document_title: Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai

question_text: jab pyar kisise hota hai old movie songs

text: Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai

text: Plot[edit]

text: Nisha belongs to a very wealthy family of Neelgaon, India. She is now of marriageable age, and her businessman dad, Sardar Roop Singh wants her to marry his friend's son, Sohan, but Nisha dislikes him. While traveling to Darjeeling with a dance troupe, she meets with her dad's business associates' son, Popat Lal, and after a few misadventures, both fall in love with each other. She takes him to meet her dad where he can also finalize his business transaction, but when Roop comes inside, he finds that Popat has disappeared, and in his place is another man claiming to be the real Popat. Nisha's heart is broken and she starts to hate Popat. She does meet with Popat, who tells her that his real name is Sunder and both had been promised to each other by their respective parents, but Roop had subsequently changed his mind. Nisha believes him and agrees to marry him without her father's blessings. When the marriage is to take place, a man named Khanna comes over and tells Nisha that Sunder is already married to woman named Shanti, who he subsequently killed, and had been the primary accused in this case by the police. Watch what impact this news has on the marriage, and see what excuses Sunder now comes up with.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dev Anand... Sunder / Popat Lal / Monto
Asha Parekh ... Nisha R. Singh
Sulochana Latkar ... Malti
Mubarak ... Sardar Roop Singh
Raj Mehra ... Khanna
Wasti ... Shanti
Rajendra Nath ... Popat Lal / Charlie
Tahir Hussain (as Tahir Husain)
Dulari ... Roop Singh's sister
Bishan Khanna
Ram Avtar
Pran ... Sohan Mofat Lal

tag: ul

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The music was by Shankar Jaikishan, and interestingly, the whole soundtrack was sung only by Mohammed Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar. Many of the songs went on to become classics and are still remembered even now, particularly, "Jiya O Jiya" and "Teri Zulphon Se Judai", sung by Mohammad Rafi, were big hits as well as "Sau Saal Pehle", by Mohammad Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar. "Sau Saal Pehle" was later used in the Tamil film Vallavanukku Vallavan as "Manam Ennum".[2]

text:
Song
Singer(s)
Lyrics
Picturized on

01. "Jiya O Jiya"
Mohammed Rafi
Hasrat Jaipuri
Picturized on Dev Anand and Asha Parekh

02. "Yeh Aankhen Uff Yun Maa"
Mohammed Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar
Hasrat Jaipuri
Picturized on Dev Anand and Asha Parekh

03. "Sau Saal Pehle"
Mohammed Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar
Hasrat Jaipuri
Picturized on Dev Anand and Asha Parekh

04. "Tum Jaise Bigade Babu Se"
Lata Mangeshkar
Hasrat Jaipuri
Picturized on Asha Parekh

05. "Teri Zulfon Se Judai"
Mohammed Rafi
Hasrat Jaipuri
Picturized on Dev Anand and Asha Parekh

06. "Bin Dekhe Aur Bin Pehchane"
Mohammad Rafi
Shailendra
Picturized on Dev Ananad

07. "Nazar Mere Dil Pe"
Lata Mangeshkar
Shailendra
Picturized on Asha Parekh

08. "Jiya O Jiya"
Lata Mangeshkar
Hasrat Jaipuri
Picturized on Dev Anand and Asha Parekh


document_title: Blood type distribution by country

question_text: what is the least common blood type in the usa

root

text: Blood type distribution by country

text: ABO and distribution by country[edit]

text: This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on Talk:Blood type distribution by country. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
ABO and Rh blood type distribution by country (population averages)

Country
Population[1]
O+
A+
B+
AB+
O−
A−
B−
AB−

 Argentina
44,270,440
45.4%
34.26%
8.59%
2.64%
8.4%
0.44%
0.21%
0.06%

 Armenia[2]
2,931,568
29.0%
46.3%
12.0%
5.6%
2.0%
3.7%
1.0%
0.4%

 Australia[3]
24,642,693
40.0%
31.0%
8.0%
2.0%
9.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Austria[4]
8,592,470
30.0%
33.0%
12.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Bahrain
1,418,695
48.48%
19.35%
22.61%
3.67%
3.27%
1.33%
1.04%
0.25%

 Bangladesh
164,833,667
31.18%
21.44%
34.58%
8.85%
1.39%
0.96%
0.96%
0.64%

 Belgium[5]
11,444,053
38.0%
34.0%
8.6%
4.1%
7.0%
6.0%
1.5%
0.8%

 Bolivia
11,053,376
51.53%
29.45%
10.11%
1.15%
4.39%
2.73%
0.54%
0.1%

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
3,792,730
31.0%
36.0%
12.0%
6.0%
5.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Brazil[6]
211,248,418
36.0%
34.0%
8.0%
2.5%
9.0%
8.0%
2.0%
0.5%

 Bulgaria
7,045,097
28.0%
37.0%
13.0%
7.0%
5.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Cambodia
16,077,172
46.7%
27.2%
18.5%
4.9%
1.3%
0.8%
0.5%
0.1%

 Cameroon
24,515,533
42.8%
38.8%
12.0%
3.3%
1.4%
1.2%
0.4%
0.1%

 Canada[7]
36,627,140
39.0%
36.0%
7.6%
2.5%
7.0%
6.0%
1.4%
0.5%

 Chile
18,314,060
85.5%
8.7%
3.35%
1.0%
1.2%
0.1%
0.05%
0.1%

 China
1,388,251,023
47.7%
27.8%
18.9%
5.0%
0.28%
0.19%
0.1%
0.03%

 Colombia
49,069,267
61.3%
26.11%
2.28%
1.47%
5.13%
2.7%
0.7%
0.31%

 Côte d'Ivoire
23,869,656
46.5%
22.5%
22.5%
4.3%
2.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.2%

 Croatia
4,207,355
29.0%
36.0%
15.0%
5.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Cuba
11,486,750
45.8%
33.5%
10.2%
2.9%
3.6%
2.8%
1.0%
0.2%

 Cyprus[8]
1,189,395
35.22%
40.35%
11.11%
4.72%
3.85%
3.48%
0.87%
0.40%

 Czech Republic[9]
10,555,152
27.0%
36.0%
15.0%
7.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Denmark[10]
5,711,902
35.0%
37.0%
8.0%
4.0%
6.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Dominican Republic
10,766,932
46.2%
26.4%
16.9%
3.1%
3.7%
2.1%
1.4%
0.2%

 Ecuador
16,665,756
75.0%
14.0%
7.1%
0.5%
2.38%
0.7%
0.3%
0.02%

 Egypt
95,220,838
52.0%
24.0%
12.4%
3.8%
5.0%
2.0%
0.6%
0.2%

 El Salvador[11]
6,171,483
62.0%
23.0%
11.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.7%
0.3%

 Estonia[12]
1,305,745
29.5%
30.8%
20.7%
6.3%
4.3%
4.5%
3.0%
0.9%

 Ethiopia
104,352,727
39.0%
28.0%
21.0%
5.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
1.0%

 Finland[13]
5,541,328
27.0%
38.0%
15.0%
7.0%
4.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 France[14]
64,939,560
36.0%
37.0%
9.0%
3.0%
6.0%
7.0%
1.0%
1.0%

 Germany
80,635,980
35.0%
37.0%
9.0%
4.0%
6.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Greece
10,892,849
37.4%
32.9%
11.0%
3.7%
7.0%
5.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Guinea
13,291,741
46.88%
21.64%
22.86%
4.52%
2.0%
0.9%
1.0%
0.2%

 Honduras
9,348,898
57.5%
27.0%
7.8%
2.5%
2.7%
1.7%
0.6%
0.2%

 Hong Kong
7,402,115
41.5%
26.13%
25.34%
6.35%
0.32%
0.17%
0.14%
0.05%

 Hungary
9,787,801
27.0%
33.0%
16.0%
8.0%
5.0%
7.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Iceland[15]
334,311
47.6%
26.4%
9.3%
1.6%
8.4%
4.6%
1.7%
0.4%

 India[16]
1,342,561,902
27.85%
20.8%
38.14%
8.93%
1.43%
0.57%
1.79%
0.49%

 Indonesia
263,519,317
36.82%
25.87%
28.85%
7.96%
0.18%
0.13%
0.15%
0.04%

 Iran
80,982,137
33.5%
27.0%
22.2%
7.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.5%
0.8%

 Iraq
38,657,787
32.1%
25.0%
25.6%
7.4%
3.6%
2.7%
2.7%
0.9%

 Ireland[17]
4,749,263
47.0%
26.0%
9.0%
2.0%
8.0%
5.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Israel[18]
8,323,659
32.0%
34.0%
17.0%
7.0%
3.0%
4.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Italy
59,797,969
39.0%
36.0%
7.5%
2.5%
7.0%
6.0%
1.5%
0.5%

 Jamaica[19]
2,813,316
47.0%
23.0%
20.0%
3.0%
3.5%
2.0%
1.0%
0.5%

 Japan[20]
126,044,340
29.9%
39.8%
19.9%
9.9%
0.15%
0.2%
0.1%
0.05%

 Kenya
48,470,780
45.6%
25.2%
21.28%
4.2%
1.8%
1.0%
0.9%
0.02%

 Latvia
1,944,122
30.6%
31.0%
17.0%
6.0%
5.4%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Lebanon
6,039,438
38.4%
32.3%
9.5%
3.2%
7.7%
6.5%
1.7%
0.7%

 Libya
6,408,990
42.64%
28.86%
11.19%
4.5%
6.26%
4.24%
1.64%
0.67%

 Lithuania
2,827,573
36.0%
33.0%
11.0%
4.0%
7.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Luxemburg[21]
587,297
35.0%
37.0%
9.0%
4.0%
6.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Macao
606,413
41.5%
26.1%
25.4%
6.3%
0.33%
0.17%
0.15%
0.05%

 Macedonia
2,083,690
30.0%
34.0%
15.0%
6.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Malaysia
31,165,480
34.32%
30.35%
27.37%
7.46%
0.17%
0.15%
0.14%
0.04%

 Mauritania
4,266,765
46.3%
26.68%
17.47%
3.85%
2.8%
1.6%
1.1%
0.2%

 Mauritius
1,267,303
38.3%
26.0%
25.0%
6.7%
1.7%
1.0%
1.0%
0.3%

 Mexico
130,227,836
55.79%
29.9%
8.0%
1.63%
2.7%
1.5%
0.4%
0.08%

 Mongolia
3,052,044
55.4%
27.7%
10.9%
4.96%
0.6%
0.3%
0.1%
0.04%

 Myanmar
53,507,932
35.7%
23.8%
32.7%
6.95%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.05%

   Nepal
29,188,100
35.2%
28.3%
27.1%
8.6%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%

 Netherlands[22]
17,033,012
39.5%
35.0%
6.7%
2.5%
7.5%
7.0%
1.3%
0.5%

 New Zealand[23]
4,604,996
38.0%
32.0%
9.0%
3.0%
9.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Nigeria
191,851,411
51.3%
22.4%
20.7%
2.6%
1.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.1%

 Norway[24]
5,330,986
33.0%
41.5%
6.8%
3.4%
6.0%
7.5%
1.2%
0.6%

 North Korea
25,432,033
27.15%
31.08%
30.15%
11.32%
0.08%
0.1%
0.1%
0.03%

 Pakistan
180,440,005
24.63%
20.6%
34.40%
9.52%
4.17%
2.66%
3.57%
0.45%

 Papua New Guinea
7,952,511
48.0%
37.2%
9.6%
2.8%
1.0%
0.8%
0.4%
0.2%

 Peru
32,167,717
70.0%
18.4%
7.8%
1.6%
1.4%
0.5%
0.28%
0.02%

 Philippines[25]
103,801,747
36.9%
28.9%
26.9%
6.97%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.03%

