document_title: Asia

question_text: how many countries are in the asia continent

question_tokens: how many countries are in the asia continent

text: Asia

text: Definition and boundaries

text: Asia–Africa boundary

text: The boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal.[citation needed] This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia and the remainder of the country in Africa.

text: Asia–Europe boundary

text: The border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics.[14] The Don River became unsatisfactory to northern Europeans when Peter the Great, king of the Tsardom of Russia, defeating rival claims of Sweden and the Ottoman Empire to the eastern lands, and armed resistance by the tribes of Siberia, synthesized a new Russian Empire extending to the Ural Mountains and beyond, founded in 1721. The major geographical theorist of the empire was actually a former Swedish prisoner-of-war, taken at the Battle of Poltava in 1709 and assigned to Tobolsk, where he associated with Peter's Siberian official, Vasily Tatishchev, and was allowed freedom to conduct geographical and anthropological studies in preparation for a future book.[citation needed]

text: In Sweden, five years after Peter's death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Urals as the border of Asia. The Russians were enthusiastic about the concept, which allowed them to keep their European identity in geography. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg. The latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century. The border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects.[15] The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, although it is sometimes placed further north.[14]

text: Asia–Oceania boundary

text: The border between Asia and the region of Oceania is usually placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. The Maluku Islands in Indonesia are often considered to lie on the border of southeast Asia, with New Guinea, to the east of the islands, being wholly part of Oceania. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several vastly different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the colonial possessions of the various empires there (not all European). Lewis and Wigen assert, "The narrowing of 'Southeast Asia' to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process."[16]

text: Ongoing definition

text: Geographical Asia is a cultural artifact of European conceptions of the world, beginning with the Ancient Greeks, being imposed onto other cultures, an imprecise concept causing endemic contention about what it means. Asia is larger and more culturally diverse than Europe.[17] It does not exactly correspond to the cultural borders of its various types of constituents.[18]

text: From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent system (Europe, Africa, Asia) on the grounds that there is no substantial physical separation between them.[13] For example, Sir Barry Cunliffe, the emeritus professor of European archeology at Oxford, argues that Europe has been geographically and culturally merely "the western excrescence of the continent of Asia".[19]

text: Geographically, Asia is the major eastern constituent of the continent of Eurasia with Europe being a northwestern peninsula of the landmass. Asia, Europe and Africa make up a single continuous landmass – Afro-Eurasia (except for the Suez Canal) – and share a common continental shelf. Almost all of Europe and the better part of Asia sit atop the Eurasian Plate, adjoined on the south by the Arabian and Indian Plate and with the easternmost part of Siberia (east of the Chersky Range) on the North American Plate.

text: Etymology

text: The English name "Asia" was originally a concept of Greek civilization.[20] The place name "Asia" in various forms in a large number of modern languages is of unknown ultimate provenience. Its etymology and language of origin are uncertain. It appears to be one of the most ancient of recorded names. A number of theories have been published. English Asia can be traced through the formation of English literature to Latin literature, where it has the same form, Asia. Whether all uses and all forms of the name derive also from the Latin of the Roman Empire is much less certain. One of the first classical writers to use Asia as a name of the whole continent was Pliny.[21] This metonymical change in meaning is common and can be observed in some other geographical names, such as Skandinavia (from Scania).

text: Bronze Age

text: Before Greek poetry, the Aegean Sea area was in a Greek Dark Age, at the beginning of which syllabic writing was lost and alphabetic writing had not begun. Prior to then in the Bronze Age the records of the Assyrian Empire, the Hittite Empire and the various Mycenaean states of Greece mention a region undoubtedly Asia, certainly in Anatolia, including if not identical to Lydia. These records are administrative and do not include poetry.

text: The Mycenaean states were destroyed about 1200 BCE by unknown agents although one school of thought assigns the Dorian invasion to this time. The burning of the palaces baked clay diurnal administrative records written in a Greek syllabic script called Linear B, deciphered by a number of interested parties, most notably by a young World War II cryptographer, Michael Ventris, subsequently assisted by the scholar, John Chadwick. A major cache discovered by Carl Blegen at the site of ancient Pylos included hundreds of male and female names formed by different methods.

text: Some of these are of women held in servitude (as study of the society implied by the content reveals). They were used in trades, such as cloth-making, and usually came with children. The epithet lawiaiai, "captives", associated with some of them identifies their origin. Some are ethnic names. One in particular, aswiai, identifies "women of Asia".[22] Perhaps they were captured in Asia, but some others, Milatiai, appear to have been of Miletus, a Greek colony, which would not have been raided for slaves by Greeks. Chadwick suggests that the names record the locations where these foreign women were purchased.[23] The name is also in the singular, Aswia, which refers both to the name of a country and to a female of it. There is a masculine form, aswios. This Aswia appears to have been a remnant of a region known to the Hittites as Assuwa, centered on Lydia, or "Roman Asia". This name, Assuwa, has been suggested as the origin for the name of the continent "Asia".[24] The Assuwa league was a confederation of states in western Anatolia, defeated by the Hittites under Tudhaliya I around 1400 BCE.

text: Alternatively, the etymology of the term may be from the Akkadian word (w)aṣû(m), which means 'to go outside' or 'to ascend', referring to the direction of the sun at sunrise in the Middle East and also likely connected with the Phoenician word asa meaning east. This may be contrasted to a similar etymology proposed for Europe, as being from Akkadian erēbu(m) 'to enter' or 'set' (of the sun).

text: T. R. Reid supports this alternative etymology, noting that the ancient Greek name must have derived from asu, meaning 'east' in Assyrian (ereb for Europe meaning 'west').[20] The ideas of Occidental (form Latin Occidens 'setting') and Oriental (from Latin Oriens for 'rising') are also European invention, synonymous with Western and Eastern.[20] Reid further emphasizes that it explains the Western point of view of placing all the peoples and cultures of Asia into a single classification, almost as if there were a need for setting the distinction between Western and Eastern civilizations on the Eurasian continent.[20] Ogura Kazuo and Tenshin Okakura are two outspoken Japanese figures on the subject.[20]

text: Classical antiquity

text: Latin Asia and Greek Ἀσία appear to be the same word. Roman authors translated Ἀσία as Asia. The Romans named a province Asia, located in western Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey). There was an Asia Minor and an Asia Major located in modern-day Iraq. As the earliest evidence of the name is Greek, it is likely circumstantially that Asia came from Ἀσία, but ancient transitions, due to the lack of literary contexts, are difficult to catch in the act. The most likely vehicles were the ancient geographers and historians, such as Herodotus, who were all Greek. Ancient Greek certainly evidences early and rich uses of the name.[25]

text: The first continental use of Asia is attributed to Herodotus (about 440 BCE), not because he innovated it, but because his Histories are the earliest surviving prose to describe it in any detail. He defines it carefully,[26] mentioning the previous geographers whom he had read, but whose works are now missing. By it he means Anatolia and the Persian Empire, in contrast to Greece and Egypt.

text: Herodotus comments that he is puzzled as to why three women's names were "given to a tract which is in reality one" (Europa, Asia, and Libya, referring to Africa), stating that most Greeks assumed that Asia was named after the wife of Prometheus (i.e. Hesione), but that the Lydians say it was named after Asies, son of Cotys, who passed the name on to a tribe at Sardis.[27] In Greek mythology, "Asia" (Ἀσία) or "Asie" (Ἀσίη) was the name of a "Nymph or Titan goddess of Lydia".[28]

text: In ancient Greek religion, places were under the care of female divinities, parallel to guardian angels. The poets detailed their doings and generations in allegoric language salted with entertaining stories, which subsequently playwrights transformed into classical Greek drama and became "Greek mythology". For example, Hesiod mentions the daughters of Tethys and Ocean, among whom are a "holy company", "who with the Lord Apollo and the Rivers have youths in their keeping".[29] Many of these are geographic: Doris, Rhodea, Europa, Asia. Hesiod explains:[30]

text: For there are three-thousand neat-ankled daughters of Ocean who are dispersed far and wide, and in every place alike serve the earth and the deep waters.

text: The Iliad (attributed by the ancient Greeks to Homer) mentions two Phrygians (the tribe that replaced the Luvians in Lydia) in the Trojan War named Asios (an adjective meaning "Asian");[31] and also a marsh or lowland containing a marsh in Lydia as ασιος.[32]

text: History

text: The history of Asia can be seen as the distinct histories of several peripheral coastal regions: East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, linked by the interior mass of the Central Asian steppes.

text: The coastal periphery was home to some of the world's earliest known civilizations, each of them developing around fertile river valleys. The civilizations in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and the Yellow River shared many similarities. These civilizations may well have exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and the wheel. Other innovations, such as writing, seem to have been developed individually in each area. Cities, states and empires developed in these lowlands.

text: The central steppe region had long been inhabited by horse-mounted nomads who could reach all areas of Asia from the steppes. The earliest postulated expansion out of the steppe is that of the Indo-Europeans, who spread their languages into the Middle East, South Asia, and the borders of China, where the Tocharians resided. The northernmost part of Asia, including much of Siberia, was largely inaccessible to the steppe nomads, owing to the dense forests, climate and tundra. These areas remained very sparsely populated.

text: The center and the peripheries were mostly kept separated by mountains and deserts. The Caucasus and Himalaya mountains and the Karakum and Gobi deserts formed barriers that the steppe horsemen could cross only with difficulty. While the urban city dwellers were more advanced technologically and socially, in many cases they could do little in a military aspect to defend against the mounted hordes of the steppe. However, the lowlands did not have enough open grasslands to support a large horsebound force; for this and other reasons, the nomads who conquered states in China, India, and the Middle East often found themselves adapting to the local, more affluent societies.

text: The Islamic Caliphate's defeats of the Byzantine and Persian empires led to West Asia and southern parts of Central Asia and western parts of South Asia under its control during its conquests of the 7th century. The Mongol Empire conquered a large part of Asia in the 13th century, an area extending from China to Europe. Before the Mongol invasion, Song dynasty reportedly had approximately 120 million citizens; the 1300 census which followed the invasion reported roughly 60 million people.[34]

text: The Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, is thought to have originated in the arid plains of central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road.[35]

text: The Russian Empire began to expand into Asia from the 17th century, and would eventually take control of all of Siberia and most of Central Asia by the end of the 19th century. The Ottoman Empire controlled Anatolia, most of the Middle East, North Africa and the Balkans from the mid 16th century onwards. In the 17th century, the Manchu conquered China and established the Qing dynasty. The Islamic Mughal Empire and the Hindu Maratha Empire controlled much of India in the 16th and 18th centuries respectively.[36]

text:
Map of western, southern, and central Asia in 1885[37]

The map of Asia in 1796, which also included the continent of Australia (then known as New Holland).

