue). When Grant Mitchell (Craig McLachlan) begins teaching at the school, Vicki makes a play for him asking for after school tuition. Grant rejects her advances and Vicki tells everyone that he sexually molested her, resulting in Grant's suspension pending an investigation. Emma is enraged and uses physical force to get Vicki to confess. She eventually confesses and Grant is reinstated. Vicki then frames Emma for stealing exam papers from Donald Fisher’s (Norman Coburn) office, which sees her expelled. Steven and Paul Jensen (Craig Black) work together in order to bring Vicki down by contacting her cousin Anna (Rebecca George), who informs them of Vicki's scheme. After being confronted with the evidence, Vicki herself is expelled from school.

22 February–5 April
Leanne Dunn
Kylie Foster
 Leanne is a girl who Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) meets on a blind date. She asks Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) for etiquette lessons. Leanne's new image is a shock for Martin who wants to dump her. Leanne misinterprets his signals and thinks he wants to marry her. Martin tries to put her off by introducing her to his rough family and behaving like a slob. Leanne then reverts to her old image and she and Martin continue their relationship. Matt Wilson (Greg Benson) discovers Leanne is illiterate and teaches her to read. Martin assumes Matt is seeing Leanne and goes to attack Matt, resulting in Martin being knocked out. Meat Axe (Joseph Dicker), Leanne's ex-boyfriend, shows up and picks a fight with Martin and beats him up. Leanne stops the fight but she leaves with Meat Axe, breaking Martin's heart.

1 March–12 November
Enid
Jan Oxenbould
 Enid is a friend of Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) who attends a town meeting about a killer shark inhabiting the waters near the beach.

8 March
Nola Dibble
Denise Roberts [31]
 Nola is Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) mother who appears when he brings Leanne Dunn (Kylie Foster) to meet the family for dinner in order to put her off marrying him.

8 March
Scott Dibble
Uncredited[31]
 Scott and Errol are Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) brothers. They appear at a family meal when Martin brings Leanne Dunn to meet them and their parents Ern (Peter Carmody) and Nola (Denise Roberts).

Errol Dibble
Uncredited[31]

21 March–24 May
Nigel Taggart
Gary Down
Nigel is a colleague of Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) who she had hired several years before when nobody would due to him losing his eyesight in an accident. He arrives to help her at the Blaxland mansion as her personal assistant. He often serves as a mediator and builds up a friendship with Morag's sister Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence). Celia develops feelings for Nigel but he does not reciprocate. Nigel resigns as Morag's assistance in order to get some independence and with the help of Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn), he leaves Celia a letter letting her down gently.

28 March
Ross Maybury
John Banas
 Ross is the presenter of 'The World Tonight' a late night talk-show which Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) and Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) appear on to discuss On the Crest of a Wave, a novel by Donald's son Alan (Simon Kay). Ross asks Bobby about the recently publicised revelation that Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) is her mother and upsets her.

4–5 April
Meat Axe
Joseph Dicker[32]
Meat Axe is Leanne Dunn's (Kylie Foster) ex-boyfriend who arrives in Summer Bay to get back together with her. He is angry to find Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) is dating Leanne and challenges him to a fight. Meat Axe delivers a beating to Martin but is stopped when Leanne breaks a bottle over his head. However, Leanne leaves with Meat Axe after admitting to Martin she promised to go with him.

18 April–23 October 1995
Brian "Dodge" Forbes
Kelly Dingwall[33]
 Dodge arrives in Summer Bay and schemes to get free food from Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) at the local store (287). He also steals Bobby Simpson’s money (Nicolle Dickson) while she is on the beach. After Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) catches Dodge trying to steal his car, he spins him a story about being broke and homeless, and Lance lets him stay in his mobile home. Dodge continues to cause trouble in the Bay by stealing money from the school dance and Philip Matheson’s (John Morris) pills. Celia catches him trying to steal from the store and he is arrested by Sgt. Bob Barnett (Robert Baxter). Dodge retaliates by firebombing the store, which results in Philip being killed (293). He then leaves town but returns as the latest foster child of the Fletcher family. He builds up a friendship with Philip’s nephew Steven (Adam Willits) and convinces him to frame Simon Yates (Christopher Saunders) for arson. Dodge clashes with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) and begins bullying her, after she continually picks on him simply because she finds him "creepy" (and not because he stole candy from her at the bus stop). He then leads Steven into bad behaviour. Things start to get undone when Dodge drunkenly confesses to Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) that he burned the store down (372). Steven is enraged when he finds out and attacks Dodge but Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) stops him. Dodge is arrested, charged with murder (374), and imprisoned for 5 to 6 years. Dodge is paroled in 1995, murders Irene's husband "mud" (Murdoch Roberts), and returns Summer Bay (1775) to even the score with Steven by framing him for murder. In the end, he kidnaps Kelly Watson (Katrina Hobbs) to lure Steven into a fight with him on a clifftop and plunge into the sea below (1806). Shane Parrish (Dieter Brummer) rescues Steven, but Dodge’s body is never found.

20 April–16 May
Simon Yates
Christopher Saunders[34]
 Simon meets Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) at a Dirty Dancing competition and takes a liking to her. Simon takes a job at the Bayside diner. It is revealed he served a prison sentence for armed robbery but Roo is not deterred and they continue their relationship, despite Roo's aunt Morag Bellingham's (Cornelia Frances) warnings about Simon. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) is convinced Simon is behind the fire that recently killed his uncle Philip (John Morris) and attacks him. Simon leaves but briefly returns and begins working for Roo's father Alf (Ray Meagher) but Steven continues his harassment of Simon and is goaded by Brian "Dodge Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) into framing him for arson. Simon is arrested and bailed at Alf's expense but he runs away. Simon later sends Roo a letter saying he will pay Alf back.

2–9 May
Andrew Foley Senior
Alan Tobin
 Andrew Senior is Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) estranged father. The two men have not spoken since the death of Andrew’s mother, Julia. Andrew Senior is dying and wants to make peace with his son and asks Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) to set up a meeting but Andrew refuses. Andrew Senior finally gets to see his son but he warns him to stay away from him. Andrew Senior later dies but leaves Andrew a great deal of money in his will and a letter full of apologies.

10 May–22 February 1990
Howard West
Richard Rowe[35]
 West is a representative of the Department of Childcare Services. He brings Brian “Dodge” Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) to the Fletchers as their newest foster child. He investigates Viv Newton’s (Mouche Phillips) claims of her father John’s (John Gregg) mistreatment of her and her sister Tammy (Katy Edwards). John manages to get West onside, however, West organises a temporary supervision order for Tammy. West reappears when Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) is facing murder charges and terminates his guardianship of Viv and has her placed in a children’s home. However, Donald is exonerated and Viv returns.

11 May
Peter Braithwaite
Ron Blanchard
 Peter is an insurance assessor who contacts Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) about a claim following the recent fire of her store. He becomes suspicious when Celia asks for $500, 000, twice the store's value.

18–29 May
Kyoko Sakamoto
Yuka Mitani
 Kyoko is an interepreter for Japanese clients of the Macklins family who visit Summer Bay on business.

2–8 June
Peter Bedford
Bevan Wilson[36]
 Peter is an investor in the Macklin development who is invited to dinner with the Fletcher family. He is disappointed when he learns Frank Morgan (Alex Papps) did not attend University and does little to impress Frank's wife Bobby (Nicolle Dickson) with his comments about the importance of a stable family home and education, prompting her to verbally attack him. Following this, Bedford decides not to sign with the Macklins but is eventually persuaded to sign the contract by Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson), who he takes a liking to.

2 June
Claire Bedford
Linda Anning[36]
 Claire is the wife of Macklin investor Peter Bedford (Bevan Wilson), who joins him after being invited to dinner with the Fletcher family.

8 June–18 July
Flynn
Mark McCann
 Flynn is a labourer for the Macklin corporation. He and the other workers get tired of Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) attitude and call a strike. Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) is able to negotiate and Flynn and the others call off the strike. Flynn later tries to assist Martin in the rescue of Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) who has climbed onto a high surface to get Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) attention.

13 June
Jay Everett
Andrew Doyle[37]
 Jay is a motivational guru who temporarily takes over as office manager at the Macklin development in Tom Fletcher's (Roger Oakley) absence. His positive energy rubs off on Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) but fails to rouse Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke whose father Alf (Ray Meagher) is missing alongside Tom.

6 July–13 September
Nina Olivera
Raquel Suarstzman[38]
 Nina is a friend of Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston). She assembles a music group called Image consisting of Lance Smart (Peter Vroom), Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) and Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons). Lance becomes more and more uncomfortable as the group's fame grows and feels Nina is controlling the lives of group. Lance sabotages a live performance at the Sands Resort and makes a fool of himself on a Saturday Morning television programme and Nina rips up the contract. However, Nina scores a job in Los Angeles for promoting Image and leaves to take it. She invites Stacey to join her several weeks later and she does.

11 July
Beulah
Robyn Gurney
 Beulah is a homeless woman who helps Viv Newton (Mouche Phillips) while she is living rough on the streets.

