document_title: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

question_text: where was the adventures of tom sawyer published

root

text: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Tom Sawyer lives with his Aunt Polly and his half-brother Sid. He skips school to swim and is made to whitewash the fence the next day as punishment. He cleverly persuades his friends to trade him small treasures for the privilege of doing his work.

tag: p

text: Tom falls in love with Becky Thatcher, a new girl in town, and persuades her to get "engaged" by kissing him. But their romance collapses when she learns Tom has been "engaged" previously to Amy Lawrence. Shortly after Becky shuns him, he accompanies Huckleberry Finn to the graveyard at night, where they witness a trio of body snatchers, Dr. Robinson, Muff Potter, and Injun Joe, getting into a fight in which Robinson is murdered by Injun Joe.

text: Joe pins the murder on Muff Potter, but the boys know he is innocent. At Potters trial, Tom speaks out and Joe escapes through a window before he can be apprehended. Henceforth the boys live in constant fear of Joe's revenge on them for incriminating him.

text: Bored by school, Tom, his best friend Joe Harper, and Huck run away to an island in the Mississippi called Jackson's Island. While enjoying their new-found freedom, they become aware that the community is sounding the river for their bodies. Tom sneaks back home one night to observe the commotion. After a brief moment of remorse at his loved ones' suffering, he is struck by the idea of appearing at his own funeral. The trio later carry out this scheme by making a sensational sudden appearance in the church in the middle of their joint funeral service.

text: Back in school, Tom gets himself back in Becky's favor after he nobly accepts the blame and punishment for a book she has ripped.

text: Summer arrives, and Tom and Huck go hunting for buried treasure in a haunted house. After venturing upstairs they hear a noise below. Peering through holes in the floor, they see Injun Joe disguised as a deaf-mute Spaniard; Injun Joe and his companion plan to bury some stolen treasure of their own. From their hiding spot, Tom and Huck wriggle with delight at the prospect of digging it up. By chance the villains discover an even greater gold hoard buried in the hearth and carry it all off to a better secret hiding place. The boys are determined to find where it has gone. One night Huck spots them and follows them. He overhears their plans to attack the wealthy Widow Douglas. By running to fetch help, Huck prevents the crime and becomes an anonymous hero.

text: In the meantime, Tom goes on a picnic to McDougal's Cave with Becky and their classmates. Tom and Becky get separated from the others and wander lost in the extensive cave complex for the next few days. Becky gets extremely dehydrated and starved, so Tom's search for a way out gets even more desperate. He accidentally encounters Injun Joe in the caves one day, but he is not seen by his nemesis. Eventually, he finds a way out, and they are joyfully welcomed back by their community. As a preventive measure, Judge Thatcher, Becky's father, has McDougal's Cave sealed off with an iron door, but this traps Injun Joe inside. When Tom hears of the sealing several days later he directs a posse to the cave, they find Injun Joe's corpse just inside the sealed entrance, starved to death.

text: A week later, having deduced from Injun Joe's presence at McDougal's Cave that the villain must have hidden the stolen gold inside, Tom takes Huck to the cave and they find the box of gold, the proceeds of which are invested for them. The Widow Douglas adopts Huck, but he finds the restrictions of a civilized home life painful. He attempts to escape back to his vagrant life. Tom tricks him into thinking that he can later join Tom's new scheme of starting a robber band if he returns to the widow. Reluctantly, Huck agrees and goes back to her.

text: See also List of Tom Sawyer characters.

text: Significance[edit]

text: The novel has elements of humor, satire and social criticism; features that later made Mark Twain one of the most important authors of American literature. Mark Twain describes some autobiographical events in the book. The novel is set around Twain's actual boyhood home of Hannibal, near St. Louis, and many of the places in it are real and today support a tourist industry as a result.[3]

text: Inception[edit]

text: Tom Sawyer is Twain's first attempt to write a novel on his own. He had previously written contemporary autobiographical narratives (The Innocents Abroad or The New Pilgrims' Progress, Roughing It,) and two short texts called sketches which parody the youth literature of the time.  These are The Story of the Good Boy and The Story of the Wicked Little Boy which are satirical texts of a few pages. In the first, a model child is never rewarded and ends up dying before he can declaim his last words which he has carefully prepared. In the second story, an evil little boy steals and lies, like Tom Sawyer, but finishes rich and successful. Tom appears as a mixture of these little boys, since he is at the same time a scamp and a boy endowed with a certain generosity.

