document_title: Get Smart

question_text: what type of car did maxwell smart drive

question_tokens: what type of car did maxwell smart drive

text: Get Smart

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series centers on bumbling secret agent Maxwell Smart, also known as Agent 86, and his female partner, Agent 99.[7] Agents 86 and 99 work for "CONTROL," a secret U.S. government counter-intelligence agency based in Washington, D.C. The pair investigates and thwarts various threats to the world, though Smart's bumbling nature and demands to do things by-the-book invariably cause complications. However, Smart never fails to save the day. Looking on is the long-suffering head of CONTROL, who is addressed simply as "Chief."

text: The nemesis of CONTROL is KAOS, described as "an international organization of evil". In the series, KAOS was supposedly formed in Bucharest, Romania, in 1904.[8] Neither CONTROL nor KAOS is actually an acronym. Many guest actors appeared as KAOS agents, including William Schallert (who also had a recurring role as The Admiral, the first Chief of CONTROL). Conrad Siegfried, played by Bernie Kopell, is Smart's KAOS archenemy. King Moody (originally appearing as a generic KAOS killer) portrayed the dim-witted but burly Shtarker, Siegfried's assistant.

text: The enemies, world-takeover plots and gadgets seen in Get Smart parody the James Bond movies. "Do what they did except just stretch it half an inch," Mel Brooks said of the methods of this TV series.[9]

text: Max and 99 marry in season four, and have twins in season five. Agent 99 became the first woman on an American hit sitcom to keep her job after marriage and motherhood.[citation needed]

text: Production[edit]

text: Talent Associates commissioned Mel Brooks and Buck Henry to write a script about a bungling James Bond-like hero.[10] Brooks described the premise for the show which they created in an October 1965 Time magazine article:

text: Brooks and Henry proposed the show to ABC, where network executives called it "un-American" and demanded a "lovable dog to give the show more heart", as well as scenes showing Maxwell Smart's mother.[10] Brooks strongly objected to the second suggestion:

text: The cast and crew contributed joke and gadget ideas, especially Adams, but dialogue was rarely ad-libbed. An exception is the third-season episode "The Little Black Book." Don Rickles encouraged Adams to misbehave, and he ad-libbed. The result was so successful that the single episode was turned into two parts.[11]

text: The first four seasons were filmed at Sunset Bronson Studios, while the final season, shown on CBS, was filmed at CBS Studio Center.

text: Production personnel[edit]

text: Brooks had little involvement with the series after the first season, but Buck Henry served as story editor through 1967. The crew of the show included:

text:
Leonard B. Stern – Executive producer for the entire run of the series
Irving Szathmary – Music and theme composer and conductor for the entire run
Don Adams – Director of 13 episodes and writer of 2 episodes
David Davis – Associate producer
Gary Nelson – Director of the most episodes
Bruce Bilson – Director of the second most episodes
Gerald C. Gardner and Dee Caruso – Head writers for the series[12]
Reza Badiyi – Occasional director
Allan Burns and Chris Hayward – Frequent writers and producers
Stan Burns and Mike Marmer – Frequent writers
Richard Donner – Occasional director
James Komack – Writer and director
Arne Sultan – Frequent writer and producer
Lloyd Turner and Whitey Mitchell – Frequent writers and producers of season five

text: Characters[edit]

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text: CONTROL[edit]

text: CONTROL is a spy agency founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Harold Harmon Hargrade, a career officer in the United States Navy's N-2 (Intelligence) Branch. Hargrade served as the first Chief of CONTROL. "CONTROL" is not an acronym, but it is always shown in all capital letters as if it were.

text: Maxwell Smart, code number Agent 86 (portrayed by Don Adams) is the central character. Despite being a top secret government agent, he is absurdly clumsy, very naive and has occasional lapses of attention. Due to his frequent verbal gaffes and physical miscues, most of the people Smart encounters believe he is grossly incompetent. Despite these faults, Smart is also resourceful, skilled in hand-to-hand combat, a proficient marksman, and incredibly lucky. These assets have led to him having a phenomenal record of success in times of crisis in which he has often averted disaster, often on a national or global scale. This performance record means his only punishment in CONTROL for his mistakes is that he is the only agent without three weeks annual vacation time. Smart uses multiple cover identities, but the one used most often is as a greeting card salesman/executive. Owing to multiple assassination attempts, he tells his landlord he is in the insurance business, and on one occasion, that he works for the "Bureau of Internal Revenue". Smart served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and is an ensign in the U.S. Navy Reserve. He was played by Steve Carell in the 2008 film.

text: In 1999 TV Guide ranked Maxwell Smart number 19 on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list.[13] The character appears in every episode (though only briefly in "Ice Station Siegfried," as Don Adams was performing in Las Vegas for two weeks to settle gambling debts).[14]

text: Agent 99 (Barbara Feldon) is the tall, beautiful female agent whose appearance is useful in undercover operations. Generally, Agent 99 (her actual name is never revealed) is more competent than Smart, but Smart saves her life in several episodes. "Snoopy Smart vs the Red Baron" is the introduction of 99's mother (Jane Dulo), who appears so thoroughly fooled by her daughter and Smart's cover stories that not even seeing them in combat while a prisoner of KAOS convinces her otherwise. However, at one point her mother indicates that 99's father was also a spy. Creator Buck Henry pointed out to actress Barbara Feldon on the DVD commentary for Season 3 that when he tried to add funny lines for Agent 99, "They didn't want you to be 'joke funny.' They wanted you to be glamorous and interesting."[15] In the episode "99 Loses CONTROL", 99 tells Victor that her name is "Susan Hilton". When Max asks why she never told him what her real name was, she replies, "You never asked," to which Max says he prefers 99. Then, at the end of the episode, she says it is not her real name.[16][17] Her name is in fact intentionally never revealed, even at their own wedding in season four. She appears in all but seven episodes. She can typically be seen slouching, leaning, or sitting in scenes with Adams to hide the fact that she was slightly taller (5' 9" or 1.75 m) than Adams (5' 8½" or 1.74 m).[18] She was played by Anne Hathaway in the 2008 film and Get Smart's Bruce and Lloyd: Out of Control.

text: The Chief (Edward Platt) is the head of CONTROL. Although sarcastic and grouchy, the Chief is intelligent, serious, and sensible. He began his career at CONTROL as "Agent Q." (He joined the organization back when they assigned letters rather than numbers.) He is supportive of Agents 86 and 99 and rates them as his two closest friends, but he is frustrated with Smart for his frequent failures and foul-ups. As revealed in the season-one episode "The Day Smart Turned Chicken", his first name is Thaddeus, but it is rarely used. His cover identity (used primarily with 99's mom) is "Harold Clark". Another time, when KAOS arranges for the Chief to be recalled to active duty in the U.S. Navy (as a common seaman with Smart as his commanding officer), his official name is John Doe. He was played by Alan Arkin in the 2008 film.

text: Hymie the Robot (Richard "Dick" Gautier) is a humanoid robot built by Dr. Ratton to serve KAOS (when questioned about the curious name, Dr. Ratton replied "My father's name was Hymie!"), but in his first mission, Smart manages to turn him to the side of CONTROL. Hymie has numerous superhuman abilities, such as being physically stronger and faster than any human and being able to swallow poisons and register their name, type, and quantity, though his design does not include superhuman mental processing, most significantly characterized by an overly literal interpretation of commands. For example, when Smart tells Hymie to "get a hold of yourself", he grasps each arm with the other. Hymie also has emotions and is "programmed for neatness". He was played by Patrick Warburton in the 2008 film.

text: Agent 8 (Burt Mustin) is a retired CONTROL agent who appears in episode twenty three. He is revealed to be the Chief's best friend from his days at CONTROL.

text: Agent 13 (Dave Ketchum) is an agent who is usually stationed inside unlikely or unlucky places, such as cigarette machines, washing machines, lockers, trash cans, or fire hydrants. He tends to resent his assignments. Agent 13 is featured in several season-two episodes. He was played by Bill Murray in the 2008 film.

text: Agent 44 (Victor French) is Agent 13's predecessor and is also stationed in tight corners. Agent 44 sometimes falls into bouts of self-pity and complaining, and he would sometimes try to keep Max chatting for the company. Agent 44 appears in several episodes in the second half of season one. In the final season, there is a new Agent 44 (played by Al Molinaro) in two episodes. (Prior to starting as 44, Victor French has a brief guest role in the season-one episode "Too Many Chiefs" as Smart's Mutual Insurance agent.)

text: Agent Larabee (Robert Karvelas) is the Chief's slow-witted assistant. In a season five episode, it is reported that if anything happens to Smart, Larabee will take his place. Robert Karvelas was Don Adams' cousin. Larabee also appears in The Nude Bomb. He was played by David Koechner in the 2008 film.

text: Admiral Harold Harmon Hargrade or The Admiral (William Schallert) is the former chief. He founded CONTROL as a spy agency just after the turn of the 20th century. The admiral has a poor memory, believing the current U.S. President is still Herbert Hoover. As a 91-year-old, he has bad balance and often falls over.

text: Charlie Watkins / Agent 38 (Angelique Pettyjohn) is an undercover male agent and master of disguise. Agent 38 appears as a scantily clad glamorous woman in two season 2 episodes. He also appears once in season four as a different actress (Karen Authur). He can also switch to a feminine voice as part of the disguise.

text: Fang/Agent K-13 (played by Red) is a poorly trained CONTROL dog, who is seen during seasons one and two. He was a very successful CONTROL agent for quite a few years. He was trained by Max, which probably explains why he does not always follow directions properly. Their relationship began in Spy School, where they were members of the same graduating class. He sometimes uses the cover name Morris and his favorite toys are a turtleneck sweater, a rubber ducky and one of Max's slippers. Fang's career ends in the second season, as he is no longer showing energy in solving his cases. In honor of his outstanding service to CONTROL, the Chief retires Fang to a desk job, burying evidence. (He has a brief role in the 2008 film, being a pet-store dog that Max is in the habit of complaining to.) Fang was written out of the series in season two. He appears in six season-one episodes and two season-two episodes. He appears first in the pilot, "Mr. Big", and his last one was the season-two episode "Perils in a Pet Shop". Shots that involved Fang ended up running long and costing the production a lot of money in overtime and wasted time. After a few episodes of this, he was written out of the series. He was handled by Bill Weatherwax.

text: Carlson (Stacy Keach Sr.) is CONTROL's gadget man during season two. While inspecting the gadgets, Max usually creates minor mayhem. Carlson follows several CONTROL scientists who fulfill the same function in season one. They are the similarly named Carleton (Frank DeVol), the egotistical Windish (Robert O. Cornthwaite), and Parker (Milton Selzer).

