document_title: Timeline of Star Trek

question_text: where does star trek discovery fit in star trek timeline

text: Timeline of Star Trek

text: Series, books and movie settings[edit]

text: This table shows each TV series and movie, its year of release or broadcast, the year it was set in according to the prevailing Okuda chronology (see below) and the stardate range for that year. The designation Enterprise-based series are the series that featured the various incarnations of the starship USS Enterprise. In universe timeline chronological order Star Trek Enterprise (ENT), Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS), Star Trek: The Animated Series (TAS), Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) and all 13 of the Star Trek feature films including the three newest J.J. Abrams "reboot" films, or "Kelvin Timeline" based on the original series.

text:
Year
Stardates
Enterprise
Novels and Comics
Deep Space Nine
Voyager
Kelvin Timeline
Discovery

Birth of the Universe

"Death Wish" (1996)

3.5 billion years ago

"All Good Things..." (1994)/primordial Earth

~2840 BC

"All Our Yesterdays" [primary plotline] (1969)

1893

"Time's Arrow" [primary plotline] (1992)

1930

"The City on the Edge of Forever" [primary plotline] (1967)

1944

"Storm Front" [primary plotline] (2004)

1947

"Little Green Men" [primary plotline] (1995)

1957

"Carbon Creek" [primary plotline] (2002)

1968

"Assignment: Earth" [primary plotline] (1968)

1969

"Tomorrow Is Yesterday" [primary plotline] (1967) ("late 1960s" in dialogue, but a radio broadcast states that Apollo 11 will be launched on "Wednesday")

1986

The Voyage Home [primary plotline] (1986)

1992–1996

"Eugenics Wars"
Khan Comics [secondary plotline]

"Future's End" [primary plotline]

2000

"11:59" [primary plotline]

2004

"Carpenter Street" [primary plotline] (2003)

2024

"Past Tense" [primary plotline] (1995)

2032

"One Small Step" [primary plotline] (1999)

2049–2053

World War III

2054–2079

Post-atomic horror

2063

First Contact [primary plotline] (1996)

2112

Jonathan Archer born in Upstate New York

2151–2152

Enterprise season 1 (2001–2002)

2152–2153

Enterprise season 2 (2002–2003)

2153–2154

Enterprise season 3 (2003–2004)

2154–2155

Enterprise season 41 (2004–2005)

2156–2160

Earth–Romulan War

2161

Enterprise series finale: "These are the voyages..." holodeck simulation of the events2 (2005)
Founding of the United Federation of Planets

2164
2164 (Reboot Stardate)

USS Franklin goes missing: Star Trek Beyond (2016)

2233
2233 (Reboot Stardate)

Star Trek (2009)3

2233–2258
2233–2258 (Reboot Stardates)

Nero comics

2245–2250

The Constitution-class USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is launched under the command of Captain Robert April and begins its first 5 year mission.

2254

"The Cage" (1964)

2256
1207.3

"The Vulcan Hello" (2017)

2258–2259
2258–2259 (Reboot Stardate)

Star Trek (2009)

2259
2259.246 (Reboot Stardate)

Khan Comics [primary plotline]

2259–2260
2259–2260 (Reboot Stardate)

Star Trek Into Darkness (2013)

2263
2263.2 (Reboot Stardate)

Star Trek Beyond (2016)

2265
1000–1499
"Where No Man Has Gone Before" (1965)

2266–2267
1500–3299
Star Trek season 1 (1966–1967)

2267–2268
3300–4799
Star Trek season 2 (1967–1968)

"Trials and Tribble-ations" [primary plotline — taking place within TOS' "The Trouble With Tribbles"] (1996)

2268–2269
4800–5999
Star Trek season 3 (1968–1969)

2269
5221–5683
Star Trek: The Animated Series season 1 (1973–1974)
Killing Time Novel

2269
6000–6146
Star Trek: The Animated Series season 2 (1974)

2270
6147-6995
Star Trek: Continues (2017)

2273
7410–7599
The Motion Picture (1979)

2275

Spock's World Novel

2278
7818.1
USS Bozeman launched: "Cause and Effect" (1992)

2285
8100–8299
The Wrath of Khan (1982)
The Search for Spock (1984)

2286
8300–8399
The Voyage Home (1986)

2287
8400–8499
The Final Frontier (1989)

2293
9500–9999
The Undiscovered Country (1991)
Generations (Prologue) (1994)

"Flashback" [flashback taking place within The Undiscovered Country] (1996)

2298–2364

The Lost Era Novels

2333–2355
10000-32999

Stargazer Novels

2354–2381
31000-58999

New Frontier Novels

2364
41000–41999
The Next Generation season 1 (1987–1988)

2365
42000–42999
The Next Generation season 2 (1988–1989)

2366
43000–43999
The Next Generation season 3 (1989–1990)

2367
44000–44999
The Next Generation season 4 (1990–1991)

"Emissary" [flashback to the Battle of Wolf 359] (1993)

2368
45000–45999
The Next Generation season 5 (1991–1992)

2369
46000–46999
The Next Generation season 6 (1992–1993)

Deep Space Nine season 1 (1993)

2370
47000–47999
The Next Generation season 7 (1993–1994)
Enterprise series finale4 (2005)
Q-Squared Novel
Deep Space Nine season 2 (1993–1994)

2371
48000–48999
Generations (1994)

Deep Space Nine season 3 (1994–1995)
Voyager season 1 (1995)

2372
49000–49999

Deep Space Nine season 4 (1995–1996)
Voyager season 2 (1995–1996)

2373
50000–50999
First Contact (1996)

Deep Space Nine season 5 (1996–1997)
Voyager season 3 (1996–1997)

2374
51000–51999

Deep Space Nine season 6 (1997–1998)
Voyager season 4 (1997–1998)

2375
52000–52999
Insurrection (1998)

Deep Space Nine season 7 (1998–1999)
Voyager season 5 (1998–1999)

2376
53000–53999

A Stitch in Time Novel

Voyager season 6 (1999–2000)

2377–2378
54000–55599

Voyager season 7 (2000–2001)

2378–2379
55600-56399

A Time to... Novels

2379
56400–56899
Nemesis (2002)

2379–2386
56900-63999

Titan Novels

2387
64000-64999
Star Trek (film) (2009) flashback, also in the Star Trek Comic: Star Trek: Countdown

2395
72000-72999
The Next Generation series finale: "All Good Things..." (1994)

text: Timeline[edit]

text: This timeline is based on the Star Trek Chronology model described below, supplemented by data from startrek.com.[1]

text: Note: Many of these dates are rounded-off approximations, as the dialog from which they are derived often includes qualifiers such as "over," "more than," or "less than."

text: Before Common Era[edit]

text:
The Big Bang

Quinn hides in the big bang to avoid discovery by Q.[2]

c. 6 billion years ago

The Guardian of Forever is formed.[3]

c. 4 billion years ago

A humanoid civilization seeds the oceans of many planets with genetic material, which would lead to the development of humanoids on many planets.[4]

c. 65 to 100 million years ago

The dinosaurs (the Voth civilization) from the episode "Distant Origin" are most likely descendants of Hadrosaurids who lived in the Cretaceous period of Earth's history.

