document_title: List of The Haves and the Have Nots episodes

question_text: who died on the haves and have nots 2017

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
16
May 28, 2013 (2013-05-28)
September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)

2
20
January 7, 2014 (2014-01-07)
July 29, 2014 (2014-07-29)

3
25
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)

4
23
January 5, 2016 (2016-01-05)
September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)

5
23
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Big Surprise"
May 28, 2013 (2013-05-28)
1.77[6]

The Cryer family has prepared a surprise 50th birthday celebration for Jim, but as he arrives, he is stunned when he sees that his latest mistress, Candace, has become friendly with his daughter Amanda and is partaking in the festivities.

2
2
"Playing in the Deep End"
May 28, 2013 (2013-05-28)
1.81[6]

Jim has repeatedly requested that Candace leave the family's home, but she continues to disobey him by staying with Amanda.

3
3
"Beautifully Dysfunctional"
June 4, 2013 (2013-06-04)
1.47[7]

Candace commits some mischievous acts that put Jim's career in jeopardy.

4
4
"Entering the Race"
June 11, 2013 (2013-06-11)
1.31[8]

After Jim announces that he plans to run for Governor, Candace holds the affair against Jim and threatens to reveal the news to the media. Hanna is shocked when she discovers an eviction notice on her door.

5
5
"A Woman's Pride"
June 18, 2013 (2013-06-18)
1.32[9]

After her eviction, Hanna goes to Benny with questions regarding possibly adjusting the mortgage on her home.

6
6
"Angry Sex"
June 25, 2013 (2013-06-25)
1.82[10]

Jim falls into Candace's vindictive trap once again and David is irked by the fact that Jim is unable to control himself.

7
7
"A True Friend"
July 2, 2013 (2013-07-02)
1.54[11]

Amanda has Wyatt and Jeffrey assist her with the move into her new apartment while Hanna is set up on a blind date by Benny.

8
8
"The Criminal"
July 9, 2013 (2013-07-09)
1.56[12]

Benny prepares for his date by asking to borrow a car, but is arrested and charged with drug possession after falling trap to someone's malicious intent. Amanda seduces her law professor to raise her grade.

9
9
"The Set Up"
July 16, 2013 (2013-07-16)
1.61[13]

Katheryn ends up bonding with Hanna over their issues.

10
10
"Number Nine"
July 23, 2013 (2013-07-23)
1.80[14]

Katheryn shames Candace directly after Jim reveals his affair.

11
11
"Not My Daughter"
July 30, 2013 (2013-07-30)
1.87[15]

Katheryn tells everyone that she is leaving for vacation, but that turns out to be false.

12
12
"In Recovery"
August 6, 2013 (2013-08-06)
2.02[16]

Jim and Candace end up in a verbal and physical altercation.

13
13
"What Are You Doing Here?"
August 13, 2013 (2013-08-13)
2.14[17]

Information is discovered by a detective that links Benny and Tony. Veronica continues to work toward answers for Benny's case.

14
14
"My Name Is Veronica"
August 20, 2013 (2013-08-20)
2.05[18]

Katheryn gets nervous when her secret almost goes public.

15
15
"The Truth Will Set You Free"
August 27, 2013 (2013-08-27)
2.32[19]

After her secret is revealed, Katheryn tells everyone what she really knows about Jim's secret activities. Jeffrey finally discloses his love for Wyatt.

16
16
"No More Hiding"
September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)
2.61[20]

Wyatt relapses and has a life-changing accident.

text: Season 2 (2014)[edit]

text: The fifth episode in Season 2 of The Haves and the Have Nots, "Why Didn't You Tell Me?" was not only a series high episode in ratings, but the most watched television program in all of cable for the night.[21] The episode brought in 3.4 million viewers.[22] Among all OWN programming since the network's January 2011 debut, only a March 2012 Oprah's Next Chapter interview with Bobbi Kristina has drawn more viewers (3.5 million) than the February-4-2014 episode of The Haves and the Have Nots.[21] On Tuesday, March 11, 2014, however, a season 2 episode of The Haves and the Have Nots—following a hiatus within the season—set a record for all of OWN programming, scoring the highest ratings in the station's history. The record-breaking episode brought in 3.6 million viewers.[23] Additionally, the episode came in at number 1 among all of cable television and number 4 among all shows on television for its airing night.[22]

text:
Season 2 episodes

No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

17
1
"The Black Sedan"
January 7, 2014 (2014-01-07)
2.77[24]

Amanda is having second thoughts about asking for her inheritance. Inside, Katheryn and Jim are arguing about Wyatt's accident Hanna is trying to find out any information about Benny.

18
2
"Wyatt's Nightmare"
January 14, 2014 (2014-01-14)
2.55[25]

Wyatt kills a little girl after a hit-and-run, and Benny ends up on life support. Jim is unsure of what to do next once his campaign begins to fall apart. Amanda has an emotional breakdown.

19
3
"Family Issues"
January 21, 2014 (2014-01-21)
2.84[26]

Hanna disagrees with Tony's suggestion to take Benny off life support. Celine and Katheryn have a confrontation about the former's shabby treatment of Hanna.

20
4
"Unanswered Calls"
January 28, 2014 (2014-01-28)
2.78[27]

Jeffrey comes to the conclusion that Wyatt is the one who's at fault for Benny's condition and Lizzie's death.

21
5
"Why Didn't You Tell Me?"
February 4, 2014 (2014-02-04)
3.5[28]

Candace talks with Jim to have Benny relocated to a private hospital.

22
6
"Protecting Wyatt"
February 11, 2014 (2014-02-11)
3.01[29]

Jim does everything in his power to keep Wyatt from going to jail. Tony confronts Hanna and serves her with court papers.

23
7
"Amanda's Revenge"
February 18, 2014 (2014-02-18)
3.21[30]

Amanda breaks into her professor's home while his family is asleep. Candace is chosen by Hanna to represent her in court.

24
8
"Maggie's Plan"
February 25, 2014 (2014-02-25)
2.88[31]

As Jim gets ready to announce his campaign for Governor, Wyatt's behavior and warnings from Candace becomes too much to handle.

25
9
"March for Justice"
March 4, 2014 (2014-03-04)
3.04[32]

The judge makes a decision and sides with Tony. Hanna begs Tony on her knees to keep Benny on life support.

26
10
"Starting the Race"
March 11, 2014 (2014-03-11)
3.59[33]

Candace tries once again to blackmail Jim and David during their campaign event. Wyatt finally gets arrested.

27
11
"You'll Be Sorry"
May 27, 2014 (2014-05-27)
3.11[34]

Wyatt is arrested. Candace is kidnapped by the Malones. Benny shows signs of brain activity.

28
12
"The Confession"
June 3, 2014 (2014-06-03)
2.62[35]

Jim conspires to save his son. Amanda gets a gun. Benny improves.

29
13
"Donald"
June 10, 2014 (2014-06-10)
2.42[36]

Jim proclaims his son's innocence. Quincy pays Hanna a surprise visit in search of Candace.

30
14
"The Awakening"
June 17, 2014 (2014-06-17)
2.81[37]

Benny wakes up from his coma.

31
15
"The Vulnerable"
June 24, 2014 (2014-06-24)
2.92[38]

Benny prepares for his release from the hospital. Hanna plans to testify against Wyatt. Maggie tries to seduce David.

32
16
"The Sarandon Hotel"
July 1, 2014 (2014-07-01)
3.47[39]

After escaping her kidnappers, Candace asks Warlock for help. Jeffrey is seduced by Melissa.

33
17
"Again and Again"
July 8, 2014 (2014-07-08)
3.32[40]

David is compromised. Jim is plotting. Candace is panicking.

34
18
"Something's Wrong With Amanda"
July 15, 2014 (2014-07-15)
3.26[41]

Amanda leaves the Cryer estate with Quincy. Candace hides out at Jeffrey's apartment. Katheryn and Celine get into another confrontation.

35
19
"Norman Hewens"
July 22, 2014 (2014-07-22)
2.86[42]

A news report claiming that another person is responsible for the hit-and-run saves Wyatt from jail. Katheryn berates Jim about his evil deeds. Hanna attempts to apologize to Jim for her hand in the tragedy, but he won't have it and orders her off his property; however, Katheryn has a tearful and beautiful reunion with her best friend, and offers Hanna her job back and to begin after Benny is settled in. Katheryn then tells Jim off about his attitude towards Hanna and orders him to keep Celine under control or else.

36
20
"Checkmate"
July 29, 2014 (2014-07-29)
3.49[43]

Jim is confronted by Carlos, his illegitimate son with Celine. Katheryn's celebratory dinner party goes awry when Quincy, Candace's ex, shows up as Amanda's date. David and Veronica continue to battle over the fact that Jeffrey is gay. Candace seeks her revenge on Jim. Maggie makes another attempt to sleep with David.

text: Season 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

37
1
"The Power Dance"
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
3.22[44]

Jim is being held hostage by Warlock under Candace's orders.

38
2
"The War Room"
January 13, 2015 (2015-01-13)
2.91[45]

Hanna seeks information about Quincy's mother so she can get one step closer to finding her grandson. room.

39
3
"A Southern Brawl"
January 20, 2015 (2015-01-20)
2.60[46]

Wyatt gives Celine a taste of reality and he finds out a about his brother Carlos.

40
4
"Amanda's Room"
January 27, 2015 (2015-01-27)
2.98[47]

Jim gives up and finally gives in to Candace's demands.

41
5
"The Press Conference"
February 3, 2015 (2015-02-03)
2.89[48]

Katheryn gets some devastating news.

42
6
"A Tragic Day"
February 10, 2015 (2015-02-10)
3.42[49]

Everyone else is assembled at the Cryer mansion.

43
7
"April 7, 1979"
February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17)
3.22[50]

Katheryn tells the story of how she first met Jim.

44
8
"In Crisis"
February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24)
3.28[51]

Katheryn and David try to tell Veronica how wrong she is about Jeffery.

45
9
"A Talk with Jim"
March 3, 2015 (2015-03-03)
2.90[52]

Benny is convinced that Candace has changed her ways.

46
10
"Oscar"
March 10, 2015 (2015-03-10)
3.02[53]

Hanna comforts Jim after Amanda's death.

47
11
"Unglued"
March 17, 2015 (2015-03-17)
3.02[54]

David is angry at Veronica for telling Quincy to beat up Jeffrey.

48
12
"Enough is Enough"
March 24, 2015 (2015-03-24)
3.50[55]

Benny searches for Quincy after he shows up at Hanna's home.

49
13
"Two Funerals"
June 30, 2015 (2015-06-30)
3.29[56]

Veronica starts a fire that destroys her mansion and almost claims David's life.

50
14
"In Memoriam"
July 7, 2015 (2015-07-07)
2.79[57]

Wyatt's confession to D.A. Sallison sparks controversy.

51
15
"Nine Lives"
July 14, 2015 (2015-07-14)
3.17[58]

Hanna finds out that Jim and Katheryn were holding Candace hostage.

52
16
"The Cougar"
July 21, 2015 (2015-07-21)
2.85[59]

Hanna covers for Benny after she discovers him in bed with Veronica.

53
17
"Candace Young, Esq."
July 28, 2015 (2015-07-28)
3.01[60]

Candace shows Benny where she works.

54
18
"Benny Does Battle"
August 4, 2015 (2015-08-04)
3.17[61]

Quincy is hurt from the accident.

55
19
"Quincy Jr."
August 11, 2015 (2015-08-11)
3.12[62]

Hanna is reunited with Q.

56
20
"A Home For Q"
August 18, 2015 (2015-08-18)
3.06[64]

Candace learns that Hanna is seeking custody of Q; and the Cryers and Harringtons try to convince the D.A. that Wyatt's taped confession is a misunderstanding.[63]

57
21
"Candace's Closing"
August 25, 2015 (2015-08-25)
3.19[65]

Candace buys property with the money she extorted from Jim; and Jim is interviewed on TV.

58
22
"Dianna Winchill"
September 1, 2015 (2015-09-01)
3.23[66]

While Jim is being interviewed by Dianna Winchill, a surprise guest arrives. Veronica tells Jim that she had planned Wyatt's attack in prison, leading Jim to attack her and later put a hit on her, Professor Cannon, and Prison Guard Terrell by calling three hitmen and ordering a "bloodbath."