text: Dr. Steele (Ellen Weston) is a CONTROL scientist who makes three appearances in season three. Dr. Steele is an intelligent, extremely attractive woman whose cover is a chorus dancer at a high-class burlesque theater. The entrance to her laboratory is through a large courier box sidestage. Dr Steele often performs complex scientific procedures while wearing her revealing performance costumes. She is often seen explaining her findings while warming up for her next dance, and then suddenly departing for her performance. Dr. Steele is replaced with the similar Dr. Simon (Ann Elder), who appears in two episodes of season four and is mentioned once in season five.

text: Harry Hoo (Joey Forman) Hoo is a Hawaiian detective from Honolulu, who is depicted as a send-up of the fictional detective Charlie Chan. Hoo is not a member of CONTROL, but they work together on murder cases. Hoo's introduction usually creates confusion in the manner of Abbott and Costello's "Who's on First?" routine. Hoo always analyzes a mystery by presenting "two possibilities", of which the latter (if not both) is absurd. Max likes to upstage Hoo by jumping in with "two possibilities" of his own, which are even crazier than Hoo's. Hoo responds with "Amazing!", spoken in a tone of disbelief rather than approval, but Max is oblivious to this. Initially, the character was a lampoon of Chan, but in a later episode Hoo appeared rather more brilliant and resourceful, with Max, though helpful as always, appearing more so as a contrast.

text: KAOS[edit]

text: KAOS is a (fictional) "international organization of evil" formed in Bucharest, Romania, in 1904; like "CONTROL", "KAOS" is not an acronym. They were supposed to be, but Brooks and Henry were so busy, they forgot to have the names stand for anything. In a series episode, after making a series of demands in a recording, the speaker mentions the demands are from "KAOS, a Delaware Corporation". When Smart asks the chief about this, he mentions they did it for tax reasons.

text: Mr. Big (Michael Dunn) is the presumed head of KAOS and a little person. He only appears in the black-and-white pilot episode, and is killed by his own doomsday death ray. A successor is chosen in another episode but is arrested by CONTROL. A few nameless KAOS chiefs appear in subsequent episodes.

text: Ludwig Von Siegfried,[19] Konrad Siegfried, Count Von Siegfried,[20] simply Siegfried, or Herr Siegfried in most episodes (Bernie Kopell) is a recurring villain, and the Vice President in charge of Public Relations and Terror at KAOS[21] though his title does vary. Siegfried is Maxwell Smart's "opposite number" and nemesis, even though the two characters share similar traits and often speak fondly of one another—even in the midst of attempting to assassinate each other. Speaking English with an exaggerated German accent, the gray-haired, mustachioed, and dueling-scarred Siegfried's catchphrase is, "Zis is KAOS! Ve don't [some action] here!" He was played by Terence Stamp in the 2008 film.

text: Shtarker (King Moody) is Siegfried's chief henchman. Shtarker is an overzealous lackey whose most notable trait is his abrupt personality change from sadistic villain to presumptuous child, interrupting conversations to helpfully elaborate, using silly vocal noises to imitate things such as engines or guns. This prompts Siegfried to utter his catch phrase, "Shtarker...Nein! Zis is KAOS! Ve don't [weakly imitates Shtarker's sound effect] here!" (In the DVD commentary for the first episode in which the character appears, in season two, Bernie Kopell notes that "shtarker" is a real Yiddish word meaning a person of great strength.) Although he looks rather young for it, he claims to have been track champion of the Third Reich, and the second man out of El Alamein (right behind Siegfried). He was played by Ken Davitian in the 2008 film.

text: The Claw (Leonard Strong) is a Julius No-type Asian villain representing the east-Asian branch of KAOS. In place of the Claw's left hand is a powerful magnetic prosthesis with immobile fingers and an occasional attachment, hence his name (although when Smart first meets him, the Claw asks "Do you know what they call me?" holding up his claw. Smart helpfully suggests "Lefty?"). Sometimes the Claw would accidentally nab something with it, creating confusion. He is unable to pronounce the letter L and mispronounces his name as "Craw", with Smart repeatedly referring to him as "The Craw", much to his annoyance ("Not The Craw, THE CRAW!"). Like Siegfried, he has a huge, dimwitted assistant, named Bobo.

text: Natz[22] or Spinoza[23] (Ted de Corsia) is a villain who was arrested by Max at an unknown point and desires revenge for it. He attempts to exact his revenge using the KAOS robot Hymie, though Hymie ultimately defects to CONTROL. Later, Spinoza hatches a plan to destroy Hymie using a new robot named 'Groppo', though this plan, too, ultimately fails.

text: Doctor Ratton (Jim Boles) is a scientist who defected to KAOS. He built the robot Hymie for KAOS, but his abuse of Hymie ultimately leads to Hymie defecting and shooting him. Doctor Ratton survived the wound to construct the robot Groppo for Spinoza. However, to insure that Doctor Ratton does not return to the side of CONTROL and create more robots to counter KAOS, Spinoza uses Groppo to kill Ratton.

text: Simon the Likeable (Jack Gilford), who appears in "And Baby Makes 4" Parts 1 & 2 is a KAOS killer whose nice face mesmerizes everyone into liking him—except 99's mother, who knocks him out with a right cross, because Simon resembles her late, much-hated, and unlamented husband. (99's father never appears in any episode.)

text: Doctor Yes (Donald Davis), who appears in "Dr. Yes", is a parody of James Bond's Doctor No. When he asks questions of his four assistants, they each respond yes in their own individual languages, mainly in the order "Jawohl, Oui, Da, Sí." He captures Max and 99 in this episode and accidentally kills himself. When stung by an "electronic mosquito", he scratches his face with his poisonous fingernail.

text: Production notes[edit]

text: Gadgets[edit]

text: In Get Smart, telephones are concealed in over 50 objects, including a necktie, comb, watch, and a clock. A recurring gag is Max's shoe phone (an idea from Brooks). To use or answer it, he has to take off his shoe. There were a number of variations on the shoe phone. In "I Shot 86 Today" (season 4) his shoe phone is disguised as a golf shoe, complete with cleats, developed by the attractive armorer Dr. Simon. Smart's shoes sometimes contain other devices housed in the heels: an explosive pellet, a smoke bomb, compressed air capsules that propelled the wearer off the ground, and a suicide pill (which Max believes is for the enemy).

text: Agent 99 (Barbara Feldon) had her concealed telephones as well. She had one in her makeup compact, and also one in her fingernail. To use this last device, she would pretend to bite her nail nervously, while actually talking on her "nail phone."

text: On February 17, 2002, the prop shoe phone was included in a display titled "Spies: Secrets from the CIA, KGB, and Hollywood", a collection of real and fictional spy gear that exhibited at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California. Flinders University in South Australia has researched medical applications for Shoe Phone technology after being inspired by the show.[24]

text: Gag phones also appear in other guises. In the episode "Too Many Chiefs" (Season one), Max tells Tanya, the KAOS informer whom he is protecting, that if anyone breaks in to pick up the house phone, dial 1-1-7, and press the trigger on the handset, which converts it to a gun. The phone-gun is only used that once, but Max once carried a gun-phone, a revolver with a rotary dial built into the cylinder. In the episode "Satan Place", Max simultaneously holds conversations on seven different phones — the shoe, his tie, his belt, his wallet, a garter, a handkerchief and a pair of eyeglasses. Other unusual locations include a garden hose, a car cigarette lighter (hidden in the car phone), a bottle of perfume (Max complains of smelling like a woman), the steering wheel of his car, a painting of Agent 99, the headboard of his bed, a cheese sandwich, lab test tubes (Max grabs the wrong one and splashes himself), a Bunsen burner (Max puts out the flame anytime he pronounces a "p"), a plant in a planter beside the real working phone (operated by the dial of the working phone), and inside another full-sized working phone.

text: Other gadgets include a bullet-proof invisible wall in Max's apartment that lowers from the ceiling, into which Max and others often walk; a camera hidden in a bowl of soup (Cream of Technicolor) that takes a picture (with a conspicuous flash) of the person eating the soup with each spoonful; a Mini Magnet on a belt, which turns out to be stronger than KAOS's Maxi Magnet; and a powerful miniature laser weapon in the button of a sports jacket (the "laser blazer").

text: Another of the show's recurring gags is the "Cone of Silence". Smart would pedantically insist on following CONTROL's security protocols; when in the chief's office he would insist on speaking under the Cone of Silence—two transparent plastic hemispheres which are electrically lowered on top of Max and Chief—which invariably malfunction, requiring the characters to shout loudly to even have a chance of being understood by each other. Bystanders in the room could often hear them better, and sometimes relay messages back and forth. The Cone of Silence was the idea of Buck Henry, though it was preceded in an episode of the syndicated television show Science Fiction Theatre titled "Barrier of Silence", written by Lou Huston, that first aired on September 3, 1955, ten years ahead of the NBC comedy.[25]

text: Cars[edit]

text: The car that Smart is seen driving most frequently is a red 1965 Sunbeam Tiger two-seat roadster.[26]

text: This car had various custom features, such as a machine gun, smoke screen, radar tracking, and an ejection seat. The Sunbeam Alpine, upon which the Tiger was based, was used by customizer Gene Winfield because the Alpine's 4-cylinder engine afforded more room under the hood than the V8 in the Tiger.[27][28] AMT, Winfield's employer, made a model kit of the Tiger, complete with hidden weapons. It is the only kit of the Tiger, and has been reissued multiple times as a stock Tiger.

text: Don Adams received the Sunbeam and drove it for 10 years after the end of the show - since it was wrecked and repaired several times, the current whereabouts are unknown.[29]

text: A fan created a red Tiger/Alpine with a machine gun in 2002.[30]

text: In the black-and-white pilot episode only, Smart drives a 1961 Ferrari 250 GT PF Spider Cabriolet.[31]

text: In the opening credits, the Tiger was used for seasons 1–2. In seasons 3-4, Smart drives a light blue Volkswagen Karmann Ghia, because Volkswagen had become a sponsor of the show.[7] The Volkswagen was never used in the body of the show.[32] In season 5 (1969–1970), Buick became a show sponsor,[7] so the Tiger was replaced with a gold 1969 Opel GT, which also appears in the body of the show.

text: In season four (1968–1969), Adams uses a yellow Citroën 2CV in the wedding episode "With Love and Twitches" (Episode 4.09), and a blue 1968 Ford Shelby Mustang GT500 convertible with a tan interior and four seats (as required by the plot) in the episodes "A Tale of Two Tails" (4.07) and "The Laser Blazer" (4.10).

text: In the short-lived 1995 TV series, Smart is trying to sell the Karmann Ghia through the classified ads.

text: In Get Smart, Again!, Smart is seen driving a red 1986 Alfa Romeo Spider Veloce.