c. 1 million years ago

Sargon's people explore the galaxy and colonize various planets, possibly including Vulcan.[5]

c. 600,000 years ago

The Tkon Empire, an interstellar state consisting of dozens of star systems in the Alpha Quadrant, becomes extinct.

c. 200,000 years ago

The Iconian civilization is destroyed.

c. 8,000 BC

The Dominion may have been founded in the Gamma Quadrant by the shapeshifting race known as the Changelings around this time, possibly in a different form than is known in the modern timeline.[6]

c. 2700 BC

A group of extraterrestrial beings landed on Earth and was eventually known as the Greek gods established in the episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?".

text: 1st millennium[edit]

text:
c. 4th century

The Vulcan Time of Awakening. In the midst of horrific wars on Vulcan, the philosopher Surak leads his people, teaching them to embrace logic and suppress all emotion.[7]
The Dominion may have been founded in the Gamma Quadrant by the shapeshifting race known as the Changelings around this time.[8]

c. 9th century

Kahless the Unforgettable unites the Klingons by defeating the tyrant Molor in battle, and provides his people with teachings based on a philosophy of honor.[9]

text: Pre-20th century[edit]

text:
c. 1570

The ancient Bajorans use solar sail ships to explore their star system, and at least one reaches Cardassia.[10]

18th century

The Suliban homeworld becomes uninhabitable. ("Detained" (ENT))
The Preservers transport various Native Americans to a far-away planet.[11]

c. 1864

The Skagarans abduct humans for use as slaves in their colony world. (as referred to in Enterprise Season 3: North Star)

c. 1871

The Cardassian Union is established.[12]

1888

August 31 – Jack the Ripper's first victim is found murdered and mutilated in East London. (as referred to in Star Trek: The Original Series Season 2: "Wolf in the Fold")

c. 1893

"Time's Arrow" (TNG)

text: 20th century[edit]

text:
1930

"The City on the Edge of Forever" (TOS)
February 18 – Pluto discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.

1937

Several hundred humans are secretly abducted by aliens and brought to the Delta Quadrant. Eight are cryogenically frozen, including long-lost pilot Amelia Earhart. "The 37's" (VOY)

1944

"Storm Front" (ENT)

1947

Three Ferengi (Quark, Rom, and Nog) crash land in the New Mexico desert, and are held by the U.S. government at a secret base for scientific study. "Little Green Men" (DS9)

1957

A Vulcan scout ship visits Earth, according to a story told by T'Pol (presumably a true story as T'Pol examines a purse which was portrayed as used by her great-great-grandmother during the story; see episode entry). "Carbon Creek" (ENT)

1961

April 12 – The first human journeys into outer space: Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin.

1967

Captain Braxton's 29th century Federation timeship Aeon crashlands on Earth. "Future's End" (Voyager)
January 27 – A launch pad fire during Apollo program tests at Cape Canaveral, Florida, kills astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chafee.

1968

"Assignment: Earth" (TOS)
October 11 – Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission, is launched with astronauts Walter M. Schirra, Jr.; Donn F. Eisele; and Walter Cunningham aboard.

1969

"Tomorrow Is Yesterday" (TOS)

1970

April 17 – Apollo 13 returns to Earth.

1971

January 31 – Apollo 14 departs for the moon.

1974

March 29 – The unmanned U.S. space probe Mariner 10 becomes the first spacecraft to visit the planet Mercury, sending back close-up images of a celestial body usually obscured because of its proximity to the sun.

1976

July 20 – the Viking 1 lander, an unmanned U.S. planetary probe, becomes the first spacecraft to successfully land on the surface of Mars.

1986 –

Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home
December 23 – The experimental aircraft Voyager lands at Edwards Air Force Base in California, completing the first nonstop flight around the globe on one load of fuel.
January 28 – The Space Shuttle Challenger explodes during launch of STS-51-L, killing all 7 on board, including school teacher Christa McAuliffe.

1992

The Eugenics Wars (WWIII) begin.[13] (WWIII is retconned to be in 2050s by TNG's Encounter at Farpoint and Star Trek First Contact; DS9's "Doctor Bashir, I Presume?" retcons the Eugenics Wars as being in the 22nd century)

1995

June 29 – The American space shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian space station Mir to form the largest man-made satellite ever to orbit the Earth.

1996

The Eugenics Wars end.[13] (WWIII is retconned to be in 2050s by TNG's Encounter at Farpoint and Star Trek First Contact; DS9's "Doctor Bashir, I Presume?" retcons the Eugenics Wars as being in the 22nd century)
"Future's End" (VOY)

1999

Voyager 6 is launched[14]

text: 21st century[edit]

text:
2000

The past events of "11:59" (VOY).

2002

The interstellar probe Nomad is launched.[1][15]

2003

February 1 – The space shuttle Columbia breaks up while entering the atmosphere over Texas killing all seven crew members.

2004

The past events of "Carpenter Street" (ENT).

2009

The first successful Earth-Saturn probe takes place.[1][16]

2011

July 21 – NASA's space shuttle program completes its final mission when the shuttle Atlantis lands at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

2012

The world's first self-sustaining civic environment, Millennium Gate, which became the model for the first habitat on Mars, completed in Portage Creek, Indiana. ("11:59", Voyager)

2018

Sleeper ships are made obsolete.[17]

2024

A united Ireland is achieved by republican terrorists (TNG "The High Ground")
The past events of "Past Tense" (DS9). Namely the "Bell Riots".

2032

Ares IV, a manned mission to Mars is launched.[18]
Zefram Cochrane is born

2037

The spaceship Charybdis makes an attempt to leave the solar system.[19]

2053

World War III ends and Earth is left devastated, mostly because of nuclear warfare. Scientific advancement continues, however.[20] (In TOS WWIII took place in the 1990s[13] while DS9's "Doctor Bashir, I Presume?" had the Eugenics Wars in the 22nd century)

2063

The past events of Star Trek: First Contact. Zefram Cochrane makes the first human warp flight with the Phoenix. This attracts the Vulcans and they make first contact with humans.

c. 2065

The SS Valiant is launched.[1][21]

2067

The unmanned interstellar warp probe Friendship 1 is launched[22]

2069

The colony ship SS Conestoga is launched. It would found the Terra Nova colony.[23]

2079

Earth begins to recover from its nuclear war.[24] The recovery is aided and partially organized by a newly established political entity called the European Hegemony.[1]

2088

T'Pol is born

text: 22nd century[edit]

text:
2103

Earth colonizes Mars

2111

Jonathan Archer is born in upstate New York on Earth.[25]

2119

Zefram Cochrane, who now is residing on Alpha Centauri, sets off for parts unknown and disappears. Some thought he was testing a new engine. After an exhaustive search, it is believed that Cochrane has died. He becomes one of the most famous missing people in history.[26]

2129

Hoshi Sato is born.[25]

2142

Warp 2 Barrier broken by Commander Robinson in NX Alpha and Warp 2.5 achieved by Commander Archer in NX Beta

2145

Warp 3 Broken by Commander Duvall in NX Delta

2150

Keel laid for Enterprise (NX-01)

2151–2155

The events of Star Trek: Enterprise take place.[27]

