document_title: End of World War II in Europe

question_text: when did world war 2 in europe end

question_tokens: when did world war 2 in europe end

text: End of World War II in Europe

text: Timeline of surrenders and deaths[edit]

text: Allied forces begin to take large numbers of Axis prisoners: The total number of prisoners taken on the Western Front in April 1945 by the Western Allies was 1,500,000.[1] April also witnessed the capture of at least 120,000 German troops by the Western Allies in the last campaign of the war in Italy.[2] In the three to four months up to the end of April, over 800,000 German soldiers surrendered on the Eastern Front.[2] In early April, the first Allied-governed Rheinwiesenlagers were established in western Germany to hold hundreds of thousands of captured or surrendered Axis Forces personnel. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) reclassified all prisoners as Disarmed Enemy Forces, not POWs (prisoners of war). The legal fiction circumvented provisions under the Geneva Convention of 1929 on the treatment of former combatants.[3] By October, thousands had died in the camps from starvation, exposure and disease.[4]

text: Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps and refugees: Allied forces began to discover the scale of the Holocaust. The advance into Germany uncovered numerous Nazi concentration camps and forced labor facilities. Up to 60,000 prisoners were at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated on 15 April 1945, by the British 11th Armoured Division.[5] Four days later troops from the American 42nd Infantry Division found Dachau.[6] Allied troops forced the remaining SS guards to gather up the corpses and place them in mass graves.[7] Due to the prisoners' poor physical condition, thousands continued to die after liberation.[8] Captured SS guards were subsequently tried at Allied war crimes tribunals where many were sentenced to death.[9] However, up to 10,000 Nazi war criminals eventually fled Europe using ratlines such as ODESSA.[10]

text: German forces leave Finland: On 25 April 1945, the last German formations withdrew from Finnish Lapland into occupied Norway. On 27 April 1945, the Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn photograph was taken.[11]

text: Mussolini's death: On 25 April 1945, Italian partisans liberated Milan and Turin. On 27 April 1945, as Allied forces closed in on Milan, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans. It is disputed whether he was trying to flee from Italy to Switzerland (through the Splügen Pass), and was traveling with a German anti-aircraft battalion. On 28 April, Mussolini was executed in Giulino (a civil parish of Mezzegra); the other Fascists captured with him were taken to Dongo and executed there. The bodies were then taken to Milan and hung up on the Piazzale Loreto of the city. On 29 April, Rodolfo Graziani surrendered all Fascist Italian armed forces at Caserta. This included Army Group Liguria. Graziani was the Minister of Defence for Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

text: Hitler's death: On 30 April, as the Battle of Nuremberg and the Battle of Hamburg ended with American and British occupation, in addition to the Battle of Berlin raging above him with the Soviets surrounding the city, along with his escape route cut off by the Americans, realizing that all was lost and not wishing to suffer Mussolini's fate, German dictator Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Führerbunker along with Eva Braun, his long-term partner whom he had married less than 40 hours before their joint suicide.[12] In his will, Hitler dismissed Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, his second-in-command and Interior minister Heinrich Himmler after each of them separately tried to seize control of the crumbling Third Reich. Hitler appointed his successors as follows; Großadmiral Karl Dönitz as the new Reichspräsident ("President of Germany") and Joseph Goebbels as the new Reichskanzler (Chancellor of Germany). However, Goebbels committed suicide the following day, leaving Dönitz as the sole leader of Germany.

text: German forces in Italy surrender: On 29 April, the day before Hitler died, Oberstleutnant Schweinitz and Sturmbannführer Wenner, plenipotentiaries for Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff and SS Obergruppenführer Karl Wolff, signed a surrender document at Caserta[13] after prolonged unauthorised secret negotiations with the Western Allies, which were viewed with great suspicion by the Soviet Union as trying to reach a separate peace. In the document, the Germans agreed to a ceasefire and surrender of all the forces under the command of Vietinghoff at 2pm on 2 May. Accordingly, after some bitter wrangling between Wolff and Albert Kesselring in the early hours of 2 May, nearly 1,000,000 men in Italy and Austria surrendered unconditionally to British Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander at 2pm on 2 May.[14]

text: German forces in Berlin surrender: The Battle of Berlin ended on 2 May. On that date, General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling, the commander of the Berlin Defense Area, unconditionally surrendered the city to General Vasily Chuikov of the Soviet army.[15] On the same day the officers commanding the two armies of Army Group Vistula north of Berlin, (General Kurt von Tippelskirch, commander of the German 21st Army and General Hasso von Manteuffel, commander of Third Panzer Army), surrendered to the Western Allies.[16] 2 May is also believed to have been the day when Hitler's deputy Martin Bormann died, from the account of Artur Axmann who saw Bormann's corpse in Berlin near the Lehrter Bahnhof railway station after encountering a Soviet Red Army patrol.[17] Lehrter Bahnhof is close to where the remains of Bormann, confirmed as his by a DNA test in 1998,[18] were unearthed on 7 December 1972.

text:
German forces in North West Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands surrender: On 4 May 1945, the British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery took the unconditional military surrender at Lüneburg from Generaladmiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, and General Eberhard Kinzel, of all German forces "in Holland [sic], in northwest Germany including the Frisian Islands and Heligoland and all other islands, in Schleswig-Holstein, and in Denmark… includ[ing] all naval ships in these areas",[19][20] at the Timeloberg on Lüneburg Heath; an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen. The number of German land, sea and air forces involved in this surrender amounted to 1,000,000 men.[21] On 5 May, Großadmiral Dönitz ordered all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.
At 16:00, General Johannes Blaskowitz, the German commander-in-chief in the Netherlands, surrendered to Canadian General Charles Foulkes in the Dutch town of Wageningen in the presence of Prince Bernhard (acting as commander-in-chief of the Dutch Interior Forces).[22][23]

text: German forces in Bavaria surrender: At 14:30 on 4 May 1945, General Hermann Foertsch surrendered all forces between the Bohemian mountains and the Upper Inn river to the American General Jacob L. Devers, commander of the American 6th Army Group.

text: Central Europe: On 5 May 1945, the Czech resistance started the Prague uprising. The following day, the Soviets launched the Prague Offensive. In Dresden, Gauleiter Martin Mutschmann let it be known that a large-scale German offensive on the Eastern Front was about to be launched. Within two days, Mutschmann abandoned the city, but was captured by Soviet troops while trying to escape.[24]

text: Hermann Göring's surrender: On 6 May, Reichsmarshall and Hitler's second-in-command, Hermann Göring, surrendered to General Carl Spaatz, who was the commander of the operational United States Air Forces in Europe, along with his wife and daughter at the Germany-Austria border. He was by this time the most powerful Nazi official still alive.

text: German forces in Breslau surrender: At 18:00 on 6 May, General Hermann Niehoff, the commandant of Breslau, a 'fortress' city surrounded and besieged for months, surrendered to the Soviets.[23]

text: Jodl and Keitel surrender all German armed forces unconditionally: Thirty minutes after the fall of "Festung Breslau" (Fortress Breslau), General Alfred Jodl arrived in Reims and, following Dönitz's instructions, offered to surrender all forces fighting the Western Allies. This was exactly the same negotiating position that von Friedeburg had initially made to Montgomery, and like Montgomery the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, threatened to break off all negotiations unless the Germans agreed to a complete unconditional surrender to all the Allies on all fronts.[25] Eisenhower explicitly told Jodl that he would order western lines closed to German soldiers, thus forcing them to surrender to the Soviets.[25] Jodl sent a signal to Dönitz, who was in Flensburg, informing him of Eisenhower's declaration. Shortly after midnight, Dönitz, accepting the inevitable, sent a signal to Jodl authorizing the complete and total surrender of all German forces.[23][25]

text: At 02:41 on the morning of 7 May, at SHAEF headquarters in Reims, France, the Chief-of-Staff of the German Armed Forces High Command, General Alfred Jodl, signed an unconditional surrender document for all German forces to the Allies, committing representatives of the German High Command to attend a definitive signing ceremony in Berlin. General Franz Böhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway on 7 May. It included the phrase "All forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European Time on May 8, 1945."[19][26] The next day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel and other German OKW representatives travelled to Berlin, and shortly before midnight signed an amended and definitive document of unconditional surrender, explicitly surrendering to all the Allied forces in the presence of Marshal Georgi Zhukov and representatives of SHAEF.[27] The signing ceremony took place in a former German Army Engineering School in the Berlin district of Karlshorst; it now houses the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst.

