document_title: Saving Private Ryan

question_text: who are they fighting in saving private ryan

text: Saving Private Ryan

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the present day, an elderly veteran visits the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial with his family. Upon seeing one particular grave, he falls to his knees overcome with emotion. The scene then shifts to the morning of June 6, 1944, as American soldiers land on Omaha Beach as part of the Normandy Invasion. They suffer heavy losses in assaulting German positions defended by artillery and machine guns. Captain John H. Miller of the 2nd Ranger Battalion assembles a group to penetrate the German defenses, leading to a breakout from the beach. Elsewhere on the beach, a dead soldier is face down in the bloody surf; his pack is stenciled Ryan, S.

text: In Washington, D.C., at the U.S. War Department, General George Marshall learns that three of the four brothers of the Ryan family were killed in action and that the fourth son, James, has been parachuted somewhere in Normandy. After reading Abraham Lincoln's Bixby letter aloud for his staff, he orders that James Ryan be found and returned home immediately.

text: Three days after D-Day, Miller receives orders to find Ryan and bring him back from the front. He assembles six men from his company—T/Sgt. Mike Horvath, Privates First Class Richard Reiben and Adrian Caparzo, Privates Stanley Mellish and Danny Jackson, medic Irwin Wade—plus T/5 Timothy Upham, a cartographer and interpreter borrowed from another unit. They move out to Neuville, where they meet a squad from the 101st Airborne Division, where Caparzo is killed by a German sniper. They locate a Private James Ryan, but quickly learn he is not their man. They eventually encounter a friend of James Ryan, who tells them that he is defending an important bridge in the town of Ramelle.

text: On the way to Ramelle, Miller decides to neutralize a German machine gun position, despite his men's misgivings; Wade is killed in the skirmish. Miller, at Upham's urging, declines to execute a surviving German (nicknamed "Steamboat Willie") and sets him free on the condition that he surrender to the first Allied unit he encounters. Losing confidence in Miller's leadership, Reiben declares his intention to desert, prompting a confrontation with Horvath, which Miller defuses by disclosing his civilian background as a teacher, about which his men had set up a betting pool. Reiben reluctantly decides to stay.

text: At Ramelle, Miller and the squad find a small group of paratroopers preparing to defend the bridge; one is Ryan. Miller tells Ryan about his brothers and their orders to bring him home and that two men had been lost in finding him. He is distressed at the loss of his brothers, but asks Miller to tell his mother that he intends to stay "with the only brothers [he has] left." Miller decides to join his unit with the paratroopers in defense of the bridge against the imminent German attack. Miller forms ambush positions throughout the ruined town, preparing to attack arriving tanks with Molotov cocktails, detonation cords and "sticky bombs" made from socks filled with Composition B.

text: Elements of the 2nd SS Panzer Division arrive with infantry and armor. Although they inflict heavy casualties on the Germans, most of the paratroopers, along with Jackson, Mellish, and Horvath are killed, while Upham avoids fighting. Miller attempts to blow the bridge, but is shot and mortally wounded by Steamboat Willie, who has rejoined the Germans. Just before a Tiger tank reaches the bridge, an American P-51 Mustang flies overhead and destroys the tank, followed by American armored units which rout the remaining Germans. Witnessing Miller's shooting, Upham confronts Steamboat Willie and his group as they attempt to retreat. Steamboat Willie raises his hands in surrender, believing that Upham will accept because of their earlier encounter. Instead, Upham kills him, but lets the other Germans flee.

text: Reiben and Ryan are with Miller as he dies and says his last words, "James...earn this. Earn it."

text: Back in the present day, the elderly veteran is revealed to be Ryan and the grave he is standing at is Miller’s. Ryan expresses his appreciation for what Miller and the others did for him. He then asks his wife if he is a "good man" worthy of their sacrifices, to which she tells him he is. Ryan comes to attention and salutes Miller's grave.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as Captain John H. Miller, company commander, 2nd Ranger Battalion, U.S. Army
Edward Burns as Private First Class Richard Reiben, a BAR gunner
Tom Sizemore as Technical Sergeant Mike Horvath
Matt Damon as Private First Class James Francis Ryan, a paratrooper

Harrison Young as James Francis Ryan, present day

Barry Pepper as Private Daniel Jackson, a left-handed sniper
Adam Goldberg as Private Stanley "Fish" Mellish, a rifleman
Vin Diesel as Private First Class Adrian Caparzo, a rifleman
Giovanni Ribisi as Technician fourth grade Irwin "Doc" Wade, a medic
Jeremy Davies as Technician fifth grade Timothy E. Upham, a cartographer and interpreter
Ted Danson as Captain Fred Hamill, a pathfinder
Paul Giamatti as Staff Sergeant Hill, a paratrooper
Dennis Farina as Lieutenant Colonel Walter Anderson, battalion commander, 2nd Rangers
Harve Presnell as General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff of the United States Army
Leland Orser as Second lieutenant DeWindt, pilot of a crashed glider
Bryan Cranston as Colonel I.W. Bryce, an officer at the War Department
Nathan Fillion as Private James Frederick Ryan ("Minnesota Ryan")
Ryan Hurst as Paratrooper Mandelsohn, a soldier whose hearing was damaged by a grenade
Max Martini as Corporal Henderson, ranking paratrooper at Ramelle
Kathleen Byron as James Francis Ryan's wife, present day
Stéphane Cornicard as Jean, a French survivor
Glenn Wrage as Doyle, a soldier of the 2nd Ranger Battalion
Joerg Stadler as "Steamboat Willie", a German soldier
Dale Dye as a War Department Colonel

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 1994, Robert Rodat wrote the script for the film. Rodat's script was submitted to producer Mark Gordon, who liked it and in turn passed it along to Spielberg to direct. The film is loosely based on the World War II life stories of the Niland brothers. A shooting date was set for June 27, 1997.[3]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: In casting the film Spielberg sought to create a cast that "looked" the part, stating in an interview, "You know, the people in World War II actually looked different than people look today", adding to this end that he cast partly based on wanting the cast "to match the faces I saw on the newsreels." [4]

text: Before filming began, several of the film's stars, including Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, and Tom Hanks, endured ten days of "boot camp" training led by Marine veteran Dale Dye and Warriors, Inc., a California-based company that specializes in training actors for realistic military portrayals.[5] Matt Damon was intentionally not brought into the camp, to make the rest of the group feel resentment towards the character.[6] Spielberg had stated that his main intention in forcing the actors to go through the boot camp was not to learn the proper techniques but rather "because I wanted them to respect what it was like to be a soldier."[4]

text: The film's second scene is a 20+ minute sequence recounting the landing on the beaches of Normandy. Spielberg chose to include this particularly violent sequence in order "to bring the audience onto the stage with me" specifically noting that he did not want the "audience to be spectators" but rather he wanted to "demand them to be participants with those kids who had never seen combat before in real life, and get to the top of Omaha Beach together."[4]

text: Spielberg had already demonstrated his interest in World War II themes with the films 1941, Empire of the Sun, Schindler's List, and the Indiana Jones series. Spielberg later co-produced the World War II themed television miniseries Band of Brothers and its counterpart The Pacific with Tom Hanks. When asked about this by American Cinematographer, Spielberg said, "I think that World War II is the most significant event of the last 100 years; the fate of the baby boomers and even Generation X was linked to the outcome. Beyond that, I've just always been interested in World War II. My earliest films, which I made when I was about 14 years old, were combat pictures that were set both on the ground and in the air. For years now, I've been looking for the right World War II story to shoot, and when Robert Rodat wrote Saving Private Ryan, I found it."[7]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Spielberg wanted an almost exact replica of the Omaha Beach landscape for the movie, including similar sand and a bluff similar to the one where German forces were stationed and a near match was found in Ireland.The D-Day scenes were shot in Ballinesker Beach, Curracloe Strand, Ballinesker, just east of Curracloe, County Wexford, Ireland.[8][9][10] Hanks recalled to Roger Ebert that although he realized it was a movie, the experience still hit him hard, stating, "The first day of shooting the D-Day sequences, I was in the back of the landing craft, and that ramp went down and I saw the first 1-2-3-4 rows of guys just getting blown to bits. In my head, of course, I knew it was special effects, but I still wasn't prepared for how tactile it was."[11] Filming began June 27, 1997, and lasted for two months.[12][13][14] Some shooting was done in Normandy, for the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial in Colleville-sur-Mer and Calvados. Other scenes were filmed in England, such as a former British Aerospace factory in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, Thame Park, Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. Production was due to also take place in Seaham, County Durham, but government restrictions disallowed this.[15]

text: Portrayal of history[edit]

text: Saving Private Ryan has received critical acclaim for its realistic portrayal of World War II combat. In particular, the sequence depicting the Omaha Beach landings was named the "best battle scene of all time" by Empire magazine and was ranked number one on TV Guide's list of the "50 Greatest Movie Moments".[16] The scene cost US$12 million and involved up to 1,500 extras, some of whom were members of the Irish Reserve Defence Forces. Members of local reenactment groups such as the Second Battle Group were cast as extras to play German soldiers.[17] In addition, twenty to thirty actual amputees were used to portray American soldiers maimed during the landing.[18] Spielberg did not storyboard the sequence, as he wanted spontaneous reactions and for "the action to inspire me as to where to put the camera".[19]

text: The historical representation of Charlie Company's actions, led by its commander, Captain Ralph E. Goranson, was well maintained in the opening sequence. The sequence and details of the events are very close to the historical record, including the sea sickness experienced by many of the soldiers as the landing craft moved toward the shoreline, significant casualties among the men as they disembarked from the boats, and difficulty linking up with adjacent units on the shore.