 Poland[26]
38,563,480
31.0%
32.0%
15.0%
7.0%
6.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Portugal[27]
10,264,672
36.3%
40.0%
6.6%
2.9%
6.0%
6.6%
1.1%
0.5%

 Republic of Moldova[28]
4,043,722
28.5%
31.8%
17.6%
7.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.1%

 Romania
19,237,087
28.0%
37.0%
14.0%
7.0%
5.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Russia
143,374,801
28.0%
30.0%
20.0%
7.0%
4.9%
5.8%
3.2%
1.1%

 Saudi Arabia[29]
32,744,532
47.8%
23.9%
17.0%
4.0%
4.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.3%

 Serbia
8,776,827
31.92%
35.28%
12.6%
4.2%
6.08%
6.72%
2.4%
0.8%

 Singapore
5,784,819
43.6%
23.9%
24.4%
6.0%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.1%

 Slovakia[30]
5,432,265
27.2%
35.7%
15.3%
6.8%
4.8%
6.3%
2.7%
1.2%

 Slovenia
2,071,258
31.0%
33.0%
12.0%
6.0%
7.0%
7.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 South Africa[31]
55,437,815
39.0%
32.0%
12.0%
3.0%
6.0%
5.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 South Korea
50,748,307
27.9%
33.87%
26.92%
10.98%
0.1%
0.13%
0.08%
0.02%

 Spain[32]
46,070,163
36.0%
34.0%
8.0%
2.5%
9.0%
8.0%
2.0%
0.5%

 Sudan
40,827,975
48.0%
27.7%
15.2%
2.8%
3.5%
1.8%
0.8%
0.2%

 Sweden[33]
9,920,843
32.0%
37.0%
10.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

  Switzerland[34]
8,454,321
35.0%
40.0%
7.0%
3.0%
6.0%
7.0%
1.0%
1.0%

 Syria
18,920,698
43.0%
30.0%
14.0%
3.7%
5.0%
3.0%
1.0%
0.3%

 Taiwan
23,234,936
43.9%
25.9%
23.9%
6.0%
0.17%
0.1%
0.01%
0.02%

 Thailand
68,298,027
40.8%
16.9%
36.8%
4.97%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.03%

 Turkey[35]
80,420,065
29.8%
37.8%
14.2%
7.2%
3.9%
4.7%
1.6%
0.8%

 Uganda
43,276,492
43.7%
39.0%
10.7%
3.9%
1.3%
1.0%
0.3%
0.1%

 Ukraine
44,404,078
32.0%
34.0%
15.0%
5.0%
5.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 United Arab Emirates
3,398,017
44.1%
21.9%
20.9%
4.3%
4.3%
2.1%
2.0%
0.4%

 United Kingdom[36]
65,512,375
37.0%
35.0%
8.0%
3.0%
7.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 United States[37]
326,481,533
37.4%
35.7%
8.5%
3.4%
6.6%
6.3%
1.5%
0.6%

 Venezuela[38]
32,011,082
58.5%
28.3%
5.3%
1.8%
3.5%
1.7%
0.7%
0.2%

 Vietnam
95,414,640
41.7%
21.9%
30.8%
4.98%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.02%

 Zimbabwe
16,642,880
63.3%
18.5%
14.6%
0.99%
1.7%
0.5%
0.4%
0.01%

World
6,635,281,257
38.67%
27.42%
22.02%
5.88%
2.55%
1.99%
1.11%
0.36%

text: 50.0% and above   40.0–49.9%   30.0–39.9%   20.0–29.9%   10.0–19.9%   5.0–9.9%

text:
[show]Ethnic distribution of ABO (without Rh) blood types[39]
(This table has more entries than the table above but does not distinguish between Rh types.)

People group
O (%)
A (%)
B (%)
AB (%)

Aboriginal people
61
39
0
0

Abyssinians
43
27
25
5

Ainu (Japan)
17
32
32
18

Albanians
38
43
13
6

Grand Andamanese
9
60
23
9

Arabs
34
31
29
6

Armenians
31
50
13
6

Asian Americans
40
28
27
5

Austrians
36
44
13
6

Bantus
46
30
19
5

Basques
51
44
4
1

Belgians
47
42
8
3

Bororo (Brazil)
100
0
0
0

Brazilians
47
41
9
3

Bulgarians
32
44
15
8

Burmese
36
24
33
7

Buryats (Siberia)
33
21
38
8

Bushmen
56
34
9
2

Chinese-Canton
46
23
25
6

Chinese-Peking
29
27
32
13

Chuvash
30
29
33
7

Croats
42
34
17
7

Czechs
30
44
18
9

Danes
41
44
11
4

Dutch
45
43
9
3

Egyptians
33
36
24
8

English
47
42
9
3

Inuit (Alaska)
38
44
13
5

Inuit (Greenland)
54
36
23
8

Estonians
34
36
23
8

Fijians
44
34
17
6

Finns
34
41
18
7

French
43
47
7
3

Georgians
46
37
12
4

Germans
41
43
11
5

Greeks
40
42
14
5

Romani people (Hungary)
29
27
35
10

Hawaiians
37
61
2
1

Hindus (Bombay)
29
25
35
11

Hungarians
36
43
16
5

Icelanders
56
32
10
3

Indians (India)
29
21
40
9

Native Americans
79
16
4
1

Irish
52
35
10
3

Italians (Milan)
46
41
11
3

Japanese
30
38
22
10

Jews (Germany)
42
41
12
5

Jews (Poland)
33
41
18
8

Kalmuks
26
23
41
11

Kikuyu (Kenya)
60
19
20
1

Koreans
28
32
31
10

Sami people
29
63
4
4

Latvians
32
37
24
7

Lithuanians
40
34
20
6

Malays
62
18
20
0

Māori
46
54
1
0

Mayans
98
1
1
1

Moros
64
16
20
0

Navajo Indians
73
27
0
0

Nicobarese
74
9
15
1

Norwegians
39
50
8
4

Papuans (New Guinea)
41
27
23
9

Persians
38
33
22
7

Peruvian Indians
100
0
0
0

Filipinos
45
22
27
6

Poles
33
39
20
9

Portuguese
35
53
8
4

Romanians
33
43
16
8

Russians
33
36
23
8

Sardinians
50
26
19
5

Scots
51
34
12
3

Serbians
38
42
16
5

Shompen Nicobarese
100
0
0
0

Slovaks
42
37
16
5

South Africans
45
40
11
4

Spanish
38
47
10
5

Sudanese
62
16
21
0

Swedish
38
47
10
5

Swiss
40
50
7
3

Tatars
28
30
29
13

Thais
37
22
33
8

Turks
43
34
18
6

Ukrainians
37
40
18
6

Black Americans
49
27
20
4

White Americans
45
40
11
4

Vietnamese
42
22
30
5

Mean
43.91
34.80
16.55
5.14

Standard deviation
16.87
13.80
9.97
3.41

text: Blood group B has its highest frequency in South Asia where it ranks first as the largest share of the earth's population. In Southeast Asia the share of the population is high, especially in Thailand and Indonesia, then in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single digit percentages in Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland.[40][41] It is believed to have been entirely absent from Native American and Australian Aboriginal populations prior to the arrival of Europeans in those areas.[41][42]

text: Blood group A is associated with high frequencies in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and Central Europe, although its highest frequencies occur in some Australian Aboriginal populations and the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, the US.[43][44]

text: Maps of allele ABO among native populations[edit]

text:
Map of allele A
among native populations

Map of allele B
among native populations

Map of allele O
among native populations


document_title: Natural and legal rights

question_text: according to locke how many types of natural rights

text: Natural and legal rights

text: History[edit]

text: The idea that certain rights are natural or inalienable also has a history dating back at least to the Stoics of late Antiquity and Catholic law of the early Middle Ages, and descending through the Protestant Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment to today.[citation needed]

text: The existence of natural rights has been asserted by different individuals on different premises, such as a priori philosophical reasoning or religious principles. For example, Immanuel Kant claimed to derive natural rights through reason alone. The United States Declaration of Independence, meanwhile, is based upon the "self-evident" truth that "all men are … endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights".[7]

text: Likewise, different philosophers and statesmen have designed different lists of what they believe to be natural rights; almost all include the right to life and liberty as the two highest priorities. H. L. A. Hart argued that if there are any rights at all, there must be the right to liberty, for all the others would depend upon this. T. H. Green argued that “if there are such things as rights at all, then, there must be a right to life and liberty, or, to put it more properly to free life.”[8] John Locke emphasized "life, liberty and property" as primary. However, despite Locke's influential defense of the right of revolution, Thomas Jefferson substituted "pursuit of happiness" in place of "property" in the United States Declaration of Independence.

text: Ancient[edit]

text: Stephen Kinzer, a veteran journalist for The New York Times and the author of the book All The Shah's Men, writes in the latter that:

text: The Zoroastrian religion taught Iranians that citizens have an inalienable right to enlightened leadership and that the duty of subjects is not simply to obey wise kings but also to rise up against those who are wicked. Leaders are seen as representative of God on earth, but they deserve allegiance only as long as they have farr, a kind of divine blessing that they must earn by moral behavior.

text: The Stoics held that no one was a slave by nature; slavery was an external condition juxtaposed to the internal freedom of the soul (sui juris). Seneca the Younger wrote:

text: It is a mistake to imagine that slavery pervades a man's whole being; the better part of him is exempt from it: the body indeed is subjected and in the power of a master, but the mind is independent, and indeed is so free and wild, that it cannot be restrained even by this prison of the body, wherein it is confined.[9]

text: Of fundamental importance to the development of the idea of natural rights was the emergence of the idea of natural human equality. As the historian A.J. Carlyle notes: "There is no change in political theory so startling in its completeness as the change from the theory of Aristotle to the later philosophical view represented by Cicero and Seneca.... We think that this cannot be better exemplified than with regard to the theory of the equality of human nature."[10] Charles H. McIlwain likewise observes that "the idea of the equality of men is the profoundest contribution of the Stoics to political thought" and that "its greatest influence is in the changed conception of law that in part resulted from it."[11] Cicero argues in De Legibus that "we are born for Justice, and that right is based, not upon opinions, but upon Nature."[12]

text: Modern[edit]

text: One of the first Western thinkers to develop the contemporary idea of natural rights was French theologian Jean Gerson, whose 1402 treatise De Vita Spirituali Animae is considered one of the first attempts to develop what would come to be called modern natural rights theory.[13]

text: Centuries later, the Stoic doctrine that the "inner part cannot be delivered into bondage"[14] re-emerged in the Reformation doctrine of liberty of conscience. Martin Luther wrote:

text: Furthermore, every man is responsible for his own faith, and he must see it for himself that he believes rightly. As little as another can go to hell or heaven for me, so little can he believe or disbelieve for me; and as little as he can open or shut heaven or hell for me, so little can he drive me to faith or unbelief. Since, then, belief or unbelief is a matter of every one's conscience, and since this is no lessening of the secular power, the latter should be content and attend to its own affairs and permit men to believe one thing or another, as they are able and willing, and constrain no one by force.[15]

text: 17th-century English philosopher John Locke discussed natural rights in his work, identifying them as being "life, liberty, and estate (property)", and argued that such fundamental rights could not be surrendered in the social contract. Preservation of the natural rights to life, liberty, and property was claimed as justification for the rebellion of the American colonies. As George Mason stated in his draft for the Virginia Declaration of Rights, "all men are born equally free," and hold "certain inherent natural rights, of which they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity."[16] Another 17th-century Englishman, John Lilburne (known as Freeborn John), who came into conflict with both the monarchy of King Charles I and the military dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell governed republic, argued for level human basic rights he called "freeborn rights" which he defined as being rights that every human being is born with, as opposed to rights bestowed by government or by human law.