text: The Sunbeam Tiger, the Karmann Ghia, and the Opel GT all make brief appearances in the 2008 film. The Sunbeam Tiger is seen in the CONTROL Museum, along with the original shoe phone, which Smart also briefly uses. The Opel GT is driven by Bernie Kopell and is rear ended by a truck. Smart steals the Karmann Ghia to continue his escape.

text: Spies at work[edit]

text: CONTROL and KAOS did not seem to be above everyday bureaucracy and business quirks. KAOS is a Delaware corporation for tax purposes. CONTROL's union is the Guild of Surviving Control Agents, and Max is their negotiator; when a captured KAOS agent tells him about their survivors' benefits, the Chief is within earshot, and Max promptly uses the information for his labor talks.

text: In one episode, where Max infiltrates a KAOS-run garden shop, Max refuses to arrest the manager until after 5 p.m., so he can collect a full day's pay. The Chief threatens to fire him, but Max is not afraid; according to CONTROL's seniority policy, "If I get fired from CONTROL, Larrabee moves up!" The Chief gives in and lets Max stay on the job, rather than risk having the (even more) inept Larrabee take Max's place.

text: In another episode, Siegfried and Max casually discuss the various flavors of cyanide pills they have been issued. It is raspberry that month at CONTROL, and Max offers Siegfried a taste. In the same episode, Max and Siegfried have a show and tell of various weapons they have; Max boasts of having a deadly non-regulation pistol from a Chicago mail order house. (The prop used is actually an 1893 Borchardt C-93 pistol.)

text: Cover names were common. In "The Man Called Smart, Part 1," a phone call is announced for an alias, and Max identifies himself as the person in question. Second and third calls come in, each with its own alias, the last of which is his own real name of Maxwell Smart, which he initially does not answer. Smart tells the skeptical gallery owner that those are his names as well, making it obvious to any spy that he is taking calls from fellow agents and informants. Smart then makes himself even more visible by tangling the handset cords of the three phones.

text: CONTROL has a policy of burning pertinent documents after cases are closed; the reasons were detailed in their Rules and Regulations book, but nobody can read them, since they burned the only copy.

text: In the interest of company morale, both CONTROL and KAOS have their own bowling teams. In one episode where Smart takes over as Chief, it is noted in a conversation between Smart and Larabee that CONTROL has a delicatessen.

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

text: Get Smart used several familiar character actors and celebrities, and some future stars, in guest roles, including:

text:
Ian Abercrombie
Steve Allen
Barbara Bain
Billy Barty
Lee Bergere
Shelley Berman
Milton Berle
Joseph Bernard
Lynn Borden
Ernest Borgnine
Tom Bosley
Victor Buono
Carol Burnett
John Byner
James Caan
Howard Caine
Johnny Carson
Jack Cassidy
Ellen Corby
Wally Cox
Broderick Crawford
Dennis Cross
Robert Culp
John Dehner
Phyllis Diller
Michael Dunn
Robert Easton
Dana Elcar
Bill Erwin
Jamie Farr
John Fiedler
Joey Forman
Alice Ghostley
Jack Gilford
Leo Gordon
Farley Granger
Buddy Hackett
Sid Haig
Jonathan Harris
Marcel Hillaire
Bob Hope
John Hoyt
Conrad Janis
Gordon Jump
Kitty Kelly[33]
Ted Knight
James Komack
Martin Landau
Charles Lane
Len Lesser
Laurie Main
Kenneth Mars
Judith McConnell
Pat McCormick
Robert Middleton
Al Molinaro
Howard Morton
Burt Mustin
Barry Newman
Julie Newmar
Leonard Nimoy
Alan Oppenheimer
Pat Paulsen
Angelique Pettyjohn
Regis Philbin
Tom Poston
Ann Prentiss
Vincent Price
Maudie Prickett
Don Rickles
Alex Rocco
Cesar Romero
Vito Scotti
Larry Storch
Vic Tayback
Fred Willard
Jason Wingreen
Dana Wynter
Del Close
Victor Sen Yung

text: Both Bill Dana and Jonathan Harris, with whom Adams appeared on The Bill Dana Show, also appeared, as did Adams' father, William Yarmy, brother, Dick Yarmy, and daughter, Caroline Adams.

text: The series featured several cameo appearances by famous actors and comedians, sometimes uncredited and often comedian friends of Adams. Johnny Carson appeared, credited as "special guest conductor," in "Aboard the Orient Express." Carson returned for an uncredited cameo as a royal footman in the third-season episode "The King Lives?" Other performers to make cameo appearances included Steve Allen, Milton Berle, Ernest Borgnine, Wally Cox, Robert Culp (as a waiter in an episode sending up Culp's I Spy), Phyllis Diller, Buddy Hackett, Bob Hope and Martin Landau.

text: Actress Rose Michtom (the real life aunt of the show's executive producer Leonard Stern) appeared in at least 44 episodes – usually as a background extra with no speaking role. In the season 1 episode "Too Many Chiefs" when she is shown in a photograph, Max refers to her as "my Aunt Rose," but the Chief corrects Max by saying that it's actually KAOS agent Alexi Sebastian disguised as Max's Aunt Rose.[34] Fans refer to her as "Aunt Rose" in all of her dozens of appearances, even though her character is never actually named in most of them.[35]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series was broadcast on NBC-TV from September 18, 1965 to September 13, 1969, after which it moved to the CBS network for its final season, running from September 26, 1969 to September 11, 1970 with 138 total episodes produced. During its five-season run, Get Smart only broke the top 30 twice. It ranked at No. 12 during its first season, and at No. 22 during its second season, before falling out of the top 30 for its last three seasons. The series won seven Emmy Awards and it was nominated for another 14 Emmys as well as two Golden Globe Awards. In 1995, the series was briefly resurrected starring Adams and Feldon with Andy Dick as Max's and 99's son Zack Smart and Elaine Hendrix as 66.

text:
Get Smart series overview

Season
Episodes
Originally aired

Season premiere
Season finale
Network

1
30
September 18, 1965 (1965-09-18)
May 7, 1966 (1966-05-07)
NBC

2
30
September 17, 1966 (1966-09-17)
April 22, 1967 (1967-04-22)

3
26
September 16, 1967 (1967-09-16)
April 6, 1968 (1968-04-06)

4
26
September 21, 1968 (1968-09-21)
March 29, 1969 (1969-03-29)

5
26
September 26, 1969 (1969-09-26)
May 15, 1970 (1970-05-15)
CBS

text: Emmy awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Recipient

1967
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Comedy
Don Adams

1967
Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy
Buck Henry, Leonard Stern

1968
Outstanding Comedy Series
Burt Nodella, producer

1968
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Comedy
Don Adams

1968
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy
Bruce Bilson

1969
Outstanding Comedy Series
Burt Nodella

1969
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Comedy
Don Adams

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Films[edit]

text: Four feature-length movie versions have been produced after the end of the NBC/CBS run of the TV series:

text:
1980: The theatrically released The Nude Bomb—also known as The Return of Maxwell Smart or Maxwell Smart and the Nude Bomb
1989: The made-for-TV Get Smart, Again! on ABC
2008: Get Smart starring Steve Carell alongside Anne Hathaway from Warner Bros. Pictures; directed by Peter Segal. The film includes a dedication to Adams and Platt, who had died in 2005 and 1974, respectively. In its opening weekend, Get Smart topped the box office with $39.2 Million.
2008: Get Smart's Bruce and Lloyd: Out of Control; a made-for-DVD spin-off revolving around minor characters, Bruce and Lloyd, the masterminds behind the high-tech gadgets that are often used by Smart[36]

text: On October 7, 2008,[needs update] it was reported that Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow Pictures, Mosaic Media Group are producing a sequel. Steve Carell and Anne Hathaway are set to return, but the status of other cast members has not yet been announced.[37][38]

text: Television[edit]

text: Get Smart, Again! eventually prompted the development of a short-lived 1995 weekly series on FOX also titled Get Smart, with Adams and Feldon reprising their characters with Maxwell Smart now being the Chief of CONTROL as their bumbling son, Zach (Andy Dick), becomes CONTROL's star agent (Zach's twin sister is never seen nor mentioned, while 99 is a Congresswoman). The beginning teaser shows Maxwell Smart and Zach driving to CONTROL headquarters in a car wash separately; Smart, Zach and their secretary cram themselves into a secret elevator: a soda machine which "disappears". (A cleaning lady sits down in the open space when all of a sudden the machine pops up and knocks the woman into the ceiling!) A late episode of the 1995 series shows that just as Siegfried is leaving a room, Maxwell Smart accidentally activates an atomic bomb just before the end of the show. (The teaser for the episode shows an atomic bomb going off.) This ending is similar to a device used by the Get Smart-inspired series Sledge Hammer! at the end of its first season. Hopes for the series were not high, as Andy Dick had already moved on to NewsRadio, which premiered weeks later in 1995.

text: With the revival series on FOX, Get Smart became the first television franchise to air new episodes (or made-for-TV films) on each of the aforementioned current four major American television networks, although several TV shows in the 1940s and 1950s aired on NBC, CBS, ABC and DuMont. The different versions of Get Smart did not all feature the original lead cast.

text: Get Smart was parodied on a sketch in the Mexican comedy show De Nuez en Cuando called ["Super Agente 3.1486"],[39] making fun of the Spanish title of the series (Super Agente 86) and the way the series is dubbed.

text: An early MadTV sketch titled "Get Smarty" placed the Maxwell Smart character in situations from the film Get Shorty.

text: An episode of F Troop called "Spy, Counterspy, Counter–counterspy" featured Pat Harrington Jr. imitating Don Adams as secret agent "B. Wise."

text: The Simpsons episode "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade" parodies the opening of Get Smart in the couch gag. Homer goes through many futuristic doors and passageways until he reaches the phone booth, falls through the floor, and lands on the couch, with the rest of the family already seated.

text: Adams in similar roles[edit]

text: In the 1960s, Adams had a supporting role on the sitcom The Bill Dana Show (1963–1965) as the hopelessly inept hotel detective Byron Glick. His speech mannerisms, catch phrases ("Would you believe...?"), and other comedy bits were adapted for his "Maxwell Smart" role on Get Smart.

text: When WCGV-TV, a new independent station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin signed on the air in 1980, Adams did in-house promos as Agent 86 to let viewers know when the reruns of Get Smart aired on the station by using his shoephone.

text: In one of Adams' five appearances as a guest passenger on the series The Love Boat, his character, even when he thought he had been shot, makes no attempt to visit the ship's doctor. The role of the doctor on Love Boat was played by Bernie Kopell, who played Siegfried on Get Smart.