text: The distinctive signature "ping" of the US soldiers' M1 Garand rifles ejecting their ammunition clips is heard throughout the battle sequence. The contextual details of the Company's actions were well maintained, for instance, the correct code names for the sector Charlie Company assaulted, and adjacent sectors, were used. Included in the cinematic depiction of the landing was a follow-on mission of clearing a bunker and trench system at the top of the cliffs which was not part of the original mission objectives for Charlie Company, but which they did undertake after the assault on the beach.[20]

text: The landing craft used included twelve actual World War II examples, 10 LCVPs and 2 LCMs, standing in for the British LCAs that the Ranger Companies rode in to the beach during Operation Overlord.[20][21] The filmmakers used underwater cameras to better depict soldiers being hit by bullets in the water. Forty barrels of fake blood were used to simulate the effect of blood in the seawater.[18] This degree of realism was more difficult to achieve when depicting World War II German armored vehicles, as few examples survive in operating condition. The Tiger I tanks in the film were copies built on the chassis of old, but functional, Soviet T-34 tanks.[22] The two vehicles described in the film as Panzers were meant to portray Marder III tank destroyers. One was created for the film using the chassis of a Czech-built Panzer 38(t) tank[23] similar to the construction of the original Marder III; the other was a cosmetically modified Swedish SAV m/43 assault gun, which also used the 38(t) chassis.[24]

text: There are, however, historical inaccuracies in the film's depiction of the Normandy campaign. At the time of the mission, American forces from the two American beach areas, Utah and Omaha, had not yet linked up.[25] In reality, a Ranger team operating out of the Omaha beach area would have had to move through the heavily enemy-occupied city of Carentan, or swim or boat across the estuary linking Carentan to the channel, or transfer by boat to the Utah landing area. On the other hand, US forces moving out of Utah would have had direct and much shorter routes, relatively unencumbered by enemy positions, and were already in contact with some teams from both US airborne divisions landed in the area.[26]

text: The Utah beach landings, however, were relatively uncontested, with assault units landing on largely unoccupied beaches and experiencing far less action than the landings at Omaha.[27] The filmmakers chose to begin the narrative with a depiction of the more dramatic story of Omaha, despite the strategic inaccuracy of an impossible mission that could easily have been pursued from the other beach area. In addition, one of the most notable of the operational flaws is the depiction of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich as the adversary during the fictional Battle of Ramelle. The 2nd SS was not engaged in Normandy until July, and then at Caen against the British and Canadians, 100 miles east.[28] Furthermore, the Merderet River bridges were not an objective of the 101st Airborne Division but of the 82nd Airborne Division, part of Mission Boston.[29]

text: Much has also been said about various "tactical errors" made by both the German and American forces in the film's climactic battle. Spielberg responded, saying that in many scenes he opted to replace sound military tactics and strict historical accuracy for dramatic effect.[30] Some other technical errors were also made, often censored, including the mistaken reversed orientation of the beach barriers; the tripod obstructions with a mine at the apex.

text: To achieve a tone and quality that was true to the story as well as reflected the period in which it is set, Spielberg once again collaborated with cinematographer Janusz Kamiński, saying, "Early on, we both knew that we did not want this to look like a Technicolor extravaganza about World War II, but more like color newsreel footage from the 1940s, which is very desaturated and low-tech." Kamiński had the protective coating stripped from the camera lenses, making them closer to those used in the 1940s. He explains that "without the protective coating, the light goes in and starts bouncing around, which makes it slightly more diffused and a bit softer without being out of focus." The cinematographer completed the overall effect by putting the negative through bleach bypass, a process that reduces brightness and color saturation. The shutter timing was set to 90 or 45 degrees for many of the battle sequences, as opposed to the standard of 180-degree timing. Kamiński clarifies, "In this way, we attained a certain staccato in the actors' movements and a certain crispness in the explosions, which makes them slightly more realistic."[31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Saving Private Ryan was a critical and commercial success and is credited with contributing to a resurgence in America's interest in World War II. Old and new films, video games, and novels about the war enjoyed renewed popularity after its release.[32] The film's use of desaturated colors, hand-held cameras, and tight angles has profoundly influenced subsequent films and video games.[33][34] Saving Private Ryan was released in 2,463 theaters on July 24, 1998, and grossed $30.5 million on its opening weekend. The film grossed $216.5 million in the US and Canada. and $265.3 million in other territories, bringing its worldwide total to $481.8 million and making it the highest-grossing US film of the year.[1] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 45.74 million tickets in the United States and Canada.[35]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received critical acclaim and has a 'certified fresh' rating of 92% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 132 reviews with an average score of 8.6 out of 10. The consensus states "Anchored by another winning performance from Hanks, Spielberg's unflinchingly realistic war film virtually redefines the genre."[36] The film also has a score of 90 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 35 critic reviews indicating "universal acclaim".[37]

text: Much of the praise went for the realistic battle scenes[38] and the actors' performances.[39] However, it did earn some criticism for ignoring the contributions of several other countries to the D-Day landings in general and at Omaha Beach specifically.[40] The most direct example of the latter is that during the actual landing the 2nd Rangers disembarked from British ships and were taken to Omaha Beach by Royal Navy landing craft (LCAs). The film depicts them as being United States Coast Guard-crewed craft (LCVPs and LCMs) from an American ship, the USS Thomas Jefferson (APA-30).[20][41][42] This criticism was far from universal with other critics recognizing the director's intent to make an "American" film.[43] The film was not released in Malaysia after Spielberg refused to cut the violent scenes;[44] however, the film was finally released there on DVD with an 18SG certificate much later in 2005. Many critics associations, such as New York Film Critics Circle and Los Angeles Film Critics Association, chose Saving Private Ryan as Film of the Year.[45] Roger Ebert gave it four stars out of four and called it "a powerful experience".[39]

text: Filmmaker Robert Altman wrote a letter to Spielberg stating, "Private Ryan was awesome -- best I've seen."[46] Filmmaker Quentin Tarantino has expressed admiration for the film and has cited it as an influence on his 2009 film, Inglourious Basterds.[47]

text: Many World War II veterans stated that the film was the most realistic depiction of combat they had ever seen.[48] The film was so realistic that combat veterans of D-Day and Vietnam left theaters rather than finish watching the opening scene depicting the Normandy invasion. Their visits to posttraumatic stress disorder counselors rose in number after the film's release, and many counselors advised "'more psychologically vulnerable'" veterans to avoid watching it.[49] The Department of Veterans Affairs set up a nationwide hotline for veterans who were affected by the film, and less than two weeks after the film was released it had already received over 170 calls.[50]

text: The film has gained criticism and negative reviews from war veterans and film critics. Film director and military veteran Oliver Stone has accused the film of promoting "the worship of World War II as the good war," and has placed it alongside films such as Gladiator and Black Hawk Down that he believes were well-made, but may have inadvertently contributed to Americans' readiness for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[51] In defense of the film's portrait of warfare, Brian De Palma commented, "The level of violence in something like Saving Private Ryan makes sense because Spielberg is trying to show something about the brutality of what happened."[52] Actor Richard Todd, who performed in The Longest Day and was amongst the first of the Allied soldiers to land in Normandy (Operation Tonga), said the film was "Rubbish. Overdone."[53] American academic Paul Fussell, who saw combat in France during World War II, objected to what he described as, "the way Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan, after an honest, harrowing, 15-minute opening visualizing details of the unbearable bloody mess at Omaha Beach, degenerated into a harmless, uncritical patriotic performance apparently designed to thrill 12-year-old boys during the summer bad-film season. Its genre was pure cowboys and Indians, with the virtuous cowboys of course victorious."[54]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and won five including Best Cinematography, Best Sound Mixing, Best Sound Effects Editing, Best Film Editing, and Best Director for Spielberg, but lost the Best Picture award to Shakespeare in Love, being one of a few that have won the Best Director award without also winning Best Picture.[55][56] The Academy's decision to not award the film with the Best Picture Oscar has resulted in much criticism in recent years, with many considering it as one of the biggest snubs in the ceremony's history.[57][58]

text: The film also won the Golden Globes for Best Motion Picture – Drama and Director, the BAFTA Award for Special Effects and Sound, the Directors Guild of America Award, a Grammy Award for Best Film Soundtrack, the Producers Guild of America Golden Laurel Award, and the Saturn Award for Best Action, Adventure, or Thriller Film.[45] The American Film Institute has included Saving Private Ryan in many of its lists, ranking it as the 71st greatest American movie in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition),[59] as well as the 45th most thrilling film in AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills,[60] the 10th most inspiring in AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers,[61] and the eighth best epic film in "AFI's 10 Top 10".[62]

text:
List of awards and nominations received by Saving Private Ryan

Award
Category
Nominee
Result

71st Academy Awards
Best Picture
Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn
Nominated

Best Actor in a Leading Role
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Original Screenplay
Robert Rodat
Nominated

Best Cinematography
Janusz Kamiński
Won

Best Art Direction
Thomas E. Sanders and Lisa Dean
Nominated

Best Sound Mixing
Gary Rydstrom, Gary Summers, Andy Nelson and Ron Judkins
Won

Best Film Editing
Michael Kahn
Won

Best Sound Effects Editing
Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns
Won

Best Makeup
Lois Burwell, Conor O'Sullivan and Daniel C. Striepeke
Nominated

Best Music, Original Dramatic Score
John Williams
Nominated

Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films
Best Thriller Film

Won

Best Special Effects

Nominated

Amanda Awards
Best Foreign Film
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

American Cinema Editors
Best Edited Feature Film
Michael Kahn
Won

American Society of Cinematographers
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases
Janusz Kamiński
Nominated

Art Directors Guild
Feature Film

Nominated

Awards of the Japanese Academy
Best Foreign Film

Nominated

BAFTA Awards
Best Sound

Won

Best Special Visual Effects

Won

Best Music
John Williams
Nominated

Best Cinematography
Janusz Kamiński
Nominated

Best Editing
Michael Kahn
Nominated

Best Film

Nominated

Best Makeup & Hair

Nominated

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Production Design

Nominated

Best Direction
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

BMI Film Music Award
BMI Film Music Award
John Williams
Won

Blockbuster Entertainment Award
Favorite Actor
Tom Hanks
Won

Favorite Supporting Actor
Jeremy Davies
Nominated

Boston Society of Film Critics Awards
Best Cinematography

Won

British Society of Cinematographers
Best Cinematography

Nominated

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Picture

Won

Best Score
John Williams
Won

Camerimage
Best Cinematography

Nominated

Casting Society of America
Best Casting

Won

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Picture

Won

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Cinematography

Nominated

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Cinema Audio Society
Best Sound

Won

Czech Lions
Best Foreign Film
Steven Spielberg
Won

César Awards
Best Foreign Film
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards
Best Picture

Won

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Directors Guild of America
Outstanding Directorial Achievement
Steven Spielberg
Won

Empire Awards
Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Film

Nominated

European Film Award
Screen International Award
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
Best Foreign Film