text: German forces on the Channel Islands surrender: At 10:00 on 8 May, the Channel Islanders were informed by the German authorities that the war was over. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a radio broadcast at 15:00 during which he announced: "Hostilities will end officially at one minute after midnight tonight, but in the interests of saving lives the 'Cease fire' began yesterday to be sounded all along the front, and our dear Channel Islands are also to be freed today."[28][26]

text: VE-Day: News of the imminent surrender broke in the West on 8 May, and celebrations erupted throughout Europe and parts of the British Empire. In the US, Americans awoke to the news and declared 8 May V-E Day. As the Soviet Union was to the east of Germany it was 9 May Moscow Time when the German military surrender became effective, which is why Russia and many other European countries east of Germany commemorate Victory Day on 9 May.

text: German units cease fire: Although the military commanders of most German forces obeyed the order to surrender issued by the (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW)—the German Armed Forces High Command), not all commanders did so. The largest contingent were Army Group Centre under the command of Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner who had been promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Army on 30 April in Hitler's last will and testament. On 8 May, Schörner deserted his command and flew to Austria; the Soviet Army sent overwhelming force against Army Group Centre in the Prague Offensive, forcing German units in Army Group Centre to capitulate by 11 May. The other forces which did not surrender on 8 May surrendered piecemeal:

text:
The Second Army, under the command of General von Saucken, on the Heiligenbeil and Danzig beachheads, on the Hel Peninsula in the Vistula delta surrendered on 9 May, as did the forces on the Greek islands; and the garrisons of the last Atlantic pockets in France, in Saint-Nazaire, La Rochelle (after the Allied siege), and Lorient.
Battle of Slivice, the last battle in Czechoslovakia, on 12 May
On 13 May, the Red Army halted all offensives in Europe. Isolated pockets of resistance in Czechoslovakia were mopped up by this date.

People gathered in Whitehall to hear Winston Churchill's victory speech, 8 May 1945

The garrison on Alderney, one of the Channel Islands occupied by the Germans, surrendered on 16 May, one week after the garrisons on Guernsey and Jersey had surrendered on 9 May and those on Sark on 10 May.
The Georgian Uprising of Texel (5 April – 20 May) was Europe's last battlefield in World War II. It was fought between Georgian Nazi-collaborationist army units on Texel against the German occupiers of that Dutch island.
Another military engagement took place in Yugoslavia (today's Slovenia), on 14 and 15 May, known as the Battle of Poljana.
Last battle in Europe, Battle of Odžak between Yugoslav partisans and NDH forces, concludes on 25 of May . The remaining NDH soldiers escape to the forest.
A small group of German soldiers deployed on Svalbard in Operation Haudegen to establish and man a weather station there lost radio contact in May 1945; they surrendered to some Norwegian seal hunters on 4 September, two days after the Surrender of Japan.

text: Dönitz government ordered dissolved by Eisenhower: Karl Dönitz continued to act as if he were the German head of state, but his Flensburg government (so-called because it was based at Flensburg in northern Germany and controlled only a small area around the town), was not recognized by the Allies. On 12 May an Allied liaison team arrived in Flensburg and took quarters aboard the passenger ship Patria. The liaison officers and the Supreme Allied Headquarters soon realized that they had no need to act through the Flensburg government and that its members should be arrested. On 23 May, acting on SHAEF's orders and with the approval of the Soviets, American Major General Rooks summoned Dönitz aboard the Patria and communicated to him that he and all the members of his Government were under arrest, and that their government was dissolved. The Allies had a problem, because they realized that although the German armed forces had surrendered unconditionally, SHAEF had failed to use the document created by the "European Advisory Commission" (EAC) and so there had been no formal surrender by the civilian German government. This was considered a very important issue, because just as the civilian, but not military, surrender in 1918 had been used by Hitler to create the "stab in the back" argument, the Allies did not want to give any future hostile German regime a legal argument to resurrect an old quarrel.

text: Order JCS 1067 was signed into effect by President Harry S. Truman on 10 May 1945. This was part of the post-war economic plan that advocated how the Allied occupation would include measures to prevent Germany from waging further war by eliminating its armament industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries required for military strength. This included the removal or destruction of all industrial plants and equipment in the Ruhr.[29] In 1947, JCS 1067 was replaced by JCS 1779 that aimed at restoring a "stable and productive Germany"; this led to the introduction of the Marshall Plan.[30]

text: Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers was signed by the four Allies on 5 June. It included the following:

text: The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the Provisional Government of the French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with respect to Germany, including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High Command and any state, municipal, or local government or authority. The assumption, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and powers does not effect[a] the annexation of Germany.

text: It is disputed whether this assumption of power constituted debellation—the end of a war caused by the complete destruction of a hostile state.[33][34][b]

text: The Potsdam Agreement was signed on 12 August 1945. In connection with this, the leaders of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union planned the new postwar German government, resettled war territory boundaries, de facto annexed a quarter of pre-war Germany situated east of the Oder-Neisse line, and mandated and organized the expulsion of the millions of Germans who remained in the annexed territories and elsewhere in the east. They also ordered German demilitarization, denazification, industrial disarmament and settlements of war reparations. But, as France (at American insistence) had not been invited to the Potsdam Conference, so the French representatives on the Allied Control Council subsequently refused to recognise any obligation to implement the Potsdam Agreement; with the consequence that much of the programme envisaged at Potsdam, for the establishment of a German government and state adequate for accepting a peace settlement, remained a dead letter.

text: Allied Control Council created to effect the Allies assumed supreme authority over Germany, specifically to implement their assumed joint authority over Germany. On 30 August, the Control Council constituted itself and issued its first proclamation, which informed the German people of the Council's existence and asserted that the commands and directives issued by the Commanders-in-Chief in their respective zones were not affected by the establishment of the Council. Cessation of hostilities between the United States and Germany was proclaimed on 13 December 1946 by US President Truman.[35]

text: Paris Peace Conference ended on 10 February 1947 with the signing of peace treaties by the wartime Allies with the minor European Axis powers (Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland; although Italy by some was considered a major power).

text: The Federal Republic of Germany, that had been founded on 23 May 1949 (when its Basic Law was promulgated) had its first government formed on 20 September 1949 while the German Democratic Republic was formed on 7 October.

text: End of state of war with Germany was declared by many former Western Allies in 1950. In the Petersberg Agreement of 22 November 1949, it was noted that the West German government wanted an end to the state of war, but the request could not be granted. The US state of war with Germany was being maintained for legal reasons, and though it was softened somewhat it was not suspended since "the US wants to retain a legal basis for keeping a US force in Western Germany".[36] At a meeting for the Foreign Ministers of France, the UK, and the US in New York from 12 September – 19 December 1950, it was stated that among other measures to strengthen West Germany's position in the Cold War that the western allies would "end by legislation the state of war with Germany".[37] In 1951, many former Western Allies did end their state of war with Germany: Australia (9 July), Canada, Italy, New Zealand, the Netherlands (26 July), South Africa, the United Kingdom (9 July), and the United States (19 October).[38][39][40][41][42][43] The state of war between Germany and the Soviet Union was ended in early 1955.[44]

text: "The full authority of a sovereign state" was granted to the Federal Republic of Germany on 5 May 1955 under the terms of the Bonn–Paris conventions. The treaty ended the military occupation of West German territory, but the three occupying powers retained some special rights, e.g. vis-à-vis West Berlin.

text: Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany: Under the terms of this peace treaty, the Four Powers renounced all rights they formerly held in Germany, including Berlin. As a result, Germany became fully sovereign on 15 March 1991. Under the terms of the Treaty, the Allies were allowed to keep troops in Berlin until the end of 1994 (articles 4 and 5). In accordance with the Treaty, occupying troops were withdrawn by that deadline.


document_title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

question_text: where did beauty and the beast take place

root

text: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: One winter's night, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cold-hearted prince a rose in exchange for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects. She bestows the Beast with a magic mirror before hexing the rose and warning him that, unless he learns to love another and earns their love in return by the time the last petal falls, he and his servants will lose their humanity forever.

tag: p

text: Years later, a beautiful young woman named Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston, a handsome, arrogant hunter. Lost in the forest while traveling to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's father Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. After Maurice befriends the castle's servants, however, the Beast discovers and imprisons him. Belle ventures out in search for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice's place.

