document_title: List of Billboard Hot Country Songs chart achievements

question_text: female country artist with most number one hits

question_tokens: female country artist with most number one hits

root

text: List of Billboard Hot Country Songs chart achievements

text: Artist achievements[edit]

text: Most chart entries[edit]

text:
168 – George Jones[2]
146 – Eddy Arnold[3]
135 – Johnny Cash[4]
114 – George Strait[5]
111 – Dolly Parton[6]
109 – Ray Price[7]
108 – Hank Williams, Jr.[8]
105 – Merle Haggard[9]

tag: ul

text: Most Top 40 hits[edit]

text:
145 – George Jones
128 – Eddy Arnold
105 – Johnny Cash
98 – George Strait
93 – Merle Haggard

text: Most Top 10 singles[edit]

text:
92 – Eddy Arnold
86 – George Strait
78 – George Jones
75 – Conway Twitty
71 – Merle Haggard

text: Most consecutive top 10 hits from a career's start[edit]

text: BDS era (1990–present)[edit]

text:
37 – Keith Urban (2000–2017)
26 – Carrie Underwood (2006–2017)[10]
19 – Tracy Lawrence (1992–1997)

text: Most No. 1 hits[edit]

text:
44 — George Strait (last No. 1 on April 18, 2009)
40 – Conway Twitty (last No. 1 on September 6, 1986)
38 – Merle Haggard (last No. 1 on February 20, 1988)
35 – Ronnie Milsap (last No. 1 on December 23, 1989)
33 – Alabama (last No. 1 on June 4, 2011)
29 – Charley Pride (last No. 1 on September 17, 1983)
28 – Eddy Arnold (last No. 1 on October 19, 1968)
26 – Alan Jackson
26 – Tim McGraw
25 – Dolly Parton
25 – Reba McEntire

text: Most No. 1 hits – female[edit]

text:
25 – Dolly Parton
25 – Reba McEntire[11]
20 – Tammy Wynette
19 – Crystal Gayle
16 – Loretta Lynn
14 – Carrie Underwood
14 – The Judds
11 – Rosanne Cash

text: Most No. 1 hits in a calendar year[edit]

text:
5 – tie between two artists:

Eddy Arnold, 1948 with "Anytime," "Bouquet of Roses," "Texarkana Baby," "Just a Little Lovin' (Will Go a Long, Long Way)" and "A Heart Full of Love (For a Handful of Kisses)."
Charlie Rich, 1974 with "There Won't Be Anymore," "A Very Special Love Song," "I Don't See Me in Your Eyes Anymore," "I Love My Friend" and "She Called Me Baby."

text: Note: Eddy Arnold's feat does not count "I'll Hold You in My Heart (Til I Can Hold You In My Arms)," which began its 21-week run at No. 1 in November 1947 and remained there well into 1948.

tag: p

text: Most consecutive years charting a number-one single[edit]

text:
Number of
years
Artist
First number-one hit and week
Final number-one hit and final week

19

George Strait
"Fool Hearted Memory"
(August 28, 1982)
"The Best Day"
(May 6, 2000)

16

Ronnie Milsap
"Pure Love"
(June 8, 1974)
"A Woman in Love"
(December 23, 1989)

14

Alan Jackson
"I'd Love You All Over Again"
(March 9, 1991)
"Remember When"
(February 14, 2004)

Alabama
"Tennessee River"
(August 16, 1980)
"Reckless"
(November 27, 1993)

tag: table

text: Most consecutive No. 1 hits[edit]

text:
Streak
Artist
First No. 1 and year
Last No. 1 and year
Streak-breaking song

21
Alabama
"Tennessee River"
(August 1980)
"'You've Got' The Touch"
(April 1987)
"Tar Top"
(No. 7 in November 1987)

16
Earl Thomas Conley
"Your Love's on the Line"
(August 1983)
"Love Out Loud"
(June 1989)
"You Must Not Be Drinking Enough"
(No. 26 in October 1989)

16
Sonny James
"Need You"
(May 1967)
"Here Comes Honey Again"
(November 1971)
"Only Love Can Break a Heart"
(No. 2 in March 1972)

15
Buck Owens
"Act Naturally"
(June 1963)
"Your Tender Loving Care"
(September 1967)
"It Takes People Like You (To Make People Like Me)"
(No. 2 in January 1968)

text: Most weeks at No. 1[edit]

text:
145 – Eddy Arnold
111 – Webb Pierce
84 – George Strait
82 – Buck Owens
82 – Hank Williams with His Drifting Cowboys

text: Self-replacement at No. 1[edit]

text: Eddy Arnold holds the record, scoring five straight No. 1 songs in 1947–1948 without being replaced by another artist. The songs were:

text:
"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You In My Arms)" (21 weeks)
"Anytime" (9 weeks)
"Bouquet of Roses" (18 weeks Jukebox, 19 weeks Best Seller)
"Texarkana Baby" (3 weeks Jukebox, 1 week Best Seller)
"Just A Little Lovin' (Will Go a Long, Long Way)" (8 weeks Jukebox, 4 weeks Best Seller).

text:
Year
Artist
No. 1 song
Replaced by

1944
Al Dexter
"So Long Pal" (13 weeks)
"Too Late To Worry, Too Blue to Cry" (2 weeks)

1949
Jimmy Wakely
"One Has My Name" (11 weeks Best Seller)
"I Love You So Much It Hurts" (3 weeks Best Seller)

1950
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
"I'm Moving On" (21 weeks Best Seller)
"The Golden Rocket" (2 weeks Best Seller)

1952
Carl Smith
"Let Old Mother Nature Have Her Way" (6 weeks Best Seller)
"When You Feel Like You're in Love (Don't Just Stand There)" (5 weeks Best Seller)

1953
Hank Williams with His Drifting Cowboys
"Kaw-Liga" (13 weeks best seller, 8 weeks Jockey and juke boxes)
"Your Cheatin' Heart" (6 weeks Jockey, 2 weeks Jukebox)

1954
Webb Pierce
"There Stands The Glass" (12 weeks Best Seller)
"Slowly" (17 weeks Best Seller)

1955
Webb Pierce
"In The Jailhouse Now" (20 weeks Best Seller)
"I Don't Care" (12 weeks Best Seller)

1956
Elvis Presley
"I Forgot To Remember to Forget" (5 weeks Jukebox, 2 weeks Best Seller)
"Heartbreak Hotel" (17 weeks Best Seller, 13 weeks Jukebox, 12 weeks Jockey)

1956
Elvis Presley
"Heartbreak Hotel" (17 weeks Best Seller)
"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You" (2 weeks Best Seller)

1964
Buck Owens
"My Heart Skips a Beat" (7 weeks)
"Together Again" (2 weeks)

1982
Willie Nelson
"Always on My Mind" (2 weeks)
"Just to Satisfy You" (duet with Waylon Jennings, 2 weeks)

2002
Tim McGraw
"The Cowboy in Me" (1 week)
"Bring on the Rain" (duet with Jo Dee Messina, 1 week)

2014
Luke Bryan
"This Is How We Roll" (duet with Florida Georgia Line, 6 weeks)
"Play It Again" (9 weeks)

text: Longest span between first and most recent No. 1 hits[edit]

text:
Span
Artist
First No. 1 song and date
Most recent No. 1 song and date

35 years, 1 month
Dolly Parton
"Joshua" (February 1971)
"When I Get Where I'm Going"
(March 2006, duet with Brad Paisley)

30 years, 9 months
Alabama
"Tennessee River" (August 1980)
"Old Alabama"
(June 2011, duet with Brad Paisley)

29 years, 1 month
Johnny Cash
"I Walk the Line" (July 1956)
"Highwayman"
(August 1985, as part of The Highwaymen)

28 years
Reba McEntire
"Can't Even Get the Blues" (January 1983)
"Turn on the Radio" (January 2011)

27 years, 9 months
Willie Nelson
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" (October 1975)
"Beer for My Horses"
(June 2003, duet with Toby Keith)

