document_title: Little penguin

question_text: where do blue penguins live in new zealand

text: Little penguin

text: Taxonomy[edit]

text: The little penguin was first described by German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster in 1781. Several subspecies are known, but a precise classification of these is still a matter of dispute. The holotypes of the subspecies E. m. variabilis[4] and Eudyptula minor chathamensis[5]  are in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The white-flippered penguin is sometimes considered a subspecies, sometimes a distinct species, and sometimes a morph. As the Australian and Otago (southeastern coast of South Island) little penguins may be a distinct species[6] to which the specific name minor would apply, the white-flippered birds indeed belong to a distinct species, although not exactly as originally assumed.

text: Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the split between Eudyptula and Spheniscus occurred around 25 million years ago, with the ancestors of the white-flippered and little penguins diverging about 2.7 million years ago.[7]

text: Description[edit]

text: Like those of all penguins, the little penguin's wings have developed into flippers used for swimming. The little penguin typically grows to between 30 and 33 cm (12 and 13 in) tall and usually weighs about 1.5 kg on average (3.3 lb). The head and upper parts are blue in colour, with slate-grey ear coverts fading to white underneath, from the chin to the belly. Their flippers are blue in colour. The dark grey-black beak is 3–4 cm long, the irises pale silvery- or bluish-grey or hazel, and the feet pink above with black soles and webbing. An immature individual will have a shorter bill and lighter upperparts.[8]

text: Like most seabirds, they have a long lifespan. The average for the species is 6.5 years, but flipper ringing experiments show in very exceptional cases up to 25 years in captivity.[9]

text: Distribution and habitat[edit]

text: The little penguin breeds along the entire coastline of New Zealand, the Chatham Islands, and southern Australia (including roughly 20,000 pairs[10] on Babel Island). Australian colonies exist in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia. Little penguins have also been reported from Chile (where they are known as pingüino pequeño or pingüino azul) (Isla Chañaral 1996, Playa de Santo Domingo, San Antonio, 16 March 1997) and South Africa, but it is unclear whether these birds were vagrants. As new colonies continue to be discovered, rough estimates of the world population are around 350,000-600,000 animals.[3]

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: Overall, little penguin populations in New Zealand have been decreasing. Some colonies have gone extinct and others continue to be at risk.[3] Some new colonies have been established in urban areas.[2] The species is not considered endangered in New Zealand, with the exception of the white-flippered subspecies found only on Banks Peninsula and nearby Motunau Island. Since the 1960s, the mainland population has declined by 60-70%; though a small increase has occurred on Motunau Island.

text: Australia[edit]

text: Australian little penguin colonies primarily exist on offshore islands, where they are protected from feral terrestrial predators and human disturbance. Colonies are found from Port Stephens in northern New South Wales around the southern coast to Fremantle, Western Australia.

text: New South Wales[edit]

text: An endangered population of little penguins exists at Manly, in Sydney's North Harbour. The population is protected under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995[11] and has been managed in accordance with a Recovery Plan since the year 2000. The population once numbered in the hundreds, but has decreased to around 60 pairs of birds. The decline is believed to be mainly due to loss of suitable habitat, attacks by foxes and dogs and disturbance at nesting sites.[12]

text: The largest colony in New South Wales is on Montague Island. Up to 8000 breeding pairs are known to nest there each year.[13]

text: Jervis Bay Territory[edit]

text: A population of about 5,000 breeding pairs exists on Bowen Island. The colony has increased from 500 pairs in 1979 and 1500 pairs in 1985. During this time, the island was privately leased. The island was vacated in 1986 and is currently controlled by the federal government.[14]

text: South Australia[edit]

text: In South Australia, many little penguin colony declines have been identified across the state. In some cases, colonies have declined to extinction (including the Neptune Islands, West Island, Wright Island, Pullen Island and several colonies on western Kangaroo Island), while others have declined from thousands of animals to few (Granite Island and Kingscote). A report released in 2011 presented evidence supporting the listing of the statewide population or the more closely monitored sub-population from St. Vincent's Gulf as Vulnerable under South Australia's National Parks & Wildlife Act 1972.[15] As of 2014, the little penguin is not listed as a species of conservation concern,[16] despite ongoing declines at many colonies.

text: Tasmania[edit]

text: Tasmanian little penguin population estimates range from 110,000–190,000 breeding pairs of which less than 5% are found on mainland Tasmania. Ever-increasing human pressure is predicted to result in the extinction of colonies on mainland Tasmania.[17]

text: Victoria[edit]

text: The largest colony of little penguins in Victoria is located at Phillip Island, where the nightly 'parade' of penguins across Summerland Beach has been a major tourist destination, and more recently a major conservation effort, since the 1920s. Phillip Island is home to an estimated 32,000 breeding pairs (70,000 birds).[18] Little penguins can also be seen in the vicinity of the St Kilda, Victoria pier and breakwater. The breakwater is home to a colony of little penguins which have been the subject of a conservation study since 1986.[19]

text: Little penguin habitats also exist at a number of other locations, including London Arch and The Twelve Apostles along the Great Ocean Road, Wilson's Promontory and Gabo Island.[20]

text: Western Australia[edit]

text: The largest colony of little penguins in Western Australia is believed to be located on Penguin Island. An estimated 1,000 pairs nest there during the winter.[21] Penguins are also known to nest on Garden Island and Carnac Island which lie north of Penguin Island. Many islands along Western Australia's southern coast are likely to support little penguin colonies, though the status of these populations are largely unknown. An account of little penguins on Bellinger Island published in 1928 numbered them in their thousands. Visiting naturalists in November 1986 estimated the colony at 20 breeding pairs.[22] The account named another substantial colony 12 miles from Bellinger Island and the same distance from Cape Pasley.[23] Little penguins are known to breed on some islands of the Recherche Archipelago, including Woody Island where day-tripping tourists can view the animals. A penguin colony exists on Mistaken Island in King George Sound near Albany.[24] Historical accounts of little penguins on Newdegate Island at the mouth of Deep River[25] and on Breaksea Island near Torbay also exist.

text: Threats[edit]

text: Culling[edit]

text: In 1930 in Tasmania, it was believed that little penguins were competing with mutton-birds, which were being commercially exploited. An "open season" in which penguins would be permitted to be killed was planned in response to requests from members of the mutton-birding industry.[26]

text: Human development[edit]

text: The impacts of human habitation in proximity to little penguin colonies include collisions with vehicles,[27] direct harassment, burning and clearing of vegetation and housing development.[17]

text: Human interference[edit]

text: Penguins are vulnerable to interference by humans, especially while they are ashore during molt or nesting periods. In 1949, penguins on Phillip Island in Victoria became victims of human cruelty, with some kicked and others thrown off a cliff and shot at. These acts of cruelty prompted the state government to fence off the rookeries.[28] More recent examples of destructive interference can be found at Granite island, where in 1994 a penguin chick was taken from a burrow and abandoned on the mainland, a burrow containing penguin chicks was trampled and litter was discarded down active burrows.[29] In 1998, two incidents in six months resulted in penguin deaths. The latter, which occurred in May, saw 13 penguins apparently kicked to death.[30] In March 2016, two little penguins were kicked and attacked by humans during separate incidents at the St Kilda colony, Victoria.[31]

text: Interactions with fishing[edit]

text: Some little penguins are drowned when amateur fishermen set gill nets near penguin colonies. Discarded fishing line can also present an entanglement risk and contact can result in physical injury, reduced mobility or drowning.[17] In 2014, a group of 25 dead little penguins were found on Altona Beach in Victoria. Necropsies concluded that the animals had died after becoming entangled in net fishing equipment, prompting community calls for a ban on net fishing in Port Phillip Bay.[32]

text: In the 20th century, little penguins were intentionally shot or caught by fishermen to use as bait in pots for catching crayfish (Southern rock lobster) or by line fishermen.[33][34][35] Colonies were targeted for this purpose in various parts of Tasmania[36][37] including Bruny Island[38] and West Island, South Australia.