Nominated

Florida Film Critics Circle Awards
Best Cinematography

Won

Golden Globes
Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Motion Picture – Drama

Won

Best Original Score
John Williams
Nominated

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Screenplay

Nominated

Grammy Awards
Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television
John Williams
Won

Huabiao Film Awards
Best Foreign Film

Won

Humanitas Prize
Feature Film Category

Nominated

Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists
Best Foreign Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards
Best Film

Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Supporting Actor
Jeremy Davies
Won

Key Art Awards
Best of Show – Audiovisual

Won

Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards
Best Cinematography

Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Picture

Won

London Critics Circle Film Awards
Film of the Year

Won

Actor of the Year
Matt Damon
Nominated

Actor of the Year
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Director of the Year
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
Best Cinematography

Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Picture

Won

MTV Movie Awards
Best Action Sequence
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Male Performance
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Movie

Nominated

Motion Picture Sound Editors
Best Sound Editing – Dialogue

Won

Best Sound Editing – Sound Effects

Won

Best Sound Editing – Music

Nominated

National Board of Review
Top Ten Films

Won

National Society of Film Critics Awards
Best Film

Nominated

New York Film Critics Circle Awards
Best Film

Won

Online Film Critics Society Awards
Best Cinematography

Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Ensemble

Won

Best Film

Won

Best Film Editing
Michael Kahn
Won

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Music
John Williams
Nominated

PGA Awards
Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award

Won

Russian Guild of Film Critics
Best Foreign Film
Steven Spielberg
Won

Satellite Awards
Best Editing
Michael Kahn
Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Best Film

Nominated

Best Cinematography

Nominated

Best Original Score

Nominated

Best Original Screenplay

Nominated

Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Tom Sizemore
Nominated

Best Visual Effects

Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Action or Adventure Film

Won

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Best Ensemble

Nominated

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards
Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Picture

Won

Toronto Film Critics Association Awards
Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Picture

Won

Best Male Performance
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Writers Guild of America
Best Original Screenplay
Robert Rodat
Nominated

text: Television broadcasts[edit]

text: On Veterans Day from 2001–2004, the American Broadcasting Company aired the film uncut and with limited commercial interruption. The network airings were given a TV-MA rating, as the violent battle scenes and the profanity were left intact. The 2004 airing was marred by pre-emptions in many markets because of the language, in the backlash of Super Bowl XXXVIII's halftime show controversy.[63] However, critics and veterans' groups such as the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars assailed those stations and their owners, including Hearst-Argyle Television (owner of 12 ABC affiliates); Scripps Howard Broadcasting (owner of six); and Belo (owner of four) for putting profits ahead of programming and honoring those who gave their lives at wartime, saying the stations made more money running their own programming instead of being paid by the network to carry the film, especially during a sweeps period.

text: A total of 65 ABC affiliates—28% of the network—did not clear the available timeslot for the film, even with the offer of The Walt Disney Company, ABC's parent, to pay all fines for language to the Federal Communications Commission.[64] In the end, however, no complaints were lodged against ABC affiliates who showed Ryan, perhaps because even conservative watchdogs like the Parents Television Council supported the unedited rebroadcast of the film.[65] Additionally, some ABC affiliates in other markets that were near affected markets, such as Youngstown, Ohio, ABC affiliate WYTV (which is viewable in parts of the Columbus, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh markets, none of which aired the film) and Gainesville, Florida, ABC affiliate WCJB-TV (which is viewable in parts of the Orlando and Tampa markets), still aired the film and gave those nearby markets the option of viewing the film.[66] TNT and Turner Classic Movies have also broadcast the film.[67][68]

text: Home video[edit]

text: The film was released on home video in May 1999 with a VHS release that earned over $44 million.[69] The DVD release became available in November of the same year,[70] and was one of the best-selling titles of the year, with over 1.5 million units sold.[71] The DVD was released in two separate versions: one with Dolby Digital and the other with DTS 5.1 surround sound. Besides the different 5.1 tracks, the two DVDs are identical. The film was also issued in a very limited 2-disc LaserDisc release in November 1999, making it one of the very last feature films to ever be issued in this format, as LaserDiscs ceased manufacturing and distribution by the year's end, due in part to the growing popularity of DVDs.[72]

text: In 2004, a Saving Private Ryan special edition DVD was released to commemorate the 60th anniversary of D-Day. This two-disc edition was also included in a box set titled World War II Collection, along with two documentaries produced by Spielberg, Price For Peace (about the Pacific War) and Shooting War (about war photographers, narrated by Tom Hanks).[73] The film was released on Blu-ray Disc on April 26, 2010 in the UK and on May 4, 2010 in the US, as part of Paramount Home Video's premium Sapphire Series.[74] However, only weeks after its release, Paramount issued a recall due to audio synchronization problems. The studio issued an official statement acknowledging the problem, which they attributed to an authoring error by Technicolor that escaped the quality control process, and that they had already begun the process of replacing the defective discs.[75]


document_title: List of Minnesota Vikings starting quarterbacks

question_text: who was the quarterback for minnesota last year

root

text: History[edit]

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The Vikings' starting quarterback for the first game of their inaugural season against the Chicago Bears was George Shaw.[3] However, he was replaced by Fran Tarkenton early on, who passed for four touchdowns in the game and rushed for one more. Tarkenton went on to start in 10 of the Vikings' 14 regular season matches that year.[4] He played for the Vikings until 1967, when he was traded to the New York Giants,[5] and Joe Kapp took his place as the Vikings' starting quarterback .[6] Kapp led the Vikings to their first playoff appearance in 1968,[7] but he was traded to the Boston Patriots in 1970 and Gary Cuozzo stepped up to replace him.[6][8] Cuozzo remained in the position for two seasons, moving to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1972.[8]

tag: p

text: Tarkenton returned for another seven-year spell as the Vikings' starting quarterback in 1972, continuing until his retirement in 1978,[5] at which point Tommy Kramer was promoted from the second string in his second season with the franchise.[9] Kramer was injured for most of the 1983 season, so Steve Dils served as the starting quarterback for most of the season,[10] before Kramer reclaimed the position in 1984.[9] For the 1987 season, Kramer shared quarterback duties with Wade Wilson, before Wilson took over on a permanent basis from 1988.[11] Wilson was replaced by the emerging Rich Gannon in 1990,[12] but Gannon was released after the 1992 season and veteran Jim McMahon took over for the 1993 season until the arrival of Warren Moon in 1994.[13]

text: Moon retained the starting quarterback spot for two seasons,[14] but suffered a broken collarbone halfway through his third season with the Vikings and was replaced by Brad Johnson for the remainder of the season.[15] The Vikings had three starting quarterbacks in the following three seasons – Johnson (1997),[15] Randall Cunningham (1998)[16] and Jeff George (1999)[17] – before Daunte Culpepper began a six-year spell in his second year in the NFL in 2000.[18] He suffered a serious knee injury during the 2005 season, and Johnson took over in the position again, having re-signed the previous summer after seven years away from the franchise.[15] Culpepper then joined the Miami Dolphins in 2006,[18] giving Johnson another full year as starting quarterback, [15] only to be replaced by sophomore Tarvaris Jackson in 2007.[19] The 2008 season commenced with Jackson starting at quarterback,[19] but he was replaced after two games by Gus Frerotte, who was returning to the Vikings from the St. Louis Rams after having been traded to the Miami Dolphins in 2005.[20] Jackson regained the job for the final three games and led the Vikings to their first divisional title since 2000, and their first NFC North title.[19]

text: In 2009, the Vikings recruited veteran quarterback Brett Favre out of retirement to be their new starting quarterback.[21] In Week 13 of the 2010 season, Favre suffered a chest injury that ended his NFL-record streak of consecutive starts at 297 (321 including postseason games), and Tarvaris Jackson reclaimed the starting spot for Week 14. However, Jackson was injured himself in Week 15, giving rookie Joe Webb a chance to stake a claim for the position. He was unable to hold onto the position as Donovan McNabb was signed as a free agent to replace Favre, who retired at the end of the 2010 season. After going 1–5 through the first six games of 2011, though, McNabb was replaced by first-round draft pick Christian Ponder, who retained the starting position for the remainder of the season and for the whole of 2012. However, he was plagued by indifferent form and the Vikings signed Matt Cassel – recently released by the Kansas City Chiefs. When Ponder suffered an injury early in the 2013 season, Cassel was given his first start for the Vikings in week 4 in the NFL International Series game against the Pittsburgh Steelers at Wembley Stadium, London. He started the following game, but was replaced in week 7 by Josh Freeman, recently signed after his release by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. However, he was injured during the game and did not make another start for the Vikings, allowing Ponder to reclaim the starting role. Cassel then returned as the starter in week 14, and retained the role for the rest of the season and into 2014. After three games, he was placed on injured reserve and first-round draft pick Teddy Bridgewater took over for the week 4 game against the Atlanta Falcons. Bridgewater himself was injured late in the game, allowing Ponder the chance to come back in for the following week, but the rookie soon returned and has held the starting berth until suffering a knee injury in practice during the 2016 preseason. Shaun Hill started the season opener and Sam Bradford took over in week 2.

text: Seven Vikings quarterbacks have made at least one start in their rookie season: Tarkenton in 1961, Vander Kelen in 1963, Kramer in 1977, Jackson in 2006, Webb in 2010, Ponder in 2011 and Bridgewater in 2014.

text: Starting quarterbacks by season[edit]

text:
Year
Column links to corresponding team season

(#)
Number of games started in the regular season or post-season win–loss record

†
Inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame[2]

text: Regular season[edit]

text:
Season
Quarterback(s)
Ref(s)

