document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who has sold the most albums all time

question_tokens: who has sold the most albums all time

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Charles Aznavour, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Luciano Pavarotti, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, so artists such as Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Nicki Minaj are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[a]

text: The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified sales. In other words, the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified sales of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified sales for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Elvis Presley

Michael Jackson

Madonna

Elton John

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Beatles
United Kingdom
1960–1970[10]
1962[10]
Rock / Pop[10]
7002270800000000000♠

Total available certified units: 270.8 million [show]

US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[b][12]
UK: 17.845 million[b][13]
GER: 8 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
BRA: 550,000[b][21]
SWE 485,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[b][23][24]
SWI: 350,000[b][25]
BEL: 265,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.606 million[b][28][29]
DEN: 260,000[b][30][31]
AUT: 500,000[b][32]
POL: 175,000[b][33]
NZ: 660,000[b][34][35]

600 million[36][37]
500 million[38]

Elvis Presley
United States
1954–1977[39]
1954[39]
Rock and roll / Pop / Country[39]
7002211700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 211.7 million [show]

US: 188.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.587 million[b][18]
ITA: 105,000[b][20]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE 380,000[b][22]
SPA: 300,000[b][23][40][41]
MEX: 105,000[b][42][43]
SWI: 185,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[b][28]
DEN: 120,000[b][44][45][46]
AUT: 205,000[b][32]
FIN: 213,945[b][47]
NZ: 117,500[b][34][35]

600 million[48][49]
500 million[50]

Michael Jackson
United States
1964–2009[51]
1971[51]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[51]
7002184200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 184.2 million [show]

US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[b][12][52]
UK: 27.195 million[13]
GER: 11.275 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.6 million[b][18][19][54][55][56]
ITA: 1.170 million[b][20]
BRA: 280,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.230 million[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.995 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 3.670 million[b][42]
SWI: 910,000[b][25]
BEL: 365,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 124,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 1.179 million[b][59][60][61]
AUT: 1.197 million[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 384,127[47]
NZ: 902,500[34][35]

350 million[62][63]
300 million[64][65]

Madonna
United States
1979–present[66]
1982[66]
Pop / Dance / Electronica[66]
7002170600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 170.6 million [show]

US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [b][12][52]
UK: 28.845 million[13]
GER: 12.4 million[14]
FRA: 12.795 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.717 million[b][18][67][68]
ITA: 465,000[b][20]
BRA: 3.440 million[b][21]
SWE: 1.070 million[b][22][57]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 510,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.080 million[b][25]
BEL: 690,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.098[28][29]
DEN: 407,000[b][59][60][69][70][71][72]
AUT: 602,500[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 652,686[47]
NZ: 417,500[34][35]

300 million[73][74]
275 million[75]

Elton John
United Kingdom
1964–present[76]
1969[76]
Pop / Rock[76]
7002169000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 169 million [show]

US: 117.850 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [b][12]
UK: 22.295 million[b][13]
GER: 7.9 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 5.975 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.837 million[b][18]
BRA: 835,000[b][21]
SWE: 740,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.2 million[b][23][24][41][58]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.313 million[b][25]
BEL: 390,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 128,000[28][29]
DEN: 150,000[b][45][60][77]
AUT: 765,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 163,481[47]
NZ: 255,000[b][34][35]

300 million[78][79]
250 million[80][81]

Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom
1968–1980[82]
1969[82]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[82]
7002139500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 139.5 million [show]

US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [b][12]
UK: 9.130 million[b][13]
GER: 3.775 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[b][15][16][83]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[b][18][84][85]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
BRA: 820,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][41][58]
SWI: 211,000[b][25]
ARG: 360,000[b][28]
POL: 120,000[b][33]

300 million[86][87]
200 million[88][89]

Pink Floyd
United Kingdom
1965–1996, 2014[90][91]
1967[90]
Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[90]
7002118900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 118.9 million [show]

US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][92]
UK: 11.320 million[b][13]
GER: 7.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 6.790 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 1.685 million[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 220,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 625,000[b][23][24][40][58]
SWI: 390,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 582,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 460,000[b][32]
POL: 590,000[b][33]
NZ: 787,500[b][34][35]

250 million[93][94]
200 million[95][96]

tag: table

text: The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Mariah Carey

Celine Dion

AC/DC

Whitney Houston

Queen

The Rolling Stones

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Rihanna
Barbados
United States
2005–present[97]
2005[97]
R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[97]
7002227000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 227 million [show]

US: 168.05 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][52]
UK: 29.3 million[13]
GER: 4.475 million[14]
FRA: 1.425 million[16]
CAN: 2.840 million[17]
AUS: 9.150 million[18]
ITA: 1.425 million[b][20]
BRA: 555,000[21]
SWE: 2.480 million[22][57]
SPA: 1.450 million[23]
MEX: 380,000[42][98]
SWI: 840,000[25]
BEL: 660,000[27]
DEN: 1.117[59][60][61][69][77][99][100][101]
AUT: 120,000[32]
POL: 500,000[33]
IRE: 240,000[102]
NZ: 667,500[34][35]

230 million[103][104]

Mariah Carey
United States
1988–present[105]
1990[105]
R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[105]
7002136190000099999♠

Total available certified units: 136.2 million [show]

US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [b][12][52][106]
UK: 9.820 million[13]
GER: 3.250 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.445 million[b][18][107]
ITA: 200,000[b][20]
BRA: 835,000[21]
SWE: 425,000[22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 515,000[25]
BEL: 150,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 130,000[61][108]
AUT: 200,000[32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 240,000[b][34]

200 million[109][110]
175 million[111][112]

Celine Dion
Canada
1981–present[113]
1981[113]
Pop[113]
7002125000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 125 million [show]

US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[b][12][114][115]
UK: 13.555 million[13]
GER: 8 million[14]
FRA: 15.685 million[15][16][53][83]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.105 million[b][22]
SPA: 1 million[41][58]
SWI: 1.685 million[b][25]
BEL: 1.885 million[b][26][27]
ARG: 340,000[28]
DEN: 370,000[b][45][116][117][118]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
POL: 680,000[b][33]
FIN: 356,183[47]
NZ: 192,500[34][35]

200 million[119][120]
175 million[121][122]

AC/DC
Australia
1973–present[123]
1975[123]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[123]
7002113200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 113.2 million [show]

US: 79.7 million[11]
UK: 4.2 million[13]
GER: 10.3 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[b][17]
AUS: 7.330 million[b][18]
ITA: 750,000[b][20]
SWE: 350,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.355 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 894,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
ARG: 594,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 135,000[60][61][124]
AUT: 380,000[b][32]
FIN: 321,169[47]
NZ: 140,000[b][34][35]

200 million[125][126]
150 million[127][128]

Whitney Houston
United States
1977–2012[129]
1984[129]
R&B / Soul / Pop[129]
7002112600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 112.6 million [show]

US: 75.275 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[b][12][130]
UK: 14.605 million[13]
GER: 5.6 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.580 million[b][18][19][131]
ITA: 140,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.025[b][21]
SWE: 1.035 million[b][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][40][41]
SWI: 845,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 140,000[60][61]
AUT: 535,000[b][32]
POL: 180,000[b][33]
FIN: 247,222[47]

200 million[132][133]
170 million[134][135]

Queen
United Kingdom
1971–present[136]
1973[136]
Rock[136]
7002114700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 114.7 million [show]

US: 55.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[b][12][52][137]
UK: 28.615 million[b][13]
GER: 11.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.870 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 505,000[b][20]
BRA: 970,000[b][21]
SWE: 190,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1.256 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.080 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 900,000[b][32]
POL: 810,000[b][33]
FIN: 366,152[47]
NZ: 275,000[b][34][35]

200 million[138][139]
150 million[140]

The Rolling Stones
United Kingdom
1962–present[141]
1963[141]
Rock / Blues rock [141]
7001972000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.2 million [show]

US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[b][12]
UK: 8.510 million[b][13]
GER: 3.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.370 million[b][15][16][53]
AUS: 417,500[b][18]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 690,000[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 238,000[b][25]
BEL: 120,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 718,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
POL: 140,000[b][33]
NZ: 190,000[b][34][35]

200 million[142][143]

ABBA
Sweden
1972–1982[144]
1972[144]
Pop / Disco[144]
7001607000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.7 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[b][52][145][146]
UK: 18.970 million[b][13]
GER: 10.450 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.785 million[b][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[b][18][147]
BRA: 275,000[b][21][57]
SWE: 800,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[b][23][40]
MEX: 260,000[b][42]
SWI: 600,000[b][25]
BEL: 380,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 238,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 600,000[b][148][149][150]
AUT: 175,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 656,319[47]
NZ: 297,500[b][35][151][152]

200 million[153][154]
100 million[155][156]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Eminem

Eagles

Bruno Mars

U2

Kanye West

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Taylor Swift
United States
2006–present[157]
2006[157]
Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[157]
7002158800000000000♠

Total available certified units: 158.8 million [show]

US: 135.5 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[12][52]
UK: 8.2 million[13]
GER: 750,000[14]
FRA: 150,000[16]
CAN: 4.540 million[17]
AUS: 5.425 million[18]
ITA: 235,000[b][20]
BRA: 170,000[21]
SWE: 180,000[57]
MEX: 450,000[42][43][98]
NZ: 367,500[34][35]

170 million[158]

Garth Brooks
United States
1989–present[159]
1989[159]
Country[159]
7002146000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 156 million [show]

US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[13]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 280,000[b][18]
IRE: 120,000[b][102]

160 million[160]

Eminem
United States
1996–present[161]
1999[161]
Hip-hop[161]
7002132000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 132 million [show]