59
23
"Vetted"
September 8, 2015 (2015-09-08)
3.28[67]

Hanna grows suspicious of Benny's involvement with Veronica and how he acquired his new house; Quincy drives a car through Hanna's home in spite of revenge; Candace decides to let her guard down with Oscar.

60
24
"Sheep's Clothing"
September 15, 2015 (2015-09-15)
3.13[68]

Hanna becomes devastated when she learns that Quincy set her house on fire; Maggie tries to talk David into running for Governor; Jeffrey gives Wyatt the necessary ammunition to take his parents down.

61
25
"When The Chickens Come Home"
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
3.71[69]

Hanna and Benny force Candace to tell the truth about everything.

text: Season 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

62
1
"The Waters Run Deep"
January 5, 2016 (2016-01-05)
3.11[70]

Katheryn and Veronica are taken to the police station Candace and Jeffrey disagree on what to do with Quincy's body when interrupted by a knock on the door.
Note: Actress Eva Tamargo who portrays Celine Gonzales leaves the main cast this season, although she is still featured in the opening sequence in the season 4 premiere.

63
2
"Paid In Full"
January 12, 2016 (2016-01-12)
2.73[71]

Katheryn has had a lot of time for reflection while cooling her heels behind bars with Veronica. Candace and Jeffery get a visit from police because of a nosy neighbor.

64
3
"The Right Medicine"
January 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)
2.94[72]

Katheryn is taken aback by the photo of Veronica in the arms of another man. Quincy wakes up and begs for Candace's help.

65
4
"An Evil Soul"
January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26)
3.02[73]

Katheryn is unshaken by the DA's attempt to push. Candace's lies catch up with her.

66
5
"Immunity"
February 2, 2016 (2016-02-02)
2.90[74]

Benny agrees to help Candace hide evidence in Quincy's murder.

67
6
"Making Millions"
February 9, 2016 (2016-02-09)
2.81[75]

Quincy Jr. passes out on Hanna after getting really sick and is taken to the hospital and placed in ICU.

68
7
"A Front Row Seat"
February 16, 2016 (2016-02-16)
2.95[76]

Maggie's lie to David could cause her to lose him forever; Katheryn gets out of jail but she can't find anyone to help Jim or Veronica.

69
8
"Unexpected Visitors"
February 23, 2016 (2016-02-23)
3.07[77]

Candace interrogates the social worker; Hanna is steaking out at Cryer's mansion waiting for their return; Katheryn goes to visit David but little does she know that Wyatt is one step closer to getting his inheritance.

70
9
"I Choose My Son"
March 1, 2016 (2016-03-01)
2.80[78]

Quita and Daylon break into Candace's house but are caught by Pearl, who calls her son Justin and his police squad to arrest them; Justin continues to harass Jeffery.

71
10
"Beg For What You Need"
March 8, 2016 (2016-03-08)
2.64[79]

Candace puts a plan into action to save herself and Benny from War's rage. Katheryn pleads with Hanna to not end their friendship. Veronica handles the hired assassin hiding in her house in an unexpected manner.

72
11
"48 Hours"
March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)
2.85[80]

Warlock has pushed up Candace's due date, so she goes to the bank to mortgage the houses and Benny's tow yard.

73
12
"My Friend Maggie"
June 21, 2016 (2016-06-21)
2.85[81]

Maggie visit's Veronica's home and gets the surprise of her life

74
13
"Criminology 101"
June 28, 2016 (2016-06-28)
2.63[82]

Veronica treats David with much malice.

75
14
"Giving Candy To A Baby"
July 5, 2016 (2016-07-05)
2.70[83]

After talking with Pearl, Hanna hopes to gain custody of Quincy Jr.

76
15
"The Apple Tree"
July 12, 2016 (2016-07-12)
2.64[84]

Katheryn Cryer tries to process difficult news about one of her closest family members

77
16
"The Heart of A Man"
July 19, 2016 (2016-07-19)
2.70[85]

Veronica and Jeffery go to visit Katheryn but Veronica pushes Jeffery to his limit.

78
17
"An Accident"
July 26, 2016 (2016-07-26)
3.05[86]

Jeffrey begins to implode so he calls Candace and Justin for help.

79
18
"A Tragic Assumption"
August 2, 2016 (2016-08-02)
3.02[87]

Jennifer arrives at Katheryn's house to tell her that Wyatt is alive.

80
19
"I Am Wolf"
August 9, 2016 (2016-08-09)
2.89[88]

Jim teams up with a former enemy in his scheme against Candace.

81
20
"Back In Business"
August 16, 2016 (2016-08-16)
2.93[89]

Mitch breaks up the fight between David and Benny; David gets some shocking information about Mitch.

82
21
"The Fugitive"
August 23, 2016 (2016-08-23)
2.95[90]

The police are on the look out for Hanna so they question Candace and Benny.

83
22
"The Silk Handkerchief"
August 30, 2016 (2016-08-30)
2.95[91]

Benny learns the truth of how Candace financed his property. Candace finally tells him the truth about War and how she got the money, and what Mitch did but he doesn't believe her.

84
23
"Promises Kept"
September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)
3.24[92]

Katheryn explodes when she is pushed to the limit. Benny finds out the truth about War by Mitch, who also reveals to Benny who he really is.

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

85
1
"A Cup of Tea"
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
2.99[93]

Veronica tries to escape the Cryer Mansion. Jeffery is still trying to get a hold of Candace. Benny is still upset because of how Candace Mortgaged his house and the tow yard.

86
2
"Waiting for Candace"
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
2.16[94]

Veronica and Katheryn have a fight. Benny holds hope that Candace will come through with the money.

87
3
"It's Ok to Love"
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
2.68[95]

Veronica is still trying to escape Katheryn's mansion. Erica called Candace to give her an update on things with David.

88
4
"A Mother's Wisdom"
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
2.36[96]

Veronica wants to meet with Candace and Jeffery. Jim helps Katheryn clean up a mess she has created.

89
5
"Brilliant Lawyers Lurking"
January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)
2.70[97]

Veronica helps Candace and Jeffery out of a precarious predicament.

90
6
"A Hurricane Offshore"
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
2.75[98]

Veronica pays Erica a visit Candace encounters Oscar again. Quit'a finds Wyatt's place and tells him that she's going to take his money.

91
7
"Pieces of The Puzzle"
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
2.58[99]

Veronica lets Jim know that if anything happens to her she has dirt on him. Hanna questions Benny and Candace about what they did to Quincy.

92
8
"Praying for Light"
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
2.76[100]

Veronica planted a camera in those flowers she delivered to Erica. Hanna does all she can to keep the peace in her family.

93
9
"We All Need Forgiveness"
February 28, 2017 (2017-02-28)
2.33[101]

Veronica tells Justin to stay away from Jeffery. Candace makes Charles her latest Mark.

94
10
"Forget The Bubble"
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
2.41[102]

Veronica is pushing Jeffery's buttons. Erica is caught sleeping with David by War.

95
11
"In Pursuit of Prey"
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
3.20[103]

Veronica tries to seduce Benny. Warlock looks for Candace, Mitch returns from jail. Katheryn leaves Jim, Wyatt checks himself into rehab of his own volition.

96
12
"The Fallout From War"
June 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)
2.68[104]

Veronica goes in a rage after Melissa attempts suicide in her bed. In the aftermath of the shootout it is revealed that Quincy Jr is dead.

97
13
"My Grandson's War"
June 27, 2017 (2017-06-27)
2.44[105]

Veronica and Katheryn came face-to-face. Katheryn was able to be the friend that Hanna needed in comfort; Mama Rose inflict a bit of fear into Jim Cryer.

98
14
"Mad Day"
July 11, 2017 (2017-07-11)
2.33[106]

Veronica intervened and proved her skills by representing Benny, Jim taunted Veronica, Hanna found herself at Katheryn's new rental home.

99
15
"A Woman Under the Stairs"
July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)
2.43[107]

Veronica threatens to reveal Officer Justin's secret and accuses him of sexually harassing Jeffrey. David and Jim find their sons. Charles reveals to Candace who he really is.

100
16
"Railroad"
July 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)
2.43[108]

Veronica visits Melissa at the hospital. Katheryn helps Hanna deal with Benny's situation. Wyatt gets released from the hospital. Charles beats Candace at her own game.

101
17
"Elevator Seven"
August 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)
2.30[109]

Veronica tried to confront Erica and David on the elevator about their relationship. Landon tries to warn Charles about Candace. Jeffrey meets up with Landon.

102
18
"A Broken Mirror"
August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)
2.33[110]

Veronica catches Officer Justin in Jeffrey's hotel room, and records Officer Justin. Jim is trying to find Warlock before Mamma Rose does.

103
19
"Haunted By The Surname"
August 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)
2.40[111]

Veronica is confronted by Officer Justin. Candace starts to see Erica for who she truly is. Candace gets some devastating news.

104
20
"The Enemy Called Trust"
August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)
2.52[112]

Veronica tells Landon to stay away her son. Jim is shocked to see that his house is on fire. Candace ask Mitch for a favor. Warlock gets caught in a deadly trap.

105
21
"Kate"
August 29, 2017 (2017-08-29)
2.64[113]

Veronica makes Melissa clean her blood out of her bed. Jim and Katheryn implode with emotion. Jim confronts Katheryn, and begs her for retribution.

106
22
"For The Team"
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
2.61[114]

Veronica gives Jeffrey and Officer Justin an ultimatum. Candace and Benny are at odds with each other. David tells Jeffrey to stay away from Veronica.

107
23
"The Veronica Show"
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
2.58[115]

Veronica does something that puts Officer Justin at rage. Candace struggles with sorrow and the death of Quincy Jr. Jim confronts Candace at The Artesian Hotel.


document_title: Keenan Evans

question_text: where did keenan evans go to high school

root

text: Keenan Evans

text:
Keenan Evans

No. 12 – Texas Tech Red Raiders

Position
Point guard

League
Big 12 Conference

Personal information

Born
(1996-08-23) August 23, 1996 (age 21)
Richardson, Texas

Nationality
American

Listed height
6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)

Listed weight
190 lb (86 kg)

Career information

High school
Berkner (Richardson, Texas)

College
Texas Tech (2014–present)

Career highlights and awards

Consensus second-team All-American (2018)
First-team All-Big 12 (2018)
Third-team All-Big 12 (2017)

tag: table

text: Keenan Evans (born August 23, 1996) is an American college basketball player, currently a senior at Texas Tech University.

tag: p

text: A 6’3” point guard, Evans starred at Lloyd V. Berkner High School in Richardson, Texas and committed to Texas Tech to play for coach Tubby Smith.[1] When Smith left Texas Tech to become head coach at Memphis, Evans stayed to play for Chris Beard, Smith’s replacement.[2]

text: As a junior, Evans averaged 15.4 points and 3 assists a game and was named third-team All-Big 12 Conference for the 2016–17 season.[3]

text: As a senior in 2017–18, Evans emerged as the primary scoring option for the Red Raiders and led them to a top ten ranking during the season.[4] He scored one of the most memorable baskets of the Red Raiders’ season as he hit a game-winner against in-State rival Texas on February in a game where he scored a career-high 38 points.[5] Evans was named to the late-season watch lists for the Wooden Award[6] and the Bob Cousy Award.[7]

text: Evans is the son of Olympic high jumper Kenny Evans.[1]


document_title: List of Olympic medalists in figure skating

question_text: who won medals in ice dancing at olympics

text: Medalists[edit]

text: Men's singles[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1908 London
details
Ulrich Salchow
 Sweden
Richard Johansson
 Sweden
Per Thorén
 Sweden

1912 Stockholm
not included in the Olympic program

1920 Antwerp
details
Gillis Grafström
 Sweden
Andreas Krogh
 Norway
Martin Stixrud
 Norway

1924 Chamonix
details
Gillis Grafström
 Sweden
Willy Böckl
 Austria
Georges Gautschi
 Switzerland

1928 St. Moritz
details
Gillis Grafström
 Sweden
Willy Böckl
 Austria
Robert van Zeebroeck
 Belgium

1932 Lake Placid
details
Karl Schäfer
 Austria
Gillis Grafström
 Sweden
Montgomery Wilson
 Canada

1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details
Karl Schäfer
 Austria
Ernst Baier
 Germany
Felix Kaspar
 Austria

