document_title: Surf's Up (film)

question_text: who is the voice of lani in surfs up

question_tokens: who is the voice of lani in surfs up

root

text: Surf's Up (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: A documentary crew follows the misadventures of Cody Maverick, a 17-year-old northern rockhopper penguin who lives in Shiverpool, Antarctica with his mother Edna and his older brother Glen. Cody has wanted to be a professional surfer ever since a visit from legendary surfer Ezekiel "Big Z" Topanga several years ago. When a talent scout shorebird named Mikey arrives to find entrants for the "Big Z Memorial" surfing contest, Cody jumps at the chance despite the lack of support from his family. En route to the contest, Cody befriends another entrant, Chicken Joe, an air-headed rooster from Lake Michigan.

tag: p

text: The entrants arrive at Pen Gu Island, the site of the contest, where Cody meets and immediately falls in love with Lani, a female gentoo penguin who is a lifeguard. He also meets Tank "The Shredder" Evans, an arrogant penguin who has won the Big Z Memorial nine times since it was first held after Z's alleged death during a previous match ten years ago. Cody sees him vandalizing Big Z's memorial and immediately challenges Tank to a surfing duel. Tank easily wins the duel while Cody nearly drowns. Lani rescues him and takes him to her uncle, the "Geek", to help Cody recover from his injuries. Cody wakes up and panics when he can't find the souvenir necklace he got as a kid from Big Z. Geek criticizes the necklace, but decides to return it when he later finds it in his hut.

text: While returning the necklace, Geek finds Cody sitting on a koa log and offers to help him make a perfect surfboard. They attempt to take the log back to Geek's house, only to lose control of it and end up on a beach far away from the contest. When Cody gets to the beach, he discovers a shack full of old trophies and surfboards, which are actually Z's belongings. After observing Geek sadly looking in the shack, he realizes that Geek is actually Z and asks him to teach him how to surf. Reluctantly, Z agrees, but says that Cody has to make his own board first. The attempt doesn't go well, however, as an impatient Cody doesn't listen to Z's advice and makes an unstable board that shatters as soon as he tries to enter the water. Angry, he storms off, running into Lani, who eventually persuades him to return. That night, a happier, more patient Cody works on a new board, finishing it by morning, and falls asleep.

text: Z compliments Cody on his board, but when Cody is eager to start training, he instead has him do seemingly menial tasks unrelated to surfing. Losing his patience with Z, he places him on the board and pushes him into the water while he is asleep as a prank. Z asks him if he had fun, and when Cody says "yes", Z takes him to the water and begins teaching him how to surf the waves, both being joined by Lani. Afterwards, Cody asks Z if he'll come watch the contest, but Z refuses, saying he faked his death because he realized he couldn't compete with his then-new rival Tank, and that he was disillusioned. Not impressed that Z just gave up, Cody morosely throws the necklace Z gave him to the sea and leaves, meets up with Joe, and gets back to the contest just as it begins.

text: Tank easily makes it to the finals, as do Cody and Joe. In the semifinals, Tank battles with Cody, with Tank trying to throw him off his board, but Tank falls off his own board and loses. During the finals, however, Tank bursts in and tries to hit Joe off his board. Cody intervenes at the last minute, sending him and Tank out of bounds and into a surfing obstacle known as the Boneyard, which has killed surfers who have ventured there. Tank punches Cody off his board before crashing, and is rescued by Lani. Z, who had been secretly watching Cody's performance, rescues Cody from a gigantic wave and helps him get back to the beach safely.

text: Z and Cody find out that Joe won by default since Tank and Cody were disqualified. However, Cody accepts the loss, having decided he'd rather just have fun instead. Z reveals himself to the spectators and invites all of them to surf at his beach. Cody finishes his interview with a reflection of the past events and then joins the rest of his friends in the water.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Shia LaBeouf as Cody Maverick, a 17-year old rockhopper penguin who dreams of being a surfer.
Jeff Bridges as Zeke "Big Z/Geek" Topanga, Cody's idol and a famous surfer penguin.
Zooey Deschanel as Lani Aliikai, a Gentoo penguin and Cody's love interest.
Jon Heder as Chicken Joe, a dimwitted rooster.
Mario Cantone as Mikey Abromowitz, a talented scout shorebird.
James Woods as Reggie Belafonte, a short-tempered sea otter.
Diedrich Bader as Tank "The Shredder" Evans, Cody's rival.
Dana Belben as Edna Maverick, Cody's mother.
Brian Posehn as Glen Maverick, Cody's older brother.
Kelly Slater as himself
Rob Machado as himself
Ash Brannon as himself
Chris Buck as himself
Sal Masekela as himself
Reed Buck as Arnold
Reese Elowe as Kate
Jack P. Ranjo as Smudge
Matt Taylor as Ivan, a sea urchin

text: Music[edit]

text:
Surf's Up: Music from the Motion Picture
Soundtrack album by Various ArtistsReleased
June 5, 2007Genre
Film soundtrackLength
50:17Label
Columbia Records

tag: table

text: Surf's Up: Music from the Motion Picture was released on June 5, 2007. The following 14 songs are on the Sony's official film soundtrack.[6]

text: No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Reggae Got Soul"3113:092."Drive"Incubus3:523."Stand Tall"Dirty Heads3:114."Lose Myself"Lauryn Hill4:355."Just Say Yes"Ken Andrews3:406."Forrowest"Forro in the Dark4:447."Pocket Full of Stars"Nine Black Alps3:328."Into Yesterday"Sugar Ray4:119."Big Wave"Pearl Jam2:5710."Wipe Out"The Queers1:4111."Run Home (Instrumental)"Priestess3:3712."What I Like About You"The Romantics2:5713."You Get What You Give"New Radicals4:5714."Hawaiian War Chant (Ta-Hu-Wa-Hu-Wai)"Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys3:14Total length:50:17

text: According to the film's end credits, the version of "Wipe Out" heard in the film is actually performed by the punk band The Queers. The official soundtrack includes this version under the pseudonym "Big Nose", presumably for marketing purposes.[7][8] Two songs by Green Day, "Welcome to Paradise" (the version from the album “Dookie”) and "Holiday" in an instrumental version, are used for background music in the film.[9] However, neither song appears on the official soundtrack album. In the primary teaser trailer, the song "Get on Top" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers can be heard in the background. "Welcome to Paradise" was also used in the second trailer promoting Surf's Up, as well as "Three Little Birds" by Sean Paul featuring Ziggy Marley. The DVD and Blu-ray behind-the-scenes featurette entitled "Making Waves" features the song "The Water", performed by Venice. This also does not appear on the "Surf's Up" soundtrack, but can be found on Venice's "Garage Demos Part 2: Fast Stuff" CD.

text: Surf's Up: Original Ocean Picture Score was composed for the film by Mychael Danna and it was released on a limited edition (of a thousand units) 23-track CD.[10]

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: To promote the film's release, surfboard wax bearing the film's logo and a rendering of Cody was given out at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con On June 8, 2007, McDonald's issued eight Surf's Up toys in their Happy Meals for one month. In the Australian market, a few small plush characters of Cody, Lani, Chicken Joe, and Geek replace some of the toys in the US lineup. There was also a tie-in with the candy Air Heads which introduces a "New Wave" flavor (pineapple) and four collectible lenticular motion surf board shaped pieces. Build A Bear stores sold plush toys of the film's protagonist, Cody Maverick. Patrons could "build" their own Cody as well as dress him up in an array of surf-themed clothing and other accessories in Build A Bear workshops. They could also purchase Cody and accessories at the official site. Several plushes from Nanco intended for claw machines can also be found and purchased in varying sizes (from 6 inches to 11 inches to 17 inches). Characters available: Cody, Lani, Tank, Geek, Big Z, Chicken Joe, and Reggie Belefonte. A rare set of larger (Geek measures 15 inches) and higher quality plushes had been made available at the premiere's after party. Won either through available games, or given away with gift sets for attendees. Cody, Lani, Arnold and Geek were created and so far no plans for the dolls to be sold commercially have appeared. A series of children's 100 piece puzzles are available as well depicting various characters and setups. Five inch waterproof plush tub toys released by Jakks Pacific in minimal quantities to most major retailers. Five characters were produced, including Cody, Tank, Big Z, Arnold, & Chicken Joe. Each character has an attached washcloth/surfboard, but sport questionable likenesses (and in the case of Chicken Joe, entirely off model, bearing more of a resemblance to Mikey). Along with the release of the film, a companion Surf's Up video game was released by Ubisoft for all the current video gaming systems on the market. All versions of the game are the same with mild graphical differences, with only the Nintendo DS version changing the overall format.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Surf's Up was released on high-definition Blu-ray Disc, PSP UMD Video and DVD in the United States on October 9, 2007. The DVD and Blu-ray included two animated short films: The ChubbChubbs! and The ChubbChubbs Save Xmas, the latter of which premiered with this release.[11]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Surf's Up has a 79% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 145 reviews; the average rating is 6.7/10. The site's consensus reads: "Surf's Up is a laid-back, visually stunning animated movie that brings a fresh twist to some familiar conventions. Its witty mockumentary format is fun and inventive, and the CGI is breathtakingly realistic."[12] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a score of 64 out of 100 based on 26 reviews.[13]

text: Some reviews noted that in spite of it coming so soon after many films featuring penguins (March of the Penguins, Madagascar, and Happy Feet), Surf's Up was able to stand out on its own. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times reviewed: "The originality of the documentary format coupled with the splendid CGI effects qualifies Surf's Up as not just another penguin movie."[14] The Dallas Morning News critic Nancy Churnin agreed: "Sorry, cynics, Surf's Up is a charmer. And if the birds look somewhat familiar, they have something fresh to say about friendship and what winning is all about."[15] While James Berardinelli of ReelViews said: "If you have to see one penguin movie, this is it",[16] Kyle Smith of the New York Post had a different opinion: "Maybe the next penguin flick will do more justice to the subject."[17] Roger Moore of Orlando Sentinel gave the film a positive score, noting that it was "beautifully animated, terrifically acted and edited in a way that hilariously mimics those Endless Summer surf documentaries."[18] Conversely, Bill Muller, The Arizona Republic's critic, disliked almost everything: "From the nondescript voices to routine animation to an over-written story, this movie spends much of its time gasping for air."[19]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened at number four and grossed $5,804,772 at the box office on its opening day in North America. It grossed $17,640,249 in its opening weekend. The film grossed $58,867,694 in North America, and $90,176,819 in the other territories, making the total worldwide gross $149,044,513.[4]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Academy Awards