text: A study in Perth from 2003 to 2012 found that the main cause of mortality was trauma, most likely from watercraft, leading to a recommendation for management strategies to avoid watercraft strikes.[39]

text: Oil spills[edit]

text: Oil spills can be lethal for penguins and other sea birds. Oil is toxic when ingested and penguins' buoyancy and the insulative quality of their plumage is damaged by contact with oil.[17] Little penguin populations have been significantly affected during two major oil spills at sea: the Iron Baron oil spill off Tasmania's north coast in 1995 and the grounding of the Rena off New Zealand in 2011.

text: Plastic pollution[edit]

text: Plastics are swallowed by little penguins, who mistake them for prey items. They present a choking hazard and also occupy space in the animal's stomach. Indigestible material in a penguin's stomach can contribute to malnutrition or starvation. Other larger plastic items, such as bottle packaging rings, can become entangled around penguins' necks, affecting their mobility.[17]

text: Predation[edit]

text: Threats to little penguin populations include predation (both adult and nest predation) by a variety of terrestrial animals including cats, dogs, rats, foxes, large reptiles, ferrets and stoats.[2][3][40][41] Due to their diminutive size and the introduction of new predators, some colonies have been reduced in size by as much as 98% in just a few years, such as the small colony on Middle Island, near Warrnambool, Victoria, which was reduced from approximately 600 penguins in 2001 to less than 10 in 2005. Because of this threat of colony collapse, conservationists successfully pioneered an experimental technique using Maremma Sheepdogs to protect the colony and fend off would-be predators,[42] with numbers reaching 100 by 2017.[43]

text: Uncontrolled dogs or feral cats can have sudden and severe impacts on penguin colonies (more than the penguin's natural predators) and may kill many individuals. Examples of colonies affected by dog attacks include Manly, New South Wales,[44] Penneshaw, South Australia,[45] Red Chapel Beach, Tasmania,[46] Penguin Island, Western Australia and Little Kaiteriteri Beach, New Zealand.[47]

text: A suspected stoat or ferret attack at Doctor's Point near Dunedin, New Zealand claimed the lives of 29 little blue penguins in November 2014.[48]

text: A fox was believed responsible for the deaths of 53 little penguins over several nights on Granite Island in 1994.[49] In June 2015, 26 penguins from the Manly colony were killed in 11 days. A fox believed responsible was eventually shot in the area and an autopsy is expected to prove or disprove its involvement.[41] In November 2015 a fox entered the little penguin enclosure at the Melbourne Zoo and killed 14 penguins, prompting measures to further "fox proof" the enclosure.[50]

text: Prey availability[edit]

text: Variation in prey abundance and distribution from year to year causes young birds to be washed up dead from starvation or in weak condition.[17]

text: Predator management[edit]

text: Little penguins in the wild are sometimes preyed upon by long-nosed fur seals. A study conducted by researchers from the South Australian Research and Development Institute found that roughly 40 percent of seal droppings in South Australia's Granite Island area contained little penguin remains.[51][52]

text: They are also preyed upon by white-bellied sea eagles. These large birds-of-prey are endangered in South Australia and not considered a threat to colony viability.

text: On land, little penguins are vulnerable to attack from domestic and feral dogs and cats. Attacks on Kangaroo Island,[45] at Manly[44] in Tasmania[46] and in New Zealand[47] have resulted in significant impacts to several populations. Management strategies to mitigate the risk of attack include establishing dog-free zones near penguin colonies and introducing regulations to ensure dogs to remain on leashes at all times in adjacent areas.

text: Little penguins on Middle Island off Warrnambool, Victoria were subject to heavy predation by foxes, which were able to reach the island at low tide by a tidal sand bridge. The deployment of Maremma sheepdogs to protect the penguin colony has deterred the foxes and enabled the penguin population to rebound.[53][54] This is in addition to the support from groups of volunteers who work to protect the penguins from attack at night. The first Maremma sheepdog to prove the concept was Oddball, whose story inspired a feature film of the same name, released in 2015.[55][56] In December 2015, the BBC reported, "The current dogs patrolling Middle Island are Eudy and Tula, named after the scientific term for the fairy penguin: Eudyptula. They are the sixth and seventh dogs to be used and a new puppy is being trained up [...] to start work in 2016.[55]

text: In Sydney, snipers have been deployed to protect a colony of little penguins.[57] This effort is in addition to support from local volunteers who work to protect the penguins from attack at night.

text: Behaviour[edit]

text: Little penguins are diurnal and like many penguin species, spend the largest part of their day swimming and foraging at sea. During the breeding and chick-rearing seasons, little penguins leave their nest at sunrise, forage for food throughout the day and return to their nests just after dusk. Thus, sunlight, moonlight and artificial lights can affect the behaviour of attendance to the colony.[58] Also, increased wind speeds negatively affect the little penguins' efficiency in foraging for chicks, but for reasons not yet understood.[59] Little penguins preen their feathers to keep them waterproof. They do this by rubbing a tiny drop of oil onto every feather from a special gland above the tail.

text: Diet[edit]

text: These birds feed by hunting small clupeoid fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, for which they travel and dive quite extensively.[60][61] In New Zealand, important prey items include arrow squid, slender sprat, Graham's gudgeon, red cod and ahuru.[62] Since the year 2000, the little penguins of Port Phillip Bay's diet has consisted mainly of barracouta, anchovy, and arrow squid. Sardines previously featured more prominently in southern Australian little penguin diets prior to mass sardine mortality events of the 1990s. These mass mortality events affected sardine stocks over 5,000 kilometres of coastline.[63] Jellyfish including species in the genera Chrysaora and Cyanea were found to be actively sought-out food items, while they previously had been thought to be only accidentally ingested. Similar preferences were found in the Adélie penguin, yellow-eyed penguin and Magellanic penguin.[64]

text: They are generally inshore feeders.[65] The use of data loggers has provided information of the diving behaviour of little penguins. 50% of their dives go no deeper than 2 m and the mean diving time is 21 seconds.[66] Yet, they are able to dive as deep as 20 m and remained submerged as long as 60 seconds.[67] Little penguins play an important role in the ecosystem as not only a predator to parasites but also a host. Recent studies have shown a new species of feather mite that feeds on the preening oil on the feathers of the penguin.[68]

text: Reproduction[edit]

text: Little penguins mature at different ages. The female matures at 2 years old. The male, however, matures at 3 years old. Little penguins only remain faithful to their partner in breeding seasons and whilst hatching eggs. At other times of the year they do tend to swap burrows. They exhibit site fidelity to their nesting colonies and nesting sites over successive years.

text: Little penguins can breed as isolated pairs, in colonies, or semi-colonially.[62] Nests are situated close to the sea in burrows excavated by the birds or other species, or in caves, rock crevices, under logs or in or under a variety of man-made structures including nest boxes, pipes, stacks of wood or timber, and buildings. They are monogamous within a breeding season, and share incubating and chick-rearing duties. They are the only species of penguin capable of producing more than one clutch of eggs per breeding season, but few populations do so.

