document_title: List of cities in Idaho

question_text: what is the second largest city in idaho

text: List of cities in Idaho

text: Idaho is a state located in the Western United States. According to the 2010 United States Census, Idaho is the 12th least populous state with 7006156765200000000♠1,567,652 inhabitants but the 11th largest by land area spanning 82,643.12 square miles (214,044.7 km2) of land.[1] Idaho is divided into 44 counties and contains 201 incorporated municipalities legally described as cities.[2]

text:
†  County seat
 ††  State capital and county seat

tag: div

text:
2015 Rank
City
2015 Estimate[3]
2010 Census[4]
Change
County

7000100000000000000♠1
Boise ††
218,281
205,671
7000613115120751100♠+6.13%
Ada

7000200000000000000♠2
Meridian
90,739
75,092
7001208371064827150♠+20.84%
Ada

7000300000000000000♠3
Nampa
89,839
81,557
7001101548610174480♠+10.15%
Canyon

7000400000000000000♠4
Idaho Falls †
59,184
56,813
7000417334060866349♠+4.17%
Bonneville

7000500000000000000♠5
Pocatello †
54,441
54,255
6999342825546032620♠+0.34%
Bannock

7000600000000000000♠6
Caldwell †
51,686
46,237
7001117849341436510♠+11.78%
Canyon

7000700000000000000♠7
Coeur d'Alene †
49,122
44,137
7001112943788658039♠+11.29%
Kootenai

7000800000000000000♠8
Twin Falls †
47,468
44,125
7000757620396600570♠+7.58%
Twin Falls

7000900000000000000♠9
Lewiston †
32,544
31,894
7000203800087790809♠+2.04%
Nez Perce

7001100000000000000♠10
Post Falls
30,453
27,574
7001104409951403499♠+10.44%
Kootenai

7001110000000000000♠11
Rexburg †
27,663
25,484
7000855046303563020♠+8.55%
Madison

7001120000000000000♠12
Moscow †
25,060
23,800
7000529411764705880♠+5.29%
Latah

7001130000000000000♠13
Eagle
23,612
19,908
7001186055856941930♠+18.61%
Ada

7001140000000000000♠14
Kuna
17,226
15,210
7001132544378698220♠+13.25%
Ada

7001150000000000000♠15
Ammon
14,960
13,816
7000828025477707010♠+8.28%
Bonneville

7001160000000000000♠16
Chubbuck
14,428
13,922
7000363453526792130♠+3.63%
Bannock

7001170000000000000♠17
Hayden
14,133
13,294
7000631111779750260♠+6.31%
Kootenai

7001180000000000000♠18
Mountain Home †
13,730
14,206
2999664930311136140♠−3.35%
Elmore

7001190000000000000♠19
Blackfoot †
11,740
11,899
2999866375325657620♠−1.34%
Bingham

7001200000000000000♠20
Garden City
11,550
10,972
7000526795479402110♠+5.27%
Ada

7001210000000000000♠21
Jerome †
11,184
10,890
7000269972451790630♠+2.70%
Jerome

7001220000000000000♠22
Burley †
10,436
10,345
6999879652005799910♠+0.88%
Cassia

7001230000000000000♠23
Hailey †
8,134
7,960
7000218592964824120♠+2.19%
Blaine

7001240000000000000♠24
Sandpoint †
7,835
7,365
7000638153428377460♠+6.38%
Bonner

7001250000000000000♠25
Star
7,797
5,793
7001345934748834800♠+34.59%
Ada

7001260000000000000♠26
Rathdrum
7,538
6,826
7001104307061236450♠+10.43%
Kootenai

7001270000000000000♠27
Payette †
7,380
7,433
3000286963540965970♠−0.71%
Payette

7001280000000000000♠28
Middleton
6,828
5,524
7001236060825488780♠+23.61%
Canyon

7001290000000000000♠29
Emmett †
6,604
6,557
6999716791215494880♠+0.72%
Gem

7001300000000000000♠30
Rupert †
5,705
5,554
7000271876125315090♠+2.72%
Minidoka

7001310000000000000♠31
Weiser †
5,317
5,507
2999654984565098970♠−3.45%
Washington

7001320000000000000♠32
Preston †
5,212
5,204
6999153727901614140♠+0.15%
Franklin

7001330000000000000♠33
Fruitland
5,087
4,684
7000860375747224600♠+8.60%
Payette

7001340000000000000♠34
Shelley
4,339
4,409
2999841233839872990♠−1.59%
Bingham

7001350000000000000♠35
American Falls †
4,321
4,457
2999694862014808170♠−3.05%
Power

7001360000000000000♠36
Buhl
4,275
4,122
7000371179039301310♠+3.71%
Twin Falls

7001370000000000000♠37
Rigby †
4,029
3,945
7000212927756653990♠+2.13%
Jefferson

7001380000000000000♠38
Kimberly
3,610
3,264
7001106004901960780♠+10.60%
Twin Falls

7001390000000000000♠39
Gooding †
3,509
3,567
2999837398373983739♠−1.63%
Gooding

7001400000000000000♠40
St. Anthony †
3,442
3,542
2999717673630717110♠−2.82%
Fremont

7001410000000000000♠41
Heyburn
3,223
3,089
7000433797345419229♠+4.34%
Minidoka

7001420000000000000♠42
Grangeville †
3,155
3,141
6999445717924227960♠+0.45%
Idaho

7001430000000000000♠43
McCall
3,106
2,991
7000384486793714480♠+3.84%
Valley

7001440000000000000♠44
Orofino †
3,054
3,142
2999719923615531510♠−2.80%
Clearwater

7001450000000000000♠45
Salmon †
3,036
3,112
2999755784061696660♠−2.44%
Lemhi

7001460000000000000♠46
Soda Springs †
2,944
3,058
2999627207325049050♠−3.73%
Caribou

7001470000000000000♠47
Wendell
2,744
2,782
2999863407620416970♠−1.37%
Gooding

7001480000000000000♠48
Ketchum
2,728
2,689
7000145035329118630♠+1.45%
Blaine

7001490000000000000♠49
Filer
2,691
2,508
7000729665071770340♠+7.30%
Twin Falls

7001500000000000000♠50
Homedale
2,565
2,633
2999741739460691230♠−2.58%
Owyhee

7001510000000000000♠51
Bonners Ferry †
2,549
2,543
6999235941801022420♠+0.24%
Boundary

7001520000000000000♠52
Montpelier
2,509
2,597
2999661147477859070♠−3.39%
Bear Lake

7001530000000000000♠53
Dalton Gardens
2,386
2,335
7000218415417558889♠+2.18%
Kootenai

7001540000000000000♠54
St. Maries †
2,325
2,402
2999679433805162370♠−3.21%
Benewah

7001550000000000000♠55
Bellevue
2,300
2,287
6999568430257979880♠+0.57%
Blaine

7001560000000000000♠56
Spirit Lake
2,086
1,945
7000724935732647820♠+7.25%
Kootenai