text: By the time he wrote Tom Sawyer, Twain was already a successful author based on the popularity of The Innocents Abroad. He owned a large house in Hartford Connecticut. but needed another success to support himself, with a wife and two daughters. He had collaborated on a novel with Charles Dudley Warner, The Gilded Age published in 1874.[4]

text: He had earlier written an unpublished memoir of his own life on the Mississippi and corresponded with a boyhood friend, Will Bowen, that had evoked many memories and was used as a source of material.

text: Twain named his fictional character after a San Francisco fireman whom he met in June 1863. The real Tom Sawyer was a local hero, famous for rescuing 90 passengers after a shipwreck. The two remained friendly during Twain's three-year stay in San Francisco, often drinking and gambling together.[5]

text: Publication[edit]

text: In November 1875 Twain gave the manuscript to Elisha Bliss of the American Publishing Company, who sent it to True Williams for the illustrations. A little later, Twain had the text also quickly published at Chatto and Windus of London, in June 1876, but without illustration. Pirate editions appeared very quickly in Canada and Germany. The American Publishing Company finally published its edition in December 1876, which was the first illustrated edition of Tom Sawyer.[6]

text: These two editions differ slightly. After completing his manuscript, Twain had a copy made of it. It is this copy which was read and annotated by his friend William Dean Howells. Twain then made his own corrections based on Howells comments which he later incorporated in the original manuscript, but some corrections escaped him. The English edition was based on this corrected copy, while the illustrated American edition was based on the original manuscript. To further complicate matters, Twain was personally concerned with the revision of the proofs of the American edition, which he did not do for the English edition. The American edition is therefore considered the authoritative edition.

text: Critical analysis[edit]

text: A third person narrator describes the experiences of the boys, interspersed with occasional social commentary. In its sequel, Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain changes to a first person narrative which takes moral conflicts more personally and thus makes greater social criticism possible.[7]

text: Sometimes the book is described as racist because black people are called "niggers" in the text. This was common practice at the time and does not necessarily indicate racism. A cleansed version, which no longer contained the word, aroused indignation among some literary critics.[8]

text: Sequels and other works featuring Tom Sawyer[edit]

text:
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894)
Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896)

tag: ul

text: Tom Sawyer, the story's title character, also appears in two other uncompleted sequels: Huck and Tom Among the Indians and Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy. He is also a character in Twain's unfinished Schoolhouse Hill.

text: Adaptations and influences[edit]

text: Film and television[edit]