1948 St. Moritz
details
Dick Button
 United States
Hans Gerschwiler
 Switzerland
Edi Rada
 Austria

1952 Oslo
details
Dick Button
 United States
Helmut Seibt
 Austria
James Grogan
 United States

1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details
Hayes Alan Jenkins
 United States
Ronnie Robertson
 United States
David Jenkins
 United States

1960 Squaw Valley
details
David Jenkins
 United States
Karol Divín
 Czechoslovakia
Donald Jackson
 Canada

1964 Innsbruck
details
Manfred Schnelldorfer
 United Team of Germany
Alain Calmat
 France
Scott Allen
 United States

1968 Grenoble
details
Wolfgang Schwarz
 Austria
Timothy Wood
 United States
Patrick Péra
 France

1972 Sapporo
details
Ondrej Nepela
 Czechoslovakia
Sergei Chetverukhin
 Soviet Union
Patrick Péra
 France

1976 Innsbruck
details
John Curry
 Great Britain
Vladimir Kovalev
 Soviet Union
Toller Cranston
 Canada

1980 Lake Placid
details
Robin Cousins
 Great Britain
Jan Hoffmann
 East Germany
Charles Tickner
 United States

1984 Sarajevo
details
Scott Hamilton
 United States
Brian Orser
 Canada
Jozef Sabovčík
 Czechoslovakia

1988 Calgary
details
Brian Boitano
 United States
Brian Orser
 Canada
Viktor Petrenko
 Soviet Union

1992 Albertville
details
Viktor Petrenko
 Unified Team
Paul Wylie
 United States
Petr Barna
 Czechoslovakia

1994 Lillehammer
details
Alexei Urmanov
 Russia
Elvis Stojko
 Canada
Philippe Candeloro
 France

1998 Nagano
details
Ilia Kulik
 Russia
Elvis Stojko
 Canada
Philippe Candeloro
 France

2002 Salt Lake City
details
Alexei Yagudin
 Russia
Evgeni Plushenko
 Russia
Timothy Goebel
 United States

2006 Torino
details
Evgeni Plushenko
 Russia
Stéphane Lambiel
 Switzerland
Jeffrey Buttle
 Canada

2010 Vancouver
details
Evan Lysacek
 United States
Evgeni Plushenko
 Russia
Daisuke Takahashi
 Japan

2014 Sochi
details
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
Patrick Chan
 Canada
Denis Ten
 Kazakhstan

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
Shoma Uno
 Japan
Javier Fernández
 Spain

text: Men's special figures[edit]

text: Men's special figures was only included in one Olympic Games before being discontinued. The sole winner of the event was Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal.[2]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1908 London
details
Nikolai Panin
 Russian Empire
Arthur Cumming
 Great Britain
Geoffrey Hall-Say
 Great Britain

text: Ladies' singles[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1908 London
details
Madge Syers
 Great Britain
Elsa Rendschmidt
 Germany
Dorothy Greenhough-Smith
 Great Britain

1920 Antwerp
details
Magda Julin
 Sweden
Svea Norén
 Sweden
Theresa Weld
 United States

1924 Chamonix
details
Herma Szabo
 Austria
Beatrix Loughran
 United States
Ethel Muckelt
 Great Britain

1928 St. Moritz
details
Sonja Henie
 Norway
Fritzi Burger
 Austria
Beatrix Loughran
 United States

1932 Lake Placid
details
Sonja Henie
 Norway
Fritzi Burger
 Austria
Maribel Vinson
 United States

1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details
Sonja Henie
 Norway
Cecilia Colledge
 Great Britain
Vivi-Anne Hultén
 Sweden

1948 St. Moritz
details
Barbara Ann Scott
 Canada
Eva Pawlik
 Austria
Jeannette Altwegg
 Great Britain

1952 Oslo
details
Jeannette Altwegg
 Great Britain
Tenley Albright
 United States
Jacqueline du Bief
 France

1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details
Tenley Albright
 United States
Carol Heiss
 United States
Ingrid Wendl
 Austria

1960 Squaw Valley
details
Carol Heiss
 United States
Sjoukje Dijkstra
 Netherlands
Barbara Roles
 United States

1964 Innsbruck
details
Sjoukje Dijkstra
 Netherlands
Regine Heitzer
 Austria
Petra Burka
 Canada

1968 Grenoble
details
Peggy Fleming
 United States
Gabriele Seyfert
 East Germany
Hana Mašková
 Czechoslovakia

1972 Sapporo
details
Beatrix Schuba
 Austria
Karen Magnussen
 Canada
Janet Lynn
 United States

1976 Innsbruck
details
Dorothy Hamill
 United States
Dianne de Leeuw
 Netherlands
Christine Errath
 East Germany

1980 Lake Placid
details
Anett Pötzsch
 East Germany
Linda Fratianne
 United States
Dagmar Lurz
 West Germany

1984 Sarajevo
details
Katarina Witt
 East Germany
Rosalynn Sumners
 United States
Kira Ivanova
 Soviet Union

1988 Calgary
details
Katarina Witt
 East Germany
Elizabeth Manley
 Canada
Debi Thomas
 United States

1992 Albertville
details
Kristi Yamaguchi
 United States
Midori Ito
 Japan
Nancy Kerrigan
 United States

1994 Lillehammer
details
Oksana Baiul
 Ukraine
Nancy Kerrigan
 United States
Chen Lu
 China

1998 Nagano
details
Tara Lipinski
 United States
Michelle Kwan
 United States
Chen Lu
 China

2002 Salt Lake City
details
Sarah Hughes
 United States
Irina Slutskaya
 Russia
Michelle Kwan
 United States

2006 Torino
details
Shizuka Arakawa
 Japan
Sasha Cohen
 United States
Irina Slutskaya
 Russia

2010 Vancouver
details
Yuna Kim
 South Korea
Mao Asada
 Japan
Joannie Rochette
 Canada

2014 Sochi
details
Adelina Sotnikova
 Russia
Yuna Kim
 South Korea
Carolina Kostner
 Italy

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Alina Zagitova
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
Evgenia Medvedeva
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
Kaetlyn Osmond
 Canada

text: Pairs[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1908 London
details
 Anna Hübler
and Heinrich Burger (GER)
 Phyllis Johnson
and James H. Johnson (GBR)
 Madge Syers
and Edgar Syers (GBR)

1912 Stockholm
not included in the Olympic program

1920 Antwerp
details
 Ludowika Jakobsson
/ Walter Jakobsson (FIN)
 Alexia Bryn
and Yngvar Bryn (NOR)
 Phyllis Johnson
and Basil Williams (GBR)

1924 Chamonix
details
 Helene Engelmann
and Alfred Berger (AUT)
 Ludowika Jakobsson
and Walter Jakobsson (FIN)
 Andrée Joly
and Pierre Brunet (FRA)

1928 St. Moritz
details
 Andrée Joly
and Pierre Brunet (FRA)
 Lilly Scholz
and Otto Kaiser (AUT)
 Melitta Brunner
and Ludwig Wrede (AUT)

1932 Lake Placid
details
 Andrée Brunet
and Pierre Brunet (FRA)
 Beatrix Loughran
and Sherwin Badger (USA)
 Emília Rotter
and László Szollás (HUN)

1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details
 Maxi Herber
and Ernst Baier (GER)
 Ilse Pausin
and Erik Pausin (AUT)
 Emília Rotter
and László Szollás (HUN)

1948 St. Moritz
details
 Micheline Lannoy
and Pierre Baugniet (BEL)
 Andrea Kékesy
and Ede Király (HUN)
 Suzanne Morrow
and Wallace Diestelmeyer (CAN)

1952 Oslo
details
 Ria Falk
and Paul Falk (GER)
 Karol Kennedy
and Peter Kennedy (USA)
 Marianna Nagy
and László Nagy (HUN)

1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details
 Sissy Schwarz
and Kurt Oppelt (AUT)
 Frances Dafoe
and Norris Bowden (CAN)
 Marianna Nagy
and László Nagy (HUN)

1960 Squaw Valley
details
 Barbara Wagner
and Robert Paul (CAN)
 Marika Kilius
and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (EUA)
 Nancy Ludington
and Ronald Ludington (USA)

1964 Innsbruck
details
 Ludmila Belousova
and Oleg Protopopov (URS)
 Marika Kilius
and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (EUA)
 Debbi Wilkes
and Guy Revell (CAN)[a]
 Vivian Joseph
and Ronald Joseph (USA)

1968 Grenoble
details
 Ludmila Belousova
and Oleg Protopopov (URS)
 Tatyana Zhuk
and Aleksandr Gorelik (URS)
 Margot Glockshuber
and Wolfgang Danne (FRG)

1972 Sapporo
details
 Irina Rodnina
and Alexei Ulanov (URS)
 Lyudmila Smirnova
and Andrei Suraikin (URS)
 Manuela Groß
and Uwe Kagelmann (GDR)

1976 Innsbruck
details
 Irina Rodnina
and Alexander Zaitsev (URS)
 Romy Kermer
and Rolf Österreich (GDR)
 Manuela Groß
and Uwe Kagelmann (GDR)

1980 Lake Placid
details
 Irina Rodnina
and Alexander Zaitsev (URS)
 Marina Cherkasova
and Sergei Shakhrai (URS)
 Manuela Mager
and Uwe Bewersdorf (GDR)

1984 Sarajevo
details
 Elena Valova
and Oleg Vasiliev (URS)
 Kitty Carruthers
and Peter Carruthers (USA)
 Larisa Selezneva
and Oleg Makarov (URS)

1988 Calgary
details
 Ekaterina Gordeeva
and Sergei Grinkov (URS)
 Elena Valova
and Oleg Vasiliev (URS)
 Jill Watson
and Peter Oppegard (USA)

1992 Albertville
details
 Natalia Mishkutenok
and Artur Dmitriev (EUN)
 Elena Bechke
and Denis Petrov (EUN)
 Isabelle Brasseur
and Lloyd Eisler (CAN)

1994 Lillehammer
details
 Ekaterina Gordeeva
and Sergei Grinkov (RUS)
 Natalia Mishkutenok
and Artur Dmitriev (RUS)
 Isabelle Brasseur
and Lloyd Eisler (CAN)

1998 Nagano
details
 Oksana Kazakova
and Artur Dmitriev (RUS)
 Elena Berezhnaya
and Anton Sikharulidze (RUS)
 Mandy Wötzel
and Ingo Steuer (GER)

2002 Salt Lake City
details
 Elena Berezhnaya
and Anton Sikharulidze (RUS)
 Jamie Salé
and David Pelletier (CAN)
None awarded[b]
 Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)

2006 Torino
details
 Tatiana Totmianina
and Maxim Marinin (RUS)
 Zhang Dan
and Zhang Hao (CHN)
 Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)

2010 Vancouver
details
 Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)
 Pang Qing
and Tong Jian (CHN)
 Aliona Savchenko
and Robin Szolkowy (GER)

2014 Sochi
details
 Tatiana Volosozhar
and Maxim Trankov (RUS)
 Ksenia Stolbova
and Fedor Klimov (RUS)
 Aliona Savchenko
and Robin Szolkowy (GER)

2018 Pyeongchang
details
 Aliona Savchenko
and Bruno Massot (GER)
 Sui Wenjing
and Han Cong (CHN)
 Meagan Duhamel
and Eric Radford (CAN)

text: Ice dancing[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1976 Innsbruck
details
 Lyudmila Pakhomova
and Aleksandr Gorshkov (URS)
 Irina Moiseyeva
and Andrei Minenkov (URS)
 Colleen O'Connor
and James Millns (USA)

1980 Lake Placid
details
 Natalia Linichuk
and Gennadi Karponossov (URS)
 Krisztina Regőczy
and András Sallay (HUN)
 Irina Moiseyeva
and Andrei Minenkov (URS)

1984 Sarajevo
details
 Jayne Torvill
and Christopher Dean (GBR)
 Natalia Bestemianova
and Andrei Bukin (URS)
 Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (URS)

1988 Calgary
details
 Natalia Bestemianova
and Andrei Bukin (URS)
 Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (URS)
 Tracy Wilson
and Robert McCall (CAN)

1992 Albertville
details
 Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (EUN)
 Isabelle Duchesnay
and Paul Duchesnay (FRA)
 Maya Usova
and Alexander Zhulin (EUN)

1994 Lillehammer
details
 Oksana Grishuk
and Evgeny Platov (RUS)
 Maya Usova
and Alexander Zhulin (RUS)
 Jayne Torvill
and Christopher Dean (GBR)

1998 Nagano
details
 Oksana Grishuk
and Evgeny Platov (RUS)
 Anjelika Krylova
and Oleg Ovsyannikov (RUS)
 Marina Anissina
and Gwendal Peizerat (FRA)

2002 Salt Lake City
details
 Marina Anissina
and Gwendal Peizerat (FRA)
 Irina Lobacheva
and Ilia Averbukh (RUS)
 Barbara Fusar-Poli
and Maurizio Margaglio (ITA)

2006 Torino
details
 Tatiana Navka
and Roman Kostomarov (RUS)
 Tanith Belbin
and Benjamin Agosto (USA)
 Elena Grushina
and Ruslan Goncharov (UKR)

2010 Vancouver
details
 Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN)
 Meryl Davis
and Charlie White (USA)
 Oksana Domnina
and Maxim Shabalin (RUS)

2014 Sochi
details
 Meryl Davis
and Charlie White (USA)
 Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN)
 Elena Ilinykh
and Nikita Katsalapov (RUS)

2018 Pyeongchang
details
 Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN)
 Gabriella Papadakis
and Guillaume Cizeron (FRA)
 Maia Shibutani
and Alex Shibutani (USA)

text: Team event[edit]

text: The team event is the newest Olympic figure skating event, first contested in the 2014 Games. It combines the four Olympic figure skating disciplines (men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing) into a single event with the team earning the most placement points winning gold.

