document_title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

question_text: who played everett on in the heat of the night

root

text: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: In the premiere episode, Philadelphia detective Virgil Tibbs has returned to his fictional home town of Sparta, Mississippi, for his mother's funeral.  By virtue of his relationship with William Gillespie, the white police chief, fostered during a previous murder investigation in which he assisted, Tibbs is persuaded to remain in Sparta as chief of detectives. Gillespie wants him to be part of his effort to help overcome the local squad's reputation of being racist and underskilled.  Although the team suffers friction over Tibbs' dissatisfaction with the department's limited resources and racial attitudes and Gillespie is annoyed at the detective's condescending suspicions about his home town, the two men prove highly effective in enforcing the law.

tag: p

text: Tibbs takes a leave of absence, moving to Jackson, Mississippi, to complete his law degree on a compressed schedule. Upon his return to Sparta, he and his wife Althea have separated, and they later divorce. She moves back to Philadelphia with their twins to be near her parents. Through the hard work of Sparta Councilwoman Harriet Delong, Tibbs is able to retire and keep his city pension, although he was two months shy of the qualifying period. He begins practicing law when he accepts a position in Ben Taylor's law office. Rollins' final appearance on the series was February 2, 1994.

text: Meanwhile, the Sparta city council dismisses Gillespie. The council selects Hampton Forbes (Carl Weathers) to take Gillespie's place as police chief. Forbes is the town's first African American to serve in that position. Gillespie finds a new post of equivalent authority as county sheriff. The two senior police officials find that they get along in excellent fashion, in both professional and personal spheres.

text: Themes[edit]

text: The show dealt with a variety of issues, including racism, police brutality, hate crimes, drug abuse, alcoholism, rape, AIDS, misogyny, incest, child abuse, anti-Semitism, prostitution, government corruption, domestic violence, gambling, mental disorders, dysfunctional families, suicide, poverty, homophobia, and drunk driving.

text: Season-by-season overview[edit]

text: First season[edit]

text: The first season was filmed in Hammond, Louisiana. This locale was selected by executive producer Juanita Bartlett to represent the small southern town of Sparta, Mississippi. Actually, the producers had difficulty finding filming locations that were usable, because other, more modern structures were close enough to be picked up in the images.[1] Eight episodes were filmed—the two-hour pilot movie and six regular one-hour episodes. The series premiered on March 6, 1988, with the season finale airing May 3, 1988.

text: Many conflicts arose between Juanita Bartlett and series star Carroll O'Connor over the writing of the series. At first, she allowed him to consult on the series per his contract. After the pilot, however, she ordered scripts from her writers. O'Connor described these as "recycled material from other crime shows". He was disappointed in the writing, feeling that the writers were taking big-city stories and imposing them on a small town. He believed that the key to this show's success was to express its small-town locale and characters through the stories.[2] Scripts would be given to him marked FINAL: NO REWRITES, but O'Connor often rewrote scripts anyway. This angered the production staff members, which felt they were burning up fax machines with the changes.[2]  O'Connor described Bartlett as a very arrogant person.[1]

text: In the early episodes, there was an emphasis on grisly murders or other crimes, rather than the lives of the New South-era characters, for which the series later became known. Story lines included the pride of Sparta County getting her head bashed in, a man and his wife's distant cousin having an affair, the affair of a black man who was attempting to buy Sparta's newspaper, and a rich white woman ending up dead in the local newspaper plant after an argument between the woman and her husband. In the two-part episode "Blind Spot", a rich businessman and ex-friend of Tibbs, who stole a scholarship from him in high school, has promised to bring prosperity back to Sparta. But he is caught in a game of murder and drug dealing, using one of Sparta's richest mansions as his home base. The season closes with Scooter going with his uncle, Althea, and Virgil to discuss the possibility of having children.

text: Anne Marie Johnson, who played Althea, summed up what it was like to film the show in the little town of Hammond. She said, "My high school was bigger than this town".[citation needed]

text: Second season[edit]

text: Season two premiered on December 4, 1988 due to a writers strike; the season introduced a new look and set of executive producers, with on-location shooting moved from Louisiana to Covington, Georgia. The season premiere was aired as a two-hour TV-movie, "Don't Look Back"; the plot revolved around a copycat murder of one that Gillespie had investigated 20 years earlier. Also introduced were two new regular characters—Joanne St. John (played by Lois Nettleton), the chief's sometime girlfriend and owner of the local diner, "The Magnolia Cafe"; and Officer Wilson Sweet (played by Geoffrey Thorne), fresh out of the Police Academy. The episode also introduced the first of several new recurring characters, including Doctor (or, "Doc") Robb, the county coroner (played by veteran actor Dan Biggers). "The Creek" saw the introduction of the first new police character and the second prominent Georgia performer to claim a regular role on the series, "Officer Randy Goode" (1988–1993) played by Randall Franks, who was cast following the show's move to Covington, Georgia.

text: Plots in this season included a prominent citizen being murdered due to sexual abuse and incest in his family; Virgil's ex-partner and Althea's ex-lover (Michael Warren from Hill Street Blues) coming to visit for a reunion that no one would ever forget; Chief Gillespie's having to face his own bigoted past when he arrests a close friend (played by  Ed Ames) (who is also the sheriff of the neighboring county) for committing a racially motivated murder; Bubba's getting caught up in a murderous love triangle; Althea's niece "Nicole" visiting, and with new friend "Bobby Skinner" (Bubba's nephew) stumbling upon criminal malfeasance in the episode "City Mouse Country Mouse". Mary Crosby and Judith Chapman stir up trouble when the sisters are implicated in their father's murder. It is truly a sibling rivalry with a murderous twist. A bitter strike leads to murder, but not all is as it seems when a new manager takes over Thail River Mill and drives the union to strike after only three months—it is snowing in Sparta and "Mississippi is Burning".

text: During the filming of the episode "Walkout", Carroll O'Connor began to experience fatigue. After being checked by the set doctor, it was discovered that he needed sextuple heart bypass surgery, due to years of heavy smoking. During the last four episodes of the season, Joe Don Baker was brought in as Tom Dugan, a replacement for Chief Gillespie, who was said to be away at a police training conference at Quantico. Dugan was appointed acting chief by Councilwoman White, but he was actually working undercover for the FBI in an attempt to stop the assassination of a civil rights preacher. The season finale "Missing" has the chief being kidnapped by two men in pig masks. Carroll O'Connor wanted the chief to be undergoing heart surgery in the story line, but the husband and wife producers came up with this story line instead. It was the final straw in a long line of complaints; these producers were fired at the end of the season, with O'Connor becoming executive producer for season three.[1]

text: Note: When Jeri Taylor and her husband decided to do the show, she was quoted as saying, "I was one of those in the '60's that was out marching for civil rights," and "I was one of those who thought the major work had all been done. When we (Taylor and her husband, Moessinger) decided to do the show, we took research trips to the South, and we saw that there had been an enormous amount of change. We came back with a renewed vigor but also with the realization that there is still a lot more to be done. There is still deeply entrenched racism. And addressing that became a much larger element in our thinking about the show."

text: "What makes race relations a constant in our show is the two lead characters—one is white and one is black," Moessinger said. "Whether they are angry at each other, whether they're happy or sad, we're showing the interaction of two men who are trying to do the best in life. If we never put one race issue into it, if we never said one word about it, the message is there because it's showing how people ought to interrelate, how they ought to work together, how they ought to get along."[3]

text: Third season[edit]

text: In the third season, Carroll O'Connor took complete control of the show, after firing husband and wife executive producing team David Moessinger and Jeri Taylor.

text: This season saw a number of changes overall. The character of Joanne St. John was eliminated to make room for councilwoman Harriet Delong. Althea grappled with the effects and aftermath of rape, after she was attacked and raped by the music teacher at Sparta High School. It was also revealed that Parker was a Vietnam veteran. Dee Shaw joined the cast as officer Dee Sheppard.

text: In plot lines, Parker almost crosses the line between police ethics and love when he falls for Kate Morell and her daughter J.C.; a former boxer that used to run for the mob tries to blackmail them. The chief tries unsuccessfully to save him, telling Althea, "The FBI wants to buy what King Baylor knows before the mob kills him and the mob wants him dead before the FBI can buy him. It's that simple". Althea's reply is "Chief, I believe that is the coldest thing I have ever heard you say". There is a murder at a nursing home, and a race riot almost erupts when a white cab driver who got a black girl pregnant in The Bottoms is found dead with $1,500 missing. Gillespie and Tibbs take opposite sides in the case, creating some tense drama. Althea's girlfriend from high school visits from Philadelphia and quickly takes an interest in Officer Sweet, but things end tragically. The chief must save a young girl from being tried as an adult after she is charged with killing her parents and hiding their bodies.

text: In "First Girl", Gillespie hires Christine Rankin, Sparta PD's first female black officer. Her life is tragically cut short, making room for her replacement, Luanne Corbin, played by Crystal R. Fox. Luanne would remain a prominent character throughout the rest of the series, although Crystal Fox was listed in the ending credits as a guest star until season seven where she finally appeared in the opening credits.