February 24, 2008

Best Animated Feature

Ash Brannon and Chris Buck

Nominated

Annie Awards

February 8, 2008

Best Animated Feature

Surf's Up

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Animated Effects in an Animated Production

Deborah Carlson

Won

Animation Production Artist

John Clark

Won

Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in an Animated Feature Production

Alan Hawkins

Nominated

Dave Hardin

Nominated

Outstanding Character Design in a Feature Production

Sylvain Deboissy

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production

Ash Brannon and Chris Buck

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production

Marcelo Vignali

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production

Denise Koyama

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production

Don Rhymer, Ash Brannon, Chris Buck and Christopher Jenkins

Nominated

Georges Award

Unknown

Best Animated Movie

Surf's Up

Nominated

Golden Reel Awards

February 23, 2008

Best Sound Editing - SFX, Foley, Dialogue & ADR for Feature Film Animation

Steven Ticknor, Martin Lopez, Michael J. Benavente, Jason King, Ulrika Akander, Gary A. Hecker and Michael Broomberg

Nominated

MTV Russia Movie Awards

April 26, 2008

Best Cartoon

Surf's Up

Nominated

Saturn Awards

June 25, 2009

Best Animated Feature

Surf's Up

Nominated

VES Awards

February 10, 2009

Best Single Visual Effect of the Year

Rob Bredow, Lydia Bottegoni, Daniel Kramer and Matt Hausman

Nominated

Outstanding Performance by an Animated Character in an Animated Motion Picture

David Schaub, Moon-Jung Kang, Brian Casper and Andreas Procopiou

Nominated

Outstanding Performance by an Animated Character in an Animated Motion Picture

David Schaub, Peter Nash, James Crossley and Shia LaBeouf

Nominated

Outstanding Effects in an Animated Motion Picture

Rob Bredow, Daniel Kramer, Matt Hausman and Danny Dimian

Nominated

Young Artist Awards

March 29, 2009

Best Family Feature Film (Animation)

Surf's Up

Nominated

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A direct-to-video sequel, titled Surf's Up 2: WaveMania, was released on January 17, 2017. The film stars WWE superstars John Cena, Triple H, The Undertaker, Vince McMahon, and Paige.[20]


document_title: Club-Mate

question_text: club mate rum and lime in this german drink

text: Club-Mate

text: History[edit]

text: Geola Beverages of Dietenhofen, Germany originally formulated and marketed Club-Mate under the name Sekt-Bronte since 1924.[3] The drink was only known regionally until acquired by Loscher and marketed under the name Club-Mate in 1994.[4]

text: In December 2007, Loscher marketed a Club-Mate winter edition. The limited-edition Club-Mate consists of the original formula mixed with cardamom, cinnamon, star anise and citrus extract. It is since sold regularly for a limited time during winter.

text: In 2009, a Club-Mate-styled cola variety was introduced. Unlike other colas, its recipe includes mate-extract.

text: In 2013, Club-Mate Granat, a Club-Mate variety with additional pomegranate flavor, was introduced.

text: As of July 2010, the company listed additional countries like the United Kingdom,[5] the United States,[6] Belgium,[7] Bulgaria [8] and Luxembourg to reach distributors in 40 countries,[9] primarily in Europe, but also in Canada, [10] Australia, Israel, Turkey and South Africa.

text: Hacker culture[edit]

text: Club-Mate has developed a following in computer hacker culture and tech start-ups, especially in Europe. Bruce Sterling wrote in Wired magazine that it is the favorite beverage of Germany's Chaos Computer Club[11]. It is also popular at Noisebridge[12] and HOPE[13] in the United States, Electromagnetic Field in the UK and the Hack-Tic events in the Netherlands. Club-Mate appeared in numerous leading media websites like Al-Jazeera,[14] TechCrunch[15] and Vice.[16]

text: Ingredients[edit]

text:
Water
Inverted sugar syrup
Sugar
Mate tea extract
Citric acid
Caffeine
Natural flavors
Caramel color
Carbonic acid

tag: ul

text: Tschunk[edit]

text: Tschunk [ˈtʃʊnk] is a German cocktail consisting of Club-Mate and white or brown rum. It is usually served with limes and cane or brown sugar.[17][18]

text: Like Club-Mate, the Tschunk is a typical drink within European hacker culture[19][20] and can often be found at scene typical events or locations like the Chaos Communication Congress.[18][21]


document_title: Founder's Day (The Vampire Diaries)

question_text: was it elena or katherine that kissed damon

text: Founder's Day (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Everybody gets ready for the Founder's Day parade and dressed up in period outfits, including Elena (Nina Dobrev), something that makes her look like Katherine even more. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) tells Stefan (Paul Wesley) that he does not need to worry since he will not steal his girlfriend.

text: Anna (Malese Jow) shows up in Jeremy's (Steven R. McQueen) room to tell him that John (David Anders) was the one who killed her mother and she wants to leave town. She gives Jeremy a vial with her blood telling him that she could turn him to go with her if he wanted to but Jeremy changed his mind since the first time he asked her to turn him.

text: Elena is shocked by the news Stefan told her; that John is her birth father. Elena wonders if she has to confront him and ask him if it is true while she is also worried if Jeremy will ever forgive her. She tries to talk to him but Jeremy tells her to go to hell, something that Damon catches from afar. He follows Jeremy and aggressively tries to tell him not to treat Elena that way. Stefan interferes apologizing to Jeremy for everything that happened but Jeremy still does not feel like forgiving Elena.

text: Tyler (Michael Trevino) tries to make up with Matt (Zach Roerig) but Matt is still mad at him. Caroline (Candice Accola) tries to talk to Matt on forgiving Tyler but he cuts her off. Meanwhile, Damon thanks Bonnie (Kat Graham) for removing the spell from the Gilbert device that could have killed him.

text: While the parade is in progress, John explains to Mayor Lockwood (Robert Pralgo) the plan of how they will use the device to find the vampires, who plan to attack the town in the night, and kill them. When the device is activated, it will produce a high pitched sound that humans will not be able to hear and it will force the vampires to reveal themselves. The council's team will inject them with vervain and gather them all together at the old Gilbert office, where they will burn them. Sheriff Forbes (Marguerite MacIntyre) enters and she does not agree with John's plan to use the town as a bait since their children will be among the crowd. John asks to talk along to the Sheriff. He knocks her out and handcuffs her to the ventilation pipes while at the same time, the tomb vampires plan their attack when Anna shows up.

text: Anna comes to Damon to inform him that the tomb vampires are already in the town planning to attack when the fireworks go off and their target is the founding families. She only attended them earlier to find out their plan. Damon figures out that John is planning to use the device but because he still thinks that the device will not work, he runs to find Alaric (Matt Davis) and ask for his help. He also tells Elena and Stefan about the vampires being there and asks Stefan to take Elena out of there. The two of them run to find Jeremy while Damon leaves to find John.

text: Mayor gets into the Grill looking for Tyler. He asks him to go home but when Tyler ignores him, his father becomes aggressive. Matt and Caroline interfere taking Tyler's side and the Mayor, calmer, asks politely Tyler to go home and take his friends with him, handing him over his car keys. Anna also finds Jeremy at the Grill and tries to explain him everything that is going on.

text: Back to the celebration, the Mayor gives a speech about the 150th anniversary of their town and gives the signal for the fireworks to start while the vampires wait to start their attack and John to activate the device. Damon walks into the old Gilbert office to confront John, but John activates the device and Damon collapses. John injects him with vervain. At the same time, the vampires outside start to collapse too with the council's team finding them and injecting them with vervain. Stefan collapses too but Alaric gets there in time to direct the deputy to another vampire and help Elena take Stefan away. Anna does not have the same luck, since they find her and take her away while she is with Jeremy and before she manages to completely tell him what is going on. Mayor Lockwood also collapses because of the sound and taken away.

text: Tyler, Matt and Caroline are on their way home when John activates the device. Tyler hears the noise and loses control of the car, which crashes into a gate. The paramedics get to the scene and examine the unconscious Tyler. His pulse is steady but when the paramedic tries to examine his eyes, they don't look human. Tyler wakes up and his eyes are back to normal. Caroline, who seemed perfectly fine before, collapses.

text: John deactivates the device since the deputies have found all the vampires, while Alaric, Stefan and Elena realize what is going on and that Bonnie did not remove the spell from the device. They wonder where Damon is and Elena asks Alaric to find Jeremy and take him home while she and Stefan run to find Damon. They run into John who has already put a fire on the basement of the old Gilbert office to burn the vampires.

text: Meanwhile, at the basement, Damon spots the Mayor among the prisoners and wonders why he is there. Damon can see that vervain did not affect him which means that he is not a vampire but he cannot understand what he is. The Mayor tries to get away from Damon but he gets closer to the leader of the tomb vampires who breaks his neck. At the same time, Mrs. Lockwood finds Sheriff Forbes and frees her from the handcuffs informing her that the deputies have taken her husband and she doesn't know why or where they took him.

text: John dares Stefan to try and save his brother since he is certain that he will not make it out alive. Elena attempts to follow Stefan and John stops her. Elena tells him that as her father should care about the people she loves and cares about, something that surprises John. John's surprise makes Elena sure that he is her father and she leaves to help Damon.

text: Bonnie stops Stefan right before he enters the burning building warning him that the fire will kill him but Stefan gets in anyway. Bonnie then stops Elena but when she sees that Elena will go in anyway, she starts chanting while holding her to prevent her from getting in. The spell calms the fire long enough for Stefan to get to Damon and help him get out. Elena and Stefan meet a little later at the Grill where Elena reassures Stefan that she loves him and not Damon, even though she cares about him.