1890 map of Asia

text: Geography and climate

text: Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the largest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas.[6][38] It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 48 countries, three of them (Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe.

text: Asia has extremely diverse climates and geographic features. Climates range from arctic and subarctic in Siberia to tropical in southern India and Southeast Asia. It is moist across southeast sections, and dry across much of the interior. Some of the largest daily temperature ranges on Earth occur in western sections of Asia. The monsoon circulation dominates across southern and eastern sections, due to the presence of the Himalayas forcing the formation of a thermal low which draws in moisture during the summer. Southwestern sections of the continent are hot. Siberia is one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere, and can act as a source of arctic air masses for North America. The most active place on Earth for tropical cyclone activity lies northeast of the Philippines and south of Japan. The Gobi Desert is in Mongolia and the Arabian Desert stretches across much of the Middle East. The Yangtze River in China is the longest river in the continent. The Himalayas between Nepal and China is the tallest mountain range in the world. Tropical rainforests stretch across much of southern Asia and coniferous and deciduous forests lie farther north.

text:
Kerala backwaters

Mongolian steppe

South China Karst

Altai Mountains

Hunza Valley

text: Main regions

text:
North Asia (Siberia)
East Asia (Far East)
West Asia (Middle East or Near East)
Central Asia
South Asia (Indian subcontinent)
Southeast Asia (Indochina and East Indies)

text: Climate change

text:
A survey carried out in 2010 by global risk analysis farm Maplecroft identified 16 countries that are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Each nation's vulnerability was calculated using 42 socio, economic and environmental indicators, which identified the likely climate change impacts during the next 30 years. The Asian countries of Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan and Sri Lanka were among the 16 countries facing extreme risk from climate change. Some shifts are already occurring. For example, in tropical parts of India with a semi-arid climate, the temperature increased by 0.4 °C between 1901 and 2003.
A 2013 study by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) aimed to find science-based, pro-poor approaches and techniques that would enable Asia's agricultural systems to cope with climate change, while benefitting poor and vulnerable farmers. The study's recommendations ranged from improving the use of climate information in local planning and strengthening weather-based agro-advisory services, to stimulating diversification of rural household incomes and providing incentives to farmers to adopt natural resource conservation measures to enhance forest cover, replenish groundwater and use renewable energy.[39]

text: Economy

text:
Rank

Country

GDP (PPP, Peak Year)millions of USD

Peak Year

1
 China
25,238,563
2018

2
 India
10,385,432
2018

3
 Japan
5,619,492
2018

4
 Russia
4,168,884
2018

5
 Indonesia
3,492,208
2018

6
 Turkey
2,320,641
2018

7
 South Korea
2,138,242
2018

8
 Saudi Arabia
1,844,751
2018

9
 Iran
1,749,428
2018

10
 Thailand
1,310,573
2018

text:
Rank

Country

GDP (nominal, Peak Year)millions of USD

Peak Year

1
 China
14,092,514
2018

2
 Japan
6,203,213
2012

3
 India
2,848,231
2018

4
 Russia
2,297,125
2013

5
 South Korea
1,693,246
2018

6
 Indonesia
1,074,966
2018

7
 Turkey
950,328
2013

8
 Saudi Arabia
756,350
2014

9
 Taiwan
613,295
2018

10
 Iran
577,214
2011

text: Asia has the second largest nominal GDP of all continents, after Europe, but the largest when measured in purchasing power parity (PPP). As of 2011, the largest economies in Asia are China, Japan, India, South Korea and Indonesia based on GDP in both nominal and PPP.[40] Based on Global Office Locations 2011, Asia dominated the office locations with 4 of the top 5 being in Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Seoul and Shanghai. Around 68 percent of international firms have office in Hong Kong.[41]

text: In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the economies of China[42] and India have been growing rapidly, both with an average annual growth rate of more than 8%. Other recent very-high-growth nations in Asia include Israel, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Cyprus and the Philippines, and mineral-rich nations such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Brunei, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman.

text: According to economic historian Angus Maddison in his book The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, India had the world's largest economy during 0 BCE and 1000 BCE.[43][44] China was the largest and most advanced economy on earth for much of recorded history,[45][46][47][48] until the British Empire (excluding India) overtook it in the mid-19th century. For several decades in the late twentieth century Japan was the largest economy in Asia and second-largest of any single nation in the world, after surpassing the Soviet Union (measured in net material product) in 1986 and Germany in 1968. (NB: A number of supernational economies are larger, such as the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or APEC). This ended in 2010 when China overtook Japan to become the world's second largest economy.

text: In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Japan's GDP was almost as large (current exchange rate method) as that of the rest of Asia combined.[citation needed] In 1995, Japan's economy nearly equaled that of the US as the largest economy in the world for a day, after the Japanese currency reached a record high of 79 yen/US$. Economic growth in Asia since World War II to the 1990s had been concentrated in Japan as well as the four regions of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore located in the Pacific Rim, known as the Asian tigers, which have now all received developed country status, having the highest GDP per capita in Asia.[49]

text: It is forecasted that India will overtake Japan in terms of nominal GDP by 2020.[50] By 2027, according to Goldman Sachs, China will have the largest economy in the world. Several trade blocs exist, with the most developed being the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

text: Asia is the largest continent in the world by a considerable margin, and it is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, forests, fish, water, rice, copper and silver. Manufacturing in Asia has traditionally been strongest in East and Southeast Asia, particularly in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, India, the Philippines, and Singapore. Japan and South Korea continue to dominate in the area of multinational corporations, but increasingly the PRC and India are making significant inroads. Many companies from Europe, North America, South Korea and Japan have operations in Asia's developing countries to take advantage of its abundant supply of cheap labour and relatively developed infrastructure.

text: According to Citigroup 9 of 11 Global Growth Generators countries came from Asia driven by population and income growth. They are Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Mongolia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.[51] Asia has four main financial centers: Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai. Call centers and business process outsourcing (BPOs) are becoming major employers in India and the Philippines due to the availability of a large pool of highly skilled, English-speaking workers. The increased use of outsourcing has assisted the rise of India and the China as financial centers. Due to its large and extremely competitive information technology industry, India has become a major hub for outsourcing.

text:
In 2010, Asia had 3.3 million millionaires (people with net worth over US$1 million excluding their homes), slightly below North America with 3.4 million millionaires. Last year Asia had toppled Europe.[52]
Citigroup in The Wealth Report 2012 stated that Asian centa-millionaire overtook North America's wealth for the first time as the world's "economic center of gravity" continued moving east. At the end of 2011, there were 18,000 Asian people mainly in Southeast Asia, China and Japan who have at least $100 million in disposable assets, while North America with 17,000 people and Western Europe with 14,000 people.[53]

text: Tourism

text: With growing Regional Tourism with domination of Chinese visitors, MasterCard has released Global Destination Cities Index 2013 with 10 of 20 are dominated by Asia and Pacific Region Cities and also for the first time a city of a country from Asia (Bangkok) set in the top-ranked with 15.98 international visitors.[54]

text: Demographics

text: Historical populationsYearPop.±%1500 243,000,000—    1700 436,000,000+79.4%1900 947,000,000+117.2%1950 1,402,000,000+48.0%1999 3,634,000,000+159.2%2016 4,462,676,731+22.8%Source: "UN report 2004 data" (PDF).The figure for 2016 is provided by the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects[2].

text:
East Asia had by far the strongest overall Human Development Index (HDI) improvement of any region in the world, nearly doubling average HDI attainment over the past 40 years, according to the report's analysis of health, education and income data. China, the second highest achiever in the world in terms of HDI improvement since
1970, is the only country on the "Top 10 Movers" list due to income rather than health or education achievements. Its per capita income increased a stunning 21-fold over the last four decades, also lifting hundreds of millions out of income poverty. Yet it was not among the region's top performers in improving school enrollment and life expectancy.[55]
Nepal, a South Asian country, emerges as one of the world's fastest movers since 1970 mainly due to health and education achievements. Its present life expectancy is 25 years longer than in the 1970s. More than four of every five children of school age in Nepal now attend primary school, compared to just one in five 40 years ago.[55]
 Japan and South Korea ranked highest among the countries grouped on the HDI (number 11 and 12 in the world, which are in the "very high human development" category), followed by Hong Kong (21) and Singapore (27). Afghanistan (155) ranked lowest amongst Asian countries out of the 169 countries assessed.[55]

text: Languages

text: Asia is home to several language families and many language isolates. Most Asian countries have more than one language that is natively spoken. For instance, according to Ethnologue, more than 600 languages are spoken in Indonesia, more than 800 languages spoken in India, and more than 100 are spoken in the Philippines. China has many languages and dialects in different provinces.