2156–2160

The Earth-Romulan War is fought between United Earth and its allies, and the Romulan Star Empire. The war ends in a stalemate though the Romulans are defeated at the Battle of Cheron. The Romulan Neutral Zone is established.[1]

2161

The United Federation of Planets is founded by Earth, Tellar, Andoria, and Vulcan.[28][29]

2165

Sarek, Federation diplomat and father of Spock, is born on Vulcan.[30]

2160s to 2196

The Daedalus class starship is active.[31]

text: 23rd century[edit]

text:
2222

Montgomery Scott is born in Scotland.[32]

2226

Michael Burnham is born on Earth.[33]

2227

Leonard McCoy is born in Georgia, North America on Earth.[34]

2230

Spock, the son of Sarek and the human Amanda Grayson, is born on Vulcan.[35]
Hikaru Sulu is born in San Francisco, North America on Earth.[36]

2233

James T. Kirk is born in Riverside, Iowa on Earth.[37]

2233 (alternate timeline)

James T. Kirk is born aboard a shuttlecraft from the USS Kelvin.
James T. Kirk's father, George Kirk, is killed.
Nyota Uhura is born in the United States of Africa.[38] This fits with the alternate timeline, unlike her alternate birth date of 2239, for the latter would suggest her only being nineteen in the film.

2241 (alternate timeline)

Pavel Chekov born in Russia on Earth

2245–2250

The USS Enterprise, a Constitution class vessel is launched under the command of Robert April, on a five-year mission of exploration.[1] In the alternate timeline created by Nero's attack on the USS Kelvin, the Enterprise is still under construction in 2255 and is not launched on her maiden voyage until 2258.

2245

Pavel Chekov is born to Russian parents.[39] In the alternate timeline created by Nero's attack on the USS Kelvin, Chekov is only eight years younger than James T. Kirk, implying a birthdate of 2241.[40]

2250

After a refit, the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is launched on a second five-year mission under Captain Christopher Pike.[1]

2254

The events of "The Cage".[41]

2256

The events of Star Trek: Discovery take place.

2258

The events of Star Trek take place. Nero destroys the planet Vulcan – killing billions, including Spock's mother – as well as 9 Federation starships. The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is launched on her maiden voyage under Captain Christopher Pike. James T. Kirk becomes the ship's new captain shortly afterward. Henceforth, a different timeline is required.

2259 (alternate timeline)

The events of Star Trek Into Darkness take place.

2260 (alternate timeline)

The Enterprise is launched on a historic five-year mission.

2263 (alternate timeline)

The events of Star Trek Beyond take place. The USS Enterprise is destroyed – The USS Enterprise-A is commissioned at Starbase Yorktown as its replacement.

2261–2264

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) undergoes a major refit, increasing its crew complement from 203 to 430.[1]

2263

Boothby, groundskeeper and counselor at Starfleet Academy, is born.

2265–2270

James T. Kirk is captain of the starship Enterprise on a historic five-year mission.[1]

2265

The events of "Where No Man Has Gone Before".

2266–2269

The events of Star Trek: The Original Series take place.

2269-2270

The events of Star Trek: The Animated Series take place.

2270

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) returns from its five-year mission under the command of Captain James T. Kirk and enters major refit while Kirk is promoted to Admiral at Starfleet Command.

2273

The events of Star Trek: The Motion Picture.

2273-2278

The upgraded USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) embarks on a five-year mission under the command of Admiral James T. Kirk.[1]

2279

Around this time the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is retired from active duty and assigned as a training vessel in orbit of Earth.[1]

2285

The events of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.
The events of Star Trek III: The Search for Spock. The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) is destroyed to prevent it from falling into Klingon hands.

2286

The events of Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home.
The newly refit USS Yorktown (NCC-1704) is renamed the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-A) and is launched on its maiden voyage.

2287

The events of Star Trek V: The Final Frontier. (Note that this film apparently takes place soon after the events of the fourth film, as evidenced by Scotty's complaints about repairing the ship after its shakedown cruise, which was depicted at the end of Star Trek IV. Star Trek V would then take place in early 2287, with the events of Star Trek IV spanning most of 2286, with several months passing after Kirk's return to the future to account for the preparation of the Enterprise-A and Gillian's training for her space assignment.)

2293

The events of Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. The Enterprise-A is slated to be decommissioned shortly afterwards.
The opening events of Star Trek Generations. The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-B) is launched under the command of John Harriman. James T. Kirk is presumed killed.

text: 24th century[edit]

text:
2305

Jean-Luc Picard is born in LaBarre, France on Earth.[42]

2311

The Tomed Incident.[1][43]

2324

Beverly Howard (Crusher) is born in Copernicus City, Luna.[42]

2332

Benjamin L. Sisko is born in New Orleans, Louisiana on Earth.[1]

2333

Jean-Luc Picard becomes captain of the USS Stargazer.[1]

2335

Geordi La Forge is born in the African Federation, Earth[42]
William T. Riker is born in Valdez, Alaska on Earth.[1]

2336

Deanna Troi is born on Betazed.[42]
Kathryn Janeway is born in Bloomington, Indiana on Earth.[citation needed]

2337

Tasha Yar is born in a failed Federation colony on Turkana IV.[1]

2340

Worf, son of Mogh, is born on the Klingon homeworld, Qo'noS.[1][44]

2341

Julian Bashir is born.[45]

2343

The Galaxy class development project is officially given the greenlight by Starfleet Command.[46]

2344

The Enterprise-C, under the command of Captain Rachel Garrett, is destroyed defending a Klingon settlement on Narendra III under attack from Romulans.[1][47]
Due to the Enterprise-C's sacrifice, a new era of more open communication begins between the Federation and the Klingon Empire, leading to a formalized alliance.

2345

Sela (half-romulan/half-human), daughter of Natasha Yar (alternate reality from "Yesterday's Enterprise") is born.

2346

Worf's parents are killed by Romulans in the Khitomer massacre. Worf (age 6) is adopted by human parents.[1][48]

2349

Annika Hansen is born in Tendara Colony, to Magnus and Erin Hansen.

2355

Magnus, Erin, and Annika Hansen are assimilated by the Borg while on a research mission in the Delta quadrant.

2357

Worf is the first Klingon to enter Starfleet Academy.[1]
USS Galaxy (NX-70637), the prototype Galaxy class is launched.[46]

2363

USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D), the third Galaxy class starship (Following the Galaxy and Yamato) is launched from the Utopia Planitia shipyards in Mars orbit (under the command of Jean-Luc Picard), and becomes the Federation's new flagship.

2364–2370

The events of Star Trek: The Next Generation.

2367

The Borg assimilate Captain Jean-Luc Picard – the Battle of Wolf 359 is fought 7.7 light years from Earth in Sector 001. The battle results in the loss of 39 Starfleet vessels and over 11,000 lives. Benjamin Sisko aboard the USS Saratoga was a participant in the battle and was one of the few survivors alongside his son Jake Sisko. With the task force lost, the Borg continue to Earth. Picard is rescued and the Borg cube is destroyed via the actions of the crew of the Enterprise-D.

2369–2375

The events of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

2371

The events of Star Trek Generations. The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D) is destroyed – the stardrive section by a warp core breach; the saucer section containing the crew makes a forced landing on Veridian III. The ship is subsequently declared a total loss. James T. Kirk reappears from the temporal continuum in which he had been since his disappearance in 2293; Kirk is killed on Veridian III (Kirk is resurrected a month later in a subsequent story).