19 July
Sgt. Col Baker
Simon Westaway
Baker questions Brian "Dodge" Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) over an accident involving a stolen car. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) then assumes the blame.

21 July–1 August
John Newton
John Gregg[39]
John is Viv Newton's (Mouche Phillips) father, who is a reverend. He arrives in Summer Bay after tracking Viv down, much to her horror. John puts on a sincere act in front of Viv's principal, Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) and Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) but once he gets Viv home, he locks her in a cupboard under the stairs. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) and Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) pay a visit to the Newtons. They see through John's lies and rescue Viv but John refuses to let his younger daughter, Tammy (Katy Edwards) go with them. Bobby then locks John in a cupboard as taste of his own medicine and she, Steven, Viv and Tammy flee back to the Bay. After being freed, John arrives in Summer Bay to reclaim Tammy, who is reluctant to agree but Viv persuades her to go as a supervision order will be placed on John. After Tammy runs away the following year after more of John's abuse, The Department of Child Services get involved and question John, who relinquishes custody rather than face court.

27 July–25 May 1990
Tammy Newton
Katy Edwards[40]
Tammy is Viv Newton's (Mouche Phillips) younger sister. She is used by their father John (John Gregg) in order to guilt trip Viv into returning home. When Tammy and Viv flee to Summer Bay, John tracks them down and Viv refuses to return. After Howard West (Richard Rowe) arranges a supervision order, Tammy reluctantly agrees to return home while Viv remains with Donald. A year later, Tammy flees John and runs away to find Viv and stays in hiding for several days before reuniting with Viv. Helen Wakefield (Shayne Foote), a social worker locates Viv and Tammy's mother, Angela (Annie Byron) and brings her to meet her estranged daughters. Tammy is shocked and scared at first as John had told her and Viv that Angela had died. Angela explains that she left them when Tammy was a year old. Tammy then leaves with Viv and Angela to start a new life in Queensland.

9 August–16 April 1990
Rex Wilson
Barry Donnelly
Rex is Matt Wilson's (Greg Benson) uncle who works on the local council. He gets Matt a job as beach inspector and closes down Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) advice centre in the store room of the diner. Rex suffers a heart attack several months later and resigns from the council.

9 August
Freddie Hudson
Mark Arbib[41]
Freddie is a student who visits Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) at his Youth advice centre at the Bayside diner.

18–31 August
Ross Keating
James Gleeson[42]
Ross is Sally Keating's (Kate Ritchie) estranged uncle. He arrives just before Tom (Roger Oakley) and Pippa Fletcher's (Vanessa Downing) application to adopt Sally goes through and expresses an interest in obtaining custody of his niece. Sally is resistant on seeing Ross at first but when he and his wife Louise (Felicity Soper) invite her over to their spacious home, she changes her mind. Ross is happy when Sally tells him she wants to live with him and Louise, but she changes her mind after realising she is happy with the Fletchers. The Keatings then leave Summer Bay.

23–31 August
Louise Keating
Felicity Soper[43]
Louise is Ross' (James Gleeson) wife and Sally's (Kate Ritchie) aunt. Louise and her husband grow closer to Sally as they are unable to have children themselves due to Louise having an operation for ovarian cancer that left her infertile. Louise is happy when Sally tells her and Ross she wants to live with them but Sally changes her mind and opts to stay with the Fletcher family.

29 August, 23 March 1990
Len Baxter
Uncredited
Damian Cudmore[44]
Len is the father of Vicki Baxter (Nana Coburn). He picks her up from the Surf Club dance but not before giving her date, Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) a warning glare. When Vicki alleges her teacher Grant Mitchell (Craig McLachlan) has sexually molested her, Len is enraged and demands Grant be removed from the school. Grant is temporarily suspended but he is reinstated when Vicki reveals she lied.

29 August–10 November
Danny Farnsworth
Justin Connor [45]
Danny is the son of Gordon Farnsworth, a man who Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) sentenced to prison, resulting in Gordon committing suicide. Danny begins a revenge campaign Morag by making threatening phone calls. He arrives in Summer Bay keeping his identity a secret and takes a job working for Morag as her assistant and moves in with her when she offers him a room. Morag’s daughter, Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) takes an interest in Danny and they begin dating. Danny scares Morag by first planting a spider in a box of chocolates and by hanging a dummy, causing Morag to think there is a corpse in her living room. He is pleased when he realises nobody believes Morag, but is comes unstuck when she discovers clippings from his father’s trial. Danny holds Morag hostage and tries to kill her after she confronts him in a mock trial and Bobby and her father Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) convince him to let her go with Donald pretending to be Danny’s father during his psychotic episode. Bobby then helps him flee town and Danny asks her to leave with him but she turns him down.

30 August–8 July 1996
Chris Hale
John Meillon Jr.[46]
 Hale is a police constable who first appears when Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) and Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston) trespass on private property. He later arrests Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) for illegally selling stuffed Bunyips outside Summer Bay Primary. Following his promotion to sergeant, Hale is involved in various police matters over the years including the arrest of Shane Parrish (Dieter Brummer) for theft and Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) running away. In December 1995, Hale accidentally knocks Shane off his bike in a hit and run, leaving him for dead. Shane dies of septicaemia several months later following the removal of his spleen and Hale's guilt compels him to help Shane's widow, Angel (Melissa George). He later threatens Jesse McGregor (Ben Unwin) who knows the truth but the guilt proves too much and Hale confesses and he is suspended.

11 September
Doctor Ellis
Marilyn Allen
A doctor at Northern Districts Hospital who arranges for Tom Fletcher (Roger Oakley) to be transferred to a hospital in the city following his heart attack.

11 September
Doctor Williamson
David Whitford
A city doctor who diagnoses Tom Fletcher (Roger Oakley) with an intracerebral haematoma.

18–21 September
Ian McTavish
Noel Trevarthen
McTavish is a Scottish explorer who arrives in Summer Bay to hunt down the legendary “Summer Bay Bunyip”. He makes a play for Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) who rebuffs him. When McTavish discovers there is no Bunyip and finds Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) dressed in a costume, he leaves.

20 September
Samantha Walker
Fiona Shannon
A youth worker who informs Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn) of her niece Emma Jackson's (Dannii Minogue) desire to live with her. Ailsa is shocked as she is unaware that her estranged sister Bridget (Paula Duncan) has a daughter.

11–12 October
Millicent Staples
Julie Haseler[47]
Millicent is a wealthy young woman who books a charter cruise with Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson), who is attracted to her. He accepts her booking and transports Millicent and her two associates to a remote island. After spending the day together, Millicent tells Adam she will get rid of her associates so they can be alone but this is a trick as Millicent sails off on the yacht, leaving Adam marooned on the island.

11 October
Henry Whiting
Patrick Ward[47]
 Henry is the owner of a local hot dog stand who is approached by Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) and Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) to sell the business but accepts an offer from Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) instead.

25 October
Sylvia Wilson
Marie Armstrong
 Sylvia is Rex Wilson’s (Barry Donnelly) wife and Matt's (Greg Benson) aunt. She is seen in the Stewart store when Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) complains about the council shutting down his hot dog stand

26 October–15 November
Rory Heywood
Gregor Jordan[48]
Rory arrives in summer Bay looking for the Fletcher family, who he believes to be friends of his father. Rory's true identity is exposed, but Tom's wife Pippa (Vanessa Downing) agrees to let him stay. His presence provides an irritation for Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) and Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson). Rory joins the surf club and helps Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) get back together with Carly. Rory, pleased with himself, goes for a surf but is eaten by a shark. Adam later avenges Rory by capturing the shark. Judy Nunn described the storyline involving Rory's shark attack as one of her favorites.[49]

30 October–2 November
Mick
Bruce Samazan
Mick is a friend of Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley),who comes to stay with him and his girlfriend Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston). Mick is a drug addict and when Stacey’s engagement ring goes missing, she blames him but apologises when Mick explains he had the ring tightened. Mick then turns on Stacey and trashes the flat before leaving.

17 November
Rosemary White
Zoe Bertram[50]
 Rosemary is Rory Heywood’s (Gregor Jordan) sister who arrives following his death. She reveals to the Fletcher family Rory’s real name was Colin.

21 November–22 January 1990
Zac Burgess
Mark Conroy[51]
 Zac is a shark hunter who arrives in the Bay after Rory Heywood (Gregor Jordan) is eaten by a shark. He demands $5000 upfront and $5000 for catching the shark much to the ire of the locals. Gordon Macklin (Ron Haddrick) pays $2000 toward the shark's capture but visits Zac at the caravan park and offers to double the money if the shark is kept alive. Zac learns that Gordon is having rubbish dumped on the closed beach and in the ocean in order to attract the shark and threatens to reveal he is behind the dumping. He then makes a move on Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson), much to her disgust then targets Pippa Fletcher (Vanessa Downing) who rejects his advances but Zac continues to the point where many people in town think they are having an affair, putting strain on Pippa's marriage to Tom (Roger Oakley). Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) arranges a plan to expose Zac by having Pippa feign interest in Zac's advances and records a conversation in which Zac admits everything. Tom and Zac fight and Zac leaves town.