text: In the two-part episode, "Citizen Trundel" (written by O'Connor, Cynthia Deming, and William J. Royce), Harriet DeLong's sister Natalie is murdered by her secret lover, multimillionaire V.J Trundel. The situation causes Harriet a tremendous amount of grief, not only because of Natalie's murder, but because Gillespie and Tibbs are not able to implicate Trundel in the crime, much less charge him for it. In Part Two, it is shown that Norman Luft and Jessica Franks, two of Trundel's most trusted employees, facilitated not only Natalie's murder-- but also the murder of the man they hired to kill her. Jessica is arrested, and Luft is apprehended attempting to leave Sparta by private plane with Trundel. Gillespie confronts Trundel with the knowledge that even though he has escaped a murder charge, he will still have to live with the burden of having his lover and the mother of his son, Eric Delong, murdered and having to live with the risk that Eric would one day confront him over it. Unable to bear the weight of his guilt, Trundel commits suicide by crashing the plane only minutes after taking off. This episode was of special significance to series costar Denise Nicholas. Ten years before, her real-life sister had been murdered and the culprit had never been caught. When Carroll O'Connor approached Denise about the story line, she had to write him a note explaining the situation. He offered to have her not appear in the episode but she chose to do so to bring closure for her and her family. Only O'Connor and director Leo Penn knew the truth during filming. This is the first episode in which we see Bill and Harriet's relationship begin to gel.[4]

text: Rollins' substance abuse problems[edit]

text: During the second half of season 3, Howard Rollins took six weeks off when he entered a drug and alcohol rehab program to battle his addiction issues.[5] The episodes he missed were "King's Ransom", "Triangle", "Hello in There", "December Days", and "An Angry Woman". MGM worked around his rehab schedule. Episodes were not necessarily aired in the order they were filmed, which explains why Tibbs was present one week and not the next. To explain his absence, he was said to be in New Orleans working for the FBI. He considered committing suicide shortly before Christmas 1989, prompting his stay in rehab.[5] Carroll O'Connor threatened to sue a tabloid which published a story saying that MGM and Carroll had fired Rollins for being absent from the set due to his problems.[5] Denise Nicholas, who played Harriet Delong, said "Carroll set the standard for loyalty. If he liked you, he really liked you and would be there for you" [TV Guide, July 2001].

text: Fourth season[edit]

text: Cynthia Deming and William J. Royce were made story editor(s).

text: The season begins with a two-hour movie titled "Brotherly Love" and the birth of Virgil and Althea's twins. William and Sarah Tibbs were welcomed into the world on September 18, 1990. While Althea is waiting to go into labor, Tibbs' friend from the Philadelphia Police Force is murdered, and Tibbs heads up to the "big city" to clear his friend's name, only to be framed for murder himself. It is now up to Chief Gillespie to find out the truth, clear Virgil's name, and make it home in time for the twins' birth. Other stories include a mild-mannered teacher being accused of child molestation, only to commit suicide due to inflammation from the press. In "Family Matters", Virgil's cousin is a suspect in a string of robberies. Virgil promises his Aunt Ruta that he wants to be a family again and that Ty will not get hurt. When the boy ends up shooting himself while fighting with Virgil for the gun used in the robberies, Ruta cuts herself off from the rest of the family. There is a Christmas clip show, a show about a bounty hunter, and a story line in which the Sparta P.D. has to save a wrongly convicted man from death row, among many other story lines.

text: Harriet DeLong's ex-husband Vic returns to Sparta plotting to rob his former employer in a revenge scheme. On a misty Sunday morning, three men shoot a security guard at the Lambry plant and steal a bundle of money waiting to be paid out on Monday morning. Harriet's son Eugene tries to assist his father and almost loses his life. The case brings Bill and Harriet closer together, while it drives a wedge between Harriet and Eugene. Eugene reminds his mother that "Aunt Natalie was killed by a white man", while Bill brushes off Eugene's fool notions about him and his mama for now. Virgil, on the other hand, is not buying it and can see the relationship between Bill and Harriet developing quite nicely.

text: The season closes with Althea close to a breakdown over the stress of Virgil's job on the police force after he is almost killed by a stray bullet which he does not tell her about. She is worried that her children will grow up without their father. She begs him to try something different. Chief Gillespie burns up the wires to get Virgil on his way to law school, and Althea apologizes for not being more understanding as she, Virgil, and Chief Gillespie share a glass of wine together.

text: Fifth season[edit]

text: The fifth season begins with the revelation that Chief Gillespie has a daughter by the name of Lana Farren, played by Christine Elise (formerly of Beverly Hills, 90210). The chief is now good friends with her mother, Georgia Farren, played by legendary actress Stella Stevens. Georgia Farren asks Bill to help her put some of her affairs in order and to keep all of her "boyfriends" as well as her ex-husband away from her assets, which she intends to leave to Lana.  Bill immediately puts Ted Marcus on the case to assist Lana in obtaining the property meant to be given to her by her mother. In the meantime, Georgia returns to Gulfport and is murdered. The chief takes this very personally and sets out to find her killer, Ken Farren, who evidently learns that Bill Gillespie is Lana's real father. At the end of the episode, Lana finds out that Bill is her real father but does not want to have anything to do with him because of his nonexistence in her life for 20 years. This hurts Bill deeply, and he has a hard time dealing with it.

text: Other story lines include a taxidermist who is obsessed with a schoolteacher, a game of high-stakes poker that ends in murder, Bubba's finding out that Sheriff McComb's deputy is growing pot on the side, Sweet's finding out the truth about the murder of his grandfather in 1948 (a story based on the life of Medgar Evers), and a humorous episode in which a family reunion goes awry after the father returns to collect the money he stole in a bank robbery 15 years before, only to find out that the mother has remarried and spent a good portion of the money. Once the money is located, the insurance company wants it back, but Bill and Virgil keep the money as evidence—requiring the insurance company to sue the police department to recover the funds. In "Moseley's Lot", one brother wants the other dead after he drags two thugs from New Orleans home to Sparta. A once-promising family business is destroyed over drugs, money, and jealousy.

text: Season 5 sees the return of Virgil's Aunt Ruta in "Ruta's Awakening". Ruta is the only witness to a struggle that ends in the death of a young robbery suspect. Her prejudice against the police and against Virgil clouds her memory of the incident. But after visiting her son Tyrell in prison, whereupon he tells her that the shooting that left him hospitalized was not Virgil's fault, her memory of the incident returns, and the episode ends with Virgil and Ruta happily reconciled.

text: In "Sanctuary" and "The Law on Trial", Sheriff McComb has Gillespie and Tibbs brought up on charges after an escaped prisoner is given sanctuary in a monastery and the two don't arrest him when he refuses to give himself up. Althea fears that if Virgil is convicted, it will be the end of his career as a cop and will hinder his chances of being an attorney. Judge Simms presides over the case. The jury is not able to reach a verdict, and Gillespie and Tibbs are freed. Ted Marcus represents Gillespie and Tibbs in the trial, and Father DiMarco represents himself at trial. Father DiMarco's heartfelt summation to the jury contributes to the case being dismissed (though that is not revealed until the start of Season 6).

text: The conflict between Sheriff McComb and Chief Gillespie lingers on through several more episodes, and that conflict affects every crossover dealing with subsequent interactions between McComb's deputies and Gillespie's officers. It isn't until the arrival of Chief Hampton Forbes (Carl Weathers) that we see Sheriff McComb and Chief Gillespie as friends again.

text: The episode and the season end with Althea and Virgil celebrating Virgil's being able to attend law school while remaining on the payroll of the Sparta Police Department. Bill and Harriet spend the night together.

text: Sixth season[edit]

text: At the beginning of Season 6, In the Heat of the Night moved from NBC to CBS. Originally, CBS opted to pick up the series for only a set of six two-hour movies. However, it was eventually picked up for a full 22-episode order.

text: The first two episodes of the season see the affair between Gillespie and DeLong intensify, only to be interrupted by a crack war involving Eugene Glendon. Eugene is Harriet DeLong's son from her marriage to Vic Glendon, a convict who came back to Sparta to rob the mill and former workplace of his employer where a cop was murdered during the attempt to apprehend the robbers. Vic Glendon is later convicted and sent to death row at Parchman Prison.

text: Althea Tibbs witnesses the suicide of one of her students, Garth Watkins (played by Walton Goggins), causing her to suffer a near mental breakdown. Garth's girlfriend has long broken up with him and taken to older, married men, but Garth is still obsessed with her. Garth steals the boots and gun of his girlfriend's stepfather and travels to Pervis Lake and sits in wait for Megan Fowler (the girlfriend) and Lyle Ridley (the older married man) and fatally shoots Lyle while he and Megan are chasing each other outside the cabin that belongs to Lyle Ridley and his wife. Parker and Dee suffer the dreaded task of traveling to the Ridley residence to tell Mrs. Ridley that her husband was shot at their lake home and that he was with a 17-year-old girl.

text: Other highlights this season included the return of Luanne's brother (played by Designing Women's Meshach Taylor), a faded country music singer (played by Robert Goulet) who ends up committing murder; the reconciliation between Gillespie and his estranged daughter Lana, Bubba's being stalked by an obsessed admirer; Sweet's being falsely accused of accepting a bribe; and a two-part episode directed by Larry Hagman involving the white supremacy that still exists in the new South. In a two-part episode written by O'Connor and Cynthia Deming, titled "Even Nice People" and "Lake Winahatchie", the mob, led by their real estate connection Lewis Alvin Epp, tries to force Lana off her farmland, first by trying to buy it and then by torching it so that they can build the "Sparta South Development". Burgess Meredith (in one of his last acting roles) appears in both episodes as an eccentric judge overseeing the case (he would return for a brief cameo in Season 7.)

text: The season ends with Bill and Harriet forced to confront the impending execution of Harriet's ex-husband and Eugene's disapproval of their relationship. Despite not wanting to hurt Eugene, they both go forward with their growing romance.

text: Rollins' firing[edit]

text: Rollins was fired due to health reasons plus three outstanding warrants in Rockdale County and the city of Covington, GA.[6] He was replaced for season seven by Carl Weathers. Filming began on April 28, 1993. Rollins had not been seen on the set since January 1993, when season six wrapped. Despite numerous attempts by the media to contact Rollins, who was believed to be living in New York City, only series star Carroll O'Connor was in contact with Rollins during this period. It was hoped that Rollins would get his legal and personal issues resolved and return to the series full time, both to practice law and to assist the Sparta P.D. with cases, but this was not the case.