US: 86.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][52]
UK: 21.425 million[13]
GER: 3.450 million[14]
FRA: 3.170 million[16][83]
CAN: 3.770 million[17]
AUS: 5.702 million[18]
ITA: 490,000[b][20]
BRA: 200,000[21]
SWE: 810,000[22][57]
SPA: 290,000[23][58]
MEX: 365,000[42]
SWI: 805,000[25]
BEL: 475,000[26][27]
DEN: 556,000[b][59][162]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 250,000[33]
FIN: 124,547[47]
IRE: 285,000[b][102]
NZ: 562,500[34][35]

155 million[163]

Eagles
United States
1971–1980, 1994–present[164]
1972[164]
Rock[164]
7002129190000099999♠

Total available certified units: 129.2 million [show]

US: 108.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 7.635 million[b][13]
GER: 925,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 4.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[b][18][165]
SWE: 140,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][23][24]
SWI: 290,000[b][25]
DEN: 185,000[b][60]
FIN: 124,749[47]
NZ: 352,500[b][34][35]

150 million[166]

U2
Ireland
1976–present[167]
1980[167]
Rock[167]
7002106700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 106.7 million [show]

US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[b][12]
UK: 18.620 million[13]
GER: 5.125 million[14]
FRA: 5.025 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.115 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[b][18][19][168]
ITA: 780,000[b][20]
BRA: 2.675 million[b][21]
SWE: 515,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.275 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 835,000[b][42]
SWI: 696,000[b][25]
BEL: 725,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 806,000[28][29]
DEN: 473,000[b][59][60][61][77][169]
AUT: 515,000[b][32]
POL: 360,000[b][33]
FIN: 235,460[47]
IRE: 316,000[b][102]
NZ: 765,000[34][35]

150 million[170]

Billy Joel
United States
1964–present[171]
1971[171]
Pop / Rock[171]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[b][12][172]
UK: 5.655 million[b][13]
GER: 1.250 million[b][14]
FRA: 925,000[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 3.275 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.267[b][18][19]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 162,500[b][34]

150 million[173]

Phil Collins
United Kingdom
1980–2011, 2015–present[174]
1981[174]
Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[174]
7001878000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 87.8 million [show]

US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][12]
UK: 15.250 million[13]
GER: 13.8 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[b][21]
SWE: 245,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 973,000[b][25]
BEL: 305,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.044 million[28][29]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
FIN: 182,581[47]
NZ: 122,500[34][35]

150 million[175]

Aerosmith
United States
1970–present[176]
1973[176]
Hard rock[176]
7001847000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 84.7 million [show]

US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[b][12][52]
UK: 3.230 million[13]
GER: 2 million[b][14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.950 million[b][17]
AUS: 225,000[b][18][177]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 600,000[b][21]
SWE: 260,000[b][22]
SPA: 200,000[b][23][41]
MEX: 230,000[b][42]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]
ARG: 338,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
FIN: 101,722[47]

150 million[178]

Frank Sinatra
United States
1935–1995[179]
1939[179]
Pop / Swing[179]
7001373009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 37.3 million [show]

US: 28.2 million[b][11]
UK: 5.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 600,000[b][15]
CAN: 650,000[b][17]
AUS: 245,000[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 130,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][24][41][58]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]

150 million[180]

Barbra Streisand
United States
1960–present[181]
1963[181]
Pop / Adult contemporary[181]
7001974000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.4 million [show]

US: 82.450 million[11]
UK: 5.765 million[b][13]
GER: 750,000[b][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.650 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.047 million[b][18]
SWE: 120,000[22][57]
SPA: 150,000[b][58]
FIN: 186,501[b][47]
NZ: 137,500[b][34]

145 million[182]

Bruno Mars
United States
2004–present[183]
2010[183]
Pop rock / R&B[183]
7002120600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 120.6 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million[12][52]
UK: 13.3 million[13]
GER: 3.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.850 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 4.690 million[18]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
SWE: 440,000[22][57]
SPA: 470,000[23]
MEX: 780,000[42][43]
SWI: 405,000[25]
BEL: 345,000[27]
DEN: 365,000[b][61][184]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 532,500[34]
PHL: 330,000[185]

130 million[186]

Kanye West
United States
1996–present[187]
2004[187]
Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[187]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[188]
UK: 10.480 million[13]
GER: 300,000[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 135,000[b][20]
SWE: 160,000[57]
DEN: 404,000[60][61][69][189]

121 million[190]

Bruce Springsteen
United States
1972–present[191]
1973[191]
Rock[191]
7002101500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 101.5 million [show]

US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 7.145 million[13]
GER: 4.325 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[b][18]
ITA: 575,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 810,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.730 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]
DEN: 155,000[b][59][61][69][192]
AUT: 290,000[b][32]
FIN: 449,800[47]
IRE: 189,500[b][102]
NZ: 375,000[34][35]

120 million[193]

Bee Gees
United Kingdom
Australia[194][195]
1963–2003
2009–2012[196]
1963[196]
Pop / Disco[196]
7001673000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 67.3 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][197][198]
UK: 9.065 million[b][13]
GER: 6.675 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 3.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][58]
SWI: 415,000[b][25]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 380,000[b][34][35]

120 million[199]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Justin Bieber

Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Metallica

Jay Z

Bon Jovi

text:
To ensure the high level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Lady Gaga
United States
2005–present[200]
2008[200]
Pop / Dance / Electronic[200]
7001992000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 99.2 million [show]

US: 68.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][52]
UK: 10.985 million[13]
GER: 2.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.58 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
ITA: 815,000[b][20]
BRA: 470,000[21]
SWE: 680,000[22][57]
SPA: 410,000[23]
MEX: 390,000[42][98]
SWI: 445,000[25]
BEL: 270,000[27]
DEN: 340,000[60][61][101]
AUT: 182,500[32]
POL: 130,000[33]
IRE: 165,000[102]
NZ: 277,500[34][35]

114 million[201]

Metallica
United States
1981–present[202]
1983[202]
Heavy metal / Thrash metal[202]
7001943000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 94.3 million [show]

US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[b][12]
UK: 3.335 million[13]
GER: 3.525 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.805 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[b][18][19][203]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[b][21]
SWE: 675,000[b][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 430,000[b][42][98]
SWI: 560,000[b][25]
BEL: 335,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 180,000[61][60]
ARG: 874,000[28][29]
AUT: 340,000[b][32]
POL: 735,000[b][33]
FIN: 530,676[47]
NZ: 315,000[34][35]

110 million[204]

Justin Bieber
Canada
United States
2008–present[205]
2009[205]
Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[205]
7002128690000099999♠

Total available certified units: 128.7 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][52]
UK: 16.285 million[13]
GER: 3.1 million[14]
FRA: 1.2[16]
CAN: 4.820 million[17]
AUS: 4.375 million[18]
ITA: 1.795 million[20]
BRA: 810,000[21]
SWE: 1.820 million[22][57]
SPA: 880,000[23]
MEX: 2.910 million[42][43][98]
BEL: 450,000[27]
DEN: 1.985 million[61]
POL: 370,000[33]
AUT: 110,000[32]
NZ: 615,000[34]

100 million[206]

Katy Perry
United States
2001–present[207]
2008[207]
Pop[207]
7002128300000000000♠

Total available certified units: 128.3 million [show]

US: 97.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12][52]
UK: 11.950 million[13]
GER: 2.750 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[16]
CAN: 5.8 million[17]
AUS: 5.090 million[18]
ITA: 780,000[b][20]
BRA: 625,000[21]
SWE: 520,000[22][57]
SPA: 180,000[23]
MEX: 900,000[42][98]
SWI: 160,000[25]
BEL: 135,000[27]
DEN: 235,000[59][61]
AUT: 247,500[32]
NZ: 360,000[34][35]

100 million[208]

Adele
United Kingdom
2006–present[209]
2008[209]
Pop, soul[209]
7002104600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 104.6 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 20.550 million[13]
GER: 4.7 million[14]
CAN: 6.040 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
ITA: 1.545 million[b][20]
BRA: 1.310 million[21]
SWE: 240,000[22][57]
SPA: 800,000[23]
MEX: 1.490 million[42][43]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 795,000[27]
DEN: 597,500[59][61]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
FIN: 151,639[47]
NZ: 577,500[34]

100 million[210]

Jay Z
United States
1996–present[211]
1996[211]
Hip-hop[211]
7001966000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 96.6 million [show]

US: 81.2 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[52]
UK: 9.320 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
SWE: 130,000[22][57]

100 million[212]

Bon Jovi
United States
1983–present[213]
1983[213]
Hard rock / Glam metal[213]
7001838000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 83.8 million [show]

US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.400 million[b][12][52]
UK: 9.290 million[13]
GER: 5.650 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[b][18][214][215]
ITA: 110,000[b][20]
BRA: 435,000[b][21]
SWE: 365,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 250,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.275 million[b][25]
AUT: 725,000[b][32]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 358,000[28][29]
POL: 110,000[b][33]
FIN: 422,500[47]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[216]

Lil Wayne
United States
1996–present[217]
1999[217]
Hip-hop[217]
7001799000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79.9 million [show]

US: 77.7 million[11]
UK: 1.460 million[13]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 525,000[18]

100 million[218]

Linkin Park
United States
1996–present[219]
2000[219]
Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[219]
7001790000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79 million [show]

US: 58.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][52]
UK: 6.005 million[13]
GER: 5.850 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
ITA: 440,000[b][20]
BRA: 595,000[21]
SWE: 165,000[22][57]
SPA: 175,000[23]
MEX: 225,000[42]
SWI: 425,000[25]
BEL: 140,000[27]
DEN: 175,000[59][61]
AUT: 252,500[32]
POL: 220,000[33]
FIN: 120,469[47]
NZ: 252,500[34][35]

100 million[220]

Beyoncé
United States
1997–present[221]
2002[221][222]
R&B / Pop[221]
7001786009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 78.6 million [show]

