document_title: List of tallest buildings in the United States

question_text: how many floors is the tallest building in america

text: Tallest buildings[edit]

text: This list ranks completed and topped out buildings in the United States that stand at least 700 feet (213 m) tall, based on standard height measurement which includes spires and architectural details, but excludes antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

text:
Rank

Name

Image

Location

Heightft (m)

Floors

Year

Notes

1
One World Trade Center

New York City40°42′46.45″N 74°0′47.53″W / 40.7129028°N 74.0132028°W / 40.7129028; -74.0132028
01.01,776 (541)
104
2014
Completed on November 3, 2014 to become the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. Briefly referred to as the Freedom Tower during its planning stages. The 6th-tallest building in the world.[5][6][7][8]

2
Willis Tower[A]

Chicago41°52′43.82″N 87°38′9.73″W / 41.8788389°N 87.6360361°W / 41.8788389; -87.6360361
01.21,451 (443)
110
1974
Formerly known, and still commonly referred to, as the Sears Tower. It was the tallest building in the world from 1974 until 1998. It is the second tallest building in the Western Hemisphere and the 16th-tallest building in the world.[9][10]  Not counting its antennas, it is the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere by roof height.

3
432 Park Avenue

New York City40°45′40.32″N 73°58′17.4″W / 40.7612000°N 73.971500°W / 40.7612000; -73.971500
01.31,396 (426)
88
2015
Topped out in October 2014.[11] 432 Park Avenue is the 20th-tallest building in the world and the world's tallest residential building.[12][13]

4
Trump International Hotel and Tower

Chicago41°53′19.84″N 87°37′35.18″W / 41.8888444°N 87.6264389°W / 41.8888444; -87.6264389
02.01,389 (423)
98
2009
21st-tallest building in the world

5
30 Hudson Yards

New York City40°45′14.3″N 74°00′2.7″W / 40.753972°N 74.000750°W / 40.753972; -74.000750
02.11,268 (386.6)[14]
73
2018
36th-tallest building in the world

6
Empire State Building[A]

New York City40°44′54.47″N 73°59′8.5″W / 40.7484639°N 73.985694°W / 40.7484639; -73.985694
03.01,250 (381)
102
1931
39th-tallest building in the world; tallest building in the world from 1931 until 1972; tallest man-made structure in the world 1931-1967; first building in the world to contain over 100 floors; tallest building built in the U.S. and the world in the 1930s.[15][16]

7
Bank of America Tower

New York City40°45′19.36″N 73°59′3.92″W / 40.7553778°N 73.9844222°W / 40.7553778; -73.9844222
03.11,200 (366)
55
2009
5th-tallest building in New York City.[17][18]

8
Aon Center

Chicago41°53′6.79″N 87°37′17.41″W / 41.8852194°N 87.6215028°W / 41.8852194; -87.6215028
04.01,136 (346)
83
1973
Formerly known as the Standard Oil Building.[19][20]

9
875 North Michigan Avenue

Chicago41°53′55.61″N 87°37′22.93″W / 41.8987806°N 87.6230361°W / 41.8987806; -87.6230361
04.11,127 (344)
100
1969
For almost 50 years, known as the John Hancock Center: it is the first trussed-tube building in the world; contains some of the highest residential units in the world; tallest building built in the world in the 1960s, and the highest pinnacle height in the world at the time. [21][22]

10
Comcast Technology Center*

Philadelphia
1,121  (342)
60
2018
Tallest Building in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. Tallest building outside New York City and Chicago. Topped out on November 27, 2017.[23][24][25]

11
Wilshire Grand Center

Los Angeles34°3′0″N 118°15′33.48″W / 34.05000°N 118.2593000°W / 34.05000; -118.2593000
04.2 1,099 (335)
73
2017
Tallest building in Los Angeles and California and tallest building west of the Mississippi River. Topped out on September 3, 2016.[26]

12
3 World Trade Center

New York City40°42′39.32″N 74°0′41.79″W / 40.7109222°N 74.0116083°W / 40.7109222; -74.0116083
05.01,079 (329)
80
2018
Topped out on June 23, 2016.[27][28]

13
Salesforce Tower

San Francisco 37°47′23.8″N 122°23′48.9″W / 37.789944°N 122.396917°W / 37.789944; -122.396917
07.01,070 (326)
60
2018
Topped out on April 6, 2017. Tallest building in San Francisco and tallest building in rooftop height west of Chicago. Second tallest building west of the Mississippi. [29]

14=
Chrysler Building[A]

New York City40°45′5.44″N 73°58′31.84″W / 40.7515111°N 73.9755111°W / 40.7515111; -73.9755111
06.01,046 (319)
77
1930
Tallest man-made structure in the world from 1930 until 1931; First building to be more than 1,000 feet tall; tallest brick building in the world.[30][31]

14=
The New York Times Building

New York City40°45′21.77″N 73°59′24.21″W / 40.7560472°N 73.9900583°W / 40.7560472; -73.9900583
07.01,046 (319)
52
2007
Also known as the Times Tower. The first high-rise building in the United States to have a ceramic sunscreen curtain wall.[32][33][34]

16
Bank of America Plaza

Atlanta33°46′14.9″N 84°23′10.75″W / 33.770806°N 84.3863194°W / 33.770806; -84.3863194
08.01,023 (311)
55
1992
Tallest building in Atlanta and the Southern United States; tallest building located in a state capital.[35][36]

16
U.S. Bank Tower

Los Angeles34°3′3.85″N 118°15′16.03″W / 34.0510694°N 118.2544528°W / 34.0510694; -118.2544528
09.01,018 (310)
73
1989
Second tallest building in Los Angeles as well as third tallest building in California. Tallest building west of the Mississippi River from 1989 to 2017. It was previously the tallest building in the world with a helipad on the roof.[37][38] It is now third on that list behind China World Trade Center Tower III, and Guangzhou International Finance Center.

17
Franklin Center

Chicago41°52′49.19″N 87°38′5.23″W / 41.8803306°N 87.6347861°W / 41.8803306; -87.6347861
10.01,007 (307)
60
1989
Originally known as the AT&T Corporate Center at its inauguration in 1989, the name was changed after Tishman Speyer acquired the building and the adjacent USG complex in 2004.[39][40]

18
One57

New York City40°45′54.73″N 73°58′45″W / 40.7652028°N 73.97917°W / 40.7652028; -73.97917
10.01,005 (306)
75
2014
Tallest mixed-use (residential and hotel) skyscraper in New York City[41][42]

19
JPMorgan Chase Tower

Houston29°45′34.50″N 95°21′48.44″W / 29.7595833°N 95.3634556°W / 29.7595833; -95.3634556
11.01,002 (305)
75
1982
Tallest building in Houston and Texas; tallest 5-sided building in the world[43][44] Tallest building west of the Mississippi River until 1989.

20
Two Prudential Plaza

Chicago41°53′7.43″N 87°37′21.77″W / 41.8853972°N 87.6227139°W / 41.8853972; -87.6227139
12.0995 (303)
64
1990
[45][46]

21
Wells Fargo Plaza

Houston29°45′30.17″N 95°22′5.81″W / 29.7583806°N 95.3682806°W / 29.7583806; -95.3682806
13.0992 (302)
71
1983
[47][48]

22
Four World Trade Center

New York City40°42′37.36″N 74°0′42.88″W / 40.7103778°N 74.0119111°W / 40.7103778; -74.0119111
03.0977 (298)
72
2013
Also known as 150 Greenwich Street[49]

23
Comcast Center

Philadelphia39°57′17.21″N 75°10′6.73″W / 39.9547806°N 75.1685361°W / 39.9547806; -75.1685361
14.0975 (297)
58
2007
Second tallest building in Philadelphia; second tallest building in Pennsylvania[50][51]

24
311 South Wacker Drive

Chicago41°52′38.78″N 87°38′8.08″W / 41.8774389°N 87.6355778°W / 41.8774389; -87.6355778
15.0961 (293)
65
1990
Tallest reinforced concrete building in the United States.[52][53]

25
70 Pine Street

New York City40°42′22.9″N 74°0′26.67″W / 40.706361°N 74.0074083°W / 40.706361; -74.0074083
16.0952 (290)
66
1932
Currently being converted into a residential skyscraper with 644 rental residences and 132 hotel rooms[54][55][56]

26
220 Central Park South*

New York City
950 (290)
66
2017
[57]

27
Key Tower

Cleveland41°30′3.21″N 81°41′37.14″W / 41.5008917°N 81.6936500°W / 41.5008917; -81.6936500
17.0947 (289)
57
1991
Tallest building in Cleveland and Ohio; tallest building in the Midwestern United States outside of Chicago; tallest building in the United States between New York City and Chicago until the 2007 completion of Comcast Center[58][59]

28
One Liberty Place

Philadelphia39°57′9.25″N 75°10′5.21″W / 39.9525694°N 75.1681139°W / 39.9525694; -75.1681139
18.0945 (288)
61
1987
First building in Philadelphia constructed taller than Philadelphia City Hall, completed 86 years earlier.[60][61]

29
Columbia Center

Seattle47°36′16.93″N 122°19′50.21″W / 47.6047028°N 122.3306139°W / 47.6047028; -122.3306139
933 (284)

76
1985
Tallest building in Seattle and Washington; fourth-tallest building on the West Coast. Tallest building west of the Mississippi River in terms of number of floors. Tallest observation deck on the West Coast and west of the Mississippi.[62][63]

