document_title: Money market in India

question_text: who is the regulator of money market in india

text: Money market in India

text: Structure[edit]

text: The Indian money market consists of the unorganised sector: moneylenders, indigenous bankers, and unregulated Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (e.g. Finance companies, Chit funds, Nidhis); organised sector: Reserve Bank of India, private banks, public sector banks, development banks and other non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) such as Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), the International Finance Corporation, IDBI, and the co-operative sector.

text: Instruments[edit]

text: 1. Call/Notice/Term money market 2. Repurchase Agreement (Repo & Reverse Repo) market 3. Treasury bill market 4. Commercial Bill market 5. Commercial paper market 6. Certificate of Deposit market 7. Money Market Mutual Fund.

text: Call money market[edit]

text: The call money market deals in short term finance repayable on demand, with a maturity period varying from one day to 14 days. S.K. Muranjan commented that call loans in India are provided to the bill market, rendered between banks, and given for the purpose of dealing in the bullion market and stock exchanges.[3] Commercial banks, both Indian and foreign, co-operative banks, Discount and Finance House of India Ltd.(DFHI), Securities trading corporation of India (STCI) participate as both lenders and borrowers and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), Unit Trust of India(UTI), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)can participate only as lenders. The interest rate paid on call money loans, known as the call rate, is highly volatile. It is the most sensitive section of the money market and the changes in the demand for and supply of call loans are promptly reflected in call rates. There are now two call rates in India: the Inter bank call rate and the lending rate of DFHI. The ceilings on the call rate and inter-bank term money rate were dropped, with effect from May 1, 1989. The Indian call money market has been transformed into a pure inter-bank market during 2006–07.[4] The major call money markets are in Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Ahmedabad.

text: Treasury bill market[edit]

text: Treasury bills are instrument of short-term borrowing by the Government of India, issued as promissory notes under discount. The interest received on them is the discount, which is the difference between the price at which they are issued and their redemption value. They have assured yield and negligible risk of default. Under one classification, treasury bills are categorised as ad hoc, tap and auction bills. Under another one, it is classified on the maturity period like 91-days TBs, 182-days TBs, 364-days TBs and also 10-days TBs which has two types. In the recent times (2002–03, 2003–04), the Reserve Bank of India has been issuing only 91-day and 364-day treasury bills. The auction format of 91-day treasury bill has changed from uniform price to multiple price to encourage more responsible bidding from the market players.[5] The bills are of two kinds- Adhoc and regular. The adhoc bills are issued for investment by the state governments, semi government departments and foreign central banks for temporary investment. They are not sold to banks and general public. The treasury bills sold to the public and banks are called regular treasury bills. They are freely marketable and commercial banks buy entire quantities of such bills, issued on tender. They are bought and sold on discount basis. Ad-hoc bills were abolished in April 1997.

text: Ready forward contract (Repos)[edit]

text: Repo is an abbreviation for Repurchase agreement, which involves a simultaneous "sale and purchase" agreement.[6] When banks have any shortage of funds, they can borrow it from Reserve Bank of India or from other banks. The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks is called repo rate, a short term for repurchase agreement. A reduction in the repo rate will help banks to get money at a cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive.[1].

text: Money market mutual funds[edit]

text: Money market mutual funds invest money in specifically, high-quality and very short maturity-based money market instruments. The RBI has approved the establishment of very few such funds in India. In 1997, only one MMMF was in operation, and that too with very small amount of capital.[7]

text: Reserve Bank of India[edit]

text: The influence of the Reserve Bank of India's power over the Indian money market is confined almost exclusively to the organised banking structure.It is also considered to be the biggest regulator in the markets. There are certain rates and data which are released at regular intervals which have a huge impact on all the financial markets in INDIA. The unorganised sector, which consists mostly of indigenous bankers and non-banking financial companies, although occupying an important position in the money market have not been properly integrated with the rest of the money market.[8]

text: Reforms[edit]

text: The recommendations of the Sukhmoy Chakravarty Committee on the Review of the Working of the Monetary system, and the Narasimham Committee Report on the Working of the Financial System in India, 1991, The Reserve Bank of India has initiated a series of money market reforms basically directed towards the efficient discharge of its objectives. The bank reduced the ceiling rate on bank advances and on inter-bank call and short-notice money. There has been a significant lowering of the minimum lending rate of commercial banks and public sector development financial institutions from 18% in 1990–91 to 10.5% in 2005–06.[9]

text: Reforms made in the Indian Money Market are:- Deregulation of the Interest Rate : In recent period the government has adopted an interest rate policy of liberal nature. It lifted the ceiling rates of the call money market, short-term deposits, bills rediscounting, etc. Commercial banks are advised to see the interest rate change that takes place within the limit. There was a further deregulation of interest rates during the economic reforms. Currently interest rates are determined by the working of market forces except for a few regulations. Money Market Mutual Fund (MMMFs) : In order to provide additional short-term investment revenue, the RBI encouraged and established the Money Market Mutual Funds (MMMFs) in April 1992. MMMFs are allowed to sell units to corporate and individuals. The upper limit of 50 crore investments has also been lifted. Financial institutions such as the IDBI and the UTI have set up such funds. Establishment of the DFI : The Discount and Finance House of India (DFHI) was set up in April 1988 to impart liquidity in the money market. It was set up jointly by the RBI, Public sector Banks and Financial Institutions. DFHI has played an important role in stabilizing the Indian money market. Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) : Through the LAF, the RBI remains in the money market on a continue basis through the repo transaction. LAF adjusts liquidity in the market through absorption and or injection of financial resources. Electronic Transactions : In order to impart transparency and efficiency in the money market transaction the electronic dealing system has been started. It covers all deals in the money market. Similarly it is useful for the RBI to watchdog the money market. Establishment of the CCIL : The Clearing Corporation of India limited (CCIL) was set up in April 2001. The CCIL clears all transactions in government securities, and repurchase agreements (repos) reported on the Negotiated Dealing System. Development of New Market Instruments : The government has consistently tried to introduce new short-term investment instruments. Examples: Treasury Bills of various duration, Commercial papers, Certificates of Deposits, MMMFs, etc. have been introduced in the Indian Money Market.


document_title: 1984 NBA draft

question_text: who was picked first in the 1984 nba draft

root

text: 1984 NBA draft

text: Selection[edit]

text: The Houston Rockets used their first pick to draft Akeem Olajuwon,[10] a junior center from the University of Houston. The Nigerian-born Olajuwon became the second foreign-born player to be drafted first overall, after Mychal Thompson from the Bahamas in 1978.[11] The Portland Trail Blazers used the second overall pick to draft Sam Bowie from the University of Kentucky. The Chicago Bulls used the third pick to draft Naismith and Wooden College Player of the Year Michael Jordan from the University of North Carolina.[1][12] Jordan went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award and was also selected to the All-NBA Second Team in his rookie season.[13] Jordan's teammate at North Carolina, Sam Perkins, was drafted fourth by the Dallas Mavericks. Charles Barkley, a junior forward from Auburn University, was drafted fifth by the Philadelphia 76ers.

tag: p

text: Olajuwon, Jordan and Barkley, along with the 16th pick John Stockton and the 131st pick Oscar Schmidt, have been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.[14] The first four mentioned players were also named in the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History list announced at the league's 50th anniversary in 1996.[15] Olajuwon's achievements include two NBA championships, two Finals Most Valuable Player Awards, one Most Valuable Player Award, two Defensive Player of the Year Awards, twelve All-NBA Team selections, twelve All-Star Game selections and nine All-Defensive Team selections. Olajuwon retired as the all–time league leader in total blocked shots with 3,830 blocks.[16] The third pick, Jordan, achieved even greater success than Olajuwon. He won six NBA championships, six Finals Most Valuable Player Awards, five Most Valuable Player Awards, one Defensive Player of the Year Award, eleven All-NBA Team selections, fourteen All-Star Game selections, three NBA All Star Game MVP Awards,  and nine All-Defensive Team selections.[13] Barkley and Stockton never won an NBA championship, but both players received numerous awards and honors. Barkley won the Most Valuable Player in 1993 and was selected to eleven All-NBA Teams, eleven All-Star Games, and was the MVP of the 1991 All Star Game.[17] Stockton was selected to eleven All-NBA Teams, ten All-Star Games and five All-Defensive Teams before retiring as the all–time league leader in assists and steals and was co-MVP of the 1993 All Star Game along with his Utah Jazz teammate Karl Malone.[18] Jordan, Barkley and Stockton would later play as teammates for the 1992 "Dream Team". Alvin Robertson, the seventh pick, is the only other player from this draft who has won annual NBA awards as a player; he won both the Defensive Player of the Year Award and the Most Improved Player Award in 1986. He was also selected to one All-NBA Team, four All-Star Games, six consecutive All-Defensive Teams,[19] Two other players from this draft, ninth pick Otis Thorpe and eleventh pick Kevin Willis, were also selected to one All-Star Game each.[20] Willis also had one selection to the All-NBA Team.[21] Rick Carlisle, the 70th pick, became a coach after ending his playing career and won the Coach of the Year Award in 2002 while coaching the Detroit Pistons. In 2011, he coached the Dallas Mavericks to an NBA Championship.[22]

text: The 1984 draft class is considered to be one of the best in NBA history as it produced five Hall of Famers and seven All-Stars.[23][24][25][26] However, it was also marked by the Blazers' selection of Sam Bowie, considered one of the biggest draft busts in NBA history.[27][28][29][30][31] It is believed that the Blazers picked Bowie over Michael Jordan because they already had an All Star shooting guard in Jim Paxson and a young shooting guard in Clyde Drexler, whom they drafted in the 1983 draft.[13][32] Although Drexler went on to have a successful career, Bowie's career was cut short by injuries; he had missed two of the past three seasons in his college career as well.[12] Despite having a 10-year career in the NBA and averaging 10.9 points and 7.5 rebounds per game, Bowie's career was interrupted by five leg surgeries, which limited him to 139 games in 5 years with the Blazers.[33][34]

text: Notable selections[edit]

text: Brazilian Oscar Schmidt was drafted with the 131st pick in the sixth round by the New Jersey Nets. However, Schmidt turned down the offers to play in the NBA and stayed to play in Italy and later in Brazil. He played in five Olympics and was the top scorer in three of them. He finished his career with 49,703 points with various clubs and the Brazilian national team, more than the NBA's career scoring leader, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who scored 38,387 points in his NBA career.[35] In 2010, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) honored Schmidt with an induction to the FIBA Hall of Fame,[36] and Schmidt was inducted by the Naismith Hall in 2013.[37]

text: University of Houston track and field Olympic Champion Carl Lewis, who had never played college basketball, was drafted by the Chicago Bulls with the 208th pick in the 10th round. Lewis would dominate the Olympic Games in Los Angeles in the summer of 1984. [1][38] Lewis, who had also been drafted in NFL draft of the same year by the Dallas Cowboys, stayed with his athletics career and went on to win nine Olympic gold medals and eight World Championships gold medals.[39]

text: In the fifth round, the Portland Trail Blazers drafted Mike Whitmarsh, who starred for the University of San Diego in both basketball and volleyball, with the 111th pick. Whitmarsh played professional basketball in Germany for three years, but never played in the NBA. He then left basketball to play beach volleyball, where he achieved greater success, including a silver medal in the Olympics.[40]

text: The final pick in the 1984 Draft, number 228 by the Boston Celtics was Dan Trant of Clark University. Trant never played in a regular season game for the Celtics. Trant was working in his office at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 and was killed in the terrorist attacks that day.[41]

text: This draft would be the last of the NBA that would be without any undrafted players entering the NBA. Starting from 1985 onward, multiple undrafted players from each year would enter the NBA, with more of them coming after the league decreased the number of rounds from the draft from 10 to the more current 2.

text: Key[edit]

text:
Pos.
G
F
C

Position
Guard
Forward
Center

tag: table

text:
^

Denotes player who has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

*

Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-Star Game and All-NBA Team

+

Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-Star Game

#

Denotes player who never played in the NBA regular season or playoffs

text: Draft selections[edit]

text:
Round

Pick

Player

Pos.