1961
Fran Tarkenton† (10) / George Shaw (4)
[3][4][5]

1962
Fran Tarkenton† (14)
[22]

1963
Fran Tarkenton† (13) / Ron Vander Kelen (1)
[23][24]

1964
Fran Tarkenton† (14)
[25]

1965
Fran Tarkenton† (14)
[26]

1966
Fran Tarkenton† (12) / Bob Berry (1) / Ron Vander Kelen (1)
[27][28]

1967
Joe Kapp (11) / Ron Vander Kelen (3)
[6][29]

1968
Joe Kapp (14)
[7]

1969
Joe Kapp (13) / Gary Cuozzo (1)
[8][30]

1970
Gary Cuozzo (12) / Bob Lee (2)
[31][32]

1971
Gary Cuozzo (8) / Bob Lee (4) / Norm Snead (2)
[33][34]

1972
Fran Tarkenton† (14)
[35]

1973
Fran Tarkenton† (14)
[36]

1974
Fran Tarkenton† (13) / Bob Berry (1)
[37]

1975
Fran Tarkenton† (14)
[38]

1976
Fran Tarkenton† (13) / Bob Lee (1)
[39]

1977
Fran Tarkenton† (9) / Bob Lee (4) / Tommy Kramer (1)
[9][40]

1978[b]
Fran Tarkenton† (16)
[41]

1979
Tommy Kramer (16)
[42]

1980
Tommy Kramer (15) / Steve Dils (1)
[10][43]

1981
Tommy Kramer (14) / Steve Dils (2)
[44]

1982[c]
Tommy Kramer (9)
[45]

1983
Steve Dils (12) / Tommy Kramer (3) / Wade Wilson (1)
[11][46]

1984
Tommy Kramer (9) / Wade Wilson (5) / Archie Manning (2)
[47][48]

1985
Tommy Kramer (15) / Wade Wilson (1)
[49]

1986
Tommy Kramer (13) / Wade Wilson (3)
[50]

1987[c]
Wade Wilson (7) / Tommy Kramer (5) / Tony Adams (3)
[51][52]

1988
Wade Wilson (10) / Tommy Kramer (6)
[53]

1989
Wade Wilson (12) / Tommy Kramer (4)
[54]

1990
Rich Gannon (12) / Wade Wilson (4)
[12][55]

1991
Rich Gannon (11) / Wade Wilson (5)
[56]

1992
Rich Gannon (12) / Sean Salisbury (4)
[57][58]

1993
Jim McMahon (12) / Sean Salisbury (4)
[13][59]

1994
Warren Moon† (15) / Sean Salisbury (1)
[14][60]

1995
Warren Moon† (16)
[61]

1996
Warren Moon† (8) / Brad Johnson (8)
[15][62]

1997
Brad Johnson (13) / Randall Cunningham (3)
[16][63]

1998
Randall Cunningham (14) / Brad Johnson (2)
[64]

1999
Jeff George (10) / Randall Cunningham (6)
[17][65]

2000
Daunte Culpepper (16)
[18][66]

2001
Daunte Culpepper (11) / Todd Bouman (3) / Spergon Wynn (2)
[67][68][69]

2002
Daunte Culpepper (16)
[70]

2003
Daunte Culpepper (14) / Gus Frerotte (2)
[20][71]

2004
Daunte Culpepper (16)
[72]

2005
Brad Johnson (9) / Daunte Culpepper (7)
[73]

2006
Brad Johnson (14) / Tarvaris Jackson (2)
[19][74]

2007
Tarvaris Jackson (12) / Kelly Holcomb (3) / Brooks Bollinger (1)
[75][76][77]

2008
Gus Frerotte (11) / Tarvaris Jackson (5)
[78]

2009
Brett Favre† (16)
[21][79]

2010
Brett Favre† (13) / Tarvaris Jackson (1) / Joe Webb (2)
[80][81]

2011
Christian Ponder (10) / Donovan McNabb (6)
[82][83][84]

2012
Christian Ponder (16)
[85]

2013
Christian Ponder (9) / Matt Cassel (6) / Josh Freeman (1)
[86][87][88]

2014
Teddy Bridgewater (12) / Matt Cassel (3) / Christian Ponder (1)
[84][87][89]

2015
Teddy Bridgewater (16)
[89]

2016
Sam Bradford (15) / Shaun Hill (1)
[90][91]

2017
Case Keenum (14) / Sam Bradford (2)
[90][92]

2018
Kirk Cousins (8)
[93]

text: Postseason[edit]

text:
Season
Quarterback(s)
Ref(s)

1968
Joe Kapp (0–1)
[6]

1969
Joe Kapp (2–1)
[6]

1970
Gary Cuozzo (0–1)
[8]

1971
Bob Lee (0–1)
[32]

1973
Fran Tarkenton (2–1)
[5]

1974
Fran Tarkenton (2–1)
[5]

1975
Fran Tarkenton (0–1)
[5]

1976
Fran Tarkenton (2–1)
[5]

1977
Bob Lee (1–1)
[32]

1978
Fran Tarkenton (0–1)
[5]

1980
Tommy Kramer (0–1)
[9]

1982
Tommy Kramer (1–1)
[9]

1987
Tommy Kramer (1–0) / Wade Wilson (1–1)
[9][11]

1988
Wade Wilson (1–1)
[11]

1989
Wade Wilson (0–1)
[11]

1992
Sean Salisbury (0–1)
[58]

1993
Jim McMahon (0–1)
[13]

1994
Warren Moon (0–1)
[14]

1996
Brad Johnson (0–1)
[15]

1997
Randall Cunningham (1–1)
[16]

1998
Randall Cunningham (1–1)
[16]

1999
Jeff George (1–1)
[17]

2000
Daunte Culpepper (1–1)
[18]

2004
Daunte Culpepper (1–1)
[18]

2008
Tarvaris Jackson (0–1)
[19]

2009
Brett Favre (1–1)
[21]

2012
Joe Webb (0–1)
[81]

2015
Teddy Bridgewater (0–1)
[89]

2017
Case Keenum (1–1)
[92]

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Having been the franchise's starting quarterback for 13 seasons (longer than any other Vikings player), Fran Tarkenton holds the record for the most starts in a Vikings jersey, and those for the most wins and ties.[94] He is also the franchise's leading passer in terms of numbers of attempts, completions, total yards gained and passing touchdowns, although Brett Favre has the best pass completion percentage.[94] However, Tarkenton has also thrown the most interceptions.[94] The record for the longest completed pass by a Vikings starting quarterback is held by Gus Frerotte, who threw a 99-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Bernard Berrian in a home game against the Chicago Bears in the 2008 season.[94][95]

text: Tarkenton is also the franchise leader for rushing attempts and rushing yards as a quarterback, but it is Daunte Culpepper – with 72 fewer rushing yards on 10 fewer attempts than Tarkenton – who has the most rushing touchdowns.[96] Joe Webb holds the record for the longest rush with a 65-yard run in Minnesota's 34–28 road loss to the Detroit Lions in 2011.[96][97]

text:
Years

Years that the quarterback was on the Vikings' roster

Yds

Yards gained by passing

GP

Games played (regular season)

TD

Passing touchdowns

GS

Games started (regular season)

Int

Interceptions thrown

W

Number of wins as starting quarterback

Lng

Longest completed pass thrown (yards)

L

Number of losses as starting quarterback

Rate

Quarterback rating

T

Number of ties as starting quarterback

Att

Rushes attempted

Cmp

Passes completed

Yds

Yards gained by rushing

Att

Passes attempted

TD

Rushing touchdowns

Cmp%

Percentage of passes completed

Lng

Longest rushing attempt

text:
Name
Years
Passing statistics
Rushing statistics
Ref

GP

GS

W

L

T

Cmp

Att

Cmp%

Yds

TD

Int

Lng

Rate

Att

Yds

TD

Lng

George Shaw

1961
8
4
1
3
0

46
91
50.5
530
4
4
42
64.8

10
39
0
19

[3]

Fran Tarkenton

1961–19661972–1978
177
170
91
73
6

2,635
4,569
57.7
33,098
239
194
89
80.1

464
2,548
22
52

[5]

Ron Vander Kelen

1963–1967
29
5
1
4
0

107
252
42.5
1,375
6
11
53
50.0

26
116
1
20

[24]

Bob Berry

1965–19671973–1975
24
2
1
1
0

63
124
50.8
708
7
8
52
60.1

7
25
0
8

[28]

Joe Kapp

1967–1969
40
38
23
12
3

351
699
50.2
4,807
37
47
85
62.2

99
540
5
27

[6]

Gary Cuozzo

1968–1971
33
21
16
5
0

276
556
49.6
3,552
18
23
72
63.6

36
85
0
15

[8]

Bob Lee

1969–19721975–1978
52
11
9
2
0

159
306
52.0
2,153
15
17
63
67.9

39
37
2
10

[32]

Norm Snead

1971
7
2
2
0
0

37
75
49.3
470
1
6
55
40.4

6
6
1
5

[34]

Tommy Kramer

1977–1989
128
110
54
56
0

2,011
3,648
55.1
24,775
159
157
76
72.9

214
531
8
20

[9]

Steve Dils

1979–1984
47
15
6
9
0

336
623
53.9
3,867
15
18
68
68.9

24
73
0
19

[10]

Wade Wilson

1981–1991
76
48
27
21
0

929
1,665
55.8
12,135
66
75
75
73.4

159
679
9
38

[11]

Archie Manning

1983–1984
8
2
0
2
0

52
94
55.3
545
2
3
56
66.1

12
41
0
16

[48]

Tony Adams

1987
3
3
0
3
0

49
89
55.1
607
3
5
63
64.2

11
31
0
12

[52]

Rich Gannon

1987–1992
48
35
19
16
0

561
1,003
55.9
6,457
40
36
78
73.9

144
720
3
42

[12]

Sean Salisbury

1992–1994
22
9
5
4
0

228
404
56.4
2,772
14
9
55
80.0

24
1
0
6

[58]

Jim McMahon

1993
12
12
8
4
0

200
331
60.4
1,968
9
8
58
76.2

33
96
0
16

[13]

Warren Moon

1994–1996
39
39
21
18
0

882
1,454
60.7
10,102
58
42
85
82.8

69
143
0
16

[14]

Brad Johnson

1994–19982005–2006
68
46
28
18
0

1,036
1,670
62.0
11,098
65
48
82
82.5

139
368
2
28

[15]

Randall Cunningham

1997–1999
27
23
16
7
0

427
713
59.9
5,680
48
23
67
94.2

61
317
1
28

[16]

Jeff George

1999
12
10
8
2
0

191
329
58.1
2,816
23
12
80
94.2

16
41
0
17

[17]

Daunte Culpepper

1999–2005
81
80
38
42
0

1,678
2,607
64.4
20,162
135
86
82
91.5

454
2,476
29
42

[18]