30
The Trump Building[A]

New York City40°42′25.05″N 74°0′34.73″W / 40.7069583°N 74.0096472°W / 40.7069583; -74.0096472
20.0927 (283)
70
1930
Tallest building in the world for two months in 1930 until the completion of the Chrysler Building, also known as 40 Wall Street.[64][65]

31
30 Park Place

New York City40°42′47.40″N 74°00′33.52″W / 40.7131667°N 74.0093111°W / 40.7131667; -74.0093111
926 (282)

82
2016
Topped out on March 31, 2015.[66][67]

32
Bank of America Plaza

Dallas32°46′48″N 96°48′14.47″W / 32.78000°N 96.8040194°W / 32.78000; -96.8040194
22.0921 (281)
72
1985
Tallest building in Dallas[68][69]

33
Citigroup Center

New York City40°45′29.98″N 73°58′11.99″W / 40.7583278°N 73.9699972°W / 40.7583278; -73.9699972
22.0915 (279)
59
1977
[70][71]

34
Williams Tower

Houston29°44′13.69″N 95°27′40.6″W / 29.7371361°N 95.461278°W / 29.7371361; -95.461278
23.0901 (275)
64
1983
Tallest building in the world located outside of a city's central business district[72][73]

35
Renaissance Tower

Dallas32°46′52.12″N 96°48′6.68″W / 32.7811444°N 96.8018556°W / 32.7811444; -96.8018556
24.0886 (270)
56
1974
Originally constructed at a height of 710 feet (216 m); rooftop spires were added in 1987, increasing the building's structural height to 886 feet (270 m).[74][75]

36
10 Hudson Yards

New York City40°45′9″N 74°0′3.78″W / 40.75250°N 74.0010500°W / 40.75250; -74.0010500
878 (268)

52
2016
Topped out in October 2015.[76][77]

37
Bank of America Corporate Center

Charlotte35°13′37.89″N 80°50′32.24″W / 35.2271917°N 80.8422889°W / 35.2271917; -80.8422889
26.0871 (265)
60
1992
Tallest building in Charlotte[78][79] and the Carolinas; Tallest building in the Southern United States outside of Atlanta or Texas.

38
8 Spruce Street

New York City40°42′39″N 74°00′20″W / 40.71083°N 74.00556°W / 40.71083; -74.00556
870 (265)
76
2011
Also known as Beekman Tower and New York by Gehry.[80][81]

39
900 North Michigan

Chicago41°53′58.65″N 87°37′29.46″W / 41.8996250°N 87.6248500°W / 41.8996250; -87.6248500
25.0869 (265)
66
1989
[82][83]

40=
Panorama Tower

Miami25°45′48″N 80°11′29″W / 25.76335°N 80.19134°W / 25.76335; -80.19134
32.0 868 (265)
82
2017
Tallest building in Miami and the state of Florida.[84]

40=
Chase Tower

Chicago41°52′53.59″N 87°37′48.58″W / 41.8815528°N 87.6301611°W / 41.8815528; -87.6301611
32.0 868 (265)

60
1969
[85][86]

41
SunTrust Plaza

Atlanta33°45′45.53″N 84°23′11.48″W / 33.7626472°N 84.3865222°W / 33.7626472; -84.3865222
27.0867 (264)
60
1992
[87][88]

42
Trump World Tower

New York City40°45′8.98″N 73°58′4.48″W / 40.7524944°N 73.9679111°W / 40.7524944; -73.9679111
28.0861 (262)
72
2001
Tallest all residential building in the world from 2000 until 2002[89][90]

43=
Water Tower Place

Chicago41°53′52.62″N 87°37′22.86″W / 41.8979500°N 87.6230167°W / 41.8979500; -87.6230167
29.0 859 (262)

74
1976
[91][92]

43=
Aqua

Chicago41°53′11.01″N 87°37′12.12″W / 41.8863917°N 87.6200333°W / 41.8863917; -87.6200333
38.1 859 (262)

82
2009
[93] World's tallest building designed by a woman. [94]

45
Aon Center

Los Angeles34°2′57.22″N 118°15′25.07″W / 34.0492278°N 118.2569639°W / 34.0492278; -118.2569639
30.0858 (261)
62
1974
Tallest building in the United States west of the Mississippi River from 1974 until 1982[95][96]

46
Transamerica Pyramid

San Francisco37°47′42.4″N 122°24′10.01″W / 37.795111°N 122.4027806°W / 37.795111; -122.4027806
31.0853 (260)
48
1972
2nd-tallest building in San Francisco;[97] tallest building in the U.S. west of the Mississippi River from 1972 until 1974[98][99]

47
Comcast Building

New York City40°45′32.11″N 73°58′45.65″W / 40.7589194°N 73.9793472°W / 40.7589194; -73.9793472
33.0850 (259)
69
1933
[100][101]

48
Two Liberty Place

Philadelphia39°57′6.07″N 75°10′2.76″W / 39.9516861°N 75.1674333°W / 39.9516861; -75.1674333
34.0848 (258)
58
1990
[102][103]

49
One Manhattan Square*

New York City
847 (258)
72
2019
[104]

50=
Park Tower

Chicago41°53′49.19″N 87°37′30.56″W / 41.8969972°N 87.6251556°W / 41.8969972; -87.6251556
35.0844 (257)
67
2000
[105][106]

50=
Devon Energy Tower

Oklahoma City35°28′0.02″N 97°31′3.47″W / 35.4666722°N 97.5176306°W / 35.4666722; -97.5176306
04.0844 (257)
52
2012
Tallest building in Oklahoma City; tallest building in Oklahoma; tallest building in the "Plains States"[107]

52
U.S. Steel Tower

Pittsburgh40°26′28.6″N 79°59′40.79″W / 40.441278°N 79.9946639°W / 40.441278; -79.9946639
36.0841 (256)
64
1970
Tallest building in Pittsburgh; largest roof in the world at its height or taller[108][109][110]

53
56 Leonard Street

New York City40°43′4.09″N 74°0′23.82″W / 40.7178028°N 74.0066167°W / 40.7178028; -74.0066167
08.0821 (250)
57
2016
Topped out in July 2015.[111][112]

54
One Atlantic Center

Atlanta33°47′13.13″N 84°23′14.63″W / 33.7869806°N 84.3873972°W / 33.7869806; -84.3873972
38.0820 (250)
50
1987
Also known as the IBM Tower.[113][114]

55
The Legacy at Millennium Park

Chicago41°52′52.9″N 87°37′32.51″W / 41.881361°N 87.6256972°W / 41.881361; -87.6256972
38.2818 (249)
72
2009

56
CitySpire Center

New York City40°45′50.97″N 73°58′47.11″W / 40.7641583°N 73.9797528°W / 40.7641583; -73.9797528
39.0814 (248)
75
1987

57
28 Liberty

New York City40°42′28.36″N 74°0′31.81″W / 40.7078778°N 74.0088361°W / 40.7078778; -74.0088361
40.0813 (248)
60
1960

58
Salesforce Tower

Indianapolis39°46′10.59″N 86°9′25.65″W / 39.7696083°N 86.1571250°W / 39.7696083; -86.1571250
811 (247)
49
1990
Tallest building in Indianapolis; tallest building in the Midwest outside of Chicago and Cleveland[115]

59
Condé Nast Building

New York City40°45′21.37″N 73°59′8.9″W / 40.7559361°N 73.985806°W / 40.7559361; -73.985806
41.0809 (247)
48
1999
Also known as 4 Times Square[116][117]

60
MetLife Building

New York City40°45′12.45″N 73°58′35.49″W / 40.7534583°N 73.9765250°W / 40.7534583; -73.9765250
42.0808 (246)
59
1963
Formerly known as the PanAm Building[118]

61
Bloomberg Tower

New York City40°45′42.06″N 73°58′5.1″W / 40.7616833°N 73.968083°W / 40.7616833; -73.968083
43.0806 (246)
54
2005

62
181 Fremont Street

San Francisco37°47′22.92″N 122°23′43.26″W / 37.7897000°N 122.3953500°W / 37.7897000; -122.3953500
44.0802 (245)
54
2017
2nd-tallest mixed-use residential building west of the Mississippi River.[119][120]

63=
IDS Tower

Minneapolis44°58′33.6″N 93°16′21.34″W / 44.976000°N 93.2725944°W / 44.976000; -93.2725944
45.0792 (241)
57
1973
Tallest building in Minneapolis[121]

63=
BNY Mellon Center

Philadelphia39°57′13.09″N 75°10′10.23″W / 39.9536361°N 75.1695083°W / 39.9536361; -75.1695083
45.1792 (241)
54
1990

63=
Woolworth Building[A]

New York City40°42′44.29″N 74°0′28.96″W / 40.7123028°N 74.0080444°W / 40.7123028; -74.0080444
46.0792 (241)
57
1913
Tallest building in the world from 1913 until 1930; tallest building built in the U.S. and the world in the 1910s[122][123]

63=
111 Murray Street*

New York City
792 (241)
58
2018
[124]

67
200 Clarendon Street

Boston42°20′57.36″N 71°4′30.53″W / 42.3492667°N 71.0751472°W / 42.3492667; -71.0751472
47.0790 (241)
60
1976
Tallest building in Boston and New England; also known as the John Hancock Tower[125][126]