12 December
Drew Howard
Ignatius Jones[52]
 Drew is Marilyn Chambers' (Emily Symons) producer on a game show called “Cheap shots". He tries to get Marilyn to make fools of Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) and Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) on national television but Marilyn turns the tables and humiliates Drew instead by throwing tomato sauce on him.


document_title: Northern Pacific Railway

question_text: what city did the northern pacific railroad choose for its terminus in 1873

question_tokens: what city did the northern pacific railroad choose for its terminus in 1873

root

text: Northern Pacific Railway

text: History[edit]

text: Organization and first rail[edit]

text: Congress chartered the Northern Pacific Railway Company on July 2, 1864 with the goals of

tag: p

text:
connecting the Great Lakes with Puget Sound on the Pacific,
opening vast new lands for farming, ranching, lumbering and mining, and
linking Washington and Oregon to the rest of the country.[1]

tag: ol

text: Congress granted the railroad a potential 60 million acres (243,000 km2) of land in exchange for building rail transportation to an undeveloped territory. Josiah Perham was elected its first president on December 7, 1864.[1] It could not use all the land and in the end took just under 40 million acres.[2]

text: Jay Cooke takes control[edit]

text: For the next six years, backers of the road struggled to find financing. Though John Gregory Smith succeeded Perham as president on January 5, 1865, groundbreaking did not take place until February 15, 1870, at Carlton, Minnesota, 25 miles (40 km) west of Duluth, Minnesota. The backing and promotions of famed financier Jay Cooke in the summer of 1870 brought the first real momentum to the company.

text: Over the course of 1871, the Northern Pacific pushed westward from Minnesota into present-day North Dakota. Surveyors and construction crews had to maneuver through swamps, bogs, and tamarack forests. The difficult terrain and insufficient funding delayed by six months the construction phase in Minnesota.[3] The NP also began building its line north from Kalama, Washington Territory, on the Columbia River outside of Portland, Oregon, towards Puget Sound. Four small construction engines were purchased, the Minnetonka, Itaska, Ottertail and St. Cloud, the first of which was shipped to Kalama by ship around Cape Horn. In Minnesota, the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad completed construction of its 155-mile (249 km) line stretching from Saint Paul to Lake Superior at Duluth in 1875. It was leased to the Northern Pacific the following year, and was eventually absorbed by the Northern Pacific.

text: The Northern Pacific Railroad reached Fargo, Dakota Territory (N.D.), early in June 1872. The following year, in June 1873, the N.P. reached the shores of the Missouri River, at Edwinton (Bismarck) D.T. In the west, the track extended 25 miles (40 km) north from Kalama. Surveys were carried out in North Dakota protected by 600 troops under General Winfield Scott Hancock. Headquarters and shops were established in Brainerd, Minnesota, a town named for the President John Gregory Smith's wife Anna Elizabeth Brainerd. A severe stock market crash and financial collapse after 1873, led by the Credit Mobilier Scandal and the Union Pacific Railroad fraud, stopped further railroad building for twelve years.

text: In 1886, the company put down 164 miles (264 km) of main line across North Dakota, with an additional 45 miles (72 km) in Washington. On November 1, General George Washington Cass became the third president of the company. Cass had been a vice-president and director of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and would lead the Northern Pacific through some of its most difficult times.

text: Attacks on survey parties and construction crews by Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa warriors in North Dakota and Minnesota became so prevalent that the company received protection from units of the U.S. Army.[4]

text: Settlement[edit]

text: In 1886 the Northern Pacific also opened colonization offices in Germany and Scandinavia, attracting farmers with cheap package transportation and purchase deals. The success of the NP was based on the abundant crops of wheat and other grains and the attraction to settlers of the Red River Valley along the Minnesota-North Dakota border between 1881 and 1890.[5]

text: The Northern Pacific reached Dakota Territory at Fargo in 1872, and began its career as one of the central factors in the economic growth of North Dakota. The climate, although very cold, was suitable for wheat, which was in high demand in the cities of the United States and Europe. Most of the settlers were German and Scandinavian immigrants who bought the land cheaply, and raised large families. They shipped huge quantities of wheat to Minneapolis, while buying all sorts of equipment and home supplies to be shipped in by rail.[6]

text: The NP used its federal land grants as security to borrow money to build its system.[7] The federal government kept every other section of land, and gave it away free to homesteaders. At first the railroad sold much of its holdings at low prices to land speculators in order to realize quick cash profits, and also to eliminate sizable annual tax bills. By 1905 the railroad company land policies changes when it realized it had been a costly mistake to have sold much of the land at wholesale prices. With better railroad service and improved methods of farming the Northern Pacific easily sold what had been heretofore "worthless" land directly to farmers at good prices. By 1910 the railroad's holdings in North Dakota had been greatly reduced.[8][9]

text: Panic of 1873 and first bankruptcy[edit]

text: In 1873, Northern Pacific made impressive strides before a terrible stumble. Rails from the east reached the Missouri River on June 4. After several years of study, Tacoma, Washington, was selected as the road's western terminus on July 14. However, for the past three years the financial house of Jay Cooke and Company had been throwing money into the construction of the Northern Pacific. As with many western transcontinentals, the staggering costs of building a railroad into a vast wilderness had been drastically underestimated.

text: Cooke had little success in marketing the bonds in Europe and overextended his house in meeting overdrafts of the mounting construction costs. Cooke overestimated his managerial skills and failed to appreciate the limits of a banker's ability to be also a promoter, and the danger of freezing his assets in the bonds of the Northern Pacific.[10] Cooke and Company went bankrupt on September 18, 1873. Soon the Panic of 1873 engulfed the United States, beginning an economic depression that ruined or nearly paralyzed newer railroads.

text: The Northern Pacific, however, survived bankruptcy that year, due to austerity measures put in place by President Cass. In fact, working with last-minute loans from Director John C. Ainsworth of Portland, the Northern Pacific completed the line from Kalama to Tacoma (110 miles (180 km)) before the end of the year. On December 16, the first steam train arrived in Tacoma. By 1874, however, the company was moribund.

text: Northern Pacific slipped into its first bankruptcy on June 30, 1875. Cass resigned to become receiver of the company, and Charles Barstow Wright became fourth president of the company. Frederick Billings, namesake of Billings, Montana, formulated a reorganization plan which was put into effect. Throughout 1874-1876, elements of the 7th Cavalry Regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer[citation needed] operating out of Forts Abraham Lincoln and Rice in Dakota Territory conducted expeditions to protect the railroad survey and construction crews in Dakota and Montana Territories.

text: Frederick Billings and first reorganization[edit]

text: In 1877, construction resumed in a small way. Northern Pacific pushed a branch line southeast from Tacoma to Puyallup, Washington and on to the coal fields around Wilkeson, Washington. Much of the coal was destined for export through Tacoma to San Francisco, California, where it would be thrown into the fireboxes of Central Pacific Railroad steam engines.

text: This small amount of construction was one of the largest projects the company would undertake in the years between 1874 and 1880. That same year the company built a large shop complex at Edison, Washington (now part of south Tacoma). For many years the shops at Brainerd and Edison would carry out heavy repairs and build equipment for the railroad.

text: On May 24, 1879, Vermont lawyer Frederick Billings became the president of the company. Billings' tenure would be short but ferocious. Reorganization, bond sales, and improvement in the U.S. economy allowed Northern Pacific to strike out across the Missouri River by letting a contract to build 100 miles (160 km) of railroad west of the river. The railroad's new-found strength, however, would be seen as a threat in certain quarters.

text: Henry Villard, Gold Creek, Gold Spike[edit]

text: German-born journalist Henry Villard had raised capital for western railroads in Europe in 1871-73. After returning to New York in 1874 he invested on behalf of his clients in railroads in Oregon. Through Villard's work, most of these lines became properties of the European creditors' holding company, the Oregon and Transcontinental Company.

text: Of the lines held by the Oregon and Transcontinental, the most important was the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, which ran east from Portland along the left bank of the Columbia River to a connection with the Union Pacific Railroad's Oregon Short Line at the confluence of the Columbia River and the Snake River near Wallula, Washington.

text: Within a decade of his return, Villard was head of a transportation empire in the Pacific Northwest that had but one real competitor, the Northern Pacific. The Northern Pacific's completion threatened the holdings of Villard in the Northwest, and especially in Portland. Portland would become a second-class city if the Puget Sound ports at Tacoma and Seattle, Washington, were connected to the East by rail.

text: Villard, who had been building a monopoly of river and rail transportation in Oregon for several years, now launched a daring raid. Using his European connections and a reputation for having "bested" Jay Gould in a battle for control of the Kansas Pacific years before, Villard solicited — and raised — $8,000,000 from his associates. This was his famous "Blind Pool," Villard's associates were not told what the money would be used for. In this case, the funds were used to purchase control of the Northern Pacific.