Todd Bouman

2001–2002
6
3
1
2
0

54
95
56.8
880
8
4
80
98.6

10
70
0
21

[68]

Spergon Wynn

2001
3
2
0
2
0

48
98
49.0
418
1
6
47
38.6

8
61
0
14

[69]

Gus Frerotte

2003–20042008
43
13
10
3
0

216
367
58.9
2,847
19
17
99
81.4

31
5
1
5

[20]

Tarvaris Jackson

2006–2010
36
20
10
10
0

354
603
58.7
3,984
24
22
71
76.6

119
535
4
33

[19]

Kelly Holcomb

2007
3
3
0
3
0

42
83
50.6
515
2
1
40
73.1

0
0
0
0

[76]

Brooks Bollinger

2006–2007
7
1
0
1
0

46
68
67.6
537
1
2
50
84.0

5
18
0
10

[77]

Brett Favre

2009–2010
29
29
17
12
0

580
889
65.2
6,711
44
26
63
92.2

26
15
0
10

[21]

Joe Webb

2010–2013
17
2
1
1
0

88
152
57.9
853
3
5
46
66.6

41
273
4
65

[81]

Donovan McNabb

2011
6
6
1
5
0

94
156
60.3
1,026
4
2
60
82.9

14
59
1
23

[83]

Christian Ponder

2011–2014
38
36
14
21
1

632
1,057
59.8
6,658
38
36
72
75.9

126
639
7
29

[84]

Matt Cassel

2013–2014
12
9
4
5
0

194
325
59.7
2,232
14
13
79
78.1

27
75
1
13

[87]

Josh Freeman

2013
1
1
0
1
0

20
53
37.7
190
0
1
22
40.6

0
0
0
0

[88]

Teddy Bridgewater

2014–2017
30
28
17
11
0

551
851
64.7
6,150
28
22
87
86.3

94
398
4
19

[89]

Shaun Hill

2016
7
1
1
0
0

21
42
50.0
257
0
0
33
69.2

11
–2
0
9

[91]

Sam Bradford

2016–2017
17
17
9
8
0

427
595
71.8
4,259
23
5
71
101.1

22
50
0
24

[90]

Case Keenum

2017
15
14
11
3
0

325
481
67.6
3,547
22
7
65
98.3

40
160
1
22

[92]

Kirk Cousins

2018–present
8
8
4
3
1

241
341
70.7
2,521
16
4
75
102.5

25
78
1
19

[93]


document_title: Law & Order True Crime

question_text: who plays menendez brothers in law and order

text: Law & Order True Crime

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Edie Falco as Leslie Abramson, the defense attorney who represented Lyle and Erik Menendez.[4]
Gus Halper as Erik Menendez, the younger brother accused of killing his parents.[1]
Miles Gaston Villanueva as Lyle Menendez, the older brother accused of killing his parents.[1]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Anthony Edwards as Judge Stanley Weisberg who oversaw Lyle and Erik's trial.[5]
Julianne Nicholson as Jill Lansing, Abramson's partner on the defense team for the first trial.[1]
Harry Hamlin as Barry Levin, Abramson's co-counsel on the second trial of Erik Menendez.[6]
Constance Marie as Marta Cano, José's sister.[7]
Carlos Gómez as José Menendez, Lyle and Erik's father.[7]
Sam Jaeger as Detective Les Zoeller, the Beverly Hills Police Department detective who investigated the murders of José and Kitty Menendez.[8]
Josh Charles as Dr. Jerome Oziel, Lyle and Erik's psychiatrist.[9]
Sterling Beaumon as Glenn Stevens, Lyle's friend from Princeton University.[10]
Ben Winchell as Donovan Goodreau.
Molly Hagan as Joan Vandermolen, Kitty's older sister.[10]
Dominic Flores as Henry Llano, Lyle and Erik's cousin.[10]
Lolita Davidovich as Kitty Menendez, Lyle and Erik's mother.[11]
Chris Bauer as Tim Rutten, Leslie's husband and a Los Angeles Times journalist.
Heather Graham as Judalon Smyth, Oziel's emotionally fragile mistress.[11]
Elizabeth Reaser as Deputy District Attorney Pam Bozanich, who was assigned to the murders of José and Kitty Menendez.[11]
Larry Cedar as Milton Andersen, Kitty's older brother.[11]
Ezra Buzzington as Deputy District Attorney Elliott Alhadeff, first prosecutor in case.
Raphael Sbarge as Jon Conte.
Taylor Kalupa as Anna Eriksson, Lyle’s fiancé & eventual wife.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Episode 1"
Lesli Linka Glatter
René Balcer
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
6.06[12]

Jose and Kitty Menendez are murdered in their home. The police initially investigate the double-homicide with links to Jose Menendez's business that has ties to organized crime, as brothers Lyle and Erik go on a shopping spree leading up to their parents' memorial service. But as the detectives run down leads the evidence points the crime to a different direction, the Menendez brothers. And while watching the events unfolding in the media, criminal defense attorney Leslie Abramson takes an interest in the murders and the brothers.

2
"Episode 2"
Lesli Linka Glatter
René Balcer
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
4.82[13]

Detectives Zoeller and Linehan from the Beverly Hills PD begin interviewing the brothers' friends and acquaintances in the awakening of Erik and Lyle's parents murder. Meanwhile, Erik makes a shocking confession to his psychologist that could change how the case goes. Defense attorney Abramson learns more about the Menendez family dynamics and history and makes a move to represent the brothers in the upcoming court trial.

3
"Episode 3"
Holly Dale
Gina Gionfriddo
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
4.72[14]

Whilst Lyle and Erik are in police custody for suspicion of murdering their parents, defense attorney Abramson works endlessly to understand what could drive two young men to commit such a horrible crime as murdering their parents. Meanwhile, the prosecution tries to get tapes from Lyle and Erik's sessions with their psychologist, which soon reveals a shocking secret the family has been hiding for a very long time.

4
"Episode 4"
Holly Dale
Diana Son
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
4.36[15]

Erik and Lyle begin to tell the horrific details of the psychological and sexual abuse they suffered from their parents throughout their lives. Meanwhile, Leslie makes a case for Dr. Oziel's tapes to be thrown out of court. Pam Ferrero faces increased pressure from the DA's office regarding the trial of Erik and Lyle.

5
"Episode 5"
Fred Berner
René Balcer
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
4.61[16]

An extremely heightened level of public scrutiny emerges in the media when Judge Weisberg allows the proceedings to be broadcast on television regarding Erik and Lyle's court trial. The questionable ethics and motives of one of the star witness's threaten Judge Weisberg's credibility in the case. Meanwhile, Leslie starts struggling with her own personal demons.

6
"Episode 6"
Fred Berner
Gina Gionfriddo
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
3.53[17]

After a long period of time, Erik and Lyle finally testify for the first time in front of a grand jury. Leslie makes a surprising move in the trial after Judge Weisberg approves the unsealing of the brothers' confession tapes. The closing arguments are made, and the verdict is left for the jury to decide.

7
"Episode 7"
Michael Pressman
Diana Son
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
4.08[18]

After hearing closing arguments from the defense side and the ADA, the juries both struggle to reach a unanimous decision in the troubled case. Garcetti tries to counteract the declining public perception of the criminal justice system. Judge Weisberg's performance and credibility in the trial comes under extremely intense media scrutiny and attention.

8
"Episode 8"
Michael Pressman
René Balcer
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
4.16[19]

A second trial commences with Barry Levin joining the defence side representing the two brothers. Intense political collusion reaches an apex. Judge Weisberg denies Lyle and Erik's family members to testify in the trial. Meanwhile, Leslie discovers revealing information about Jose and Kitty's childhoods. At last, a verdict is decided by the grand jury and all parties in the case return to court for the final time to hear it.

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming for the series began on June 26, 2017 for an eight-episode first season.[9] In April 2016, Dick Wolf and NBC announced they were working on the series, a first season being based on the Mendendez brothers murder case that shocked the nation in 1989-1996.[20] A second season is yet to be confirmed, but Dick Wolf mentioned he has plenty of ideas for the show and a possible storyline if there is a second season.[21] “This is unique for me, after 27 years of Law & Order,” Dick Wolf told TV critics at TCA in an interview. “This is taken from the headlines; we‘ve made some great shows ripped from the headlines, but this is on a different level.” An idea for a second season includes the Oklahoma City bombing of 1995. "Just before the [Television Critics Association summer press tour], I had mentioned to him the Tim McVeigh case, and his eyes lit up," Renee Balcer says of Wolf's reaction. "Because Dick and I were together, we were in the same office when the bomb went off in Oklahoma."[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 63% based on 34 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Law & Order: True Crime: The Menendez Murders benefits from a standout performance from Edie Falco that proves captivating enough to compensate for a staid approach to potentially drama-rich material."[23] On Metacritic, the season has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Ratings/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
18–49
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
18–49
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Episode 1"
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
1.6/6
6.06[12]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2
"Episode 2"
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
1.1/5
4.82[13]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"Episode 3"
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
1.1/4
4.72[14]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4
"Episode 4"
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
1.0/4
4.36[15]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

5
"Episode 5"
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
1.0/4
4.61[16]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

6
"Episode 6"
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
0.7/3
3.53[17]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"Episode 7"
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
0.9/4
4.08[18]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