text: The distinction between alienable and unalienable rights was introduced by Francis Hutcheson. In his Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (1725), Hutcheson foreshadowed the Declaration of Independence, stating: “For wherever any Invasion is made upon unalienable Rights, there must arise either a perfect, or external Right to Resistance. . . . Unalienable Rights are essential Limitations in all Governments.” Hutcheson, however, placed clear limits on his notion of unalienable rights, declaring that “there can be no Right, or Limitation of Right, inconsistent with, or opposite to the greatest publick Good."[17] Hutcheson elaborated on this idea of unalienable rights in his A System of Moral Philosophy (1755), based on the Reformation principle of the liberty of conscience. One could not in fact give up the capacity for private judgment (e.g., about religious questions) regardless of any external contracts or oaths to religious or secular authorities so that right is "unalienable." Hutcheson wrote: "Thus no man can really change his sentiments, judgments, and inward affections, at the pleasure of another; nor can it tend to any good to make him profess what is contrary to his heart. The right of private judgment is therefore unalienable."[18]

text: In the German Enlightenment, Hegel gave a highly developed treatment of this inalienability argument. Like Hutcheson, Hegel based the theory of inalienable rights on the de facto inalienability of those aspects of personhood that distinguish persons from things. A thing, like a piece of property, can in fact be transferred from one person to another. According to Hegel, the same would not apply to those aspects that make one a person:

text: The right to what is in essence inalienable is imprescriptible, since the act whereby I take possession of my personality, of my substantive essence, and make myself a responsible being, capable of possessing rights and with a moral and religious life, takes away from these characteristics of mine just that externality which alone made them capable of passing into the possession of someone else. When I have thus annulled their externality, I cannot lose them through lapse of time or from any other reason drawn from my prior consent or willingness to alienate them.[19]

text: In discussion of social contract theory, "inalienable rights" were said to be those rights that could not be surrendered by citizens to the sovereign. Such rights were thought to be natural rights, independent of positive law. Some social contract theorists reasoned, however, that in the natural state only the strongest could benefit from their rights. Thus, people form an implicit social contract, ceding their natural rights to the authority to protect the people from abuse, and living henceforth under the legal rights of that authority.

text: Many historical apologies for slavery and illiberal government were based on explicit or implicit voluntary contracts to alienate any "natural rights" to freedom and self-determination.[20] The de facto inalienability arguments of Hutcheson and his predecessors provided the basis for the anti-slavery movement to argue not simply against involuntary slavery but against any explicit or implied contractual forms of slavery. Any contract that tried to legally alienate such a right would be inherently invalid. Similarly, the argument was used by the democratic movement to argue against any explicit or implied social contracts of subjection (pactum subjectionis) by which a people would supposedly alienate their right of self-government to a sovereign as, for example, in Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes. According to Ernst Cassirer,

text: There is, at least, one right that cannot be ceded or abandoned: the right to personality...They charged the great logician [Hobbes] with a contradiction in terms. If a man could give up his personality he would cease being a moral being. … There is no pactum subjectionis, no act of submission by which man can give up the state of free agent and enslave himself. For by such an act of renunciation he would give up that very character which constitutes his nature and essence: he would lose his humanity.[21]

text: These themes converged in the debate about American Independence. While Jefferson was writing the Declaration of Independence, Richard Price in England sided with the Americans' claim "that Great Britain is attempting to rob them of that liberty to which every member of society and all civil communities have a natural and unalienable title."[22]:67 Price again based the argument on the de facto inalienability of "that principle of spontaneity or self-determination which constitutes us agents or which gives us a command over our actions, rendering them properly ours, and not effects of the operation of any foreign cause."[22]:67–68 Any social contract or compact allegedly alienating these rights would be non-binding and void, wrote Price:

text: Neither can any state acquire such an authority over other states in virtue of any compacts or cessions. This is a case in which compacts are not binding. Civil liberty is, in this respect, on the same footing with religious liberty. As no people can lawfully surrender their religious liberty by giving up their right of judging for themselves in religion, or by allowing any human beings to prescribe to them what faith they shall embrace, or what mode of worship they shall practise, so neither can any civil societies lawfully surrender their civil liberty by giving up to any extraneous jurisdiction their power of legislating for themselves and disposing their property.[22]:78–79

text:
Price raised a furor of opposition so in 1777 he wrote another tract that clarified his position and again restated the de facto basis for the argument that the "liberty of men as agents is that power of self-determination which all agents, as such, possess."[23]
In Intellectual Origins of American Radicalism, Staughton Lynd pulled together these themes and related them to the slavery debate:

text: Then it turned out to make considerable difference whether one said slavery was wrong because every man has a natural right to the possession of his own body, or because every man has a natural right freely to determine his own destiny. The first kind of right was alienable: thus Locke neatly derived slavery from capture in war, whereby a man forfeited his labor to the conqueror who might lawfully have killed him; and thus Dred Scott was judged permanently to have given up his freedom. But the second kind of right, what Price called "that power of self-determination which all agents, as such, possess," was inalienable as long man remained man. Like the mind's quest for religious truth from which it was derived, self-determination was not a claim to ownership which might be both acquired and surrendered, but an inextricable aspect of the activity of being human.[24]

text: Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Jefferson "took his division of rights into alienable and unalienable from Hutcheson, who made the distinction popular and important",[25] and in the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence, famously condensed this to:

text: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights...

text: In the 19th century, the movement to abolish slavery seized this passage as a statement of constitutional principle, although the U.S. constitution recognized and protected slavery. As a lawyer, future Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase argued before the Supreme Court in the case of John Van Zandt, who had been charged with violating the Fugitive Slave Act, that:

text: The law of the Creator, which invests every human being with an inalienable title to freedom, cannot be repealed by any interior law which asserts that man is property.

text: The concept of inalienable rights was criticized by Jeremy Bentham and Edmund Burke as groundless. Bentham and Burke, writing in 18th century Britain, claimed that rights arise from the actions of government, or evolve from tradition, and that neither of these can provide anything inalienable. (See Bentham's "Critique of the Doctrine of Inalienable, Natural Rights", and Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France). Presaging the shift in thinking in the 19th century, Bentham famously dismissed the idea of natural rights as "nonsense on stilts". By way of contrast to the views of British nationals Burke and Bentham, the leading American revolutionary scholar James Wilson condemned Burke's view as "tyranny."[26]

text:
The signers of the Declaration of Independence deemed it a "self-evident truth" that all men "are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights".
In The Social Contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau claims that the existence of inalienable rights is unnecessary for the existence of a constitution or a set of laws and rights. This idea of a social contract – that rights and responsibilities are derived from a consensual contract between the government and the people – is the most widely recognized alternative.

text: One criticism of natural rights theory is that one cannot draw norms from facts.[27] This objection is variously expressed as the is-ought problem, the naturalistic fallacy, or the appeal to nature. G.E. Moore, for example, said that ethical naturalism falls prey to the naturalistic fallacy.[citation needed] Some defenders of natural rights theory, however, counter that the term "natural" in "natural rights" is contrasted with "artificial" rather than referring to nature. John Finnis, for example, contends that natural law and natural rights are derived from self-evident principles, not from speculative principles or from facts.[27]

text: There is also debate as to whether all rights are either natural or legal. Fourth president of the United States James Madison, while representing Virginia in the House of Representatives, believed that there are rights, such as trial by jury, that are social rights, arising neither from natural law nor from positive law (which are the basis of natural and legal rights respectively) but from the social contract from which a government derives its authority.[28]

text: Thomas Hobbes[edit]

text: Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) included a discussion of natural rights in his moral and political philosophy. Hobbes' conception of natural rights extended from his conception of man in a "state of nature". Thus he argued that the essential natural (human) right was "to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own Nature; that is to say, of his own Life; and consequently, of doing any thing, which in his own judgement, and Reason, he shall conceive to be the aptest means thereunto." (Leviathan. 1, XIV)

text: Hobbes sharply distinguished this natural "liberty", from natural "laws", described generally as "a precept, or general rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving his life; and to omit, that, by which he thinketh it may best be preserved." (Leviathan. 1, XIV)

text: In his natural state, according to Hobbes, man's life consisted entirely of liberties and not at all of laws – "It followeth, that in such a condition, every man has the right to every thing; even to one another's body. And therefore, as long as this natural Right of every man to every thing endureth, there can be no security to any man... of living out the time, which Nature ordinarily allow men to live." (Leviathan. 1, XIV)

text: This would lead inevitably to a situation known as the "war of all against all", in which human beings kill, steal and enslave others in order to stay alive, and due to their natural lust for "Gain", "Safety" and "Reputation". Hobbes reasoned that this world of chaos created by unlimited rights was highly undesirable, since it would cause human life to be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short". As such, if humans wish to live peacefully they must give up most of their natural rights and create moral obligations in order to establish political and civil society. This is one of the earliest formulations of the theory of government known as the social contract.

text: Hobbes objected to the attempt to derive rights from "natural law," arguing that law ("lex") and right ("jus") though often confused, signify opposites, with law referring to obligations, while rights refer to the absence of obligations. Since by our (human) nature, we seek to maximize our well being, rights are prior to law, natural or institutional, and people will not follow the laws of nature without first being subjected to a sovereign power, without which all ideas of right and wrong are meaningless – "Therefore before the names of Just and Unjust can have place, there must be some coercive Power, to compel men equally to the performance of their Covenants..., to make good that Propriety, which by mutual contract men acquire, in recompense of the universal Right they abandon: and such power there is none before the erection of the Commonwealth." (Leviathan. 1, XV)

text: This marked an important departure from medieval natural law theories which gave precedence to obligations over rights.

text: John Locke[edit]

text: John Locke (1632 – 1704) was another prominent Western philosopher who conceptualized rights as natural and inalienable. Like Hobbes, Locke believed in a natural right to life, liberty, and property. It was once conventional wisdom that Locke greatly influenced the American Revolutionary War with his writings of natural rights, but this claim has been the subject of protracted dispute in recent decades. For example, the historian Ray Forrest Harvey declared that Jefferson and Locke were at "two opposite poles" in their political philosophy, as evidenced by Jefferson’s use in the Declaration of Independence of the phrase "pursuit of happiness" instead of "property."[29] More recently, the eminent[30] legal historian John Phillip Reid has deplored contemporary scholars’ "misplaced emphasis on John Locke," arguing that American revolutionary leaders saw Locke as a commentator on established constitutional principles.[31][32] Thomas Pangle has defended Locke's influence on the Founding, claiming that historians who argue to the contrary either misrepresent the classical republican alternative to which they say the revolutionary leaders adhered, do not understand Locke, or point to someone else who was decisively influenced by Locke.[33] This position has also been sustained by Michael Zuckert.[34][35][36]

text: According to Locke there are three natural rights:

text:
Life: everyone is entitled to live.[37]
Liberty: everyone is entitled to do anything they want to so long as it doesn't conflict with the first right.
Estate: everyone is entitled to own all they create or gain through gift or trade so long as it doesn't conflict with the first two rights.

text: In developing his concept of natural rights, Locke was influenced by reports of society among Native Americans, whom he regarded as "natural peoples" who lived in a state of liberty and "near prefect freedom", but not license.[38]  It also informed his conception of social contract.

text: The social contract is an agreement between members of a country to live within a shared system of laws. Specific forms of government are the result of the decisions made by these persons acting in their collective capacity. Government is instituted to make laws that protect these three natural rights. If a government does not properly protect these rights, it can be overthrown.