text: In 1982, Adams starred in a series of local commercials for New York City electronics chain Savemart as Maxwell Smart. The slogan was "Get Smart. Get SaveMart Smart."[40] In addition, Adams starred in a series of commercials for White Castle in 1992, paying homage to his Get Smart character with his catch phrase "Would you believe...?"

text: In the 1980s, Adams provided the (similar) voice of a bungling cyborg secret agent in the animated series Inspector Gadget. This later became a feature film in 1999 starring Matthew Broderick in the title role of Inspector John Brown Gadget (in which Adams had a cameo), and its prequel series Gadget Boy and Heather. Neither were directly related to Get Smart.

text: In the mid-1980s, Adams reprised his role of Maxwell Smart for a series of telephone banking commercials for Empire of America Federal Savings Bank in Buffalo, New York. The telephone banking service was called SmartLine, and Sherwin Greenberg Productions (a video production company and bank subsidiary) produced radio and television ads, as well as a series of still photos for use in promotional flyers that featured Don Adams' Maxwell Smart character wearing the familiar trenchcoat and holding a shoe phone to his ear. The television commercials were videotaped in Sherwin Greenberg Productions' studio on a set that resembled an old alleyway which utilized fog-making machinery for special effect. The production company even secured a lookalike of the red Alpine that Adams used in the television series, making it a memorable promotion for those familiar with the series of nearly 20 years earlier.

text: In the late 1980s Adams portrayed Smart in a series of TV commercials for Toyota New Zealand, for the 1990 model Toyota Starlet. While it is customary for the actor to go to the foreign location for shooting, Adams' apparent intense dislike of long-distance flying meant that the New Zealand specification car had to be shipped to the US for filming. He also appeared in another series of Canadian commercials in the late 1990s for a dial-around long distance carrier. In the movie Back to the Beach (1987), Adams played the Harbor Master, who used several of Maxwell Smart's catch phrases (including an exchange in which Frankie Avalon's character did a vague impression of Siegfried).

text: Adams played Smart in a 1989 TV commercial for Kmart. He was seen talking on his trademark shoe phone, telling the Chief about the great selection of electronics available at Kmart. An exact replica of himself approaches him, and Smart says, "Don't tell me you're a double agent." (This was a reference to a running gag on the original series, in which Max detected some sort of setback or danger, and would say to 99, "Don't tell me..." and then 99 replied by stating a confirmation of whatever Max was afraid to hear, to which Max would always respond, "I asked you not to tell me that!")

text: Adams also appeared in a number of McDonald's Hamburger Restaurant television commercials which also featured numerous classic/nostalgic TV series stars, such as Barbara Billingsley from "Leave It To Beaver", Buddy Ebsen from "The Beverly Hillbillies" and Al Lewis from "The Munsters".

text: Books and comics[edit]

text: A series of novels based on characters and dialog of the series was written by William Johnston and published by Tempo Books in the late 1960s. Dell Comics published a comic book for eight issues during 1966 and 1967, drawn in part by Steve Ditko.

text: Proposed movie[edit]

text: The 1966 Batman movie, made during that TV show's original run, prompted other television shows to propose similar films. The only one completed was Munster Go Home (1966), which was a box office flop, causing the cancellation of other projects, including the Get Smart movie. The script for that movie was turned into the three-part episode, "A Man Called Smart," airing April 8, 15 and 22, 1967.[41]

text: Play[edit]

text: In 1967, Christopher Sergel adapted a play Get Smart based on Brooks's and Henry's pilot episode.[42]

text: DVD releases and rights[edit]

text: All five seasons are available as box sets in region 1 (USA, Canada, and others) and Region 4 (Australia, New Zealand, and others). The region 1 discs are published by HBO Home Video, and region 4 by Time Life Video. Each region 1 box contains 4 discs, while region 4 editions have a 5th disc with bonus material. Region 4 editions are also available as individual discs with four to five episodes per disc. The season 1 set was released in both regions in 2008. Seasons 2 and 3 box sets were released in region 4 on July 23, 2008. Seasons 4 and 5 were released in region 4 on November 5, 2008. Seasons 2, 3, 4 and 5 in region 1 were released throughout 2009.

text: Another box set of the complete series is available in both regions, first published in 2006 by Time Life Video. In 2009 the region 1 edition was replaced by an HBO edition, and became more widely available.[43] All editions contain a 5th disc for each season, with bonus material. The set has 25 discs altogether.

text: The first four seasons were produced for NBC by Talent Associates. When it moved to CBS at the start of season five, it became an in-house production, with Talent Associates as silent partner. The series was sold to NBC Films for syndication.

text: Over decades, US distribution has changed from National Telefilm Associates to Republic Pictures, to Worldvision Enterprises, to Paramount Domestic Television, to CBS Paramount Domestic Television, to the current distributor, CBS Television Distribution. For decades, the syndication rights of all but a handful of the fifth-season episodes were encumbered with restrictions and reporting requirements;[specify] as a result, most of that season was rarely seen in syndication (though they were shown with more regularity on Nick at Nite and TV Land). The distribution changes (including the loosening of restrictions on the fifth season) were the result of corporate changes, especially the 2006 split of Viacom (owners of Paramount Pictures) into two companies.

text: HBO currently owns the copyrights to the series itself, due to Time-Life Films' 1977 acquisition of Talent Associates. Home videos are distributed by HBO Home Video. For a time the DVD release was only available through Time-Life (a former Time Warner division). Warner Bros. Television owns international distribution rights.

text: On August 10, 2015, the entire series was officially released on digital streaming platforms for the first time in preparation for the series 50th anniversary.[44][45]


document_title: Legal status of tattooing in the United States

question_text: how old do u have to be to get a tatoo in texas

root

text: In the United States, there is no federal law regulating the practice of tattooing. However, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo be 18 years or older.  This is partially based on the legal principle that a minor cannot enter into a legal contract or otherwise render informed consent for a procedure.  Most states permit a person under the age of 18 to receive a tattoo with permission of a parent or guardian, but some states outright prohibit tattooing under a certain age regardless of permission, with the exception of medical necessity (such as markings placed for radiation therapy).

tag: p

text: In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body).  They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated.  Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients.

text:
Legal Restrictions on Tattooing & Body Modification by State

State

Minimum Age (with parent/guardian consent)

Form of Parent/Guardian Consent

Notes & Exceptions

Intoxicated/Impaired Individuals

Area of Law/Type of Penalty

Licensing & Regulation

Relevant Statute(s) and Rules

Alabama

none specified[1]

informed written consent, signed in presence of the artist/service provider or their agent[1][2]

Ear piercing exempt from Alabama body art laws & rules.[2][3]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced[1][2]

Violations of Alabama Tattoo & Body Piercing laws are a class c misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $100 and/or up to 90 days imprisonment for each violation.[4]

Alabama's Department of Public Health licenses Tattoo, body piercing, & body art facilities, and sets standards for their operation.[5]
Individual tattoo artists, piercers, etc. require a permit.[2]

Ala. Code § 22-1-17A[3][6]
State Board of Health rules on Body Art Practices and Facilities.[2]

Alaska

18 (piercing excepted)[7]

parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure[7]

Minors may be pierced with parental consent [7]

no restriction[8]

Alaska Stat. § 08.13.217[7]

Arizona

none specified[9]

parent/guardian must be physically present[9]

Minors can have their ears pierced with the written or verbal consent of a parent/guardian, can have procedures prescribed by a health care provider.[9]

no restriction[9]

Violations are a class 6 felony.[9]

There are no health regulations for tattoo shops in Arizona. [10]

Tattoos. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3721[9]

Arkansas

16[11]

parent/guardian must both give written consent and be physically present[12]

none specified[12]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced.[12]

Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 20-27-1501 et seq.[12]

California

18 (piercing excepted)[13][14]

parent/guardian must be present during procedure

Minors may have their ears pierced with parental consent.[15]  They may be pierced elsewhere with parental consent, but not on their genitals or nipples. Permanent cosmetics are permitted on nipples, when done by a cosmetic technician and with parental consent.[14]

no restriction

Body Art. Cal. Health & Safety Code § 119300 to 119328[6][15]
Cal. Penal Code 653[13]

Colorado

18 Express written consent of parent or guardian[16]

parent/guardian must be present during procedure

Persons who are "noticeably impaired" cannot have body art procedures[16]

Body Artists. Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-4-2101 to 2103[6]

Connecticut

none specified

permission of parent or guardian[17][18]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[17]
Tattooing may only be performed by physicians, or by registered nurses & technicians working under the supervision of a physician.[18]

no restrictions

Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92a,[6][18]
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92g[6][17]

District of Columbia

18 (ear piercing excepted)[19]

written consent (for ear piercing)[19]

minors may have their ears pierced with written parental consent[19]

no restrictions[19]

Body Artists. DC Code § 47-2853.76d[6][19]

Delaware

18[20]

notarized written consent to the specific procedure[20]

none specified[20]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced[20]

Del. Code Ann. Title 11, Ch 5 §1114(a)[6][20]
Del. Code Ann. Title 16, Ch 2 §122(3)(w)[6]

Florida

16[21]

Must be accompanied by parent or guardian who can show proof of guardianship, both parent and minor must present photo ID, and a consent form must be notarized.[21]

for medical or dental purposes by a licensed physician or dentist[21]

no restriction

Fla. Stat. § 381.00787[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.0775 et seq.[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.075[6]

Georgia

18 (body piercing excepted)[22]

For body piercing: prior written consent of parent/guardian[23]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[23]
Minors may be body pierced with written parental consent[23]
Physicians and Osteopaths or technicians working under their direct supervision can give minors tattoos or produce scars for "medical or cosmetic purposes."[22]
No one can be tattooed within an inch of their eye socket.[24]

no restrictions

Ga. Code § 31-40-1 to 31-40-10[6]
Ga. Code § 16-12-5[6]
Ga. Code § 16-5-71.1[6]

Hawaii

none specified[25]

written consent of parent/guardian[25]

Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-13[6]
Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-379[6]

Idaho

14[26]

Written informed consent of parent/guardian, executed in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their agent/employee.[26]

Minors can have their ears pierced without parental consent.[6]
Piercing for medical procedures exempt.[6]

no restrictions

Idaho Code § 18-1523 (2004)[6]

Illinois

18 (body piercings excepted)[27]

Written consent of parent/guardian (for body piercings)[27]

Minors cannot be present in places where tattooing or body piercing is done except in the presence of a parent/guardian.[27]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[27]

no restrictions

Ill. Stat. 720 §5/12-10.1[6]
Ill.  Stat. 410 §54/1 t0 54/999[6]

Indiana

none specified[28]

Parent/guardian must both be present during the procedure and provide written permission.[28]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[28]

no restrictions

Ind. Code Ann. §35-42-2-7[6][28]
Ind. Code Ann. §16-19-3-4.1[6][29]

Iowa

18[30]

n/a - minors cannot be tattooed[30]

Body piercing is not regulated by state law in Iowa, however county or city laws may regulate it.[31]

no restrictions

Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Iowa Code §135.37[6]

Kansas

16[32]

Parent/guardian must give written consent, written consent must be notarized, and the parent/guardian must be present during the procedure.[32]

Minors may have their ears pierced[33]

no restrictions

Kan. Stat. Ann.  §65-1953[6]
Kan. Stat. Ann.  §65-1940 to 65-1954[6]

Kentucky

16

Parent/guardian must give written, notarized consent.[34]

none (ear piercing also requires written, notarized consent).[35]

Ky. Rev. Stat. §211.760[6]
Ky. Rev. Stat. §194A.050; 211.760[6]

Louisiana

16

Parent or guardian must consent, and their presence during the procedure is required for tattoos, but not for body piercings.[36]

no restrictions

La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14:93.2[6]
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:2831 et seq.[6]

Maine

18 (piercings excepted)[37]

For body piercings: prior legal consent of parent/guardian.[38]

Maine law does not require parent/guardian consent for ear piercing[39]

no restrictions

Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 32 § 4201-4329[6]

Maryland

none specified[40]

written consent, which must be retained for 3 years.