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2014 Sochi
details
 Russia (RUS)
Evgeni Plushenko
Yulia Lipnitskaya
Ksenia Stolbova
Fedor Klimov
Elena Ilinykh
Nikita Katsalapov
Tatiana Volosozhar
Maxim Trankov
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev
 Canada (CAN)
Patrick Chan
Kevin Reynolds
Kaetlyn Osmond
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Kirsten Moore-Towers
Dylan Moscovitch
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir
 United States (USA)
Jeremy Abbott
Jason Brown
Ashley Wagner
Gracie Gold
Marissa Castelli
Simon Shnapir
Meryl Davis
Charlie White

2018 Pyeongchang
details
 Canada (CAN)
Patrick Chan
Kaetlyn Osmond
Gabrielle Daleman
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
Mikhail Kolyada
Evgenia Medvedeva
Alina Zagitova
Evgenia Tarasova
Vladimir Morozov
Natalia Zabiiako
Alexander Enbert
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev
 United States (USA)
Nathan Chen
Adam Rippon
Bradie Tennell
Mirai Nagasu
Alexa Scimeca Knierim
Chris Knierim
Maia Shibutani
Alex Shibutani

text: Multi-medalists[edit]

text: Most medals[edit]

text: Gillis Grafström earned the most medals in a single event: four medals, three of which gold, in men's singles. The only other skaters to have earned three golds in a single discipline are Sonja Henie in ladies' singles and Irina Rodnina in pairs.

text: Counting multiple events, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir hold the record for the most medals, with a total of five medals including two golds in ice dancing and a team event gold. Evgeni Plushenko earned four medals, including a gold in men's singles and a team event gold.

text: Figure skaters who won three or more medal at the Olympics are listed below:[6]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Events
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir
 Canada (CAN)
ice dancing & team
2010–2018
3
2
0
5

Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström
 Sweden (SWE)
men's singles
1920–1932
3
1
0
4

Henie, SonjaSonja Henie
 Norway (NOR)
ladies' singles
1928–1936
3
0
0
3

Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c]
 Soviet Union (URS)
pairs
1972–1980
3
0
0
3

Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko
 Russia (RUS)
men's singles & team
2002–2014
2
2
0
4

Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d]
 Unified Team (EUN)
 Russia (RUS)
pairs
1992–1998
2
1
0
3

Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet
 France (FRA)
pairs
1924–1932
2
0
1
3

Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan
 Canada (CAN)
men's singles & team
2014–2018
1
2
0
3

Klimova, MarinaMarina Klimova / Ponomarenko, SergeiSergei Ponomarenko
 Soviet Union (URS)
 Unified Team (EUN)
ice dancing
1984–1992
1
1
1
3

Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White
 United States (USA)
ice dancing & team
2010–2014
1
1
1
3

Meagan Duhamel !Meagan Duhamel / Eric Radford !Eric Radford
 Canada (CAN)
pairs & team
2014–2018
1
1
1
3

Kaetlyn Osmond !Kaetlyn Osmond
 Canada (CAN)
ladies' singles & team
2014–2018
1
1
1
3

Shen Xue !Shen Xue / Zhao Hongbo !Zhao Hongbo
 China (CHN)
pairs
2002–2010
1
0
2
3

Savchenko, AlionaAliona Savchenko[e]
 Germany (GER)
pairs
2010–2018
1
0
2
3

Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran
 United States (USA)
ladies' singles & pairs
1924–1932
0
2
1
3

text: Multiple golds[edit]

text: The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Gillis Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie in ladies' singles, and Irina Rodnina in pairs. The most consecutive titles in ice dance is two, which has only been achieved by Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov. In addition, one ladies' singles skater, three men's singles skaters, and five pairs skaters have earned consecutive titles. Two ice dancers and three pair skaters have earned non-consecutive titles.

text: Five skaters have won Olympic gold medals in multiple events. Evgeni Plushenko won gold in men's singles in 2006 and team event gold in 2014. Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov were the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics, winning both pairs and team event. Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat four years later, earning golds in ice dancing and team event.

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Golds
Event(s)

Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström
 Sweden (SWE)
1920–1928
3
men's singles

Henie, SonjaSonja Henie
 Norway (NOR)
1928–1936
3
ladies' singles

Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c]
 Soviet Union (URS)
1972–1980
3
pairs

Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir
 Canada (CAN)
2010, 2018
3
2 in ice dancing (2010, 2018)
1 in team event (2018)

Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer
 Austria (AUT)
1932–1936
2
men's singles

Button, DickDick Button
 United States (USA)
1948–1952
2
men's singles

Hanyu, YuzuruYuzuru Hanyu
 Japan (JPN)
2014–2018
2
men's singles

Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko
 Russia (RUS)
2006, 2014
2
1 in men's singles (2006)
1 in team event (2014)

Witt, KatarinaKatarina Witt
 East Germany (GDR)
1984–1988
2
ladies' singles

Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet
 France (FRA)
1928–1932
2
pairs

Belousova, LudmilaLudmila Belousova / Protopopov, OlegOleg Protopopov
 Soviet Union (URS)
1964–1968
2
pairs

Zaitsev, AlexanderAlexander Zaitsev[c]
 Soviet Union (URS)
1976–1980
2
pairs

Gordeeva, EkaterinaEkaterina Gordeeva / Grinkov, SergeiSergei Grinkov
 Soviet Union (URS)
 Russia (RUS)
1988, 1994
2
pairs

Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d]
 Unified Team (EUN)
 Russia (RUS)
1992, 1998
2
pairs

Volosozhar, TatianaTatiana Volosozhar / Trankov, MaximMaxim Trankov
 Russia (RUS)
2014
2
1 in pairs
1 in team event

Grishuk, OksanaOksana Grishuk / Platov, EvgenyEvgeny Platov
 Russia (RUS)
1994–1998
2
ice dancing

text: Multi-medalists by event[edit]

text: Men's singles[edit]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström
 Sweden (SWE)
1920–1932
3
1
0
4

Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer
 Austria (AUT)
1932–1936
2
0
0
2

Button, DickDick Button
 United States (USA)
1948–1952
2
0
0
2

Hanyu, YuzuruYuzuru Hanyu
 Japan (JPN)
2014–2018
2
0
0
2

Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko
 Russia (RUS)
2002–2014
1
2
0
3

Jenkins, DavidDavid Jenkins
 United States (USA)
1956–1960
1
0
1
2

Petrenko, ViktorViktor Petrenko
 Soviet Union (URS)
 Unified Team (EUN)
1988–1992
1
0
1
2

Böckl, WillyWilly Böckl
 Austria (AUT)
1924–1928
0
2
0
2

Orser, BrianBrian Orser
 Canada (CAN)
1984–1988
0
2
0
2

Stojko, ElvisElvis Stojko
 Canada (CAN)
1994–1998
0
2
0
2

Péra, PatrickPatrick Péra
 France (FRA)
1968–1972
0
0
2
2

Candeloro, PhilippePhilippe Candeloro
 France (FRA)
1994–1998
0
0
2
2

text: Ladies' singles[edit]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Henie, SonjaSonja Henie
 Norway (NOR)
1928–1936
3
0
0
3

Witt, KatarinaKatarina Witt
 East Germany (GDR)
1984–1988
2
0
0
2

Albright, TenleyTenley Albright
 United States (USA)
1952–1956
1
1
0
2

Heiss, CarolCarol Heiss
 United States (USA)
1956–1960
1
1
0
2

Dijkstra, SjoukjeSjoukje Dijkstra
 Netherlands (NED)
1960–1964
1
1
0
2

Kim, YunaYuna Kim
 South Korea (KOR)
2010–2014
1
1
0
2

Altwegg, JeannetteJeannette Altwegg
 Great Britain (GBR)
1948–1952
1
0
1
2

Burger, FritziFritzi Burger
 Austria (AUT)
1928–1932
0
2
0
2

Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran
 United States (USA)
1924–1928
0
1
1
2

Kerrigan, NancyNancy Kerrigan
 United States (USA)
1992–1994
0
1
1
2

Kwan, MichelleMichelle Kwan
 United States (USA)
1998–2002
0
1
1
2

Slutskaya, IrinaIrina Slutskaya
 Russia (RUS)
2002–2006
0
1
1
2

Chen, Lu !Chen Lu
 China (CHN)
1994–1998
0
0
2
2

text: Pairs[edit]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c]
 Soviet Union (URS)
1972–1980
3
0
0
3

Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d]
 Unified Team (EUN)
 Russia (RUS)
1992–1998
2
1
0
3

Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet
 France (FRA)
1924–1932
2
0
1
3

Belousova, LudmilaLudmila Belousova / Protopopov, OlegOleg Protopopov
 Soviet Union (URS)
1964–1968
2
0
0
2

Zaitsev, AlexanderAlexander Zaitsev[c]
 Soviet Union (URS)
1976–1980
2
0
0
2

Gordeeva, EkaterinaEkaterina Gordeeva / Grinkov, SergeiSergei Grinkov
 Soviet Union (URS)
 Russia (RUS)
1988, 1994
2
0
0
2

Jakobsson, LudowikaLudowika Jakobsson / Jakobsson, WalterWalter Jakobsson
 Finland (FIN)
1920–1924
1
1
0
2

Mishkutenok, NataliaNatalia Mishkutenok[d]
 Unified Team (EUN)
 Russia (RUS)
1992–1994
1
1
0
2

Berezhnaya, ElenaElena Berezhnaya / Sikharulidze, AntonAnton Sikharulidze
 Russia (RUS)
1998–2002
1
1
0
2

Shen, Xue !Shen Xue / Zhao, Hongbo !Zhao Hongbo
 China (CHN)
2002–2010
1
0
2
3

Savchenko, AlionaAliona Savchenko[e]
 Germany (GER)
2010–2018
1
0
2
3

Kilius, MarikaMarika Kilius / Bäumler, Hans-JürgenHans-Jürgen Bäumler
 United Team of Germany (EUA)
1960–1964
0
2
0
2

Johnson, PhyllisPhyllis Johnson[f]
 Great Britain (GBR)
1908–1920
0
1
1
2

Rotter, EmíliaEmília Rotter / Szollás, LászlóLászló Szollás
 Hungary (HUN)
1932–1936
0
0
2
2

Nagy, MariannaMarianna Nagy / Nagy, LászlóLászló Nagy
 Hungary (HUN)
1952–1956
0
0
2
2

Groß, ManuelaManuela Groß / Kagelmann, UweUwe Kagelmann
 East Germany (GDR)
1972–1976
0
0
2
2