text: Religions

text: Many of the world's major religions have their origins in Asia, including the five most practiced in the world (excluding irreligion), which are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion (classified as Confucianism and Taoism), and Buddhism respectively. Asian mythology is complex and diverse. The story of the Great Flood for example, as presented to Jews in the Hebrew Bible in the narrative of Noah—and later to Christians in the Old Testament, and to Muslims in the Quran—is earliest found in Mesopotamian mythology, in the Enûma Eliš and Epic of Gilgamesh. Hindu mythology similarly tells about an avatar of Vishnu in the form of a fish who warned Manu of a terrible flood. Ancient Chinese mythology also tells of a Great Flood spanning generations, one that required the combined efforts of emperors and divinities to control.

text: Abrahamic

text: The Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Bahá'í Faith originated in West Asia.

text: Judaism, the oldest of the Abrahamic faiths, is practiced primarily in Israel, the indigenous homeland and historical birthplace of the Hebrew nation: which today consists both of those Israelites who remained in Asia/North Africa and those who returned from diaspora in Europe, North America, and other regions;[56] though various diaspora communities persist worldwide. Jews are the predominant ethnic group in Israel (75.6%) numbering at about 6.1 million,[57] although the levels of adherence to Jewish religion vary. Outside of Israel there are small ancient Jewish communities in Turkey (17,400),[58] Azerbaijan (9,100),[59] Iran (8,756),[60] India (5,000) and Uzbekistan (4,000),[61], among many other places. In total, there are 14.4–17.5 million (2016, est.)[62] Jews alive in the world today, making them one of the smallest Asian minorities, at roughly 0.3 to 0.4 percent of the total population of the continent.

text: Christianity is a widespread religion in Asia with more than 286 million adherents according to Pew Research Center in 2010,[63] and nearly 364 million according to Britannica Book of the Year 2014.[64] Constituting around 12.6% of the total population of Asia. In the Philippines and East Timor, Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion; it was introduced by the Spaniards and the Portuguese, respectively. In Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia and Asian Russia, Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion. In the Middle East, such as in the Levant, Syriac Christianity (Church of the East) and Oriental Orthodoxy are prevalent minority denominations, which are both Eastern Christian sects mainly adhered to Assyrian people or Syriac Christians. Saint Thomas Christians in India trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.[65]

text: Islam, which originated in the Hejaz located in modern-day Saudi Arabia, is the second largest and most widely-spread religion in Asia with at least 1 billion Muslims constituting around 23.8% of the total population of Asia.[66] With 12.7% of the world Muslim population, the country currently with the largest Muslim population in the world is Indonesia, followed by Pakistan (11.5%), India (10%), Bangladesh, Iran and Turkey. Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are the three holiest cities for Islam in all the world. The Hajj and Umrah attract large numbers of Muslim devotees from all over the world to Mecca and Medina. Iran is the largest Shi'a country.

text: The Bahá'í Faith originated in Asia, in Iran (Persia), and spread from there to the Ottoman Empire, Central Asia, India, and Burma during the lifetime of Bahá'u'lláh. Since the middle of the 20th century, growth has particularly occurred in other Asian countries, because Bahá'í activities in many Muslim countries has been severely suppressed by authorities. Lotus Temple is a big Baha'i Temple in India.

text: Indian and East Asian religions

text: Almost all Asian religions have philosophical character and Asian philosophical traditions cover a large spectrum of philosophical thoughts and writings. Indian philosophy includes Hindu philosophy and Buddhist philosophy. They include elements of nonmaterial pursuits, whereas another school of thought from India, Cārvāka, preached the enjoyment of the material world. The religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated in India, South Asia. In East Asia, particularly in China and Japan, Confucianism, Taoism and Zen Buddhism took shape.

text: As of 2012, Hinduism has around 1.1 billion adherents. The faith represents around 25% of Asia's population and is the largest religion in Asia. However, it is mostly concentrated in South Asia. Over 80% of the populations of both India and Nepal adhere to Hinduism, alongside significant communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Bali, Indonesia. Many overseas Indians in countries such as Burma, Singapore and Malaysia also adhere to Hinduism.

text: Buddhism has a great following in mainland Southeast Asia and East Asia. Buddhism is the religion of the majority of the populations of Cambodia (96%),[68] Thailand (95%),[69] Burma (80–89%),[70] Japan (36–96%),[71] Bhutan (75–84%),[72] Sri Lanka (70%),[73] Laos (60–67%)[74] and Mongolia (53–93%).[75] Large Buddhist populations also exist in Singapore (33–51%),[76] Taiwan (35–93%),[77][78][79][80] South Korea (23–50%),[81] Malaysia (19–21%),[82] Nepal (9–11%),[83] Vietnam (10–75%),[84] China (20–50%),[85] North Korea (2–14%),[86][87][88] and small communities in India and Bangladesh. In many Chinese communities, Mahayana Buddhism is easily syncretized with Taoism, thus exact religious statistics is difficult to obtain and may be understated or overstated. The Communist-governed countries of China, Vietnam and North Korea are officially atheist, thus the number of Buddhists and other religious adherents may be under-reported.

text:
Jainism is found mainly in India and in oversea Indian communities such as the United States and Malaysia.
Sikhism is found in Northern India and amongst overseas Indian communities in other parts of Asia, especially Southeast Asia.
Confucianism is found predominantly in Mainland China, South Korea, Taiwan and in overseas Chinese populations.
Taoism is found mainly in Mainland China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. Taoism is easily syncretized with Mahayana Buddhism for many Chinese, thus exact religious statistics is difficult to obtain and may be understated or overstated.

text:
Jews praying at Western Wall, Jerusalem, Israel

Japanese wedding at the Meiji Shrine

Hindu festival celebrated by Singapore's Tamil community

Orthodox cross procession in Novosibirsk

Catholic procession of the Black Nazarene in Manila

Muslim men praying in Turkey

The Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch of the Entrance of the Theotokos in Hama, Syria

The Monastery of St. Matthew, located atop Mount Alfaf in northern Iraq, is recognized as one of the oldest Christian monasteries in existence.

Cathedral of Saint Ephrem in Aleppo, Syria

The Church of São António de Motael, Dili

Maronite Church of Saidet et Tallé in Deir el Qamar, Lebanon

text: Modern conflicts

text: Some of the events pivotal in the Asia territory related to the relationship with the outside world in the post-Second World War were:

text:
The Chinese Civil War
The Kashmir conflict
The Insurgency in Northeast India
The Korean War
The French-Indochina War
The Vietnam War
The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
The Sino-Vietnamese War
The Bangladesh Liberation War
The Yom Kippur War
The Iranian Revolution
The Soviet–Afghan War
The Iran–Iraq War
The Indonesian occupation of East Timor
The Cambodian Killing Fields
The Insurgency in Laos
The Lebanese Civil War
The Sri Lankan Civil War
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Gulf War
The Nepalese Civil War
The Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
The Nagorno-Karabakh War
The War in Afghanistan
The Iraq War
The 2006 Thai coup d'état
The Burmese Civil War
The Saffron Revolution
The Arab Spring
The Arab–Israeli conflict
The Syrian Civil War
The Sino-Indian War
The 2014 Thai coup d'état
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

text: Culture

text: This section needs expansion with: More information about general cultural topics other than Nobel prizes. You can help by adding to it. (June 2011)

text: Nobel prizes

text: The polymath Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali poet, dramatist, and writer from Santiniketan, now in West Bengal, India, became in 1913 the first Asian Nobel laureate. He won his Nobel Prize in Literature for notable impact his prose works and poetic thought had on English, French, and other national literatures of Europe and the Americas. He is also the writer of the national anthems of Bangladesh and India.

text: Other Asian writers who won Nobel Prize for literature include Yasunari Kawabata (Japan, 1968), Kenzaburō Ōe (Japan, 1994), Gao Xingjian (China, 2000), Orhan Pamuk (Turkey, 2006), and Mo Yan (China, 2012). Some may consider the American writer, Pearl S. Buck, an honorary Asian Nobel laureate, having spent considerable time in China as the daughter of missionaries, and based many of her novels, namely The Good Earth (1931) and The Mother (1933), as well as the biographies of her parents of their time in China, The Exile and Fighting Angel, all of which earned her the Literature prize in 1938.

text: Also, Mother Teresa of India and Shirin Ebadi of Iran were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially for the rights of women and children. Ebadi is the first Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize. Another Nobel Peace Prize winner is Aung San Suu Kyi from Burma for her peaceful and non-violent struggle under a military dictatorship in Burma. She is a nonviolent pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Burma (Myanmar) and a noted prisoner of conscience. She is a Buddhist and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China" on 8 October 2010. He is the first Chinese citizen to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China. In 2014, Kailash Satyarthi from India and Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".

text: Sir C. V. Raman is the first Asian to get a Nobel prize in Sciences. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him".