2371–2378

The events of Star Trek: Voyager.
"Caretaker": the USS Voyager is stranded in the Delta Quadrant.

2372

Sovereign-class USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E) launched under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard

2373

The events of Star Trek: First Contact. The Battle of Sector 001 occurs with a Starfleet Task Force engaging in a running battle with a Borg cube en-route to Earth. The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E) follows a Borg sphere through a temporal rift and events shift at that point to 2063.

2373–2375

The Dominion War is fought. After devastating losses on both sides, The Federation, alongside the Romulan and Klingon Empires in 2375 make a final push against the Dominion resulting in the Battle of Cardassia. The Dominion subsequently surrenders to the Federation. With the Klingon military in ruins, and the Cardassian Union shattered, The Federation and Romulan Empire emerge from the conflict as the only major powers with the influence to affect Alpha Quadrant politics.

2375

The events of Star Trek: Insurrection.[49] Dialogue in this film and in the DS9 finale "What You Leave Behind" place the chronology of this film as during that episode, after the final battle of the war but before the treaty signing ceremony. Most notable in the film is Worf's ability to leave the station to join the Enterprise, as well as a line about Federation diplomats being involved in Dominion negotiations, and the Federation's willingness to work with the Son'a, who are established as a Dominion ally during the war.

2378

With the help of a future Admiral Janeway, the USS Voyager returns to the Alpha Quadrant. ("Endgame")

2379

The events of Star Trek: Nemesis, resulting in the death of Lieutenant Commander Data.[50]
Discovery of previously unknown Android named "B-4", a prototype android similar in design to Lt. Commander Data but with a notably less advanced Positronic Network.

2387

A star in the Romulan Empire goes Supernova. Ambassador Spock attempts to counter the resulting shockwave using Red Matter, but is unable to save the planet Romulus from destruction. Spock and a Romulan ship commanded by Nero are dragged into a black hole created by the Red Matter detonation and arrive in the past. Nero's arrival in 2233 and subsequent attack on the USS Kelvin creates the Kelvin Timeline.
Based on pattern of Romulan empire following the Roman Empire the Romulan empire is split into a republic and an empire. The empire, being supported by the tal shiar continues with its non trusting nature and the republic opens dialogue with the federation.

2395

The "Future" in the Star Trek: The Next Generation series finale ("All Good Things...")

text: 26th century[edit]

text:
c. 2540–2550

The Starship Enterprise-J (presumably NCC 1701-J) is commissioned and takes part in the Battle of Procyon V against the Spherebuilders as shown in Enterprise episode "Azati Prime".

text: 27th century[edit]

text: Temporal Cold War (With agents from the 31st century) – First established in the pilot episode of Star Trek: Enterprise and recurring until the series' fourth season premiere, it is a struggle between those who would alter history to suit their own ends and those who would preserve the integrity of the original timeline.

text: 29th century[edit]

text: The Aeon-type timeship is in active service during this century, ("Future's End") as is the Wells-class timeship Relativity. ("Relativity")

text: 31st century[edit]

text: Star Trek: Voyager episode "Living Witness" takes place sometime during this century. By Star Trek's fictional chronology, this is the last episode of all the seven series.

text:
Episodes with time traveler Daniels from Enterprise

"Cold Front", "Shockwave", "Azati Prime"

text: History of the chronology[edit]

text: There have been several efforts to develop a chronology[51] for the events depicted by the Star Trek television series and its spin-offs. This matter has been complicated by the continued additions to the Star Trek canon, and the scarcity of Gregorian calendar dates given in the show (stardates instead being used).

text: Original series[edit]

text: There are few references setting the original series in an exact time frame, and those that exist are largely contradictory. In the episode, "Tomorrow Is Yesterday", a 1960s military officer says that he's going to lock Captain Kirk up "for two hundred years", to which a bemused Kirk says, "That ought to be just about right". Likewise, in the episode "Space Seed", it is said that the 1996 warlord Khan Noonian Singh is from "two centuries" ago. Both these references place the show in the 22nd century. However, in the episode "Miri", it is said that 1960 was around 300 years ago, pushing the show into the 23rd century. Finally, the episode "The Squire of Gothos" implied that the light cone of 19th century Earth has expanded to 900 light years, which seems to set the show in the 28th century, since light would take nine centuries to traverse that distance.

text: According to notes in The Making of Star Trek, the show is set in the 23rd century, and the Enterprise was supposed to be around 40 years old. Roddenberry says in this book that the stardate system was invented to avoid pinning down the show precisely in time frame.[52] Roddenberry's original pitch for the series dated it "'somewhere in the future. It could be 1995, or maybe even 2995".[53]

text: Early chronologies[edit]

text: The Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology and FASA, a publisher of the first licensed Star Trek role-playing game, chose to take the "Space Seed figure", adding a few years to make sure the events of the Original Series were in the 23rd century. This dating system is followed by other spin-off works in the 1980s, including Mr. Scott's Guide to the Enterprise. This timeline system gives the following dates[54][55]

text:
The sub-warp ship the UNSS Icarus makes first contact with Alpha Centauri in 2048, and there meets Zefrem Cochran [sic], who has invented warp drive.[54]
The first Earth warp ship, the Bonaventure makes its first voyage, to Tau Ceti, in 2059.[54]
The first contact with Vulcans is in 2065.[54]
The Federation is formed in 2087.[54]
The Romulan War occurs in the 2100s.[54]
First contact with the Klingon Empire in 2151.[54]
The first Constitution-class starship is launched in 2188.[54]
The USS Enterprise's five-year mission under Captain Kirk lasts from 2207 to 2212.[55]
The events of Star Trek: The Motion Picture occur in 2217.[55]
The events of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan occur around 2222 (dialogue in the film says it is set "fifteen years" after the Season One episode "Space Seed").
The events of Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home occur on September 21, 2222.[55]

text: The Star Fleet Battles game was published in 1979, with a license only covering the original series. It has since diverged into an entirely separate fictional universe, new additions to which continue to be published. It does not tie into the Gregorian calendar, instead using a "Year 1" of the invention of Warp on earth. Its version of the original series backstory is

text:
Y1 – Warp drive is developed on Earth.
Y4 – Federation is formed by Earth, Vulcan, Andoria, Alpha Centauri.
Y40-Y46 – Romulan War.
Y71 – Starfleet is formed.
Y126 – The Constitution-class is launched (an upgrade from the Republic-class).
Y154–159 – The events of the Original Series.

text: See Star Fleet Universe timeline.

text: TNG era and Okuda[edit]

text: Press materials for The Next Generation suggested it was set in the 24th century, seventy-eight years after the existing Star Trek, although the exact time frame had not yet been set in stone. The pilot had dialogue stating Data was part of the Starfleet "class of '78".[56] The pilot episode, "Encounter at Farpoint", also has a cameo appearance by Leonard "Bones" McCoy, who is said to be 137.