US: 54.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][52]
UK: 13.685 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][83]
CAN: 1.395 million[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 260,000[b][20]
BRA: 390,000[21]
SPA: 1.010 million[b][23][223]
MEX: 110,000[42]
SWI: 165,000[25]
BEL: 115,000[27]
DEN: 312,500[60][61][69][101][224][225]
POL: 100,000[33]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[226]

Britney Spears
United States
1998–present[227]
1998[227]
Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[227]
7001785000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78.5 million [show]

US: 44.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][130]
UK: 10.150 million[13]
GER: 5.050 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.130 million[18]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 1.010 million[22][57]
SPA: 990,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 1.175 million[b][42]
SWI: 485,000[25]
AUT: 365,000[32]
BEL: 935,000[26][27]
ARG: 248,000[28][29]
DEN: 187,500[b][59][60][228][229]
POL: 210,000[33]
FIN: 143,627[47]
NZ: 240,000[34][35]

100 million[230]

Rod Stewart
United Kingdom
1964–present[231]
1969[231]
Rock / Pop[231]
7001778000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 77.8 million [show]

US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[b][12]
UK: 18.330 million[b][13]
GER: 3.8 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 4.055 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 290,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
ARG: 524,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 195,000[b][102]
NZ: 280,000[b][34][35]

100 million[232]

Fleetwood Mac
United Kingdom
United States
1967–present[233]
1968[233]
Rock / Pop[233]
7001761009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 76.1 million [show]

US: 51.250 million[11]
UK: 13.585 million[b][13]
GER: 3.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[b][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[b][17]
SPA: 300,000[b][41][58]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
NZ: 572,500[b][35][234][235]

100 million[236]

Guns N' Roses
United States
1985–present[237]
1987[237]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[237]
7001738000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 73.8 million [show]

US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[b][12]
UK: 5.850 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[b][18][19][165]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.9 million[b][21]
SWE: 485,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][40]
MEX: 760,000[b][42]
SWI: 365,000[b][25]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.248 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 365,000[32]
IRE: 105,000[b][102]
NZ: 270,000[34][35]

100 million[238]

George Strait
United States
1981–present[239]
1984[239]
Country[239]
7001728000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72.8 million [show]

US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[240]

Backstreet Boys
United States
1993–present[241]
1995[241]
Pop[241]
7001720000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][52][242]
UK: 4.875 million[13]
GER: 7 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[b][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[21]
SWE: 655,000[22]
SPA: 1.850 million[41][58]
MEX: 1.475 million[b][42]
SWI: 415,000[25]
BEL: 425,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 740,000[28]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 300,000[33]
FIN: 171,390[47]
NZ: 132,500[34]

100 million[243]

Neil Diamond
United States
1966–present[244]
1966[244]
Pop / Rock[244]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55.9 million[11]
UK: 7.130 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.945 million[b][18]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]
NZ: 127,500[b][34][35]

100 million[245]

Prince
United States
1976–2016[246]
1978[246]
Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[246]
7001642000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.2 million [show]

US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 7.045 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[22]
SPA: 700,000[b][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 250,000[b][25]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 177,500[b][34]

100 million[247]

Kenny Rogers
United States
1958–present[248]
1975[248]
Country / Pop[248]
7001601000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.4 million [show]

US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][249]
UK: 2.520 million[13]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[b][250][251]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]

100 million[252]

Paul McCartney
United Kingdom
1960–present[253]
1970[253]
Rock[253]
7001606000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.6 million [show]

US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12]
UK: 12.365 million[b][13]
GER: 1.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.955 million[b][17]
AUS: 465,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 210,000[b][57][254]
SPA: 640,000[b][24][40]
DEN: 210,000[b][60][255]

100 million[256]

Janet Jackson
United States
1982–present[257]
1982[257]
R&B / Pop[257]
7001521000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 52.1 million [show]

US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [b][12]
UK: 4.760 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[b][18][19]
SWE: 105,000[b][22]
SPA: 150,000[41][58]
SWI: 170,000[b][25]
BEL: 125,000[b][26]

100 million[258]

Julio Iglesias
Spain
1968–present[259]
1968[259]
Latin[259]
7001510000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51 million [show]

US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][260]
UK: 1.620 million[b][13][260]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][53][260]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 540,000[b][18][260]
ITA: 400,000[b][20][260]
NLD:950,000[b][260]
BRA: 12.475 million[b][21][260]
SWE: 290,000[b][22][260]
SPA: 8.7 million[b][23][24][40][41][58][260]
MEX: 2.975 million[b][42][260]
BEL: 125,000[b][260]
ARG: 3.220 million[b][28][260]
FIN: 131,636[b][47]

100 million[261]

Chicago
United States
1967–present[262]
1969[262]
Rock / Pop[262]
7001483000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48.3 million [show]

US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12][263]
UK: 1.490 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
SPA: 100,000[b][24]

100 million[264]

The Carpenters
United States
1969–1983[265]
1969[265]
Pop[265]
7001460000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46 million [show]

US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[b][12][115][266]
UK: 7.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 275,000[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]

100 million[267]

Bob Dylan
United States
1959–present[268]
1963[268]
Folk / Rock[268]
7001451000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.1 million [show]

US: 35.6 million[11]
UK: 5.825 million[b][13]
GER: 625,000[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[b][17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18]
SWI: 175,000[b][25]
NZ: 105,000[b][34]

100 million[269]

Dire Straits
United Kingdom
1977–1995[270]
1978[270]
Rock [270]
7001447000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.7 million [show]

US: 15.5 million[11]
UK: 11.1 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
BRA: 175,000[b][21]
SWE: 360,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
FIN: 471,530[47]
NZ: 155,000[b][35]

100 million[271]

Bryan Adams
Canada
1979–present[272]
1979[272]
Rock[272]
7001445000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.5 million [show]

US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 8.675 million[13]
GER: 3.850 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[b][18][273]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000 [b][24][41][58]
SWI: 805,000[b][25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 375,000[b][32]
FIN: 183,444[47]

100 million[274]

Def Leppard
United Kingdom
1977–present[275]
1979[275]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[275]
7001418009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 41.8 million [show]

US: 35.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 1.960 million[13]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][276]
SWE: 150,000[b][22]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

100 million[277]

Cher
United States
1964–present[278]
1965[278]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[278]
7001405000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.5 million [show]

US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 6.450 million[b][13]
GER: 4.175 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[b][16][53]
CAN: 1.340 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[b][18][279]
ITA: 300,000[b][280]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE: 850,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 600,000[b][41][58][280]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 295,000[b][25]
BEL: 275,000[b][26]
ARG: 106,000[b][28][260]
DEN: 300,000[b][280][281]
AUT: 250,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 150,000[34][282]

100 million[283]

Lionel Richie
United States
1968–present[284]
1981[284]
Pop / R&B[284]
7001404000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.4 million [show]

US: 28.650 million[11]
UK: 6.355 million[b][13]
GER: 1.050 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[b][17]
AUS: 260,000[b][18][285]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 150,000[24][40]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]

100 million[286]

Genesis
United Kingdom
1967–1999
2006–present[287]
1969[287]
Progressive rock / Pop rock[287]
7001399000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 39.9 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 7.325 million[b][13]
GER: 5.875 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[b][17]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SPA: 250,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]

100 million[288]

James Taylor
United States
1968–present[289]
1970[289]
Rock / Pop[289]
7001355000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.5 million [show]

US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[b][13]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 100,000[b][18]

100 million[290]

Olivia Newton-John
Australia
1966–present[291]
1966[291]
Pop[291]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 3.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
AUS: 310,000[b][18][19]

100 million[292]

Stevie Wonder
United States
1961–present[293]
1962[293]
Funk / R&B / Soul[293]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[b][12]
UK: 8.285 million[b][13]
GER: 500,000[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][53]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
SPA: 250,000[b][40]

100 million[294]

Tina Turner
United States
1955–present[295]
1975[295]
Rock / Pop[295]
7001328009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 32.8 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
UK: 8.145 million[13]
GER: 6.050 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 330,000[b][22]
SPA: 700,000[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 565,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 630,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
FIN: 241,954[47]

100 million[296]

Linda Ronstadt
United States
1967–present[297]
1968[297]
Rock / Folk / Country[297]
7001325000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 32.5 million [show]

US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[b][13]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 500,000[b][17]

100 million[298]

Donna Summer
United States
1968–2012[299]
1974[299]
Pop / Disco / R&B[299]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[b][13]
FRA: 900,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 100,000[b][41]

100 million[300]

The Beach Boys
United States
1961–present[301]
1962[301]
Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[301]
7001305000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.5 million [show]

US: 25.6 million[11]
UK: 3.410 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 492,500[b][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[b][40][41]

100 million[302]

David Bowie
United Kingdom
1962–2016[303]
1967[303]
Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[303]
7001299000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 29.9 million [show]

US: 11.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 11.745 million[b][13]
GER: 525,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 565,000[b][18]
ITA: 320,000[b][20]
SPA: 170,000[b][23][24][40]
NZ: 142,500[b][34]

100 million[304]

The Who
United Kingdom
1964–present[305]
1965[305]
Rock / Hard rock[305]
7001269000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 26.9 million [show]

US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 3.905 million[b][13]
FRA: 300,000[b][15]
CAN: 425,000[b][17]
ITA: 125,000[b][20]

100 million[306]

Barry White
United States
1972–2003[307]
1973[307]
R&B / Soul[307]
7001217000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 21.7 million [show]

US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[b][13]
FRA: 1.1 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]
SPA: 200,000[b][58]
BEL: 150,000[b][27]

100 million[308]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
B'z

Shania Twain

Coldplay

Flo Rida

Nicki Minaj

Ayumi Hamasaki

Van Halen

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Shania Twain
Canada
1993–present[309]
1993[309]
Country pop[309]
7001756009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 75.6 million [show]

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 6.795 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][53]
CAN: 6.8 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[b][18]
BRA: 475,000[21]
SWE: 330,000[22]
SPA: 100,000[58]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 310,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
AUT: 115,000[32]
NZ: 402,500[34][35]