text: After season 6, Anne-Marie Johnson and Geoffrey Thorne left the series alongside Rollins. Rollins would return occasionally as a guest star, while Johnson took a starring role on Fox's In Living Color. Thorne left to pursue a career as a novelist and screenwriter; his character simply vanished from the series without any explanation.

text: Seventh season[edit]

text: Season 7 began with Bill Gillespie being forced out of office and former Memphis, Tennessee Police Department Inspector Hampton Forbes hired as the new police chief. After nearly three decades on the Sparta police force, Gillespie does not receive a new contract from the city council because of his open relationship with Harriet DeLong. However, Gillespie is soon appointed as the acting Sheriff of Newton County when Nathan McComb suffers a heart attack and is too ill to continue his duties. Bill's first case as Sheriff is to solve the murder of one of the richest families in Sparta—the Barons. Wade Hatton, played by Stacy Keach, is a lawyer from New Orleans who has returned to his native Sparta to revisit his childhood memories and romance Sarah Hallisey. The prime suspect in the case is a 16-year-old black youth, played by Wayne Brady with an intellectual disability. Gillespie eventually solves the case with the help of Hatton, Hallisey, and Judge Cully—much to the dissatisfaction of District Attorney Darnell, who feels the prisoner is being treated in a privileged status due to his disability. Meanwhile, Chief Forbes is escorted on a driving tour of Sparta by Bubba Skinner and Officer Covey. Forbes gets to see both the finest street in town, along which Bubba indicates that he has solved many major crimes, as well as "The Bottoms". Chief Forbes soon realizes that Sparta is no different from Memphis, and he and Gillespie will need to work together to keep the town safe from the criminal elements. Howard Rollins returns in his new capacity as attorney Virgil Tibbs and assists on three of the Sparta PD's cases after having moved into Ben Taylor's law office.

text: Other cases involve a friend of Bubba Skinner's being given the AIDS virus from a lover who knew he had it, a nine-year-old little girl being killed because of a drunk driver (Hagman-directed), a young inter-racial couple being stalked by a white supremacist (Brent Lunay), first seen in the episode "Odessa", written by Denise Nicholas. Other cases include Parker's being accused of police brutality, and the return of Daddy Roy and Miz Rhoda. Both Anne Meara and Jerry Stiller make special guest appearances in two separate episodes. Gillespie must once again confront his racist past when a new synagogue moves into Sparta and the Rabbi detests Gillespie for being an anti-Semite back in the 1960s. This both angers and shocks Harriet. Lana Gillespie also makes one final appearance as Bill's daughter in the Hagman-directed episode "A Love Lost", in which he must protect her from a former boyfriend who is involved in a gun running scheme with someone in Sparta.

text: In the episode "Ches and the Grand Lady", Bobby Short reprises his role as the blues musician from "Sweet, Sweet Blues". The episode also guest stars Jean Simmons as the dying grand dame of Sparta who also happens to be Ches's old flame and the overbearing great-aunt of Lonnie Jamison. Another episode involves the return of Maybelle Chesboro (played by Elizabeth Ashley), the ex-madam. She has returned to operate a legal phone sex business. One of her employees tries to blackmail one of Holly Colmer's friends and ends up getting shot. Chesboro decides to give up working in the business for good, but not before visiting Gillespie and attempting to get romantic with him.

text: Finally, in "Dangerous Engagement", Gillespie and DeLong tie the knot at the same sanctuary involved in the sanctuary case from season five. Father DiMarco has since died, but the new Monk agrees to marry them. Chief Forbes serves as best man. In the meantime, a newspaper misprint makes Gillespie the target of an escaped killer from Texas whose father Sheriff McComb sent to death row. His son is now seeking revenge.

text: The season and the TV series wraps up with the two-hour movie of the week, "Give Me Your Life", starring Peter Fonda as Appfel. The story (by O'Connor and written by Cynthia Deming & William J Royce) is loosely based on the real-life drama unfolding in Waco, Texas with David Koresh and his followers.

text: TV movies[edit]

text: Four made-for-television movies were produced  during the 1994-95 season. Once released on DVD, these movies combined were considered to be the eighth season of the show.[7] The movies were:

text:
A Matter of Justice
Who was Geli Bendl? (directed by Larry Hagman)
By Duty Bound
Grow Old Along with Me

tag: ul

text: Series co-star Hugh O'Connor committed suicide two months before the fourth film aired.  When the film was broadcast in its original, two-hour format, a black screen was added in between the intro tag and the opening title; it read "In memory of Hugh O'Connor: 1962–1995".

text: Writing staff[edit]

text:
Carroll O'Connor (1989–95) as Matt Harris
Mark Rodgers (1989–90)
David Moessinger (1988–89)
Jeri Taylor (1988–89)
Edward Deblasio (1989–90)
Nancy Bond (1988–90)
William J Royce (1989–94)
Cynthia Deming (1990–94)
Robert Bielak (1990–91)
Mitch Schneider (1990–94)
Joe Gannon (1991–94)
Denise Nicholas (1992–95)
Terri Erwin (1989–91)
Bill Taub (1991)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Role

Carroll O'Connor
Starred in the lead role of William O. "Bill" Gillespie. Gillespie was a tough but honorable small city police chief. At first somewhat resentful of Virgil Tibbs, Gillespie would later become very close to Virgil and the rest of the Tibbs family. It should be noted that their relationship in the TV series is much less adversarial than it is in the film version. For the first six seasons he was the chief of the Sparta Police Department until he was fired by the city council at the beginning of the 7th season. He would then become interim County Sheriff after the previous Sheriff became too ill to continue his duties. Gillespie would become the permanent Sheriff by the end of the series. Chief Gillespie was a World War 2 Veteran and identified himself as serving with a colored man in the 227th Military Police (it is assumed the 227th was a colored unit and Gillespie was the commanding officer). Gillespie had a penchant for wearing high-powered sidearms such as the Colt Python and later a brushed chrome Desert Eagle. Gillespie was married at one time to Anna, his Italian war bride whom he brought home from his WWII service in Italy. Anna became pregnant - both she and their son would die in childbirth. He also had an older daughter Lana, played by Christine Elise. Gillespie eventually fell in love with Harriett DeLong. Throughout the series run, O'Connor was one of the actors to appear in every episode of the series on both networks (NBC) and (CBS), with the exception of four shows near the end of the 1988-89 season that he missed while recovering from open heart surgery.

Howard Rollins
Starred in the lead role of Virgil Tibbs. Virgil had grown up in Sparta but later moved north and became a police detective in Philadelphia, PA. He would later return to Sparta after being offered a job as chief of detectives and the rank of Captain with the city police department. At first Tibbs and Gillespie butted heads, but would soon become close friends - Gillespie even became Godfather to Virgil and Althea's twins. Tibbs also initially clashed with Bubba early in the series, but after helping Bubba clear his name during a case where he was falsely accused of rape, they became good friends as well. Even though some city council members wanted to make him chief, Tibbs firmly rebuffed their offers, preferring to work with Gillespie. After continued legal problems, Rollins was dropped from the series in 1993, and Tibbs was written out of the series as having left the community following his graduation from law school and becoming an attorney in private practice.  Rollins would return as a guest star several times during the 7th season in his new profession, attorney at law.

Alan Autry
Played Virgil Lawrence "Bubba" Skinner. At first Bubba was something of a redneck. Intimidating and physically powerful, he was never afraid to use force when needed, but despite his rough exterior, he was a good man deep down. He was also a sort of ladies' man around Sparta, as he always seemed to have a new girlfriend. He was known to turn female heads - including that of Althea Tibbs who refers to him as a "hunk." Bubba was deeply resentful of Virgil's presence on the police force at first, clashing with him on several occasions. He eventually became close friends with the Tibbs family, particularly after Virgil helped clear his name in a false allegation of rape. As the series progresses, Bubba is shown to be a brave and honorable man who is more complex and intelligent than people give him credit for. Through the course of the series, Bubba became more racially tolerant, referring to bigots and racists as "knotheads." Bubba was also from a large family, and was shown several times during the series to be an expert shot with a rifle. When the Sparta police needed a sniper (such as when Captain Tibbs's wife Althea was taken hostage in the episode ".......And then you die,") it was Skinner who took the shot with a scoped rifle kept in the trunk of his squad car. Bubba carried a Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver in his belt holster like most of the other Sparta police officers. In Season 1, Bubba's rank seemed to be patrolman but was never explicitly stated. By Season 2's premiere he was a Sergeant. Eventually he rose to the rank of Captain before Gillespie left the Sparta Police. In Season 5, it is revealed that Bubba's first and middle initials are V.L. Bubba also always wore "white socks" with his uniform. Bubba usually was the one who was asked to arrest the tougher suspects due to his large size and immense strength.

Anne-Marie Johnson
Starred as Virgil's wife, teacher and counselor Althea Tibbs. She starred in that role for six seasons. Althea's life in Sparta was difficult—she was raped at the beginning of the third season, and later suffered a mental breakdown after witnessing the suicide of one of her students. Althea did not reappear for the 7th season, and her character was written out as Althea had been separated from Virgil and moved back to Pennsylvania.

Lois Nettleton
Played Joanne St. John from 1988 to 1989. She was the owner of the Magnolia Cafe, a popular eatery in Sparta (as seen in the show's opening). After it was revealed that Joanne was once a prostitute, she eventually left Sparta.

David Hart
Played Parker Williams. He was a very perceptive character. He genuinely loved the people of Sparta whom he had sworn to serve and protect, and he often sensed when someone was hurting. Parker knew everybody in town and was able to get through to them because of his kindness. Parker generally sat behind the dispatcher's desk, handling the telephone and radio, although he also was assigned to patrol duty. In 1994, he rose to the rank of Senior Sergeant. Parker was a Vietnam veteran, as explained in the episode "My Name is Hank." As a comic relief, Parker always had a Mason jar of sweet tea on his desk, including when he was at the Tibbs's house for Christmas in the episode "Blessings." Parker can be seen holding his tea jar with a Christmas bow stuck on it.