text: Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treated to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders into the forbidden West Wing where the rose is kept, the Beast flies into a rage, causing Belle to flee the castle and into the woods. She is attacked by wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her by showing his extensive library.

text: Returning to the village, Maurice tells the townsfolk of Belle's predicament, but no one believes him. Gaston then bribes Monsieur D'Arque, the town's warden of the insane asylum to have Maurice locked up if Belle refuses to marry Gaston.

text: After sharing a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her father lying in the woods while attempting to rescue her using the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giving her the mirror to remember him with. Belle rescues Maurice and brings him back to the village where she nurses him back to health. Suddenly, an angry mob led by Gaston comes to Belle's house and they try to take Maurice away, believing his claims of the Beast has caused a lapse of insanity. Gaston tries to force Belle to marry him for her father's release but she realizes that he was behind it. Bell then proves Maurice's sanity by revealing the Beast in the mirror to the townsfolk. Belle angrily confronts Gaston that he is a monster and the Beast is not, which enrages Gaston whom she does not want to marry. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston has her thrown into the basement with her father and rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to kill the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and rush back to the castle.

text: Not happy, the servants battle the invading villagers, driving them out of the castle. Gaston attacks the Beast in his tower, who is too depressed to fight back, but regains his will upon seeing Belle return. He overpowers Gaston but spares his life before reuniting with Belle. Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing from the Beast's thrashing and falls to his death.[a] The Beast nearly dies from Gaston's stab before the last petal falls. When Belle tearfully professes her love to him, the curse is broken, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, where they dance happily.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Paige O'Hara as Belle[11] – A bibliophilic young woman who seeks adventure, and offers her own freedom to the Beast in return for her father's. In their effort to enhance the character from the original story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her own beauty and made her "a little odd".[12] Wise recalls casting O'Hara because of a "unique tone" she had, "a little bit of Judy Garland", after whose appearance Belle was modeled.[13] James Baxter and Mark Henn served as the supervising animators for Belle.
Robby Benson as Beast[11] – A young prince who is transformed into a beast by an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. The animators drew him with the head structure and horns of an American bison, the arms and body of a bear, the ears of a deer, the eyebrows of a gorilla, the jaws, teeth, and mane of a lion, the tusks of a wild boar, and the legs and tail of a wolf. Chris Sanders, one of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, and fish before coming up with something close to the final design. Glen Keane, supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design by going to the zoo and studying the animals on which the Beast was based.[10] Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."[14] The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson had the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" so that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".[10]
Richard White as Gaston[11] – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's hand in marriage and is determined not to let anyone else win her heart. He serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was once as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, Andreas Deja, was pressed by Jeffrey Katzenberg to make Gaston handsome in contrast to the traditional appearance of a Disney villain, an assignment he found difficult at first. In the beginning, Gaston is depicted as more of a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle would love a Beast more than him.[15]
Jerry Orbach as Lumière[16] – The kind-hearted but rebellious valet of the Beast's, who has been transformed into a candlestick. He has a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, sometimes causing tension between them, but the Beast often turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. Nik Ranieri served as the supervising animator for Lumière.
David Ogden Stiers as Cogsworth[17] – Majordomo, the head of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who has been transformed into a clock. He is extremely loyal to the Beast so as to save himself and anyone else any trouble, often leading to friction between himself and Lumière. Will Finn served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers also narrates the prologue.
Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts[18] – The castle cook, turned into a teapot, who takes a motherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went through several names for Mrs. Potts, such as "Mrs. Chamomile", before Ashman suggested the use of simple and concise names for the household objects.[10] David Pruiksma served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts.
Bradley Pierce as Chip[19] – Mrs. Potts' son, who has been turned into a teacup. Originally intended to only have one line, the filmmakers were impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Music Box character.[10] Pruiksma also served as the supervising animator for Chip.
Rex Everhart as Maurice[11] – Belle's inventor father. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to construct in reality, but his loyal daughter believes he will be famous one day. Ruben A. Aquino served as the supervising animator for Maurice.
Jesse Corti as Lefou[11] – Gaston's often abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Lefou.
Hal Smith as Philippe[20] – Belle's Belgian horse. Russ Edmonds served as the supervising animator for Philippe.
Jo Anne Worley as the Wardrobe[21] – The castle's authority over fashion, and a former opera singer, who has been turned into a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe was introduced by visual development person Sue C. Nichols to the then entirely male cast of servants, and was originally a more integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is known as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mouth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the only major enchanted object character whose human form does not appear in the film. Tony Anselmo served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe.
Mary Kay Bergman and Kath Soucie as the Bimbettes[22] – A trio of village maidens who constantly fawn over Gaston, known as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation.
Brian Cummings as the Stove[23] – The castle's chef who has been transformed into a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's Belle's Magical World.
Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller[24] – The owner of a book shop in Belle's home town.
Tony Jay as Monsieur D'Arque[25] – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle.
Alec Murphy as the Baker[26] – The owner of a bakery in Belle's home town.
Kimmy Robertson as the Featherduster[27] – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who has been turned into a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name given to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film Belle's Magical World and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake.
Frank Welker as Sultan[28] – The castle's pet dog turned into a footstool.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Early versions[edit]

text: After the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937, Walt Disney sought out other stories to adapt into feature films, with Beauty and the Beast being among the stories he considered.[12][29] Attempts to develop the Beauty and the Beast story into a film were made in the 1930s and 1950s, but were ultimately given up because it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.[12] Peter M. Nichols states Disney may later have been discouraged by Jean Cocteau having already done his 1946 version.[30]

text: Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long-gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th-century France.[31] At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.[32]

text: Script rewrite and musicalization[edit]

text: Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch. A few months after starting anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio had approached Ron Clements and John Musker to direct the film, but they turned down the offer, saying they were "tired" after just having finished directing Disney's recent success The Little Mermaid. Disney then hired first-time feature directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale. Wise and Trousdale had previously directed the animated sections of Cranium Command, a short film for a Disney EPCOT theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, who had written the song score for The Little Mermaid, to turn Beauty and the Beast into a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as Mermaid. Ashman, who at the time had learned he was dying of complications from AIDS, had been working with Disney on a pet project of his, Aladdin, and only reluctantly agreed to join the struggling production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing health, pre-production of Beauty and the Beast was moved from London to the Residence Inn in Fishkill, New York, close to Ashman's New York City home.[31] Here, Ashman and Menken joined Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, and Woolverton in retooling the film's script.[12][32] Since the original story had only two major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience through the film, and added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.[12]

text: These ideas were somewhat similar to elements of the 1946 French film version of Beauty and the Beast, which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat similar to Gaston,[33] as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.[34] The animated objects were, however, given distinct personalities in the Disney version. By early 1990, Katzenberg had approved the revised script, and storyboarding began again.[12][32] The production flew story artists back and forth between California and New York for storyboard approvals from Ashman, though the team was not told the reason why.[12]

text: Casting and recording[edit]

text: Disney had originally considered casting Jodi Benson from The Little Mermaid as Belle.[35] They eventually decided upon Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara in favor of having a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".[36] According to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara was given the role because she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",[37] reminiscent to that of American actress and singer Judy Garland.[38] O'Hara, who, after reading about the film in The New York Times,[39] competed for the role against 500 hopefuls,[40] believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her cast recording of the musical Show Boat proved integral in her being cast.[41]

text: Animation[edit]

text: Production of Beauty and the Beast was to be completed on a compressed timeline of two years rather than the traditional four-year Disney Feature Animation production schedule; this was due to the loss of production time spent developing the earlier Purdum version of the film.[10] Most of the production was done at the main Feature Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in Glendale, California. A smaller team at the Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Lake Buena Vista, Florida assisted the California team on several scenes, particularly the "Be Our Guest" number.[12]

text: Beauty and the Beast was the second film, after The Rescuers Down Under, produced using CAPS (Computer Animation Production System), a digital scanning, ink, paint, and compositing system of software and hardware developed for Disney by Pixar.[12][31] The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and colored line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned hand inking for xerography in the early 1960s. CAPS/ink & paint also allowed the production crew to simulate multiplane effects: placing characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and moving them towards/away from the camera on the Z-axis to give the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.[10]