90 million[310]

Coldplay
United Kingdom
1996–present[311]
1999[311]
Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[311]
7001758000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 75.8 million [show]

US: 27.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][52]
UK: 23.685 million[13]
GER: 4.150 million[14]
FRA: 2.930[16]
CAN: 3.205 million[17]
AUS: 3.655 million[18]
ITA: 2.595 million[b][20]
BRA: 340,000[21]
SWE: 670,000[22][57]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
MEX: 1.890 million[42][43][98]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 735,000[27]
ARG: 528,000[28][29]
DEN: 639,000[59][61]
AUT: 197,500[32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 210,000[b][102]
NZ: 345,000[34]

90 million[312]

Santana
United States
1966–present[313]
1969[313]
Rock[313]
7001618000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.8 million [show]

US: 47.475 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 2.980 million[b][13]
GER: 2.4 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.660 million[b][17]
AUS: 855,000[b][18]
BRA: 375,000[b][21]
SWE: 125,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][41][58]
MEX: 405,000[b][42]
SWI: 375,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 145,000[b][32]
POL: 205,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[b][34][35]

90 million[314]

Earth, Wind & Fire
United States
1969–present[315]
1971[315]
Funk / R&B / Soul[315]
7001356000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.6 million [show]

US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12][316][317]
UK: 2.525 million[13]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]

90 million[318]

Johnny Cash
United States
1954–2003[319]
1956[319]
Country/ Rock and roll/ Gospel[319]
7001307000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.7 million [show]

US: 25.7 million[11]
UK: 3.660 million[b][13]
GER: 400,000[b][14]
CAN: 490,000[b][17]
AUS: 522,500[b][18]

90 million[320]

B'z
Japan
1988–present[321]
1988[321]
Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[321]
7001855000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 85.5 million [show]

JPN: 85.5 million[b][12][52][106]

86 million[322]

Nicki Minaj
United States
2008–present[323]
2010[323]
Hip hop, Pop[323]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[52]
UK: 6.9 million[13]
GER: 800,000[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 480,000[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 375,000[20]
BRA: 250,000[21]
SWE: 400,000[22][57]
SPA: 100,000[23]
MEX: 150,000[42][98]
SWI: 180,000[25]
DEN: 130,000[61]
NZ: 187,500[34]

85 million[324]

R.E.M.
United States
1980–2011[325]
1983[325]
Alternative rock[325]
7001426000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.6 million [show]

US: 21.150 million[11]
UK: 8.765 million[13]
GER: 4.275 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[b][18][19]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 500,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 450,000[b][25]
BEL: 108,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 155,000[b][59][60]
AUT: 350,000[b][32]
IRE: 127,500[b][102]
NZ: 105,000[34]

85 million[326]

Flo Rida
United States
2007–present[327]
2007[327]
Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[327]
7001698000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 69.8 million [show]

US: 49 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[b][12][52]
UK: 7.960 million[13]
GER: 3 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 2.810 million[17]
AUS: 3.535 million[b][18]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
SWE: 780,000[22]
SPA: 140,000[58]
MEX: 330,000[b][42]
SWI: 420,000[25]
DEN: 205,000[b][61]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 247,500[34][35]

80 million[328]

Ayumi Hamasaki
Japan
1998–present[329]
1998[329]
J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[329]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

JPN: 64.3 million[12][52][106]

80 million[330][331]

Van Halen
United States
1978–present[332]
1978[332]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[332]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12][130]
UK: 740,000[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[b][21]

80 million[333]

Red Hot Chili Peppers
United States
1983–present[334]
1987[334]
Funk rock / Alternative rock[334]
7001578000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 57.8 million [show]

US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[b][12][52]
UK: 9.995 million[13]
GER: 2.650 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.590 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 455,000[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[b][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 150,000[b][42]
SWI: 405,000[b][25]
BEL: 170,000[b][27]
ARG: 406,000[28][29]
DEN: 227,000[b][59][60][69][335]
AUT: 247,500[b][32]
POL: 245,000[b][33]
FIN: 171,951[47]
NZ: 285,000[34][35]

80 million[336]

Foreigner
United States
United Kingdom
1976–present[337]
1977[337]
Rock / Hard Rock[337]
7001496000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 49.6 million [show]

US: 45.1 million[11]
UK: 1.300 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[b][18]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

80 million[338]

The Doors
United States
1965–1973[339]
1967[339]
Psychedelic rock[339]
7001469000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.9 million [show]

US: 36.6 million[11]
UK: 2.040 million[b][13]
GER: 1.750 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[b][18]
ITA: 130,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[21]
SPA: 300,000[b][40][58]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]
ARG: 150,000[b][28]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[340]

George Michael
United Kingdom
1981–2016[341]
1984[341]
Pop[341]
7001457000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.7 million [show]

US: 19.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.850 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.770 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 335,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 118,000[28][29]
DEN: 380,000[59][61][69][342]
AUT: 140,000[b][32]
POL: 340,000[b][33]
NZ: 140,000[34][35]

80 million[343]

Reba McEntire
United States
1975–present[344]
1987[344]
Country / Country Pop[344]
7001427000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.7 million [show]

US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[345]

Meat Loaf
United States
1968–present[346]
1977[346]
Rock / Hard rock[346]
7001415000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 41.5 million [show]

US: 23.6 million[11]
UK: 9.665 million[13]
GER: 2.350 million[14]
CAN: 3.260 million[17]
AUS: 2.382 million[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SWI: 115,000[b][25]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[347]

Barry Manilow
United States
1973–present[348]
1973[348]
Pop / Soft rock[348]
7001365000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 36.5 million [show]

US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[13]
CAN: 400,000[b][17]

80 million[349]

Tom Petty
United States
1976–2017[350]
1977[350]
Rock[350]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 31.250 million[11]
UK: 1 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[b][22]

80 million[351]

Johnny Hallyday
France
1957–present[352]
1960[352]
Rock / Pop[352]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

FRA: 24.035 million[b][15][16][53][83][353]
SWI: 268,000[b][25]
BEL: 430,000[b][26][27]

80 million[354]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

The Black Eyed Peas

Kenny G

Usher

Tupac Shakur

Robbie Williams

Enya

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas
United States
1995–present[355]
1998[355]
Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[355]
7001556000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 55.6 million [show]

US: 29.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][52]
UK: 10.8 million[13]
GER: 2.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
ITA: 365,000[b][20]
BRA: 255,000[21]
SWE: 300,000[22][57]
SPA: 460,000[b][23]
MEX: 390,000[b][42]
SWI: 460,000[25]
BEL: 460,000[27]
DEN: 161,000[b][61][69][101][356][356][357]
IRE: 135,000[b][102]
NZ: 340,000[34][35]

76 million[358]

Journey
United States
1973–present[359]
1975[359]
Rock / Soft rock[359]
7001620000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 62 million [show]

US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][360]
UK: 1.360 million[13]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[361]

Kenny G
United States
1982–present[362]
1984[362]
Smooth jazz[362]
7001519000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.9 million [show]

US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[b][12]
UK: 360,000[13]
CAN: 950,000[17]
BRA: 1.350 million[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[24][41]

75 million[363]

Usher
United States
1991–present[364]
1994[364]
R&B / Pop[364]
7001512000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.2 million [show]

US: 37.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][52]
UK: 7.925 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.190 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[22][57]
SWI: 170,000[25]
DEN: 117,500[b][61][60]
NZ: 150,000[34]

75 million[365]

Tupac Shakur
United States
1991–1996[366]
1991[366]
Hip hop[366]
7001509000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.9 million [show]

US: 46.2 million[11]
UK: 3.015 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 395,000[18]

75 million[367]

Robbie Williams
United Kingdom
1990–present[368]
1996[368]
Pop rock[368]
7001502000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.2 million [show]

US: 500,000[11]
UK: 27.350 million[13]
GER: 9.475 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][53]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 360,000[b][20]
SWE: 445,000[22][57]
SPA: 440,000[b][23][58]
MEX: 1.595 million[b][42]
SWI: 983,000[25]
BEL: 600,000[26][27]
ARG: 462,000[28][29]
DEN: 631,500[b][59][60][61][69][77]
AUT: 917,500[32]
POL: 140,000[33]
FIN: 235,743[47]
IRE: 135,000[b][102]
NZ: 445,000[34]

75 million[369]

Enya
Ireland
1982–present[370]
1987[370]
New-age / Celtic[370]
7001500000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[b][12]
UK: 5.250 million[13]
GER: 4.2 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[22]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][41]
MEX: 125,000[b][42]
SWI: 370,000[b][25]
BEL: 460,000[b][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 100,000[b][30][371][372][373]
AUT: 185,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[34]

75 million[374]

Alabama
United States
1972–present[375]
1980[375]
Country / Pop rock[375]
7001480000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48 million [show]

US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[376]

Nirvana
United States
1987–1994[377]
1989[377]
Grunge / Alternative rock[377]
7001455000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.5 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12]
UK: 5.570 million[13]
GER: 1.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.257[b][18][203][378]
ITA: 375,000[b][20]
BRA: 725,000[b][21]
SWE: 380,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][41]
MEX: 475,000[b][42]
SWI: 190,000[25]
BEL: 350,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 522,000[28][29]
AUT: 230,000[b][32]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
NZ: 215,000[34][35]

75 million[379]

The Police
United Kingdom
1977–1986
2007–2008[380]
1978[380]
Pop / Rock[380]
7001388009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 38.8 million [show]

US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 8.160 million[13]
GER: 1.775 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[b][18]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 140,000[b][21]
SPA: 300,000[b][24][40]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
BEL: 115,000[b][381][382][383]
ARG: 228,000[b][28][29]

75 million[384]

Bob Marley
Jamaica
1962–1981[385]
1975[385]
Reggae[385]
7001389000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 38.9 million [show]