text: Despite a tough fight, Billings and his backers were forced to capitulate; he resigned the presidency June 9, 1881. Ashabel H. Barney served briefly as interim caretaker of the railroad from June 19 to September 15, when Villard was elected president by the stockholders. For the next two years, Villard and the Northern Pacific rode the whirlwind.

text: In 1882, 360 miles (580 km) of main line and 368 miles (592 km) of branch line were completed, bringing totals to 1,347 miles (2,168 km) and 731 miles (1,176 km), respectively. On October 10, 1882, the line from Wadena, Minnesota, to Fergus Falls, Minnesota, opened for service. The Missouri River was bridged with a million-dollar span on October 21, 1883. Until then, crossing of the Missouri had had to be managed with a ferry service for most of the year; in winter, when ice was thick enough, rails were laid across the river itself.

text: General Herman Haupt, another veteran of the Civil War and the Pennsylvania Railroad, organized the Northern Pacific Beneficial Association in 1881. A forerunner of the modern health maintenance organization, the NPBA ultimately established a series of four hospitals across the system in Saint Paul, Minnesota; Glendive, Montana; Missoula, Montana; and Tacoma, Washington, to care for employees, retirees, and their families.

text: On January 15, 1883, the first train reached Livingston, Montana, at the eastern foot of Bozeman Pass. Livingston, like Brainerd and South Tacoma before it, would grow to encompass a large backshop handling heavy repairs for the railroad. It would also mark the east-west dividing line on the Northern Pacific system.

text: Villard pushed hard for the completion of the Northern Pacific in 1883. His crews laid an average of a mile and half (2.4 km) of track each day. In early September, the line neared completion. To celebrate, and to gain national publicity for investment opportunities in his region, Villard chartered four trains to carry guests from the East to Gold Creek in western Montana. No expense was spared and the list of dignitaries included Frederick Billings, Ulysses S. Grant, and Villard's in-laws, the family of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. On September 8, the Gold Spike was driven near Gold Creek.[11]

text: Direct to Puget Sound[edit]

text: Villard's fall was swifter than his ascendancy. Like Jay Cooke, he was now consumed by the enormous costs of constructing the railroad. Wall Street bears attacked the stock shortly after the Golden Spike, after the realization that the Northern Pacific was a very long road with very little business. Villard himself suffered a nervous breakdown in the days after the driving of the Golden Spike, and he left the presidency of the Northern Pacific in January 1884.

text: Again, the presidency of the Northern Pacific was handed to a professional railroader, Robert Harris, former head of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. For the next four years, until the return of the Villard group, Harris worked at improving the property and ending its tangled relationship with the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company.

text: Throughout the mid-1880s, the Northern Pacific pushed to reach Puget Sound directly, rather than by means of a roundabout route that followed the Columbia River. Surveys of the Cascade Mountains, carried out intermittently since the 1870s, began anew. Virgil Bogue, a veteran civil engineer, was sent to explore the Cascades again. On March 19, 1881, he discovered Stampede Pass. In 1883, John W. Sprague, the head of the new Pacific Division, drove the Golden Spike to mark the beginning of the railroad from what would become Kalama, Washington. However, due to impaired health, he was forced to resign a few months later.

text: In 1884, after the departure of Villard, the Northern Pacific began building toward Stampede Pass from Wallula in the east and the area of Wilkeson in the west. By the end of the year, rails had reached Yakima, Washington in the east. A 77-mile (124 km) gap remained in 1886.

text: In January of that year, Nelson Bennett was given a contract to construct a 9,850-foot (1.866 mi; 3.00 km) tunnel under Stampede Pass. The contract specified a short amount of time for completion, and a large penalty if the deadline were missed. While crews worked on the tunnel, the railroad built a temporary switchback route across the pass. With numerous timber trestles and grades which approached six percent, the temporary line required two M class 2-10-0s — the two largest locomotives in the world (at that time) — to handle a tiny five-car train. On May 3, 1888, crews holed through the tunnel, and on May 27 the first train passed through directly to Puget Sound.

text: Villard and the Panic of 1893[edit]

text: Despite this success, the Northern Pacific, like many U.S. roads, was living on borrowed time. From 1887 until 1893, Henry Villard returned to the board of directors. Though offered the presidency, he refused. However, an associate of Villard dating back to his time on the Kansas Pacific, Thomas Fletcher Oakes, assumed the presidency on September 20, 1888.

text: In an effort to garner business, Oakes pursued an aggressive policy of branch line expansion. In addition, the Northern Pacific experienced the first competition in the form of James Jerome Hill and his Great Northern Railway. The Great Northern, like the Northern Pacific before it, was pushing west from the Twin Cities towards Puget Sound, and would be completed in 1893.

text: To combat the Great Northern, in a few instances Villard built branch line mileage simply to occupy a territory, regardless of whether the territory offered the railroad any business. Mismanagement, sparse traffic, and the Panic of 1893 sounded the death knell for the Northern Pacific and Villard's interest in railroading. The company slipped into its second bankruptcy on October 20, 1893. Oakes was named receiver and Brayton Ives, a former chairman of the New York Stock Exchange, became president.

text: From Villard to Morganization[edit]

text: For the next three years, the Villard-Oakes interests and the Ives interest feuded for control of the Northern Pacific. Oakes was eventually forced out as receiver, but not before three separate courts were claiming jurisdiction over the Northern Pacific's bankruptcy. Things came to a head in 1896, when first Edward Dean Adams was appointed president, then less than two months later, Edwin Winter.

text: Ultimately, the task of straightening out the muddle of the Northern Pacific was turned over to John Pierpont Morgan. Morganization of the Northern Pacific, a process which befell many U.S. roads in the wake of the Panic of 1893, was handed to Morgan lieutenant Charles Henry Coster. The new president, beginning September 1, 1897, was Charles Sanger Mellen.[12]

text: Though James J. Hill had purchased an interest in the Northern Pacific during the troubled days of 1896, Coster and Mellen would advocate, and follow, a staunchly independent line for the Northern Pacific for the next four years. Only the early death of Coster from overwork, and the promotion of Mellen to head the Morgan-controlled New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1903, would bring the Northern Pacific closer to the orbit of James J. Hill.[13]

text: Hill, Harriman and the Northern Pacific Corner[edit]

text: In the late 1880s, the Villard regime, in another one of its costly missteps, attempted to stretch the Northern Pacific from the Twin Cities to the all-important rail hub of Chicago, Illinois. A costly project was begun in creating a union station and terminal facilities for a Northern Pacific which had yet to arrive.

text: Rather than build directly down to Chicago, perhaps following the Mississippi River as the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy had done, Villard chose to lease the Wisconsin Central. Some backers of the Wisconsin Central had long associations with Villard, and an expensive lease was worked out between the two companies which was only undone by the Northern Pacific's second bankruptcy.

text: The ultimate result was that the Northern Pacific was left without a direct connection to Chicago, the primary interchange point for most of the large U.S. railroads. Fortunately, the Northern Pacific was not alone. James J. Hill, controller of the Great Northern, which was completed between the Twin Cities and Puget Sound in 1893, also lacked a direct connection to Chicago. Hill went looking for a road with an existing route between the Twin Cities and Chicago which could be rolled into his holdings and give him a stable path to that important interchange. At the same time, Edward Henry Harriman, head of the Union Pacific Railroad, was also looking for a road which could connect his company to Chicago.

text: The road both Harriman and Hill looked at was the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. To Harriman, the Burlington was a road which paralleled much of his own, and offered tantalizing direct access to Chicago. For Hill as well, there was the possibility of a high-speed link directly with Chicago. Though the Burlington did not parallel the Great Northern or the Northern Pacific, it would give them a powerful railroad in the central West. Harriman was the first to approach the Burlington's aging chieftain, the irascible Charles Elliott Perkins. The price for control of the Burlington, as set by Perkins, was $200 a share, more than Harriman was willing to pay. Hill, however, met the price, and control of the Burlington was divided equally at about 48.5 percent each between the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific.

text: Not to be outdone, Harriman now came up with a crafty plan: Buy a controlling interest in the Northern Pacific and use its power on the Burlington to place friendly directors upon its board. On May 3, 1901, Harriman began his stock raid which would become known as the Northern Pacific Corner. By the end of the day he was short just 40,000 shares of common stock. Harriman placed an order to cover this, but was overridden by his broker, Jacob Schiff, of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. Hill, on the other hand, reached the vacationing Morgan in Italy and managed to place an order for 150,000 shares of common stock. Though Harriman might be able to control the preferred stock, Hill knew the company bylaws allowed for the holders of the common stock to vote to retire the preferred.

text: In three days, however, the Harriman-Hill imbroglio managed to wreak havoc on the stock market. Northern Pacific stock was quoted at $150 a share on May 6, and is reported to have traded as much as $1,000 a share behind the scenes. Harriman and Hill now worked to settle the issue for brokers to avoid panic. Hill, for his part, attempted to avoid future stock raids by placing his holdings in the Northern Securities Company, a move which would be undone by the Supreme Court in 1904 under the auspices of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Harriman was not immune either; he was forced to break up his holdings in the Union Pacific and the Southern Pacific Railroad a few years later.