Nationality[n 1]

Team

School/club team

1

1

Akeem Olajuwon^1[›]

C

 Nigeria2[›]

Houston Rockets

Houston (Jr.)

1

2

Sam Bowie

C

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from Indiana)[d]

Kentucky (Sr.)

1

3

Michael Jordan^

G/F

 United States

Chicago Bulls

North Carolina (Jr.)

1

4

Sam Perkins

F/C

 United States

Dallas Mavericks (from Cleveland)[e]

North Carolina (Sr.)

1

5

Charles Barkley^

F

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers (from L.A. Clippers)[f]

Auburn (Jr.)

1

6

Melvin Turpin

C

 United States

Washington Bullets (traded to Cleveland)[a]

Kentucky (Sr.)

1

7

Alvin Robertson*

G

 United States

San Antonio Spurs

Arkansas (Sr.)

1

8

Lancaster Gordon

G

 United States

Los Angeles Clippers (from Golden State)[g]

Louisville (Sr.)

1

9

Otis Thorpe+

F/C

 United States

Kansas City Kings

Providence (Sr.)

1

10

Leon Wood

G

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers (from Denver)[h]

Cal State Fullerton (Sr.)

1

11

Kevin Willis*

F/C

 United States

Atlanta Hawks

Michigan State (Sr.)

1

12

Tim McCormick

C

 United States

Cleveland Cavaliers3[›] (traded to Seattle)[a]

Michigan (Sr.)4[›]

1

13

Jay Humphries

G

 United States

Phoenix Suns

Colorado (Sr.)

1

14

Michael Cage

F/C

 United States

Los Angeles Clippers (from Seattle)[i]

San Diego State (Sr.)

1

15

Terence Stansbury

G

 United States

Dallas Mavericks

Temple (Sr.)

1

16

John Stockton^

G

 United States

Utah Jazz

Gonzaga (Sr.)

1

17

Jeff Turner

F/C

 United States

New Jersey Nets

Vanderbilt (Sr.)

1

18

Vern Fleming

G

 United States

Indiana Pacers (from New York)[j]

Georgia (Sr.)

1

19

Bernard Thompson

G/F

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers

Fresno State (Sr.)

1

20

Tony Campbell

G/F

 United States

Detroit Pistons

Ohio State (Sr.)

1

21

Kenny Fields

G/F

 United States

Milwaukee Bucks

UCLA (Sr.)

1

22

Tom Sewell

G

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers (traded to Washington)[b]

Lamar (Sr.)

1

23

Earl Jones

C

 United States

Los Angeles Lakers

UDC (Sr.)

1

24

Michael Young

G/F

 United States

Boston Celtics

Houston (Sr.)

2

25

Devin Durrant

F

 United States

Indiana Pacers

Brigham Young (Sr.)

2

26

Victor Fleming#

G

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from Chicago via Indiana)[k]

Xavier (Sr.)

2

27

Ron Anderson

G/F

 United States

Cleveland Cavaliers

Fresno State (Sr.)

2

28

Cory Blackwell

F

 United States

Seattle SuperSonics (from Houston)[l]

Wisconsin (Jr.)

2

29

Stuart Gray

F/C

 United States Panama5[›]

Indiana Pacers (from L.A. Clippers via Philadelphia)[m]

UCLA (Jr.)

2

30

Steve Burtt

G

 United States

Golden State Warriors (from Washington)[n]

Iona (Sr.)

2

31

Jay Murphy

F

 United States

Golden State Warriors (traded to L.A. Clippers)[c]

Boston College (Sr.)

2

32

Eric Turner#

G

 United States

Detroit Pistons (from San Antonio)[o]

Michigan (Jr.)

2

33

Steve Colter

G

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from Denver)[p]

New Mexico State (Sr.)

2

34

Tony Costner#

C

 United States

Washington Bullets (from Kansas City via Detroit and Atlanta)[q]

Saint Joseph's (Sr.)

2

35

Othell Wilson

G

 United States

Golden State Warriors (from Atlanta)[r]

Virginia (Sr.)

2

36

Charles Jones

F

 United States

Phoenix Suns

Louisville (Sr.)

2

37

Ben Coleman

F

 United States

Chicago Bulls (from Seattle via Atlanta and Kansas City)[s]

Maryland (Sr.)

2

38

Charlie Sitton

F

 United States

Dallas Mavericks

Oregon State (Sr.)

2

39

Danny Young

G

 United States

Seattle SuperSonics (from New Jersey)[t]

Wake Forest (Sr.)

2

40

Anthony Teachey#

F

 United States

Dallas Mavericks (from Utah)[u]

Wake Forest (Sr.)

2

41

Tom Sluby

G

 United States

Dallas Mavericks (from New York via New Jersey)[v]

Notre Dame (Sr.)

2

42

Willie White

G

 United States

Denver Nuggets (from Portland)[w]

Chattanooga (Sr.)

2

43

Greg Wiltjer#

C

 Canada

Chicago Bulls (from Detroit via Indiana and Kansas City)[x]

Victoria (Canada) (Sr.)

2

44

Fred Reynolds#

F

 United States

Washington Bullets (from Milwaukee)[y]

UTEP (Sr.)

2

45

Gary Plummer

F/C

 United States

Golden State Warriors (from Philadelphia 76ers)[z]

Boston University (Sr.)

2

46

Jerome Kersey

F

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from L.A. Lakers)[aa]

Longwood (Sr.)

2

47

Ronnie Williams#

F

 United States

Boston Celtics

Florida (Sr.)

text: Notable post-second round picks[edit]

text: The following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.

text:
Round

Pick

Player

Pos.

Team

School/club team

3

50

Ben McDonald

F

 United States

Cleveland Cavaliers

UC Irvine (Sr.)

3

51

Jim Petersen

F/C

 United States

Houston Rockets

Minnesota (Sr.)

3

57

Joe Binion

F

 United States

San Antonio Spurs (from Denver)[ab]

North Carolina A&T (Sr.)

3

61

Jeff Cross

F

 United States

Dallas Mavericks

Maine (Sr.)

3

62

David Pope

F

 United States

Utah Jazz

Norfolk State (Sr.)

3

68

Butch Graves

G

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers

Yale (Sr.)

3

70

Rick Carlisle

G

 United States

Boston Celtics

Virginia (Sr.)

4

71

Ralph Jackson

G

 United States

Indiana Pacers

UCLA (Sr.)

4

76

Jim Grandholm

F

 United States

Washington Bullets

South Florida (Sr.)

4

80

Carl Henry

G

 United States

Kansas City Kings

Kansas (Sr.)

4

86

Jim Rowinski

F

 United States

Utah Jazz

Purdue (Sr.)

4

87

Bob Thornton

F/C

 United States

New York Knicks

UC Irvine (Sr.)

4

90

Ozell Jones

F/C

 United States

San Antonio Spurs (from Milwaukee)[ac]

Cal State Fullerton (Sr.)

6

120

McKinley Singleton

G

 United States

Milwaukee Bucks (from Houston)[ad]

UAB (Sr.)

6

133

Eddie Lee Wilkins

F/C

 United States

New York Knicks

Gardner–Webb (Sr.)

7

140

Kenton Edelin

F

 United States

Indiana Pacers

Virginia (Sr.)

7

156

Ken Bannister

F/C

 United States

New York Knicks

St. Augustine's (Sr.)

9

185

Brian Martin

F

 United States

Indiana Pacers

Kansas (Sr.)

text: Jump up ^ Nationality indicates the player's national team or representative nationality. If a player has not competed at the international level, then the nationality indicates the national team which the player is eligible to represent according to FIBA rules.

tag: ol

text: Trades involving draft picks[edit]

text: Draft-day trades[edit]

text: The following trades involving drafted players were made on the day of the draft.[1]

text:
a 1 2  In a three-team trade, Cleveland acquired the draft rights to sixth pick Melvin Turpin from Washington, Washington acquired Cliff Robinson from Cleveland and Gus Williams from Seattle, and Seattle acquired Ricky Sobers from Washington and the draft rights to 12th pick Tim McCormick from Cleveland.
b  Washington acquired the draft rights to 22nd pick Tom Sewell from Philadelphia in exchange for a 1988 first-round pick.
c  The L.A. Clippers acquired the draft rights to 31st pick Jay Murphy from Golden State in exchange for Jerome Whitehead.

tag: ul

text: Pre-draft trades[edit]

text: Prior to the day of the draft, the following trades were made and resulted in exchanges of picks between the teams.