text: Damon goes to Jeremy's room to inform him about Anna's death and that he wanted to help her but he could not. He knows that Jeremy must be in pain and he offers to take the pain away like he did before but this time it will be his choice. Jeremy tells him that even if he erased his memory the pain is still there and compelling him again will not take the pain away now either. Jeremy asks if what Anna told him, that vampires can turn off their humanity and do not feel, is true and Damon says that it is. Vampires can turn off their humanity and that makes life easier but not better. Damon leaves and Jeremy drinks Anna's blood that she brought him earlier. He then finds a bottle of Elena's old painkillers and takes them.

text: At the hospital, Sheriff tells Matt and Tyler that Caroline has an internal bleeding and the doctors are taking her into surgery while she also tells Tyler about his father and that he should call his mother to tell her. Meanwhile back in town, Bonnie runs into Stefan and explains to him that she only saved him and Damon because of Elena. Bonnie promises Stefan that if Damon will not change and he hurts one more person, she will take him down even if that means she will have to take Stefan down as well.

text: Elena comes home and finds Damon on his way out. The two of them have a talk with Damon opening up and thanking her for saving him today. They end up kissing when Jenna (Sara Canning) opens the door and sees them. Jenna orders Elena to come inside and she closes the door behind her asking Elena what is she doing but Elena does not want to talk about it.

text: John is in the kitchen when Elena shows up. John tries to tell her how he met Isobel and how turning her into a vampire changed her completely when Elena grabs a knife and cuts off his fingers, severing him from his ring. John realizes that this is not Elena but Katherine but it is too late to do anything and Katherine stabs him in the stomach.

text: The episode ends with real Elena coming back home talking with Stefan on the phone and telling him that someone took her clothes from her locker. She gets into the house to check on Jeremy before she leaves for the hospital to see Caroline when she hears a noise from the kitchen and she heads there.

text: Feature music[edit]

text: In "Founder's Day" we can hear the songs:[1]

text:
"Bury Me Alive" by We Are the Fallen
"It Is What It Is" by Lifehouse
"Every Time You Go" by Ellie Goulding
"Bloodstream" by Stateless
"You've Changed" by Sia Furler
"True Faith" by Anberlin

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: In its original American broadcast, "Founder's Day" was watched by 3.47 million; up by 0.16 from the previous episode.[2]

text: Reviews[edit]

text: "Founder's Day" received positive reviews.

text: Matt Richenthal from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.9/5. "Wow. What a season finale! Producers had promised us a bunch of cliffhangers and they delivered. [...] Indeed, it was a stunning conclusion to what had been a somewhat meandering, disappointing episode. But that all changed with the thrust of Katherine's knife."[3]

text: Josie Kafka of Doux Reviews rated the episode with 4/4. "I really didn’t see the Elena/Katherine fake-out coming. I was surprised that Elena kissed Damon, but it was so very darn sexy that I thought maybe she just got caught up in the moment. Even when she grabbed the knife, I still wasn’t sure. It wasn’t until she cut off all of Sark’s fingers that I realized Elena would probably not have the nerve to do something so gory with her aunt and brother in the house."[4]

text: Diana Steenbergen from IGN rated the episode with 9/10 saying that the show has turned into one of the better guilty pleasures on TV and that the cliffhangers are plentiful at the end of the hour. "One of the great things about The Vampire Diaries is the pacing. The storylines move at breakneck speed; a conflict is introduced one week, it is resolved the next and a new conflict crops up. The big ticket items this week are Elena finding out who her father really is, Bonnie admitting that she did not remove the power of Johnathan Gilbert's device, and Damon's newfound humanity. Each storyline is suitably addressed in the hour, and as usual, new problems present themselves by the end." Steenbergen also praised Somerhalder, saying that is the best part of the show: "He is ridiculously entertaining as Damon, the sometime evil Salvatore brother. Damon has a bit of an advantage on poor Stefan, since it is so much fun to watch the snarky, obnoxious behavior Damon dishes out to everyone."[5]

text: Robin Franson Pruter of Forced Viewing rated the episode with 4/4 saying that the episode was satisfying on every level. "An exciting, engrossing end to the first season, "Founder’s Day" stands as a paragon of the serialized drama season finale. [...] We, the viewers, are left staring at the screen in mute astonishment, until it dawns on us that we’ll have to wait three months in breathless anticipation of the next season’s premiere." Franson Pruter also commented on Dobrev's acting as Elena/Katherine saying that she was impressed: "I’m really impressed with Nina Dobrev in this episode. As much as I was fooled along with Damon and Jenna by Katherine’s masquerade during the porch scene, watching this episode again, I can see Dobrev using gestures and expressions we will come to associate with Katherine."[6]

text: Meg of Two Cents TV gave a good review to the episode saying that it was amazing and the season was eventful and incredible. "Holy crap! Holy crap! I’m still reeling from the last five minutes of tonight’s season finale. It’s (finally!) Founder’s Day in Mystic Falls, and with it comes murder, mutilation, mayhem, and one helluva cliffhanger!"[7]

text: Jen Yamato from HitFix gave a good review to the episode saying that the season finale went out with a bang. "Completing an incredibly strong 22-episode run, "The Vampire Diaries" ended its first season not just with a bang, but with an explosive, fiery, violent, sexy bang that tied up some story threads and created other deliciously unexpected ones. This was an episode that gave a lot to fans, a tense piece of storytelling that offered plenty of hints and foreshadowing and delivered on clues dropped throughout the season."[8]

text: Popsugar of Buzzsugar also gave a good review to the episode stating: "I can barely express my grief that The Vampire Diaries is over for the season — but what an insane season finale! Also causing me grief? The three, and possibly more, deaths that we witness on Founder's Day!"[9]

text: Mark O. Estes from TV Overmind gave a good review to the episode saying that the show "killed it tonight" leaving him can't wait for the new season.[10]


document_title: Ulta Beauty

question_text: how many ulta stores are there in the us

text: Ulta Beauty

text: History[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Ulta Salon, Cosmetics and Fragrance was founded by Richard E. George, the former President of Osco Drug, Inc. George left work at Osco in 1989, beginning his attempt to create a business plan for what would later be Ulta. His business plan included a new concept for retail that offers higher-end and lower-end products. Members of Osco and other additions joined Richard George and Terry Hanson, who raised $11.5 million in venture capital, and launched Ulta officially in 1990. In September 1996, Hanson hired Charles "Rick" Weber, another Osco veteran, as Chief Financial Officer.  In the later years, Terry Hanson became president of the company. In December 1999, Lyn Kirby, formerly of Sears Circle of Beauty, became the President and Chief Executive Officer and Weber became Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The two ran the business together until Weber left in September 2006 when he was selected by Tom Stemberg, founder of Staples, to become Chairman and Chief Executive officer of Rec Room Furniture and Games, Inc.[2] On October 25, 2007, the company became publicly traded on the NASDAQ. In 2008, the company opened a second distribution center in Phoenix, Arizona. On April 26, 2010, Ulta announced that Carl "Chuck" Rubin would be appointed as Chief Operating Officer, President, and as a member of the Board of Directors, effective May 10, 2010. According to public filings, Rubin earned over $11.1MM in 2010, making him one of the 20 highest paid CEOs in Chicago.[4]

text: On June 24, 2013, it was announced that Mary Dillon would be appointed as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors, effective July 1, 2013. Dillon was previously the chief of U.S. Cellular and a senior executive at McDonald's and PepsiCo.[5]

text: As of February 2017, the company had a net income of $269 million, and has stock in over 20,000 products including makeup, fragrances, and nail, skin, and hair products.

text: Ultimately, Ulta Beauty was designed for women to go into freestanding stores, such as found in strip malls, that allow them to feel comfortable shopping in a makeup store, with no workers handing out samples. In 1994, Ulta had a makeover that eliminated products and items that were typical of drugstores, such as toothbrushes and vitamins. The store moved strictly to beauty products. In 1999 Ulta Beauty changed its name from Ulta3, changing the brand almost entirely.

text: Operations[edit]

text: In 2013, Ulta opened 125 stores in the United States, bringing their total number of locations to 675 stores. They also announced plans to open 100 more locations by the end of 2014.[6] As of August 4, 2018, Ulta operates 1,124 stores in 49 states and the District of Columbia.[1] A majority of Ulta Beauty stores are located in the East Coast region, although California also has a large presence of company-owned stores.[7]

text: Ulta Beauty offers both high-end and drugstore cosmetics, skincare, and fragrances,[8] in addition to its own brand of makeup, bath and body products, skincare, haircare, nail polish, and fragrances. In May 2017, MAC Cosmetics became available for purchase online,[9] with products scheduled to be in stores beginning in June 2017.[10]

text: Ulta has a salon located in every store nationwide. The store format includes a 950 square feet salon area with eight to ten stations. The salon has a concierge desk, skin treatment room, and semi-private shampoo and hair color processing areas. It offers services including haircuts and coloring from Redken-trained hair stylists, skin treatments and facials from Dermalogica-trained skin therapists, and manicures from OPI-trained professionals.[11] They additionally include the Benefit Brow Bar, which includes services such as brow arching, brow tinting, facial waxing, and eyelash application.[12]

text: Ulta Beauty sales were $713.8 million for the first quarter ending in May 2014.[13] At the end of the second quarter ending in August 2014, Ulta Beauty reported that total sales increased by 22.2 percent and comparable store sales increased 9.6 percent.[14] Wall Street expected the company's total sales to reach $3.19 billion for the fiscal year ending in February 2015, which would be almost three times its 2009 sales levels.[15]

text: Charitable giving[edit]

text: The Ulta Beauty Charitable Foundation (UBCF), formed in 2016, aims to support the education and well-being of women and their families by partnering with the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), Dress for Success and additional local charities. In 2009, Ulta Beauty partnered with BCRF and in the 10 years since, has raised more than $22 million to support its groundbreaking research. UBCF is among BCRF’s top three major donors and is currently helping to fund 16 breast cancer research projects. UBCF partnered with Dress for Success in 2017 to help empower women to achieve economic independence by providing them with professional attire and the resources needed to help them progress their careers. Ulta Beauty provides financial support, products and valuable time to local nonprofit organizations, especially in relation to family and child care, and many leaders serve on the board of various nonprofits organizations. UBCF also has an Associate Relief Program that helps employees at Ulta Beauty affected by a financial hardship.[16]


question_text: who is the speaker of the house of representatives now 2017

text:
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text:
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election, 2017

