document_title: Smoking age

question_text: how old do you have to be to buy cigarettes in new york state

text: Smoking age

text: Smoking age laws by region[edit]

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Algeria
None
19
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors under the age of 19 years.
(Chapitre IV sur les problèmes de santé l'article 93: "la vente de tabac ou produits du tabac aux mineurs est interdite".)[1]

 Angola
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors under the age of 18.[2]

 Benin
None
18
[3]

 Botswana
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors under the age of 18 Any person who sells, by retail, any tobacco product, shall display clearly, for the public, a notice to the effect that the sale of any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[4]

 Burkina Faso
None
18
[5]

 Burundi
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes to anyone under the age of 18. Other tobacco products are not regulated.[6]

 Cameroon
15

 Cape Verde
15

 Central African Republic
14

 Chad
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. Minors and pregnant women may not smoke in public.[7]

 Comoros
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited. Vendors of tobacco products must visibly and prominently display at their point of sale a notice of prohibition of the sale of tobacco to minors and by minors.[8]

 Republic of the Congo
18
[9]

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
18
It is illegal for minors to smoke in public, and for anyone to give or sell tobacco to a minor.
(ARRETE MINISTERIEL N°1250 Article 1: L'usage, la vente, l'achat et la consommation du tabac, de ses produits et de ses dérivés sont strictement interdits aux mineurs.)[10]

 Djibouti
None
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor under the age of 16 years. A notice with the sale restrictions has to be placed at point of sale.[11]

 Egypt
18
A person must be eighteen years or over to legally purchase and consume tobacco products in Egypt. The smoking age however isn't strictly enforced, and IDs are barely requested.

 Equatorial Guinea
18
[12]

 Eritrea
None
18
[13]

 Ethiopia
None
18
("No person may directly or indirectly give, provide or sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18.")[14]

 Gabon
None
18
[15]

 Gambia
None

 Ghana
18
[16]

 Guinea-Bissau
15

 Kenya
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. There is no minimum age to possess tobacco or smoke in public.[17]

 Lesotho
14

 Liberia
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor. Minors may not consume tobacco at any public place.[18]

 Libya
None
18
It is strictly prohibited to sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years.[19]

 Madagascar
None
18
[20]

 Malawi
14

 Mali
None
18
[21]

 Mauritius
18
A person must be 18 years old to purchase or to smoke cigarettes including any tobacco products as is indicated in Public Health (Restrictions on Tobacco Products) Regulations 1999, Sec. 2(e)(i)).

 Morocco
16

 Mozambique
None
18
[22]

 Namibia
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor.[23]
No minimum age prior to April 14th 2010.

 Niger
None
18 (to enter smoking room or facility)
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor. Minors may not enter any smoking room or facility where smoking is permitted by law.[24]
No minimum age prior to July 17th 2008.

 Nigeria
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco products to a minor.[25]

 Republic of the Congo
14

 Rwanda
None
18
It is prohibited to involve a person under 18 in, buying, selling and exchanging of tobacco and tobacco products. It is also prohibited for the seller to sell tobacco and tobacco products to a person under 18.[26]

 São Tomé and Príncipe
None
16
[27]

 Senegal
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. (Chapitre III.- Accès aux produits du tabac: Article 17 Il est interdit de vendre ou d'offrir aux mineurs ou de faire vendre ou de faire offrir par les mineurs du tabac ou tout produit du tabac.)[28]

 Seychelles
18
[29]

 Somalia
15

 South Africa
18
It is illegal to sell or supply any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18.[30]

 South Sudan
15

 Swaziland
None
18
It is illegal to sell and give tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[31]

 Sudan
None
18 (to enter smoking room or facility)
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a minor. Anyone under the age of 18 may also not handle, store, work or produce with tobacco or within such a facility.[32]

 Tanzania
18
It is unlawful to sell or give tobacco products to a minor, and to smoke such tobacco products if the individual is younger than 18 years.[33]

 Togo
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give any tobacco product to a minor.[34]

 Tunisia
None
18
[35]

 Uganda
None
21
It is now illegal for a person below the age of 21 to access cigarettes[36]

 Zambia
None
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 16 years. No minimum age for consumption and possession in public.
No minimum age prior to January 1st 1993.[37]

 Zimbabwe
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18. Minors may not sell tobacco.[38]

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Antigua and Barbuda
None
Antigua and Barbuda don't have any restrictions towards selling tobacco to minors or smoking in general.[39]

 Argentina
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors.[40]

 Bahamas
None
18
[41]

 Belize
None

 Bermuda
None
18
No person shall sell or supply any cigarettes, tobacco or tobacco products to a minor. A person selling or supplying any cigarettes, tobacco or tobacco products to a person who appears to be under 25 years of age shall, before selling or supplying them, ensure, by requiring photo identification, that the latter person is not a minor.[42]

 Bolivia
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[43]

 Brazil
18[44]
18
It is illegal to "sell Products whose ingredients can cause physical or psychic dependence, even if only through improper use" (…). This also includes tobacco products of any kind.[45]

 British Virgin Islands
None
18
It is illegal to sell or offer to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to purchase, possess or consume tobacco.[46]

 Canada

Regulations by province and territory:

Province/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

Federal Government
None
18[47]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18.
The minimum age was 16 years of prior to 1994.[48]

 Alberta
18[49]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18. Further, minors are not permitted to smoke at any public place.

 British Columbia
None
19[50]

 Manitoba
None
18[51]
It is illegal to sell, give, buy for, lend or otherwise provide tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Parents can provide tobacco products to their children on private property. Further it is legal to supply tobacco to a minor if it is solely for use in traditional Aboriginal spiritual or cultural practices or ceremonies.

 New Brunswick
None
19[52]
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. It is also illegal to attempt to purchase tobacco on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale to, a person under the age of 19 years.

 Newfoundland and Labrador
None
19[53]
It is illegal to sell, give or furnish, directly or indirectly, tobacco to a person under the age of 19 years.

 Northwest Territories
None
18[54]
No person shall sell or supply, or offer to sell or supply, tobacco or a tobacco accessory to a person under the age of 18. No one under the age of 18 years shall purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco or a tobacco accessory.

 Nova Scotia
19[55]
19[56]
No vendor or employee of a vendor shall sell or give tobacco or a tobacco product to a person under the age of nineteen years. No person shall purchase tobacco or a tobacco product on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale or give tobacco or a tobacco product, to a person under the age of nineteen years. No person under the age of nineteen years may possess tobacco.

 Nunavut
None
19[57]
No person shall sell or supply, or offer to sell or supply, tobacco to a person who is less than 19 years old.

 Ontario
None
19[58]
No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person who is less than 19 years old. No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person who appears to be less than 25 years old unless he or she has required the person to provide identification and is satisfied that the person is at least 19 years old.

 Prince Edward Island
None
19[59]
No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person under the age of 19 years. No person shall purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale to, a person under the age of 19 years. It is legal to supply tobacco to a minor if it is solely for use in traditional Aboriginal spiritual or cultural practices or ceremonies.

 Quebec
None
18[60]
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. The operator of a tobacco retail outlet may not give tobacco to a minor. The operator of a tobacco retail outlet may not sell tobacco to an adult, if the operator knows the person is purchasing the tobacco for a minor.

 Saskatchewan
None
18[61]
It is illegal to sell, lend, assign, give or send tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Yukon
18 (federal law)
The territory Yukon has no legislations which restrict the sale of tobacco products to minors. Federal laws apply.

 Chile
None
18
It is illegal to sell any form of tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[62]

 Colombia
None
18
It is forbidden for any individual or legal entity to directly or indirectly sell tobacco products and its derivatives in any of its presentations to minors under the age of 18 years. In case of question, one must ask each tobacco purchaser to show that he has reached majority age.[63]

 Costa Rica
None
18
Tobacco products may not be sold to minors. Wholesale or retail vendors of products shall have the obligation, at their own expense, to display posters that are visible, clear and prominently placed on the inside of places of sale, stating that the sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited.[64]

 Cuba
None
18
[65]

 Cayman Islands
None
18
(Tobacco Law, 2007 PART V – Section 10: No person shall sell tobacco to a minor.) [66]

 Dominican Republic
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[67]

 Ecuador
None
18
It is illegal to sell or let sell tobacco to or by a minor.[68]

 El Salvador
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a minor.[69]

 Falkland Islands
None

 Guatemala
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Public consumption of tobacco by minors is prohibited. (El decreto 90-97, Código de Salud, indica en su artículo 50)[70]

 Guyana
None
18
No tobacco may be sold or furnished to a minor.[71]

 Haiti
None
18

 Honduras
None
21
The sale and/or gifting of tobaccoderived products to persons under 21 years of age is prohibited.[72]

 Jamaica
None
18
[73]

 Mexico
None
18
[74]

 Nicaragua
None
18
[75]

 Panama
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited.[76]

 Paraguay
None
18
It is unlawful to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[77]

 Peru
18
The sale of tobacco products to/by minors under the age of 18 is prohibited.[78]

 Trinidad and Tobago
None
18
Tobacco shall not be sold to or by a child under the age of 18 years.[79]

 United States
(50 states and integral territories)
The federal law requires states to have a minimum age of 18 years for sale/purchase of tobacco products (21 U.S.C. § 387f. (3)(a)(ii)). State laws may extend this ban and also prohibit supply, possession and consumption to/by person underage. But most of the states do not directly ban the consumption of tobacco by a minor. The federal law requiring states to have a minimum purchasing age at 18 is enforced by withholding FEMA disaster and non-disaster grants from states that have purchasing ages under 18, and currently no state falls under that category.