US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 7.4 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[386][387]
ITA: 225,000[b][20]
SWE: 120,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 303,000[b][25]
ARG: 376,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 427,500[b][34][35]

75 million[388]

Kiss
United States
1972–present[389]
1974[389]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[389]
7001278000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 27.8 million [show]

US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[b][17]
UK: 100,000[13]
AUS: 130,000[b][18]
ARG: 112,000[b][390]

75 million[391]

Aretha Franklin
United States
1956–present[392]
1961[392]
Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[392]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 840,000[b][13]
FRA: 275,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]

75 million[393]


document_title: Spencer Hastings

question_text: when does spencer become part of the a team

root

text: Spencer Hastings

text: Character in print[edit]

text: Spencer is one of four primary protagonists in all sixteen of the Pretty Little Liars novels, starting with 2006's Pretty Little Liars. She is portrayed as a competitive girl who strives for perfection in everything she does. Spencer is willing to do whatever it takes to win, often to the detriment of herself and others. She is known to have a dark side; She appears to suffer from rage-induced black outs, which leads her to question whether she had anything to do with the death of her friend Alison, and also shows signs of OCD. Spencer also suffers from drug addiction, which she began taking to help her improve her grades at a University of Pennsylvania summer school. She is the half-sister of Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis, as her father had an affair with Jessica DiLaurentis around the time of Spencer's conception. Spencer has a permanent rivalry with her older sister, Melissa, who is also competitive. Throughout the series of books, the two discuss the implications of their individual successes of life, such as becoming the valedictorian of their classes and having winning essays. Throughout the story, the sisters make up, and in the later books they share a strong bond.

tag: p

text: Relationships[edit]

text:
Ian Thomas: Spencer and Ian kissed prior to the first chapter of the series, and their flirt was condemned by Alison, who threatened to expose it to Melissa, who was Ian's then girlfriend.
Wren Kim: Just like with Ian, Spencer kissed a boyfriend of Melissa. Wren moves in with Melissa to the Hastings' barn, and he and Spencer connect shortly after, culminating in them kissing and having sex — and being caught by Melissa, who ends her relationship with Wren and kicks him away. Spencer and Wren continue a secret date, but break up later. During the final book, Spencer meet with Wren again after months and they restart their relationship, with Melissa's blessing.
Zach Pennythistle: Zachary is Veronica's boyfriend's son, and Spencer kisses him even after she discovered he is gay. Zachary's father caught them kissing and send Zach to military academy.
Colin DeSoto: They meet when Spencer is visiting her grandmother's house in the companion novel Pretty Little Secrets, and Spencer competes with Melissa for him. However, they discover that Colin is actually a 33-years-old married man with a child, and team up to get back at him by spiking his soda water with viagra before a tennis match.
Chase and Curtis: After enlisting a blogger's help in finding "A", Spencer meet with blogger Chase and they share a mutual romantic attraction. However, she later discovers that the guy she thought was Chase was actually his brother, Curtis. She meets the real Chase at the end of the novel; though they do not begin an official relationship, it is implied that they will stay in touch. Throughout the final book, the two become closer during their mission to take down "A" and her accomplice.

tag: ul

text: Character on screen[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Troian Bellisario was cast as Spencer Hastings for the Pretty Little Liars television series adaptation in November 2009.[5]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Spencer is a focused and intelligent girl. Unlike in the books, Spencer is more emotional and sentimental, and has great affection for her family and friends, and is also known to be more humorous than her book counterpart. She's the most academically gifted of her friends, and in the running for valedictorian. Spencer is on the Rosewood Day field hockey team, and plays tennis at her family's country club. She lives with her father, mother, and "perfect" older sister, Melissa. She was the only one who could ever stand up to Alison, although they always made up.

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Before the series' chronology, Spencer had a brief affair with Ian Thomas, her sister's groom at the time. Ian and Spencer kissed and Alison saw them together, and later she threatened to tell Melissa.[6] It was later revealed that Alison asked Ian to kiss Spencer. Early in the series, Spencer's sister Melissa was dating Wren Kingston. She was happy and confident, but Spencer and Wren started flirting and secretly dating. However, Melissa saw them together and banned Wren of her home.[7] Their relationship continued till Spencer said goodbye to Wren and told him that she couldn't stay with him anymore.[8] Spencer and Wren seek each other again in the second season.[9][10][11] Spencer and Alex Santiago were dating during early the first season.[12] Alex confided the secret that he was accepted into a tennis clinic to Spencer. Later, they broke up when "A" sent fake messages to Alex, making him believe that Spencer told his secret.[13]

text: Spencer and Toby Cavanaugh had a friendly relationship in the second half of the first season, which was later evolved when they first kissed.[14] Their relationship remained stable, until "A" threatened Toby's life to Spencer and she decided to end up things.[15] They hook up again when Spencer discovers he was working to take "A" down and they reunite at the town's square.[16] However, it was later revealed that Toby was actually working with "A," making Spencer break up with him.[17] Then, Spencer started to believe that there were some reasons why Toby joined the A-Team, and she discovers that he's alive and joined the team in order to protect her and to act as a double-agent.[18] Their relationship stayed calm and on-going. In season 5, Toby becomes a cop, which makes his relationship with Spencer tough, since Spencer wants him to share all the information the police has, but Toby starts to prefer his duty. The love drought leads Spencer to other men — Jonny Raymond and Colin. Spencer and Jonny were friends while Jonny was living in the renovated barn of Spencer's family. He was discovered by the police and, before being arrested, kissed Spencer.[19] Spencer goes to London with Melissa and she meets Colin there. They have happy days together, until Spencer had to leave London, and they kissed.[20] When Spencer returned to Rosewood, she and Toby resumed their relationship. In the mid-season finale, Spencer moved to Georgetown to study and she had a pregnancy scare and she and Toby realized they wanted different things in their lives, leading to a break up.[21]

text: Following the series' five years jump on the mid-sixth season, Spencer and Caleb Rivers discovered their feelings for each other; they had sex and started dating later. They later broke up due to Caleb's feelings for Hanna. Spencer and Toby begin dating again in the series finale.[22][23]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Spencer Hastings is the "preppy girl" of the group who strives to be perfect, because of her parent's high expectations. Her newly engaged and condescending sister, Melissa, moves into the family barn which Spencer had been turning into a loft for herself. Spencer finds herself attracted to her sister's fiancé, Wren, whom "A" warns Spencer not to kiss or "A" will tell. Wren does kiss Spencer and they are caught by Melissa, who insists that Wren move out.

text: Spencer starts dating a boy named Alex who works at her country club. Her mother initially dislikes him, but later reveals that he knew that she had a breast cancer scare. Spencer's field hockey coach is her sister's ex-boyfriend, Ian, whom both Ali and Spencer had a crush on. Spencer and Ali are always competing and she was the only one of Ali's friends who would oppose her from time to time.

text: At the beginning of the series, Spencer was against Emily hanging out with Toby but eventually grew to like him and has been spending more and more time with him. In the episode "Person of Interest", they spend time together in a motel room, as Spencer's parents have a hard time understanding her connection with Ali's murder. Spencer and Toby play scrabble, sleep in the same bed, and eventually kiss near the end of the episode.

text: In the following episodes, Spencer is told to stay away from Toby for her own good by her mother. Her sister Melissa was at the doctor and is asked all about Spencer's case. She then makes an arrangement to see him in private at the town's festival, only to be sent a fake text (presumably from "A") telling her to meet Toby in the clown house. When she enters, she is locked into a small space. She is found by Ian, her mother, and her sister.

text: When leaving, she sees Toby and almost leaves without speaking to him, but then rushes to him, hugs him and kisses him in front of her shocked family. She anonymously tells Ian to meet them in the woods with money as they say that they know his secret. However, Spencer and Melissa get into a car accident and Melissa is stuck in the hospital. Spencer goes to the church to get Melissa's phone and Ian is in the church waiting. She starts running upstairs and Ian tries to attack her but a mysterious figure appears and pushes Ian off the side and he dies. The rest of the girls arrive having been to the forest. They see the dead body and call the police.

text: When the police arrive the body is not there, leaving the rest of the town to think that the girls are liars. Spencer has a huge fight with Alison ending their friendship by telling Alison "You are dead to me" the night she went missing. Melissa now thinks that Spencer has been texting her as Ian after finding his cell phone in her purse which was planted there by "A.".

text: Season 2[edit]

text: In season 2, Spencer and Toby are dating. Toby does some yard work for the Hastings and digs up Spencer's old field hockey stick which she gave to Ali before she died. Spencer's father sees this and suspiciously takes the stick, and later burns it. After doing some further investigating, she reads Alison's autopsy results and finds that she was struck in the head with an object similar to a field hockey stick. While Spencer and Toby are making out in Toby's truck Toby believes he spots something in Jason DiLaurentis's upstairs window but tells Spencer to ignore it. Spencer weary, looks for herself and spots two figures in the window presumably spying on Toby and her, Spencer wants to "show these bitches she isn't scared of them" Toby protests thinking that it won't end up going over well when Spencer's father comes out of the house. When Spencer asks questions her father refuses to answer. After fighting with both Spencer and Toby, Spencer's father tells her to go home, Spencer ignores his wishes and gets into Toby truck and they drive away, while Spencer's father yelling at her to get out of the car.

text: When Spencer later arrives home she wants answers, and gets some, finding out that her father did something illegal for the DiLaurentis's implying that they had something on Spencer's family but not giving away that information. Spencer later discovers that Wren came back to Rosewood for her. In order to keep Aria away from Jason, Spencer informed Ezra that they found pictures of his girlfriend Aria in Jason's shed. When Spencer's Chuckie doll orders her to "keep Toby safe", Spencer resolves that the only way to keep Toby safe is to break up with him. Later, Toby is seen in the police station, professing his love to Spencer, but she unwillingly ignores him. She does seek Toby's forgiveness on several occasions, but he seems to ignore her and stay brooding.