← October 2015
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
2019 →

435 eligible voting members of the U.S. House of Representatives
218 seats needed for a majority

Majority party
Minority party

Candidate
Paul Ryan
Nancy Pelosi

Party
Republican
Democratic

Leader's seat
Wisconsin's 1st
California's 12th

Members' vote
239
189

Percentage
55.2%
43.6%

Speaker before election
Paul Ryan
Republican

Elected Speaker
Paul Ryan
Republican

text: An election for the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives took place on January 3, 2017, during the opening day of the 115th United States Congress. The incumbent speaker, Paul Ryan, was re-elected. The election took place following the Republican Party's victory in the United States House of Representatives elections, 2016.

text: John Conyers, the Dean of the United States House of Representatives, administered the oath of office to Paul Ryan who, in turn, administered the oath of office en masse to the rest of the members of the 115th United States House of Representatives.

text: All Republicans voted for Ryan except for Thomas Massie of Kentucky, who voted for Dan Webster. All Democrats voted for Pelosi except for Kathleen Rice of New York and Jim Cooper of Tennessee, who voted for Tim Ryan of Ohio; Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, who voted for John Lewis of Georgia; and Ron Kind of Wisconsin, who voted for Cooper. Two members, Kurt Schrader of Oregon and Paul Ryan, did not vote.

text: Results[edit]

text:
Candidate
Votes[1]
 %

√ Paul Ryan (R)
239
55.2%

Nancy Pelosi (D)
189
43.6%

Tim Ryan (D)
2
0.5%

Jim Cooper (D)
1
0.2%

John Lewis (D)
1
0.2%

Dan Webster (R)
1
0.2%

Total
433

Not voting
2

Vacant
0


document_title: History of water polo

question_text: when was the first water polo game played

text: History of water polo

text: Development of the game[edit]

text: The rules of water polo were originally developed in the mid-nineteenth century in Great Britain by William Wilson. The modern game originated as a form of rugby football played in rivers and lakes in England and Scotland with a ball constructed of Indian rubber. This "water rugby" came to be called "water polo" based on the English pronunciation of the Balti word for ball, it means pulu.[3][4] Early play allowed brute strength, wrestling and holding opposing players underwater to recover the ball; the goalie stood outside the playing area and defended the goal by jumping in on any opponent attempting to score by placing the ball on the deck.

text: By the 1880s, the game stressed swimming, passing, and scoring by shooting into a goal net; players could only be tackled when holding the ball and could not be taken under water. Canada was one of the first countries outside Britain to adopt the sport. The Montreal Swimming Club which had formed in 1876 formed a water polo team in 1887 and games were played in the St. Lawrence River along the shore of St. Helen's Island. To deal with constant changes in rules, in 1888, the London Water Polo League was founded and approved rules to allow team competition, forming the foundation of the present game. The first English championships were played in 1888. In 1890, the first international water polo game was played; Scotland defeated England, 4–0.[5]

text: Between 1890 and 1900, the game developed in Europe, with teams competing in Germany, Austria, France, Belgium, Hungary and Italy, using British rules. A different game was being played in the United States, characterized by rough play, holding, diving underwater, and soft, semi-inflated ball that could be gripped tightly and carried underwater. In 1900, the sport of water polo was added to the program of the Olympics – the first team sport to be added.[6] Due to the different codes, European teams did not compete. By 1914, most US teams agreed to conform to international rules.[7] An international water polo committee was formed in 1929, consisting of representatives from Great America and the International Amateur Swimming Federation (FINA). Rules were developed for international matches and put into effect in 1930; FINA has been the international governing body for the sport since that time.

text: Over the years, both technical and rule changes affected the character of the game. In 1928, Hungarian water polo coach Béla Komjádi invented the "air pass," or "dry pass", a technique in which a player directly passes the ball through the air to another player, who receives it without the ball hitting the water. Previously, players would let the ball drop in the water first and then reach out for it, but the dry pass made the offensive game more dynamic, and contributed to Hungarian dominance of water polo for 60 years.[8] In 1936, James R. ("Jimmy") Smith, California water polo coach and author of several books on water polo mechanics, developed a water polo ball made with an inflatable bladder and a rubber fabric cover, which improved performance. The previous leather ball absorbed water and became heavier during the game. In 1949, rule changes allowed play to continue uninterrupted after a referee whistled an ordinary foul, speeding up play. In the 1970s, the exclusion foul replaced a point system for major fouls; players guilty of this foul were excluded for a 1-minute penalty and their team forced to play with fewer players. Possession of the ball was limited to 45 seconds before a scoring attempt. Time of penalties and possession has been reduced since then. The direct shot on goal from the seven (7) meter line after a free throw was allowed in 1994, and changed to a five-meter shot in 2005.

text: Local rule variations[edit]

text: In 2006, revisions were made to the NFHS 2006–2007 swimming/diving and water polo rulebook (USWP and NCAA rules still vary). The four and seven-meter lines were merged to a five-meter line. Under the revised rules, a goalkeeper may use two hands and stand on the bottom of the pool (if shallow) until the 5-meter line, and go beyond the 5-meter line according to the field rules (one hand on the ball no standing), but still not pass the half line. The goalie may strike the ball with a clenched fist, although this is not recommended.

text: New cap rules were also enacted. A goalie cap must now be in quarters alternating red/dark for home and red/white for away. The goalie must be number 1 or 13. For women, a red swim cap must be worn under the goalie cap. A team's dark swim cap is no longer acceptable as it is hard to distinguish a goalie from field players if official cap is off.

text: Olympic competition[edit]

text: Men's water polo at the Olympics was the among the first team sports introduced at the 1900 games (along with cricket, rugby, football (soccer), polo (with horses), rowing and tug of war).[9] Women's water polo became an Olympic sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games after political protests from the Australian women's team. Such protests were rewarded when Australia won the gold medal match against the United States with a "buzzer-beater" last-minute goal, taken from outside the seven-meter line.

text: Some of the best ever include Spain's Manuel Estiarte who played in a record six Olympics and led in scoring for four of them. Dezső Gyarmati of Hungary won water polo medals at five successive Olympic Games (gold 1952, 1956, 1964; silver 1948; bronze 1960), a record in water polo.[10] Another major figure in the sport was Tamás Faragó,[11] who led Hungary to Olympic Medals in 1972, 1976 and 1980. The play of American Terry Schroeder[12] led the United States to its first Olympic silver medals in 1984 and 1988.

text: The most famous water polo match in history is probably the 1956 Summer Olympics semi-final match between Hungary and the Soviet Union. As the athletes left for the games, the Hungarian revolution began, and the Soviet army crushed the uprising. Many of the Hungarian athletes vowed never to return home, and felt their only means of fighting back was by victory in the pool. The confrontation was the most bloody and violent water polo game in history, in which the pool reputedly turned red from blood. The Hungarians defeated the Soviets 4–0 before the game was called off in the final minute to prevent angry Hungarians in the crowd reacting to Valentin Prokopov punching Ervin Zador's eye open. The Hungarians went on to win the Olympic gold medal by defeating Yugoslavia 2–1 in the final. Half of the Hungarian Olympic delegation defected after the games. A documentary by Lucy Liu, Freedom's Fury, premiered in April 2006, recounting the events of the 1956 Hungarian uprising and climaxing with this politicized game.

text: International play[edit]

text: Every 2 to 4 years since 1973, a men's Water Polo World Championship is played together with the World Swimming Championship, under the auspices of FINA. Women's water polo was added in 1986. A second tournament series, the FINA Water Polo World Cup, has been held every other year since 1979. In 2002, FINA organized the sport's first international league, the FINA Water Polo World League, in which the best national teams compete against one another in an annual season format with nearly half a million dollar purse.

text: Internationally, the biggest water polo competition in the world is played in the Netherlands. Prince William of Wales was the captain of his collegiate water polo team at St Andrew's University, Scotland. The annual Varsity Match between Oxford and Cambridge Universities is the sport's longest running rivalry, first played in 1891.[13]

text: Results of the major international championships[edit]

text: Olympic Games[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1900 Paris
 Great Britain
 Belgium
 France (1)

 France (2)

1904 St. Louis
 United States
 United States
 United States

1908 London
 Great Britain
 Belgium
 Sweden

1912 Stockholm
 Great Britain
 Sweden
 Belgium

1920 Antwerp
 Great Britain
 Belgium
 Sweden

1924 Paris
 France
 Belgium
 United States

1928 Amsterdam
 Germany
 Hungary
 France

1932 Los Angeles
 Hungary
 Germany
 United States

1936 Berlin
 Hungary
 Germany
 Belgium

1948 London
 Italy
 Hungary
 Netherlands

1952 Helsinki
 Hungary
 Yugoslavia
 Italy

1956 Melbourne
 Hungary
 Yugoslavia
 Soviet Union

1960 Rome
 Italy
 Soviet Union
 Hungary

1964 Tokyo
 Hungary
 Yugoslavia
 Soviet Union

1968 Mexico City
 Yugoslavia
 Soviet Union
 Hungary

1972 Munich
 Soviet Union
 Hungary
 United States

1976 Montreal
 Hungary
 Italy
 Netherlands

1980 Moscow
 Soviet Union
 Yugoslavia
 Hungary

1984 Los Angeles
 Yugoslavia
 United States
 West Germany

1988 Seoul
 Yugoslavia
 United States
 Soviet Union

1992 Barcelona
 Italy
 Spain
 Unified Team

1996 Atlanta
 Spain
 Croatia
 Italy

2000 Sydney
 Hungary
 Russia
 Yugoslavia

2004 Athens
 Hungary
 Serbia and Montenegro
 Russia

2008 Beijing
 Hungary
 United States
 Serbia

2012 London
 Croatia
 Italy
 Serbia

2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Serbia
 Croatia
 Italy

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2000 Sydney
 Australia
 United States
 Russia

2004 Athens
 Italy
 Greece
 United States

2008 Beijing
 Netherlands
 United States
 Australia

2012 London
 United States
 Spain
 Australia

2016 Rio de Janeiro
 United States
 Italy
 Russia

text: Championships organized by the Federation Internationale de Natation (FINA)[edit]

text: I. FINA World Aquatics Championships[edit]

text:
Year and City
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1973 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
 Hungary
 Soviet Union
 Yugoslavia