7001570000000000000♠57
Parma
2,082
1,983
7000499243570347960♠+4.99%
Canyon

7001580000000000000♠58
Kellogg
2,069
2,120
2999759433962264150♠−2.41%
Shoshone

7001590000000000000♠59
Iona
2,056
1,803
7001140321686078760♠+14.03%
Bonneville

7001600000000000000♠60
Malad City †
2,050
2,095
2999785202863961810♠−2.15%
Oneida

7001610000000000000♠61
Victor
1,961
1,928
7000171161825726140♠+1.71%
Teton

7001620000000000000♠62
Aberdeen
1,929
1,994
2999674022066198600♠−3.26%
Bingham

7001630000000000000♠63
Priest River
1,758
1,751
6999399771559109090♠+0.40%
Bonner

7001640000000000000♠64
Driggs †
1,689
1,660
7000174698795180720♠+1.75%
Teton

7001650000000000000♠65
Wilder
1,622
1,533
7000580560991519900♠+5.81%
Canyon

7001660000000000000♠66
Pinehurst
1,580
1,619
2999759110562075350♠−2.41%
Shoshone

7001670000000000000♠67
Osburn
1,510
1,555
2999710610932475880♠−2.89%
Shoshone

7001680000000000000♠68
New Plymouth
1,503
1,538
2999772431729518860♠−2.28%
Payette

7001690000000000000♠69
Shoshone †
1,488
1,461
7000184804928131420♠+1.85%
Lincoln

7001700000000000000♠70
Sun Valley
1,422
1,406
7000113798008534850♠+1.14%
Blaine

7001710000000000000♠71
Sugar City
1,328
1,514
2998877146631439890♠−12.29%
Madison

7001720000000000000♠72
Marsing
1,286
1,031
7001247332686711930♠+24.73%
Owyhee

7001730000000000000♠73
Kamiah
1,273
1,295
2999830115830115829♠−1.70%
Lewis

7001740000000000000♠74
Hansen
1,249
1,144
7000917832167832170♠+9.18%
Twin Falls

7001750000000000000♠75
Glenns Ferry
1,229
1,319
2999317664897649730♠−6.82%
Elmore

7001760000000000000♠76
Paul
1,191
1,169
7000188195038494440♠+1.88%
Minidoka

7001770000000000000♠77
Lapwai
1,146
1,137
6999791556728232190♠+0.79%
Nez Perce

7001780000000000000♠78
Ucon
1,124
1,108
7000144404332129960♠+1.44%
Bonneville

7001790000000000000♠79
Ponderay
1,111
1,137
2999771328056288479♠−2.29%
Bonner

7001800000000000000♠80
Challis †
1,085
1,081
6999370027752081410♠+0.37%
Custer

7001810000000000000♠81
Ashton
1,084
1,127
2999618456078083410♠−3.82%
Fremont

7001820000000000000♠82
Plummer
1,017
1,044
2999741379310344830♠−2.59%
Benewah

7001830000000000000♠83
Genesee
952
955
3000685863874345550♠−0.31%
Latah

7001840000000000000♠84
Arco †
910
995
2999145728643216079♠−8.54%
Butte

7001850000000000000♠85
Cottonwood
910
900
7000111111111111110♠+1.11%
Idaho

7001860000000000000♠86
Cascade †
904
939
2999627263045793400♠−3.73%
Valley

7001870000000000000♠87
Grace
899
915
2999825136612021860♠−1.75%
Caribou

7001880000000000000♠88
Troy
882
862
7000232018561484920♠+2.32%
Latah

7001890000000000000♠89
Greenleaf
875
846
7000342789598108750♠+3.43%
Canyon

7001900000000000000♠90
Inkom
856
854
6999234192037470730♠+0.23%
Bannock

7001910000000000000♠91
Hagerman
851
872
2999759174311926610♠−2.41%
Gooding

7001920000000000000♠92
Council †
805
839
2999594755661501790♠−4.05%
Adams

7001930000000000000♠93
Potlatch
800
804
3000502487562189060♠−0.50%
Latah

7001940000000000000♠94
McCammon
797
809
2999851668726823239♠−1.48%
Bannock

7001950000000000000♠95
Wallace †
781
784
3000617346938775510♠−0.38%
Shoshone

7001960000000000000♠96
Oakley
777
763
7000183486238532110♠+1.83%
Cassia

7001970000000000000♠97
Hazelton
747
753
3000203187250996019♠−0.80%
Jerome

7001980000000000000♠98
Menan
741
741
5000000000000000000♠0.00%
Jefferson

7001990000000000000♠99
Kootenai
736
678
7000855457227138640♠+8.55%
Bonner

7002100000000000000♠100
Franklin
729
641
7001137285491419660♠+13.73%
Franklin

7002101000000000000♠101
Teton
712
735
2999687074829931970♠−3.13%
Fremont

7002102000000000000♠102
Moyie Springs
696
718
2999693593314763230♠−3.06%
Boundary