text: In addition, CAPS/ink & paint allowed an easier combination of hand-drawn art with computer-generated imagery, which before had to be plotted to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted traditionally.[12][42] This technique was put to significant use during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance through a computer-generated ballroom as the camera dollies around them in simulated 3D space.[10][12] The filmmakers had originally decided against the use of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology had improved, decided it could be used for the one scene in the ballroom.[30] Before that, CGI environments had first been printed out as wireframe, but this was the first time Disney made use of 3D rendering.[43] The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.[44]

text: Music[edit]

text: Ashman and Menken wrote the Beauty song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the opening operetta-styled "Belle" being their first composition for the film. Other songs included "Be Our Guest," sung (in its original version) to Maurice by the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "Gaston," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growing love from the objects' perspective, the love ballad "Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)" and the climactic "The Mob Song." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while voice and song recording began in New York City.[12] The Beauty songs were mostly recorded live with the orchestra and the voice cast performing simultaneously rather than overdubbed separately, in order to give the songs a cast album-like "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.[10]

text: During the course of production, many changes were made to the structure of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. After screening a mostly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story artist Bruce Woodside suggested that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her father. Wise and Trousdale agreed, and the sequence and song were retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went through a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Originally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it was changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did not think her voice was suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least one take and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the one take asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" was dropped from the film before animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems about the timeline over which the story takes place.[12] This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "Something There," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of their growing fondness for each other, was composed late in production and inserted into the script in place of "Human Again."[10]

text: Menken would later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of Beauty and the Beast, and another revised version of the song was added to the film itself in a new sequence created for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.[10][12] Ashman died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 40 on March 14, 1991, eight months before the film's release. He never saw the finished film, though he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on Aladdin was completed by another lyricist, Tim Rice. Before Ashman's death, members of the film's production team visited him after the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commenting that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute to the lyricist was included at the end of the credits crawl: "To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991."[31] A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson over the end credits, was released as a commercial single from the film's soundtrack, supported with a music video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts around the world. The song became Dion's second single to land within the top-10 of the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number nine. The song peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at number two.[45][46] Outside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty in Australia, Netherlands, and Ireland. The song sold over a million copies worldwide.[47] This version of the song was also nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, and it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance.

text: Release[edit]

text: In a first-time accomplishment for The Walt Disney Company, an unfinished version of Beauty and the Beast was shown at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991.[48] The film was deemed a "work in progress" because roughly only 70% of the animation had been completed; storyboards and pencil tests were used in replacement of the remaining 30%.[49] Additionally, certain segments of the film that had already been finished were reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, Beauty and the Beast received a ten-minute-long standing ovation from the film festival audience.[31][50] The completed film was also screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.[51] The finished film premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginning a limited release before expanding wide on November 22.[50]

text: Re-issues[edit]

text: The film was restored and remastered for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in IMAX theatres in a special-edition edit, including a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation was cleaned up, a new sequence set to the deleted song "Human Again" was inserted into the film's second act, and a new digital master from the original CAPS production files was used to make the high-resolution IMAX film negative.[52]

text: A sing along edition of the film, hosted by Jordin Sparks, was released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior to the showing of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes look at the newly restored film and the making of her new Beauty and the Beast music video. There was also commentary from producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside look at how the animation was created.[53][54]

text: A Disney Digital 3D version of the film, the second of a traditionally animated film, was originally scheduled to be released in US theatres on February 12, 2010, but the project was postponed.[55] On August 25, 2011, Disney announced that the 3D version of the film would make its American debut at Hollywood's El Capitan Theatre from September 2–15, 2011.[56] Disney spent less than $10 million on the 3D conversion.[57] After the successful 3D re-release of The Lion King, Disney announced a wide 3D re-release of Beauty and the Beast in North America beginning January 13, 2012.[58]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series, and was later put on moratorium on April 30, 1993; it was not included in the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection line.[59] This version contains a minor edit to the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for two frames during his climactic fall to his death were removed for the original home video release. No such edit was made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival was also released on VHS and LaserDisc at this time;[10] however, said version was the only one available on the latter format until the fall of 1993, when the completed theatrical version was released. This measure was to diminish the threat of video pirates making copies derived from the LaserDisc (which are not copy-protected) and selling them in international markets, where the film was yet to be available for home release.[60][61]

text: Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition, as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/large-format is called, was released on two-disc "Platinum Edition" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extended IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the original theatrical version, and the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "Disney Vault" moratorium status in January 2003, along with its direct-to-video follow-ups Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World.[62]

text: The film was released from the vault on October 5, 2010 as the second of Disney's Diamond Editions, in the form of a three-disc Blu-ray Disc and DVD combination pack[63]—the first release of Beauty and the Beast on home video in high-definition format.[64] This edition consists of four versions of the film: the original theatrical version, an extended version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-only version, and a fourth iteration displaying the storyboards via picture-in-picture alongside the original theatrical version.[65] Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sold 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.[66][67] It was the second-best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind Avatar.[68] A two-disc DVD edition was released on November 23, 2010.[63] A five-disc combo pack, featuring Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a digital copy, was released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical to the original Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went into the Disney Vault along with the two sequels on April 30, 2012.[69]

text: A 25th-anniversary Signature Edition was released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and was followed by Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.[70] Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, and debuted at number 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, behind Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and Captain America: Civil War.[71]

text: Reception and legacy[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 110 critics, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, Beauty and the Beast is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."[72] The film also holds a 95/100 on Metacritic, which indicates the reviews as "universal acclaim".[73] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[74]

text: Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised the film with the following statement, "Two years ago, Walt Disney Pictures reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with The Little Mermaid … Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with Beauty and the Beast."[75] Awarding the film a perfect score of four stars, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times compared Beauty and the Beast positively to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Pinocchio, writing, "Beauty and the Beast reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."[76] In 2001 Ebert again gave the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.[77] James Berardinelli of ReelViews rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "Beauty and the Beast attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."[78] The use of computer animation, particularly in the ballroom sequence, was singled out in several reviews as one of the film's highlights.[10] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."[79] Janet Maslin of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."[80] Dave Kehr of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Beauty and the Beast is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents … But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."[81]

text: Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this Beauty and the Beast has a beauty of a bite."[82] John Hartl of The Seattle Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."[83] Gene Siskel, also of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Beauty and the Beast is one of the year's most entertaining films for both adults and children."[84] On their Beauty and the Beast edition of Siskel & Ebert, both Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for Oscar consideration as Best Picture of the Year." Michael Sragow of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."[85] Eric Smoodin writes in his book Animating Culture that the studio was trying to make up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.[86] Smoodin also states that, in the way it has been viewed as bringing together traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".[87] Animation legend Chuck Jones praised the film, in a 1992 guest appearance on Later with Bob Costas he claimed he "Loved it. I think it should have won [Best Picture] … I think the animation on the beast is one of the greatest pieces of animation I've seen".[88]

text: Animation historian Michael Barrier wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than other "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".[89] David Whitley writes in The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation that Belle is different from earlier Disney heroines in that she is mostly free from the burdens of domestic housework, although her role is somewhat undefined in the same way that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley also notes other themes and modern influences, such as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards nature, the cyborg-like servants, and the father's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.[90]

text: In 2010, IGN named Beauty and the Beast as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of WALL-E, The Incredibles, Toy Story 2, and The Iron Giant.[91]

text: Several critics regard the 1991 animated film as superior to the 2017 live-action remake. Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation since "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips also wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".[92] Dana Schwartz of the Observer criticized some of the 2017 film changes to the characters like Gaston and the Beast as regressive by watering down their distinguishing personalities from the 1991 film, also arguing that the added backstory to the characters in the 2017 version failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".[93] David Sims of The Atlantic wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".[94]

text: Box office[edit]