Christian LeBlanc
Portrayed Junior Abernathy, a patrolman seen only during Season 1. Junior was a young and inexperienced policeman who often was chastised by Detective Tibbs or Chief Gillespie for not knowing proper police procedure. However, Junior often rose to the occasion to assist in arrests or at other incidents in Sparta.

Geoffrey Thorne
Joined the cast as Wilson Sweet in 1988. Aside from Tibbs, Sweet was one of the first black men to join the force. His ambition was to rise in the ranks of the Sparta police force and become Sparta's first black Police Chief - a part which was eventually played by Carl Weathers. The character disappeared in Season 7 after Thorne left the show and was never mentioned again.

Hugh O'Connor
Played the role of Lonnie Jamison, an officer and senior investigator on the Sparta police force. Lonnie eventually rose to the rank of Lieutenant and Acting Chief of Detectives. Lonnie was a very capable officer and took his job seriously. He usually had a serious and straightforward personality, with a dry humor that always fit the moment, and he was an amiable and friendly person overall. One of the many facets of Lonnie's character was fierce, never-give-up loyalty to his friends. A prime example of that loyalty occurred over several episodes as Lonnie's friendship with Harriet DeLong's son Eugene. Lonnie was Eugene's track team coach at Sparta High, and it was Lonnie Jamison who was able to get through to the young man when Eugene's father was being tried for murder, episode "No Other Road." Later, in "A Small War," when Eugene's friend was killed in a drive-by at a drug pusher's house, Lonnie tried to convince Eugene to talk about what he had witnessed. Eugene resisted, testing Lt. Jamison's patience, but when Eugene agreed to help the police identify the shooter, it was Lonnie who drove him up to Jackson. Actually, Lonnie let Eugene drive, and they took Jamison's Corvette. That scene was another example of Lonnie helping to get through to Eugene. Lonnie was a crack shot with a rifle and was often selected by Chief Gillespie to handle a situation requiring a long range rifle shot, as in episodes "My Name is Hank," "An Eye for An Eye," and "CrackDown." Along with Bubba, the Sparta Police had a very lethal sniper team.

Carl Weathers
Joined the cast in the final season as Police Chief Hampton Forbes. He was picked to lead the department after the controversial firing of Bill Gillespie. Forbes was the first black chief of the department and a 20-year veteran of the Memphis, TN, police department, serving in one of the four police districts in the city of Memphis. He retired from the MPD to become the new Police Chief in Sparta. Forbes became friends with Gillespie and often worked closely with him when Gillespie became county sheriff.

Crystal R. Fox
Played Luanne Corbin. After the first black woman to join the force, Officer Christine Rankin, died in the line of duty on her first day on the job, Corbin was recruited to take her place. Crystal was featured in the episode "Singin' the Blues," which gave her the opportunity to display her talent as a singer as well as a fine actress. Her beautiful singing voice was also featured in the episode "Odessa," where she sang the Gospel song "Jesus Savior, Pilot Me."

Denise Nicholas
Played Sparta City Council woman Harriet DeLong. Harriet's relationship with Chief Gillespie was deeply adversarial in the beginning, and the two clashed often when she first appeared on the show. But over the course of the series, Harriet saw Gillespie's softer, more caring side and began to think more fondly of him. By the time Denise Nicholas became a series regular, Harriet and Gillespie were becoming a couple, much to the disapproval of her son, Eugene. In the two-part episode, "Citizen Trundel," Harriet's sister, Natalie was the mistress of conniving businessman, V.J. Trundel, who later had her murdered. They had a son named Eric from their illicit affair, and Harriet eventually gained custody of him after Trundel committed suicide by deliberately crashing his private airplane after a confrontation about the murder with Gillespie. Emily Trundel, V.J.'s estranged widow, attempted to gain custody of Eric in the following season, but only succeeded in gaining visitation rights, something Harriet deeply opposed.

Randall Franks
Played Officer Randy Goode (1988–1993) Randy Goode began his work on the series as a partner to Wilson Sweet in "The Creek;" he soon began driving Chief Gillespie and Detective Tibbs around.

Harvey E. Lee Jr.
Played Officer Ken Covey. (Joined the show in the sixth season.)

Mark Johnson
Played Officer Luke Everett.  (Joined the show in the sixth season.)

tag: table

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Role

Maureen Dowdell
Played Nurse Tracey Boggs, Bubba's girlfriend. Also played Nurse Jill and Lydia Kinsey.

Thom Gossom Jr.
Ted Marcus

Fran Bennett
Virgil's aunt Ruta Gibson

Karen Carlson
Sarah Hallisey

Rugg Williams
Eugene Glendon

Wallace Merck
Colmer

Christine Elise
Lana Farren - Gillespie's daughter by Georgia Farren as the result of a long-ago love affair. They had no relationship while Lana was growing up.

Adair Simon
Emily Trundel

Bob Penny
Alvin Epp

Scott Brian Higgs
Randy Calhoun

Wilbur Fitzgerald
Dist. Atty. Gerard Darnelle

Afemo Omilami
Jimmy Dawes

Burgess Meredith
Judge Cully

Stuart Culpepper
Judge Henry Sims

Joe Don Baker
Captain Tom Dugan - A retired Mississippi Highway Patrol police captain, Dugan appeared on the last four episodes of the second season. Baker was brought in as a stand-in for Carroll O'Connor while O'Connor was recovering from open heart surgery. Dugan was placed in the department by the FBI to uncover a plot by white supremacists to assassinate a civil rights leader. Dugan was murdered by these same white supremacists at the end of the second season. Dugan's godson, who had become involved with these people, later agreed to help the police.

Ron Culbreth
Sheriff Nathan McComb - the former county sheriff. Culbreth appeared on nine episodes as Sheriff McComb. In the 7th season, McComb became too ill to continue his duties, and Gillespie was appointed as acting sheriff in his place. Prior to his appearances as McComb, Culbreth also appeared on the episode Missing in another guest role.

Pat Hingle
Roy Eversole - Parker Williams' step-father. Hot tempered, Eversole had a great deal of difficulty maintaining steady employment. Eversole was once a murder suspect after getting into a heated argument with a former employer, who was subsequently found dead a short time later.

Tonea Stewart
Virgil's aunt Etta Kibby

Dee Shaw
Officer Dee Shepard

Jen Harper
Dr. Day

text: Guest stars[edit]

text: During the series' 7½-season run, many familiar, unfamiliar, and longtime character actors and actresses have made guest appearances, and others were newcomers who went on to become well-known. Some of those appearing in The Heat of the Night episodes were: Ed Ames, Frances Fisher, Rod Masterson, Mel Stewart, Denzel Washington, Nana Visitor, Gail O'Grady, Peter Fonda, Don Galloway, Corbin Bernsen, Dana Barron, Marco St. John, Larry Black, Ted Lange, Mickey Jones, Mitchell Laurance, Laura Johnson, Jordan Vaughn, Martha Byrne, Walton Goggins, Maury Covington, Earl Holliman, Michael Beck, Randy Brooks, Wayne Brady, Art Evans, Nicolas Cowan, Lou Walker, Alan Arbus, Robert Goulet, Bobby Short, Iman, William Sadler, Michael Spound, Bill McKinney, Lisa Pelikan, Mark Rolston, Jennifer Bassey, Marc Macaulay, Jean Simmons, Thomas Jefferson Bird, Vanessa Bell Calloway, J.D. Hall, John Davis Chandler, George C. Scott, Joe Senaca, Stephen Root, Bruce Kirby, Lisa Rieffel, Marla Gibbs, Ernest Lee Thomas, Ken Marshall, Laurence Fishburne, Josh Lucas (as Joshua Lucas), Ted Manson, Mariska Hargitay, Jason Beghe, Meshach Taylor, Francesco Quinn, Jeffrey Buckner Ford, Gary Anthony Williams, Richard McKenzie, Fred Thompson, Craig Shoemaker, Stephen Nichols, Stacy Keach, Mitchell Anderson, James Best, Sonny Shroyer, Michael Warren, Byron Cherry, Whitman Mayo, Ken Curtis, Louise Fletcher, Victor French, among many others. Future Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman stars, Helene Udy, William Shockley and Chad Allen made guest appearances. Future Desperate Housewives star Doug Savant and veteran actor Kevin McCarthy also made their guest appearances on the two-part pilot episode, as well as O. J. Simpson, who made a cameo appearance.

text: Broadcast history and ratings[edit]

text: The series debuted as a midseason replacement for the short-lived NBC series J.J. Starbuck, premiering on March 6, 1988. The series ran on the network until May 19, 1992, then was shown on CBS until its finale after an eighth season, on May 16, 1995.

text:
Season
Time
Rank
Rating
Viewers

1987–88
Tuesday at 9:00-10:00 PM on NBC
19
17.0
15,639,200

1988–89
18
17.3
15,564,900

1989–90
19
16.9
13,871,900

1990–91
21
14.9 (tied with Major Dad)
N/A

1991–92
Tuesday at 9:00-10:00 PM on NBC (October 1, 1991 - January 7, 1992)Tuesday at 8:00-9:00 PM on NBC (January 14 - May 19, 1992)
30
13.1 (tied with The Golden Girls)
N/A

1992–93
Wednesday at 9:00-10:00 PM on CBS
46
N/A
10,630,000

1993–94
Thursday at 8:00-9:00 PM on CBS (September 16, 1993 - January 6, 1994)Wednesday at 9:00-10:00 PM on CBS (January 12 - May 11, 1994)
N/A
N/A
N/A