Regulations by state:

State/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Alabama
19[80]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. Minors are prohibited from using and possessing tobacco products.
The minimum age was introduced in 1896.[81]

 Alaska
None
19[82]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. Possession by minors is prohibited. The minimum age requirement does not apply to a person who is a prisoner at an adult correctional facility.[83]
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1978.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 19 in 1988.[81]

 American Samoa
18

 Arizona
None
18[84]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products or smoking equipment to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for a minor to be in possession of tobacco or smoking equipment, or to receive them.

None
21[85][86]
Cottonwood and Douglas have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Arkansas
18[87]
It is illegal to give or sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to be in possession of tobacco products and to smoke in public.

 California
18[88]
21[89]
As of June 9, 2016, it is illegal to sell or furnish tobacco to a person under 21 years of age, with an exception for people in active military service who are 18 years old.
Before June 9, the age to purchase tobacco was 18 years of age. Amended after the 2016 election it is legal for persons age 18 and older to buy tobacco products with no filter. (Cigars, e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco, etc.)

 Colorado
18[90]
It is illegal to sell, give or distribute tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors under the age of 18 years are prohibited from being in possession of any tobacco product.

 Connecticut
None
18[91]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under 18. It is illegal for minors to possess tobacco in public.
A minimum age of 16 was introduced in 1902.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1987.[81]

 Delaware
None
18[92]
Selling, giving or otherwhise distributing tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years is illegal. Minors under the age of 18 years are not allowed to attempt to purchase tobacco or to be in the possession of tobacco products.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1953.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1992.[81][93]

 Florida
None
18[94]
The Florida Statutes make it a criminal offence so sell or supply tobacco to an individual under the age of 18 years. Minors may also not be in possession of tobacco products.

 Georgia
None
18[95]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to possess tobacco in public. Minors are allowed to possess tobacco products and to consume those, in private home if permission is given by parents or legal guardian.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1987.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1993.[81][93]

 Guam
18
The minimum age will be raised from 18 to 21, as of January 1, 2018.[96]

 Hawaii
21[97][98]
It is illegal to sell or furnish tobacco to a person under 21 years of age. It is also illegal for a person under 21 years of age to attempt to purchase tobacco.
The minimum age of 15 years was introduced on November 11, 1890.[99]
The minimum age was raised from 15 to 18 on January 1, 1988.[100]
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 21 on January 1, 2016.[101]

 Idaho
18[102][103]

 Illinois
None
18[104][105]

None
21[106][107]
The cities of Chicago and Evanston have a tobacco sales age of 21

 Indiana
None
18[108]
Giving, selling, providing and distributing tobacco to minors is illegal. Minors may not possess, accept or purchase tobacco. Minors are not allowed to enter a tobacco business, defined in state law as a business whose primary activity is the sale of tobacco products and accessories.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1980.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1987.[81]

 Iowa
18[109]
It is illegal for minors to be in possession of tobacco, to smoke in public or to purchase tobacco products. It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Kansas
None
18[110]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor. Minors may not possess or purchase or attempt to possess or purchase tobacco.

None
21[111]
Eight cities in Kansas have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Kentucky
None
18[112]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase or possess tobacco products. Prior to 1990 Kentucky had no minimum age to purchase tobacco. From 1990 until 1992 the minimum age was 16 years.
In 1992 the age was raised from 16 to 18 years of age. [93]

 Louisiana
None
18[113]
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor. A minor is not permitted to possess tobacco, except in private residences or if accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 years of age or older.
Prior to 1991 there was no minim age limit in Louisiana.

 Maine
18[114]
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor. A minor is not permitted to possess tobacco, except in private residences or if accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 years of age or older. Raised to 21 in 2017.

 Maryland
None
18[115][116]
Minimum age raised from 16 to 18 in 1989. [93]

 Massachusetts
None
18[117]
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors. Anyone else than the parents or guardian are prohibited from giving any form of tobacco to a minor.

None
21[118]
Over 100 cities in Massachusetts, including Boston, have age to 21 years.

 Michigan
18[119]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Minors are permitted to smoke on private premises.

 Minnesota
18[120]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Indian may furnish tobacco to an Indian under the age of 18 years if the tobacco is furnished as part of a traditional Indian spiritual or cultural ceremony.

 Mississippi
18[121]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

None
21[122]
Adams County has raised their tobacco age to 21

 Missouri
None
18[123]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. It is not illegal to give tobacco to minors on private premises nor is it illegal for minors to smoke in public.
Prior to 1992 Missouri did not have a minimum age limit.[93]

None
21[124]
Twelve cities in Missouri, including Kansas City, St, Louis and Jefferson City, have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Montana
None
18[125]
Sale or distribution of tobacco products to persons under 18 years of age is prohibited, whether over the counter, by vending machine, or otherwise.
Prior to 1993 there was no minimum age limit.[93]

 Nebraska
18[126][127]
It is illegal to sell, give or furnish, in any way tobacco to a minor. Minors may not smoke in public.

 Nevada
None
18[128]

 New Hampshire
18[129]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 New Jersey
None
21[130]
No person shall sell, give or furnish to a person under 19 years of age, any cigarettes made of tobacco.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1904.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1988.
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 19 in 2005.
The minimum age was raised from 19 to 21 on July 21, 2017, but doesn't take effect until November 1, 2017.[81]

None
21[131]
15 cities in New Jersey tobacco age to 21 years.

 New Mexico
None
18[132]
Prior to 1991 New Mexico had no minimum age.

 New York
None
18[133]
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.

None
21[134]
18 (Smoking supplies under federal/state law)
New York City bans all tobacco and e-cigarette sales to anyone under the age of 21.
Prior to May 18, 2014 the minimum age was 18 (by state law).

None
21[135]
Suffolk County bans all herbal cigarettes, rolling papers and pipes sales to anyone under the age of 21.

None
19
18 (Military)[136]
Onondaga County bans all tobacco product sales to anyone under the age of 19.

None
19[137]
Nassau County bans all tobacco product sales to anyone under the age of 19.

 North Carolina
None
18[138]
It is illegal for anyone under age 18 to buy, attempt to buy, to receive, or to use a false or misleading proof of age for the purpose of purchasing or receiving any tobacco product or cigarette wrapping papers.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1891.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1991.[81][93]

  North Dakota
18[139]

 Northern Mariana Islands
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.

 Ohio
18[140]

None
21[141]
Five cities in Ohio, including Cleveland, have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Oklahoma
None
18[142]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.
The minimum age of 18 years was introduced in 1915.

 Oregon
None
21[143]
Starting January 1, 2018 it will be illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 21 years.

 Pennsylvania
None
18[144]
It is illegal to sell, furnish, give or otherwise provide tobacco to a minor. Minors may not purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1972.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1990.[81][93]

 Puerto Rico
None
18

 Rhode Island
18[145][146]
No person under eighteen years of age shall purchase, nor shall any person sell, give, or deliver to any person under eighteen years of age, any tobacco products. No person under eighteen years of age shall use or possess, tobacco in any public street, place, or resort, any tobacco and/or electronic nicotine delivery system in any form.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1896.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1988.[81]

 South Carolina
None
18[147]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, or attempt to possess a tobacco product, or present or offer proof of age that is false or fraudulent for the purpose of purchasing or possessing a tobacco product.

 South Dakota
None
18
Prior to 1989 South Dakota didn't regulate the sale of cigarettes to minors. Only smokeless tobacco products could not be sold to minors.

 Tennessee
None
18[148]
It is unlawful for a person who has not attained 18 years of age to possess a tobacco product, to purchase or accept receipt of a tobacco product, or to present or offer to any person any purported proof of age which is false, fraudulent, or not actually that person's own for the purpose of purchasing or receiving any tobacco product.

 Texas
18[149]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Exception: The individual younger than 18 years of age possessed the cigarette or tobacco product in the presence of an adult parent, a guardian, or a spouse of the individual or an employer of the individual, if possession or receipt of the tobacco product is required in the performance of the employee's duties as an employee.
The minimum age to purchase, possess and consume tobacco was 16 years of age from 1899 to 1989.[93]

 United States Virgin Islands
None
18
[150]

 Utah
19[151]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products or smoking devices to anyone under the age of 19 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 19 years to possess, consume, purchase any tobacco product.

 Vermont
None
18[152]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess or purchase tobacco products.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1888.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1991.[81][93]

 Virginia
18[153]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess or purchase tobacco products.
Prior to 1991 the minimum age to purchase tobacco products was 16 years of age.[93]

 Washington
None
18[154]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 Washington, D.C.
None
18[155]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1891.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1990.[81][93]

 West Virginia
18[156]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess, consume or purchase tobacco products.

 Wisconsin
None
18[157]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 Wyoming
18[158]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess, consume or purchase tobacco products.
Prior to 1991 Wyoming had no minimum purchase/sale age for tobacco products.[93]

 Uruguay
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. A clearly legible notice with the sale ban to under anyone under the age of 18 years has to be placed inside and outside the premises.[159]

 Venezuela
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor.[160]

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Afghanistan
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to smoke or the use of tobacco in public buildings such as hospitals, schools and restaurants.[161]

 Bhutan
Illegal
In 2004, Bhutan became the first country to ban the sale, cultivation, and production of tobacco. People 18 and over may bring a limited amount of tobacco into Bhutan if they pay import duties.