68
Four Seasons Hotel & Tower

Miami25°45′31.03″N 80°11′30.34″W / 25.7586194°N 80.1917611°W / 25.7586194; -80.1917611
48.0789 (240)
64
2003
Second-tallest building in Miami and Florida[127][128]

69
Comerica Bank Tower

Dallas32°46′53.34″N 96°47′48.16″W / 32.7814833°N 96.7967111°W / 32.7814833; -96.7967111
49.0787 (240)
60
1987
Formerly known as Bank One Center and Chase Center.[129][130]

70
Duke Energy Center

Charlotte35°13′26.48″N 80°50′53.28″W / 35.2240222°N 80.8481333°W / 35.2240222; -80.8481333
786 (240)
48 (54 in total with mechanical floors)
2010
2nd tallest building in Charlotte and North Carolina[131]

71
300 North LaSalle

Chicago41°53′17.42″N 87°37′59.12″W / 41.8881722°N 87.6330889°W / 41.8881722; -87.6330889
49.1785 (239)
60
2009
[132][133]

72=
Goldman Sachs Tower

Jersey City40°42′47.2″N 74°2′2.52″W / 40.713111°N 74.0340333°W / 40.713111; -74.0340333
50.0781 (238)
42
2004
Tallest building in Jersey City and New Jersey[134][135]

72=
520 Park Avenue*

New York City
781 (238)
54
2018
[136]

74
Bank of America Center

Houston29°45′39.15″N 95°21′59.51″W / 29.7608750°N 95.3665306°W / 29.7608750; -95.3665306
51.0780 (238)
56
1983
[137][138]

75
555 California Street

San Francisco37°47′31.5″N 122°24′13.68″W / 37.792083°N 122.4038000°W / 37.792083; -122.4038000
52.0779 (237)
52
1969
Tallest building on the West Coast from 1969 to 1972. Renamed from Bank of America Center in 2005. Tallest building constructed in the city in the 1960s.[139][140]

76=
One Worldwide Plaza

New York City40°45′43.78″N 73°59′12.19″W / 40.7621611°N 73.9867194°W / 40.7621611; -73.9867194
53.0778 (237)
50
1989
[141]

76=
50 West Street

New York City40°42′28.09″N 74°0′54.44″W / 40.7078028°N 74.0151222°W / 40.7078028; -74.0151222
49.2 778 (237)

63
2016
Topped out in October 2015.[142][143][144]

76=
55 Hudson Yards*

New York City
778 (237)
51
2018
[145]

79
45 East 22nd Street*

New York City
777 (237)
64
2017
Topped-out

80
Capella Tower

Minneapolis44°58′34.51″N 93°16′6.82″W / 44.9762528°N 93.2685611°W / 44.9762528; -93.2685611
54.0776 (237)
56
1992
Formerly known as First Bank Place and US Bancorp Tower[146][147]

81
Wells Fargo Center

Minneapolis44°58′36.34″N 93°16′15.09″W / 44.9767611°N 93.2708583°W / 44.9767611; -93.2708583
55.0775 (236)
57
1988

82
1201 Third Avenue

Seattle47°36′25.55″N 122°20′9.85″W / 47.6070972°N 122.3360694°W / 47.6070972; -122.3360694
56.0772 (235)
55
1988
Formerly known as the Washington Mutual Tower[148][149]

83
Terminal Tower

Cleveland41°29′53.72″N 81°41′37.6″W / 41.4982556°N 81.693778°W / 41.4982556; -81.693778
91.3771 (235)
52
1930
Tallest building in North America outside of New York City until the completion of the Prudential Tower in Boston in 1964.[150] Fourth-tallest building in the world when it was officially dedicated on June 28, 1930.

84
191 Peachtree Tower

Atlanta33°45′32.45″N 84°23′12.97″W / 33.7590139°N 84.3869361°W / 33.7590139; -84.3869361
57.0770 (235)
50
1991
[151][152]

85
Three First National Plaza

Chicago41°52′56.38″N 87°37′49.62″W / 41.8823278°N 87.6304500°W / 41.8823278; -87.6304500
58.0767 (234)
57
1981
[153][154]

86
Southeast Financial Center

Miami25°46′19.67″N 80°11′16.38″W / 25.7721306°N 80.1878833°W / 25.7721306; -80.1878833
59.0764 (233)
55
1984
[155][156]

87
Heritage Plaza

Houston29°45′31.38″N 95°22′13.59″W / 29.7587167°N 95.3704417°W / 29.7587167; -95.3704417
60.0762 (232)
53
1987
[157][158]

88
19 Dutch*

New York City
758 (231)
63
2018
[159]

89
Carnegie Hall Tower

New York City40°45′53.41″N 73°58′46.89″W / 40.7648361°N 73.9796917°W / 40.7648361; -73.9796917
61.0757 (231)
60
1991
[160][161]

90=
Grant Thornton Tower

Chicago41°53′5.49″N 87°37′49.78″W / 41.8848583°N 87.6304944°W / 41.8848583; -87.6304944
62.0756 (230)
50
1992
[162][163]

90=
Enterprise Plaza

Houston29°45′27.78″N 95°22′8.65″W / 29.7577167°N 95.3690694°W / 29.7577167; -95.3690694
63.0756 (230)
55
1980
[164][165]

92=
383 Madison Avenue

New York City40°45′19.65″N 73°58′35.88″W / 40.7554583°N 73.9766333°W / 40.7554583; -73.9766333
64.0755 (230)
47
2001
Formerly known as the Bear Stearns World Headquarters[166][167]

92=
609 Main at Texas

Houston
755 (230)
50
2017
[168]

94
1717 Broadway

New York City40°45′51.84″N 73°58′57.36″W / 40.7644000°N 73.9826000°W / 40.7644000; -73.9826000
753 (229)
67
2013
[169][170]

95
AXA Equitable Center

New York City40°45′19.65″N 73°58′35.88″W / 40.7554583°N 73.9766333°W / 40.7554583; -73.9766333
752 (229)
54
1986
[171][172]

96=
One Penn Plaza

New York City40°45′5.12″N 73°59′33.68″W / 40.7514222°N 73.9926889°W / 40.7514222; -73.9926889
70.0750 (229)
57
1972
[173][174]

96=
1251 Avenue of the Americas

New York City40°45′36.15″N 73°58′53.38″W / 40.7600417°N 73.9814944°W / 40.7600417; -73.9814944
69.0750 (229)
54
1971
[175][176]

96=
Prudential Tower

Boston42°20′49.83″N 71°4′57.03″W / 42.3471750°N 71.0825083°W / 42.3471750; -71.0825083
750 (229)
52
1964
Stood as the tallest building in North America outside of New York City upon its completion[177]

96=
Two California Plaza

Los Angeles34°3′5.35″N 118°15′5.92″W / 34.0514861°N 118.2516444°W / 34.0514861; -118.2516444
70.3750 (229)
52
1992
[178][179]

100=
Time Warner Center Tower North Tower

New York City40°46′8.05″N 73°58′58.63″W / 40.7689028°N 73.9829528°W / 40.7689028; -73.9829528
70.1749 (228)
55
2004
[180][181]

100=
Time Warner Center Tower South Tower

New York City40°46′5.68″N 73°58′58.57″W / 40.7682444°N 73.9829361°W / 40.7682444; -73.9829361
70.2749 (228)
55
2004
[181][182]

100=
Gas Company Tower

Los Angeles34°3′0.49″N 118°15′11.59″W / 34.0501361°N 118.2532194°W / 34.0501361; -118.2532194
72.1749 (228)
52
1991
[183][184]

100=
200 West Street

New York City40°42′53.17″N 74°0′51.84″W / 40.7147694°N 74.0144000°W / 40.7147694; -74.0144000
72.2749 (228)
44
2010
[185]

104=
60 Wall Street

New York City40°42′22.25″N 74°0′29.94″W / 40.7061806°N 74.0083167°W / 40.7061806; -74.0083167
74.0745 (227)
56
1989
[186]

104=
One Astor Plaza

New York City40°45′28.37″N 73°59′11.72″W / 40.7578806°N 73.9865889°W / 40.7578806; -73.9865889
75.0745 (227)
54
1972
[187][188]

104=
RSA Battle House Tower

Mobile30°41′35.22″N 88°2′22.83″W / 30.6931167°N 88.0396750°W / 30.6931167; -88.0396750
75.1745 (227)
35
2007
Tallest building in Mobile and Alabama[189][190]

107=
Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower

Chicago41°53′5.36″N 87°37′11.58″W / 41.8848222°N 87.6198833°W / 41.8848222; -87.6198833
76.0743 (227)
54
2010
[191][192]

107=
7 World Trade Center

New York City40°42′48.07″N 74°0′43.92″W / 40.7133528°N 74.0122000°W / 40.7133528; -74.0122000
77.0 743 (227)

52
2006
[193]

107=
One Liberty Plaza

New York City40°42′34.84″N 74°0′39.25″W / 40.7096778°N 74.0109028°W / 40.7096778; -74.0109028
76.1743 (227)
54
1974
[194][195]

110=
20 Exchange Place

New York City40°42′19.32″N 74°0′34.57″W / 40.7053667°N 74.0096028°W / 40.7053667; -74.0096028
77.1741 (226)
57
1931
[196][197]

110=
CenterPoint Energy Plaza

Houston29°45′25.69″N 95°22′5.62″W / 29.7571361°N 95.3682278°W / 29.7571361; -95.3682278
78.0741 (226)
53
1974
[198]