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: On August 30, 2012, TGG Direct released the first season on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.[8] The eighth and final season was released on June 11, 2013.[7]

text: On October 23, 2012, TGG Direct released an 8-disc best-of set entitled  In the Heat of the Night - 24hr Television Marathon.[9]

text: TGG Direct released seasons 4 and 5 onto DVD on December 10, 2013. However, due to licensing issues, the following episodes are missing from the box set: Brotherly Love, Shine On Sparta Moon, Sweet, Sweet Blues, Sanctuary, Law On Trial.[10][11]

text:
TGG Direct released seasons 2 & 3 in a single boxed set onto DVD on March 11, 2014. However, due to clearance issues, the following episodes are excluded from Season 2 and Season 3
Season 2 Excluded Episodes: The Family Secret, The Hammer and the Glove, A Trip Upstate, Intruders, Sister Sister, Walkout
Season 3 Excluded Episodes: Fairest of Them All, Crackdown, Anniversary, My Name is Hank, King's Ransom, A Loss of Innocence, Home is Where the Heart Is, Indiscretions, Citizen Trundel Part 1 and Part 2

text: TGG Direct also released seasons 6 and 7 in individual boxed sets onto DVD on March 11, 2014. However, due to clearance issues, the following episode is excluded from Season 6: Random's Child and the following episodes are excluded from Season 7: Singin' The Blues, Every Man's Family, Maybelle Returns, Ches and the Grand Lady, Dangerous Engagement.

text: Locations[edit]

text: The television series also took place in a fictionalized version of Sparta, Mississippi. While there is a real Sparta, the version of Sparta shown on television is very different from the real town. For example, the TV Sparta is situated along Interstate 20, while the real town is nowhere near any interstate. During the first season, Hammond, Louisiana was the site of the show's production. In the second season, the show was moved to Georgia, to an area east of Atlanta and it remained there for the rest of its run. The principal area of Sparta was in fact downtown Covington, Georgia. Rural scenes were filmed in a wide surrounding area, in the Georgia counties of Newton (where Covington is located), Rockdale, Walton, Morgan, and Jasper. Decatur in Dekalb County was used as a stand-in for an episode as the Mississippi Capital city of Jackson, and Atlanta itself was used in one episode, in which Bubba worked on a case there. In fact, during the series' run, many of the cast members had homes in the area and were often spotted in local restaurants and retail stores. The cast members would also go around to local schools to speak to students.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The theme song, "In the Heat of the Night," was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with "They Call Me Mr. Tibbs" on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series.

text: Randall Franks and Alan Autry co-produced the cast CD "Christmas Time's A Comin'" for Sonlite and MGM/UA featuring the entire cast and a host of music stars and it was released Christmas 1991 and 1992 and was among the top holiday recordings of those years around the South and Midwest.


document_title: Nape

question_text: where is the nape of your neck located

question_tokens: where is the nape of your neck located

text: Nape

text: The nape is the back of the neck. In technical anatomical/medical terminology, the nape is referred to by the word nucha, which also gives the adjective corresponding to "nape" in English, "nuchal". An English and French word for the nape of the neck is "nuque".

text: In many mammals, the nape is the site of the scruff, a loose, non-sensitive area of skin by which the mother can carry her young, holding the scruff between her teeth. In domestic cats, the scruff is used when a mother cat transfers her kittens, either by carrying them away from danger or to a new nest or den site (carrying each kitten by gripping its scruff in her teeth), and in mating, when the male cat (tom) grips the female cat's scruff with his teeth to help keep her relatively immobile.[1]

text: In traditional Japanese culture, the nape (known in the Japanese language as unaji 項) was one of the few areas of the body (other than face and hands) left uncovered by women's attire. The nape of a woman's neck held a strong attraction for many Japanese men (see Geisha makeup).[2]

text: The nape is sometimes a target of body piercing.[3]


document_title: List of boxing quintuple champions

question_text: who has the most belts in boxing history

text: List of boxing quintuple champions

text: Recognition[edit]

text: Major sanctioning bodies[edit]

text: These "Big 4" sanctioning bodies are considered "major" enough to award championships. They are arranged in order of foundation:

text:
World Boxing Association (WBA) - founded in 1921
World Boxing Council (WBC) - founded in 1963
International Boxing Federation (IBF) - founded in 1976
World Boxing Organization (WBO) - founded in 1988

text: The Ring[edit]

text: The Ring, boxing's most respected magazine that was founded in 1922, has its own version of lineal championship and began awarding championship belts in 1922. The Lineal Champion is also known as the true champion of the division. The Ring Champion holds the linear reign to the throne, the man who beat the man. The Ring stopped giving belts to world champions in the 1990s but began again in 2002.

text: In 2002, The Ring attempted to clear up the confusion regarding world champions by creating a championship policy. It echoed many critics' arguments that the sanctioning bodies in charge of boxing championships had undermined the sport by pitting undeserving contenders against undeserving "champions", and forcing the boxing public to see mismatches for so-called "world championships". The Ring attempted to clear up the confusion regarding world champions by creating a championship policy that is "intended to reward fighters who, by satisfying rigid criteria, can justify a claim as the true and only world champion in a given weight class." The Ring claims to be more authoritative and open than the sanctioning bodies' rankings, with a page devoted to full explanations for ranking changes. A fighter pays no sanctioning fees to defend or fight for the title at stake, contrary to practices of the sanctioning bodies. Furthermore, a fighter cannot be stripped of the title unless he loses, decides to move to a different weight division, or retires.

text: There are currently only two ways that a boxer can win The Ring's title: defeat the reigning champion; or win a box-off between the magazine's number-one and number-two rated contenders (or, sometimes, number-one and number-three rated). A vacant Ring championship is filled when the number-one contender in a weight-division battles the number-two contender or the number-three contender (in cases where The Ring determines that the number-two and number-three contenders are close in abilities and records).

text: In May 2012, citing the number of vacancies in various weight classes as primary motivation, The Ring unveiled a new championship policy. Under the new policy, The Ring title can be awarded when the No. 1 and No. 2 fighters face one another or when the Nos. 1 and 2 contenders choose not to fight one another and either of them fights No. 3, No. 4 or No. 5, the winner may be awarded The Ring belt. In addition, there are now six ways for a fighter to lose his title: lose a fight in his championship weight class; move to another weight class; not schedule a fight in any weight class for 18 months; not schedule a fight in his championship weight class for 18 months, even if fighting at another weight class; not scheduling a fight with a top 5 contender in any weight class for two years; or retiring.

text: Many media outlets and members are extremely critical of the new championship policy and state that if this new policy is followed The Ring title will lose the credibility it once held.

text: Lineal[edit]

text: The Transnational Boxing Rankings Board (TBRB) hands out the official version of lineal championship. TBRB awards vacant championships when the two top-ranked fighters in any division meet and currently recognizes legitimate world champions or "true champions" each weight classes. The Board was formed to continue where The Ring "left off" in the aftermath of its purchase by Golden Boy Promotions in 2007 and the following dismissal of Nigel Collins. After the new editors announced a controversial new championship policy in May 2012, three prominent members of the Ring Advisory Panel resigned. This three members (Springs Toledo, Cliff Rold and Tim Starks) became the founding members of the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board, which was formed over the summer of 2012 with the assistance of Stewart Howe of England.

text: After The Ring lost its credibility, many boxing historians and boxing analysts viewed Transnational Boxing Rankings Board as the most complete version of lineal championship and the most authoritative rankings in boxing today.

text: TBRB champions are listed on Cyber Boxing Zone website which list lineal champions of the Queensberry Era to date.

text: Minor sanctioning bodies[edit]

text: The minor sanctioning bodies are sometimes included. They are: International Boxing Organization (IBO), World Professional Boxing Federation (WPBF), International Boxing Association (IBA), National Boxing Association (NBA).

text: Note:

text:
The International Boxing Association (IBA) is not to be confused with the International Boxing Association (AIBA), a French acronym for Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur, which sanctions amateur matches.
The National Boxing Association (NBA) was established in 1984 and is not to be confused with the original National Boxing Association that was established in 1921 and changed its name to World Boxing Association (WBA) in 1962.

text: Group of Quintuple Champions[edit]

text: The following are the lists of boxers who have won five different titles in five totally different categories of weight. In boxing, a boxer that wins championships in five different divisions is called a quintuple champion.

text: List of Boxing Quintuple or Five Division Champions — Major Titles[edit]

text: This list is credited for boxers who have won championships in boxing from major sanctioning bodies and The Ring.

text: Example: Thomas Hearns won his first belt at 147 pounds, later he captured the 154 crown, got the 175 belt, won the 160 belt and finally he captured the 168 world title.

text: World Titles from The Ring/Lineal

text:
Number
Name
Titles
Date
Opponent
Result
Defenses

1

 Thomas Hearns[1]
WBA Welterweight (147)
1980-08-02
 Pipino Cuevas
TKO 2/15
3

WBC Light middleweight (154)
1982-12-03
 Wilfred Benítez
TKO 2/15
?

The Ring Light middleweight (154)
?

Lineal Light middleweight (154)
?