text: In the last episode of the first season, the year is firmly established by Data, as 2364.[56] This marked the first time an explicit future calendar date had been attached to a Star Trek storyline, and allowed fans and writers to extrapolate further dates. For example, the established date implies McCoy was born around 2227, ruling out the Spaceflight Chronology-derived dating of the original series to the early 23rd century (though the dating had already been effectively overruled by Star Trek IV, which primarily takes place in 1986, where Kirk tells Gillian Taylor that he is from the late 23rd Century, though he does not give an exact date).

text: A Star Trek Chronology was published in 1993, written by production staff members Denise Okuda and Michael Okuda.[57] A second edition was issued in 1996.[1] Okuda originally drew up a timeline for internal use by writers, based on his own research and assumptions provided by Richard Arnold. The dates in the Chronology are consistent with the earlier Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual.[46]

text: It gives the following dates:

text:
Zephram Cochrane invents warp drive around 2061 (so that the SS Valiant can be constructed and go missing two hundred years before "Where No Man Has Gone Before", dated to 2265; the first edition gives 2061, the second edition moves this to 2063 per Star Trek: First Contact)
the Romulan War takes place in the 2150s (about a hundred years before "Balance of Terror")
the Federation is formed in 2161, after the Romulan War, on the basis that "Balance of Terror" says that it was an Earth-Romulan war, not a Federation-Romulan War
the first Constitution class starship is launched in 2244, followed by the Enterprise in 2245
Kirk's five-year mission lasts from 2264 to 2269, based on the assumption that the original series is set exactly 300 years after its original broadcast.

aired live-action Star Trek episodes are dated from 2266 to 2269. The chronology does not include the events of Star Trek: The Animated Series. This is in keeping also with Gene Roddenberry's concept (discussed in The Making of Star Trek by Roddenberry and Stephen Whitfield) that Star Trek's first season takes place after the mission has been under way for some time.
An episode of Voyager—"Q2"—, aired after the Chronology was published, established that Kirk's five-year mission actually ended in 2270.

the events of Star Trek: The Motion Picture take place in 2271 (Kirk has been Chief of Starfleet Operations for two-and-a-half years, according to dialog from Kirk and Decker)

The "Q2" dating for Kirk's five-year mission, moves the first film to c. 2273.

Numerous sources, including the Chronology, postulate a second five-year mission under now-Admiral Kirk's command began soon after the events of the first movie; in part this is to take into account the unproduced revival series Star Trek: Phase II.
the events of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Star Trek III: The Search for Spock take place in 2285

The Wrath of Khan is a sequel to the episode "Space Seed", which Okuda dates to 2267. In Okuda's timeline there is a gap of eighteen years rather than the fifteen years established in dialog. The film was released in 1982, fifteen years after the episode's broadcast in 1967. The film begins on Kirk's birthday, which is semi-canonically established as March 22, the same as William Shatner.

the events of Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home take place in 2286

This places Star Trek III in late 2285, as Kirk states in his log that the Enterprise crew has been on Vulcan for "three months" since bringing Spock home

the events of Star Trek V: The Final Frontier take place in 2287
the events Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country take place in 2293, based on McCoy's statement that he had served on the Enterprise for 27 years, and his absence in "Where No Man Has Gone Before"
The Kirk-era part of Star Trek Generations is set 78 years before 2371 (established by way of an on-screen caption), thus is set in 2293 and soon after Star Trek VI

text: The gap between 1986's Star Trek IV: the Voyage Home (2286) and the 1987 first season of The Next Generation (2364) is 78 years by this timeline, matching early press materials.

text: There was a gap of 10 years between the broadcast of the last episode of Star Trek: The Original Series and the release of The Motion Picture. The film skirted round the fact the actors had aged, supposing that only two and a half years had passed since the events of the TV show. For Star Trek II, it was decided to acknowledge the reality of the ageing actors, both by setting the film some 15 years after "Space Seed", and by having Kirk worry about getting old.[58]

text: Within The Next Generation era, episodes and films are easier to date. Stardates correspond exactly with seasons, with the first two digits of the stardate representing the season number. Okuda assumes the start of a season is January 1 and the end of the season is December 31.[1] The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager television series and movies have roughly followed "real time", and are set around 377 years after their release.

text: Since the Chronology was published, it has been generally adhered to by the producers of the show. The film Star Trek: First Contact and prequel series Star Trek: Enterprise both revisit the early era. In First Contact, Zephram Cochrane is confirmed as having invented warp drive on Earth, but the date is moved forward slightly to 2063, and it is revealed that Earth's official first contact with an alien species, the Vulcans, took place immediately afterwards as a result of this.

text: The dating of the final season of Star Trek: Voyager has presented controversy. The standard assumption about stardates, as well as the regular correspondence between seasons and in-universe years, would place the entire season in the year 2377—the season begins with stardate 54014.4 and ends with 54973.4. However, the episode "Homestead" features a celebration of the 315th anniversary of Zefram Cochrane's first contact with the Vulcans, which would set the episode on April 5, 2378. The fansite Memory Alpha thus places the final eight episodes of the season ("Human Error" through "Endgame") in 2378, with other sources following suit.

text: Enterprise is set in the 2150s, and ties into the Cochrane backstory. The show uses the Gregorian calendar instead of Stardates, making tracking the dating easier. Its pilot, "Broken Bow", depicts first contact with the Klingons occurring much earlier than the Okuda chronology anticipated (it suggested a date of 2218, based on a line in "Day of the Dove", noting that dialog in "First Contact" makes this problematic – though the actual line in the episode referred to hostilities between the two, and in Enterprise Human-Klingon relations, while by no means friendly, clearly do not rise to the de facto state of war shown in TOS). It shows the opening of the Romulan war and the start of a coalition between Earth, Vulcan, Andor and Tellar in the 2150s. The date of the founding year of the Federation, 2161, was revealed in the fifth-season TNG episode "The Outcast," based on an early draft of the Okuda timeline. The final episode of Enterprise, "These Are the Voyages...", is consistent with the establishment of 2161 as the founding year for the Federation.

text: No version of the Chronology or the Encyclopedia has been published since 1999. A 2006 book by Jeff Ayers contains a timeline which attempts to date all of the many Star Trek novels.[59] This timeline has The Motion Picture in 2273, to account for the two-and-a-half-year gap between the end-date of 2270 established in "Q2" and the events of the movie. The official website, StarTrek.com, still gives the date of that movie as 2271.[60]

text: Eugenics Wars and World War III[edit]

text: When the original series of Star Trek was produced, the 1990s were considered the distant future, and so various elements of the backstory to Star Trek are set in that era, particularly the Eugenics Wars. The references to the Eugenics Wars and to a nuclear war in the 21st century are somewhat contradictory.

text: The episode "Space Seed" establishes the Eugenics Wars, and has them lasting from 1992 to 1996. The Eugenics Wars are described as a global conflict in which the progeny of a human genetic engineering project, most notably Khan Noonien Singh, established themselves as supermen and attempted world domination. Spock calls them "your last so-called World War," and McCoy identifies this with the Eugenics Wars.

text: In the episode "Bread and Circuses" Spock gives a death toll for World War III of 37 million. The episode "The Savage Curtain" features a Colonel Green, who led a genocidal war in the 21st century. The TNG episode "Encounter at Farpoint" further establishes a "post-atomic horror" on Earth in 2079. However, the movie Star Trek: First Contact put the contact between Vulcans and humans at April 5, 2063.