112
Two Union Square

Seattle47°36′36.9″N 122°19′56.33″W / 47.610250°N 122.3323139°W / 47.610250; -122.3323139
80.0740 (226)
56
1989
[199]

113=
Three Logan Square

Philadelphia39°57′19.13″N 75°10′8.61″W / 39.9553139°N 75.1690583°W / 39.9553139; -75.1690583
81.0739 (225)
55
1991
Formerly called the Bell Atlantic Tower; also known as Verizon Tower[200][201]

113=
200 Vesey Street

New York City40°42′48.89″N 74°0′53.23″W / 40.7135806°N 74.0147861°W / 40.7135806; -74.0147861
82.0739 (225)
51
1986
[202][203]

115
JPMorgan Chase Tower

Dallas32°47′15.91″N 96°47′48.14″W / 32.7877528°N 96.7967056°W / 32.7877528; -96.7967056
83.0738 (225)
55
1987
[204][205]

116=
Bank of America Plaza

Los Angeles34°3′13.03″N 118°15′11.82″W / 34.0536194°N 118.2532833°W / 34.0536194; -118.2532833
84.0735 (224)
55
1975
[206][207]

116=
Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas*

Las Vegas36°8′15.97″N 115°9′33.92″W / 36.1377694°N 115.1594222°W / 36.1377694; -115.1594222
84.1735 (224)
63
2009
Under construction; the Fontainebleau Resort was topped out in early 2009, becoming the tallest building in Las Vegas and Nevada.[208][209] Currently for sale under owner Carl Icahn.

118
1540 Broadway

New York City40°45′29.16″N 73°59′5.04″W / 40.7581000°N 73.9847333°W / 40.7581000; -73.9847333
85.0733 (223)
45
1990
[210]

119=
1600 Smith Street

Houston29°45′18.5″N 95°22′22.19″W / 29.755139°N 95.3728306°W / 29.755139; -95.3728306
85.1732 (223)
53
1984
[211][212]

119=
River Point*

Chicago
732 (223)

50
2017
Topped-out[213]

121
Olympia Centre

Chicago41°53′47.1″N 87°37′23.78″W / 41.896417°N 87.6232722°W / 41.896417; -87.6232722
89.0 731 (223)

63
1986
[214][215]

122=
3 Manhattan West*

New York City
730 (223)
64
2017
[216]

122=
FMC Tower at Cira Centre South

Philadelphia
730 (223)
49
2016
Construction completed in 2016.

124
Detroit Marriott at the Renaissance Center

Detroit42°19′43.82″N 83°2′24.12″W / 42.3288389°N 83.0400333°W / 42.3288389; -83.0400333
86.0727 (222)
73
1977
Tallest all-hotel building in the world upon completion; now stands as the tallest hotel in the Western Hemisphere. Tallest building in Detroit and the State of Michigan.[217][218]

125=
One Museum Park

Chicago41°52′1.63″N 87°37′17.84″W / 41.8671194°N 87.6216222°W / 41.8671194; -87.6216222
87.0726 (221)
62
2009
Tallest all-residential building in Chicago, third tallest all-residential building in the United States.[219][220]

125=
Times Square Tower

New York City40°45′19.82″N 73°59′12.73″W / 40.7555056°N 73.9868694°W / 40.7555056; -73.9868694
726 (219)

47
2004
On November 5, 2004, a glass pane covering two windows on the 46th and 47th floor collapsed on the street.

127=
150 North Riverside

Chicago
725 (221)
53
2017
[221]

127=
BNY Mellon Center

Pittsburgh40°26′21.98″N 79°59′45.5″W / 40.4394389°N 79.995972°W / 40.4394389; -79.995972
90.1725 (221)
54
1983
[222][223]

127=
777 Tower

Los Angeles34°2′54.18″N 118°15′40.87″W / 34.0483833°N 118.2613528°W / 34.0483833; -118.2613528
88.0725 (221)
53
1991
[224]

127=
Fulbright Tower

Houston29°45′19.52″N 95°21′41.52″W / 29.7554222°N 95.3615333°W / 29.7554222; -95.3615333
90.0725 (221)
52
1982
[225][226]

131=
Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel

Atlanta33°45′33.97″N 84°23′18.45″W / 33.7594361°N 84.3884583°W / 33.7594361; -84.3884583
90.4723 (220)
73
1976
Tallest hotel in the world when completed. Tallest building in Atlanta from 1976 to 1987.

131=
Wells Fargo Tower

Los Angeles34°3′10.5″N 118°15′6.8″W / 34.052917°N 118.251889°W / 34.052917; -118.251889
90.3723 (220)
54
1983
Each regular floor has an area of 26,080 square feet.

133
Seattle Municipal Tower

Seattle47°36′18.33″N 122°19′46.17″W / 47.6050917°N 122.3294917°W / 47.6050917; -122.3294917
90.5722 (220)
57
1990
Built and Opened as AT&T Gateway Tower.

134
Fountain Place

Dallas32°47′4.66″N 96°48′9.35″W / 32.7846278°N 96.8025972°W / 32.7846278; -96.8025972
90.6720 (220)
62
1986
Fountain Place is the world's tallest building to be glazed with four-sided structural silicone.

135
Revel Casino

Atlantic City39°21′45.64″N 74°24′55.33″W / 39.3626778°N 74.4153694°W / 39.3626778; -74.4153694
718 (219)

57
2012
Tallest building in Atlantic City [227][228]

136
Figueroa at Wilshire

Los Angeles34°3′2.69″N 118°15′33.38″W / 34.0507472°N 118.2592722°W / 34.0507472; -118.2592722
90.7717 (219)
53
1990
United California Bank's Headquarters.

137
Metropolitan Tower

New York City40°45′52.82″N 73°58′45.65″W / 40.7646722°N 73.9793472°W / 40.7646722; -73.9793472
90.8716 (218)
68
1987
Part of a dense cluster of tall buildings which also includes Carnegie Hall Tower and Cityspire.

138
252 East 57th Street

New York City
715 (218)
65
2016
[229]

139=
Republic Plaza

Denver39°44′36.31″N 104°59′19.3″W / 39.7434194°N 104.988694°W / 39.7434194; -104.988694
91.0714 (218)
56
1984
Tallest building in Denver and the state of Colorado[230][231]

139=
One Shell Plaza

Houston29°45′32.86″N 95°22′3.3″W / 29.7591278°N 95.367583°W / 29.7591278; -95.367583
90.9714 (218)
50
1971
Tallest building in Texas from 1971 to 1980

141
100 East 53rd Street*

New York City40°45′30″N 73°58′17″W / 40.75833°N 73.97139°W / 40.75833; -73.97139
91.2711 (217)
63
2017
Also known as 610 Lexington Avenue. Topped out in January 2016.[232][233]

142
1801 California Street

Denver39°44′51.46″N 104°59′23.2″W / 39.7476278°N 104.989778°W / 39.7476278; -104.989778
91.2 709 (216)

52
1983
Was the tallest building in Denver from 1983 to 1984.

143
JPMorgan Chase Tower

New York City40°45′20.85″N 73°58′31.55″W / 40.7557917°N 73.9754306°W / 40.7557917; -73.9754306
91.4707 (216)
52
1960
Was originally built for the Union Carbide chemical company. Will be demolished beginning in 2019.[234]

144
General Motors Building

New York City40°45′48.23″N 73°58′20.39″W / 40.7633972°N 73.9723306°W / 40.7633972; -73.9723306
91.5705 (215)
50
1968
The north end of the lobby was once used for FAO Schwarz, once the world's largest toy store.

145=
Harborside 1

Jersey City40°43′11.76″N 74°2′4.23″W / 40.7199333°N 74.0345083°W / 40.7199333; -74.0345083
91.1700 (214)
69
2016
Topped out in September 2015.[235][236]

145=
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower[A]

New York City40°44′28.54″N 73°59′15.03″W / 40.7412611°N 73.9875083°W / 40.7412611; -73.9875083
91.7700 (213)
50
1909
Tallest building in the world from 1909 until 1913; Tallest building built in the U.S. and the world in the first decade of the 1900s[237][238]

text: * Indicates building is still under construction, but has been topped out.

text: Tallest buildings by pinnacle height[edit]

text: This lists ranks completed and topped out buildings in the United States that stand at least 800 feet (244 m) tall based on pinnacle height measurement, which includes antenna masts. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes.

text:
Rank

Name

City

Pinnacle heightft (m)

Architectural heightft (m)

Reference

1
One World Trade Center
New York City
01.1 1,792 (546.2)
1,776 (541.3)
[8]

2
Willis Tower (Sears Tower)
Chicago
01.2 1,729 (527)
1,451 (442)
[9]

3
John Hancock Center
Chicago
03.0 1,500 (457)
1,127 (344)
[22]

4
Empire State Building
New York City
04.0  1,454 (443)
1,250 (381)
[16]

5
432 Park Avenue
New York City
05.0 1,396 (426)
1,396 (426)
[11]

6
Trump International Hotel and Tower
Chicago
06.01,389 (423)
1,389 (423)
[239]

7
Bank of America Tower
New York City
06.01,200 (366)
1,200 (366)
[17]

8
Aon Center
Chicago
1,136 (346)
1,136 (346)
[240]

9
Comcast Technology Center*
Philadelphia
1,121 (342)
1,121 (342)
[241]

10
Condé Nast Building
New York City
08.01,118 (341)
809 (247)
[117]

11
Wilshire Grand Center
Los Angeles
08.01,100 (335)
928 (283)
[242]

12
3 World Trade Center
New York City
08.01,079  (329)
1,079  (329)
[27]