26 years, 7 months
George Strait
"Fool Hearted Memory" (August 1982)
"River of Love" (April 2009)

text: Artists who have appeared in the Top 40 in at least five different decades[edit]

text:
Artists
Decades
Years

7 decades

George Jones
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1955–2013

6 decades

Dolly Parton
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1967–2016

5 decades

Eddy Arnold
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
1945–1982

Hank Thompson
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
1948–1980

Ernest Tubb*
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
1944–1983

Johnny Cash
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s
1955–1990

Elvis Presley
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 2000s
1955–2009

Willie Nelson
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
1962–2003

Glen Campbell
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2010s
1962–2014

Kenny Rogers
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
1969–2006

Hank Williams Jr.
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
1964–2006

Reba McEntire
1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1978–2017

Alabama
1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1979–2011

text: Artists who have hit No. 1 posthumously[edit]

text:
Hank WilliamsA (d. January 1, 1953) – with His Drifting Cowboys, scored four of his 11 career No. 1 songs after his death: "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive," "Kaw-Liga," "Your Cheatin' Heart" and "Take These Chains From My Heart," all 1953; "Kaw-Liga" was the No. 1 song of 1953
Betty Jack Davis (d. August 2, 1953) – As a member of The Davis Sisters, went to No. 1 with "I Forgot More Than You'll Ever Know" in late 1953.
Johnny Horton (d. November 5, 1960) – "North to Alaska" (1961).
Hawkshaw Hawkins (d. March 5, 1963) – "Lonesome 7-7203" (1963).
Jim ReevesA (d. July 31, 1964) – Had six No. 1 songs after his death: "I Guess I'm Crazy" (1964); "This Is It" and "Is It Really Over" (1965); "Distant Drums" and "Blue Side of Lonesome" (1966); and "I Won't Come In While He's Here" (1967).
Elvis PresleyA, B (d. August 16, 1977) – "Guitar Man" (1981).
Keith WhitleyA (d. May 9, 1989) – "I Wonder Do You Think of Me" (1989) and "It Ain't Nothin'" (1990).

text: Age records[edit]

text: Youngest male[edit]

text:
Artist with a top 40 hit — The youngest solo artist was Billy Gilman, who was 12 years, 3 months in September 2000 when he reached No. 20 with "One Voice." Overall, the youngest artist is Bobby Bare, Jr., who was 7 years, 6 months old in December 1973 when he charted with his father, Bobby Bare, on "Daddy What If?" (an eventual No. 2 hit).
Artist with a No. 1 hit – Phil Everly, who was 18 years, 6 months in July 1957 when, as a member of the Everly Brothers, reached the top with "Bye Bye Love." When solo acts are considered, Hunter Hayes was the youngest at 21 years old in September 2012 when he reached No. 1 with "Wanted."

text: Oldest male[edit]

text:
Artist with a top 40 hit – George Burns, who was 84 years old in March 1980 when he peaked in the Top 15 with "I Wish I Was Eighteen Again." When the entire chart is considered, Eddy Arnold is the oldest, at age 89, when he peaked at No. 49 in 2008 with "To Life."
Artist with a No. 1 hit – Willie Nelson, who was 70 years, 1 month and 2 weeks when he hit No. 1 with "Beer for My Horses", a duet with 41-year-old Toby Keith on June 14, 2003.

text: Youngest female[edit]

text:
Artist with a top 40 hit – Ashley Gearing, who was 7003442100000000000♠12 years, 38 days old (to become the youngest solo female vocalist) when she hit with "Can You Hear Me When I Talk to You?", which peaked at No. 37 in 2003.[12] Overall, the honor goes to Tina Denise Byrd, who was 8 or 9 years old when her duet with stepfather George Jones "The Telephone Call" (credited as "Tina and Daddy") peaked at No. 25 in the spring of 1974.
Artist with a No. 1 hit – Marie Osmond, who was 7003514200000000000♠14 years, 28 days old when she hit with "Paper Roses" on November 10, 1973.

text: Oldest female[edit]

text: Artist with a No. 1 hit – Dolly Parton, who was 7004219590000000000♠60 years, 44 days old when she hit with "When I Get Where I'm Going". a duet with then-33-year-old Brad Paisley, on March 4, 2006. Reba McEntire has the distinction of being the oldest female to have a solo #1, being 7004203680000000000♠55 years, 279 days old when "Turn on the Radio" went No. 1 on January 1, 2011. Reba also became the oldest female artist with a top 40 hit when her song "Just Like Them Horses" debuted at No. 37 for the week of February 13, 2016[13] when she was 60 years, 10 months, and 14 days old. Dolly was 59 years, 8 months, and 27 days old when "When I Get Where I'm Going" cracked the Top 40 for the week of October 15, 2005.[14]

text: Other selected achievements[edit]

text:
The record for the longest wait from an artist's Hot Country Songs debut entry to its first No. 1 belongs to Jimmy Buffett, with 30 years, 3 months between the first time he entered the chart with "The Great Filling Station Holdup" on May 12, 1973, and "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere" (a duet with Alan Jackson) reaching No. 1 on August 9, 2003. Also, at age 56 years and 7 months, Buffett became the oldest artist to have his first No. 1 song with "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere."
At approximately 63 years, Eddy Arnold has the longest overall span of singles on the Hot Country Songs chart – from first to most recent – by a living artist. He first hit the charts in 1945 with "Each Night Seems Like a Million Years," while his last hit, "To Life," was on the charts shortly before his death in 2008.
The artist having the longest gap between two No. 1 songs on the Hot Country Singles chart was Elvis Presley. On December 2, 1957, Presley reached No. 1 for the seventh time with "Jailhouse Rock." He did not have his eighth No. 1 hit on the country chart until February 19, 1977, with "Moody Blue," a span of 19 years, two months and two weeks.

text: The songs[edit]

text: Most weeks at No. 1*[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
Weeks
Song
Artist
Year

34
"Body Like a Back Road"
Sam Hunt
2017

24
"Cruise"
Florida Georgia Line
2013

21
"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)"
Eddy Arnold
1947

21
"I'm Movin' On"
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
1950

21
"In the Jailhouse Now"
Webb Pierce
1955

20
"I Don't Hurt Anymore"
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
1954

20
"Crazy Arms"
Ray Price
1956

19
"Bouquet of Roses"
Eddy Arnold
1948

19
"Walk on By"
Leroy Van Dyke
1961

18
"H.O.L.Y."
Florida Georgia Line
2016

17
"Slippin' Around"
Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
1949

17
"Slowly"
Webb Pierce
1954

17
"Heartbreak Hotel"
Elvis Presley
1956

17
"Die a Happy Man"
Thomas Rhett
2015–2016

text: By decade*[edit]

text:
Decade
Song
Artist
Weeks
Year

1940s
"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)"
Eddy Arnold
21
1947

1950s
"I'm Movin' On"
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
21
1950

"In the Jailhouse Now"
Webb Pierce
21
1955

1960s
"Walk on By"
Leroy Van Dyke
19
1961

1970s
"My Hang-Up Is You"
Freddie Hart
6
1972

"Convoy"
C.W. McCall
6
1976

"Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)"
Waylon Jennings
6
1977

1980s
"Coward of the County"
Kenny Rogers
3
1980

"My Heart"
Ronnie Milsap
3
1980

"Lookin' for Love"
Johnny Lee
3
1980

"Forever and Ever, Amen"
Randy Travis
3
1987

1990s
"Amazed"
Lonestar
8
1999

2000s
"It's Five O'Clock Somewhere"
Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett
8
2003

2010s
"Body Like a Back Road"
Sam Hunt
34
2017

text: Most weeks at No. 2[edit]

text:
Weeks
Song
Artist
Year
Blocked To No. 1 By

17
"In Case You Didn't Know"
Brett Young
2017
Body Like a Back Road (Sam Hunt)

15
"Making Believe"
Kitty Wells
1955
In the Jailhouse Now (Webb Pierce)

11
"Temptation (Tim-Tayshun)"
Red Ingle and His Magnificent Seven
1947

11
"Break Up in a Small Town"
Sam Hunt
2015–2016
Die a Happy Man (Thomas Rhett)