8
"Episode 8"
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
0.9/4
4.16[19]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A


document_title: Jake Guentzel

question_text: how many points does jake guentzel have in the playoffs

text: Jake Guentzel

text: Playing career[edit]

text: Guentzel grew up in Woodbury, Minnesota, and played two years of varsity hockey at the Hill-Murray School in Maplewood, Minnesota, before committing to the University of Nebraska Omaha after his senior season.[3]

text: Upon completing his junior year with the University of Nebraska-Omaha in the 2015–16 season, Guentzel concluded his collegiate career by signing a three-year, entry-level contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins on May 23, 2016.[4]

text: On November 21, 2016, he made his NHL debut, against the New York Rangers, and scored two goals on his first two shots.[5] Despite this, the Penguins lost the game 5–2.[6]

text: On March 21, 2017, Guentzel suffered a concussion on an check from Buffalo Sabres defenseman Rasmus Ristolainen. He missed the next 4 games, while Ristolainen was suspended by the league for 3 games.[7]

text: On April 16, 2017, he scored a hat-trick which included the game winning goal in overtime, to put the Penguins up 3–0 in their first-round playoff series against the Columbus Blue Jackets. He became the first Penguins rookie to score a playoff hat-trick, and only the second rookie in NHL history to score a hat-trick and overtime goal in the same game of the playoffs.[8]

text: On June 11, 2017, Guentzel won the Stanley Cup after defeating the Nashville Predators in six games. During the run, Guentzel recorded 21 points, tying Dino Ciccarelli and Ville Leino for points by a rookie in a single post-season. His 13 goals was one off of Ciccarelli's record.[9]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Guentzel comes from a hockey family.[10] His father, Mike, was a standout athlete for Greenway High School in Coleraine, Minnesota, and subsequently played hockey for the Minnesota Golden Gophers. Later on Mike became the associate head coach at the University of Minnesota;[11] Guentzel was a stick boy for the team when future Penguins teammate Phil Kessel played for Minnesota.[5] His older brother, Ryan, played collegiately and professionally.[12] Another older brother, Gabe, played in the North American Hockey League and the United States Hockey League before embarking on a four-year NCAA career at Colorado College.[13]

text: Career statistics[edit]

text:
Regular season

Playoffs

Season
Team
League
GP
G
A
Pts
PIM
GP
G
A
Pts
PIM

2010–11
Hill-Murray School
USHS
25
15
28
43
10
3
4
2
6
4

2011–12
Hill-Murray School
USHS
31
23
52
75
16
3
1
4
5
0

2012–13
Sioux City Musketeers
USHL
60
29
44
73
24
—
—
—
—
—

2013–14
U. of Nebraska Omaha
NCHC
37
7
27
34
16
—
—
—
—
—

2014–15
U. of Nebraska Omaha
NCHC
36
14
25
39
34
—
—
—
—
—

2015–16
U. of Nebraska Omaha
NCHC
35
19
27
46
20
—
—
—
—
—

2015–16
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins
AHL
11
2
4
6
0
10
5
9
14
0

2016–17
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins
AHL
33
21
21
42
12
—
—
—
—
—

2016–17
Pittsburgh Penguins
NHL
40
16
17
33
10
25
13
8
21
10

NHL totals
40
16
17
33
10
25
13
8
21
10

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text:
Award
Year

USHL

All-Rookie Team
2013

Rookie of the year
2013
[14]

Second All-Star Team
2013

College

NCHC All-Rookie Team
2014

NHL

Stanley Cup (Pittsburgh Penguins)
2017
[15]


document_title: The Karate Kid (2010 film)

question_text: where does the new karate kid take place

text: The Karate Kid (2010 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dre Parker and his mother Sherry Parker move from Detroit to Beijing after Sherry gets a job transfer at her car factory. After a day in a park, Dre develops a crush on a young violinist, Meiying, who reciprocates his attention, but another boy Cheng, a rebellious kung fu prodigy whose family is close to Meiying's, attempts to keep them apart by violently attacking Dre, and later bullies him at school. During an attack, the maintenance man, Mr. Han comes to Dre's aid, and when Cheng and his friends try to interfere, Han defeats each of them in close combat, revealing himself as a kung fu master.

text: After Han mends Dre's injuries using fire cupping, Dre asks if Mr. Han could teach him kung fu. Han refuses, but meets Cheng's teacher, Master Li, to make peace. Li, who teaches his students to show no mercy to their enemies, challenges Dre to a fight with Cheng. Han instead proposes that Dre compete against Li's students at an open martial arts tournament, and also requests the students leave Dre alone to train in time for the tournament. Li accepts the offer, but warns Han that if Dre does not show up during the tournament, he will personally bring pain to Han and Dre.

text: Han promises to teach Dre kung fu and begins to train Dre by emphasizing movements that apply to life in general, and that serenity and maturity, not punches and power, are the true keys to mastering the martial art. He teaches this by having Dre go through various actions with his jacket, which teaches Dre muscle memory moves. Han then takes Dre to a Taoist temple in the Wudang Mountains where he trained with his father, and Dre witnesses a woman making a cobra reflect her movements and drinks the water from an ancient Taoist well.

text: As Dre's friendship with Meiying continues, they share a kiss at the festival! Dre persuades Meiying to cut school for a day of fun, but when she is nearly late for her violin audition which was brought forward a day without their knowledge, her parents deem him a bad influence and forbid her from spending more time with him.

text: During the course of their training, Han gives Dre a day off. Dre goes to Han that night and finds Han, apparently drunk, smashing a car he was working on. Han tells Dre that he crashed the same car years ago, and that his wife and ten-year-old son were with him and died in the car crash. Han fixes the car every year but smashes it to remind himself of what happened, which makes Dre work much harder in his training in order to help Han forget about the incident. Han assists Dre in writing a note of apology to Meiying's father in Chinese; he accepts and promises that Meiying will attend the tournament to support Dre.

text: At the tournament, the under-confident Dre is slow to achieve parity with his opponents, but soon begins beating them and advances to the semifinals, as does Cheng, who violently finishes off his opponents. Dre comes up against Liang, one of Li's more sympathetic students and the least vicious of Dre's tormentors, who (under Li's goading) severely hurts Dre's leg and Liang is disqualified as a result, while Dre is taken to the infirmary.

text: Despite Han's insistence that he has earned respect for his performance, Dre convinces Han to mend his leg by using fire cupping in order to continue. Dre returns to the arena, facing Cheng in the final. Dre delivers impressive blows, but Li orders Cheng to break Dre's leg. Cheng is horrified at the order, but obeys under Li's intimidation. As the match continues, Cheng seizes Dre's leg and delivers a vicious blow, doing further damage. Dre struggles to get up, and attempts the reflection technique to manipulate Cheng into changing his attack stance. Cheng begins reflecting Dre's movements and it goads him into charging Dre, but Dre flips and catches Cheng with a kick to his head, winning the tournament along with the respect of Cheng and his classmates. Cheng, instead of the presenter, awards Dre the trophy, and the Fighting Dragon students bow to Mr. Han in respect, accepting him as their new master.

text: Alternate ending[edit]

text: Li attempts to strike Cheng out of anger for Cheng's failure in the ring, but Han appears and prevents Li from doing so, resulting in a vicious fight with Li. While Li momentarily bests Han, Han pins Li down with a leg to head lock, and angrily reminds him his own rule; no mercy. Before Han attacks his nemesis, Dre appears, and discourages Han from his intentions, the Fighting Dragons students bow to Mr. Han, and the two leave. As a defeated and humiliated Li rises, as she and Meiying leave, Sherry stops to turn around briefly and punches Li in the jaw, presumably from finding out that he ordered his students to brutally attack her son.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jackie Chan as Mr. Han (S: 韩先生, T: 韓先生, P: Hán-xiānsheng)
The maintenance man who teaches Dre kung-fu.
Jaden Smith as Dre Parker (德瑞∙帕克 Déruì Pàkè)
A young boy from Detroit, Michigan who is bullied by another student, and learns to stand up to him in a kung-fu tournament.
Taraji P. Henson as Sherry Parker (雪莉∙帕克 Xuělì Pàkè)
Dre's mother, who is very protective of him.
Wenwen Han (韩雯雯) as Meiying (美莹 Měiyíng)
Dre's crush who quickly befriends him, and eventually becomes his girlfriend.
Zhenwei Wang as Cheng (陆伟程 Lù Wěichéng[5])
The primary antagonist and student of Master Li.
Yu Rongguang as Master Li (李师傅 Lǐ-shīfu)
A kung-fu teacher who instructs his students to be merciless towards their enemies.
Luke Carberry as Harry (哈里 Hālǐ)
A boy who also befriends Dre.
Shijia Lü (吕世佳) as Liang (梁子浩 Liáng Zǐhào)
A classmate of Cheng's who is instructed by Master Li to cripple Dre during the tournament.
Ji Wang (王 姬) as Mrs. Po (博太太 Bó-tàitai)
The principal of Dre's new school.
Zhensu Wu (武振素) as Meiying's father
Zhiheng Wang (王志恒) as Meiying's mother
Yi Zhao (赵 毅) as Zhuang (秦壮壮 Qín Zhuàngzhuàng)
Cameron Hillman as Mark (马克)
Ghye Samuel Brown as Oz (奥兹)
Bo Zhang (张 博) as Song (宋)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On November 10, 2008, Variety reported that work on a Karate Kid remake had begun.[6][7] Variety stated that the new film, to be produced by Will Smith, "has been refashioned as a star vehicle for Jaden Smith" and that it would "borrow elements from the original plot, wherein a bullied youth learns to stand up for himself with the help of an eccentric mentor."[8] On June 22, 2009, Jackie Chan told a Los Angeles Chinatown concert crowd that he was leaving for Beijing to film the remake as Jaden Smith's teacher.[7]

text: Despite maintaining the original title, the 2010 remake does not feature karate, which is from Okinawa, but focuses on the main character learning kung fu in China. Chan told interviewers that film cast members generally referred to the film as The Kung Fu Kid, and he believed the film would only be called The Karate Kid in America, and The Kung Fu Kid in China.[9] This theory held true in the People's Republic of China, where the film is titled The Kung Fu Dream (Chinese: 功夫梦),[10] and in Japan[11] and South Korea,[12] where the film is titled Best Kid (Japanese: ベスト・キッド; Korean: 베스트 키드) after the local title of the 1984 film in both countries.