Piercing of the ear lobe is exempt[41]

no restriction

Health Department Regulations

A license is not required, but any person performing tattooing or piercing must comply with all the relevant health code regulations[40]

COMAR 10.06.01.02 and 10.06.01.06

Massachusetts

18 (except body piercing other than genitalia)[42]

Minors cannot receive tattoo, branding, or scarification at all.  For piercing of areas other than the genitalia, a parent may provide identification and sign the consent document.[42]

Physicians performing for treatment reasons and ear piercing are exempt from regulation.[42]

no restriction

County Health Department regulates body art, but all follow a model regulation set by the state.

Artists must have a permit, and establishments are subject to following specific health department regulations[42]

Model Regulations for Body Art Establishments[42]

Michigan

none specified[43]

Written, informed consent of parent/guardian.  Must be executed (signed) in the presences of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[43]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced.[43]

Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.13101 to 333.13112[44]

Minnesota

18 (piercings excepted)[45]

For piercings: presence of parent/guardian and a consent form are both required.[45]

Minors cannot be tattooed.  They can be body pierced, but not in the nipples or genitals.  Branding, scarification, suspension, subdermal implantation, microdermal, and tongue bifurcation are also prohibited for minors.[45]

cannot have any body art procedures.[45]

Minnesota Statutes 146B.07[45]

Mississippi

18

n/a - minors cannot be tattooed

piercing also prohibited except for the outer perimeter or lobe of the ear.

no restriction

Miss.Code Ann. §73-61

Missouri

none specified[46]

For both piercings and tattoos, parent/guardian must sign written consent in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[46]

cannot be tattooed, branded or body pierced.[46]

violations are a misdemeanor, punishable with a fine of up to $500 (more for repeat offenses)[46]

The state  director of the division of professional registration licenses all body artists, and sets rules & regulations for the operation of body art establishments.[47]

Mo. Rev. Stat. §324.520[46]

Montana

none specified[48]

Parent or guardian must give "explicit, in-person" consent.[48] Montana administrative rules also require that the parent/guardian be present throughout the procedure.[49]

cannot be tattooed or body pierced.[49]

A person who tattoos or body pierces a minor without parent/guardian consent is guilty of Unlawful transactions with children, punishable by a fine of up to $500 or six months in county jail, or both.[48]
Other violations of Montana body art laws are a misdemeanor, with punishments ranging from a fine of $50–100 for a first offense to $300 and/or 90 days in county jail for third and subsequent offense.[50]

Montana's Department of Health and Safety licenses and regulates body art establishments.[51] Local health boards may establish their own licensing and regulatory schemes in lieu of the state department's.[52]

Mont. Code Ann. §45-5-623[48]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-101 to 110[53]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-201 to 209[54]

Nebraska

none specified[55]

written consent, must be present during procedure

Piercing does not include the external parts of the ear[56]

No restrictions

Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1008, 38-1009, 38-1010, 38-1011, 38-1060, 38-10,165

Nevada

n/a[6]

n/a[6]

Nevada state law does not regulate tattoos, piercings, or other body art. Regional health districts may regulate the practice.  The southern Nevada Health District, for example, does not allow minors below the age of 14 to be tattooed, and requires a parent or guardian to provide written consent and be present during the procedure for 14- to 18-year-olds.  The southern Nevada district also bans tattoos on those who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[57]

n/a[6]

n/a[6]

New Hampshire

18 (piercings excepted)[58]

For piercings: parent/guardian must both sign written consent and be present during the procedure.

Minors cannot be tattooed or branded.  They may be pierced with parent/guardian consent.[58] Minors may have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[59]

no restrictions

N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 314[6]

New Jersey

none specified[60]

written permission of parent/guardian is required for tattooing and body piercing.[60]

Parent/guardian must be present and sign written consent for ear piercings as well as for body piercing.  Minors cannot have genital piercings even with parent/guardian consent.[61]

no restrictions

no restrictions

no restrictions

N.J. Stat. Ann. §2C:40-21
N.J.A.C. 8:27-1 et seq.
N.J. Stat. Ann. §26-1A-7[6]

New Mexico

none specified[62]

Written consent and presence during the procedure.

Medical procedures by physicians and ear piercing are exempt[63]

no restrictions

Administrative Regulations set by the Board of Barbers and Cosmetologists

All body artists are required to be licensed through the state, and are subject to regulations from the Board

Body Art Safe Practices Act. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 61-17B et seq.,[63] N.M. Administrative Code 16.36 et seq.[62]

New York

18 (piercings excepted) [64]

Minors cannot be tattooed with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent, signed in presence of the body artist or body art establishment owner.[65]

Written parental consent is not required for ear piercings.[66]

no restrictions

New York Public Health Law, Article 4-A[6][65]
N.Y. Public Health Law §460-466[6]
N.Y. Penal Law § 260.21[6]

North Carolina

18 (piercings excepted)[67]

Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. "Prior consent" of parent/guardian is required for body piercings.[67]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[67]

no restrictions

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 130A-283[68]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-400[69]

North Dakota

none specified[70]

Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure and give written consent.[70]

cannot get tattoos or other body art[71]

N.D. Code §23-01-35[72]
N.D. Code §12.1-31-13[6][70]

Ohio

none specified[73]

Parent/guardian must both sign a consent form and "appear in person at the business at the time the procedure is performed."[73]

none - parent/guardian consent and presence is also required for ear piercings.[73]

no restrictions

Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §3730.01 to 3730.99[6][73]

Oklahoma

18 (piercings excepted)[74]

Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent.  For piercings: parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure.[74]

Ear piercing is not governed/restricted by Oklahoma law.[74]
Scleral tattooing is illegal.[74]

cannot be tattooed.[74]

Okla. Stat. Title 21 §842.1, 842.2, 842.3[6]

Oregon

18 (piercings excepted)[75]

For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent and present proof of identity.[76][77]

Minors can only be tattooed with the authorization of a physician.[75]
Scarification and dermal implants are prohibited[78]
Persons with sunburns or skin diseases or disorders cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Minors cannot be pierced on the genitals or nipples, even with parent/guardian consent.[76]
Piercing on testes, deep shaft (corpus cavernosa), uvula, eyelids and sub-clavicle are all prohibited.[77]

cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]

Violations of Oregon body art laws are a misdemeanor.[79]
Violations of Health Licensing Office rules are fined (various amounts).[80]

Both body artists and body art establishments are licensed by the Oregon Health Licensing Office.[81] With the assistance of a Board of Body Art practitioners, the Health Licensing Office also sets detailed rules and regulations for body art.[82]

Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.350 et seq
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.401 to 410
Or. Rev. Stat. § 679.500[6]
Health Licensing Office Rules, especially Divisions 900, 905, 915 & 920[82]

Pennsylvania

none specified[83]

parent/guardian must both give consent and be present during the procedure.[83]

no restrictions

Pa. Cons. Stat. Title 18 § 6311[6][83]

Rhode Island

18 (piercings excepted)[84][85]

Minors cannot be tattooed.[84]  For piercings: parent/guardian must both give consent and be present for the procedure.[85]

no restrictions

Tattooing a minor is a criminal offense (misdemeanor), maximum fine $300[84]

Tattooing and body art are regulated by the department of health, artists must be registered.[85]

RI Gen L § 23-1-39[85]
RI Gen L § 11-9-15[84]

South Carolina

18 (piercings excepted)[86][87]

Minors cannot be tattooed.[86] For piercings: parent/guardian must either give written, notarized consent or be present during the procedure.[87]

Head, face, and neck tattoos are illegal.[86]

cannot be tattooed or body pierced[86][88]

Under the Health Code, persons violating restrictions on tattooing and body piercing are guilty of a misdemeanor.  Upon conviction, they may be fined up to $2500 or imprisoned for a year, or both.[86][87]

Tattoo and body piercing facilities are regulated by the Department of Health and Environmental Control.  Tattoo facilities are licensed, body piercing facilities require a permit, and artists must be registered[89][90]

S.C. Code § 44-32-10 to 44-32-120[88]
S.C. Code § 44-34-10 to 44-34-110[91]

South Dakota

none specified[92]

Parent/guardian must sign a consent form.[92]

cannot be tattooed or pierced[93][94]

Tattooing a minor is a class 2 misdemeanor.[95]

Tattooing and Body Piercing are governed by Department of Health rules.[96] Municipalities may set stricter regulations, and have the authority to license body artists.[95]

S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §26-10-19[92]
S.D. Laws § 9-34-17[95]

Tennessee

18 (piercings excepted)[97][98]

For tattoos that cover an existing tattoo (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[97]
For piercings: Parent/Guardian must give written consent, be present during the procedure.[98]

Minors over the age of sixteen may be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo, with parent/guardian consent.[97]

Minors who lie about their age to be tattooed are guilty of a "delinquent act," are required to pay a fine of $50–$250 and serve at least 20 hours of community service.[97]
Tattooing a minor is a class a misdemeanor,[97] breach of body piercing law is a class b misdemeanor.[99]

Tattoo artists and body piercers are licensed by the state department of health, tattoo shops require a certificate from the local health department.[100][101]

Tenn. Code §§ 62-38-201-310[102]

Texas

18 (piercings excepted)[103][104]

For body piercings and for covering existing tattoos (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/guardian must be present during procedure, sign an affidavit[103][104]

Ear piercing is exempt from body piercing statutes[105]
Minors may, with parent/guardian consent, be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo that has offensive, gang-related, or drug-related content, or "other words, symbols, or markings that the person's parent or guardian considers would be in the best interest of the person to cover"[103]
Tongue splitting prohibited.[106]