text: Japan has won the most Nobel Prizes of any Asian nation with 24 followed by India which has won 13.

text: Amartya Sen, (born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist who was awarded the 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory, and for his interest in the problems of society's poorest members.

text: Other Asian Nobel Prize winners include Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Abdus Salam, Malala Yousafzai, Robert Aumann, Menachem Begin, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Daniel Kahneman, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Ada Yonath, Yasser Arafat, José Ramos-Horta and Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo of Timor Leste, Kim Dae-jung, and 13 Japanese scientists. Most of the said awardees are from Japan and Israel except for Chandrasekhar and Raman (India), Abdus Salam and Malala yousafzai, (Pakistan), Arafat (Palestinian Territories), Kim (South Korea), and Horta and Belo (Timor Leste).

text: In 2006, Dr. Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the establishment of Grameen Bank, a community development bank that lends money to poor people, especially women in Bangladesh. Dr. Yunus received his PhD in economics from Vanderbilt University, United States. He is internationally known for the concept of micro credit which allows poor and destitute people with little or no collateral to borrow money. The borrowers typically pay back money within the specified period and the incidence of default is very low.

text: The Dalai Lama has received approximately eighty-four awards over his spiritual and political career.[89] On 22 June 2006, he became one of only four people ever to be recognized with Honorary Citizenship by the Governor General of Canada. On 28 May 2005, he received the Christmas Humphreys Award from the Buddhist Society in the United Kingdom. Most notable was the Nobel Peace Prize, presented in Oslo, Norway on 10 December 1989.

text: Political geography

text:
Flag

Name

Population[2](2016)

Area(km²)

Capital

Afghanistan

34,656,032

647,500

Kabul

Armenia

2,924,816

29,743

Yerevan

Azerbaijan[90]

9,725,376

86,600

Baku

Bahrain

1,425,171

760

Manama

Bangladesh

162,951,560

147,570

Dhaka

Bhutan

797,765

38,394

Thimphu

Brunei

423,196

5,765

Bandar Seri Begawan

Cambodia

15,762,370

181,035

Phnom Penh

China (PRC)

1,403,500,365

9,596,961

Beijing

Cyprus

1,170,125

9,251

Nicosia

East Timor

1,268,671

14,874

Dili

Egypt[90]

95,688,681

1,010,408

Cairo

Georgia[90]

3,925,405

69,700

Tbilisi

India

1,324,171,354

3,287,263

New Delhi

Indonesia[90]

261,115,456

1,904,569

Jakarta

Iran

80,277,428

1,648,195

Tehran

Iraq

37,202,572

438,317

Baghdad

Israel

8,191,828

20,770

Jerusalem (disputed)

Japan

127,748,513

377,915

Tokyo

Jordan

9,455,802

89,342

Amman

Kazakhstan[90]

17,987,736

2,724,900

Astana

Kuwait

4,052,584

17,818

Kuwait City

Kyrgyzstan

5,955,734

199,951

Bishkek

Laos

6,758,353

236,800

Vientiane

Lebanon

6,006,668

10,400

Beirut

Malaysia

31,187,265

329,847

Kuala Lumpur

Maldives

427,756

298

Malé

Mongolia

3,027,398

1,564,116

Ulaanbaatar

Myanmar

52,885,223

676,578

Naypyidaw

Nepal

28,982,771

147,181

Kathmandu

North Korea

25,368,620

120,538

Pyongyang

Oman

4,424,762

309,500

Muscat

Pakistan

211,103,000

796,095

Islamabad

Palestine

4,790,705

6,220

Ramallah(Jerusalem) (claimed)

Philippines

103,320,222

343,448

Manila

Qatar

2,569,804

11,586

Doha

Russia[90]

143,964,513

17,098,242

Moscow

Saudi Arabia

32,275,687

2,149,690

Riyadh

Singapore

5,622,455

697

Singapore

South Korea

50,791,919

100,210

Seoul

Sri Lanka

20,798,492

65,610

Colombo

Syria

18,430,453

185,180

Damascus

Taiwan (ROC)

23,556,706

36,193

Taipei

Tajikistan

8,734,951

143,100

Dushanbe

Thailand

68,863,514

513,120

Bangkok

Turkey[91]

79,512,426

783,562

Ankara

Turkmenistan

5,662,544

488,100

Ashgabat

United Arab Emirates

9,269,612

83,600

Abu Dhabi

Uzbekistan

31,446,795

447,400

Tashkent

Vietnam

94,569,072

331,212

Hanoi

Yemen

27,584,213

527,968

Sana'a

text: Within the above-mentioned states are several partially recognized countries with limited to no international recognition. None of them are members of the UN:

text:
Flag

Name

Population

Area(km²)

Capital

Abkhazia

242,862

8,660

Sukhumi

Artsakh

146,573

11,458

Stepanakert

Northern Cyprus

285,356

3,355

Nicosia

South Ossetia

51,547

3,900

Tskhinvali


document_title: Orange River

question_text: where does the vaal and orange river meet

root

text: Orange River

text: Course[edit]

text: The Orange rises in the Drakensberg mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 193 km (120 mi) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m. The extremity of the Orange River inside Lesotho is known as the Senqu. Parts of the Senqu River freeze in winter because of the high altitude there. This creates droughts downstream of it which mainly affect goat and cattle production.

tag: p

text: The Orande River then runs westward through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section the river flows first into the Gariep Dam (the largest in the country), and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Van der Kloof Dam the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.

text: At the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which itself forms much of the northern border of the province. From here the river flows further westward through the arid wilderness of the southern Kalahari region and Namaqualand in the Northern Cape Province to meet with Namibia at the 20th degree of east longitude. From here it flows westward for 550 km,[6] forming the international border between the province and Namibia's ǁKaras Region. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia.

text: In the last 800 km (500 mi) of its course the Orange receives many intermittent streams and several large wadis lead into it. In this section, the Namib Desert terminates on the north bank of the river, so under normal circumstances the volume of water added by these tributaries is negligible. Here the bed of the river is once again deeply incised. The Augrabies Falls are located on this section of the Orange, where the river descends 122 m (400 ft) in a course of 26 km (16 mi).

text: The Orange empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Alexander Bay, which lies about equidistant between Cape Town and Walvis Bay. Some 33 km (21 mi) from its mouth it is completely obstructed by rapids and sand bars and is generally not navigable for long stretches.

text: The river has a total length of 2,200 km (1,400 mi).

text: Catchment and rainfall[edit]

text: In the dry winter months the volume of the water in the river is considerably reduced because of the rapid run-off and evaporation. At the source of the Orange the rainfall is approximately 2,000 mm per annum but precipitation decreases as the river flows westward; at its mouth the rainfall is less than 50 mm per annum. The factors that support evaporation, on the other hand, tend to increase in a westerly direction. However, in the wet season (summer) the Orange river becomes an impetuous, brown torrent. The huge mass of sediment carried constitutes a long-term threat to all engineering projects on the river.[7]

text: The total catchment of the Orange River (including the Vaal) extends over 973,000 km², i.e. equivalent to about 77% of the land area of South Africa (1,268,5358 km²). Approximately 366,000 km² (38%), however, is situated outside the country in Lesotho, Botswana and Namibia.

text: History[edit]

text: Name of the river[edit]

text: The earliest pre-colonial inhabitants called the river Gariep'.[6] An early Dutch name for the river was Groote Rivier meaning "Great River." [8] The river was named the Orange River by Colonel Robert Gordon, commander of the Dutch East India Company garrison at Cape Town, on a trip to the interior in 1779.[6] Gordon named the river in honor of William V of Orange.[6] A popular but incorrect belief is that the river was named after the supposedly orange color of its water, as opposed to the color its tributary, the Vaal River ('vaal' being Afrikaans for pale or grey).[citation needed] Since the end of apartheid, the name "Gariep" has had greater favour in official correspondence in South Africa, although the name "Orange" has greater international recognition.[6] In Lesotho, where the river rises, it is known as the Senqu River.

text: Renaming the river[edit]

text: The Eastern Cape Geographical Names Committee has advertised its intention to consider a name change for that portion of the river that forms the border between the Eastern Cape and the Free State, with suggestions being IGqili or Senqu.[9][10] The advertisement placed in the Aliwal Weekblad newspaper states that the "present name is perceived to have a strong association with the history of colonial subjugation and has therefore no place under the current democratic dispensation."[10]

text: Economy[edit]

text: As the collection point for the majority of South Africa's water, the Orange River plays a major role in supporting agriculture, industry and mining. To assist in this, two large water schemes have been created, the Orange River Project and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Historically, the river played an important role in the South African diamond rush, with the first diamonds in the country being discovered in alluvial deposits on the Orange. Today, several commercial diamond mines operate along the final stretch of the Orange River and around its mouth. Finally, because of the lack of dangerous animals and high water levels during summer, the river is used for recreational canoeing and rafting. Orange River Rafting has become very popular with many companies using their camps along the river to operate from. The most popular trips are a 4-day and a 6-day river trips that take place either along the gorge below the Augrabies Falls or along the Richtersveld area.

text: Orange River Project[edit]

text: The Orange River Project (ORP) was one of the largest and most imaginative projects of its kind in South Africa. It was constructed by Hendrik Verwoerd's government at the height of the apartheid era. The ORP was built to utilise the unused water of the Orange River — which, without the Vaal River, represents some 14.1% of the total runoff in South Africa — and in the process, to satisfy an increasing demand for water. The main objectives of the project were:

text:
to stabilise river flow,
the generation and transmission of hydro-electric power,
to provide a reliable water supply for users in the Orange river basin, and
to give a new lease of life to water-deficient areas in the Eastern Cape such as the Great Fish and Sundays River valleys.