text: The timing of breeding seasons varies across the species' range. Eastern Australian populations (including at Phillip Island, Victoria) lay their eggs from July through December.[69] In South Australia's Gulf St. Vincent, eggs are laid between April and October.[70]

text: The one or two white or lightly mottled brown eggs are laid with rarer second (or even third) clutches following. Incubation takes up to 36 days. Chicks are brooded for 18–38 days and fledge after 7–8 weeks.[62] On Australia's east coast, chicks are raised from August through March.[69] In Gulf St. Vincent, chicks are raised from June through November.[70]

text: Little penguins typically return to their colonies to feed their chicks at dusk. The birds tend to come ashore in small groups to provide some defence against predators, which might pick off individuals one by one. In Australia, the strongest colonies are usually on cat-free and fox-free islands. However, the population on Granite Island (which is a fox, cat and dog-free island) has been severely depleted, from around 2000 penguins in 2001 down to 146 in 2009.

text: Relationship with humans[edit]

text: Little penguins have long been a curiosity to humans, and to children in particular. Captive animals are often exhibited in zoos. Historically, the animals have also been used as bait to catch Southern rock lobster, captured for amusement and eaten by ship-wrecked sailors and castaways to avoid starvation.[71][72][73] They have also been the victims of malicious attacks by humans and incidental bycatch by fishermen using nets.[74] The sites of many breeding colonies have developed into tourist destinations which provide an economic boost for coastal and island communities in Australia and New Zealand. These locations also often provide facilities and volunteer staff to support population surveys, habitat improvement works and little penguin research programs.

text: Nocturnal tours[edit]

text: South of Perth, Western Australia, visitors to Penguin Island are able to view penguins in a natural environment. Less than one hour from the centre of the city, it is possible to see little penguins in all months, including visiting sensitive areas where they remain on land for extended periods for the purposes of moulting.

text: At Phillip Island, Victoria, a viewing area has been established at the Phillip Island Nature Park to allow visitors to view the nightly "penguin parade". Lights and concrete stands have been erected to allow visitors to see but not photograph or film the birds (this is because it can blind or scare them) interacting in their colony.[75]

text: In the Otago, New Zealand town of Oamaru, visitors may view the birds returning to their colony at dusk.[76] In Oamaru it is not uncommon for penguins to nest within the cellars and foundations of local shorefront properties, especially in the old historic precinct of the town. More recently, little penguin viewing facilities have been established at Pilots Beach, Otago Peninsula and Dunedin in New Zealand. Here visitors are guided by volunteer wardens to watch penguins returning to their burrows at dusk.[77]

text: Visitors to Kangaroo Island, South Australia, have nightly opportunities to observe penguins at the Kangaroo Island Marine Centre in Kingscote and at the Penneshaw Penguin Centre.[78] Granite Island at Victor Harbor, South Australia continues to offer guided tours at dusk, despite its colony dropping from thousands in the 1990s to dozens in 2014.[79] There is also a Penguin Centre located on the island where the penguins can be viewed in captivity.[80]

text: In Bicheno, Tasmania, evening penguin viewing tours are offered by a local tour operator at a rookery on private land.[81]

text: Habitat restoration[edit]

text: Several efforts have been made to improve breeding sites on Kangaroo Island, including augmenting habitat with artificial burrows and revegetation work. The Knox School's habitat restoration efforts were filmed and broadcast in 2008 by Totally Wild.

text: Zoological exhibits[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Exhibits currently exist at the Adelaide Zoo, Melbourne Zoo, the National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra, Perth Zoo, Caversham Wildlife Park (Perth), Sea Life Sydney Aquarium and the Taronga Zoo in Sydney.[82][83][84][85][86][87]

text: A colony of little penguins is also exhibited at Sea World, on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. In early March, 2007, 25 of the 37 penguins died from an unknown toxin following a change of gravel in their enclosure.[88][89][90] It is still not known what caused the deaths of the little penguins, and it was decided not to return the 12 surviving penguins to the same enclosure in which the penguins became ill.[91] A new enclosure for the little penguin colony was opened at Sea World in 2008.[citation needed]

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: Exhibits currently exist at the Auckland Zoo, the Wellington Zoo and the National Aquarium of New Zealand.[92]

text: North America[edit]

text: A colony of little blue penguins exists at the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts. The penguins are one of three species on exhibit and are part of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums' Species Survival Plan for little blue penguins.[93]

text:
Little penguins in the wild calling, Dunedin, New Zealand

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text:
Little penguin calls at the St Kilda Breakwater, Victoria, Australia

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text: Mascots and logos[edit]

text: Linus Torvalds, the original creator of Linux (a popular operating system kernel), was once pecked by a little penguin while on holiday in Australia. Reportedly, this encounter encouraged Torvalds to select Tux as the official Linux mascot.[94]

text: A Linux kernel programming challenge called the Eudyptula Challenge[95] has attracted thousands of persons; its creator(s) use the name "Little Penguin".

text: Penny the Little Penguin was the mascot for the 2007 FINA World Swimming Championships held in Melbourne, Victoria.[96][97]


document_title: List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players

question_text: who is the oldest nba player in history

question_tokens: who is the oldest nba player in history

root

text: Key[edit]

text:
Pos
G
F
C

Position
Guard
Forward
Center

tag: table

text: Oldest players[edit]

text: The oldest player ever to play in the NBA was Nat Hickey who played one game in the 1947–48 season when he was 45 years and 363 days old.[3] Hickey, who was coaching the Providence Steamrollers at the time, decided to activate himself and played in a game for the Steamrollers. In his first and only game as a player for the Steamrollers, he missed all six of his shot attempts and only scored two points from three free throw attempts.[4] The second oldest player is Kevin Willis. Willis, who had played 20 seasons (excluding the 1988–89 season he missed due to injury) in the league before he sat out the 2005–06 season and earned a contract with the Dallas Mavericks on April 2, 2007.[5] He then played 5 games for the Mavericks at the age of 44.[4] The third oldest player is Hall of Famer Robert Parish. Parish, who starred with the Boston Celtics in the 1980s, played his last season with the Chicago Bulls at the age of 43.[6] He played in 1,611 regular season games during his 21-year career, more than any other player in NBA history.[4] When the Bulls won the 1997 Finals, Parish became the oldest player ever to win the NBA championship. There are currently 27 players who played in the NBA after they turned 40.

tag: p

text: The oldest active player is Vince Carter, who is now 40 years old. Carter played his first game in 1999 and is playing his 20th season. Carter along with Manu Ginóbili, Jason Terry, and Dirk Nowitzki are the only players who were born in 1979 or earlier and are still active and under contract with an NBA team. Eleven players total, however, are born in 1980 or earlier and still play in the NBA.

text: All-time[edit]

text:
^
Denotes player who is still active in the NBA as of the 2017–18 season

*
Denotes player who has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

text:
Player
Pos
Birth date
Last game
Age
Team(s) played (years)
Draft (pick)
Ref.