text: During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145.9 million in revenues in North America and $351.9 million worldwide.[5] It ranked as the third-most successful film of 1991 in North America, surpassed only by the summer blockbusters Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves.[95] At the time Beauty and the Beast was the most successful animated Disney film release, and the first animated film to reach $100 million in the United States and Canada in its initial run.[96][97] In its IMAX re-release, it earned $25.5 million in North America and $5.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $31 million.[98] It also earned $9.8 million from its 3D re-release overseas.[5] During the opening weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, Beauty and the Beast grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind Contraband, and achieved the highest opening weekend for an animated film in January.[99][100] The film was expected to make $17.5 million over the weekend; however, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.[101][102] The re-release ended its run on May 3, 2012, and earned $47.6 million, which brought the film's total gross in North America to $219 million.[103] It made an estimated $206 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $425 million.[5]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "Beauty and the Beast" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, while Menken's score won the award for Best Original Score.[104] Two other Menken and Ashman songs from the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", were also nominated for Best Original Song.[104] Beauty and the Beast was the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that would be repeated by The Lion King (1994), Dreamgirls (2006), and Enchanted (2007).[104] Academy rules have since been changed to limit each film to two nominations in this category, due to the consecutive unintentional failures of Dreamgirls and Enchanted to win the award.[104]

text: The film was also nominated for Best Picture and Best Sound.[104] It was the first animated film ever to be nominated for Best Picture, and remained the only animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field was widened to ten nominees, and it remains the only animated film nominated for the award when it had five nominees.[104] It became the first musical in twelve years to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture of the Year, following All That Jazz (1979), and the last one to be nominated until Moulin Rouge! (2001), ten years later.[104] It lost the Best Picture award to The Silence of the Lambs.[104] With six nominations, the film currently shares the record for the most nominations for an animated film with WALL-E (2008), although, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, Beauty and the Beast's nominations span only four categories, while WALL-E's nominations cover six individual categories.[104]

text: While The Little Mermaid was the first to be nominated, Beauty and the Beast became the first animated film to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[104] This feat was later repeated by The Lion King and Toy Story 2.[104]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipients and nominees

Result

Academy Awards[104]

March 30, 1992

Best Picture

Don Hahn

Nominated

Best Sound

Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson & Doc Kane

Best Original Score

Alan Menken

Won

Best Original Song

Alan Menken & Howard Ashman for "Be Our Guest"

Nominated

Alan Menken & Howard Ashman for "Beauty and the Beast"

Won

Alan Menken & Howard Ashman for "Belle"

Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association

February 1992

Best Picture

Nominated

Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association

1992

Best Film

3rd place

Best Animated Film

Won

Golden Globe Awards[105]

January 18, 1992

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

Don Hahn

Best Original Score – Motion Picture

Alan Menken

Best Original Song – Motion Picture

Alan Menken and Howard AshmanFor the song "Be Our Guest"

Nominated

Alan Menken and Howard AshmanFor the song "Beauty and the Beast"

Won

Grammy Awards[106]

February 18, 1993

Album of the Year

Nominated

Record of the Year

Celine Dion and Peabo BrysonFor the song "Beauty and the Beast"

Nominated

Best Album for Children

Won

Best Pop Performance by a Group or Duo With Vocal

For "Beauty and the Beast"

Song of the Year

For "Beauty and the Beast"

Nominated

Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture

Alan Menken

Won

Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television

For "Beauty and the Beast"

Best Pop Instrumental Performance

For "Beauty and the Beast"

Los Angeles Film Critics Association

December 14, 1991

Best Animated Film

Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise

Producers Guild of America

March 4, 1992

Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures

Don Hahn

Nominated

tag: table

text: In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten Top Ten" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of over 1,500 people from the creative community. Beauty and the Beast was acknowledged as the seventh-best film in the animation genre.[107][108] In previous lists, it ranked number 22 on the Institute's list of best musicals and number 34 on its list of the best romantic American films.[109] On the list of the greatest songs from American films, Beauty and the Beast ranked number 62.[110]

text: American Film Institute recognition:

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated[111]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – No. 34[109]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
Belle – Nominated Hero[112]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62[110]
"Be Our Guest" – Nominated[113]
AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – No. 22[114]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[115]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – No. 7 Animated film[108]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Broadway musical[edit]

text: According to an article in the Houston Chronicle, "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by The New York Times theater critic Frank Rich that praised Beauty and the Beast as 1991's best musical … Theatre Under The Stars executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of Beauty about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end … When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."[116] A stage condensation of the film, directed by Robert Jess Roth and choreographed by Matt West, both of whom moved on to the Broadway development, had already been presented at Disneyland at what was then called the Videopolis stage.[116] Beauty and the Beast premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993, through December 26, 1993.[116]

text: On Monday, April 18, 1994, Beauty and the Beast premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City to mixed reviews.[117][118] The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999.[119] The commercial (though not critical) success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world.[119] The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions.[120] The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster.[119] Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Patrick Page, Bryan Batt, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumière; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston.[119] The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,461 performances.[119] As of 2017, it is Broadway's tenth-longest-running show in history.[119]

text: Live-action film[edit]

text: In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script.[121][122] Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".[123] In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (The Perks of Being a Wallflower) would re-write the script.[124] In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film.[125] In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively.[126][127][128][129] The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively.[130][131][132][133] Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice.[134] In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical.[135] Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015.[136][137] The film was released on March 17, 2017.[138]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Beauty and the Beast merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film published by Disney Comics, toys, children's costumes, and other items. In addition, the character of Belle has been integrated into the "Disney Princess" line of Disney's Consumer Products division, and appears on merchandise related to that franchise.[139] In 1995, a live-action children's series entitled Sing Me a Story with Belle began running in syndication, remaining on the air through 1999.[140] Two direct-to-video followups (which take place during the timeline depicted in the original film) were produced by Walt Disney Television Animation: Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas in 1997 and Belle's Magical World in 1998; in contrast to the universal acclaim of the original, reception to the sequels was extremely negative.[141][142] Disney on Ice produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show was such a huge commercial and critical success, touring around the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special was made when it toured Spain in 1994.[143] The show ended its run in 2006, after 14 years.[143]

text: Video games[edit]

text: There are several video games that are loosely based on the film:

text: The first video game based on the film was titled Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest and is an action platformer for the Sega Genesis. Developed by Software Creations, the game was released in North America in 1993.[144] It is one of two video games based on the film that Sunsoft published for the Genesis, the other being Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast. Characters from the film like Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live happily ever after. To succeed, she must explore the village, forest, castle, and snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-games while ducking or jumping over enemies. Belle's health is represented by a stack of blue books, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, and other hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and other items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can use a code to start the game at any of the seven levels.[145]

text: The second video game based on the film was titled 'Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast and is a side-scrolling video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.[146]

text: The third and fourth video games based on the film are action platformers developed by Probe Software[147] and published by Hudson Soft. One, titled Beauty and the Beast, was released in Europe in 1994 for the NES,[148] while the other, Disney's Beauty and the Beast, was released in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23 1995 for the SNES. The entire games are played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston.[147] The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.[149]

text: The fifth video game based on the film was titled Disney's Beauty and the Beast: A Boardgame Adventure and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the Game Boy Color. It was released on October 25, 1999.[150]

text: The video game series Kingdom Hearts features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", along with several of the film's characters. In the first game, the world has been destroyed and Belle kidnapped by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with Sora to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the other captured princesses.[151] In Kingdom Hearts II, the world has since been restored following Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are having difficulties due to the enigmatic Xaldin of Organization XIII attempting to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him into a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora once again to defeat Xaldin once and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back into the Prince. In Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days, the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In Kingdom Hearts χ, the world is featured again, this time as a hallucination that follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice, and the Wardrobe. After Gaston is defeated, the Beast transforms back into the Prince. Gaston does not appear in Kingdom Hearts II, the world's primary antagonist being Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas.[152]


document_title: Food Network Star

question_text: who was the first winner of the next food network star

text: Food Network Star

text: Season one[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The first season of The Next Food Network Star series was taped in February 2005, and was composed of five episodes in June 2005.[1] Chicago area caterers Dan Smith and Steve McDonagh emerged as the winners, and went on to host a show called Party Line with Dan & Steve, now titled Party Line with The Hearty Boys, which premiered on September 18, 2005.

text: The runner-up, Deborah Fewell, was chosen to host a special on food at beaches, Surf N Turf, which aired in June 2006. Michael Thomas was the recurring chef on The Tyra Banks Show. Susannah Locketti made an appearance on The Tony Danza Show, and is also an on-air chef for Publix grocery stores in the southern United States.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Place