text: The Star Trek Concordance identifies the "Bread and Circuses" figure as the death toll for a nuclear World War III, in the mid-21st century. Star Trek: First Contact firmly establishes World War III ended, after a nuclear exchange, in 2053, but with a body count of 600 million. The figure of Colonel Green is elaborated on in Star Trek: Enterprise. First Contact also deliberately describes the warring parties in World War III as "factions," not nations per se.

text: The Voyager episode "Future's End" saw the Voyager crew time-travel to Los Angeles in 1996, which, as the Encyclopedia notes, seems entirely unaffected by the Eugenics Wars, which ended that year. The episode acknowledges the issue only by featuring a model of Khan's DY-100-class ship on a 1996 desk.[61] Khan's spaceship is another anomaly for the timeline, which has a variety of long-lost spaceships being launched between 1980 and 2100, with inconsistent levels of technology (caused by the increasing real lifetime and also decreased optimism about the pace of space exploration).

text: A reference in the Deep Space Nine episode "Doctor Bashir, I Presume?" suggests that the Eugenic Wars instead took place in the 22nd century. According to writer Ronald D. Moore, this was not an attempt at a retcon, but a mistake – when writing the episode, he recalled the already questionable "two centuries ago" line from "Space Seed" and forgot that DS9 takes place over 100 years later.[62]

text: Season 4 of Star Trek: Enterprise involves a trilogy of episodes ("Borderland" "Cold Station 12", and "The Augments") related to scientist Doctor Arik Soong, ancestor of Doctor Noonien Soong, and his genetic augmentations of Humans. Numerous historical details of the devastating Eugenics Wars are discussed: the death of 35–37 million people; how Earth's governments could not decide on the fate of the 1,800 genetically enhanced embryos; and how Soong had infiltrated the complex and stolen and raised 19 embryos himself. Soong maintained that he himself and humanity in general had learned the lessons of the Eugenics Wars and should not continue to hide behind those events when there was progress to be made now that the technology had matured and was much more practicable. (The actions of his "children" convince him otherwise, and at the end of "The Augments" Soong declares his interest in cybernetics, beginning the work which would one day bring about Data.)

text: Greg Cox's two-book series The Eugenics Wars: The Rise and Fall of Khan Noonien Singh develops the idea of the Eugenics Wars in the context of real-life history by representing it as a secret history, and that the truth behind the various civil wars and conflicts in the 1990s was not generally known; ironically, Los Angeles, whose appearance in "Future's End" helped bring the war's existence into question, is portrayed as an EW "battlefront", the Rodney King riots being one such calamity.

text: Cochrane[edit]

text: In the episode "Metamorphosis", it is stated that Zefram Cochrane of Alpha Centauri, the discoverer of the space warp, disappeared 150 years ago, at the age of 87. Given Okuda's date of 2267 for that episode, this puts Cochrane's disappearance in 2117 and birth in 2030. 1980s spin-off material such as the Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology posit that Cochrane was from Alpha Centauri originally, and that a sub-warp ship the UNSS Icarus arrived at Alpha Centauri in 2048 to find he had discovered the theory behind warp drive. The Icarus then relayed its findings back to Earth, the first prototype warp ship was launched in 2055.

text: The Star Trek Chronology does not hold with this theory, and asserts that Cochrane was an Earth native, who moved to Alpha Centauri later in life (even in "Metamorphosis", before Cochrane identifying himself to the landing party, Dr. McCoy had taken a tricorder scan and determined him to be human). The first edition Chronology notes that Cochrane's invention of warp drive must have been at least 200 years before "Where No Man Has Gone Before", and suggests a date of 2061, noting that Cochrane would be 31 that year.

text: The film Star Trek: First Contact prominently features Cochrane's first successful warp flight. The film is set in 2063, two years after the Chronology suggestions, and therefore by the timeline Cochrane is 33. The actor who played Cochrane in that movie, James Cromwell, was 56 at the time of the film's release. The Encyclopedia notes the age issue, and claims that the Cromwell Cochrane had suffered from radiation poisoning, causing his aged appearance. Enterprise pins down Cochrane's disappearance to 2119, making Cochrane instead 31 at the time of First Contact.


document_title: Jennifer Jareau

question_text: when does jj come back from the pentagon

root

text: Jennifer Jareau

text: Character background[edit]

text: During various episodes, Jareau has described growing up in a small town near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When she was eleven, her seventeen-year-old sister Rosaline committed suicide[1] by cutting.[2] Rosaline's death was a particularly painful topic for her and she initially chose not to tell her young son about Rosaline, until her mother Sandy reminded her that avoidance was not the solution to dealing with the pain. A high school athlete, Jareau graduated valedictorian[3] from East Allegheny High School, where she was the captain of the varsity soccer team her senior year and earned an athletic scholarship to the University of Pittsburgh. She also attended Georgetown, presumably for graduate studies.

tag: p

text: JJ decided to join the FBI after attending a book reading by BAU founder and then-Unit Chief Agent David Rossi. She once told Rossi that she had not known what to do with her life until she listened to his reading, which was held in the campus bookstore during her senior year in college. The next fall, she applied to the FBI Academy.

text: Storylines[edit]

text: In the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU), JJ acted as the team's liaison with the media and local police agencies.[4] Though talented and helpful, she was not actually a profiler, having once declined Unit Chief Aaron Hotchner's suggestion to take the necessary classes in behavioral analysis.[5] She works mostly out of the confines of the police stations and field offices the team visits. However, she does accompany the team on raids, and is proficient with firearms. This is made particularly clear when JJ resolves a hostage situation inside the BAU by killing the hostage-taker, Jason Clark Battle, with a single shot (Battle is a serial perpetrator of hero homicide, who lured Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia onto a date, and then shot her, in an attempt to keep his crimes from being discovered). During season six, JJ is given a promotion to the Pentagon; however, she returns in season seven as a full-time profiler, having received the necessary training. In season 9 ("200"), she is then kidnapped, and it is revealed that her year as the DOD Liaison at the Pentagon was a cover story. It turns out she was on a task force in Afghanistan, in search for Bin Laden. The team saves her, and in season 10, it is revealed she has PTSD, and hasn't been dealing with her ordeal being tortured when she was kidnapped, as well as 2 main events that happened when she was in Afghanistan, one of which includes her having a miscarriage, after a convoy was attacked. She tries to work through it with the help of Reid, who calls her on it when she disappears into the morgue one day, for almost a half-hour, after seeing herself on the table, in place of the victim.

text: Promotion to Pentagon and brief return[edit]

text: It is revealed in "JJ", that JJ had twice rejected a promotion to The Pentagon and hid the offers from her superiors. However, she is finally forced to transfer by "the brass."[6] JJ's departure reflects that Cook was let go at the beginning of season six, for financial reasons relating to the premiere of the spin-off Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior.[7] JJ's time at the Pentagon was revealed in depth in season nine.

text: Cook later returned for the departure of Paget Brewster (Agent Emily Prentiss).[8] In the episode titled "Lauren", JJ receives a call and returns to help the BAU find Emily and capture Ian Doyle. The episode ends with Emily presumed dead after being stabbed with a broken chair leg in the stomach. It is later revealed that Emily is alive and in Paris with JJ's help, providing her passports from three different countries and a bank account in each "to keep her comfortable". In the season six finale, JJ returns in order to tell David Rossi that she is "coming back".