text: From Hill to Howard Elliott[edit]

text: In 1903, Hill finally got his way with the House of Morgan. Howard Elliott, another veteran of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, became president of the Northern Pacific on October 23. Elliott was a relative of the Burlington's crusty chieftain Charles Elliott Perkins, and more distantly the Burlington's great backer, John Murray Forbes. He had spent 20 years in the trenches of Midwest railroading, where rebates, pooling, expansion and rate wars had brought ruinous competition. Having seen the effects of having multiple railroads attempt to serve the same destination, he was very much in tune with James J. Hill's philosophy of "community of interest," a loose affiliation or collusion among roads in an attempt to avoid duplicating routes, rate wars, weak finances and ultimately bankruptcies and reorganizations. Elliott would be left to make peace with the Hill-controlled Great Northern; the Harriman-controlled Union Pacific; and, between 1907 and 1909, the last of the northern transcontinentals, the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, more commonly known as the Milwaukee Road.

text: Into the twentieth century[edit]

text: After the turn of the century the Northern Pacific had a record of steady improvement. Together with the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific also gained control of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, gaining important access to Chicago, the central Middle West and Texas, as well as the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway, an important route through eastern and southern Washington. Its physical plant was upgraded continuously, with double-tracking in key areas, and automatic block signaling along its entire main line. This in turn gave way to centralized traffic control, microwave and radio communications as time progressed.

text: The Northern Pacific maintained and continuously upgraded its equipment and service. The road helped pioneer the 4-8-4 Northern type steam engine, the 2-8-8-4 Yellowstone, and was among the first railroads in the country to adopt diesel power beginning with General Motors’ FTs in 1944.

text: The Northern Pacific's premier passenger train, the North Coast Limited was among the safest and finest in the nation, suffering only one passenger fatality in nearly seventy years of operation.

text: By 1900, most of the remaining land-grant holdings were located west of Montana, in the "western district." Nearly all the good farm land had been sold, leaving large tracts of grazing land or timber. The grazing acreage was poor quality, and was hard to sell. However, the timber lands were of high quality; much of it was sold to Frederick Weyerhaeuser. The railroads goals were to sell its land to provide operating funds; and to populate the region to provide the markets and routine business necessary to sustain the railroad.[14]

text: Unification of the Hill Lines[edit]

text: In later years, consolidation in American railroading brought the Northern Pacific together with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, the Great Northern Railway, and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway on March 2, 1970, to form the Burlington Northern Railroad. Ironically, the merger was allowed despite a challenge in the Supreme Court, essentially reversing the outcome of the 1904 Northern Securities ruling.

text: Divisions[edit]

text:
Year
Traffic

1925
6852

1933
3600

1944
14679

1960
11360

1967
13629

tag: table

text: In 1949, the Northern Pacific's headquarters in Saint Paul presided over a system of 6,889 miles (11,087 km), which 2,831 miles (4,556 km) of main line, 4,057 miles (6,529 km) of branch line under seven operating divisions.

text: Lake Superior[edit]

text: Headquartered in Duluth, Minnesota, the Lake Superior Division's main routes were from Duluth to Ashland, Wisconsin, Duluth to Staples, Minnesota, and Duluth to White Bear Lake, Minnesota. The division encompassed 631 route miles; 356 in main line and 274 in branches.

text: St. Paul[edit]

text: Headquartered in St. Paul, Minnesota, the St. Paul Division's main routes were from Saint Paul to Staples, Saint Paul to White Bear Lake, and Staples to Dilworth, Minnesota. The division encompassed 909 route miles; 310 in main line and 599 in branches.

text: Fargo[edit]

text: Headquartered in Fargo, North Dakota, the Fargo Division's main routes were from Dilworth to Mandan, North Dakota. The division encompassed 1,167 route miles; 216 in main line and 951 in branches.

text: Yellowstone[edit]

text: Headquartered in Glendive, Montana, the Yellowstone Division's main routes were from Mandan, North Dakota, to Billings, Montana, and from Billings to Livingston, Montana. The division encompassed 875 route miles; 546 in main line and 328 in branches.

text: Rocky Mountain[edit]

text: Headquartered in Missoula, Montana, the Rocky Mountain Division's main routes were from Livingston to Paradise, Montana via Helena, Montana and Mullan Pass, and from Logan, Montana, to Garrison, Montana, via Butte, Montana, and Homestake Pass. The division encompassed 892 route miles; 563 in main line and 330 in branches. It was home to the principal central district repair facility at Livingston, Montana.

text: Idaho[edit]

text: Headquartered in Spokane, Washington, the Idaho Division's main routes were from Paradise, Mont., to Yakima, Washington, via Pasco, Washington. The division encompassed 1,123 route miles; 466 in main line and 657 in branches.

text: Tacoma[edit]

text: Headquartered in Tacoma, Washington, the Tacoma Division's main routes were from Yakima to Stuck Junction, near future Auburn, Washington, Seattle, Washington to Sumas, Washington, on the border with British Columbia, Canada, and from Seattle to Portland, Oregon. The division encompassed 1,034 route miles; 373 in main line and 661 in branches. It was home to the principal west end repair facility at South Tacoma, Washington.[15]

text: Passenger service[edit]

text: The North Coast Limited was a famous passenger train operated by the Northern Pacific Railway between Chicago and Seattle via Butte, Montana and Homestake Pass. It commenced service on April 29, 1900, served briefly as a Burlington Northern train after the merger on March 2, 1970, and ceased operation the day before Amtrak began service (April 30, 1971). The Chicago Union Station to Saint Paul leg of the train's route was operated by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad along its Mississippi River mainline through Wisconsin. The North Coast Limited was the Northern Pacific's flagship train and the Northern Pacific itself was built along the trail first blazed by Lewis and Clark.

text: The Northern Pacific’s secondary transcontinental passenger train was the Alaskan, until it was replaced by the Mainstreeter on November 16, 1952.[16] The Mainstreeter, which operated via Helena, Montana and Mullan Pass, continued in service through the Burlington Northern merger until Amtrak Day (May 1, 1971). However, it had been reduced to a Saint Paul to Seattle train after the last run of the former Burlington Route Black Hawk on April 12–13, 1970.

text: The Northern Pacific also participated in the Coast Pool Train service between Portland and Seattle with the Great Northern Railway and the Union Pacific Railroad. NP and GN Coast Pool Trains lasted until Amtrak.

text: There several other passenger trains which were discontinued before the Burlington Northern merger. These included:

text:
Saint Paul to International Falls, Minnesota;
Saint Paul to Duluth, Minnesota (which at one time was also a pool operation, with Great Northern Railway and the Soo Line);
Duluth to Staples, Minnesota;
Saint Paul to Jamestown, North Dakota (the last remnant of the Alaskan);
Fargo, North Dakota to Winnipeg, Manitoba;

tag: ul

text: The Route of "the Great Big Baked Potato"[edit]

text: Hazen Titus was appointed as the line's dining car superintendent in 1908. He learned that Yakima Valley farmers were unable to sell their potato crops because the potatoes they were growing were simply too large; they fed them to the hogs. Titus learned that a single potato could weigh from two to five pounds, but that smaller potatoes were preferred by the end buyers of the vegetable because many people considered large potatoes inedible due to their thick, rough skin.[17]

text: Titus and his staff discovered the "inedible" potatoes were delicious after baking in a slow oven. He contracted to purchase as many potatoes as the farmers could produce that were more than two pounds in weight. Soon after the first delivery of "Netted Gem Bakers", they were offered to diners on the North Coast Limited beginning in early 1909. Word of the line's specialty offering traveled quickly, and before long it was using "the Great Big Baked Potato" as a slogan to promote the railroad's passenger service. Hollywood stars were hired to promote it.[18] When an addition was built for the Northern Pacific's Seattle commissary in 1914, a Railway Age reporter wrote, "A large trade mark, in the shape of a baked potato, 40 ft. long and 18 ft. in diameter, surmounts the roof. The potato is electric lighted and its eyes, through the electric mechanism, are made to wink constantly. A cube of butter thrust into its split top glows intermittently." Premiums such as postcards, letter openers, and spoons were also produced to promote "The Route of the Great Big Baked Potato"; the slogan served the Northern Pacific for about 50 years.[17]

text: Presidents[edit]

text: Presidents of Northern Pacific Railway were:

text:
Josiah Perham, 1864–1866.
John Gregory Smith, 1866–1872.
George Washington Cass, 1872–1875.
Charles Barstow Wright, 1875–1879.
Frederick Billings, 1879–1881.
Henry Villard, 1881–1884.
Robert Harris, 1884–1888.
Thomas Fletcher Oakes, 1888–1893.
Brayton Ives, 1893–1896.
Edward Dean Adams, 1896.
Edwin Winter, 1896.
Charles Sanger Mellen, 1897–1903.
Howard Elliott, 1903–1913.
Jule Murat Hannaford, 1913–1920.
Charles Donnelly, 1920–1939.
Charles Eugene Denney, 1939–1950.
Robert Stetson Macfarlane, 1951–1966.
Louis W. Menk, 1966–1970.

