document_title: List of World Championships in Athletics medalists (men)

question_text: who won the 100 m world championship 2017

text: Track[edit]

text: 100 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Carl Lewis (USA)
 Calvin Smith (USA)
 Emmit King (USA)

1987 Rome
details
 Carl Lewis (USA)
 Raymond Stewart (JAM)
 Linford Christie (GBR)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Carl Lewis (USA)
 Leroy Burrell (USA)
 Dennis Mitchell (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Linford Christie (GBR)
 Andre Cason (USA)
 Dennis Mitchell (USA)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Donovan Bailey (CAN)
 Bruny Surin (CAN)
 Ato Boldon (TRI)

1997 Athens
details
 Maurice Greene (USA)
 Donovan Bailey (CAN)
 Tim Montgomery (USA)

1999 Seville
details
 Maurice Greene (USA)
 Bruny Surin (CAN)
 Dwain Chambers (GBR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Maurice Greene (USA)
 Bernard Williams (USA)
 Ato Boldon (TRI)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Kim Collins (SKN)
 Darrel Brown (TRI)
 Darren Campbell (GBR)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Justin Gatlin (USA)
 Michael Frater (JAM)
 Kim Collins (SKN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Tyson Gay (USA)
 Derrick Atkins (BAH)
 Asafa Powell (JAM)

2009 Berlin
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Tyson Gay (USA)
 Asafa Powell (JAM)

2011 Daegu
details
 Yohan Blake (JAM)
 Walter Dix (USA)
 Kim Collins (SKN)

2013 Moscow
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Justin Gatlin (USA)
 Nesta Carter (JAM)

2015 Beijing
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Justin Gatlin (USA)
 Trayvon Bromell (USA)

 Andre De Grasse (CAN)

2017 London
details
 Justin Gatlin (USA)
 Christian Coleman (USA)
 Usain Bolt (JAM)

text: 200 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Calvin Smith (USA)
 Elliott Quow (USA)
 Pietro Mennea (ITA)

1987 Rome
details
 Calvin Smith (USA)
 Gilles Quénéhervé (FRA)
 John Regis (GBR)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Michael Johnson (USA)
 Frankie Fredericks (NAM)
 Atlee Mahorn (CAN)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Frankie Fredericks (NAM)
 John Regis (GBR)
 Carl Lewis (USA)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Michael Johnson (USA)
 Frankie Fredericks (NAM)
 Jeff Williams (USA)

1997 Athens
details
 Ato Boldon (TRI)
 Frankie Fredericks (NAM)
 Claudinei da Silva (BRA)

1999 Seville
details
 Maurice Greene (USA)
 Claudinei da Silva (BRA)
 Francis Obikwelu (NGR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Konstantinos Kenteris (GRE)
 Christopher Williams (JAM)
 Shawn Crawford (USA)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 John Capel (USA)
 Darvis Patton (USA)
 Shingo Suetsugu (JPN)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Justin Gatlin (USA)
 Wallace Spearmon (USA)
 John Capel (USA)

2007 Osaka
details
 Tyson Gay (USA)
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Wallace Spearmon (USA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Alonso Edward (PAN)
 Wallace Spearmon (USA)

2011 Daegu
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Walter Dix (USA)
 Christophe Lemaitre (FRA)

2013 Moscow
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Warren Weir (JAM)
 Curtis Mitchell (USA)

2015 Beijing
details
 Usain Bolt (JAM)
 Justin Gatlin (USA)
 Anaso Jobodwana (RSA)

2017 London
details
 Ramil Guliyev (TUR)
 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)
 Jereem Richards (TTO)

text: 400 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Bert Cameron (JAM)
 Michael Franks (USA)
 Sunder Nix (USA)

1987 Rome
details
 Thomas Schönlebe (GDR)
 Innocent Egbunike (NGA)
 Harry Reynolds (USA)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Antonio Pettigrew (USA)
 Roger Black (GBR)
 Danny Everett (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Michael Johnson (USA)
 Butch Reynolds (USA)
 Samson Kitur (KEN)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Michael Johnson (USA)
 Butch Reynolds (USA)
 Greg Haughton (JAM)

1997 Athens
details
 Michael Johnson (USA)
 Davis Kamoga (UGA)
 Tyree Washington (USA)

1999 Seville
details
 Michael Johnson (USA)
 Sanderlei Parrela (BRA)
 Alejandro Cárdenas (MEX)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Avard Moncur (BAH)
 Ingo Schultz (GER)
 Greg Haughton (JAM)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Tyree Washington (USA)
 Marc Raquil (FRA)
 Michael Blackwood (JAM)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Jeremy Wariner (USA)
 Andrew Rock (USA)
 Tyler Christopher (CAN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Jeremy Wariner (USA)
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)
 Angelo Taylor (USA)

2009 Berlin
details
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)
 Jeremy Wariner (USA)
 Renny Quow (TRI)

2011 Daegu
details
 Kirani James (GRN)
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)
 Kevin Borlée (BEL)

2013 Moscow
details
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)
 Tony McQuay (USA)
 Luguelín Santos (DOM)

2015 Beijing
details
 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)
 LaShawn Merritt (USA)
 Kirani James (GRN)

2017 London
details
 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)
 Steven Gardiner (BAH)
 Abdalelah Haroun (QAT)

text: 800 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Willi Wülbeck (FRG)
 Rob Druppers (NED)
 Joaquim Cruz (BRA)

1987 Rome
details
 Billy Konchellah (KEN)
 Peter Elliott (GBR)
 José Luíz Barbosa (BRA)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Billy Konchellah (KEN)
 José Luíz Barbosa (BRA)
 Mark Everett (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Paul Ruto (KEN)
 Giuseppe D'Urso (ITA)
 Billy Konchellah (KEN)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Wilson Kipketer (DEN)
 Arthémon Hatungimana (BDI)
 Vebjørn Rodal (NOR)

1997 Athens
details
 Wilson Kipketer (DEN)
 Norberto Téllez (CUB)
 Rich Kenah (USA)

1999 Seville
details
 Wilson Kipketer (DEN)
 Hezekiél Sepeng (RSA)
 Djabir Saïd-Guerni (ALG)

2001 Edmonton
details
 André Bucher (SUI)
 Wilfred Bungei (KEN)
 Paweł Czapiewski (POL)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Djabir Saïd-Guerni (ALG)
 Yuriy Borzakovskiy (RUS)
 Mbulaeni Mulaudzi (RSA)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Rashid Ramzi (BHR)
 Yuriy Borzakovskiy (RUS)
 William Yiampoy (KEN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Alfred Kirwa Yego (KEN)
 Gary Reed (CAN)
 Yuriy Borzakovskiy (RUS)

2009 Berlin
details
 Mbulaeni Mulaudzi (RSA)
 Alfred Kirwa Yego (KEN)
 Yusuf Saad Kamel (BHR)

2011 Daegu
details
 David Rudisha (KEN)
 Abubaker Kaki (SUD)
 Yuriy Borzakovskiy (RUS)

2013 Moscow
details
 Mohammed Aman (ETH)
 Nick Symmonds (USA)
 Ayanleh Souleiman (DJI)

2015 Beijing
details
 David Rudisha (KEN)
 Adam Kszczot (POL)
 Amel Tuka (BIH)

2017 London
details
 Pierre-Ambroise Bosse (FRA)
 Adam Kszczot (POL)
 Kipyegon Bett (KEN)

text: 1500 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Steve Cram (GBR)
 Steve Scott (USA)
 Saïd Aouita (MAR)

1987 Rome
details
 Abdi Bile (SOM)
 José Luis González (ESP)
 Jim Spivey (USA)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Noureddine Morceli (ALG)
 Wilfred Kirochi (KEN)
 Hauke Fuhlbrügge (GER)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Noureddine Morceli (ALG)
 Fermín Cacho (ESP)
 Abdi Bile (SOM)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Noureddine Morceli (ALG)
 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)
 Vénuste Niyongabo (BDI)

1997 Athens
details
 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)
 Fermín Cacho (ESP)
 Reyes Estévez (ESP)

1999 Seville
details
 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)
 Noah Ngeny (KEN)
 Reyes Estévez (ESP)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)
 Bernard Lagat (KEN)
 Driss Maazouzi (FRA)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)
 Mehdi Baala (FRA)
 Ivan Heshko (UKR)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Rashid Ramzi (BHR)
 Adil Kaouch (MAR)
 Rui Silva (POR)

2007 Osaka
details
 Bernard Lagat (USA)
 Rashid Ramzi (BHR)
 Shedrack Kibet Korir (KEN)

2009 Berlin
details
 Yusuf Saad Kamel (BHR)
 Deresse Mekonnen (ETH)
 Bernard Lagat (USA)

2011 Daegu
details
 Asbel Kiprop (KEN)
 Silas Kiplagat (KEN)
 Matthew Centrowitz (USA)

2013 Moscow
details
 Asbel Kiprop (KEN)
 Matthew Centrowitz (USA)
 Johan Cronje (RSA)

2015 Beijing
details
 Asbel Kiprop (KEN)
 Elijah Manangoi (KEN)
 Abdalaati Iguider (MAR)

2017 London
details
 Elijah Manangoi (KEN)
 Timothy Cheruiyot (KEN)
 Filip Ingebrigtsen (NOR)

text: 5000 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Eamonn Coghlan (IRL)
 Werner Schildhauer (GDR)
 Martti Vainio (FIN)

1987 Rome
details
 Saïd Aouita (MAR)
 Domingos Castro (POR)
 Jack Buckner (GBR)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Yobes Ondieki (KEN)
 Fita Bayisa (ETH)
 Brahim Boutayeb (MAR)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Ismael Kirui (KEN)
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)
 Fita Bayisa (ETH)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Ismael Kirui (KEN)
 Khalid Boulami (MAR)
 Shem Kororia (KEN)

1997 Athens
details
 Daniel Komen (KEN)
 Khalid Boulami (MAR)
 Tom Nyariki (KEN)

1999 Seville
details
 Salah Hissou (MAR)
 Benjamin Limo (KEN)
 Mohammed Mourhit (BEL)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Richard Limo (KEN)
 Million Wolde (ETH)
 John Kibowen (KEN)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Eliud Kipchoge (KEN)
 Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR)
 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Benjamin Limo (KEN)
 Sileshi Sihine (ETH)
 Craig Mottram (AUS)

2007 Osaka
details
 Bernard Lagat (USA)
 Eliud Kipchoge (KEN)
 Moses Kipsiro (UGA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH)
 Bernard Lagat (USA)
 James Kwalia C'Kurui (QAT)

2011 Daegu
details
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Bernard Lagat (USA)
 Dejen Gebremeskel (ETH)

2013 Moscow
details
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Hagos Gebrhiwet (ETH)
 Isiah Koech (KEN)

2015 Beijing
details
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Caleb Ndiku (KEN)
 Hagos Gebrhiwet (ETH)

2017 London
details
 Muktar Edris (ETH)
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Paul Chelimo (USA)

text: 10,000 m[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Alberto Cova (ITA)
 Werner Schildhauer (GDR)
 Hansjörg Kunze (GDR)

1987 Rome
details
 Paul Kipkoech (KEN)
 Francesco Panetta (ITA)
 Hansjörg Kunze (GDR)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Moses Tanui (KEN)
 Richard Chelimo (KEN)
 Khalid Skah (MAR)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)
 Moses Tanui (KEN)
 Richard Chelimo (KEN)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)
 Khalid Skah (MAR)
 Paul Tergat (KEN)

1997 Athens
details
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)
 Paul Tergat (KEN)
 Salah Hissou (MAR)

1999 Seville
details
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)
 Paul Tergat (KEN)
 Assefa Mezgebu (ETH)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Charles Kamathi (KEN)
 Assefa Mezgebu (ETH)
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH)
 Haile Gebrselassie (ETH)
 Sileshi Sihine (ETH)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH)
 Sileshi Sihine (ETH)
 Moses Mosop (KEN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH)
 Sileshi Sihine (ETH)
 Martin Mathathi (KEN)

2009 Berlin
details
 Kenenisa Bekele (ETH)
 Zersenay Tadese (ERI)
 Moses Ndiema Masai (KEN)

2011 Daegu
details
 Ibrahim Jeilan (ETH)
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Imane Merga (ETH)

2013 Moscow
details
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Ibrahim Jeilan (ETH)
 Paul Tanui (KEN)

2015 Beijing
details
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Geoffrey Kipsang Kamworor (KEN)
 Paul Tanui (KEN)

2017 London
details
 Mo Farah (GBR)
 Joshua Kiprui Cheptegei (UGA)
 Paul Tanui (KEN)

text: 110 m hurdles[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Greg Foster (USA)
 Arto Bryggare (FIN)
 Willie Gault (USA)

1987 Rome
details
 Greg Foster (USA)
 Jon Ridgeon (GBR)
 Colin Jackson (GBR)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Greg Foster (USA)
 Jack Pierce (USA)
 Tony Jarrett (GBR)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Colin Jackson (GBR)
 Tony Jarrett (GBR)
 Jack Pierce (USA)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Allen Johnson (USA)
 Tony Jarrett (GBR)
 Roger Kingdom (USA)