13
Salesforce Tower
San Francisco
08.01,070  (326)
1,070  (326)
[243]

14=
Chrysler Building
New York City
09.01,046 (319)
1,046 (319)
[31]

14=
The New York Times Building
New York City
010.01,046 (319)
1,046 (319)
[34]

16
Bank of America Plaza
Atlanta
011.01,040 (317)
1,023 (312)
[36]

17
U.S. Bank Tower
Los Angeles
12.01,018 (310)
1,018 (310)
[38]

18
Franklin Center
Chicago
13.01,007 (307)
886 (270)
[40]

19
One57
New York City
14.01,005 (306)
1,005 (306)
[42]

20
JPMorgan Chase Tower
Houston
15.01,002 (305)
1,002 (305)
[44]

21
One Shell Plaza
Houston
16.01,000 (305)
714 (218)
[244]

22
Two Prudential Plaza
Chicago
17.0995 (303)
995 (303)
[46]

23
Wells Fargo Bank Plaza
Houston
18.0992 (302)
992 (302)
[48]

24
Four World Trade Center
New York City
19.0977 (297)
977 (297)
[49]

25
Comcast Center
Philadelphia
20.0975 (297)
975 (297)
[51]

26
Columbia Center
Seattle
21.0967 (295)
967 (295)
[62]

27
311 South Wacker Drive
Chicago
22.0961 (293)
961 (293)
[53]

28
70 Pine Street
New York City
23.0952 (290)
952 (290)
[56]

29
Key Tower
Cleveland
24.0947 (289)
947 (289)
[59]

30
One Liberty Place
Philadelphia
25.0945 (288)
945 (288)
[61]

31
Bloomberg Tower
New York City
26.0941 (287)
806 (246)
[245]

32
The Trump Building
New York City
27.0927 (283)
927 (283)
[65]

33
Bank of America Plaza
Dallas
28.0921 (281)
921 (281)
[69]

34
Citigroup Center
New York City
29.0915 (279)
915 (279)
[71]

35
One Prudential Plaza
Chicago
30.0912 (278)
601 (183)
[246]

36
IDS Center
Minneapolis
31.0910 (277)
792 (241)
[71]

37
Prudential Tower
Boston
32.0907 (276)
749 (228)
[177]

38
SunTrust Plaza
Atlanta
33.0902 (275)
871 (265)
[88]

39
Williams Tower
Houston
34.0901 (275)
901 (275)
[73]

40
Renaissance Tower
Dallas
35.0886 (270)
886 (270)
[75]

41
Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel
Atlanta
36.0883 (269)
723 (220)
[247]

42=
900 North Michigan
Chicago
37.0871 (265)
871 (265)
[248]

42=
Bank of America Corporate Center
Charlotte
38.0871 (265)
871 (265)
[79]

44
8 Spruce Street
New York City
39.0870 (265)
870 (265)
[81]

45
Trump World Tower
New York City
40.0860 (262)
860 (262)
[90]

46=
Water Tower Place
Chicago
41.0859 (262)
859 (262)
[92]

46=
Aqua
Chicago
42.0859 (262)
859 (262)
[93] World's tallest building designed by a woman.[94]

48
Aon Center
Los Angeles
43.0858 (262)
858 (262)
[96]

49
Transamerica Pyramid
San Francisco
44.0853 (260)
853 (260)
[99]

50=
Chase Tower
Chicago
45.0850 (259)
850 (259)
[86]

50=
Comcast Building
New York City
46.0850 (259)
850 (259)
[101]

52
Two Liberty Place
Philadelphia
47.0848 (258)
848 (258)
[103]

53
Park Tower
Chicago
48.0844 (257)
844 (257)
[106]

54
U.S. Steel Tower
Pittsburgh
49.0841 (256)
841 (256)
[109]

55
Salesforce Tower
Indianapolis
50.0830 (253)
830 (253)
[115]

56
One Atlantic Center
Atlanta
51.0820 (250)
820 (250)
[114]

57
The Legacy at Millennium Park
Chicago
52.0819 (250)
819 (250)
[249]

58
CitySpire Center
New York City
53.0814 (248)
814 (248)
[250]

59
One Chase Manhattan Plaza
New York City
54.0813 (248)
813 (248)
[251]

60
MetLife Building
New York City
55.0808 (246)
808 (246)
[118]

text: Cities with the most skyscrapers[edit]

text: American cities with at least 15 completed skyscrapers over 400 feet (122 meters) high (as of August 2018).

text:
Rank

City

≥1,000 ft

≥900 ft

≥800 ft

≥700 ft

≥600 ft

≥500 ft

≥400 ft

Total

1.

New York City

12

7

10

27

59

122

216

475

2.

Chicago

5

2

6

6

25

62

93

214

3.

Miami

0

0

1

3

9

32

36

81

4.

Houston

1

2

0

7

8

13

22

53

5.

San Francisco

1

0

3

2

4

12

31

53

6.

Seattle

0

1

0

3

7

13

19

43

7.

Las Vegas

0

0

0

1

8

8

24

41

8.

Los Angeles

2

0

1

6

5

9

17

40

9.

Atlanta

1

0

2

4

6

4

23

40

10.

Philadelphia

1

2

1

3

1

5

18

33

11.

Boston

0

0

0

3

4

11

13

31

12.

Dallas

0

1

1

3

6

8

9

35

13.

Jersey City, NJ

0

0

0

2

0

7

13

22

14.

Minneapolis

0

0

0

3

1

4

11

19

15.

Sunny Isles Beach, FL

0

0

0

0

2

7

9

18

16.

Denver

0

0

0

2

3

3

9

17

17.

Pittsburgh

0

0

1

1

3

5

6

16

18.

Charlotte

0

0

1

1

2

3

9

16

text: Tallest under construction, approved and proposed[edit]

text: Under construction[edit]

text: This lists buildings that are under construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m). Buildings that have already been topped out are excluded.

text:
Name

Image

Location

Heightft (m)

Floors

Year*(est.)

Notes

Central Park Tower

New York City
1,550 (472)
99
2019
Also known as the Nordstrom Tower, 225 West 57th Street. Would become the tallest building by roof height in the United States.

111 West 57th Street

New York City
1,438 (438)
82
2021
Will be the world's skinniest skyscraper upon completion.

One Vanderbilt

New York City
1,401 (427)
57
2020
Demolition at the site of One Vanderbilt began in September 2015 and the building is expected to be completed in 2020.[252]

2 World Trade Center

New York City
1,340  (410)
81
2021
The original design of the 2 WTC in 2007 is now redesigned.

30 Hudson Yards

New York City
1,296 (395)
92
2018-2019
Construction began in 2015.

Vista Tower

Chicago
1,198 (365)
93
2020
Announced in July 2014[253] Would become third tallest building in Chicago.

45 Broad Street

New York City
1,115 (340)
66
2018

50 Hudson Yards

New York City
1,068 (326)
62
2019

9 DeKalb Avenue

New York City
1,066 (325)
73
2019

Upon completion, 9 DeKalb Avenue will become New York City’s tallest building outside of Manhattan, and give Brooklyn its first supertall skyscraper.[254][255]

53W53

New York City
1,050 (320)
82
2018
Construction began in 2014.[256]

3 Hudson Boulevard

New York City
1,034 (315)
66
2019
[257]

35 Hudson Yards

New York City
1,009 (308)
72
2019
[258]

One Manhattan West

New York City
995 (303)
67
2019

[259]

One River Point towers 1&2

Miami
928 (282.9)
60
2021
Hotel/Residential complex consisting of twin condo towers. Construction began as of February 2018.[260]

15 Hudson Yards

New York City
912 (278)
70
2018

125 Greenwich Street

New York City
912 (278)
77
2018
Revised down from earlier projected height. Expected to be completed in 2018.

Oceanwide Center, Tower 1

San Francisco
905 (276)
75
2020
[261]

99 Hudson Street

Jersey City
899 (271)
76
2019
Will be the tallest building in New Jersey upon completion. [262]

NEMA

Chicago
892 (272)
76
2019
[263]

One Bennett Park

Chicago
843 (257)
67
2019
Approved in 2014.[264][265]

Wall Street Tower

New York City
06.0868 (255)
61
2017-2019
Construction began in August 2017.[266][267]

Rainier Square Tower

Seattle
849 (259)
59
2019
Proposed by Urban Visions and designed by NBBJ.[268] Approved in 2015.[269]

Aston Martin Residences

Miami
817 (249)
66
2021
Residential building in Miami under the Aston Martin brand name.[270]

Hudson's Site Development

Detroit
912 (278)
58
2022
Broke ground in December 2017[271]
Estimated height increased October 2018[272]

Four Seasons Hotel & Private Residences, One Dalton Street

Boston
755 (230)
61
2019
Construction began in 2015.[273]

Brickell Flatiron

Miami
736 (224.3)
64
2019
Construction began in 2016 and its completion date is slated for summer of 2019.[274]

One Thousand Museum

Miami
709 (224.3)
64
2019
Construction began in 2016 and its completion date is slated for summer of 2019.[275]

One Manhattan Square

New York City
700 (210)
56
2019
Also known as One Manhattan Square

text: * Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building dates of completion has not yet been released.

text: Approved and proposed[edit]

text: This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet (213 m). A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers.

text:
Name

City

Heightft (m)

Floors

Year(est.)