10
"Cruise"
Florida Georgia Line
2012

10
"Take Your Time"
Sam Hunt
2014
Girl Crush (Little Big Town)

9
"Sioux City Sue"
Zeke Manners
1946

9
"I Ain't Never"
Webb Pierce
1959
The Three Bells (The Browns)

8
"Never Trust a Woman"
Tex Williams and His Western Caravan
1948
I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms) (Eddy Arnold)

8
"One More Time"
Ray Price
1960
He'll Have to Go (Jim Reeves)

8
"Foolin' Around"
Buck Owens
1961
North to Alaska (Johnny Horton)

8
"Remember When"
Alan Jackson
2004

8
"Dirt"
Florida Georgia Line
2014

7
"Just Call Me Lonesome"
Eddy Arnold
1955
I Don't Care (Webb Pierce)

7
"Yes, I Know Why"
Webb Pierce
1956
Sixteen Tons (Tennessee Ernie Ford)

7
"Lesson in Leavin'"
Jo Dee Messina
1999
Amazed (Lonestar)

7
"I Go Back"
Kenny Chesney
2004
Live Like You Were Dying (Tim McGraw)

7
"Wagon Wheel"
Darius Rucker
2013

7
"Boys 'Round Here"
Blake Shelton
2013
Cruise (Florida Georgia Line)

text: Most total charted weeks[edit]

text:
Weeks
Song
Artist
Years

66
"Cruise"
Florida Georgia Line
2012–2013

56
"Love Like Crazy"
Lee Brice
2009–2010

56
"Wanted"
Hunter Hayes
2012–2013

54
"Bouquet of Roses"
Eddy Arnold
1948–1949

53
"Voices"
Chris Young
2008, 2010–2011

52
"Fräulein"
Bobby Helms
1957–1958

52
"Hurricane"
Luke Combs
2016–2017

51
"Let It Rain"
David Nail featuring Sarah Buxton
2011–2012

51
"In Case You Didn't Know"
Brett Young
2016–2017

text: Songs that have hit No. 1 by multiple artists[edit]

text: Three times[edit]

text: "She (He) Thinks I Still Care" – George Jones (1962), Anne Murray (1974) and Elvis Presley (1977, flip side to "Moody Blue")

text: Two times[edit]

text:
"Pistol Packin' Mama" – Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters, and Al Dexter (both 1944)
"Smoke on the Water" – Red Foley (1944) and Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (1945)
"Shame on You" – Spade Cooley, and Lawrence Welk Orchestra with Red Foley (both 1945)
"Slippin' Around" – Ernest Tubb, and Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely (both 1949)
"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes" – Slim Willet and Skeets McDonald (both 1952)
"I Don't Care" – Webb Pierce (1955) and Ricky Skaggs (1982)
"Why Baby Why" – Webb Pierce and Red Sovine (1956), and Charley Pride (1983)
"Heartbreak Hotel" – Elvis Presley (1956), and Willie Nelson and Leon Russell (1979)
"City Lights" – Ray Price (1958) and Mickey Gilley (1975)
"She's Got You" – Patsy Cline (1962) and Loretta Lynn (1977)
"Together Again" – Buck Owens (1964) and Emmylou Harris (1976)
"It's Just a Matter of Time" – Sonny James (1970) and Randy Travis (1989)
"(Lost Her/His Love on Our) Last Date" – Conway Twitty (1972) and Emmylou Harris (1983)
"That's the Way Love Goes" – Johnny Rodriguez (1974) and Merle Haggard (1984)
"It Must Be Love" – Don Williams (1979) and Alan Jackson (2000)

text: In addition[edit]

text: Songs that reached No. 1 on both the country and all-genre charts[edit]

text:
Song
Artist
Date topped country chart/weeks at No. 1*
Date topped all-genre chart/weeks at No. 1*

"Pistol Packin' Mama"
Al Dexter
February 5, 1944
(3 weeks)
October 30, 1943
(8 weeks)

"Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)"
Tex Williams and His Western Caravan
July 19, 1947
(16 weeks)
August 9, 1947
(6 weeks)

"Slippin' Around"
Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
October 8, 1949
(17 weeks)
November 12, 1949
(3 weeks)

"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
Gene Autry
January 7, 1950
(1 week)
January 7, 1950
(1 week)

"Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy"
Red Foley
January 20, 1950
(12 weeks)
February 16, 1950
(4 weeks)

"Slow Poke"
Pee Wee King and His Golden West Cowboys (feat. Redd Stewart)
November 3, 1951
(15 weeks)
January 5, 1952
(3 weeks)

"Sixteen Tons"
Tennessee Ernie Ford
December 17, 1955
(10 weeks)
November 26, 1955
(8 weeks)

"Heartbreak Hotel"/"I Was The One"
Elvis Presley
March 17, 1956
(17 weeks)
April 21, 1956
(8 weeks)

"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You"/"My Baby Left Me"
Elvis Presley
July 14, 1956
(2 weeks)
July 28, 1956
(1 week)

"Don't Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog"
Elvis Presley
September 15, 1956
(10 weeks)
August 18, 1956
(11 weeks)

"Young Love"
Sonny James
February 2, 1957
(9 weeks)
February 16, 1957
(1 week)

"All Shook Up"
Elvis Presley
May 13, 1957
(1 week)
April 13, 1957
(9 weeks)

"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"
Elvis Presley
August 5, 1957 (1 week)
July 8, 1957
(7 weeks)

"Wake Up Little Susie"
Everly Brothers
October 14, 1957 (7 weeks)
October 14, 1957
(4 weeks)

"Jailhouse Rock"/"Treat Me Nice"
Elvis Presley
December 2, 1957 (1 week)
October 21, 1957
(7 weeks)

"All I Have to Do Is Dream"/"Claudette"
Everly Brothers
June 2, 1958
(3 weeks)
May 12, 1958
(4 weeks)

"Bird Dog/"Devoted To You"
Everly Brothers
September 8, 1958
(6 weeks)
August 25, 1958
(1 week)

"The Battle of New Orleans"
Johnny Horton
May 18, 1959
(10 weeks)
June 1, 1959
(6 weeks)

"The Three Bells (Les Trois Cloches)"
The Browns
August 31, 1959
(10 weeks)
August 24, 1959
(4 weeks)

"El Paso"
Marty Robbins
December 21, 1959
(7 weeks)
January 4, 1960
(2 weeks)

"Big Bad John"
Jimmy Dean
November 20, 1961
(2 weeks)
November 6, 1961
(5 weeks)

"Honey"
Bobby Goldsboro
May 25, 1968
(3 weeks)
April 13, 1968
(5 weeks)

"Harper Valley PTA"
Jeannie C. Riley
September 28, 1968
(3 weeks)
September 21, 1968
(1 week)

"The Most Beautiful Girl"
Charlie Rich
November 24, 1973
(3 weeks)
December 15, 1973
(2 weeks)

"I Can Help"
Billy Swan
December 14, 1974
(2 weeks)
November 23, 1974
(2 weeks)

"(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song"
B.J. Thomas
May 17, 1975
(1 week)
April 26, 1975
(1 week)

"Before the Next Teardrop Falls"
Freddy Fender
March 15, 1975
(2 weeks)
May 31, 1975
(1 week)

"Thank God I'm a Country Boy"
John Denver
May 31, 1975
(1 week)
June 7, 1975
(1 week)

"Rhinestone Cowboy"
Glen Campbell
August 23, 1975
(3 weeks)
September 6, 1975
(2 weeks)

"I'm Sorry"
John Denver
November 8, 1975
(1 week)
September 27, 1975
(1 week)

"Convoy"
C.W. McCall
December 20, 1975
(6 weeks)
January 10, 1976
(1 week)

"Southern Nights"
Glen Campbell
March 19, 1977
(2 weeks)
April 30, 1977
(1 week)

"Lady"
Kenny Rogers
November 22, 1980
(1 week)
November 15, 1980
(6 weeks)