Brasseur, IsabelleIsabelle Brasseur / Eisler, LloydLloyd Eisler
 Canada (CAN)
1992–1994
0
0
2
2

Szolkowy, RobinRobin Szolkowy[e]
 Germany (GER)
2010–2014
0
0
2
2

text: Ice dancing[edit]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir
 Canada (CAN)
2010–2018
2
1
0
3

Grishuk, OksanaOksana Grishuk / Platov, EvgenyEvgeny Platov
 Russia (RUS)
1994–1998
2
0
0
2

Klimova, MarinaMarina Klimova / Ponomarenko, SergeiSergei Ponomarenko
 Soviet Union (URS)
 Unified Team (EUN)
1984–1992
1
1
1
3

Bestemianova, NataliaNatalia Bestemianova / Bukin, AndreiAndrei Bukin
 Soviet Union (URS)
1984–1988
1
1
0
2

Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White
 United States (USA)
2010–2014
1
1
0
2

Torvill, JayneJayne Torvill / Dean, ChristopherChristopher Dean
 Great Britain (GBR)
1984, 1994
1
0
1
2

Anissina, MarinaMarina Anissina / Peizerat, GwendalGwendal Peizerat
 France (FRA)
1998–2002
1
0
1
2

Usova, MayaMaya Usova / Zhulin, AlexanderAlexander Zhulin
 Unified Team (EUN)
 Russia (RUS)
1992–1994
0
1
1
2

text: Team event[edit]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Bobrova, EkaterinaEkaterina Bobrova / Soloviev, DmitriDmitri Soloviev
 Russia (RUS)
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
2014–2018
1
1
0
2

Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan
Osmond, KaetlynKaetlyn Osmond
Duhamel, MeaganMeagan Duhamel / Radford, EricEric Radford
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir
 Canada (CAN)
2014–2018
1
1
0
2

text: Multiple events[edit]

text: Only three skaters have won Olympic medals in multiple figure skating disciplines. All other multi-event medalists won medals in their discipline plus the team event (which, while being a separate event, is not considered its own skating discipline).

text: Two disciplines[edit]

text: In 1908, Madge Syers became the first skater to medal in multiple figure skating disciplines at a single Olympics. The only skater to match this feat was Ernst Baier in 1936. The only other skater to medal in multiple disciplines was Beatrix Loughran who did so at separate Olympics.

text: No skater has won gold medals in multiple disciplines.

text:
Athlete
Nation
Disciplines
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Baier, ErnstErnst Baier
 Germany (GER)
men's singles

pairs
1936
0

1
1

0
0

0
2

Syers, MadgeMadge Syers
 Great Britain (GBR)
ladies' singles

pairs
1908
1

0
0

0
0

1
2

Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran
 United States (USA)
ladies' singles

pairs
1924–1928

1932
0

0
1

1
1

0
3

text: One discipline plus team event[edit]

text: The team event was introduced at the 2014 Winter Olympics. It allowed skaters to medal twice while skating one discipline.

text: On 9 February 2014, Evgeni Plushenko became the first skater to win multiple figure skating events. On 12 February 2014, Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov became the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics. Four years later, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat.

text: The below table lists all skaters who have medaled in their own discipline and in the team event. (Team event medals are indicated by "T" in the gold, silver, and bronze columns.)

text:
Athlete
Nation
Discipline
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir
 Canada (CAN)
ice dancing
2010–2018
2 + 1T
1 + 1T
0
5

Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko
 Russia (RUS)
men's singles
2002–2014
1 + 1T
2
0
4

Volosozhar, TatianaTatiana Volosozhar / Trankov, MaximMaxim Trankov
 Russia (RUS)
pairs
2014
1 + 1T
0
0
2

Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan
 Canada (CAN)
men's singles
2014–2018
0 + 1T
1 + 1T
0
3

Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White
 United States (USA)
ice dancing
2010–2014
1
1
0 + 1T
3

Duhamel, MeaganMeagan Duhamel / Radford, EricEric Radford
 Canada (CAN)
pairs
2014–2018
0 + 1T
0 + 1T
1
3

Osmond, KaetlynKaetlyn Osmond
 Canada (CAN)
ladies' singles
2014–2018
0 + 1T
0 + 1T
1
3

Stolbova, KseniaKsenia Stolbova / Klimov, FedorFedor Klimov
 Russia (RUS)
pairs
2014
0 + 1T
1
0
2

Zagitova, AlinaAlina Zagitova
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
ladies' singles
2018
1
0 + 1T
0
2

Ilinykh, ElenaElena Ilinykh / Katsalapov, NikitaNikita Katsalapov
 Russia (RUS)
ice dancing
2014
0 + 1T
0
1
2

Medvedeva, EvgeniaEvgenia Medvedeva
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
ladies' singles
2018
0
1 + 1T
0
2

Shibutani, MaiaMaia Shibutani / Shibutani, AlexAlex Shibutani
 United States (USA)
ice dancing
2018
0
0
1 + 1T
2

text: Summer and Winter Games[edit]

text: Since figure skating was held during the Summer Olympic Games in 1908 and 1920 before being moved to the Winter Olympics Games, three skaters medeled in figure skating in both the Summer and Winter Games.

text: Men's singles skater Gillis Grafström's first gold medal was earned at the 1920 Summer Olympics. His other three medals were won at the 1924–1932 Winter Games. Pair skaters Ludowika Jakobsson and Walter Jakobsson also earned gold during the 1920 Summer Olympics. They later medaled at the 1924 Winter Games.

text: Country records[edit]

text: Winning streak[edit]

text: From 1964 to 2006, Russian figure skaters—representing the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, or Russia—won the gold medal in the pairs event, in what is the longest series of victories for one country in one winter event.[7]

text: Events won[edit]

text: Russian figure skaters, counting both Russian Federation (IOC code RUS) and Russian Empire (IOC code RU1), hold the unique record for earning gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events. Since men's special figures was discontinued, this record can not be matched.

text: Russia (IOC code RUS) is the only NOC to have earning gold medals in all five current Olympic figure skating events. Canada has earned gold medals in four of the events (all except men's singles). Great Britain, Unified Team, and United States have earned gold medals in three of the events.

text: Russia and the Unified Team are the only NOCs to have won three events at the same Olympics, at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics respectively. No NOC has won more than three figure skating events at a single Olympics.

text: Podium sweeps[edit]

text: There has been two podium sweeps in Olympic figure skating history. This is when athletes from one NOC win all three medals in a single event.

text:
Games
Event
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1908 London
Men's singles
 Sweden (SWE)
Ulrich Salchow
Richard Johansson
Per Thorén

1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
Men's singles
 United States (USA)
Hayes Alan Jenkins
Ronnie Robertson
David Jenkins

text: Medal totals by country[edit]

text: Men's singles[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 United States (USA)
7
3
5
15

2
 Sweden (SWE)
4
2
1
7

3
 Russia (RUS)
4
2

6

4
 Austria (AUT)
3
3
2
8

5
 Japan (JPN)
2
1
1
4

6
 Great Britain (GBR)
2

2

7
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)
1
1
2
4

8
 Unified Team (EUN)
1

1

 United Team of Germany (EUA)
1

1

10
 Canada (CAN)

5
4
9

11
 Soviet Union (URS)

2
1
3

 Switzerland (SUI)

2
1
3

13
 France (FRA)

1
4
5

14
 Norway (NOR)

1
1
2

15
 East Germany (GDR)

1

1

/ Germany (GER)

1

1

17
 Belgium (BEL)

1
1

 Kazakhstan (KAZ)

1
1

 Spain (ESP)

1
1

text: Men's special figures[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 Russian Empire (RU1)
1

1

2
 Great Britain (GBR)

1
1
2

text: Ladies' singles[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 United States (USA)
7
8
8
23

2
 East Germany (GDR)
3
1
1
5

3
 Norway (NOR)
3

3

4
 Austria (AUT)
2
4
1
7

5
 Great Britain (GBR)
2
1
3
6

6
 Canada (CAN)
1
2
3
6

7
 Japan (JPN)
1
2

3

 Netherlands (NED)
1
2

3

9
 Russia (RUS)
1
1
1
3

 Sweden (SWE)
1
1
1
3

11
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
1
1

2

 South Korea (KOR)
1
1

2

13
 Ukraine (UKR)
1

1

14
/ Germany (GER)

1

1

15
 China (CHN)

2
2

16
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)

1
1

 France (FRA)

1
1

 Italy (ITA)

1
1

 Soviet Union (URS)

1
1

 West Germany (FRG)

1
1

text: Pairs[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 Soviet Union (URS)
7
4
1
12

2
 Russia (RUS)
5
3

8

3
// Germany (GER)
4

3
7

4
 Canada (CAN)
2
2
4
8

5
 Austria (AUT)
2
2
1
5

6
 France (FRA)
2

1
3

7
 China (CHN)
1
3
2
6

8
 Finland (FIN)
1
1

2

 Unified Team (EUN)
1
1

2

10
 Belgium (BEL)
1

1

11
 United States (USA)

3
3
6

12
 United Team of Germany (EUA)

2

2

13
 Hungary (HUN)

1
4
5

14
 East Germany (GDR)

1
3
4

15
 Great Britain (GBR)

1
2
3

16
 Norway (NOR)

1

1

17
 West Germany (FRG)

1
1

text: Ice dancing[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 Russia (RUS)
3
3
2
8

 Soviet Union (URS)
3
3
2
8

3
 Canada (CAN)
2
1
1
4

4
 United States (USA)
1
2
2
5

5
 France (FRA)
1
2
1
4

6
 Unified Team (EUN)
1

1
2

 Great Britain (GBR)
1

1
2

8
 Hungary (HUN)

1

1

9
 Italy (ITA)

1
1

 Ukraine (UKR)

1
1

text: Team event[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 Canada (CAN)
1
1

2

2
 Russia (RUS)
1

1

3
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)

1

1

4
 United States (USA)

2
2

text: Age records[edit]

text:
Title
Age
Name
Nation
Games
Medal
Date of Birth
Date of Event
Event

Youngest female champion
7003560600000000000♠15 years, 128 days
Maxi Herber
 Nazi Germany
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Gold
October 8, 1920
February 13, 1936
Pairs

Youngest female medalist
7003548800000000000♠15 years, 10 days
Manuela Groß
 East Germany
1972 Sapporo
Bronze
January 29, 1957
February 8, 1972
Pairs

Youngest male champion
7003677600000000000♠18 years, 202 days
Dick Button
 United States
1948 St Moritz
Gold
July 18, 1929
February 5, 1948
Men's singles

Youngest male medalist
7003547600000000000♠14 years, 363 days
Scott Allen
 United States
1964 Innsbruck
Bronze
February 8, 1949
February 6, 1964
Men's singles

Oldest female champion
7004130580000000000♠35 years, 276 days
Ludowika Jakobsson
 Finland
1920 Antwerp
Gold
July 25, 1884
April 26, 1920
Pairs

Oldest female medalist
7004144330000000000♠39 years, 190 days
Ludowika Jakobsson
 Finland
1924 Chamonix
Silver
July 25, 1884
January 31, 1924
Pairs

Oldest male champion
7004139580000000000♠38 years, 80 days
Walter Jakobsson
 Finland
1920 Antwerp
Gold
February 6, 1882
April 26, 1920
Pairs

Oldest male medalist
7004166610000000000♠45 years, 225 days
Edgar Syers
 Great Britain
1908 London
Bronze
March 18, 1863
October 29, 1908
Pairs


document_title: Point Roberts, Washington

question_text: why is point roberts not part of canada

question_tokens: why is point roberts not part of canada

text: Point Roberts, Washington

text: History[edit]

text: The first Europeans to see Point Roberts were members of the 1791 expedition of Francisco de Eliza. The maps produced as a result of Eliza's explorations depicted Point Roberts as "Isla de Cepeda" or "Isla de Zepeda."[3][4] In 1792 the British expedition of George Vancouver and the Spanish expedition of Dionisio Alcalá Galiano encountered one another near Point Roberts. In the morning of June 13, 1792, the two ships under Galiano sailed into Boundary Bay and verified that Point Roberts was not an island, which was thus renamed Punta Cepeda. They then sailed around Point Roberts and immediately encountered HMS Chatham, the second ship of Vancouver's expedition. The two parties made contact and soon agreed to share information and work together in mapping the Strait of Georgia.[5] Point Roberts acquired its present name from Vancouver, who named it after his friend Henry Roberts, who had originally been given command of the expedition.[6] Point Roberts assumed its present political status in 1846, when the Oregon Treaty extended the 49th parallel as the boundary between U.S. and British territory from the Rocky Mountains to Georgia Strait.