text: Thomas Paine[edit]

text: Thomas Paine (1731–1809) further elaborated on natural rights in his influential work Rights of Man (1791), emphasizing that rights cannot be granted by any charter because this would legally imply they can also be revoked and under such circumstances they would be reduced to privileges:

text: It is a perversion of terms to say that a charter gives rights. It operates by a contrary effect – that of taking rights away. Rights are inherently in all the inhabitants; but charters, by annulling those rights, in the majority, leave the right, by exclusion, in the hands of a few. … They...consequently are instruments of injustice.

text: The fact therefore must be that the individuals themselves, each in his own personal and sovereign right, entered into a compact with each other to produce a government: and this is the only mode in which governments have a right to arise, and the only principle on which they have a right to exist.

text: American individualist anarchists[edit]

text: While at first American individualist anarchists adhered to natural rights positions, later in this era led by Benjamin Tucker, some abandoned natural rights positions and converted to Max Stirner's Egoist anarchism. Rejecting the idea of moral rights, Tucker said there were only two rights: "the right of might" and "the right of contract".[citation needed] He also said, after converting to Egoist individualism, "In times past... it was my habit to talk glibly of the right of man to land. It was a bad habit, and I long ago sloughed it off.... Man's only right to land is his might over it."[39]

text: According to Wendy McElroy:

text: In adopting Stirnerite egoism (1886), Tucker rejected natural rights which had long been considered the foundation of libertarianism. This rejection galvanized the movement into fierce debates, with the natural rights proponents accusing the egoists of destroying libertarianism itself. So bitter was the conflict that a number of natural rights proponents withdrew from the pages of Liberty in protest even though they had hitherto been among its frequent contributors. Thereafter, Liberty championed egoism although its general content did not change significantly.[40]

text: Several periodicals were "undoubtedly influenced by Liberty's presentation of egoism, including I published by C.L. Swartz, edited by W.E. Gordak and J.W. Lloyd (all associates of Liberty); The Ego and The Egoist, both of which were edited by Edward H. Fulton. Among the egoist papers that Tucker followed were the German Der Eigene, edited by Adolf Brand, and The Eagle and The Serpent, issued from London. The latter, the most prominent English-language egoist journal, was published from 1898 to 1900 with the subtitle 'A Journal of Egoistic Philosophy and Sociology'".[40] Among those American anarchists who adhered to egoism include Benjamin Tucker, John Beverley Robinson, Steven T. Byington, Hutchins Hapgood, James L. Walker, Victor Yarros and E.H. Fulton.[40]

text: Contemporary[edit]

text: Many documents now echo the phrase used in the United States Declaration of Independence. The preamble to the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that rights are inalienable: "recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." Article 1, § 1 of the California Constitution recognizes inalienable rights, and articulated some (not all) of those rights as "defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety, happiness, and privacy." However, there is still much dispute over which "rights" are truly natural rights and which are not, and the concept of natural or inalienable rights is still controversial to some.

text: Erich Fromm argued that some powers over human beings could be wielded only by God, and that if there were no God, no human beings could wield these powers.[41]

text: Contemporary political philosophies continuing the classical liberal tradition of natural rights include libertarianism, anarcho-capitalism and Objectivism, and include amongst their canon the works of authors such as Robert Nozick, Ludwig von Mises, Ayn Rand,[42] and Murray Rothbard.[43] A libertarian view of inalienable rights is laid out in Morris and Linda Tannehill's The Market for Liberty, which claims that a man has a right to ownership over his life and therefore also his property, because he has invested time (i.e. part of his life) in it and thereby made it an extension of his life. However, if he initiates force against and to the detriment of another man, he alienates himself from the right to that part of his life which is required to pay his debt: "Rights are not inalienable, but only the possessor of a right can alienate himself from that right – no one else can take a man's rights from him."[44]

text: Various definitions of inalienability include non-relinquishability, non-salability, and non-transferability.[45] This concept has been recognized by libertarians as being central to the question of voluntary slavery, which Murray Rothbard dismissed as illegitimate and even self-contradictory.[46] Stephan Kinsella argues that "viewing rights as alienable is perfectly consistent with – indeed, implied by – the libertarian non-aggression principle. Under this principle, only the initiation of force is prohibited; defensive, restitutive, or retaliatory force is not."[47]

text: Various philosophers have created different lists of rights they consider to be natural. Proponents of natural rights, in particular Hesselberg and Rothbard, have responded that reason can be applied to separate truly axiomatic rights from supposed rights, stating that any principle that requires itself to be disproved is an axiom. Critics have pointed to the lack of agreement between the proponents as evidence for the claim that the idea of natural rights is merely a political tool.

text: Hugh Gibbons has proposed a descriptive argument based on human biology. His contention is that Human Beings were other-regarding as a matter of necessity, in order to avoid the costs of conflict. Over time they developed expectations that individuals would act in certain ways which were then prescribed by society (duties of care etc.) and that eventually crystallized into actionable rights.[48]


document_title: 1980 Philadelphia Phillies season

question_text: who had the highest batting average for the 1980 philadelphia phillies

text: 1980 Philadelphia Phillies season

text: Off-season[edit]

text:
December 13, 1978: Greg Gross was signed as a free agent by the team.[2]
December 20, 1979: Jerry Willard was signed as an amateur free agent.[3]
March 30, 1980: Dave Rader was traded by the Phillies to the Boston Red Sox for a player to be named later and cash. The Red Sox completed the deal by sending Stan Papi to the Phillies on May 12.[4]

text: Regular season[edit]

text: Season standings[edit]

text:
v
t
e

NL East
W
L
Pct.
GB
Home
Road

Philadelphia Phillies
91
71
0.562
—
49–32
42–39

Montreal Expos
90
72
0.556
1
51–29
39–43

Pittsburgh Pirates
83
79
0.512
8
47–34
36–45

St. Louis Cardinals
74
88
0.457
17
41–40
33–48

New York Mets
67
95
0.414
24
38–44
29–51

Chicago Cubs
64
98
0.395
27
37–44
27–54

text: Record vs. opponents[edit]

text:
1980 National League Records

v
t
e

Sources: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

Team
ATL
CHC
CIN
HOU
LAD
MON
NYM
PHI
PIT
SD
SF
STL

Atlanta
—
8–4
2–16
7–11
11–7
5–7
3–9
5–7
11–1
12–6
11–6
6–6

Chicago
4–8
—
7–5
1–11
5–7
6–12
10–8
5–13
8–10
4–8
5–7
9–9

Cincinnati
16–2
5–7
—
8–10
9–9
3–9
8–4
7–5
6–6
15–3–1
7–11
5–7

Houston
11–7
11–1
10–8
—
9–10
5–7
8–4
3–9
7–5
11–7
11–7
7–5

Los Angeles
7–11
7–5
9–9
10–9
—
11–1
7–5
6–6
6–6
9–9
13–5
7–5

Montreal
7–5
12–6
9–3
7–5
1–11
—
10–8
9–9
6–12
10–2
7–5
12–6

New York
9–3
8–10
4–8
4–8
5–7
8–10
—
6–12
10–8
1–11
3–9
9–9

Philadelphia
7-5
13–5
5–7
9–3
6–6
9–9
12–6
—
7–11
8–4
6–6
9–9

Pittsburgh
1–11
10–8
6–6
5–7
6–6
12–6
8–10
11–7
—
6–6
8–4
10–8

San Diego
6–12
8–4
3–15–1
7–11
9–9
2–10
11–1
4–8
6–6
—
10–8
7–5

San Francisco
6–11
7–5
11–7
7–11
5–13
5–7
9–3
6–6
4–8
8–10
—
7–5

St. Louis
6–6
9–9
7–5
5–7
5–7
6–12
9–9
9–9
8–10
5–7
5–7
—

text: Opening Day lineup[edit]

text:
Pete Rose, 1B[5]
Bake McBride, RF[5]
Garry Maddox, CF[5]
Mike Schmidt, 3B[5]
Greg Luzinski, LF[5]
Bob Boone, C[5]
Larry Bowa, SS[5]
Manny Trillo, 2B[5]
Steve Carlton, P[5]

text: Notable transactions[edit]

text:
April 7, 1980: Roger Freed was signed as a free agent by the Phillies.[6]
April 29, 1980: Juan Samuel was signed as an amateur free agent by the Phillies.[7]
June 3, 1980: 1980 Major League Baseball draft

Steve Jeltz was drafted by the Phillies in the 9th round.[8]
Rocky Childress was drafted by the Phillies in the 21st round.[9]
Darren Daulton was drafted by the Phillies in the 25th round.[10]
Kevin Romine was drafted by the Phillies in the 1st round (21st pick) of the secondary phase, but did not sign.[11]

July 17, 1980: Lerrin LaGrow was released by the Phillies.[12]
September 13, 1980: The Phillies traded a player to be named later to the Texas Rangers for Sparky Lyle. The Phillies completed the deal by sending Kevin Saucier to the Rangers on November 19.[13]

text: Game log[edit]

text:
1980 game log (Overall Record: 91–71)

April (6–9)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

1
April 11
Expos
6–3
Steve Carlton (1–0)
Steve Rogers (0–1)
None
48,460
1–0

2
April 12
Expos
6–2
Dick Ruthven (1–0)
Bill Lee (0–1)
Tug McGraw (1)
22,065
2–0

3
April 13
Expos
4–5 (10)
Elías Sosa (1–0)
Lerrin LaGrow (0–1)
None
28,132
2–1

4
April 15
@ Cardinals
2–7
Pete Vuckovich (2–0)
Randy Lerch (0–1)
None
8,166
2–2

5
April 16
@ Cardinals
8–3
Steve Carlton (2–0)
Bob Forsch (0–1)
None
10,911
3–2

6
April 18
@ Expos
5–7
Scott Sanderson (1–0)
Dick Ruthven (1–1)
Woodie Fryman (1)
41,222
3–3

7
April 19
@ Expos
13–4
Larry Christenson (1–0)
Steve Rogers (1–2)
Dickie Noles (1)
23,088
4–3

8
April 20
@ Expos
6–7
Elías Sosa (2–0)
Tug McGraw (0–1)
None
25,722
4–4

9
April 21
Mets
0–3
Ray Burris (2–1)
Steve Carlton (2–1)
Neil Allen (4)
23,856
4–5

10
April 22
Mets
14–8
Kevin Saucier (1–0)
Kevin Kobel (0–2)
None
21,341
5–5

11
April 23
Mets
2–3
Mark Bomback (1–0)
Lerrin LaGrow (0–2)
Jeff Reardon (1)
23,025
5–6

12
April 25
Cardinals
1–3
Pete Vuckovich (3–1)
Randy Lerch (0–2)
Mark Littell (1)
30,516
5–7

13
April 26
Cardinals
7–0
Steve Carlton (3–1)
John Fulgham (1–2)
None
25,168
6–7

14
April 27
Cardinals
1–10
Bob Forsch (1–1)
Dick Ruthven (1–2)
None
28,200
6–8

–
April 29
@ Mets
Postponed (rain);[14] Makeup: August 17 as a traditional double-header

15
April 30
@ Mets
0–2
Mark Bomback (2–0)
Randy Lerch (0–3)
None
4,559
6–9

May (17–9)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

16
May 1
@ Mets
2–1
Steve Carlton (4–1)
Pete Falcone (1–2)
Tug McGraw (2)
5,928
7–9

17
May 2
Dodgers
9–5
Ron Reed (1–0)
Charlie Hough (0–1)
None
30,294
8–9

18
May 3
Dodgers
7–3
Larry Christenson (2–0)
Burt Hooton (2–2)
None
35,011
9–9

19
May 4
Dodgers
10–12[a]
Joe Beckwith (2–0)
Dickie Noles (0–1)
Jerry Reuss (1)
34,027
9–10

20
May 5
Braves
7–1
Steve Carlton (5–1)
Rick Matula (2–2)
None
26,165
10–10

21
May 6
Braves
10–5
Dick Ruthven (2–2)
Doyle Alexander (0–2)
Dickie Noles (2)
25,302
11–10

–
May 7
Braves
Postponed (rain);[15] Makeup: July 25 as a traditional double-header