"I Love a Rainy Night"
Eddie Rabbitt
January 17, 1981
(1 week)
February 28, 1981
(2 weeks)

"9 to 5"
Dolly Parton
January 24, 1981
(1 week)
February 21, 1981
(2 weeks)

"Islands in the Stream"
Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton
October 29, 1983
(2 weeks)
October 29, 1983
(2 weeks)

"Amazed"
Lonestar
July 17, 1999
(8 weeks)
March 4, 2000
(2 weeks)

"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together"
Taylor Swift
October 20, 2012
(10 weeks)
September 1, 2012
(3 weeks)

text: *Note: For pre-1958 songs, the most weeks spent atop any one of the component charts is considered

text: The charts[edit]

text: Most and fewest No. 1s in a given year[edit]

text:
Most: (tie) 1985 and 1986, when 51 different No. 1 songs peaked in each year.*
Fewest: 1960, when just four different songs (five, if "El Paso" by Marty Robbins is counted) topped the chart. Each of the new No. 1 songs that year spent 10 or more weeks atop the chart.[18]

text: Biggest jump to No. 1[edit]

text: Early Billboard Country Charts (1944–1958)[edit]

text:
"Guitar Polka" – Al Dexter – (1946) – debuted at No. 1
"Chattanooga Shoeshine Boy" – Red Foley – (1950) – debuted at No. 1
"Kaw Liga" – Hank Williams with His Drifting Cowboys – (1953) – debuted at No. 1

text: Early Hot Country Singles era (1958–1973)[edit]

text: 19 to 1 - "Daddy Sang Bass" - Johnny Cash - (1969).

text: 1973 to inception of BDS in 1990[edit]

text: 12 to 1 – "Convoy" – C.W. McCall (December 20, 1975)

text: BDS-era (1990–2012)[edit]

text: 9 to 1 – "Keep It Between the Lines" – Ricky Van Shelton (October 12, 1991)

text: Digital era (2012–present)[edit]

text: 42 to 1 – "Burnin' It Down" – Jason Aldean (August 9, 2014)

text: Biggest fall from No. 1[edit]

text: Billboard Country Charts (1944–present)[edit]

text:
1 to off the chart (tie)

"Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" – Gene Autry (January 14, 1950).
"Blue Christmas" – Ernest Tubb (January 14, 1950).

text: Prior to inception of BDS in 1990[edit]

text:
1 to 43 (tie)

"Feels So Right" – Alabama (August 1, 1981)[19]
"Tight Fittin' Jeans" – Conway Twitty (October 3, 1981)[20]

1 to 47

"You Don't Know Me" – Mickey Gilley Billboard (Sept. 26, 1981)[21]

text: BDS era (1990–2012)[edit]

text: 1 to 16 – "Mi Vida Loca (My Crazy Life)" – Pam Tillis (February 18, 1995)

text: Digital era (2012–present)[edit]

text: * 1 to off the chart: "My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face" – Craig Wayne Boyd (January 10, 2015).

text: Quickest climb to No. 1[edit]

text: Airplay/sales hybrid era (1958–1990)[edit]

text: 4 weeks – "Convoy" by C.W. McCall (December 20, 1975)

text: Airplay-only era (1990–2012)[edit]

text:
5 weeks (tie):

"Shameless" by Garth Brooks (November 16, 1991)
"It's Your Love" by Tim McGraw and Faith Hill (June 7, 1997)
"Have You Forgotten?" by Darryl Worley (April 5, 2003)

text: Note: These exclude Garth Brooks' "More Than a Memory" (see below), which debuted at #1.

text: Airplay/sales/streaming hybrid era (2012-present)[edit]

text:
2 weeks – "Dirt" by Florida Georgia Line (July 26, 2014)
2 weeks – "Burnin' It Down" by Jason Aldean (August 9, 2014)
2 weeks – "Body Like a Back Road" by Sam Hunt (February 25, 2017)
3 weeks – "That's My Kind of Night" by Luke Bryan (August 31, 2013)

text: Slowest climb to No. 1[edit]

text: 51 weeks — "Voices" by Chris Young (February 19, 2011)

text: Highest chart debut[edit]

text: Since the introduction of the 100-position chart in 1973[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
1 – "More Than a Memory" – Garth Brooks (September 15, 2007)
1 – "My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face" – Craig Wayne Boyd (January 3, 2015)
1 – "Forever Country" – Artists of Then, Now & Forever (October 8, 2016)
1 – " Meant To Be" – Bebe Rexha & Florida Georgia Line (December 16, 2017)
2 – "Red" – Taylor Swift (October 20, 2012)
2 – "Vice" – Miranda Lambert (August 6, 2016)

text: Male artists[edit]

text:
1 – "More Than a Memory" – Garth Brooks (September 15, 2007)
1 – "My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face" – Craig Wayne Boyd (January 3, 2015)
2 – "Body Like a Back Road" – Sam Hunt (February 18, 2017)
13 – "Feel Like a Rock Star" – Kenny Chesney and Tim McGraw (April 21, 2012)
13 – "Highway Don't Care" – Tim McGraw and Taylor Swift (February 23, 2013)
16 – "Don't Blink" – Kenny Chesney (September 8, 2007)

text: Female artists[edit]

text:
1 – " Meant To Be" – Bebe Rexha & Florida Georgia Line (December 16, 2017)
2 – "Red" – Taylor Swift (October 20, 2012)
2 – "Vice" – Miranda Lambert (August 6, 2016)
3 – "Over You" – Cassadee Pope (December 8, 2012)
4 – "Stupid Boy" – Cassadee Pope (December 29, 2012)

text: Group artists[edit]

text:
9 – "Better Dig Two" – The Band Perry (November 17, 2012)
22 – "Day Drinking" – Little Big Town (June 21, 2014)
24 – "Take Me There" – Rascal Flatts (July 21, 2007)

text: Duo artists[edit]

text:
24 – "That's Why I Pray" – Big & Rich (June 9, 2012)
27 – "All I Want to Do" – Sugarland (June 7, 2008)
30 – "My Maria" – Brooks & Dunn (April 6, 1996)

text: Most year-end No. 1 songs of the year[edit]

text: 3 – Tim McGraw (1997, 1998, 2004)

text: 2 – Bill Anderson (1963, 1969)

text: Other selected achievements[edit]

text:
On the chart for November 4, 1957, the Nos. 1 and 2 songs on the country, Billboard Hot 100, and R&B charts are identical: Elvis Presley's "Jailhouse Rock" and the Everly Brothers' "Wake Up Little Susie." In addition, the No. 6 hit on the Hot 100 and R&B charts – Jimmie Rodgers' "Honeycomb" – is also climbing the country chart.[22]
On the chart for the week of April 19, 1980, for the only time in history, the top 5 positions of the Hot Country Singles chart were held by female singers (or in one case, a female as part of a duet pairing). The Top 5 from that week was:

text:
"It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" by Crystal Gayle
"A Lesson in Leavin'" by Dottie West
"Are You on the Road to Lovin' Me Again" by Debby Boone
"Beneath Still Waters" by Emmylou Harris
"Two Story House" by Tammy Wynette (duet with George Jones)[23]

tag: ol

text: To date, the only song to be named the No. 1 song of the year on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot Country singles chart is "The Battle of New Orleans" in 1959. Two songs that were the No. 1 country song of the year were No. 2 on the year-end Hot 100: "I Fall to Pieces" by Patsy Cline in 1961, and "Rhinestone Cowboy" by Glen Campbell in 1975.