text:
d  On June 5, 1981, Portland acquired a first-round pick from Indiana in exchange for Tom Owens.[42] Portland used the pick to draft Sam Bowie.
e  On September 16, 1980, Dallas acquired a first-round pick from Cleveland in exchange for Mike Bratz.[43] Dallas used the pick to draft Sam Perkins.
f  On October 12, 1978, Philadelphia acquired a first-round pick from the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) in exchange for World B. Free.[44][45] Philadelphia used the pick to draft Charles Barkley.
g  On August 28, 1980, the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) acquired Phil Smith and a first-round pick from Golden State in exchange for World B. Free.[44][45] The L.A. Clippers used the pick to draft Lancaster Gordon.
h  On August 16, 1978, Philadelphia acquired Bobby Jones, Ralph Simpson and a first-round pick from Denver in exchange for George McGinnis and a 1978 first-round pick.[46] Philadelphia used the pick to draft Leon Wood.
i  On August 18, 1983, the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) acquired James Donaldson, Greg Kelser, Mark Radford, a first-round pick and a 1985 second-round pick from Seattle in exchange for Tom Chambers, Al Wood, a third-round pick and a 1987 second-round pick.[44][47] The L.A. Clippers used the pick to draft Michael Cage.
j  On September 17, 1983, Indiana acquired Vince Taylor and a first-round pick from New York in a three-team trade with New York and Kansas City.[48] Indiana used the pick to draft Vern Fleming.
k  On August 18, 1983, Portland acquired a second-round pick from Indiana in exchange for Granville Waiters.[49] Previously, Indiana acquired the draft rights to Sidney Lowe and the pick on June 28, 1983 from Chicago in exchange for the draft rights to Mitchell Wiggins.[50] Portland used the pick to draft Victor Fleming.
l  On October 5, 1982, Seattle acquired a second-round pick from Houston in exchange for Wally Walker.[51] Seattle used the pick to draft Cory Blackwell.
m  On February 15, 1983, Indiana acquired Russ Schoene a second-round pick and a 1983 first-round pick from Philadelphia in exchange for Clemon Johnson and a third-round pick.[52] Previously, Philadelphia acquired the pick and a 1983 fourth-round pick on October 27, 1982, from the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) in exchange for Lionel Hollins.[44][53] Indiana used the pick to draft Stuart Gray.
n  On October 19, 1981, Golden State acquired 1982 and 1984 second-round picks from Washington in exchange for John Lucas.[54] Golden State used the pick to draft Steve Burtt.
o  On February 10, 1983, Detroit a second-round pick and a 1985 third-round pick from San Antonio in exchange for Edgar Jones.[55][56] Detroit used the pick to draft Eric Turner.
p  On August 15, 1980, Portland acquired a second-round pick and a 1983 first-round pick from Denver in exchange for T. R. Dunn and a 1983 first-round pick.[57] Portland used the pick to draft Steve Colter.
q  On July 5, 1983, Washington acquired Tom McMillen and a second-round pick from Atlanta in exchange for Randy Wittman.[58] Previously, Atlanta acquired the pick and a 1985 second-round pick on February 13, 1983, from Detroit in a three-team trade with Detroit and Seattle.[55][59] Previously, Detroit acquired the pick and a 1982 second-round pick on August 26, 1981, from Kansas City in exchange for Larry Drew.[55][60] Washington used the pick to draft Tony Costner.
r  On February 15, 1983, Golden State acquired a second-round pick from Atlanta in exchange for Rickey Brown.[61] Golden State used the pick to draft Othell Wilson.
s  On June 28, 1983, Chicago acquired the draft rights to Ennis Whatley, the draft rights to Chris McNealy and a second-round pick from Kansas City in exchange for Mark Olberding and the draft rights to Larry Micheaux.[62] Previously, Kansas City acquired the pick on June 30, 1982, from Atlanta in exchange for the draft rights to Jim Johnstone.[63] Previously, Atlanta acquired the pick and a 1983 second-round pick on December 2, 1980, from Seattle in exchange for Armond Hill.[64] Chicago used the pick to draft Ben Coleman.
t  On November 25, 1981, Seattle acquired Ray Tolbert and a second-round pick from New Jersey in exchange for James Bailey.[65] Seattle used the pick to draft Danny Young.
u  On September 11, 1980, Dallas acquired a second-round pick and a 1983 second-round pick from Utah in exchange for Billy McKinney.[66] Dallas used the pick to draft Anthony Teachey.
v  On August 12, 1983, Dallas acquired Foots Walker, a second-round pick and a 1985 first-round pick from New Jersey in exchange for Kelvin Ransey.[67] Previously, New Jersey acquired the second-round pick on June 22, 1983 from New York in exchange for Len Elmore.[68] Dallas used the pick to draft Tom Sluby.
w  On June 7, 1984, Denver acquired Wayne Cooper, Lafayette Lever, Calvin Natt, a second-round pick and a 1985 first-round pick from Portland in exchange for Kiki Vandeweghe.[69] Denver used the pick to draft Willie White.
x  On February 15, 1984, Chicago acquired Steve Johnson, a second-round pick and two 1985 second-round picks from Kansas City in exchange for Reggie Theus.[70] Previously, Kansas City acquired Billy Knight and the pick on September 17, 1983 from Indiana in a three-team trade with Indiana and New York.[71][72] Previously, Indiana acquired the pick on September 22, 1982 from Detroit in exchange for Tom Owens.[42] Chicago used the pick to draft Greg Wiltjer.
y  On September 30, 1983, Washington acquired a second-round pick from Milwaukee in exchange for Kevin Grevey.[73] Washington used the pick to draft Fred Reynolds.
z  On November 12, 1983, Golden State acquired a second-round pick from Philadelphia in exchange for Sam Williams.[74] Golden State used the pick to draft Gary Plummer.
aa  On October 8, 1980, Portland acquired a second-round pick from the L.A. Lakers in exchange for Jim Brewer.[75] Portland used the pick to draft Jerome Kersey.
ab  On January 21, 1984, San Antonio acquired a third-round pick from Denver in exchange for Keith Edmonson.[76] San Antonio used the pick to draft Joe Binion.
ac  On March 8, 1984, San Antonio acquired a fourth-round pick from Milwaukee as compensation for the signing of Mike Dunleavy as a free agent.[77] San Antonio used the pick to draft Ozell Jones.
ad  On October 5, 1983, Milwaukee acquired a sixth-round pick from Houston as compensation for the signing of Phil Ford as a free agent.[78] Milwaukee used the pick to draft McKinley Singleton.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ 1: When Hakeem Olajuwon first arrived in the United States in 1981, his first name was incorrectly spelled as "Akeem". He used that spelling until March 9, 1991, when he announced that he would add an H and changed it to "Hakeem", the original Arabic spelling of his name.[10]
^ 2: Hakeem Olajuwon was born in Nigeria, but became a naturalized United States citizen in 1993. He has represented the United States national team.[16]
^ 3: As compensation for the first-round draft picks traded away by the previous owner, Ted Stepien, the Cleveland Cavaliers were awarded extra first-round draft picks in the 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986 drafts in exchange for cash.[4][79]
^ 4: Even though Tim McCormick was a senior, he had one year of college eligibility remaining and thus had to apply for early entry.[5]
^ 5: Stuart Gray was born in the Panama Canal Zone which was controlled by the United States. He has represented Panama national team.[80]


document_title: Playback singer

question_text: who sing the most songs in the world

question_tokens: who sing the most songs in the world

text: Playback singer

text: South Asia[edit]

text: South Asian movies produced in the Indian subcontinent are particularly known for using this technique. A majority of Indian movies as well as Pakistani movies typically include six or seven songs. After Alam Ara (1931), the first Indian talkie film, for many years singers made dual recordings for a film, one during the shoot, and later in the recording studio, until 1952 or 1953. Popular playback singers in India enjoy the same status as popular actors, and music directors, such as Rahul Dev Burman (1939–1994),[1][2] Ilaiyaraaja and A. R. Rahman,[3] also receive wide public admiration. Most of the playback singers are initially trained in classical music, but they later often expand their range.[4]

text: Mohammed Rafi and Ahmed Rushdi are regarded as two of the most influential playback singers in South Asia.[5][6][7][8] The sisters Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle, who have mainly worked in Hindi films, are often referred to as two of the best-known and most prolific playback singers in India.[9][10][11][12][13] In 1991, Mangeshkar was cited by the Guinness Book of World Records for having sung more than 30,000 solo, duet and chorus-backed song recordings, more than any other singer in the world.[14][15] However, her name was removed in 1991 and replaced by another Indian playback singer, Dr K J Yesudas in 1991.[citation needed] All India Record. In 2011, Guinness officially acknowledged Lata Mangeshkar's sister Asha Bhosle as the most recorded artist in music history, surpassing her sister.[16]

text: Popular Indian singers include Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Asha Bhosle, Bhupen Hazarika, K. J. Yesudas, Dr. Rajkumar, Mukesh, Kishore Kumar, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar, Mahendra Kapoor, Talat Mahmood, Shamshad Begum, Suraiya, Mubarak Begum, Sandhya Mukherjee, Geeta Dutt, Anuradha Paudwal, Amit Kumar, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,[9] K. S. Chithra, S. Janaki, Vani Jayaram, P. Leela, Swarnalatha,[17] Shreya Ghoshal, Alka Yagnik, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Sadhana Sargam, Mano, Sujatha Mohan, Sunidhi Chauhan, Aditi Singh Sharma, Anuradha Sriram, Harini, Udit Narayan, Kumar Sanu, Abhijeet Bhattacharya, Arijit Singh, Palak Muchhal, Armaan Malik, Jonita Gandhi, Nakash Aziz, Neeti Mohan, Sonu Nigam, Neha Kakkar, Mohit Chauhan, Shaan, KK, Himesh Reshammiya, Nitin Mukesh, Mika Singh, Rajesh Krishnan, Rekha Bhardwaj, Shweta Subram, Shweta Mohan, Papon, Zubeen Garg, Vijay Prakash, Rajesh Krishnan, Shankar Mahadevan.[18][19]

text: Famous Pakistani playback singers include Ahmed Rushdi, Mehdi Hassan, Mehnaz, Shafqat Amanat Ali, Nazia Hassan, Alamgir,[20] Masood Rana, Adnan Sami Khan, Noor Jehan, Mala, Atif Aslam, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Ali Zafar, Ghulam Ali, Runa Laila, Hadiqa Kiani, Alycia Dias, Saleem Raza, Akhlaq Ahmed, Mujeeb Aalam, Asad Amanat Ali Khan, Bashir Ahmad, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Abrar-ul-Haq, Abida Parveen, Ali Azmat, Brian O'Connell, Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan, Fariha Pervez, Ghulam Haider, Humera Arshad, Jawad Ahmad, Sajjad Ali, Salma Agha, Muhammad Juman, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Waqar Ali, Zohaib Hassan, Naheed Akhtar and A. Nayyar.[21]

text: Hollywood[edit]

text: Playback singing is not as common in contemporary Hollywood as musicals are less frequent.[citation needed] It was, however, more widely used in the past. Notable Hollywood performances include Marni Nixon in West Side Story for Natalie Wood's portrayal of Maria, in The King and I for Deborah Kerr's Anna Leonowens and for Audrey Hepburn's Eliza in My Fair Lady; Bill Lee singing for John Kerr's Lieutenant Cable in South Pacific and for Christopher Plummer's Captain von Trapp in The Sound of Music,[22] Lindsay Ridgeway for Ashley Peldon's character as Darla Dimple in the animated film Cats Don't Dance, Claudia Brücken providing the singing voice for Erika Heynatz's character as Elsa Lichtmann in L.A. Noire, and Betty Noyes singing for Debbie Reynolds in Singin' in the Rain,[23] a movie in which playback singing is a major plot point.