tag: ul

text: The Gariep Dam near Colesberg, named the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam when built, is the main storage structure within the Orange River. From here the water is supplied in two directions: westward along the Orange River (via hydro-electric power generators) to the Vanderkloof Dam which was previously named the PK le Roux Dam, and southward through the Orange-Fish Tunnel to the Eastern Cape.

text: Hydro-electricity[edit]

text: Eskom operates hydro-electric power-stations at both the Gariep Dam and the Vanderkloof Dam. The hydro-electric power station at the Vanderkloof Dam was the first power-generation station in South Africa situated entirely underground. The towns Oviston and Oranjekrag were established to facilitate the construction and operation of the new infrastructure.

text: Irrigation[edit]

text: Irrigation in the vast area downstream of the Vanderkloof Dam, which has turned thousands of hectares of arid veld into highly productive agricultural land, was made possible by the construction of the Gariep Dam and the Vanderkloof Dam. Old, established irrigation schemes such as those at Buchuberg, Upington, Kakamas and Vioolsdrif have also benefitted because regulation of the flow is now possible. On the Namibian side of the river, Aussenkehr produces grapes with the help of water from the Orange.

text: In recent years the wine producing areas along the Orange River have grown in importance. Irrigation in the Eastern Cape has also received a tremendous boost, not only from the additional water that is being made available but also owing to improvement in water quality. Without this improvement the citrus farmers along the Lower Sundays River would almost certainly have continued to suffer losses of productivity.

text: Lesotho Highlands Water Project[edit]

text: The Lesotho Highlands Water Project was conceived to supplement the water supply in the Vaal River System. Water is delivered to South Africa by means of the Delivery Tunnel which passes under the Lesotho South Africa border at the Caledon River and then under the Little Caledon River south of Clarens in the Free State and discharges into the Ash River about 30 km further to the north. The scheme became viable when water demands in Gauteng reached levels that could no longer be supported economically by alternative schemes such as the Tugela River-Vaal River pumped storage scheme, which utilized the Sterkfontein Dam, located near Harrismith in the Free State.

text: Alluvial diamonds[edit]

text: In 1867, the first diamond discovered in South Africa, the Eureka Diamond, was found near Hopetown on the Orange River. Two years later, a much larger diamond known as the Star of South Africa was found in the same area, causing a diamond rush. This was soon eclipsed by the diamond rush to mine diamonds directly from kimberlite at Kimberley in 1871, although alluvial diamonds continued to be found in the Orange. Today, several commercial diamond mines operate on the last stretch of the river, as well as the beaches around its mouth. Diamond mines also operate on the middle stretch of the river.

text: Rafting and canoeing[edit]

text: During the temperate months of March and April, given good rains and the sluices of the dams being open a canoeist (or rafter) can easily travel 30 km per day. The lower reaches of the river are most popular, because of the spectacular topography. Commercial tours are available and these expeditions depart from the border town of Vioolsdrif.

text: Wildlife[edit]

text: Fish species[edit]

text: The Orange River has a relative paucity of species diversity. A 2011 survey of 13,762 fish found only 16 species of fish present.[11] Three of these, the common carp, the Mozambique tilapia and the western mosquitofish are non-indigenous.[11] Another exotic species, rainbow trout, is found in the river headwaters in Lesotho.

text: Seven species are endemic to the Vaal-Orange River system:[11]

text:
Rock-catfish (Austroglanis sclateri)
Maloti minnow (Pseudobarbus quathalambe)
Namaqua barb (Barbus hospes)
River sardine (Mesobola brevianalis)
Smallmouth yellowfish (Labeobarbus aeneus)
Largemouth yellowfish (Labeobarbus kimberlyensis)
Orange River Mudfish (Labeo capensis)

text: Larger animals[edit]

text: The Orange River has no large animals. It lies outside the range of the Nile crocodile, and although hippopotami were once abundant, they were hunted to extermination in the 1800s.[12]

text: Literature[edit]

text: Thomas Kruchem: Orange~Senqu. Artery of Life. Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Eschborn, Germany 2012, ISBN 978-3-86099-884-7.


document_title: My Sister's Keeper (film)

question_text: who dies in my sister's keeper movie

question_tokens: who dies in my sister 's keeper movie

text: My Sister's Keeper (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Kate Fitzgerald (Sofia Vassilieva) has acute promyelocytic leukemia. Conceived by in vitro fertilization, her younger sister Anna (Abigail Breslin) was brought into the world as a savior sister. She is a genetic match to her older sister and can donate compatible organs, blood, and tissue to help her. When Kate turns 15, she goes into renal failure and 11-year old Anna knows that she will be forced by her parents to donate one of her kidneys. She also realizes that she may not be able to live the life she wants to lead – she will not be able play sports, drink alcohol, or be a mother in the future. Anna tells her parents that she does not want to be a donor and sues them for medical emancipation and the rights to her own body. Her father Brian (Jason Patric) understands her, though her domineering mother, Sara (Cameron Diaz), who leads an obsessive campaign to keep Kate alive, is indignant at her decision. Attorney Campbell Alexander (Alec Baldwin) agrees to work for Anna as her guardian ad litem, suing for partial termination of parental rights. He has agreed to take the case because he has epilepsy, and is sympathetic to her predicament.

text: The film is interlaced with flashbacks that detail Kate and Anna's close relationship, as well as how Kate's illness has affected her siblings, including their brother, Jesse. In a flashback, Kate meets a fellow cancer patient, Taylor Ambrose (Thomas Dekker), whom she begins dating. He asks her to the hospital's prom for teen patients; there, they slow-dance, then have sex. A few days later, Kate begins to worry as she has not seen Taylor since the dance. She learns that Taylor has died and attempts suicide by overdosing on painkillers, but Anna stops her. Kate expresses hope that after she dies, she will see Taylor.

text: Kate makes a request to go to the beach one last time. Brian obtains permission and discharges her from the hospital for the day. Sara overreacts and demands that Kate be returned to the hospital immediately. Brian angrily refuses and threatens Sara with a divorce if she does not join them. Sara shows up at the beach, where they enjoy one final family outing.

text: During the hearing, Jesse reveals that Anna is actually acting under Kate's instruction; Kate, not wanting to live any longer, had persuaded Anna to refuse to donate her kidney. Anna had wanted to give Kate her kidney and had been upset at Kate's decision. Sara is finally forced to acknowledge what Kate has been trying to tell her all this time: she is ready to die. Later that day, Kate dies sleeping, with her mother by her side. After her death, Campbell states that Anna has won the case. The family moves on with their lives. Sara, who gave up practicing law to look after Kate, returns to work, Brian retires from firefighting and counsels troubled youths, and Jesse receives an arts scholarship in New York. Anna reveals that every year on Kate's birthday they go to Montana, which was her "most favorite place in the world". She concludes that she was not born merely to save her sister, she was born because she had a sister, and that their relationship continues even in death.

text: Production and cast changes[edit]

text: Upon the original creation of the film adaptation, sisters Dakota Fanning and Elle Fanning were cast to play Kate and Anna respectively. However, when Dakota heard that she would be required to shave her head for the role, she dropped out of the film as then did Elle. The two sisters were replaced, with Abigail Breslin taking on the lead role as Anna Fitzgerald and Sofia Vassilieva on the role of Kate Fitzgerald.[3]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Abigail Breslin as Anna Fitzgerald, Kate and Jesse's eleven-year-old younger sister.
Cameron Diaz as Sara Fitzgerald, Kate, Anna and Jesse's overprotective mother, and Brian's domineering wife.
Sofia Vassilieva as Kate Fitzgerald, a teenage girl who has acute Leukemia. She is reason her younger sister, Anna, was engineered.

Olivia Hancock And Alexandra Casteele as Young Kate Fitzgerald

Jason Patric as Brian Fitzgerald, Kate, Jesse and Anna's father, Sara's husband.
Chris Kinkade as Dr. Nguyen
David Thornton as Dr. Chance
Evan Ellingson as Jesse Fitzgerald, younger brother of Kate, who is dyslexic.