22
May 9
@ Reds
2–5
Charlie Leibrandt (3–2)
Randy Lerch (0–4)
None
32,583
11–11

23
May 10
@ Reds
3–5
Tom Seaver (2–1)
Steve Carlton (5–2)
Tom Hume (5)
28,919
11–12

24
May 11
@ Reds
7–3
Dick Ruthven (3–2)
Mike LaCoss (3–3)
None
25,920
12–12

25
May 13
@ Braves
3–7
Doyle Alexander (1–2)
Randy Lerch (0–5)
Rick Camp (1)
10,146
12–13

26
May 14
@ Braves
9–1
Steve Carlton (6–2)
Larry McWilliams (2–3)
None
4,625
13–13

27
May 16
@ Astros
3–0
Dick Ruthven (4–2)
J. R. Richard (4–2)
None
33,610
14–13

28
May 17
@ Astros
4–2
Larry Christenson (3–0)
Joe Niekro (4–3)
Dickie Noles (3)
43,525
15–13

29
May 18
@ Astros
0–3
Nolan Ryan (2–3)
Randy Lerch (0–6)
None
33,950
15–14

30
May 19
Reds
6–4
Steve Carlton (7–2)
Frank Pastore (4–2)
Ron Reed (1)
25,109
16–14

31
May 20
Reds
6–7
Paul Moskau (2–0)
Dick Ruthven (4–3)
Doug Bair (3)
25,202
16–15

32
May 21
Reds
9–8
Ron Reed (2–0)
Tom Hume (3–4)
None
26,099
17–15

33
May 23
Astros
3–0
Steve Carlton (8–2)
Nolan Ryan (2–4)
None
27,822
18–15

34
May 24
Astros
5–4
Kevin Saucier (2–0)
Joaquín Andújar (0–2)
Tug McGraw (3)
28,539
19–15

35
May 25
Astros
6–2
Dick Ruthven (5–3)
Ken Forsch (5–3)
None
37,349
20–15

36
May 26
Pirates
7–6
Ron Reed (3–0)
Kent Tekulve (5–3)
None
45,394
21–15

37
May 27
Pirates
2–3 (13)
Enrique Romo (3–0)
Dickie Noles (0–2)
Kent Tekulve (6)
35,989
21–16

38
May 28
Pirates
6–3
Randy Lerch (1–6)
Don Robinson (1–1)
Ron Reed (2)
30,209
22–16

39
May 29
Pirates
4–5
Eddie Solomon (2–0)
Dick Ruthven (5–4)
Enrique Romo (2)
30,630
22–17

40
May 30
@ Cubs
7–10
Rick Reuschel (4–4)
Dan Larson (0–1)
None
8,632
22–18

41
May 31
@ Cubs
7–0
Steve Carlton (9–2)
Willie Hernández (1–4)
None
26,937
23–18

June (14–14)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

42
June 1
@ Cubs
4–5
Dick Tidrow (2–0)
Ron Reed (3–1)
Bruce Sutter (11)
20,051
23–19

43
June 2
@ Pirates
3–9
Don Robinson (2–1)
Randy Lerch (1–7)
None
19,990
23–20

44
June 3
@ Pirates
3–4
Grant Jackson (5–1)
Tug McGraw (0–2)
None
22,141
23–21

45
June 4
@ Pirates
4–3
Steve Carlton (10–2)
John Candelaria (2–5)
None
31,075
24–21

46
June 6
Cubs
6–5
Bob Walk (1–0)
Mike Krukow (3–6)
Tug McGraw (4)
30,189
25–21

47
June 7
Cubs
5–2
Randy Lerch (2–7)
Rick Reuschel (5–5)
Dickie Noles (4)
31,153
26–21

48
June 8
Cubs
0–2
Lynn McGlothen (3–2)
Dick Ruthven (5–5)
Bruce Sutter (12)
40,206
26–22

49
June 9
Giants
1–3
Allen Ripley (1–0)
Dickie Noles (0–3)
Greg Minton (2)
28,702
26–23

50
June 10
Giants
4–3
Kevin Saucier (3–0)
Bob Knepper (4–8)
Ron Reed (3)
32,635
27–23

51
June 11
Giants
4–7
Ed Whitson (3–7)
Randy Lerch (2–8)
Greg Minton (3)
37,844
27–24

52
June 13
Padres
9–6
Dick Ruthven (6–5)
Randy Jones (4–6)
None
37,873
28–24

53
June 14
Padres
3–1
Steve Carlton (11–2)
Steve Mura (0–2)
Tug McGraw (5)
35,231
29–24

54
June 15
Padres
8–5
Bob Walk (2–0)
Rick Wise (3–4)
Lerrin LaGrow (1)
36,374
30–24

55
June 16
@ Dodgers
3–2 (12)
Ron Reed (4–1)
Rick Sutcliffe (1–4)
Tug McGraw (6)
41,340
31–24

56
June 17
@ Dodgers
6–5
Ron Reed (5–1)
Bobby Castillo (1–3)
Tug McGraw (7)
40,786
32–24

57
June 18
@ Padres
5–1
Steve Carlton (12–2)
Bob Shirley (5–3)
None
15,621
33–24

58
June 19
@ Padres
3–4
Dennis Kinney (2–1)
Kevin Saucier (3–1)
Rollie Fingers (8)
16,712
33–25

59
June 20
@ Giants
1–5
Allen Ripley (2–1)
Dan Larson (0–2)
None
9,490
33–26

60
June 21
@ Giants
3–9
Ed Whitson (5–7)
Randy Lerch (2–9)
None
11,809
33–27

61
June 22
@ Giants
4–3
Steve Carlton (13–2)
Vida Blue (9–4)
None
27,315
34–27

62
June 24
Expos
6–7 (10)
Elías Sosa (5–3)
Tug McGraw (0–3)
None
32,101
34–28

63
June 25
Expos
2–1 (10)
Ron Reed (6–1)
Stan Bahnsen (5–2)
None
31,416
35–28

64
June 26
Expos
0–1
Scott Sanderson (7–4)
Randy Lerch (2–10)
None
31,696
35–29

65
June 27
Mets
2–3
John Pacella (1–0)
Steve Carlton (13–3)
Tom Hausman (1)
37,123
35–30

66
June 28 (1)
Mets
1–2 (11)
Neil Allen (4–5)
Ron Reed (6–2)
None
see 2nd game
35–31

67
June 28 (2)
Mets
4–5
Tom Hausman (3–2)
Kevin Saucier (3–2)
Neil Allen (13)
47,169
35–32

68
June 29
Mets
5–2
Bob Walk (3–0)
Pat Zachry (2–5)
Lerrin LaGrow (2)
41,113
36–32

69
June 30
@ Expos
7–5
Dickie Noles (1–3)
Bill Gullickson (0–2)
Ron Reed (4)
36,347
37–32

July (15–14)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

70
July 1
@ Expos
5–4 (11)
Randy Lerch (3–10)
Woodie Fryman (1–3)
Lerrin LaGrow (3)
33,761
38–32

71
July 2
@ Expos
1–6
Steve Rogers (10–6)
Steve Carlton (13–4)
None
23,233
38–33

72
July 3 (1)
@ Cardinals
2–1
Dick Ruthven (7–5)
Bob Forsch (5–6)
None
see 2nd game
39–33

73
July 3 (2)
@ Cardinals
8–1
Bob Walk (4–0)
Jim Otten (0–3)
None
38,038
40–33

74
July 4
@ Cardinals
0–1 (10)
Bob Sykes (3–6)
Kevin Saucier (3–3)
None
15,481
40–34

75
July 5
@ Cardinals
1–6
Jim Kaat (3–6)
Randy Lerch (3–11)
None
27,932
40–35

76
July 6
@ Cardinals
8–3
Steve Carlton (14–4)
Pete Vuckovich (7–6)
None
17,769
41–35

–
July 8
1980 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles

77
July 10
Cubs
5–3
Dick Ruthven (8–5)
Mike Krukow (6–10)
Dickie Noles (5)
33,130
42–35

78
July 11
Cubs
7–2
Bob Walk (5–0)
Lynn McGlothen (6–6)
Ron Reed (5)
50,204
43–35

79
July 12
Pirates
5–4
Kevin Saucier (4–3)
Kent Tekulve (5–5)
None
53,254
44–35

80
July 13
Pirates
3–7
Don Robinson (3–4)
Nino Espinosa (0–1)
Kent Tekulve (11)
48,132
44–36

81
July 14
Pirates
11–13
Grant Jackson (7–2)
Ron Reed (6–3)
None
44,245
44–37

82
July 15
@ Astros
2–3
Joe Sambito (4–1)
Dick Ruthven (8–6)
None
24,223
44–38

83
July 16
@ Astros
4–2
Bob Walk (6–0)
Ken Forsch (8–9)
None
28,532
45–38

84
July 17
@ Astros
2–1
Steve Carlton (15–4)
Joe Niekro (10–8)
None
26,403
46–38

85
July 18
@ Braves
7–2
Nino Espinosa (1–1)
Phil Niekro (7–12)
Dickie Noles (6)
13,908
47–38

86
July 19 (1)
@ Braves
2–5
Doyle Alexander (8–5)
Dick Ruthven (8–7)
None
see 2nd game
47–39

87
July 19 (2)
@ Braves
2–7
Tommy Boggs (4–5)
Dan Larson (0–3)
Rick Camp (4)
35,524
47–40

88
July 20
@ Braves
2–3
Larry McWilliams (7–6)
Bob Walk (6–1)
None
9,335
47–41

89
July 21
@ Reds
4–5
Charlie Leibrandt (9–6)
Randy Lerch (3–12)
Tom Hume (15)
27,177
47–42

90
July 22
@ Reds
2–3
Mario Soto (4–4)
Steve Carlton (15–5)
None
28,079
47–43

91
July 23
@ Reds
3–7
Bruce Berenyi (2–0)
Nino Espinosa (1–2)
Tom Hume (16)
29,614
47–44

92
July 25 (1)
Braves
5–4 (12)
Dick Ruthven (9–7)
Rick Camp (3–4)
None
see 2nd game
48–44

93
July 25 (2)
Braves
0–3
Tommy Boggs (5–5)
Dan Larson (0–4)
None
38,408
48–45

94
July 26
Braves
6–3
Bob Walk (7–1)
Phil Niekro (8–13)
Ron Reed (6)
33,112
49–45

95
July 27
Braves
17–4
Steve Carlton (16–5)
Rick Matula (6–9)
None
35,249
50–45

96
July 28
Astros
2–3 (10)
Joe Sambito (6–1)
Ron Reed (6–4)
None
30,181
50–46

97
July 29
Astros
9–6
Kevin Saucier (5–3)
Frank LaCorte (7–3)
Tug McGraw (8)
30,252
51–46

98
July 30
Astros
6–4
Dick Ruthven (10–7)
Nolan Ryan (5–8)
Tug McGraw (9)
31,342
52–46

August (16–14)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

99
August 1
Reds
3–1
Bob Walk (8–1)
Charlie Leibrandt (9–7)
Tug McGraw (10)
37,409
53–46

100
August 2
Reds
0–2
Mike LaCoss (6–9)
Steve Carlton (16–6)
None
43,244
53–47

101
August 3
Reds
8–4
Nino Espinosa (2–2)
Bruce Berenyi (2–2)
Ron Reed (7)
41,328
54–47

–
August 5
Cardinals
Postponed (rain);[16] Makeup: September 12 as a traditional double-header