document_title: K

question_text: in fracture mechanics the symbol k stands for

text: K

text: History

text:
Egyptian hieroglyph D
Proto-Semitic K
Phoenician
K
Etruscan K
Greek
Kappa

text: The letter K comes from the Greek letter Κ (kappa), which was taken from the Semitic kap, the symbol for an open hand.[2] This, in turn, was likely adapted by Semites who had lived in Egypt from the hieroglyph for "hand" representing D in the Egyptian word for hand, d-r-t. The Semites evidently assigned it the sound value /k/ instead, because their word for hand started with that sound.[3]

text: In the earliest Latin inscriptions, the letters C, K and Q were all used to represent the sounds /k/ and /g/ (which were not differentiated in writing). Of these, Q was used to represent /k/ or /g/ before a rounded vowel, K before /a/, and C elsewhere. Later, the use of C and its variant G replaced most usages of K and Q. K survived only in a few fossilized forms such as Kalendae, "the calends".[4]

text: After Greek words were taken into Latin, the Kappa was transliterated as a C. Loanwords from other alphabets with the sound /k/ were also transliterated with C. Hence, the Romance languages generally use C and have K only in later loanwords from other language groups. The Celtic languages also tended to use C instead of K, and this influence carried over into Old English.

text: Use in writing systems

text: English

text: Today, English is the only Germanic language to productively use "hard" ⟨c⟩ (outside the digraph ⟨ck⟩) rather than ⟨k⟩ (although Dutch uses it in loaned words of Latin origin, and the pronunciation of these words follows the same hard/soft distinction as in English).[citation needed] The letter ⟨k⟩ is usually silent at the start of an English word when it comes before the letter ⟨n⟩, as in the words "knight," "knife," "knot," "know," and "knee". Like J, X, Q, and Z, K is not used very frequently in English. It is the fifth least frequently used letter in the English language, with a frequency of about 0.8% in words.

text: Number

text: The SI prefix for a thousand is kilo-, officially abbreviated as k—for instance, prefixed to "metre" or its abbreviation m, kilometre or km signifies a thousand metres. As such, people occasionally represent numbers in a non-standard notation by replacing the last three zeros of the general numeral with "K": for instance, 30K for 30,000.

text: Other languages

text: In most languages where it is employed, this letter represents the sound /k/ (with or without aspiration) or some similar sound.

text: Other systems

text: The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨k⟩ for the voiceless velar plosive.

text: Related characters

text: Ancestors, descendants and siblings

text:
𐤊 : Semitic letter Kaph, from which the following symbols originally derive
Κ κ/ϰ : Greek letter Kappa, from which K derives
К к : Cyrillic letter Ka, also derived from Kappa
K with diacritics: Ƙ ƙ Ꝁ ꝁ Ḱ ḱ Ǩ ǩ Ḳ ḳ Ķ ķ ᶄ Ⱪ ⱪ Ḵ ḵ
The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of the letter K:[5]

U+1D0B ᴋ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL K
U+1D37 ᴷ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL K
U+1D4F ᵏ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL K

ₖ : Subscript small k was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902[6]
Ʞ ʞ : Turned capital and small k were used in transcriptions of the Dakota language in publications of the American Board of Ethnology in the late 19th century.[7] Turned small k was also used for a velar click in the International Phonetic Alphabet but its use was withdrawn in 1970.

text: Ligatures and abbreviations

text:
₭ : Lao kip
Ꝃ ꝃ, Ꝅ ꝅ, Ꞣ ꞣ : Various forms of K were used for medieval scribal abbreviations[8]

text: Computing codes

text:
Character
K
k
K

Unicode name
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K
LATIN SMALL LETTER K
KELVIN SIGN

Encodings
decimal
hex
decimal
hex
decimal
hex

Unicode
75
U+004B
107
U+006B
8490
U+212A

UTF-8
75
4B
107
6B
226 132 170
E2 84 AA

Numeric character reference
K
K
k
k
K
K

EBCDIC family
210
D2
146
92

ASCII 1
75
4B
107
6B

text: Other representation

text:
NATO phonetic
Morse code

Kilo
–·–

text:
Signal flag
Flag semaphore
American manual alphabet (ASL fingerspelling)
Braille
dots-13

text: Other usage

text:
"K" replacing "C" in satiric misspelling.
K is the unit symbol for the kelvin, used to mesure thermodynamic temperature.
K is the chemical symbol for the element potassium (K is an abbreviation of kalium, the Latin name for potassium).
Triangle K.
Unit prefix k, meaning 1000 times.
K is the name of the principal character in Franz Kafka's novel The Trial.
In chess notation, the letter K represents the King (WK for White King, BK for Black King).
In baseball scoring, the letter K is used to represent a strikeout. A forwards oriented K represents a "strikeout swinging"; a backwards oriented K () represents a "strikeout looking".
As abbreviation for OK, often used in emails and short text messages.
K is used as a slang term for Ketamine among recreational drug users.
In the CMYK color model, K represents black ink.
In International Morse code it is used to mean "over".[9]
In fracture mechanics, K is used to represent the stress intensity factor.
In physics, k usually stands for Boltzmann's constant
K (logic).


document_title: Project Mc2

question_text: when is season 6 of project mc2 coming out

text: Project Mc2

text: Plot

text: The series is set in a fictional city called Maywood Glen, California, it revolves around the fields of STEAM, and the adventures of McKeyla McAlister and her best friends, who work for a government organization called NOV8 (pronounced "innovate"), a highly secretive group of teenage female government operatives who are trying to protect the world.

text: Cast and characters

text: Main

text:
Mika Abdalla as McKeyla McAlister, the lead girl and an agent of NOV8. At the beginning of Part 4, she was given the name "The Owl".
Ysa Penarejo as Camryn Coyle, the engineer with a high IQ
Victoria Vida as Adrienne Attoms, the culinary chemist from Spain[2] who always wears high heels
Genneya Walton as Bryden Bandweth, the tech junkie of the group
Antonio Marziale as Prince Xander (main: Part 1, recurring: Part 4)
Marcus Choi (main: Part 1) and Ash Lee (recurring: Part 5) as Charles Coyle
Madeline Whitby as Jillian (Part 1)
Bernardo De Paula as Defector (Part 1)
Troy Fromin as George the Security Guard (Part 1)
Oliver Vaquer as Francois (Part 1)
Danica McKellar as the Quail (Parts 1–2, 4–6), the group's chief intelligence agent in NOV8[3] and McKeyla's mother[4]
Alyssa Lynch (main: Parts 2–4) and Maddie Phillips (recurring: Part 5) as Devon D'Marco
Belle Shouse as Ember Evergreen (Part 2–present)

text: Recurring

text:
Jonathon Buckley as Henry (Part 1)
Melissa Mabie as A.D.I.S.N. (voice), McKeyla's talking notebook. Her name is short for "Advanced Digital Intelligence Spy Notebook".[5] It is pronounced as "Addison".
Johanna Newmarch as Carson Lazarus (Parts 2–3)
Ty Wood as Justin (Parts 2–3)
Maxwell Haynes as Kyle (Part 2–present)
Adrian Petriw as Retro (voice; Part 2)
Kurt Evans as Assistant Principal Wilson (Part 2)
Vanessa Parise as the Falcon (Part 3), McKeyla's aunt Montana[6] who is also a substitute for the Quail while she's off the grid
Sarah Desjardins as Maddy McAlister (Parts 3–4, 6), McKeyla's big sister. At the beginning of Part 4, she was given the name "The Nighthawk".
Adam Beauchesne as Simon Temple (Part 3)
Emily Delahunty as Tessa (Part 5)
Houston Stevenson as Zach (Parts 5–6)
Jody Thompson as Jenny Wallis (Part 5)
Catherine Haggquist as Dr. A. Crawford (Part 5)
Richard Ian Cox as Professor Kato (Part 5)
Jay Hindle as Max McAlister (Part 6), McKeyla's father
Chris Rosamond as Bobby Stone (Part 6)
Loretta Walsh as Charlotte Adele (Part 6)

text: Episodes

text: Series overview

text:
Part
Episodes
Originally released

First released
Last released

1
3
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

2
6
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

3
6
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

4
1
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

5
5
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

6
5
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)

text: Part 1 (2015)

text:
No.
overall
No. in part
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"The New Girl"
Michael Younesi
Jordana Arkin
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

McKeyla McAlister receives a new mission. She transfers to a school in Maywood Glen, where she bumps into two girls, Camryn and Bryden. A computer AI program in her notebook, A.D.I.S.N., accidentally speaks in front of the girls, which causes them to become suspicious. Meanwhile, Space Inc. receives an anonymous phone call threatening them with serious consequences for everyone if they don't cancel Prince Xander's space flight. Camryn's dad remembers that he left his laptop closed at the office, but when he went back in the morning, it was open. The girls suspect McKeyla is involved, and ask Adrienne to help them get the fingerprint from the laptop. They steal McKeyla's pen and manage to get a partial fingerprint match. They follow her, but shortly, McKeyla notices that they had given her a camera pen and catches the girls spying on her. They get into the house before she can stop them, and they meet McKeyla's boss, the Quail, who is a member of NOV8. She reveals that they are trying to protect the prince, and invites the girls to join McKeyla in the mission.

2
2
"Secret Agenting"
Michael Younesi
Jordana Arkin
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

McKeyla is doubting that the girls can take the job seriously enough, and would prefer working alone, but NOV8 wants her to have extra support due to the threat against the prince. McKeyla wants the girls to show her their skills. Adrienne makes a volcano cake. Bryden takes a picture of McKeyla and hacks into her lab's wireless system to display it on every screen in the lab. Camryn makes a "portable police scanner with added features", which they use to locate the prince. The girls notice a suspicious car, and manage to distract the guards and break into the facility where they're keeping the prince. They warn the prince that someone might be trying to kidnap him, and they take him to Bryden's house. NOV8 discovers that the prince's capsule will come close to a U.S. government cyber-satellite at the peak of his flight. Meanwhile, their location is discovered because Bryden tweeted from there, so they take the prince to a NOV8 safe house. Later, they find out that the logo they saw on the car belongs to a cyber security company called Black Star. A few minutes later, the girls get distracted and the prince disappears.