text: Sony had considered changing the title of the film, but Jerry Weintraub, one of the producers, rejected the idea. Weintraub was also the producer of the original Karate Kid.[13]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The Chinese government granted the filmmakers access to the Forbidden City, the Great Wall of China, and the Wudang Mountains. On some occasions, the filmmakers had to negotiate with residents who were not accustomed to filming activity.[14]

text: Music[edit]

text: Icelandic composer Atli Örvarsson was originally hired to score the film, but he was replaced by American composer James Horner. The Karate Kid marked Horner's return to scoring after his work on the 2009 film Avatar.[15] The score was released on June 15, 2010.[16]

text: The official theme song to the film is "Never Say Never", a song written by Adam Messinger, Justin Bieber, Travis Garland, Omarr Rambert, and others, and produced by The Messengers (Adam Messinger and Nasri Atweh). It is performed by Bieber and Jaden Smith. The music video was released on May 31, 2010.[17]

text: The film started with "Do You Remember" by Jay Sean. "Remember the Name" by Fort Minor was used in the trailer to promote the movie. Parts of the song, "Back in Black" by AC/DC and "Higher Ground" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, were also used in the movie. The song "Hip Song" by Rain is used for promotion in the Asian countries and it appeared in the trailer. The music video was released on May 22, 2010.[18] "Bang Bang" by K'naan featuring Adam Levine and "Say" by John Mayer are also featured in the movie.[19] It also features Lady Gaga's "Poker Face", Flo Rida's "Low" and Gorillaz' "Dirty Harry" (being performed in Chinese). An abbreviated form of Frédéric Chopin's Nocturne No. 20 is featured, arranged for strings, in Meiying's violin audition scene, along with Sergei Rachmaninoff's piano transcription of "Flight of the Bumblebee" by Rimsky-Korsakov.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered May 26 in Chicago, with appearances by Jackie Chan and Jaden Smith, and a brief surprise appearance from Will Smith.[20]

text: The United Kingdom premiere was held July 15. It was attended by Chan and Smith, as well as producers Will and Jada Pinkett Smith.[21]

text: In the Mainland China version of the film, scenes of bullying were shortened by the censors, and a kissing scene is removed. John Horn said that the editing ultimately resulted in "two slightly different movies".[14]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Karate Kid was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 5, 2010 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, and it was released on Mastered in 4K Blu-ray on May 14, 2013.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Karate Kid received mixed reviews.[22] Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 65% based on 205 reviews, and the average rating is 6.2/10. The site's consensus reads: "It may not be as powerful as the 1984 edition, but the 2010 Karate Kid delivers a surprisingly satisfying update on the original."[23] Metacritic, another review aggregator, rated the film 61/100 based on 37 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[24]

text: Ann Hornaday described Jaden Smith as a revelation, and that he "proves that he's no mere beneficiary of dynastic largesse. Somber, self-contained and somehow believable as a kid for whom things don't come easily, he never conveys the sense that he's desperate to be liked. 'The Karate Kid' winds up being so likable itself."[25] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it a positive review, rating the film three and a half out of four stars, and calling it "a lovely and well-made film that stands on its own feet".[26] Claudia Puig of USA Today and Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly each rated the film a 'B', stating "the chemistry between Jaden Smith and Jackie Chan grounds the movie, imbuing it with sincerity and poignance" and that the film is "fun and believable".[27][28]

text: Simon Abrams of Slant Magazine gave the film one and a half stars and noted "The characters just aren't old enough to be convincing in their hormone-driven need to prove themselves" and "This age gap is also a huge problem when it comes to the range that these kids bring to the project" and noted the portrayal of the child antagonist Cheng includes an "overblown and overused grimace, which looks like it might have originally belonged to Dolph Lundgren, looks especially silly on a kid that hasn't learned how to shave yet." Finally, Abrams noted "What's most upsetting is Dre's budding romance with Meiying. These kids have yet to hit puberty and already they're swooning for each other."[29]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film was released on June 11, 2010 by Columbia Pictures to 3,663 theaters across the United States. The Karate Kid topped the box office on its opening day, grossing $18.8 million, and in its opening weekend, grossing $56 million[4] in North America, beating The A-Team, which grossed an estimated $9.6 million on the same opening day, and $26 million in its opening weekend.[30] It closed on September 18, 2010, after 101 days of release, grossing $176.7 million in the US and Canada along with an additional $182 million overseas for a worldwide total of $358 million, on a moderate budget of $40 million.[4]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: People's Choice Awards 2011[31]

text:
Favorite Family Movie (Nominated)
Favorite On-Screen Team – Jaden Smith & Jackie Chan (Nominated)
Favorite Action Star – Jackie Chan (Won)

text: 2011 Kids' Choice Awards[32]

text:
Favorite Movie (Won)
Favorite Buttkicker (Jackie Chan) (Won)
Favorite Movie Actor (Jaden Smith) (Nominated)

text: 2011 MTV Video Music Aid Japan[33]

text: Best Song from a Movie ("Never Say Never" by Justin Bieber featuring Jaden Smith) (Nominated)

text: 2011 MTV Movie Awards[34]

text: Biggest Badass Star (Jaden Smith) (Nominated)

text: 32nd Young Artist Awards[35]

text: Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film (Jaden Smith) (Won)

text: 2010 Teen Choice Awards[36]

text: Choice Summer: Movie (Nominated)


document_title: Nokia 7 Plus

question_text: which of the lens manufacturer did nokia partner with for the nokia 7 plus

text: Nokia 7 Plus

text: Specifications[edit]

text: Software[edit]

text: As the Nokia 7 Plus is an Android One device, it runs a "pure" version of the Android operating system.[10] It originally shipped with Android 8.0 Oreo;[11] however, an update to Android 8.1 Oreo was soon released for the device.[12][13]

text: On 8 May 2018, it was announced that the Nokia 7 Plus would be one of seven non-Google smartphones to receive the Android P beta.[14]

text: Hardware[edit]

text:
The Nokia 7 Plus has a 6.0-inch LTPS IPS LCD display, Octa-core (4x2.2 GHz Kryo 260 & 4x1.8 GHz Kryo 260) Qualcomm Snapdragon 660 processor, 4 GB of RAM and 64 GB of internal storage that can be expanded using microSD cards up to 256 GB. The phone has a 3800 mAh Li-Ion battery, 13 MP rear camera with LED flash and 16 MP front-facing camera with auto-focus. It is available in Tempered Black/Copper, White/Copper colors.
The phone is designed from a single block of 6000 series aluminium.[15]

text: As with other mid-range and top-range phones from Nokia, the Nokia 7 Plus features exclusive rear camera optics licensed from ZEISS.[16]

text: The NFC-area on the back of the phone is both smaller and weaker than comparable phones. The NFC area can be found to the left of the camera housing.[17]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews of the Nokia 7 Plus have been largely positive. Critics have liked its large display, battery life, and Android One software.[18] Its design and build quality have also been praised. One reviewer called it the most promising Nokia smartphone "in years".[19][20] Android Central praised its camera as being "one of the best" in its $400 price category, and added that the 7 Plus is "one of the best phones of the year".[21]

text: Note[edit]

text: Jump up ^ 6 GB version only as TA-1062 model in JD.com and WeChat Mini Program Nokia Mobile Official Mall as China exclusive sales.

tag: ol


document_title: Long drive

question_text: who hit the longest drive in golf history

text: Long drive

text: Distance[edit]

text: Professional long drivers can average over 350 yards (320 m) in competition,[1] compared with 300 yard (274 m) averages from the top PGA Tour drivers[2] and 220 yards (201 m) for an average amateur.[3] Some shots in competitions surpass 400 yards (366 m).[4] The world record recognized by Guinness Records as the longest drive in a competition is 516 yards (472 m) by 64-year-old Mike Austin in 1974 at the US Senior National Open Qualifier with a 43.5" steel shafted persimmon wood driver.[5] The record distance achieved in The RE/MAX European Long Drive Championship is 473 yards (433m) by Allen Doyle in September 2005.[6] The record distance achieved in The RE/MAX South African Long Drive Championship is 506 yards (462.9m) by Nico Grobbelaar in September 2012. Fast swingers can swing their club heads at over 150 mph (245 km/h), well beyond the 85 mph (140 km/h) average for an amateur. They train for strength, flexibility, and speed and often perform corporate exhibitions for money, exhibiting a variety of trick shots. Ball speeds are nearly double that of an average golfer (220 mph).

text: There are several well-known names in long drive. Jason Zuback is perhaps the most famous, being one of three people to win multiple RE/MAX World Long Drive Championships, with four consecutive wins from 1996–99 and a win in 2006. Sean "The Beast" Fister is another, winning in 1995, 2001, and 2005. Jamie Sadlowski had back to back wins in 2008–09. The Golf Channel is currently the owner of the Long Drivers of America organization.

text: Equipment[edit]

text: Long drive clubs, which are always drivers, are different in many ways from consumer clubs. Until the recent club length limitation rules, the shafts were much longer than a normal 45 in (114.3 cm) shaft, sometimes exceeding 55 in (139.7 cm). In 2005, 50 in (127.0 cm) limitation was introduced (measured vertically).

text: In November, 2016, the World Long Drive Association (WLDA) announced a rule change as it relates to club length that went into effect immediately for all WLDA sanctioned events. The new rule states that all clubs used in competition must conform with the USGA® Rules of Golf (Appendix II, 1c), which limits club length to a maximum of 48 in (120 cm). The rule is upheld by the WLDA at all sanctioned events through the use of a CLUBLENGTH™ Ruler Measuring Tool that conforms to the USGA® method for measuring club length.

text: The rule change reduces the previous maximum length allowed by the WLDA, and is being implemented to allow Long Drive competitors to be held to the same standard of competition as Tour professionals in accordance with the USGA.[7]

text: Long drive shafts differ from standard shafts. The main difference is stiffness, as a shaft not stiff enough will lag in an inconsistent manner, causing a loss of control. These shafts are stiffer in flex and almost always made of graphite, which is lighter than steel. In order to be stiff, a shaft is usually heavier and stronger. The kick point or bend point is also higher for a lower trajectory relative to the swing, and the shaft has a lower torque, meaning that it will not twist as much, allowing the clubhead to stay straighter.

text: Clubheads usually approach the 460 cubic centimeter limit, rarely below 400 cc. They must stay within the Coefficient Of Restitution (COR) limit of 0.83, which measures how a ball hits off the surface. Most clubheads only approach the COR in the center of the club, so technology has allowed more area of the club to possess a COR of above 0.80. Thus, mishits are less affected by the newer clubheads. The loft of a long drive club is also much lower than a consumer club, sometimes around 4 or 5 degrees, as opposed to 10.5 degrees for an amateur's driver. The reason for lower lofted driver heads is to greatly reduce back spin. Too much back spin causes the ball to balloon or climb, creating a steep landing angle which does not allow the ball roll out. A flatter landing angle is desired to get the most out of the ball's forward velocity and energy.

text: Many competitions require golfers to use a specification ball for the tournament. The specific design characteristics of this ball include a dimple design that helps to maintain lower spin rates and a ball compression[definition needed] of 110. The average ball compression in golf varies from the mid-70s to the upper 80s.