7002103000000000000♠103
Mullan
692
692
5000000000000000000♠0.00%
Shoshone

7002104000000000000♠104
Athol
689
692
3000566473988439310♠−0.43%
Kootenai

7002105000000000000♠105
Hauser
672
678
3000115044247787610♠−0.88%
Kootenai

7002106000000000000♠106
Horseshoe Bend
666
707
2999420084865629420♠−5.80%
Boise

7002107000000000000♠107
Ririe
635
656
2999679878048780490♠−3.20%
Jefferson

7002108000000000000♠108
Downey
622
625
3000520000000000000♠−0.48%
Bannock

7002109000000000000♠109
Smelterville
621
627
3000043062200956930♠−0.96%
Shoshone

7002110000000000000♠110
Carey
600
604
3000337748344370860♠−0.66%
Blaine

7002111000000000000♠111
Kooskia
598
607
2999851729818780889♠−1.48%
Idaho

7002112000000000000♠112
Dubois †
596
677
2998880354505169870♠−11.96%
Clark

7002113000000000000♠113
Hayden Lake
589
574
7000261324041811850♠+2.61%
Kootenai

7002114000000000000♠114
Roberts
584
580
6999689655172413790♠+0.69%
Jefferson

7002115000000000000♠115
Juliaetta
572
579
2999879101899827290♠−1.21%
Latah

7002116000000000000♠116
Dover
553
556
3000460431654676260♠−0.54%
Bonner

7002117000000000000♠117
Notus
544
531
7000244821092278720♠+2.45%
Canyon

7002118000000000000♠118
Clark Fork
527
536
2999832089552238809♠−1.68%
Bonner

7002119000000000000♠119
Melba
526
513
7000253411306042890♠+2.53%
Canyon

7002120000000000000♠120
Craigmont
515
501
7000279441117764470♠+2.79%
Lewis

7002121000000000000♠121
Paris †
510
513
3000415204678362570♠−0.58%
Bear Lake

7002122000000000000♠122
Deary
508
506
6999395256916996050♠+0.40%
Latah

7002123000000000000♠123
Mackay
494
517
2999555125725338490♠−4.45%
Custer

7002124000000000000♠124
Pierce
494
508
2999724409448818900♠−2.76%
Clearwater

7002125000000000000♠125
Richfield
494
482
7000248962655601660♠+2.49%
Lincoln

7002126000000000000♠126
Nezperce †
476
466
7000214592274678110♠+2.15%
Lewis

7002127000000000000♠127
Lewisville
471
458
7000283842794759830♠+2.84%
Jefferson

7002128000000000000♠128
Firth
469
477
2999832285115303980♠−1.68%
Bingham

7002129000000000000♠129
Georgetown
469
476
2999852941176470590♠−1.47%
Bear Lake

7002130000000000000♠130
New Meadows
469
496
2999455645161290320♠−5.44%
Adams

7002131000000000000♠131
Idaho City †
459
485
2999463917525773200♠−5.36%
Boise

7002132000000000000♠132
Dayton
457
463
2999870410367170630♠−1.30%
Franklin

7002133000000000000♠133
Grand View
447
452
2999889380530973450♠−1.11%
Owyhee

7002134000000000000♠134
Weston
432
437
2999885583524027459♠−1.14%
Franklin

7002135000000000000♠135
Weippe
414
441
2999387755102040820♠−6.12%
Clearwater

7002136000000000000♠136
Riggins
413
419
2999856801909307880♠−1.43%
Idaho

7002137000000000000♠137
Lava Hot Springs
404
407
3000262899262899260♠−0.74%
Bannock

7002138000000000000♠138
Eden
402
405
3000259259259259259♠−0.74%
Jerome

7002139000000000000♠139
Basalt
392
394
3000492385786802030♠−0.51%
Bingham

7002140000000000000♠140
Fairfield †
384
416
2999230769230769230♠−7.69%
Camas

7002141000000000000♠141
Culdesac
382
380
6999526315789473689♠+0.53%
Nez Perce

7002142000000000000♠142
Bancroft
369
377
2999787798408488060♠−2.12%
Caribou

7002143000000000000♠143
Mud Lake
366
358
7000223463687150840♠+2.23%
Jefferson

7002144000000000000♠144
Arimo
358
355
6999845070422535210♠+0.85%
Bannock

7002145000000000000♠145
Declo
349
343
7000174927113702620♠+1.75%
Cassia

7002146000000000000♠146
Winchester
344
340
7000117647058823530♠+1.18%
Lewis

7002147000000000000♠147
Dietrich
334
332
6999602409638554220♠+0.60%
Lincoln

7002148000000000000♠148
Cambridge
315
328
2999603658536585370♠−3.96%
Washington

7002149000000000000♠149
Newdale
314
323
2999721362229102170♠−2.79%
Fremont

7002150000000000000♠150
Bliss
307
318
2999654088050314470♠−3.46%
Gooding

7002151000000000000♠151
Kendrick
300
303
3000009900990099010♠−0.99%
Latah

7002152000000000000♠152
Parker
296
305
2999704918032786890♠−2.95%
Fremont

7002153000000000000♠153
Rockland
294
295
3000661016949152549♠−0.34%
Power

7002154000000000000♠154
Clifton
279
259
7000772200772200770♠+7.72%
Franklin

7002155000000000000♠155
Island Park
276
286
2999650349650349650♠−3.50%
Fremont

7002156000000000000♠156
Hollister
273
272
6999367647058823530♠+0.37%
Twin Falls

7002157000000000000♠157
Albion
272
267
7000187265917603000♠+1.87%
Cassia

7002158000000000000♠158
Tetonia
266
269
2999888475836431230♠−1.12%
Teton

7002159000000000000♠159
Bovill
256
260
2999846153846153850♠−1.54%
Latah

7002160000000000000♠160
Worley
254
257
2999883268482490270♠−1.17%
Kootenai

7002161000000000000♠161
Castleford
230
226
7000176991150442480♠+1.77%
Twin Falls

7002162000000000000♠162
Irwin
222
219
7000136986301369860♠+1.37%
Bonneville

7002163000000000000♠163
Stites
216
221
2999773755656108600♠−2.26%
Idaho

7002164000000000000♠164
Swan Valley
214
204
7000490196078431370♠+4.90%
Bonneville

7002165000000000000♠165
Harrison
210
203
7000344827586206900♠+3.45%
Kootenai

7002166000000000000♠166
East Hope
207
210
2999857142857142860♠−1.43%
Bonner

7002167000000000000♠167
Bloomington
205
206
3000514563106796120♠−0.49%
Bear Lake

7002168000000000000♠168
Malta
196
193
7000155440414507770♠+1.55%
Cassia

7002169000000000000♠169
Peck
195
197
2999898477157360410♠−1.02%
Nez Perce

7002170000000000000♠170
Wardner
185
188
2999840425531914890♠−1.60%
Shoshone

7002171000000000000♠171
Onaway
183
187
2999786096256684490♠−2.14%
Latah

7002172000000000000♠172
Oldtown
180
184
2999782608695652170♠−2.17%
Bonner

7002173000000000000♠173
Fernan Lake Village
172
169
7000177514792899410♠+1.78%
Kootenai

7002174000000000000♠174
Moore
169
189
2998894179894179890♠−10.58%
Butte

7002175000000000000♠175
Ferdinand
160
159
6999628930817610060♠+0.63%
Idaho

7002176000000000000♠176
Midvale
160
171
2999356725146198830♠−6.43%
Washington

7002177000000000000♠177
Crouch
156
162
2999629629629629630♠−3.70%
Boise

7002178000000000000♠178
Donnelly
137
152
2999013157894736839♠−9.87%
Valley

7002179000000000000♠179
St. Charles
136
131
7000381679389312980♠+3.82%
Bear Lake

7002180000000000000♠180
Acequia
125
124
6999806451612903230♠+0.81%
Minidoka

7002181000000000000♠181
Murtaugh
124
115
7000782608695652170♠+7.83%
Twin Falls

7002182000000000000♠182
Tensed
120
123
2999756097560975610♠−2.44%
Benewah

7002183000000000000♠183
Elk River
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48
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Fremont


document_title: 2017 World Series

question_text: who won the first game of the world series 2017

root

text: 2017 World Series

text: Background[edit]

text: This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year.[10] The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game.[11] This was the first Fall Classic since 1970, and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season.[12][13]

tag: p

text: The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the regular season.[14]

text: Los Angeles Dodgers[edit]

text: The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25.[15][16] They won their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs.[17] In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and defeated the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games.[18] This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth since the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1958, and the 19th overall.[19]

text: Entering the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers bullpen had thrown 23 consecutive scoreless innings, a postseason record for a bullpen.[20] Additionally, by outscoring the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs by a combined 48–19 margin, the Dodgers entered the World Series with the third-best run differential of any pennant winner since the playoff structure was expanded in 1995.[21]

text: All-Star shortstop Corey Seager, who was out for the entire National League Championship Series with a back injury, was included on the Dodgers' World Series roster.[22] Manager Dave Roberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager.[23]

text: Houston Astros[edit]

text: With a 101–61 regular season record, the team won its first American League West title, and their first division title since 2001.[24][b] In the American League Division Series, they defeated the Boston Red Sox in four games and then defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Championship Series (ALCS) in seven games.[25] This was their second World Series appearance and first since 2005, when they were swept in four games by the Chicago White Sox.[26] They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League.[27]

text: The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word "Strong" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag Houston Strong.[28][29] Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.[30]

text: On August 31, just seconds before the midnight deadline, the Astros traded for Detroit Tigers pitcher Justin Verlander.[31] Following the trade, including the regular season and postseason to this point, Verlander had posted a 9–0 win-loss record with a 1.23 earned run average.[32] He was named the ALCS MVP.[33]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Houston won the series, 4–3.