Brennan Bailey as Young Jesse Fitzgerald
Paul Christopher Butler as Three-year-old Jesse

Alec Baldwin as Campbell Alexander
E.G. Daily as Nurse Susan
Lin Shaye as Nurse Adele
Joan Cusack as Judge De Salvo
Heather Wahlquist as 'Aunt Kelly, Sara's sister and Kate, Jesse and Anna's maternal aunt.
Thomas Dekker as Taylor Ambrose, Kate's boyfriend/lover who eventually dies from his illness.
Emily Deschanel as Dr. Farquad

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 47% of reviews for the film were positive, based on 126 reviews.[4] Another aggregate review site Metacritic reported 51% positive reviews based on 28 reviews.[5]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In its opening weekend it placed 5th with a total of $12,442,212, behind Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, The Proposal (second weekend), The Hangover (fourth weekend), and Up (fifth weekend).[6] The film left theatres on October 8, 2009 with a domestic total of $49,200,230 with a further $46,459,927 from foreign markets. It has grossed $95,660,157 worldwide.[2]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Teen Choice Award
Choice Summer Movie Drama
My Sister's Keeper
Won[7]

2009
ALMA Awards
Outstanding Actress in Motion Picture
Cameron Diaz
Won

2010
Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actress
Abigail Breslin
Won

Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Actor
Brennan Bailey
Nominated

Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Actress
Sofia Vassilieva
Won

tag: table

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Trailer:

text: Vega4 – "Life Is Beautiful"

text: TV spot:

text:
James Blunt – "Carry You Home"
Plain White T's – "1, 2, 3, 4"
Tyrone Wells – "More"

text: Movie:

text:
Don Ho – "Tiny Bubbles"
E.G. Daily – "Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries"
Priscilla Ahn – "Find My Way Back Home"
Jimmy Scott – "Heaven"
Regina Spektor – "Better"
Jonah Johnson – "With You"
Greg Laswell – "Girls Just Want to Have Fun"
Pete Yorn – "Don't Wanna Cry"
Phil Xenidis – "Kill Me"
Jeff Buckley – "We All Fall in Love Sometimes"
Edwina Hayes – "Feels Like Home"
Hana Pestle – "These Two Hands"


document_title: Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film)

question_text: who played 50 cent as a kid in get rich or die tryin

text: Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: After Marcus and his friends rob a Colombian safe house, Marcus is shot nine times. As the unidentified shooter points the gun to Marcus' head and pulls the trigger, the film flashes back to his childhood.

text: Marcus is a quiet young boy who adores his loving mother, and the two live a relatively comfortable life on her drug-dealing income. She often has to leave him with his grandparents while she conducts business. She is murdered in an apparent drug deal gone wrong.

text: Forced to live with his grandparents full-time, they themselves also having children to look after, Marcus finds his life less appealing as his grandfather works long hours to support the family. As he grows older, he rejects the idea of legal work and decides to deal drugs, buying new clothing and a gun. Eventually he abandons high school to sell drugs for local kingpin Levar and his underling, Majestic, full-time. Majestic, however, plans to become a major drug lord himself, often conspiring with a Rap artist he manages named Dangerous.

text: Years later, after Marcus reunites with his childhood sweetheart Charlene, 1 of his friends is shot and paralyzed at a club by a Colombian named Raul; the gunman initially aimed for Marcus. In retaliation, Marcus attacks Raul but is unable to bring himself to kill Raul when he calls out to his father.

text: When Raul refuses to identify Marcus as the shooter in a police line up, he is free to go. After an anonymous tip off, cops raid his house and find a gun and drugs, which didn't belong to Marcus. Marcus is jailed, and during his time in prison, he befriends an inmate named Bama.

text: After encouragement from Bama, Marcus leaves the drug trade behind to pursue and fulfill his lifelong dream of being a rapper, calling himself Young Caesar. Bama joins as his manager and producer. Bama gets out of prison before Marcus but promises he will see him again.

text: When Marcus leaves prison, Bama, Justice, Majestic, and June Bug are waiting for him. Majestic invites Marcus to become his right-hand man (taking June Bug's place), but Marcus tells him of his aspirations to being a rapper, which Majestic laughs off. Marcus leaves with Bama, taking Justice with him.

text: Justice and Bama initially have a clash of personalities, but Marcus calms them after a roadside stop. Unconvinced of Marcus' dream, Justice informs Majestic of his activities. As Marcus more seriously pursues music, Majestic tries everything in his power to sabotage his success, threatening record label employees, DJs, and more. Marcus refuses to stop and taunts Majestic and Dangerous in songs.

text: Despite Marcus' insistence at avoiding crime, Bama convinces him to carry out one last robbery on a Columbian safe house. While this happens, Majestic targets Marcus for death. After Marcus and his crew complete the robbery, the film returns to the 1st scene. It is then revealed that Marcus is shot outside of his family's home by Justice. Marcus rethinks his life, prioritizing his young child. After a long and painful recovery, he records music again.

text: Angered with Justice's failure, Majestic kills him. Shortly after, Marcus meets with Levar, who remorsefully reveals that he is Marcus' biological father and regrets not being there for him and his mother.

text: Marcus prepares to go on stage. In the moments before the show, he angers Majestic, who reveals he killed Marcus' mother years earlier. A fight ensues, and Marcus wins. Majestic begs for Marcus to kill him, but Marcus doesn't. As Marcus is about to walk out on stage, Majestic tries to stab him. However, Bama shoots and wounds him. Marcus leaves Majestic in the hands of his cronies, and as he walks out towards the crowd, he stops as he hears a gunshot in the room behind him. There, Bama fires more shots into Majestic's corpse.

text: Marcus steps onto the stage and performs "Hustler's Ambition".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson as Marcus "Young Caesar" Greer

Marc John Jefferies as Young Marcus Greer

Terrence Howard as Bama
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Majestic
Joy Bryant as Charlene
Omar Benson Miller as Kyrl
Tory Kittles as Justice
Ashley Walters as Antoine
Viola Davis as Grandma
Sullivan Walker as Grandpa
Serena Reeder as Katrina
Bill Duke as Levar
Mpho Koaho as Junebug
Russell Hornsby as Odell
Joseph Pierre as Uncle Deuce
Ryan Allen as Uncle Roy
Ben Walsh as 15 Euro
Mykelti Williamson as Charlene's step-father (uncredited)

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack was released on November 8, 2005. In December 2005, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album platinum.[3] The album has so far sold over 3 million copies worldwide.

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Samuel L. Jackson publicly turned down an offer to co-star in the film, citing that he did not want to lend credence to what he believed was an inexperienced and unproven actor.[4] Film critic Roger Ebert wrote of Jackson's decision: "...Jackson is arguing against the anti-intellectual message that success for young black males is better sought in the worlds of rap and sports than in the classroom".[5] Jackson and 50 Cent later co-starred in the 2006 film Home of the Brave.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Get Rich or Die Tryin holds a 16% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes based upon 117 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "While it may be based upon 50 Cent's own life experiences, Get Rich Or Die Tryin' is too similar to many other rags-to-riches stories to resonate."[6] Radio Times criticized the film, saying that "as a vehicle for hip-hop superstar Curtis '50 Cent' Jackson, this [film] runs out of gas a fair few kilometres short", giving it a "could be worse" rating of 2/5 stars.[2] CinePassion stated that "[Jim] Sheridan's surface vividness is applied around a vacuum."[7]

text: FilmFocus said that the film's "real danger is that it sets a precedent for the director; if the price is right he's on board."[8] The BBC was not entirely impressed with the film, saying that "while it boasts a first-class director and is loosely based on the singer's own life-story, the results leave you feeling a little short-changed."[9]

text: Jonathan Ross gave a positive review, calling Get Rich or Die Tryin' "gripping" and suggesting that it had "excellent performances".[10] Roger Ebert also praised the film, giving the film a 3 out of 4 rating and saying that it was "a film with a rich and convincing texture, a drama with power and anger".[11]

text: Get Rich or Die Tryin' grossed $12,020,807 in its opening weekend. Altogether, the film grossed $46,442,528 in total worldwide.[1]


document_title: List of NFL players by games played

question_text: who has been playing the longest in the nfl

text: List of NFL players by games played

text: All-time most appearances (minimum 200 games played)[edit]

text: Regular season only: [1] (includes AAFC and AFL games)

text:
Positions played

C
Center
G
Guard
NT
Nose Tackle
QB
Quarterback

CB
Cornerback
K
Placekicker
OL
0Off. Lineman0
RB
Running Back

DE
Defensive End
KR
0Kick Returner0
OT
Off. Tackle
S
Safety

DT
0Defensive Tackle0
LB
Linebacker
P
Punter
TE
Tight End

FB
Fullback
LS
Long Snapper
PR
0Punt Returner0
WR
Wide Receiver

text: If more than one position is listed for a player, the BOLD listing is his primary position. This list is sorted by 1) games played, 2) first year played, 3) last year played and 4) surname.