text: In "200", it was revealed that JJ's transfer was a backstop and that she was actually put on a task force in the Middle East with Mateo Cruz (who later became the section chief of the BAU following Strauss's death). During this time, she witnessed a mission she had pushed for fail and discovered one of the task force's informants dead. In February 2011, while overseas, she discovered that she was pregnant. However, in April 2011, following the events of "Lauren", during an attack on the task force, she was wounded and miscarried the baby. She didn't initially tell Will of the pregnancy, and it remained a secret between her and Cruz. In "The Forever People", when she starts showing signs of PTSD, Reid calls her on it, and he tries to help her and talk to her. She eventually admits she had a miscarriage due to the attack on her convoy, and asks him to keep it between them.

text: Return to the BAU[edit]

text: The season seven premiere reveals that JJ has returned to the Behavioral Analysis Unit, having received the training to become a full-time profiler, instead of the Media Liaison, a position which has been split between Hotch and Garcia.

text: She is initially against summoning Prentiss "back from the dead," but Hotch insists on telling the team the truth. Also, she learns Reid is emotionally hurt by her deception, as she knew he cried for ten weeks after losing Prentiss and she never said a word, and Reid revealed he considered taking Dilaudid again.

text: In season nine, the events during her departure in 2010–11 returned when Mateo Cruz was promoted to Section Chief. In "The Road Home", while waiting to meet Cruz, she is suddenly kidnapped. In "200", it is revealed that she was kidnapped by a man named Tivon Askari, who was a traitor in the task force, in order to access files from her mission in the Middle East. She was held hostage alongside Cruz and was tortured into giving up the code. She discovered that Askari was not working alone when he mentioned her miscarriage, revealing the true enemy to be Michael Hastings, a man she worked with on the task force. He threatened to rape JJ in order to get Cruz to give up his access code. She is rescued by Hotch and Prentiss, and she proceeds to chase after Hastings. Prentiss accompanies her and they both take on Hastings, resulting in Hastings falling off a roof to his death. JJ is left traumatized by the situation and promises to stop the lies and give only the truth.

text: A year after her kidnapping and torture, she starts experiencing PTSD, something that Reid notices. When she is confronted by him, she asks him to provide a term to describe her situation, saying that it's more than PTSD. She breaks down and reveals the source of her PTSD to be Tivon Askari and reveals her miscarriage to Reid. She later takes an extremely large risk against an UnSub in a room with a gas leak, which could have resulted the deaths of herself, the UnSub, and a hostage. Reid approaches her in the BAU to tell her that while he couldn't find a term to describe JJ's condition, he called Emily and managed to obtain Askari's file, revealing his background of his life on the streets of Tikrit, Iraq, and his criminal background. JJ unknowingly hallucinates Askari in the room with her. He taunts her and tells her that he wants to watch her kill herself. He also tells her that he will take her sleep, her smile, and her safety away, as well as change her so that her husband and son won't even recognise her. He explains that the memories will eventually take away everything she holds dear, but JJ snarls a harsh "No" to Askari before realizing it was all a hallucination.

text: Relationships and family[edit]

text: Prior to her courtship and marriage to Will, JJ displayed little interest in dating. She once went on a date with Spencer Reid to a Washington Redskins game, but little came of it romantically, although the two became very good friends. In the season 2 episode "Jones", JJ first meets William "Will" LaMontagne, Jr. a NOPD detective whom the team worked with while in New Orleans after a serial killer presumed dead following Hurricane Katrina resurfaces. It is revealed the following season that he and JJ had been seeing each other for the past year but kept it a secret as she wanted to keep her personal life away from the prying eyes of her colleagues, which Will initially misunderstood as her being ashamed of their relationship.[9] When she finally reveals their relationship by kissing him goodbye in her office with the blinds open, it is apparent that her colleagues already knew about them.

text: In "The Crossing",[10] JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child. He later asked her to marry him, and indicated that he was willing to give up his detective's shield in order to help take care of the baby and allow JJ to continue to do her job, though he was worried about her safety and the safety of their child.[11] JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave,[12] and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry. Will transfers to the MPDC, and the family live together in Washington.[13] In later seasons, toddler Henry is portrayed by actress A. J. Cook's real-life son Mekhai Andersen. JJ and Will named Reid and Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia as Henry's godparents. When JJ returned from maternity leave, she and Will had exchanged rings with Henry's birthstone, but did not seem to be officially engaged, as she wore her ring on her right hand, not the left. In the season seven finale, JJ tearfully asked Will to propose to her again, and they married the following evening in a small ceremony in David Rossi's backyard.

text: Characterization[edit]

text: JJ is very loyal to her family and friends, as well as very protective. She is also known to be a crack shot. This was demonstrated in many episodes such as "Nanny Dearest" by shooting a fleeing suspect in the head at a faraway distance. In "Revelations", she killed numerous flesh eating dogs in a dark barn. In "Penelope", she kills Garcia's attacker by shooting him directly between the eyes precisely as he turns around to find JJ behind him. Despite her petite frame, she is very athletic and has shown herself to be able to hold her own even if disarmed. In the season 7 finale, she manages to physically fight off a stronger and taller suspect who had tried to kill Will and took their son Henry hostage. She is best friends with Spencer (and is the only one who calls him "Spence"), Penelope, and Emily.

text: Fears and obsessions[edit]

text: In "The Boogeyman", JJ reveals that she is afraid of the woods. When agents Derek Morgan and Dr. Spencer Reid ask her why, she tells them a chilling story about working as a summer camp counselor and discovering her boss's murdered body in his cabin. After telling the story, she admits she was joking, and says she doesn't know why she is afraid of the woods. In the same episode, JJ also states that she has a niece who, at the time, is about 8 years old.

text: When she and Reid unexpectedly came across serial killer Tobias Hankel in the episode "The Big Game", and split up to apprehend the suspect, JJ walked into a dark barn and was attacked by several attack dogs. Although JJ shot and killed the dogs, saving her own life, Reid was abducted by Hankel in the meantime, and would later be tortured and almost killed by Hankel before the BAU team was able to rescue him. After this traumatic experience, it appears that JJ developed a fear of dogs.

text: In the episode "Penelope", it's announced that JJ has never shot someone until she shot the man who had attempted to kill, and who continued to threaten the life of, Penelope Garcia.

text: She also seems to have a slight obsession with Cheetos. She can be seen eating them often, and it was implied that her online Scrabble handle was "Cheeto-breath" when she was playing Emily (who was hiding in Paris at the time).

text: In "Mr. Scratch", JJ tells Hotch that her worst fear as a child was being separated from her parents.