text: In episode 19 she finds out that Jason is her brother. This information causes a divide in her family. During episode 20 Spencer and Wren rekindle their relationship, however Spencer was drinking during the event. It is Spencer that keeps digging into the "A" information, and is the one who eventually finds "A's" lair in the season 2 finale along with discovering A's identity...who turns out to be Mona. She is essentially kidnapped by "A," and during a scuffle accidentally pushes "A" off of a cliff, almost killing them. The rest of the girl's arrive shaken by the ordeal and finding out their tormentor's real identity. As the police arrive, Spencer is reunited with Toby, who says pretending not to love her back was the most difficult thing he's ever done. The two then make up passionately kissing as Spencer smiles happily while kissing him.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Summer has passed since the unveiling of "A", and the girls think they are safe - little do they know they need each other more than ever. The first half of the season focuses on Spencer finding out who the black swan was: her sister. Melissa tells her she received the dress at her door - with a note threatening her to wear it - and she assumed that it was Mona. Spencer decides to believe her, but is still a little suspicious. She grows closer to Toby, even having sex for the first time in the episode "The Lady Killer". In the same episode, however, it is revealed (not to the liars, but to the audience) that Toby is a member of The A-Team. Hanna finds the key to A's new lair and gives it to Spencer. Toby sneaks into her house to retrieve it, not realizing Spencer set it as a trap to confirm her suspicions. She slaps him, after seeing him in the signature 'A jacket'. She doesn't tell her friends, rather keeping it to herself.

text: She gives the key to a private investigator and gives him a picture of Toby and her, before ripping it in half. She tells him in order to find where the key leads to, follow him. He leaves and Spencer disturbingly begins to rip her own half of the picture of herself. She begins to withdraw herself from her friends, and becomes emotionally unstable. She is angry, and starts to unravel and do things she knows she shouldn't (attacking Mona physically, and telling Jason that Alison was pregnant before she died with Darren Wilden, but had no physical proof). In the episode "Hot Water" she tells the girls the truth about Toby. Also in the same episode, she catches a glimpse of the girl in the red coat who is the leader of The 'A' Team, but fails to catch up with her. In the episode "Out of Sight, Out of Mind" she finds Toby's dead body and tells him, "I love you". After failing to track Mona down in the woods she is found by a hiker in the morning with small injuries to her face and arms and is admitted to the Radley hospital in a catatonic state. She is unknown by doctors at the time and is simply known as, 'Jane Doe'. When her identity is revealed to the Radley staff, Mona visits her. They have a long discussion and it is revealed in "I'm Your Puppet" that Mona somehow convinces her to join the A team. Spencer is the third known member of the A team.

text: In the Season 3 finale "A Dangerous GAme", it is revealed that Toby is alive. She meets him at a diner, and he reveals he only joined The 'A' Team in order to protect her. They get back together and have sex for the second time in a motel. Spencer hosts a fake party at a lodge where the girls are supposed to meet "Red Coat", when an unknown figure starts a fire, trapping Aria, Hanna, Emily, and Mona in the burning house. Toby leads Spencer in the woods to see who "Red Coat" is. Red Coat lands in a helicopter, and Spencer catches a glimpse of her face and says "Ali?". The girl in the red coat drags everyone out of the house, and Hanna wakes up, face-to-face with Alison. Although 3 of the girls (Spencer, Hannah, Mona) claim to have seen Ali, it is still not 100% sure that it was her, because it is possible it could have been a hallucination due to the effects of the fire. They drive and see Wilden's car dug up from the lake. They (including Mona)get a text: You're Mine Now. Kisses! -A, which is written in red font. They open the trunk, gasping and horrified at what they see.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: Spencer and her friends continue to be tormented by A. After Ashley Marin is suspected to have killed Wilden and is taken into custody, Spencer supports Hanna while her mom defends Ashley's case. She also supports Toby in finding out the truth about his mother even though she does not approve his trusting A for clues.

text: In the midseason finale, Spencer and her friends go to Ravenswood after receiving a puzzling clue from 'A.' There she and her friends discover that there are two red coats, one being CeCe Drake. Spencer chase the other red coat who leads her to A's Lair. Spencer presumes that the 2nd Redcoat is Alison. The second Redcoat leads Spencer and the other girls to an apartment, which when they enter and investigate, realize that it is A's Lair and after finding a wardrobe with blazers and shoes that 'A' is male, we later come to discover that it is Ezra's apartment and he is 'A'. While in the lair they discover that A has not only been following them but also Alison, and 'A' thinks that Alison will be in rosewood that night at a graveyard party. the girls discover what 'A' costume is and decide to also go to the graveyard party and try to find Alison before 'A' does. While looking for Alison, the girls find themselves separated in an old house, Spencer comes across 'A' while looking for Hanna and knocks 'A' out, however as she tries to unmask Ezra, she herself gets knocks out by Ezra. Once the girls are out of the house, they discover that Spencer's tires are slashed and then Ezra turns up out of nowhere and drives them back home. The girls see Redcoat and follow her to Spencer's garden and she turns around and we discover that it's Alison and that she is not dead.

text: Following this, Spencer begins to try even harder to work out who A is, in order to make it safe for Alison to come home. Overwhelmed by both her investigation and school work, she begins abusing amphetamines. It is later revealed that she had abused them before and was addicted to them the summer prior to Ali's disappearance. This leads her to begin to question her own role in the death of the girl in Ali's grave that night. She eventually ends up being sent to rehab by her parents, and upon getting out, and meeting Ali in New York, is reassured that although her and Alison did fight whilst she was on the drugs, she did go back to sleep in the end.She was dating toby.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: With Alison's return, Spencer has a hard time getting used with her domination. Spencer struggles with the idea of her father being the killer of Jessica DiLaurentis. Spencer's rivalry with her sister Melissa is put to and end when Melissa reveals that she's the one who buried Bethany Young, in order to protect Spencer. Later, Spencer is arrested for Bethany's murder; however, she was released shortly after when the P.D. gets convinced that Alison is the one who is really responsible. Toby becomes a cop, which makes his relationship with Spencer tough, since Spencer wants him to share all the information the police has, but Toby starts to prefers to keep quiet. The love drought leads Spencer to other men — Jonny and Colin. Spencer and Melissa's relationship gets awkward again when Melissa lies to Spencer. In the season finale, Spencer and the others are arrested as accomplices to Mona's murder; however, on the way to prison, their van is hijacked by "A." and they get taken to A's 'DollHouse'

text: Season 6[edit]

text: In the aftermath of the Liars' abduction orchestrated by "A," Spencer's old addiction surfaces again in order to relieve stress. A sleep disorder also recur due to the torture she had faced while being trapped in A'S Dollhouse, and it heavily intensifies the addiction, making Spencer ask for help from Dean, and old counselor, and Sabrina, the new-in-charge at the Brew who gives Spencer brownies with marijuana. Spencer starts to investigate who's behind the Carissimi Group and who Charles is. Meanwhile, her relationship with Toby remains untouchable. In the mid-season finale, it is revealed that CeCe Drake is "A," and the Liars finally gets peace.

text: Afterwards, Spencer moves to Georgetown in order to get involved with a future political career in Washington, D.C., and ends up in a lobbyist career. She returns to Rosewood five years later at Alison's request, and also to depose on Charlotte's release from psychological hospital. It is revealed that during the five last years she and Toby broke up because of the distance and the different future plans, and, following, she started a thrilling flirt with Caleb Rivers. Having to stay in Rosewood after Charlotte was murdered, she starts working on her mother's election campaign for Senate, while the daughter of the other candidate is Yvonne Phillips, Toby's current girlfriend. Spencer finds out that Charlotte was killed in a copycat manner off a murder she wrote an essay about in college, leading her to start thinking that the police could blame her for Charlotte's death.[24]

text: A new stalker, now entitled as "A.D.", surfaces, resulting in tension. When a document about Yvonne's mother leaks and Caleb takes the blame, Spencer goes crazy, and Toby fights with him. Spencer, along with the other Liars, Caleb, Mona and Toby, elaborate a plan to take "A.D." down, but everything goes down when the stalker kidnaps Hanna.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: In "The Darkest Knight", Spencer is shot by Uber A during the attack by Jenna and Noel. As Jenna is preparing to shoot her again, out of revenge for her and Charlotte, Mary Drake comes in and knocks Jenna out. Mary then cradles Spencer's body and reveals that she is indeed Spencer's mother, making Spencer the biological sister of CeCe Drake. In season 7b, Spencer and the other liars receive a big board game called "Liar's Lament", and in the episode "These Boots Are Made For Stalking", it is revealed that Spencer is Mary Drake's second child. In the last half of the last episode, we find out that Spencer was locked up inside a "cell". While the "Spencer", who we saw kissing Toby and then having sex with, was actually Alex Drake, her twin sister, also known as A.D. Alex, jealous of Spencer, wanted to have everything she never had, a family, friends, and even Toby, who she had "fallen in love with", so she kidnapped the real Spencer, pretending to be her all the time. And through the flashbacks, we are shown when Alex Drake impersonates her sister. It was Alex, not Spencer, who was with Hanna when Hanna was kidnapped. In the flashbacks, we are shown some examples of when Alex has "played" Spencer. Alex was the one who asked Toby for "one last kiss, just to say goodbye" in "The Darkest Knight". Spencer and Ezra, who had been kidnapped as well, escaped the cell, but soon were trapped with Alex. Spencer and Alex fought until the Liars plus Toby and Caleb found them. Both pleading to be the "real" Spencer, Toby figures out who the real Spencer is by asking what is her favorite poem in the book she gave him in "The Darkest Knight". The real Spencer responds with the correct response and Alex is arrested along with Mary Drake. Spencer and Toby resume their relationship and start dating again at the end of the series.


document_title: No More (Ruff Endz song)

question_text: who sings the song no more shopping sprees

text: No More (Ruff Endz song)

text:
"No More"