102
August 6
Cardinals
0–14
Bob Sykes (5–8)
Bob Walk (8–2)
None
31,629
54–48

103
August 7
Cardinals
3–2
Steve Carlton (17–6)
John Fulgham (3–4)
Tug McGraw (11)
31,397
55–48

104
August 8
@ Pirates
5–6
Kent Tekulve (8–5)
Tug McGraw (0–4)
Enrique Romo (8)
30,354
55–49

105
August 9
@ Pirates
1–4
John Candelaria (8–11)
Nino Espinosa (2–3)
Kent Tekulve (16)
39,984
55–50

106
August 10 (1)
@ Pirates
1–7
Jim Bibby (14–2)
Randy Lerch (3–13)
None
see 2nd game
55–51

107
August 10 (2)
@ Pirates
1–4
Don Robinson (4–5)
Dan Larson (0–5)
Kent Tekulve (17)
37,323
55–52

108
August 11
@ Cubs
8–5 (15)[b]
Warren Brusstar (1–0)
George Riley (0–2)
None
10,805
56–52

109
August 12
@ Cubs
5–2
Steve Carlton (18–6)
Mike Krukow (7–12)
None
20,808
57–52

110
August 13
@ Cubs
1–2
Dick Tidrow (5–3)
Dick Ruthven (10–8)
None
13,215
57–53

111
August 14
@ Mets
8–1
Nino Espinosa (3–3)
Pat Zachry (6–6)
None
20,149
58–53

112
August 15
@ Mets
8–0
Larry Christenson (4–0)
Mark Bomback (9–4)
Tug McGraw (12)
40,436
59–53

113
August 16
@ Mets
11–6
Bob Walk (9–2)
Craig Swan (5–9)
None
23,514
60–53

114
August 17 (1)
@ Mets
9–4
Steve Carlton (19–6)
Ray Burris (6–7)
None
see 2nd game
61–53

115
August 17 (2)
@ Mets
4–1
Randy Lerch (4–13)
Roy Lee Jackson (1–4)
Ron Reed (8)
25,458
62–53

116
August 19
Padres
7–4
Dick Ruthven (11–8)
Bob Shirley (9–9)
Tug McGraw (13)
30,588
63–53

117
August 20
Padres
5–7
John Curtis (5–8)
Nino Espinosa (3–4)
Rollie Fingers (16)
30,403
63–54

118
August 21
Padres
9–8 (17)
Kevin Saucier (6–3)
Dennis Kinney (4–5)
None
36,201
64–54

119
August 22
Giants
3–4 (10)
Al Holland (5–2)
Steve Carlton (19–7)
None
36,073
64–55

120
August 23
Giants
2–6
Allen Ripley (7–6)
Larry Christenson (4–1)
None
38,541
64–56

121
August 24
Giants
7–1[c]
Dick Ruthven (12–8)
Bob Knepper (9–15)
None
37,325
65–56

122
August 25
Dodgers
4–8
Don Stanhouse (2–2)
Dickie Noles (1–4)
None
34,267
65–57

123
August 26
Dodgers
4–8
Bobby Castillo (4–6)
Bob Walk (9–3)
None
35,358
65–58

124
August 27
Dodgers
4–3
Steve Carlton (20–7)
Steve Howe (6–6)
Tug McGraw (14)
39,116
66–58

125
August 29
@ Padres
3–2
Larry Christenson (5–1)
Steve Mura (4–7)
Tug McGraw (15)
10,742
67–58

126
August 30 (1)
@ Padres
6–1
Dick Ruthven (13–8)
Bob Shirley (9–10)
None
see 2nd game
68–58

127
August 30 (2)
@ Padres
1–5
John Curtis (6–8)
Nino Espinosa (3–5)
None
13,209
68–59

128
August 31
@ Padres
3–10
Gary Lucas (5–7)
Bob Walk (9–4)
Rollie Fingers (18)
7,815
68–60

September (19–10)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

129
September 1
@ Giants
6–4
Steve Carlton (21–7)
Greg Minton (3–5)
None
16,952
69–60

130
September 2
@ Giants
2–1 (13)
Ron Reed (7–4)
Al Holland (5–3)
None
6,135
70–60

131
September 3
@ Giants
4–3
Dick Ruthven (14–8)
Allen Ripley (7–8)
Tug McGraw (16)
5,504
71–60

132
September 4
@ Dodgers
3–2
Bob Walk (10–4)
Jerry Reuss (16–5)
Tug McGraw (17)
41,864
72–60

133
September 5
@ Dodgers
0–1
Don Sutton (10–4)
Steve Carlton (21–8)
Don Stanhouse (5)
41,019
72–61

134
September 6
@ Dodgers
3–7
Bob Welch (12–9)
Randy Lerch (4–14)
Steve Howe (15)
45,995
72–62

135
September 7
@ Dodgers
0–6
Bobby Castillo (6–6)
Dick Ruthven (14–9)
None
39,083
72–63

136
September 8
Pirates
6–2
Tug McGraw (1–4)
Enrique Romo (5–5)
None
40,576
73–63

137
September 9
Pirates
5–4 (14)
Warren Brusstar (2–0)
Mark Lee (0–1)
None
43,333
74–63

138
September 10
@ Mets
5–0
Marty Bystrom (1–0)
Mark Bomback (9–7)
None
6,748
75–63

139
September 11
@ Mets
5–1
Dick Ruthven (15–9)
Ray Burris (7–11)
None
6,376
76–63

140
September 12 (1)
Cardinals
4–7
Pete Vuckovich (11–9)
Bob Walk (10–5)
John Urrea (2)
see 2nd game
76–64

141
September 12 (2)
Cardinals
0–5 (11)
John Littlefield (5–3)
Ron Reed (7–5)
None
44,093
76–65

142
September 13
Cardinals
2–1
Steve Carlton (22–8)
Bob Forsch (11–9)
None
41,728
77–65

143
September 14
Cardinals
8–4
Marty Bystrom (2–0)
Silvio Martínez (5–10)
None
30,137
78–65

144
September 16
@ Pirates
2–3
Jim Bibby (17–5)
Dick Ruthven (15–10)
Kent Tekulve (20)
22,239
78–66

145
September 17
@ Pirates
5–4 (11)
Tug McGraw (2–4)
Kent Tekulve (8–10)
Sparky Lyle (9)
23,650
79–66

146
September 19
@ Cubs
3–4 (11)
Lee Smith (2–0)
Warren Brusstar (2–1)
None
4,352
79–67

147
September 20
@ Cubs
7–3
Marty Bystrom (3–0)
Lynn McGlothen (10–13)
None
11,713
80–67

148
September 21
@ Cubs
7–3
Dick Ruthven (16–10)
Dennis Lamp (10–12)
Ron Reed (9)
10,190
81–67

149
September 22
@ Cardinals
3–2 (10)
Steve Carlton (23–8)
Kim Seaman (3–2)
Tug McGraw (18)
5,654
82–67

150
September 23
@ Cardinals
3–6
Al Olmsted (1–0)
Bob Walk (10–6)
John Littlefield (9)
6,915
82–68

151
September 24
Mets
1–0 (10)
Tug McGraw (3–4)
Neil Allen (7–9)
None
24,258
83–68

152
September 25
Mets
2–1
Marty Bystrom (4–0)
Roy Lee Jackson (1–6)
Sparky Lyle (10)
20,525
84–68

153
September 26
Expos
2–1
Tug McGraw (4–4)
David Palmer (7–6)
None
50,887
85–68

154
September 27
Expos
3–4
Scott Sanderson (16–10)
Steve Carlton (23–9)
Woodie Fryman (17)
53,058
85–69

155
September 28
Expos
3–8
Steve Rogers (16–11)
Bob Walk (10–7)
None
40,305
85–70

156
September 29
Cubs
6–5 (15)
Kevin Saucier (7–3)
Dennis Lamp (10–13)
None
21,127
86–70

157
September 30
Cubs
14–2
Marty Bystrom (5–0)
Lynn McGlothen (11–14)
None
24,349
87–70

October (4–1)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

158
October 1
Cubs
5–0
Steve Carlton (24–9)
Dennis Lamp (10–14)
None
25,658
88–70

159
October 2
Cubs
4–2
Bob Walk (11–7)
Bill Caudill (4–6)
Tug McGraw (19)
23,806
89–70

160
October 3
@ Expos
2–1
Dick Ruthven (17–10)
Scott Sanderson (16–11)
Tug McGraw (20)
57,121
90–70

161
October 4
@ Expos
6–4 (11)
Tug McGraw (5–4)
Stan Bahnsen (7–6)
None
50,794
91–70

162
October 5
@ Expos
7–8 (10)
Charlie Lea (7–5)
Warren Brusstar (2–2)
None
30,104
91–71

^[a] The May 4, 1980, game was protested by the Phillies in the top of the first inning.[17][18] The protest was later denied.[17][19]
^[b] The August 11 game was suspended in the bottom of the 14th with the score 5–5 and was completed August 12, 1980.[20]
^[c] The August 24, 1980, game was protested by the Giants in the bottom of the fourth inning.[21] The protest was later denied.[22]

  Phillies win
  Phillies loss
  Postponement
Bold: Phillies team member

Source:[23]

text: Roster[edit]

text:
1980 Philadelphia Phillies

Roster

Pitchers

40 Warren Brusstar
50 Marty Bystrom
32 Steve Carlton
38 Larry Christenson
43 Mark Davis
35 Nino Espinosa
39 Lerrin LaGrow
49 Dan Larson
47 Randy Lerch
39 Sparky Lyle
45 Tug McGraw
34 Scott Munninghoff
48 Dickie Noles
42 Ron Reed
44 Dick Ruthven
33 Kevin Saucier
41 Bob Walk

Catchers

 8 Bob Boone
17 Don McCormack
 6 Keith Moreland
24 Ozzie Virgil

Infielders

16 Luis Aguayo
15 Ramón Avilés
10 Larry Bowa
22 Jay Loviglio
11 Tim McCarver
14 Pete Rose
20 Mike Schmidt
 9 Manny Trillo
25 Del Unser
18 John Vukovich

Outfielders

30 Bob Dernier
23 Greg Gross
28 Orlando Isales
19 Greg Luzinski
31 Garry Maddox
21 Bake McBride
27 Lonnie Smith
29 George Vukovich

Manager

46 Dallas Green

Coaches

12 Rubén Amaro
 2 Billy DeMars
 3 Lee Elia
 5 Mike Ryan
 4 Herm Starrette
 7 Bobby Wine

text: Player stats[edit]

text: = Indicates team leader

text: Batting[edit]

text: Starters by position[edit]

text: Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases

text:
Pos
Player
G
AB
R
H
2B
3B
Avg.
HR
RBI
SB

C
Boone, BobBob Boone
141
480
34
110
23
1
.229
9
55
3

1B
Rose, PetePete Rose
162
655
95
185
42
1
.282
1
64
12

2B
Trillo, MannyManny Trillo
141
531
68
155
25
9
.292
7
43
8

3B
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt
150
548
104
157
25
8
.286
48
121
12