WBC Light heavyweight (175)
1987-03-07
 Dennis Andries
TKO 10/12
0

WBC Middleweight (160)
1987-10-29
 Juan Domingo Roldán
KO 4/12
0

WBO Super middleweight (168)
1988-11-04
 James Kinchen
MD 12/12
2

2

 Ray Charles Leonard[2]
WBC Welterweight (147)
1979-11-30
 Wilfred Benítez
TKO 15/15
1

The Ring Welterweight (147)
1

Lineal Welterweight (147)
1

WBA Light middleweight (154)
1981-06-25
 Ayub Kalule
TKO 9/15
0

The Ring Junior middleweight (154)
0

Lineal Junior middleweight (154)
0

WBC Middleweight (160)
1987-04-06
 Marvin Hagler
SD 12/12
0

The Ring Middleweight (160)
0

Lineal Middleweight (160)
0

WBC Super middleweight (168)
1988-11-07
 Don Lalonde
TKO 9/12
2

WBC Light heavyweight (175)
1988-11-07
 Don Lalonde
TKO 9/12
0

3

 Oscar De La Hoya[3]
WBO Super featherweight (130)
1994-03-05
 Jimmy Bredahl
TKO 10/12
1

WBO Lightweight (135)
1995-02-18
 John-John Molina
UD 12/12
6

WBC Super lightweight (140)
1996-06-07
 Julio César Chávez
TKO 4/12
1

Lineal Super lightweight (140)
1

WBC Welterweight (147)
1997-04-12
 Pernell Whitaker
UD 12/12
7

Lineal Welterweight (147)
7

WBC Super welterweight (154)
2001-06-23
 Javier Castillejo
UD 12/12
1

The Ring Junior middleweight (154)
2002-09-14
 Fernando Vargas
TKO 11/12
1

Lineal Junior middleweight (154)
1

4

 Floyd Mayweather, Jr.[4]
WBC Super featherweight (130)
1998-10-03
 Genaro Hernández
RTD 8/12
8

Lineal Super featherweight (130)
8

WBC Lightweight (135)
2002-04-20
 José Luis Castillo
UD 12/12
3

The Ring Lightweight (135)
3

Lineal Lightweight (135)
3

WBC Super lightweight (140)
2005-06-25
 Arturo Gatti
TKO 6/12
0

IBF Welterweight (147)
2006-04-08
 Zab Judah
UD 12/12
0

The Ring Welterweight (147)
2006-11-04
 Carlos Baldomir
UD 12/12
1

Lineal Welterweight (147)
1

WBC Super welterweight (154)
2007-05-05
 Oscar De La Hoya
SD 12/12
0

The Ring Super welterweight (154)
2013-09-14
 Canelo Álvarez
UD 12/12
1

Lineal Super welterweight (154)
1

5

 Manny Pacquiao[5]
WBC Flyweight (112)
1998-12-04
 Chatchai Sasakul
KO 8/12
1

Lineal Flyweight (112)
1

IBF Super bantamweight (122)
2001-06-23
 Lehlohonolo Ledwaba
TKO 6/12
4

The Ring Featherweight (126)
2003-11-15
 Marco Antonio Barrera
TKO 11/12
2

Lineal Featherweight (126)
2

WBC Super featherweight (130)
2008-03-15
 Juan Manuel Márquez
SD 12/12
0

The Ring Junior lightweight (130)
0

Lineal Junior lightweight (130)
0

WBC Lightweight (135)
2008-06-28
 David Díaz
TKO 9/12
0

text: List of Quintuple Champions (long) — Major Titles[edit]

text:
1st Title: 147 WBA Welterweight Title / 1980-08-02 / Pipino Cuevas / MI, USA / TKO 2 15 (3 successful defenses)
2nd Title: 154 WBC Super Welterweight Title / 1982-12-03 / Wilfred Benítez / MI, USA / UD15 15 (3 successful defenses)
2nd Title: 154 Lineal and The Ring / 1983-05 / Vacant / (5 consecutive defenses)
3rd Title: 175 WBC Light Heavyweight Title / 1987-03-07 / Dennis Andries / Detroit, USA / TKO 10 12 (Vacates)
4th Title: 160 WBC Middleweight Title / 1987-10-29 / Juan D. Roldán / NV, USA / KO 4 12
5th Title: 168 vacant WBO Super Middleweight Title / 1988-11-04 / James Kinchen / NV, USA / MD 12 12

text:
1st Title: 147 Lineal, The Ring and WBC Welterweight Title / 1979-11-30 / Wilfredo Benítez / NV, USA / TKO 15 15 (1 consecutive defense)
2nd Title: 154 Lineal, The Ring and WBA Super Welterweight Title / 1981-06-25 / Ayub Kalule / TX, USA / TKO 9 15 (Vacates)
3rd Title: 160 Lineal, The Ring and WBC Middleweight Title / 1987-04-06 / Marvin Hagler / NV, USA / SD 12 12 (Vacates)
4th Title: 168 WBC Super Middleweight Title / 1988-11-07 / Don Lalonde / NV, USA / TKO 9 12 (2 successful defenses)
5th Title: 175 WBC Light Heavyweight Title / 1988-11-07 / Don Lalonde / NV, USA / TKO 9 12

text: (3) Oscar De La Hoya (USA); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147, 154 & 160

text:
1st Title: 130 WBO Super Featherweight Title / 1994-03-05 / Jimmy Bredahl / CA, USA / TKO 10 12 (1 successful defense)
2nd Title: 135 vacant WBO Lightweight Title / 1995-02-18 / John-John Molina / NV, USA / UD 12 12 (6 successful defenses)
3rd Title: 140 Lineal and WBC Light Welterweight Title / 1996-06-07 / Julio César Chávez / NV, USA / TKO 4 12 (1 successful defense)
4th Title: 147 Lineal and WBC Welterweight Title / 1997-04-12 / Pernell Whitaker / NV, USA / UD 12 12 (7 successful defenses)
5th Title: 154 WBC Light Middleweight Title / 2001-06-23 / Javier Castillejo / NV, USA / UD 12 12
5th Title: 154 Lineal and The Ring Junior Middleweight Title / 2002-09-14 / Fernando Vargas / NV, USA / TKO 11 12 (2 successful defenses)

text: (4) Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (USA); Belts: 130,135, 140, 147 & 154

text:
1st Title: 130 Lineal and WBC Super Featherweight Title / 1998-10-03 / Genaro Hernández / NV, USA / RTD 8 12 (8 consecutives)
2nd Title: 135 Lineal, The Ring and WBC Lightweight Title / 2002-04-20 / José Luis Castillo / NV, USA / UD 12 12 (3 consecutives)
3rd Title: 140 WBC Light Welterweight Title / 2005-06-25 / Arturo Gatti / NJ, USA / TKO 6 12
4th Title: 147 IBF Welterweight Title / 2006-04-08 / Zab Judah / NV, USA / UD 12 12 (0 successful defenses)
4th Title: 147 Lineal, The Ring and WBC Welterweight Title / 2006-11-04 / Carlos Baldomir / NV, USA / UD 12 12 (1 successful defenses)
5th Title: 154 WBC Light Middleweight Title / 2007-05-05 / Oscar De La Hoya / NV, USA / SD 12 12
5th Title: 154 Lineal and The Ring Light Middleweight Title / 2013-09-14 / Canelo Álvarez / NV, USA / UD 12 12

text: (5) Manny Pacquiao (PHI); Belts: 112, 122, 126, 130, 135, 140, 147 & 154

text:
1st Title: 112 Lineal and WBC Flyweight Title / 1998-12-04 / Chatchai Sasakul / Phuttamonthon, Thailand / KO 8 12 (1 consecutives)
2nd Title: 122 IBF Super Bantamweight Title / 2001-06-23 / Lehlohonolo Ledwaba / Nevada, USA / TKO 6 12 (4 consecutives)
3rd Title: 126 Lineal and The Ring Featherweight Title / 2003-11-15 / Marco Antonio Barrera / Texas, USA / TKO 11 12 (2 consecutives)
4th Title: 130 Lineal, The Ring and WBC Super Featherweight Title / 2008-03-15 / Juan Manuel Márquez / Nevada, USA / SD 12 12 (vacates)
5th Title: 135 WBC Lightweight Title / 2008-06-28 / David Díaz / Nevada, USA / TKO 9 12 (vacates)

text: List of Quintuple Champions (short) — Major Titles[edit]

text:
(1) Thomas Hearns (USA); Belts: 147, 154, 175, 160, 168 (1987-10-29)
(2) Ray Charles Leonard (USA); Belts: 147, 154, 160, 168 & 175 (1987-04-06)
(3) Oscar De La Hoya (USA); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147, 154 (1996-06-07), & 160
(4) Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (USA); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147 & 154 (2007-05-05)
(5) Manny Pacquiao (PHI); Belts: 112, 122, 126, 130, 135 (2008-06-28), 140, 147 & 154

text: List of Boxing Quintuple Champions — Minor + Major Titles[edit]

text: This list is credited for boxers who have won championships in boxing from major or minor sanctioning bodies.

text: The first column of the extreme left (Major titles only) refers to championships won from only major boxing entities: the four major sanctioning bodies (WBC, WBA, IBF, and WBO) and The Ring.

text: The second column of the extreme left (Minor and Major titles) refers to any championships won from professional 'minor' boxing associations that are not yet well respected by the general boxing fan or public at 'world' level.

text: World Titles from Minor Sanctioning Bodies

text:
Number
Name
Titles
Date
Opponent
Result
Defenses

Major Titles Only
Major and Minor Titles

1
1

 Thomas Hearns
WBA Welterweight (147)
1980-08-02
 Pipino Cuevas
TKO 2/15
?

WBC Light middleweight (154)
1982-12-03
 Wilfred Benítez
TKO 2/15
?

The Ring Light middleweight (154)
?

Lineal Light middleweight (154)
?

WBC Light heavyweight (175)
1987-03-07
 Dennis Andries
UD 12/12
?

WBC Middleweight (160)
1987-10-29
 Juan Domingo Roldán
KO 4/12
?

WBO Super-middleweight (168)
1988-11-04
 James Kinchen
MD 12/12
?

2
2

 Ray Charles Leonard
WBC Welterweight (147)
1979-11-30
 Wilfred Benítez
TKO 15/15
?

The Ring Welterweight (147)
?

Lineal Welterweight (147)
?

WBA Light middleweight (154)
1981-06-25
 Ayub Kalule
TKO 9/15
?

The Ring Junior middleweight (154)
?

Lineal Junior middleweight (154)
?