text: Treaty history specific to Point Roberts[edit]

text: After years of joint occupation of the disputed area between Mexican California and Russian America known as the Oregon Country to the Americans, and as the Columbia District to the British, American expansionists like U.S. Senator Edward A. Hannegan of Indiana urged U.S. President James K. Polk to annex the entire Oregon Country up to latitude 54°40′N, as the Democrats had been elected on the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight".

text: While his government asserted that the title of the United States of America to the entire territory was unquestionable even though there was only one U.S. resident (who was a former Briton) north of the Columbia basin, Polk and Secretary of State James Buchanan made an offer of a boundary at 49 degrees with the line straight across Vancouver Island, with no commercial privilege to be granted to the British south of the line, with the exception of free ports on Vancouver Island. This offer was rejected by the British and withdrawn by the U.S. shortly thereafter.

text: On April 18, 1846, notice was forwarded to London that the U.S. Congress had adopted a joint resolution abrogating the Treaty of 1818 which provided for joint occupancy.

text: The British emissary, Richard Pakenham, had previously been advised that the last concession that could be expected of the United States was in bending the boundary at the 49th parallel around the southern end of Vancouver Island. Fort Victoria was viewed as the future center for settlements on the island. It was deemed necessary around this point in time to give up territory on the Lower Mainland to keep Vancouver Island part of British North America.

text: Lord Aberdeen, British Foreign Secretary, proposed a treaty making the 49th parallel the boundary to the sea, giving the UK the whole of Vancouver Island. The Treaty of Oregon was concluded on June 15, 1846.

text: The acceptance of the 49th parallel as the international boundary was concluded without precise knowledge of the effects that it would ultimately have. Later, as the Boundary Commission was surveying the line, the British government realized that the peninsula of Point Roberts would be an isolated part of the United States. The British Foreign Office instructed Captain James Prevost, the British Boundary Commissioner, to inform his U.S. counterpart of the situation and request that Point Roberts be left to Britain, because of the great inconvenience it would be to the United States. If the American Boundary Commission was reluctant, Prevost was instructed to offer "some equivalent compensation by a slight alteration of the Line of Boundary on the Mainland". It is not known how the U.S. commissioner responded, but Point Roberts became part of the United States.[7]

text: Relationship with Canada[edit]

text: In the 1858 Fraser gold rush, Point Roberts was briefly settled by prospectors from Victoria, BC, attempting to avoid tax collection. Their settlement was called Robert's Town and consisted of six wooden buildings, including a store and saloon, but lasted less than a year.[8]

text: In 1949, there was talk about Point Roberts seceding from the U.S. and joining Canada, but this never happened. In 1973, a drought caused the wells to run dry and created tensions between the U.S. and Canadian residents of Point Roberts. The Americans threatened to cut off the Canadian residents' water supply — and hung up signs saying "Canadians Go Home" — unless the Canadian municipality of Delta agreed to provide water. Eventually an arrangement was made, and an agreement signed on August 28, 1987 whereby the Point Roberts Water District would purchase raw water on an annual basis from the Greater Vancouver Water District.[9] Delta Fire Department also provides assistance to the Point Roberts volunteer fire department when requested, and until 1988, BC Tel (now Telus) provided telephone service.[10]

text: Geography[edit]

text: Point Roberts is a U.S. exclave bordered by Canada and the waters of Boundary Bay. It is 22 miles (35 km) south of Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. Point Roberts is part of the U.S. because it lies south of the 49th parallel, which constitutes the Canada–US border in that area. Other exclaves of this type include the U.S. state of Alaska, parts of Minnesota such as the Northwest Angle and Elm Point, Minnesota, and Province Point, Vermont. Alburgh, Vermont is also separated by land, but is reachable by highway bridge, from the rest of the United States.

text: Point Roberts borders the municipality of Delta in British Columbia. Boundary Bay lies to the east of Point Roberts and the Strait of Georgia to the south and west. The U.S. portion of the peninsula is about 2 miles (3 km) from north to south and about 3 miles (5 km) from east to west. It has an area of 4.884 square miles (12.65 km2).

text: Demographics[edit]

text: As of the 2010 United States Census,[1] there were 1,314 people, 678 households, and 372 families residing in the Point Roberts ZCTA (ZIP Code Tabulation Area). There were 2,068 housing units, only 678 (33%) of which were occupied. The racial makeup of the ZCTA was 91.9% White, 0.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 4.5% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.4% of the population.

text: The age distribution was 16.2% under 20, 3.0% from 20 to 24, 16.2% from 25 to 44, 40.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 52.7 years.

text: The median income for a household in the ZCTA was $58,672; the median income for a family was $75,724; and the per capita income was $39,696.

text: During the summer the population swells to about 4,500, most of the visitors being vacationing Canadians.[10]

text: Point Roberts' population includes descendants of Icelandic immigrants, who first settled there in the 1890s.[11]

text: Education[edit]

text: Point Roberts Primary School, the only school on the Point, provides only kindergarten and first, second and third grades.[12] From fourth grade on, American children must take a 40-minute ride through British Columbia, crossing back into the United States at Blaine, Washington. Canadian children can attend school in Delta, British Columbia.[10]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: The only authorized land access to Canada from Point Roberts is Tyee Drive, a major thoroughfare northward that becomes 56th Street in Canada. Point Roberts also has a small airport (Point Roberts Airpark) and a large marina (Point Roberts Marina Resort) for air and water access; these two point facilities allow direct access to the rest of Washington state without the need to enter Canada.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Many of the area's businesses serve weekend and recreational visitors from Greater Vancouver. Canadians visit for cheaper American gasoline, alcohol, and food when the Canadian dollar is strong; Americans from Point Roberts do the same in Canada. Many Canadians visited its bars and nightclubs on Sundays until Sunday drinking was legalized in British Columbia in 1986.[13] The local post office and several private companies rent many post office boxes to individuals and businesses from the Greater Vancouver area (including the U.S. Consulate in Vancouver), who find it a convenient and fast way to receive mail and parcels from the United States without paying for cross-border shipping costs.[10][14]

text: Because of having to go through the international border twice to get to the rest of the U.S., some have called it "the best gated community in the U.S." [10] Residents enjoy a low crime rate at the cost of a high local security presence[15] and other inconveniences. There is no hospital, doctor, dentist, pharmacist, or veterinarian, and because American health insurers will not pay for treatment given by Canadian providers, Point Roberts residents usually seek emergency medical care in Bellingham, Washington, although Vancouver is closer.[10]

text: Climate[edit]

text: Point Roberts lies within a depression created by Vancouver Island, the north shore mountains surrounding Vancouver, and the North Cascades (including Mount Baker). This micro-climate provides some of the mildest weather in the Pacific Northwest. With annual precipitation of about 1000 mm (40 inches), Point Roberts enjoys more sunny days and a milder climate than its neighbors.

text:
[hide]Climate data for Point Roberts, Washington

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
61
(16)
68
(20)
72
(22)
80
(27)
85
(29)
92
(33)
95
(35)
92
(33)
86
(30)
78
(26)
65
(18)
62
(17)
95
(35)

Average high °F (°C)
43
(6)
48
(9)
52
(11)
58
(14)
64
(18)
69
(21)
72
(22)
72
(22)
67
(19)
58
(14)
49
(9)
43
(6)
58
(14)

Average low °F (°C)
30
(−1)
32
(0)
34
(1)
38
(3)
43
(6)
48
(9)
51
(11)
51
(11)
46
(8)
40
(4)
35
(2)
31
(−1)
40
(4)

Record low °F (°C)
−1
(−18)
−1
(−18)
11
(−12)
22
(−6)
26
(−3)
35
(2)
37
(3)
37
(3)
28
(−2)
19
(−7)
6
(−14)
−1
(−18)
−1
(−18)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
5.32
(135.1)
4.21
(106.9)
3.61
(91.7)
2.85
(72.4)
2.58
(65.5)
2.14
(54.4)
1.49
(37.8)
1.51
(38.4)
1.91
(48.5)
3.74
(95)
6.29
(159.8)
5.79
(147.1)
41.44
(1,052.6)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
3.9
(9.9)
1.9
(4.8)
0.5
(1.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.1
(0.3)
1.1
(2.8)
5.9
(15)
13.4
(34.1)

Source #1: [16]

Source #2: [17]

text: Geology[edit]

text: Beneath Point Roberts, the bedrock of the Chuckanut Formation was deposited as an alluvial plain containing layers of sediments consisting of silt, sand, sand and gravel, and peat. During the last 60 million years the sediments were compacted and folded by mountain building forces resulting from continental drift to form strata of siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate and coal. During recent geologic history, the Chuckanut formation was overridden by four or more glaciations.[18]

text: Point Roberts consists of a series of the resulting glacial sediments resting upon the Chuckanut Formation. The lowest glacial sediments (now near sea level) are from Salmon Springs or older glaciations. At the peak of the most recent glaciation, the main ice sheet was in excess of 7,000 feet thick as it moved southward between Vancouver Island and the Canadian Coast Range and down the Strait of Georgia. A smaller lobe of the continental glacier in excess of 5,000 feet traveled down the Fraser River flood plains merging with the main ice sheet over the greater Vancouver area and Whatcom and Skagit Counties. The coalesced continental ice sheet traveled south terminating in the vicinity of Chehalis, Washington. Relatively impermeable Vashon glacial lodgment till (estimated to be as much as 40 feet thick at the uppermost layer) was plastered over the advance outwash as the weight of the 7,000 foot thick plus Strait of Georgia ice lobe moved southward over approximately 10,000 years. (Armstrong, et. all, 1965) Point Roberts, Tsawwassen, and part of British Columbia extending past English Bluff actually comprised an island at the close of the Vashon Glaciation, approximately 11,000 years ago.

text: As the ice sheets melted, the thinner Fraser Lobe began to float while the Strait of Georgia lobe acted as a dam forming a lake under the Fraser Lobe. Sediments settling from the melting, floating ice resulted in the accumulation of 300 feet or more of Glacial Marine Drift over much of western Whatcom County. (Easterbrook, 1976; Geologic Map of Western Whatcom County, Washington, USGS, Map I-854-B) This Glacial Marine Drift is generally soft and was not consolidated by the weight of the glacier. A discontinuous, thin mantle of this Glacial Marine Drift above the Glacial Lodgment Till has been identified sporadically across Point Roberts. The uppermost layer of glacial sediments consists of recessional sand, silt, and gravel deposited as the Strait of Georgia ice lobe receded. Since the recession of the glaciers, the Fraser River has deposited deltaic sediments on the north and easterly side of the Point Roberts-Tsawwassen Island connecting it to the Greater Vancouver mainland (approximately 2,500 years ago, Murray 2008). At some locations, these sediments have been eroded or removed exposing the lodgment till.

text: Parks and features[edit]

text:
Maple Beach, Washington (NE)
Monument Park (NW)
Lighthouse Marine Park (SW)

Point Roberts Skate Park (Central - recreational open space)
Lily Point Marine Reserve (SE)
Cascadia Marine Trail (S and E)

text: Neighborhoods[edit]

text:
South Beach Estates (beach rights)
Bells Grove
Crystal Waters
Freeman Beach
Lily Point
Maple Beach
Waters Plat
Ocean View Estates
Seabright Farm Cottages

tag: ul

text: Telecommunications[edit]

text: Until 1988, Point Roberts telephone numbers were in British Columbia's area code 604 and served by BCTel, the local telephone company for most of British Columbia. It was served by an exchange for Delta, resulting in the oddity of calls from British Columbia being local calls while calls from Washington and the rest of the United States were billed as international calls. In 1988, Point Roberts was shifted to area code 206, the area code for most of western Washington, using exchange 945—at the expense of losing the ability to make local calls to any other exchange in either country. Along with the rest of Whatcom County, Point Roberts moved to area code 360 in 1995.[19] The local regular-service telecom provider is Whidbey Telecom.[10]

text: Although Point Roberts is nominally part of the Seattle television market, the only over-the-air stations available in the town come from the Metro Vancouver region and Bellingham, Washington. Cable television in Point Roberts is provided by Delta Cable, a subsidiary of Canadian cable company EastLink. Delta Cable offers most major broadcast stations from Vancouver, and some stations from Seattle and Bellingham. Delta Cable also offers a selection of popular American cable networks, but no digital cable service or Canadian specialty channels,[20] as they are not licensed to serve the United States.