text: The albums[edit]

text: Most songs from an album[edit]

text: From Come on Over by Shania Twain[24]

text:
"Love Gets Me Every Time" (#1)
"Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)" (#6)
"You're Still the One" (#1)
"From This Moment On" (#6)
"Honey, I'm Home" (#1)
"That Don't Impress Me Much" (#8)
"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!" (#4)
"You've Got a Way" (#13)
"Come on Over" (#6)
"Rock This Country!" (#30)
"I'm Holdin' on to Love (to Save My Life)" (#17)

text: From Red by Taylor Swift

text:
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" (#1)
"Begin Again" (#10)
"Red" (#2)
"I Almost Do" (#13)
"All Too Well" (#17)
"Stay Stay Stay" (#24)
"Treacherous" (#26)
"Starlight" (#28)
"Holy Ground" (#32)
"The Lucky One" (#33)
"Sad Beautiful Tragic" (#37)

text: From Here's to the Good Times by Florida Georgia Line

text:
"Cruise" (#1)
"Get Your Shine On" (#5)
"Here's to the Good Times" (#33)
"Round Here" (#3)
"Stay" (#1)
"Dayum, Baby" (#49)
"This Is How We Roll" (#1)
"Take It Out on Me" (#32)
"Hands on You" (#33)
"Headphones" (#39)
"People Back Home" (#42)

text: Most number one songs from an album[edit]

text: Male[edit]

text: From Diamonds & Dirt by Rodney Crowell

text:
"It's Such a Small World" (duet with Rosanne Cash)
"I Couldn't Leave You If I Tried"
"She's Crazy for Leavin'"
"After All This Time"
"Above and Beyond"

text: From 5th Gear by Brad Paisley

text:
"Ticks"
"Online"
"Letter to Me"
"I'm Still a Guy"
"Waitin' on a Woman" (on re-release only)

text: Female[edit]

text: From King's Record Shop by Rosanne Cash

text:
"The Way We Make a Broken Heart"
"If You Change Your Mind"
"Tennessee Flat Top Box"
"Runaway Train"

text: From The Woman in Me by Shania Twain

text:
"Any Man of Mine"
"(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!"
"You Win My Love"
"No One Needs to Know"

text: From Carnival Ride by Carrie Underwood

text:
"So Small"
"All-American Girl"
"Last Name"
"Just a Dream"

text: Group[edit]

text: From Roll On by Alabama:

text:
"Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)"
"When We Make Love"
"If You're Gonna Play in Texas (You Gotta Have a Fiddle in the Band)"
"(There's A) Fire in the Night"

text: From Southern Star by Alabama:

text:
"Song of the South"
"If I Had You"
"High Cotton"
"Southern Star"

text: From Lonely Grill by Lonestar:

text:
"Amazed"
"Smile"
"What About Now"
"Tell Her"

text: From The Foundation by Zac Brown Band:

text:
"Chicken Fried"
"Toes"
"Highway 20 Ride"
"Free"

text: From You Get What You Give by Zac Brown Band:

text:
"As She's Walking Away" (duet with Alan Jackson)
"Colder Weather"
"Knee Deep" (duet with Jimmy Buffett)
"Keep Me in Mind"

text: Duo[edit]

text: From Why Not Me by The Judds:

text:
"Mama He's Crazy"
"Why Not Me"
"Girls' Night Out"
"Love Is Alive"

text: From Rockin' with the Rhythm by The Judds:

text:
"Have Mercy"
"Grandpa (Tell Me 'Bout the Good Ol' Days)"
"Rockin' with the Rhythm of the Rain"
"Cry Myself to Sleep"

text: From Brand New Man by Brooks & Dunn

text:
"Brand New Man"
"My Next Broken Heart"
"Neon Moon"
"Boot Scootin' Boogie"

text: Most year-end No. 1 albums[edit]

text: 4 – Garth Brooks (1991, 1992, 1995, 1998)

text:
3 – Willie Nelson (1976, 1978, 1982)
2 – Alabama (1983, 1985)


document_title: Uranium mining in the United States

question_text: where does the united states get most of its uranium

question_tokens: where does the united states get most of its uranium

text: Uranium mining in the United States

text: History[edit]

text: While uranium is used primarily for nuclear power, uranium mining had its roots in the production of radium-bearing ore from 1898 from the mining of uranium-vanadium sandstone deposits in western Colorado. The 1950s saw a boom in uranium mining in the western U.S., spurred by the fortunes made by prospectors such as Charlie Steen. The United States was the world's leading producer of uranium from 1953 until 1980. In 1960 annual U.S. production peaked at 17,055 metric tons U3O8. Until the early 1980s, there were active uranium mines in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.[3]

text: Price declines in the late 1970s and early 1980s forced the closure of numerous mines. Most uranium ore in the United States comes from deposits in sandstone, which tend to be of lower grade than those of Australia and Canada. Because of the lower grade, many uranium deposits in the United States became uneconomic when the price of uranium declined sharply in the late 1970s. By 2001, there were only three operating uranium mines (all in-situ leaching operations) in the United States. Annual production reached a low of 779 metric tons of uranium oxide in 2003, but then more than doubled in three years to 1672 metric tons in 2006, from 10 mines.[4] The U.S. DOE's Energy Information Administration reported that 90% of U.S. uranium production in 2006 came from in-situ leaching.[5]

text: The average spot price of uranium oxide (U3O8) increased from $7.92 per pound in 2001 to $39.48 per pound ($87.04/kg) in 2006.[6] In 2011 the United States mined 9% of the uranium consumed by its nuclear power plants.[7] The remainder was imported, principally from Russia and Kazakhstan (38%), Canada, and Australia.[8][9][10] Although uranium production has declined to low levels, the United States has the fourth-largest uranium resource in the world, behind Australia, Canada, and Kazakhstan.[9] United States uranium reserves are strongly dependent on price. At $50 per pound U3O8, reserves are estimated to be 539 million pounds; however, at a price of $100 per pound, reserves are an estimated 1227 million pounds.[11] Rising uranium prices since 2001 have increased interest in uranium mining in Arizona, Colorado, Texas and Utah.[12][13] The states with the largest known uranium ore reserves (not counting byproduct uranium from phosphate) are (in order) Wyoming, New Mexico, and Colorado.[14]

text: The radiation hazards of uranium mining and milling were not appreciated in the early years, resulting in workers being exposed to high levels of radiation. Inhalation of radon gas caused sharp increases in lung cancers among underground uranium miners employed in the 1940s and 1950s.[15][16][17] In 1950, the US Public Health service began a comprehensive study of uranium miners, leading to the first publication of a statistical correlation between cancer and uranium mining, released in 1962.[18] In 1969, the federal government regulated the standard amount of radon in mines.[19] In 1990, Congress passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), granting reparations for those affected by mining.[18] Out of 50 present and former uranium milling sites in 12 states, 24 have been abandoned, and are the responsibility of the US Department of Energy.[20]

text: By state[edit]

text: Alabama[edit]

text: Uranium in Alabama is found in the Coosa Block of the Northern Alabama Piedmont. Metamorphic uranium occurrences have been found in the Higgins Ferry Group in Coosa and Clay Counties. Some exploration has been done, but no economic deposits have been found to date.

text: Alaska[edit]

text: Uranium was discovered at the Ross-Adams deposit in 1955 by an airborne gamma radiation survey. The deposit is at Bokan Mountain on Prince of Wales Island. The principal ore mineral was uranothorite, which occurred in veinlets in granite. Accessory minerals were primarily hematite and calcite, with lesser amounts of fluorite, pyrite, galena, quartz, and rare earth minerals. The first mining was done in 1957, when ore was removed from an open pit 25 to 75 feet (8 to 23 m) wide, 370 feet (110 m) long, and 30 feet (9 m) deep. Additional mining took place in 1959–1964 and 1970–1971 [21] A total of 1.3 million pounds (590 t) of uranium were produced, with all of the milling taking place in Washington and Utah. There is a firm looking at the potential of reopening the mine.[22]

text: Arizona[edit]

text: Uranium mining in Arizona has taken place since 1918. Prior to the uranium boom of the late 1940s, uranium in Arizona was a byproduct of vanadium mining of the mineral carnotite.[23]

text: California[edit]

text: Uranium was discovered in 1954 in the Sierra Nevada of Kern County, along the Kern River about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Bakersfield. Two mines, the Kergon mine and the Miracle mine, made small shipments in 1954 and 1955. Uranium occurs as uraninite and autunite in shear zones in granodiorite. Accessory minerals include fluorite and the molybdenum minerals ilsemanite and jordisite.[24]

text: Colorado[edit]