Hickey, NatNat Hickey
G/F
000000001902-01-30-0000January 30, 1902
000000001948-01-28-0000January 28, 1948
7004167990000000000♠45 years, 363 days
Providence Steamrollers (1948)
Undrafted
[7]

Willis, KevinKevin Willis
F/C
000000001962-09-06-0000September 6, 1962
000000002007-04-18-0000April 18, 2007
7004162950000000000♠44 years, 224 days

8 teams[show]

Atlanta Hawks (1984–1994)
Miami Heat (1994–1996)
Golden State Warriors (1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998–2001)
Denver Nuggets (2001)
Houston Rockets (2001–2002)
San Antonio Spurs (2002–2004)
Atlanta Hawks (2004–2005)
Dallas Mavericks (2007)

1984 (11th)
[8]

Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
C
000000001953-08-30-0000August 30, 1953
000000001997-05-11-0000May 11, 1997
7004159600000000000♠43 years, 254 days

4 teams[show]

Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)

1976 (8th)
[9]

Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo*
C
000000001966-06-25-0000June 25, 1966
000000002009-04-21-0000April 21, 2009
7004156410000000000♠42 years, 300 days

6 teams[show]

Denver Nuggets (1991–1996)
Atlanta Hawks (1996–2001)
Philadelphia 76ers (2001–2002)
New Jersey Nets (2002–2003)
New York Knicks (2003–2004)
Houston Rockets (2004–2009)

1991 (4th)
[10]

Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*
C
000000001947-04-16-0000April 16, 1947
000000001989-04-22-0000April 22, 1989
7004153470000000000♠42 years, 6 days

2 teams[show]

Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)

1969 (1st)
[11]

Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
G
000000001928-08-09-0000August 9, 1928
000000001970-01-06-0000January 6, 1970
7004151250000000000♠41 years, 150 days

2 teams[show]

Boston Celtics (1950–1963)
Cincinnati Royals (1969–1970)

1950 (3rd)
[12][13]

Williams, HerbHerb Williams
C/F
000000001958-02-16-0000February 16, 1958
000000001999-06-25-0000June 25, 1999
7004151040000000000♠41 years, 129 days

4 teams[show]

Indiana Pacers (1981–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1992)
New York Knicks (1992–1996)
Toronto Raptors (1996)
New York Knicks (1996–1999)

1981 (14th)
[14]

Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
G
000000001962-03-26-0000March 26, 1962
000000002003-04-30-0000April 30, 2003
7004150100000000000♠41 years, 35 days
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)
1984 (16th)
[15]

Jones, CharlesCharles Jones
F/C
000000001957-04-03-0000April 3, 1957
000000001998-05-03-0000May 3, 1998
7004150050000000000♠41 years, 30 days

5 teams[show]

Philadelphia 76ers (1984)
Chicago Bulls (1984)
Washington Bullets (1985–1993)
Detroit Pistons (1994)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998)

1979 (165th)
[16]

Carter, VinceVince Carter^
G/F
000000001977-01-26-0000January 26, 1977
Present
7004149360000000000♠40 years, 326 days

7 teams[show]

Toronto Raptors (1998–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)

1998 (5th)
[17]

Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
F
000000001963-07-24-0000July 24, 1963
000000002004-06-13-0000June 13, 2004
7004149350000000000♠40 years, 325 days

2 teams[show]

Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)

1985 (13th)
[18]

Mahorn, RickRick Mahorn
C/F
000000001958-09-21-0000September 21, 1958
000000001999-05-23-0000May 23, 1999
7004148540000000000♠40 years, 244 days

4 teams[show]

Washington Bullets (1980–1985)
Detroit Pistons (1985–1989)
Philadelphia 76ers (1989–1991)
New Jersey Nets (1992–1996)
Detroit Pistons (1996–1998)
Philadelphia 76ers (1999)

1980 (35th)
[19]

Long, JohnJohn Long
G/F
000000001956-08-28-0000August 28, 1956
000000001997-04-20-0000April 20, 1997
7004148450000000000♠40 years, 235 days

4 teams[show]

Detroit Pistons (1978–1986)
Indiana Pacers (1986–1989)
Detroit Pistons (1989)
Atlanta Hawks (1990)
Detroit Pistons (1991)
Toronto Raptors (1996–1997)

1978 (29th)
[20]

Hill, GrantGrant Hill
F
000000001972-10-05-0000October 5, 1972
000000002013-05-03-0000May 3, 2013
7004148200000000000♠40 years, 210 days

4 teams[show]

Detroit Pistons (1994–2000)
Orlando Magic (2000–2007)
Phoenix Suns (2007–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2012–2013)

1994 (3rd)
[21]

Edwards, JamesJames Edwards
C/F
000000001955-11-22-0000November 22, 1955
000000001996-05-27-0000May 27, 1996
7004147970000000000♠40 years, 187 days

8 teams[show]

Los Angeles Lakers (1977)
Indiana Pacers (1977–1981)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1981–1983)
Phoenix Suns (1983–1988)
Detroit Pistons (1988–1991)
Los Angeles Clippers (1991–1992)
Los Angeles Lakers (1992–1994)
Portland Trail Blazers (1994–1995)
Chicago Bulls (1995–1996)

1977 (46th)
[22]

Thomas, KurtKurt Thomas
F
000000001972-10-04-0000October 4, 1972
000000002013-03-18-0000March 18, 2013
7004147750000000000♠40 years, 165 days

9 teams[show]

Miami Heat (1995–1997)
Dallas Mavericks (1997–1998)
New York Knicks (1998–2005)
Phoenix Suns (2005–2007)
Seattle SuperSonics (2007–2008)
San Antonio Spurs (2008–2009)
Milwaukee Bucks (2009–2010)
Chicago Bulls (2010–2011)
Portland Trail Blazers (2011–2012)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)

1995 (10th)
[23]

Robinson, CliffCliff Robinson
F/C
000000001966-12-16-0000December 16, 1966
000000002007-05-12-0000May 12, 2007
7004147570000000000♠40 years, 147 days

5 teams[show]

Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)

1989 (36th)
[24]

Ginóbili, ManuManu Ginóbili^
G
000000001977-07-28-0000July 28, 1977
Present
7004147530000000000♠40 years, 143 days
San Antonio Spurs (2002–present)
1999 (57th)
[25]

Oakley, CharlesCharles Oakley
F/C
000000001963-12-18-0000December 18, 1963
000000002004-04-02-0000April 2, 2004
7004147160000000000♠40 years, 106 days

5 teams[show]

Chicago Bulls (1985–1988)
New York Knicks (1988–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998–2001)
Chicago Bulls (2001–2002)
Washington Wizards (2002–2003)
Houston Rockets (2004)

1985 (9th)
[26]

Terry, JasonJason Terry^
G
000000001977-09-15-0000September 15, 1977
Present
7004147040000000000♠40 years, 94 days

6 teams[show]

Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)

1999 (10th)
[27]

Howard, JuwanJuwan Howard
F
000000001973-02-07-0000February 7, 1973
000000002013-04-17-0000April 17, 2013
7004146790000000000♠40 years, 69 days

8 teams[show]

Washington Bullets / Wizards (1994–2001)
Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)
Denver Nuggets (2002–2003)
Orlando Magic (2003–2004)
Houston Rockets (2004–2007)
Dallas Mavericks (2007–2008)
Denver Nuggets (2008)
Charlotte Bobcats (2008–2009)
Portland Trail Blazers (2009–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2012; 2013)

1994 (5th)
[28]

Nash, SteveSteve Nash
G
000000001974-02-07-0000February 7, 1974
000000002014-04-08-0000April 8, 2014
7004146700000000000♠40 years, 60 days

3 teams[show]