SS
Bowa, LarryLarry Bowa
147
540
57
144
16
4
.267
2
39
21

LF
Luzinski, GregGreg Luzinski
106
368
44
84
19
1
.228
19
56
3

CF
Maddox, GarryGarry Maddox
143
549
59
142
31
3
.259
11
73
25

RF
McBride, BakeBake McBride
137
554
68
171
33
10
.309
9
87
13

text: Other batters[edit]

text: Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases

text:
Player
G
AB
R
H
Avg.
HR
RBI
SB

Smith, LonnieLonnie Smith
100
298
69
101
.339
3
20
33

Gross, GregGreg Gross
127
154
19
37
.240
0
12
1

Moreland, KeithKeith Moreland
62
159
13
50
.314
4
29
3

Unser, DelDel Unser
96
110
15
29
.264
0
10
0

Avilés, RamónRamón Avilés
51
101
12
28
.277
2
9
0

Vukovich, JohnJohn Vukovich
49
62
4
10
.161
0
5
0

Vukovich, GeorgeGeorge Vukovich
78
58
6
13
.224
0
8
0

Aguayo, LuisLuis Aguayo
20
47
7
13
.277
1
8
1

Dernier, BobBob Dernier
10
7
5
4
.571
0
1
3

Loviglio, JayJay Loviglio
16
5
7
0
.000
0
0
1

McCarver, TimTim McCarver
6
5
2
1
.200
0
2
0

Isales, OrlandoOrlando Isales
3
5
1
2
.400
0
3
0

Virgil, OzzieOzzie Virgil
1
5
1
1
.200
0
0
0

McCormack, DonDon McCormack
2
1
0
1
1.000
0
0
0

text: Pitching[edit]

text: Starting pitchers[edit]

text: Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks allowed; SO = Strikeouts

text:
Player
G
IP
W
L
ERA
BB
SO

Carlton, SteveSteve Carlton
38
304
24
9
2.34
90
286

Ruthven, DickDick Ruthven
33
223.1
17
10
3.55
74
86

Walk, BobBob Walk
27
151.2
11
7
4.57
71
94

Lerch, RandyRandy Lerch
30
150
4
14
5.16
55
57

Espinosa, NinoNino Espinosa
12
76.1
3
5
3.77
19
13

Christenson, LarryLarry Christenson
14
73.2
5
1
4.03
27
49

Bystrom, MartyMarty Bystrom
6
36
5
0
1.50
9
21

text: Other pitchers[edit]

text:
Player
G
IP
W
L
ERA
SO

Larson, DanDan Larson
12
45.2
0
5
3.15
17

Davis, MarkMark Davis
2
7
0
0
2.57
5

text: Relief pitchers[edit]

text: Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

text:
Player
G
IP
W
L
SV
ERA
SO

McGraw, TugTug McGraw
57
92.1
5
4
20
1.46
75

Reed, RonRon Reed
55
91.1
7
5
9
4.04
9

Noles, DickieDickie Noles
48
81
1
4
6
3.89
57

Saucier, KevinKevin Saucier
40
50
7
3
0
3.42
25

Brusstar, WarrenWarren Brusstar
28
38.2
2
2
0
3.72
21

LaGrow, LerrinLerrin LaGrow
25
39
0
2
3
4.15
21

Lyle, SparkySparky Lyle
10
14
0
0
2
1.93
6

Munninghoff, ScottScott Munninghoff
4
6
0
0
0
4.50
2

text: Postseason[edit]

text: National League Championship Series[edit]

text: Game 1[edit]

text: October 7: Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
0

Philadelphia
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
X
3
8
1

W: Steve Carlton (1-0)   L: Ken Forsch (0-1)   S: Tug McGraw (1)

HR: HOU – None  PHI – Greg Luzinski (1)

Pitchers: HOU – Forsch  PHI – Carlton, McGraw (8)

Attendance: 65,277

text: Game 2[edit]

text: October 8: Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
7
8
1

Philadelphia
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
14
2

W: Frank LaCorte (1-0)   L: Ron Reed (0-1)   S: Joaquín Andújar (1)

HR: HOU – None  PHI – None

Pitchers: HOU – Ryan, Sambito (7), Smith (7), LaCorte (9), Andújar (10)  PHI – Ruthven, McGraw (8), Reed (9), Saucier (10)

Attendance: 65,476

text: Game 3[edit]

text: October 10: Astrodome, Houston, Texas

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Philadelphia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
1

Houston
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
6
1

W: Dave Smith (1-0)   L: Tug McGraw (0-1)   S: None

HR: PHI – None  HOU – None

Pitchers: PHI – Christenson, Noles (7), McGraw (8)  HOU – Niekro, Smith (11)

Attendance: 44,443

text: Game 4[edit]

text: October 11: Astrodome, Houston, Texas

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Philadelphia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
5
13
0

Houston
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
5
2

W: Warren Brusstar (1-0)   L: Joe Sambito (0-1)   S: Tug McGraw (2)

HR: PHI – None  HOU – None

Pitchers: PHI – Carlton, Noles (6), Saucier (7), Reed (7), Brusstar (8), McGraw (10)  HOU – Ruhle, Smith (8), Sambito (8)

Attendance: 44,952

text: Game 5[edit]

text: October 12: Astrodome, Houston, Texas

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Philadelphia
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
8
13
2

Houston
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
0
7
14
0

W: Dick Ruthven (1-0)   L: Frank LaCorte (1-1)   S: None

HR: PHI – None  HOU – None

Pitchers: PHI – Bystrom, Brusstar (6), Christenson (7), Reed (7), McGraw (8), Ruthven (9)  HOU – Ryan, Sambito (8), Forsch (8), LaCorte (9)

Attendance: 44,802

text: World Series[edit]

text: When the modern-day World Series began in 1903, the National and American Leagues each had eight teams. With their victory in the 1980 World Series, the Phillies became the last of the "Original Sixteen" franchises to win a Series.[citation needed] The 1980 World Series was the first World Series to be played entirely on artificial turf. Prior to 1980, the Phillies hadn't won a World Series game since Game 1 of the 1915 World Series against the Boston Red Sox.

text: The series offered many intriguing storylines. Phillies pitcher Bob Walk became the first rookie to start the first game of a World Series since Joe Black of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1952. The 1980 World Series was the first of numerous World Series that journeyman outfielder Lonnie Smith (then with the Phillies) participated in. He was also a part of the 1982 World Series (as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals), 1985 World Series (as a member of the Kansas City Royals), and the 1991 and 1992 World Series as a member of the Atlanta Braves.

text: Game 6 would be the culmination for the Phillies' first championship. Philadelphia scored two in the third on a Mike Schmidt single. It was all that Steve Carlton and Tug McGraw would need for the 4-1 win. Kansas City threatened by loading the bases in the eighth and the ninth innings before Tug McGraw struck out Willie Wilson for the third out in the final inning.

text: While Mike Schmidt was the official MVP of the 1980 World Series, the Babe Ruth Award (another World Series MVP) was given to Tug McGraw. As of 2011, this is the last World Series in which both participating franchises had yet to win a World Series in their history. This was the first time that had happened since 1920.[citation needed]

text: The entire state of Pennsylvania, not just Philadelphia, celebrated the Phillies' win.[26] Minutes after the final out, Governor Dick Thornburgh declared the next day "Philadelphia Phillies Day."[26][27]

text: NL Philadelphia Phillies (4) vs. AL Kansas City Royals (2)

text:
Game
Score
Date
Location
Attendance
Time of Game

1
Royals 6, Phillies 7
October 14
Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia)
65,791
3:01

2
Royals 4, Phillies 6
October 15
Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia)
65,775
3:01

3
Phillies 3, Royals 4 (10 inns)
October 17
Royals Stadium (Kansas City)
42,380
3:19

4
Phillies 3, Royals 5
October 18
Royals Stadium (Kansas City)
42,363
2:37

5
Phillies 4, Royals 3
October 19
Royals Stadium (Kansas City)
42,369
2:51

6
Royals 1, Phillies 4
October 21
Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia)
65,838
3:00

text: Composite box score[edit]

text: 1980 World Series (4-2): Philadelphia Phillies (N.L.) over Kansas City Royals (A.L.)

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Philadelphia Phillies
0
2
7
3
5
1
1
6
2
0
27
59
2

Kansas City Royals
5
3
2
1
1
3
4
3
0
1
23
60
7

Total Attendance: 324,516   Average Attendance: 54,086

Winning Player's Share: – $34,693,   Losing Player's Share – $32,212 * Includes Playoffs and World Series

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: In 1980, Mike Schmidt won the National League's Most Valuable Player Award in a unanimous vote. He led the league in home runs with 48 (by a margin of 13 over his nearest competitor). Schmidt was also selected as MVP of the World Series, after hitting two homers and driving in seven runs as his team won their first World Series Championship over the George Brett-led Kansas City Royals.

text: Steve Carlton received the National League Cy Young Award.

text: Tug McGraw received the Babe Ruth Award.

text: Manny Trillo was honored as the MVP of the National League Championship Series.

text: All-Stars[edit]

text:
Steve Carlton, reserve
Pete Rose, reserve
Mike Schmidt, reserve

text: Farm system[edit]

text:
Level
Team
League
Manager

AAA
Oklahoma City 89ers
American Association
Jim Snyder

AA
Reading Phillies
Eastern League
Ron Clark

A
Peninsula Pilots*
Carolina League
Bill Dancy

A
Spartanburg Phillies
South Atlantic League
Tom Harmon

A-Short Season
Bend Phillies
Northwest League
P. J. Carey

Rookie
Helena Phillies
Pioneer League
Roly de Armas

text: * League Champions[28]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "1980 Philadelphia Philles: Cardiac Kids". Retrieved 2017-02-21.
Jump up ^ Greg Gross at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Jerry Willard at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Dave Rader at Baseball Reference
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Apr 11, 1980, Expos at Phillies Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. April 11, 1980. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Roger Freed at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Juan Samuel at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Steve Jeltz at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Rocky Childress at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Darren Daulton at Baseball-Reference
Jump up ^ Kevin Romine at Baseball-Reference
Jump up ^ Lerrin LaGrow at Baseball-Reference
Jump up ^ Sparky Lyle at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ "In The Majors". The Pittsburgh Press. April 30, 1980. p. F6. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Scoreboard". The Gazette. May 8, 1980. p. 90. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Majors". The Pittsburgh Press. August 6, 1980. p. D3. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Batting Out of Turn". retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Dodgers 12, Philadelphia Phillies 10". retrosheet.org. May 4, 1980. Retrieved November 30, 2014. Phillies manager Dallas Green argued that Dusty Baker should not have batted [again], protested the decision and was ejected by HP umpire Paul Pryor[.]
Jump up ^ "May 4, 1980, Dodgers at Phillies Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. May 4, 1980. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aug 11, 1980, Phillies at Cubs Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. August 11, 1980. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Philadelphia Phillies 7, San Francisco Giants 1". retrosheet.org. August 24, 1980. Retrieved November 30, 2014. Lonnie Smith beat throw to 2B on attempted double play but walked off the bag thinking he was out; Smith was tagged but 2B umpire Eric Gregg had called time, so Smith was not out; Giants manager Dave Bristol and pitching coach Don McMahon ejected by Gregg; Giants played game under protest[.]
Jump up ^ "Aug 24, 1980, Giants at Phillies Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. August 24, 1980. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "1980 Philadelphia Phillies Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com.
Jump up ^ http://baseball-almanac.com/teamstats/roster.php?y=1980&t=PHI
Jump up ^ http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1980.shtml
^ Jump up to: a b Robbins, William (October 22, 1980). "City of Philadelphia Bursts into Bedlam After Last Pitch". New York Times. p. B5. Governor Richard Thornburgh declared (today) Philadelphia Phillies Day in the state.
Jump up ^ "On the whole, they'd rather be in...". United Press International. October 21, 1980.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Lloyd, and Wolff, Miles, ed., The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball, 2nd and 3rd editions. Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, 1997 and 2007

tag: ol


document_title: The Polar Express (film)

question_text: who plays the hero boy in polar express

question_tokens: who plays the hero boy in polar express

text: The Polar Express (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the night of Christmas Eve, a Grand Rapids, Michigan boy is growing bitterly skeptical of the existence of Santa Claus. As he struggles to sleep, he is roused by the arrival of a steam locomotive on the street outside his home, and dons his robe to investigate, tearing the robe's pocket as he retrieves it. Outside, the train's conductor (Tom Hanks) introduces the train as the Polar Express, bound for the North Pole. The boy initially declines to board, but jumps aboard the train as it pulls away.