text: The first uranium identified in the US was pitchblende from the Wood gold mine at Central City, Colorado in 1871. Uranium mining in southwest Colorado goes back to 1898. The Uravan district of Colorado and Utah supplied about half the world's radium from 1910 to 1922, and vanadium and uranium were byproducts. The last producing uranium mine in the state, the Topaz Mine, part of the Sunday Complex near Uravan, Colorado, was closed down on March 18, 2009 by then owner Denison Mines due to depressed uranium prices.[25][26]

text: Florida[edit]

text: The Central Florida (Bone Valley) phosphorite deposits are considered to contain the largest known uranium resource (one million metric tons of uranium oxide) in North America (but note that resources are not the same as ore reserves). Uranium has been produced as a byproduct of phosphate mining and the production of phosphoric acid fertilizer. The uranium is contained in the phosphate minerals francolite, crandallite, millisite, wavellite, and vivianite, found in Miocene and Pliocene sediments of the Bone Valley Formation. The average uranium content is 0.009%, which is considered to be low grade. Concentrations of uranium in this type of deposit typically grade to 0.01–0.015% U3O8.[27] Recovery process costs are estimated at $22 to $54 per pound of U3O8; higher than the market price of uranium during the 25-year period spanning the 1980s through the early first decade of the 21st century. Consequently, uranium recovery from Florida phosphate ceased in 1998.[28]

text: Idaho[edit]

text: From 1955 to 1960, uranium was extracted from placer black sand deposits derived from the Idaho Batholith in southwest Idaho. The deposits were mined for uranium, thorium, and rare earths. Uranium and thorium were in the monazite grains; rare earths were in columbite and euxenite. Production was 365,000 pounds (165 metric tons) of U3O8.[29]

text: Uranium was mined at the Stanley district in Custer County, Idaho from 1957 to 1962. Deposits occur as veins in granite of the Cretaceous Idaho Batholith, and in strataform deposits in possibly Paleocene arkosic conglomerates and sandstones between the underlying Idaho Batholith and overlying Challis Volcanic Group (Eocene). The USGS has estimated production to be less than 170,000 pounds (78 metric tons) of U3O8.[30]

text: Nebraska[edit]

text: The only operating uranium mine in Nebraska is the Crow Butte mine, operated by Cameco. The mine is five miles (8 km) southeast of Crawford in Dawes County, western Nebraska.[31] The roll-front deposit in the Oligocene Chadron formation was discovered in 1980 by Wyoming Fuel Co.[32] Commercial operation began in 1991.[33] Uranium is mined by in-situ leaching which involves the extraction by boreholes of uranium-bearing (U3O8) water, which is then filtered through resin beads. Through an ion exchange process, the resin beads attract uranium from the solution. Uranium loaded resins are then transported to a processing plant, where U3O8 is separated from the resin beads and yellowcake is produced. The resin beads are returned to the ion exchange facility where they are reused.[34][35]

text: Nevada[edit]

text: There is no current uranium production from Nevada. The largest past-producer was the Apex mine (also called Rundberg or Early Day mine), three miles south of Austin, in Lander County. Discovered in September 1953, it was first mined as a silver deposit and produced 45 metric tons of U3O8 (80% of Nevada's historical production) from 1954 until 1966, from a small open pit and from underground. Ore was shipped to Utah and to Lakeview, Oregon for processing.[36][37] Uranium occurs as the secondary minerals autunite and meta-autunite after uraninite and coffinite in fractured Cambrian metamorphosed shales and quartzite, at or near the contact with Jurassic porphyritic quartz monzonite.[38][39][40] The Apex-Lowboy deposit has an inferred resource of 615,000 metric tons at a grade of 0.07% U3O8.[41]

text: The McDermitt Caldera in Humboldt County was the site of intensive uranium exploration in the late 1970s. In 2006 and 2007, Western Uranium Corporation drilled exploratory boreholes in the Kings Valley area.[42]

text: New Jersey[edit]

text: A uranium exploration project in northern New Jersey was halted in 1980 when the local government passed an ordinance preventing uranium mining.[43]

text: New Mexico[edit]

text: New Mexico was a significant uranium producer since the discovery of uranium by Navajo sheepherder Paddy Martinez in 1950. Uranium in New Mexico is almost all in the Grants mineral belt, along the south margin of the San Juan Basin in McKinley and Cibola counties, in the northwest part of the state.[44] No mining has been done since 2002, even though the state has second-largest known uranium ore reserves in the US.

text: North Dakota[edit]

text: Some lignite coal in southwest North Dakota contains economic quantities of uranium. From 1965 to 1967 Union Carbide operated a mill near Belfield in Stark County to burn uraniferous lignite and extract uranium from the ash. The plant produced about 150 metric tons of U3O8 before shutting down.[45]

text: Oklahoma[edit]

text: A small amount of uranium ore was mined in the mid-1950s from a surface exposure at Cement in Caddo County. The uranium occurred as carnotite and tyuyamunite in fracture fillings in the Rush Springs Sandstone over the Cement anticline, where the sandstone is bleached.[46] The mined area was 150 feet (46 m) long, 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) wide, and extended 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) below ground surface.[47]

text: Oregon[edit]

text: Uranium was discovered in Oregon in 1955, 20 miles northwest of Lakeview in Lake County. The White King mine and the Lucky Lass mine shipped uranium from 1955 until 1965. At the White King mine, uranium was mined by both underground and open-pit methods from a low-temperature hydrothermal deposit in Pliocene volcanic rocks, associated with opal, realgar, stibnite, cinnabar, and pyrite. At the Lucky Lass mine ore was mined from an open pit. Uranium occurs in uraninite and autunite in lenses near or in a fault zone in tuffs.[48][49]

text: A minor amount of uranium was mined in 1960 from a deposit at Bear Creek Butte in Crook County. The uranium was present as autunite at the contact between a rhyolite dike and tuffs of the Oligocene-Miocene John Day Formation.[49]

text: The McDermitt Caldera in Malheur County was the site of intense uranium exploration in the late 1970s. Portland-based Oregon Energy is currently planning development of the Aurora deposit, near McDermitt.[50]

text: Pennsylvania[edit]

text: The uranium mineral autunite was reported in 1874 near the town of Mauch Chunk (present-day Jim Thorpe) in Carbon County, eastern Pennsylvania.[51] A small amount of test mining was done in 1953 at the Mount Pisgah deposit near Jim Thorpe. The uranium at the Mount Pisgah deposit is primarily in an unidentified black mineral in pods and rolls in the basal conglomerate of the Mauch Chunk Formation (Mississippian). Also present are the secondary uranium and uranium-vanadium minerals carnotite, tyuyamunite, liebigite, uranophane, and betauranophane.[52]

text: South Dakota[edit]

text: Uranium was discovered near Edgemont, South Dakota in 1951, quickly followed by mining. The uranium occurs in Cretaceous sandstones of the Inyan Kara group, where it outcrops along the southern edge of the Black Hills in Fall River County, South Dakota. Minerals in unoxidized sandstone are uraninite and coffinite; minerals in oxidized zones include carnotite and tyuyamunite.[53]

text: An airborne gamma radiation survey flown by the US Atomic Energy Commission in 1954 discovered high radiation readings over the Cave Hills area in Harding County, in the northwest corner of the state.[54] High winds blew the reconnaissance flight off their planned survey route over the Slim Buttes twenty miles southeast of the North Cave Hills. Claims were immediately staked over uranium-bearing lignite beds in the area. The lignite was strip-mined, probably starting that same year, and continuing until the mines closed in 1964.[55]

text: No uranium is currently mined in South Dakota.[citation needed]

text: In January 2007[56] Powertech Uranium Corporation received a state permit to drill boreholes to evaluate their Dewey-Burdock project, in Custer and Fall River counties northwest of Edgemont.[57] Previous work at the property in the early 1980s defined a resource of 10 million pounds (4500 metric tons) of uranium, of which 5 million pounds (2300 metric tons) were estimated recoverable by conventional underground mining.[58] Powertech hoped to bring the property into production as an in-situ leaching mine in 2009.[59]

text: A campaign has been underway to halt any effort to mine uranium in the Black Hills because of its effect on Native American and wildlife populations, as well as the effects of mining on the water table and local ranchers.[60][61] Indigenous leaders and anti-nuclear activists began organizing around this issue in the 1970s and there are still efforts underway to prevent mining on native lands.[62][63]

text: Texas[edit]

text: The uranium district of south Texas was discovered by accident in 1954 by an airborne gamma radiation survey looking for petroleum deposits. The coastal plain had previously been regarded as highly unfavorable for uranium deposits.[64] The uranium occurs in roll-front type deposits in sandstones of Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene age.[65] The deposits are distributed along about 200 miles (320 km) of coastal plain, from Panna Maria in the north, south into Mexico. Uranium production began in 1958, from open-pit and in situ leach mines.