1997 Athens
details
 Allen Johnson (USA)
 Colin Jackson (GBR)
 Igor Kováč (SVK)

1999 Seville
details
 Colin Jackson (GBR)
 Anier García (CUB)
 Duane Ross (USA)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Allen Johnson (USA)
 Anier García (CUB)
 Dudley Dorival (HAI)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Allen Johnson (USA)
 Terrence Trammell (USA)
 Liu Xiang (CHN)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Ladji Doucouré (FRA)
 Liu Xiang (CHN)
 Allen Johnson (USA)

2007 Osaka
details
 Liu Xiang (CHN)
 Terrence Trammell (USA)
 David Payne (USA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Ryan Brathwaite (BAR)
 Terrence Trammell (USA)
 David Payne (USA)

2011 Daegu
details
 Jason Richardson (USA)
 Liu Xiang (CHN)
 Andy Turner (GBR)

2013 Moscow
details
 David Oliver (USA)
 Ryan Wilson (USA)
 Sergey Shubenkov (RUS)

2015 Beijing
details
 Sergey Shubenkov (RUS)
 Hansle Parchment (JAM)
 Aries Merritt (USA)

2017 London
details
 Omar McLeod (JAM)
 Sergey Shubenkov (ANA)
 Balázs Baji (HUN)

text: 400 m hurdles[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Edwin Moses (USA)
 Harald Schmid (FRG)
 Aleksandr Kharlov (URS)

1987 Rome
details
 Edwin Moses (USA)
 Danny Harris (USA)
 Harald Schmid (FRG)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Samuel Matete (ZAM)
 Winthrop Graham (JAM)
 Kriss Akabusi (GBR)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Kevin Young (USA)
 Samuel Matete (ZAM)
 Winthrop Graham (JAM)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Derrick Adkins (USA)
 Samuel Matete (ZAM)
 Stéphane Diagana (FRA)

1997 Athens
details
 Stéphane Diagana (FRA)
 Llewellyn Herbert (RSA)
 Bryan Bronson (USA)

1999 Seville
details
 Fabrizio Mori (ITA)
 Stéphane Diagana (FRA)
 Marcel Schelbert (SUI)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Félix Sánchez (DOM)
 Fabrizio Mori (ITA)
 Dai Tamesue (JPN)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Félix Sánchez (DOM)
 Joey Woody (USA)
 Periklis Iakovakis (GRE)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Bershawn Jackson (USA)
 James Carter (USA)
 Dai Tamesue (JPN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Kerron Clement (USA)
 Félix Sánchez (DOM)
 Marek Plawgo (POL)

2009 Berlin
details
 Kerron Clement (USA)
 Javier Culson (PUR)
 Bershawn Jackson (USA)

2011 Daegu
details
 Dai Greene (GBR)
 Javier Culson (PUR)
 L. J. van Zyl (RSA)

2013 Moscow
details
 Jehue Gordon (TRI)
 Michael Tinsley (USA)
 Emir Bekrić (SRB)

2015 Beijing
details
 Nicholas Bett (KEN)
 Denis Kudryavtsev (RUS)
 Jeffery Gibson (BAH)

2017 London
details
 Karsten Warholm (NOR)
 Yasmani Copello (TUR)
 Kerron Clement (USA)

text: 3000 m steeplechase[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Patriz Ilg (FRG)
 Bogusław Mamiński (POL)
 Colin Reitz (GBR)

1987 Rome
details
 Francesco Panetta (ITA)
 Hagen Melzer (GDR)
 William Van Dijck (BEL)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Moses Kiptanui (KEN)
 Patrick Sang (KEN)
 Azzedine Brahmi (ALG)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Moses Kiptanui (KEN)
 Patrick Sang (KEN)
 Alessandro Lambruschini (ITA)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Moses Kiptanui (KEN)
 Christopher Kosgei (KEN)
 Saad Al-Asmari (KSA)

1997 Athens
details
 Wilson Boit Kipketer (KEN)
 Moses Kiptanui (KEN)
 Bernard Barmasai (KEN)

1999 Seville
details
 Christopher Kosgei (KEN)
 Wilson Boit Kipketer (KEN)
 Ali Ezzine (MAR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Reuben Kosgei (KEN)
 Ali Ezzine (MAR)
 Bernard Barmasai (KEN)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Saif Saaeed Shaheen (QAT)
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Eliseo Martín (ESP)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Saif Saaeed Shaheen (QAT)
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Brimin Kipruto (KEN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Brimin Kipruto (KEN)
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Richard Mateelong (KEN)

2009 Berlin
details
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Richard Mateelong (KEN)
 Bouabdellah Tahri (FRA)

2011 Daegu
details
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Brimin Kipruto (KEN)
 Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad (FRA)

2013 Moscow
details
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Conseslus Kipruto (KEN)
 Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad (FRA)

2015 Beijing
details
 Ezekiel Kemboi (KEN)
 Conseslus Kipruto (KEN)
 Brimin Kipruto (KEN)

2017 London
details
 Conseslus Kipruto (KEN)
 Soufiane El Bakkali (MAR)
 Evan Jager (USA)

text: 4 × 100 metres relay[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 United States (USA)
Emmit King
Willie Gault
Calvin Smith
Carl Lewis
 Italy (ITA)
Stefano Tilli
Carlo Simionato
Pierfrancesco Pavoni
Pietro Mennea
 Soviet Union (URS)
Andrey Prokofyev
Nikolay Sidorov
Vladimir Muravyov
Viktor Bryzhin

1987 Rome
details
 United States (USA)
Lee McRae
Lee McNeill
Harvey Glance
Carl Lewis
 Soviet Union (URS)
Aleksandr Yevgenyev
Viktor Bryzhin
Vladimir Muravyov
Vladimir Krylov
 Jamaica (JAM)
John Mair
Andrew Smith
Clive Wright
Ray Stewart

1991 Tokyo
details
 United States (USA)
Andre Cason
Leroy Burrell
Dennis Mitchell
Carl Lewis
 France (FRA)
Max Morinière
Daniel Sangouma
Jean-Charles Trouabal
Bruno Marie-Rose
 Great Britain (GBR)
Tony Jarrett
John Regis
Darren Braithwaite
Linford Christie

1993 Stuttgart
details
 United States (USA)
Jon Drummond
Andre Cason
Dennis Mitchell
Leroy Burrell
Calvin Smith*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Colin Jackson
Tony Jarrett
John Regis
Linford Christie
Jason John*
Darren Braithwaite*
 Canada (CAN)
Robert Esmie
Glenroy Gilbert
Bruny Surin
Atlee Mahorn

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Canada (CAN)
Donovan Bailey
Robert Esmie
Glenroy Gilbert
Bruny Surin
 Australia (AUS)
Paul Henderson
Tim Jackson
Steve Brimacombe
Damien Marsh
 Italy (ITA)
Giovanni Puggioni
Ezio Madonia
Angelo Cipolloni
Sandro Floris

1997 Athens
details
 Canada (CAN)
Robert Esmie
Glenroy Gilbert
Bruny Surin
Donovan Bailey
Carlton Chambers*
 Nigeria (NGR)
Osmond Ezinwa
Olapade Adeniken
Francis Obikwelu
Davidson Ezinwa
 Great Britain (GBR)
Darren Braithwaite
Darren Campbell
Douglas Walker
Julian Golding
Dwain Chambers*

1999 Seville
details
 United States (USA)
Jon Drummond
Tim Montgomery
Brian Lewis
Maurice Greene
 Great Britain (GBR)
Jason Gardener
Darren Campbell
Marlon Devonish
Dwain Chambers
Allyn Condon*
 Brazil (BRA)
Raphael de Oliveira
Claudinei da Silva
Édson Ribeiro
André da Silva

2001 Edmontondq1
details
 South Africa (RSA)
Morné Nagel
Corné du Plessis
Lee-Roy Newton
Mathew Quinn
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)
Marc Burns
Ato Boldon
Jacey Harper
Darrel Brown
 Australia (AUS)
Matt Shirvington
Paul Di Bella
Steve Brimacombe
Adam Basil

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 United States (USA)
John Capel
Bernard Williams
Darvis Patton
Joshua J. Johnson
 Brazil (BRA)
Vicente de Lima
Édson Ribeiro
André da Silva
Cláudio Roberto Souza
 Netherlands (NED)
Timothy Beck
Troy Douglas
Patrick van Balkom
Caimin Douglas
Guus Hoogmoed*

2005 Helsinki
details
 France (FRA)
Ladji Doucouré
Ronald Pognon
Eddy De Lépine
Lueyi Dovy
Oudéré Kankarafou*
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)
Kevon Pierre
Marc Burns
Jacey Harper
Darrel Brown
 Great Britain (GBR)
Jason Gardener
Marlon Devonish
Christian Malcolm
Mark Lewis-Francis

2007 Osaka
details
 United States (USA)
Darvis Patton
Wallace Spearmon
Tyson Gay
Leroy Dixon
Rodney Martin*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Marvin Anderson
Usain Bolt
Nesta Carter
Asafa Powell
Dwight Thomas*
Steve Mullings*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Christian Malcolm
Craig Pickering
Marlon Devonish
Mark Lewis-Francis

2009 Berlin
details
 Jamaica (JAM)
Steve Mullings
Michael Frater
Usain Bolt
Asafa Powell
Dwight Thomas*
Lerone Clarke*
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)
Darrel Brown
Marc Burns
Emmanuel Callender
Richard Thompson
Keston Bledman*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Simeon Williamson
Tyrone Edgar
Marlon Devonish
Harry Aikines-Aryeetey

2011 Daegu
details
 Jamaica (JAM)
Nesta Carter
Michael Frater
Yohan Blake
Usain Bolt
Dexter Lee*
 France (FRA)
Teddy Tinmar
Christophe Lemaitre
Yannick Lesourd
Jimmy Vicaut
 Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN)
Jason Rogers
Kim Collins
Antoine Adams
Brijesh Lawrence

2013 Moscow
details
 Jamaica (JAM)
Nesta Carter
Kemar Bailey-Cole
Nickel Ashmeade
Usain Bolt
Warren Weir*
Oshane Bailey*
 United States (USA)
Charles Silmon
Mike Rodgers
Mookie Salaam
Justin Gatlin
 Canada (CAN)
Gavin Smellie
Aaron Brown
Dontae Richards-Kwok
Justyn Warner

2015 Beijing
details
 Jamaica (JAM)
Nesta Carter
Asafa Powell
Nickel Ashmeade
Usain Bolt
Rasheed Dwyer*
 China (CHN)
Mo Youxue
Xie Zhenye
Su Bingtian
Zhang Peimeng
 Canada (CAN)
Aaron Brown
Andre De Grasse
Brendon Rodney
Justyn Warner

2017 London
details
 Great Britain (GBR)
Chijindu Ujah
Adam Gemili
Danny Talbot
Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake
 United States (USA)
Mike Rodgers
Justin Gatlin
Jaylen Bacon
Christian Coleman
Beejay Lee*
 Japan (JPN)
Shuhei Tada
Shota Iizuka
Yoshihide Kiryu
Kenji Fujimitsu
Asuka Cambridge*

text: Note * Indicates athletes who ran only in the preliminary round and also received medals.

text: dq1 The United States team of Mickey Grimes, Bernard Williams, Dennis Mitchell and Tim Montgomery originally won the 2001 World Championship in a time of 37.96 seconds, but were disqualified after Montgomery admitted to drug use as a result of the BALCO scandal in 2005.

text: 4 × 400 metres relay[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Soviet Union (URS)
Sergey Lovachov
Aleksandr Troshchilo
Nikolay Chernetskiy
Viktor Markin
 West Germany (FRG)
Erwin Skamrahl
Jörg Vaihinger
Harald Schmid
Hartmut Weber
Martin Weppler*
Edgar Nakladal*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Ainsley Bennett
Garry Cook
Todd Bennett
Phil Brown
Kriss Akabusi*

1987 Rome
details
 United States (USA)
Danny Everett
Roddie Haley
Antonio McKay
Butch Reynolds
Michael Franks*
Raymond Pierre*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Derek Redmond
Kriss Akabusi
Roger Black
Phil Brown
Todd Bennett*
Mark Thomas*
 Cuba (CUB)
Leandro Peñalver
Agustin Pavó
Lázaro Martínez
Roberto Hernández

1991 Tokyo
details
 Great Britain (GBR)
Roger Black
Derek Redmond
John Regis
Kriss Akabusi
Ade Mafe*
Mark Richardson*
 United States (USA)
Andrew Valmon
Quincy Watts
Danny Everett
Antonio Pettigrew
Jeff Reynolds*
Mark Everett*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Patrick O'Connor
Devon Morris
Winthrop Graham
Seymour Fagan
Howard Burnett*

1993 Stuttgart
details
 United States (USA)
Andrew Valmon
Quincy Watts
Butch Reynolds
Michael Johnson
Antonio Pettigrew*
Derek Mills*
 Kenya (KEN)
Kennedy Ochieng
Simon Kemboi
Abednego Matilu
Samson Kitur
 Germany (GER)
Rico Lieder
Karsten Just
Olaf Hense
Thomas Schönlebe