WBC Middleweight (160)
1987-04-06
 Marvin Hagler
SD 12/12
?

The Ring Middleweight (160)
?

Lineal Middleweight (160)
?

WBC Super middleweight (168)
1988-11-07
 Don Lalonde
TKO 9/12
?

WBC Light heavyweight (175)
1988-11-07
 Don Lalonde
TKO 9/12
?

N/A
3
 Lester Ellis[6]
IBF Super featherweight (130)
1985-02-15
 Hwan-Kil Yuh
SD 4/12
?

WBF Welterweight (147)
1993-02-19
 Rocky Berg
KO 2/12
?

IBO Light welterweight (140)
1994-12-03
 Al Coquilla
KO 1/12
?

IBO Lightweight (135)
1995-03-10
 Amado Cabato
UD 12/12
?

IBO Light middleweight (154)
1995-07-17
 Eric Alexander
UD 12/12
?

N/A
4
 Héctor Camacho[7]
WBC Super Featherweight (130)
1983-08-07
 Rafael Limón
TKO 5/12
2

WBC Lightweight (135)
1985-08-10
 José Luis Ramírez
UD 12/12
2

WBA Light Welterweight (140)
1989-03-06
 Ray Mancini
SD 12/12
2

International Boxing Council Welterweight (147)
1995-01-14
 Todd Foster
TKO 4/12
?

IBC Middleweight (160)
1996-06-22
 Roberto Durán
UD 12/12
?

N/A
5
 Roberto Durán[8]
WBA Lightweight (135)
1972-06-26
 Ken Buchanan
TKO 13/15
?

The Ring Lightweight (135)
?

Lineal Lightweight (135)
?

WBC Welterweight (147)
1980-06-20
 Ray Charles Leonard
UD 15/15
?

The Ring Welterweight (147)
?

Lineal Welterweight (147)
?

WBA Light middleweight (154)
1983-06-16
 Davey Moore
TKO 8/15
?

WBC Middleweight (160)
1989-02-24
 Iran Barkley
SD 12/12
?

NBA Super middleweight (168)
2000-06-16
 Pat Lawlor
UD 12/12
?

N/A
6
 James Toney[9]
IBC Middleweight (160)
1990-06-27
 Ricardo Bryant
TKO 4/12
?

IBC Super Middleweight (168)
1993-02-13
 Iran Barkley
UD 12/12
3

WBU Light Heavyweight (175)
1996-08-09
 Freddie Delgado
TKO 5/12
3

WBU Cruiserweight (190)
1997-02-22
 Mike McCallum
UD 12/12
?

IBA Super-cruiserweight (210)
2001-03-29
 Saul Montana
TKO 2/12
?

3
7

 Oscar De La Hoya
WBO Super featherweight (130)
1994-03-05
 Jimmy Bredahl
TKO 10/12
1

WBO Lightweight (135)
1995-02-18
 John-John Molina
UD 12/12
6

WBC Super lightweight (140)
1996-06-07
 Julio César Chávez
TKO 4/12
1

Lineal Super lightweight (140)
1

WBC Welterweight (147)
1997-04-12
 Pernell Whitaker
UD 12/12
7

Lineal Welterweight (147)
7

WBC Super welterweight (154)
2001-06-23
 Javier Castillejo
UD 12/12
1

The Ring Junior middleweight (154)
2002-09-14
 Fernando Vargas
TKO 11/12
1

Lineal Junior middleweight (154)
1

4
8

 Floyd Mayweather, Jr.
WBC Super featherweight (130)
1998-10-03
 Genaro Hernández
RTD 8/12
8

Lineal Super featherweight (130)
8

WBC Lightweight (135)
2002-04-20
 José Luis Castillo
UD 12/12
3

The Ring Lightweight (135)
3

Lineal Lightweight (135)
3

WBC Super lightweight (140)
2005-06-25
 Arturo Gatti
TKO 6/12
0

IBF Welterweight (147)
2006-04-08
 Zab Judah
UD 12/12
0

The Ring Welterweight (147)
2006-11-04
 Carlos Baldomir
UD 12/12
1

Lineal Welterweight (147)
1

WBC Super welterweight (154)
2007-05-05
 Oscar De La Hoya
SD 12/12
0

The Ring Super welterweight (154)
2013-09-14
 Canelo Álvarez
UD 12/12
1

Lineal Super welterweight (154)
1

5
9

 Manny Pacquiao
WBC Flyweight (112)
1998-12-04
 Chatchai Sasakul
KO 8/12
1

Lineal Flyweight (112)
1

IBF Super bantamweight (122)
2001-06-23
 Lehlohonolo Ledwaba
TKO 6/12
4

The Ring Featherweight (126)
2003-11-15
 Marco Antonio Barrera
TKO 11/12
2

Lineal Featherweight (126)
2

WBC Super featherweight (130)
2008-03-15
 Juan Manuel Márquez
SD 12/12
0

The Ring Junior lightweight (130)
0

Lineal Junior lightweight (130)
0

WBC Lightweight (135)
2008-06-28
 David Díaz
TKO 9/12
0

N/A
10

 Roy Jones, Jr.
IBF Middleweight (160)
1993-05-22
 Bernard Hopkins
UD 12/12
1

IBF Super middleweight (168)
1994-11-18
 James Toney
UD 12/12
5

WBC Light heavyweight (175)
1996-11-22
 Mike McCallum
UD 12/12
0

The Ring Light heavyweight (175)
2002-02-02
 Glen Kelly
KO 7/12
4

WBA Heavyweight (200+)
2003-03-01
 John Ruiz
UD 12/12
0

WBU Cruiserweight (200)
2013-12-21
 Zine Eddine Benmakhlouf
UD 12/12
0

text: List of Quintuple Champions (long) — Minor + Major Titles[edit]

text: (1)(1) Thomas Hearns (USA); Belts: 147, 154, 175, 160 & 168

text: (N/A)(3) Lester Ellis (AUS); Belts: 130,125,140,147 & 154 *

text:
1st Title: 130 IBF Super Featherweight Title / 1985-04-26 / Rod Sequenan / Melbourne, Australia / KO 13 15 (1 consecutive defenses)
2nd Title: 147 vacant WBF welterweight Title / 1993-02-19 / Rocky Berg / South Australia, Australia / KO 2 12
3rd Title: 140 IBO Light Welterweight Title / 1994-12-03 / Al Coquilla / Western Australia, Australia / KO 1 12
4th Title: 135 IBO Lightweight Title / 1995-03-10 / Amado Cabato / Victoria, Australia / UD 12 12
5th Title: 154 vacant IBO Light Middleweight Title / 1995-07-17 / Eric Alexander / Queensland, Australia / UD 12 12

text: (N/A)(4) Héctor Camacho (PR); Belts: 130, 135 & 140

text:
1st Title: 130 WBC Super Featherweight Title / 1983-08-07 / Rafael Limón / San Juan, Puerto Rico / TKO 5 12 (2 consecutive)
2nd Title: 135 WBC Lightweight Title / 1985-08-10 / José L. Ramírez / NV, USA / UD 12 12 (2 consecutive)
3rd Title: 140 WBO Light Welterweight Title / 1989-03-06 / Ray Mancini / NV, USA / SD 12 12 (2 consecutive)
4th Title: 147 IBC Welterweight Title / 1995-01-14 / Todd Foster / NJ, USA / TKO 4 12
5th Title: 160 vacant International Boxing Council Middleweight Title / 1996-06-22 / Roberto Durán / NJ, USA / UD 12 12

text: (N/A) (5) Roberto Durán (PAN); Belts: 135, 147, 154, 160

text:
1st Title: 135 Lineal, The Ring and WBA Lightweight Title / 1972-06-26 / Ken Buchanan / NY, USA / TKO 13 15 (12 consecutive defenses)
2nd Title: 147 Lineal, The Ring and WBC Welterweight Title / 1980-06-20 / Ray Charles Leonard / Montreal, Canada / UD 15 15 (Lost)
3rd Title: 154 WBA Super Welterweight Title / 1983-06-16 / Dave Moore / NY, USA / TKO 8 15 (Stripped)
4th title: 160 WBC Middleweight Title / 1989-02-24 / Iran Barkley / New Jersey, USA / SD 12 12 (Vacates)
5th Title: 168 NBA Super Middleweight Title / 2000-06-16 / Pat Lawlor / Panama City, Panama / UD 12 12

text: (N/A)(6) James Toney (USA); Belts: 160, 168, 190 & 210

text:
1st Title: 160 IBC World Middleweight Title / 1990-06-27 / Ricardo Bryant / MI, USA / TKO 4 12
2nd Title: 168 IBF Super Middleweight Title / 1993-02-13 / Iran Barkley / NV, USA / TKO 10 12 (3 consecutive)
3rd Title: 175 WBU Light Heavyweight Title / 1996-08-09 / Fred Delgado / CA, USA / TKO 5 12 (3 consecutive)
4th Title: 190 vacant WBU cruiserweight Title / 1997-02-22 / Mike McCallum / CT, USA / UD 12 12
5th Title: Vacant IBA Super Cruiserweight Title / 2001-03-29 / Saul Montana / Michigan, USA / TKO 2 12

text: (3)(7) Oscar De La Hoya (USA); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147, 154 & 160

text: (4)(8) Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (USA); Belts: 130,135, 140, 147 & 154

text: (5)(9) Manny Pacquiao (PHI); Belts: 112, 122, 126, 130, 135, 140, 147 & 154

text: List of Quintuple Champions (short) — Minor + Major Titles[edit]

text:
(1)(1) Thomas Hearns (USA); Belts: 147, 154, 175, 160, 168 (1987-10-29)
(2)(2) Ray Charles Leonard (USA); Belts: 147, 154, 160, 168 & 175 (1987-04-06)
(N/A)(3) Roberto Durán (PAN); Belts: 135, 147, 154, 160 & 168 (1983-06-16)
(N/A)(4) Héctor Camacho (PR); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147 & 160 (1989-03-06)
(N/A)(5) Lester Ellis (AUS); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147 & 154 (1994-12-03)
(N/A)(6) James Toney (USA); Belts: 160, 168, 175, 190 & 210 (1996-08-09)
(3)(7) Oscar De La Hoya (USA); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147, 154 (1996-06-07), & 160
(4)(8) Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (USA); Belts: 130, 135, 140, 147 & 154 (2007-05-05)
(5)(9) Manny Pacquiao (PHI); Belts: 112, 122, 126, 130, 135 (2008-06-28), 140, 147 & 154

text: Quintuple Champions that skipped weight divisions[edit]

text:
(N/A)(3) Roberto Durán (PAN); Belts: 135, 147, 154, 160 & 168 (1983-06-16) — Durán skipped the super lightweight(140) division.
(5)(9) Manny Pacquiao (PHI); Belts: 112, 122, 126, 130, 135 (2008-06-28), 140, 147 & 154 — Pacquiao skipped the super flyweight (115) and bantamweight (118) divisions.