Notes

Thompson Center Redevelopment
Chicago
1,706 (520)
115
—

Tribune East Tower
Chicago
1,422 (433)
—
—
[276]

660 5th Avenue
New York
1,400 (428)
—
—
Formerly 666 5th Avenue

2901 Arch Street - Transit Terminal Tower
Philadelphia
1,200 (366)
85
2025–28
Proposed office and retail[277]

Dallas Smart District Tower
Dallas
1,121 (342)
78
2020s
Proposed office tower would be the tallest in Texas and tallest west of the Mississippi River

3101 Market Street (Part of Schuylkill Yards)
Philadelphia
1,095 (333)
70
2021–25
Proposed residential, office, education, and retail[278]

300 Biscayne
Miami
02.0 1,049 (320)
94
2020
[279]

One Bayfront Plaza
Miami
02.0 1,049 (319.8)
92
2020
[279]

SkyRise Miami
Miami
1,045 (318.5)

2020
An vertical entertainment center in Miami. Site work has begun as of October 2018.[280]

One Brickell City Centre
Miami
1,040 (317)
80
2020
Proposed in November 2013 and approved in 2014 with estimated completion in 2018

4/C
Seattle
1,029 (313)
95
—
Proposed in September 2015 by Crescent Heights, designed by LMN Architects[281][282]

The Spiral
New York
1,005 (306)
65
—

Figueroa Centre
Los Angeles
975 (297)
66
2020s
Proposed residential, hotel, and retail - would become the third tallest building in Los Angeles

Wolf Point South Tower
Chicago
950 (290)
80
—
Approved in 2013[283]

Olympia Tower 1
Los Angeles
853 (260)
65
2023
Proposed hotel and residential

1000M
Chicago
832 (254)
74
—

113 East Roosevelt (Phase II)
Chicago
—
76+
—
Approved November 19, 2015[284]

113 East Roosevelt (Phase I)
Chicago
829 (253)
76
—
Approved November 19, 2015[284]

30 Journal Square
Jersey City
800 (243)
72
—
Approved in August 2016

Ross Perot Tower
Dallas
—
70
—

Figat7th Tower
Los Angeles
—
64
2020s
Proposed office space[285]

Wolf Point East Tower
Chicago
750 (228)
60
—
Approved in 2013[286]

Olympia Tower II
Los Angeles
740 (225)
53
2020s
Proposed hotel and residential - 1015 W. Olympic Blvd[287]

6AM North Tower
Los Angeles
732 (223)
58
2020s
Proposed hotel and residential

3125 JFK Boulevard - Schuylkill Yards
Philadelphia
725 (221)
48
—

1300 S. Figueroa Towers
Los Angeles
—
53
2020
LA Convention Center Hotel - Two Towers[288]

1045 S. Olive Street
Los Angeles
714 (217)
50
2020s
Proposed hotel and residential

6AM South Tower
Los Angeles
710 (216)
50
2020s
Proposed hotel and residential

3001 JFK Boulevard - Cira II
Philadelphia
705 (215)
45
—

text: * Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building heights, floor counts or dates of completion has not yet been released.

text: Tallest destroyed[edit]

text: This table lists the 10 tallest buildings in the United States that have been demolished, destroyed, or are undergoing demolition.

text:
Name

Image

City

Heightft (m)

Floors

Yearcompleted

Yeardemolished

Notes

1 World Trade Center[A]

New York City
01.01,368 (417)
110
1972
2001
Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks; tallest building in the world from 1972 until 1974.[289][290]

2 World Trade Center

New York City
02.01,362 (415)
110
1973
2001
Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.[291][292]

Singer Building

New York City
03.0612 (187)
47
1908
1968
Demolished to make room for One Liberty Plaza; tallest building ever to be peacefully demolished; tallest building in the world from 1908 until 1909[293][294]

7 World Trade Center

New York City
04.0570 (174)
47
1987
2001
Destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks[295][296]

Morrison Hotel

Chicago
06.0526 (160)
45
1926
1965
Demolished to make room for the Chase Tower[297][298]

Deutsche Bank Building

New York City
05.0517 (158)
39
1974
2011
Dismantled because of damage from the September 11, 2001 attacks[299]

One Meridian Plaza

Philadelphia
07.0492 (150)
38
1972
1999
Dismantled because of damage from a 1991 fire[300][301]

City Investing Building

New York City
08.0487 (148)
33
1908
1968
Demolished with the Singer Building to make room for One Liberty Plaza[302][303]

J.L. Hudson Company Department Store

Detroit
09.0410 (125)
29
1911
1998
Tallest building ever imploded; tallest department store in the world at the time of its completion[304][305]

First National Bank Building

Pittsburgh
09.0387 (118)
26
1912
1970
Demolished to make room for One PNC Plaza.[306]

text: Timeline of tallest buildings[edit]

text: This is a list of the history of the tallest buildings in the United States.

text: This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in the United States.

text:
Name

Image

Location

Years as tallest

Heightft (m)

Floors

Reference

Pueblo Bonito

Northern New Mexico36°3′38″N 107°57′42″W / 36.06056°N 107.96167°W / 36.06056; -107.96167(Abandoned 1126)

10th century AD – 1754

97 (32)

6

[307]

Christ Church, Philadelphia

Philadelphia39°57′2.60″N 75°8′37.90″W / 39.9507222°N 75.1438611°W / 39.9507222; -75.1438611

1754–1810

19.0196.75 (60.0)

1

[308][309]

Park Street Church

Boston42°21′24.42″N 71°3′43.18″W / 42.3567833°N 71.0619944°W / 42.3567833; -71.0619944

1810–1828

18.0217 (66)

1

[310]

Phoenix Shot Tower

Baltimore39°17′26.42″N 76°36′20.18″W / 39.2906722°N 76.6056056°W / 39.2906722; -76.6056056

1828–1846

18.0234.25 (71.4)

1

[311]

Trinity Church

New York City40°42′28.58″N 74°0′43.88″W / 40.7079389°N 74.0121889°W / 40.7079389; -74.0121889

1846–1869

17.0279 (85)

1

[312]

Saint Michael's Church

Chicago41°54′44.79″N 87°38′26.7″W / 41.9124417°N 87.640750°W / 41.9124417; -87.640750

1869–1885

16.0290 (88)

1

[313]

Chicago Board of Trade Building

Chicago(demolished 1929)

1885–1890

15.0322 (98)

10

[314]

New York World Building

New York City(demolished 1955)

1890–1894

14.0348 (106)

20[A]

[315]

Philadelphia City Hall†

Philadelphia39°57′8.85″N 75°9′48.83″W / 39.9524583°N 75.1635639°W / 39.9524583; -75.1635639

1894–1908

10.0548 (167)

7

[316][317][318]

Singer Building†

New York City(demolished 1968)

1908–1909

09.0612 (187)

47

[294]

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower†

New York City40°44′28.54″N 73°59′15.03″W / 40.7412611°N 73.9875083°W / 40.7412611; -73.9875083

1909–1913

08.0700 (213)

50

[319]

Woolworth Building†

New York City40°42′44.29″N 74°0′28.96″W / 40.7123028°N 74.0080444°W / 40.7123028; -74.0080444

1913–1930

07.0792 (241)

57

[320]

Bank of Manhattan Trust Building†

New York City40°42′25.05″N 74°0′34.73″W / 40.7069583°N 74.0096472°W / 40.7069583; -74.0096472

1930

06.0927 (283)

70

[65]

Chrysler Building†

New York City40°45′5.44″N 73°58′31.84″W / 40.7515111°N 73.9755111°W / 40.7515111; -73.9755111

1930–1931

05.01,046 (319)

77

[31]

Empire State Building†

New York City40°44′54.36″N 73°59′8.36″W / 40.7484333°N 73.9856556°W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556

1931–1970

04.01,250 (381)

102

[16]

One and Two World Trade Center†

New York City(destroyed 2001)

1970–1974

03.01,368 (417)

110

[290]

Willis Tower†(formerly Sears Tower)

Chicago41°52′43.82″N 87°38′9.73″W / 41.8788389°N 87.6360361°W / 41.8788389; -87.6360361

1974–2013

02.01,451 (442)

108

[9]

One World Trade Center

New York City

2013–Present

01.01,776 (541)

104

[321]


document_title: Olympic symbols

question_text: why are the olympic rings the colors they are

root

text: Olympic symbols

text: Motto[edit]

text: The Olympic motto is the hendiatris Citius, Altius, Fortius, which is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger".[1] It was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin upon the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. Coubertin borrowed it from his friend Henri Didon, a Dominican priest who was an athletics enthusiast.[2] Coubertin said "These three words represent a programme of moral beauty. The aesthetics of sport are intangible."[2] The motto was introduced in 1924 at the Olympic Games in Paris.[3] A more informal but well-known motto, also introduced by Coubertin, is "The most important thing is not to win but to take part!" Coubertin got this motto from a sermon by the Bishop of Pennsylvania during the 1908 London Games.[4]

tag: p

text: Rings[edit]

text: The rings are five interlocking rings, coloured blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field, known as the "Olympic rings". The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by de Coubertin.[5] He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents: Africa, Asia, America, Oceania and Europe.[6] According to Coubertin, the colours of the rings together with the white of the background included the colours composing every competing nation's flag at the time. Upon its initial introduction, Coubertin stated the following in the August 1912 edition of Olympique:[7]

text: ... the six colours [including the flag's white background] combined in this way reproduce the colours of every country without exception. The blue and yellow of Sweden, the blue and white of Greece, the tricolour flags of France, England, the United States, Germany, Belgium, Italy and Hungary, and the yellow and red of Spain are included, as are the innovative flags of Brazil and Australia, and those of ancient Japan and modern China. This, truly, is an international emblem.