text:
Game
Date
Score
Location
Time
Attendance

1
000000002018-10-24-0000October 24
Houston Astros – 1, Los Angeles Dodgers – 3
Dodger Stadium
2:28
54,253[34]

2
000000002018-10-25-0000October 25
Houston Astros – 7, Los Angeles Dodgers – 6 (11)
Dodger Stadium
4:19
54,293[35]

3
000000002018-10-27-0000October 27
Los Angeles Dodgers – 3, Houston Astros – 5
Minute Maid Park
3:46
43,282[36]

4
000000002018-10-28-0000October 28
Los Angeles Dodgers – 6, Houston Astros – 2
Minute Maid Park
3:06
43,322[37]

5
000000002018-10-29-0000October 29
Los Angeles Dodgers – 12, Houston Astros – 13 (10)
Minute Maid Park
5:17
43,300[38]

6
000000002018-10-31-0000October 31
Houston Astros – 1, Los Angeles Dodgers – 3
Dodger Stadium
3:22
54,128[39]

7
000000002018-11-01-0000November 1
Houston Astros – 5, Los Angeles Dodgers – 1
Dodger Stadium
3:37
54,124[40]

tag: table

text: Pre-game ceremonies[edit]

text: Game 1: The ceremonial first pitch was thrown out by members of former Dodger Jackie Robinson's family, including his widow Rachel.[41] The game marked the 45th anniversary of Robinson's death, and the 2017 season was the 70th anniversary of his breaking of the baseball color line.[42] Keith Williams Jr., a gospel singer, performed "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem.[43]

tag: ul

text: Game 2: Fernando Valenzuela threw out the ceremonial first pitch to Steve Yeager; both were introduced by retired Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully.[44][45] Country music's Brad Paisley performed the national anthem.[46]

text: Game 3: Houston Texans defensive end J. J. Watt, who had raised $37 million for Hurricane Harvey victims, threw out the first pitch. The ball was given to him by Astros' Hall of Famer Craig Biggio.[47][48] The national anthem was performed by Texas Air National Guard Master Sergeant Promise Harris.[49]

text: Game 4: Hailey Dawson, a seven-year-old girl from Nevada, threw out the ceremonial first pitch using a 3D printed hand.[50][51] The national anthem was performed by the Houston Police Department Quartet.[49]

text: Game 5: Former President of the United States George W. Bush threw out the ceremonial first pitch. His father, former President George H. W. Bush handed him the ball.[52] Justin Verlander caught the pitch. Country singer Clay Walker performed the national anthem.[49]

text: Game 6: Orel Hershiser and Tommy Lasorda, celebrating the Dodgers' 1988 World Series title, each threw out the ceremonial first pitch.[53] Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officer Rosalind Curry performed the national anthem.[54]

text: Game 7: The LAPD Quartet sang the National Anthem. The first pitch was thrown out by Sandy Koufax. Rick Monday, Steve Garvey and Don Newcombe participated as well.[55]

text: Game summaries[edit]

text: Game 1[edit]

text:
October 24, 2017, 5:11 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 103 °F (39 °C), clear

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0

Los Angeles
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
X
3
6
0

WP: Clayton Kershaw (1–0)   LP: Dallas Keuchel (0–1)   Sv: Kenley Jansen (1)
Home runs:
HOU: Alex Bregman (1)
LAD: Chris Taylor (1), Justin Turner (1)
Attendance: 54,253

text: The temperature at the start of the game was 103 °F (39 °C), which made this the hottest World Series game ever recorded.[56] Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros.[57]

text: Chris Taylor hit a home run for the Dodgers on Keuchel's first pitch of the game. It was the third home run to leadoff a game in Dodgers postseason history (following Davey Lopes in 1978 World Series and Carl Crawford in 2013 NLDS).[58] Alex Bregman hit a tying solo home run for the Astros in the fourth inning. In the sixth inning, Justin Turner hit a go-ahead two-run home run for the Dodgers. Turner tied Duke Snider for most career runs batted in (RBIs) in Dodgers postseason history with 26.[59] Kershaw struck out 11 in seven innings pitched with no walks and only three hits allowed while Keuchel allowed three runs on six hits in 6 2⁄3 innings. Brandon Morrow pitched a scoreless eighth and Kenley Jansen earned the save.[60] The two-hour, 28-minute game was the shortest World Series contest since Game 4 in 1992.[61]

text: Game 2[edit]

text:
October 25, 2017, 5:17 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 93 °F (34 °C), clear

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
7
14
1

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
1
6
5
0

WP: Chris Devenski (1–0)   LP: Brandon McCarthy (0–1)
Home runs:
HOU: Marwin González (1), José Altuve (1), Carlos Correa (1), George Springer (1)
LAD: Joc Pederson (1), Corey Seager (1), Yasiel Puig (1), Charlie Culberson (1)
Attendance: 54,293

text: The starting pitchers for Game 2 were Rich Hill for the Dodgers and Justin Verlander for the Astros. The Astros scored first when Bregman drove in Josh Reddick with a hit in the third inning. Hill struck out seven in four innings but was replaced by Kenta Maeda in the fifth. Joc Pederson tied the game with a solo home run in the bottom of the fifth inning, and the Dodgers took the lead when Corey Seager hit a two-run home run in the bottom of the sixth inning. Verlander allowed two hits, both home runs, in his six innings pitched. Carlos Correa drove in the Astros' second run of the game on a single in the eighth, ending the Dodgers bullpen's streak of 28 consecutive scoreless innings in the postseason. Marwin González hit a home run off Jansen in the ninth to tie the game.[62] This was only Jansen's second blown save all season and snapped his streak of converting his first 12 postseason save opportunities, a major league record.[63]

text: The game went into extra innings. José Altuve and Correa hit home runs off Josh Fields in the tenth inning to put the Astros in the lead. In the bottom of the inning, Yasiel Puig hit a home run off of Ken Giles and Enrique Hernández drove in Logan Forsythe to tie the game, with the latter being the Dodgers' first run that was not driven in by a home run. In the next inning, George Springer hit a two-run home run for the Astros off of Brandon McCarthy to retake the lead. In the bottom of the 11th inning, Charlie Culberson homered off of Chris Devenski, who later struck out Puig to end the game. This was the first ever World Series game in which a team hit home runs in the ninth, tenth and eleventh inning. [62][64] The teams set a new record for combined home runs in a single World Series game with eight[65] and this was the first time in MLB history, regular season or postseason, that five home runs were hit in extra innings.[66] The Astros won their first World Series game in franchise history as they had been swept in their previous appearance in 2005.[67][68]

text: Game 3[edit]

text:
October 27, 2017, 7:21 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 65 °F (18 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Los Angeles
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
2