1975 Cali, Colombia
 Soviet Union
 Hungary
 Italy

1978 Berlin, Germany
 Italy
 Hungary
 Yugoslavia

1982 Guayaquil, Ecuador
 Soviet Union
 Hungary
 Germany

1986 Madrid, Spain
 Yugoslavia
 Italy
 Soviet Union

1991 Perth, Australia
 Yugoslavia
 Spain
 Hungary

1994 Rome, Italy
 Italy
 Spain
 Russia

1998 Perth, Australia
 Spain
 Hungary
 FR Yugoslavia

2001 Fukuoka, Japan
 Spain
 FR Yugoslavia
 Russia

2003 Barcelona, Spain
 Hungary
 Italy
 Serbia and Montenegro

2005 Montreal, Canada
 Serbia and Montenegro
 Hungary
 Greece

2007 Melbourne
 Croatia
 Hungary
 Spain

2009 Rome, Italy
 Serbia
 Spain
 Croatia

2011 Shanghai, China
 Italy
 Serbia
 Croatia

2013 Barcelona, Spain
 Hungary
 Montenegro
 Croatia

2015 Kazan, Russia
 Serbia
 Croatia
 Greece

2017 Budapest, Hungary
 Croatia
 Hungary
 Serbia

Year and City
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1986 Madrid, Spain
 Australia
 Netherlands
 United States

1991 Perth, Australia
 Netherlands
 Canada
 United States

1994 Rome, Italy
 Hungary
 Netherlands
 Italy

1998 Perth, Western Australia
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Australia

2001 Fukuoka, Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Canada

2003 Barcelona, Spain
 United States
 Italy
 Russia

2005 Montreal, Canada
 Hungary
 United States
 Canada

2007 Melbourne
 United States
 Australia
 Russia

2009 Rome, Italy
 United States
 Australia
 Russia

2011 Shanghai, China
 Greece
 China
 Russia

2013 Barcelona, Spain
 Spain
 Australia
 Hungary

2015 Kazan, Russia
 United States
 Netherlands
 Italy

text: II. FINA Water Polo World Cup[edit]

text:
Year and City
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1979 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
 Hungary
 United States
 Yugoslavia

1981 Long Beach, California
 Soviet Union
 Yugoslavia
 Cuba

1983 Malibu, California
 Soviet Union
 Germany
 Italy

1985 Duisburg, Germany
 Germany
 United States
 Spain

1987 Thessaloniki, Greece
 Yugoslavia
 Soviet Union
 Germany

1989 Berlin
 Yugoslavia
 Italy
 Hungary

1991 Barcelona, Spain
 United States
 Yugoslavia
 Spain

1993 Athens, Greece
 Italy
 Hungary
 Australia

1995 Atlanta, Georgia
 Hungary
 Italy
 Russia

1997 Athens, Greece
 United States
 Greece
 Hungary

1999 Sydney
 Hungary
 Italy
 Spain

2002 Belgrade, Serbia
 Russia
 Hungary
 FR Yugoslavia

2006 Budapest, Hungary
 Serbia and Montenegro
 Hungary
 Spain

2010 Oradea, Romania
 Serbia
 Croatia
 Spain

2014 Almaty, Kazakhstan
 Serbia
 Hungary
 Croatia

text:
Year and City
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1979 Merced, California
 United States
 Netherlands
 Australia

1980 Breda, Netherlands
 Netherlands
 United States
 Canada

1981 Brisbane, Australia
 Canada
 Netherlands
 Australia

1983 Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
 Netherlands
 United States
 Australia

1984 Irvine, California
 Australia
 United States
 Netherlands

1988 Christchurch, New Zealand
 Netherlands
 Hungary
 Canada

1989 Eindhoven, Netherlands
 Netherlands
 United States
 Hungary

1991 Long Beach, California
 Netherlands
 Australia
 United States

1993 Catania, Italy
 Netherlands
 Italy
 Hungary

1995 Sydney
 Australia
 Netherlands
 Hungary

1997 Nancy, France
 Netherlands
 Russia
 Australia

1999 Winnipeg, Canada
 Netherlands
 Australia
 Italy

2002 Perth, Western Australia
 Hungary
 United States
 Canada

2006 Tianjin, China
 Australia
 Italy
 Russia

2010 Christchurch, New Zealand
 United States
 Australia
 China

2014 Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
 United States
 Australia
 Spain

text: III. FINA Water Polo World League[edit]

text:
Year and City
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2002 Patras, Greece
 Russia
 Spain
 Hungary

2003 New York
 Hungary
 Italy
 United States

2004 Long Beach, California
 Hungary
 Serbia and Montenegro
 Greece

2005 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
 Serbia and Montenegro
 Hungary
 Germany

2006 Athens
 Serbia and Montenegro
 Spain
 Greece

2007 Berlin, Germany
 Serbia
 Hungary
 Australia

2008 Genoa, Italy
 Serbia
 United States
 Australia

2009 Podgorica, Montenegro
 Montenegro
 Croatia
 Serbia

2010 Nis, Serbia
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Croatia

2011 Firenze, Italy
 Serbia
 Italy
 Croatia

2012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
 Croatia
 Spain
 Italy

2013 Chelyabinsk, Russia
 Serbia
 Hungary
 Montenegro

2014 Dubai, UAE
 Serbia
 Hungary
 Montenegro

2015 Bergamo, Italy
 Serbia
 Croatia
 Brazil

text:
Year and City
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2004 Long Beach, California
 United States
 Hungary
 Italy

2005 Kirishi, Russia
 Greece
 Russia
 Australia

2006 Cosenza, Italy
 United States
 Italy
 Russia

2007 Montreal, Canada
 United States
 Australia
 Greece

2008 Santa Cruz, Spain
 Russia
 United States
 Australia

2009 Kirishi, Russia
 United States
 Canada
 Australia

2010 La Jolla, United States
 United States
 Australia
 Greece

2011 Tianjin, China
 United States
 Italy
 Australia

2012 Changshu, China
 United States
 Australia
 Greece

2013 Beijing, China
 China
 Russia
 United States

2014 Kunshan, China
 United States
 Italia
 Australia

2015 Shanghai, China
 United States
 Australia
 Netherlands

text: (Source: FINA[permanent dead link])

text: US colleges and clubs[edit]

text: Today club water polo is gaining popularity in the United States. Though the majority of domestic club teams are based in California, Florida, Illinois, and Texas, New England and Missouri preparatory high schools also often field teams. Club water polo teams in the United States often compete in national championships such as Junior Olympics, National Club Championships, and the Speedo Cup. Club teams from Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Michigan were entered at the 2005 USWP Junior Olympics.

text: Aniko Pelle (Hungary) and Sofia Konoukh (Russia) were among the first of an increasing number of international players competing in U.S. collegiate women's water polo. Because of water polo's increased popularity globally, the influence of international coaches like USC's Jovan Vavic from the former Yugoslavia, and the perks of attending an American college, international players are attracted to the premier US colleges. The 2005 Hawaii women's water polo team, coached by Canadian Michel Roy, has nine international players, the most of any team in the nation.

text: Teams from California dominate at the collegiate level. In the United States, water polo players tend to have prestigious academic backgrounds as well. A number of players, including former USA team captain Wolf Wigo, who retired after Athens 2004, Jacqueline Frank DeLuca, bronze medal Olympic goalie, and international phenom Tony Azevedo attended Stanford University. The sport's most notable balancing act to date includes Omar Amr,[14] who played on the US National Team while attending Harvard Medical School and recovering from a near career ending knee injury in 2001.

text: In the 2008 NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship, the UCLA women beat University of Southern California 6 to 3, for their fourth consecutive championship title. In the 2007 Men's NCAA Finals, the UC Berkeley Golden Bears defended their 2006 title by defeating the No. 1-ranked USC water polo men, 8–6. The most prestigious individual water polo honor, the Peter J. Cutino Award, was established in 1999 by the San Francisco Olympic Club, and is presented annually to the top American male and female collegiate water polo player. In 2008, Tim Hutten from UC Irvine and Courtney Mathewson from UCLA won the Cutinos.


document_title: Receiver General for Canada

question_text: who is the current receiver general of canada

text: Receiver General for Canada

text:
Receiver General for Canada

Incumbent
Carla Qualtrough
since August 28, 2017

Style
The Honourable

Member of

Cabinet
Privy Council

Appointer
Governor General of Canada

Term length
At Her Majesty's pleasure

Inaugural holder
Walter Murray

Formation
September 14, 1764

Website
www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/recgen/

text: The Receiver General for Canada (French: Receveur général du Canada) is responsible for making payments to the Government of Canada each fiscal year, accepting payments from financial institutions and preparing the Public Accounts of Canada, containing annual audited financial statements of the Government of Canada. The Receiver General deposits and withdraws funds from the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada.

text: The Minister of Public Works and Government Services is the Receiver General for Canada. The Department of Public Works and Government Services Act, 1996 states: "In the Minister's capacity as Receiver General, the Minister shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties and functions assigned to the Receiver General by law."


document_title: Jeopardy! College Championship

question_text: who won the jeopardy college tournament of champions

text: Jeopardy! College Championship

text: Format[edit]

text: The College Championship uses a ten-game format similar to that used for the Tournament of Champions and the Teen Tournament: 15 players, in groups of three, play in five quarterfinal games; the winners of those five games and the four highest-scoring nonwinners as wild cards become the nine semifinalists who compete in three games, with no two players rematching each other in the semifinal round. The three semifinal winners advance to the two-day final round, in which contestants play two separate matches, with the contestants' combined scores for both matches determining the champion (contestants start with $0 each day).

text: Prizes[edit]

text: Cash[edit]

text: All College Championship contestants receive cash prizes, based on their progress through the tournament. Contestants eliminated prior to the finals receive fixed payouts, while contestants in the finals receive guaranteed minimums, but can earn more. Over time, the prizes have increased in value, as shown below:

text:
Period
Finalists (minimum guarantees)
Semifinalists
Quarterfinalists

Winner
1st runner-up
2nd runner-up

1989–1997
$25,000
$10,000
$7,500
$5,000
$1,000

1998–1999
$15,000
$10,000
$2,500

2000–2002
$50,000

2003
$25,000
$15,000

2004–present
$100,000
$50,000
$25,000
$10,000
$5,000

text: Trophies[edit]

text: Winners also receive a small replica trophy of the larger College Championship trophy, which is retained by Jeopardy! in Southern California. On the larger trophy are engraved the names of every year's winner.