Dan Smith & Steve McDonagh

42 and 40

Bellmore, NY and Wayne, NJ

Winners

Deborah Fewell

32

Los Angeles

Runner-up

Hans Rueffert

32

Jasper, GA

3rd

Susannah Locketti

33

Plymouth, MA

4th

Eric Warren

52

Los Angeles

5th

Michael Thomas

36

Venice, CA

6th

Harmony Marceau

30

New York City, NY

7th

Brook Harlan

24

Columbia, MO

8th

text: Season two[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The second season of The Next Food Network Star series was taped in December 2005 and began airing in March 2006. Guy Fieri was announced as the winner on April 23, 2006, beating Reggie Southerland.[2]

text: Fieri has achieved considerable success at Food Network since his victory, and is still regularly on air as of July 2018. Guy's Big Bite premiered in June 2006 and was picked up for a second season in 2008 and remains in production. Originally intended as a one-hour special, Fieri's second series, Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, premiered April 23, 2007. He went on to the series, Ultimate Recipe Showdown, premiering February 17, 2008, and Guy Off The Hook on September 14, 2008. He has also started a new successful show called Guy's Grocery Games.

text: Fourth-place contestant Nathan Lyon began hosting his own series, A Lyon In the Kitchen,[3] on the Discovery Health Channel in March 2007.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Guy Fieri

38

Ferndale, CA

"Off the Hook" California Cuisine

Winner

Reggie Southerland

39

Los Angeles

Modern Soul Food

Runner-up

Carissa Seward

33

San Diego, CA

Simple Food for Entertaining

Week 6

Nathan Lyon

35

Los Angeles

Healthy and Seasonal Food

Week 5

Andrew Schumacher

26

Brooklyn, NY

Cooking Techniques

Week 4

Evette Rodriguez

35

Port St. Lucie, FL

Latin Cuisine

Week 3

Elizabeth Raynor

32

Sausalito, CA

Simple Mediterranean Cuisine

Week 2

Jess Dang

24

Menlo Park, CA

Asian Cuisine

Week 1

text: Season three[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The third season began on June 3, 2007, and the winner was announced on Sunday, July 22.  In season 3, judges sent 1 or 2 contestants home weekly. Once the field was down to 2 final contestants, the viewers picked the winner. Marc Summers (host of the first 2 seasons) only returned for this season's finale.  Bobby Flay would host subsequent season finales.[4]

text: During the season, the contestants lived in a shared house in New York City. The contestants' challenges included cooking concession food for an NBA game (with guest Darryl Dawkins) to a mini version of Food Network's Iron Chef America (with guest judges Bobby Flay and Cat Cora). The Selection Committee consisted of Food Network executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson along with one guest. Guest judges included Alton Brown, Giada De Laurentiis, Duff Goldman, season two winner Guy Fieri, and Robert Irvine.

text: Paula Deen and Rachael Ray participated in contestant challenges, and Bobby Flay also played a role in the guidance and selection process.  Amy Finley was chosen by America as The Next Food Network Star on July 22, 2007. Her new show The Gourmet Next Door premiered on October 14, 2007 and ran for six episodes.  Finley later declined to continue with the series, citing relocation to France for family reasons.[4]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Eliminated

Amy Finley

33

San Diego, CA

Stay-at-Home Mom

Winner1

Rory Schepisi

31

Vega, TX

Restaurateur

Runner-Up

Joshua Adam "JAG" Garcia

25

Havelock, NC

Chef-de-Cuisine

Withdrew1

Paul McCullough

36

Los Angeles

Caterer

Week 6

Adrien Sharp

29

Jackson, MI

Local Cooking Show Host

Week 5

Michael Salmon

53

Brooklyn, NY

Director of Operations for Macy's

Week 4

Tommy Grella, Jr.

34

Methuen, MA

Self-Taught Chef

Week 3

Colombe Jacobsen-Derstine

29

New York, NY

Former Child Actress

Week 3

Nikki Shaw

38

Oakland, CA

Caterer

Week 2

Patrick Rolfe

33

Seattle, WA

Chef

Week 1

Vivien Cunha

40

Hermosa Beach, CA

Caterer

Week 1

text: ^Note 1 :  Amy Finley was eliminated Week 7, and the original finalists were Rory Schepisi and Joshua "JAG" Garcia.  After the final elimination episode was aired, evidence came to light that JAG had lied about both his culinary training and his military service, representing both as more extensive than they actually were.[5][6] Food Network allowed him to withdraw from the competition and reinstated Amy Finley, who was voted The Next Food Network Star.

text: Season four[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Season four of The Next Food Network Star premiered on Sunday, June 1, 2008. Food Network executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson are joined by Bobby Flay as the selection committee for this season. Each new episode aired on Sundays at 10:00 PM EDT. For this season, the viewers no longer received the chance to vote for the winner; producers instead made the final decision. This led to an error by FoodNetwork.com, which briefly posted the winning moment video on their website three days before the finale aired.[7]  The winner for the fourth season was Aaron McCargo Jr. His winning show idea, Big Daddy's House, first aired August 3, 2008.[8]

text: Finalist Adam Gertler was hired to host a Food Network show called Will Work for Food, which debuted on January 19, 2009 and was cancelled after one season. He hosted the Food Network show Kid in a Candy Store, which aired two seasons.

text: Kelsey Nixon co-hosted a web show on food2.com (a Food Network sister site aka Cooking Channel) and also appeared in the premiere of Chefs vs. City in 2009. In 2010, Gertler and Nixon became co-hosts of The Next Food Network Star After Party, a half-hour recap/interview show following that night's episode of Star, on Cooking Channel. Nixon stars in Kelsey's Essentials, a program on kitchen and cooking basics for The Cooking Channel that ran November, 2010-2013.[9]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Eliminated

Aaron McCargo Jr.

36

Camden, NJ

Chef

Winner

Adam Gertler

30

Philadelphia, PA

Food Server

Runner-Up

Lisa Garza

32

Dallas, TX

Restaurateur/Designer

Runner-Up

Kelsey Nixon

23

North Ogden, UT

Assistant Culinary Director

Week 7

Shane Lyons

20

Colorado Springs, CO

Private Chef and actor

Week 6

Jennifer Cochrane

32

Woonsocket, RI

Chef

Week 5

Nipa Bhatt

35

Victoria, MN

Marketing Manager

Week 4

Jeffrey Vaden

43

White Plains, NY

Food Service Management

Week 3

Kevin Roberts

39

San Diego, CA

Radio Talk Show Host/Restaurant Owner/Author

Week 2

Cory Kahaney

45

New York, NY

Stand-up Comedian

Week 1

text: Season five[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Season five of The Next Food Network Star premiered on June 7, 2009. Food Network executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson were joined by Bobby Flay as the Selection Committee for this season, which was filmed early 2009 in New York, New York and Miami, Florida. Melissa D'Arabian was declared the winner on August 2, 2009 with the title for her show being Ten Dollar Dinners.  Her show premiered on August 9, 2009.[1]

text: On August 17, 2009, Food Network announced Jeffrey Saad would return in a series of online videos based on his pilot, now called "The Spice Smuggler."[10] The program premiered with four 4-1/2 minute videos featuring one spice and a recipe incorporating it.[11] Saad was named the national representative for the American Egg Board.  In November, 2010, Saad debuted in a new show for The Cooking Channel titled United Tastes of America, which explores multiple aspects of traditional American food.[9]

text: Finalist Debbie Lee has carried her "Seoul to Soul" concept to the streets of L.A., opening a lunch truck, Ahn-Joo, featuring a range of Korean food.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Melissa d'Arabian

40

Keller, TX

Stay-At-Home Mom

"Kitchen Survival Guide"

Winner

Jeffrey Saad

42

Los Angeles, California

Restaurateur/Food Consultant/Recipe Developer/Chef

"Ingredient Smuggler"

Runner-Up

Debbie Lee

39

West Hollywood, California

Restaurant Consultant

"From Seoul to Soul"

Week 8

Jamika Pessoa

30

Atlanta, Georgia

Personal Chef/Businesswoman

Caribbean Cuisine

Week 7

Michael Proietti

28

City Island, NY

Executive Chef

"Global A Go-Go"

Week 6

Katie Cavuto

30

Philadelphia, PA

Personal Chef & Dietician

Healthy and Green Cuisine

Week 5

Teddy Folkman

33

Alexandria, VA

Restaurant Owner/Executive Chef

"Gourmet Bar Food"

Week 4

Eddie Gilbert

30

Los Angeles

Apprentice Chef

"Modernized Traditional Food"