1995 Gothenburg
details
 United States (USA)
Marlon Ramsey
Derek Mills
Butch Reynolds
Michael Johnson
Kevin Lyles*
Darnell Hall*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Michael McDonald
Davian Clarke
Danny McFarlane
Greg Haughton
Dennis Blake*
 Nigeria (NGR)
Udeme Ekpeyong
Kunle Adejuyigbe
Jude Monye
Sunday Bada

1997 Athensdq1
details
 Great Britain (GBR)
Iwan Thomas
Roger Black
Jamie Baulch
Mark Richardson
Mark Hylton*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Michael McDonald
Greg Haughton
Danny McFarlane
Davian Clarke
Linval Laird*
 Poland (POL)
Tomasz Czubak
Piotr Rysiukiewicz
Piotr Haczek
Robert Maćkowiak

1999 Seville
details
 Poland (POL)
Tomasz Czubak
Robert Maćkowiak
Jacek Bocian
Piotr Haczek
Piotr Długosielski*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Michael McDonald
Greg Haughton
Danny McFarlane
Davian Clarke
Paston Coke*
Omar Brown*
 South Africa (RSA)
Jopie van Oudtshoorn
Hendrick Mokganyetsi
Adriaan Botha
Arnaud Malherbe

2001 Edmonton
details
 Bahamas (BAH)
Avard Moncur
Chris Brown
Troy Mcintosh
Tim Munnings
Carl Oliver*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Brandon Simpson
Christopher Williams
Greg Haughton
Danny McFarlane
Michael Blackwood*
Mario Watts*
 Poland (POL)
Rafał Wieruszewski
Piotr Haczek
Piotr Długosielski
Piotr Rysiukiewicz
Jacek Bocian*

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 France (FRA)
Leslie Djhone
Naman Keïta
Stéphane Diagana
Marc Raquil
Ahmed Douhou*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Brandon Simpson
Danny McFarlane
Davian Clarke
Michael Blackwood
Michael Campbell*
Lansford Spence*
 Bahamas (BAH)
Avard Moncur
Dennis Darling
Nathaniel McKinney
Chris Brown
Carl Oliver*

2005 Helsinki
details
 United States (USA)
Andrew Rock
Derrick Brew
Darold Williamson
Jeremy Wariner
Miles Smith*
LaShawn Merritt*
 Bahamas (BAH)
Nathaniel McKinney
Avard Moncur
Andrae Williams
Chris Brown
Troy McIntosh*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Sanjay Ayre
Brandon Simpson
Lansford Spence
Davian Clarke
Michael Blackwood*

2007 Osaka
details
 United States (USA)
LaShawn Merritt
Angelo Taylor
Darold Williamson
Jeremy Wariner
Bershawn Jackson*
Kerron Clement*
 Bahamas (BAH)
Avard Moncur
Michael Mathieu
Andrae Williams
Chris Brown
Nathaniel McKinney*
 Poland (POL)
Marek Plawgo
Daniel Dąbrowski
Marcin Marciniszyn
Kacper Kozłowski
Rafał Wieruszewski*
Witold Bańka*

2009 Berlin
details
 United States (USA)
Angelo Taylor
Jeremy Wariner
Kerron Clement
LaShawn Merritt
Lionel Larry*
Bershawn Jackson*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Conrad Williams
Michael Bingham
Robert Tobin
Martyn Rooney
Dai Greene*
 Australia (AUS)
John Steffensen
Ben Offereins
Tristan Thomas
Sean Wroe
Joel Milburn*

2011 Daegu
details
 United States (USA)
Greg Nixon
Bershawn Jackson
Angelo Taylor
LaShawn Merritt
Jamaal Torrance*
Michael Berry*
 South Africa (RSA)
Shane Victor
Ofentse Mogawane
Willem de Beer
L. J. van Zyl
Oscar Pistorius*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Allodin Fothergill
Jermaine Gonzales
Riker Hylton
Leford Green
Lansford Spence*

2013 Moscow
details
 United States (USA)
David Verburg
Tony McQuay
Arman Hall
LaShawn Merritt
James Harris*
Joshua Mance*
 Jamaica (JAM)
Rusheen McDonald
Edino Steele
Omar Johnson
Javon Francis
Javere Bell*
 Russia (RUS)
Maksim Dyldin
Lev Mosin
Sergey Petukhov
Vladimir Krasnov

2015 Beijing
details
 United States (USA)
David Verburg
Tony McQuay
Bryshon Nellum
LaShawn Merritt
Kyle Clemons*
Vernon Norwood*
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)
Renny Quow
Lalonde Gordon
Deon Lendore
Machel Cedenio
Jarrin Solomon*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Rabah Yousif
Delano Williams
Jarryd Dunn
Martyn Rooney

2017 London
details
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)
Jarrin Solomon
Jereem Richards
Machel Cedenio
Lalonde Gordon
Renny Quow*
 United States (USA)
Wilbert London III
Gil Roberts
Michael Cherry
Fred Kerley
Bryshon Nellum*
Tony McQuay*
 Great Britain (GBR)
Matthew Hudson-Smith
Rabah Yousif
Dwayne Cowan
Martyn Rooney
Jack Green*

text: dq1 The United States team (Jerome Young, Antonio Pettigrew, Chris Jones and Tyree Washington) originally won the 1997 World Championships in a time of 2:56.47 minutes, but were disqualified in 2009 after Pettigrew admitted to doping during the period.

text: Road[edit]

text: Marathon[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Robert de Castella (AUS)
 Kebede Balcha (ETH)
 Waldemar Cierpinski (GDR)

1987 Rome
details
 Douglas Wakiihuri (KEN)
 Hussein Ahmed Salah (DJI)
 Gelindo Bordin (ITA)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Hiromi Taniguchi (JPN)
 Hussein Ahmed Salah (DJI)
 Steve Spence (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Mark Plaatjes (USA)
 Luketz Swartbooi (NAM)
 Bert van Vlaanderen (NED)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Martín Fiz (ESP)
 Dionicio Cerón (MEX)
 Luíz Antônio dos Santos (BRA)

1997 Athens
details
 Abel Antón (ESP)
 Martín Fiz (ESP)
 Steve Moneghetti (AUS)

1999 Seville
details
 Abel Antón (ESP)
 Vincenzo Modica (ITA)
 Nobuyuki Sato (JPN)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Gezahegne Abera (ETH)
 Simon Biwott (KEN)
 Stefano Baldini (ITA)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Jaouad Gharib (MAR)
 Julio Rey (ESP)
 Stefano Baldini (ITA)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Jaouad Gharib (MAR)
 Christopher Isengwe (TAN)
 Tsuyoshi Ogata (JPN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Luke Kibet (KEN)
 Mubarak Hassan Shami (QAT)
 Viktor Röthlin (SUI)

2009 Berlin
details
 Abel Kirui (KEN)
 Emmanuel Mutai (KEN)
 Tsegaye Kebede (ETH)

2011 Daegu
details
 Abel Kirui (KEN)
 Vincent Kipruto (KEN)
 Feyisa Lilesa (ETH)

2013 Moscow
details
 Stephen Kiprotich (UGA)
 Lelisa Desisa (ETH)
 Tadese Tola (ETH)

2015 Beijing
details
 Ghirmay Ghebreslassie (ERI)
 Yemane Tsegay (ETH)
 Solomon Mutai (UGA)

2017 London
details
 Geoffrey Kirui (KEN)
 Tamirat Tola (ETH)
 Alphonce Simbu (TAN)

text: 20 km walk[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Ernesto Canto (MEX)
 Jozef Pribilinec (TCH)
 Yevgeniy Yevsyukov (URS)

1987 Rome
details
 Maurizio Damilano (ITA)
 Jozef Pribilinec (TCH)
 Josep Marín (ESP)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Maurizio Damilano (ITA)
 Mikhail Shchennikov (URS)
 Yevgeniy Misyulya (URS)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Valentí Massana (ESP)
 Giovanni De Benedictis (ITA)
 Daniel Plaza (ESP)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Michele Didoni (ITA)
 Valentí Massana (ESP)
 Yevgeniy Misyulya (BLR)

1997 Athens
details
 Daniel García (MEX)
 Mikhail Shchennikov (RUS)
 Mikhail Khmelnitskiy (BLR)

1999 Seville
details
 Ilya Markov (RUS)
 Jefferson Pérez (ECU)
 Daniel García (MEX)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Roman Rasskazov (RUS)
 Ilya Markov (RUS)
 Viktor Burayev (RUS)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Jefferson Pérez (ECU)
 Paquillo Fernández (ESP)
 Roman Rasskazov (RUS)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Jefferson Pérez (ECU)
 Paquillo Fernández (ESP)
 Juan Manuel Molina (ESP)

2007 Osaka
details
 Jefferson Pérez (ECU)
 Paquillo Fernández (ESP)
 Hatem Ghoula (TUN)

2009 Berlin
details
 Valeriy Borchin (RUS)
 Wang Hao (CHN)
 Eder Sánchez (MEX)

2011 Daegu
details
 Valeriy Borchin (RUS)
 Vladimir Kanaykin (RUS)
 Luis Fernando López (COL)

2013 Moscow
details
 Aleksandr Ivanov (RUS)
 Chen Ding (CHN)
 Miguel Ángel López (ESP)

2015 Beijing
details
 Miguel Ángel López (ESP)
 Wang Zhen (CHN)
 Benjamin Thorne (CAN)

2017 London
details
 Éider Arévalo (COL)
 Sergey Shirobokov (ANA)
 Caio Bonfim (BRA)

text: 50 km walk[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1976 Malmö
 Veniamin Soldatenko (URS)
 Enrique Vera (MEX)
 Reima Salonen (FIN)

1983 Helsinki
details
 Ronald Weigel (GDR)
 José Marín (ESP)
 Sergey Yung (URS)

1987 Rome
details
 Hartwig Gauder (GDR)
 Ronald Weigel (GDR)
 Vyacheslav Ivanenko (URS)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Aleksandr Potashov (URS)
 Andrey Perlov (URS)
 Hartwig Gauder (GER)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Jesús Ángel García (ESP)
 Valentin Kononen (FIN)
 Valeriy Spitsyn (RUS)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Valentin Kononen (FIN)
 Giovanni Perricelli (ITA)
 Robert Korzeniowski (POL)

1997 Athens
details
 Robert Korzeniowski (POL)
 Jesús Ángel García (ESP)
 Miguel Rodríguez (MEX)

1999 Seville
details
 Ivano Brugnetti (ITA)
 Nikolay Matyukhin (RUS)
 Curt Clausen (USA)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Robert Korzeniowski (POL)
 Jesús Ángel García (ESP)
 Edgar Hernández (MEX)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Robert Korzeniowski (POL)
 German Skurygin (RUS)
 Andreas Erm (GER)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Sergey Kirdyapkin (RUS)
 Aleksey Voyevodin (RUS)
 Alex Schwazer (ITA)

2007 Osaka
details
 Nathan Deakes (AUS)
 Yohann Diniz (FRA)
 Alex Schwazer (ITA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Sergey Kirdyapkin (RUS)
 Trond Nymark (NOR)
 Jesús Ángel García (ESP)

2011 Daegu
details
 Sergey Bakulin (RUS)
 Denis Nizhegorodov (RUS)
 Jared Tallent (AUS)

2013 Moscow
details
 Robert Heffernan (IRL)
 Mikhail Ryzhov (RUS)
 Jared Tallent (AUS)

2015 Beijing
details
 Matej Tóth (SVK)
 Jared Tallent (AUS)
 Takayuki Tanii (JPN)

2017 London
details
 Yohann Diniz (FRA)
 Hirooki Arai (JPN)
 Kai Kobayashi (JPN)

text: Field[edit]

text: High jump[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS)
 Tyke Peacock (USA)
 Zhu Jianhua (CHN)

1987 Rome
details
 Patrik Sjöberg (SWE)
 Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS)

 Igor Paklin (URS)
none awarded

1991 Tokyo
details
 Charles Austin (USA)
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)
 Hollis Conway (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)
 Artur Partyka (POL)
 Steve Smith (GBR)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Troy Kemp (BAH)
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)
 Artur Partyka (POL)

1997 Athens
details
 Javier Sotomayor (CUB)
 Artur Partyka (POL)
 Tim Forsyth (AUS)

1999 Seville
details
 Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS)
 Mark Boswell (CAN)
 Martin Buß (GER)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Martin Buß (GER)
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)

 Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS)
none awarded

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Jacques Freitag (RSA)
 Stefan Holm (SWE)
 Mark Boswell (CAN)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Yuriy Krymarenko (UKR)
 Víctor Moya (CUB)

 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)
none awarded

2007 Osaka
details
 Donald Thomas (BAH)
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)
 Kyriakos Ioannou (CYP)

2009 Berlin
details
 Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS)
 Kyriakos Ioannou (CYP)
 Sylwester Bednarek (POL)

 Raúl Spank (GER)