text: Vehicles[edit]

text: From 1993–2004, the winner also won a new car (Dodge from 1993–1994, Volvo from 1995–2003, and Volkswagen in 2004), and the company who manufactured the car matched each finalists' totals and set up scholarships in those amounts earned for the finalists' schools.

text: Other prizes[edit]

text:
Participants in the Season 17 College Championship received custom Jeopardy! jackets by L.L. Bean.
Participants in the Season 27 College Championship received a Nintendo Wii and the Jeopardy! Wii game.
Participants in the Season 30 College Championship received "Jeopardy!" tote bags and picture frames.

text: Tournament of Champions[edit]

text: In addition to the above-mentioned winnings, the winner earns an automatic position in the next Tournament of Champions, though two winners (Vinita Kailasanath in 2001 and Joey Beachum in 2008) deferred their berths in their intended tournament until the following installments due to scheduling conflicts. Three College Champions have made the Tournament of Champions finals (Tom Cubbage in 1989, Jeff Stewart in 1994, and Cliff Galiher in 2007), but only Cubbage won the event.

text: Many college champions have been invited to later Jeopardy! "all-time best" tournaments as well, with varying degrees of success:

text:
1989 winner Tom Cubbage competed in the next year's Super Jeopardy! tournament, losing his opening quarterfinal match.
Every College Championship winner to that point competed in 2005's Ultimate Tournament of Champions, with 2000 winner Pam Mueller advancing to the semifinals, and 1996 winner Shane Whitlock advancing to the quarterfinals.
Cubbage, Mueller, Whitlock, 1993 winner Phoebe Juel, and 2001 winner Vinita Kailasanath all competed in 2014's Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades, with both Cubbage & Mueller advancing to the semifinals. Whitlock, 2008 winner Joey Beachum, and November 2010 winner Erin McLean were among the past champions in the fan favourite online voting to earn one of three slots in the tournament, but only Whitlock won the fan vote for his decade.

text: List of participants[edit]

text: The following is a list of contestants and where they placed in the tournament. Finalists who earned more than the minimum guarantee are as indicated.

text:
Finalists
Semifinalists
Quarterfinalists

Alex Trebek Era (1984–present)

Season 5 (May 8–19, 1989)

Winner: Tom Cubbage (Southern Methodist University, $26,600)
1st runner-up: Alex Yang (Tulane University, $24,601)
2nd runner-up: Linda Krisak (Case Western Reserve University)
Kyle Bostian (University of Massachusetts Amherst)
Jason Moore (University of Southern California)
David Nieporent (Princeton University)
Jason Powderly (Florida State University)
Monroe Roark (University of West Georgia)
Kristine Zaleskas (Harvard University)
Paula Ashbaugh (Michigan State University)
Ann Danielson (Amherst College)
Betty Hsu (University of California, Los Angeles)
Dave Piatt (Johns Hopkins University)
Anna Simopolous (Cornell University)
Chris Swensen (Towson State University)

Season 6 (May 7–18, 1990)

Winner: Michael Thayer (Rutgers University)
1st runner-up: David Honea (North Carolina State University)
2nd runner-up: Amy Zucker (Wesleyan University)
Joey Burgoon (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Matthew Miller (University of Michigan)
Katie Polk (College of William & Mary)
Gavin Russell (University of California, Berkeley)
Noah Smith (Northwestern University)
Brad Williams (University of Northern Iowa)
Elena Broder (Duke University)
Eryn Brown (Harvard University)
Bobbie Diamond (Oberlin College)
Julie Gross (Rice University)
Sue O'Connor (Saint Mary's College (Indiana))
Penny Prior (Georgetown University)

Season 7 (May 6–17, 1991)

Winner: Scott Gillispie (Georgia Institute of Technology, $27,400)
1st runner-up: Andre Duvoisin (University of New Orleans, $10,600)
2nd runner-up: Tim Lakin (Northwestern University)
Kimberly Bartlett (University of Alabama)
Maureen McIvor (Georgetown University)
Franco Recchia (Wayne State University)

Season 8 (May 4–15, 1992)

Winner: Billy Baxter (College of William & Mary, $26,200)
1st runner-up: Stephanie Leveene (University of Delaware, $16,800)
2nd runner-up: Nick Jungman (University of Oklahoma, $16,800)
Chris Montplaisir (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)2
Ken Kansa (The George Washington University)2
Margaret Bickers (Agnes Scott College)
David Ellis (Michigan State University)

Season 9 (May 3–14, 1993)

Winner: Phoebe Juel (Grinnell College, $28,000)
1st runner-up: Eric Biber (Harvard University, $19,100)
2nd runner-up: John Van De Weert (Princeton University, $16,800)
Jeffrey Thompsen (University of California, Berkeley)
Jessica Sison (San Francisco State University)
Nelson Brooks (University of South Carolina)
Ann Menge (Marquette University)
Keena Baumgartner (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Dave Larson (University of Wisconsin–Madison)
Sate Falley (Florida Atlantic University)
Nikki Laski (Iowa State University)
Rhonda Rodriguez (Boston University)
Ericka Hayes (Washington University in St. Louis)
Patrick Archdeacon (Columbia University)
Andi Bloom (Illinois State University)

Season 10 (May 2–13, 1994)

Winner: Jeff Stewart (Brigham Young University)
1st runner-up: Dave Goldsmith (Colgate University, $19,160)
2nd runner-up: Keri Ellis (Michigan Technological University, $7,600)
Kristen Brewe (University of Minnesota)
Brooke Gallagher (University of Maryland, Baltimore County)
Brian Johnson (University of Florida)
Elizabeth Lizotte (Simpson College)
Martin Poteralski (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Sarah Jane Whitten (University of Texas at Dallas)
Maggie Bandur (Northwestern University)
Benoy Chacko (University of Michigan)
Mark Rooney (University of Missouri)
Matt Stone (University of Illinois)
John Sweeney (University of Nebraska)
Shawn Wrobel (Stanford University)

Season 11 (May 1–12, 1995)

Winner: Ben Lyon (University of Oklahoma)
1st runner-up: Rebekah Reeves (Texas A&M University, $13,800)
2nd runner-up: Stephen Smith (University of Notre Dame, $12,400)

Season 12 (February 12–23, 1996)

Winner: Shane Whitlock (University of Arkansas, $32,800)
1st runner-up: Vandana Madhavan (Harvard University, $21,000)
2nd runner-up: Bryan Fagan (Southwest Missouri State University, $13,199)
Bronwyn Bedient (University of North Carolina)
Stephanie Brown (University of West Georgia)
Brian Gondos (University of Pennsylvania)
Bill Lee (University of Washington)
Michael Musgrove (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Mark Schmidt (Baldwin-Wallace College)
Alison Anderson (Boston University)
Colin Campbell (Princeton University)
Jenn Cunningham (Yale University)
Alex Rucker (The George Washington University)
Rachel Schifter (Colgate University)
Jeff Warren (Abilene Christian University)

Season 13 (May 12–23, 1997)

Winner: Craig Barker (University of Michigan)
1st runner-up: Mark Urciuolo (Marist College)
2nd runner-up: Steven Bevier (Michigan State University)2
Brian Chan (Harvard University)2
Bill McKinley (Wittenberg University)
Eric Slack (Purdue University)
Lisa Talley (Loyola University of New Orleans)
Joel Vaughan (Duke University)
Aaron Wenger (University of Louisville)
Oliver Baptiste (William Paterson College)
Leslie Campisi (Loyola University of New Orleans)
Brigid Laurie (Bryn Mawr College)
Andrea Pinyan (Alfred University)
Andrea Riquier (Boston University)
James Tong (Yale University)

Season 14 (May 4–15, 1998) at Zellerbach Hall on the University of California, Berkeley campus

Winner: Andrew Hutchings (Harvey Mudd College)
1st runner-up: Alex Weathers (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, $16,199)
2nd runner-up: Shane Underwood (University of Alabama)
Adia Benton (Brown University)
Cathy Landers (University of California, Berkeley)
Grace Lansangan (Barton College)
Claire Ogilvie (Yale University)
Kristen Page (Mary Washington College)
Bryan Stofferahn (Santa Clara University)
Lucas Bergman (University of Illinois at Chicago)
Leslie Cooper (University of Southern California)
Chanel Lee (University of Virginia)
Katy Sprinkel (DePauw University)
Sub Stockman (University of Pennsylvania)
Mari Webel (Stanford University)

Season 15 (May 3–14, 1999) at the Rosemont Theatre in Rosemont, Illinois

Winner: Carolyn Cracraft (University of Chicago)
1st runner-up: Katie King (University of Kentucky)
2nd runner-up: Josh Levy (University of Pennsylvania, $12,295)
Meg Audette (Wofford College)
Cameron Blakemore (Oklahoma State University)
Stephen James (University of North Texas)
Veronica Lee (University of Oregon)
Jason McClellan (Texas A&M University)
Whitney Owens (Northwestern University)
Julie Ann Cohen (University of Michigan)
Tara Crabtree (University of Washington)
Aaron Johnson (Rowan University)
Butch Malec (Reed College)
Paul Marchegiani (Northwestern University)
Nicole Thibodeau (University of Illinois at Chicago)

Season 16 (February 7–18, 2000)

Winner: Janet Wong (Drew University)
1st runner-up: Adam Center (Georgetown University, $17,299)
2nd runner-up: Greg Hodgin (Emory University)
Julia Becker (Brandeis University)
Gina Bronsberg (University of Illinois)
Molley Jesse (University of Virginia)
Michael LaMasse (Eastern Michigan University)
Kurt Medland (Albion College)
Natalie Tindall (Florida A&M University)
Darren Bates (University of California, San Diego)
Peter Scott Breeze (Ithaca College)
Anita Brkic (University of California, Los Angeles)
Gweneth Connell (Amherst College)
Milo Dochow (Cooper Union)1
Marcail Moran (Hollins University)

Season 17 (November 8–21, 2000) at Meany Hall on the University of Washington campus