Phoenix Suns (1996–1998)
Dallas Mavericks (1998–2004)
Phoenix Suns (2004–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2015)

1996 (15th)
[29]

Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
G
000000001963-02-17-0000February 17, 1963
000000002003-04-16-0000April 16, 2003
7004146680000000000♠40 years, 58 days

2 teams[show]

Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003)

1984 (3rd)
[30]

Kidd, JasonJason Kidd
G
000000001973-03-23-0000March 23, 1973
000000002013-05-18-0000May 18, 2013
7004146660000000000♠40 years, 56 days

4 teams[show]

Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996)
Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)
New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
Dallas Mavericks (2008–2012)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)

1994 (2nd)
[31]

Miller, AndreAndre Miller
G
000000001976-03-19-0000March 19, 1976
000000002016-05-12-0000May 12, 2016
7004146640000000000♠40 years, 54 days

9 teams[show]

Cleveland Cavaliers (1999–2002)
Los Angeles Clippers (2002–2003)
Denver Nuggets (2003–2006)
Philadelphia 76ers (2006–2009)
Portland Trail Blazers (2009–2011)
Denver Nuggets (2011–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Sacramento Kings (2015)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2015–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016)

1999 (8th)
[32]

Duncan, TimTim Duncan
F/C
000000001976-04-25-0000April 25, 1976
000000002016-05-12-0000May 12, 2016
7004146270000000000♠40 years, 17 days
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
1997 (1st)
[33]

Schayes, DannyDanny Schayes
C/F
000000001959-05-10-0000May 10, 1959
000000001999-05-13-0000May 13, 1999
7004146130000000000♠40 years, 3 days

7 teams[show]

Utah Jazz (1981–1983)
Denver Nuggets (1983–1990)
Milwaukee Bucks (1990–1994)
Los Angeles Lakers (1994)
Phoenix Suns (1994–1995)
Miami Heat (1995–1996)
Orlando Magic (1996–1999)

1981 (13th)
[34]

text: Active[edit]

text:
Player
Pos
Birth date
Age
Team(s) played (years)
Draft (pick)
Ref.

Carter, VinceVince Carter
G/F
000000001977-01-26-0000January 26, 1977
7004149360000000000♠40 years, 326 days

7 teams[show]

Toronto Raptors (1998–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)

1998 (5th)
[17]

Ginóbili, ManuManu Ginóbili
G
000000001977-07-28-0000July 28, 1977
7004147530000000000♠40 years, 143 days
San Antonio Spurs (2002–present)
1999 (57th)
[25]

Terry, JasonJason Terry
G
000000001977-09-15-0000September 15, 1977
7004147040000000000♠40 years, 94 days

6 teams[show]

Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)

1999 (10th)
[27]

Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki
F
000000001978-06-19-0000June 19, 1978
7004144270000000000♠39 years, 182 days
Dallas Mavericks (1998–present)
1998 (9th)
[35]

Wilkins, DamienDamien Wilkins
G/F
000000001980-01-11-0000January 11, 1980
7004138560000000000♠37 years, 341 days

6 teams[show]

Seattle SuperSonics / Oklahoma City Thunder (2004–2009)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2009–2010)
Atlanta Hawks (2010–2011)
Detroit Pistons (2011–2012)
Philadelphia 76ers (2012–2013)
Indiana Pacers (2017–present)

2004 (Undrafted)
[36]

Crawford, JamalJamal Crawford
G/F
000000001980-03-20-0000March 20, 1980
7004137870000000000♠37 years, 273 days

7 teams[show]

Chicago Bulls (2000–2004)
New York Knicks (2004–2008)
Golden State Warriors (2008–2009)
Atlanta Hawks (2009–2011)
Portland Trail Blazers (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2012–2017)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2017–present)

2000 (8th)
[37]

Haslem, UdonisUdonis Haslem
F/C
000000001980-06-09-0000June 9, 1980
7004137060000000000♠37 years, 192 days
Miami Heat (2003–present)
2002 (Undrafted)
[38]

Jefferson, RichardRichard Jefferson
F
000000001980-06-21-0000June 21, 1980
7004136940000000000♠37 years, 180 days

8 teams[show]

New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
Milwaukee Bucks (2008–2009)
San Antonio Spurs (2009–2012)
Golden State Warriors (2012–2013)
Utah Jazz (2013–2014)
Dallas Mavericks (2014–2015)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2015–2017)
Denver Nuggets (2017–present)

2001 (13th)
[39]

Gasol, PauPau Gasol
F/C
000000001980-07-06-0000July 6, 1980
7004136790000000000♠37 years, 165 days

4 teams[show]

Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)

2001 (3rd)
[40]

West, DavidDavid West
F
000000001980-08-29-0000August 29, 1980
7004136250000000000♠37 years, 111 days

4 teams[show]

New Orleans Hornets[41] (2003–2011)
Indiana Pacers (2011–2015)
San Antonio Spurs (2015–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)

2003 (18th)
[42]

Collison, NickNick Collison
F/C
000000001980-10-26-0000October 26, 1980
7004135670000000000♠37 years, 53 days
Seattle SuperSonics / Oklahoma City Thunder (2004–present)
2003 (12th)
[43]

text: Youngest players[edit]

text: NBA players usually come from U.S. college basketball. In the past, a college player had to complete his four-year college eligibility before he could enter the league through the NBA Draft or as a free agent. In the 1970s, the league began to allow college underclassmen and high school players to enter the league. However, the trend of drafting high school players only began in the mid 1990s. This has led to more younger players entering the league directly after high school graduation. In 2005, the league and the players' union agreed on a new collective bargaining agreement that includes a minimum age limit which requires that players who wish to enter the league must be at least 19 years old on December 31 of the year of the draft, and at least one year removed from high school. International players who did not play college basketball also have to be at least 19 years old on the same date to be able to play in the NBA.[44] Despite a trend toward drafting younger players, the NBA has a higher average age than it had in the 1980s.[45] However, since the NBA introduced the minimum age limit in 2005, the league's average age has decreased in the past few seasons.[46]

text: The youngest player to ever play in the NBA was Andrew Bynum who played his first game at the age of 18 years and 6 days old.[47] Bynum, who was also the youngest player ever selected in the NBA Draft, went into the NBA straight out of high school.[48] Jermaine O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, both drafted in 1996, were the second and third youngest players. Serbian Darko Miličić was the youngest player ever to play in an NBA Finals game.[49] He played for the Detroit Pistons in Game 3 of the 2004 Finals at the age of 18 years and 356 days old. The Pistons won the 2004 Finals and Miličić became the youngest player ever to win the NBA championship, being only five days away from his 19th birthday at the time. There are currently 27 players who played in the NBA before they turned 19. 19 of them came to the league straight out of high school, while 6 of them are international players who never played basketball in the U.S. high schools or colleges before they entered the NBA, and two more players ended up playing only a year of college before entering the NBA.

text: The youngest active player in the NBA is Ike Anigbogu. As a result of the NBA's latest updates on their scheduling policy, he became the second college player to play in the NBA at 18 years old on October 20 against the Portland Trail Blazers. He now joins Devin Booker as the only other player to go from a year of college to the NBA while remaining 18 years old throughout the process. Coincidentally, both of them played their first NBA games at the exact same age of 18 years, 363 days old in order to start their official NBA careers as players of the league, and their first games played would be the only time they'd play in the NBA as 18 year olds.

text: All-time[edit]

text:
Player
Pos
Birth date
First game
Age
Team(s) played (years)
Draft (pick)
Ref.