text: In his article published in the Olympic Revue the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee in November 1992, the American historian Robert Barney explains that the idea of the interlaced rings came to Pierre de Coubertin when he was in charge of the USFSA, an association founded by the union of two French sports associations and until 1925, responsible for representing the International Olympic Committee in France: The emblem of the union was two interlaced rings (like the vesica piscis typical interlaced marriage rings) and originally the idea of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung: for him, the ring symbolized continuity and the human being.[8].

text: The 1914 Congress was suspended due to the outbreak of World War I, but the symbol and flag were later adopted. They would first officially debut at the Games of the VII Olympiad in Antwerp, Belgium, in 1920.[9]

text: The symbol's popularity and widespread use began during the lead-up to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Carl Diem, president of the Organizing Committee of the 1936 Summer Olympics, wanted to hold a torchbearers' ceremony in the stadium at Delphi, site of the famous oracle, where the Pythian Games were also held. For this reason he ordered construction of a milestone with the Olympic rings carved in the sides, and that a torchbearer should carry the flame along with an escort of three others from there to Berlin. The ceremony was celebrated but the stone was never removed. Later, two American authors, Lynn and Gray Poole, when visiting Delphi in the late 1950s, saw the stone and reported in their History of the Ancient Games[10] that the Olympic rings design came from ancient Greece. This has become known as "Carl Diem's Stone".[11] This created a myth that the symbol had an ancient Greek origin.

text: The current view of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is that the symbol "reinforces the idea" that the Olympic Movement is international and welcomes all countries of the world to join.[12] As can be read in the Olympic Charter, the Olympic symbol represents the union of the "five continents" of the world and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. However, no continent is represented by any specific ring. Prior to 1951, the official handbook stated that each colour corresponded to a particular continent: blue for Europe, yellow for Asia, black for Africa, green for Australia and Oceania and red for the Americas; this was removed because there was no evidence that Coubertin had intended it (the quotation above was probably an afterthought).[13] Nevertheless, the logo of the Association of National Olympic Committees places the logo of each of its five continental associations inside the ring of the corresponding colour.

text: Flag[edit]

text: The Olympic flag was created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1925.

text: The Olympic flag has a white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black, green and red. This design is symbolic; it represents the five continents of the world, united by Olympism, while the six colours are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time.

text: Specific flags[edit]

text: There are specific Olympic flags that are displayed by cities that will be hosting the next Olympic games. During each Olympic closing ceremony in what is traditionally known as the Antwerp Ceremony,[15] the flag is passed from the mayor of one host city to the next host, where it will then be taken to the new host and displayed at city hall. These flags should not be confused with the larger Olympic flags designed and created specifically for each games, which are flown over the host stadium and then retired. Because there is no specific flag for this purpose, the flags flown over the stadiums generally have subtle differences, including minor color variations, and, more noticeably, the presence (or lack) of white outlines around each ring.

text: Antwerp flag[edit]

text: The first Olympic flag was presented to the Jr.National Olympics at the 1920 Summer Olympics by the city of Antwerp, Belgium. At the end of the Games, the flag could not be found and a new Olympic flag had to be made for the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. Despite it being a replacement, the IOC officially still calls this the "Antwerp Flag" instead of the "Paris Flag".[16] It was passed on to the next organizing city of the Summer Olympics or Winter Olympics until the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, when a separate Olympic flag was created to be used only at the Winter Olympics (see below). The 1924 flag then continued to be used at the Summer Olympics until the Games of Seoul 1988 when it was retired.

text: In 1997, at a banquet hosted by the US Olympic Committee, a reporter was interviewing Hal Haig Prieste who had won a bronze medal in platform diving as a member of the 1920 US Olympic team. The reporter mentioned that the IOC had not been able to find out what had happened to the original Olympic flag. "I can help you with that," Prieste said, "It's in my suitcase." At the end of the Antwerp Olympics, spurred on by teammate Duke Kahanamoku, he climbed a flagpole and stole the Olympic flag. For 77 years the flag was stored away in the bottom of his suitcase. The flag was returned to the IOC by Prieste, by then 103 years old, in a special ceremony held at the 2000 Games in Sydney.[17] The original Antwerp Flag is now on display at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland, with a plaque thanking him for donating it.[18]

text: Oslo flag[edit]

text: The Oslo flag was presented to the IOC by the mayor of Oslo, Norway, during the 1952 Winter Olympics. Since then, it has been passed to the next organizing city for the Winter Olympics. Currently, the actual Oslo flag is kept preserved in a special box, and a replica has been used during recent closing ceremonies instead.[19]

text: Seoul flag[edit]

text: As a successor to the Antwerp Flag,[20] the Seoul flag was presented to the IOC at the 1988 Summer Olympics by the city of Seoul, South Korea, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Summer Olympics. The Seoul flag is currently on display at the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building.

text: Rio de Janeiro flag[edit]

text: As a successor to the Seoul Flag,[21] the Rio flag was presented to the IOC at the 2016 Summer Olympics by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Summer Olympics, Tokyo.

text: Singapore flag[edit]

text: For the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, an Olympic flag was created for the junior version of the Games. The flag is similar to the Olympic flag, but has the host city and year on it and was first presented to Singapore by IOC President Jacques Rogge.[22][23] During the closing ceremony on 26 August 2010, Singapore officials presented it to the next organizing committee, Nanjing 2014.[24]

text: Innsbruck flag[edit]

text: For the inaugural winter Youth Olympic Games, an Olympic flag was presented to the IOC at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics by the city of Innsbruck, Austria, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Winter Youth Olympics.

text: Flame and torch relay[edit]

text: The modern tradition of moving the Olympic flame via a relay system from Greece to the Olympic venue began with the Berlin Games in 1936. Months before the Games are held, the Olympic flame is lit on a torch, with the rays of the Sun concentrated by a parabolic reflector, at the site of the Ancient Olympics in Olympia, Greece. The torch is then taken out of Greece, most often to be taken around the country or continent where the Games are held. The Olympic torch is carried by athletes, leaders, celebrities, and ordinary people alike, and at times in unusual conditions, such as being electronically transmitted via satellite for Montreal 1976, submerged underwater without being extinguished for Sydney 2000, or in space and at the North Pole for Sochi 2014. On the final day of the torch relay, the day of the Opening Ceremony, the Flame reaches the main stadium and is used to light a cauldron situated in a prominent part of the venue to signify the beginning of the Games.

text: Medals and diplomas[edit]

text: The Olympic medals awarded to winners are another symbol associated with the Olympic games. The medals are made of gold-plated silver – for the gold medals – silver, or bronze, and are awarded to the top three finishers in a particular event. Each medal for an Olympiad has a common design, decided upon by the organizers for the particular games. From 1928 until 2000, the obverse side of the medals contained an image of Nike, the traditional goddess of victory, holding a palm in her left hand and a winner's crown in her right. This design was created by Giuseppe Cassioli. For each Olympic games, the reverse side as well as the labels for each Olympiad changed, reflecting the host of the games.

text: In 2004, the obverse side of the medals changed to make more explicit reference to the Greek character of the games. In this design, the goddess Nike flies into the Panathenic stadium, reflecting the renewal of the games. The design was by Greek jewelry designer Elena Votsi.[25]

text: Olympic diplomas are given to competitors placing fourth, fifth, and sixth since 1949, and to competitors placing seventh and eighth since 1981.

text: Anthems[edit]

text: The "Olympic Hymn", officially known as the "Olympic Anthem", is played when the Olympic flag is raised. It was composed by Spyridon Samaras with words from a poem of the Greek poet and writer Kostis Palamas. Both the poet and the composer were the choice of Demetrius Vikelas, a Greek Pro-European and the first President of the IOC. The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the 1896 Athens Olympic Games but wasn't declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1958. In the following years, every hosting nation commissioned the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their own edition of the Games until the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.