text: In a passenger car, he befriends a spirited and amicable girl, and a condescending know-it-all. The train stops to pick up an impoverished child, Billy, who also declines to board; Billy changes his mind, and the boy applies the emergency brake to allow him to catch up to the train, much to the conductor's chagrin. As Billy sits alone in the train's rear dining car, hot chocolate is served in the passenger car, and the girl saves her hot chocolate for Billy. As she and the conductor cross to the dining car, the boy notices she left her ticket behind unpunched, but loses hold of the ticket between the cars when he attempts to return it. The ticket reenters the passenger car, but not before the conductor notices its absence and escorts the girl back to the rear car.

text: The know-it-all claims that the conductor will jettison the girl from the back of the train; the boy recovers the ticket and dashes to the dining car in search of the conductor, climbing onto the roof from the rear platform. He meets a hobo camping on the roof, who offers him coffee and discusses the existence of Santa Claus and belief in ghosts. The hobo skis with the boy along the tops of the cars towards the train's coal tender, where the hobo disappears. Here, the boy discovers that the girl has been made to supervise the locomotive while engineers Steamer and Smokey replace the train's headlight. The train is forced to stop while the conductor disperses a herd of caribou, whereupon the engineers return to the cabin and the boy, girl and conductor remain on the catwalk on the front of the locomotive. The throttle's split pin sheers off, causing the train to accelerate uncontrollably down a 179-degree grade and onto a frozen lake, where the engineers repair the throttle with a hairpin and drift the train to realign it with the tracks. The boy returns the girl's ticket, and as the three return to the passenger car, the boy is accosted by an Ebenezer Scrooge marionette (controlled by the hobo), taunting him and calling him a doubter.

text: The train finally arrives at the North Pole, where the conductor announces that one of the passengers will be chosen to receive the first gift of Christmas, from Santa himself. The girl discovers Billy still alone in the rear car, and she and the boy persuade him to come along; however, the boy accidentally unhitches the car, sending it back along the line to a railway turntable in Santa's workshop. The children sneak through an elf command center and a gift sorting office before accidentally being dumped into Santa's sack, where they discover that the know-it-all stowed away along with them, hoping to open his Christmas presents early. The elves rescue them as Santa arrives, and the boy grows frustrated, unable to see Santa through the crowd. A jingle bell flies loose from the galloping reindeers' reins; the boy initially cannot hear it ring, until he finds it within himself to believe. He returns the bell to Santa as he passes, and Santa selects the boy to receive the first gift of Christmas. The boy asks to keep the jingle bell, and places it in his robe pocket.

text: Four of the elves use a handcar to trundle the wayward passenger car back to the train as the children all board the Polar Express to return home, but the then boy discovers that the pocket was torn and that the bell had fallen out. He returns home and awakens Christmas morning to find a present containing the bell. He holds it to his ear and shakes it; his parents, not believing in Santa, lament how the bell is "broken".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as the Hero Boy (motion-capture only), the Hero Boy's father, the Conductor, the Hobo, Santa Claus, and the Narrator

Daryl Sabara as the Hero Boy (voice)
Josh Hutcherson as the Hero Boy (additional motion-capture)

Leslie Zemeckis as Sister Sarah (motion-capture only) and the Hero Boy's mother

Isabella Peregrina as Sister Sarah (voice)
Ashly Holloway as Sister Sarah (additional motion-capture)

Eddie Deezen as Know-It-All

Jimmy 'Jax' Pinchak as Know-It-All (additional motion-capture)

Nona Gaye as the Hero Girl

Chantel Valdivieso as the Hero Girl (additional motion-capture)
Meagan Moore as the Hero Girl (singing voice)
Tinashe as the Hero Girl (motion-capture modeling)

Peter Scolari as Billy the Lonely Boy (motion-capture only)

Hayden McFarland as Billy the Lonely Boy (additional motion-capture)
Jimmy Bennett as Billy the Lonely Boy (voice)
Matthew Hall as Billy the Lonely Boy (singing voice)

Dylan Cash as Boy on Train (voice)
Brendan King and Andy Pellick as the Pastry Chefs
Josh Eli, Rolandas Hendricks, Jon Scott, Sean Scott, Mark Mendonca, Mark Goodman, Gregory Gast, and Gordon Hart as the Waiters
Andre Sogliuzzo as Smokey and Steamer (voice)

Michael Jeter as Smokey and Steamer (motion-capture only)

Chris Coppola as Gus the Toothless Boy and an Elf

Connor Matheus as the Toothless Boy (additional motion-capture)

Julene Renee as the Red Head Girl and an Elf
Phil Fondacaro, Debbie Lee Carrington, Mark Povinelli, and Ed Gale as Elves
Charles Fleischer as the Elf General
Steven Tyler as the Elf Lieutenant and the Elf Singer
Dante Pastula as the Little Boy
Eric Newton, Aidan O'Shea, Aaron Hendry, Kevin C. Carr, Bee Jay Joyer, Jena Carpenter, Karine Mauffrey, Beth Carpenter, Bill Forchion, Devin Henderson, and Sagiv Ben-Binyamin as Acrobatic Elves
Evan Sabara as a Young Boy (additional motion-capture)

text: Production[edit]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: The buildings at the North Pole refer to a number of buildings related to American railroading history. The buildings in the square at the city's center are loosely based on the Pullman Factory in Chicago's Pullman neighborhood.[5]

text: Polar Express Locomotive[edit]

text: The locomotive featured in the film is an American 2-8-4 Berkshire type steam locomotive, with a cowcatcher, modeled after the Pere Marquette 1225, which had spent many years on static display near Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan on the campus of Michigan State University, where Chris Van Allsburg recalled playing on the engine when attending football games as a child.[6]

text: In July 2002, Warner Bros. approached the engine's owner, the Steam Railroading Institute, to study the engine.[7] The engine in the film is modeled from the PM #1225's drawings and the sounds from recordings made of the 1225 operating under steam.[8] The whistle, however, was taken from Sierra Railway #3.

text: IMAX 3D version[edit]

text: In addition to standard theatrical 35mm format, a 3-D version for IMAX was also released, generated from the same 3-D digital models used for the standard version.[9]

text: Home media release[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD as separated widescreen and full-screen versions in single and two-disc special editions (with bonus features) and on VHS on November 22, 2005, one year after the film came out.[10] It was released on Blu-ray with bonus features and presented in the original widescreen aspect ratio on October 30, 2007.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Performer(s)
Title
Length

Tom Hanks
"The Polar Express"
3:25

Matthew Hall & Meagan Moore
"When Christmas Comes to Town"
4:07

Steven Tyler
"Rockin' on the Top of the World"
2:35

Josh Groban
"Believe"
4:18

Tom Hanks
"Hot Chocolate"
2:33

Alan Silvestri
"Spirit of the Season"
2:34

Frank Sinatra
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town"
2:35

Alan Silvestri
"Seeing Is Believing"
3:47

Bing Crosby
"White Christmas"
3:05

The Andrews Sisters
"Winter Wonderland"
2:43

Perry Como &The Fontane Sisters
"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas"
2:40

Kate Smith
"Silver Bells"
2:39

Bing Crosby & The Andrews Sisters
"Here Comes Santa Claus (Right Down Santa Claus Lane)"
3:04

Alan Silvestri
"Suite from the Polar Express"
6:02

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 61 out of 100 based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[11] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 202 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though the movie is visually stunning overall, the animation for the human characters isn't lifelike enough, and the story is padded."[12] Despite the polarized reception from critics, The Polar Express has been popular among audiences. The Independent reported in 2011 that the film "is now seen by many as a classic".[13] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[14]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film his highest rating of four stars, saying, "There's a deeper, shivery tone, instead of the mindless jolliness of the usual Christmas movie." And "It has a haunting, magical quality ..." Acknowledging comments by other reviewers, Ebert said, "It's a little creepy. Not creepy in an unpleasant way, but in that sneaky, teasing way that lets you know eerie things could happen."[15] Richard Roeper gave a glowing review to the film as well, saying that it "remains true to the book, right down to the bittersweet final image."[quote without source] James Berardinelli gave it a 3.5/4, stating that it is "a delightful tale guaranteed to enthrall viewers of all ages", and ranked it as the 10th best film of 2004.[16]

text: The character design and animation were criticized for dipping into the uncanny valley.[17] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film a 1 out of 4 stars, and called it "a failed and lifeless experiment in which everything goes wrong".[18] Stephanie Zacharek of Salon gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5 and said, "I could probably have tolerated the incessant jitteriness of The Polar Express if the look of it didn't give me the creeps."[19] Geoff Pevere of the Toronto Star stated, "If I were a child, I'd have nightmares. Come to think of it, I did anyway."[20] Paul Clinton from CNN called it "at best disconcerting, and at worst, a wee bit horrifying".[21]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened at #2 and earned $23,323,463 from approximately 7,000 screens at 3,650 theaters, for a per-theater average of $6,390 and a per-screen average of $3,332 in its opening weekend. It also brought in a total of $30,629,146 since its Wednesday launch. The weekend total also included $2,100,000 from 59 IMAX theaters, for an IMAX theater average of $35,593, and had a $3,000,000 take since Wednesday. In its second weekend, it grossed another $15,668,101, averaging $4,293 from 3,650 venues and boosting the 12-day cumulative to $51,463,282 and over Thanksgiving weekend made another $19,389,927, averaging $5,312 from 3,650 venues and raising the 19-day cumulative to $81,479,861.[citation needed] The film has made $185,618,322 domestically (including IMAX re-releases), and $124,140,582 overseas for a total worldwide gross of $309,758,904.[2]

text: The film had its network TV premiere on ABC, December 1, 2006. The airing brought in 13.2 million viewers, winning its timeslot and ranking 20th in the Nielsen ratings that week, according to TVTango.com.

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: The film was nominated for three Academy Awards:

text:
Best Sound Editing (Randy Thom and Dennis Leonard)
Best Sound Mixing (Randy Thom, Tom Johnson, Dennis S. Sands and William B. Kaplan)
Best Original Song for "Believe."[22]

text: The film was nominated at the 3rd Visual Effects Society Awards in the category of "Outstanding Performance by an Animated Character in an Animated Motion Picture."[23]

text: In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated The Polar Express for its Top 10 Animated Films list.[24]

text: The "Polar Express Experience"[edit]

text: In November 2007, SeaWorld Orlando debuted the Polar Express Experience, a Motion Simulator ride based on the film. The attraction is a temporary replacement for the Wild Arctic attraction. The building housing the attraction was also temporarily re-themed to a railroad station and ride vehicles painted to resemble Polar Express passenger cars. The plot for the ride revolves around a trip to the North Pole on Christmas Eve. Guests feel the motion of the locomotive as well as the swinging of the train on ice and feeling of ice crumbling beneath them. The attraction was available until January 1, 2008,[25] and is now open annually during the Christmas season.

text: The 4D film, distributed by SimEx-Iwerks, has been shown at other amusement parks around the world including Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Dollywood (during the annual Smoky Mountain Christmas event), Vancouver Aquarium (2009 — 2010),[26] and Warner Bros. Movie World (during the White Christmas events in 2010 and 2011).

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released on November 26, 2004 for GameCube, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2 and Windows, developed by Blue Tongue Entertainment and published by THQ.[27][28] The plot of the game is more different than the film version. Within this time, the Ebenezer Scrooge puppet who is set as the main antagonist of the game, attempts to prevent the children from believing in Santa Claus by stealing their tickets and trying to stop the children for reaching the North Pole.[29][30]