 Brunei
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to possess, buy or consume tobacco products.[162]

 Bangladesh
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 16 years. Any police-officer in uniform or any other person or class of persons duty authorized by the Government has the power to seize and destroy tobacco products of anyone under the age of 16 years whom he finds smoking in public.[163]

 Cambodia
None
18
Any act of selling or distributing all types of tobacco products to persons aged under 18 years or to pregnant women whose pregnancy is obvious or is realized must be punished with six days to one month in prison and a fine of 100,000 riel to 1 million riel.[164]

 China
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. No one shall smoke on school or education premises. Weakly enforced to not enforced.
No age limit prior to December 29th 2006.[165]

 Hong Kong
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[166]

 India
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to sell tobacco within a radius of one hundred yards of any educational institution.[167]

 Indonesia
None
18
It is illegal to sell an supply tobacco products to pregnant women anyone under the age of 18 years.[168]

 Iran
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation will result in confiscation of tobacco from the minor and a fine for the salesperson.[169]

 Iraq
14

 Israel
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.
No minimum age prior to November 12th 2004.[170]

 Jordan
None
18 (Consumption of water pipes on premises)
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. It is also illegal to provide water pipes in cafes, restaurants and similar places.[171]

 Japan
20
Supplying tobacco to persons under 20 is punishable by a ¥10,000 fine.[172]

 Kazakhstan
None
18
[173]

 Kuwait
None
21
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21 years.[174]

 Kyrgyzstan
None
18
No minor shall sell or be sold tobacco products.[175]

 Lebanon
18
18
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor.[176]

 Macau
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for a minor to smoke or to obtain tobacco from a person of the legal age.[177]

 Malaysia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.[178]

 Maldives
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. The retailer must ensure that the buyer is at least 18 years of age. Furthermore, a clearly legible notice has to be displayed at point of sale stating that tobacco sales to minors are illegal.[179]

 Mongolia
15

   Nepal
None
18
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco products to minors and pregnant women.[180]

 North Korea
None
17
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.[181] (The tobacco law does not define the word "minor", but age of majority is reached at the age of 17 years).

 Oman
15

 Pakistan
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. A clearly legible notice with the sale restriction has to be placed at point of sale.[182]

 Palestine
14

 Philippines
18
Only people over 18 may buy cigarettes and tobacco due to the "STOP for Health Act". (Stop Tobacco and Other Products for Health)[183]

 Qatar
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco to a person unter the age of 18 years.[184]

 Saudi Arabia
18

 Singapore
18 (Present); will be raised to 21
It is illegal to sell or give, directly or indirectly any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years. No minor is allowed to consume or to possess any tobacco product in public.[185]

 South Korea
None
19
[186]

 Sri Lanka
None
21
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 21 years.[187]

 Syria
None
18
It is unlawful to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[188]

 Taiwan
18
It is illegal to sell or provide tobacco to a pregnant women and anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for a pregnant women or a child to smoke.[189]

 Tajikistan
14

 Thailand
None
18
[190]

 Turkmenistan
Illegal
In January 2016, President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedow reportedly banned tobacco sales in Turkmenistan.[191]

 United Arab Emirates
18

 Vietnam
18
It is illegal for people less than 18 years of age use, buy, and sell tobacco products. It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco product to people less than 18 years of age.[192]

 Yemen
14

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Albania
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to minors under the age of 18 years.[193]

 Armenia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors may not sell tobacco products.[194]
No minimum age prior to December 24th 2004.

 Austria
16
The minimum age is regulated by each federal state, but is nationwide 16 years. It is illegal in every state to sell or give tobacco products to a person under the age of 16 years as well as the consumption by a person under the age of 16 years in any public place.[195]

 Azerbaijan
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. The packaging of tobacco products must contain a warning that sale to minors is prohibited.[196]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 2002.

 Belarus
None
18
(Decree No. 28 of 2002 Section 32. "It is banned to sell tobacco products to citizens (by citizens) of the Republic of Belarus, foreign citizens and individuals with no citizenship under 18 years old.")[197]

 Belgium
None
16
("Il est interdit de vendre des produits de tabac aux jeunes de moins de 16 ans et la publicité pour les produits de tabac est interdite.")[198]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
18
It is illegal to sell and gift tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors under the age of 18 years to gift, sell and consume tobacco products.[199]
The minimum age was 15 years prior to September 28th 2004.
No minimum age prior to March 9th 1998.[200]

 Bulgaria
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[201]

 Croatia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. It is the responsibility of any salesperson to ensure that no tobacco is sold to minors and therefore to request an ID to make sure that the purchaser is at least 18 years of age. Minors may not sell tobacco products.[202]

 Cyprus
None
18
It is illegal to sell or otherwise provide tobacco products to a minor.
"(…)any person who provides a tobacco product to a minor is guilty of offense and in any case of his/her conviction, he/she shall be subject to a penalty not exceeding one thousand pounds or to incarceration not exceeding six months and/or to both penalties."[203]

 Czech Republic
None
18
Selling tobacco products to anyone under 18 is prohibited. Sale of tobacco products and tobacco through vending machines is permitted if the tobacco purchase age is not violated. The seller shall place a clearly visible notice displaying the sale restrictions of tobacco to person under the age of 18. A person selling tobacco must be 18 years or older, unless the minor is preparing for a future career in the hotel or tourism industry, as a cook-waiter or salesman. However, it is very easy to get tobacco products for minors as many sellers don't check the age.[204]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to September 2nd 1999.[205]

 Denmark
None
18
The minimum age was 16 years prior to September 1st 2008.[206]

 Estonia
18
The minimum age to purchase tobacco products or to smoke in public is set at 18. Minors may not be in possession of, or handle tobacco products.[207]

 Finland
18
Prior to October 2010 it was not illegal for minors to smoke in public.
The minimum age was 16 years prior to March 1st 1995.[208]

 France
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors under the age of 18 years may not smoke in any school or on school property.[209] Vending machines outside a tobacco shop is prohibited.
Prior to 21 July 2009 the minimum age to purchase tobacco products was 16 years of age.

 Georgia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors under the age of 18.[210]

 Germany
18
The Protection of Young Persons Act states that children and young people under 18 years of age shall not be sold tobacco pruducts nor should they be permitted to smoke in public. This does not apply to married adolescents.[211]
Minimum age was 18 from June 10th 1943 until January 1st 1952.[212]
Minimum age was 16 from January 1st 1952 to September 1st 2007.[213]

 Gibraltar
18
It is illegal to sell and furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Any police officer may confiscate tobacco from a minor in public.[214]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to July 7th 2006.[215]

 Greece
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors.[216]

 Hungary
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18. It is illegal to smoke under the age of 18. The sale of tobacco is prohibited within 200 m of schools and health care units.

 Iceland
None
18
It is illegal to sell or deliver tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors may not handle or sell tobacco products.[217]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 1985.
The minimum age was 16 years from January 1st 1985 to October 1st 1996.[218]

 Ireland
18
The sale of tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal. It is illegal to buy or smoke cigarettes if you are under the age of 18.[219]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to March 27th 2002.[220]

 Italy
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation is punished with a fine between €250.00 and €1000.00. If the law is violated more than once the fine is increased to €500.00 and €2,000.00 and a revocation of the tobacco license for at least 3 months.[221][222]

Minimum age for electronic cigarettes was 16 prior to May 1st 2013.[223]

 Kosovo*
None
[224]

 Latvia
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 is prohibited.[225]

 Liechtenstein
16
It is illegal for anyone under the age of 16 to possess or consume tobacco products.[226]

 Lithuania
18
No minimum age to smoke prior to May 1st 2015.

 Luxembourg
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[227][228]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 2006.
Minimum purchase age increased from 16 to 18 on 1 August 2017.

 Macedonia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[229]

 Malta
None
18
"No person shall sell, supply or distribute by way of compensation or otherwise, any cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, tobacco products or smoking requisites to any person who is under the age of 18 years, or in any manner induce such person to smoke."[230]

 Moldova
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[231]

 Montenegro
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18. A poster with the sale restrictions must be placed at point of sale.[232]

 Netherlands
None
18
The sale of tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal.[233] Smoking of tobacco is prohibited by law in all public buildings and in public transport. As of 1 January 2004 every employee has the right to work in a smoke-free environment. All forms of tobacco advertising, promotion or sponsorship are prohibited. Smoking remains prevalent in the Netherlands despite these efforts. Tobacco can be bought at every supermarket and at other stores.

 Norway
None
18
(No age limit for use of tobacco but no sales of cigarettes or Swedish snus to people under 18 by law.[234] Vending machines are only allowed when they are cited inside an approved store, with a demand of buying a receipt from the cashier first.[234] and imitation tobacco products are not allowed. Cigarette commercials are also strictly forbidden by law. As of June 2004, smoking is prohibited in all public places, including restaurants, pubs and work places.)

 Poland
None
18
Minors are not allowed to buy tobacco products.[235]

 Portugal
18
It is illegal to sell or give any tobacco product to a minor as well as the consumption of a tobacco product in any public place by a minor. There is a proposition to ban vending machines in places accessible to people younger than 18.[236]
Minimum age was 16 prior to January 1st 2008.

 Romania
None
18
There is a ban on sale of tobacco to those younger than 18. Vending machines selling tobacco are banned. There is no minimum legal age of smoking.

 Russia
None
18
Retail sales of tobacco products to any person under the age of 18 years are an offence.[237]

 Serbia
None
18
The sale to persons under 18 is prohibited. Contrary to that, a lot of salesmen sell cigarettes to minors in Serbia. Acquiring tobacco products is very easy for minors despite the law.

 Slovakia
None
18
Tobacco sales to under 18 year olds are prohibited.[238]

 Slovenia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18. ID-Card or passport has to be shown if requested.[239]

 Spain
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product or other smoking substances (e.g. electronic cigarettes) to a person under the age of 18 years.[240]
Minimum age was 16 in most regions prior to January 1st 2006.

 Sweden
None
18
It is illegal to sell or commercially distribute tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[241]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 1997.