3
3
"Smart Is the New Cool"
Michael Younesi
Jordana Arkin
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

The girls research the organization called Black Star, and interrogate one of their top agents, who believes that they are doing wrong but is too scared to turn them in to the authorities. It turns out that they were not trying to kidnap the prince at all, but instead they are using his luggage to store a device that can be used to hack into a government satellite. It will allow Black Star to access each and every person's personal data, such as email, texting, and other information that they can then sell for billions of dollars. The four sneak into the launch site, find the device inside the prince's luggage, and destroy it before they are caught by security. Black Star's head, Darone, is caught and Jillian, the prince's assistant, is revealed to be working for them out of contempt that the prince can boss her around and she can do nothing about it, and sent to jail as well. In the end, the prince goes to space and he sends the girls a Snapchat from space, and McKeyla is given permission from the Quail to stay at Maywood Glen as her base. She is shown to be attending school with her friends.

text: Part 2 (2016)

text:
No.
overall
No. in part
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

4
1
"Back to Basics"
Michael Younesi
Mitchel Katlin & Nat Bernstein
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

The four girls are demoted back to basics after they make a big deal out of saving the prince in Part 1. They are not allowed on any mission, even as a suspicious figure, Carson Lazarus, a criminal mastermind, is released from jail. Soon after, a figure who calls themselves "Retro" causes all technology to malfunction and glitch in Maywood Glen. The girls strongly suspect that the two are linked. The video shows that in the background, there is something labeled "Property of MGA" – where MGA stands for Maywood Glen Academy – and it is very possible that Retro is a student at the academy. Meanwhile, McKeyla tries to fit in and becomes "study buddies" with Kyle Lewis, a rather awkward and suspicious teenager.

5
2
"No Laughing Matter"
Michael Younesi
Paul Ciancarelli & David DiPietro
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

The Quail allows the four girls to figure out this case. McKeyla becomes increasingly suspicious of Kyle, but soon dismisses the idea of him being Retro. They also suspect Devon D'Marco, a troublemaker, as she spray-paints handcuffs on a picture of a drone on a poster about the upcoming launch. All four girls except Bry, who has to babysit, make ways to get detention on Saturday with Devon. Bry runs a vocal recognition as Cam and Adri confront the troublemaker and McKeyla looks through her bag. Devon is proven to be innocent, just using the school's 3D printer to make skulls for her nana's birthday. The three hide in the janitor's closet as the assistant principal walks by, and find out that Retro is planning to send a radio signal to the drone, making it crash, and pipe laughing gas through the vents so when the drone crashes, everybody will be laughing. The girls block the radio signal, and heat up the gas so it separates and becomes harmless.

6
3
"Trashed"
Vanessa Parise
Jessica Kaminsky
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

7
4
"Dam Fine Mess"
Vanessa Parise
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

8
5
"Bye Bye Birdie"
Michael Younesi
Annie Burgstede & Kate Duffy
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

9
6
"Mission Totally Possible"
Michael Younesi
Kathy Fischer
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

text: Part 3 (2016)

text:
No.
overall
No. in part
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

10
1
"Finding Maddy"
Michael Robison
Nat Bernstein & Mitchel Katlin
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

11
2
"Gummying Up the Works"
Michael Robison
Paul Ciancarelli & David DiPietro
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

12
3
"Crate Expectations"
Ken Friss
Jessica Kaminsky
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

13
4
"One Track Mind"
Ken Friss
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

14
5
"Simon Sayz"
Jon Rosenbaum
Elaine Aronson
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

15
6
"Ear Today. Gone Tomorrow"
Jon Rosenbaum
Kathy Fischer
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

text: Part 4 (2017)

text:
No.
overall
No. in part
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

16
1
"A Royal Pain"
Ken Friss
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

text: Part 5 (2017)

text:
No.
overall
No. in part
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

17
1
"If You Fail on Mars Can Anyone Hear You Scream"
Ken Friss
Mitchel Katlin
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

18
2
"Nanobots, Souffles and Gray Goo, Oh My"
Ken Friss
Nat Bernstein
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

19
3
"Bad Air Day"
Michael Younesi
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

20
4
"Totally Marble Nailed It"
Michael Younesi
Kathleen Fischer
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

21
5
"Gray Goo on the Loose"
Ken Friss
Nat Bernstein & Mitchel Katlin
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

text: Part 6 (2017)

text:
No.
overall
No. in part
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

22
1
"Stone Acres Is the Place to Be"
Ken Friss
Mitchel Katlin
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)

23
2
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"
Allan Harmon
Elaine Aronson
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)

24
3
"Zorro Dark Thirty"
Allan Harmon
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)

25
4
"Water from a Bobby Store"
Ken Friss
Kathleen Fischer
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)

26
5
"Family Affair"
Ken Friss
Elaine Aronson
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)

text: Production

text: The first season of the series, consisting of three episodes, was released on August 7, 2015.[7] On April 6, 2016, Netflix announced that the series has been renewed for its second and third seasons. The second season was released on August 12, 2016,[8] and the third season was released on October 14, 2016.[9] Both consisted of six episodes. An extended 34-minute Valentine's Day special was released as the first and only episode of the fourth season on February 14, 2017.[10] A fifth season consisting of five episodes was released on September 15, 2017. A sixth season, also consisting of five episodes, was released on November 7, 2017.

text: The series is filmed primarily in and around the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, including Chatsworth, Woodland Hills, Van Nuys, and Northridge, as well as in Alhambra.


document_title: List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees

question_text: who inducted the who into the rock and roll hall of fame

text: Inductees[edit]

text: Performers[edit]

text: The performers category is meant for recording artists and bands that have "influence and significance to the development and perpetuation of rock and roll."[2] Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record. In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects anywhere from nine to a dozen candidates. Ballots are sent to 600 "rock experts" who then evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers who receive the highest number of votes and more than 50 percent of the vote are inducted. In 2011, the number inducted was five. The rest of the categories are voted on by special committees.[2] In 2012, six additional bands and groups were inducted as performers by a special committee, due to the controversial nature of their band being excluded when their lead singer was inducted. "There was a lot of discussion about this," said Terry Stewart, a member of the nominating committee. "There had always been conversations about why the groups weren't included when the lead singers were inducted. Very honestly, nobody could really answer that question – it was so long ago... We decided we'd sit down as an organization and look at that. This is the result."[10]

text:
Year
Image
Name
Inducted members
Inducted By[11]

1986

Berry, ChuckChuck Berry

Keith Richards

1986

Brown, JamesJames Brown

Steve Winwood

1986

Charles, RayRay Charles

Quincy Jones

1986

Cooke, SamSam Cooke

Herb Alpert

1986

Domino, FatsFats Domino

Billy Joel

1986

Everly Brothers !The Everly Brothers
Don Everly and Phil Everly.[12]
Neil Young

1986

Holly, BuddyBuddy Holly

John Fogerty

1986

Lewis, Jerry LeeJerry Lee Lewis

Hank Williams Jr.

1986

Little Richard

Roberta Flack

1986

Presley, ElvisElvis Presley

Julian and Sean Lennon

1987

Coasters !The Coasters
Carl Gardner, Cornell Gunter, Billy Guy, and Will "Dub" Jones.[13]
Lester Sill

1987

Cochran, EddieEddie Cochran

Mick Jones

1987

Diddley, BoBo Diddley

ZZ Top

1987

Franklin, ArethaAretha Franklin

Keith Richards

1987

Gaye, MarvinMarvin Gaye

Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson

1987

Haley, BillBill Haley

Chuck Berry

1987

King, B.B.B.B. King

Sting

1987

McPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatter

Ben E. King

1987

Nelson, RickyRicky Nelson

John Fogerty

1987

Orbison, RoyRoy Orbison

Bruce Springsteen

1987

Perkins, CarlCarl Perkins

Sam Phillips

1987

Robinson, SmokeySmokey Robinson

Daryl Hall and John Oates

1987

Turner, Big JoeBig Joe Turner

Doc Pomus

1987

Waters, MuddyMuddy Waters

Paul Butterfield

1987

Wilson, JackieJackie Wilson

Peter Wolf

1988

Beach Boys !The Beach Boys
Al Jardine, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, and Dennis Wilson.[14]
Elton John

1988

Beatles !The Beatles
George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr.[15]
Mick Jagger

1988

Drifters !The Drifters
Ben E. King, Rudy Lewis, Clyde McPhatter, Johnny Moore, Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas, and Gerhart Thrasher.[16]
Billy Joel

1988

Dylan, BobBob Dylan

Bruce Springsteen

1988

Supremes !The Supremes
Florence Ballard, Diana Ross, and Mary Wilson.[17]
Little Richard

1989

Dion !Dion

Lou Reed

1989

Redding, OtisOtis Redding

Little Richard

1989

Rolling Stones !The Rolling Stones
Mick Jagger, Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Ian Stewart, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts, Ronnie Wood, and Bill Wyman.[18]
Pete Townshend

1989

Temptations !The Temptations
Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, David Ruffin, Otis Williams, Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards.[19]
Daryl Hall and John Oates

1989

Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder

Paul Simon

1990

Ballard, HankHank Ballard

Boz Scaggs

1990

Darin, BobbyBobby Darin

Paul Anka

1990

Four Seasons !The Four Seasons
Tom DeVito, Bob Gaudio, Nick Massi, and Frankie Valli.[20]
Bob Crewe

1990

Four Tops !Four Tops
Renaldo "Obie" Benson, Abdul "Duke" Fakir, Lawrence Payton, and Levi Stubbs.[21]
Stevie Wonder

1990

Kinks !The Kinks
Mick Avory, Dave Davies, Ray Davies, and Pete Quaife.[22]
Graham Nash

1990

Platters !The Platters
David Lynch, Herb Reed, Paul Robi, Zola Taylor, and Tony Williams.[23]
Phil Spector

1990

Simon & Garfunkel
Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel.[24]
James Taylor

1990

Who !The Who
Roger Daltrey, John Entwistle, Keith Moon, and Pete Townshend.[25]
U2

1991

Baker, LaVernLaVern Baker

Chaka Khan

1991

Byrds !The Byrds
Gene Clark, Michael Clarke, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Roger McGuinn.[26]
Don Henley

1991

Hooker, John LeeJohn Lee Hooker

Bonnie Raitt

1991
—
Impressions !The Impressions
Curtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden, Fred Cash, Arthur Brooks, Richard Brooks, and Jerry Butler.[27]
Tracy Chapman