2011 Daegu
details
 Jesse Williams (USA)
 Aleksey Dmitrik (RUS)
 Trevor Barry (BAH)

2013 Moscow
details
 Bohdan Bondarenko (UKR)
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)
 Derek Drouin (CAN)

2015 Beijing
details
 Derek Drouin (CAN)
 Bohdan Bondarenko (UKR)

 Zhang Guowei (CHN)
none awarded

2017 London
details
 Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT)
 Danil Lysenko (ANA)
 Majededdin Ghazal (SYR)

text: Pole vault[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Sergey Bubka (URS)
 Konstantin Volkov (URS)
 Atanas Tarev (BUL)

1987 Rome
details
 Sergey Bubka (URS)
 Thierry Vigneron (FRA)
 Radion Gataullin (URS)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Sergey Bubka (URS)
 István Bagyula (HUN)
 Maksim Tarasov (URS)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Sergey Bubka (UKR)
 Grigoriy Yegorov (KAZ)
 Maksim Tarasov (RUS)

 Igor Trandenkov (RUS)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Sergey Bubka (UKR)
 Maksim Tarasov (RUS)
 Jean Galfione (FRA)

1997 Athens
details
 Sergey Bubka (UKR)
 Maksim Tarasov (RUS)
 Dean Starkey (USA)

1999 Seville
details
 Maksim Tarasov (RUS)
 Dmitri Markov (AUS)
 Aleksandr Averbukh (ISR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Dmitri Markov (AUS)
 Aleksandr Averbukh (ISR)
 Nick Hysong (USA)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Giuseppe Gibilisco (ITA)
 Okkert Brits (RSA)
 Patrik Kristiansson (SWE)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Rens Blom (NED)
 Brad Walker (USA)
 Pavel Gerasimov (RUS)

2007 Osaka
details
 Brad Walker (USA)
 Romain Mesnil (FRA)
 Danny Ecker (GER)

2009 Berlin
details
 Steve Hooker (AUS)
 Romain Mesnil (FRA)
 Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)

2011 Daegu
details
 Paweł Wojciechowski (POL)
 Lázaro Borges (CUB)
 Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)

2013 Moscow
details
 Raphael Holzdeppe (GER)
 Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)
 Björn Otto (GER)

2015 Beijing
details
 Shawnacy Barber (CAN)
 Raphael Holzdeppe (GER)
 Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)

 Pawel Wojciechowski (POL)

 Piotr Lisek (POL)

2017 London
details
 Sam Kendricks (USA)
 Piotr Lisek (POL)
 Renaud Lavillenie (FRA)

text: Long jump[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Carl Lewis (USA)
 Jason Grimes (USA)
 Mike Conley (USA)

1987 Rome
details
 Carl Lewis (USA)
 Robert Emmiyan (URS)
 Larry Myricks (USA)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Mike Powell (USA)
 Carl Lewis (USA)
 Larry Myricks (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Mike Powell (USA)
 Stanislav Tarasenko (RUS)
 Vitaliy Kyrylenko (UKR)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Iván Pedroso (CUB)
 James Beckford (JAM)
 Mike Powell (USA)

1997 Athens
details
 Iván Pedroso (CUB)
 Erick Walder (USA)
 Kirill Sosunov (RUS)

1999 Seville
details
 Iván Pedroso (CUB)
 Yago Lamela (ESP)
 Gregor Cankar (SLO)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Iván Pedroso (CUB)
 Savanté Stringfellow (USA)
 Carlos Calado (POR)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Dwight Phillips (USA)
 James Beckford (JAM)
 Yago Lamela (ESP)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Dwight Phillips (USA)
 Ignisious Gaisah (GHA)
 Tommi Evilä (FIN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Irving Saladino (PAN)
 Andrew Howe (ITA)
 Dwight Phillips (USA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Dwight Phillips (USA)
 Godfrey Khotso Mokoena (RSA)
 Mitchell Watt (AUS)

2011 Daegu
details
 Dwight Phillips (USA)
 Mitchell Watt (AUS)
 Ngonidzashe Makusha (ZIM)

2013 Moscow
details
 Aleksandr Menkov (RUS)
 Ignisious Gaisah (NED)
 Luis Rivera (MEX)

2015 Beijing
details
 Greg Rutherford (GBR)
 Fabrice Lapierre (AUS)
 Wang Jianan (CHN)

2017 London
details
 Luvo Manyonga (RSA)
 Jarrion Lawson (USA)
 Rushwahl Samaai (RSA)

text: Triple jump[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Zdzisław Hoffmann (POL)
 Willie Banks (USA)
 Ajayi Agbebaku (NGR)

1987 Rome
details
 Khristo Markov (BUL)
 Mike Conley (USA)
 Oleg Sakirkin (URS)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Kenny Harrison (USA)
 Leonid Voloshin (URS)
 Mike Conley (USA)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Mike Conley (USA)
 Leonid Voloshin (RUS)
 Jonathan Edwards (GBR)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Jonathan Edwards (GBR)
 Brian Wellman (BER)
 Jérôme Romain (DMA)

1997 Athens
details
 Yoelbi Quesada (CUB)
 Jonathan Edwards (GBR)
 Aliecer Urrutia (CUB)

1999 Seville
details
 Charles Friedek (GER)
 Rostislav Dimitrov (BUL)
 Jonathan Edwards (GBR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Jonathan Edwards (GBR)
 Christian Olsson (SWE)
 Igor Spasovkhodskiy (RUS)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Christian Olsson (SWE)
 Yoandri Betanzos (CUB)
 Leevan Sands (BAH)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Walter Davis (USA)
 Yoandri Betanzos (CUB)
 Marian Oprea (ROU)

2007 Osaka
details
 Nelson Évora (POR)
 Jadel Gregório (BRA)
 Walter Davis (USA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Phillips Idowu (GBR)
 Nelson Évora (POR)
 Alexis Copello (CUB)

2011 Daegu
details
 Christian Taylor (USA)
 Phillips Idowu (GBR)
 Will Claye (USA)

2013 Moscow
details
 Teddy Tamgho (FRA)
 Pedro Pablo Pichardo (CUB)
 Will Claye (USA)

2015 Beijing
details
 Christian Taylor (USA)
 Pedro Pablo Pichardo (CUB)
 Nelson Évora (POR)

2017 London
details
 Christian Taylor (USA)
 Will Claye (USA)
 Nelson Évora (POR)

text: Shot put[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Edward Sarul (POL)
 Ulf Timmermann (GDR)
 Remigius Machura (TCH)

1987 Rome
details
 Werner Günthör (SUI)
 Alessandro Andrei (ITA)
 John Brenner (USA)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Werner Günthör (SUI)
 Lars Arvid Nilsen (NOR)
 Aleksandr Klimenko (URS)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Werner Günthör (SUI)
 Randy Barnes (USA)
 Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 John Godina (USA)
 Mika Halvari (FIN)
 Randy Barnes (USA)

1997 Athens
details
 John Godina (USA)
 Oliver-Sven Buder (GER)
 C. J. Hunter (USA)

1999 Seville
details
 C. J. Hunter (USA)
 Oliver-Sven Buder (GER)
 Oleksandr Bagach (UKR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 John Godina (USA)
 Adam Nelson (USA)
 Arsi Harju (FIN)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Andrei Mikhnevich (BLR)
 Adam Nelson (USA)
 Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Adam Nelson (USA)
 Rutger Smith (NED)
 Ralf Bartels (GER)

2007 Osaka
details
 Reese Hoffa (USA)
 Adam Nelson (USA)
 Rutger Smith (NED)

2009 Berlin
details
 Christian Cantwell (USA)
 Tomasz Majewski (POL)
 Ralf Bartels (GER)

2011 Daegu
details
 David Storl (GER)
 Dylan Armstrong (CAN)
 Christian Cantwell (USA)

2013 Moscow
details
 David Storl (GER)
 Ryan Whiting (USA)
 Dylan Armstrong (CAN)

2015 Beijing
details
 Joe Kovacs (USA)
 David Storl (GER)
 O'Dayne Richards (JAM)

2017 London
details
 Tomas Walsh (NZL)
 Joe Kovacs (USA)
 Stipe Žunić (CRO)

text: Discus throw[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Imrich Bugár (TCH)
 Luis Delís (CUB)
 Géjza Valent (TCH)

1987 Rome
details
 Jürgen Schult (GDR)
 John Powell (USA)
 Luis Delís (CUB)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Lars Riedel (GER)
 Erik de Bruin (NED)
 Attila Horváth (HUN)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Lars Riedel (GER)
 Dmitry Shevchenko (RUS)
 Jürgen Schult (GER)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Lars Riedel (GER)
 Vladimir Dubrovshchik (BLR)
 Vasiliy Kaptyukh (BLR)

1997 Athens
details
 Lars Riedel (GER)
 Virgilijus Alekna (LTU)
 Jürgen Schult (GER)

1999 Seville
details
 Anthony Washington (USA)
 Jürgen Schult (GER)
 Lars Riedel (GER)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Lars Riedel (GER)
 Virgilijus Alekna (LTU)
 Michael Möllenbeck (GER)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Virgilijus Alekna (LTU)
 Róbert Fazekas (HUN)
 Vasiliy Kaptyukh (BLR)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Virgilijus Alekna (LTU)
 Gerd Kanter (EST)
 Michael Möllenbeck (GER)

2007 Osaka
details
 Gerd Kanter (EST)
 Robert Harting (GER)
 Rutger Smith (NED)

2009 Berlin
details
 Robert Harting (GER)
 Piotr Małachowski (POL)
 Gerd Kanter (EST)

2011 Daegu
details
 Robert Harting (GER)
 Gerd Kanter (EST)
 Ehsan Haddadi (IRI)

2013 Moscow
details
 Robert Harting (GER)
 Piotr Małachowski (POL)
 Gerd Kanter (EST)

2015 Beijing
details
 Piotr Małachowski (POL)
 Philip Milanov (BEL)
 Robert Urbanek (POL)

2017 London
details
 Andrius Gudžius (LTU)
 Daniel Ståhl (SWE)
 Mason Finley (USA)

text: Javelin throw[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Detlef Michel (GDR)
 Tom Petranoff (USA)
 Dainis Kūla (URS)

1987 Rome
details
 Seppo Räty (FIN)
 Viktor Yevsyukov (URS)
 Jan Železný (TCH)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN)
 Seppo Räty (FIN)
 Vladimir Sasimovich (URS)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Jan Železný (CZE)
 Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN)
 Mick Hill (GBR)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Jan Železný (CZE)
 Steve Backley (GBR)
 Boris Henry (GER)

1997 Athens
details
 Marius Corbett (RSA)
 Steve Backley (GBR)
 Konstadinos Gatsioudis (GRE)

1999 Seville
details
 Aki Parviainen (FIN)
 Konstadinos Gatsioudis (GRE)
 Jan Železný (CZE)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Jan Železný (CZE)
 Aki Parviainen (FIN)
 Konstadinos Gatsioudis (GRE)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Sergey Makarov (RUS)
 Andrus Värnik (EST)
 Boris Henry (GER)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Andrus Värnik (EST)
 Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)
 Sergey Makarov (RUS)

2007 Osaka
details
 Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)
 Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)
 Breaux Greer (USA)

2009 Berlin
details
 Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)
 Guillermo Martínez (CUB)
 Yukifumi Murakami (JPN)

2011 Daegu
details
 Matthias de Zordo (GER)
 Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)
 Guillermo Martínez (CUB)

2013 Moscow
details
 Vítězslav Veselý (CZE)
 Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)
 Dmitriy Tarabin (RUS)

2015 Beijing
details
 Julius Yego (KEN)
 Ihab Abdelrahman (EGY)
 Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)

2017 London
details
 Johannes Vetter (GER)
 Jakub Vadlejch (CZE)
 Petr Frydrych (CZE)

text: Hammer throw[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Sergey Litvinov (URS)
 Yuriy Sedykh (URS)
 Zdzisław Kwaśny (POL)

1987 Rome
details
 Sergey Litvinov (URS)
 Jüri Tamm (URS)
 Ralf Haber (GDR)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Yuriy Sedykh (URS)
 Igor Astapkovich (URS)
 Heinz Weis (GER)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Andrey Abduvaliyev (TJK)
 Igor Astapkovich (BLR)
 Tibor Gécsek (HUN)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Andrey Abduvaliyev (TJK)
 Igor Astapkovich (BLR)
 Tibor Gécsek (HUN)

1997 Athens
details
 Heinz Weis (GER)
 Andriy Skvaruk (UKR)
 Vasiliy Sidorenko (RUS)

1999 Seville
details
 Karsten Kobs (GER)
 Zsolt Németh (HUN)
 Vladyslav Piskunov (UKR)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Szymon Ziółkowski (POL)
 Koji Murofushi (JPN)
 Ilya Konovalov (RUS)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Ivan Tsikhan (BLR)
 Adrián Annus (HUN)
 Koji Murofushi (JPN)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Szymon Ziółkowski (POL)
 Markus Esser (GER)
 Olli-Pekka Karjalainen (FIN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Ivan Tsikhan (BLR)
 Primož Kozmus (SLO)
 Libor Charfreitag (SVK)

2009 Berlin
details
 Primož Kozmus (SLO)
 Szymon Ziółkowski (POL)
 Aleksey Zagornyi (RUS)

2011 Daegu
details
 Koji Murofushi (JPN)
 Krisztián Pars (HUN)
 Primož Kozmus (SLO)

2013 Moscow
details
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)
 Krisztián Pars (HUN)
 Lukáš Melich (CZE)

2015 Beijing
details
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)
 Dilshod Nazarov (TJK)
 Wojciech Nowicki (POL)