text:
Tom Sawyer (1917), directed by William Desmond Taylor, starring Jack Pickford as Tom[9]
Tom Sawyer (1930), directed by John Cromwell, starring Jackie Coogan as Tom[10]
Tom Sawyer (1936), Soviet Union version directed by Lazar Frenkel and Gleb Zatvornitsky[11]
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), Technicolor film by the Selznick Studio, starring Tommy Kelly as Tom and directed by Norman Taurog; most notable is the cave sequence designed by William Cameron Menzies[12]
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1960), BBC television series in 6 episodes starring Fred Smith as Tom and Janina Faye as Becky. The series' theme song was "John Gilbert is the Boat", sung by Peggy Seeger[13]
Les aventures de Tom Sawyer (1968), Romanian/French/German television miniseries directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner, starring Roland Demongeot as Tom and Marc Di Napoli as Huck[14]
Aventurile lui Tom Sawyer (1968), Romanian movie directed by Mircea Albulescu.
The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1968), a half-hour live-action/animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions[15]
Las Aventuras de Juliancito (1969), Mexican film[16]
Tom Sawyer (1973), musical adaptation by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman, with Johnny Whitaker in the title role, Jeff East as Huck Finn, Jodie Foster as Becky Thatcher, and Celeste Holm as Aunt Polly.[17]
Tom Sawyer (1973), TV movie version sponsored by Dr Pepper, starring Buddy Ebsen as Muff Potter and filmed in Upper Canada Village[18]
Páni kluci (1976), Czech movie directed by Věra Plívová-Šimková
Huckleberry Finn and His Friends (1979), TV series[19]
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1980), Japanese anime television series by Nippon Animation, part of the World Masterpiece Theater, aired in the United States on HBO
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (Приключения Тома Сойера и Гекльберри Финна), 1981 Soviet Union version directed by Stanislav Govorukhin[20]
Tom Sawyer (1984), Canadian claymation version produced by Hal Roach studios
Tom and Huck (1995), starring Jonathan Taylor Thomas as Tom and Brad Renfro as Huck Finn[21]
Tom Sawyer (2000), animated adaptation featuring the characters as anthropomorphic animals instead of humans with an all-star voice cast, including country singers Rhett Akins, Mark Wills, Lee Ann Womack, Waylon Jennings, and Hank Williams Jr. as well as Betty White[22]
Thomas Sawyer, as a young adult, is a character in the movie League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, portrayed by Shane West. Here, Tom is a U.S. Secret Service agent who joins the team's fight against Professor Moriarty.
Tom Sawyer & Huckleberry Finn (2014), starring Joel Courtney as Tom and Jake T. Austin as Huck.
Band of Robbers, a 2015 American crime comedy film written and directed by the Nee Brothers[23]

text: Theatrical[edit]

text:
In 1956, We're From Missouri, a musical adaptation of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, with book, music, and lyrics by Tom Boyd, was presented by the students at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.
In 1960, Tom Boyd's musical version (re-titled Tom Sawyer) was presented professionally at Theatre Royal Stratford East in London, England, and in 1961 toured provincial theatres in England.[24][25]
In 1981, the play "The Boys in Autumn" was premiered in San Francisco by the American dramatist Bernhard Sabath, in which Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn meet again as old men. Despite good reviews, the play has remained largely unknown.[26]
In 2001, the musical The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Ken Ludwig and Don Schlitz, debuted on Broadway.[27]
In 2015, the Mark Twain House and Museum selected 17-year-old Noah Altshuler (writer of Making the Move), as Mark Twain Playwright in Residence, to create a modern, meta-fictional adaptation of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer for regional and commercial production.[28]

text: Ballet[edit]

text: Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts premiered on October 14, 2011, at the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts in Kansas City, Missouri. The score was by composer Maury Yeston, with choreography by William Whitener, artistic director of the Kansas City Ballet.[29][30] A review in The New York Times observed: "It’s quite likely that this is the first all-new, entirely American three-act ballet: it is based on an American literary classic, has an original score by an American composer and was given its premiere by an American choreographer and company. ... Both the score and the choreography are energetic, robust, warm, deliberately naïve (both ornery and innocent), in ways right for Twain."[31]

text: Video Games[edit]

text:
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, an action-platformer for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released by SeTa in February 1989 in Japan and August that same year in the North America.
Square's Tom Sawyer, a role-playing video game produced by Square. It was released in March 1989 for Japan on the Famicom.

text: Internet[edit]

text: On November 30, 2011, to celebrate Twain’s 176th birthday, the Google Doodle was a scene from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.[32]

text: Song[edit]

text: Canadian rock band Rush published a song entitled Tom Sawyer in 1981, which is inspired by the book.[33]


document_title: School-leaving age

question_text: at what age do you leave high school in america

text: School-leaving age

text: Leaving age by country[edit]

text: Some countries have different leaving or employment ages, but in certain countries like China and Japan, the average age at which people graduate is 15, depending upon part-time or full-time learning or employment. The table below states the school leaving ages in countries across the world and their respective minimum employment age, showing a comparison of how many countries have synchronised these ages. All information is taken from the Right to Education Project's table unless otherwise indicated.[1]

text: Legend

text:
Color legend
Ages legend

  Both ages unsynchronised: School leaving age higher / Employment age lower
0 denotes education is not compulsory. (13) denotes part-time employment available from 13