  Switzerland

Regulations by canton:

States/territories
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Aargau
None
16
It is an offence to sell or supply (except for Parents) any tobacco product to a person under 16 years of age.[242]

 Appenzell Ausserrhoden
None
16
It is an offence to sell or supply any tobacco product to a person under 16 years of age.[243]

 Appenzell Innerrhoden
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Basel-Landschaft
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[245]

 Basel-Stadt
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[246]

 Bern
None
18 (to enter smoking facility or premises)
18
Selling or giving any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[247]

 Fribourg
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[248]

 Geneva
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Glarus
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[249]

 Graubünden
None
16
[250]

 Jura
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor.[251]

 Luzern
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[252]

 Neuchâtel
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[253]

 Nidwalden
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[254]

 Obwalden
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Schaffhausen
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[244]

 Schwyz
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Solothurn
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[255]

 St. Gallen
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[256]

 Thurgau
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[257]

 Ticino
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[244]

 Uri
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[258]

 Valais
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. Currently the cantonal government is planning to raise the minimum age to 18 years.[259]

 Vaud
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[260]

 Zug
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[261]

 Zürich
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[262]

 Turkey
None
18

 Ukraine
14
18

 United Kingdom
16
18
 England and  Wales:
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18.[263] The minimum age to smoke in public is 16 and authorities have the duty to seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently under the age of 16.[264]
Minimum age to purchase was 16 from 1908 to October 1st 2007.
No Minimum age prior 1908.

18
 Scotland:
A person who sells a tobacco product or cigarette papers to a person under the age of 18 commits an offence. Any person under the age of 18 who buys or attempts to buy a tobacco product or cigarette papers commits an offence as well as an adult who knowlingly buys a tobacco product or cigarette papers on behalf of a person under the age of 18.[265] Any constable who has reasonable grounds for suspecting that a person in a public place is under the age of 18, and in possession of a tobacco product or cigarette papers may require the person to surrender the tobacco product.[266]
Minimum age was 16 prior to September 30th 2007.

18
Northern Ireland:
A person who sells to a person under the age of 18 any tobacco or cigarette papers, whether for his own use or not, shall be guilty of an offence. A member of the Police Service of Northern Ireland may seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently under the age of 18 whom he finds smoking in any street or public place.[267]
Minimum age was 16 prior to September 1st 2008.

text: Disputed

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Australia

Regulations by state/territory:

Province/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Australian Capital Territory
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a person under the age of 18 years.[268] Further it is illegal to buy a tobacco product for a minor.[269]

 New South Wales
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco or non-tobacco smoking product to a person who is under the age of 18 years.[270]

 Northern Territory
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product to a minor or on behalf of a minors. It is illegal to smoke in a vehicle with a person under the age of 18 years present.[271][272]

 Queensland
None
18
It is illegal for an adult to supply a tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years; however, a responsible adult for a child does not commit an offence by supplying a smoking product to the child.[273]

 South Australia
None
18
It is an offence to supply any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years.[274]

 Tasmania
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.
Minimum age was 16 prior to January 1st 1997.[275]

 Victoria
None
18
It is illegal to supply tobacco to a minor. Smoking in a vehicle with a person under 18 present is an offence.[276]

 Western Australia
None
18
It is illegal to sell, deliver or supply tobacco or smoking implement to a minor. Purchase on behalf of people under 18 prohibited.[277][278]

 Fiji
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.[279]

 Micronesia, Federated States of
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.

 New Zealand
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.
No minimum age prior to 1903.
Minimum age of 15 years from 1903 to 1988.
Minimum age of 16 years from 1988 to 1998.[280][281]

 Palau
None
18
21 (Only rolling papers and elaus)
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. If the purchaser appears to be under the age of 30 years, ID must be checked before sale. It is illegal to employ anyone under the age of 21 handling tobacco products. It is illegal to sell rolling papers and elaus to anyone under the age of 21 years.[282]

 Papua New Guinea
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[283]

 Samoa
21
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 21 years. It is not illegal for a person under the age of 21 years to possess or smoke tobacco in public.[284]

 Solomon Islands
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to a minor.[285]

 Tonga
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to a minor.[286]

 Tokelau
16
It is illegal for a person under 16 to smoke tobacco.[287]

 Vanuatu
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a persons under 18. It is illegal for persons under 18 to smoke tobacco.[288]

text: Historical regulations[edit]

text:
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in Europe as of 1995:
  Minimum age is 18
  Minimum age is 16
  No minimum age

Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the United States as of 1989:[289]
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18
  Minimum age is 17
  Minimum age is 16
  No minimum age


document_title: List of Supergirl characters

question_text: who plays cat grant's son on supergirl

question_tokens: who plays cat grant 's son on supergirl

root

text: List of Supergirl characters

text: Overview[edit]

text:
Character
Portrayed by
First appearance
Seasons

1
2
3

Main characters

Kara Zor-El / Kara Danvers / Supergirl
Melissa Benoist
"Pilot"
Main

James Olsen / Guardian
Mehcad Brooks
Main

Alex Danvers
Chyler Leigh
Main

Winn Schott
Jeremy Jordan
Main

J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter
David Harewood
Main

Cat Grant
Calista Flockhart
Main
Recurring

Mon-El
Chris Wood
"The Adventures of Supergirl"
Does not appear
Main

Maggie Sawyer
Floriana Lima
"Welcome to Earth"
Does not appear
Main
Recurring

Lena Luthor
Katie McGrath
"The Adventures of Supergirl"
Does not appear
Recurring
Main

Samantha Arias / Reign
Odette Annable
"Girl of Steel"
Does not appear
Main

Recurring characters

Alura Zor-El / Astra In-Ze
Laura Benanti
"Pilot"
Recurring
Guest
Does not appear

Erica Durance
"Girl of Steel"
Does not appear
Recurring

Eliza Danvers
Helen Slater
"Pilot"
Recurring
Guest

Jeremiah Danvers
Dean Cain
Recurring
Guest
Does not appear

Agent Vasquez
Briana Venskus
Recurring
Guest
Does not appear

Zor-El
Robert Gant
Recurring
Guest
Does not appear

Non
Chris Vance
"Stronger Together"
Recurring
Does not appear

Maxwell Lord
Peter Facinelli
Recurring
Does not appear

Lucy Lane
Jenna Dewan-Tatum
"Fight or Flight"
Recurring
Does not appear

Sam Lane
Glenn Morshower
"Red Faced"
Recurring
Does not appear

Siobhan Smythe / Silver Banshee
Italia Ricci
"Truth, Justice and the American Way"
Recurring
Does not appear

Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman
Tyler Hoechlin
"The Adventures of Supergirl"
Does not appear
Recurring
Does not appear

Lillian Luthor
Brenda Strong
Does not appear
Recurring
Does not appear

Eve Teschmacher
Andrea Brooks
Does not appear
Recurring
Guest

Snapper Carr
Ian Gomez
"The Last Children of Krypton"
Does not appear
Recurring
Does not appear

M'gann M'orzz / Miss Martian
Sharon Leal
"Welcome to Earth"
Does not appear
Recurring
Guest

Lyra Strayd
Tamzin Merchant
"Mr. & Mrs. Mxyzptlk"
Does not appear
Recurring
Does not appear

Rhea
Teri Hatcher
"Exodus"
Does not appear
Recurring
Does not appear

tag: table

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Kara Zor-El / Kara Danvers / Supergirl[edit]

text: Kara Zor-El / Kara Danvers / Supergirl (portrayed by Melissa Benoist) is a 24-year-old Kryptonian living in National City, who must embrace her powers after previously hiding them. She assists her adoptive sister as part of the Department of Extranormal Operations (DEO) as she discovered the truth that her foster father also worked for the DEO so they would not take her, while Alex's co-workers at the DEO help her perfect her powers.[2][3] Kara works as Cat Grant's assistant at CatCo.[4] Benoist expressed her excitement over portraying the character, and being able to "(tell) a story about a human being really realizing their potential and their strength".[5] Claire Holt and Gemma Atkinson were considered for the role.[6][7][8] Malina Weissman and Izabela Vidovic portray a young Kara.[9][10]

tag: p

text: James Olsen / Guardian[edit]

text: James Olsen (portrayed by Mehcad Brooks) is a former Daily Planet photographer who moved to National City and became the new art director for his former colleague, Cat Grant's media company, CatCo Worldwide Media. He is a potential love interest for Kara.[3][4][11] Among his reasons for moving across the country include his breakup with his fiancée, Lucy Lane (with whom he has since reconciled),[12] and keeping an eye on the newly revealed Supergirl for Superman, who considers him a close friend. While working at the Daily Planet, James received the Pulitzer Prize for taking the first photograph of Superman.

text: In the second season, though initially attracted to each other, James and Kara decided that they are incompatible as a couple but remain friends. With Winn's help, James becomes Guardian.[13] He was also named acting CEO of CatCo Worldwide Media after Cat Grant took a sabbatical from the company.