text: Other notable Olympic anthems and fanfares include:

text:
"Olympische Hymne": A composition for orchestra and mixed chorus composed by Richard Strauss for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics.
The "Olympic Fanfare" for the 1952 Helsinki Summer Olympics was originally composed by Aarre Merikanto for the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were cancelled. Merikanto's Fanfare won the fanfare contest organized in Finland in 1939, but the score was lost for over a decade; when rediscovered in 1951, it was decided to use it in 1952. It was recorded in 1953.[26]
"Bugler's Dream": Written in 1958 by Leo Arnaud as part of his Charge Suite, the theme is often thought of by Americans as the Olympic Theme" due to its usage in television coverage by ABC and NBC, starting with the 1964 Olympics.
The "Olympic March": The theme written by Yūji Koseki for the Tokyo 1964 Summer Olympics theme song.
"Olympic Fanfare 1972": The winning submission for the Munich 1972 Summer Olympics theme song, used as the TV signature tune of the German Olympic Center (Deutsches Olympia-Zentrum, DOZ) and the prelude to the medal ceremonies, composed by Herbert Rehbein.[27] It was performed by the Orchestra of the Bavarian Broadcasting Company (Orchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) and members of the Air Force Band Neubiberg, conducted by Willy Mattes.[citation needed]
"Olympic Fanfare and Theme": Composed by John Williams for the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics, the theme was performed in the opening ceremonies by the United States Army Herald Trumpets conducted by then-Captain David Deitrick.[28] The first recording, performed by an orchestra composed of Los Angeles-area musicians, was released in its entirety on the LP and cassette album The Official Music of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles 1984, with a concurrent Japan-only CD release (which went on to win a Grammy in 1985).[29] A slightly different arrangement of the piece was released on the Philips album By Request: The Best of John Williams and the Boston Pops Orchestra. In 1996, an alternate version of "Olympic Fanfare and Theme" was released on the album Summon the Heroes for the Atlanta Olympic Games, replacing the first part of the piece with Arnaud's Bugler's Dream. The theme was also used in closing ceremony of the 2010 Olympic Games, as the nations' flagbearers entered BC Place Stadium surrounding the Olympic flame and when the Olympic flag was brought into the stadium by Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson.
"The Olympic Spirit": The theme written by John Williams for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul and used in the corresponding NBC broadcasts.
"Summon the Heroes": The theme written by John Williams for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
"Theme from The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.": The theme song to this television show, composed by Randy Edelman, has been used by NBC for teaser commercial and promo spots since the 1996 Summer Olympics.[30]
"Call of the Champions": The theme written by John Williams for the 2002 Salt Lake Winter Olympics.

tag: ul

text: Several other composers have contributed Olympic music, including Henry Mancini, Francis Lai, Marvin Hamlisch, Philip Glass, David Foster, Mikis Theodorakis, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Vangelis, Basil Poledouris, Michael Kamen, and Mark Watters.it had oath too : we swear that we will take part in the Olympic Games in loyal competition, respecting the regulations which govern them and desirous of participating in them in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the honour of our country and for the glory of sports.

text: Kotinos[edit]

text: The kotinos (Greek: κότινος),[31] is an olive branch, originally of wild olive-tree, intertwined to form a circle or a horse-shoe, introduced by Heracles.[32] In the ancient Olympic Games there were no gold, silver, or bronze medals. There was only one winner per event, crowned with an olive wreath made of wild olive leaves from a sacred tree near the temple of Zeus at Olympia. Aristophanes in Plutus makes a sensible remark why victorious athletes are crowned with wreath made of wild olive instead of gold.[33] The victorious athletes were honored, feted, and praised. Their deeds were heralded and chronicled so that future generations could appreciate their accomplishments.

text: Herodotus describes the following story which is relevant to the olive wreath. Xerxes was interrogating some Arcadians after the Battle of Thermopylae. He inquired why there were so few Greek men defending the Thermopylae. The answer was "All other men are participating in the Olympic Games". And when asked "What is the prize for the winner?", "An olive-wreath" came the answer. Then Tigranes, one of his generals uttered a most noble saying: "Good heavens! Mardonius, what kind of men are these against whom you have brought us to fight? Men who do not compete for possessions, but for honour."[34]

text: However, in later times, this was not their only reward; the athlete was rewarded with a generous sum of money by his country. The kotinos tradition was renewed specifically for the Athens 2004 Games, although in this case it was bestowed together with the gold medal. Apart from its use in the awards-ceremonies, the kotinos was chosen as the 2004 Summer Olympics emblem.

text: Olympic salute[edit]

text: The Olympic salute is a variant of the Roman salute, with the right arm and hand are stretched and pointing upward, the palm is outward and downward, with the fingers touching. However, unlike the Roman Salute, the arm is raised higher and at an angle to the right from the shoulder.[35][36]The greeting is visible on the official posters of the games at Paris 1924[35] and Berlin 1936.[37]

text: The Olympic salute has fallen out of use since World War II because of its strong resemblance to the Nazi salute.[38] It was used for the last time by the French team in the opening ceremony of the 1948 Winter Olympics. [39]

text: Mascots[edit]

text: Since the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, the Olympic Games have had a mascot, usually an animal native to the area or occasionally human figures representing the cultural heritage. The first major mascot in the Olympic Games was Misha in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Misha was used extensively during the opening and closing ceremonies, had a TV animated cartoon and appeared on several merchandise products. Nowadays, most of the merchandise aimed at young people focuses on the mascots, rather than the Olympic flag or organization logos.

text: Intellectual property[edit]

text: The Olympic movement is very protective of its symbols; as many jurisdictions have given the movement exclusive trademark rights to any interlocking arrangement of five rings, and usage of the word "Olympic". The rings are not eligible for copyright protection, both because of their date of creation and because five circles arranged in a pattern do not reach the threshold of originality required to be copyrighted.

text: The movement has taken action against numerous groups alleged to have violated their trademarks, including the Gay Games; the Minneapolis-based band The Hopefuls, formerly The Olympic Hopefuls; the Redneck Olympics or Redneck Games; Awana Clubs International, a Christian youth ministry who used the term for its competitive games; and Wizards of the Coast, publisher at the time of the IOC's complaint of the card game Legend of the Five Rings.

text: In 1938, the Norwegian brewery Frydenlund patented a label for its root beer which featured the five Olympic rings. In 1952, when Norway was to host the Winter Olympics, the Olympic Committee was notified by Norway's Patent Office that it was Frydenlund who owned the rights to the rings in that country. Today, the successor company Ringnes AS owns the rights to use the patented five rings on its root beer.[40] In addition, a few other companies have been successful in using the Olympic name, such as Olympic Paint, which has a paintbrush in the form of a torch as its logo, and the former Greek passenger carrier Olympic Airlines.

text: Certain other sporting organizations and events have been granted permission by the IOC to use the word "Olympics" in their name, such as the Special Olympics, an international sporting event held every four years for people with intellectual disabilities.

text: In recent years, organizing committees have also demanded the passing of laws to combat ambush marketing by non-official sponsors during the Games – such as the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 – putting heavy restrictions on using any term or imagery that could constitute an unauthorized association with the games, including mere mentioning of the host city, the year, and others.[41][42]


document_title: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

question_text: how does thyrotropin releasing hormone travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

text: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

text: Synthesis[edit]

text: TRH is produced by the globe in medial neurons of the paraventricular nucleus.[3] At the beginning, it is synthesized as a 242-amino acid precursor polypeptide that contains 6 copies of the sequence -Gln-His-Pro-Gly-, flanked by Lys-Arg or Arg-Arg sequences.

text: To produce the mature form, a series of enzymes are required. First, a protease cleaves to the C-terminal side of the flanking Lys-Arg or Arg-Arg. Second, a carboxypeptidase removes the Lys/Arg residues leaving Gly as the C-terminal residue. Then, this Gly is converted into an amide residue by a series of enzymes collectively known as peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating monooxygenase. Concurrently with these processing steps, the N-terminal Gln (glutamine) is converted into pyroglutamate (a cyclic residue). These multiple steps produce 6 copies of the mature TRH molecule per precursor molecule for human TRH (5 for mouse TRH).

text: Following secretion, TRH travels across the median eminence to the anterior pituitary gland via the hypophyseal portal system where it stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from cells called thyrotropes.[4]

text: TRH can also be detected in other areas of the body including the gastrointestinal system and pancreatic islets, as well as in the brain.

text: History[edit]

text: The seleke of TRH was first determined, and the hormone synthesized, by Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally in 1969.[5][6] Both parties insisted their labs determined the sequence first: Schally first suggested the possibility in 1966, but abandoned it after Guillemin proposed TRH was not actually a peptide. Guillemin's chemist began concurring with these results in 1969, as NIH threatened to cut off funding for the project, leading both parties to return to work on synthesis.[7]

text: Schally and Guillemin shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain."[8] News accounts of their work often focused on their "fierce competition" and use of a very large amount of sheep and pig brains to locate the hormone.[7]

text: Chemical properties[edit]

text: Its molecular weight is 359.5 Da. Its tripeptide structure is: (pyro)Glu-His-Pro-NH2. Its logp octanol/water is -2.46 [9]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: TRH is used clinically by intravenous injection (brand name Relefact TRH) to test the response of the anterior pituitary gland; this procedure is known as a TRH test. This is done as diagnostic test of thyroid disorders such as secondary hypothyroidism and in acromegaly.

text: TRH has anti-depressant and anti-suicidal properties,[10] and in 2012 the U.S. Army awarded a research grant to develop a TRH nasal spray in order to prevent suicide amongst its ranks.[11][12]

text: TRH has been shown in mice to be an anti-aging agent with a broad spectrum of activities that, because of their actions, suggest that TRH has a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolic and hormonal functions.[13]

text: Side effects[edit]

text: Side effects after intravenous TRH administration are minimal.[14] Nausea, flushing, urinary urgency, and mild rise in blood pressure have been reported.[15] After intrathecal administration, shaking, sweating, shivering, restlessness, and mild rise in blood pressure were observed.[10]

text: Related peptides[edit]

text:
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Identifiers

Symbol
TRH

Pfam
PF05438

InterPro
IPR008857

[show]Available protein structures:

Pfam
structures

PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj

PDBsum
structure summary

tag: table

text: TRH belongs to a family of several thyrotropin-releasing hormones.