Houston
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
X
5
12
0

WP: Lance McCullers Jr. (1–0)   LP: Yu Darvish (0–1)   Sv: Brad Peacock (1)
Home runs:
LAD: None
HOU: Yuli Gurriel (1)
Attendance: 43,282

text: The starting pitchers for Game 3 were Yu Darvish for the Dodgers and Lance McCullers Jr. for the Astros. The Astros scored four runs in the bottom of the second inning on a home run by Yuli Gurriel and RBIs by González, Brian McCann, and Bregman.[69] Darvish left the game after 1 2⁄3 innings, which was the shortest outing of his career.[70] The Dodgers scored one run in the top of the third inning as Seager grounded into a double play after McCullers loaded the bases with three consecutive walks.[69][71] The Astros added another run in the fifth on an RBI single by Evan Gattis and the Dodgers added two in the sixth on an RBI groundout by Puig and a wild pitch. McCullers wound up pitching 51⁄3 innings and allowed three runs on four hits.[72][73] Brad Peacock replaced McCullers, completing the final 3 2⁄3 innings with no hits allowed and four strikeouts to earn his first major league save. It was the longest hitless World Series relief outing since Ron Taylor's four innings in Game 4 of the 1964 Series, and tied Ken Clay for the longest hitless postseason save, first accomplished in the 1978 ALCS.[74]

text: Gurriel made a racially insensitive gesture in the dugout after his home run. He stretched the sides of his eyes and mouthing the Spanish word chinito, which translates to "little Chinese Boy"; Darvish is from Japan.[75][76] Gurriel apologized, and said that anyone from Asia is called a chino in Cuba, although he acknowledged knowing that the term was offensive in Japan from having played there.[75][77] As a result, Rob Manfred, the Commissioner of Baseball, suspended Gurriel for the first five games of the 2018 MLB season without pay, but allowed him to continue playing in the World Series.[78][79]

text: Game 4[edit]

text:
October 28, 2017, 7:20 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 67 °F (19 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
6
7
0

Houston
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
2
0

WP: Tony Watson (1–0)   LP: Ken Giles (0–1)
Home runs:
LAD: Joc Pederson (2)
HOU: George Springer (2), Alex Bregman (2)
Attendance: 43,322

text: The starting pitchers for Game 4 were Alex Wood for the Dodgers and Charlie Morton for the Astros.[80] Springer homered off Wood in the bottom of the sixth for the first run of the ballgame. It was the only hit Wood allowed in 5 2⁄3 innings pitched in the game. Forsythe drove in Cody Bellinger to tie the game in the top of the seventh. Morton struck out seven and only allowed three hits and one run in 61⁄3 innings.[81] Bellinger then drove in the go-ahead run with a double in the top of the ninth off of Giles and the Dodgers added four more runs on a sacrifice fly by Austin Barnes and a three-run homer by Pederson. Bregman hit a home run off of Jansen in the bottom of the ninth inning, but the Dodgers won the game to even up the series. The Astros had two hits in the game; both were home runs. This was the first game in World Series history where both starting pitchers allowed four or fewer baserunners.[82]

text: After Game 4, both teams' pitching coaches, Rick Honeycutt for the Dodgers and Brent Strom for the Astros, commented on how the baseball being used for the World Series is slicker than the baseball used during the regular season. Pitchers on both teams noted that this difference has made it more difficult for them to throw their sliders.[83]

text: Game 5[edit]

text:
October 29, 2017, 7:21 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 69 °F (21 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Los Angeles
3
0
0
1
3
0
1
1
3
0
12
14
1

Houston
0
0
0
4
3
0
4
1
0
1
13
14
1

WP: Joe Musgrove (1–0)   LP: Kenley Jansen (0–1)
Home runs:
LAD: Cody Bellinger (1), Yasiel Puig (2)
HOU: Yuli Gurriel (2), José Altuve (2), George Springer (3), Carlos Correa (2), Brian McCann (1)
Attendance: 43,300

text: Kershaw and Keuchel started Game 5, in a rematch of the opening game of the series.[84] Forsythe singled in two runs off of Keuchel in the first inning to put the Dodgers up early. A third run scored on a throwing error by Gurriel. Barnes singled in the fourth to score Forsythe. Keuchel pitched 3 2⁄3 innings for the Astros, allowing five hits and four runs (three earned). The Astros scored their first run with an RBI double by Correa in the bottom of the fourth inning, followed by a three-run home run by Gurriel to tie the game. Bellinger hit a three-run home run off of Collin McHugh in the top of the fifth to put the Dodgers back on top only for Altuve to hit his own three-run home run in the bottom of the inning off Maeda to tie it back up. Kershaw pitched 42⁄3 innings and allowed six runs on four hits and three walks.

text: A triple by Bellinger on a line drive that Springer missed on a dive in the seventh inning off of Peacock scored Hernández from first base. In the bottom of the seventh inning, Springer hit a home run off the first pitch he saw off of Morrow, who was pitching for the third consecutive day, to tie the game. Bregman scored on a double by Altuve to put the Astros ahead for the first time in the game, and then Correa hit a two-run home run to extend the lead. Seager doubled in a run in the top of the eighth inning, but McCann hit a home run in the bottom of the inning. That was the 21st home run of the series, tying the record set in the 2002 World Series. Puig broke the record with a two-run home run in the top of the ninth inning. Down to their last strike, Chris Taylor drove in Barnes to tie the game with a single.[85]

text: In the tenth inning, McCann was hit by a pitch to put him on base with two outs. Subsequently, Springer walked on five pitches to move McCann to second base. McCann was then replaced by pinch runner Derek Fisher.[86] On the next pitch, Bregman singled in Fisher for the winning run.[87] The Astros became only the second team to come back twice from three runs down in a World Series game,[88] the other was the Toronto Blue Jays in the 15–14 win during Game 4 of the 1993 World Series. The six game tying home runs in the series to this point is the most for any World Series on record.[89] This World Series set a new record for most players to hit a home run (14 to date in the World Series).[88] With the teams combining to score 25 runs throughout the game, this was the highest scoring World Series game since the Florida Marlins defeated the Cleveland Indians 14–11 in Game 3 of the 1997 World Series.[90] Game 5 lasted five hours and seventeen minutes, making it the second longest World Series game in history by time.[91][92]

text: Game 6[edit]

text:
October 31, 2017, 5:21 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 67 °F (19 °C), overcast

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
0

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
X
3
5
0

WP: Tony Watson (2–0)   LP: Justin Verlander (0–1)   Sv: Kenley Jansen (2)
Home runs:
HOU: George Springer (4)
LAD: Joc Pederson (3)
Attendance: 54,128

text: Game 6 featured the same starting pitchers as the second game: Verlander and Hill. Springer hit a solo home run off of Hill in the top of the third for the first run of the night.[93] It was Springer's fourth homer of the series, tied for third all-time in a single series and joining Gene Tenace, in 1972, as the only players with four game-tying or go-ahead home runs in a World Series.[94] Springer also joined Hank Bauer in the 1958 World Series and Barry Bonds in the 2002 World Series with four home runs in a series.[95] The Astros loaded the bases in the fifth inning, but did not score. Hill pitched 4 2⁄3 innings, struck out five and allowed four hits and one run.[93]

text: In the sixth inning, Taylor tied the game with an RBI double and Seager hit a sacrifice fly to give the Dodgers the lead.[96] Verlander pitched six innings with nine strikeouts and only three hits allowed. Pederson hit a home run in the bottom of the seventh inning and Jansen pitched two scoreless innings for the save.[97] Pederson tied a World Series record with his fifth consecutive game with an extra base hit and Andre Ethier, who appeared in the game as a pinch hitter, set a new Dodgers franchise record with his 50th career postseason game.[98]

text: Game 7[edit]

text:
November 1, 2017, 5:21 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 69 °F (21 °C), partly cloudy