text: Alex Danvers[edit]

text: Alexandra "Alex" Danvers (portrayed by Chyler Leigh) is Kara's adoptive sister. A brilliant scientist with a past as a party girl, she was hired by Hank Henshaw at the DEO after being arrested for drunk driving, in an effort to turn her life around and see potential in her. As Henshaw's protégée, Alex was personally trained by him in extensive combat, strategic tactics, and investigation after joining the DEO, eventually becoming his right-hand agent in the field. A skilled combatant, marksman, tactician,and investigator since, Alex tasks herself in providing rigorous training to Kara in order to decrease her reliance on her powers. Initially, like Kara, she becomes suspicious of the DEO and thus her own role upon learning of their father having worked there in order to protect Kara, but Alex ultimately learns that Henshaw is the Martian survivor J'onn J'onzz in shape-shifted disguise, whom her father (who she thought is dead) had rescued before his and the real Henshaw's deaths. After she is arrested and placed in custody for having known about J'onn, she and J'onn escape upon learning that her father is alive at Project Cadmus. She and J'onn are eventually pardoned by the President after they helped save the world from Non's attack with Kara and subsequently rejoin the DEO. Alex also obtains a kryptonite-powered exoskeleton from Non when she was under his mind control to fight Kara, which artificially enhances her strength and endurance when wearing it. She keeps the suit (however using another power source alternative Omegahedron) for later missions. In season 2, Alex realizes her homosexuality and pursues a relationship with National City PD's detective, Maggie Sawyer. She also confides in Sawyer her secret that she is a DEO agent and occasionally works together. Jordan Mazarati and Olivia Nikkanen portray a young Alex.[14][10]

text: Winn Schott[edit]

text: Winslow "Winn" Schott Jr. (portrayed by Jeremy Jordan) is a tech expert who works alongside Kara at CatCo and serves as one of her allies, helping her develop her costume and aiding her in her adventures as Supergirl. Winn has an unrequited crush on Kara and is rivals with James for her affection, and he later pursued a relationship with Cat's new assistant Siobhan Smythe until she turns into Supergirl's supernatural metahuman archenemy Silver Banshee. In the series, he is the son of Toyman.[4][15][16]

text: In the second season, he has left CatCo for a full-time position at the DEO recruited by Alex Danvers and Hank Henshaw.[17] He and James also become best friends. Winn is responsible for helping James to become the Guardian while he is called the man in the van by James. In addition to remain improving Kara's costume and offers her tech support, Winn also makes his own modifications with her interdimensional extrapolator, a device she received from Earth-1's metahuman inventor Cisco Ramon.

text: J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter[edit]

text: J'onn J'onzz (portrayed by David Harewood) is the head of the DEO who takes Hank Henshaw's likeness after Henshaw is killed in Peru while hunting J'onn. J'onn takes Henshaw's likeness in order to reform the DEO from within as well as a promise to Jeremiah Danvers to watch over Alex and Kara, who each subsequently trust him as a mentor after learning of his true identity. Prior to his escape from the holocaust on Mars, J'onn was a law enforcement officer to his people. In addition to his powers, J'onn learned various skills and knowledge after living on Earth over decades including martial arts, strategy, investigation tactics, in addition telepathically learned some of Henshaw's memories and knowledge, making him a formidable opponent when in human form without the need of his extraterrestrial abilities and capable to run the DEO in Henshaw's place. He takes Alex in as his protégée and forges her as a strong DEO agent, eventually she becomes his right-hand agent. In the episode "Falling", J'onn reveals to the whole world his true identity in order to stop Kara, who is affected by Red Kryptonite, from killing Alex. He is then arrested by the DEO agents who are at the scene, only to escape with Alex upon learning that Jeremiah has survived the attack and that he is being held at Project Cadmus, a facility that experiments with aliens and where he was going to be taken. The evolution of Henshaw was discussed during the filming of the pilot, with the executive producers jokingly saying that Harewood would be a good actor to play the Martian Manhunter in a potential television series, to which DC Comics' Geoff Johns asked why it could not be done in Supergirl. Harewood reflected that he had a difficult time "find[ing] an angle to play Hank Henshaw" in the pilot, and became excited when he was told about the change for his character's backstory.[18]

text: Cat Grant[edit]

text: Cat Grant (portrayed by Calista Flockhart) is the founder and CEO of CatCo Worldwide Media, who feels, since she "branded" Kara as "Supergirl", that she has proprietary custody over the new hero.[4][19] She was the personal assistant to Perry White prior to being a gossip columnist at the Daily Planet. Cat investigates and reveals that Supergirl is Superman's cousin, which then causes her to become a target for some of Superman's enemies. She also serves as a mentor to Kara, dispensing advice about being a woman in a man's world. In the episode "Hostile Takeover", she begins to suspect that Kara is Supergirl, while the second-season finale reveals she knew Kara was Supergirl all along.

text: Flockhart became a recurring actress for the second season, due to the series' production shift to Vancouver and her desire to take on projects near her Los Angeles home.[20] To accommodate this, Cat decides to take a leave of absence from CatCo, leaving James in charge during the second episode of season two. She returns in the final two episodes to help protect National City from the Daxamite invasion.[21] Flockhart will remain a recurring guest star for the third season.[22] In the third season's premiere, it is revealed that Cat has become Olivia Marsdin's Press Secretary.

text: Mon-El[edit]

text: Mon-El (portrayed by Chris Wood) is a survivor and prince of a royal family from the planet Daxam who seeks to become a superhero on Earth. Due to Daxamites being an offshoot of Kryptonians, Mon-El has similar powers to Superman and Supergirl. Mon-El crash lands on Earth in an escape pod at the end of the first season. His carefree and somewhat laid-back nature leads to friction with Kara as she mentors him in the ways of being a hero.[23][24][25] Mon-El eventually falls in love with Kara and they become a couple. After Kara triggers a weapon that laces the atmosphere with lead dust in order to stop Rhea's Daxamite army, Mon-El is forced to leave Earth.

text: Maggie Sawyer[edit]

text: Maggie Sawyer (portrayed by Floriana Lima) is a detective for the National City Police Department who takes a special interest in the cases involving aliens, metahumans, and other extraordinary occurrences. She uses her own experience as a lesbian to help guide Alex as the latter struggles to understand her own sexuality, and the two eventually begin a romantic relationship.[26]

text: Lima became a recurring actress for the third season. She noted the role was only intended to last for one season.[27]

text: Lena Luthor[edit]

text: Lena Luthor (portrayed by Katie McGrath) is the CEO of L-Corp (formerly known as Luthor Corp) and the younger paternal half-sister of Lex Luthor. She arrives in National City after Lex has been incarcerated, hoping to rebrand Luthor Corp as a force for good.[28] As the daughter of Lionel Luthor, to whom she is close to, Lena tries to redeem her family name after Lex's crimes have tarnished it and to break from her half-brother and step-mother's legacy. Initially, she believed that she was the adopted daughter of the Lionel and Lillian Luthor, but Lena learns that she is actually Lionel's illegitimate child from his extramarital affair. Lena meets Kara after Kara is assigned to interview Lena about L-Corp. Shortly after, the two develop a strong friendship. Later in the season she is taken advantage of by Rhea, under guise of fixing the portal to get her home, but instead brought all the Daxamites to earth. She is almost married off to Mon-El before the wedding is interrupted and they escape where she then aids her mother and Winn in driving away the Daxamites. Camille Marty portrays a young Lena.[29] McGrath was promoted to series regular for the third season.[30]

text: Samantha Arias / Reign[edit]

text: Samantha "Sam" Arias / Reign (portrayed by Odette Annable) is unknowingly an another Kryptonian survivor sent to Earth by a mysterious party on Krypton as an infant prior to its destruction.[31][32] Sam has no knowledge of her Kryptonian origin and was adopted by Patricia Arias. She is not yet exhibiting powers of her own like Supergirl's, but she is sensing that there is something unusual within herself and fears it. Samantha is also a single mother who struggles to raise her daughter Ruby, having distanced herself from her adoptive mother when she became pregnant with her daughter as a teenager. At one point, Sam demonstrated superhuman strength that let her lift a fallen tower off of her daughter Ruby during a terrorist attack; but she believes her strength in the moment was merely derived from epinephrine (adrenaline) and the heightened emotion of distress, and she loses the extra strength immediately after. She works for Lena Luthor, and is promoted to be the acting CEO of L-Corp after Lena Luthor buys CatCo.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: This is a list of recurring actors and the characters they portrayed in multiple episodes, which were significant roles. The characters are listed by the order in which they first appeared.

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text:
Laura Benanti as Alura Zor-El and Astra In-Ze: Kara's biological mother and aunt, who are twins. Alura's guidance (both in flashbacks, and as a Kryptonian Artificial Intelligence which acts as Kara's holographic virtual "mother", whose advice Kara can access in the present day) proves invaluable in Kara's journey,[33] while Astra plots to rule the Earth and targets Kara for revenge upon Alura, who was the judge who sentenced her to imprisonment at Fort Rozz, though she claims that she wanted to save Krypton and Earth. Attempting to kill J'onn J'onzz in the episode "For the Girl Who Has Everything", Astra is killed by Alex; thus, Non, her husband, seeks revenge on Kara. It is later revealed that Astra and Non created Myriad, a mind control program that is designed for the purpose of saving environment but can also be used to enslave people, and hence, is the main reason they are sentenced to Fort Rozz for life.[34] It was announced that Erica Durance would take over for Benanti as Alura for the third season, due to Benanti's other commitments. Durance previously portrayed Lois Lane on Smallville.[35]
Helen Slater as Eliza Danvers:[36] A scientist and Kara's foster mother, who is more protective of Kara than she is of her biological daughter, Alex. She is the one to tell Kara and Alex about her husband working with the DEO in order to protect Kara and warns them about Hank as he is not to be trusted because of his involvement in Jeremiah's death. After the revelation that J'onn J'onzz has secretly taken over leadership of the DEO in Henshaw's place, Eliza occasionally offers her scientific expertise for the organization when needed. Slater portrayed Supergirl in the 1984 film[37][38] and Lara-El in the television series Smallville.
Dean Cain as Jeremiah Danvers:[37] A scientist and Alex's biological father and Kara's foster father, who offered his services to the DEO by working with Hank in order to protect Kara. Ten years earlier and under mysterious circumstances, he and Hank went to South America to capture J'onn J'onzz, with whom Jeremiah became friends after the alien saved him. When Hank caught up and saw them shake hands, he tried to kill J'onn, leading to a fight between Jeremiah and Hank while trying to keep Hank from killing J'onzz; Hank then stabbed Jeremiah, who later killed him in self-defense, collapsed on the ground, and was left for dead. He asked J'onzz to watch over his daughters.[18] In the present, J'onn learns that Jeremiah not only survived the attack, but is also alive and being held at Project Cadmus. In season 2, Jeremiah is rescued and attempts to reintegrate into his family and the DEO, but eventually betrays them to Cadmus. It is revealed that he made an uneasy alliance with Lillian Luthor in order to protect Alex and Kara from her, and that he has been cybernetically enhanced like Hank Henshaw. He later turns against Cadmus. Cain portrayed Superman in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.[36][37][38]
Briana Venskus as Vasquez: A DEO agent who often works closely with Hank (J'onn), Alex, and Kara/Supergirl and is responsible for coordinating/relaying information on alien attacks or other incidents.
Peter Facinelli as Maxwell Lord:[39]