  Both ages unsynchronised: Employment age higher / School leaving age lower
0 denotes no minimum employment age as children could be, in theory, employed from birth

  Both ages synchronised
― denotes no information available

  No information / No age set / Age varies by jurisdiction
? denotes the age set is unknown

tag: table

text: Africa[edit]

text:
#

Country

De jure

Education/Employment gap

Year

Notes

School leaving age

Employment age

 Algeria

16

0

2011

 Angola

12
14

2

2010

 Benin

?
14

2005

 Botswana

?
15

2004

 Burkina Faso

16
15

-1

2009

.

 Burundi

12
16

4

2010

 Cameroon

14

0

2001

 Cape Verde

16
14

-2

2001

 Chad

15
?

2007

 Comoros

14
?

1998

 Congo

16

0

2006

 Egypt

14

0

2010

 Eritrea

13
14

1

2007

 Ethiopia

?

2005

 Gabon

16

0

2001

 Gambia

?

2000

 Ghana

15
12

-3

2005

 Guinea

16

0

2012

 Kenya

?

2006

 Libya

15

0

2002

 Madagascar

?
14

2010

 Malawi

?
14

2008

 Mozambique

?
15

2009

 Morocco

13
?

2003

 Namibia

16
14

-2

2011

 Niger

16
14

-2

2008

 Nigeria

15
?

2009

 Rwanda

16

0

2012

 Senegal

16
15

-1

2006

 Seychelles

15

0

2011

 Sierra Leone

15?
?

2006

 South Africa

15

0

2011

A child between the ages of 15 and 18 may only be employed if he or she has completed grade 9.[2]

 Sudan

?
14

2010

Includes South Sudan

 Tanzania

13?
14

2005

 Togo

15
14

-1

2010

 Tunisia

16

0

2008

 Uganda

?

2004

 Zambia

?

2002

 Zimbabwe

?

1995

text: Americas[edit]

text:
#

Country

De jure

Education/Employment gap

Year

Notes

School leaving age

Employment age

 Argentina

18
14

-4

2009

 Barbados

16
16?

1997

 Belize

14

0

2004

 Bolivia

16
14

-2

2009

 Brazil

17
15

-2

2010

Schooling is mandatory for children 6-16 (years 1-9 in the new Brazilian school system).  After that, there is no legal obligation to stay in school. Students who want to qualify for university admission must however complete three additional years (years 10-12) of secondary school (ensino médio), thus normally leaving school at age 17 or 18, depending on one's birthday date. The minimum age for legal work is 17; at 15, one is allowed to have an apprenticeship contract.

 Canada

16 in Quebec, 17 everywhere else
14-18, varies by province and industry

2014

[3]

 Chile

18
15

-3

2005

Students finish their secondary education (Educación Media in Spanish) at age 18, and working is legal only if the underaged employee (age 17 or younger) is authorised by legal guardian or parents,

 Colombia

15
14

-1

2005

 Costa Rica

17-18
15

-20

2010

 Cuba

16

0

2010

 Dominica

16
12

-4

2004?

 Dominican Republic

18

0

2007?

 Grenada

14

0

2009

 Guyana

15

0

2003

 Haiti

?
15

2002

 Jamaica

14
12

-2

2003

 Mexico

15

0

2014

 Paraguay

14

0

2009

Since the initiation of the Education Reform in 1993, basic education is for a period of nine years to the age of 15. According to the Constitution, compulsory education ends at 12.

 Peru

16
18

2

2009

(Work is legal at 15,16 if is authorised by legal guardian or parents)

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

16

0

1997

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

?
14?