text:
Bold denotes an active player

Most games for that position^

Elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame*

text:
Regular Season Games Played

Rank
Name
Position
Period
Games
Updated Through

1
Andersen, MortenMorten Andersen*
K ^
1982–2007
382

2
Anderson, GaryGary Anderson
K
1982–2004
353

3
Feagles, JeffJeff Feagles
P ^
1988–2009
352

4
Blanda, GeorgeGeorge Blanda*
K, QB
1949–1975
340

5
Vinatieri, AdamAdam Vinatieri
K
1996–present
337
2017

6
Hanson, JasonJason Hanson
K
1992–2012
327

7
Rice, JerryJerry Rice*
WR ^
1985–2004
303

8
Carney, JohnJohn Carney
K
1988–2010
302

Favre, BrettBrett Favre*
QB ^
1991–2010

10
Kasay, JohnJohn Kasay
K
1991–2011
301

11
Stover, MattMatt Stover
K
1991–2009
297

12
Matthews, BruceBruce Matthews*
OL ^
1983–2001
296

13
Green, DarrellDarrell Green*
CB ^
1983–2002
295

Dawson, PhilPhil Dawson
K
1999–present
2017

15
Lechler, ShaneShane Lechler
P
2000–present
286
2017

16
Landeta, SeanSean Landeta
P
1985–2005
284

17
Marshall, JimJim Marshall
DE ^
1960–1979
282

18
Junkin, TreyTrey Junkin
LS ^ TE, LB
1983–2002
281

19
Smith, BruceBruce Smith*
DE
1985–2003
279

20
Matthews, ClayClay Matthews
LB ^
1978–1996
278

21
Johnson, NormNorm Johnson
K
1982–1999
273

22
Gonzalez, TonyTony Gonzalez
TE ^
1997–2013
270

23
Groza, LouLou Groza*
K, OT
1946–1967
268

Seau, JuniorJunior Seau*
LB
1990–2009

Janikowski, SebastianSebastian Janikowski
K
2000–present
2017 season

26
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning
QB
1998–2015
266

27
Stenerud, JanJan Stenerud*
K
1967–1985
263

Brown, LomasLomas Brown
OT ^
1985–2002

Elam, JasonJason Elam
K
1993–2009

30
Brown, RayRay Brown
G ^
1986–2005
262

31
Lowery, NickNick Lowery
K
1978–1996
260

32
Slater, JackieJackie Slater*
OT
1976–1995
259

Johnson, LeeLee Johnson
P
1985–2002

34
Binn, DavidDavid Binn
LS
1994–2010
256

Fletcher, LondonLondon Fletcher
LB
1998–2013

36
Morrall, EarlEarl Morrall
QB
1956–1976
255

Fryar, IrvingIrving Fryar
WR
1984–2000

Brown, TimTim Brown*
WR
1988–2004

39
Woodson, CharlesCharles Woodson
S ^
1998–2015
254

40
Brady, TomTom Brady
QB
2000–present
253
2017

41
Kenn, MikeMike Kenn
OT
1978–1994
251

42
Leahy, PatPat Leahy
K
1974–1991
250

Murray, EddieEddie Murray
K
1980–2000

Robinson, EugeneEugene Robinson
S
1985–2000

Peppers, JuliusJulius Peppers
DE, LB
2002–present
2017

46
Brees, DrewDrew Brees
QB
2001–present
249
2017

47
Del Greco, AlAl Del Greco
K
1984–2000
248

48
Tarkenton, FranFran Tarkenton*
QB
1961–1978
246

Van Note, JeffJeff Van Note
C ^
1969–1986

Bush, BlairBlair Bush
C ^
1978–1994

51
Webster, MikeMike Webster*
C
1974–1990
245

Mannelly, PatrickPatrick Mannelly
LS
1998–2013

53
Donaldson, RayRay Donaldson
C
1980–1996
244

Proehl, RickyRicky Proehl
WR
1990–2006

Gardocki, ChrisChris Gardocki
P
1991–2006

Turk, MattMatt Turk
P
1995–2011

57
Romanowski, BillBill Romanowski
LB
1988–2003
243

58
Marino, DanDan Marino*
QB
1983–1999
242

59
White, EdEd White
G
1969–1985
241

Hentrich, CraigCraig Hentrich
P
1994–2009

Mawae, KevinKevin Mawae
C
1994–2009

Barber, RondeRonde Barber
CB
1997–2012

63
McDole, RonRon McDole
DE
1961–1978
240

Tingelhoff, MickMick Tingelhoff*
C
1962–1978

Longwell, RyanRyan Longwell
K
1997–2012

66
Joiner, CharlieCharlie Joiner*
WR
1969–1986
239

Fontenot, JerryJerry Fontenot
C
1989–2004

Mohr, ChrisChris Mohr
P
1989–2004

Neal, LorenzoLorenzo Neal
FB ^
1993–2008

Witten, JasonJason Witten
TE
2003–present
2017

71
Roby, ReggieReggie Roby
P
1983–1998
238

Woodson, RodRod Woodson*
CB, KR, PR, S
1987–2003

Barker, BryanBryan Barker
P
1990–2005

Maynard, BradBrad Maynard
P
1997–2011

75
Akers, DavidDavid Akers
K
1998–2013
237

76
Simmons, ClydeClyde Simmons
DE
1986–2000
236

Washington, TedTed Washington
NT ^
1991–2007

Albright, EthanEthan Albright
LS, C
1995–2010

79
Bahr, MattMatt Bahr
K
1979–1995
235

Metzelaars, PetePete Metzelaars
TE
1982–1997

Mare, OlindoOlindo Mare
K
1997–2012

Leach, MikeMike Leach
LS
2000–2015

83
Bakken, JimJim Bakken
K
1962–1978
234

Brock, StanStan Brock
OT
1980–1995

Elway, JohnJohn Elway*
QB
1983–1998

Reed, AndreAndre Reed*
WR
1985–2000

Carter, CrisCris Carter*
WR
1987–2002

Gammon, KendallKendall Gammon
LS
1992–2006

Richardson, TonyTony Richardson
FB
1995–2010

Milloy, LawyerLawyer Milloy
S
1996–2010

91
Lofton, JamesJames Lofton*
WR
1978–1993
233

Stark, RohnRohn Stark
P
1982–1997

Testaverde, VinnyVinny Testaverde
QB
1987–2007

Taylor, JasonJason Taylor*
DE, LB
1997–2011

95
Doleman, ChrisChris Doleman*
DE
1985–1999
232

White, ReggieReggie White*
DE
1985–2000

97
Winters, FrankFrank Winters
C
1987–2002
231

98
Farrior, JamesJames Farrior
LB
1997–2011
230

Mason, DerrickDerrick Mason
WR
1997–2011

100
Christie, SteveSteve Christie
K
1990–2004
229

Traylor, KeithKeith Traylor
NT
1991–2007

102
Turner, JimJim Turner
K
1964–1979
228

Ellard, HenryHenry Ellard
WR
1983–1998

Sweeney, JimJim Sweeney
C
1984–1999

Greene, KevinKevin Greene*
LB
1985–1999

Lewis, RayRay Lewis*
LB
1996–2012

107
Jackson, RickeyRickey Jackson*
LB
1981–1995
227

Jeffcoat, JimJim Jeffcoat
DE
1983–1997

McKenzie, RaleighRaleigh McKenzie
OL
1985–2000

Wiegmann, CaseyCasey Wiegmann
C
1997–2011

111
Krause, PaulPaul Krause*
S
1964–1979
226

Smith, EmmittEmmitt Smith*
RB ^
1990–2004

113
Eller, CarlCarl Eller*
DE
1964–1979
225

Lewis, AlbertAlbert Lewis
CB
1983–1998

Nickerson, HardyHardy Nickerson
LB
1987–2002

Brooking, KeithKeith Brooking
LB
1998–2012

117
Hadl, JohnJohn Hadl
QB
1962–1977
224

Jones, Ed "Too Tall"Ed "Too Tall" Jones
DE
1974–1989

Hairston, CarlCarl Hairston
DE, DT
1976–1990

Monk, ArtArt Monk*
WR
1980–1995

Royals, MarkMark Royals
P
1987–2003

Stryzinski, DanDan Stryzinski
P
1990–2003

Shields, WillWill Shields*
G
1993–2006

Lynch, JohnJohn Lynch
S
1993–2007

Brooks, DerrickDerrick Brooks*
LB
1995–2008

Carter, KevinKevin Carter
DE
1995–2008

Dawkins, BrianBrian Dawkins*
S
1996–2011

128
Montoya, MaxMax Montoya
G
1979–1994
223

Mitchell, BrianBrian Mitchell
KR^, PR
1990–2003

Bruce, IsaacIsaac Bruce
WR
1994–2009

131
Allen, MarcusMarcus Allen*
RB
1982–1997
222

McDaniel, RandallRandall McDaniel*
G
1988–2001

Bryant, MattMatt Bryant
K
2002–present
2017

134
Smith, JustinJustin Smith
DE
2001–2014
221

Newman, TerenceTerence Newman
CB
2003–present
2017

136
Tupa, TomTom Tupa
P, QB
1988–2004
220

Moore, DaveDave Moore
TE, LS
1992–2006

Whitfield, BobBob Whitfield
OT
1992–2006

Gates, AntonioAntonio Gates
TE
2003–present
2017

140
Randle, JohnJohn Randle*
DT ^
1990–2003
219

Zgonina, JeffJeff Zgonina
DT ^
1993–2009

Gandy, WayneWayne Gandy
OT
1994–2008

Owens, TerrellTerrell Owens*
WR
1996–2010

Spikes, TakeoTakeo Spikes
LB
1998–2012

Raiola, DominicDominic Raiola
C
2001–2014

Smith, Sr., SteveSteve Smith, Sr.
WR
2001–2016

147
Jurgensen, SonnySonny Jurgensen*
QB
1957–1974
218

Page, AlanAlan Page*
DT
1967–1981

Ritcher, JimJim Ritcher
OL
1980–1995

Nash, JoeJoe Nash
NT, DT
1982–1996

Turk, DanDan Turk
LS
1985–1999

Moss, RandyRandy Moss*
WR
1998–2012

Freeney, DwightDwight Freeney