Cannot be tattooed or pierced.[103][107]

Misrepresenting one's age to get a tattoo, or to get a piercing without parental consent, is a class B misdemeanor[103][104]
Violations of Texas tattooing & body piercing statute are a Class A misdemeanor, with each day of violation counting as a separate offense.[108]
Health Commissioner can impose a fine of up to $5000 on artists & shops for each violation[109]

Tattoo artists and body piercers must be registered with the Texas Department of Health[110] Tattoo and body piercing shops must be licensed[111]

Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. §146[112]

Utah

none specified[113]

Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure, give written permission, and provide proof of identity.[113]

Parental consent not required by law for ear piercing[113]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class b misdemeanor, shops can be fined up to $1000 for each violation.[113]

Utah Code Ann. §76-10-2201[6]

Vermont

none specified[114]

Tattooists and body piercers must be registered.[114]

Vt. Stat. Ann. Title 26 §4101 to 4109[6][115]

Virginia

none specified[116]

Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[116]

Virginia law does not limit minors' ability to have their ears pierced.[116]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class 1 misdemeanor[116]

Tattoo artists and body piercers, as well as the operators of tattoo and body piercing establishments, are licensed by the state.[117][118]
Civic/local governments are empowered to regulate tattoo and body piercing establishments.[119]

Va. Code §54.1-700 et seq.
Va. Code §15.2-912
Va. Code § 18.2-371.3.[6]

Washington

18 (piercings excepted)[120]

cannot have tattoos, body piercings, or other body art.[121]

Wash. Code §26.28.085[120]
Wash. Code § 18.300[122]
Wash. Code § 246-145-001 to 060[123]
Wash. Code §70.54[124]

West Virginia

none specified[125]

parent/guardian must give written consent[125]

All persons receiving a tattoo must attest they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[125]

Tattoo shop owners and body piercing studios must register with local board of health, and must be registered as a business with the state[126][127][128]

W. Va. Code §16-37
W. Va. Code §16-38[129]

Wisconsin

18[130]

n/a (tattooing not permitted under 18)

Physicians in the course of professional practice are exempt

no restriction

Tattooing a minor or even offering to do so is subject to a fine of up to $200

Artists must be satisfy training requirements and obtain a license from the health department. Establishments are subject to inspection and licensing[131]

Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations 948.70 and 252.235

Wyoming

none specified[132]

Verbal consent, presence during procedure.[132]

Procedures performed under the supervision of a licensed physician, and piercing of the ear, do not count as body art for this law.

no restriction[132]

Misdemeanor criminal offense, punishable by fine and prison time[132]

Wyoming Statute §14-3-107[132]

tag: table


document_title: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

question_text: it has served as indias tomb of the unknown soldier

text: Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

text: History[edit]

text: France and the United Kingdom[edit]

text: During the First World War, the British and French armies who were allies during the war jointly decided to bury soldiers themselves. In the UK, under the Imperial War Graves Commission (now Commonwealth War Graves Commission), the Reverend David Railton had seen a grave marked by a rough cross while serving in the British Army as a chaplain on the Western Front, which bore the pencil-written legend "An Unknown British Soldier".[1] He suggested (together with the French in their own country) the creation at a national level of a symbolic funeral and burial of an "Unknown Warrior", proposing that the grave should in the UK include a national monument in the form of what is usually, but not in this particular case, a headstone. The idea received the support of the Dean of Westminster, Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and later from King George V, responding to a wave of public support.[1] At the same time, a similar concern grew in France. In November 1916, a local officer of Le Souvenir français proposed the idea of burying "an ignored soldier" in the Panthéon. A formal bill was presented in Parliament in November 1918. The decision was voted into law on September 1919.[2]

text: The United Kingdom and France conducted services connected with their 'monumental' graves (as presumably newly conceived, and in any case approved, by their respective armies) on Armistice Day 1920 (the burial itself taking place later in January of the following year in France). In the UK, the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior was created at Westminster Abbey, while in France La tombe du soldat inconnu was placed in the Arc de Triomphe.

text: Other countries[edit]

text: The idea of a symbolic Tomb of the Unknown Soldier then spread to other countries. In 1921, the Tomb of the Unknowns (United States), Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Portugal) and Monument to Vittorio Emanuele—Unknown Soldier (Italy) were all unveiled. Other nations have followed the practice and created their own tombs.

text: In the United States and other countries, tombs have also been created representing the fallen of other wars in their history. In Chile and Ukraine, second 'unknown tombs' were unveiled to commemorate The Unknown Sailor.

text: Symbolism[edit]

text: The Tombs of the Unknown Soldiers typically contain the remains of a dead soldier who is unidentified (or "known but to God" as the stone is sometimes inscribed).[3] These remains are considered impossible to be identified, and so serve as a symbol for all of a country's unknown dead wherever they fell in the war being remembered. The anonymity of the entombed soldier is the key symbolism of the monument; it could be the tomb of anyone who fell in service of the nation, and therefore serves as a monument symbolizing all of the sacrifices.

text: Examples[edit]

text: Tombs of the Unknown Soldier from around the world and various wars include:

text:
Countries
Location
Image
Description

Argentina
Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the Independence

Australia
Australian War Memorial in Canberra

The tomb of the Unknown Australian Soldier at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.

Austria
Heldenplatz in Vienna

[citation needed]

Bangladesh
Jatiyo Smriti Soudho in Savar Upazila

Jatiyo Sriti Shoudho (Bengali: জাতীয় স্মৃতি সৌধ Jatio Sriti Shoudho) or National Martyrs' Memorial is the national monument of Bangladesh is the symbol in the memory of the valour and the sacrifice of all those who gave their lives in the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, many of whom were buried in mass graves in that park.The monument is located in Savar, about 35 km north-west of the capital, Dhaka. It was designed by Syed Mainul Hossain.

Shikha Onirban or 'Eternal Flame' in Dhaka

Shikha Onirban was built to commemorate the valour and the sacrifices of Bangladesh Armed Forces Soldiers died In the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.

Belgium
Congress Column in Brussels

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the base of the location.

Bolivia
Monumento al Soldado Desconocido in La Paz

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, center piece of the location.[citation needed]

Brazil
Monument to the dead of World War II, Flamengo Park in Rio de Janeiro.

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on the monument's platform.

Brazilian Monument and Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of World War II, near Pistoia, Italy.

Votive Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, with monument pavilion.

Bulgaria
Monument to the Unknown Soldier in Sofia

Monument to the Unknown Soldier in Haskovo.[citation needed]

Canada
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the National War Memorial, Confederation Square in Ottawa

[4]

Chile
General Manuel Baquedano Square in Santiago

Contains the remains of a soldier who died in 1881 during the War of the Pacific.[citation needed]

Plaza de la Ciudadanía (Citizenship Square), Santiago

Contains the remains of a soldier found in Perú.[citation needed] Died in 1881 during the War of the Pacific.

Cripta del Morro de Arica (Rock of Arica Crypt), Arica

Contains the remains of a soldier found in 1998.[citation needed] Died during the War of the Pacific.

Unknown Sailor Monument

A monument built in honor to the sailors that fought and died in the Battle of Iquique, a naval battle off the coast of Chile.

Czech Republic
National Monument on Vítkov Hill in Prague

contains remains of an unknown Czech soldier fallen at the Battle of Zborov as well as an unknown Czechoslovak soldier fallen at the Battle of Dukla (1944), a part of a larger memorial to all Czechoslovak soldiers.

Dominican Republic
Flag Square of Santo Domingo

The Arc of the Square contains the tomb of the soldier who died for the freedom of the Dominicans in the Dominican War of Independence.

Egypt
Unknown Soldier Memorial in Cairo

Also includes the tomb of President Anwar Sadat.

Alexandria Naval Unknown Soldier Memorial

Estonia
Defence Forces Cemetery in Tallinn

Finland
Hietaniemi cemetery in Helsinki

In the centre of the military cemetery are the tombs of the unknown soldier and Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.

France
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier beneath the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile in Paris

Gambia
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier behind Arch 22 in Banjul

Germany
Unter den Linden, Berlin

Within a 19th-century guardhouse, the Neue Wache.

Greece
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Syntagma Square in Athens

Two quotations by Thucydides, from Pericles' Funeral Oration,[5][6] are inscribed on the retaining wall: Μία κλίνη κενὴ φέρεται ἐστρωμένη τῶν ἀφανῶν ("... and one bed is carried empty, made for the unknown ones"), and Ἀνδρῶν ἐπιφανῶν πᾶσα γῆ τάφος ("The whole earth is the burial ground of famous men"). The inscriptions flank a central sculpture in low relief, depicting a dying hoplite.
The monument is guarded round the clock by the Evzones of the Presidential Guard.

Hungary
Heroes' Square in Budapest

India
Amar Jawan Jyoti, New Delhi

Burning in a shrine under the arch of India Gate since 1971 is the Amar Jawan Jyoti (the flame of the immortal soldier) which marks the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The shrine itself is a black marble cenotaph with a rifle placed on its barrel, crested by a soldier's helmet. Each face of the cenotaph has inscribed in gold the words "Amar Jawan" (Immortal Warrior) in Hindi (Devanagri script). The Prime Minister of India pays homage to the country's fallen soldiers along with the Chiefs of Staff of each arm of the Armed Forces on each Republic Day of India.

Indonesia
The Pandu war cemetery at Bandung

The Field of Honor is a memorial to the unknown soldier. There is also the Tomb of the Unknown (Dutch) Sailor in Kembang Kuning war cemetery in Surabaya.[7]

Iran
Chizar, Tehran

In Iran, unknown soldiers are buried in public places. Chizar is the largest of all.

Behesht Zahra, Tehran

Iraq
The Monument to the Unknown Soldier, Baghdad

Israel
Garden of the Missing in Action in Mount Herzl, Jerusalem

Initially called the "Unknown Soldier Monument", the garden commemorates IDF soldiers whose burial place is unknown. A National Memorial Hall featuring a new memorial to the Unknown Soldier is scheduled to open nearby in 2015.

Italy
Piazza Venezia in Rome

The Tomb of the Milite Ignoto in the Altare della Patria (Vittoriano).

Japan
Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery in Tokyo

Ryozen Kannon in Kyoto

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the World in Ogose, Saitama

Dai Heiwa Kinen Tō in Tondabayashi, Osaka

Lebanon
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Lebanon, Beirut, Mathaf

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Lebanon represents the forming and independence of the Lebanese Armed Forces from the French Army in 1943.[8] The tomb also commemorates soldiers of the Legion of Orient[9] and the Army of the Levant during the French Mandate of Lebanon from 1920 to 1943.[8] The cenotaph in the middle includes a Cedrus libani tree surrounded by a laurel; the main symbol of Roman Legions. Around the cedar tree and laurel reads in Arabic : "Glory and Immortality for our Martyred Heroes". Behind the cenotaph are original Roman Columns.