1991

Pickett, WilsonWilson Pickett

Bobby Brown

1991

Reed, JimmyJimmy Reed

ZZ Top

1991

Turner, Ike & TinaIke & Tina Turner
Ike Turner and Tina Turner.[28]
Phil Spector

1992

Bland, Bobby !Bobby "Blue" Bland

B.B. King

1992

Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Al Jackson Jr., and Lewie Steinberg.[29]
Jim Stewart

1992

Cash, JohnnyJohnny Cash

Lyle Lovett

1992

Isley Brothers !The Isley Brothers
Ernie Isley, Marvin Isley, O'Kelly Isley Jr., Ronald Isley, Rudolph Isley, and Chris Jasper.[30]
Little Richard

1992

Hendrix Experience, The JimiThe Jimi Hendrix Experience
Jimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding.[31]
Neil Young

1992

Sam & Dave
Sam Moore and Dave Prater.[32]
Billy Joel

1992

Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Jimmy Page, Keith Relf, and Paul Samwell-Smith.[33]
The Edge

1993

Brown, RuthRuth Brown

Bonnie Raitt

1993

Cream
Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce, and Eric Clapton.[34]
ZZ Top

1993

Creedence Clearwater Revival
Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, John Fogerty, and Tom Fogerty.[35]
Bruce Springsteen

1993

Doors !The Doors
John Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek, and Jim Morrison.[36]
Eddie Vedder

1993

Lymon & The Teenagers, FrankieFrankie Lymon & The Teenagers
Herman Santiago, Jimmy Merchant, Sherman Garnes, Frankie Lymon, and Joe Negroni[37]
Boyz II Men

1993

James, EttaEtta James

k.d. lang

1993

Morrison, VanVan Morrison

Robbie Robertson

1993

Sly and the Family Stone
Gregg Errico, Larry Graham, Jerry Martini, Cynthia Robinson, Freddie Stone, Rosie Stone, and Sly Stone.[38]
George Clinton

1994

Animals !The Animals
Eric Burdon, Chas Chandler, Alan Price, John Steel, and Hilton Valentine.[39]
Dave Pirner

1994

Band !The Band
Rick Danko, Levon Helm, Garth Hudson, Richard Manuel, and Robbie Robertson.[40]
Eric Clapton

1994

Eddy, DuaneDuane Eddy

Mick Jones

1994

Grateful Dead
Tom Constanten, Jerry Garcia, Donna Jean Godchaux, Keith Godchaux, Mickey Hart, Robert Hunter, Bill Kreutzmann, Phil Lesh, Ron McKernan, Brent Mydland, Bob Weir, and Vince Welnick.[41]
Bruce Hornsby

1994

John, EltonElton John

Axl Rose

1994

Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon

Paul McCartney

1994

Marley, BobBob Marley

Bono

1994

Stewart, RodRod Stewart

Jeff Beck

1995

Allman Brothers Band !The Allman Brothers Band
Duane Allman, Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley, and Butch Trucks.[42]
Willie Nelson

1995

Green, AlAl Green

Natalie Cole

1995

Joplin, JanisJanis Joplin

Melissa Etheridge

1995

Led Zeppelin
John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, and Robert Plant[43]
Steven Tyler and Joe Perry

1995

Martha and the Vandellas
Rosalind Ashford, Annette Beard, Betty Kelly, Lois Reeves, Martha Reeves, and Sandra Tilley.[44]
Fred Schneider and Kate Pierson

1995

Young, NeilNeil Young

Eddie Vedder

1995

Zappa, FrankFrank Zappa

Lou Reed

1996

Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie

Madonna and David Byrne

1996

Knight & the Pips, GladysGladys Knight & the Pips
William Guest, Gladys Knight, Merald "Bubba" Knight, and Edward Patten.[45]
Mariah Carey

1996

Jefferson Airplane
Marty Balin, Jack Casady, Spencer Dryden, Paul Kantner, Jorma Kaukonen, and Grace Slick.[46]
Mickey Hart and Phil Lesh

1996

Little Willie John

Stevie Wonder

1996

Pink Floyd
Syd Barrett, David Gilmour, Nick Mason, Roger Waters, and Rick Wright.[47]
Billy Corgan

1996

Shirelles !The Shirelles
Shirley Alston Reeves, Addie Harris, Doris Kenner-Jackson, and Beverly Lee.[48]
Merry Clayton, Marianne Faithfull and Darlene Love

1996

Velvet Underground !The Velvet Underground
John Cale, Sterling Morrison, Lou Reed, and Maureen Tucker.[49]
Patti Smith

1997

Bee Gees
Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, and Robin Gibb.[50]
Brian Wilson

1997

Buffalo Springfield
Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, and Neil Young.[51]
Tom Petty

1997

Crosby, Stills & Nash
David Crosby, Graham Nash, and Stephen Stills.[52]
James Taylor

1997

Jackson 5, TheThe Jackson 5
Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, and Tito Jackson.[53]
Diana Ross

1997

Mitchell, JoniJoni Mitchell

Shawn Colvin

1997

Parliament-Funkadelic
Jerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, William "Billy Bass" Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, and Bernie Worrell.[54]
Prince

1997

Rascals !The (Young) Rascals
Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, and Dino Danelli.[55]
Steven Van Zandt

1998

Eagles
Don Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, Timothy B. Schmit, and Joe Walsh.[56]
Jimmy Buffett

1998

Fleetwood Mac
Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Peter Green, Danny Kirwan, Christine McVie, John McVie, Stevie Nicks, and Jeremy Spencer.[57]
Sheryl Crow

1998

Mamas & The Papas !The Mamas & the Papas
Denny Doherty, Cass Elliot, John Phillips, and Michelle Phillips.[58]
Shania Twain

1998

Price, LloydLloyd Price

Tony Rich

1998

Santana
Jose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Michael Carabello, Gregg Rolie, Carlos Santana, and Michael Shrieve.[59]
John Popper

1998

Vincent, GeneGene Vincent

John Fogerty

1999

Joel, BillyBilly Joel

Ray Charles

1999

Mayfield, CurtisCurtis Mayfield

Sean Combs

1999

McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney

Neil Young

1999

Shannon, DelDel Shannon

Art Alexakis

1999

Springfield, DustyDusty Springfield

Elton John

1999

Springsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen

Bono

1999

Staple Singers, TheThe Staple Singers
Cleotha Staples, Mavis Staples, Pervis Staples, Pops Staples, and Yvonne Staples.[60]
Lauryn Hill

2000

Clapton, EricEric Clapton

Robbie Robertson

2000

Earth, Wind & Fire
Philip Bailey, Larry Dunn, Johnny Graham, Ralph Johnson, Al McKay, Fred White, Maurice White, Verdine White, and Andrew Woolfolk.[61]
Lil Kim

2000

Lovin' Spoonful, TheThe Lovin' Spoonful
Steve Boone, Joe Butler, John Sebastian, and Zal Yanovsky.[61]
John Mellencamp

2000

Moonglows, TheThe Moonglows
Prentiss Barnes, Harvey Fuqua, Peter Graves, Billy Johnson, and Bobby Lester.[61]
Paul Simon

2000

Raitt, BonnieBonnie Raitt

Melissa Etheridge

2000

Taylor, JamesJames Taylor

Paul McCartney

2001

Aerosmith
Tom Hamilton, Joey Kramer, Joe Perry, Steven Tyler, and Brad Whitford.[62]
Kid Rock

2001

Burke, SolomonSolomon Burke

Mary J. Blige

2001

Flamingos, TheThe Flamingos
Jake Carey, Zeke Carey, Johnny Carter, Tommy Hunt, Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, Sollie McElroy, Nate Nelson, and Paul Wilson.[63]
Frankie Valli

2001

Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson

NSYNC

2001

Queen
John Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury, and Roger Taylor.[64]
Dave Grohl and Taylor Hawkins

2001

Simon, PaulPaul Simon

Marc Anthony

2001

Steely Dan
Walter Becker and Donald Fagen.[65]
Moby

2001

Valens, RitchieRitchie Valens

Ricky Martin

2002

Hayes, IsaacIsaac Hayes

Alicia Keys

2002

Lee, BrendaBrenda Lee

Jewel

2002

Petty and the Heartbreakers, TomTom Petty and the Heartbreakers
Tom Petty, Ron Blair, Mike Campbell, Howie Epstein, Stan Lynch, and Benmont Tench.[66]
Jakob Dylan

2002

Pitney, GeneGene Pitney

Darlene Love

2002

Ramones
Dee Dee Ramone, Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone, Marky Ramone, and Tommy Ramone.[67]
Eddie Vedder

2002

Talking Heads
David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison, and Tina Weymouth.[68]
Anthony Kiedis

2003

AC/DC
Brian Johnson, Phil Rudd, Bon Scott, Cliff Williams, Angus Young, and Malcolm Young.[69]
Steven Tyler

2003

Clash, TheThe Clash
Terry Chimes, Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, and Joe Strummer.[70]
The Edge and Tom Morello

2003

Costello & the Attractions, ElvisElvis Costello & the Attractions
Elvis Costello, Steve Nieve, Bruce Thomas, and Pete Thomas.[71]
Elton John

2003

Police, TheThe Police
Stewart Copeland, Sting, and Andy Summers.[72]
Gwen Stefani

2003

Righteous Brothers, TheThe Righteous Brothers
Bobby Hatfield and Bill Medley.[73]
Billy Joel

2004

Browne, JacksonJackson Browne

Bruce Springsteen

2004

Dells, TheThe Dells
Verne Allison, Chuck Barksdale, Johnny Carter, Johnny Funches, Marvin Junior, and Michael McGill.[74]
Robert Townsend

2004

Harrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison

Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne

2004

Prince

Outkast and Alicia Keys

2004

Seger, BobBob Seger

Kid Rock

2004

Traffic
Jim Capaldi, Dave Mason, Steve Winwood, and Chris Wood.[75]
Dave Matthews

2004

ZZ Top
Frank Beard, Billy Gibbons, and Dusty Hill.[76]
Keith Richards

2005

Guy, BuddyBuddy Guy

Eric Clapton and B.B. King

2005

O'Jays, TheThe O'Jays
Eddie Levert, Bobby Massey, William Powell, Sammy Strain, and Walter Williams.[77]
Justin Timberlake

2005

The Pretenders
Martin Chambers, Pete Farndon, James Honeyman-Scott, and Chrissie Hynde.[78]
Neil Young

2005

Sledge, PercyPercy Sledge

Rod Stewart

2005

U2
Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, and Larry Mullen, Jr..[79]
Bruce Springsteen

2006

Black Sabbath
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, and Bill Ward.[80]
James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich

2006

Blondie
Clem Burke, Jimmy Destri, Nigel Harrison, Debbie Harry, Frank Infante, Chris Stein, and Gary Valentine.[81]
Shirley Manson

2006

Davis, MilesMiles Davis

Herbie Hancock

2006

Lynyrd Skynyrd
Bob Burns, Allen Collins, Steve Gaines, Ed King, Billy Powell, Artimus Pyle, Gary Rossington, Ronnie Van Zant, and Leon Wilkeson.[82]
Kid Rock

2006

Sex Pistols
Paul Cook, Steve Jones, Glen Matlock, John Lydon, and Sid Vicious.[83]
Jann Wenner

2007

Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five
Melvin "Melle Mel" Glover, Nathaniel "The Kidd Creole" Glover, Eddie "Scorpio" Morris, Joseph "Grandmaster Flash" Sadler, Robert Keith "Keef Cowboy" Wiggins, and Guy Todd "Rahiem" Williams.[84]
Jay-Z

2007

R.E.M.
Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.[85]
Eddie Vedder

2007

Ronettes, TheThe Ronettes
Estelle Bennett, Ronnie Spector, and Nedra Talley.[86]
Keith Richards

2007

Smith, PattiPatti Smith

Zack de la Rocha

2007

Van Halen
Michael Anthony, Sammy Hagar, David Lee Roth, Alex Van Halen, and Eddie Van Halen.[87]
Velvet Revolver

2008

Clark Five, The DaveThe Dave Clark Five
Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson, Rick Huxley, Denis Payton, and Mike Smith.[88]
Tom Hanks

2008

Cohen, LeonardLeonard Cohen

Lou Reed

2008

Madonna

Justin Timberlake

2008

Mellencamp, JohnJohn Mellencamp

Billy Joel

2008

Ventures, TheThe Ventures
Bob Bogle, Nokie Edwards, Gerry McGee, Mel Taylor, and Don Wilson.[89]
John Fogerty

2009

Beck, JeffJeff Beck

Jimmy Page

2009

Little Anthony and the Imperials
Clarence Collins, Anthony Gourdine, Tracy Lord, Glouster "Nat" Rogers, Sammy Strain, and Ernest Wright Jr.[90]
Smokey Robinson

2009

Metallica
Cliff Burton, Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield, Jason Newsted, Robert Trujillo, and Lars Ulrich.[91]
Flea

2009

Run-DMC
Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell, and Joseph "DJ Run" Simmons.[92]
Eminem

2009

Womack, BobbyBobby Womack

Ron Wood

2010

ABBA
Benny Andersson, Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, and Björn Ulvaeus.[93]
Barry and Robin Gibb

2010

Genesis
Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Steve Hackett, and Mike Rutherford.[94]
Trey Anastasio

2010

Cliff, JimmyJimmy Cliff

Wyclef Jean

2010

Hollies, TheThe Hollies
Bernie Calvert, Allan Clarke, Bobby Elliott, Eric Haydock, Tony Hicks, Graham Nash, and Terry Sylvester.[95]
Steven Van Zandt

2010

Stooges, TheThe Stooges
Dave Alexander, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton, Iggy Pop, and James Williamson.[96]
Billie Joe Armstrong

2011

Alice Cooper
Alice Cooper, Michael Owen Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway, and Neal Smith.[97]
Rob Zombie

2011

Diamond, NeilNeil Diamond

Paul Simon

2011

Dr. John

John Legend

2011

Love, DarleneDarlene Love

Bette Midler

2011

Waits, TomTom Waits

Neil Young

2012

Beastie Boys
Michael "Mike D" Diamond, Adam "Ad-Rock" Horovitz, and Adam "MCA" Yauch.[98]
Chuck D and LL Cool J

2012
—
Blue Caps !The Blue Caps[N1]
Backing band for Gene Vincent. Inducted: Tommy Facenda, Cliff Gallup, Dickie Harrell, Bobby Jones, Johnny Meeks, Jack Neal, Paul Peek, and Willie Williams.[99]
Smokey Robinson

2012

Comets !The Comets[N1]
Backing band for Bill Haley. Inducted: Joey Ambrose, Franny Beecher, Danny Cedrone, Johnny Grande, Ralph Jones, Marshall Lytle, Rudy Pompilli, Al Rex, Dick Richards, and Billy Williamson.[100]
Smokey Robinson

2012

Crickets !The Crickets[N1]
Backing band for Buddy Holly. Inducted: Jerry Allison, Sonny Curtis, Joe B. Mauldin, and Niki Sullivan.[101]
Smokey Robinson

2012

Donovan

John Mellencamp

2012

Famous Flames !The Famous Flames[N1]
Backing vocal group for James Brown. Inducted: Bobby Bennett, Bobby Byrd, Lloyd Stallworth, and Johnny Terry.[102]
Smokey Robinson

2012

Guns N' Roses
Steven Adler, Duff McKagan, Dizzy Reed, Axl Rose, Slash, Matt Sorum, and Izzy Stradlin.[103]
Green Day

2012
—
Midnighters !The Midnighters[N1]
Backing vocal group for Hank Ballard. Inducted: Henry Booth, Billy Davis, Cal Green, Arthur Porter, Lawson Smith, Charles Sutton, Norman Thrasher, and Sonny Woods.[104]
Smokey Robinson

2012

Miracles !The Miracles[N1]
Backing vocal group for Smokey Robinson. Inducted: Claudette Rogers, Bobby Rogers, Ronald White, Marv Tarplin, and Pete Moore.[105]
Smokey Robinson

2012

Nyro, LauraLaura Nyro

Bette Midler

2012

Red Hot Chili Peppers
Flea, John Frusciante, Jack Irons, Anthony Kiedis, Josh Klinghoffer, Cliff Martinez, Hillel Slovak, and Chad Smith.[106]
Chris Rock

2012
—
Small Faces/Faces
Kenney Jones, Ronnie Lane, Ian McLagan, Steve Marriott, Rod Stewart, and Ronnie Wood.[107]
Steven Van Zandt

2013

Heart
Michael DeRosier, Roger Fisher, Steve Fossen, Howard Leese, Ann Wilson, and Nancy Wilson.[108]
Chris Cornell

2013

King, AlbertAlbert King

John Mayer

2013

Newman, RandyRandy Newman

Don Henley

2013

Public Enemy
Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Terminator X, and Chuck D.[109]
Harry Belafonte and Spike Lee

2013

Rush
Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart.[110]
Dave Grohl and Taylor Hawkins

2013

Summer, DonnaDonna Summer

Kelly Rowland

2014

Gabriel, PeterPeter Gabriel

Chris Martin

2014

Hall & Oates
Daryl Hall and John Oates.[111]
Questlove

2014

Kiss
Peter Criss, Ace Frehley, Gene Simmons, and Paul Stanley.[112]
Tom Morello

2014

Nirvana
Kurt Cobain, Dave Grohl, and Krist Novoselic.[113]
Michael Stipe

2014

Ronstadt, LindaLinda Ronstadt

Glenn Frey

2014

Stevens, CatCat Stevens

Art Garfunkel

2015

Butterfield Blues Band, The PaulThe Paul Butterfield Blues Band
Paul Butterfield, Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Mark Naftalin, Jerome Arnold, Billy Davenport, and Sam Lay.[114]
Peter Wolf

2015

Jett & the Blackhearts, JoanJoan Jett & the Blackhearts
Joan Jett, Gary Ryan, Lee Crystal, and Ricky Byrd.[115]
Miley Cyrus

2015

Reed, LouLou Reed[116]

Patti Smith

2015

Green Day
Billie Joe Armstrong, Tré Cool, and Mike Dirnt.[117]
Fall Out Boy

2015

Vaughan, Stevie RayStevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble
Stevie Ray Vaughan, Chris Layton, Tommy Shannon, and Reese Wynans.[118]
John Mayer

2015

Withers, BillBill Withers

Stevie Wonder

2016

Cheap Trick
Bun E. Carlos, Rick Nielsen, Tom Petersson, and Robin Zander.[119]
Kid Rock

2016

Chicago
Peter Cetera, Terry Kath, Robert Lamm, Lee Loughnane, James Pankow, Walter Parazaider, and Danny Seraphine.[120]
Rob Thomas

2016

Deep Purple
Ritchie Blackmore, David Coverdale, Rod Evans, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Glenn Hughes, Jon Lord, and Ian Paice[121]
Lars Ulrich

2016

N.W.A
DJ Yella, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Eazy-E, and Dr. Dre[122]
Kendrick Lamar

2016

Miller, SteveSteve Miller

The Black Keys

2017

Electric Light Orchestra
Bev Bevan, Jeff Lynne, Richard Tandy, and Roy Wood[123]
Dhani Harrison

2017

Baez, JoanJoan Baez

Jackson Browne

2017

Journey
Jonathan Cain, Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, Gregg Rolie, Neal Schon, Steve Smith, and Ross Valory[124]
Pat Monahan

2017

Pearl Jam
Jeff Ament, Matt Cameron, Stone Gossard, Dave Krusen, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder[125]
David Letterman

2017

Tupac Shakur

Snoop Dogg

2017

Yes
Jon Anderson, Bill Bruford, Steve Howe, Tony Kaye, Trevor Rabin, Chris Squire, Rick Wakeman, and Alan White[126]
Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson

2018

Bon Jovi
David Bryan, Jon Bon Jovi, Hugh McDonald, Richie Sambora, Alec John Such and Tico Torres[127]

2018

The Cars
Elliot Easton, Greg Hawkes, David Robinson, Ric Ocasek and Benjamin Orr[128]

2018

Dire Straits
Alan Clark, Guy Fletcher, John Illsley, David Knopfler, Mark Knopfler and Pick Withers[129]

2018

The Moody Blues
Graeme Edge, Justin Hayward, Denny Laine, John Lodge, Mike Pinder and Ray Thomas[130]

2018

Nina Simone

text: ^ Note 1. These backing bands were inducted by a separate committee, and not by the ballot voting used for all other performer inductees.