DE
2002–present
2017

Fitzgerald, LarryLarry Fitzgerald
WR
2004–present
2017

155
Wilson, JerrelJerrel Wilson
P
1963–1978
217

Upshaw, GeneGene Upshaw*
G
1967–1981

Morriss, GuyGuy Morriss
OL
1973–1987

Bates, BillBill Bates
S
1983–1997

Allen, EricEric Allen
CB
1988–2001

Ward, HinesHines Ward
WR
1998–2011

Lee, AndyAndy Lee
P
2004–present
2017

162
Butz, DaveDave Butz
DT
1973–1988
216

Brown, DaveDave Brown
CB
1975–1989

Talley, DarrylDarryl Talley
LB
1983–1996

Stone, DwightDwight Stone
KR, WR
1987–2000

Strahan, MichaelMichael Strahan*
DE
1993–2007

Manning, EliEli Manning
QB
2004–present
2017

168
Hendricks, TedTed Hendricks*
LB
1969–1983
215

Coleman, MonteMonte Coleman
LB
1979–1994

Kidd, JohnJohn Kidd
P
1984–1998

Bailey, ChampChamp Bailey
CB
1999–2013

172
Crockett, RayRay Crockett
CB
1989–2002
214

Holliday, VonnieVonnie Holliday
DE
1998–2012

Jones , DonnieDonnie Jones
P
2004–present
2017

175
Johnson, JimmyJimmy Johnson*
CB
1961–1976
213

Fischer, PatPat Fischer
CB
1961–1977

Moseley, MarkMark Moseley
K
1970–1986

McMichael, SteveSteve McMichael
DT
1980–1994

Krieg, DaveDave Krieg
QB
1980–1998

Gogan, KevinKevin Gogan
G
1987–2000

Thomas, HenryHenry Thomas
DT
1987–2000

Steussie, ToddTodd Steussie
OL
1994–2007

Suggs, TerrellTerrell Suggs
LB
2003–present
2017

184
Gossett, JeffJeff Gossett
P
1981–1996
212

Holman, RodneyRodney Holman
TE
1982–1995

Hansen, BrianBrian Hansen
P
1984–1999

Armstrong, BruceBruce Armstrong
OT
1987–2000

Phifer, RomanRoman Phifer
LB
1991–2005

McGinest, WillieWillie McGinest
LB
1994–2008

Lindell, RianRian Lindell
K
2000–2013

Dansby, KarlosKarlos Dansby
LB
2004–present
2017

192
Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas*
QB
1956–1973
211

Dawson, LenLen Dawson*
QB
1957–1975

Hill, DrewDrew Hill
WR
1979–1993

Byner, EarnestEarnest Byner
RB
1984–1997

West, EdEd West
TE
1984–1997

Dellenbach, JeffJeff Dellenbach
C
1985–1999

Armstrong, TraceTrace Armstrong
DE
1989–2003

Williams, AeneasAeneas Williams*
CB, S
1991–2004

Saturday, JeffJeff Saturday
C
1999–2012

Feely, JayJay Feely
K
2001–2014

Wayne, ReggieReggie Wayne
WR
2001–2014

Muhlbach, DonDon Muhlbach
LS
2003–present
2017

204
Otto, JimJim Otto*
C
1960–1974
210

Cox, FredFred Cox
K
1963–1977

Smith, JackieJackie Smith*
TE
1963–1978

Bethea, ElvinElvin Bethea*
DE
1968–1983

Bahr, ChrisChris Bahr
K
1976–1989

Birk, MattMatt Birk
C
1998–2012

210
White, RandyRandy White*
DT
1975–1988
209

Tuggle, JessieJessie Tuggle
LB
1987–2000

Buckley, TerrellTerrell Buckley
CB
1992–2005

McCardell, KeenanKeenan McCardell
WR
1992–2007

Hasselbeck, MattMatt Hasselbeck
QB
1999–2015

Meester, BradBrad Meester
C
2000–2013

216
Rohde, LenLen Rohde
OT
1960–1974
208

Olsen, MerlinMerlin Olsen*
DT
1962–1976

Jackson, HaroldHarold Jackson
WR
1968–1983

Clayborn, RaymondRaymond Clayborn
CB
1977–1991

Moon, WarrenWarren Moon*
QB
1984–2000

Patton, MarvcusMarvcus Patton
LB
1990–2002

Pritchett, KelvinKelvin Pritchett
DT
1991–2004

Gray, ChrisChris Gray
G
1993–2007

Young, BryantBryant Young
DT, DE
1994–2007

Jennings, BrianBrian Jennings
LS
2000–2012

Denney, JohnJohn Denney
LS
2005–present
2017

227
Morton, CraigCraig Morton
QB
1965–1982
207

Rasmussen, RandyRandy Rasmussen
G
1967–1981

Shell, ArtArt Shell*
OT
1968–1982

Yary, RonRon Yary*
OT
1968–1982

Riley, KenKen Riley
CB
1969–1983

Guy, RayRay Guy*
P
1973–1986

Daniel, EugeneEugene Daniel
CB
1984–1997

Cross, HowardHoward Cross
TE
1989–2001

Coleman, MarcoMarco Coleman
DE
1992–2005

Vincent, TroyTroy Vincent
CB, S
1992–2006

Runyan, JonJon Runyan
OT
1996–2009

Robinson, BryanBryan Robinson
DE
1997–2010

Pickett, RyanRyan Pickett
DT
2001–2014

240
Cowan, CharlieCharlie Cowan
OT
1961–1975
206

Adams, JuliusJulius Adams
DE
1971–1987

Wersching, RayRay Wersching
K
1973–1987

Williams, ReggieReggie Williams
LB
1976–1989

DeBerg, SteveSteve DeBerg
QB
1978–1998

Bennett, CorneliusCornelius Bennett
LB
1987–2000

Hasty, JamesJames Hasty
CB
1988–2001

Wisniewski, SteveSteve Wisniewski
G
1989–2001

Mathis, TeranceTerance Mathis
WR
1990–2002

Adams, SamSam Adams
DT
1994–2007

Vrabel, MikeMike Vrabel
LB
1997–2010

Faneca, AlanAlan Faneca
G
1998–2010

Garza, RobertoRoberto Garza
G, C
2001–2014

Adams, MikeMike Adams
S
2004–present
2017

Colquitt, DustinDustin Colquitt
P
2005–present
2017

255
Atkins, DougDoug Atkins*
DE
1953–1969
205

Dalby, DaveDave Dalby
C
1972–1985

Jennings, DaveDave Jennings
P
1974–1987

Glasgow, NesbyNesby Glasgow
S
1979–1992

Camarillo, RichRich Camarillo
P
1981–1996

Horan, MikeMike Horan
P
1984–1999

Hellestrae, DaleDale Hellestrae
LS
1985–2001

Glenn, AaronAaron Glenn
CB
1994–2008

Sharper, DarrenDarren Sharper
S
1997–2010

Driver, DonaldDonald Driver
WR
1999–2012

Ladouceur, L.P.L.P. Ladouceur
LS
2005–present
2017

266
Tittle, Y. A.Y. A. Tittle*
QB
1948–1964
204

Alderman, GradyGrady Alderman
OT
1960–1974

Brown, WillieWillie Brown*
CB
1963–1978

Wilkerson, DougDoug Wilkerson
G
1970–1984

Washington, LionelLionel Washington
CB
1983–1997

Clifton, KyleKyle Clifton
LB
1984–1996

Ross, KevinKevin Ross
CB
1984–1997

Sharpe, ShannonShannon Sharpe*
TE
1990–2003

274
Dieken, DougDoug Dieken
OT
1971–1984
203

Rafferty, TomTom Rafferty
OL
1976–1989

Clarke, KenKen Clarke
NT, DT
1978–1991

Dent, RichardRichard Dent*
DE
1983–1997

Jackson, JohnJohn Jackson
OT
1988–2001

Allen, LarryLarry Allen*
G
1994–2007

Law, TyTy Law
CB
1995–2009

Kyle, JasonJason Kyle
LS
1995–2010

Williams, KevinKevin Williams
DT
2003–2015

283
Hickerson, GeneGene Hickerson*
G
1958–1973
202

Scibelli, JoeJoe Scibelli
G
1961–1975

McGee, TonyTony McGee
DE
1971–1984

Youngblood, JackJack Youngblood*
DE
1971–1984

Schreiber, AdamAdam Schreiber
LS, G
1984–1999

Burnett, RobRob Burnett
DE
1990–2003

Pleasant, AnthonyAnthony Pleasant
DE, DT
1990–2003

Robinson, JeffJeff Robinson
DE, TE, LS
1993–2009

Muhammad, MuhsinMuhsin Muhammad
WR
1996–2009

Moorman, BrianBrian Moorman
P
2001–2013

Boldin, AnquanAnquan Boldin
WR
2003–2016

294
Brodie, JohnJohn Brodie
QB
1957–1973
201

Hart, JimJim Hart
QB
1966–1984

Shell, DonnieDonnie Shell
S
1974–1987

Martin, GeorgeGeorge Martin
DE
1975–1988

Studwell, ScottScott Studwell
LB
1977–1990

Irwin, TimTim Irwin
OT
1981–1994

Jones, SeanSean Jones
DE
1984–1996

Strong, MackMack Strong
FB
1994–2007

Daniels, PhillipPhillip Daniels
DE
1996–2010

Brown , JoshJosh Brown
K
2003–2016

Dorenbos, JonJon Dorenbos
LS
2003–2016

305
Walker, WayneWayne Walker
LB, K
1958–1972
200

Washington, RussRuss Washington
OT, DT
1968–1982

Blount, MelMel Blount*
CB
1970–1983

Largent, SteveSteve Largent*
WR
1976–1989

Smerlas, FredFred Smerlas
NT
1979–1992

Lingner, AdamAdam Lingner
LS
1983–1995

Kragen, GregGreg Kragen
NT
1985–1997

Phillips, JoeJoe Phillips
NT, DT, DE
1986–1999

Lewis, MoMo Lewis
LB
1991–2003

Wilkins, JeffJeff Wilkins
K
1994–2007

Izzo, LarryLarry Izzo
LB
1996–2009

Williams, PatPat Williams
DT
1997–2010

Snow, JustinJustin Snow
LS
2000–2012

Roethlisberger, BenBen Roethlisberger
QB
2004–present
2017