Single by Ruff Endz

from the album Love Crimes

Released
June 27, 2000

Format
CD single

Recorded
1999

Genre
R&B

Length
4:03

Label
Epic

Songwriter(s)
Edward Ferrell, Clifton Lighty, Darren Lighty, Balewa Muhammad

Producer(s)
Edward "Eddie F." Ferrell & Darren Lighty

Ruff Endz singles chronology

"If I Was The One"
(2000)
"No More"
(2000)
"Where Does Love Go From Here"
(2000)

"If I Was The One"
(2000)
"No More"
(2000)
"Where Does Love Go From Here"
(2000)

text: "No More" is the title of a number-one R&B single by group Ruff Endz. The song spent one week at number one on the US R&B chart and peaked at number five on the US pop chart. The song is the duo's best-selling and known single to date.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Charts (2000-2001)
Peak
position

US Billboard Hot 100[1]
5

US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[1]
1

text:
End of year chart (2000)
Position

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[2]
39


document_title: Miley Stewart

question_text: who does hannah montana pick jake or jessie

text: Miley Stewart

text: Conception and casting

text: The character was originally named Chloe Stewart but was changed to Miley Stewart.[1]

text: Cyrus learned about the casting for a new Disney show at the age of 11 through a Nashville talent agent. She sent in a tape auditioning for the show's best friend role, but received a call asking her to audition for the lead. After she sent in a tape and was flown to Hollywood for further auditions, Cyrus was told that she was too young and too small for the role. However, Cyrus' persistence and ability to sing in addition to act caused the show's producers to invite her back for further auditions. Producers eventually narrowed the large pool of candidates down to three actresses, including Cyrus and Taylor Momsen, and gave the part to Cyrus, then twelve.[2] According to Disney Channel president Gary Marsh, Cyrus was chosen because of her energetic and lively performance and was seen as a person who "loves every minute of life,"[3] with the "everyday relatability of Hilary Duff and the stage presence of Shania Twain."[4]

text: Cyrus' casting also led to the casting of her real life father, Billy Ray Cyrus, as the father of her character on the show. Cyrus was initially wary; according to her mother and co-manager, Tish Cyrus, "Miley's concern at the time was, oh my gosh, people are going to think I only got this part because of my dad."[2] However, worried that her family would otherwise have to be separated as they had been when her father first landed the lead in the television series Doc, Cyrus relented and helped audition her father for the part.[2]

text: Character

text: Backstory

text: Miley was born on November 23, 1992 (Cyrus's real birth date), in the fictional town of Crowley Corners in Tennessee, in Buford County, Tennessee, (probably located somewhere in southern Williamson or northern Maury Counties). Her family consisted of her parents Robby and Susan Stewart and an older brother named Jackson. She also has many relatives in her extended family including her grandmother Ruthie Stewart, Aunt Dolly (played by Dolly Parton), Uncle Earl and Aunt Pearl, and a cousin named Luanne (who looks nearly identical and is also played by Cyrus). The characterizations given to most of her family members poke fun at country bumpkin stereotypes. She also had a pet pig named Luanne and a pet hamster named Leslie. She has a horse named Blue Jeans, who came from Tennessee to Malibu to live with Miley and her family.

text: Miley received a love for music from her father, who was a popular country music star. Her parents recognized Miley's potential and gave her a guitar on December 25, 2000. This event is shown in the episode "I Am Hannah, Hear Me Croak" when Miley views it on her laptop.[5]

text: By the time she was 12 years old, Miley had become a famous pop star under the stage name "Hannah Montana." She goes to great lengths to disguise herself as Hannah in order to keep her true identity a secret, because she is worried that if people knew her secret they would like her just because she's famous. The only people who knew she's Hannah before revealing her identity to the world in I'll Always Remember You, outside of her family are her best friends, Lilly Truscott, Oliver Oken and her bodyguard Roxy. However, in the episode "Hannah Montana to the Principal's Office" it is shown that the President of the United States knows her secret.

text: Family relationships

text: Miley is especially close with her father, from whom she receives much good advice and emotional support. She also values her relationships with her best friends Lilly and Oliver. However Miley is shown to be very uncomfortable with the fact that they're dating and even stops them from being a couple. Her relationship with Lilly occasionally suffers the occasional setback, but they always make up. In the episode 'What I Don't Like About You', Miley is asked to choose a side between a fight Lilly and Oliver had. But Miley, showing what a kind friend she was, made a mini-Indiana Joannie movie, which made Lilly and Oliver forgive each other. Miley's relationship with her brother Jackson is often hostile. The two siblings constantly fight and trash talk each other. However, in a few private conversations, both Miley and Jackson say that they love and appreciate each other, but they are both unwilling to admit this in public.[6]

text: Romantic relationships

text: Miley also has several dating relationships, many of which are short lived.

text: Oliver Oken (played by Mitchel Musso): Miley and Lilly's best male friend. "In I Honestly Love You (No Not You)", Miley believes that Oliver is in love with her when she overhears him (while asleep in the hospital because of a broken ankle) say "I love you". However, after a talk with her dad she thinks that Oliver will move on and so will Lilly but when Lilly announces that she is in love with Oliver, Miley ends up telling her the truth. Lilly and Miley hatch a plan to get Oliver back but only to find out that he was practicing saying "I love you" so he could say it to Lilly. They both say that they love each other in the end of the episode. (It is mentioned in this episode that neither Oliver nor Miley have romantic feelings for each other). However, Oliver did used to have romantic feelings towards Hannah Montana before he knew she was Miley. Miley,at first, didn't want to tell him who she was, just in case he had romantic feelings for her as Miley, but when she eventually told him, he saw her as just a friend.

text: Leslie "Jake" Ryan (played by Cody Linley): Jake is a famous television star. Miley and Jake meet when he briefly attends Seaview Middle School. Jake is attracted to Miley because she is the only person at school who is not starstruck by his arrival. Miley at first denies having feelings for him, but she tries to "make him jealous" by using another guy. It works in a fortunate result of her and Jake kissing, but Jake tells Miley he has to go shoot a movie in Romania and she stands him up. Jake then reappears in "Achy Jakey Heart" Part 1 and tries to win Miley back. She decides to give him a chance, after Jake revealing feelings for her on live national TV. Miley soon tells Jake that she's Hannah Montana, because Jake told his secret to Miley. Jake tries to play normal like Miley, but when he cannot handle the pressure of not getting what he wants, the two decide to be just friends, although it is revealed to the audience in "Jake... Another Piece of My Heart," that both Jake and Miley still have feelings for each other, but neither one is willing to admit it. In "He Could Be The One", Miley chooses Jake over Jesse (her guitarist) because they have so much history and she believes he could be the one. They then officially start dating. It was unknown whether they were still together or not because Jake had never been seen or mentioned since the episode "He could be the one". However,in the season 4 episode "California Screamin" it is implied that the two are still together as Miley talks about Jake quite often in the episode suggesting that they haven't broken up. In the season 4 episode "It's the End of Jake As We Know It" Oliver gets a picture texted to his phone of Jake cheating on Miley, so Miley beats Jake up on the taping of a Christmas special with guest star Sheryl Crow. This ends their relationship for good.

text: Travis Brody (played by Lucas Till): Travis is a childhood friend from Tennessee. It is said in the movie that they both used to like each other when they were younger. The two become reacquainted during Miley's return to Tennessee in Hannah Montana: The Movie. He discovers that Miley is Hannah Montana and the two kiss, assuming that they get together. However, even though the movie does not show it, it is implied that they broke up due to the fact that Miley went back to California and their relationship would not work long distance. Also, he is not mentioned during the episodes following the movie.

text: Jesse (played by Drew Roy): Is a part of Hannah's band in episode "He Could Be The One". Hannah pretends to like Jesse, so that Robby will be thankful of Jake. But she starts to have real feelings for him. Miley then has to listen to her heart and chose the guy who could "be the one." She ends up choosing Jake over Jesse. In the season 4 episode "Been Here All Along", She goes out on a date with Jesse (as Miley), but gets angry when he took a phone call from his father, since she blow off her "father- daughter day" with her dad, but when Jesse tells her that he took the call because his dad is stationed in Afghanistan and they don't get to talk often, Miley is inspired to hold a concert as Hannah for military families. In another episode in the 4th season Miley reveals to Jesse that she is Hannah. Yet to her surprise he already knows. Jesse can't take the pressure of dating Hannah and Miley and ends it with Miley. In the end of the episode, Jesse comes back to Miley and then she reveals her secret to the whole world.

text: Education

text: In the first season, Miley is an 8th grader at Seaview Middle School, and in the second season she enters Seaview High School. She became a sophomore in early episodes in Season 3 and later, a junior during the season before the beginning of Season 4. Despite her father offering her the option of homeschooling, Miley decided to attend Public School in order to be a "normal kid," a decision she sometimes finds herself regretting.[7] Due to her double life, she is often in awkward positions and is forced to lie in order to keep her secret.

text: Miley's best friends are classmates Lilly Truscott (Emily Osment) and Oliver Oken (Mitchel Musso) who both learn her secret and help her keep it from their other classmates.

text: Hobbies and interests

text: Apart from her life as a pop star, Miley leads a very normal life. She is fond of camping[8] and hanging out at the beach, but is not at all athletic.[9] She has a fear of spiders[10] and visiting the dentist.[11] She also occasionally struggles with her school work and her self-confidence. She often goes through over-the-top schemes to deal with her problems. Although she never plays instruments while performing as Hannah, Miley can play the piano and the guitar. She owns several acoustic and electric guitars, including a black strat copy she nicknamed "Whammy Bar Wally"[12] and a pink sparkle electric acoustic Stardust Series Daisy Rock guitar.[13] In Hannah Montana: The Movie, Miley plays a custom built Gibson acoustic guitar.