tag: ul

text:
Chris Vance as Non: A former scientist in league with the House of El and a brutal Kryptonian military officer who is sinister, powerful, and angry – the antithesis of all things Supergirl stands for and becomes her greatest threat[41][42][43] He is Astra's husband—and hence Kara's uncle—and second-in-command. He seeks revenge on Kara for Astra's death. However, despite his marriage to Astra, Non is not a faithful husband; he had an affair with Indigo at some point prior to being sentenced to the Phantom Zone.
Jenna Dewan-Tatum as Lucy Lane: The younger sister of Lois Lane and James' ex-fiancée.[44][45] In addition to her duties as trial counsel (prosecutor) for the Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army (where she held the rank of major), Lucy is a legal attaché on her father's staff, though she resigns her commission in order to remain in National City.[46] She later accepts a job as general counsel for CatCo. In the same episode, it is mentioned that she graduated from the United States Military Academy and earned her J.D./M.B.A. from Harvard Law School.[47] After breaking up with James again, Lucy leaves CatCo and returns to the military. She works with Colonel Jim Harper on the investigation into J'onn J'onzz. However, when Kara reveals to her that she is Supergirl, she helps rescue Hank and Alex, and is later named acting director of the DEO.[48] By the end of the first season, Lucy officially becomes a co-director with J'onn J'onzz after he returns to the DEO.
Brit Morgan as Leslie Willis / Livewire: A confident, abrasive, and funny shock-jock who works for CatCo and becomes as dangerous and shocking as her words following an accident[40][41] in which Supergirl rescues her from a potential helicopter crash during a lightning storm.[49] The rescue backfires when Supergirl gets struck by lightning while pulling Leslie out of the helicopter—electrocuting them both and giving Leslie electrical powers. She is captured and given over to the DEO. However, she is later broken out of prison by Siobhan Smythe/Silver Banshee, who wants to team up with her to get revenge on Cat. Along with her new partner, she is defeated by Supergirl again, this time with the help of The Flash and the citizens of National City, and is placed in police custody after The Flash adds new features to the National City Police Department on countering and imprisoning metahuman criminals. In the second season, she is taken from prison in an attempt to harvest her power; she is saved by Supergirl, who allows her to escape under a temporary truce.
Glenn Morshower as Sam Lane: A powerful military general and overprotective father to both Lucy and Lois whose arrival in National City stirs up trouble for Supergirl when he enlists her in a dangerous government initiative.[50]
Tyler Hoechlin as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman, after the adult version of the character was only shown briefly during the first season and only communicated via chat messaging.[51] Daniel DiMaggio appears as an alternate, teenage version of the character in a dream sequence.[52][53] Near the end of the first season, Superman proves vulnerable to Myriad's mind control, as Maxwell Lord put it "watched Sesame Street and went to preschool; nurture over nature." This leaves him unconscious in the DEO until the last episode, where he wonders if the headache he's having is what a hangover is like. He comes to National City at the beginning of Season 2 to help Kara out in dealing with Project Cadmus and Metallo before leaving to return to Metropolis, vowing to return if Kara needs it. At the end of season 2, Rhea uses silver Kryptonite to compel him to fight Kara, who is forced to knock him out. After he recovers from the Kryptonite, he helps Kara repel Rhea's invasion fleet.
Italia Ricci as Siobhan Smythe / Silver Banshee:[54] A new hire at CatCo Worldwide Media who clashes with Kara and later Supergirl. She briefly becomes Cat's top assistant, and has her sights set on becoming a media mogul in her own right. She has already attracted the attention of Winn, while discovering that her father had been involved in an affair upon learning he was a member of an Ashley Madison-esque website that is exposed by Indigo. When she sees a video of Supergirl (under the influence of Red Kryptonite) letting an alien get away, she tries to pitch it to Cat, and then tries to sell it to Cat's former employer, Daily Planet. When Cat finds this out, she fires Siobhan for her disloyalty. After another attempt to gain revenge on Kara fizzles, she discovers that she has the power to sonic scream.[48] Upon learning that the women of her family are taken over by a banshee's spirit whenever they are wronged, Siobhan decides to get even with Cat and Kara by teaming up with Livewire; in the process, she embraces her curse for the powers it provides and becomes Silver Banshee. In addition to her hypersonic ability, the Silver Banshee's strength and endurance are on par with Supergirl's after her powers increased and is implied that she would have other abilities. Despite hating Kara, Siobhan chooses not to kill her, knowing that she would break her curse and lose her powers if she does until someone wronged her once more. Ironically, not knowing that Supergirl is Kara, and if the Silver Banshee kills the superhero, she would become a regular human again. She is later defeated by Supergirl and the Flash, along with Livewire, and both she and her partner are imprisoned in metahuman cells provided by the Flash.
Laura Vandervoort as Indigo: A living computer, formerly known as Brainiac 8,[55] sentenced to Fort Rozz for turning against the people of Krypton, but now unstoppable on Earth. It is revealed that she was the one who hijacked Kara's pod and connected both the pod and Fort Rozz that brought them to Earth, and also that she despises Astra. After Kara and Winn defeat her and she disintegrates, Non recreates Indigo in order to do his bidding. Vandervoort portrayed Supergirl in the series Smallville.[56]
David Harewood as Hank Henshaw / Cyborg Superman: A former CIA agent and ex-head of the DEO who is ruthless and obsessed with hunting down aliens he believed to be dangerous. He died after he stabbed Jeremiah Danvers in Peru while hunting the alien J'onn J'onzz. He was subsequently taken in by Project Cadmus, where he was enhanced to become the Cyborg Superman.[57]

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text:
Brenda Strong as Lillian Luthor: The leader of Project Cadmus, Lex Luthor's mother and Lena Luthor's step-mother.[58][59] She and her team were the ones responsible for turning John Corben and Hank Henshaw into Metallo and Cyborg Superman respectively. After Metallo had an encounter with Supergirl and Superman, Project Cadmus eventually reveals that it has gone rogue, and is waging war against all alien life on Earth. Lillian is arrested after a failed attempt to wipe out all aliens in National City with a Kryptonian bioweapon, but is later freed by Metallo. Lillian is estranged from Lena since her husband favors her over their son, and blamed Lena's mother for the deterioration of her relationship with Lionel. During the Daxamite invasion, she briefly allies with Kara in order to rescue Mon-El and Lena from Rhea, and helps Lena and Winn prepare a weapon that will disperse lead in Earth's atmosphere to drive away the Daxamites.
Ian Gomez as Snapper Carr: A newsman hired by Cat Grant to be the editor-in-chief of CatCo Magazine.[60] A hard-nosed old-school newspaper reporter/editor, Carr is initially hostile to Kara when Cat assigns her to become a reporter under him, and also towards Olsen when James takes over Cat's job.
Lynda Carter as Olivia Marsdin: The President of the United States.[61][62] It is revealed that she is a Durlan,[63] after she signs a bill granting amnesty for aliens living incognito in the U.S., prior to which she survives two assassination attempts. A benevolent alien refugee who escaped her home planet Durla as a child after an invasion, Olivia seeks to protect both other refugees and people of Earth from alien attacks and other threats due to her experience and thus she hates invaders. Carter previously portrayed the eponymous character of the 1970s Wonder Woman television series.
Sharon Leal as M'gann M'orzz / Miss Martian: A guilt-ridden White Martian who disguises herself as a Green Martian, forsaking her race's heritage. She tends bar at an underground bar for aliens in National City.[25] M'gann gradually earns J'onn J'onzz's trust and friendship after he discovers her true identity, and learns that she is benign and an outcast from her own people. Despite she and J'onn realizing they have romantic feelings for each other, M'gann chooses to return to Mars to search for other White Martians who are also against their race's savage legacy in hopes of ending it. M'gann later return to Earth in the season finale with other benevolent White Martians to help J'onn repel the Daximite invasion. She reveals to J'onn that there is a secret party within the White Martians' society who seeks to overthrow tyranny.
Tamzin Merchant as Lyra Strayd: An alien from the planet Starhaven who takes a romantic interest in Winn.[64]
Teri Hatcher as Rhea: Queen of Daxam and Mon-El's mother. She and Lar Gand journey to Earth in search of Mon-El. She is utterly determined to take Mon-El back to Daxam with her.[65] She tricks Lena Luthor into helping her build a transporter to bring a Daxamite fleet to conquer Earth. Rhea fights Kara in a one-on-one duel for the fate of Earth, but refuses to halt the invasion despite losing, and is killed when Kara activates a weapon that laces Earth's atmosphere with lead dust. Prior to her death, Mon-El reveals to his mother that he knows that she killed his father all along due to his awareness of her immorality, and thus he will grieve over his father but not her. Hatcher portrayed Lois Lane in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.[66]
Kevin Sorbo as Lar Gand: King of Daxam and Mon-El's father. He and Rhea journey to Earth in search of Mon-El. After he agrees to let his son remain on Earth, he is killed by Rhea, who views his decision as a betrayal.[67][65] Despite Rhea lies to her son that Lar killed himself, Mon-El knows that his father was not suicidal and realizes that his mother murdered him.

text: Introduced in season three[edit]

text: Amy Jackson will portray Imra Ardeen / Saturn Girl: A hero born on Titan, one of Saturn's moons, who has telekinetic abilities.[68]

text: Guest stars[edit]

text: The following is a supplementary list of guest stars, some recurring, who appear in lesser roles. The characters are listed in the order in which they first appeared.