text: Chief engineers[edit]

text:
Edwin Ferry Johnson (1803–1872), engineer-in-chief, 1867. Wrote The Railroad To the Pacific, Northern Route, Its General Characteristics, Relative Merits, Etc. in 1854.[19]
William Milnor Roberts (1810–1881), engineer-in-chief, 1869 to 1879. Proposed the general route of the Northern Pacific from Bismarck to Portland. Also, Vice President, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1873 to 1878, and then President, 1878.[19]
Adna Anderson (1827–1889), engineer-in-chief, February 18, 1880, to January 1888. In October 1886, he was also named second vice-president of the Northern Pacific. He completed the line between Saint Paul, Minnesota, and Wallula (where it connected with the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company’s line to Portland), witnessing the driving of the last spike on September 8, 1883.[20] Thereafter, he evaluated possible routes for the Cascade Division, intended to connect the NP at some point near the mouth of the Snake River with Tacoma, Washington on Puget Sound. Preliminary reconnaissance and surveys began in March 1880, and in autumn, 1883, Anderson concluded that the line should be built through Stampede Pass.
John William Kendrick (1853–1924), chief engineer, January 1888, to July 1893. From July 1893, to February 1, 1899, he was general manager of the reorganized Northern Pacific Railway.[21]
Edwin Harrison McHenry (1859 – August 21, 1931), chief engineer, July 1893, to September 1, 1901. Subsequently, he was chief engineer for the Canadian Pacific Railway and then fourth vice-president of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad.[22]
William Lafayette Darling (1856–1938), chief engineer, September 1, 1901, to September 1903, and January 1906, to 1916. Between 1905–1906, he was chief engineer for the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, returning to the NP in 1906 as chief engineer and also vice-president and engineer in charge of construction of the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway.[23]
Edward J. Pearson (1863–1928), chief engineer, September 1903, to December 1905.
Howard Eveleth Stevens, chief engineer, 1916 to 1928.
Bernard Blum, chief engineer, 1928 to March 1953.
Harold Robert Peterson (1896–1963), chief engineer, March 1953, to May 1962.
Douglas Harlow Shoemaker, chief engineer, May 1962, to March 2, 1970.

text: Locomotives[edit]

text: Notable and preserved equipment[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Northern Pacific was known for many firsts in locomotive history and was a leader in the development of modern steam locomotives. The NP was one of the first railroads to use Mikado 2-8-2 locomotives in the United States.

text: The NP's desire to burn low grade semi-bituminous coal from company-owned mines at Rosebud, Montana, played a part in the development of the 4-8-4 wheel arrangement for steam locomotives. With a BTU fifty percent lower than anthracite coal, the NP's locomotive design called for a much larger firebox, and thus an additional axle on the trailing truck. This led locomotive designers from the 4-8-2 Mountain to the 4-8-4 Northern, first produced by Alco for the NP in 1926 and designated the Class A by the railway.

text: The 2-8-8-4, called the Yellowstone, was first built for the NP by Alco in 1928 and numbered 5000, Class Z-5, with more built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1930. The large locomotives were designed to handle higher tonnage on freight trains while simultaneously eliminating the need to use more 2-8-2 Mikados and crews. They originally served in the western North Dakota/eastern Montana territory.

text: The Northern Pacific purchased Timken 1111 called the Four Aces, the first locomotive built with roller bearings, in 1933. The Northern Pacific renumbered it 2626 and classified it as the sole member of locomotive Class A-1. It was used in passenger service in Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana until 1957 when it was retired from active service and scrapped at South Tacoma, despite attempts to preserve the locomotive. After Timken 1111, the NP bought only roller bearing equipped steam locomotives, with the exception of four 4-6-6-4 Class Z-6 locomotives that were later changed to roller bearings.

text: Steam locomotives[edit]

text: Twenty-one Northern Pacific steam locomotives have been preserved:

text:
Two 0-4-0 engines (the Minnetonka and 8). The Minnetonka was built by Porter and Smith in 1870, and is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota. It has the distinction of being shipped in parts around Cape Horn and reassembled at Kalama, Washington circa 1871.
Five 0-6-0 engines, representing classes L-4 (927), L-5 (924), L-7 (1031) and L-9 (1068). Locomotive 1070 is located in Acme, WA.at the Lake Whatcom Railroad historically preserved by Owner/Engineer Frank Culp. L-4 927 is displayed at the Ironhorse Central Railroad Museum Chisago City, Minnesota. L-7 1031 is displayed at the Yellowstone Valley Museum in Billings, MT.
One 2-6-2 engine, Class T (2435). The locomotive was built by the Brooks Locomotive Works in 1907 and is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in Duluth, Minnesota.
One 2-8-0 engine, Class Y-1 (25).
One 2-8-2 engine, Class W-3 (1762).
Two 4-4-0 engines, classes C-1 (684), and 25½-C (21). NP 684 was built by the New York Locomotive Works in 1883. Sold off and later abandoned in a field in Idaho, it was rescued and rebuilt by the Northern Pacific at the instigation of company photographer Ronald V. Nixon. It is on display at Bonanzaville, USA in Fargo, North Dakota. NP 21 was built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1872 and was later sold to the Canadian Pacific Railway and became the CP 1, the Countess of Dufferin. The engine is now owned by the City of Winnipeg and on permanent display in the Winnipeg Railway Museum.
Five 4-6-0 Baldwin engines, representing classes S-4 (1354, 1356, 1364 and 1382) and Class S-10 (328). The 1364 is being restored by the Northern Pacific Railway Museum in Toppenish, Washington. The 1356 was built in 1902 placed on display in 1957 in downtown Missoula, Montana next to the historic Northern Pacific railway depot built 1901. The 1356 is very famous in western Montana and north Idaho for its use to save many people's lives in the 3-million-acre Bitterroot forest fires of 1910 escaping trough fires on both sides of the track even traveling over a railroad trestle that was ablaze outside of Avery, Idaho. In 1943 tragedy struck while the 1356 was pulling 28 log filled cars. The 1356 derailed on a collapsing bridge into the Bitterroot river killing all three crew. The 1356 was buried by the log train and even the recovery crane toppled on top of 1356 during the recovery. 1356 was rebuilt in Livingston, Montana and returned to service. Missoula, Montana has a celebration every year for the 1356. The 328 was built by Rogers Locomotive Works in 1907 and is owned by the Minnesota Transportation Museum and is being restored in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Four 4-6-2 engines, representing Class Q-3 (2152, 2153, 2156 and 2164). The 2152 is owned and displayed by the Northern Pacific Railway Museum in Toppenish, WA. The 2153 and 2156 were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1909 are owned by the Minnesota Transportation Museum. The 2156 is being restored in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The 2164 is on display at Camp Hancock State Historic Site in Bismarck, North Dakota.

text: In addition, preserved Spokane, Portland and Seattle 700, a 4-8-4, was derived from Northern Pacific designs.

text: Diesel locomotives[edit]

text:
Burlington Northern Railroad 1 and 2, formerly Northern Pacific 6700A and 7002C, EMD F9s, were built in 1954 and later rebuilt by BN for special train service. They are now owned by the Illinois Railway Museum and are operational at the museum.Union, Illinois.
Northern Pacific 3617, an EMD SD45 built 1967 restored and operated by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in Duluth, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 7012A an EMD F9 built 1956 was donated to the Western Forest Industries Museum ca. 1983 by BN. Now under the care of Mount Rainier Scenic Railroad.

text: Passenger equipment[edit]