Bynum, AndrewAndrew Bynum
C
000000001987-10-27-0000October 27, 1987
000000002005-11-02-0000November 2, 2005
7003658100000000000♠18 years, 6 days

3 teams[show]

Los Angeles Lakers (2005–2012)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2013–2014)
Indiana Pacers (2014)

2005 (10th)
[50]

O'Neal, JermaineJermaine O'Neal
F/C
000000001978-10-13-0000October 13, 1978
000000001996-12-05-0000December 5, 1996
7003662800000000000♠18 years, 53 days

7 teams[show]

Portland Trail Blazers (1996–2000)
Indiana Pacers (2000–2008)
Toronto Raptors (2008–2009)
Miami Heat (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2012)
Phoenix Suns (2012–2013)
Golden State Warriors (2013–2014)

1996 (17th)
[51]

Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
G
000000001978-08-23-0000August 23, 1978
000000001996-11-03-0000November 3, 1996
7003664700000000000♠18 years, 72 days
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
1996 (13th)
[52]

Miličić, DarkoDarko Miličić
C
000000001985-06-20-0000June 20, 1985
000000002003-10-31-0000October 31, 2003
7003670700000000000♠18 years, 133 days

6 teams[show]

Detroit Pistons (2003–2006)
Orlando Magic (2006–2007)
Memphis Grizzlies (2007–2009)
New York Knicks (2009–2010)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2010–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012)

2003 (2nd)
[53]

Brown, StanStan Brown
F
000000001929-06-27-0000June 27, 1929
000000001947-11-13-0000November 13, 1947
7003671300000000000♠18 years, 139 days
Philadelphia Warriors (1947–1948, 1951–1952)
Undrafted
[54][55]

Willoughby, BillBill Willoughby
F/C
000000001957-05-20-0000May 20, 1957
000000001975-10-23-0000October 23, 1975
7003673000000000000♠18 years, 156 days

6 teams[show]

Atlanta Hawks (1975–1977)
Buffalo Braves (1977–1978)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1979–1980)
Houston Rockets (1980–1982)
San Antonio Spurs (1982–1983)
New Jersey Nets (1983–1984)

1975 (19th)
[56]

McGrady, TracyTracy McGrady*
G/F
000000001979-05-24-0000May 24, 1979
000000001997-10-31-0000October 31, 1997
7003673500000000000♠18 years, 160 days

7 teams[show]

Toronto Raptors (1997–2000)
Orlando Magic (2000–2004)
Houston Rockets (2004–2010)
New York Knicks (2010)
Detroit Pistons (2010–2011)
Atlanta Hawks (2011–2012)
San Antonio Spurs (2013)

1997 (9th)
[57]

Korolev, YaroslavYaroslav Korolev
F
000000001987-05-07-0000May 7, 1987
000000002005-11-04-0000November 4, 2005
7003675600000000000♠18 years, 181 days
Los Angeles Clippers (2005–2007)
2005 (12th)
[58]

Biedriņš, AndrisAndris Biedriņš
C
000000001986-04-02-0000April 2, 1986
000000002004-11-05-0000November 5, 2004
7003679200000000000♠18 years, 217 days

2 teams[show]

Golden State Warriors (2004–2013)
Utah Jazz (2013–2014)

2004 (11th)
[59]

Miles, C. J.C. J. Miles^
G/F
000000001987-03-18-0000March 18, 1987
000000002005-11-14-0000November 14, 2005
7003681600000000000♠18 years, 241 days

4 teams[show]

Utah Jazz (2005–2012)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2012–2014)
Indiana Pacers (2014–2017)
Toronto Raptors (2017–present)

2005 (34th)
[60]

Johnson, AmirAmir Johnson^
F
000000001987-05-01-0000May 1, 1987
000000002006-01-24-0000January 24, 2006
7003684300000000000♠18 years, 268 days

4 teams[show]

Detroit Pistons (2005–2009)
Toronto Raptors (2009–2015)
Boston Celtics (2015–2017)
Philadelphia 76ers (2017–present)

2005 (56th)
[61]

Dawkins, DarrylDarryl Dawkins
C
000000001957-01-11-0000January 11, 1957
000000001975-10-27-0000October 27, 1975
7003686300000000000♠18 years, 289 days

4 teams[show]

Philadelphia 76ers (1975–1982)
New Jersey Nets (1982–1987)
Utah Jazz (1987)
Detroit Pistons (1987–1989)

1975 (5th)
[62]

Graboski, JoeJoe Graboski
F/C
000000001930-01-15-0000January 15, 1930
000000001948-11-06-0000November 6, 1948
7003687000000000000♠18 years, 296 days

6 teams[show]

Chicago Stags (1948–1950)
Indianapolis Olympians (1951–1953)
Philadelphia Warriors (1953–1961)
St. Louis Hawks (1961)
Chicago Packers (1961)
Syracuse Nationals (1961–1962)

Undrafted
[63][64]

James, LeBronLeBron James^
F
000000001984-12-30-0000December 30, 1984
000000002003-10-29-0000October 29, 2003
7003687700000000000♠18 years, 303 days

2 teams[show]

Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–present)

2003 (1st)
[65]

Bender, JonathanJonathan Bender
F
000000001981-01-30-0000January 30, 1981
000000001999-12-10-0000December 10, 1999
7003688800000000000♠18 years, 314 days

2 teams[show]

Indiana Pacers (1999–2006)
New York Knicks (2009)

1999 (5th)
[66]

Antetokounmpo, GiannisGiannis Antetokounmpo^
G/F
000000001994-12-06-0000December 6, 1994
000000002013-10-30-0000October 30, 2013
7003689300000000000♠18 years, 318 days
Milwaukee Bucks (2013–present)
2013 (15th)
[67]

Curry, EddyEddy Curry
C
000000001982-12-05-0000December 5, 1982
000000002001-10-31-0000October 31, 2001
7003690500000000000♠18 years, 330 days

4 teams[show]

Chicago Bulls (2001–2005)
New York Knicks (2005–2010)
Miami Heat (2011–2012)
Dallas Mavericks (2012)

2001 (4th)
[68]

Howard, DwightDwight Howard^
C
000000001985-12-08-0000December 8, 1985
000000002004-11-03-0000November 3, 2004
7003690500000000000♠18 years, 331 days

5 teams[show]

Orlando Magic (2004–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Houston Rockets (2013–2016)
Atlanta Hawks (2016–2017)
Charlotte Hornets (2017–present)

2004 (1st)
[69]

Browne, JimJim Browne
C
000000001930-01-01-0000January 1, 1930
000000001948-11-30-0000November 30, 1948
7003690800000000000♠18 years, 334 days

2 teams[show]

Chicago Stags (1948–1949)
Denver Nuggets (1949–1950)

Undrafted
[70][71]

Smith, JoshJosh Smith^
F
000000001985-12-05-0000December 5, 1985
000000002004-11-03-0000November 3, 2004
7003690800000000000♠18 years, 334 days

5 teams[show]

Atlanta Hawks (2004–2013)
Detroit Pistons (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2016)
Houston Rockets (2016)
New Orleans Pelicans (2017)

2004 (17th)
[72]

Webster, MartellMartell Webster
G/F
000000001986-12-04-0000December 4, 1986
000000002005-11-04-0000November 4, 2005
7003691000000000000♠18 years, 335 days

3 teams[show]