text: While her father is her main songwriter, Miley has written a few of her own songs. In "She's a Supersneak," Miley writes the song "I Miss You" about her mother after learning her father is dating another woman. (In real life, the song was written by Miley Cyrus for her grandfather Ron Cyrus.) In Hannah Montana: The Movie, Stewart writes "Butterfly Fly Away" and "The Climb". Stewart wrote "Butterfly Fly Away" after an argument with Travis (Till) and her dad breaking off his relationship for her. In the story, "The Climb" began when she was in the hen house writing. Travis (Till) told her that the song didn't represent who she is or how she feels. Later in a concert, she performs it live revealing the entire song with its new lyrics. Then, in the episode "He Could Be the One" Miley wrote a song called "I'm Just Having Fun". While practicing with her band, Miley decided the song needed lyrical innovation and revamping. Then, when she was mad at her father; Miley altered the lyrics to a "I don't care what you say, I don't care what you say, just 'cause your my daddy doesn't mean you get it your way". She decided to give up on the song, but later with her guitar player she finally made it into "He Could Be the One", inspired by Jake (Cody Linley) and Jesse (her guitar player). In the 4th season, Miley writes a bunch of new songs that are heard and played throughout the season. She made a song with Iyaz called "Gonna Get This".

text: Hannah Montana

text: Hannah Montana is Miley Stewart's alter ego. The character was originally going to be named Alexis Texas, but the name was changed to Hannah Montana.[14] Hannah exists as a secret identity, an extremely popular and influential worldwide popstar. Hannah's many fans are not aware that she is really just a normal teenage girl, and Miley tries to keep her two lives separate from each other.

text: Secret and purpose

text: Keeping Miley's secret involves a two sided effort. As Hannah, she must keep her fans unaware that she is really a normal kid, and as Miley, she must keep her friends unaware that she is really Hannah Montana. In interviews, Miley Cyrus spoke of the implausibility of being able to keep a secret such as Miley and her family do in the show in a world of intense media scrutiny. The show however, remains workable primarily based on suspension of disbelief.

text: In the show, three other people (Robby, Lilly, and Oliver) also wear disguises when around Hannah to prevent anyone from drawing a connection to Miley (Jackson is himself, only as a childhood friend). Hannah also typically swaps limos as she leaves concert venues to keep the paparazzi from following her home.[15] Miley must also rely on the silence of the people who know her secret. These include her family members, Robby, Jackson, Mammaw Ruthie, Aunt Dolly, Uncle Earl and Aunt Pearl, her cousin Luann, her friends Lilly Truscott and her parents, Oliver Oken and his mother, Jake Ryan, Farmine and Roxy, as well as Officer Diaria and his daughter Kelsey, Siena and the President of the United States. (This group grows exponentially at the end of Hannah Montana: The Movie.)

text: Despite these careful efforts, her father seems to enjoy writing Hannah songs which explicitly speak of her double life, such as "The Best of Both Worlds," "Just Like You," "The Other Side of Me," "Rock Star," "Old Blue Jeans," "Just a Girl," "Supergirl," and "Ordinary Girl." In frustration of this, Miley once complained "You might as well tattoo 'I'm really Miley Stewart' on my forehead!"[12] Also, in the episode Get Down Study-udy-udy, Rico has almost discovered Miley's secret according to the "Bone Dance" which was created by Miley by rewritting the lyrics of "Nobody's Perfect" and her voice singing it

text: In Hannah Montana: The Movie, Hannah reveals herself as Miley during a concert in her hometown of Crowley Corners, Tennessee, but her fans do not want her to stop being Hannah, and so they promise to keep her secret. This event is actually mentioned in For (Give) a Little Bit during an argument between Miley and Jackson, meaning that the movie would fit right in the middle of season 3 as if it were a part of the season.

text: Near the end of the series, in I'll Always Remember You, Miley reveals her secret on The Jay Leno Show by taking off her wig and singing a song called "Wherever I Go" as Miley. She gets a standing ovation and the episode ends with Miley smiling. Lilly and Robby also take off their disguises.

text: Miley has several reasons for creating Hannah. She is afraid that if the kids at school discover she is famous they won't treat her the same.[16] While she enjoys the attention of her fame as Hannah, she equally enjoys the option of "stepping out" of her role.[17] Miley also values her privacy and doesn't want fans or paparazzi photographers mobbing her when she goes out in public. In this way, Hannah Montana presents a unique inversion of typical celebrity experiences. While most celebrities become famous as themselves and later need disguises to not be noticed in public, Hannah Montana became famous while in disguise, and now has the freedom to be in public as herself.

text: As a secondary benefit, Miley also sometimes uses Hannah for specific purposes such as spying.[18] She also uses Hannah in other ways. In "Money for Nothing, Guilt for Free," Hannah raises money for a school charity drive in which Miley is competing. In "Bye Bye, Ball," Hannah performs at a restaurant in order to get a baseball autographed for Jackson. And in "Ready, Set, Don't Drive," Hannah obtains a drivers license after Miley fails the test. Hannah also sometimes tries to use her dual personality as an excuse. For example, in "You Gotta Not Fight for Your Right to Party," Miley asks Robby to only ground Miley, not Hannah, because "Hannah didn't do anything wrong."

text: Appearance

text: Hannah's blonde wig is the primary difference between her and the brunette Miley, although Hannah also wears more extravagant clothes, make-up, and sometimes large sunglasses. In the Hannah Montana story, the famous blonde wig was picked out for Miley by Roxy.[19] (In real life, the wig was not chosen until the second episode. The original wig seen in the pilot was a slightly different style, though the famous blonde wig was first seen in Hannah's concert footage of "This Is the Life" in the first scene of the pilot). Miley Stewart also mentions that she intentionally patterned Hannah's look after her godmother Aunt Dolly Parton, though it was never officially stated if Parton was the true inspiration behind the character's wardrobe, Hannah's look does draw heavy influence from the real-life Queen of Country as she is the real-life godmother of Cyrus.[20]

text: Miley previously experienced an image crisis in "Yet Another Side of Me" in which she grew concerned that Hannah's look might become outdated. After considering a "Techno Hannah," "Half-Dolla Hannah," (Hip hop) and the "Anti-Hannah," (Grunge) Miley decides that her fans like her for who she is.

text: Starting in the third season, Hannah's look changes slightly. Her wig is shorter and wavy and her fashion changes as well (more boldly coloured). This is discussed on the DVD Keeping It Real in the bonus feature "Miley's Makeover – Hannah Gets a New Look." Cyrus and her team describe the new look as an "'80s flavored style with the glitz and glam of modern fashion." It is also revealed in Super(stitious) Girl, as part of Wizards on Deck With Hannah Montana, that she started wearing a single pink glove during concerts and it is also shown in music videos like It's All Right Here and Let's Get Crazy that she does. It symbolizes how Hannah Montana is growing up as well. In season 4, she gets a new wig that's long again but curlier. Her style also is back to glam-country girlish style.

text: Career

text: Hannah Montana's music career is very successful although there have been a few slips. In the pilot episode she is said to be continuing a "smash tour" which was being sold out, yet the subsequent episodes show Miley still going to school (something that wouldn't be possible with a "smash tour"). In "Yet Another Side of Me," Robby says that he has written 15 straight number ones for her. However, he may have been exaggerating since in "Miley Hurt the Feelings of the Radio Star" he says he has written 14 number ones for her.[21] Hannah also wins several awards including a Silver Boot "Booty" award for best country pop crossover with the song "True Friend,"[22] and an International Music Award for Female Artist of the Year.[23] She is also honored with her own diamond on the Hollywood Parade of Diamonds, a parody of the stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[24] She also sings for the Queen of England and the President of the United States (President Martinez in a crossover episode and mentioned performing for President Obama and Sasha and Malia Obama in season 4's "Hannah Montana to the Principal's Office"). Hannah's greatest rival is fellow pop star Mikayla (Selena Gomez) who is determined to steal Hannah's fans.[25]

text: Beyond her music career, Hannah also does some acting. She guest stars on the television show Zombie High as Zaronda, Princess of the Undead. Jake Ryan's character saves Zaronda from the portal to the underworld.[26] Hannah later stars in her own feature film, Rob Reiner's Indiana Joannie and the Curse of the Golden Cobra (a parody of the Indiana Jones film francehise), alongside Chace Crawford.[27] Hannah also endorses perfume and skin care products.[28]

text: As a well known celebrity, Hannah makes regular appearances on talk shows and attends glamorous parties. Despite being fictional, Hannah knows many real life celebrities, including some who are friends of Miley Cyrus, such as Taylor Swift and the Jonas Brothers.

text: Discography

text:
Hannah Montana (2006)
2 (2007)
The Movie (2009)
3 (2009)
Forever (2010)

text: Beyond the series

text: Hannah Montana as a character has found fame beyond the television show, primarily as a recording artist and music performer. Three of the seven released soundtracks (Hannah Montana, Hannah Montana 2, and Hannah Montana: The Movie) topped the U.S. Billboard 200 chart as well as several singles credited to the character, charted on the Billboard Hot 100.[29] From September to October 2006, Miley Cyrus performed several songs from Hannah Montana during The Party's Just Begun Tour as an opening act for The Cheetah Girls. Then, from October 2007 to January 2008, Cyrus performed in a successful concert tour as Hannah Montana. The tour, called the Best of Both Worlds Tour, became a classic example of life imitating art as Hannah Montana's fictional popularity seen in the television show became a real-life fan base which bought out every concert. The popularity of Hannah Montana has also given Cyrus the opportunity to become a pop star in her own right.

text: Hannah also appears in Hannah Montana: The Movie, the Hannah Montana book series, and two other Disney Channel shows in cameo appearances. The character appeared in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody episode "That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana" along with Raven Baxter, and The Suite Life on Deck episode "Wizards on Deck With Hannah Montana" which also includes characters from Wizards of Waverly Place (although the characters from Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana never interact).