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
1

WP: Charlie Morton (1–0)   LP: Yu Darvish (0–2)
Home runs:
HOU: George Springer (5)
LAD: None
Attendance: 54,124

text: This was the first World Series Game 7 to be played at Dodger Stadium (and the first postseason Game 7 at the stadium since the 1988 NLCS, and the Dodgers' first World Series Game 7 since 1965).[99] It was also the first time since the 1931 World Series that a Game 7 occurred in a Series with both teams having won at least 100 games during the season.[100] This was the first time since the 2001 World Series and 2002 World Series that back-to-back Fall Classics had a Game 7.[101]

text: The starting pitchers for this game were the same as in the third game: McCullers and Darvish.[102] Springer doubled to open the game and scored the first run on an error by Bellinger, which allowed Bregman to reach second base. Bregman stole third base and scored on an Altuve groundout. McCann scored the next inning on a groundout hit by the pitcher McCullers. Springer hit a two-run home run, his fifth of the series, tying Reggie Jackson and Chase Utley for most home runs in a single World Series and setting a new record with 29 total bases in any postseason series. As in Game 3, Darvish lasted only 1 2⁄3 innings (tying the shortest outing of his career) and became the third pitcher with two starts of less than two innings in a World Series, and the first since Art Ditmar in the 1960 World Series. Morrow relieved Darvish and in the process became only the second pitcher to pitch in all seven games of a single World Series, joining Darold Knowles in the 1973 World Series. McCullers lasted only 21⁄3 innings himself; he allowed three hits and hit a World Series record four batters. This was the first Game 7 in World Series history where neither starting pitcher got past the third inning.[103]

text: The Dodgers failed to score a run and left eight men on base through five innings.[104] Ethier, pinch hitting, scored Pederson on a single in the sixth inning for the Dodgers' only run. They only had one hit in 13 chances with runners in scoring position in the game.[103] Kershaw pitched four scoreless innings of relief in the game, and in the process, he broke Orel Hershiser's Dodgers postseason record with his 33rd strikeout.[105] Morton pitched four innings of relief to earn the win, as Corey Seager grounded out to José Altuve, who threw to Yuli Gurriel to end the game, with the Astros winning their first championship in franchise history, and ending their 56-year drought.[103] Springer won the World Series MVP Award.[5]

text: After Game 7, Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted.[106]

text: Composite line score[edit]

text: 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros beat Los Angeles Dodgers.

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Houston Astros
2
7
2
5
4
1
4
2
2
3
2
34
56
2

Los Angeles Dodgers
4
0
1
1
4
9
3
1
8
2
1
34
47
4

Home runs:
HOU: George Springer (5), José Altuve (2), Alex Bregman (2), Carlos Correa (2), Yuli Gurriel (2), Marwin González (1), Brian McCann (1)
LAD: Joc Pederson (3), Yasiel Puig (2), Cody Bellinger (1), Charlie Culberson (1), Corey Seager (1), Chris Taylor (1), Justin Turner (1)
Total attendance: 346,702   Average attendance: 49,529
Winning player's share: $438,901.57.   Losing player's share: $259,722.14.

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: Fox broadcast the series in the United States, with Joe Buck serving as the play-by-play announcer, along with John Smoltz as color commentator and Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci as field reporters.[107] For Fox Deportes, Rolando Nichols provided play-by-play while Carlos Álvarez and Edgar Gonzalez provided color commentary.[108]

text: Kevin Burkhardt hosted the pregame shows, joined by analysts Keith Hernandez, David Ortiz, Alex Rodriguez, and Frank Thomas.[109] Outside the United States, MLB International televised the series, with Matt Vasgersian on play-by-play and Buck Martinez doing color commentary.[110]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: According to Nielsen ratings, this series was the third highest rated since 2005, trailing only the 2009 World Series and the 2016 World Series.[111] For the second straight year, a World Series game, Game 5, beat out NBC Sunday Night Football in ratings.[112]

text:
Game
Ratings
(households)
Share
(households)
U.S. audience
(in millions)
Ref

1
8.7
15
14.97
[113][114]

2
9.2
18
15.48
[115][116]

3
8.8
17
15.68
[117][118]

4
8.7
17
15.40
[119][120]

5
10.5
21
18.94
[121][122]

6
12.6
23
22.23
[123][124]

7
15.8
28
28.24
[125][126]

text: Radio[edit]

text: ESPN Radio broadcast the series nationally in English, with Dan Shulman providing the play-by-play and Aaron Boone serving as color analyst. Tim Kurkjian and Buster Olney served as reporters for the network, while Marc Kestecher hosted the pre-game and post-game coverage along with analyst Chris Singleton. The ESPN Radio coverage was carried on affiliated stations throughout the United States and Canada, as well as online at ESPN.com and via the ESPN mobile app. Spanish-language coverage was provided by ESPN Deportes Radio, with Eduardo Ortega, Renato Bermúdez, José Francisco Rivera, and Orlando Hernández announcing.[127]

text: Locally, both teams' flagship radio stations broadcast the series with their regular announcers. Sportstalk 790 aired the English-language broadcast for the Houston area, with Robert Ford and Steve Sparks calling the games.[110] In Los Angeles, AM 570 LA Sports aired the English-language broadcast, with Charley Steiner and Rick Monday announcing.[110] In Spanish, Univision America 1020 carried the broadcast, with Jaime Jarrín and Jorge Jarrín on the call. In Korean, Radio Korea 1540 aired the series, with Richard Choi and Chong Ho Yim in the booth.[128]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: For the first time, MLB sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series;[129] the internet television service YouTube TV is the first-ever presenting sponsor of the World Series. The series is officially known as the 2017 World Series Presented by YouTube TV.[3] This sponsorship includes logo branding in-stadium and on official digital properties, as well as commercial inventory during Fox's telecasts of the games.[130]

text: Impact and aftermath[edit]

text: The Astros earned $30,420,155.57 from postseason pool money to split among team personnel; each share was worth $438,901.57. The Dodgers received $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14[131] The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting.[132]

text: The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was "Houston Astros' Day". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade.[133] Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated's November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a Sports Illustrated from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series.[134]


document_title: Lake Texcoco

question_text: when did the aztecs settle in lake texcoco

text: Lake Texcoco

text: History[edit]

text: Between the Pleistocene era and the last glacial period, the lake occupied the entire Mexico Valley. Lake Texcoco reached its maximum extent 11,000 years ago with a size of about 2,189 square miles and over 500ft deep. When the lake's water level fell it created several paleo-lakes that would connect with each other from time to time. At the north in the modern community of San Miguel Tocuilla there is a great paleontological field, with a lot of pleistocenic fauna. The Lake was primarily fed by snowmelt and rain runoff when the Mexico Valley had a temperate climate. Between 11,000 and 6,000 years ago, the climate naturally warmed and snowfall in central Mexico became less prevalent. This caused the water level of the lake to drop over the next several millennia. Remnants of the ancient shoreline that Lake Texcoco had from the last glacial period can be seen on some slopes of Mount Tlaloc as well as mountains west of Mexico City. The disarticulated remains of seven mammoths dated between 10,220 ± 75 and 12,615 ± 95 years (BP) were found, suggesting human presence.[1] It is believed that the lake disappeared and re-formed at least 10 times in the last 30,000 years.