Lithuania
Vienybės Square in Kaunas

Tomb of Nežinomas kareivis, with remains of soldier who died in fights against Bolsheviks in 1919.

Malaysia
National Monument in Kuala Lumpur

Completed in 1966 to commemorate combatants who fought against Japanese occupation of pre-independence Malaysia in World War II and the Malayan Races Liberation Army insurgency during the Malayan Emergency. Also includes a pre-independence cenotaph, which was shifted from its original location closer to the old town of Kuala Lumpur, commemorating the war dead of World War I, World War II and the Malayan Emergency.

Namibia
Heroes' Acre in Windhoek

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier contains soil from Cassinga and Oshatotwa from the Namibian War of Independence.

New Zealand
Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, National War Memorial in Wellington

Peru
Plaza Bolivar in Lima

Contains the remains of a soldier who died in 1881 during the War of the Pacific.

Philippines
Heroes' Cemetery in Taguig

Contains the remains of Filipino soldiers who have joined the military and served on the Philippine Revolution, Philippine–American War and World War II.

Poland
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Marshall Józef Piłsudski Square in Warsaw

Constructed as the arcade of Saxon Palace, which was destroyed by the Nazis in 1944. Contains the remains of a soldier who died between 1918 and 1920.

Portugal
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Batalha Monastery

Romania
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Carol Park in Bucharest

Russia
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Alexander Garden in Moscow

Serbia
Monument to the Unknown Hero on Mt. Avala near Belgrade

Memorial was built on the place where an unknown Serbian World War I soldier was buried.

Slovenia
Monument to the Unknown French Soldier, French Revolution Square in Ljubljana

Somalia
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Mogadishu

A monument erected in honour of the Somali men and women who died in defense of the Somali Republic. It's popularly known as Daljirka Dahsoon, and it is an important landmark in Mogadishu.

Spain
Monumento a los Caídos por España, Plaza de la Lealtad in Madrid

Popularly known as the Obelisco ("Obelisk"), it is built on the same place where General Joachim Murat ordered the execution of numerous Spaniards after the Dos de Mayo Uprising of 1808. Originally inaugurated on May 2, 1840, it was re-inaugurated on November 22, 1985, by Juan Carlos I of Spain as a remembrance to all those who gave their life for Spain. An eternal flame fuelled by gas has been constantly burning on the front of the monument.

Fossar de les Moreres, in Barcelona

The Fossar de les Moreres is a memorial plaza in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain), adjacent to the basilica of Santa Maria del Mar. The plaza was built over a cemetery where defenders of the city were buried following the Siege of Barcelona at the end of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1714. The plaza retains its everyday use as a public space, but also prominently features a memorial to the fallen Catalans of the war, with a torch of eternal flame and a heroic poem by Frederic Soler, "El Fossar de les Moreres".

Syria
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Damascus

Turkey
Çanakkale Martyrs' Memorial on Gallipoli

Erected for the unknown martyrs of the Çanakkale Front, which was the arena for the Battle of Gallipoli during World War I. Opened on 20 August 1960. Another monument[which?] at the same site is for the foreign soldiers (mostly[citation needed] Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) lost in the same clash.

Ukraine
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Dnieper Park in Kiev[citation needed]

Monument to the Unknown Sailor, Shevchenko Park in Odessa

United Kingdom
Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, Westminster Abbey in London

United States
Tomb of the Unknowns, Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery stands atop a hill overlooking Washington, D.C.. On March 4, 1921,[citation needed] Congress approved the burial of an unidentified American soldier from World War I in the plaza of the new Memorial Amphitheater.
The white marble sarcophagus has a flat-faced form and is relieved at the corners and along the sides by neo-classic pilasters, or columns, set into the surface. Sculpted into the east panel which faces Washington, D.C., are three Greek figures representing Peace, Victory, and Valor. The six wreaths, three sculpted on each side, represent the six major campaigns of World War I.
Inscribed on the back of the Tomb are the words: Here rests in honored glory an American soldier known but to God
The Tomb sarcophagus was placed above the grave of the Unknown Soldier of World War I. West of the World War I Unknown are the crypts of unknowns from World War II and Korea, plus one empty crypt honoring missing service members from all conflicts. Those three graves are marked with white marble slabs flush with the plaza. The empty crypt originally held the remains of an unknown from the Vietnam War, but its occupant was identified in 1998 and his remains returned to his family for burial in St. Louis.

Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier, Washington Square in Philadelphia

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the American Revolution

Civil War Unknowns Monument, Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia

Contains the remains of 2,211 unknown Union and Confederate soldiers from Civil War battlefields.

Tomb of the Unknown Confederate Soldier at Beauvoir in Biloxi, Mississippi

Venezuela
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Carabobo Field, Carabobo

Contains the remains of a Venezuelan soldier who died in 1824 during the Battle of Ayacucho.

Zimbabwe
Statue of the Unknown Soldier at the National Heroes Acre, Harare


document_title: Geothermal energy in the United States

question_text: where are the majority of identified hydrogeothermal sites in the united states located

text: Geothermal energy in the United States

text: History[edit]

text: According to archaeological evidence, geothermal resources have been in use on the current territory of the United States for more than 10,000 years. The Paleo-Indians first used geothermal hot springs for warmth, cleansing, and minerals.[1]

text: The first commercial geothermal power plant producing power to the U.S. utility grid opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, producing eleven megawatts of net power. The Geysers system continues to operate successfully today, and the complex has grown into the largest geothermal development in the world, with an output of 750 MW.[1]

text: Plants[edit]

text: The largest dry steam field in the world is the Geysers, 116 km (72 mi) north of San Francisco. It was here that Pacific Gas and Electric began operation of the first successful geothermal electric power plant in the United States in 1960.[2] The original turbine lasted for more than 30 years and produced 11 MW net power.[3] The Geysers has 1517 megawatt (MW)[4] of active installed capacity with an average capacity factor of 63%.[5] Calpine Corporation owns 15 of the 18 active plants in the Geysers and is currently the United States' largest producer of geothermal energy.[6] Two other plants are owned jointly by the Northern California Power Agency and the City of Santa Clara's municipal Electric Utility (now called Silicon Valley Power). The remaining Bottle Rock Power plant owned by the US Renewables Group has only recently been reopened.[7] A nineteenth plant is now under development by Ram Power, formerly Western Geopower. Since the activities of one geothermal plant affects those nearby, the consolidation plant ownership at The Geysers has been beneficial because the plants operate cooperatively instead of in their own short-term interest. The Geysers is now recharged by injecting treated sewage effluent from the City of Santa Rosa and the Lake County sewage treatment plant. This sewage effluent used to be dumped into rivers and streams and is now piped to the geothermal field where it replenishes the steam produced for power generation.

text: Another major geothermal area is located in south central California, on the southeast side of the Salton Sea, near the cities of Niland and Calipatria, California. In 2001, there were 15 geothermal plants producing electricity in the area. CalEnergy owns about half of them and the rest are owned by various companies. Combined the plants have a capacity of about 570 MW. Hudson Ranch I geothermal plant, a 50 MW plant opened in May 2012, the first in the area in 20 years. A second similar plant is to open in 2013.[8]

text: The Basin and Range geologic province in Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, Arizona and western Utah is now an area of rapid geothermal development. Several small power plants were built during the late 1980s during times of high power prices. Rising energy costs have spurred new development. Plants in Nevada at Steamboat Springs, Brady/Desert Peak, Dixie Valley, Soda Lake, Stillwater and Beowawe now produce about 235 MW.

text: By state[edit]

text: Installed geothermal capacity in megawatts (MW) by state as of February 2013:[9]

text:
State
Capacity (MW)
Share of U.S total

California
2,732.2
80.7%

Nevada
517.5
15.3%

Utah
48.1
1.4%

Hawaii
38.0
1.1%

Oregon
33.3
1.0%

Idaho
15.8
0.5%

New Mexico[10]
4.0
0.1%

Alaska
0.7
<0.1%

Wyoming
0.3
<0.1%

Total
3,389.9
100%

text: Production and development[edit]

text: With 3,040.27 MW of installed geothermal capacity, the United States remains the world leader with 30% of the online capacity total.[11] The future outlook for expanded production from conventional and enhanced geothermal systems is positive as new technologies promise increased growth in locations previously not considered.[12]

text: As of August 2008, 103 new projects are under way in 13 U.S. states. When developed, these projects could potentially supply up to 3,979 MW of power, meeting the needs of about 4 million homes. At this rate of development, geothermal production in the United States could exceed 15,000 MW by 2025.[12]

text: The most significant catalyst behind new industry activity is the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This Act made new geothermal plants eligible for the full federal production tax credit, previously available only to wind power projects and certain kinds of biomass. It also authorized and directed increased funding for research by the Department of Energy, and enabled the Bureau of Land Management to address its backlog of geothermal leases and permits.[13]

text: In April 2008, exploratory drilling began at Newberry Volcano in Oregon.[14]

text: In 2009, investment bank Credit Suisse calculated that geothermal power costs 3.6 cents per kilowatt-hour, versus 5.5 cents per kilowatt-hour for coal, if geothermal receives loans with lower rates than offered by the market."[15]

text: Reliability[edit]

text: Unlike some other renewable power sources such as wind and solar, geothermal energy is dispatchable, meaning that it is both available whenever needed, and can quickly adjust output to match demand. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), of all types of new electrical generation plants, geothermal generators have the highest capacity factor, a measure of how much power a facility actually generates as a percent of its maximum capacity. The EIA rates new geothermal plants as having a 92% capacity factor, comparable to those of nuclear (90%), and higher than gas (87%), or coal (85%), and much higher than those of intermittent sources such as onshore wind (34%) or solar photovoltaic (25%).[16] While the carrier medium for geothermal electricity (water) must be properly managed, the source of geothermal energy, the Earth's heat, will be available, for most intents and purposes, indefinitely.[1][dead link][17]

text: In 2008 the USDOE funded research in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) to learn more about the fracture systems in geothermal reservoirs and better predict the results of reservoir stimulation. The DOE Geothermal Technologies Program (part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) provided funding to establish the National Geothermal Data System (NGDS). Through the NGDS, many older paper archives and drill logs that are stored at state geological surveys are now being digitized and made available for free to the public.[18]

text: Environmental effects[edit]

text: The underground hot water and steam used to generate geothermal power may contain chemicals that could pollute the air and water if released at the surface.