text: Quintuple Champions that won titles in other multiple divisions[edit]

text: Some fighters of this group or club were not sastified to win just the incredible milestone of championships in five different weight divisions but to reach immortality in six and/or seven other different divisions or categories. The multiple champions who won titles in:

text:
Six divisions are called Sextuple champions (see the List of boxing sextuple champions);
Seven divisions are called Septuple champions (see the List of boxing septuple champions; and
Eight divisions are called Octuple champions (see the List of boxing octuple champions).


document_title: San Alfonso del Mar

question_text: where is the world's largest pool located

question_tokens: where is the world 's largest pool located

text: San Alfonso del Mar

text: San Alfonso del Mar is a private resort in Algarrobo, Chile, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Santiago.[1] The resort has one of the world's largest swimming pools. At the time of its construction it was the largest. [2]

text: The pool is 1,013 m (3,323 ft) long,[3] covering 8 ha (20 acres),[3] containing some 250 million litres (66 million US gallons)[4] of seawater, with a maximum depth of 11.5 ft (3.5052 m).[5] The water is pumped from the Pacific Ocean, filtered, and treated. Access to the pool is for residents only. There is no hotel at the premises, just apartments.

text: Development[edit]

text: The pool was developed by Fernando Fischmann; his Chilean company Crystal Lagoons built the pool, opening in December 2006. Early estimates put the total cost of construction at about US$3.5 million for the filtration system alone.[6][7]


document_title: The Outsiders (film)

question_text: who does emilio estevez play in the outsiders

text: The Outsiders (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Tulsa, Oklahoma, greasers are a gang of tough, low-income working-class teens. They include Ponyboy Curtis and his two older brothers, Sodapop and Darrel, as well as Johnny Cade, Dallas Winston, Two-Bit Matthews, and Steve Randle. Their rivalry is with the Socs, a gang of wealthier kids from the other side of town. Two Socs, Bob Sheldon and Randy Anderson, confront Johnny, Ponyboy, and Two-Bit, who are talking to the Socs' girlfriends, Cherry and Marcia, at a drive-in theater. The girls defuse the situation by going home with the Socs. Later that night, Ponyboy and Johnny are attacked in a park by Bob, Randy, and three other Socs. They begin dunking Ponyboy in a fountain attempting to drown him, but Johnny pulls out his switchblade and stabs Bob to death.

text: On the advice of Dallas, and the fact that murderers in Oklahoma will be executed in the electric chair, Ponyboy and Johnny flee on a cargo train, and hide out in an abandoned church in Windrixville. Both boys cut their hair and Ponyboy bleaches his with peroxide in order to mask their descriptions. To pass time, the boys play poker and Ponyboy reads Gone with the Wind and quotes the Robert Frost poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay". After a few days, Dallas arrives with news that Cherry has offered to support the boys in court, that he told the police that Johnny and Pony were in Texas, and gives Pony a note from Sodapop. They go out to get something to eat, then return to find the church on fire with children trapped inside. The Greasers turn into heroes as they rescue the kids from the burning church. It doesn't take long for Ponyboy and Dally to heal up. Johnny, on the other hand, ends up with a broken back and severe burns. The boys are praised for their heroism, but Johnny is charged with manslaughter for killing Bob, while Ponyboy may be sent to a boys' home.

text: Bob's death has sparked calls from the Socs for "a rumble," which the Greasers win. Dallas drives Ponyboy to the hospital to visit Johnny. Johnny is unimpressed by the victory, and dies after telling Ponyboy to "stay gold," referring to the Frost poem. Unable to bear Johnny's death, Dallas wanders through the hospital, pretending to shoot a doctor with his unloaded gun, which clicks harmlessly. He then robs a grocery store with the same gun, but he is shot and wounded by the owner as he flees. Pursued by the police, Dallas is surrounded in a park and the police kill him after he repeatedly refuses to drop his unloaded gun. Ponyboy is eventually cleared of wrongdoing in Bob's death and allowed to stay with his brothers. Turning the pages of Johnny's copy of Gone with the Wind, Ponyboy finds a letter from Johnny saying that saving the children was worth sacrificing his own life. The story ends with Ponyboy writing a school report about his experiences.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
C. Thomas Howell as Ponyboy Curtis
Matt Dillon as Dallas "Dally" Winston
Ralph Macchio as Johnny Cade
Patrick Swayze as Darrel "Darry" Curtis
Rob Lowe as Sodapop Curtis
Emilio Estevez as Two-Bit Matthews
Tom Cruise as Steve Randle
Glenn Withrow as Tim Shepard
Diane Lane as Sherri "Cherry" Valance
Leif Garrett as Robert "Bob" Sheldon
Darren Dalton as Randy Anderson
Michelle Meyrink as Marcia
Tom Waits as Buck Merrill

text: Production[edit]

text: Francis Ford Coppola had not intended to make a film about teen angst until Jo Ellen Misakian, a school librarian from Lone Star Elementary School in Fresno, California, wrote to him on behalf of her seventh and eighth grade students about adapting The Outsiders.[4] When Coppola read the book, he was moved not only to adapt and direct it, but to follow it the next year by adapting Hinton's novel Rumble Fish. The latter film's cast also included Matt Dillon, Diane Lane, and Glenn Withrow.

text: The film was shot on location in Tulsa, Oklahoma.[5] Coppola filmed The Outsiders and Rumble Fish back-to-back in 1982—a newspaper, used to show a story about the three greasers saving the kids in The Outsiders, includes a real story from 1982 regarding the death of a man hit by a train in Boston.[6] He wrote the screenplay for the latter while on days off from shooting the former. Many of the same locations were used in both films, as were many of the same cast and crew members. The credits are shown at the beginning of the film in the style normally found in a published play.

text: Coppola's craving for realism almost led to disaster during the church-burning scene. He pressed for "more fire", and the small, controlled blaze accidentally triggered a much larger, uncontrolled fire, which a downpour doused.[7]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes has a rating of 63% based on 38 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The site's consensus reads, "The cracks continue to show in Coppola's directorial style, but The Outsiders remains a blustery, weird, and fun adaptation of the classic novel."[1] Roger Ebert awarded the film two and a half out of four stars, citing problems with Coppola's vision, "the characters wind up like pictures, framed and hanging on the screen."[8]

text: Authors Janet Hirshenson and Jane Jenkins, in a 2007 book, wrote that the film's realistic portrayal of poor teenagers "created a new kind of filmmaking, especially about teenagers — a more naturalistic look at how young people talk, act, and experience the world. This movie was one of the few Hollywood offerings to deal realistically with kids from the wrong side of the tracks, and to portray honestly children whose parents had abused, neglected, or otherwise failed them."[9]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Outsiders was nominated for four Young Artist Awards, given annually since 1978 by the Young Artist Foundation. C. Thomas Howell won for "Best Young Motion Picture Actor in a Feature Film". Diane Lane was nominated for "Best Young Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture". The film was nominated for "Best Family Feature Motion Picture".[10] Francis Ford Coppola was nominated for the Golden Prize at the 13th Moscow International Film Festival.[11]

text: "The Complete Novel" re-release[edit]

text: In September 2005, Coppola re-released the film on DVD, including 22 minutes of additional footage and new music, as The Outsiders: The Complete Novel. Coppola re-inserted some deleted scenes to make the film more faithful to the book. At the beginning of the film, he added scenes where Ponyboy gets stalked and jumped, the gang talks about going to the movies, Sodapop and Ponyboy talking in their room and Dally, Pony and Johnny bum around before going to the movies. In the end, Coppola added the scenes taking place in court, Mr. Syme talking to Ponyboy, and Sodapop, Ponyboy and Darry in the park. Also, much of the original score was replaced with music popular in the 1960s as well as new music composed by Michael Seifert and Dave Padrutt. The film was re-rated by the MPAA as PG-13 for "violence, teen drinking and smoking, and some sexual references".[12]

text: The director also removed several scenes in order to improve pacing, but they could be found on the second disc as additional scenes. In addition, Swayze, Macchio, Lane, and Howell gathered at Coppola's estate to watch the re-release, and their commentary is included on the DVD. Dillon and Lowe provided separate commentary.

text: A Blu-ray edition of The Outsiders: The Complete Novel was released in Region 1 on June 3, 2014.[13]

text: Music[edit]

text: The original film score was composed by the director's father, Carmine Coppola; the main theme, "Stay Gold", was sung by Stevie Wonder. The original soundtrack included one rock song, Them's "Gloria".

text: Sequel TV series[edit]

text: A television series based on the characters of the novel and film aired in 1990. It consists of a different cast playing the same characters. It picks up right after the events of the film's ending but lasted only one season.