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text:
Robert Gant as Zor-El: Kara's biological father.[14]
Faran Tahir as The Commander: An alien military expert who leads the forces aligned against Supergirl.[69]
Owain Yeoman as Vartox: An alien convict who has been hiding on Earth for the past twelve years and seeks a battle with Supergirl after she emerges, using the attempted plane crash that Kara aborted in order to draw her out. He commits suicide after Kara defeats him in their rematch before he could destroy National City.[70]
Justice Leak as Hellgrammite: An alien escapee from Fort Rozz who feeds on DDT, and is later killed by Alex. Based on the DC Comics character of the same name.[71]
Chris Browning as Ben Krull / Reactron: A former nuclear physicist and an enemy of Superman who decides to get revenge on him by trying to kill Supergirl as payback for his wife's death.[72]
Levi Miller as Carter Grant: The son of Cat Grant, he is sensitive and shy and has a crush on Supergirl, which he confesses to Kara when she babysits him.[73]
Iddo Goldberg as T. O. Morrow and Red Tornado: A brilliant scientist, and his android designed as the ultimate super-weapon that gains sentience. Morrow later reprograms Red Tornado to kill Kryptonians, and both are defeated by Alex and Kara, respectively.[42][74]
Joan Juliet Buck as Katherine Grant: Cat Grant's mother, whom Cat has despised due to her failure to recognize her daughter's success. Even Kara can barely stand to be in Katherine's presence for too long.[75]
Charles Halford as Jemm: An alien prisoner who uses the gemstone embedded in his forehead to manipulate people's emotions and behavior. He is a conqueror of 12 planets, for which he was also convicted.[76]
Hope Lauren as Bizarro: A mirror image of Supergirl, loosely based on the Bizarro Superman.[77][78] Lord creates her by infusing a comatose Jane Doe with Kara's DNA and black blood cells, and orders her to destroy Supergirl after learning the latter's true identity. With the exception of fire breath and freeze vision, her powers are identical to those of Supergirl. She is defeated by Kara after the DEO injects her with blue kryptonite and placed back in a comatose state at the DEO headquarters. Regular kryptonite will only strengthen Bizzaro.
Henry Czerny as Winslow Schott Sr. / Toyman: A mad criminal genius and Winn's estranged father who weaponizes toys to wreak destruction, as he seeks revenge on his former boss for stealing his ideas, which led Winslow to send a bomb to his workplace at the cost of six lives, excluding his boss, who survived because the secretary opened to package by accident.[15][79][80] He wants nothing more than to repair the bond between himself and Winn, but is seen as insane and unlikeable by his son.
Emma Caulfield as Cameron Chase[81]
Blake Jenner as Adam Foster:[82] Cat Grant's eldest son and thus Carter's half-brother. He serves as Kara's potential love interest and thus another rival for James and Winn.[83]
Tawny Cypress as Miranda Crane: A senator who uses her anti-alien beliefs to gain votes, but is forced to turn to Supergirl for help when her visit to National City is interrupted by an alien attack. She is kidnapped by the White Martian, who poses as Crane in order to kill the Martian Manhunter until Supergirl helps the latter avert it before it goes further. The real Crane apologizes and vows to help make peace with humans and aliens.[84]
Jeff Branson as Detective Draper / Master Jailer: A third-generation guard at Fort Rozz who turns vigilante after learning that many of its inmates were loose on Earth. He is bent on chasing down the escapees and bringing them to justice, believing that he is judge, jury, and executioner on Earth, even if the criminals were convicted of lighter crimes. He poses as a National City detective to get information on the escapees' whereabouts.[56]
Eddie McClintock as James Harper: A colonel for the United States Marine Corps who leads the investigation of Hank Henshaw / J'onn J'onzz's affair alongside Lucy Lane.[85]
Grant Gustin as Barry Allen / Flash: A crime scene investigator from Central City on Earth-1 (Arrowverse) who becomes a high speed superhero after being hit by dark-matter infused lightning. Barry accidentally arrives in Supergirl's reality after crossing a dimensional barrier while testing a tachyon accelerator with S.T.A.R. Labs, befriends Kara and Winn, and reveals the existences of the multiverse and metahumans to the former and her allies. The Flash helps Supergirl battle against Livewire and the Silver Banshee in addition to offering her advice and support and providing means for Supergirl's Earth's inhabitants to combat metahuman criminals, and eventually returns to his world with Supergirl's help. In season 2, Barry and his fellow heroes on his Earth recruit Kara to their universe to help battle against the Dominators, an armada of alien invaders who attack their world due to their fear with superpowered beings. The DEO eventually establishes an alliance with Earth-1's S.T.A.R. Labs after an encounter with the Music Meister. Gustin stars as the character on The Flash.[86]
Eve Torres Gracie as Maxima:[87] Another alien prisoner who is the queen of the planet Almerac and once attempted to make Superman her mate. She attempts to escape with the help of the D.E.O. agents including Lucy Lane (under the influence of Myriad) before Kara manages to stop her.

text: The hosts of The Talk, Sara Gilbert, Julie Chen, Sharon Osbourne, Aisha Tyler and Sheryl Underwood, cameo as themselves.[88]

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text:
Frederick Schmidt as John Corben / Metallo: An international assassin who is transformed into a cyborg by Project Cadmus after he is badly injured trying to kill Lena Luthor. He is later killed after the Kryptonite that was infused into his body turned him into a living bomb.[89]
Andrea Brooks as Eve Teschmacher: Cat Grant's, and later James', new assistant. She is named for a supporting character in the Superman film series.[17]
Rich Ting as Gilcrist / Metallo: A doctor working at Cadmus, who becomes a second Metallo alongside Corben.[90]
Nadine Crocker as Scorch: A pyrokinetic alien who attempts to assassinate President Marsdin.[91]
Dichen Lachman as Veronica Sinclair / Roulette: The operator of an underground alien fight club in National City, who later becomes a human trafficker for an alien slave trade.[92]
William Mapother as Rudy Jones / Parasite:[93] A scientist working on solving climate change that is fused with an alien parasite, giving him the ability to absorb powers or a person's life. Jones began killing senators who were stopping attempts at researching climate change, as well as mutating into a purple creature resembling the Flukeman after absorbing J'onzz and Kara's powers. Jones is eventually killed when Kara forces him to absorb a radioactive isotope.
Victor Zinck Jr. as Phillip Karnowsky / Barrage: A former Navy SEAL who eventually became a vengeful vigilante after the murder of his wife.
Carlos Valdes as Cisco Ramon / Vibe: A member of the Flash's team at S.T.A.R. Labs in Earth-1, who is a metahuman with the ability to detect anomalies within reality and sonic manipulation. Cisco is also an inventor who made various arsenal and gadgetry for heroes including Kara, who made her an extrapolator for interdimensional communications and travels. Valdes stars as the character on The Flash.[94]
Harley Quinn Smith as Izzy Williams:[95][96] A young woman who is kidnapped and transported to the planet Maladoria by Veronica Sinclair as part of a slavery smuggling ring.
Ian Butcher as Lionel Luthor:[97] Lillian Luthor's estranged husband, and Lex and Lena Luthor's father.
Aidan Fink as Lex Luthor: Lillian's son and Lena's half-brother. Fink portrays the character as a boy in flashback sequences in "Luthors".[98]
Peter Gadiot as Mister Mxyzptlk: An impish, reality-bending trickster from the 5th Dimension. He attempts to force Kara to marry him, but is banished back to the 5th Dimension when she tricks him into spelling his name backwards.[99]
Darren Criss as Music Meister:[100] An extra-dimensional being with the ability to hypnotize people with his eyes, sending them into a self-created dream world, and allowing him to syphon their abilities.
Rahul Kohli as Jack Spheer: The CEO of Spheerical and Lena's ex-boyfriend, who has created a new nanotechnogical medical solution known as Biomax.[101]
Lonnie Chavis as Marcus: A young alien who bonds with James Olsen.[102]
Mark Gibbon as General Zod: Superman's most feared enemy. He appears only in Superman's silver kryptonite-induced hallucinations.[103]

text: Introduced in season three[edit]

text:
Emma Tremblay portrays Ruby, Samantha Arias' daughter, who is smart, independently minded child fascinated by Supergirl.[22] Unbeknownst to Ruby and her mother, due to the latter's extraterrestrial origin, Ruby is a Human-Kryptonian hybrid who has not yet exhibiting her own powers.
Adrian Pasdar portrays Morgan Edge, a real estate developer who is at odds with Kara and Lena.[22]
Yael Grobglas portrays Gayle Marsh / Psi, a metahuman psychic who uses people's minds against them.[22]
Carl Lumbly portrays M'yrnn J'onzz, J'onn J'onnz's father who is a pacifist religious leader on Mars.[22] Lumbly has previously voiced J'onn J'onnz in various animated works.
Carlos Bernard portrays Oscar Rodas, Maggie Sawyer's estranged father and a police officer.[104]
Chad Lowe will portray Thomas Coville, the leader of a religious group that worships Supergirl.[105]
Betty Buckley will portray Patricia Arias, Samantha Arias's adoptive mother, who is estranged from her daughter after she became pregnant with Ruby as a teenager.[106]


document_title: Rory McCann

question_text: who plays the dog in game of thrones

question_tokens: who plays the dog in game of thrones

text: Rory McCann

text: Early life[edit]

text: McCann was born in Glasgow, Scotland.[2] He has a sister, Sally-Gay McCann, born in 1972.[3]

text: Before becoming an actor, McCann was a painter who studied at the Scottish School of Forestry near Inverness. He also worked as a bridge painter (on the Forth Road Bridge), landscape gardener and carpenter.[4] Rory McCann was first trained as an actor by writer-artist Robert Parsifal Finch in The Actor's Workshop, Glasgow. 1998.