text:
Northern Pacific 230, a 73-foot (22 m) lightweight baggage car built by Pullman Company in 1963, is now owned by the Illinois Railway Museum and is on display in Union, Illinois. The streamlined car was formerly in service on the Northern Pacific’s Mainstreeter.
Northern Pacific 255 is a lightweight baggage car built by the St. Louis Car Company in 1965. It was donated to the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in 1981.
Northern Pacific 325, a Slumbercoach named Loch Sloy built by the Budd Company in 1959, is now owned by the Illinois Railway Museum and is on display in Union, Illinois. The car was formerly in service on the Northern Pacific’s North Coast Limited.
Northern Pacific 390, a lightweight 4-double bedroom, 1-compartment sleeper-buffet-lounge-observation car named Rainier Club and built by Pullman Company in 1947, is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota. The car was in service on the Northern Pacific’s North Coast Limited.
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 481, a lightweight 8-duplex roomette, 6-roomette, 3-double bedroom, 1-compartment sleeper car named Savannah built by the Pullman Company in 1948 to Northern Pacific specifications is now owned by the Illinois Railway Museum and is on display in Union, Illinois. The car was in service on the Northern Pacific’s North Coast Limited.
Northern Pacific 517, a lightweight, 56 seat coach built by Pullman Standard in 1946, was used on the North Coast Limited and the Mainstreeter. It was sold to the Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway in 1974 and was acquired by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in 2000 and repainted in Northern Pacific colors.
Northern Pacific 627, a heavyweight coach built in 1910 by the Pullman Company as an all steel, electric lit and steam heated parlor car named Dunlap and assigned to the Pennsylvania Railroad for the opening of the Pennsylvania Station in New York City. It was sold in 1941 to the Northern Pacific and rebuilt into NP 627, an 86-seat heavyweight coach in 1942. It was used on the Northern Pacific's Casey Jones Excursions including the final runs of steam locomotives NP 1372, NP 1776 and NP 2626. Its last run for the Northern Pacific was Christmas Eve of 1964 on the transcontinental Mainstreeter. It was sold in 1968 to the Lake Whatcom Railway where it remains in use.
Northern Pacific 634, a heavyweight coach built in 1912 by the Pullman Company as a parlor car named Clearview and assigned to the Pennsylvania Railroad for the inaugural Broadway Limited. It was sold in 1941 to the Northern Pacific and converted in 1942 to an 88-seat coach. It was used on the Northern Pacific's Casey Jones Excursions including the final runs of steam locomotives NP 1372, NP 1776 and NP 2626. Its last run for the Northern Pacific was Christmas Eve of 1964 on the transcontinental Mainstreeter. It was sold in 1968 to the Lake Whatcom Railway where it remains in use.
Northern Pacific 1102, a heavyweight Railway Post Office car built by the Pullman Company in 1914 as a parlor car named Reba. It was later rebuilt by the NP into NP 631, an 86-seat heavyweight coach, and in 1947 as a triple combine car with a fifteen-foot RPO section. In 1965 it was refitted by the NP's Signal Department for use as a training car. The car has been rebuilt to its triple combine configuration and gives demonstrations of how the U.S. Mail used to move by rail at the Minnesota Transportation Museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 1370, a heavyweight coach built by the Pullman Company in 1915 for service on the North Coast Limited. The car is on display at the Minnesota Transportation Museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 1447, a Railway Post Office car built in 1914, is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 1512, a heavyweight baggage car built by the Pullman Company in 1915, is in service on the Lake Whatcom Railway at Wickersham, Washington.
Northern Pacific 1681, a coffee shop coach built by the Pullman Company in 1923 as an NP coach and rebuilt to a coffee shop coach in 1957 for use on the transcontinental Mainstreeter between Seattle and Spokane. It is in use at the Lake Whatcom Railway, Wickersham, Washington.
Northern Pacific Madison River, a heavyweight business car built by the Pullman Company in 1926 as North Coast Limited Observation Car 1716. It was converted to a Business Car 2 in 1943 and survived past the 1970 merger. It remains in use on the Lake Whatcom Railway.
Eight cars originally built for Northern Pacific by the Pullman Company in the early 1900s are now used in daily service on the Napa Valley Wine Train (NVRR). These cars were sold by NP to Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad in 1960 and were used for the Ski Train between Denver and Winter Park, Colorado, before the NVRR purchased them in 1987.

text: Many NP passenger cars remain in private collections.

text: Cabooses[edit]

text:
Northern Pacific 1238, a wood cupola caboose Was purchased by Nalley's Fine Foods, Tacoma, Washington from the BN in 1975 and was used for the Project NP1364 restoration but was remodeled as a clubhouse for Nalley's and parked by the Seattle KING DOME until the dome was torn down then donated to the NP Museum in Toppenish, Washington where it was restored to its pre-1950s look without the large herald and MAIN STREET OF THE NORTHWEST logos and is on display in Toppenish, Washington
Northern Pacific 1264, originally NP 1144, a wood cupola caboose built in 1901 by the South Baltimore Car Works in Baltimore, Maryland. The car served for many years on Idaho Division freight trains and is now on display at the Minnesota Transportation Museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 1311, a wood cupola caboose built in 1913, is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 1631, a wood cupola caboose, is now on display at the Minnesota Transportation Museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 1660, a wood cupola caboose, which was the first to have the NP trademark "monad" painted on its side, is now on display at the Lake Whatcom Railway, Wickersham, Washington.
Northern Pacific 1730, now Minnesota Transfer Railway X-12, is a former cupola caboose built for the Northern Pacific in 1921 by Pacific Car and Foundry. It was sold in 1966 to the Minnesota Transfer Railway and converted into a bay window caboose. It is now owned by the Mid-Continent Railway Museum and is on display in North Freedom, Wisconsin.
Northern Pacific 1781, a wood cupola caboose built in 1923, is now owned by the Mid-Continent Railway Museum and is on display in North Freedom, Wisconsin.

text: Numerous NP cabooses remain in private collections.

text: Maintenance equipment[edit]

text:
Northern Pacific 30, a Russell snowplow, is now on display at the Minnesota Transportation Museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 38, a steam wrecking derrick built by Industrial Works in Bay City, Michigan in 1913, is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 19, a wedge snowplow built by the Russell Car Company, is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 2 a rotary steam snowplow built by the Cooke Locomotive Works in 1887, is now owned by the Lake Superior Railroad Museum and is on display in Duluth, Minnesota.
Northern Pacific 10, a rotary steam snowplow built in November 1907, is now owned by the Northwest Railway Museum and is on display in Snoqualmie, Washington.
Northern Pacific 642, a Mann-McCann spreader built by the St. Paul Foundry in 1921 is now owned by the Northern Pacific Railway Museum in Toppenish, Washington. The spreader was operated for many years on Stampede Pass by Burlington Northern as No. 972602.

text: Trademark[edit]

text: In search of a trademark, the Northern Pacific considered and rejected many designs. Edwin Harrison McHenry, the Chief Engineer, was struck with a geometric design, a Taijitu in the Korean flag he saw while visiting the Korean exhibit at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The idea came to him that it was just the symbol for the long-sought-for trademark. With a slight modification, and rendered in red and black, the symbol became the railroad's trademark.[24]

text: In 1876, photographer Frank Jay Haynes began contract work with the railroad for publicity photographs. In 1881 he met Charles Fee and through his 20-year friendship with Fee, Haynes became known as the "Official Photographer of the N.P.R.R". His "Northern Pacific Views" photographically documented over the years, the routes, destinations, infrastructure and equipment of the railroad.[25]


document_title: Ellie Woodcomb

question_text: when does ellie find out chuck is still a spy

text: Ellie Woodcomb

text: Biography[edit]

text: Eleanor Faye Bartowski was born to Stephen and Mary Bartowski in 1978. With the exception of her younger brother, Chuck (Zachary Levi), little was initially known about the Bartowski family beyond that their mother left them when they were younger (Chuck was in the fifth grade) and that their father was "never really there."[3] Her father, Stephen J. Bartowski, first appeared in the episode "Chuck Versus the Dream Job."  Ellie attended and graduated from UCLA Medical School, where she met and went to school with her future husband, Devon Woodcomb. Devon was in love with her for three years ("give or take") before the events of "Chuck Versus the Seduction."  They began dating when Devon gave her his sweater and said it was meant for her because the color matched her eyes.[4] She also earned a Ph.D., although neither the discipline in which, nor the university where, she studied has been revealed as of the end of season four.

text: When her brother was expelled by Stanford University in 2003 he came back to Echo Park in Los Angeles to stay with her.[5] For much of their lives growing up, Chuck and Ellie relied on each other, and after Chuck returned home, Ellie became one of his main sources of support as he recovered from Bryce Larkin's betrayal. At the beginning of the series, Ellie is throwing a birthday party for Chuck and has invited a number of her girlfriends for him to meet in hopes of helping him get past Jill. In "Chuck Versus the Subway", late in season 3, she learns that Chuck is a spy.  In the season 4 opener "Chuck Versus the Anniversary" it is revealed Ellie and Devon are expecting a baby.  Daughter Clara is born in the mid season episode "Chuck Versus the Push Mix".