Portland Trail Blazers (2005–2010)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2010–2012)
Washington Wizards (2012–2015)

2005 (6th)
[73]

Swift, RobertRobert Swift
C
000000001985-12-03-0000December 3, 1985
000000002004-11-03-0000November 3, 2004
7003691000000000000♠18 years, 336 days
Seattle SuperSonics / Oklahoma City Thunder (2004–2009)
2004 (12th)
[74]

Bender, DraganDragan Bender^
F/C
000000001997-11-17-0000November 17, 1997
000000002016-10-26-0000October 26, 2016
7003691800000000000♠18 years, 344 days
Phoenix Suns (2016–present)
2016 (4th)
[75]

Lampe, MaciejMaciej Lampe
F
000000001985-02-05-0000February 5, 1985
000000002004-01-23-0000January 23, 2004
7003692600000000000♠18 years, 352 days

3 teams[show]

Phoenix Suns (2004–2005)
New Orleans Hornets (2005–2006)
Houston Rockets (2006)

2003 (30th)
[76]

Harrington, AlAl Harrington
F
000000001980-02-17-0000February 17, 1980
000000001999-02-05-0000February 5, 1999
7003692800000000000♠18 years, 353 days

7 teams[show]

Indiana Pacers (1998–2004)
Atlanta Hawks (2004–2006)
Indiana Pacers (2006–2007)
Golden State Warriors (2007–2008)
New York Knicks (2008–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2010–2012)
Orlando Magic (2012–2013)
Washington Wizards (2013–2014)

1998 (25th)
[77]

Booker, DevinDevin Booker^
G
000000001996-10-30-0000October 30, 1996
000000002015-10-28-0000October 28, 2015
7003693700000000000♠18 years, 363 days
Phoenix Suns (2015–present)
2015 (13th)
[78]

Anigbogu, IkeIke Anigbogu^
C
000000001998-10-22-0000October 22, 1998
000000002017-10-20-0000October 20, 2017
7003693800000000000♠18 years, 363 days
Indiana Pacers (2017–present)
2017 (47th)
[79]

text: Active[edit]

text:
Player
Pos
Birth date
Age
Team(s) played (years)
Draft (pick)
Ref.

Anigbogu, IkeIke Anigbogu
C/F
000000001998-10-22-0000October 22, 1998
7003699700000000000♠19 years, 57 days
Indiana Pacers (2017–present)
2017 (47th)
[79]

Ntilikina, FrankFrank Ntilikina
G
000000001998-07-28-0000July 28, 1998
7003708300000000000♠19 years, 143 days
New York Knicks (2017–present)
2017 (8th)
[80]

Fultz, MarkelleMarkelle Fultz
G
000000001998-05-29-0000May 29, 1998
7003714300000000000♠19 years, 203 days
Philadelphia 76ers (2017–present)
2017 (1st)
[81]

Ferguson, TerranceTerrance Ferguson
G
000000001998-05-17-0000May 17, 1998
7003715500000000000♠19 years, 215 days
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
2017 (21th)
[82]

Jackson, FrankFrank Jackson
G
000000001998-05-04-0000May 4, 1998
7003716800000000000♠19 years, 228 days
New Orleans Pelicans (2017–present)
2017 (31st)
[83]

Giles, HarryHarry Giles
F
000000001998-04-22-0000April 22, 1998
7003718000000000000♠19 years, 240 days
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
2017 (20th)
[84]

Allen, JarrettJarrett Allen
C
000000001998-04-21-0000April 21, 1998
7003718100000000000♠19 years, 241 days
Brooklyn Nets (2017–present)
2017 (22th)
[85]

Tatum, JaysonJayson Tatum
F
000000001998-03-03-0000March 3, 1998
7003723000000000000♠19 years, 290 days
Boston Celtics (2017–present)
2017 (3rd)
[86]

Monk, MalikMalik Monk
G
000000001998-02-04-0000February 4, 1998
7003725700000000000♠19 years, 317 days
Charlotte Hornets (2017–present)
2017 (11th)
[87]

Bradley, TonyTony Bradley
F/C
000000001998-01-08-0000January 8, 1998
7003728400000000000♠19 years, 344 days
Utah Jazz (2017–present)
2017 (28th)
[88]

Fox, De'AaronDe'Aaron Fox
G
000000001997-12-20-0000December 20, 1997
7003730300000000000♠19 years, 363 days
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
2017 (5th)
[89]

Smith Jr., DennisDennis Smith Jr.
G
000000001997-11-25-0000November 25, 1997
7003732800000000000♠20 years, 23 days
Dallas Mavericks (2017–present)
2017 (9th)
[90]

Collins, ZachZach Collins
C
000000001997-11-19-0000November 19, 1997
7003733400000000000♠20 years, 29 days
Portland Trail Blazers (2017–present)
2017 (10th)
[91]

Bender, DraganDragan Bender
F/C
000000001997-11-17-0000November 17, 1997
7003733600000000000♠20 years, 31 days
Phoenix Suns (2016–present)
2016 (4th)
[75]

Ball, LonzoLonzo Ball
G
000000001997-10-27-0000October 27, 1997
7003735700000000000♠20 years, 52 days
Los Angeles Lakers (2017–present)
2017 (2nd)
[92]

Isaac, JonathanJonathan Isaac
F
000000001997-10-03-0000October 3, 1997
7003738100000000000♠20 years, 76 days
Orlando Magic (2017–present)
2017 (6th)
[93]

Collins, JohnJohn Collins
F
000000001997-09-23-0000September 23, 1997
7003739100000000000♠20 years, 86 days
Atlanta Hawks (2017–present)
2017 (19th)
[94]

Ingram, BrandonBrandon Ingram
F
000000001997-09-02-0000September 2, 1997
7003741200000000000♠20 years, 107 days
Los Angeles Lakers (2016–present)
2016 (2nd)
[95]

Bryant, ThomasThomas Bryant
F
000000001997-07-31-0000July 31, 1997
7003744500000000000♠20 years, 140 days
Los Angeles Lakers (2017–present)
2017 (42th)
[96]

Adebayo, EdriceEdrice Adebayo
F
000000001997-07-18-0000July 18, 1997
7003745800000000000♠20 years, 153 days
Miami Heat (2017–present)
2017 (14th)
[97]


document_title: List of Game of Thrones episodes

question_text: how many series of game of thrones is there

text: List of Game of Thrones episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2011)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)11"Winter Is Coming"Tim Van PattenDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 17, 2011 (2011-04-17)2.22[19]
22"The Kingsroad"Tim Van PattenDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 24, 2011 (2011-04-24)2.20[20]
33"Lord Snow"Brian KirkDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 1, 2011 (2011-05-01)2.44[21]
44"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things"Brian KirkBryan CogmanMay 8, 2011 (2011-05-08)2.45[22]
55"The Wolf and the Lion"Brian KirkDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 15, 2011 (2011-05-15)2.58[23]
66"A Golden Crown"Daniel MinahanStory by : David Benioff & D. B. Weiss Teleplay by : Jane Espenson and David Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 22, 2011 (2011-05-22)2.44[24]
77"You Win or You Die"Daniel MinahanDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 29, 2011 (2011-05-29)2.40[25]
88"The Pointy End"Daniel MinahanGeorge R. R. MartinJune 5, 2011 (2011-06-05)2.72[26]
99"Baelor"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 12, 2011 (2011-06-12)2.66[27]
1010"Fire and Blood"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 19, 2011 (2011-06-19)3.04[28]