text: Agriculture around the lake began about 7,000 years ago,[2] with humans following the patterns of periodic inundations of the lake.

text: Several villages appeared on the northeast side of the lake between 1700 and 1250 BC. By 1250 BC the identifying signs of the Tlatilco culture, including more complex settlements and a stratified social structure, are seen around the lake. By roughly 800 BC Cuicuilco had eclipsed the Tlatilco cultural centers and was the major power in the Valley of Mexico during the next 200 years when its famous conical pyramid was built. The Xitle volcano destroyed Cuicuilco around AD 30, a destruction that may have given rise to Teotihuacan.

text: After the fall of Teotihuacan, AD 600–800, several other city states appeared around the lake, including Xoloc, Azcapotzalco, Tlacopan, Coyohuacan, Culhuacán, Chimalpa and Chimalhuacán – mainly from Toltec and Chichimeca influence. None of these predominated and they coexisted more or less in peace for several centuries. This time was described as a Golden age in Aztec chronicles. By the year 1300, however, the Tepanec from Azcapotzalco were beginning to dominate the area.

text: Tenochtitlan[edit]

text: According to a traditional story, the Mexica wandered in the deserts of modern Mexico for 100 years before they came to the thick forests of the place now called the Valley of Mexico.

text: Tenochtitlan was founded on an islet in the western part of the lake in the year 1325. Around it, the Aztecs created a large artificial island using a system similar to the creation of chinampas. To overcome the problems of drinking water, the Aztecs built a system of dams to separate the salty waters of the lake from the rain water of the effluents.[3] It also permitted them to control the level of the lake. The city also had an inner system of channels that helped to control the water.

text: The Aztec ruler Ahuitzotl attempted to built an aqueduct that would take fresh from the mainland to the lakes surrounding the Tenochtitlan city. The aqueduct failed, and the city suffered a major flood in 1502. [4][5]

text: During Cortés's siege of Tenochtitlan in 1521, the dams were destroyed, and never rebuilt, so flooding became a big problem for the new Mexico City built over Tenochtitlan.

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Valley of Mexico is a basin with an average elevation of 2,236 metres (7,336 ft) above mean sea level located in the southern highlands of Mexico's central altiplano. Lake Texcoco formerly extended over a large portion of the southern half of the basin, where it was the largest of an interconnected chain of five major and several smaller lakes (the other main lakes being Xaltocan, Zumpango, Chalco and Xochimilco lakes). During periods of high water levels—typically after the May-to-October rainy seasons—the lakes were often joined as one body of water, at an average elevation of 2,242 metres (7,356 ft) above mean sea level. In the drier winter months the lake system tended to separate into individual bodies of water, a flow that was mitigated by the construction of dikes and causeways in the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology. Lake Texcoco was the lowest-lying of all the lakes, and occupied the minimum elevation in the valley so that water ultimately drained towards it. The Valley of Mexico is a closed or endorheic basin. Because there is no outflow, evapotranspiration is estimated to be 72-79% of precipitation.[6]

text: Artificial drainage[edit]

text: Mexico City suffered from periodic floods; in 1604 the lake flooded the city, with an even more severe flood following in 1607. Under the direction of Enrico Martínez, a drain was built to control the level of the lake, but in 1629 another flood kept most of the city covered for five years. At that time, it was debated whether to relocate the city, but the Spanish authorities decided to keep the current location.

text: Eventually the lake was drained by the channels and a tunnel to the Pánuco River, but even that could not stop floods, since by then most of the city was under the water table. The flooding could not be completely controlled until the twentieth century. In 1967, construction of the Drenaje Profundo ("Deep Drainage System"), a network of several hundred kilometers of tunnels, was done, at a depth between 30 and 250 metres (98 and 820 ft). The central tunnel has a diameter of 6.5 metres (21.3 ft) and carries rain water out of the basin.

text: The ecological consequences of the draining were enormous. Parts of the valleys were turned semi-arid, and even today Mexico City suffers for lack of water. Due to overdrafting that is depleting the aquifer beneath the city, Mexico City is estimated to have dropped 10 meters in the last century.[7] Furthermore, because soft lake sediments underlie most of Mexico City, the city has proven vulnerable to soil liquefaction during earthquakes, most notably in the 1985 earthquake when hundreds of buildings collapsed and thousands of lives were lost.[8]

text: The term "Texcoco Lake" now refers only to a big area surrounded by salt marshes 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Mexico City, which covers the ancient lake bed. Also there are small remnants of the lakes of Xochimilco, Chalco, and Zumpango.

text: Several species indigenous to the lake are now extinct or endangered (e.g. axolotls).

text: The modern Texcoco Lake has a high concentration of salts and its waters are evaporated for their processing. A Mexican company, "Sosa Texcoco S.A" has an 800-hectare (2,000-acre) solar evaporator known as El Caracol.

text: Land reclamation of the lakebed was part of Mexico's attempts at development in the twentieth century.[9]


document_title: Yellow brick road

question_text: where is the real yellow brick road located

text: Yellow brick road

text: Road's history[edit]

text: The following is an excerpt from the third chapter of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, in which Dorothy sets off to see the Wizard:

text: ..."There were several roads near by, but it did not take Dorothy long to find the one paved with yellow bricks. Within a short time she was walking briskly toward the Emerald City; her Silver Shoes tinkling merrily on the hard, yellow road-bed ".

text: The road is first introduced in the third chapter of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The road begins in the heart of the eastern quadrant called Munchkin Country in the Land of Oz. It functions as a guideline that leads all who follow it, to the road's ultimate destination—the imperial capital of Oz called Emerald City that is located in the exact center of the entire continent. In the book, the novel's main protagonist, Dorothy, is forced to search for the road before she can begin her quest to seek the Wizard. This is because the cyclone from Kansas did not release her farmhouse closely near it as it did in the various film adaptations. After the council with the native Munchkins and their dear friend the Good Witch of the North, Dorothy begins looking for it and sees many pathways and roads nearby, (all of which lead in various directions). Thankfully it doesn't take her too long to spot the one paved with bright yellow bricks.