text: Notable long drivers[edit]

text:
David Mobley, World Long Drive Champion – 2004 – Ranked #1 in the World by Long Drivers of America in 2003, 2004, and 2005[8]
Bubba Watson, 424 yd. drive [9] (lost Long Drive contest to Jamie Sadlowski)
Alan Shepard, "Miles and miles and miles." Apollo 14, February 5, 1971.[10] (This occurred on the Moon with a 6-iron and is unofficial.)
Mike Austin, He was credited by Guinness World Records with hitting the longest drive in tournament play (471m/515 yards) in 1974
Sean Fister ("The Beast"), World Long Drive Champion 1995, 2001, 2005.[11][12]
Monte Scheinblum, 1992 U.S. National and World Long Drive Champion.[13]
Jason Zuback ("Golfzilla"), World Long Drive Champion 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2006.Seniors World Long Drive Champion 2015.
Sandra Carlborg, Ladies Division WR holder 391,Yards World Long Drive Champion 2011,2012,2014,2015, 2017[14][15]
Phillis Meti 2006 & 2016 Womens World Long Drive Champion. WR for women's longest drive 406 yards [16] and being the youngest female World Champion 19 years, 2 months. Hit 349 yards on the WLD grid in 2008.,,[17][18][19][20]


document_title: Gone in 60 Seconds (2000 film)

question_text: who played kip raines in gone in 60 seconds

text: Gone in 60 Seconds (2000 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Kip Raines (Giovanni Ribisi), an aspiring car thief in Los Angeles, is working with his gang to steal fifty expensive cars for Raymond Calitri (Christopher Eccleston), a British gangster who has inexplicably taken over organized crime in Long Beach, via Calitri's associate, Atley Jackson (Will Patton). On the last heist, their antics bring attention by the police, and they narrowly avoid capture, though are forced to abandon the warehouse and the bulk of cars they stole. Detectives Castlebeck (Delroy Lindo) and Drycoff (Timothy Olyphant) seize the cars and begin an investigation.

text: Calitri kidnaps Kip and threatens to kill him for failing the job. Atley, sympathetic to Kip's plight, visit Kip's older brother, Randall "Memphis" Raines (Nicolas Cage), a former car thief having gone straight years before, and explains the situation. Memphis meets with Calitri to negotiate Kip's release, but in exchange, Calitri forces Memphis to agree to steal the fifty cars within 72 hours or else he will kill Kip. Memphis visits his mentor Otto Halliwell (Robert Duvall) and they assemble a crew, including Donny Astricky (Chi McBride), Sphynx (Vinnie Jones), and Sara "Sway" Wayland (Angelina Jolie), Memphis' old flame. Kip and his crew also offer to help. Knowing the police will be watchful for the thefts, Memphis suggests to steal all the cars in a twelve-hour period. The group starts to identify the target cars with Memphis giving each a female name. He plans on stealing a modified 1967 Ford Shelby GT500, dubbed "Eleanor", last, as he considers the car cursed, with all previous attempts to steal one gone awry. As they scout the car locations, Memphis is approached by Castlebeck and Drycoff. While they cannot charge him with any crime, they warn him that they are watching his activities closely. Later, the detectives discover that some of the previous Mercedes heists were accomplished by ordering laser cut transponder keys direct from Hamburg, Germany, and they set up stakeouts to watch those cars specifically.

text: On the night of the heists, most of the initial thefts go without problems, with the gang members delivering the cars to Calitri's dock. When Memphis and others prepare to steal the Mercedes with the transponder keys, he gets a sense of something amiss, and has the gang abandon those; instead, they successfully scheme a way to obtain those cars from the police impound. Castlebeck, furious that he could not catch Memphis in the act, returns to the seized warehouse to search for any more clues. They discover pieces of a blacklight lamp, and shortly discover the list of fifty cars written in ultraviolet-sensitive paint on the wall. Aware they cannot watch all those cars, Castleback focuses on the Shelby GT500, knowing Memphis' penchant for this car, and its rarity. They quickly locate the few Shelbys in the city.

text: Just as Memphis is about to take the Shelby, the detectives arrive. Memphis leads them and their police escort on a dangerous chase through the city, eventually ditching them near the docks. He delivers the damaged car to Calitri, who refuses it since Memphis was twelve minutes late and the car sustained damage. Calitri then has the Shelby crushed. Memphis again pleads for Calitri's mercy as he prepares to kill Memphis instead with a gun, but Kip and a repentant Atley overcome their guards, and force Calitri to flee into his dockside warehouse; Memphis gives chase just as Castlebeck and Drycoff arrive. Memphis and Calitri engage in a game of cat-and-mouse, the noise drawing the detectives inside. Just as Calitri has Memphis cornered, Castlebeck appears, confusing Calitri, who then prepares to execute Castlebeck. Memphis seizes the opportunity to rush Calitri and push him over a railing to his death, saving Castlebeck. Memphis tensely explains the situation to Castlebeck and where they can find the other stolen cars, and Castlebeck reluctantly lets Memphis and Kip go.

text: The gang celebrates with a barbecue, and as a way of showing thanks, Kip announces he has sold off his chopper motorcycle to buy Memphis a partially-wrecked, but still drive-able, Shelby GT500.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Nicolas Cage as Randall "Memphis" Raines
Angelina Jolie as Sara "Sway" Wayland
Giovanni Ribisi as Kip Raines
Robert Duvall as Otto Halliwell
Delroy Lindo as Det. Roland Castlebeck
Timothy Olyphant as Det. Drycoff
Will Patton as Atley Jackson
Chi McBride as Donny Astricky
Vinnie Jones as "The Sphinx"
Christopher Eccleston as Raymond "The Carpenter" Calitri
Scott Caan as Timmy "Tumbler" Tummel
T.J. Cross as "Mirror Man" (credited TJ Cross)
William Lee Scott as Toby
James Duval as "Freb"
Frances Fisher as Junie Halliwell
Grace Zabriskie as Helen Raines
Master P. as Johnnie B. (uncredited)
Carmen Argenziano as Detective Mayhew
Bodhi Elfman as "Fuzzy" Frizzel
Arye Gross as James Lakewood
Dan Hildebrand as Saul
Michael Peña as Ignacio (credited Michael A. Pena)
John Carroll Lynch as Impound Manager

text: Cars featured[edit]

text: The 50 cars, stolen in the film, are listed below. They are listed in the same order as seen in the film; by year and model, along with their respective codenames.

text:
#
Years
Automobiles
Codes
#
Years
Automobiles
Codes

1
1999
Aston Martin DB7
Mary
26
1999
Infiniti Q45
Rachel

2
1962
Aston Martin DB1
Barbara
27
1994
Jaguar XJ220
Bernadine

3
1999
Bentley Arnage
Lindsey
28
1999
Jaguar XK8 Coupe
Deborah

4
1999
Bentley Azure
Laura
29
1990
Lamborghini Diablo SE30
Gina

5
1964
Bentley Continental
Alma
30
1999
Lexus LS 400
Hillary

6
1959
Cadillac Eldorado
Madeline
31
1999
Lincoln Navigator
Kimberley

7
1958
Cadillac Eldorado Brougham
Patricia
32
1957
Mercedes-Benz 300SL/Gullwing
Dorothy

8
1999
Cadillac Escalade
Carol
33
1999
Mercedes-Benz CL500
Donna

9
2000
Cadillac Eldorado STS
Daniela
34
1999
Mercedes-Benz S600
Samantha

10
1957
Chevrolet Bel Air Convertible
Stefanie
35
1998
Mercedes Benz SL 600
Ellen

11
1969
Chevrolet Camaro Z28
Erin
36
1950
Mercury Custom
Gabriela

12
1953
Chevrolet Corvette
Pamela
37
1971
Plymouth Hemi ‘Cuda
Shannon

13
1967
Corvette Corvette Stingray L71
Stacey
38
1969
Plymouth Road Runner
Jessica

14
2000
Ford F-Series F-350 4×4 Pickup (Modified)
Ann
39
1965
Pontiac GTO
Sharon

15
1971
DeTomaso Pantera
Kate
40
1999
Porsche 996
Tina

16
1970
Plymouth Superbird
Vanessa
41
2000
Porsche Boxster
Marsha

17
1998
Dodge Viper Coupé GTS
Denise
42
1961
Porsche 356B Speedster
Natalie

18
1995
Ferrari F355 B
Diane
43
1988
Porsche 959
Virginia

19
1997
Ferrari F355 F1
Iris
44
1997
Porsche 911 Twin Turbo
Tanya

20
1967
Ferrari 275 GTB/4
Nadine
45
2000
Rolls-Royce Park Ward Stretch Limousine
Grace

21
1999
Ferrari 550 Maranello
Angelina
46
1966
Shelby AC Cobra
Ashley

22
1987
Ferrari Testarossa
Rose
47
1967
Shelby Mustang GT500
Eleanor

23
1956
Ford Thunderbird
Susan
48
2000
Toyota Land Cruiser
Katie

24
2000
GMC Yukon
Megan
49
1998
Toyota Supra Turbo
Lynn

25
1999
Hummer H1 (2 Door)
Tracy
50
2000
Volvo V70R
Lisa

text: Release[edit]

text: In 1995, Denice Shakarian Halicki entered into a license contract to produce the remake with Disney and Jerry Bruckheimer. Filming began in 1999, with Halicki as Executive Producer. The movie premiered on June 9, 2000.

text: The film trailer was narrated by Melissa Disney and the film is widely credited as one of the first major movies to employ a female trailer voice.[3]

text: In its opening weekend, Gone in 60 Seconds grossed $25,336,048 from 3,006 US theaters, leading all films that weekend. By the end of the film's theatrical run, it had grossed $101,648,571 domestically and $135,553,728 internationally, comprising a total gross revenue for the film of $237,202,299 worldwide.[4]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack containing a blend of rock, electronic, and hip hop music was released on June 6, 2000 by the Island Def Jam Music Group. It peaked at #69 on the Billboard 200.[7]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film garnered a mostly poor reaction from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 25% out of 137 reviews gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 4.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Even though Oscar-bearers Nicolas Cage, Angelina Jolie, and Robert Duvall came aboard for this project, the quality of Gone in 60 Seconds is disappointingly low. The plot line is nonsensical, and even the promised car-chase scenes are boring."[8] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[9] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[10]