document_title: Delayed onset muscle soreness

question_text: which type of muscle contraction contributes most to the development of doms

text: Delayed onset muscle soreness

text: Signs and symptoms[edit]

text: The soreness is perceived as a dull, aching pain in the affected muscle, often combined with tenderness and stiffness. The pain is typically felt only when the muscle is stretched, contracted or put under pressure, not when it is at rest.[2]:63 This tenderness, a characteristic symptom of DOMS, is also referred to as "muscular mechanical hyperalgesia".[3]

text: Although there is variance among exercises and individuals, the soreness usually increases in intensity in the first 24 hours after exercise. It peaks from 24 to 72 hours, then subsides and disappears up to seven days after exercise.[2]:63

text: Cause[edit]

text: The soreness is caused by eccentric exercise, that is, exercise consisting of eccentric (lengthening) contractions of the muscle. Isometric (static) exercise causes much less soreness, and concentric (shortening) exercise causes none.[2]:63

text: Mechanism[edit]

text: The mechanism of delayed onset muscle soreness is not completely understood, but the pain is ultimately thought to be a result of microtrauma – mechanical damage at a very small scale – to the muscles being exercised.

text: DOMS was first described in 1902 by Theodore Hough,[4] who concluded that this kind of soreness is "fundamentally the result of ruptures within the muscle".[2]:63 According to this "muscle damage" theory of DOMS, these ruptures are microscopic lesions at the Z-line of the muscle sarcomere.[5] The soreness has been attributed to the increased tension force and muscle lengthening from eccentric exercise.[6] This may cause the actin and myosin cross-bridges to separate prior to relaxation, ultimately causing greater tension on the remaining active motor units.[6] This increases the risk of broadening, smearing, and damage to the sarcomere. When microtrauma occurs to these structures, nociceptors (pain receptors) within muscle connective tissues are stimulated and cause the sensation of pain.[7]

text: Another explanation for the pain associated with DOMS is the "enzyme efflux" theory. Following microtrauma, calcium that is normally stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum accumulates in the damaged muscles. Cellular respiration is inhibited and ATP needed to actively transport calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum is also slowed. This accumulation of calcium may activate proteases and phospholipases which in turn break down and degenerate muscle protein.[8] This causes inflammation, and in turn pain due to the accumulation of histamines, prostaglandins, and potassium.[7][9]

text: An earlier theory posited that DOMS is connected to the build-up of lactic acid in the blood, which was thought to continue being produced following exercise. This build-up of lactic acid was thought to be a toxic metabolic waste product that caused the perception of pain at a delayed stage. This theory has been largely rejected, as concentric contractions which also produce lactic acid have been unable to cause DOMS.[5] Additionally, lactic acid is known from multiple studies to return to normal levels within one hour of exercise, and therefore cannot cause the pain that occurs much later.[7]

text: Relation to other effects[edit]

text: Although delayed onset muscle soreness is a symptom associated with muscle damage, its magnitude does not necessarily reflect the magnitude of muscle damage.[2]:66–67

text: Soreness is one of the temporary changes caused in muscles by unaccustomed eccentric exercise. Other such changes include decreased muscle strength, reduced range of motion, and muscle swelling.[2]:66 It has been shown, however, that these changes develop independently in time from one another and that the soreness is therefore not the cause of the reduction in muscle function.[2]:66

text: Possible function as a warning sign[edit]

text: Soreness might conceivably serve as a warning to reduce muscle activity so as to prevent further injury. However, further activity temporarily alleviates the soreness, even though it causes more pain initially. Continued use of the sore muscle also has no adverse effect on recovery from soreness and does not exacerbate muscle damage.[2]:68 It is therefore unlikely that soreness is in fact a warning sign not to use the affected muscle.[2]:68

text: Repeated-bout effect[edit]

text: After performing an unaccustomed eccentric exercise and exhibiting severe soreness, the muscle rapidly adapts to reduce further damage from the same exercise. This is called the "repeated-bout effect".[10]

text: As a result of this effect, not only is the soreness reduced, but other indicators of muscle damage, such as swelling, reduced strength and reduced range of motion, are also more quickly recovered from. The effect is mostly, but not wholly, specific to the exercised muscle: experiments have shown that some of the protective effect is also conferred on other muscles.[2]:69

text: The magnitude of the effect is subject to many variations, depending for instance on the time between bouts, the number and length of eccentric contractions and the exercise mode. It also varies between people and between indicators of muscle damage.[2]:69 Generally, though, the protective effect lasts for at least several weeks. It seems to gradually decrease as time between bouts increases, and is undetectable after about one year.[2]:70

text: The first bout does not need to be as intense as the subsequent bouts in order to confer at least some protection against soreness. For instance, eccentric exercise performed at 40% of maximal strength has been shown to confer a protection of 20 to 60% from muscle damage incurred by a 100% strength exercise two to three weeks later.[2]:73 Also, the repeated-bout effect appears even after a relatively small number of contractions, possibly as few as two. In one study, a first bout of 10, 20 or 50 contractions provided equal protection for a second bout of 50 contractions three weeks later.[2]:70

text: The reason for the protective effect is not yet understood. A number of possible mechanisms, which may complement one another, have been proposed. These include neural adaptations (improved use and control of the muscle by the nervous system), mechanical adaptations (increased muscle stiffness or muscle support tissue), and cellular adaptations (adaptation to inflammatory response and increased protein synthesis, among others).[2]:74

text: Prevention[edit]

text: Delayed onset muscle soreness can be reduced or prevented by gradually increasing the intensity of a new exercise program,[11]:112 thereby taking advantage of the repeated-bout effect.

text: Soreness can theoretically be avoided by limiting exercise to concentric and isometric contractions.[11]:112 But eccentric contractions in some muscles are normally unavoidable during exercise, especially when muscles are fatigued.[2]:63 Limiting the length of eccentric muscle extensions during exercise may afford some protection against soreness, but this may also not be practical depending on the mode of exercise. A study comparing arm muscle training at different starting lengths found that training at the short length reduced muscle damage indicators by about 50% compared to the long length, but this effect was not found in leg muscles.[2]:71

text: Static stretching or warming up the muscles before or after exercise does not prevent soreness.[12][13] Overstretching can by itself cause soreness.

text: The use of correctly fitted, medical-grade, graduated compression garments such as socks and calf sleeves during the workout can reduce muscle oscillation and thus some of the micro-tears that contribute to DOMS.[14] Proper nutrition to manage electrolytes and glycogen before and after exertion has also been proposed as a way to ease soreness.[15][16] Consuming more vitamin C may not prevent soreness,[17] but oral curcumin (2.5 gram, twice daily) likely reduces it.[18]

text: Treatment[edit]

text: The soreness usually disappears within about 72 hours after appearing. If treatment is desired, any measure that increases blood flow to the muscle, such as low-intensity activity, massage, hot baths, or a sauna visit may help somewhat.[11]:112

text: Immersion in cool or icy water, an occasionally recommended remedy, was found to be ineffective in alleviating DOMS in one 2011 study,[19] but effective in another.[20] There is also insufficient evidence to determine whether whole-body cryotherapy – compared with passive rest or no whole-body cryotherapy – reduces DOMS, or improves subjective recovery, after exercise.[1]

text: Counterintuitively, continued exercise may temporarily suppress the soreness. Exercise increases pain thresholds and pain tolerance. This effect, called exercise-induced analgesia, is known to occur in endurance training (running, cycling, swimming), but little is known about whether it also occurs in resistance training. There are claims in the literature that exercising sore muscles appears to be the best way to reduce or eliminate the soreness, but this has not yet been systematically investigated.[2]:62–63