text: Later in the book, Dorothy and her companions, the Scarecrow, Tin Woodman and Cowardly Lion discover that the road has fallen into disrepair in some parts of the land, having several broken chasms ending at dangerous cliffs with deadly drops. In the end of the book we learn the road's history; unlike in Walt Disney's prequel film Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), the Emerald City and yellow brick road did not exist prior to Oz's arrival. When Oscar Diggs arrived in Oz via hot air-balloon that had been swept away in a storm, the people of the land were convinced he was a great "Wizard" who had finally come to fulfill Oz's long-awaited prophecy. Since the recent fall of Oz's mortal King Pastoria, and the mysterious disappearance of his baby daughter Princess Ozma, Oscar immediately proclaimed himself as Oz's new dominant ruler and had his people build the road as well as the city in his honor.

text: In the second Oz book, The Marvelous Land of Oz, Tip and his companion Jack Pumpkinhead, likewise follow a yellow brick road to reach Emerald City while traveling from Oz's northern quadrant, the Gillikin Country.[1] In the book The Patchwork Girl of Oz, it is revealed that there are two yellow brick roads from Munchkin Country to the Emerald City: according to the Shaggy Man, Dorothy took the longer and more dangerous one in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.[1]

text: In the classic 1939 film, a red brick road can be seen starting at the same point as the yellow brick road and is entwined with it, despite seemingly going in a different direction. This version of the road does not exist in Baum's books. Also, at the cornfield where Dorothy meets and befriends the Scarecrow, there is a fork in the yellow brick road leading in different directions. Luckily they choose the correct one of the three branches that leads to Emerald City.

text: In Disney's 1985 live action semi-sequel to the 1939 movie Return to Oz, Dorothy returns to Oz six months after being sent back home to Kansas from her first visit. Upon her second arrival she finds the yellow brick road in ruins by the hands of the evil Nome King who also conquered the Emerald City. In the end, it is presumed that after she defeats him and saves the city and its citizens, the road is restored as well.

text: Real yellow brick roads[edit]

text: The actual road is believed to be one in Peekskill, New York, where L. Frank Baum attended Peekskill Military Academy.[2] According to a local legend, the Yellow Brick Road was derived from a road paved with yellow bricks near Holland, Michigan, where Baum spent summers.[citation needed] Ithaca, New York, also makes a claim for being Frank Baum's inspiration. He opened a road tour of his musical, The Maid of Arran, in Ithaca, and he met his future wife Maud Gage Baum while she was attending Cornell University. At the time, yellow bricks paved local roads.[3] Yellow brick roads can also be found in Aberdeen, South Dakota; Albany, New York; Rossville (Baltimore County), Maryland; Montclair, New Jersey (Parkhurst Place and Afterglow Way); Bronxville, New York (on Prescott and Valley roads); Chicago, Illinois; Liberal, Kansas; Sedan, Kansas and Chittenango, New York, as well as a school in Abington, Pennsylvania, and abroad in Sofia, Bulgaria.

text: Two direct, and the only published, references to the origin of the Yellow Brick Road came from Baum's own descendants: his son Frank Joslyn Baum in To Please A Child and the other by Roger S. Baum, the great-grandson of L. Frank Baum who stated, "Most people don't realize that the Wizard of Oz was written in Chicago, and the Yellow Brick Road was named after winding cobblestone roads in Holland, Michigan, where great-grandfather spent vacations with his family."

text: Dallas, Texas makes a claim that Baum once stayed at a downtown hotel during his newspaper career (located near what is now the Triple Underpass) at a time when the streets were paved with wooden blocks of Bois D'Arc also known as Osage Orange. Supposedly, after a rainstorm the sun came out and he saw a bright yellow brick road from the window of his room.

text: The Vision Oz Fund was established in November 2009 to raise funds that will be used to help increase the awareness, enhancement, and further development of Oz-related attractions and assets in Wamego, Kansas. The first fundraiser is underway and includes selling personalized engraved yellow bricks, which will become part of the permanent walkway (aka "The Yellow Brick Road") in downtown Wamego.[4]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
Inspired the title, artwork, and title song of Elton John's 1973 album Goodbye Yellow Brick Road.
Inspired the title of the song by American musician, artist and poet Don Van Vliet, also known as Captain Beefheart, on his 1967 album Safe as Milk.
Inspired the title of the 2010 horror film YellowBrickRoad.
A song by Arctic Monkeys is called "Old Yellow Bricks."
Commenting on the song "The Sweet Escape," singer Gwen Stefani stated that it would put her "on the yellow brick road to the No Doubt record I might do."[5]
Oprah Winfrey has referred to her success as a "yellow brick road of blessings" during both the announcement of the decision to end her talk show and the farewell episode.[6][7]
Angus and Julia Stone also referred to the Yellow Brick Road in a song of the same name.
The American band Breaking Benjamin also referred to the Yellow Brick Road in their song "Home".
In "Gypsy", a song from Lady Gaga's Artpop, she sings "So I just packed my baggage and / Said goodbye to family and friends / And took a road to nowhere on my own / Like Dorothy on the yellow brick / Hope my ruby shoes get us there quick."[8]
The band Muse use a sample of "Follow the Yellow Brick Road" in the outro of their 2015 song Reapers.
Inspired the title of the famous ice cream shop Yellow Brick Road in Brick, NJ.[9]
Eminem used "Yellow Brick Road" as title to the track number 4 from his album Encore, which portrays his childhood.
The road also appears in "Lego Dimensions", where the main characters: Batman, Gandalf, and Wyldstyle arrive at and they encounter Dorothy and her group along with the Wicked Witch of the West. Later, fragments of the road were summon to help the trio reach Foundation Prime's palace.


document_title: Sing (2016 American film)

question_text: who does the voice of the porcupine in sing

text: Sing (2016 American film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends two extra zeroes, and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.

text: Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include: housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; punk-rock porcupine Ash; a trio of frogs; and a camel named Pete. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute, but agrees to see a private screening of the show.

text: Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When the frogs quit, and Pete is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray. After discovering Lance with a new girlfriend and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.

text: The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (besides Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.

text: When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free." Mike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house. The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, a white mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice and an arrogant attitude.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][6]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][8]

Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana

Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[9][7]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as a Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.
Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings as Piglets.

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[11] which was originally titled Lunch,[12] and then retitled as Sing.[5]

text: On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[6] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]

text: The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[13] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[14]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.

text: Release[edit]

text: The almost complete[15] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[16] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[17]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[18]

text:
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sing grossed $270.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $364 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $634.3 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[19]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[20] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[21] It went on to gross $35.3 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[22] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[23]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Sing received positive reviews from critics. On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 157 reviews; the average rating is 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[24] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[25] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[26]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[27] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[28] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[29] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[30] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[31]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 6, 2017
Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up
Sing
Nominated
[32]

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production
Joby Talbot
[33]

Golden Globe Awards
January 8, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sing
[34]

Best Original Song
"Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Song – Animated Film
[35][36]

Best Soundtrack Album
Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Outstanding Music Supervision – Film
Jojo Villanueva
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
March 11, 2017
Favorite Animated Movie
Sing
Nominated
[37]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Reese Witherspoon

Most Wanted Pet

Favorite Soundtrack
Sing

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[38]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[39]