text: Series[edit]

text: Ellie Bartowski-Woodcomb is portrayed by actress Sarah Lancaster. She first appears in the series at the beginning of "Chuck Versus the Intersect," when Chuck tries to escape his birthday party which she arranged to try introducing him to real women.[6] She remains one of the most important anchors between Chuck and his real life throughout the series, and her safety is one of his foremost concerns. When Chuck discovered Casey had bugged the home he shared with Ellie, he was even prepared to threaten Casey if he found out he was spying on her as well.[4] When Chuck's extraction by the government was imminent, he made a point of telling her goodbye, and later asked Sarah to tell her something to make his disappearance "okay."[7]

text: Most of Ellie's appearances in the series have been as part of the side-plots involving Chuck's real life and coworkers at the Buy More, so she has rarely figured prominently into the main arc. Her most significant role in the main plot of an episode came in "Chuck Versus the Truth," in which Ellie attempted to treat nuclear expert Mason Whitney when he was poisoned by Reardon Payne. When Whitney later died, Payne, disguised as a police officer taking a statement, exposed Ellie to the same toxic truth serum he used on Whitney to find where he hid his nuclear codes. Ellie nearly died as a result of the poisoning until Chuck administered the antidote. Although she was in a coma during this time, Ellie became the first person Chuck told about his secret life.[4] She was also among the hostages in the Buy More when Ned Rhyerson crashed his car into the store while evading the police. For her sake, Chuck convinced Devon not to go through with a plan to overwhelm Ned, and later identified himself as the Intersect to Mauser to prevent him from killing her. The bracelet Chuck gave to Sarah in the same episode was a charm bracelet Chuck and Ellie's father gave to their mother when Ellie was born.[8]

text: A major recurring thread in the series is the love/hate relationship she has with Chuck's best friend Morgan Grimes. Morgan has been in love with Ellie for a long time (or at the very least has a very strong crush on her), but Ellie is at first shown to barely tolerate him. However, as the series progresses, she and Morgan come to form something resembling a friendship, partly owing to them both missing Chuck as his spy life begins to interfere more frequently with his real life.[3] Morgan also offers her support and comfort during a fight with Devon, where he admits he sees her as a sister (that he wants to have sex with so bad).[9] Morgan's girlfriend Anna immediately takes a dislike to Ellie because of Morgan's long-standing crush.[10]

text: Throughout the series, Ellie encourages Chuck and pushes him towards leaving the Buy More and doing something more suitable to his education level.[11] After Chuck expressed misgivings about his relationship with Sarah in "Chuck Versus the Suburbs," she encouraged Chuck to break up with her, before Morgan reminded her that Sarah was the best thing that had happened to him in a long time.[12] She was ecstatic when Chuck announced he was moving out and that he and Sarah would be getting a place together, but did not have a chance to react when Chuck later abruptly changed his mind.[13]

text: Devon proposed to Ellie at the end of "Chuck Versus the Marlin," and she accepted. This began a secondary arc throughout the second season covering the preparations for the wedding. Ellie's regret that her father would not be there led Chuck to decide to track him down and promise that their father would be there.[14] Their father indeed appeared at the end of the second season (see below). Ellie married Devon in the second-season finale.

text: In the third season, Ellie grows concerned that Chuck and Devon seem to be keeping secrets from her.  The secrets really have to do with Devon being in on Chuck's spy life since late in season 2, and Devon always has trouble lying to her, but Ellie remains unaware of what they are keeping from her.  She begins to snoop on Chuck—even enlisting Morgan, who shares suspicions about Chuck.  Their suspicions are allayed when they catch Chuck sneaking around to make out with Hannah, but Ellie still takes note of Devon and Chuck being "thick as thieves."

text: Ellie gets her dream opportunity, a neurology fellowship at (UCLA rival) USC. Devon is initially opposed to the idea because he wants to get himself and Ellie away from the danger attendant with Chuck's spy life, but he relents, realizing how important the opportunity is to her. Soon she is granted a sabbatical, allowing her to take a year off so she can both pursue the fellowship and go to Africa with Doctors Without Borders as Devon planned.[15]

text: In "Chuck Versus the Tooth" Ellie is manipulated by a Ring operative she met in Africa named Justin into believing that Casey is a double-agent and a threat to her father. While posing as a CIA operative, Justin recruits Ellie as an asset after she accidentally discovers a substantial amount of weaponry stashed away in Casey's apartment, and is tricked by Justin into revealing that Stephen left a means for his children to contact him. Their means of communication was through the advertising in newspapers, so they could send secret messages. However, Stephen came to Burbank, instead of revealing his whereabouts that Justin desired. When Ellie asked about what to do about Casey, Justin gave her a music box that could jam his communications. The box is later revealed to have a gun, which Justin urges her to use to shoot Casey, who was planting bugs around her apartment. Ellie couldn't bring herself to do it and instead struck Casey down with a frying pan before running to Justin. Unfortunately, he locked her in his office while lying that the CIA had safeguarded her father.

text: Ellie learned of her father and brother's involvement in the CIA in "Chuck Versus the Subway," and was instrumental in helping Devon and Morgan rescue the team from Daniel Shaw after witnessing her father's murder. Ellie approved Chuck's decision to finish Shaw and the Ring, but insisted he quit once they were defeated. However, Chuck would be drawn into the spy world once more with an unknown enemy that their father had been fighting.

text: In "Chuck Versus the Anniversary" Chuck was on his way to tell Ellie that he has to return to being a spy to find their mother, but she presumed that he was telling her that he's returning to the Buy More, now controlled by the U.S. government. In turn, she confides in her brother that she's pregnant. Ellie and Awesome are expecting a daughter. Although Ellie had discovered Chuck's work with the CIA during the previous season's finale, she did not actually see how good at it Chuck actually was—or how much he truly enjoyed the work—until "Chuck Versus the Coup d'Etat." She openly admitted being impressed with Chuck's skills when he and Sarah helped both Ellie and Devon, and Generalissimo Goya, escape a coup d'etat in Costa Gravas.

text: Ellie was briefly reunited with her mother in "Chuck Versus the First Fight," after Morgan arranged the visit as part of a plea deal in which Mary agreed to help the team locate Chuck following his capture by Volkoff agents. During the meeting, Mary explained to Ellie where she had been the last twenty years and also subtly provided hints relevant to a search Ellie was conducting for anything left behind for her by her father (prompted by Chuck's own inquiries if Stephen had done so). The story Mary told her about road trips in the family's old Mustang led her to the realization that a car she had seen in the classifieds of the newspaper—which she was searching due to her father's habit of leaving her coded messages in such a manner—was indeed left behind by Stephen as she suspected. With Devon's help Ellie recovered the vehicle and a note from her father. Hidden beneath one of the seats was one of his computers. She found it and Devon said he would take it. After Devon has Lester hack it to turn it on, there was a password that only Ellie knows, which was "Knock, Knock" and the answer was "I'm here".

text: The laptop contained her father's research on the Intersect in the brain from an engineer's perspective. She corrected it with her neuroscience but wasn't able to activate it through a new password which was known only by Chuck. Although Ellie was unaware of the purpose of her father's work, the corrections she made allowed Chuck to reactivate the Intersect.

text: In the episode "Chuck Versus the Muuurder", Ellie devotes her time to the research on the laptop, after it is given to her by National Clandestine Service Director Jane Bentley. When she is sleeping, the laptop scans her, and verifies her identity before accessing files on "Agent X".

text: In the series finale, Ellie moves with Devon, their daughter and Mary to Chicago.

text: Development[edit]

text: Sarah Lancaster was cast in the role of Ellie Bartowski in March, 2007,[16] joining Zachary Levi, Adam Baldwin and Yvonne Strahovski. On January 16, 2009 it was announced that Scott Bakula would be appearing as Chuck and Ellie's father Stephen in a three-episode story.[17]

text: Personality[edit]

text: Ironically, considering that Chuck's secret life has led him to save Ellie's on three occasions, she still plays the role of the over-protective older sister and deep-down still sees him as her baby brother. She frequently offers Chuck encouragement and advice on women in general, and his relationship with Sarah in particular. Although unaware of the truth of that relationship, Ellie is one of the first people to recognize that her interest in Chuck is genuine.[18] She was immediately concerned when Chuck ran into Jill again and was meeting her for dinner to catch up.[19]

text: She immediately took a liking to Sarah, and is one of the few characters who enjoys Casey's company or refers to him by first name ("He's so sweet!").[10]

text: After Chuck, the most important person in Ellie's life is her husband, Devon Woodcomb. She's the only character who never refers to him as "Captain Awesome," although she did refer to his parents as the "Very Awesomes" when they were planning a visit.[20] She loves him dearly, but under the effects of truth serum angrily complained about his frequent use of the word "awesome," and what she felt as moments of neglect of her feelings in the relationship.[4] Ellie later accuses him of self-centeredness and disregard what she wanted when he a bought washer and dryer for their anniversary (as opposed to a big-screen TV).[9]

text: Although usually calm and collected, Ellie becomes a nervous wreck and a perfectionist when she is required to be near Devon's parents, whom she refers to as the "Very Awesomes." In "Chuck Versus the Gravitron," Devon's parents are supposed to come over for Thanksgiving and Ellie's nervousness manifests with her cleaning at a hurried pace, cooking multiple turkeys (which she promptly throws in the trash for flaws only she notices) and uninviting Morgan. Ellie was greatly intimidated during a visit from Devon's parents, and was quickly driven to frustration by Honey Woodcomb's interference with the wedding plans, but hits her breaking point when Woody offers to walk her down the aisle (the only part of the wedding she imagined was her father doing this).[14] She was also deeply disturbed by her perception of Devon's bachelor party, after seeing incriminating photographs taken by Lester of an unconscious Devon with Agent Forrest (dressed as a cop-themed stripper).[21] She was hurt, and believes Chuck and Morgan are covering up willful actions taken by Devon during the party (she later learned the truth). And like Chuck, Ellie also has a trusting nature, which the Ring used to manipulate her into thinking that her handler was CIA and that Casey was a double agent.

text: It is unknown whether she has the same ability to absorb and retain visual information as her father and brother.