text: Both Whidbey Telecom and Delta Cable provide broadband Internet access to residents of Point Roberts. Mobile telephone service is provided by a variety of companies, both American and Canadian.

text: Notable residents[edit]

text: Current

text:
Glen Hanlon, former National Hockey League goaltender and former ice hockey coach.[21]
Michael S. McLean, Emmy award winner and former Hollywood director, editor and producer.[22]
Ross Douglas, songwriter, musician and actor.[23]

text: Past

text:
Alexander Mogilny, former National Hockey League forward.
Pavel Bure, former National Hockey League forward.
Dave Nonis, National Hockey League former Senior Vice President and General Manager with the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Margaret Laurence, Canadian novelist and short story writer.
John Tortorella, former ice hockey coach with Vancouver Canucks.[24]
Kekuta Manneh, Gambian-born soccer player formerly of Vancouver Whitecaps FC. He was adopted by an American family and lived in Point Roberts to fulfill his residency requirements for his American citizenship he received in September 2016.[25]


document_title: Riverdale (2017 TV series)

question_text: what are all riverdale episode titles based on

text: Riverdale (2017 TV series)

text: Premise

text: The series follows Archie Andrews' life in the small town of Riverdale and explores the darkness hidden behind its seemingly perfect image.[1]

text: Cast and characters

text:
KJ Apa as Archibald "Archie" Andrews: A high school football player who has a passion for music. He is best friends with Jughead Jones and Betty Cooper.[2]
Lili Reinhart as Elizabeth "Betty" Cooper: A smart girl with a longtime crush on Archie, she becomes friends with Veronica Lodge to help upend her perfect life.[3]
Camila Mendes as Veronica Lodge: A former socialite from New York who moves to Riverdale and becomes friends with Archie and Betty.[4]
Cole Sprouse as Forsythe "Jughead" Jones III: A philosophically inclined social outcast who is Archie's best friend.[3]
Marisol Nichols as Hermione Lodge: Veronica's mother, who has returned to Riverdale with her daughter following the incarceration of her husband Hiram Lodge.[5]
Madelaine Petsch as Cheryl Blossom: A wealthy, entitled, and manipulative girl who is a classmate of Archie and his friends.[6]
Ashleigh Murray as Josephine "Josie" McCoy: The lead singer of Josie and the Pussycats and a classmate of Archie and his friends.[2]
Mädchen Amick as Alice Cooper: Betty and Polly's mother, who is the editor of the local paper.[7]
Luke Perry as Frederick "Fred" Andrews: Archie's father, who owns a construction company.[8]
Mark Consuelos as Hiram Lodge: Veronica's father, who was recently incarcerated for illegal activities. Consuelos joined the cast for the second season after his character was only mentioned by name in season one.[9]
Casey Cott as Kevin Keller: An openly gay high school student who is friends with Archie, Betty and Veronica and is the son of Riverdale's sheriff. Cott was promoted to series regular in the second season.[10]
Skeet Ulrich as Forsythe "F.P." Jones II: Jughead's estranged father and the leader of the Southside Serpents, a gang of criminals that live and operate on the fringes of Riverdale.[11][12] Ulrich was promoted to series regular in the second season.[13]

text: Episodes

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedNielsen ratingsFirst airedLast airedRankAverage viewers(in millions inc. DVR)113January 26, 2017 (2017-01-26)May 11, 2017 (2017-05-11)1541.69[14]222October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)May 16, 2018 (2018-05-16)1732.11[15]3TBAOctober 10, 2018 (2018-10-10)[16]TBATBATBA

text: Production

text: Development

text: Warner Bros. began development on an Archie feature film in 2013, after a pitch from writer Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and director Jason Moore that would place Archie's gang into a teen comedy feature film in the John Hughes tradition.[17] The duo brought the project to Warner Bros., where a VP recommended a more high-concept direction involving time travel or interdimensional portals, suggesting Louis C. K. to portray an older Archie.[18] Dan Lin and Roy Lee became producers on the project, which eventually stalled as priorities shifted at the studio towards larger tentpole films and was reimagined as a television series.[17] Riverdale was originally in development at Fox, with the network landing the project in 2014 with a script deal plus penalty.[19] However, Fox did not go forward with the project. In 2015, the show's development was moved to The CW,[20] which officially ordered a pilot on January 29, 2016.[21] On March 7, 2017, The CW announced that the series had been renewed for a second season.[22] On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which is set to premiere October 10, 2018.[16][23]

text: Casting

text: Casting Archie was a difficult process, with Aguirre-Sacasa stating "I think we literally saw every redheaded young guy in L.A. It certainly felt that way."[24] The production team found KJ Apa just three days before they had to present screen tests to the network, which created tension in the last few days leading up to the studio presentation.[24]

text: In April 2017, it was announced Mark Consuelos had signed on for the second season to play Veronica Lodge's father, Hiram Lodge.[25] The role was in second position to his existing role on Pitch but the cancellation of that series was announced on May 1, 2017.[26] The next month, it was announced Charles Melton was cast to take over the role of Reggie from Ross Butler in season 2 due to his status as a series regular on 13 Reasons Why.[27] It was also announced that Casey Cott, who played Kevin Keller, was promoted to a series regular.[28] In July 2017, it was announced that True Blood star Brit Morgan had been cast in the recurring role of Penny Peabody, an attorney the Southside Serpents call in case of any run-ins with the law.[29] In August 2017, it was announced Graham Phillips had been cast to play Nick St. Clair, Veronica's ex-boyfriend from New York.[30][31]

text: In March 2018, Andy Cohen appeared in the sixteenth episode of the second season as himself. In the series, he and Hermione are friends. He previously offered her a role as a cast member on The Real Housewives of New York City; however, Hermione turned down the offer to keep things private for the Lodge family.[32]

text: In May 2018, it was announced that Charles Melton and Vanessa Morgan, who play Reggie Mantle and Toni Topaz, respectively, would both be promoted to series regulars in the third season.[33]

text: Filming

text: Filming of the pilot began on March 14, 2016, and ended on April 1 in Vancouver, British Columbia.[34][35] Production on the remaining 12 episodes of season one began on September 7, 2016, in Vancouver.[36] Sets include Pop Tate's Chock'lit Shoppe, a copy of the functioning diner used in the pilot that is so realistic a truck driver parked his 18-wheeler there, believing that it was open.[37] Season two was also filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley.[38] The aerial view of Riverdale is actually drawn from stock footage used in the series Pretty Little Liars, Gilmore Girls, and the landmark setting are the same utilized in both of the aforementioned series as well as in Hart of Dixie.[39] Filming for the second season started on June 22, 2017,[40] and concluded on March 27, 2018.[41] Filming for the third season started on July 6, 2018.[42]

text: Homages to other films and TV series

text: Several reviewers had noted that the series' episode titles are often taken directly or slightly altered from the titles of older films.[43][44] For example, De Elizabeth of TeenVogue points out that Riverdale's pilot episode was named "River's Edge" after the 1986 film of the same name, and the season finale also takes its name from 1997's The Sweet Hereafter.[45] Executive producer Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa notes that this is a deliberate choice, in order to hint at what will happen in that episode.[45] References to the fictional setting of the Black Mirror episode "San Junipero" can be seen in viewed in season one as well as heard amongst dialogue in season two.[46]

text: Additionally, Katie-Kouise Smith, of Popbuzz, notes that the opening credits for Riverdale mirror those of the Twin Peaks television series, and are intended as an homage to that series' co-creator, David Lynch.[39]

text: Music

text: Musical performances are featured throughout the series, a blend of cover versions and originals. Songs performed in episodes are released as digital singles after broadcast; WaterTower Music released a digital compilation of the season 1 songs on May 12, 2017.[47]

text: An album of Blake Neely's scoring for season 1 was released on compact disc by La-La Land Records and simultaneously on download by WaterTower Music on July 18, 2017.[48]

text: WaterTower Music released the songs performed in the musical episode in a separate digital album on April 19, 2018.[49] A vinyl edition will be released at Urban Outfitters stores on July 13, 2018.[50]

text: Season 1

text: showRiverdale: Season 1 (Original Television Soundtrack)[51]No.TitleArtist(s)Length1."The Song That Everyone Sings"KJ Apa3:462."Fear Nothing"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield and Hayley Law2:373."All Through The Night"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield and Hayley Law2:374."Dance Dance Dance"KJ Apa1:005."Candy Girl (Sugar Sugar)" (Cover of the Inner Circle version feat. Flo Rida; full-length version, Petsch is not heard on the aired version.)Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield, Hayley Law and Madelaine Petsch2:196."I Feel Love"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield, Hayley Law and Camila Mendes3:117."I'll Try"KJ Apa3:158."I Got You"KJ Apa and Hayley Law3:329."Kids in America"KJ Apa and Camila Mendes2:5510."Our Fair Riverdale"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield, Hayley Law1:1911."Astronaut"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield, Hayley Law and Camila Mendes3:2812."These Are the Moments I Remember"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield, Hayley Law, Camila Mendes and KJ Apa2:58

text: showRiverdale: Season 1 (Original Television Score)[52]No.TitleArtist(s)Length1."Riverdale"Blake Neely2:582."If You Love Me"Blake Neely2:063."Viral Gossip in Town"Blake Neely3:084."Everyone a Suspect"Blake Neely2:335."Receiving the Jersey"Blake Neely1:566."Doubts and Accusations"Blake Neely2:247."All is OK With Milkshakes"Blake Neely2:488."Long Reach"Blake Neely3:479."Ended Up Drowning"Blake Neely4:1110."Irreconcilable"Blake Neely3:2511."So Many Questions"Blake Neely2:4212."A Gift / Forced to Leave"Blake Neely3:2313."Not Making the Play"Blake Neely3:2514."Overwhelming Evidence"Blake Neely3:5315."Realizations"Blake Neely2:0216."Do You Feel Guilty?"Blake Neely2:3817."Into the Woods"Blake Neely3:2118."Name of the Game"Blake Neely3:3819."Angry and Vulnerable Girls"Blake Neely2:5220."Results of the Father"Blake Neely4:3921."Your Father Was Arrested"Blake Neely2:4422."The Recording"Blake Neely4:1223."Oh, Mommy!"Blake Neely3:5124."What Floats Beneath"Blake Neely3:2925."Never Safe"Blake Neely1:59

text: Season 2

text: showRiverdale: Season 2 (Original Television Soundtrack)[53]No.TitleArtist(s)Length1."Milkshake"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield and Madelaine Petsch2:562."Out Tonight"Ashleigh Murray, Asha Bromfield, Hayley Law and Camila Mendes3:473."Spooky"Ashleigh Murray2:404."Mad World"KJ Apa, Camila Mendes and Lili Reinhart3:085."God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen"Ashleigh Murray and Casey Cott2:106."Union of the Snake"Camila Mendes, Asha Bromfield and Hayley Law2:437."Bitter Sweet Symphony"Ashleigh Murray and Camila Mendes4:058."Sufferin' Till Suffrage"Ashleigh Murray and Camila Mendes1:429."You'll Never Walk Alone"Madelaine Petsch1:50

text: Release

text:
Season

DVD and Blu-ray release dates

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

1

August 15, 2017[54]

August 14, 2017[55]

October 10, 2017[56]

2

August 7, 2018[57]

August 20, 2018[58]