text: Career[edit]

text: McCann's first acting job was as an extra on the film Willow (1988). He was fired because he laughed during the takes.[5] He appeared in an advertisement for Scott's Porage Oats, dressed in a vest and kilt.[5] As his first major acting role, McCann played a disabled personal trainer in the 2002 television comedy drama The Book Group, winning the Scottish BAFTA for the best television performance of 2002.[6]

text: Since then, he has taken television roles as Detective Inspector Stuart Brown in State of Play, Peter the Great in Peter in Paradise, and a priest in the award-winning British comedy drama series Shameless.

text: He made his Hollywood debut in the 2004 film Alexander, which required the actors to go through a boot-camp in the African desert, and included shooting in Thailand, Morocco as well as a London studio.[7] In 2007, he appeared as Michael "Lurch" Armstrong in Hot Fuzz. In 2008, he played Moby in The Crew and Atilla the Hun in the BBC docudrama Heroes and Villains.

text: McCann portrays Sandor "The Hound" Clegane in the HBO series Game of Thrones.[8][9][10]

text: Other projects include a BBC TV Series by writer Jimmy McGovern called Banished, set in Australia in the 18th century.[11] McCann plays a blacksmith named Marston.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: McCann's younger sister, Sally-Gay McCann, works on costumes for film and television; he worked alongside her on Alexander and Game of Thrones.[3] McCann is a supporter of the Scottish Green Party, and appeared in its 2007 Scottish Parliament general election broadcast.[12]

text: In 1990, McCann broke multiple bones in a near-fatal rock climbing accident in Yorkshire.[13]

text: McCann is the former frontman of a defunct band called Thundersoup.[7] He plays the piano, guitar, banjo and mandolin.[14]

text: McCann is known for living a solitary, transient lifestyle.[5] He often lives on his boat or in places without modern conveniences.[15][16]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2000
Pasty Faces
Goon

2003
The Devil's Tattoo
Eric

2003
Young Adam
Sam

2004
Alexander
Craterus

2005
Beowulf & Grendel
Breca

2006
Sixty Six
Policeman

2007
Hot Fuzz
Michael "Lurch" Armstrong

2008
The Crew
Moby

2009
Solomon Kane
McNess

2010
Clash of the Titans
Belo

2011
Season of the Witch
Soldier Commander
Credited as Rory MacCann

2015
Slow West
John Ross

2017
XXX: Return of Xander Cage
Tennyson "The Torch"

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1999
Coming Soon
Fergus
Television film

2000
Randall & Hopkirk
Bouncer
Episode: "Mental Apparition Disorder"

2000
Monarch of the Glen
Roger
Episode No. 1.6

2002
London's Burning
Keith
Episode No. 14.7

2002–2003
The Book Group
Kenny McLeod
Main role; 12 episodes

2003
State of Play
Stuart Brown
Episode No. 1.1; uncredited[citation needed]

2003
Rockface
Adam
Recurring role; 6 episodes

2003
Peter in Paradise
Peter the Great
Television film

2006
Shameless
Father Critchon
2 episodes

2008
Heroes and Villains
Attila the Hun
Episode: "Attila the Hun"

2011
The Jury
Derek Hatch
Main role (season 2); 5 episodes

2011–present
Game of Thrones
Sandor "The Hound" Clegane
Main role (seasons 1–4, 6–present); 33 episodes

2015
Banished
Marston
Main role; 4 episodes


document_title: Joker (playing card)

question_text: which joker is the high joker in spades

question_tokens: which joker is the high joker in spades

text: Joker (playing card)

text: Origin[edit]

text: In the game of Euchre, the highest trump card is the Jack of the trump suit, called the right bower (from the German Bauer); the second-highest trump, the left bower, is the Jack of the suit of the same color as trumps.[1][2] Around 1860, American Euchre players may have devised a higher trump, the "Best Bower", out of a blank card.[3]

text: Samuel Hart is credited with printing the first illustrated "Best Bower" card in 1863 with his "Imperial Bower".[4][5] Best Bower-type jokers continued to be produced well into the 20th-century. Cards labelled "Joker" began appearing around the late 1860s with some depicting clowns and jesters. It is believed that the term "Joker" comes from Juker or Juckerspiel, the original German spelling of Euchre.[6][7] One British manufacturer, Charles Goodall, was manufacturing packs with Jokers for the American market in 1871.[8] The first joker for the domestic British market was sold in 1874.[9] Italians call jokers "Jolly" as many early cards were labelled "Jolly Joker".[10]

text: The next game to use a joker was poker around 1875 where it functioned as a wild card.[11] Packs with two jokers started to become the norm during the late 1940s for the game of Canasta.[12][13][14] Since the 1950s, German and Austrian decks have included three jokers to play German rummy; in Poland the third joker is known as the blue joker. In Schleswig-Holstein, Zwickern decks come with six jokers.[15]

text: Appearance[edit]

text: Jokers do not have any standardized appearance across the card manufacturing industry. Each company produces their own depictions of the card. The publishers of playing cards trademark their jokers, which have unique artwork that often reflect contemporary culture.[16] Out of convention, jokers tend to be illustrated as jesters. There are usually two Jokers per deck, often noticeably d (different). For instance, the United States Playing Card Company (USPCC) prints their company's guarantee claim on only one. More common traits are the appearance of colored and black/non-colored Jokers. At times, the Jokers will each be colored to match the colors used for suits; there will be a red Joker, and a black Joker. In games where the jokers may need to be compared, the red, full-color, or larger-graphic Joker usually outranks the black, monochrome, or smaller-graphic one. If the joker colors are similar, the joker without a guarantee will outrank the guaranteed one. With the red and black jokers, the red one can alternately be counted as a heart/diamond and the black is used to substitute clubs/spades. The Unicode for playing cards provide symbols for three jokers: red, black, and white.

text: Many decks do not provide the Joker with a corner index symbol, of those that do, the most common is a solid five-pointed star or a star within a circle. It is also very common for decks to simply use a stylized "J" or the word "JOKER" in the corner.

text: Like sports trading cards, jokers are often prized by collectors. Many unusual jokers are available for purchase online while other collectible jokers are catalogued online for viewing.[17]

text: Tarot and cartomancy[edit]

text: The Joker is often compared to "(the) Fool" in the Tarot deck. They share many similarities both in appearance and play function. In Central Europe, the Fool is the highest trump; elsewhere as an "excuse" that can be played at any time to avoid following suit but cannot win.

text: Practitioners of cartomancy often include a Joker in the standard 52-card deck, with a meaning similar to the Fool card of Tarot. Sometimes the two Jokers are used: one approach is to identify the "black" Joker with the Fool and the "red" Joker with "the Magician," also known as the Juggler, a card which is somewhat similar in interpretation and is considered the first step in the "Fool's Journey."

text: Use of the Joker in card games[edit]

text: In a standard deck, there are usually two Jokers. The Joker's use varies greatly. Many card games omit the card entirely; as a result, Jokers are often used as informal replacements for lost or damaged cards in a deck by simply noting the lost card's rank and suit on the joker. Other games, such as a 25-card variant of Euchre which uses the joker as the highest trump, make it one of the most important in the game. Often, the joker is a wild card, and thereby allowed to represent other existing cards. The term "joker's wild" originates from this practice, as does the game show of the same name. The Joker Is Wild is also the name of a 1957 film starring Frank Sinatra.[18]

text: The Joker can be an extremely beneficial, or an extremely harmful, card. In Euchre it is often used to represent the highest trump. In poker, it is wild. However, in the children's game named Old Maid, a solitary joker represents the Maid, a card that is to be avoided.

text: Specific roles[edit]

text:
Euchre, 500: As the highest trump or "top Bower".
Canasta: The joker, like the deuce, is a wild card. However, the joker is worth 50 points in melding, as opposed to 20 for the deuce.
Gin Rummy: a wild card, able to be used as any necessary rank or suit to complete a meld.
Chase the Joker: An alternative version of Old Maid where the Joker card is used instead of the Ace.
War: In some variations, beats all other cards.
Pitch: A point card in some variations. Jokers usually are marked as "High" and "Low", one outranking the other.
Mighty: Second most-powerful card in the game, though it cannot be legally played on the first or last trick.
Daihinmin: a wild card, or a deuce (which ends the round and clears the discard pile).
Crazy Eights: a "skip" card, playable on top of any other card, that forces the next player to lose a turn.
Spades: uncommon, but can fulfill one of two roles. When playing with three or six players they are added to make the cards deal evenly (18 or 9 cards each, respectively). They are either "junk" cards playable anytime that cannot win a trick, or they count as the two highest trumps (the two Jokers must be differentiable; the "big Joker" outranks the "little Joker"). They also can be used in conjunction with teammates cards to create a pseudo-"trump", i.e. an Ace of Hearts and Joker played together would be counted as an Ace of Spades, inferior only to a natural Ace of Spades.
Double King Pede: As the lowest-ranked card, but worth 18 points.
Go Fish: In a game with two players, the joker pair is often used to bring the number of pairs to 27 and prevent a 13-13 tie.