text: Early influences[edit]

text: Artists inducted into the early influences category are those "whose music predated rock and roll but had an impact on the evolution of rock and roll and inspired rock's leading artists."[2] Unlike the performers category, these inductees are selected by a committee. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2]

text:
Year
Name

1986
Rodgers, JimmieJimmie Rodgers

1986
Yancey, JimmyJimmy Yancey

1986
Johnson, RobertRobert Johnson

1987
Jordan, LouisLouis Jordan

1987
Walker, T-BoneT-Bone Walker

1987
Williams, HankHank Williams

1988
Guthrie, WoodyWoody Guthrie

1988
Lead Belly

1988
Les Paul

1989
Ink Spots !The Ink Spots[A]

1989
Smith, BessieBessie Smith

1989
Soul Stirrers !The Soul Stirrers[B]

1990
Christian, CharlieCharlie Christian

1990
Armstrong, LouisLouis Armstrong

1990
Rainey, MaMa Rainey

1991
Howlin' Wolf

1992
James, ElmoreElmore James

1992
Longhair, ProfessorProfessor Longhair

1993
Washington, DinahDinah Washington

1994
Dixon, WillieWillie Dixon

1995
Orioles, TheThe Orioles[C]

1996
Seeger, PetePete Seeger

1997
Jackson, MahaliaMahalia Jackson

1997
Monroe, BillBill Monroe

1998
Jelly Roll Morton

1999
Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys[D]

1999
Brown, CharlesCharles Brown

2000
Cole, Nat !Nat King Cole

2000
Holiday, BillieBillie Holiday

2009
Jackson, WandaWanda Jackson

2012
King, FreddieFreddie King[E]

2015
5 Royalses !The "5" Royales[E][F]

2018
Tharpe, Sister RosettaSister Rosetta Tharpe

text:
^ A. Inducted members: Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Deek Watson, and Orville "Hoppy" Jones.[131]
^ B. Inducted members: Roy Crain Sr., R. H. Harris, Jesse Farley, and E. A. Rundless.[132]
^ C. Inducted members: Sonny Til, Tommy Gaither, George Nelson, Johnny Reed, and Alexander Sharp.[133]
^ D. Inducted members: Bob Wills, Tommy Duncan, Leon McAuliffe, Johnny Gimble, Joe "Jody" Holley, Tiny Moore, Herb Remington, Eldon Shamblin, and Al Stricklin.[134]
^ E. Nominated as a performer.
^ F. Inducted members: John L. Tanner, Eugene Tanner, James E. Moore, Obadiah H. Carter and Lowman Pauling, Jr[135]

text: Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)[edit]

text: The non-performer category honors "songwriters, producers, disc jockeys, record executives, journalists and other industry professionals who have had a major influence on the development of rock and roll."[2] Several of the inductees in this category were in fact prominent performers as well. The inductees in this category are selected by the same committee that chooses the early influences. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2] This category has been criticized for inducting those that have "been coming to the dinner for years and paying for their tickets" and not revealing their full criteria.[136] In 2008, this category was renamed the "Ahmet Ertegün Award".[137]

text:
Year
Name

1986
Freed, AlanAlan Freed

1986
Phillips, SamSam Phillips

1987
Chess, LeonardLeonard Chess

1987
Ertegun, AhmetAhmet Ertegun

1987
Leiber !Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller

1987
Wexler, JerryJerry Wexler

1988
Gordy, Jr., BerryBerry Gordy, Jr.

1989
Spector, PhilPhil Spector

1990
Gerry Goffin and Carole King

1990
Holland–Dozier–Holland

1991
Bartholomew, DaveDave Bartholomew

1991
Bass, RalphRalph Bass

1992
Fender, LeoLeo Fender

1992
Graham, BillBill Graham

1992
Pomus, DocDoc Pomus

1993
Clark, DickDick Clark

1993
Gabler, MiltMilt Gabler

1994
Otis, JohnnyJohnny Otis

1995
Ackerman, PaulPaul Ackerman

1996
Donahue, TomTom Donahue

1997
Nathan, SydSyd Nathan

1998
Toussaint, AllenAllen Toussaint

1999
Martin, GeorgeGeorge Martin

2000
Davis, CliveClive Davis

2001
Blackwell, ChrisChris Blackwell

2002
Stewart, JimJim Stewart

2003
Ostin, MoMo Ostin

2008
Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff

2010
Geffen, DavidDavid Geffen

2010
Blackwell, OtisOtis Blackwell

2010
Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich

2010
Shuman, MortMort Shuman

2010
Stone, JesseJesse Stone

2010
Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil

2011
Holzman, JacJac Holzman

2011
Rupe, ArtArt Rupe

2012
Kirshner, DonDon Kirshner

2013
Adler, LouLou Adler

2013
Jones, QuincyQuincy Jones

2014
Epstein, BrianBrian Epstein

2014
Andrew Loog Oldham

2016
Berns, BertBert Berns

text: Award for Musical Excellence[edit]

text: This category, which replaced sidemen, "honors those musicians, producers and others who have spent their careers out of the spotlight working with major artists on various parts of their recording and live careers."

text:
Year
Name

2011
Russell, LeonLeon Russell

2012
Matassa, CosimoCosimo Matassa

2012
Dowd, TomTom Dowd

2012
Johns, GlynGlyn Johns

2014
E Street Band [G]

2015
Ringo Starr

2017
Nile Rodgers[138]

text: ^ G. Inducted members: Garry Tallent, Roy Bittan, Max Weinberg, Steven Van Zandt, Nils Lofgren, Patti Scialfa, Clarence Clemons, Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, David Sancious.

text: Sidemen[edit]

text: Established in 2000, the sidemen category "honors those musicians who have spent their careers out of the spotlight, performing as backup musicians for major artists on recording sessions and in concert." A separate committee, composed mainly of producers, chooses the inductees.[2] In 2010, the category was renamed to "Award for Musical Excellence". According to Joel Peresman, the president of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation, "This award gives us flexibility to dive into some things and recognize some people who might not ordinarily get recognized."[139]

text:
Year
Name
Instrument

2000
Blaine, HalHal Blaine
Drums[140]

2000
Curtis, KingKing Curtis
Saxophone[141]

2000
Jamerson, JamesJames Jamerson
Bass guitar[142]

2000
Moore, ScottyScotty Moore
Guitar[143]

2000
Palmer, EarlEarl Palmer
Drums[144]

2001
Burton, JamesJames Burton
Guitar[145]

2001
Johnson, JohnnieJohnnie Johnson
Piano[146]

2002
Atkins, ChetChet Atkins
Guitar[147]

2003
Benjamin, BennyBenny Benjamin
Drums[148]

2003
Cramer, FloydFloyd Cramer
Piano[149]

2003
Douglas, SteveSteve Douglas
Saxophone[150]

2008
Walter, LittleLittle Walter
Harmonica[151]

2009
Black, BillBill Black
Bass guitar[152]

2009
Fontana, D. J.D. J. Fontana
Drums[153]

2009
Oldham, SpoonerSpooner Oldham
Keyboard[154]

text: Lifetime achievement[edit]

text: The following were inducted for "Lifetime Achievement in the Non-Performer Category."[2]

text:
Year
Name

1986
Hammond, JohnJohn Hammond

1991
Ertegun, NesuhiNesuhi Ertegun

2004
Wenner, JannJann Wenner

2005
Barsalona, FrankFrank Barsalona

2005
Stein, SeymourSeymour Stein

2006
Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss

text: Multiple inductees[edit]

text: As of 2017, 22 performers have been inducted twice or more; fourteen have been recognized as a solo artist and with a band and seven have been inducted with two separate bands. Eric Clapton is the only one to be inducted three times: as a solo artist, with Cream and The Yardbirds.[155] Clyde McPhatter was the first to ever be inducted twice and is one of three artists to be inducted first as a solo artist and then as a member of a band, the other artists being Neil Young and Rod Stewart. Stephen Stills is the only artist to be inducted twice in the same year. Crosby, Stills & Nash, inducted in 1997, is the only band to see all of its inducted members be inducted with other acts: David Crosby with The Byrds in 1991, Stephen Stills with Buffalo Springfield in 1997, and Graham Nash with The Hollies in 2010. The Beatles, inducted in 1988, is the second band to have all of its members be inducted, as well as the only band to have each of its members be inducted for their solo careers as their second induction. Ringo Starr is the first inductee to be inducted twice in different categories (The Beatles were inducted in the performers category in 1988 and Starr was inducted as a solo artist in the Award for Musical Excellence category in 2015). He also holds the record for the longest time between first and second inductions, at 27 years. Both of Stills' inductions happened during the 1997 ceremony and Clapton and McPhatter were inducted in back-to-back years (1987/88 for McPhatter, 1992/93 for Clapton, as well as his solo induction in 2000). The Traveling Wilburys are the only band to have all of its members be inducted without the band itself having been inducted: Roy Orbison as a solo artist in 1987, Bob Dylan as a solo artist in 1988, George Harrison with the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2004, Tom Petty with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in 2002, and Jeff Lynne with the Electric Light Orchestra in 2017.

text:
Name
First
Year
Second
Year
Third
Year

Beck, JeffJeff Beck
Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
1992
zzzzz !Solo career
2009
—
—

Carter, JohnnyJohnny Carter
Flamingos !The Flamingos
2001
Dells !The Dells
2004
—
—

Clapton, EricEric Clapton
Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
1992
Cream
1993
Solo career
2000

Crosby, DavidDavid Crosby
Byrds !The Byrds
1991
Crosby, Stills & Nash
1997
—
—

Gabriel, PeterPeter Gabriel
Genesis !Genesis
2010
Solo career
2014
—
—

Harrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
zzzzz !Solo career
2004
—
—

Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson
Jackson Five !The Jackson Five
1997
zzzzz !Solo career
2001
—
—

Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
zzzzz !Solo career
1994
—
—

Mayfield, CurtisCurtis Mayfield
Impressions !The Impressions
1991
zzzzz !Solo career
1999
—
—

McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
zzzzz !Solo career
1999
—
—

McPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatter
zzzzz !Solo career
1987
Drifters !The Drifters
1988
—
—

Nash, GrahamGraham Nash
Crosby, Stills & Nash
1997
Hollies !The Hollies
2010
—
—

Page, JimmyJimmy Page
Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
1992
Led Zeppelin
1995
—
—

Reed, LouLou Reed
Velvet Underground !The Velvet Underground
1996
zzzzz !Solo career
2015
—
—

Rolie, GreggGregg Rolie
Santana
1998
Journey
2017
—
—

Simon, PaulPaul Simon
Simon and Garfunkel
1990
zzzzz !Solo career
2001
—
—

Starr, RingoRingo Starr
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
Award For Musical Excellence, Solo career
2015
—
—

Stewart, RodRod Stewart
zzzzz !Solo career
1994
Faces
2012
—
—

Stills, StephenStephen Stills
Buffalo Springfield
1997
Crosby, Stills & Nash
1997
—
—

Strain, Sammy !Sammy Strain
The O'Jays
2005
Little Anthony & The Imperials
2009
—
—

Wood, RonnieRonnie Wood
Rolling Stones !The Rolling Stones
1989
Faces
2012
—
—

Young, NeilNeil Young
zzzzz !Solo career
1995
Buffalo Springfield
1997
—
—