2017 London
details
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)
 Valeriy Pronkin (ANA)
 Wojciech Nowicki (POL)

text: Decathlon[edit]

text:
Championships
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1983 Helsinki
details
 Daley Thompson (GBR)
 Jürgen Hingsen (FRG)
 Siegfried Wentz (FRG)

1987 Rome
details
 Torsten Voss (GDR)
 Siegfried Wentz (FRG)
 Pavel Tarnavetskiy (URS)

1991 Tokyo
details
 Dan O'Brien (USA)
 Mike Smith (CAN)
 Christian Schenk (GER)

1993 Stuttgart
details
 Dan O'Brien (USA)
 Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR)
 Paul Meier (GER)

1995 Gothenburg
details
 Dan O'Brien (USA)
 Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR)
 Mike Smith (CAN)

1997 Athens
details
 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE)
 Eduard Hämäläinen (FIN)
 Frank Busemann (GER)

1999 Seville
details
 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE)
 Dean Macey (GBR)
 Chris Huffins (USA)

2001 Edmonton
details
 Tomáš Dvořák (CZE)
 Erki Nool (EST)
 Dean Macey (GBR)

2003 Saint-Denis
details
 Tom Pappas (USA)
 Roman Šebrle (CZE)
 Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ)

2005 Helsinki
details
 Bryan Clay (USA)
 Roman Šebrle (CZE)
 Attila Zsivoczky (HUN)

2007 Osaka
details
 Roman Šebrle (CZE)
 Maurice Smith (JAM)
 Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ)

2009 Berlin
details
 Trey Hardee (USA)
 Leonel Suárez (CUB)
 Aleksandr Pogorelov (RUS)

2011 Daegu
details
 Trey Hardee (USA)
 Ashton Eaton (USA)
 Leonel Suárez (CUB)

2013 Moscow
details
 Ashton Eaton (USA)
 Michael Schrader (GER)
 Damian Warner (CAN)

2015 Beijing
details
 Ashton Eaton (USA)
 Damian Warner (CAN)
 Rico Freimuth (GER)

2017 London
details
 Kévin Mayer (FRA)
 Rico Freimuth (GER)
 Kai Kazmirek (GER)


document_title: Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry

question_text: when was the last time michigan beat osu in football

root

text: Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry

text: Series history[edit]

text: Early years (1897–1949)[edit]

text: When the University of Michigan and Ohio State met for the first time in 1897, the Toledo War was within the memories of some still living, and the short-lived border war may have fueled the rivalry between the two opposing teams.[12] The inaugural game, held at Ann Arbor, resulted in a lopsided victory for Michigan, with the Wolverines posting a 34–0 win over Ohio State's Buckeyes.[13] The teams did not meet in 1898 or 1899, but played again in 1900.

tag: p

text: The first game foretold a long Michigan winning streak, with Michigan winning or tying every game from 1897 to 1912 and thereby compiling a 12–0–2 record before the contest was postponed for several years. The Ohio State Alma Mater "Carmen Ohio" was written on the train ride home to Columbus following the 1902 contest, which saw Ohio State lose to Michigan 86–0. The lyrics and melody (Spanish Chant) have remained largely unchanged since its conception.

text: Ohio State became a member of the Big Ten Conference in 1912. In 1917, Michigan rejoined the conference after a ten-year absence. In 1918, the teams played their first conference matchup, with Michigan prevailing 14–0 and lodging its eleventh shutout over the Buckeyes. The rivalry has been renewed annually every year since then. In 1919, the Buckeyes (led by legendary halfback Chic Harley) won their first game in the series, beating the Wolverines 13–3. The Buckeyes won the following two contests as well, to bring the series record to 13–3–2.

text: Harley's prowess spurred the university to campaign to build a stadium for Ohio State football. The stadium was completed in 1922, and the first of many historic games in Ohio Stadium took place on October 21, 1922, the day the stadium was dedicated in Columbus. In front of a record 71,000 fans, the Wolverines posted another shutout of the home team Buckeyes, 19–0. According to lore, there was a wager on the outcome of this game, and yellow flowers on a blue background still exist today in the upper part of the stadium's rotunda.[14] Michigan won the next five games before OSU picked up the final two victories of the decade. At the end of the 1920s, the series stood at 19–5–2 in favor of Michigan.

text: Michigan won three of four contests between 1930 and 1933, claiming the national championship twice. In 1934, Francis Schmidt came on as the head coach for Ohio State. The team had lost nine of the previous 12 Michigan-OSU contests, and when a reporter asked Schmidt if Ohio State could beat Michigan that year, he replied, "Of course we can win, Michigan puts their pants on one leg at a time just like we do". The Buckeyes thereupon ran off four straight shutout victories against Michigan, outscoring the Wolverines 114–0 from 1934 to 1937. Schmidt's quote spawned an OSU tradition—since 1934, every Ohio State player receives a gold pants pendant after a victory against Michigan.

text: Michigan won the three games from 1938 to 1940. The 1940 game, won by Michigan, 40–0, was the benchmark performance of what some consider to be the greatest Michigan team in history, and was the final collegiate game of the legendary tailback tandem of Tom Harmon and Paul Kromer.

text: In 1941, Michigan and Ohio State met for the first time with each team ranked in the AP Poll, which had started in 1936. The 14th-ranked Buckeyes played the 5th-ranked Wolverines to a 20–20 tie in Ann Arbor.

text: In 1945, Michigan quarterback Howard Yerges led Michigan to a 7-3 victory over Ohio State. Yerges played for Ohio State in 1943 as a freshmen (freshmen were eligible to play during wartime) and then transferred to Michigan in 1944 making one of three players to play on both sides in the rivalry. Five more times during the 1940s, the teams were both ranked for their annual matchup. Michigan won five of the next seven games before playing to their second tie of the decade in 1949. The series record stood at 30–12–4 at the mid-century mark.

text: "Snow Bowl" and Woody Hayes (1950–68)[edit]

text: One of the more famous games in the rivalry is the 1950 contest, colloquially known as the Snow Bowl. Eighth-ranked Ohio State, coached by Wes Fesler, was scheduled to host the game on November 25 in Columbus amidst one of the worst blizzards on Ohio record. The Buckeyes, who led the Big Ten, were granted the option to cancel the game against Michigan, which would have, by default, given the Buckeyes the Big Ten title outright. Ohio State refused, and the game was set to be played. Amid howling snow and wind, in a famous example of a "field position" game, the teams exchanged 45 punts, often on first down, in hopes that the other team would fumble the ball near or into their own end zone. Ohio State's Vic Janowicz, who would claim the Heisman Trophy that year, punted 21 times for 685 yards and also kicked a field goal in the first quarter for the Buckeyes' only points. Michigan capitalized on two blocked punts, booting one out of the back of the end zone for a safety and recovering another one in the end zone for a touchdown just before halftime. Despite failing to gain a single first down or complete a single forward pass, Michigan gained a 9–3 victory, securing the Big Ten title and a Rose Bowl berth. Heavy criticism of Fesler's play calling led to his resignation and the hiring of Woody Hayes as his successor.

text: Between 1951 and 1968 under Hayes, the Buckeyes won 12 of 18 contests, including a 1957 victory in Michigan Stadium, the first game in the series attended by over 100,000 fans. In 1958, Ohio State had a 20–14 lead towards the end of the game. On the final play, Michigan fullback Gene Sisinyak ran the ball from the one-yard line for what might have been a game-winning touchdown, but Ohio State defensive tackle Dick Schafrath hit Sisinyak, forcing a fumble. In the 1968 game, Ohio State won 50–14, outscoring its foe 29–0 in the second half and attempting an unsuccessful two-point conversion attempt on its final touchdown. In the post-game interview Hayes was asked why he went for two points with an already insurmountable 50–14 lead and he replied, "because I couldn't go for three". The victory gave top-ranked Ohio State the Big Ten title for the first time in seven years en route to an AP national championship. The Buckeyes had also narrowed the series margin to 37–24–4.

text: "Ten-Year War": Hayes vs Schembechler (1969–78)[edit]

text: Wolverines coach Bump Elliott resigned after the 1968 loss and Michigan hired Miami (Ohio) head coach Bo Schembechler, who had previously been an assistant at Ohio State under Hayes, to revitalize its football program. On November 22, 1969, Hayes led his top-ranked Buckeyes into Michigan Stadium to face Schembechler's Wolverines in the first matchup between two coaches who would come to define the rivalry between the two programs. The Buckeyes brought a 22-game winning streak into Ann Arbor, but behind an inspiring 60-yard punt return by Barry Pierson that set up a Wolverine touchdown in the second quarter, and a defense that intercepted Ohio State six times (three by Pierson), the Wolverines won a defensive battle (both teams were scoreless in the second half) for a 24–12 upset.

text: The contest was the first in the famous "Ten-Year War" between Hayes and Schembechler, which pitted some of OSU's and UM's strongest teams against one another. Four times between 1970 and 1975, Ohio State and Michigan were both ranked in the top five of the AP Poll before their matchup. The Wolverines entered every game during those years undefeated and won only once, a 10–7 victory in Ann Arbor on November 20, 1971. The Michigan graduating class of 1975 shared or won the Big Ten championship every season, yet went to the Rose Bowl only once, in 1972. They only lost or tied with Ohio State during the regular season in that period.

text: In 1973, both teams entered undefeated, with the winner guaranteed a trip to the Rose Bowl. The rivals played to a 10–10 tie in Ann Arbor on November 24, and the athletic directors of the other Big Ten institutions were forced to vote on the Big Ten representative for the bowl game. In a secret ballot, Ohio State won the vote, to the outrage of Michigan athletic officials and fans. Schembechler argued that Michigan was robbed of its on-field achievements, and for months afterward, Ohio State newspapers were flooded with angry Wolverine letters and threats of lawsuits.

text: Woody coined the phrase "That state up north" and "That team up north", so he would not have to say the word "Michigan". He was famous for his intense hatred of all things Michigan and according to legend, once refused to get gas in an empty tank, saying: "No, goddammit! We do NOT pull in and fill up. And I'll tell you exactly why we don't. It's because I don't buy one goddam drop of gas in the state of Michigan! We'll coast and PUSH this goddam car to the Ohio line before I give this state a nickel of my money!"[15]

text: During the "Ten-Year War," Ohio State and Michigan shared the Big Ten title six times. Between 1976 and 1978, Michigan won the game each year, and Ohio State failed to score a touchdown in each of those contests. Woody Hayes was fired at the end of the 1978 season after punching an opposing player during the Gator Bowl, which ended the "War." The 1978 game was won by Michigan, 14–3, giving Schembechler a record of 5–4–1 against Hayes. At the end of the Hayes tenure, the series stood at 42–28–5.

text: Schembechler vs Bruce (1979–87)[edit]

text: Earle Bruce took over for Hayes and led the Buckeyes to a 5–4 record against Schembechler's Wolverines between 1979 and 1987, perhaps the most balanced stretch of the rivalry, during which neither team won more than two consecutive games. In 1987, Bruce was fired in the week before the Michigan game due to a poor season record, but was allowed to coach anyway, and the inspired Buckeyes (each wearing a sweatband labeled "Earle") won an upset over the heavily favored Wolverines. After the game, Bo Schembechler told Bruce, "I always mind losing to Ohio State but I didn't mind so much today."[16] After 1987, the series stood at 46–33–5 in favor of UM.

text: John Cooper era (1988–2000)[edit]

text: The 13 games during John Cooper's tenure as Buckeye coach were dominated by Michigan, as the Wolverines went 10–2–1 during the stretch. Schembechler coached Michigan through the 1989 season and then turned over the reins to one of his assistants, Gary Moeller, who led the team for five seasons before another longtime Michigan assistant, Lloyd Carr, became the head coach in 1995.

text: The most notorious matchups of the era took place in 1993, 1995, and 1996, in which Ohio State entered the game each year undefeated. The Buckeyes had a 9–0–1 record heading into the 1993 game and were looking to claim an outright Big Ten title against a Michigan team that had already lost four times. Michigan receiver Mercury Hayes and running backs Jon Ritchie, Che Foster, and Ed Davis each scored a touchdown as the Wolverines shocked the Buckeyes, 28–0. After the game, Cooper said: "This is one of the most embarrassing games I've ever been involved with." "They outplayed us on offense, on defense, and in the kicking game. If you'd told me we would come up here and get beat 28–0, I'd have probably stayed home."[17]

text: In 1995, #2 Ohio State was led by eventual Heisman Trophy winner Eddie George and future National Football League (NFL) stars Orlando Pace, Terry Glenn, Mike Vrabel, Shawn Springs, and Rickey Dudley. Glenn insisted there wasn't anything special about the Wolverines: "Michigan's nothing," he said.[18] Perhaps inspired by this remark, the Wolverines manhandled the Buckeyes at the line of scrimmage from the very first play. Michigan senior running back Tim Biakabutuka amassed 313 yards rushing in Michigan's 31–23 upset.