Week 3

Brett August

33

New York, New York

Executive Sous Chef

Italian-American Cuisine

Week 2

Jen Isham

30

Orlando, FL

Sales Manager

"Housewife 2.0"

Week 1

text: Season six[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The sixth season of the series premiered on Sunday, June 6, 2010.  Food Network executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson were again joined by Bobby Flay as judges; in addition, Giada De Laurentiis served as an on-set mentor.   On July 17, 2010, a post-competition recap and discussion show premiered on The Cooking Channel.  Shows were filmed in Los Angeles, California and New York, New York.[12]

text: On August 15, 2010, Aarti Sequeira was declared the winner, and her new show Aarti Party[13] premiered on Sunday, August 22, 2010 and features American style cuisine with unique Indian flair. Season 2 of Aarti Party[13] premiered that December.

text: The Food Network also signed runner-up Tom Pizzica to host a new show called Outrageous Food, which premiered in November 2010.[14] The last new episodes of Aarti Party aired in mid-2013.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Aarti Sequeira

31

Los Angeles, California

Food Blogger

"Aarti Paarti"

Winner

Herb Mesa

41

Atlanta, Georgia

Personal Trainer/Personal Chef

"Cooking Con Sabor"

Runner-Up

Tom Pizzica

32

San Francisco, CA

Unemployed Chef

"Big Chef"

Runner-Up

Aria Kagan

30

Hollywood, FL

Private Chef

"Family Style"

Week 9

Brad Sorenson

25

Austin, Texas

Professional Chef

"Pro"/"Culinary Quest"

Week 8

Serena Palumbo

31

New York, New York

Attorney

"Serena's Trattoria"

Week 7

Brianna Jenkins

30

Atlanta, Georgia

Caterer

"Sexy and Fabulous Flavors"

Week 6

Paul Young

32

Chicago, IL

Waiter

"Blue-Collar Dollar"

Week 5

Darrell "DAS" Smith

28

Los Angeles

High School Culinary Teacher

"Food is the Life of the Party"

Week 4

Dzintra Dzenis

44

Austin, TX

Private Cooking Instructor

Week 3

Doreen Fang

38

Los Angeles

Caterer/Cooking Instructor

"Simply Complex"

Week 2

Alexis Hernandez

40

Clarksville, IN

Part-time food Writer

Week 1

text: Season seven[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: For the seventh season, the reality television series was renamed, after the first episode, Food Network Star, dropping the word "Next".  It premiered Sunday, June 5, 2011. Food Network executives Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson were joined again by Bobby Flay and Giada De Laurentiis as the judges for this season. The series was filmed in Los Angeles, California and New York, New York.[15]

text: Season seven winner Jeff Mauro's show "Sandwich King" premiered on Sunday, August 21, 2011. In spring 2013, Jeff hosted $24 in 24, a show in which he went to several cities and ate an entire day's worth of meals on 24 dollars.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Jeff Mauro
32
Chicago, IL
Corporate Chef
"Sandwich King"
Winner

Susie Jimenez
31
Carbondale, CO
Catering Company Owner
"Spice It Up"
Runner-Up

Vic "Vegas" Moea
36
Brooklyn, NY
Executive Chef
"Mama's Boy"
Week 11

Mary Beth Albright
38
Washington, DC
Food Writer and Blogger
"Sunday Supper"
Week 10

Whitney Chen
28
New York, NY
Chef
"Four Star Flair"
Week 9

Jyll Everman
31
Glendora, CA
Caterer
"Jyllicious Bites"
Week 8

Penny Davidi
39
Los Angeles
Restaurant Owner
"Stilettos in the Kitchen"/"Middle Eastern Mama"
Week 7

Chris Nirschel
28
Hoboken, NJ
Sous Chef
"On the Line"
Week 7

Orchid Paulmeier
38
Bluffton, SC
Restaurant Owner
"Asian Persuasion"
Week 6

Justin Davis
31
Minneapolis, MN
Food Blogger
"The Flavor Factory"
Week 5

Justin Balmes
32
Marietta, GA
Fishmonger/ Butcher
"Kitchen Workshop"
Week 4

Alicia Sanchez
33
New York, NY
Young Adult Culinary Teacher
"Alicia's Guilty Pleasures"
Week 3

Katy Clark
34
Long Beach, CA
Food and Fitness Company Operator
"Simply Fabulous"
Week 2

Juba Kali
29
New Orleans, LA
Research Chef
"Cuisine Made Simply"
Week 2

Howie Drummond
40
Highlands Ranch, CO
Radio Host
"Basic and Delicious"
Week 1

text: Season eight[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Season 8 started May 13, 2012.  For season 8, the format changed, with the contestants divided into three five-member teams, each coached by a Food Network host, either Bobby Flay, Alton Brown, or Giada De Laurentiis.  Coaches worked with the teams as they prepared for and completed their tasks.  The winner's coach would also be the producer of the winner's show.

text: Each week, a winning team was selected, and one member of the teams that did not win was up for elimination in a new feature called Producers' Challenge. Each challenge was hosted by current Food Network personalities.

text: The final winner was decided by an audience vote cast on foodnetwork.com between July 15–17, 2012 and the winner was announced on July 22, 2012. The winner was Justin Warner, who hosted a one-hour special on The Food Network, but did not have a series produced. He has become a blogger on foodnetwork.com, makes appearances at Food Network events, and is an active Twitter presence.[16]

text: Coaches[edit]

text:
Alton Brown – host of Good Eats, Iron Chef America, The Next Iron Chef, and Cutthroat Kitchen.
Bobby Flay – host of Grill It! with Bobby Flay,  Throwdown! with Bobby Flay. Co-host of season 3 of Worst Cooks in America and Iron Chef on Iron Chef America
Giada De Laurentiis – host of Everyday Italian , Giada at Home and Giada in Italy.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Team

Eliminated

Justin Warner
27
Brooklyn, NY
Chef and Restaurant Owner
"Rebel with a Culinary Cause"
Team Alton
Winner

Michele Ragussis
42
Brooklyn, NY[17]
Executive Chef
"My New England"
Team Bobby
Runner-Up

Yvan Lemoine
30
New York City
Bartender and Cook for the French Consulate
"Family Style"
Team Giada
Runner-Up

Martie Duncan
50[18]
Birmingham, AL
Blogger and Party Planner
"Martie with the Party"
Team Alton
Runner-Up

Philip "Ippy" Aiona
23
Kamuela, HI
Executive Chef
"Voyage to Paradise"
Team Giada
Week 10

Nikki Martin
31
West Hollywood, CA
Private Chef, Food and Beverage Consultant
"The Grill Next Door"
Team Bobby
Week 10

Martita Jara
35
San Diego, CA
Self-Taught Chef
"Martita's Mesa"
Team Giada
Week 9

Malcolm Mitchell
41
Washington, DC
Private Chef
"Simple and Soulful"
Team Bobby
Week 8

Emily Ellyn
29
Orlando, FL
College Student
"Cooking Retro Rad"
Team Alton
Week 7

Linkie Marais
28
North Attleborough, MA
Cake Baker
"Dessert Queen"
Team Giada
Week 6

Judson Allen
30
Chicago, IL
Catering Company Owner
"Weight Loss Journey"
Team Alton
Week 5

Eric Lee
44
Petaluma, CA
Winery Executive Chef
"Handcrafted in Wine Country"
Team Bobby
Week 4

Josh Lyons
42
Jupiter, FL
Restaurant Consultant and Sushi Chef
"Wok and Roll"
Team Giada
Week 3

Kara Sigle
31
Chicago, IL
Catering Company Owner
"Nostalgic Cooking with a Twist"
Team Bobby
Week 2

Cristie Schoen
35
New Orleans, LA
Caterer
"Healthy and Delicious"
Team Alton
Week 1

text: Season nine[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Season 9 started on June 2, 2013.[19]  For season 9, Alton Brown, Bobby Flay, and Giada De Laurentiis mentored and judged twelve Food Network Star competitors, although the contestants were not divided into teams as in season 8. Many of this season's contestants had previously appeared on other Food Network shows.[20] The winner was Damaris Phillips, decided by an audience vote cast on foodnetwork.com and announced live on August 11, 2013.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Damaris Phillips

31

Louisville, KY

Culinary Teacher

"Modern Southern Food"