2001

 Suriname

10?
14

2005

 Trinidad and Tobago

12

0

2004

 United States

16-19*
14-18*

2010

The school leaving age varies from state to state with most having a leaving age of 16 or 17, but a handful having a leaving age of above that number.[4] Students who complete a certain level of secondary education ("high school") may take a standardized test and be graduated from compulsory education, the General Equivalency Degree.  Gifted and talented students are also generally permitted by several states to accelerate their education so as to obtain a diploma prior to attaining the leaving age.  Young people may seek employment at 14 in many states but, in practice, most employers seek someone slightly older. However, it is common for those aged 14 (and even younger) to gain employment in agriculture. *Varies by State or Territory

 Uruguay

14
15

1

2006

 Venezuela

14

0

2007

text: Asia[edit]

text:
#

Country

De jure

Education/Employment gap

Year

Notes

School leaving age

Employment age

 Afghanistan

13
15

2

2010

 Armenia

?
14

2011

 Azerbaijan

?
15

2005

 Bahrain

15
14

-1

2010

 Bangladesh

10
14

4

2008

 Brunei

17
14

-3

2003

Compulsory Education in Brunei from Primary Education to Secondary Education. Tertiary Education is encouraged.

 Burma

?
13

2011

De facto none

 Cambodia

?
15

2010

 China

15
16

1

2012

Compulsory education lasts 9 years. School leaving age is calculated under the assumption that pupils will enroll in school at age 6 or graduate high school at age 18.

 Georgia

14
16

2

2007

 India

14
14?

2003

The Government is making a law of compulsory education up to 14 years. Any person who wishes to continue his education can continue to work.

 Hong Kong, China

15
16

1

2012

 Indonesia

15
13

-2

2018

The school leaving age varies among provinces with most having a leaving age of 15, but a handful having a leaving age of 18.

 Iran

16
15

-1

2003?

 Iraq

?
15

1996

 Israel

18
14

-4

2011?

The age of employment has been lowered, the school leaving age raised.

 Japan

15

0

2009

The vast majority (>90%) of Japanese students complete senior secondary education due to social pressures, despite the leaving age.

 Jordan

16

0

2006

 Lebanon

12
13

1

2005

 Mongolia

17
14

-3

2009

   Nepal

?
14

2004

 North Korea

16

0

2008

 South Korea

15

0

2011

The vast majority of Korean students complete senior secondary education due to social pressures as well as self-satisfaction, despite the leaving age.  Government assistance is available to families.

 Kuwait

15
14

-1

2012

 Malaysia

17
14

-3

2006?

Primary school is compulsory, followed by secondary school. 17 is the school leaving age; one may leave only after the release of Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia results for admission to the tertiary education. 14 is the minimum employment age. Under-aged people are not allowed to be employed or they risk fines by the Ministry of Human Resources.

 Maldives

?
14

2006

 Pakistan

10
14

4

2009?

Although the minimum age for leaving school is 10 years or primary, which means a 7 year education, the minimum age of employment is considered to be 14. The 14 years old can do only light work and not hazardous employment.

 Philippines

18
15

-3

2015

The implementation of the K-12 program (see Education in the Philippines) also signaled the raise of the school leaving age to 18.

 Saudi Arabia

15

0

2010?

A student may leave school after the age of 15 if permission of his/her father is given. Otherwise, the student must complete school until the age of 18. The employment age in a part-time job or during school holidays is 15.

 Singapore

16
15

-1

2010?

Primary school is compulsory, followed by secondary school. 16 is the school leaving age; one may leave only after the release of Singaporean GCE 'O' Level results for admission to polytechnics, junior colleges, Institute of Technical Education, or work. 15 is the minimum employment age. Under-aged people are not allowed to be employed or they risk fines by the Ministry of Manpower.

 Sri Lanka

16

0

2014

For further information http://www.moe.gov.lk/sinhala/images/publications/Education_First_SL/Education_First_SL.pdf

 Syria

15

0

2010

 Taiwan

18

0

2010?

 Tajikistan

16
14

-2

2009

 Thailand

15

0

2011

Students must complete secondary education up to Matthayom 3 and then have the choice of proceeding to upper secondary, vocational schools or dropping out, however due to social pressures most students finish their secondary education and proceed to Matthayom 6, matriculation or other forms of pre-university education.

 United Arab Emirates

18
21

3

2001

 Uzbekistan

18
16

-2

2012

 Vietnam

18
15

-3

2011?