text: Season 2 (2012)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)111"The North Remembers"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 1, 2012 (2012-04-01)3.86[29]
122"The Night Lands"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 8, 2012 (2012-04-08)3.76[30]
133"What Is Dead May Never Die"Alik SakharovBryan CogmanApril 15, 2012 (2012-04-15)3.77[31]
144"Garden of Bones"David PetrarcaVanessa TaylorApril 22, 2012 (2012-04-22)3.65[32]
155"The Ghost of Harrenhal"David PetrarcaDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 29, 2012 (2012-04-29)3.90[33]
166"The Old Gods and the New"David NutterVanessa TaylorMay 6, 2012 (2012-05-06)3.88[34]
177"A Man Without Honor"David NutterDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 13, 2012 (2012-05-13)3.69[35]
188"The Prince of Winterfell"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 20, 2012 (2012-05-20)3.86[36]
199"Blackwater"Neil MarshallGeorge R. R. MartinMay 27, 2012 (2012-05-27)3.38[37]
2010"Valar Morghulis"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 3, 2012 (2012-06-03)4.20[38]

text: Season 3 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)211"Valar Dohaeris"Daniel MinahanDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMarch 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)4.37[39]
222"Dark Wings, Dark Words"Daniel MinahanVanessa TaylorApril 7, 2013 (2013-04-07)4.27[40]
233"Walk of Punishment"David BenioffDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 14, 2013 (2013-04-14)4.72[41]
244"And Now His Watch Is Ended"Alex GravesDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 21, 2013 (2013-04-21)4.87[42]
255"Kissed by Fire"Alex GravesBryan CogmanApril 28, 2013 (2013-04-28)5.35[43]
266"The Climb"Alik SakharovDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 5, 2013 (2013-05-05)5.50[44]
277"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"Michelle MacLarenGeorge R. R. MartinMay 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)4.84[45]
288"Second Sons"Michelle MacLarenDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 19, 2013 (2013-05-19)5.13[46]
299"The Rains of Castamere"David NutterDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 2, 2013 (2013-06-02)5.22[47]
3010"Mhysa"David NutterDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 9, 2013 (2013-06-09)5.39[48]

text: Season 4 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)311"Two Swords"D. B. WeissDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)6.64[49]
322"The Lion and the Rose"Alex GravesGeorge R. R. MartinApril 13, 2014 (2014-04-13)6.31[50]
333"Breaker of Chains"Alex GravesDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 20, 2014 (2014-04-20)6.59[51]
344"Oathkeeper"Michelle MacLarenBryan CogmanApril 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)6.95[52]
355"First of His Name"Michelle MacLarenDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 4, 2014 (2014-05-04)7.16[53]
366"The Laws of Gods and Men"Alik SakharovBryan CogmanMay 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)6.40[54]
377"Mockingbird"Alik SakharovDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)7.20[55]
388"The Mountain and the Viper"Alex GravesDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 1, 2014 (2014-06-01)7.17[56]
399"The Watchers on the Wall"Neil MarshallDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 8, 2014 (2014-06-08)6.95[57]
4010"The Children"Alex GravesDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)7.09[58]

text: Season 5 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)411"The Wars to Come"Michael SlovisDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)8.00[59]
422"The House of Black and White"Michael SlovisDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 19, 2015 (2015-04-19)6.81[60]
433"High Sparrow"Mark MylodDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 26, 2015 (2015-04-26)6.71[61]
444"Sons of the Harpy"Mark MylodDave HillMay 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)6.82[62]
455"Kill the Boy"Jeremy PodeswaBryan CogmanMay 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)6.56[63]
466"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken"Jeremy PodeswaBryan CogmanMay 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)6.24[64]
477"The Gift"Miguel SapochnikDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 24, 2015 (2015-05-24)5.40[65]
488"Hardhome"Miguel SapochnikDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 31, 2015 (2015-05-31)7.01[66]
499"The Dance of Dragons"David NutterDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 7, 2015 (2015-06-07)7.14[67]
5010"Mother's Mercy"David NutterDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)8.11[68]

text: Season 6 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)511"The Red Woman"Jeremy PodeswaDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissApril 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)7.94[69]
522"Home"Jeremy PodeswaDave HillMay 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)7.29[70]
533"Oathbreaker"Daniel SackheimDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)7.28[71]
544"Book of the Stranger"Daniel SackheimDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)7.82[72]
555"The Door"Jack BenderDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissMay 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)7.89[73]
566"Blood of My Blood"Jack BenderBryan CogmanMay 29, 2016 (2016-05-29)6.71[74]
577"The Broken Man"Mark MylodBryan CogmanJune 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)7.80[75]
588"No One"Mark MylodDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)7.60[76]
599"Battle of the Bastards"Miguel SapochnikDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)7.66[77]
6010"The Winds of Winter"Miguel SapochnikDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJune 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)8.89[78]

text: Season 7 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)611"Dragonstone"Jeremy PodeswaDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJuly 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)10.11[79]
622"Stormborn"Mark MylodBryan CogmanJuly 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)9.27[80]
633"The Queen's Justice"Mark MylodDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissJuly 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)9.25[81]
644"The Spoils of War"Matt ShakmanDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissAugust 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)10.17[82]
655"Eastwatch"Matt ShakmanDave HillAugust 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)10.72[83]
666"Beyond the Wall"Alan TaylorDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissAugust 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)10.24[84]
677"The Dragon and the Wolf"Jeremy PodeswaDavid Benioff & D. B. WeissAugust 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)12.07[85]

text: Season 8[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected by [86][87]Written by [88]Original air date [12]U.S. viewers(millions)681TBADavid NutterDave Hill2019 (2019)TBD
692TBADavid NutterBryan Cogman2019 (2019)TBD
703TBAMiguel SapochnikDavid Benioff & D. B. Weiss2019 (2019)TBD
714TBADavid NutterDavid Benioff & D. B. Weiss2019 (2019)TBD
725TBAMiguel SapochnikDavid Benioff & D. B. Weiss2019 (2019)TBD
736TBADavid Benioff & D. B. WeissDavid Benioff & D. B. Weiss2019 (2019)TBD

text: Home media releases[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

DVD release date

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

1

10

March 6, 2012[89]

March 5, 2012[90]

August 10, 2012[91]

2

10

February 19, 2013[92]

March 4, 2013[93]

March 6, 2013[94]

3

10

February 18, 2014[95]

February 17, 2014[96]

February 19, 2014[97]

4

10

February 17, 2015[98]

February 16, 2015[99]

February 18, 2015[100]

5

10

March 15, 2016[101]

March 14, 2016[102]

March 16, 2016[103]

6

10

November 15, 2016[104]

November 14, 2016[105]

November 16, 2016[106]

7

7

December 12, 2017[107]

December 11, 2017[108]

December 11, 2017[109]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: SeasonEp. 1Ep. 2Ep. 3Ep. 4Ep. 5Ep. 6Ep. 7Ep. 8Ep. 9Ep. 10Average12.222.202.442.452.582.442.402.722.663.042.52[110]23.863.763.773.653.903.883.693.863.384.203.80[110]34.374.274.724.875.355.504.845.135.225.394.97[111]46.646.316.596.957.166.407.207.176.957.096.84[112]58.006.816.716.826.566.245.407.017.148.116.88[113]67.947.297.287.827.896.717.807.607.668.897.69[114]710.119.279.2510.1710.7210.2412.07N/A10.26[115]