text: Uranium production stopped in 1999, but restarted in 2004.[66] By 2006, three mines were active: Kingsville Dome in Kleberg County, the Vasquez mine in Duval County, and the Alta Mesa mine in Brooks County. 2007 production was 1.34 million pounds (607 metric tons) of U3O8 All have since closed.[67]

text: Uranium Energy Corp. (UEC) began in-situ leach mining at its Palangana deposit (grading .135% U3O8) in Duval County in 2010. Uranium loaded resins from that ion exchange facility are processed into yellowcake at the company's Hobson processing plant. In late 2012, UEC completed the permitting and approval process for the Goliad ISR mining and ion exchange facility in Goliad County.[68]

text: Utah[edit]

text: Mining of uranium-vanadium ore in southeast Utah goes back to the late 19th century. All of Utah’s numerous uranium mines had closed by 1991 because of low prices. In late 2006, Denison Mines reopened the Pandora mine in the La Sal mining district, Utah's first producing uranium mine since 1991.[69] On June 29, 2012, Energy Fuels Inc. acquired Denison's US assets, including the White Mesa Mill. In October 2012 the only operating uranium mines in Utah, the Pandora, Beaver and Daneros mines, were all placed on standby, care and maintenance due to the depressed uranium price.[70][71][72][73]

text: The White Mesa Mill, 7 miles south of Blanding, Utah, is the only operating conventional uranium (and vanadium) mill in the United States.[73][2]

text: Virginia[edit]

text: The largest deposit of uranium in the US is in Virginia at Coles Hill; however, the state's generous rainfall and occasional flooding (in contrast with typical American uranium mines in the dry and isolated desert southwest) have led to citizen concern about commercial-scale mining.[74] Lawmakers in the state enacted a de facto ban on uranium mining in 1982. A 2015 federal court case involving the owners of Coles Hill might overturn the ban.

text: Marline Uranium Corp. announced in July 1982 that it had discovered 110 million pounds (50,000 metric tons) of uranium in the Swanson/Coles Hill deposit, on land that it had leased near Chatham in Pittsylvania County. During the 1982 legislative session, the state of Virginia adopted laws to govern exploration for uranium in the Commonwealth. At the same time, the legislature imposed a moratorium on uranium mining in the state until such time that regulations to govern uranium mining could be enacted into law.[75]

text: In 1981, the Virginia General Assembly approved House Joint Resolution No. 324, which directed the Virginia Coal and Energy Commission to evaluate the effects of uranium development on the Commonwealth and its citizens. The Virginia Coal and Energy Commission is a permanent legislative commission composed of five Senators, eight Delegates, and seven citizens appointed by the Governor.

text: The Commission completed its evaluation of uranium mining in October 1984 and concluded that the moratorium regarding uranium development could be lifted on the condition that certain specific recommendations derived from its work would be enacted into law.

text: Union Carbide was the joint venture partner on the project with Marline until early 1984 when it dropped its option on the property due to declining uranium prices. Marline kept the project on care and maintenance until 1990, when it dropped its remaining mineral leases and closed its local exploration office.[76]

text: The deposits occur as breccia-fill and veins in gneiss bordering the Triassic Danville Basin.[77] Ore minerals are coffinite, uraninite, and uranium-bearing apatite.[78]

text: In October 2007, Walter Coles, who owns the land over the Coles Hill deposit, announced that he and some other landowners had formed Virginia Uranium Inc. to mine the deposit themselves, if it can be done safely.[79][80] In November 2007, the state issued an exploration permit to Virginia Uranium, to allow drilling test holes into the deposit. Drilling began in mid-December.

text: The state-imposed moratorium on uranium mining is still in effect. A bill proposed in the state General Assembly in January 2008 would have created a Virginia Uranium Mining Commission to determine if uranium mining could be done in a manner protective of human health and the environment, and to recommend regulatory controls.[81] The bill passed the Democratic controlled state Senate by a vote of 36–4. However, opponents of uranium mining succeeded in stopping the bill on March 3, 2008, when Rules Committee of the Republican controlled House of Delegates delayed consideration of the bill until 2009.[82]

text: In November 2008, the Virginia Coal and Energy Commission voted unanimously to once again create a subcommittee to study the issue of uranium mining.[83] In May 2009 the subcommittee approved a study of potential uranium mining and its safety and pollution issues. The study is expected to take about 18 months to complete.[84]

text: In February 2010, the Commonwealth of Virginia contracted the National Research Council and Virginia Polytechnic Institute to oversee a National Research Council study of potential environmental and economic effects of uranium mining in Virginia. The National Research Council study, funded indirectly by a $1.4 million grant from Virginia Uranium to the Commonwealth, resulted in a report released in December 2011.[85]

text: The report identified a range of health and environmental issues and related risks that could result from uranium mining in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The report found that although there are internationally accepted best practices to mitigate some risks, Virginia faces "steep hurdles" if it is to undertake uranium mining and processing within a regulatory setting that appropriately protects workers, the public, and the environment.[86]

text: Uranium mining and processing carries with it a range of potential health risks to the people who work in or live near uranium mining and processing facilities. Some of these health risks apply to any type of hard rock mining or other large-scale industrial activity, but others are linked to exposure to radioactive materials. In addition, uranium mining has the potential to impact water, soil, and air quality, with the degree of impact depending on site-specific conditions, how early a contaminant release is detected by monitoring systems, and the effectiveness of mitigation steps.[87]

text: Some of the worker and public health risks could be mitigated or better controlled through modern internationally accepted best practices, the report says. In addition, if uranium mining, processing, and reclamation were designed, constructed, operated, and monitored according to best practices, near-to-moderate-term environmental effects should be substantially reduced, the report found.[88]

text: However, the report noted that Virginia’s high water table and heavy rainfall differed from other parts of the United States—typically dry, Western states—where uranium mining has taken place. Consequently, federal agencies have little experience developing and applying laws and regulations in locations with abundant rainfall and groundwater, such as Virginia. Because of Virginia’s moratorium on uranium mining, it has not been necessary for the Commonwealth’s agencies to develop a regulatory program that is applicable to uranium mining, processing, and reclamation.

text: The report also noted the long-term environmental risks of uranium tailings, the solid waste left after processing. Tailings disposal sites represent potential sources of contamination for thousands of years. While it is likely that tailings impoundment sites would be safe for at least 200 years if designed and built according to modern best practices, the long-term risks of radioactive contaminant release are unknown.

text: The report’s authoring committee was not asked to recommend whether uranium mining should be permitted, or to consider the potential benefits to the state were uranium mining to be pursued. It also was not asked to compare the relative risks of uranium mining to the mining of other fuels such as coal.