Junior High schools are now compulsory, but in some mountainous regions, many children leave schools earlier to help their parents. The government is trying to reduce that happening. Children must be at least 15 to be legally employed.

 Yemen

?
14

2004

text: Europe[edit]

text:
#

Country

De jure

Education/Employment gap

Year

Notes

School leaving age

Employment age

 Andorra

16

0

2001

 Austria

15

0

2011

 Belarus

15
14

-1

2010

 Belgium

18
15

-3

2009?

Full-time education is compulsory from the age of 6 to 15. From the person's 16th to their 18th birthday, they are obliged to pursue at least part-time education so they have a choice between full-time or part-time education.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

?
15

2011

 Bulgaria

16

0

2007

 Croatia

15

0

2003

 Cyprus

15

0

2011

 Czech Republic

15

0

2010

 Denmark

16
13

-3

2010

 England

16/18
13-15 (part time light work) 16+ (full time)

2015[5]

Full-time employment is illegal before the last Friday in June of Year Eleven even if the child is already 16.[6] Part-time employment may be undertaken from 14 and in certain cases, for example delivering newspapers, at 13. Rules coming into application in 2011 require all young people to continue with some kind of education or training until 18. Young people aged 16 or 17 may leave school if they enter training or an apprenticeship.

 Estonia

15

0

2002

 Finland

16
15

-1

2010

Citizens must complete comprehensive school. The age of finishing it varies depending on the age of starting school (mostly 7) and years held back. Most graduate from comprehensive school at the age of 16. Pupils who have not finished comprehensive school by the age of 17 (which is marginal) may quit school. Post-secondary (tertiary) education is voluntary.

 France

16

0

2010

The statutory minimum school leaving age is 16. There are, however, a few specific cases where young people may enter employment before the age of 16, such as employment in the parents' company, sporadic work, or young people who have left school early taking up an apprenticeship at 15, to name a few.[7]

 Germany

18
(15)

-3

2003

The statutory minimum school leaving age is essentially set at 18.[8] The federal Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz (Youth Employment Protection Act) regulates the minimum employment age, which is set at 15.[9] However, from the person's 15th to their 18th birthday, they are obliged by state law to pursue at least part-time vocational secondary education, usually within the German dual education system. Some germans students leaving school at 17 and 6 months

 Greece

15

0

2011

 Hungary

16

0

2005

 Iceland

16

0

2010

 Ireland

16
(14)

-2

2000

The statutory minimum age is 16, except for those who have completed less than three years of secondary education, for whom it is 18.[10][11] The minimum working ages are: 14 during school holidays; 15 during term time; 16 for working up to 40 hours per week and 8 hours per day; 18 for working with no age-based restrictions.[10][12] Employees under 18 must be registered.[12] Exemptions may be specified by the Minister for Jobs; this has been done for close relatives.[12][13]

 Italy

16

0

2010

 Latvia

15

0

2005

 Liechtenstein

15

0

2005

 Lithuania

16

0

2011

 Luxembourg

18

0

1997

 Macedonia

18
15

-3

2009?

Compulsory secondary education starts year 2008 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 49 from 18 April 2007).

 Malta

16

0

2012

Although the compulsory education ends at 16, an increasing number of children opt to further their studies while taking up part-time employment.

 Moldova

16
15

-1

2008

 Monaco

16

0

2012

 Montenegro

15

0

2010

 Netherlands

18
13

-5

2014

Education is compulsory from the age of 5 to 18. Secondary education is divided in several levels, with vmbo students typically graduating at age 16, havo students at 17 and vwo students at 18. After obtaining a havo or vwo diploma, the student is no longer obligated to go to school regardless of their age. Except those students which have done vmbo, they must have a mbo level 2 or higher diploma before quitting school.
Also, all children between those ages, even if they're refugees or new, have to attend school.
Not attending school with-out proper reason for example; sickness or a doctors visit, is illegal and is seen as wagging which is seen as fraud and punishable by law. Until the age of 12 children cannot be punished by law, but as soon as your child or you turn 12 years of age or older, you can be held responsible for wagging.
Punishments can be done as a fine, temporary jail time or a community service job done under supervision. Fines can be up to € 3 900 00.
These punishments can be given to the student and/or his or her legal parent or guardian.