Winner

Rodney Henry
47
Baltimore, MD
Pie Shop Owner
"Pie Style"
Runner-up

Russell Jackson
49
San Francisco, CA
Underground Chef
"Seven Culinary Sins"
Runner-up

Stacey Poon-Kinney
34
San Diego, CA
Restaurant Owner
"Vintage with a Modern Twist"
Week 10

Nikki Dinki
29
New York, NY
Food Blogger/Online Host
"Semi-Vegetarian" / "Meat on the Side"
Week 9

Connie "Lovely" Jackson
27
Los Angeles
Caterer
"Party on a Plate"
Week 4 & Week 8 (Winner of Star Salvation)

Chad Rosenthal
37
Ambler, PA
Restaurant Owner
"Jewish BBQ Guy"
Week 7

Chris Hodgson
26
Cleveland, OH
Chef/Restaurateur
"Compassion for Food"
Week 6

Viet Pham
33
Salt Lake City, UT
Chef/Restaurant Owner
"The American Dream"
Week 5

Danushka Lysek
37
New York, NY
Private Chef/Model
"Your Private Chef"
Week 3

Andres Guillama
26
Waynesville, NC
Childhood Obesity Prevention Coach
"Teaching Men to Cook"
Week 2

Daniela Perez-Reyes
28
Haleiwa, HI
Bartender/Caterer
"Peruvian Princess"
Week 1

text: Season ten[edit]

text: The winner was Lenny McNab, decided by an audience vote cast on foodnetwork.com and announced live on August 10, 2014.  It is the last season to date where the finale aired live—all subsequent season finales would be filmed months in advance prior to airing.[21]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Lenny McNab
42
De Beque, CO
Executive Chef
Gourmet Cowboy
Winner

Luca Della Casa
38
San Antonio, TX (Originally from Turin, Italy)
Restaurateur
Luca's Feast
Episode 2 (Winner of Star Salvation) Runner-up

Nicole Gaffney
29
Atlantic City, New Jersey
Private Chef
Coastal Cuisine
Runner-up

Sarah Penrod
30
League City, TX
Private Chef
Devoted to Date Night/Texas Cuisine
Episode 10

Loreal Gavin
26
Indianapolis, IN
Butcher
Butcher Babe
Episode 9

Emma Frisch
30
Ithaca, NY
Farmer
Farm-to-Table
Episode 8

Chris Kyler
32
Stafford, VA
Caterer
elevating classics
Episode 7

Reuben Ruiz
27
Miami, FL
Restaurant Owner
Flavors of Miami
Episode 6

Christopher Lynch
39
New Orleans, LA
Executive Chef
New Orleans Inspired
Episode 5

Aryen Moore-Alston
31
Memphis, TN
Home Cook
International Cuisine Made Easy
Episode 4

Kenny Lao
36
New York, NY
Food Truck Chef
Fast-Casual
Episode 3

Donna Sonkin Shaw
42
New York, NY
Nutritionist
Healthy Comfort Food
Episode 1

text: Season eleven[edit]

text: Beginning with this season, Alton Brown no longer appeared as a judge. The winner was Eddie Jackson.[22]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Culinary P.O.V.

Eliminated

Eddie Jackson
34
Houston, TX
Food Truck Owner
Caribbean
Winner

Jay Ducote
33
Baton Rouge, LA
Radio Host
Louisiana
Runner up

Dominick "Dom" Tesoriero
31
Staten Island, NY
Food Truck Owner
Italian
Week 8 (Winner of Star Salvation; returned for semi-final) Runner up

Arnold Myint
38
Nashville, TN
Restaurant Owner
Effortless Home Entertainment
Week 10

Alex McCoy
31
Washington, D.C.
Chef, Restaurant Owner
Fusion Sandwiches
Week 9

Michelle Karam
39
Santa Barbara, CA
Food Blogger
Mediterranean
Week 7 (Withdrew)

Emilia Cirker
36
Reston, VA
Culinary Instructor
Spice Class
Week 6

Rue Rusike
26
Brooklyn, NY
Private Chef
South African
Week 5

Rosa Graziano
38
Los Angeles
Food Truck Owner
Southern Italian
Week 4

Sita Lewis
47
New York, NY
Culinary Instructor
Italian Soul
Week 3

Matthew Grunwald
22
Scottsdale, AZ
Restaurant Chef
Hashtag
Week 2

Christina Fitzgerald
29
St. Louis, MO
Executive Chef
Around The World
Week 1

text: Season twelve[edit]

text: Martita Jara originally competed in the eighth season of the series; she returned after winning the pre-season competition Comeback Kitchen.[23]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Eliminated

Tregaye Fraser
31
Atlanta, Georgia
Caterer
Winner

Jernard Wells
37
Executive chef
Runner-up

Damiano Carrara
30
Moorpark, California
Pastry chef

Yaku Moton-Spruill[A]
33
San Francisco, California
Basketball player, sous chef
Week 4 /Week 10

Ana Quincoces
49
Coral Gables, Florida
Cookbook writer, attorney
Week 9

Erin Campbell
24
Woodbury, Minnesota
Baker
Week 8

Joy Thompson
40
Thomasville, North Carolina
Baker, restaurateur
Week 7

Rob Burmeister
45
Staten Island, New York
School lunch administrator
Week 6

Monterey Salka
26
Nashville, Tennessee
Caterer
Week 5

Martita Jara
39
San Diego, California
Home cook
Week 3

Aaron Crumbaugh
36
Spokane, Washington
Caterer
Week 2

Melissa Pfeister
34
Los Angeles, California
Basketball player

Havird Usry
28
Augusta, Georgia
Restaurateur
Week 1

text: Season thirteen[edit]

text: Matthew Grunwald originally competed in season 11. He returned for a second chance after winning the Comeback Kitchen competition.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Eliminated

Jason Smith
39
Grayson, Kentucky
Cafeteria manager
Winner

Rusty Hamlin
42
Atlanta, Georgia
Executive chef
Runner-up

Cory Bahr
40
Monroe, Louisiana
Chef[B]

Matthew Grunwald
24
Scottsdale, Arizona
Restaurant chef
Week 10

Amy Pottinger
32
Honolulu, Hawaii
Food blogger
Week 9

David Rose
35
Atlanta, Georgia
Caterer
Week 7

Addie Gundry
30
Lake Forest, Illinois
Cookbook author; chef
Week 6

Caodan Tran
29
Dallas, Texas
Personal chef
Week 5

Trace Barnett
27
Brilliant, Alabama
Food blogger
Week 4

Suzanne Lossia
42
Detroit, Michigan
Personal chef
Week 3

Toya Boudy
34
New Orleans, Louisiana
Week 2

Nancy Manlove
65
Texas City, Texas
Chef

Blake Baldwin
30
Flemington, New Jersey
Marketing manager; home cook
Week 1

text: Season fourteen[edit]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Amy Pottinger originally competed in season 13. She returned for a second chance after winning the Comeback Kitchen competition, along with Adam Gertler, who originally competed in season four. Palak Patel also competed on Beat Bobby Flay, where she defeated him in the Chicken Curry episode.
[25]

text:
Name

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Eliminated

Christian Petroni
34
Port Chester, New York
Chef
Winner

Jess Tom
Princeton, New Jersey
Food Novelist[C]

Manny Washington
30
Orlando, Florida
Firehouse cook
Runner-up

Amy Pottinger
33
Honolulu, Hawaii
Food Blogger
Week 8

Palak Patel
38
New York, New York
Personal chef
Week 7

Katie Dixon
35
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Private chef
Week 6

Harrison Bader
26
Los Angeles, California
Personal chef
Week 4

Adam Gertler
40
Chef, TV Personality, Actor, Podcaster

Rebekah Lingenfelser
34
Savannah, Georgia
Marketing and Public Relations director
Week 3

Samone Lett
46
Sanford, Florida
Personal chef and caterer
Week 2

Jason Goldstein
40
New York, New York
Chiropractor; culinary teacher
Week 1

Chris Valdes
26
Miami, Florida
Caterer

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Yaku Moton-Spruill returned to the competition in Week 10 of season 12 after winning Star Salvation, but was again eliminated midway through the latter episode.

Jump up ^ Cory Bahr returned to the competition in Week 10 of season 13 after winning Star Salvation.

Jump up ^ Tom won Star Salvation in Week 8 of season 14 to be reinstated in the competition.

tag: ol