text: Hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic in high concentrations, is sometimes found in geothermal systems.[19] Newer methods of generating geothermal power separate the hot steam collected underground from the steam used to power turbines, and substantially reduce the risk of releasing air-polluting contaminants.[20]

text: The water mixed with the steam contains dissolved salts that can damage pipes and harm aquatic ecosystems.[21] Some subsurface water associated with geothermal sources contain high concentrations of toxic elements such as boron, lead, and arsenic.

text: Injection of water in enhanced geothermal systems may cause induced seismicity. Earthquakes at the Geysers geothermal field in California, the largest being Richter magnitude 4.6, have been linked to injected water.[22]

text: "Possible effects include scenery spoliation, drying out of hot springs, soil erosion, noise pollution, and chemical pollution of the atmosphere and of surface- and groundwaters."[23]


document_title: Smurfs: The Lost Village

question_text: who plays papa smurf in the lost village

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Smurf Village, the Smurfs live peacefully among themselves and their leader is Papa Smurf. Some of the Smurfs include Clumsy Smurf, Brainy Smurf, Hefty Smurf and Smurfette, who was created by Gargamel from a lump of clay, but redeemed by Papa Smurf and became part of the village. Gargamel makes it his mission to capture the Smurfs, steal all of their essence, and become the most powerful wizard in the world.

text: After Smurfette accidentally breaks an invention by Brainy, she sees a blue creature hidden by a leaf and follows it straight into the Forbidden Forest, believing the creature to be a Smurf. She loses sight of the creature but discovers a hat was dropped by the possible Smurf. Smurfette ends up being captured by Gargamel and at his castle, she ends up inadvertently revealing the hat, enabling Gargamel to mix up a brew that causes him to locate the village on a map. Soon enough Hefty, Brainy, and Clumsy help Smurfette escape and return to Smurf Village, where Papa Smurf punishes them for disobeying his orders and confines them to their houses while dismissing their claims of a lost village filled with Smurfs.

text: Smurfette sneaks out into the night to look for the lost village, however, and Brainy, Clumsy, and Hefty volunteer to come with her. Smurfette agrees to let them join her and together the four enter the Forbidden Forest. Gargamel soon discovers them trying to find the lost village and heads out with Azrael and Monty to stop them.

text: The four follow the map and end up in various adventures, all while encountering bizarre creatures; the four encounter a colony of fire-breathing dragonflies, where Gargamel follows them and tries to have them killed by having the dragonflies attack them. Smurfette, Brainy, Hefty and Clumsy survive, but then end up getting lost in a maze of caverns, where they eventually get out thanks to a stampede of glow-in-the-dark rabbits. The four then head off to a river and sail on a handmade raft along the river to get to the lost village, but then they encounter Gargamel, Azrael, and Monty again. Following a brief chase, Gargamel is thrown out of his own raft, so Hefty and Smurfette convince the others to help save him. They do so, but instead of thanking them, he pushes them out of their raft, leaving them to plunge down a waterfall.

text: Meanwhile, back at Smurf Village, Papa Smurf tries to reconcile with Smurfette over his actions on the previous night but soon discovers she, Brainy, Hefty, and Clumsy are gone, so he sets out to find them and set things right with them. The four are soon captured by the leaf-covered creature along with a few others who reveal themselves to be female Smurfs. They are taken to Smurfy Grove where they meet Smurf Willow, Smurf Storm, Smurf Blossom, Smurf Lily and Smurf Melody, who all welcome the Smurfs to their humble home. Smurf Storm and Clumsy head away from the village to locate Gargamel and alert the others. During the trip, Clumsy reveals that Smurfette was created by Gargamel, which causes Smurf Storm to distrust Smurfette. Gargamel, who was led into a piranha-infested swamp, spots Clumsy and Smurf Storm, and has Monty attack them, but they fly away to return to the village.

text: After a while of showing them what they do, Smurf Storm and Clumsy come back with her telling Smurfette was created by Gargamel. The female Smurfs prepare an attack that night but instead of Gargamel, Papa Smurf appears, and the female Smurfs accept him into their home. Soon, Gargamel comes and destroys Smurfy Grove, capturing all the Smurfs, with the exception of Smurfette, who is now alone, feeling heartbroken for her actions. However, Snappy shows her a picture of her and the others, and realizing she is not a real Smurf, heads back to Gargamel's lair to save the Smurfs.

text: At Gargamel's lair, Brainy makes a plan to escape. Papa Smurf hears their plan and he and Smurf Willow decide to help them. Hefty, Brainy, Clumsy, and some of the female Smurfs succeed at the plan until Gargamel and Azrael spot them and put some of the female Smurfs and Clumsy into his Smurfilator, a machine capable of extracting their essence. Smurfette appears, tricking Gargamel into believing she wants to be an evil smurf again. When Gargamel tries to turn Smurfette into an evil smurf, he realizes Smurfette is absorbing his magic powers instead. Gargamel, Azrael, and Monty are sent flying back into the piranha-infested lake. The Smurfs are freed but despite their victory, Smurfette has reverted back to a lifeless lump of clay.

text: Back at Smurf Village, all the Smurfs mourn the loss of Smurfette. Their energy and love for Smurfette revives her, and everybody happily celebrates. Smurf Village and Smurfy Grove rejoice in their new unity; in the end, Smurfette finally finds her purpose and becomes most of all, a true-blue Smurf.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Demi Lovato as Smurfette,[9] a girl smurf who was created by the wizard Gargamel. She is adored by the male Smurfs and is curious about her purpose in the village.
Rainn Wilson as Gargamel,[9] an evil wizard who seeks to find the Smurfs and steal their magic in order to become the greatest wizard in the world.
Mandy Patinkin as Papa Smurf,[10] the fatherly Smurf chief leader of Smurf Village and Smurf Willow's former arch-rival. Patinkin also narrates the film.
Joe Manganiello as Hefty Smurf,[11] a strong Smurf who has a crush on Smurfette.
Jack McBrayer as Clumsy Smurf,[11] an accident-prone Smurf.
Danny Pudi as Brainy Smurf,[11] a nerdy, book-smart Smurf.
Julia Roberts as Smurf Willow,[1] the motherly Smurf leader of Smurfy Grove and Papa Smurf's love interest.
Michelle Rodriguez as Smurf Storm,[1] a tough female Smurf who doesn't trust Smurfette.
Ellie Kemper as Smurf Blossom,[1] an energetic girl Smurf who quickly befriends Smurfette.
Ariel Winter as Smurf Lily,[1] a gentle girl Smurf.
Meghan Trainor as Smurf Melody,[12] a musical girl Smurf.
Jake Johnson as Grouchy Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is always grouchy.
Gordon Ramsay as Baker Smurf,[1] a Smurf who bakes cakes.
Tituss Burgess as Vanity Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is obsessed with his looks.
Gabriel Iglesias as Jokey Smurf,[13][1] a Smurf that plays pranks on others.
Jeff Dunham as Farmer Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is a farmer.
Kelly Asbury as Nosey Smurf,[1] a Smurf who peeks in on private activities.
Alan Mechem as Passerby Smurf
Patrick Ballin as Patient Smurf, who is seen in a session with the silent Therapist Smurf, and Frank the Caterpillar, who works as a masseuse in Smurfy Grove.
Bret Marnell as Snappy Bug,[1] Brainy's ladybug assistant.
Melissa Sturm as Smurf Jade, a female Smurf.
Frank Welker as Azrael, Gargamel's pet cat.
Dee Bradley Baker as Monty, Gargamel's pet vulture.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On May 10, 2012, just two weeks after they announced production of The Smurfs 2, Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation were already developing a script for The Smurfs 3 with scribes Karey Kirkpatrick and Chris Poche.[14] Hank Azaria, who played Gargamel in the first two films, revealed that the third film "might actually deal with the genuine origin of how all these characters ran into each other way back when."[15] It was later confirmed that plans for a second sequel had been folded, with a completely computer-animated reboot being produced instead.[16]

text: Kelly Asbury was confirmed to have been hired to direct the film in March 2014.[16] The plotline was also revealed with the film exploring the origins of the Smurfs, and also the news that the film would feature a new take on the characters, with designs and environments more closely following the artwork created by Peyo, the creator of the Smurfs franchise.[16]

text: Jordan Kerner was hired as producer, with Mary Ellen Bauder co-producing; Asbury was already confirmed as the film's director.[10] On June 14, 2015, Sony Pictures Animation confirmed the original title of Get Smurfy, along with a first look at the film.[9][17] On February 12, 2016, it was confirmed that the film had been retitled to Smurfs: The Lost Village.[18]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On January 16, 2015, Mandy Patinkin was added to the cast of the animated adventure film to voice Papa Smurf, who was previously voiced by Jonathan Winters in the live-action/CGI films.[10] On June 14, 2015, Demi Lovato was revealed as the voice of Smurfette, and Rainn Wilson as Gargamel.[9] Since the release of The Smurfs 2 in 2013, two of the Smurfs voice actors from the previous franchise had died, Jonathan Winters[19] who voiced Papa Smurf, and Anton Yelchin, who voiced Clumsy Smurf.[20]

text: Music[edit]

text: In October 2016, it was confirmed that Christopher Lennertz would be composing the score for the film.[2] In December 2016, it was reported that singer Meghan Trainor had recorded a song for the film titled "I'm a Lady", which was released as a single.[21]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was initially set for release on August 14, 2015,[22] but on May 1, 2014, the reboot film's release date was pushed back to August 5, 2016.[23] In March 2015, the release date was again pushed back to March 31, 2017.[24] In March 2016, the release date was pushed back to April 7, 2017.[25]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village was released on Blu-ray and DVD on July 11, 2017 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.[26] The film debuted in second place on the Top 20 NPD VideoScan First Alert chart, behind The Fate of the Furious.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village grossed $45 million in the United States and Canada and $152.2 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $197.2 million, against a production budget of $60 million.[5]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Going in Style and The Case for Christ and was projected to gross around $16–20 million in the opening weekend from 3,602 theaters.[4][28] It ended up opening to $13.2 million, marking the lowest debut of the Smurfs franchise and finishing 3rd at the box office.[29]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village received mixed reviews from critics.[30] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 38% based on 80 reviews, and an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Smurfs: The Lost Village may satisfy very young viewers and hardcore Smurfaholics, but its predictable story and bland animation continue the franchise's recent mediocre streak."[31] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 40 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[32] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, an improvement over the "A–" score earned by both previous Smurfs films.[33]

text: Alonzo Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a positive review and wrote: "It's significant that two female writers have taken a character who's mainly just existed to be cute and seductive and turned her into a full-fledged member of this universe."[34] Owen Glieberman of Variety said "It's a pure digital fantasy, with elegant and tactile animation, so it's more true to the Smurf spirit, and should perform solidly."[6]

text: Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a mixed review, saying "Smurfs: The Lost Village is a mediocre effort that nonetheless succeeds in its main goal of keeping its blue characters alive for future merchandising purposes."[35]