 Netherlands Antilles

15
12

-3

2010?

 Norway

16
15

-1

2009

 Northern Ireland

16
(15)

-1

2014[14]

 Poland

15-18*
15

2002

After graduating from an 8-year primary school (usually at the age of 14 or 15) one can leave school but is legally required to continue education up to the age of 18. However, this requirement can be satisfied through vocational training, without attending a school. This can be done as a part of employment, so technically the person leaves a school and works full-time.

 Portugal

18
16

-2

2009

 Romania

16
15

-1

2008?

 Russia

15

0

2004

 San Marino

16

0

2003

 Scotland

16
(13)

-3

2013[15]

Compulsory education ends usually after the age of 16 which is generally after fourth year though for some is halfway through fifth year usually. However, many students stay on to fifth and/or sixth year, where qualifications are gained for entry to university. Restrictions apply to working hours of those 13 to 16 year (i.e. maximum  hours, work permits, type of work) to ensure that employment fits round requirements of full-time education.

 Serbia

14
15

1

2007

 Slovakia

16
(14)

-2

2006?

From 14 to 17, only part-time jobs allowed.Student can leave school after 10 years of school attendance (usually 16 years) or when first school year after his/her 16th birthday is finished (whatever comes first). Most students continue until maturita exam in last year of high school (student is usually 18 at that time).

 Slovenia

15

0

2012

 Spain

16

0

2009

 Sweden

16

0

2004

  Switzerland

15

0

2001

 Ukraine

17
16

-1

2010

 Wales

16
(14)

-2

2013[16]

Full-time work starts at 16.

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
#

Country

De jure

Education/Employment gap

Year

Notes

School leaving age

Employment age

 Australia

15 or 17
11 for supervised work , 13 for easy work ' 14.5 for most jobs

2011

The minimum ages from 2009 will be the following:
Northern Territory - 15;
ACT - 15;
South Australia - 17;
Queensland - 17;  Students must remain in school until they turn 16 years of age or complete Year 10, which ever comes first.  From there they must be "learning or earning" which means they must be employed at least 25 hours a week, or be in full time education or be in a combination of both part time employment and part time education which adds up to at least 25 hours a week until they turn 17 or complete Year 12 or equivalent, which ever comes first.
Victoria - 17;
Western Australia - 15;
NSW - 17 (if they want to not do their HSC they need to be working at least 25 hours per week or at TAFE studying until they turn 17);
Tasmania - 17.

 Fiji

?
18

1996

 Marshall Islands

14
18

4

2005

 F.S. Micronesia

14
?

1996

 New Zealand

16

0

2010

Those at least 15 may leave school with permission from the Ministry of Education.

 Papua New Guinea

?

2003

 Palau

17
?

2000

 Solomon Islands

?
12

2002

text: School retention by country[edit]

text:
Country

2009OECD[17]

1986Michael Hill[18]

%-age infull-timeeducation(aged 15-19)

%-age infull-timeeducation(aged 17)

Minimum leavingagerequired

 Australia

78
50
15

 Austria

84
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Belgium

91
86
16

 Brazil

70
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Canada

80
79
15/16

 Czech Republic

93
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Denmark

89
75
16/17

 Estonia

89
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Finland

90
91
17

 France

90
80
16

 Germany

93
100
16

 Greece

88
55
14.5

 Hungary

93
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Iceland

88
41
15

 Ireland

83
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Israel

69
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Italy

84
46
14

 Japan

91
15

 Luxembourg

95
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Mexico

61
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Netherlands

90
87
16

 New Zealand

73
54
15

 Norway

81
76
16

OECD average

84
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Poland

94
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Portugal

85
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Slovak Republic

91
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Slovenia

94
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Spain

80
53
14

 Sweden

88
86
16

  Switzerland

85
83
15/16

 Turkey

56
N⁄A
N⁄A

 United Kingdom

78
49
16

 United States

85
89
17