text: The Buckeyes had high expectations again entering the 1996 contest. They boasted an unblemished 10–0 record and were ranked #2 in the nation as they entered the finale with 7–3 Michigan. When Ohio State jumped to a 9–0 halftime lead, the OSU crowd sensed a special finish and perhaps a rise to #1. The Wolverines' defense shut the Buckeyes out in the second half while Brian Griese replaced the struggling Scott Dreisbach and led Michigan to 13 unanswered points and another victory over their rivals, 13–9. The game would turn out to be the Buckeyes' only loss of the season and ended up costing them a chance of the national championship.

text: In 1997, Ohio State hoped to return the favor: the 10–0 Wolverines sat atop the AP Poll entering their matchup with the 10–1 Buckeyes, who were ranked #4. Spearheaded by the play of eventual Heisman winner Charles Woodson, who ran a punt back for a touchdown, intercepted a pass in the Ohio State end zone, and caught a 37-yard pass that set up freshman running back Anthony Thomas' touchdown run, the Wolverines prevailed, 20–14. The Wolverines then defeated Washington State in the Rose Bowl by a 21–16 score, winning their first national championship since 1948.

text: Ohio State came back with a win in the 1998 contest, but Michigan went on to win in 1999 and 2000. Senior quarterback Tom Brady hit sophomore receiver Marquise Walker for the game-winning touchdown pass with five minutes to go to for a 24–17 victory in 1999. In the 2000 game, Michigan grabbed a 31–12 lead and held on to win, 38–26. Michigan junior quarterback Drew Henson went 14 for 25 passing for 303 yards and three scores and added a touchdown run. At the end of the 2000 season, Cooper was fired. While he consistently fielded strong teams, his 2–10–1 record against Michigan, including his failure to ever win in Ann Arbor, was, along with disciplinary problems and a losing record in bowl games, a major contributor to his dismissal. Michigan students held a "John Cooper Day" celebration in Ann Arbor on February 10, 2001 in mock celebration of Cooper's record in the rivalry.[citation needed]

text: Enter Jim Tressel (2001–07)[edit]

text: In 2001, Youngstown State head football coach Jim Tressel took over as Buckeye head coach. Unlike his predecessor John Cooper, Tressel put a special emphasis on the rivalry. In his introductory speech at halftime of a January basketball game, against Michigan, he said "I can assure you that you will be proud of our young people, in the classroom, in the community, and most especially in 310 days in Ann Arbor, Michigan on the football field." In his first year, Tressel registered the Buckeyes' first defeat of the Wolverines in Ann Arbor in 14 years, by a 26–20 score. Led by senior running back Jonathan Wells, the Buckeyes raced to a 23–0 halftime lead. With Wells out, Michigan mounted a second half comeback that fell just short. The next year, Tressel achieved what Cooper could not: Beating Michigan in consecutive years with a 14–9 victory. The game was decided on the last play when defensive back Will Allen intercepted a pass at the two yard line as time expired to clinch the victory. The Buckeyes were led by freshman running back Maurice Clarett, who ran for 119 yards and one touchdown. He also had a key reception to set up Maurice Hall's game-winning score. The Buckeyes went on to win the national championship that season, as they defeated Miami in the Fiesta Bowl.

text: In 2003, Michigan struck back and won the 100th meeting between the historical rivals by a score of 35–21 in Ann Arbor. Senior running back Chris Perry, a Heisman finalist, had 154 yards rushing and two touchdowns to lead the Wolverines to the victory. Braylon Edwards contributed seven catches for 130 yards and two big touchdowns. The game's attendance was 112,118, the largest crowd ever for an NCAA football game at the time.[19] In 2004, the 6–4 Buckeyes defeated the heavily favored 9–1 Wolverines, 37–21, behind the leadership of quarterback Troy Smith and true freshman receiver Ted Ginn, Jr. The Buckeyes added another win in the 2005 game by overcoming a 21–12 deficit with less than eight minutes in the game. In the closing minutes of the game, the Buckeye offense scored two touchdowns to claim a 25–21 victory. Smith threw for 300 yards and completed 73% of his passes. Ginn had a game high nine catches for 89 yards.

text: 2006: No. 1 vs. No. 2[edit]

text:
Game of the Century (in 2006)

Michigan Wolverines
Ohio State Buckeyes

(11–0)
(11–0)

39
42

Head coach:
Lloyd Carr
Head coach:
Jim Tressel

AP
Coaches
BCS

2
2
2

AP
Coaches
BCS

1
1
1

1
2
3
4
Total

Michigan
7
7
10
15
39

Ohio State
7
21
7
7
42

Date
November 18, 2006

Season
2006

Stadium
Ohio Stadium

Location
Columbus, Ohio

tag: table

text: On November 18, 2006, Ohio State and Michigan met for their annual showdown, each carrying an 11–0 record. For the first time in the history of the rivalry, the two rivals faced off while holding the top two spots in the Bowl Championship Series rankings. Ohio State won the game by a score of 42–39 and became the outright Big Ten champion, earning the right to play for a national championship at the BCS National Championship Game in Glendale, Arizona. Michigan struck first with a touchdown run by junior running back Mike Hart, but the Buckeyes then scored 21 unanswered points, and at halftime, they were up 28–14. Thanks to an interception and a fumble recovery by junior defensive tackle Alan Branch, Michigan made it 35–31 Ohio State with 14 minutes to go in the fourth quarter. But after appearing to have forced Ohio State into a fourth-down situation with six minutes to go, junior outside linebacker Shawn Crable was called for roughing the passer, giving the Buckeyes a fresh set of downs. Ohio State quarterback Troy Smith then passed to Brian Robiskie for a touchdown, increasing the Buckeyes' lead to 42–31 with five minutes remaining in the game. After Ohio State was called for pass interference on a failed fourth-down attempt, giving Michigan an automatic first down, junior quarterback Chad Henne found senior tight end Tyler Ecker for a 16-yard touchdown with two minutes to go to cut the OSU lead to 42–37. Senior wide receiver Steve Breaston caught the two-point conversion to bring the Wolverines within a field goal. Michigan needed to recover the ensuing onside kick, but they failed to do so. The Buckeyes ran out the clock for the victory, and a trip to the BCS national championship game. Troy Smith completed 71% of his passes for 316 yards and four touchdowns, essentially clinching the Heisman trophy. Ginn caught eight passes for 104 yards and a touchdown. Ohio State running back Antonio Pittman ran for 139 yards on 18 carries for a 7.7 yards-per-carry average. Michigan running back Mike Hart carried the ball 23 times for 142 yards and three touchdowns against a stout Buckeye defense. Chad Henne had 267 yards, two touchdowns, and no turnovers on a 60% completion percentage. Neither performance was, however, sufficient to turn the tide in favor of the Wolverines. The game was highly touted by ESPN/ABC (there was a game countdown clock for a week before kickoff) and was viewed by the largest television audience for a regular-season college football game since 1993, averaging 21.8 million viewers.[20] The victory marked the first time in 43 years that the Buckeyes had won three consecutive games in the series. The game gained even more significance when, on the eve of the meeting, Michigan head coach and former Ohio State assistant coach Bo Schembechler died. Schembechler was honored with a video tribute at Ohio Stadium as well as a moment of silence before kickoff.[21] Half an hour after the game ended, the Ohio Lottery PICK 4 evening drawing was 4–2–3–9, matching the final score of the game and paying out up to $5,000 per winner, for a total payout of $2.2 million.[22]

text: Following the game, there was a chance of a rematch in the 2007 BCS National Championship Game, but Florida was chosen over Michigan to be Ohio State's opponent.

text: Sea change at Michigan (2008–10)[edit]

text: Lloyd Carr retired as coach at Michigan following the 2007 season and another loss to Ohio State. Tressel had compiled a 6–1 record against Carr's Michigan teams, leaving Carr with a 6–7 career record against Ohio State. In December 2007, Michigan hired West Virginia head coach Rich Rodriguez to take over the football program. Rodriguez, known for his expertise in the spread offense, represented a significant departure from the Wolverines' traditional offensive style. Furthermore, both Carr and his predecessor Gary Moeller had been apprenticed by the now-legendary Schembechler, and Rodriguez's hiring marked the first time in 40 years that a Michigan football team would not be coached by a member of the "Schembechler school."

text: The 2008 game, Rodriguez's first against the Buckeyes, featured an Ohio State team that needed a win to secure at least a share of the Big Ten championship for the fourth straight year. Michigan by contrast entered the game with a 3–8 record, having already suffered more losses than in any other season in its history. The Buckeyes posted a 42–7 win, and scored their largest margin of victory over Michigan since 1968.

text: Ohio State won 21–10 in the 2009 game to extend their winning streak against Michigan to six games, their longest in the rivalry's history, and improve Jim Tressel's record versus Michigan to 8–1. Ohio State wore throwback uniforms to commemorate their 1954 national championship team. The 2009 meeting also saw Buckeye guard Justin Boren, who had transferred to Ohio State from Michigan in 2008, become the third player in school history to play for both teams (J. T. White and Howard Yerges, Jr. being the others)[23] and only the second to play for both teams in the rivalry game. In 2010, Ohio State again prevailed, 37–7.[24]

text: A carousel of coaches (2011–present)[edit]

text: Rodriguez was fired following Michigan's 2010 season, ending Michigan's flirtation with the spread—and with non-"Michigan Man" coaches. Rodriguez was succeeded by Brady Hoke, who served as Michigan's defensive line coach from 1995 to 2002. Hoke held head coaching positions at Ball State from 2003 to 2008 and San Diego State from 2009 to 2010 before returning to Michigan. Meanwhile, in Columbus, the Ohio State football program came under NCAA investigation in early 2011 for an incident in which several prominent players were discovered to have traded memorabilia for tattoos. Evidence surfaced that Tressel had known about the situation but had not reported it to school compliance officials, and that the abuses were more widespread and longstanding than originally reported.[25] On May 30, 2011, Tressel resigned as head coach and former Buckeye player and assistant coach Luke Fickell was appointed interim head coach for the 2011 season. In July 2011, in response to the ongoing NCAA investigation, Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season, including the win over Michigan, leaving Tressel with a final record against Michigan of 8–1, with a win streak of six.[1]

text: Michigan won the 2011 meeting, 40–34, which was the first between two first-year coaches since the 1929 match-up of Harry Kipke and Sam Willaman. The Wolverines were led by junior quarterback Denard Robinson who accounted for 337 total yards rushing and passing, and five touchdowns.

text: On November 28, 2011, Urban Meyer, who had served as an assistant at Ohio State from 1986 to 1987, was named the 24th head coach for the Buckeyes, replacing Fickell.[26] In the 2012 matchup, OSU's junior running back Carlos Hyde ran for 146 yards and the fourth-ranked Buckeyes, trailing at halftime, shut down No. 20 Michigan's offense in the second half to prevail 26–21 and cap a 12–0 season.[27]

text: In 2013, Ohio State came to Michigan Stadium with an 11–0 record (7–0 Big Ten) and ranked #3 in the BCS standings. Michigan was a disappointing 7–4 (3–4 Big Ten). In spite of the seeming mismatch, the game remained close and with 32 seconds remaining Michigan scored to bring the score to 42–41. Michigan attempted a two-point conversion for the lead, but Devin Gardner's pass was intercepted in the end zone by Tyvis Powell, and Ohio State escaped with the win.

text: Michigan entered the 2014 contest with a 5–6 record and needed a win against Ohio State to become bowl eligible. Ohio State had a 10–1 record (7–0 in the Big Ten), and was holding onto hope that they would be selected as one of the top four teams in the nation and gain a spot in the first ever College Football Playoff. The game was tied at 21 until the fourth quarter when Ohio State scored three touchdowns (two on offense and one on defense) to go up 42–21. The Game ended 42–28. During the contest, OSU quarterback J. T. Barrett suffered a broken ankle and left the game in favor of third-string sophomore quarterback, Cardale Jones. Ohio State would go on to win the inaugural College Football Playoff and national championship.

text: Three days after the game, Michigan head coach Brady Hoke was fired and Michigan began searching for Hoke's successor. On December 30, 2014, Jim Harbaugh, former quarterback for Michigan from 1983 to 1986, was introduced by the University of Michigan as the school's new head football coach.

text: The 2015 game in Ann Arbor marked Harbaugh's first game as a head coach in the rivalry. His Michigan team was 9–2 coming into the game and Ohio State was 10–1. For the first time since 2006, both teams were ranked in the top 10, with Ohio State at #8 and Michigan at #10.[28] The first half was close, with Michigan scoring a touchdown shortly before halftime to narrow Ohio State's lead to 14–10. Ohio State, however, scored touchdowns on each of its first 4 possessions in the second half, while Michigan could only muster a single field goal. The final score was 42–13, in favor of Ohio State.

text: The 2016 game pitted the third-ranked Wolverines against the second-ranked Buckeyes, only the second time that the matchup featured programs both ranked in the nation's top three. Michigan led 10–7 at halftime and extended its lead to 17–7 early in the third quarter. An Ohio State touchdown cut the deficit to 17–14 heading to the fourth quarter. The Buckeyes kicked a field goal in the final seconds of regulation to tie the game and force overtime. The game marked the first overtime in the series between the two teams. Ohio State defeated Michigan for the fifth consecutive time, winning, 30–27, in double overtime.