Winner: Pam Mueller (Loyola University Chicago)
1st runner-up: Jonah Knobler (Harvard University)
2nd runner-up: Carl Gilbertsen (University of Illinois)
Mitali Banerjee (Rice University)
Matt Keller (Vanderbilt University)
Erin Milligan (University of Delaware)
Suzanne Rivoire (University of Texas at Austin)
Genevieve Romeo (Ursinus College)
Dave Sabath (University of Wisconsin–Madison)
Jim Giesen (University of Washington)
Iyesatu Kamara (University of Washington)
Jordan Kovnot (Dartmouth College)
Rob Schickler (Baylor University)
Lisa Thimjon (Luther College (Iowa))
John R. Williams (George Washington University)

Season 18 (November 7–20, 2001) at Pauley Pavilion on the University of California, Los Angeles campus

Winner: Vinita Kailasanath (Stanford University)
1st runner-up: Matt Schnippert (Florida State University, $19,801)
2nd runner-up: Thomas Zamora (University of Southern California, $14,100)
Sara Dean (Syracuse University)
Brett Dvorak (Indiana University)
Mysti Kofford (Boston University)
Jayce Newton (University of California, Los Angeles)
Marques Redd (Harvard University)
Brittany Rogers (Saddleback College)
Erin Bogart (Miami University)
Jamie Green (Brown University)
Susan Haarman (Marquette University)
Tony Nagatani (Ithaca College)
Andrew Nerlinger (University of Notre Dame)
Sam Weaver (Bradley University)

Season 19 (November 11–22, 2002) at Jerome Schottenstein Center on the Ohio State University campus

Winner: Kyle Hale (Texas A&M University, $51,300)
1st runner-up: Mark Kehres (Ohio State University, $49,200)
2nd runner-up: Jara Dorsey (Carnegie Mellon University)
Arianna Haut (Washington University in St. Louis)
Stacy Lee (Smith College)
Corrie Loeffler (Azusa Pacific University)
Sarah Martin-Anderson (California State University, Bakersfield)
Pat Mobley (University of Michigan)
Katie Orphan (Whitworth College)
Brian Andrews (DePaul University)
Jenny Hauser (University of Arizona)
Allison Hurley (University of Cincinnati)
Adam Kay (Salt Lake Community College)
Tony Sina (Temple University)
Hikma Abdulghani (Columbia University)

Season 20 (November 10–21, 2003) at Payne Whitney Gymnasium on the Yale University campus

Winner: Keith Williams (Middlebury College)
1st runner-up: Grant Hutchinson (University of West Florida)
2nd runner-up: Joshua Perkins (Rice University)
Alex Albrecht (Purdue University)
Ellen Auer (St. Olaf College)
Ken Basin (University of Southern California)
Jim Fitzpatrick (Wake Forest University)
Heather Groggel (Concordia University Wisconsin)
Robby Schrum (Yale University)
Lauren Henderson (Colby College)
Amanda Johnson (University of Chicago)
Karli Kosman (Mt. San Jacinto College)
Mary Naam (Harvard University)
Lee Tucker (Carleton College)
Joyce Yuan (University of California, Berkeley)

Season 21 (November 10–23, 2004) at the Petersen Events Center on the University of Pittsburgh campus

Winner: Kermin Fleming (Carnegie Mellon University)
1st runner-up: Ari Schoenholtz (Williams College)
2nd runner-up: Rachel McCool (Dickinson College)
Kelley Burd (West Virginia University)
Lindsey Hargrove (University of Texas)
Amory Jendrek (Davidson College)
Vicky Manos (St. John's University)
Casey Retterer (University of Maryland, College Park)
Lily Wang (Columbia University)
Matt Bushell (Georgetown University)
Jeff Love (Stanford University)
Chris Maes (University of Wisconsin–Green Bay)
Larry Marshall (University of Missouri)
Amanda Nowotny (University of Pittsburgh)
Brad Selvig (Florida State University)

Season 22 (November 7–18, 2005) at the RBC Center just off the North Carolina State University campus in Raleigh, North Carolina

Winner: Nico Martinez (Stanford University)
1st runner-up: Adam Pinson (University of Alabama at Birmingham)
2nd runner-up: Jayanth Iyengar (Washington University in St. Louis)
Beth Cimini (Boston University)
Peter Ellis (North Carolina State University)
Ben Goldman (New York University)
Alison Jenik (University of Maryland, College Park)
Amanda Walker (Gonzaga University)
Antonia Wang (Purdue University)
Anna Allie (University of Michigan–Dearborn)
Chris Breen (Princeton University)
Colin Brown (University of Rochester)
Malisha Butts (North Carolina Central University)
Christopher Chilton (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Chelsea He (Duke University)

Season 23 (April 30, 2007 – May 11, 2007) at the Galen Center on the Campus of the University of Southern California

Winner: Cliff Galiher (University of California, Los Angeles)
1st runner-up: Craig Boge (Stanford University)
2nd runner-up: Christine Kennedy (University of Notre Dame)
Hayley Clatterbuck (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)
Alice Luo (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Dean Malec (Northwestern University)
Will Schultz (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Haritha Sudanagunta (University of California, San Diego)
Pete Troyan (University of Michigan)
Elise Burton (University of California, Berkeley)
Brady Cassis (Yale University)
Ashley Grand (Harvard University)
Anna Han (Penn State University)
Sarah Nothnagel (University of Southern California)
Kaitlin Welborn (University of Pennsylvania)

Season 24 (May 5–16, 2008) at the Kohl Center on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison

Winner: Joey Beachum (Mississippi State University)
1st runner-up: Danielle Zsenak (Marquette University)
2nd runner-up: Andrew Chung (Harvey Mudd College)
Danny Devries (University of Michigan)
Tara Franey (Michigan State University)
James Grant (Georgetown University)
Gabrielle McMahan (Florida A&M University)
Suchita Shah (University of Wisconsin–Madison)
Vera Swain (University of South Carolina)
Jonathan Hawley (Harvard University)
Than Hedman (University of Colorado Boulder)
Brandon Hensley (California Institute of Technology)
Meredith Johnson (University of Minnesota)
Dara Lind (Yale University)
Katie Winter (Tufts University)

Season 25 (May 4–15, 2009)

Winner: Patrick Tucker (University of Notre Dame)
1st runner-up: Eric Betts (Emory University)
2nd runner-up: Laura Myers (University of Missouri, $29,900)
Andrew Ceppos (Tufts University)
Ariella Goldstein (Muhlenberg College)
Erica Greil (Princeton University)
Greg Lichtenstein (Vassar College)
Scott Menke (Johns Hopkins University)
Mark Petterson (University of Kansas)
Elyssa Browning (St. John's College)
Larissa Charnsangavej (Rice University)
Kadeem Cooper (University of Virginia)
Anthony Dedousis (Harvard University)
Jennifer Duann (Ohio State University)
Courtney Trezise (Michigan State University)

Season 26 (February 1–12, 2010)

Winner: Nick Yozamp (Washington University in St. Louis)
1st runner-up: Ryan Stoffers (University of California, Los Angeles)
2nd runner-up: Surya Sabhapathy (University of Michigan, $26,600)
Dan D'Addario (Columbia University)
Lindsay Eanet (University of Missouri)
James Hill III (Santa Clara University)
Leah Anthony Libresco (Yale University)
Samira Missaghi (University of Minnesota)
Ashley Walker (Dartmouth College)
Robbie Berg (University of Pennsylvania)
Rebecca Maxfield (Brown University)
Prashant Raghavendran (University of Texas at Dallas)
Lyndsey Romick (Lewis & Clark College)
Danny Vopava (University of Wisconsin–River Falls)
Will Warren (University of Alabama)

Season 27 (November 8–19, 2010)

Winner: Erin McLean (Boston University)
1st runner-up: Sam Spaulding (Yale University)
2nd runner-up: Hans von Walter (Southern Adventist University)
Sid Chandrasekhar (University of Pennsylvania)
Ellen Eichner (Ohio State University)
Marshall Flores (Arizona State University)
Steve Greene (University of California, Los Angeles)
Kyle Kahan (Texas A&M University)
Lea Tottle (Florida State University)
Olivia Colangelo (University of Notre Dame)
Folake Dosu (Stanford University)
Steph Gagelin (University of North Dakota)
Amanda J. Ray (University of Virginia)
Tim Relihan (University of Nebraska)
Katie Singh (Northwestern University)

Season 28 (February 1–14, 2012)

Winner: Monica Thieu (University of North Texas)
1st runner-up: Sarah Bart (Goucher College)
2nd runner-up: Zack Terrill (Vanderbilt University)
Jaime Alayon (George Washington University)
Tyler Benedict (Columbia University)
Greer Mackebee (Duke University)
Weston Mangin (California Polytechnic State University)
Matt Olson (Stanford University)
Connie Shi (University of Michigan)
Sarah Bauer (Indiana University)
Zach McDonnell (College of William & Mary)
Marie McGraw (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Charlie Rooney (Loyola University Chicago)
Anne Rozek (Eastern Illinois University)
Carrie Tian (Harvard University)

Season 29 (May 6–17, 2013)

Winner: Jim Coury (Georgetown University)
1st runner-up: Trevor Walker (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
2nd runner-up: Kristen Jolley (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Cindy Cammarn (Bowdoin College)
Daniel Donohue (Northwestern University)
Hannah Shoenhard (Scripps College)
Jed Silver (Tufts University)
Julia Sprangers (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Nishanth Uli (Washington University in St. Louis)
Bill Driscoll (Stanford University)
Forrest Farjadian (University of Tulsa)
Jack Houston (Azusa Pacific University)
Paige Radtke (University of Colorado Boulder)
Laura Rigge (Wellesley College)
Taylor Roth (Baylor University)

Season 30 (February 10–21, 2014)

Winner: Terry O'Shea (Princeton University)
1st runner-up: Tucker Pope (Texas A&M University)
2nd runner-up: Kevin Shen (University of California, Berkeley)3
Laurie Beckoff (University of Chicago)
Julia Clark (Harvard University)
Ben Juster (University of California, Los Angeles)
Erika Sloan (Middlebury College)
Whitney Thompson (University of Oklahoma)
Eric Turner (Vanderbilt University)
Kenesha Bennett (Oakwood University)
James Fulwiler (Temple University)
Maria Khrakovsky (Ohio State University)
Cameron Kim (Duke University)
Sarah Stevens (University of Delaware)
Alex Sventeckis (Ball State University)