TBA

text: Broadcast

text: Netflix acquired the exclusive international broadcast rights to Riverdale,[59] making the series available as an original series to its platform less than a day after its original U.S. broadcast.[60]

text: Marketing

text: In July 2016, members of the cast and the executive producers attended San Diego Comic-Con to promote the upcoming series, where they premiered the first episode "Chapter One: The River's Edge".[61] The first trailer for the series was released in early December 2016.[62] The CW also sponsored multiple Tastemade videos, where they cooked several foods that are popular in the Archie universe.[63][64][65]

text: Comic-book adaptation

text: Along with heavily promoting the TV series in their regular comics since January 2017, Archie Comics are planning to release a comic book adaptation of Riverdale, featuring auxiliary story arcs set within the television series' own continuity. The comic book adaptation is being headed by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa himself, along with various other writers from the show. Alongside a one-shot pilot issue, illustrated by Alitha Martinez, released in March 2017,[66] the first issue of the ongoing Riverdale comic book series was set to release starting April 2017.[67]

text: In addition to the adaptation, Archie Comics are releasing a series of compilation graphic novels branded under the title Road to Riverdale. This series features early issues from the New Riverdale reboot line, introducing the audience of the TV series to the regular ongoing comic series that inspired it. Archie Comics plans to re-print the volumes of Road to Riverdale in subsequent months as digest magazines. The first volume was released in March 2017.[67]

text: Reception

text: Critical response

text:
Season

Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes

Metacritic

1

88% (61 reviews)

68 (36 reviews)

2

87% (13 reviews)

TBD

text: The first season of Riverdale received a generally positive response from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a fresh rating of 88% based on 61 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.27/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Riverdale offers an amusingly self-aware reimagining of its classic source material that proves eerie, odd, daring, and above all addictive."[68] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 68 out of 100 based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[69] Dave Nemetz of TVLine gave the series a "B+" saying that it turned, "out to be an artfully crafted, instantly engaging teen soap with loads of potential."[70]

text: Some writers have criticized the series for its handling of minority characters. While reviewing the first season, Kadeen Griffiths of Bustle declared "the show marginalizes and ignores the [people of color] in the cast to the point where they may as well not be there."[71] In an article for Vulture, Angelica Jade Bastien discussed the show's treatment of Josie and the Pussycats (who are each played by African Americans), noting, "They're not characters so much as they are a vehicle for a Message. Josie and her fellow pussycats are positioned to communicate the message that Riverdale is more modern and inclusive than teen dramas of the past, even though it has yet to prove it beyond its casting."[72] Monique Jones of Ebony noted, "Despite the show's multi-racial casting choices, it seems like Riverdale is still a mostly white town." She also expressed fondness for the relationship between Archie Andrews and Valerie Brown, but declared "Archie shouldn't be what makes Valerie interesting to us".[73]

text: Ratings

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)
18–49 rating(average)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Thursday 9:00 pm

13

January 26, 2017 (2017-01-26)

1.38[74]

May 11, 2017 (2017-05-11)

0.96[75]
2016–17
154
1.69
0.7/2[14]

2
Wednesday 8:00 pm

22

October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)

2.34[76]

May 16, 2018 (2018-05-16)

1.28[77]
2017–18
173
2.12
0.8[78]

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

2017

Saturn Awards

Best Action-Thriller Television Series

Riverdale

Won

[79]

Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series

KJ Apa

Nominated

Breakthrough Performance

KJ Apa

Won

[80]

Leo Awards

Best Production Design in a Dramatic Series

Tyler Harron for "Pilot - Chapter 1"

Nominated

[81]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Breakout TV Show

Riverdale

Won

[82]

Choice Breakout TV Star

KJ Apa

Nominated

Lili Reinhart

Won

Choice Drama TV Actor

Cole Sprouse

Won

Choice Drama TV Show

Riverdale

Won

Choice Hissy Fit

Madelaine Petsch

Won

Choice Scene Stealer

Camila Mendes

Won

Choice TV Ship

Lili Reinhart and Cole Sprouse

Won

2018

Dorian Awards

Campy TV Show of the Year

Riverdale

Nominated

[83]

Saturn Awards

Best Action-Thriller Television Series

Riverdale

Nominated

[84]

Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series

KJ Apa

Nominated

Lili Reinhart

Nominated

Cole Sprouse

Nominated

MTV Movie & TV Awards

Show of the Year

Riverdale

Nominated

[85]

Best Kiss

KJ Apa and Camila Mendes

Nominated

Scene Stealer

Madelaine Petsch

Won

Best Musical Moment

Riverdale

Nominated

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Drama TV Show

Riverdale

Won

[86]

Choice Drama TV Actor

KJ Apa

Nominated

Cole Sprouse

Won

Choice Drama TV Actress

Camila Mendes

Nominated

Lili Reinhart

Won

Choice TV Villain

Mark Consuelos

Won

Choice Breakout TV Star

Vanessa Morgan

Won

Choice TV Ship

Lili Reinhart and Cole Sprouse

Won

KJ Apa and Camilla Mendes

Nominated

Choice Liplock

Cole Sprouse and Lili Reinhart

Won

Choice Hissy Fit

Madelaine Petsch

Won

Choice Scene Stealer

Vanessa Morgan

Won

text: Spin-offs

text: Chilling Adventures of Sabrina

text: In September 2017, it was reported that a live-action television series based on the comic series Chilling Adventures of Sabrina was being developed for The CW by Warner Bros. Television and Berlanti Productions, with a planned release in the 2018–2019 television season. The series, featuring the Archie Comics character Sabrina the Teenage Witch, would be a companion series to Riverdale. Lee Toland Krieger directed the pilot, which was written by Aguirre-Sacasa. Both are executive producers along with Berlanti, Schechter, and Goldwater.[87] In December 2017, it was reported that the project had moved to Netflix under a yet-to-be-announced new title. Two seasons, comprising ten episodes each, were ordered by the streaming service.[88] In January 2018, it was announced that the lead role of Sabrina Spellman would be portrayed by Kiernan Shipka,[89] and CW president Mark Pedowitz noted that, "at the moment, there is no discussion about crossing over" with Riverdale.[90] Aguirre-Sacasa added that no crossovers were planned initially so that each series could establish "their own identities and own set of rules".[91] Filming for first season began on March 19, 2018, just as filming of the second season of Riverdale concluded, which allowed the same crew members to work on both series.[92] It is expected to film back-to-back with the second season.[93]

text: Other

text: In August 2018, Aguirre-Sacasa revealed that another spin-off was in the works at The CW. He said that the potential spin-off would be "very different from Riverdale" and that it would be produced "in this development cycle."[91]


document_title: Survivalism (song)

question_text: who sang backing vocals on the nine inch nails song survivalism

text: Survivalism (song)

text: Music video[edit]

text: Nine Inch Nails was scheduled to begin shooting a video for "Survivalism" on February 5, 2007, in the Los Angeles area.[7] It was directed by Alex Lieu, Rob Sheridan, and Trent Reznor.

text: The video was circulated on the Internet on March 7, 2007, when Nine Inch Nails played the Carling Academy Brixton in London, England. USB pen drives containing low and high resolution versions of the video were found at different locations in the venue by concert-goers.

text: The video consists of a series of images from a console of secret cameras installed in an apartment block. As the camera moves between the footage, viewers are able to see into the lives of a number of residents, including:

text:
A catatonic older couple watching television with a portrait of Jesus behind them.
A man looking after his drugged spouse (and in one scene possibly dripping or injecting the fictional drug "opal" in her eyes).
Two men having sexual intercourse in bed. (Covered by the US Bureau of Morality image in the TV edit.)
A topless woman applying make-up in a bathroom. (Covered by the US Bureau of Morality image in the TV edit.)
A man sitting at a table staring at his food.
Three men in a shop (and later in an alley) working with stencils.
A man in his cubicle surfing the Internet on his Apple laptop computer.
A band (portrayed by Nine Inch Nails) performing the song in a room.

text: There are also cameras directed at hallways and stairs inside the apartment block. After about a minute, these screens show a SWAT team armed with submachine guns assembling outside. They enter in formation, and eventually break down a door (on which the letters "REV 18 3–4" are stenciled, a reference to a passage in the Bible) and enter the apartment where a band is playing. The noise disturbs all the residents, who momentarily stop what they are doing and move off to investigate, then return to their activities. At this point, a number of cameras have been turned off and show static. The band is no longer in their room. It has been torn asunder and a large smear of blood is visible on the floor. The final shot shows a bleeding corpse being dragged around a corner and out of sight.

text: The Bible passage referenced by the door is from the Book of Revelation, a passage describing the fallen city-nation of Babylon and how she has been corrupted by luxury and adultery, and how people are being called to leave this whorish nation behind and not share in her immorality to keep from sharing in her judgement. (see here)

text: The time code in the monitor sometimes changes the last digit for a letter. This eventually spells out "THE_TURNEDTO_". In addition, several Bible verses that reference water and blood are shown throughout the video. "Isaiah 15:9" on the graffiti wall, "John 19:34" on the picture of Jesus behind the couple, and "II Kings 3:22" and "Exodus 7:21" in the board behind the man with the laptop. This led to the discovery of the Year Zero website, which was a collage of a hand picking a man up out of the wreckage of a crumbling bridge, claimed to be drawn by a prison inmate. There are various biblical quotations surrounding the drawing, and capital letters (un-capitalized letters in the second paragraph) align to form the word "francesca" once in the first paragraph, and twice in the second. Francesca has two documented meanings; 'free', and 'from Franconia' or 'from France'.

text: The music video is available for download (both the lo-res and hi-res version) at the album's website.

text: At the end of 2007, Rolling Stone readers voted the video as the best music video of year.[8]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: "Survivalism" had 501 plays and debuted at number 28 on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in the week of February 23, 2007. It eventually climbed to number one for one week, becoming NIN's fourth consecutive number one single (as well as their most recent),[9] and debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100.[10] Since Linkin Park's enormously more successful "What I've Done" single debuted at number one and replaced "Survivalism"'s position, the song however had fallen drastically after one week at number one, almost dropping off the top 20 of the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart within just one month. The song dropped from number 7 to number 19 during the week of May 12, 2007, proceeded to fall to number 26 during the week of May 19, 2007, then hit number 37 in the week of May 26, 2007, leading the song to stay on the chart for only 13 weeks, a disappointment as a few other notable songs, despite not reaching number one on the chart, stayed in the top 20 for longer, such as Breaking Benjamin's "Breath" (number 3), Papa Roach's "Forever" (number 2), Incubus's "Dig" (number 4), and Rise Against's "Prayer of the Refugee" (number 7) ("Breath" stayed on the chart for 39 weeks). "Survivalism" debuted at number two on the UK Rock Singles Chart[11] and at number 29 on the UK Singles Chart.[12][13] The song is Nine Inch Nails' fourth consecutive top ten single on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart.[14]

text: The single debuted at number one on the Canadian Singles Chart (the only time a Nine Inch Nails single debuted at the top of a chart), a position which it maintained for six weeks.[15]

text: Formats and track listings[edit]

text:
Promo CD

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Survivalism" (LP version)
4:22

2.
"Survivalism" (edit)
4:22

text:
iTunes single (Halo 23i)

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Survivalism"
4:22

text:
UK / international 2-track

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Survivalism"
4:22

2.
"Survivalism_Tardusted"
4:19

text:
International CD maxi

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Survivalism"
4:22

2.
"Survivalism_Tardusted"
4:19

3.
"The Greater Good" (Instrumental)
5:03

4.
"Survivalism" (Video)

text:
UK 9" vinyl

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Survivalism"
4:22

2.
"Survivalism_OpalHeartClinic_Niggy_Tardust! (Escaped…"
4:18

text: Credits and personnel[edit]

text: "Survivalism"[edit]

text:
Trent Reznor – lyrics, performance, and production
Atticus Ross – production
Thavius Beck – production on "Tardusted" and "OpalHeartClinic_Niggy_Tardust!(Escaped..." remixes
Saul Williams – backing vocals[16]

text: Music video[edit]

text:
Trent Reznor – co-director
Susan Bonds – co-director
Alex Lieu – co-director
Rob Sheridan – co-director
Eric Wycoff – director of photography

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2008)
Peak
position

Austria Singles Chart[17]
63

Canadian Singles Chart
1

Denmark Singles Chart[18]
15

Finland Singles Chart[19]
7

Spain Singles Chart[20]
2

UK Singles Chart[21]
29

U.S Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks[22]
14

U.S Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks[22]
1

U.S Billboard Hot 100[22]
68

U.S Billboard Pop 100[22]
66