text: In October 2015, it went before a federal judge whether the 33-year-old ban on large-scale uranium mining in Virginia would be lifted. [89]

text: Washington[edit]

text: Uranium was discovered at the Midnite Mine deposit on the Spokane Indian Reservation, Stevens County, north-east Washington in 1954. The deposit was mined from an open pit 1956–1962 and 1969–1982.[90] Production through 1975 was 8 million pounds (3,600 metric tons) of U3O8. The uranium is contained in autunite, uraninite, and coffinite, with gangue minerals pyrite and marcasite. The ore occurs as disseminations, replacements, and stockworks in Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the Togo formation, in a roof pendant in Cretaceous porphyritic quartz monzonite.[91]

text: Western Nuclear discovered the Spokane Mountain uranium deposit in 1975, two miles (3 km) northeast of the Midnite Mine, and in a similar geologic setting.[92]

text: Other major Washington state uranium mines included the Sherwood mine, located five miles south of the Midnite mine, and the Daybreak mine, located six miles southeast of Elk, Washington. The Daybreak mine is recognized as the source of the finest museum-quality specimens of autunite and meta-autunite yet found. Sherwood had a co-located uranium mill, while Midnite and Daybreak ores were processed at the Dawn uranium mill, at Ford, Washington.[93]

text: Wyoming[edit]

text: Wyoming once had many operating uranium mines, and has the largest known uranium ore reserves of any state in the U.S. The Wyoming uranium mining industry was hard-hit in the 1980s by the drop in the price of uranium. The uranium-mining boom town of Jeffrey City lost 95% of its population in three years. By 2006, the only active uranium mine in Wyoming was the Smith Ranch-Highland in-situ leaching operation in the Powder River Basin, owned by a subsidiary of Cameco. The mine produced 907 metric tons of yellowcake (uranium concentrate) in 2006, making it the leading uranium producer in the United States.[94]

text: Health and environmental issues[edit]

text: The radiation hazards of uranium mining and milling were not appreciated in the early years, resulting in workers being exposed to high levels of radiation. Inhalation of radon gas caused sharp increases in lung cancers among underground uranium miners employed in the 1940s and 1950s.[15][16][17] Risks related to the inhalation of radon gas and the deposition of radon daughter products in the lung were discussed publicly as early as 1951 in American newspapers. The hazard was considered to be generally greater in deeper underground workings, where providing adequate ventilation and suppressing dust was more difficult. Concerns for American miners' health were based on the observation of elevated lung cancer incidence among miners who mine uranium-bearing ore underground in Czechoslovakia and Germany.[95]

text: Conventional uranium ore treatment mills create radioactive waste in the form of tailings, which contain uranium, radium, and polonium. Consequently, uranium mining results in "the unavoidable radioactive contamination of the environment by solid, liquid and gaseous wastes".[96]

text: In the 1940s and 1950s, uranium mill tailings were released with impunity into water sources, and the radium leached from these tailings contaminated thousands of miles of the Colorado River system. Between 1966 and 1971, thousands of homes and commercial buildings in the Colorado Plateau region were "found to contain anomalously high concentrations of radon, after being built on uranium tailings taken from piles under the authority of the Atomic Energy Commission".[97]

text: In 1950, the US Public Health service began a comprehensive study of uranium miners, leading to the first publication of a statistical correlation between cancer and uranium mining, released in 1962.[18] The federal government eventually regulated the standard amount of radon in mines, setting the level at 0.3 WL on January 1, 1969.[19]

text: Out of 50 present and former uranium milling sites in 12 states, 24 have been abandoned, and are the responsibility of the US Department of Energy.[98] Accidental releases from uranium mills include the 1979 Church Rock uranium mill spill in New Mexico, called the largest accident of nuclear-related waste in US history, and the 1986 Sequoyah Corporation Fuels Release in Oklahoma.[99]

text: In 1990, Congress passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), granting reparations for those affected by mining, with amendments passed in 2000 to address criticisms with the original act.[18]

text: Uranium mining, milling and the American Southwest[edit]

text: Between 1949 and 1989, over 4,000 uranium mines in the Four Corner region produced more than 225,000,000 tons of uranium ore. This activity affected a large number of Native American nations, including the Laguna, Navajo, Zuni, Southern Ute, Ute Mountain, Hopi, Acoma and other Pueblo cultures. Many of these peoples worked in the mines, mills and processing plants in New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado. These workers were seldom informed of dangers nor were they given appropriate protective gear. The government, mine owners, scientific, and health communities were all well aware of the hazards of working with radioactive materials at this time.[when?] Due to the Cold War demand for increasingly destructive and powerful nuclear weapons, these laborers were both exposed to and brought home large amounts of radiation in the form of dust on their clothing and skin. Epidemiologic studies of the families of these workers have shown increased incidents of radiation-induced cancers, miscarriages, cleft palates and other birth defects. The extent of these genetic effects on indigenous populations and the extent of DNA damage remains to be resolved.[100][101][102][103][104][105]

text: Uranium mining, milling and the Navajo people[edit]

text: After the end of World War II, large uranium deposits were found on and near the Navajo Reservation in the Southwest, and private companies hired many Navajo employees to work the mines. Disregarding the known health risks imposed by exposure to uranium, the private companies and the United States Atomic Energy Commission failed to inform the Navajo workers about the dangers and to regulate the mining to minimize contamination. As more data was collected, they were slow to take appropriate action for the workers.

text: Studies provided data to show that the Navajo mine workers and numerous families on the reservation have suffered high rates of disease from environmental contamination, but for decades, industry and the government failed to regulate or improve conditions, or inform workers of the dangers. As high rates of illness began to occur, workers were often unsuccessful in court cases seeking compensation, and the states at first did not officially recognize radon illness. In 1990 the US Congress passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, to settle such cases and provide needed compensation.

text: In 2008 the US Congress authorized a five-year, multi-agency cleanup of uranium contamination on the Navajo Nation reservation; identification and treatment of contaminated water and structures has been the first priority. Certain water sources have been closed, and numerous contaminated buildings have been taken down. By the summer of 2011, EPA had nearly completed the first major project of removal of 20,000 cubic yards of contaminated earth from the Skyline Mine area.


document_title: List of Academy Award winners and nominees from India

question_text: who got the first oscar award in india

question_tokens: who got the first oscar award in india

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text:
List of the Indian Oscar nominee(s)/recipient(s), also showing the year, film, category, and result

Year
Nominee(s)/recipient(s)
Film
Category/Honorary Award
Result/received
Ref.

1958
(30th)
Mehboob Khan
Mother India
Best Foreign Language Film
Nominated[N 1]
[3]

1961
(33rd)
Ismail Merchant
The Creation of Woman
Best Short Subject (Live Action)
Nominated
[5]

1979
(51st)
Vidhu Vinod Chopra and K.K.Kapil
An Encounter with Faces
Best Documentary (Short Subject)
Nominated
[6]

1983
(55th)
Bhanu Athaiya
Gandhi
Best Costume Design
Won
[7]

Ravi Shankar
Best Original Score
Nominated

1987
(59th)
Ismail Merchant
A Room with a View
Best Picture
Nominated
[8]

1989
(61st)
Mira Nair
Salaam Bombay!
Best Foreign Language Film
Nominated
[9]

1992
(64th)
Satyajit Ray
Pather Pachali
Honorary Award[N 2]
Received
[12]

1993
(65th)
Ismail Merchant
Howards End
Best Picture
Nominated
[13]

1994
(66th)
Ismail Merchant
The Remains of the Day
Best Picture
Nominated
[14]

2002
(74th)
Ashutosh Gowarikar
Lagaan
Best Foreign Language Film
Nominated
[15]

2005
(77th)
Ashvin Kumar
Little Terrorist
Best Short Subject (Live Action)
Nominated
[16]

2007
(79th)
Deepa Mehta
Water
Best Foreign Language Film[N 3]
Nominated
[17]

2009
(81st)
Resul Pookutty
Slumdog Millionaire
Best Sound Mixing
Won
[18]

A.R.Rahman
Best Original Score
Won

A.R.Rahman and Gulzar
Best Original Song
Won

2011
(83rd)
A.R.Rahman
127 Hours
Best Original Score
Nominated
[19]

A.R.Rahman
Best Original Song
Nominated

2013
(85th)
Bombay Jayashri
Life of Pi
Best Original Song
Nominated
[20]

2016
Rahul Thakkar
n/a
Sci-Tech Award
Received
[21][22]

2016
Cottalango Leon
n/a
Sci-Tech Award
Received
[23][24]

2018
Vikas Sathaye
n/a
Sci-Tech Award
Received
[25][26]