Season 32 (February 1–12, 2016)

Winner: Sam Deutsch (University of Southern California)
1st runner-up: Niki Peters (University of California, Berkeley)
2nd runner-up: Sarah Dubnik (University of Pittsburgh)
Ziad Ali (North Carolina State University)
Emily Bingham (Wright State University)
Kate Laubscher (Northeastern University)4
Hannah Norem (Augustana University)4
Emily Sun (Columbia University)
Gus Woythaler (Stanford University)
Adam Antoszewski (University of Virginia)
Kevin Brown (Louisiana State University)
Noah Cowan (Brown University)
Carissa Pekny (United States Military Academy)
Amanda Rosner (Northwestern University)
Michael Sieja (Mississippi State University)4

Season 33 (February 13-24, 2017)

Winner: Lilly Chin (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
1st runner-up: Gary Tse (United States Naval Academy)
2nd runner-up: Viraj Mehta (Stanford University)
Alex Bourzutschky (California Institute of Technology)
Mari Hanley (Stetson University)
Mohan Malholtra (New York University)
Julia Marsan (Georgetown University)
Netanel Paley (Yeshiva University)
Clarissa Santori (Northeastern University)
Zach Atwell (University of Kentucky)
Esteban Fernandez (San Francisco State University)
Allison Holley (Lawrence University)
Jennifer Katz (Macalester College)
Corey Schmalzle (Lehigh University)
Hannah Whisnant (United States Military Academy)

Season 34 (April 9-20, 2018)

Winner: Dhruv Gaur (Brown University)
1st runner-up: William Scott (Tufts University)
2nd runner-up: Hannah Sage (University of Central Florida)
Thatcher Chonka (University of Oklahoma)
Jordan Goodson (Columbia University)
Rishab Jain (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Rebecca Rosenthal (Swarthmore College)
Alli Ross (Worcester Polytechnic Institute)
Eric Thorpe (Dartmouth College)
Josie Bianchi (Stanford University)
Patricia Jia (University of Pennsylvania)
Harry Kioko (University of Chicago)
Sheldon Lewis II (Rochester Institute of Technology)
Carsen Smith (Vanderbilt University)
Caroline Trammell (Furman University)

text: ^1 Milo Dochow was a losing contestant in the Winter 1999 Teen Tournament but was invited to participate in the following year's College Championship after being potentially disadvantaged by a questionable judges' ruling in Final Jeopardy!.

text: ^2 The first quarterfinal match of the 1992 College Championship ended in a tie, between Chris Montplasir and Ken Kansa, and Chris Montplasir won a spot in the semifinals and Ken Kansa earned enough money to earn a wildcard spot (although two other tie-breaker clues were given and correct responses were given for neither, resulting in editing out of the broadcast). The first semifinal match of the 1997 College Championship also ended in a tie, between Steven Beiver and Brian Chan, and Steven Beiver gave the correct response to the clue and earn a spot in the finals.

text: ^3 Kevin ended up with $0 going into the Day Two Final Jeopardy!, and ineligible to play. He was kept to have his first day score tabulated for purposes of the final score in the two day total dollars format.

text: ^4 Kate, Hannah, and Michael tied at $14,400 in the quarterfinals at the end of Final Jeopardy. Hannah led going into Final Jeopardy, while Kate and Michael tied. Kate led going into Double Jeopardy, eliminating Michael from that spot.

text: Stanford University is the only college to have two winners.

text: The only College Champions from Ivy League schools are Terry O'Shea of Princeton University in 2014 and Dhruv Gaur of Brown University in 2018.


document_title: The Place Beyond the Pines

question_text: where does place beyond the pines take place

text: The Place Beyond the Pines

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1997, Luke Glanton (Gosling) is a motorcycle stuntman. In Schenectady, New York, Luke reunites with his ex-lover Romina Gutierrez (Mendes), who is dating another man named Kofi Kancam (Ali). Luke discovers that Romina has a baby son named Jason that he fathered which she never revealed to him, so Luke quits his job to stay with Romina and their son.

text: Luke begins working part-time for auto mechanic Robin Van Der Hook (Mendelsohn). Luke asks Robin for more work, and Robin offers to partner with Luke in robbing banks. Luke and Robin successfully rob a few banks, with Luke performing the robbery and using his motorcycle as a getaway vehicle, hiding it in a box truck driven by Robin.

text: Luke gives his share of the money to Romina, and visits her and his son more often. Luke takes Romina and Jason out for ice cream, and the three ask a passerby to take a photo to capture the moment. Luke and Kofi, who objects to Luke’s presence, get into a fight, and Luke is arrested after hitting Kofi in the head with a wrench. After Robin bails him out of jail, Luke gives his savings to Romina to give to Jason when he's older. Luke insists on resuming their bank robberies, but Robin objects, and the two have a falling-out that results in Robin dismantling Luke’s motorcycle. Luke robs Robin at gunpoint, and uses the money to buy a new bike.

text: Luke attempts to rob a bank alone, but is pursued by police. Luke is cornered in a house by rookie police officer Avery Cross (Cooper) and calls Romina, asking her not to tell Jason who he was. Avery enters the room and shoots Luke in the stomach. Luke fires back, hitting Avery in the leg, but falls out the window to his death.

text: Avery gains hero status after taking down Glanton, but feels remorse about the shooting. Avery and his fellow officers illegally seize the stolen money from Romina's home, but Avery tries to return the money to Romina, who rejects it. Avery then tries to turn the money in to the chief of police, who rebuffs him. Discouraged, Avery tape records other illegal practices in the police department, and uses the recording to get a position as the assistant district attorney.

text: Fifteen years later, Avery is running for Attorney General of New York. He has his troubled teenage son A.J., who had been living with Avery’s ex-wife, move in with him and transfer to Schenectady High School. There, A.J. befriends Jason (DeHaan), but neither know the history between their fathers. The two are later arrested for felony drug possession, but when Avery is called in to pick up his son, he recognizes Jason's name. He gets Jason's charge dropped to a misdemeanor and orders A.J. to stay away from him.

text: Kofi finally tells Jason his father's name, allowing Jason to discover Luke's past on the Internet. Jason visits Robin, who tells him more about Luke and their robberies. Back in school, A.J. pressures Jason to steal Oxycontin, which Jason does in a manner similar to his father's robberies.

text: Jason eventually realizes that A.J.'s father is the man who killed his own father. After a fight with A.J., which leaves Jason hospitalized, Jason buys a gun, breaks into the Cross family home, beats A.J., and takes Avery hostage. Jason forces Avery to drive into the woods, where Avery breaks down and tearfully apologizes for killing Jason's father. Instead of killing him, Jason steals Avery's wallet and leaves him unharmed. In the wallet, Jason finds the photo of him and his parents eating ice cream, which Avery had stolen from the evidence locker.

text: Sometime later, Avery wins his bid for New York Attorney General, with A.J. at his side. Romina receives an envelope addressed to "Mom", with the old photograph inside. Jason purchases a motorcycle, starts the bike, and rides away from his old life.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ryan Gosling as Luke Glanton
Bradley Cooper as Avery Cross
Eva Mendes as Romina Gutierrez
Dane DeHaan as Jason Glanton/Kancam
Emory Cohen as A. J. Cross
Ben Mendelsohn as Robin Van Der Hook
Rose Byrne as Jennifer Cross
Mahershala Ali as Kofi Kancam
Bruce Greenwood as Bill Killcullen
Ray Liotta as Peter Deluca
Harris Yulin as Albert Cross
Robert Clohessy as Chief Weirzbowski
Olga Merediz as Malena Gutierrez

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Place Beyond the Pines premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2012; it received a limited release in the United States on March 29, 2013 and was widely released on April 12, 2013.[7] The film grossed $279,457 from 4 theaters with an average of $69,864 per theater. The film ended up earning $21,403,519 in North America and $14,082,089 internationally for a total of $35,485,608, above its $15 million production budget.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Place Beyond the Pines received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 80%, based on 205 reviews, with an average score of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ambitious to a fault, The Place Beyond the Pines finds writer/director Derek Cianfrance reaching for—and often grasping—thorny themes of family, fatherhood, and fate."[8] On Metacritic has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[9]

text: Writing for the Indiewire "Playlist" blog, Kevin Jagernauth praised the film as an "ambitious epic that is cut from some of the same thematic tissue as Cianfrance's previous film, but expands the scope into a wondrously widescreen tale of fathers, sons and the legacy of sins that are passed down through the generations".[10] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter praised the acting, cinematography, atmosphere, and score, but criticized the film's narrative flow.[11] In The Daily Telegraph, Robbie Collin drew attention to the film's "lower-key and largely unstarry third act" that was criticized in early reviews. "In fact, it’s the key to deciphering the entire film," he wrote. Collin drew parallels between Gosling's character and James Dean's Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause, and said Cianfrance's film was "great American cinema of the type we keep worrying we’ve already lost."[12]

text: Henry Barnes of The Guardian gave a mixed review, writing: "The Place Beyond the Pines is ambitious and epic, perhaps to a fault. It's a long, slow watch in the final act, a detour into the next generation that sees the sons of Luke and Avery pick away at their daddy issues together. Cianfrance signposts the ripple effects of crime with giant motorway billboards, then pootles along, following a storyline that drops off Mendes and Byrne before winding on to its obvious conclusion."[13] A negative review came from Slant Magazine's Ed Gonzalez, who criticized the film's plot, themes, "self-importance", shallow characters, and melodramatic nature.[14]

text: Top ten lists[edit]

text:
5th — Randy Myers, San Jose Mercury News[15]
6th — Kristopher Tapley, Hitfix[15]
6th — Richard Lawson, Vanity Fair[15]
7th — Total Film[15]
9th — Den of Geek[15]
9th — Kyle Smith, New York Post[15]
10th — Lisa Kennedy, The Denver Post[15]
10th — Steve Persall, The Tampa Bay Times[15]
No order — Stephen Witty, The Star-Ledger[15]
No order — Claudia Puig, USA Today[15]