text: Big Ten expansion[edit]

text: In 2010, the Big Ten Conference announced that the University of Nebraska would be joining the Big Ten the following year, and that the Big Ten would be split into two divisions. When rumors surfaced that Ohio State and Michigan would be placed in different divisions, concerns arose that the teams might no longer play the last game of the regular season to avoid potential back-to-back games if each team won their division and earned the right to play in the Big Ten Championship Game. Fans bombarded the athletic directors of both schools, as well as the Big Ten commissioner with emails, creating pressure to keep The Game as the regular season finale. Ultimately, Michigan was placed in the Legends Division and Ohio State in the Leaders Division. The Michigan–Ohio State game became a "protected crossover" game, to be played every year at the end of the regular season.

text: The game became a division matchup in 2014 under the Big Ten's geographical realignment. Michigan and Ohio State were both placed in the East Division.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: During the mid-2000s, ESPN aired several commercials describing certain situations that would be "normal, if it wasn't for sports". One commercial featured a man in an Ohio State shirt making out with a woman wearing a Michigan shirt.[29] An ESPNU commercial air portrayed a couple on a blind date that appears to be successful until it becomes clear that she is from Michigan and he is a fan of Ohio State.[30]

text: In 2006, as part of their "Midwest Midterm Midtacular", The Daily Show visited Ohio State University and made fun of the rivalry on the final night by having correspondent Rob Riggle report while wearing a Michigan sweatshirt. This brought boos, jeers, and a few laughs from the OSU audience. After the sketch was over, Jon Stewart compared the rivalry to the disputes between Sunni and Shiite Muslims.[31]

text: The 2007 HBO documentary Michigan vs. Ohio State: The Rivalry focused on the rivalry, chiefly the "Ten-Year War" through the present.[32]

text: The book Myth Directions by Robert Asprin, who attended Michigan, features a thinly veiled version of the Ohio State vs. Michigan game, parodying both sides and their fanaticism regarding the event.

text: The 1942 movie The Male Animal, based on a play of the same name by Ohio State alumni James Thurber and Elliott Nugent, also features a version of the game.

text: In 2011, 10-year-old Grant Reed of Columbus was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. Not liking to use the word "cancer", Reed (whose parents are both Ohio State alums and himself is an Ohio State fan) decided to call his cancer "Michigan", since "Ohio State is always going to beat Michigan". The move of calling his cancer "Michigan" got the support of his parents, Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer (who Reed later got to meet), and even some Michigan fans, including Michigan head coach Brady Hoke.[33] After his last chemotherapy treatment in 2013 which placed him in remission, Reed now tells people that he "beat Michigan".[34]

text: Accomplishments by the two rivals[edit]

text:
Team
Michigan[35]
Ohio State[36]

National titles[37]
11
8

Bowl appearances[38][39]
45
47[n 1]

CFP appearances
0
2

Postseason bowl record
21–24
22–25[n 1]

Rose Bowl appearances
20
14

Rose Bowl wins
8
7

Big Ten Division titles[40]
0
3

Big Ten titles
42
35[n 1]

Consensus All-Americans[41][42]
81
83

Heisman Trophies[43]
3
7

All-time program record
935–334–36
886–322–53[n 1]

All-time win percentage
.730
.724[n 1]

text: Game results[edit]

text: Rankings are from the AP Poll.[n 1]

text:
Michigan victories
Ohio State victories
Ties
Vacated wins

text:
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

1
1897
Ann Arbor
Michigan
34–0

2
1900
Ann Arbor
Tie
0–0

3
1901
Columbus
Michigan
21–0

4
1902
Ann Arbor
Michigan
86–0

5
1903
Ann Arbor
Michigan
36–0

6
1904
Columbus
Michigan
31–6

7
1905
Ann Arbor
Michigan
40–0

8
1906
Columbus
Michigan
6–0

9
1907
Ann Arbor
Michigan
22–0

10
1908
Columbus
Michigan
10–6

11
1909
Ann Arbor
Michigan
33–6

12
1910
Columbus
Tie
3–3

13
1911
Ann Arbor
Michigan
19–0

14
1912
Columbus
Michigan
14–0

15
1918
Columbus
Michigan
14–0

16
1919
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
13–3

17
1920
Columbus
Ohio State
14–7

18
1921
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
14–0

19
1922
Columbus
Michigan
19–0

20
1923
Ann Arbor
Michigan
23–0

21
1924
Columbus
Michigan
16–6

22
1925
Ann Arbor
Michigan
10–0

23
1926
Columbus
Michigan
17–16

24
1927
Ann Arbor
Michigan
21–0

25
1928
Columbus
Ohio State
19–7

26
1929
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
7–0

27
1930
Columbus
Michigan
13–0

28
1931
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
7–0

29
1932
Columbus
Michigan
14–10

30
1933
Ann Arbor
Michigan
13–0

31
1934
Columbus
Ohio State
34–0

32
1935
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
38–0

33
1936
Columbus
Ohio State (#18)
21–0

34
1937
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#19)
21–0

35
1938
Columbus
Michigan (#17)
18–0

36
1939
Ann Arbor
Michigan
21–14

37
1940
Columbus
Michigan (#7)
40–0

38
1941
Ann Arbor
Tie
20–20

39
1942
Columbus
Ohio State (#5)
21–7

40
1943
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#4)
45–7

41
1944
Columbus
Ohio State (#3)
18–14

42
1945
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#8)
7–3

43
1946
Columbus
Michigan (#8)
58–6

44
1947
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#1)
21–0

45
1948
Columbus
Michigan (#1)
13–3

46
1949
Ann Arbor
Tie
7–7

47
1950
Columbus
Michigan
9–3

48
1951
Ann Arbor
Michigan
7–0

49
1952
Columbus
Ohio State
27–7

50
1953
Ann Arbor
Michigan
20–0

51
1954
Columbus
Ohio State (#1)
21–7

52
1955
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#9)
17–0

53
1956
Columbus
Michigan (#9)
19–0

54
1957
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#3)
31–14

55
1958
Columbus
Ohio State (#11)
20–14

56
1959
Ann Arbor
Michigan
23–14

57
1960
Columbus
Ohio State (#10)
7–0

58
1961
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#2)
50–20

No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

59
1962
Columbus
Ohio State
28–0

60
1963
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
14–10

61
1964
Columbus
Michigan (#6)
10–0

62
1965
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
9–7

63
1966
Columbus
Michigan
17–3

64
1967
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
24–14

65
1968
Columbus
Ohio State (#2)
50–14

66
1969
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#12)
24–12

67
1970
Columbus
Ohio State (#5)
20–9

68
1971
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#3)
10–7

69
1972
Columbus
Ohio State (#9)
14–11

70
1973
Ann Arbor
Tie
10–10

71
1974
Columbus
Ohio State (#4)
12–10

72
1975
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#1)
21–14

73
1976
Columbus
Michigan (#4)
22–0

74
1977
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#5)
14–6

75
1978
Columbus
Michigan (#6)
14–3

76
1979
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#2)
18–15

77
1980
Columbus
Michigan (#10)
9–3

78
1981
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
14–9

79
1982
Columbus
Ohio State
24–14

80
1983
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#8)
24–21

81
1984
Columbus
Ohio State (#11)
21–6

82
1985
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#6)
27–17

83
1986
Columbus
Michigan (#6)
26–24

84
1987
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
23–20

85
1988
Columbus
Michigan (#12)
34–31

86
1989
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#3)
28–18

87
1990
Columbus
Michigan (#15)
16–13

88
1991
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#4)
31–3

89
1992
Columbus
Tie
13–13

90
1993
Ann Arbor
Michigan
28–0

91
1994
Columbus
Ohio State (#22)
22–6

92
1995
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#18)
31–23

93
1996
Columbus
Michigan (#21)
13–9

94
1997
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#1)
20–14

95
1998
Columbus
Ohio State (#7)
31–16

96
1999
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#10)
24–17

97
2000
Columbus
Michigan (#19)
38–26

98
2001
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
26–20

99
2002
Columbus
Ohio State (#2)
14–9

100
2003
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#5)
35–21

101
2004
Columbus
Ohio State
37–21

102
2005
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#9)
25–21

103
2006
Columbus
Ohio State (#1)
42–39

104
2007
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#7)
14–3

105
2008
Columbus
Ohio State (#10)
42–7

106
2009
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#9)
21–10

107
2010[1]
Columbus
Ohio State (#12)
37–7

108
2011
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#15)
40–34

109
2012
Columbus
Ohio State (#4)
26–21

110
2013
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#3)
42–41

111
2014
Columbus
Ohio State (#6)
42–28

112
2015
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#8)
42–13

113
2016
Columbus
Ohio State (#2)
30–272OT

114
2017
Ann Arbor

Series: Michigan leads 58–48–6

text: Big Ten games[edit]

text: In Big Ten Conference play, Ohio State leads the series 48–46–4 through the 2016 meeting.[44][45] Michigan was a charter member of the Big Ten in 1896 before leaving the league after the 1906 football season. Ohio State began league play with the 1913 season, and Michigan returned for the 1917 season.[46] The 1918 matchup between the two schools was the first between them with both as Big Ten members.

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ohio State has vacated all 12 of its victories and its Big Ten Conference championship from the 2010 season. These 12 wins are not included in Ohio State's all-time record, nor is the 2010 Michigan–Ohio State contest counted in the series record between the two teams.[1][2] See Wikipedia:WikiProject College football/Vacated victories for an explanation of how vacated victories are recorded.[3][4][5]

tag: ol


document_title: Cape Town water crisis

question_text: where does cape towns water supply come from

text: Cape Town water crisis

text: Background[edit]

text: The Cape Town region experiences a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and winter rainfall. Water is supplied largely from the six major dams of the Western Cape Water Supply System in mountainous areas close to the city.[4] The dams are recharged by rain falling in their catchment areas, largely during the cooler winter months of May to August, and dam levels decline during the dry summer months of December to February during which urban and agricultural water use increases.

text: Cape Town's population has grown from 2.4 million residents in 1995 to an estimated 4.3 million by 2018, representing a 79 percent population increase in 23 years whereas dam water storage only increased by 15 percent in the same period.[5] In 2016/2017, 64.5% of the city's water supply went to formal residential users, while 3.6 percent went to informal settlements.[6]

text: The possibility of the city exceeding its water supply was highlighted as early as 1990.[7]

text: From 1950 to 1999, the city's consumption of treated water grew at 4% per year in line with the city's population growth. Water consumption peaked in 1999 at 335 million cubic metres (335 gigalitres) per year. In 2000 a plan called Africa Water Vision 2025 was developed aiming for "equitable and sustainable use of water for socioeconomic development".[8]

text: Periods of low winter rainfall in 2000/2001 and 2003/2004 resulted in water restrictions being imposed.[9][10] In 2007, the city implemented a 10-year water demand management strategy, which has successfully kept the annual consumption at or below the 1999 level despite ongoing population growth.[9]

text: In 2009, the storage capacity of the dams supplying Cape Town was increased by 17 percent from 768 to 898 million cubic metres through the completion of the Berg River Dam.[11] Despite the increased storage capacity, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry predicted that the growing demand from the city would exceed supply by 2013 without water conservation and demand management measures by the city, and that even with those measures, further water sources would be required by 2019.[12]

text: Causes[edit]

text: The cause of water loss in Cape Town has been debated.  While drought is a factor in the city’s water scarcity, the degree of drought has been questioned.  It is believed water scarcity, caused by the drought, is being exacerbated by population growth, potentially unreported agriculture use, invasive species, and poor planning of water management. Cape Town particularly has grown by 50 percent in the last decade.[13]

text: While rainfall tends to undulate at stations monitoring rainfall where water is stored for Cape Town, there has been a clear, significant drop in 2016.

text: A study conducted by the Climate System Analysis Group at the University of Cape Town ran statistical analyses to determine that rainfall between the years 2015 and 2017 was very rare and severe.[14]

text: Some scientists believe this once in a millennium drought is being exacerbated by climate change with a one degree celsius increase in temperature over the past century.  Models predict Cape Town will increase another 0.25 degrees celsius in the next ten years, which would increase drought likelihood by up to seven times. Previous climate modeling suggested a likely decrease in rainfall due to climate change, and this is likely some of the first evidence supporting the model.  There is additional concern that several other cities will follow suit behind Cape Town in water scarcity.[15]

text: A major problem with Cape Town’s water dependence is that their water systems were built on the stable climate of previous years.  Climate change has changed precipitation patterns in the area, leading to less stable sources of water and a quicker rate of water loss than previously expected. Another large cause of water scarcity is agricultural use.  In 2016, Cape Town exported 113 million gallons of wine to Europe and the US. For each gallon of wine, between 666 and 1,357 gallons of water is used. One third of the water exported through the wine industry could be used for the 7 million people without access to water in South Africa. In addition, Cape Town exported roughly 231,000 tons of citrus fruits in 2017, resulting in an additional exportation of roughly 30 billion gallons of the area’s water.[16]

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Water levels as a percentage of total dam capacity by year.[5]

Major dams
28 May 2018[17]
14 May 2018
15 May 2017
15 May 2016
15 May 2015
15 May 2014

Berg River Dam
43.3
39.2
32.4
27.2
54.0
90.5

Steenbras Lower
33.7
35.4
26.5
37.6
47.9
39.6

Steenbras Upper
60.0
59.6
56.7
56.9
57.8
79.1

Theewaterskloof Dam
14.9
12.0
15
31.3
51.3
74.5

Voelvlei Dam
16.9
14.5
17.2
21.3
42.5
59.5

Wemmershoek Dam
50.6
48.4
36
48.5
50.5
58.8

Total stored (megalitres)
215 283
191 843
190 300
279 954
450 429
646 137

Total % Storage
24.0
21.4
21.2
31.2
50.1
71.9

text: After good rains in 2013 and 2014, the city of Cape Town began experiencing a drought in 2015, the first of three consecutive years of dry winters brought on by the El Niño weather pattern and climate change.[18] Water levels in the city's dams declined from 71.9 percent in 2014 to 50.1 percent in 2015.[5] Water restrictions, in place at "Level 1" since 2005, were increased to Level 2 on 1 January 2016 and to Level 3 on 1 November 2016.

text: Significant droughts in other parts of South Africa ended in August 2016 through heavy rain and flooding in the interior of the country,[19] but the drought in the Western Cape remained.

text: Water restrictions were increased to Level 3B on 1 February 2017.

text: By the end of the dry season in May 2017, the drought was declared the city's worst in a century, with dams having less than 10 percent of their usable capacity.[20] Level 4 water restrictions were imposed, limiting the consumption of water to 100 litres per person per day.[21]

text: In June 2017 a significant storm hit the area, dropping up to 50 mm of rain, but not enough to break the drought.[22] Overall rainfall in 2017 was the lowest since 1933.[23]

text: With the dry summer season approaching, the city increased its existing water restrictions to Level 4B on 1 July 2017, and to Level 5 on 3 September 2017, banning most outdoor and non-essential use of water, encouraging the use of greywater for toilet flushing, and aiming to limit the per capita water consumption to 87 litres per day, for a total of 500 million litres per day.[24]

text: By early October 2017, following a low rainfall winter, Cape Town had an estimated five months before water levels would be depleted.[25] In the same month, the City of Cape Town issued an emergency water plan to be rolled-out in multiple phases depending on the severity of the water shortage. Phase 1 was "water rationing through extreme pressure reduction" which involved temporary water cuts and rationing. Phase 1 was implemented immediately with unannounced water cuts to a number of outlying neighbourhoods. In Phase 2 water will be shut off to most of the system except to places of key water access. Phase 3 is the point at which the city can no longer draw water from surface dams in the Western Cape Water Supply System and there is a limited period of time before the water supply system fails.[26]

text: In mid-October 2017 the City was criticised by water desalination companies for the slow pace of contract negotiations, high level of bureaucracy, lack of urgency, and the inadequate scale of the proposed water supply projects.[27] On 26 October 2017 it was announced that the Cape Town city manager would be given special powers to take drought-related actions that would not have to follow the city's normal decision making and approval process. This announcement came after a review of the city's decision making processes that found "certain aspects of the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, the Municipal Finance Management Act and Supply Chain Management regulations, as well as the council's own Supply Chain Management Policy, failed to adequately provide for the City of Cape Town to 'deal effectively and timeously' with the disaster."[28]

text: Level 6 restrictions were imposed on 1 January 2018, and Level 6B on 1 February 2018, limiting consumption to 50 litres per person per day.

text: On 24 January 2018, the Western Cape provincial cabinet stated that it was the responsibility of the national government to fund the expansion of the water system as the "provision of bulk water supply is a national government mandate." The provincial cabinet also announced that it was drawing up plans with the South African Police Service for a strategy to deploy officers at water distribution points across the city after day zero.[29]

text: In mid-January 2018, Cape Town Mayor Patricia de Lille announced that the city would be forced to shut off most of the municipal water supply if conditions do not change. "Day Zero" would be declared when the water level of the city's major dams reached 13.5%, and Level 7 would be declared, with municipal water supplies largely switched off, and residents relying on 149 water collection points around the city to collect a daily ration of 25 litres of water per person.[30][31] This would further affect Cape Town's economy, because of employees having "to take time off from work to wait in line for water".[32] Water supply would be maintained in the city's CBD, in informal settlements (where water is already collected from central locations) and essential services such as hospitals. At the time of the announcement, Day Zero was projected to take place on 22 April 2018, shortly afterwards revised forward to 12 April.[33][34][35] The Day Zero date is projected based on the fortnightly change in dam storage levels, assuming that this rate will continue unchanged, with no further rainfall or change in water demand.[36]

text: In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam.[37]

text: Residential water usage declined significantly under the 6B restrictions to a low of 511 million litres on March 12, the closest yet to the recommended level of 450 million litres per day. Agricultural use also declined significantly. As these reductions took effect and as water transferred from the Groenland Water Users' Association reached the city's water supply, Day Zero was moved back in stages from April to August,[38][39][40][41][36][3] and then postponed indefinitely.[42]

text: Severity of the drought[edit]

text: Research on long-term weather data done by the University of Cape Town found that the period from 2015-2017 has been the driest 3-year period since 1933, and 2017 was the driest year since 1933, and possibly earlier, since comparable data before 1933 was not available. It also found that a drought of this severity will statistically occur on average once every 311 years.[23] Modelling by Aurecon found that the drought was approximately a 1 in 400 year event.[43]

text: “Once lush city parks and golf courses have withered, and public restrooms now urge visitors to flush only when absolutely necessary”.[32] Cafes began using plastic and paper cups and plates to reduce dishwashing loads. Analysts “estimate that the water crisis will cost some 300,000 jobs in agriculture and tens of thousands more in the service, hospitality and food sectors”. [32]

text: Impact[edit]

text: In response to the water shortage, the agricultural sector reduced water consumption by 50 percent, contributing to the loss of 37,000 jobs in the sector nationally, and leading to an estimated 50,000 being pushed below the poverty line due to job losses and inflation due to increases in the price of food.[25] By February 2018 the agricultural sector had incurred R14 billion (US$1.17 billion) in losses due to the water shortage.[44]

text: In office buildings and many public places throughout Cape Town, water was removed from toilets to prevent flushing and aid in water conservation. Rainwater was directed to be added to the tank if the toilet needed flushing. However, residents have been directed not to flush the toilet if only urinating but use a disinfectant/scented spray afterwards. If defecating residents have been directed to use rainwater or greywater to flush. Hand sanitizer has also been provided in offices and public buildings to use instead of conventional handwashing to conserve water.

text: The city is urging residents to stock up on emergency drinking water. But the task is proving to be more difficult than residents thought. Stores are selling out of water the minute it is delivered and shopkeepers are uncertain when more will arrive. Residents can go to a natural spring to collect water but this means waiting in line for hours on end to fill their allotment. [32]

text: Public health[edit]

text: Residents of Cape Town have been restricted to only 50 litres (11 imp gal; 13 US gal) of water per person per day, and are encouraged to flush toilets less often and only using non-potable water, and to reduce the length and frequency of showers. This has led public health professionals to raise concerns of diseases spread via faecal-oral contamination as a result of less hand-washing.

text: Inadequate sanitation is a leading cause of diarrhoeal diseases, which kill 2.2 million every year, with most deaths occurring among children younger than 5 years of age. With a population around 3.81 million and a population density of around 1530 per square kilometer, diseases like cholera and others could spread rapidly without proper sanitation, especially in impoverished neighborhoods in Cape Town.  Without clean water the public health consequences continue as insects are attracted and reproduce in dirty waters, further spreading disease. The problem continues to snowball as standing water will bacteria and parasites start to grow.[45]

text: The Western Cape of South Africa has seen a “the second-highest incidence of listeriosis in South Africa”.[46] As a whole, South Africa has been victim to the largest outbreak of the disease on record. According to the Western Cape Health Department, 29 people have died of the disease since last year of 115 cases reported. Listeriosis can particularly threatens newborns as it can spread through lack of or inadequate hand-washing and failure to rinse vegetables, fruits, and other raw foods thoroughly. Officials warn that water-borne illnesses such as cholera, hepatitis A and typhoid fever “likely will become more prevalent” as residents begin storing water in contaminated containers.

text: Public health companies, research centres and health providers also worry about the impact the water crisis will have on health services. Some are thinking ahead to the impact of employees being unable to come into work because they are waiting in lines for water which are becoming longer and longer.[46]

text: Occupational health risks[edit]

text: Emergency shower and eyewash stations are an essential part of workplace safety for many laboratories and factories.  A steady supply of water is necessary in the event of harmful chemical exposure. Many Occupational Health and Safety requirements suggest that all emergency showers be able to pump 75 litres per minute for a minimum of 15 minutes.[47] This would use approximately three weeks of water. If these wash stations are banned or limited, workers who handle highly corrosive chemicals would be vulnerable.

text: Fire risk increases as environment and infrastructure become increasingly dry. This is especially significant for large industrial sites and warehousing as fire on one site can spread more easily to other buildings in close proximity. Fire suppression system may also fail due to reduced water pressure in high-use areas.[48]

text: Vulnerable population[edit]

text: In homes and orphanages, children are one of the most vulnerable populations in Cape Town to suffer from health effects of water scarcity. The feeding, washing, and sterilization of items required to care for children is water intensive.[49] Furthermore, “If schools in the Western Cape have their taps turned off on Day Zero, 1.1 million children could be left stranded without water.”[50]

text: Industry[edit]

text: The agriculture industry is one of the largest consumers of water. The wine industry in and surrounding Cape Town is a major tourist draw and is a significant aspect of the economy, employing 300,000 workers. The wineries drew 1.5 million tourists in 2017 and at the same time used a third of the water.[51] Depending on the region, a vineyard needs between 10 and 24 inches of rain to survive. South Africa’s wineries have received on average half as much precipitation in the past year. The stress is being felt by industry where less water is causing smaller berries and therefore smaller yield. The industry also has a disproportionate profit with only about 1% return on investment despite producing some of the most popular wines in the world.  The grape yield for 2018 could fall an estimated 20% from the 1.4 million tons produced in 2017, resulting in a 9% decrease in the volume of wine sold.[52]

text: The water crisis impacts organisations and industries that are not reliant on large volumes of water for their core operations as well such as corporate offices. The World Economic Forum's Global Risk Report 2015 [53] ranked the risk of a water crisis as the top risk in terms of impact. The cost of doing business in a drought affected area increases significantly.  As workers move away or are evacuated from drought-affected areas the local economies suffer.

text: Hydrological poverty[edit]

text: Hydrologic poverty tends to trap their people as they cannot afford to purchase food or water necessary for their society to become more affluent. An analyst estimates that with the current water crisis 300,000 jobs could be lost in agriculture and tens of thousands more in the service, hospitality and food sectors [29]. In Cape Town it is illegal to sell water from wells or rivers but people can still profit from the transport and labor. One resident who had been stockpiling water was charging $350 for a barrel of water. This is further alienating the more impoverished neighborhoods and citizens of getting necessary clean water. Those who are using over the allocated daily water are being fined between $41-$248 [29]. Yet this impact is further cementing the gap because the fine is likely insignificant for the wealthy and can be crippling for less affluent residents. Increases in hydrological poverty, by the reduction of available water, could increase deaths in Cape Town by 25 to 33 percent. [54]

text: Political responsibility[edit]

text: Responsibility for the water supply is shared by local, provincial and national government. Cape Town and the Western Cape are governed by the Democratic Alliance (DA), and Western Cape is the only province not run by the African National Congress (ANC), which has been in power nationally since 1994. The Water Act of 1998 puts the national government as the "public trustee" of the nation's water resources which must ensure that water is "protected, used, developed, conserved, managed and controlled in a sustainable and equitable manner, for the benefit of all persons". It says "the National Government, acting through the Minister, has the power to regulate the use, flow and control of all water in the Republic."[55] This has resulted in tension between the DA-led local and provincial government on the one hand, and the ANC-led national government on the other, with the parties at times blaming each other for the water crisis.[13]

text: The party leader of the Democratic Alliance, Mmusi Maimane, has taken a public role in announcements regarding the crisis, although he holds no role in government structures. This has led to criticism of complicating the situation by conflating party and state.[56]

text: Positives[edit]

text: This water crisis has increased research and investment in alternative water systems, which may ultimately help prevent other cities from falling into the same degree of water scarcity.  As climate change continues and the population grows, moving into urban areas, other cities will also face severe drought and will need to assess alternative methods for obtaining water.[57]

text: The potential for a culture change in water usage is also a positive result of this crisis.

text: Solutions[edit]

text: The city of Cape Town is currently working on constructing four new desalination plants as well as building new water wells and an effluent recycler. By January 2018, these projects were half way through completion. In addition, the city has been working on educating the public on reducing water consumption. This has led to successful drop in water consumption by 50 percent from 2015 to early 2018.[58]

text: In addition, Cape Town is working on producing product that accommodates the water availability of the region.[16]